PMID- 7200317 TI - Antimicrobial, insect sterilizing and ovicidal activity of some cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) complexes. AB - Twenty-one mixed-ligand complexes of cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) have been screened for their antimicrobial, insect sterilizing and ovicidal activities. Three of these cobalt(III) complexes exhibit broad antimicrobial spectra, including against human bacterial pathogens, dermatophytes and plant pathogenic fungi, while one exhibits feeble activity against a human pathogenic bacterium. These results have been compared with the activity of the corresponding cobalt(II) complexes, which have been found to be inactive, while the free ligands show reduced activity compared with the cobalt(III) complexes. Change in biological activity induced by a particular complex appears to be dependent on the composition of the first co-ordination sphere. Two of these complexes showed 50% inhibition of the conidial germination of Helminthosporium oryzae and Alternaria triticina. These results indicate their potential for use against human and plant pathogenic microbes. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the cobalt(III) complexes were determined. Three of these cobalt(III) complexes have been tested for insect sterilizing and ovicidal activities on Dysdercus koenigi F. Positive sterilizing and ovicidal actions of [Co(BSOP)(NH3)2]NO3 (where BSOP H2 is the Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and orthophenylene-diamine) were obtained. Possible mechanism(s) of all these activities are discussed qualitatively. PMID- 7200318 TI - New street drugs: new dangers. PMID- 7200319 TI - Lightly hydrogenated soy oil versus other vegetable oils as a lipid-lowering dietary constituent. AB - Fully refined, bleached, deodorized corn oil and soy oil, and lightly hydrogenated, winterized soy oil were compared for effectiveness in lowering plasma cholesterol. Twenty-four, healthy, young college students were the subjects for the 10-wk studies. At the 300 cal level, the corn oil and unhydrogenated soy oil diets contained approximately 53 g of polyunsaturated and 26 g of saturated fat. The hydrogenated soy oil diet contained 42 and 25 g, respectively. All diets contained approximately 700 mg of cholesterol. Corn oil and unhydrogenated soy oil were equally effective in lowering both total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Lightly hydrogenated soy oil was also quite effective, but less so that the more unsaturated oils. Triglycerides were also lowered, but very low density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, as well as total high density lipoproteins, were scarcely affected. All of the polyunsaturated fat diets produced small but statistically significant reductions in the cholesterol to protein ratio of all three lipoproteins. PMID- 7200321 TI - The lessons of polyploidy. Relation to congenital asymmetry and the Russell Silver syndrome. PMID- 7200320 TI - Dietary cholesterol and the plasma lipids and lipoproteins in the Tarahumara Indians: a people habituated to a low cholesterol diet after weaning. AB - Eight Tarahumara Indian men participated in a metabolic study to measure the responsiveness of their plasma cholesterol levels to dietary cholesterol. They were fed isocaloric cholesterol-free and high cholesterol diets containing 20% fat, 15% protein, and 65% carbohydrate calories. On admission to the study, the Tarahumaras had a low mean plasma cholesterol concentration (120 mg/dl), reflecting their habitual low cholesterol diet. After 3 wk of a cholesterol-free diet their cholesterol levels were 113 mg/dl. The men were then fed a high cholesterol diet (1000 mg/day) which increased the mean total plasma cholesterol to 147 mg/dl (p less than 0.01) and also increased the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. Tarahumaras, habituated to a low cholesterol diet after weaning, had the typical hypercholesterolemic response to a high cholesterol diet that has been previously observed in subjects whose lifelong diet was high in cholesterol content. PMID- 7200322 TI - Kinetics and sites of destruction of 111Indium-oxine-labeled platelets in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a quantitative study. AB - Kinetics and quantification of the sites of destruction of 111-Indium-oxine labeled autologous platelets were investigated in eight patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The mean platelet count was 17 +/- 9 X 10(9)/liter; platelets were separated by differential centrifugation and labeled with 5.6 +/- 2.5 MBq 111In. Whole body and organ 111In-platelet distribution was quantitated with a scintillation camera and a computer-assisted imaging system acquisition matrix. Areas of interest were selected with the computer and organ 111In radioactivity expressed as a percentage of whole body activity. Mean platelet survival was 49.5 +/- 29.6 hr and the survival curves were exponential. Equilibrium percentage organ 111In-radioactivity was (normal values in parentheses): spleen 33.7 +/- 8.8 (31.1 +/- 10.2); liver 16.1 +/- 9.5 (13.1 +/- 1.3); thorax 22.8 +/- 3.7 (28.2 +/- 5.6). Percentage organ 111In-activity at the time when labeled platelets had disappeared from the circulation was: spleen 44.5 +/- 16.4 (40 +/- 16); liver 16.0 +/- 11.5 (32.4 +/- 7.2); thorax 19.7 +/- 6.0 (17.7 +/- 10.3). Thorax activity corresponds to bone marrow radioactivity. Three patterns of platelet sequestration were evident. Three patients had mainly splenic sequestration, two mainly hepatic sequestration, and three diffuse reticuloendothelial system sequestration with a major component of platelets destroyed in the bone marrow. Splenectomy was performed in two patients. The pattern of 111In-platelet sequestration was not predictive of response of glucocorticoid therapy or indicative of the necessity for splenectomy. Quantitative 111In-labeled autologous platelet kinetic studies provide a new tool for the investigation of platelet disorders.U PMID- 7200323 TI - Maternal effects in dermatoglyphics: similarities from twin studies among palmar, plantar, and fingertip variables. PMID- 7200324 TI - Hematology problem. PMID- 7200325 TI - Ocular findings in human babesiosis (Nantucket fever). AB - Human babesiosis (Nantucket fever) is a rare, tick-borne intraerythrocytic parasitic disease characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, and hemolytic anemia. A 34-year-old woman, who had previously undergone surgical removal of her spleen, was hospitalized because of presumed hepatitis. The many retinal nerve fiber layer infarcts and serologic abnormalities suggested collagen disease. The diagnosis of babesiosis was established by the demonstration of intraerythrocytic parasites and a greatly elevated titer to Babesia microti. The infection was treated with chloroquine, orally administered quinine, and pyramethamine, and her symptoms resolved within one month. The retinopathy was probably the result of focal vasculitis secondary to immune complex disease caused by chronic infection. PMID- 7200327 TI - Corticosteroid-induced iridocyclitis in a family. PMID- 7200326 TI - Argon laser iris photocoagulation to relieve acute angle-closure glaucoma. AB - Two patients, a 67-year-old woman and a 24-year-old man, suffered acute attacks of angle-closure glaucoma. After standard treatment methods had failed, argon laser iris photocoagulation was used to relieve the attacks. In one case the argon laser photocoagulation relieved the pupillary block, decreasing the intraocular pressure and permitting successful argon laser peripheral iridotomy. In the second case, argon laser photocoagulation broke up the posterior synechiae, decreasing the intraocular pressure. PMID- 7200328 TI - Corneal endothelial changes after argon-laser iridotomy and panretinal photocoagulation. AB - We performed argon-laser peripheral iridotomies on the right eyes of eight cynomolgus monkeys and administered panretinal scatter photocoagulation to the left eyes of the same monkeys. Both eyes of each monkey were photographed and studied with a slit lamp, pachymetry, and direct and indirect specular microscopy. After follow-up periods of 0 to 31 days, the monkeys were killed and the enucleated eyes studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Scanning microscopy were deposits showed that the changes observed by specular microscopy were deposits on the endothelium. Only minimal damage occurred and there were no significant changes in endothelial cell density after either treatment. PMID- 7200329 TI - Hypopyon iridocyclitis associated with extended-wear soft contact lenses. AB - Two patients had corneal erosions and hypopyon iridocyclitis associated with continuous wear of aphakic soft contact lenses. Both patients were treated with cycloplegia and patching without antibiotics or corticosteroids. Both patients fully recovered. PMID- 7200330 TI - Follow-up of abstinent and nonabstinent alcoholics. AB - Despite differences in samples and designs, follow-up studies of alcoholic patients by the Rand Corporation, the state of Oklahoma, and the Veterans Administration (VA) revealed more similarities than differences in outcome and relapse. In the VA study at 6, 12, and 24 months' follow-up, it was found that drinking status and psychosocial adjustment were significantly correlated, the percentage of patients drinking moderately varied from 33% to 47% and did not decrease over time, and the percentage of patients in remission remained constant at 55% over the 2-year period. These data appear to support the inclusion of moderate drinking in the definition of remission. PMID- 7200331 TI - Loss-induced depression in an adult macaque monkey. PMID- 7200332 TI - Deposition and maturation of eggs of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro: importance of fatty acids in serum-free media. AB - A serum-free medium which supports miracidial development in some eggs deposited by adult Schistosoma mansoni in vitro is described. Derivation of the medium involved examination of the supportiveness of nine chemically defined media, selection of one promoting the highest degree of worm oviposition, and supplementation of the latter with various serum fractions. The serum fraction supporting egg maturation was nondialyzable, and precipitated at 50-60% ammonium sulfate saturation. This fraction could be replaced by bovine serum albumin; however, the supportive activity disappeared if this material was delipidated. Addition of soybean lecithin, or stearic acid, to fatty-acid-free, albumin supplemented media yielded intermediate results, while similar addition of other nonesterified fatty acids proved non stimulatory. A fatty acid mixture, rich in stearic acid, was then developed which, when added to delipidated-albumin supplemented media, supported a degree of egg development comparable to that obtained with media supplemented with 8% newborn calf serum. PMID- 7200333 TI - Subcutaneous zygomycosis caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus: presentation of a case mimicking Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - We report the fifth case of subcutaneous zygomycosis caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus in Brazil. The lesion appeared as a tumor in the right mandibular area mimicking Burkitt's lymphoma of the jaw. In this patient evaluation of cellular immunity with the lymphoblastic transformation test yielded normal results. PMID- 7200334 TI - Evaluation of the efficiency of transovarial transmission of California encephalitis viral strains in Aedes dorsalis and Aedes melanimon. AB - California encephalitis (CE) virus was transmitted transovarially by its natural vector, Aedes melanimon. Vertical transmission rates ranged from 13-26% in geographical populations of Ae. melanimon infected with CE virus by intrathoracic inoculation. No consistent pattern of transmission rates was detected for location or time of year mosquito collection. Vertical transmission rates ranged from 9-29% in Aedes dorsalis inoculated with CE viral strains isolated from Ae. melanimon collected in California. The month or year of viral isolation had no effect on the efficiency of vertical transmission. However, a viral strain isolated from the Owens Valley was less efficiently transmitted than strains from the Sacramento Valley, and strains from the San Joaquin Valley were intermediate in efficiency. Filial infection rates were highest in first ovarian cycle progeny and declined with increasing ovarian cycles in both Ae. dorsalis and Ae. melanimon. PMID- 7200335 TI - Simple estimate of ureides in soybean tissue. PMID- 7200336 TI - A microassay for phallotoxins: quantification of phallotoxins in Amanita species. PMID- 7200337 TI - Formation of the outer dense fibers during spermiogenesis in the rat. AB - The morphogenesis of the outer dense fibers (ODF) in rat spermatids has been studied by electron microscopy, and the synthesis and incorporation of proteins into the ODF during this process have been followed by radioautography using 3H proline and 3H-cystine as precursors for ODF proteins. In the first phase (step 8 14), nine very fine fibers termed anlagen of the ODF develop in association with the microtubule doublets. These first appear along the most proximal portion of the axoneme in step 8 of spermiogenesis; during steps 9-14 they gradually increased in length in a proximal-to-distal direction, being first observable along the forming midpiece and later along the principal piece as well. In the second phase (steps 15-16), the rudimentary fibers suddenly increase in diameter, with the most dramatic growth occurring in step 16, and assume a close resemblance to the mature ODF. This striking transformation, which appears to result from simultaneous deposition of electron-dense material along the length of anlagen of the ODF, coincides with a period of rapid incorporation of 3H proline-and 3H-cystine-containing proteins, which become permanent structural components of the ODF. These proteins, which comprise the bulk of the ODF, are synthesized in the cytoplasm of spermatids during the acrosome and early maturation phases. In the final phase (steps 17-19) the fibers continue to enlarge very slowly, assuming their definitive form in step 19 of spermiogenesis. Thus formation of the ODF in the rat is a lengthy multistep procedure, requiring from step 8-19 of spermiogenesis and utilizing proteins synthesized throughout most of this period. PMID- 7200338 TI - Breast feeding versus soy bean milk. PMID- 7200339 TI - Survey for heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, and Dipetalonema reconditum (Nematoda:Filarioidea) in dogs from Virginia and North Carolina. AB - Random-source dogs (n = 100) in Virginia and North Carolina were surveyed for the microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis. Microscopic examination of fresh thin-films and modified Knott preparations were made. Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum were found in 19% and 6% of the animals, respectively. There was no animal that harbored both species. Prevalence was significantly higher in North Carolina (28.6%) than in Virginia (13.6%) (P less than 0.025). Mean PCV was significantly lower (P less than 0.005) in infected vs noninfected animals. PMID- 7200340 TI - Genetic and environmental influences on pulmonary function in adult twins. AB - As part of the NHLBI Twin Study, pulmonary function tests were successfully administered to 127 monozygotic and 141 dizygotic white male twin pairs 42 to 56 yr of age. Values for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were obtained using a standardized protocol for spirometry. Initial twin analyses showed significant genetic variance (p less than 0.001) for both FVC and FEV1, whether or not adjustments were made for individual differences in age and body size. After adjustment, heritability estimates were 0.91 and 0.77 for FVC and FEV1, respectively. Further analyses indicated that the observed heritability of FVC resulted from the effects of pack-years of smoking as well as from genetic factors related to body size. These findings suggest that there were no other significant genetic determinants of FVC. In contrast, heritability of FEV1 could not be explained by constitutional factors, such as height and weight, or by cigarette smoking or propensity for cardiopulmonary disease symptoms. Additional analyses were done based on frequency of twin contact, which served as an indirect measure of environmental similarity between cotwins. Results suggested that there was a shared environmental variation in FEV1, as well as genetic variation, that could not be attributed to subpopulation differences in measured characteristics. The findings of this study are consistent with theories of genetic influences on alveolar and airway development and argue in favor of early as well as adult environmental influences on pulmonary function. PMID- 7200341 TI - Successful chemotherapy of transfusion babesiosis. AB - We describe babesiosis transmitted by transfusion. The infected blood donor was identified and a minimum period of infectivity of the donor's blood was established. We report a new modality for chemotherapy consisting of quinine plus clindamycin, and a new endemic focus for this zoonosis on Fire Island, New York. There are insufficient data to establish a reasonably safe period after which visitors and residents of Babesia-endemic foci can become blood donors. Screening of such persons by a rapid serologic test, such as the ELISA or immunofluorescent antibody tests, is suggested. PMID- 7200342 TI - Aspirin dipyridamole, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 7200343 TI - Current concepts in the management of urinary tract infection. AB - Careful specimen collection is essential in the diagnosis of urinary infection. In adults with normal kidneys and urinary tracts recurrent urinary infection is a benign condition, but in patients with underlying renal abnormalities, infection can potentiate renal scarring and progression of renal failure and it is thus important to identify patients at risk. Single dose therapy appears to be a major advance in the management of patients with urinary tract infection in that it is simple, safe, cheap, effective, and well tolerated by patients. Single dose therapy may also serve as a guide to identify patients requiring radiological investigation. PMID- 7200344 TI - [Oestrogen-induced proteins in breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The hormone dependence and the prognosis of human breast cancers are currently based on assays of the estrogen receptor (RE) and progesterone receptor (RP) in the tumor. However, such prediction can not be fully accurate: RE may be non functional in some tumors and the estrogenic regulation of RP is not directly correlated with the effects of estrogens on cell growth. Here we described other estrogen induced intracellular, secreted or membrane proteins. Investigations of these proteins should allow a better understanding of the mechanisms by which estrogens stimulate the growth and spreading of breast cancer. Some secreted proteins could even be useful as circulatory markers of hormone dependence. PMID- 7200345 TI - Comparative effects of soy and casein protein on plasma cholesterol concentrations. AB - The effects of soy and casein protein on cholesterol metabolism were determined under normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic conditions in male Wistar rats and in Swiss White mice. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding cholesterol and cholic acid in the diet for a period of 2 weeks. Our results demonstrate that there are significant species differences. The hypercholesterolemic effect of exogenous cholesterol was more pronounced in the mouse than in the rat. The rats fed the basal (no cholesterol, no cholic acid) semisynthetic diet containing either soy or casein had plasma cholesterol concentrations similar to those observed in chow-fed controls. However, plasma cholesterol concentrations in the mice fed the basal semisynthetic diet containing either of the two proteins were significantly elevated compared to the control mice fed commercial chow. Rat data demonstrate that the hypercholesterolemia induced by exogenous cholesterol administration is of a lesser magnitude in the presence of soy compared to casein as a dietary protein source. The mice data show that the concentrations of hepatic and biliary cholesterol and plasma triglycerides and in response to exogenous cholesterol are significantly lower in the soy protein diet compared to the casein protein diet. PMID- 7200346 TI - Effect of sodium chloride and sorbitol infusions on vascular angiotensin reactivity during third trimester pregnancy. AB - Normal pregnancy is associated with refractoriness to the pressor effects of i.v. administered angiotensin II (A II). In pre-eclampsia, this refractoriness to A II is lost several weeks prior to the increase of blood pressure. Infusions of 200 ml of 3% saline or of 40% sorbitol over 30 min, or administration of 2,000 ml of normal saline infused over 2 h, respectively, resulted in an increased vascular angiotensin sensitivity. The effective angiotensin pressor dose (APD) decreased significantly after each test substance (decrease of the mean APD 14.5% after 3% saline, 24% after 40% sorbitol and 25% after normal saline). The data confirm the hypothesis that the principal determinant of pressor responsiveness to A II during pregnancy is arteriolar response; this seems to be modulated by alterations in the sodium content of the vessel wall. PMID- 7200347 TI - Treatment of homosexual and heterosexual sexual dysfunction in male-only groups of mixed sexual orientation. AB - Males complaining of erectile and ejaculatory dysfunctions were treated in a structured therapy program. Twenty-one males of heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual orientation were divided into five groups, with two male therapists for each group. Patients were those usually considered difficult to treat in that 16 had a primary sexual dysfunction with an average duration of 6 years. Extensive evaluations were made before therapy, at the completion of therapy, and at 2 months follow-up. Pre-therapeutic, post-therapeutic, and follow-up measurements indicated that the program was highly successful. PMID- 7200348 TI - The effects of sexual status on threat, attack and subordinate behaviors of papio monkeys. AB - Performance of perception of threat, attack, and subordinate behaviors at different phases of the perineal cycle in 24 female group papio monkeys (super species Papio cynocephalus) was compared. The subjects ranged in age from 36 to 42 months at the inception of the study and were observed over a 2-year period. Females performed significantly fewer threat and attack behaviors during the swollen phase of the perineal cycle and showed no significant differences in the reception of the three behavioral measures. The reduction in the performance of aggression that occurs during the swollen phase of the perineal cycle reflects a shift in the focus of interactions during consortship to a single male. PMID- 7200349 TI - Elimination of iatrogenic impotence and improvement of sexual function after aortoiliac revascularization. AB - One hundred ten men who underwent revascularization for aortoiliac occlusive disease by either aortic reconstruction (n = 66), crossover femorofemoral bypass (n = 38), or axillofemoral bypass (n = 6) were examined with regard to preoperative and postoperative sexual function. Aortic reconstructions were performed using a nerve-sparing technique, and special emphasis was placed on preservation or improvement of pelvic blood supply. Thirty patients (27%) were impotent preoperatively and postoperatively, 67 patients (61%) had normal sexual function preoperatively and postoperatively, and 13 patients (12%) who were impotent preoperatively regained sexual function as a result of revascularization, indicating that 30% (13/43) of all patients with preoperative impotence regained sexual function. No patient with normal preoperative sexual function was impotent postoperatively. Nerve-sparing aortic dissections, attention to preservation or improvement of pelvic blood flow, and, when appropriate, extra-anatomic bypass are essential in the preservation or improvement of sexual function after aortoiliac revascularization. PMID- 7200350 TI - [Changes in urethral and bladder mucosa in a urethral syndrome]. AB - The mucous membrane of the urinary bladder and urethra was studied histologically and electron microscopically in 20 women varying in age from 17 to 70 years who suffered from the urethral syndrome. Chronic urethritis was found in 19 patients, fibrosis of the submucous layer of the urethra in one. In 8 cases urethritis was combined with diffuse cystitis, in 4 with focal inflammation of the urinary bladder neck. Inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane were characterized by diffuse-focal lymphoplasma cell infiltrates, desquamation of transitional epithelium of the bladder and urethra, parapedesis of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the urethra lumen, activation of the fibroblast synthesis with excessive formation of collagen, proliferation of tegmental epithelium of the urethra with formation of deep pockets. The inflammatory etiology of the urethral syndrome of obscure origin is supposed. PMID- 7200351 TI - Nasal obstruction. Adenoiditis vs adenoid hypertrophy. AB - The terms "adenoiditis" and "adenoid hyperplasia" are often used interchangeably to describe posterior nasal obstruction in children, tending to obscure indications for adenoidectomy. To more clearly define the role of the adenoid bed in nasal obstruction and its relationship to aural disease, we examined tissue obtained at adenoidectomy from 22 children via the quantitative bacteriological technique. In three patients, adenoidectomy was performed for nasal obstruction alone, in nine patients for serous otitis media and nasal obstruction, and in ten patients for nasal obstruction with serous otitis media and recurrent bacterial otitis. Using the criteria that 10(5) bacteria per gram of tissue indicates infection, 90% of the patients in the last group had infected adenoids vs 8% of the patients in the first two groups. Quantitative immunoglobulin levels, WBC counts, or preoperative antibiotic therapy was not helpful in determining which patients had infected adenoids. Pressure-equalizing tubes were placed when appropriate. A follow-up of nine to 22 months is included. PMID- 7200352 TI - The postnatal visit. PMID- 7200353 TI - Vascular changes during regression of the corpus luteum of the guinea pig. AB - Quantitative and qualitative changes in the microvasculature of the corpus luteum of the guinea pig during cyclical luteal regression were studied by light and electron microscopy. During luteal regression, between day 12 of the oestrous cycle and day 1 of the next cycle, there was a reduction in the extent of the luteal capillary bed as measured both by 'hit' counts and by differential counts of all nucleated cells. Luteal cells made up a constant proportion of congruent to 60% of the luteal tissue area up to day 1 of the next cycle, but had increased as a proportion of all nucleated cells by that stage. Both fibroblasts and macrophages increased in number and in area occupied during luteal regression. Ultrastructural changes in capillaries during luteal regression included an increased incidence and degree of protrusion of endothelial cells into the lumina of small blood vessels, and degeneration and death of many endothelial cells. In spite of the widespread presence of endothelial cell degeneration, most small vessels retained a continuous lining of apparently viable endothelium. It is concluded that in this species there is a rapid and substantial reduction in the luteal capillary bed, which commences during the early stages of luteal regression, and a mechanism is proposed by which the capillary bed may be reduced while retaining its integrity. PMID- 7200354 TI - The effect of stress on the migration of leucocytes into the peritoneal cavity of rats following injection of an inflammatory agent. AB - Although previous studies have shown that the injection of exogenous corticosteroids suppresses the inflammatory response, no study has been made on the effect on inflammation of endogenous corticosteroids released in response to stress. In the present study a reduction was observed in the total number of leucocytes migrating into the peritoneal cavity of stressed rats in response to the injection of an inflammatory agent. The reduction of total counts was due to a stress-induced reduction of both polymorph and mononuclear cells. Permeability studies and blood leucocyte counts were conducted to determine the mode of action of the stress-induced reduction of leucocyte migration. In the case of the polymorphs, evidence is presented to implicate both a reduced release of these cells into the blood stream from storage sites and a blockade of the increased vascular permeability. The situation is not as clear for the mononuclear cells where no change in the circulating levels of these cells was observed in either stressed or control rats following induction of an inflammatory response. PMID- 7200355 TI - The vascular and microvascular anatomy of the rat uterus during the oestrous cycle. AB - The vascular and microvascular anatomy of the rat uterus during the oestrous cycle was studied using the corrosion vascular casting/scanning electron microscopy method. Particular attention was paid to identifying each stage of the oestrous cycle prior to casting. The optimum viscosity range for the methyl methacrylate-based casting medium was between 2.3 and 4.0 centistokes; the perfusion pressure was adjusted to give an abdominal aortic pressure of 90 mm Hg. Casts show a complete replication of all uterine vessels. The longitudinal muscle capillaries of the myometrium appear thicker and more closely spaced than those of the circular muscle. Capillary networks surrounding the endometrial glands are continuous with the complex subepithelial capillary plexus. The uterus undergoes large variations in diameter during the oestrous cycle, and the corresponding changes in the spatial arrangement of its vasculature are demonstrated. No new vessel growth was detected during the cycle. The vaso-activity of methyl methacrylate makes vessel diameter measurements from the casts unreliable. This and other problems relating to the physiological interpretation of corrosion casts are discussed in detail. This work provides a thorough description of the morphology and unique structural variability of the rat uterine vasculature during the oestrous cycle. PMID- 7200356 TI - Contraversive circling and facilitation of the perioral biting reflex by injection of substance P or D-Ala2-Met-encephalinamide into the substantia nigra. PMID- 7200357 TI - Twin-family studies of perceptual speed ability. II. Parameter estimation. AB - Offspring of monozygotic (MZ) twins form half-ships that permit a direct test of maternal effects and differentiate several sources of between-family environmental variance. Combined with conventional twin data, these genetic half sibships provide a unique data set for estimating sources of variation in quantitative traits. To illustrate, genetic and environmental parameters were estimated for Identical Pictures Test data obtained from children of MZ twin parents and an (approximate) age-matched cohort of like-sex twins. Analyses of variance of the data, standardized for age and sex, yield 12 mean squares to which gene-environment models were fit. Maximum-likelihood estimation revealed a complete absence of maternal influences and shared environmental effects; a simple two-parameter model, assuming random mating and attributing variation in test scores to additive genes and within-family environment, adequately accounts for the familial data. PMID- 7200358 TI - Diagnosis of zygosity in twins: reply to Wilson. PMID- 7200359 TI - The action on cellulose and its derivatives of a purified 1,4-beta-glucanase from Trichoderma koningii. AB - The specific properties have been examined of the 1,4-beta-glucanase component of Trichoderma koningii that participates in an early and effective stage of random breakdown of native cellulose to short fibres. The enzyme was purified and freed from associated components of the cellulase complex (particularly beta glucosidase) that interfere with, and complicate interpretation of, the action of such enzymes. Purification increased the specific activity 25-fold over culture filtrates; the enzyme hydrolysed CM-cellulose faster than the purified beta glucosidase from the same organism hydrolysed any of its substrates (cellobiose or cellodextrins). The specificity of the glucanase was directed towards soluble derivatives of cellulose, CM-cellulose and cellodextrins, and not to insoluble cellulose or alpha-linked polymers. The approximate Km was 2.5 mg of CM-cellulose . ml-1 at 37 degrees C at the optimum pH, 5.5, where enzymic activity was maximal with 6--7 mg of CM-cellulose . ml-1 and inhibited by higher concentrations. The temperature optimum was 60 degrees C. The glucanase attacked larger cellodextrins (cellohexaose to cellotetraose, in that order) much more readily than smaller dextrins (cellobiose and cellotriose) and released a mixture of products, glucose up to cellopentaose, which was quantitatively determined after chromatography on charcoal. Similar examination of hydrolysates of the reduced cellodextrins showed clearly the high specificity of the enzyme for the central bond of its natural substrates (the cellodextrins), whatever their chain length, and indicated the nature of the enzyme as an endoglucanase. Outer bonds shared a weaker, but similar, susceptibility to enzymic cleavage. Transferase activity was absent and no larger dextrins than the initial substrate were formed. PMID- 7200360 TI - Gadusol, an enolic derivative of cyclohexane-1,3-dione present in the roes of cod and other marine fish. Isolation, properties and occurrence compared with ascorbic acid. AB - Gadusol, C8H12O6, has been isolated from roes of the cod (Gadus morhua L.), i.e., ovaries that contain ripe eggs just before spawning. The concentration is about 4 g/kg dry wt. It has been identified as 1,4,5-trihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2 methoxycyclo-hex-1-en-3-one and this structure was confirmed by synthesis of the anhydro tetra-acetate derivative from methyl 3,5-diacetoxy-4-methoxybenzoate. Concentrations of gadusol in the roes of other marine teleost fish examined are of the same order as in cod roes. Gadusol has some properties similar to ascorbic acid and both compounds, after oxidation, react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in the commonly-used assay procedure for ascorbic acid. Specific assays showed that the concentrations of gadusol in the roes of marine fish are severalfold greater than those of ascorbic acid. Gadusol is structurally related to the mycosporines previously reported from a number of different organisms. PMID- 7200361 TI - [3H]Cyclo(histidyl-proline) in rat tissues: distribution, clearance and binding. PMID- 7200362 TI - Purification by affinity chromatography of the solubilized oligosaccharyltransferase from hen oviducts using a privileged secondary structure adopting peptide. PMID- 7200363 TI - Repeated administration of sulpiride for three weeks produces behavioural and biochemical evidence for cerebral dopamine receptor supersensitivity. AB - Administration of sulpiride (2 X 100 mg/kg i.p.) or haloperidol (5 mg/kg i.p.) to rats for 3 weeks with subsequent withdrawal for 3 or 4 days induced cerebral dopamine receptor supersensitivity. Apomorphine-induced stereotyped behaviour after drug withdrawal was enhanced by pretreatment with either haloperidol or sulpiride both of which increased the number of specific striatal binding sites (Bmax) for [3H]spiperone, [3H]N,n-propylnorapomorphine and [3H]sulpiride. Neither drug altered the dissociation constant (KD) for the ligand binding assays. Striatal dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase activity was unaltered by such a pretreatment with either haloperidol or sulpiride. The data show that sulpiride, like haloperidol, is capable of inducing behavioural and biochemical supersensitivity of cerebral dopamine receptors. PMID- 7200364 TI - Stimulation of the plasminogen activator activity of human synovial fibroblasts by retinoids. AB - Nonrheumatoid human synovial fibroblasts in culture, while having low basal plasminogen activator levels, were stimulated to produce much more of this protease activity by low concentrations of a series of retinoids. The most potent retinoid tested, all-trans retinoic acid, was active over the range 10(-11)-10( 6)M. The increased plasminogen activator activity in the presence of 10(-6)M retinoic acid was first observed within 40 minutes under appropriate experimental conditions, required RNA and protein synthesis, and was reversible after short incubation periods. This stimulation was suppressed by low concentrations of antiinflammatory glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone. PMID- 7200365 TI - Diurnal variation in biliary lipids and serum VLDL before and during treatment with cloribrate. AB - Biliary lipid composition and serum VLDL triglyceride (VLDL-TG) level were determined intermittently over 24 h in 5 previously cholecystectomized hypertriglyceridaemic patients. The study was repeated when the patients had been treated with clofibrate for 2 months. Before and during treatment the molar cholesterol concentration in duodenal bile showed marked diurnal variations. It dropped after the first meal in the morning, remained depressed until the end of the evening, increased early at night and dropped back slightly between 2 and 8 a.m. A diurnal variation was also recorded for bile acid composition, as the contribution of cholic acid (C) increased in 4 of the subjects at night. During treatment with clofibrate, the molar concentration of cholesterol remained unchanged during the day but was significantly elevated in samples obtained at night. The contribution of C increased during both the day and the night. As a general tendency, changes in the curve representing the molar level of cholesterol in bile were mirrored by reversed changes in the VLDL level in plasma. The possibility of a causal relationship between these two parameters is discussed. PMID- 7200366 TI - Plasticity of cortico-thalamic projections and functional recovery in the unilateral detelencephalized infant rat. AB - Previous results have shown that the unilateral removal of the telencephalon in adult rats leads to the appearance of crossed connections from the remaining telencephalon to the thalamus one week after the ablation. This study extends this finding to infant rats. The telencephalon structures were unilaterally removed in 7-day-old animals. As in adult rats the ablation induced behavioral asymmetries, including active turning behavior which ceased within the first days after the lesion. Either immediately after the ablation or one week thereafter the animals were injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the posterior part of the thalamus ipsilateral to the lesion. HRP-labeled cells appeared in the remaining contralateral cortex in animals that were injected one week after the lesion. Rapid functional recovery from the lesion-induced behavioral asymmetries, as indicated, for example, by the cessation of spontaneous turning behavior, may be related to the observed appearance of crossed projections between structures that are normally connected only ipsilaterally. PMID- 7200367 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without asymmetric hypertrophy. AB - A 49-year-old women with congestive heart failure and heart block died of cerebral embolism. Clinical and echocardiographic findings suggested a diagnosis of atypical dilated cardiomyopathy with predominantly right ventricular involvement. At necropsy, all the cardiac chambers were slightly dilated and the interventricular septum and the left ventricular wall were of normal thickness and symmetry. Histological examination, however, disclosed extensive disarray of abnormal myocardial tissue, especially in the interventricular septum. Her father had similar clinical and echocardiographic findings, while one of her brothers had typical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at necropsy. It is likely that the patient actually had inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The case illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy when based solely on the left ventricular gross anatomy. PMID- 7200368 TI - Renal and haemopoietic proliferative defects as a delayed consequence of cis platin, adriamycin and daunomycin treatments. AB - The long-term effects of Adriamycin (ADR), daunomycin (DMN) and cis dichlorodiammine platinum (II) (DDP) on the ability of murine renal tubular epithelium and erythropoiesis to respond to an acute proliferative stress was investigated. Folic acid (FA) and acute anaemia induced by bleeding were used as acute proliferative stimuli for renal-tubule epithelium and erythropoiesis respectively. The ability of these normal cell-renewal systems to mount a regenerative proliferative response was evaluated by radioisotopic, morphological and gravimetric techniques 4 months after drug treatment. The results indicate that pretreatment with these agents produce a long-lasting reduction in the ability of these cell-renewal systems to mount regenerative proliferation. In the kidney, the ability to respond to FA was most severely compromised by ADR and DDP, whereas in the erythropoietic system all 3 agents induced a long-lasting proliferative defect. PMID- 7200369 TI - Leukaemia of platelet precursors: diverse features in four cases. AB - Four patients are described with malignant cells of definite or probable megakaryocytic lineage in the bone marrow and blood. Megakaryocytic features were defined by morphological and cytochemical studies using light and electron microscopy, and in two cases by reaction with a monoclonal anti-platelet antibody, AN51. All patients had increased bone-marrow reticulin, which developed in less than 15 months in two cases. One of these fitted the clinical pattern of acute myelosclerosis of Lewis and Szur (now widely referred to as acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia). Three cases had unique clinical features which are described in detail. There may be several variants of megakaryocytic leukaemia, including chronic forms. One variant is associated with Down's syndrome (trisomy 21). PMID- 7200370 TI - Choriocarcinoma of cervix. Case report. PMID- 7200371 TI - Prolactin levels in the premenstrual syndrome. AB - Serum prolactin was measured in 18 subjects complaining of premenstrual syndrome and results were compared with those in 10 control subjects. No consistent changes were seen during the course of the menstrual cycle in either group. There were no significant differences between the prolactin levels of the two groups. There was no correlation between mood change and levels of prolactin. PMID- 7200372 TI - Enhancement of the streptokinase-catalyzed activation of human plasminogen by human fibrinogen and its plasminolysis products. AB - The effects of human fibrinogen, and several plasmin-derived fragments of fibrinogen, on the streptokinase-induced activation of human plasminogen (Pg) have been investigated. Fibrinogen stimulates the rate of activation of human Glu1-Pg, Lys77-Pg, and Val442-Pg. The cofactor activity of fibrinogen appears to reside mainly in the D-domain region, since purified fragment D is active in this system. Fibrinogen fragment E was not active in this regard. The cofactor activity of fragment D was partially dependent on the presence of Ca2+. This effect of Ca2+ was likely due to its stabilizing influence on fragment D, as revealed by studied employing differential scanning calorimetry. Conversion of fragment D1 to fragments D2--5 did not alter the cofactor activity. Steady-state kinetic analysis of the activation of Val442-Pg by the streptokinase-Val442 plasmin complex demonstrated that the Km decreased approximately 2-fold, in the presence of fragment D1. Very little change in the steady-state kinetic parameters for Glu1-Pg and Lys77-Pg, when activated by the streptokinase-Lys77 plasmin complex, was noted in the presence of fragment D1. It was also found that both fibrinogen and fibrinogen fragment D1 increased the rate of formation of the active site in the streptokinase-plasminogen complex, of all forms of plasminogen, and that this effect was sufficient to explain the overall stimulation of the activation of plasminogen by fibrinogen and fibrinogen fragment D1. PMID- 7200373 TI - Characterization of a plasminogen activator secreted by cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. AB - A plasminogen activator was purified from the serum-free conditioned medium of bovine aortic endothelial cell cultures by chromatography on zinc chelate-agarose and benzamidine-CH-Sepharose. The final material consisted of a main fibrinolytically active component with Mr 30,000 and a minor component with Mr 41,000. It was obtained with a yield of 60%, a purification factor of 35 and a purity of 25-50%. The activity of this plasminogen activator was completely neutralized by antibodies to human urokinase but not by antibodies against human tissue plasminogen activator. Purified tissue plasminogen activator from bovine heart, however, was completely neutralized by antibodies against human tissue plasminogen activator but unaffected by antibodies to human urokinase. These findings indicate that bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture secrete mainly a urokinase-like. These findings indicate that bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture secrete mainly a urokinase-like plasminogen activator, and not a tissue type plasminogen activator as was generally assumed. PMID- 7200374 TI - [Ultrastructure of actomyosin filaments]. AB - Investigation of the fine structure of actomyosin filaments indicates that mechanical pressing of protein film (during preparation of the filaments) results in parallel alignment of the filament along the longitudinal axis. Contraction by ATP results in a condensation of the filament system. Heat denaturation is accompanied by destruction of the filament system. PMID- 7200375 TI - [Sarcoplasmic actin in muscle cells of ambulacral tubes of the sea star]. AB - Protein solubilized in large quantities in solutions of low ionic strength, when myofibril-like preparations were isolated from ambulacral tube, was shown to be actin. When gelation of sarcoplasmic proteins occurs a gel consisting of actin microfilaments bundles is formed. The factor which inhibits actin polymerization is liberated during gel formation. The aggregate substance of sarcoplasmic actin under cell ionic conditions may be determined by binding with this factor. PMID- 7200376 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the localization and molecular mobility of several physiologically active substances incorporated in artificial phospholipid membranes]. PMID- 7200377 TI - Conditioned dopaminergic activity. AB - These studies examine the possibility that drugs (amphetamine and apomorphine) affecting dopamine metabolism might show conditioning properties and tests the hypothesis that dopaminergic activity might be responsible for any conditioning seen. If environmental cues can act as conditioning signals, affecting the activity of dopaminergic neurons, conditioning factors might contribute to fluctuations in the clinical status of individuals with neurologic or psychiatric conditions influenced by alterations in dopamine metabolism or receptor function. In addition conditioning phenomena might contribute an important physiological component to the problem of stimulant addiction, in a manner similar to that suggested for the opiates (Wikler, 1961; O'Brien et al., 1977a). The relevance of these studies to the continuing attempts to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms of learning should also be emphasized. PMID- 7200378 TI - Increased 3H-spiperone binding sites in mesolimbic area related to methamphetamine-induced behavioral hypersensitivity. AB - The specific 3H-spiperone binding to membrane homogenates of the striatum, mesolimbic area, and frontal cortex was examined in two groups of rats pretreated once daily with saline or 4 mg/kg of methamphetamine (MAP) for 14 days. At 7 days following cessation of chronic pretreatment, all rats received an injection of 4 mg/kg of MAP and were decapitated 1 hr after the injection. In the chronic saline pretreatment group, the single administration of MAP induced significant changes in the number (Bmax) of specific 3H-spiperone binding sites (a decrease in the striatum and an increase in the mesolimbic area and frontal cortex), but no significant changes in the affinity (KD) in any brain area. The chronic MAP pretreatment markedly augmented the changes in Bmax in the striatum and mesolimbic area. The increase in specific 3H-spiperone binding sites in the mesolimbic area is discussed in relation to MAP-induced behavioral hypersensitivity. PMID- 7200379 TI - On the origin and the signal-shaping mechanism of the fast photosignal in the vertebrate retina. AB - Fast photosignals (FPS) with R(1) and R(2) components were measured in retinas of cattle, rat, and frog within a temperature range of 0 degrees to 60 degrees C. Except for temperatures near 0 degrees C the signal rise of the R(1) component was determined by the duration of the exciting flash. The kinetics of the R(2) component and the meta transition of rhodopsin in the cattle and rat retina were compared. For the analysis of the FPS it is presupposed that the signal is produced by light-induced charges on the outer segment envelope membrane that spread onto the whole plasma membrane of the photoreceptor cell. To a good approximation, this mechanism can be described by a model circuit with two distinct capacitors. In this model, the charging capacitance of the pigmented outer segment envelope membrane and the capacitance of the receptor's nonpigmented plasma membrane are connected via the extra- and intracellular electrolyte resistances. The active charging is explained by two independent processes, both with exponential rise (R(1) and R(2)), that are due to charge displacements within the pigmented envelope membrane. The time constant tau(2) of the R(2) membrane charging process shows a strong temperature dependence that of the charge redistribution, tau(r), a weak one. In frog and cattle retinas the active charging is much slower within a large temperature range than the passive charge redistribution. From the two-capacitor model it follows for tau(r) << tau(2) that the rise of the R(2) component is determined by tau(r), whereas the decay is given by tau(2). For the rat retina, however, tau(2) approaches tau(r) at physiological temperatures and becomes 3 mM. Our survey shows that enzyme activity is present as early as 26 wk of gestation, increases with gestational age, and has the same characteristics throughout gestation. The data show that the lipase in gastric aspirates differs from pancreatic lipase, but closely resembles human and rat lingual lipase. Because the lipase has a low pH optimum and does not require bile salts, it can act in the stomach where it initiates the hydrolysis of dietary fat. We suggest that intragastric lipolysis is probably of major importance in the newborn and especially in the premature infant where it compensates not only for low pancreatic lipase, but in addition, helps to overcome the temporary bile salt deficiency through the formation of amphiphilic reaction products. PMID- 7204560 TI - Transport of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II by human thoracic duct lymph. AB - The daily transport of human plasma apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, triglyceride, and total cholesterol from the thoracic duct lymph into plasma was measured in two subjects before and three subjects after renal transplantation. Lymph triglyceride transport was approximately 83% of the daily ingested fat loads, whereas lymph cholesterol transport was consistently greater than the amount of daily ingested cholesterol. Lymph apolipoprotein transport significantly (P < 0.05) exceeded the predicted apolipoprotein synthesis rate by an average of 659+/ 578 mg/d for apolipoprotein A-I and 109+/-59 mg/d for apolipoprotein A-II among the five subjects. It is estimated that 22-77% (apolipoprotein A-I) and 28-82% (apolipoprotein A-II) of daily total body apolipoprotein synthesis takes place in the intestine. Lymph high density lipoprotein particles are mostly high density lipoprotein(2b) and high density lipoprotein(2a) and have a greater overall relative triglyceride content and a smaller relative cholesteryl ester content when compared with homologous plasma high density lipoproteins. The major quantity of both lymph apolipoprotein A-I (81+/-8%) and apolipoprotein A-II (90+/ 11%) was found within high density lipoproteins with almost all of the remainder found in chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins. The combined results are consistent with a major contribution of the intestine to total body synthesis of apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-II. An important role of lymph in returning filtered apolipoprotein to plasma in association with high density lipoproteins is proposed. Accompanying the return of filtered apolipoprotein to the plasma is a probable transformation, both in size and composition, of at least some of the lymph high density lipoprotein(2b) and high density lipoprotein(2a) particles into high density lipoprotein(3). PMID- 7204561 TI - Peripheral metabolism of intact parathyroid hormone. Role of liver and kidney and the effect of chronic renal failure. AB - The plasma disappearance rate (metabolic clearance rate) of administered intact parathyroid hormone (intact PTH) was analyzed in awake dogs with indwelling hepatic and renal vein catheters. The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of intact PTH was found to be very rapid, 21.6 +/- 3.1 ml/min per kg in 11 normal dogs. The liver accounted for the greatest fraction of the MCR of intact PTH (61 +/- 4%) by virtue of an arterial minus venous (a - v) difference across the liver of 45 +/- 3%. The renal uptake of intact PTH accounted for 31 +/- 3% of the MCR of intact PTH. The renal a - v difference for intact PTH of 29 +/- 2% was significantly greater than the filtration fraction indicating renal uptake of intact PTH at sites independent of glomerular filtration. Together, the hepatic and renal clearances of intact PTH accounted for all but a small fraction of the MCR of intact PTH. The MCR of intact PTH, rendered biologically inactive by oxidation, was markedly decreased to 8.8 +/- 1 ml/min per kg. The a - v difference of oxidized intact PTH was reduced both in the liver and kidney. These data suggested that the high uptake rates of intact PTH are dependent, at least in part, upon sites recognizing only biologically active PTH. Chronic renal failure (CRF) decreased the MCR of intact PTH to 11.3 +/- 1.3 ml/min per kg (n = 10). Both the hepatic and renal a - v differences of intact PTH were reduced in dogs with CRF. This resulted in reductions in the hepatic and renal clearances of intact PTH. These studies identify the liver as a major extrarenal site of PTH metabolism affected by CRF. They suggest that CRF impairs the function of the major uptake sites involved in intact PTH metabolism. PMID- 7204562 TI - Human platelet stimulation by acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine. AB - Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) induced dose-dependent platelet aggregation and release of [3H]serotonin and platelet factor 4 in citrated human platelet-rich plasma. ADP scavengers or indomethacin prevented irreversible platelet aggregation responses induced by 0.2 microM AGEPC but had no effect upon platelet secretion; prostacyclin inhibited AGEPC-induced aggregation and secretion. EDTA or EGTA inhibited AGEPC-induced aggregation but had no effect on platelet secretion. PMID- 7204563 TI - Bilirubin kinetics in intact rats and isolated perfused liver. Evidence for hepatic deconjugation of bilirubin glucuronides. AB - Most previous compartmental models describing bilirubin transport and metabolism in the liver have been validated solely by analysis of the plasma disappearance of radiolabeled bilirubin in human subjects. We now have determined the transport kinetics of a bilirubin tracer pulse by analysis of plasma, liver, and bile radioactivity data from 30 intact rats. Plasma [3H]bilirubin disappearance was best described by the sum of three exponentials, and a six-compartment model, derived by simulation analysis, was necessary and adequate to describe all experimental data. Examination of the injected radiolabeled bilirubin by extraction with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and thin-layer chromatography revealed that 6.6% (mean) of the original pigment had been degraded to labeled nonbilirubin derivatives during preparation of the tracer dose. This material exhibited a significantly longer half-life (mean 50.6 min) of the plasma terminal exponential than that of authentic radiobilirubin (20.6 min). In isolated perfused rat liver, the kinetics of [3H]bilirubin in perfusate and bile readily fitted the proposed model. Compatibility of the model with the data obtained, both in the isolated liver and in vivo, required that a fraction of bilirubin conjugated in the liver be deconjugated and returned to the plasma. Deconjugation of bilirubin glucuronides was evaluated directly by infusion of bilirubin monoglucuronides, containing 14C in the glucuronosyl group, into rats with an external bile fistula. Since metabolic degradation of hydrolyzed 14C-labeled glucuronic acid yields 14CO2, this was measured in expired air. Whereas 86% of the administered labeled pigment was recovered in bile, 7% of the label appeared in 14CO2. These findings directly validate a portion of the proposed kinetic model and suggest that hepatic deconjugation of a small fraction of bilirubin glucuronides is a physiological event. Deconjugation may also account, at least in part, for the presence of increased concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin in the plasma of patients with cholestasis. PMID- 7204566 TI - Influence of hyperthyroidism on splanchnic exchange of glucose and gluconeogenic precursors. AB - Arterial concentrations and splanchnic exchange of glucose, amino acids, lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol were determined in 14 hyperthyroid patients and 12 healthy controls. Seven of the patients were restudied after 5-12 mo of medical management at which time there was chemical and clinical evidence of a euthyroid state. The arterial level of glucose was slightly higher (+10%) in the patient group and the glycerol concentration was three times greater among the patients. The plasma levels of the glycogenic amino acids, alanine, glycine, and serine were decreased by 20-30%, while the concentrations of leucine, isoleucine, and tyrosine were increased by 20-80%. The levels of lactate and pyruvate were similar in patients and controls as were insulin and glucagon concentrations. Splanchnic glucose output in the patient group was 35% lower than in controls. However, total splanchnic uptake of glucogenic precursors was 100% higher than in controls and showed a direct linear correlation with serum triiodothyronine. Total precursor uptake could account for 75% of splanchnic glucose output in the patients, compared to 26% in controls. The increase in uptake of lactate, alanine, and other amino acids was due to a 35-80% rise in splanchnic fractional extraction plus a 20% rise in estimated hepatic blood flow. When the patients were restudied after medical treatment splanchnic exchange of glucose and glucose precursors had reverted to normal values. The present findings demonstrate that in hyperthyroidism (a) total splanchnic glucose output is reduced in relation to controls, (b) splanchnic uptake of gluconeogenic precursors is accelerated, largely due to a rise in fractional extraction of precursor substrates and to a smaller extent, as a result of an increase in hepatic blood flow, and (c) these changes revert to normal when a euthyroid state has been achieved. PMID- 7204565 TI - Role of retrograde His Purkinje block in the initiation of supraventricular tachycardia by ventricular premature stimulation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - The precise mechanisms for paroxysmal reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) initiation during right ventricular premature stimulation (V(2) method) were analyzed in 14 consecutive patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome in whom the PSVT was inducible during retrograde refractory period studies. 9 patients had left-sided and the remaining 5 of 14 had right-sided ventriculo atrial (VA) accessory pathway (AP). At the basic cycle lengths (V(1)V(1)) ranging from 550 to 900 ms (mean, 657.1+/-139.5), closely coupled V(2) (mean V(1)V(2), 357.3+/-59.2 ms, range 320-500) produced retrograde His bundle (H(2)) activation via the bundle branches and retrograde atrial (A(2)) activation via the AP. As the V(1)V(2) were further shortened, the V(2) showed a retrograde block in the His Purkinje system (HPS) and conducted to the atria via AP in 9 of 14 cases. Subsequently, the A(2) impulse conducted anterograde over the atrioventricular node-HPS to initiate a PSVT or an atrial echo response in all nine cases. In none of the patients was a PSVT induced by V(2) when the latter produced retrograde H(2) activation via the bundle branches. In 10 of 14 cases, however, the retrograde H(2) was followed by a V(3), due to macroreentry in the HPS. The V(3) in turn blocked retrogradely in the HPS while producing A(3) via the AP to initiate a PSVT or an atrial echo response in 9 of 10 cases. Retrograde block of V(2) and/or V(3) in the HPS resulted in PSVT initiation in 13 of 14 cases, whereas in the remaining 1 case the exact mechanism was not clear. In none of the patients in this series was the PSVT initiated with a retrograde block of V(2) in the atrioventricular node with or without concomitant retrograde A(2) activation via the AP. We conclude that within the ranges of cycle lengths tested, a retrograde block of V(2) and/or V(3) in the HPS is the most common mechanism for initiation of PSVT during ventricular premature stimulation in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. PMID- 7204564 TI - Deleterious influence of hypothyroidism on evolving myocardial infarction in conscious dogs. AB - To study the influence of hypometabolism on evolving myocardial infarction in a model with intact autoregulation, we investigated 53 awake dogs after coronary artery occlusion. Severe hypothyroidism was induced by the intravenous administration of 131I. Animals were instrumented to obtain hemodynamic measurements, and regional myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. Infarct size was determined by the creatine kinase depletion method, and dysrhythmia analysis was performed from 24-h Holter monitor tapes in animals matched for infarct size. The microarchitecture of hypothyroid myocardium was determined by the electron microscope. Before coronary occlusion, mean systemic pressure in hypothyroid dogs was reduced by 14% and cardiac output reduced by 32%, with no change in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, first derivative of left ventricular pressure rise, (dP/dt), or heart rate. After coronary occlusion, there was deterioration in hemodynamic measurements in both groups, with lower absolute levels of mean systemic blood pressure and cardiac output obtained in hypothyroid dogs. Hypothyroidism was detrimental to evolving infarction with a 36% increase in infarct size present in hypothyroid dogs (30 +/ 2%) compared to euthyroid controls (22 +/- 3%), P less than 0.05. Dysrhythmias were more severe in hypothyroid dogs. There were no changes in the relationship between regional myocardial blood flow and the extent of infarction after coronary occlusion. Abnormalities in microarchitecture were present in hypothyroid dog myocardium. Severe hypometabolism in this model was associated with alterations in hemodynamics, more severe dysrhythmias and changes in microarchitecture. The combined effect of these alterations resulted in an overall detrimental influence of hypothyroidism on evolving myocardial necrosis in this model. PMID- 7204568 TI - Lysinuric protein intolerance. Basolateral transport defect in renal tubuli. AB - In patients with an autosomal recessive diamino acid transport disorder, lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), we measured plasma and urinary amino acids basally, and during intravenous infusion of citrulline at two rates. Compared with controls, the patients' plasma citrulline concentrations rose similarly, but urinary citrulline excretion increased excessively. Their plasma arginine and ornithine levels rose subnormally, but massive argininuria and moderate ornithinuria appeared. The excretion rates of the third diamino acid lysine and other amino acids remained practically unaltered, thus excluding mutual competition as the cause for the increases. The results suggest that (a) in the normal kidney reabsorption involves partial conversion of citrulline to arginine and ornithine (metabolic run-out), (b) in LPI, the diamino acid transport defect is located at the basolateral cell membrane of the renal tubules; this inhibits the efflux of arginine and ornithine, increasing their cellular concentration, which in turn inhibits the metabolic disposal of citrulline, and causes leakage of arginine, ornithine, and citrulline into the tubular lumen. PMID- 7204567 TI - Complement-derived chemotactic activity is generated in human serum containing uroporphyrin after irradiation with 405 nm light. AB - Patients with porphyrias have varying degrees of photosensitivity, associated with elevated levels of porphyrins in plasma, erythrocyte, urine and/or feces. To investigate the role of complement in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lesions, varying amounts of uroporphyrin were added to normal human serum (0.1-10 microgram/ml), and the mixtures were then exposed to 405 nm irradiation. Such treatments result in the diminution of total hemolytic complement activity and hemolytic titers of C1, C4, C2, C3, and C5; furthermore, cleavage products of C3 and C5 were detected. Chemotactic activity for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was generated that was inhibitable by incubation with anti-C5, but not with anti C3 antisera. No chemotactic activity was generated in Mg++-EGTA treated serum nor in C4-deficient guinea pig serum. These data indicate that irradiation with 405 nm light of normal human serum containing uroporphyrin results in activation of the complement system via the classical pathway, and the generation of complement (C5)-derived chemotactic activity for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7204569 TI - Increased thirst and plasma arginine vasopressin levels during 2-deoxy-D-glucose induced glucoprivation in humans. AB - Insulin-induced hypoglycemia by unknown mechanism(s) increases plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels in humans. Mechanisms for increased AVP levels during central nervous system glucoprivation were investigated by administering 20-min i.v. infusions of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (50 mg/kg), a competitive inhibitor of glucose utilization, or normal saline (sham), to 24 normal volunteers. Some of the infusions were administered in combination with neuropharmacological blocking agents (placebo). The behavioral, physiological, metabolic, and hormonal correlates of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG)-induced gluco-privation and AVP secretion were studied in a group (n = 5) pretreated for 1 wk with either mazindol (1 mg per os three times per day), a potent norepinephrine and dopamine-reuptake blocker, or placebo. A second group (n = 5) received either propranolol (3 mg/3 min followed by 80 mug/min) or normal saline infusion before and during 2DG administration. With 2DG alone, plasma AVP levels increased from 1.3+/-0.3 pg/ml at base line to a peak of 4.5+/-1.4 pg/ml at 60 min and remained elevated for 150 min. From 30 to 180 min after 2DG administration, the 2DG-infused volunteers increased their water intake in comparison with sham-infused volunteers. Marked increases in epinephrine and slight increases in norepinephrine were associated with increases in plasma glucose and renin activity and decreases in plasma potassium. Plasma sodium and osmolality increased transiently and mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell. These changes, however, were small and inconstant and could not account for the observed increases in thirst and AVP levels. Pretreatment with mazindol prevented the decrease in MAP and the increase in plasma renin activity (PRA) following 2DG infusions without modifying increased thirst, water intake, or AVP responses to glucoprivation. Pretreatment with propranolol effectively blocked beta-adrenoreceptors as evidenced by increased MAP and plasma epinephrine, and abolition of the RPA increases during 2DG-induced glycoprivation, but did not suppress AVP and thirst responses. A cervical cord sectioned patient lacking descending sympathetic out-flow had a potentiated thirst response to 2DG-induced glucoprivation in the absence of increases in sodium, catecholamines, and PRA. Thus 2DG administration activates mechanisms for increased thirst and AVP which are unrelated to changes in peripheral catecholamines, MAP, PRA, and osmolality. PMID- 7204570 TI - Maternal thyroid function is the major determinant of amniotic fluid 3,3',5' triiodothyronine in the rat. AB - 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, (rT(3)), is easily measured in human amniotic fluid (AF) during the second and third trimesters. To determine if AF rT(3) levels are maintained by either maternal or fetal thyroid function, or both, models of fetal hypothyroidism (FH), maternal hypothyroidism (MH), and combined maternal and fetal hypothyroidism (MFH) were developed in pregnant rats. Hormone analyses of maternal and fetal serum and AF were performed at term. Thyroxine (T(4)) and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T(3)) were not detectable in the sera and AF of term fetuses in all groups. MFH rats were prepared by administration of methimazole to the dams, and in some experiments, by maternal thyroidectomy and a low iodine diet as well. In the MFH groups from the three experiments serum thyrotropin (TSH) was markedly elevated in the dams and in the fetuses. FH rats were prepared by administering T(4) by various routes to dams treated according to the MFH protocols and serum TSH was elevated in fetal serum. Analysis of FH maternal serum T(4), T(3), and TSH concentrations suggested mild maternal hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism depending upon the schedule of T(4) administration. The MH groups were prepared by maternal thyroidectomy and in all experiments the fetuses had normal serum TSH concentrations. The degree of maternal hypothyroidism in the MH and MFH groups was equivalent. The mean concentration of AF rT(3) in normal rats in three experiments was 28.4+/-2.5 ng/dl (+/-SEM). In the three experiments, AF rT(3) was undetectable or markedly reduced in the MH and MFH rats and was normal in the FH rats. These results in the amniotic fluid could not be explained by transfer of rT(3) from fetal serum to the AF because fetal serum rT(3) concentrations in these various models did not correlate with AF rT(3) concentration. Furthermore, infusion of large doses of rT(3) in MFH dams resulted in a 35-fold elevation in maternal serum rT(3) concentration, a twofold elevation in fetal serum rT(3) concentration, and only a minimal increase in AF rT(3). These studies demonstrated that, in the rat, the maternal thyroid has the dominant role in maintaining AF rT(3), whereas little effect of fetal thyroid status on AF rT(3) could be demonstrated. Transfer of maternal rT(3) or of fetal rT(3) derived from maternal T(4) to the AF do not appear to be the mechanisms whereby the maternal thyroid maintains AF rT(3). PMID- 7204571 TI - Sodium-coupled taurocholate transport in the proximal convolution of the rat kidney in vivo and in vitro. AB - Using the standing droplet technique in the renal proximal convolution and simultaneous microperfusion of the peritubular capillaries, the zero net flux transtubular concentration difference of taurocholate (DeltaC(TC-)) at 45 s was determined as a measure of active bile acid reabsorption in vivo. Starting with 0.1 mmol/liter taurocholate in both perfusates the control DeltaC(TC-) of 0.042 mmol/liter fell to 0.006 mmol/liter (P < 0.001) when the Na(+) concentration in the perfusates was reduced to zero. Removal of bicarbonate from the perfusates to alter pH had no influence on DeltaC(TC-). When glycocholate was added to the perfusates DeltaC(TC-) was decreased, while probenecid increased DeltaC(TC-). These observations were extended by studies performed with brush border membrane vesicles derived from renal cortex. The initial (20 s) uptake of 0.01 mmol/liter taurocholate in the presence of a Na(o) (+) > Na(i) (+) gradient was stimulated twofold compared with its uptake in the absence of a Na(+) gradient. Uptake of taurocholate was osmotically and temperature sensitive. Membranes preloaded with unlabeled glycocholate showed accelerated entry of labeled taurocholate (trans stimulation) only in the presence of Na(+). Replacement of Na(+) in the media with K(+), Li(+), and choline(+) decreased initial taurocholate uptake by 49, 53, and 62%, respectively. Stimulation of taurocholate transport by cation gradient diffusion potentials was unlikely inasmuch as the addition of valinomycin under K(+) gradient conditions had no effect. A transmembrane pH gradient (pH(o) < pH(i)) did not influence initial uptake of taurocholate. Finally, in the presence of Na(+) taurocholate transport showed cis-inhibition with unlabeled bile acids and saturation kinetics with respect to increasing taurocholate concentrations. The micropuncture and vesicle data indicate that the net transport of taurocholate in the proximal tubule is the result of an electroneutral Na(+) taurocholate cotransport across the brush border membrane. PMID- 7204572 TI - Studies on the liver to kidney switch of erythropoietin production. AB - Although the liver is the major site of erythropoietin (Ep) production in the fetus, this function is assumed by kidneys in the adult. The mechanisms underlying the liver to kidney switch of Ep formation are not understood. We studied the natural progression of this transition in sheep by measuring Ep production in response to anemia in normal and bilaterally nephrectomized fetal and newborn sheep beginning at about 80 d gestation (normal gestation: 140 d). Removal of both kidneys before induction of anemia did not affect Ep formation up to about 120 d of gestation. A significant reduction (29%, P < 0.02) in Ep synthesis was first noted at about 130 d of gestation (initiation of switch). This level of nephrectomy-induced reduction of Ep formation persisted until about 15 d after birth. Thereafter, bilateral nephrectomy caused further significant decreases (P < 0.05) in Ep production, gradually resulting in near total absence of Ep production at about day 40 postpartum (completion of switch). Chronic administration of testosterone (12 mg/wk) or estradiole benzoate (1.5 mg/d, 5 d/wk) to the fetus/newborn beginning at 85-90 d of gestation enhanced or suppressed erythropoiesis, respectively, but failed to affect the time at which the liver to kidney switch was initiated and/or completed. By contrast, a significant delay (P < 0.001) in the onset, but not completion of the switch occurred in animals that were either thyroidectomized or rendered chronically anemic beginning in the second third of the gestation period. Administration of thyroxin (1.2 mg/d, 5 d/wk) to thyroidectomized fetus/newborns not only prevented the delay in the initiation of the switch, but also accelerated the rate at which the switch was completed. These results demonstrate that in sheep (a) the liver to kidney switch of Ep production is initiated in utero during the last third of the gestation period, but is completed after birth, (b) this transition occurs gradually; the assumption of Ep producing capacity by the kidney is not preceded by an abrupt loss of hepatic Ep formation; and (c) the switch is not affected by changes in sex hormone levels during the prenatal-postnatal growth periods, but is profoundly influenced by alterations in thyroid hormone and oxygen supply demand levels. PMID- 7204573 TI - Demonstration of active potassium transport in the mammalian colon. AB - The mechanism responsible for K transport in the mammalian colon is controversial. Experiments were performed to determine whether K secretion involves active as well as passive driving forces in controls and in animals with a marked increase in K secretion. In these experiments a steady-state solution was established in proximal and distal colon of both control rats and animals fed a K-enriched diet during in vivo luminal perfusion, to compare the observed luminal [K] with predicted equilibrium [K] when net water and electrolyte movement approached zero. Transmural potential difference was measured simultaneously. A difference between the predicted equilibrium and observed luminal [K] under this condition indicates active transport. In controls the observed [K] of 20 mmol/liter in proximal colon markedly exceeded the predicted value of 6.2 +/- 0.3, mean +/- SE, indicating active secretion. In contrast, the observed [K] in distal colon of 5 mmol/liter was less than predicted (10.0 +/- 1.0), suggesting active absorption. In K-loaded animals active K secretion was demonstrable and increase above control in both segments of colon. In proximal colon the observed [K] rose to 40 mmol/liter, compared to a predicted value of 7.2 +/- 0.3, whereas in distal colon the observed [K] was 50 mmol/liter vs. a predicted value of 7.0 +/- 0.8. These studies suggest active K secretion in proximal, but not in distal colon of control animals. Further, these data suggest that the increase in the capacity for K secretion that occurs in response to chronic K loading involves stimulation of an active mechanism in both proximal and distal colon. PMID- 7204574 TI - Interactions between angiotensin peptides and the sympathetic nervous system mediating intestinal sodium and water absorption in the rat. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the locus of interaction of angiotensin peptides with the sympathetic nervous system leading to alterations in jejunal sodium and water transport. At low physiological doses, angiotensin II (AII) stimulates jejunal sodium and water absorption, while at high doses peptide inhibits absorption and/or stimulates secretion. Both the stimulation of jejunal transport and the inhibition of absorption were expressed in adrenalectomized rats. However, the stimulation of jejunal water absorption was abolished and a potentiated inhibition of transport was expressed in peripherally sympathectomized rats (intact adrenal medulla) and in normal rats after administration of guanethadine, phentolamine, and prazosin. The angiotensin analog (Sar1 Leu8)-AII has low efficacy and is a potent competitive antagonist of the parent peptide in pressor and myotropic systems, but is a full agonist with even greater potency than AII in stimulating jejunal transport. The increased water transport in response to (Sar1 Leu8)-AII is not secondary to enhanced renal renin release, as the analog also stimulated jejunal transport in the presence of captopril and after bilateral nephrectomy. The stimulation of absorption in response to (Sar1 Leu8)-AII alone or together with AII was abolished by phentolamine. These data demonstrate that AII-increased intestinal absorption is secondary to the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings in the jejunum and that AII inhibition of absorption is not mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. The analog (Sar1 Leu8)-AII is a full agonist in the stimulation of jejunal transport (increased norepinephrine release), but antagonizes the inhibitory response to high doses of AII. Angiotensin peptides are potent modulators of intestinal sodium and water absorption. PMID- 7204575 TI - Maturational patterns of iodothyronine phenolic and tyrosyl ring deiodinase activities in rat cerebrum, cerebellum, and hypothalamus. AB - To explore the control of thyroid hormone metabolism in brain during maturation, we have measured iodothyronine deiodination in homogenates of rat cerebrum, cerebellum, and hypothalamus from 1 d postnatally through adulthood. Homogenates were incubated with (125)I-l-thyroxine (T(4)) + [(131)I]3,5,3'-l-triiodothyronine (T(3)) + 100 mM dithiothreitol. Nonradioactive T(4), T(3), and 3,3',5' triiodothyronine (rT(3)) were included, as appropriate. The net production rate of [(125)I]T(3) from T(4) in 1-d cerebral homogenates was similar to the rate in adult cerebral homogenates (9.9+/-2.5[SEM]% vs. 8.9+/-1.2% T(4) to T(3) conversion in 2 h). Production of T(3) was not detectable in 1-d cerebellar and hypothalamic homogenates. The net T(3) production rate in adult cerebellar homogenates was twice as great as, and that in adult hypothalamic homogenates similar to, the rate in cerebral homogenates. Tyrosyl ring deiodination rates of T(4) and T(3) were more than three times as great in cerebral homogenates from 1 d-old rats as in adult cerebral homogenates. In cerebellar homogenates from 1-d old rats, tyrosyl ring deiodination rates were much greater than the rates in adult cerebellar homogenates, but less than those in 1-d cerebral homogenates. In 1-d hypothalamic homogenates, tyrosyl ring deiodination rates were the highest of all the tissues tested, whereas rates in adult hypothalamic homogenates were similar to those in adult cerebral homogenates. During maturation, T(4) 5' deiodination rates increased after 7 d and exceeded adult rates between 14 and 35 d in cerebral and cerebellar homogenates, and at 28 and 35 d in hypothalamic homogenates. In cerebral homogenates, the peak in reaction rate at 28 d reflected an increase in the maximum enzyme activity (V(max)) of the reaction. T(4) and T(3) tyrosyl ring deiodination rates decreased progressively with age down to adult rates, which were attained at 14 d for cerebrum and cerebellum and at 28 d for hypothalamus. These studies demonstrate quantitative differences in T(4) 5' deiodinase activities in cerebrum, cerebellum, and hypothalamus at all ages, with the overall maturational pattern differing from the developmental patterns of both the pituitary and hepatic T(4) 5'-deiodinases. Iodothyronine tyrosyl ring deiodinase activities also vary quantitatively among these same brain regions and exhibit a pattern and a time-course of maturation different from that of the T(4) 5'-deiodinase. These enzymes could have important roles in the regulation of intracellular T(3) concentrations and, hence, on the expression of thyroid hormone effects. PMID- 7204576 TI - Cyclosporin a. Inhibition of experimental autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats. AB - Cyclosporin A (CS-A), a selective inhibitor of T lymphocytes, is reported here to prevent S antigen (S-Ag) induced uveitis in Lewis rats. The S-Ag, found in all mammalian retinas, is uveitogenic under experimental conditions and patients with certain uveitic entities demonstrate cell mediated responses to this antigen. Daily treatment with CS-A (10 mg/kg) begun on the same day as S-Ag immunization totally inhibited the development of the uveitis in this experimental autoimmune model. Moreover a greater CS-A dose (40 mg/kg) efficiently prevented the disease process when therapy was started 7 d after S-Ag immunization. Anti-S-Ag antibody titers were observed to be similar in rats either protected or not protected with CS-A. Our data support strongly the need for T cell participation in this disease model. Since ocular inflammatory disease is an important cause of visual impairment, the data further suggest that CS-A may be useful in the treatment of patients with intractable uveitis. PMID- 7204578 TI - Vascular effects of arginine vasopressin during fluid deprivation in the rat. AB - The vascular effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) were examined in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats. In six control rats, synthetic AVP at a dose of 40 ng/kg, injected as an intravenous bolus, resulted in a rise in mean arterial blood pressure (BP) from 127 to 149 mm Hg (P < 0.005). No tachyphylaxis was observed after a second AVP bolus administered 30 min later, as BP increased from 125 to 150 mm Hg, P < 0.005. In a second group of six rats, 1-deamino penicillamine, 2 (O-methyl) tyrosine AVP ([dPTyr (Me)]AVP), was administered intravenously at a dose of 10 mug/kg, just before the second AVP bolus. In this group of studies BP rose from 124 to 150 mm Hg (P < 0.01) after the first AVP bolus, but not after the second AVP bolus, which was administered after [dPTyr (Me)]AVP (129 vs. 129 mm Hg, NS). To assess the effect of this AVP pressor antagonist on BP in rats with suppressed endogenous vasopressin, six water-diuresing rats (mean urinary osmolality, 99 mosmol/kg H(2)O) were administered the analogue at the same dose as the first group of rats. The analogue exerted no demonstrable effect on mean BP (128 before vs. 129 mm Hg after [dPTyr (Me)]AVP, NS). In these rats, mean radioimmunoassayable levels of AVP were at or below the detectable limits of our assay (0.5 pg/ml). In contrast, six rats in which endogenous AVP was stimulated by fluid deprivation for 24 h (mean urinary osmolality, 2,489 mosmol/kg H(2)O and mean AVP level of 21.6 pg/ml) had a marked fall in BP when administered the AVP analogue. In these animals [dPTyr (Me)]AVP caused a fall in BP from 124 to 110 mm Hg (P < 0.005). This fall in blood pressure was due to a fall in peripheral vascular resistance (0.35 vs. 0.30 mm Hg/ml per min per kg, P < 0.02) after [dPTyr (Me)]AVP, as cardiac index remained unchanged. To eliminate the possibility that this AVP analogue was antagonistic to endogenous pressor substances other than AVP, additional studies were performed. In homozygous Brattleboro (diabetes insipidus) rats receiving exogenous AVP, the vasopressin analogue lowered BP (133 to 112 mm Hg, P < 0.001), but failed to lower BP (112 vs. 112 mm Hg) in rats not receiving AVP. BP in a group of bilaterally nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats, after 24 h of fluid deprivation, fell from 130 to 118 mm Hg (P < 0.02) after the AVP analogue, precluding an effect of the analogue on lowering BP by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. Finally, the AVP analogue failed to alter the pressor response to exogenous infusions of either norepinephrine or angiotensin II. These results demonstrate that (a) the AVP analogue [dPTyr (Me)]AVP abolishes the pressor effect of large exogenous doses of AVP; (b) the analogue has no effect on BP in rats with suppressed or absent endogenous AVP; (c) the depressor effect of the analogue does not involve antagonism of the vasoconstrictors, norepinephrine or angiotensin; and (d) most importantly, BP fell significantly after AVP antagonist administration in intact, conscious, fluid-deprived rats with elevated endogenous AVP levels. This effect of the AVP antagonist to block endogenous AVP and lower BP was primarily due to a fall in peripheral vascular resistance. PMID- 7204581 TI - Internal-external control and weight loss in the obese: predictive and discriminant validity and some possible clinical implications. AB - It is argued that the locus of control dimension relates to various aspects of noncompliance with health-related advice. Among a sample (N = 131) of obese females following a behavioral weight loss program a measure of perceived personal control significantly predicted outcome. Internals and externals did not differ in cumulative weight loss early in the program, but did so from 8 weeks on; internals achieved greater mean weight loss. The internal control orientation was associated with higher extraversion and self-acceptance, but neither of these other variables correlated with weight loss. Clinical and theoretical implications of the interaction with time are discussed. PMID- 7204579 TI - In vivo effects of protease inhibitors on chickens with hereditary muscular dystrophy. AB - Beginning on day 4 ex ovo, and every 3 d thereafter, genetically dystrophic Line 413 chickens were given intraperitoneal injections (4 mg/kg body wt) of a protease inhibitor, leupeptin, pepstatin, or antipain. Experimental chickens received protease inhibitors dissolved in a water:ethanol:dimethyl sulfoxide solution (50:40:10, vol:vol:vol). Control untreated animals received diluent injections. Untreated dystrophic chickens typically reach around day 30 ex ovo a maximum ability to right from the supine position in a standardized functional test for muscle weakness. After day 30 ex ovo, the dystrophic chickens are found to decline progressively in their ability to right, compared with normal, nondystrophic controls, which have an unimpaired ability to right. Concomitantly, dystrophic chickens exhibit characteristically high levels of plasma creatine phosphokinase enzyme activity. In addition, an increased frequency of degenerating, regenerating, and vacuolated myofibers, and inflammatory cells appear in the affected pectoralis major muscles from the dystrophic chicken. Throughout the duration of the trial, there was no major enhancement in the functional righting ability of dystrophic chickens receiving any one of the protease inhibitors tested. However, there was a significant reduction in the abnormally high levels of plasma creatine phosphokinase in the treated chickens. Also, there was an apparent reduction in the mean number of vacuolated fibers in the pectoralis muscle from the protease inhibitor-treated birds. No significant reductions were observed in the relative frequency of degenerating and regenerating myofibers or inflammatory cells. In addition to the plasma creatine phosphokinase decrease, however, therapeutic benefit was seen in 31.0, 30.5, and 14.8% increases in the wet weight (and total noncollagen protein) of pectoralis muscle from dystrophic chickens receiving leupeptin, pepstatin or antipain, respectively. PMID- 7204580 TI - The role of the spleen in experimental pneumococcal bacteremia. AB - The importance of the spleen in host defense against pneumococcal bacteremia has been suggested by a number of experimental models as well as the occurrence of the syndrome of overwhelming pneumococcal sepsis in asplenic individuals. We studied the mechanism of splenic protection against pneumococcal bacteremia using a guinea pig model. Rates of removal of pneumococci from the blood stream in normal and splenectomized guinea pigs were compared with the extent of hepatic and splenic sequestration of radiolabeled organisms for three different types of pneumococci. A relationship was found between the virulence of a pneumococcus for normal guinea pigs, the extent to which it is cleared by the spleen, and the magnitude of the defect in blood stream sterilization induced by splenectomy. The spleen plays an increasingly important role in the clearance of progressively more virulent organisms, for which hepatic clearance cannot compensate. Thus, the division between hepatic and splenic clearance of bacteremia is a key determinant of the outcome of experimental pneumococcal infection. PMID- 7204577 TI - Increased erythrocyte cation permeability in thalassemia and conditions of marrow stress. AB - Calcium and sodium permeability of erythrocytes from patients with untransfused alpha- or beta- thalassemia major has been studied and compared to mature erythrocytes or control cells with comparable reticulocytosis. Isotopic Na(+) influx was increased a mean fourfold greater than normals and threefold greater than reticulocyte rich control. Passive net leak of Na(+) into thalassemic cells incubated with ouabain was also increased corresponding to their greater (22)Na(+) influx. Erythrocyte Na(+) and K(+) concentrations and cell water content per unit volume of cells were normal. Quantitation of active cation pumps in the cell membrane by the technique of [(3)H]ouabain binding showed a 2.6- to 9.9-fold increase above normal. Inward Ca(2+) movement was studied in cells with absent Ca(2+) pumping produced by depletion of either ATP or Mg(2+)-ions. Calcium uptake by ATP depleted thalassemic cells was increased 12-fold above normals and 3.6-fold above reticulocyte-rich controls. The Ca(2+) uptake by Mg(2+)-depleted thalassemic cells was also increased above normal confirming that erythrocyte Ca(2+) permeability is increased in this disease. Osmotic fragility measurements show that the surface area to volume ratio of thalassemic erythrocytes was increased by 15 to 25% above mature erythrocytes. The increased passive cation permeability of thalassemic erythrocytes cannot be explained by either reticulocytosis or an increased surface area to volume ratio of these cells. Moreover, erythrocyte Na(+) and Ca(2+) influxes in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA type 2) were increased 2- and 14-fold, respectively, above normal. The increased cation fluxes and cation pump numbers in thalassemic and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia erythrocytes are consistent with the hypothesis of membrane immaturity arising from rapid marrow transit times, a concept previously advanced to explain the persistence of i-antigen on these cells. PMID- 7204582 TI - Relationship between contrived in vivo and role-play assertive behavior. AB - Used a 2 (High or Low Assertive) x 2 (Role-Play or Contrived In Vivo) design to investigate the external validity of role-play (N = 32). The Conflict Resolution Inventory was used as the selection device. Results indicated a positive relationship between self-report scores and role-play behavior. They also indicated that self-report scores were not predictive of behavior in the contrived in vivo condition; moreover, assertion was enhanced in the role-play condition, while the converse occurred in the contrived in vivo condition. The results indicate that generalizations to more naturalistic settings based upon role-play or self-report scores must be made with caution. PMID- 7204583 TI - Clinical observations on group composition tested by simulated groups in the laboratory. AB - Examined the effect of the presence of a model (our confederate) on the subsequent success or failure of Ss in 3-person groups to effect a plan of behavioral change with regard to assertion deficits. For half the groups, the model expressed warmth, for half the absence of warmth (coldness). For half of each of these she was successful in effecting her change plan; for half she was not successful. Ss clearly distinguished warm from cold models, but only marginally differentiated successful from failure models. Warmth in the person of the model was found to be a significant determinant of S behavioral change. The results and enthusiastic S participation suggest that this paradigm deserves further study. PMID- 7204584 TI - Description and application of an evaluation scheme for assessment from a decision-making perspective. AB - Described a scheme for evaluating the utility of test data in decision-making. The scheme, which is based upon a dispositional model of assessment, asks three sequential, binary questions about the total assessment procedure. The three questions focus on whether meaningful referral questions are asked, whether an accurate understanding of the client is achieved, and whether the available interventions are related effectively to the individual client's needs. The scheme is applied to a group of vocational rehabilitation clients (N = 58) from a rural area. Results showed the scheme to be reliable in evaluating the results of the assessments. The categorization showed a surprisingly high percentage of cases in which no meaningful referral questions were asked. Further, the scheme highlighted the differences between a diagnostic model of testing and dispositional assessment. For example, requiring the assessor to understand the treatment context as well as the client results in a more conservative estimate of the assessments' successes. It also results in evaluations that are more meaningful in terms of meeting the client's goals. Finally possible effects of the rural context in which the assessments were conducted on the types of errors made were discussed. PMID- 7204585 TI - Perceived effectiveness of religious solutions to personal problems. AB - Investigated (N = 151) the perceived effectiveness of religious solutions for personal problems. Two independent variables were manipulated. One was type of problem, with one problem being a life-threatening physical problem and one problem being a psychological/adjustment problem. The other variable was type of solution with three types of religious solutions (church attendance, prayer, involvement with a group emphasizing intense emotional religious experience) and an informational solution (reading to learn more about the problem). Religious solutions were less highly valued than the informational solution; there was no difference in perceived utility among the religious solutions; and religious solutions were seen as more reasonable with a physical, life-threatening problem than with a psychological problem although they were paradoxically seen as less indicative of need for professional help for a psychological problem than for a physical problem. PMID- 7204586 TI - Agoraphobia: a situational analysis. AB - Examined previous notions about the nature of agoraphobia. A contrast of emphasis was found between those who regarded it primarily as a situational fear and others who saw it essentially as a product of some underlying anxiety. A more precise situational analysis was attempted that focused on six variables: Unaccompanied vs. with someone, distance from home, familiarity of location, crowdedness, type of location, and time spent. One hundred and twenty-eight situation descriptions were generated by factorially combining the different levels of each variable. The items thus produced were assembled randomly into a questionnaire that was completed by 30 agoraphobic patients. The importance of the contribution of each variable to the rated fear-provoking potential of the situation description was analyzed. Results were discussed in terms of the agoraphobic as typically dependent upon a significant other, and treatment implications were examined. PMID- 7204587 TI - Depression and self-esteem: an investigation that used behavioral and cognitive approaches to the treatment of clinically depressed clients. AB - Investigated the relative effectiveness of the behavioral and cognitive approaches to the treatment of depression using clinically depressed clients and the relationship between self-esteem and depression before and after treatment. Sixteen depressed patients matched for sex, age, and levels of depression were involved. Ss were assigned to either the cognitive or the behavioral treatment groups. Three weeks' baseline followed by 8 weeks' treatment programme was given to Ss in each group. The results of the statistical analysis show that both treatment groups are effective in alleviating depression, but the cognitive treatment group improved at a faster rate than the behavioral group. No significant correlation between self-esteem and depression was observed at baseline. However, a significant inverse correlation was observed at posttreatment and follow-up. The findings showed that both behavioral and cognitive approaches were effective in the treatment of depression. However, the cognitive approach was slightly better than the behavioral approach. PMID- 7204588 TI - Brief synopsis of the utility of MMPI short forms. PMID- 7204589 TI - Correspondence of the MMPI and the MMPI-168 with intestinal bypass surgery patients. AB - Explored the degree of correspondence between the MMPI-168 and the standard form MMPI in a sample of 161 female intestinal bypass surgery patients. The MMPI-168 was extracted from the standard form, and appropriate comparisons indicated high correspondence at the group level; however, considerable differences between the two forms emerged in analyses of individual profile pairs. Although evidence for its use as a screening device to identify those individuals who may be experiencing significant psychological problems is offered, the analyses indicated that the two forms should not be considered equivalent in this setting. PMID- 7204591 TI - The classification of patients into diagnostic groups using cluster analysis. AB - The use of cluster analysis for the classification of patients into diagnostic groups remains controversial. Further evidence is provided for assessing the use of cluster analysis in comparison with other multivariate methods. It is suggested that, when appropriately used, cluster analysis is a convenient tool for developing empirically based diagnostic groupings and that the frequently stated limitations of the technique should not invalidate the obtained groupings in such cases. PMID- 7204590 TI - Prognostic validity of the MMPI. AB - Attempted to determine the degree to which the MMPI has prognostic validity for psychiatric patients diagnosed as schizophrenic (N = 41). Patient records were analyzed with multiple regression techniques using the MMPI scales as the independent variables and length of hospital stay as the dependent measure. It was found that certain MMPI scales were highly significant and powerful predictors of length of hospital stay, which indicates that the MMPI does indeed have validity as a quantitative predictor of prognosis in clinical situations. Particularly, the two scales with the highest predictive power, Sc and D, were inversely related concerning clinical outcome. PMID- 7204592 TI - Expression of anger as a function of assertiveness and sex. AB - Examined differences between asserters and nonasserters and between the sexes on anger expression. Thirty-seven male and 53 female college students were administered the College Self-Expression Scale, the Buss Durkee Hostility Inventory, and the Anger Self-Report. As hypothesized, asserters and males expressed more anger and aggression, and nonasserters experienced more covert anger. The clinical/treatment implications of these findings were discussed. A finding discrepant with previous research and the present researchers' expectations, that men scored higher than women on guilt and condemnation of anger, was thought to reflect this study's sample rather than an actual population difference. PMID- 7204593 TI - A checklist for measuring nonfunctional behavior of regressed chronic psychiatric patients. AB - Devised a checklist to measure the ability of regressed chronic, psychiatric patients to perform skills of daily living because no other scale found was appropriate for measuring the behavior of such patients (N = 73). Areas assessed by the checklist were eating habits, grooming, dressing, inappropriate social behavior, and uncooperative behavior. Reliability was high, and the checklist was a valid measured of change. PMID- 7204594 TI - Assessing various coping strategies and their effects on test performance and anxiety. AB - Investigated the use of cognitive coping strategies in meeting the stressfulness of a testing situation and the relation of these strategies to performance and test anxiety. Sixty-seven students completed a measure of cognitive (worry) and physiological-affective (emotionality) components of test anxiety immediately before and after a course examination. A 30-item questionnaire was designed to measure cognitive methods of coping. In addition to the use of correlations, students were grouped according to their predominant coping strategy, and group differences were examined via analyses of variance. Rationalization and isolation were associated with better performance, preoccupation and resignation with higher anxiety and poorer performance, and denial with lower anxiety. PMID- 7204595 TI - Comparison of response formats for the Depression Adjective Check Lists. AB - Studied potential checking and response bias on the Depression Adjective Check Lists (DACL) by comparing the scores of 144 college students on three administration formats: True-false, forced-choice, and standard format. The DACL scores on the three formats were interrelated significantly with one another as well as with an independent measure of state depression of college students (CID). Correlations between the number of depressive adjectives checked and the depression score were significant in the true-false format, but not in the standard format. This argues against the use of the true-false format of the DACL. However, in demonstrating only a weak social desirability response bias, and in failing to reveal the existence of a checking bias, the results give further credence to the use of the standard format. PMID- 7204596 TI - WIST predictions of brain damage: a follow-up to Albott and Gilbert. AB - As a continuation of diagnostic issues raised by Albott and Gilbert (1973), the present study is an examination of the relative strengths and limitations of the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST) as an indicator of brain damage (N = 59). Specifically, the WIST demonstrated power to avoid false predictions of brain damage and accuracy in predicting brain damage when WIST "signs" are present. A substantial proportion of false negative predictions (no brain damage) indicates that the WIST is not a "test of/for organicity." PMID- 7204598 TI - A review of the performance of aged adults on various Wechsler Memory Scale subtests. AB - The literature reveals that few studies have reported the performance of aged, normal adults on various Wechsler Memory Scale subtests. A marked decline in performance on the Visual Reproduction subtest was observed with increasing age. Both level of education and intelligence seemed to exert a substantial influence on performance on all three subtests reviewed. PMID- 7204597 TI - Prorating the Wechsler Memory Scale. AB - The Wechsler Memory Scale suffers from many weaknesses. Two of these are the lack of adequate norms and standard scores for the individual subtests. Both of these contribute to the difficulty in prorating the Total Raw Score when a subtest is missing. The present paper provides a set of weights, obtained from stepwise regression, to be used in estimating the Total Raw Score when a subtest is missing. The accuracy of these estimates was measured by a double cross validation. The accuracy of the Memory Quotient estimates also is discussed. The Ss were 122 non-neurological patients (3 female) with a mean age of 46.7 years and a mean education of 11.3 years. PMID- 7204599 TI - Recovery of visual-spatial learning and memory in chronic alcoholics. AB - Administered the Memory-for-Designs Test and a verbal and visuospatial paired associate learning test to separate groups of alcoholics (N = 32) 3 and 11 weeks abstinent from alcohol and to a matched control group (N = 16). Alcoholics were not impaired in verbal learning. Alcoholics 3 weeks abstinent performed significantly less well than controls on all nonverbal tasks and less well than 11-weeks alcoholics on one nonverbal measure. No significant differences were found between 11-week alcoholics and controls. The results suggest that some recovery of function may occur in alcoholics after 10 weeks of abstinence. The data also support the hypothesis of impaired right hemisphere in alcoholics. PMID- 7204600 TI - Drugs and people: repertory grid structure and the construal of two different kinds of target. AB - Undertook an investigation of the construal of drugs and people by Ss to compare the perception of drugs with the perception of people. Kelly's repertory grid (1955) was used in the investigation. A significant finding of the operation of a shift from seeing people as less positive (more negative) and drugs as more positive (less negative) resulted as S's shifted from normal state of consciousness to a simulated altered state of consciousness. However, this shift was found to differ significantly in terms of more lability for Ss who were designated as seeing more similarity in different targets than Ss who were designated as seeing more differences in different targets. PMID- 7204601 TI - The relationship of violence to alpha levels in a biofeedback training paradigm. AB - Evaluated alpha levels in a biofeedback training paradigm in groups of violent and nonviolent offenders and controls (N = 40). Mean alpha frequencies were higher for the offender group than for the controls, while alpha density (percent time) was lower. The violent subset demonstrated significantly higher frequencies than their nonviolent counterparts, but lower alpha densities and integrated amplitudes. In addition, the results clearly indicated that biofeedback training did not elevate significantly the levels of alpha production for any of the groups, above either the eyes open or the eyes closed baselines. The results of the between-groups comparisons were interpreted in terms of differences in cortical arousal as related to antisocial behaviors. PMID- 7204602 TI - The criminal fantasy technique: a comparison of sex offenders and substance abusers. AB - Presented a newly developed projective technique that utilizes criminal fantasy in an attempt to help in the prediction of crime and to gain psychodynamic insights into such offenders. Protocols of 37 compulsive sex offenders were compared to a group of 13 substances abusers who served as clinical controls. Statistical significance regarding the difference in number of judged pathological stories for the two groups was reached for all cards that were designed to elicit sexual fantasy. Cards depicting crimes of a non-sexual nature were not seen differently by the two groups, which was an expected finding. Raw data that highlighted the richness of the elicited projective material also were presented. PMID- 7204603 TI - Stylistic aggression patterns for large/small delinquents. AB - Examined the aggressive response style of 64 first offense, incarcerated, white, male delinquents who varied in physical size and aggressiveness on two behavioral simulation tasks. The delinquent's expectations, verbal anger, and effectiveness in verbally convincing his peers to accept an individual decision as the group's choice during an analogue discussion task were assessed. In addition, the delinquent's skill in controlling his arousal, verbal and physical aggressiveness, and performance on a digit symbol test while he was being attacked verbally was evaluated on a frustration task. Based on the interaction of perceptual, behavioral, and physiological factors, distinct aggression styles emerged for each of the four groups: Physically powerful/aggressive, powerful/nonaggressive, physically weak/aggressive, weak/nonaggressive. Positive aggression coping patterns were identified for each simulation task. PMID- 7204604 TI - A comparison of frequency of abnormal results in neuropsychological vs. neurodiagnostic procedures. AB - Compared the frequency of abnormal Impairment Index values and abnormal results on neurodiagnostic procedures in patients (N = 102) classified as Brain-damaged, Normal, or Equivocal on the basis of final medical diagnosis. The Impairment Index called a higher percentage of the Brain-damaged Ss abnormal than did any single neurodiagnostic procedure. Although it called a higher percentage of the other two groups abnormal than did the skull X-ray, the Impairment Index did not differ from computed tomography (CT) or the EEG with respect to abnormality rates in those groups. Thus, in this sample of patients, the Impairment Index was more sensitive to brain damage than any neurodiagnostic measure, yet no more likely to call patients in the other two groups abnormal than were CT or the EEG. Limitations of the study and difficulties in conducting this kind of research are discussed. PMID- 7204605 TI - Appropriate death: college students' preferences vs. actuarial projections. AB - Appropriate death was defined as the kind of death a person might choose for himself/herself, if given a choice. Ss were 382 college students who stated their preferences for (a) age at time of death; (b) cause of death; (c) site of death; and (d) means of disposal of remains. Preferences were compared with national actuarial projections. The preferred average life expectancy for women was lower than the national average life expectancy (p less than .001). Natural causes and accidents were oversubscribed, while cardiovascular ailments and cancer were undersubscribed as causes of death. A non-institutional site for death was preferred by 91.3% of the Ss; 39% of all deaths now occur outside an institution. Traditional burial underground was the choice of just more than half the sample, but a slight trend toward less traditional means of disposal of remains was noted over the five semesters of the study. PMID- 7204608 TI - A predictive approach to the study of manifest content in suicide notes. AB - Involved the deduction of 30 protocol sentences; 10 each for the theories of Binswanger, Freud, and Kelly. Naive judges noted the incidence of contents that corresponded to the protocol sentences in 33 genuine and 33 simulated notes. A coefficient of concordance of .70 indicated adequate interjudge reliability. Only the protocol sentences derived from Freud discriminated as a set in favor of the genuine notes. Statements that indicated loss and an identification with a lost person were found more frequently in genuine notes. Statements of isolation, immaturity and desires for freedom more frequently characterized the simulated notes. Implications of the results are discussed. PMID- 7204606 TI - Diagnosis of clinical depression on four source trait dimensions -U.I. 19, U.I. 20, U.I. 25, and U.I. 30--from the O.A. Kit. AB - Describe four personality factors with preliminary indications of distinguishing depressed patients from normals, namely those indexed in the O-A Kit as U.I. 19, U.I. 20, U.I. 25 and U.I. 30. Thirty-one clinically depressed Ss--22 inpatients and 9 outpatients--were administered the O-A (Objective-Analytic) battery for these four and the scores compared with those of 30 demographically matched controls. From earlier research and the general psychological theory that concerned these source traits it was hypothesized that depressed Ss would deviate negatively on U.I. 19 and U.I. 25 and positively on U.I. 20 and U.I. 30. A comparison of means that used a one-tailed t-test showed significant differences on two of the factors, U.I. 19 and U.I. 20, at p less than level of significance, and on U.I. 25 and U.I. 30 at p less than .05 significance level. Thus, the clinical sample showed the hypothesized directions of divergence from the control sample on all four of the factors. Later use of a discriminant function on this pattern of deviations shows a high degree of patient-control separation (Price, Cattell, & Patrick, Note 1). PMID- 7204609 TI - Some physiological and behavioral predictive characteristics of psychiatric patients. AB - Discriminated psychiatric patients who refuse and/or terminate treatment prematurely from those patients who accept and complete a behavioral treatment designed for them. The current study examined three groups of non-medicated psychiatric patients. The three groups consisted of patients who: (1) refused treatment; (2) accepted treatment but terminated prematurely; and (3) accepted and completed treatment. The experimental procedures consisted of psychometric tests and the monitoring of levels of physiological activity during relaxation and task performance. The results indicated that treatment predictive accuracy was possible among non-medicated psychiatric patients. Psychopathic and neurotic personality determinants were significant predictors among the three groups. Furthermore, digital pulse volume, minimum pulse during a relaxation phase, and an individually corrected performance skin conductance coefficient were three of six significant physiological discriminative predictive characteristics. A total of 15 criteria provided a clinically sensible and practical means of approaching the problem of treatment prognosis for psychiatric patients. PMID- 7204607 TI - Personality variables related to compulsive eating in college women. AB - Investigated personality variables related to compulsive eating (episodic bouts of uncontrolled, excessive eating) in college women. Based on scores on the Compulsive Eating Scale, two groups were selected from a large sample of college women (mean age = 19) and classified high (N = 23) or low (N = 24) with regard to compulsive eating. Participants were administered the Sixteen Personality Factor Test, Social Desirability Scale. Locus of Control Scale, and Bem Sex Role Inventory. Results showed a number of significant differences between high and low groups. On the 16PF, high Ss showed higher inner tension, greater suspiciousness, and less emotional stability (ps less than .001). High Ss were more external in locus of control (p less than .02) and showed a greater need for approval (p less than .025). Sex role data showed a higher Masculine self-ideal (p less than .001) for the high group. There appear to be meaningful differences in personality variables that are related to compulsive eating. Results are discussed in terms of current theories of compulsive eating. PMID- 7204611 TI - Methods of suicide and implications for suicide prevention. AB - Examined annual variations in the methods used for suicide in the United States in recent years (1962-1975) by sex and ethnic groups (white males, white females, nonwhite males, nonwhite females). Virtually all of the increase in United States suicide rates between 1962 and 1975 can be attributed to the increase in suicides by firearms. The increase in suicides by firearms, which occurred in all sex ethnic groups, accompanied marked increases in the availability of firearms, which is a preferred, socioculturally accepted method of suicide in the United States. These results present a mirror image of the reductions in suicide rates in Great Britain and Vienna when the availability of the most preferred method of suicide in those locales (toxic domestic gas) was reduced. The data from this and other studies suggest that the physical availability of the more culturally accepted methods of suicide is a major determinant of suicide rates and that suicides may be prevented by decreasing the availability of the most common methods of suicide to suicidal individuals. PMID- 7204612 TI - Interaction of therapeutic attitudes with severity of clinical diagnosis. AB - Investigated whether therapeutic processes, measured by self-reported attitudes of therapists, are differential or generalized; i.e., whether particular types or all types of patients benefit from a given level of a professed technique. Three therapeutic variables (empathic warmth, directiveness, and uncovering), identified by factor analysis, were studied in interaction with two levels of clinical pathology. A total of 161 patients were seen in psychodynamically oriented individual psychotherapy by 22 therapists. Independent ratings of global improvement were made. Results indicated that high scores on empathic warmth and uncovering appear to be more helpful for patients with neurotic and personality trait disorder diagnoses than for patients with borderline and psychotic diagnoses. Low scores on directiveness seemed to be associated with effectiveness in a more general way (across diagnostic groups). For the most part, reference to therapeutic attitudes as helpful or harmful must take into account the particular diagnostic groups that are being treated. PMID- 7204610 TI - Components of risk factor change in a CHD intervention program. AB - Carried out a study on a sample of men (N = 652) at high risk or coronary heart disease (CHD) in order to note the dimensions of change for the risk factors of smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, selected intervention and psychosocial variables. The principal components analyses revealed a multi-dimensional structure with some bipolar change factors. Implications for the design and implementation of behaviorally oriented risk factor programs were discussed. PMID- 7204614 TI - The primacy-recency effect in counselor response. AB - It has been suggested that when responding to a client's statement which contains two sequentially distinguishable messages, a counselor will tend to focus on the latter message, i.e., there is a recency effect. The present study investigated this contention empirically. Twenty-six experienced telephone counselors each responded to 12 client statements, all of which contained two distinct messages. The responses were classified according to their focus, and chi-square tests were performed on these frequencies for each statement. The results provided no support for the recency hypothesis, but rather showed that the Ss tended to make responses that were either nonspecific or included both messages. It also appeared that the Ss responded to the content rather than the positioning of the messages. PMID- 7204613 TI - Client perceptions in an initial interview as a function of therapist sex and expertness. AB - Therapy has been construed as a interpersonal influence process (Johnson & Matross, 1977; Strong, 1978). Consistent with that framework the present study investigated the effects of therapist sex and level of expertness on the perceptions of Ss in an initial interview. Male and female interviewers who were introduced as expert or nonexpert met individually for a 15-minute period of time with 60 male undergraduates. The Ss then rated the interviewers on perceived expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness, persuasiveness, and their liking for the interviewer. Results indicated that male experts were rated lower in social attractiveness; however, introductions did not affect either perceived expertness or trustworthiness. The results suggest that reasonably competent therapist behavior may result in neutralizing sources of differential expertness. However, the degree of expertness may be used as a source of differential social or interpersonal attraction. PMID- 7204615 TI - Reputation, training, fee, and androgyny: their comparative effects on impressions of therapist credibility. AB - Two hundred and forty-eight college students viewed a vignette from a therapy analogue session. Before Ss viewed the vignette they all read a summary that described the vignette plus an additional description that stressed different aspects of the therapist. One-fifth of the Ss were told of the therapist's excellent reputation, one-fifth were told of the therapist's excellent training and credentials, one-fifth were told of the therapist's high fee, and one-fifth were told of the therapists' androgenous personality. The remaining one-fifth of the Ss, who served as controls, were told nothing further; they only received the standard description of the vignette. After the vignette, Ss completed measures designed to assess their perception of therapist credibility and attractiveness. The results indicate that the androgenous therapist was rated as most credible and attractive (whereas the high-fee-charging therapist was least credible and attractive.) Explanation for these results and implications are discussed. PMID- 7204616 TI - Companion program by university students and behavioral change in female chronic schizophrenics. AB - Experimental evidence showed that university students who participated in the "companion program" produced positive changes in chronic schizophrenic patients. This study reported the number of visits in order to produce observable behavioral changes. Thirty-six female patients hospitalized for at least 3 years were visited by university students once, twice, or three times weekly for 7 weeks. A control group received no visit. Results revealed that only functional behavior in the three visits per week group showed significant improvement, which suggests that a minimum of three visits of half an hour each per week is required to produce behavioral changes in female chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7204617 TI - China's "great leap" toward Madison Avenue. PMID- 7204619 TI - Television and leisure time: a new scenario. PMID- 7204618 TI - Television viewing and anxiety: an experimental examination. PMID- 7204620 TI - Shifting boundaries in the information marketplace. PMID- 7204621 TI - The electronic library. PMID- 7204622 TI - Programming protection: the problem of software. PMID- 7204623 TI - Electronic banking and the death of privacy. PMID- 7204624 TI - Digital technology: the potential for alternative communication. PMID- 7204625 TI - The survival of human values. PMID- 7204626 TI - Couples' personal idioms: exploring intimate talk. PMID- 7204628 TI - Death redefined: social and cultural influences on legislation. PMID- 7204627 TI - Update: physically intimate and sexual behavior on prime-time television, 1978 79. PMID- 7204629 TI - Cultural dependency in Canada's feature film industry. PMID- 7204630 TI - The portrayal of the drinking process on prime-time television. PMID- 7204631 TI - Attracting assault: victim's nonverbal cues. PMID- 7204632 TI - Social and cognitive influences on information exposure: a path analysis. PMID- 7204633 TI - Reporting crime and fearing crime in three communities. PMID- 7204634 TI - U.S. programs on Australian television: the cultivation effect. PMID- 7204636 TI - Hazard visibility and occupational health problem solving the case of the uranium industry. AB - Recent evidence from European research challenges the adequacy of current U.S. exposure guidelines for underground mine radiation. This study traces the history of government regulatory agency and industry response to the hazard of excessive mine radiation in the uranium industry in Colorado some 30 years ago. Problem solving activity by government agencies and companies is shown to coincide with how visible the health hazard to uranium miners becomes. Hazard visibility and key problem-solving variables are defined and measured. The article also discusses a number of social factors that affect societal response to evidence of an occupational health hazard. Those factor include (1) the elusiveness of the disease and its symptoms, (2) the social class of the victim, (3) the level of medical and scientific interest in its cause and cure, and (4) the economic costs of the disease. PMID- 7204635 TI - Strategies for enhancing patient compliance. AB - Patient noncompliance is a substantial obstacle to the achievement of therapeutic goals. This paper reviews a number of practical interventions with demonstrated efficacy in enhancing patient adherence, including (1) improving patients' levels of information concerning the specifics of their regimens, reinforcing essential points with review, discussion, and written instruction, and emphasizing the importance of the therapeutic plan, (2) taking clinically appropriate steps to reduce the cost, complexity, duration, and amount of behavioral change required by the regimen and increasing the regimen's convenience through "tailoring" and other approaches, (3) obtaining a compliance-oriented history of the patient's prior experiences and present health beliefs and, where necessary, employing strategies to modify those perceptions likely to inhibit compliance, (4) improving levels of patient satisfaction, particularly with the provider-patient relationship, (5) arranging for the continued monitoring of the patient's subsequent compliance to treatment, (6) increasing staff awareness of the magnitude and determinants of the noncompliance phenomenon and attempting to develop an "active influence orientation" in each member of the health care team, (7) using such techniques as patient-provider contracts to involve the patient in therapeutic decisions and in the setting of treatment objectives and creating incentives (through rewards and reinforcements) for achieving these objectives, (8) arranging for as much continuity of provider (and other staff) as possible, (9) establishing methods of supervising the patient, including involvement of the patient's social support network, and (10) involving fully the assistance of all available health care providers, assigning specific roles and responsibilities for activities directed at improving adherence to treatment. PMID- 7204637 TI - Balancing statistical data and clinician judgments in the diagnosis of patient educational needs. AB - Survey content is necessarily limited by the investigators' foresight and by prior research on their subject of inquiry. Clinical data must supplement statistical data whenever the prior research is insufficient to delineate exactly what problems to expect. The differing perspectives on needs of patients sometimes set up competing demands. This calls for strategies based on a programmatic or population perspective that identifies the commonalities in patients educational needs from the statistical profiles, while at the same time allowing for the development of interventions that provide for as much tailoring of the educational experience based on clinical judgments as possible. By combining the community health education perspective with a clinical perspective, we were able to design interventions that responded to the educational needs of a population of low-income, black hypertensive patients. A needs assessment process that combined these perspectives began with a historical and community assessment of the problem in its most general terms. A second phase focused on the most important behavioral and organizational points for intervention. A third phase required formal assessment of predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors that may be determining the priority behaviors of health care organizational problems. Finally, clinical and administrative judgment sharpened and supplemented the educational interventions that were suggested by statistical data from formal surveys. Behavioral sciences theory was applied usefully in all these phases. PMID- 7204638 TI - An empirical definition of "primary care". AB - An operational definition of "primary care", useful to a wide variety of professionals, has eluded researchers since the term first gained popularity. This paper presents an activity-based definition of primary care derived from ratings of 59 representative health care activities by a group of state health administrators, a group of local health department directors, and a random sample of primary care physicians practicing in North Carolina. Thirty-one activities received ratings indicating they were considered core primary care services. Examination of differences in ratings among the three groups surveyed suggested that health department directors differ from the other two groups. Consideration of the variances of activity ratings within the groups emphasizes the unique response of the health department directors and identifies activities characterized by considerable disagreement. The study includes information necessary for researchers and practitioners to form an activity-based definition of varying scope. Definitions constructed from this information should be useful in planning the evaluation efforts that involve different groups of providers, since activities provide an objective basis for agreement. Repeating the approach outlined in the paper with other provider groups in other areas of the country should lead to better understanding of intergroup and regional differences in the concept of "primary care". PMID- 7204639 TI - Distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the geniculo striate system of Galago senegalensis and Aotus trivirgatus: evidence for the origin of the reaction product in the lateral geniculate body. AB - This inquiry began with the discovery that just two layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (GL) of Galago contain large amounts of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). These two layers (layers 3 and 6) are similar in cell size and Nissl staining characteristics and project to the same layer in the striate cortex. To find out whether the pattern of staining is unique in the Galago, we examined the distribution of AChE in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the owl monkey, Aotus trivirgatus. In this species we found that the parvocellular layers (3 and 4) stained darkly for AChE while the magnocellular layers (1 and 2) were only slightly stained. The interlaminar zones as well as the "S" layers were also distinguished by a high level of AChE staining. In order to determine the source of the cholinesterase staining in layers 3 and 6 of Galago, we studied, in separate experiments, the effects of kainic acid injections into GL, of eye enucleation, and of lesions of the striate cortex. Injections of kainic acid, followed by survival times of 2 and 11 days, produced severe cellular destruction in GL, yet the AChE staining of layers 3 and 6 was undiminished. Eye enucleations had no effect upon the AChE staining of GL even after a survival period of 3 years. In contrast, a small lesion of the striate cortex, followed by a 9-day survival period, produced conspicuous gaps in the AChE staining of layers 3 and 6. These results indicate that the AChE in layers 3 and 6 is not attributable to the cells within the layers, or to retinal fibers, but is dependent upon descending projections from the striate cortex. Because of the dependence of the AChE reaction product in layers 3 and 6 of GL upon an intact striate cortex, we turned our attention to the distribution of AChE in the striate cortex. In Galago, cholinesterase-positive cells were found in layer VI of the striate cortex; and in both Galago and Aotus, the striate cortex was distinguished from other cortical areas by a prominent band of cholinesterase activity within layer IV. This band ended abruptly at the 17-18 border. The precise origin of this cholinesterase staining within layer IV of the striate cortex remains to be determined. PMID- 7204640 TI - Early development of the inferior olivary complex in pouch young opossums. I. A light microscopic study. PMID- 7204641 TI - Early development of the inferior olivary complex in pouch young opossums. II. An electron microscopic study. AB - At birth the inferior olivary complex (IOC) is not present in the caudal ventro medial brainstem of the opossum. In the 3-7-day-old animal (15-19 days post conception), this same region does contain neurons of the developing IOC. The immature neurons are characterized by large, centrally placed nuclei surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm. The neuropil contains numerous small-diameter profiles which contain bundles of filaments and scattered microtubules. Occasional synaptic endings, containing round clear vesicles, contact large, flocculent profiles. By 10-14 days of age, the olivary complex begins to separate into individual nuclei; however, the olivary cell bodies and the surrounding neuropil exhibit many of the same features as in the 3-7-day-old opossums. In opossums 21-25 days old, there is an increase in varicosities and irregular contours along many of the dendritic shafts. Furthermore, synaptic terminals, possessing round clear vesicles, now contact the soma, dendritic shafts, dendritic varicosities, spines, and large, flocculent profiles. Terminals containing pleomorphic vesicles or a mixture of clear and large granular vesicles are presynaptic only to dendritic spines or large, flocculent profiles. Neuroglial cell bodies have been identified at all ages examined. It is not until days 65-68 that pre- and postsynaptic elements are organized into synaptic clusters (glomeruli), which are typical of the adult. Spiny appendages and small diameter dendrites comprise the central core of the clusters which are surrounded by synaptic endings containing a variety of vesicle types. Thus it would appear that subsequent to their initial arrival (day 16-17), the synaptic relationships of cerebellar and midbrain afferents are modified to reflect their adult configuration by days 65-68. This extended period of development (postnatal days 3-68) for the olivary complex provides a good model for assessing the effects of experimental manipulations. PMID- 7204642 TI - A specialized type of neuron in the visual cortex of cat: a Golgi and electron microscope study of chandelier cells. AB - The axonal arborization of chandelier cells is characterized by its conspicuous, vertically oriented, bouton aggregates. The efferent synaptic relationships established by these terminal formations were investigated by electron microscopy of Golgi preparations after gold toning and deimpregnation. In all cases examined from layers II and III of cat areas 17 and 18, the terminal formations, here denominated specific terminal portions (stp), make symmetric synapses upon axon initial segments of pyramidal neurons. Some identified stp's were reconstructed from ultrathin serial sections with the aid of a microcomputer-based system, and the number of synaptic contacts established on axon initial segments was evaluated. No evidence was found that parts of the axonal tree other than stp's also engage in synaptic contacts. Specific terminal portions are rather variable in complexity. However, the synaptic contacts they engage in are constant and the complexity of stp's from the same axonal arborization varies. It is, therefore, clear that all stp's are terminal axonal formations of a unique, specialized type of neuron. Computer techniques and conventional Golgi observations were used to study further details of chandelier cell morphology. Axonal plexuses are preferentially, although not exclusively, local and distribute within spheric, ovoid, or disk-shaped spaces. In most chandelier cells, the main axonal trunk descends to the white matter, where we have been unable to follow it further. PMID- 7204643 TI - Non-specific esterase activity in reactive cells in injured nervous tissue labeled with 3H-thymidine or 125iododeoxyuridine injected before injury. AB - Tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) injected before a stab wound of the spinal cord or transection of the hypoglossal nerve has resulted in many labeled reactive cells in the CNS after injury, most of which have the ultrastructural features of microglia. To test for the possible origin of these labeled cells from monocytes, we examined them for the presence of sodium fluoride- (NaF) sensitive non specific esterase (NSE), an enzyme characteristic of monocytes. Some of the labeled cells in stab wounds had NaF-sensitive NSE, but no such cells were found in the nucleus of the injured hypoglossal nerve. To test for the possibility that the NSE-negative labeled cells had been labeled by reutilization of 3H-TdR, we used 125I-5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (125I-UdR), a thymidine analogue with a much lower rate of reutilization, to label blood mononuclear cells prior to either a spinal cord stab wound or hypoglossal axotomy. The number of labeled cells was decreased in the spinal cord wound, but more than half were NSE-negative. No labeled blood mononuclear cells were found in the hypoglossal nucleus, although there was no decrease in the hyperplasia of unlabeled non-neuronal cells. When 125I-UdR was injected on the fourth day after hypoglossal axotomy, or when both 3H-TdR and 125I-UdR were injected simultaneously before hypoglossal axotomy, many labeled cells were found in the hypoglossal nucleus, indicating that 125I-UdR can be used by the reactive cells and that it did not inhibit their proliferation. Therefore, the microglial cells that proliferate in response to peripheral nerve injury are not recently derived from any type of circulating large blood mononuclear cell. The most likely explanation for the presence of the 3H-TdR labeled cells in the nucleus of the injured hypoglossal nerve is that they were proliferating intrinsic cells labeled by reutilization of 3H-TdR. PMID- 7204644 TI - Quantitative 3H-thymidine radiographic analyses of neurogenesis in the rat amygdala. PMID- 7204646 TI - Development of the brain stem in the rat. IV. Thymidine-radiographic study of the time of origin of neurons in the pontine region. AB - Groups of pregnant rats were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H thymidine from gestational day 12 and 13 (E12 + 13) until the day before parturition (E21 + 22) in order to label in their embryos the proliferating precursors of neurons. At 60 days of age the proportion of neurons generated (or no longer labeled) on specific embryonic days was determined quantitatively in 14 nuclei of the pontine region. Peak production time of neurons of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus was on day E11 or earlier, with a small proportion generated on day E12. Peak production time of the trigeminal motor neurons was on day E12, with a small proportion produced earlier. Neurons of the principal sensory nucleus were generated between days E13 and E16, with a peak on day E14; the late-produced neurons tended to belong to a class of intermediate and large cells. The bulk of the neurons of the supratrigeminal and infratrigeminal nuclei arose on days E15 and E16. Neurons of the locus coeruleus are produced mostly on day E12, with about 20% of the cells arising on day E13. The bulk of the neurons of the dorsal tegmental nucleus (Gudden's) are produced between days E13 and E15, whereas most of the neurons of the deep (ventral) tegmental nucleus are produced on day E15. A dorsal-to-caudal gradient was also obtained between the dorsal and ventral nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, the neurons of the former being generated between days E12 and E15; the latter, between days E13 and E17. The neurons of both the pars lateralis and the pars medialis of the parabrachial nucleus were produced simultaneously between days E13 and E15, with a peak on day E13. The heterogeneous collection of neurons of the pontine paramedial reticular formation was produced for day E11 (or earlier) until day E15. Finally, the neurons of the raphe pontis parvicellularis were generated at an even rate between days E13 and E15, whereas the bulk of the neurons of the raphe pontis magnocellularis were produced on days E15 and E16. On the basis of datings obtained for 9 subdivisions of the entire brain stem trigeminal complex, hypotheses were offered of the cytogenetic components of the system. The sequence of neuron production in the dorsal and deep tegmental nuclei was related to their connections with divisions of the mammillary and habenular nuclei on a "first come-first serve" basis. PMID- 7204645 TI - Development of the brain stem in the rat. III. Thymidine-radiographic study of the time of origin of neurons of the vestibular and auditory nuclei of the upper medulla. AB - Groups of pregnant rats were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H thymidine from gestational days 12 and 13 (E12 + 13) until the day before parturition (E21 + 22). In adult progeny of the injected rats the proportion of neurons generated on specific embryonic days was determined quantitatively in the vestibular and auditory nuclei of the upper medulla. In the vestibular nuclei, neurons are generated between days E11 and E15 in an overlapping sequential order, yielding a lateral-to-medial and a rostral-to-caudal internuclear gradient. In the lateral vestibular nucleus peak production time is day E12; in the superior nucleus, E13; in the inferior nucleus, E13 and E14; and in the medial nucleus, E14. The early generation of neurons of the lateral vestibular nucleus may reflect the early differentiation of the circuit from the gravity receptors (utricle) to neurons of the spinal cord controlling postural balance. The later production of neurons of the superior vestibular nucleus may reflect the subsequent differentiation of the circuit from the rotational receptors (semicircular canals) to the neurons of the brain stem controlling eye movements. The generation time of neurons of the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi overlaps with that of the medial vestibular nucleus. The neurons of the anteroventral and posteroventral cochlear nuclei are produced from days E13 to E17, with no temporal differences between the two nuclei. The neurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus are generated over a very long time span, beginning on day E12 and extending into the postnatal period. There is a sequence in the production of neurons forming the different layers of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in the following order: pyramidal cells, cells of the inner layer, cells of the outer layer and, finally, cells of the granular layer. There is also a sequential production of neurons in four nuclei of the superior olivary complex. In the lateral trapezoid nucleus peak production time is day E12; in the medial superior olivary nucleus, day E13; in the medial trapezoid nucleus, day E15; and in the lateral superior olivary nucleus, day E16. This order yields a medial-to-lateral gradient in the dorsal aspect of the superior olivary complex, and a lateral-to medial gradient ventrally. These mirror-image gradients were also seen intranuclearly in the lateral superior olivary nucleus and the medial trapezoid nucleus. The cytogenetic gradients could not be related to tonotopic representation; however, they could be related to the lateral location of ipsilateral cochlear nucleus input to the lateral superior olivary nucleus and the medial location of the contralateral cochlear nucleus input to the medial trapezoid nucleus. PMID- 7204647 TI - Retinofugal pathways in two chondrichthyans, the shark Scyliorhinus canicula and the ray Raja clavata. AB - Retinofugal pathways in the spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula and the thornback ray Raja clavata were studied with reduced silver techniques following unilateral eye enucleations. Optic nerve axons decussate in the chiasma opticum, except for a small ipsilateral projection to the area preoptica. After crossing, retinal projections distribute to the area preoptica, the thalamus dorsalis pars lateralis, the thalamus ventralis pars lateralis, the corpus geniculatum laterale, the nucleus pretectalis, and the superficial layers of the tectum mesencephali. In Scyliorhinus most primary optic fibers terminate in the stratum medullare externum of the mesencephalic tectum, while in Raja the zona externa of the stratum cellulare externum receives the bulk of the retinal input. A basal optic tract could be identified in Raja, but not in Scyliorhinus. The retinofugal pathways of the two species studied are compared with those of other cartilaginous fishes and other anamniotes. It is concluded that the primary visual system in chondrichthyans resembles that of actinopterygians and amphibians. However, there is a striking difference in the way in which the primary optic fibers reach the tectal target areas. In elasmobranch fish the optic nerve fibers enter the tectum through the zona interna of the stratum cellulare externum and send their axons into the more superficial tectal layers, while in actinopterygians and amphibians the majority of the optic fibers enter the tectum through the superficial layer and distribute their axons to deeper tectal layers. PMID- 7204648 TI - Efferent tectal pathways in two chondrichthyans, the shark Scyliorhinus canicula and the ray Raja clavata. AB - The efferent connections of the tectum mesencephali in the shark Scyliorhinus canicula and the ray Raja clavata have been studied by using the silver impregnation methods. of Nauta-Gygax ('54) and Fink-Heimer ('67). After a unilateral lesion made through all six tectal layers, three distinct pathways could be observed: 1) an ascending projection both ipsi- and contralateral to the pretectal area, the dorsomedial region of the thalamus, and the lateral geniculate body, 2) a commisural projection to the contralateral tectum and intercollicular nucleus, and 3) a descending projection to the rhombencephalic reticular formation. The last mentioned tract can be subdivided into (a) the ipsilateral tractus tectobulbaris ventralis and intermedius, giving off fibers to the intercollicular nucleus, the nucleus reticularis isthmi, and the medial and median reticular formation of the rhombencephalon and (b) the contralateral tractus tectobulbaris dorsalis, which connects the tectum with the contralateral medial reticular formation. Contrary to what has been found in other vertebrates there is no distinct segregation with respect to laterality of tectoreticular connections. Neither an ipsilateral projection to the nucleus isthmi nor a direct tectospinal pathway could be demonstrated with the techniques used. PMID- 7204649 TI - A scanning electron microscope study of the in vitro development of dissociated hippocampal cells. AB - Cultures of dissociated hippocampal neurons from 18-day-old rat fetuses were examined by scanning electron microscopy after periods between one hour and 20 days following plating on a poly-L-lysine coated substrate. Cell attachment was virtually complete within one hour after plating, and at that stage many cells could be seen which had started to extend processes with broad growth cones. By four hours in culture, process formation was well advanced and some cells had already assumed a pyramidal configuration. After 16 hours in culture, numerous contacts were seen between neighboring growth cones, and this frequently led to fasciculation of the interacting fibers. During the next three weeks the cell bodies enlarged considerably and rounded-up, and two distinct types of processes became evident: large, rapidly tapering dendrite-like processes and finer, essentially uniform-diametered processes that resemble axons. In most of the older cultures a dense plexus of processes was formed, and many of the finer processes appeared to have "bouton-like" swellings as they traversed the upper surfaces of the neuronal perikarya. Non-neuronal elements, which comprised only about 5% of the cells initially plated, rapidly proliferated in our cultures and within three to six days formed a confluent monolayer beneath the neurons. PMID- 7204650 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve in the cat. AB - The morphology of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV) in the cat was studied with the aid of light and electron microscopy. In frozen sections stained by the Kluver-Barrera method or stained to show retrograde labeling in the DMV following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the cervical vagus nerve and the stomach wall a range of sizes of DMV neurons was observed but it was observed but it was not possible to distinguish separate types. In contrast, two distinct types of neurons, one medium-sized and the other small, were identified with the light microscope in Golgi-Cox and 1-micrometer Epon sections and with the electron microscope in ultrathin sections. The medium-sized neurons had a range of sizes but generally measured 18 X 25 micrometers and possessed three to four proximal dendrites which branched two or three times. Spines were observed occasionally on the soma and on dendrites. These neurons contained a well-developed cytoplasm and a noninvaginated round to oval nucleus. The small neurons generally measured 9 X 14 micrometers and were round or slightly elongated in shape. Their dendritic processes were fewer and thinner than those of the medium-sized neurons and extended for shorter lengths. Their soma contained scanty cytoplasm and an invaginated nucleus. The medium-sized neurons outnumbered the small neurons by more than three to one but both neuronal types were distributed evenly throughout the nucleus. The medium-sized neurons seemed to correspond in size to the parasympathetic efferent neurons of the viscera as indicated by the HRP studies. Axosomatic synapses on both types of neurons and axodendritic synapses were observed in the DMV. Terminals containing mainly small clear round vesicles and making asymmetrical contract with the postsynaptic membrane were involved in the majority of synapses on both the soma and dendrites. Terminals containing predominantly pleomorphic vesicles and making symmetrical contact with the postsynaptic membrane were also common, comprising up to one-third of all synapses observed. Serial sections revealed that most synaptic terminals contained varying numbers of large (75--110 nm) dense-cored vesicles. Smaller dense-cored vesicles (45--55 nm) were sometimes observed, often close to the area of synaptic contact. Terminals 1--2 micrometers in diameter which contacted dendrites 1--3 micrometers in diameter formed the most common synaptic combination throughout the rostral to caudal extent of the DMV. No distinct regional differences were observed with respect to distribution of synaptic types. PMID- 7204651 TI - Projections of the cerebellar and dorsal column nuclei upon the thalamus of the rhesus monkey. AB - Projections from the cerebellar and dorsal column nuclei to the midbrain and thalamus of the rhesus monkey were traced with anterograde autoradiographic techniques, or, in a few cases, with the Fink-Heimer method. The cerebellar nuclei give rise to a massive projection to the contralateral midbrain and thalamus via the ascending limb of the superior cerebellar peduncle. Cerebellar efferent fibers terminate contralaterally in both divisions of the red nucleus, and bilaterally in the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, the nucleus of Darkschewitsch, the oculomotor nucleus, and the central gray. All the deep cerebellar nuclei project upon a broad area of the contralateral ventral thalamus as well as certain intralaminar nuclei. Corresponding ipsilateral thalamic terminations are sparse. The topographic organization of cerebellothalamic fibers does not correspond to individual cerebellar nuclei or to cytoarchitectonic divisions of the ventral thalamic nuclei. Rather there are longitudinally oriented strips of terminal labeling which extend through all divisions of the ventral lateral nucleus, i.e., the VLps, the VLc, the VLo, as well as nucleus X, the oral division of the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPLo), the central lateral nucleus (CL), and the most caudal region of the ventral anterior nucleus (VA). The topography of the cerebellothalamic fibers is arranged in a mediolateral pattern with fibers originating from anterior zones of the dentate and interpositus ending most laterally and those from posterior dentate and interpositus terminating most medially. The fastigial contribution is relatively sparse. The longitudinal strips of terminal labeling in the ventral thalamic nuclei are made up of still smaller terminal units consisting of disk-like aggregates of silver grains separated from one another by grain-free spaces. The dorsal column nuclei terminate primarily in the contralateral caudal division of the VPL (VPLc) and never extend rostrally into VPLo. These results demonstrate a segregation of cerebellar and dorsal columnar inputs to motor and sensory regions of the thalamus, respectively. Since these regions are separate and discrete in their cortical associations as well (Kalil, '76), it seems unlikely that fast afferent pathways relaying to motor cortex (Lemon and Porter, '76) could arise from the dorsal column nuclei. PMID- 7204652 TI - Development of the mossy fibers of the dentate gyrus: I. A light and electron microscopic study of the mossy fibers and their expansions. AB - The postnatal development of the axons of the dentate granule cells--the so called mossy fibers--was studied at the light microscopic level in Timm and Golgi preparations and also by transmission electron microscopy. In the Timm-stained material, there was a distinctive coloration in the hilus and incipient stratum lucidum, indicating the presence of mossy fibers, on the first postnatal day. Over the next two weeks, the stained areas became more extensive, the size and density of the stained particles increased, and the particles became more intensely stained. These signs of progressive development of the mossy fibers appeared to reflect, temporally and topographically, the developmental gradients followed by their parent granule cells. The Golgi material confirmed the presence of mossy fibers in the hilus on the first postnatal day. Fasciculi of mossy fibers were observed in the stratum lucidum of the 3-day-old hippocampus, and although these immature axons were devoid of large synaptic expansions, they did have prominent growth cones at their termini. Small expansions along the lengths of the axons first appeared on day 7 and these grew to approximately an adult size and complexity by about day 14. The postsynaptic component of the mossy fiber synapse, the "thorny excrescence," did not begin to emerge from the proximal portion of the pyramidal cell dendrites until sometime after day 9. At the electron microscopic level we observed, on the first postnatal day, small, immature mossy fiber expansions which made both symmetric and asymmetric contacts directly with dendritic shafts. These profiles, which were only one tenth the size of mature expansions, grew rapidly between postnatal days 1 and 9 and increased their mean area by a factor of five. On or about day 9, as the "thorny excrescences" emerged, the asymmetric synapses came to be associated with these spinous processes. Taken together, the Golgi and electron microscopic analyses support the suggestion that mossy fibers establish synaptic contact with pyramidal cell dendrites early in the postnatal period, several days before there is any indication of spine development. Furthermore, the "thorny excrescences" develop after the more typical, pedicellate spines have appeared on the distal pyramidal cell dendrites. Finally, while it is clear that the mossy fibers in our 21-day-old material are, for the most part, fully matured, a more subtle and protracted development of the system, long into adulthood, is indicated by the increased area and density of stained particles in the Timm preparations from adult animals. PMID- 7204653 TI - The cytology of the posterior lateral line lobe of high-frequency weakly electric fish (Gymnotidae): dendritic differentiation and synaptic specificity in a simple cortex. PMID- 7204654 TI - Central distribution of octavolateral afferents and efferents in a teleost (Mormyridae). AB - The central distribution of afferents from individual eight nerve branches (N VIII) and mechanical lateral line end organs in mormyrid fish are described. Afferents were labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) placed on the cut ends of the different N VIII branches and the anterior and posterior lateral line nerves. Descending, tangential, and magnocellular nuclei receive input almost exclusively from the utriculus and canals. Nucleus octavius receives afferents from the lateral line nerves and all N VIII branches, with one part receiving exclusive and bilateral input from the sacculus. Afferents from both lateral line nerves and all N VII branches, except the sacculus, end in eminentia granularis. Afferents from each of the two lateral line nerves and from each of three otolith branches of N VIII end in different regions of the anterior lateral line lobe, with some areas of overlap. Behavioral studies in other families of fish indicate that the utriculus and canals are critical for postural control, whereas the sacculus and possibly the lagena are concerned with hearing. Such findings, together with the results of this study, suggest that mormyrids and perhaps other fish possess separate auditory and vestibular centers within the octavolateral area. The HRP method also shows the cell bodies and axons of octavolateral efferents. N VIII and lateral line efferents arise from a common nucleus, and the central course of their axons parallels that of facial motoneurons. Axons of efferent cells divide to supply two or more branches of N VIII and some axons supply both lateral line and N VIII end organs. PMID- 7204655 TI - Cortical and spinal somatosensory input to the superior colliculus in the golden hamster: an anatomical and electrophysiological study. AB - The horseradish peroxidase technique was used to identify the sources of somatosensory afferent fibers to the hamster superior colliculus. These experiments demonstrated that the tectum receives axons from pyramidal cells in layer V of the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex, contralateral lamina IV of all levels of the spinal cord, the contralateral dorsal column nuclei, lateral cervical nucleus, internal basilar nucleus, and nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract. Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord coupled with extracellular single unit recordings concentrated, for the most part, in the posterior portion of the tectum revealed that such stimuli activated approximately 40% of the cells tested. Almost all of these units were isolated ventral to the stratum opticum and 86% were responsive only to somatosensory stimulation. Analysis of the latencies of collicular responses obtained with two point spinal stimulation in intact hamsters and in animals subjected to somatosensory cortical and/or spinal damage indicated that the initial impulse elicited from most collicular cells was mediated by a polysynaptic pathway(s) which probably synapses in the dorsal column, lateral cervical, and/or internal basilar nuclei. Damage to the dorsal spinal cord and/or somatosensory cortex altered neither the incidence nor the response characteristics of spinally driven collicular neurons. This indicated that most somatosensory collicular cells also received input from the spinotectal fibers which travel in the ventrolateral quadrant. Electrical stimulation of somatosensory cortex activated about 20% of the cells tested in the ipsilateral superior colliculus. If cortical and spinal stimulation were delivered with an interstimulus interval ranging between 50 and 80 msec the response of the tectal neuron to the latter stimulus was suppressed in most cases. This was true regardless of the order of the stimulus pairing. Concurrent somatosensory cortical shocks also suppressed responses to tactile stimuli for 21% of the cells tested. PMID- 7204656 TI - Supplementary and precentral motor cortex: contrast in responsiveness to peripheral input in the hindlimb area of the unanesthetized monkey. AB - Single-unit recording and intracortical microstimulation techniques have been employed in unanesthetized monkeys in order to ascertain the relative responsiveness of the supplementary motor cortex (MII) and the precentral motor cortex (MI) to a controlled peripheral stimulus. The hindlimb representation was explored to facilitate comparison of MI and MII sensitivity in the same animal. Two main findings have emerged: (i) Many fewer neurons in MII respond to the peripheral stimulus and those that do have much weaker responses than neurons in MI. (ii) The hindlimb representation of MII and the tail representation of MI appear to be considerably further rostral than depicted in the classical maps. The latter finding serves to resolve a discrepancy between the classical physiological and cytoarchitectonic maps for this region of cortex. PMID- 7204658 TI - Tectal projections of an infrared sensitive snake, Crotalus viridis. AB - Crotaline snakes have detectors for infrared radiation and this information is projected to the optic tectum in a spatiotopic manner. The tectal projections were examined in Crotalus viridis with the use of silver methods for degenerating fibers and the autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase tracing methods. Large lesions included all of the tectal layers but not the underlying structures. Projections to the thalamus include a sparse input to the ipsilateral ventral and dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei, the ventromedial nucleus, and nucleus lentiformis thalami. Nucleus rotundus was not detected. The projections to the pretectal nuclei are primarily ipsilateral to the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali and pretectal nucleus. At the level of the mesencephalon, tectal efferents are bilateral to nucleus profundus mesencephali and the tegmentum. There is minimal input to the contralateral deep tectal layers. There are ipsilateral terminations in a nucleus identified as the posterolateral tegmental nucleus. Descending fibers include the two major tracts--the ventral tectobulbar tract that terminates in the ipsilateral lateral reticular formation and the predorsal bundle that distributes throughout the contralateral medial reticular formation. Two small descending tracts were noted--the intermediate and dorsal tectobulbar tracts. All of these descending tracts appear to terminate by the time they reach the caudal medulla. After superficial lesions terminals could be found in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, the nucleus profundus mesencephali, and the posterolateral tegmental nucleus; the two major descending tracts contained degenerated fibers as well. The areas receiving tectal input in Crotalus were compared to those of other reptiles and discussed. PMID- 7204657 TI - Abnormal axonal growth in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. AB - Retino-geniculate axons in the cat were induced to grow abnormally by cutting one optic nerve in kittens. Surviving optic tract axons that had grown into the denervated regions were then filled in the adults with horseradish peroxidase to reveal the terminal arbors of individual axons. Two types of abnormal axonal growth are described--translaminar growth and monocular segment growth. Translaminar growth is the most common and occurs between laminae in the binocular part to the nucleus. Axons giving rise to translaminar growth do not branch as they pass through the denervated regions of the nucleus. Instead, the abnormal branches originate from portions of the terminal arbor within the normal target lamina. These axons look like normal retino-geniculate axons in terms of their branching patterns, cytological features, and patterns of synaptic contacts except that parts of their terminal arbors have expanded to innervate inappropriate laminae. The distribution of translaminar branches overlaps the distribution of a restricted group of surviving large neurons that have not undergone denervation atrophy. Monocular segment growth invades the lateral pole of the nucleus directly from the optic tract. These branches arise from axons passing through or near the denervated region and appear to represent the formation of new terminal arbors. The synaptic swellings arising from these branches have cytological features like the synaptic swellings arising from translaminar branches and they form similar patterns of synaptic contacts. However, monocular segment branches degenerate more rapidly when damaged and they are not associated with surviving large neurons. PMID- 7204659 TI - Thalamic connections with limbic cortex. I. Thalamocortical projections. AB - The thalamocortical projections to limbic cortex in the cat have been studied with retrograde and anterograde axonal transport techniques. Five limbic cortical areas were identified on the basis of cytoarchitecture. The five areas are the anterior limbic area, the cingular area, the dorsal and ventral retrosplenial areas, and the presubiculum. Each of these cortical areas received small injections of horseradish peroxidase, and the afferent thalamic nuclei were identified by retrograde labelling of cells. The cortical projection of each of the anterior thalamic nuclei and the lateral dorsal nucleus was determined autoradiographically. Each of the anterior thalamic nuclei and the lateral dorsal nucleus projects to limbic cortex by two pathways. One group of fibers leaves the rostral thalamus by the fornix, pierces the corpus callosum, joins the cingulate fasciculus to reach limbic cortex. The other group travels through the lateral thalamic peduncle and internal capsule. The anterior ventral nucleus projects primarily to the dorsal retrosplenial area, particularly to layer I, the deep portion of layer II, and superficial portion of layer III. Sparse projections also exist to the ventral retrosplenial area, the cingular area, and the presubiculum. Very sparse projections to the anterior limbic area are seen. The anterior dorsal nucleus projects primarily to the ventral retrosplenial area, particularly layers I, the deep portion of layer II, and superficial layer III. sparse projections exist to the dorsal retrosplenial area and presubiculum, but apparently no projections exist to the cingular or anterior limbic area. The anterior medial nucleus projects primarily to layers I and superficial III of the ventral retrosplenial area. sparse projections exist to each of the other limbic cortical areas. The lateral dorsal nucleus projects extensively onto limbic cortex. Prominent projections occur to layer I, the external granular layer and lamina dessicans of the presubiculum, layers I and III-IV of the dorsal retrosplenial area, and layers I, III, and IV of the cingular area. Sparse projections occur to the ventral retrosplenial area and the anterior limbic areas. Thalamocortical projections also originate in the midline and intralaminar nuclei including the central medial, reuniens, rhomboid, paracentral, central lateral, and central dorsal nuclei. These data indicate that the anterior thalamic nuclei project upon limbic cortex in a complex manner. Further, the projections to limbic cortex from the anterior nuclei overlap with projections from the lateral dorsal nucleus. This overlap of thalamic projections onto limbic cortex suggests a convergence of information from nonprimary sensory systems with information from the classical limbic system. PMID- 7204660 TI - Thalamic connections with limbic cortex. II. Corticothalamic projections. AB - The corticothalamic projections from the cat limbic cortex have been investigated with anterograde and retrograde axonal transport techniques. Five limbic cortical areas-the anterior limbic area, the cingular area, the granular and dysgranular retrosplenial areas, and the presubiculum-were identified on the basis of their cytoarchitecture. Emphasis was placed on determining the laminar distribution of the cells of origin of the efferent projections, the projection pathways, and the sites of termination within the thalamus. Projections to the thalamus originate in layers V and VI of limbic cortex. In the cingular region the cells of origin are predominantly in layer V and to a lesser extent in layer VI, while the majority of cells projecting from the more caudal retrosplenial areas and presubiculum are in layer VI. There are two fiber pathways from each cortical area to the thalamus. One system of fibers passes through the internal capsule and lateral thalamic peduncle, and a second system travels in the cingulate fasciculus before piercing the corpus callosum to join the postcommissural fornix. The lateral dorsal nucleus and the anterior nuclear group, including the anterior dorsal, anterior ventral, and anterior medial nuclei, are the major thalamic recipients of projections from limbic cortex. Corticothalamic projections also terminate sparsely in the midline and intralaminar nuclear complex, including the central lateral, central dorsal, paracentral, central medial, rhomboid, and reuniens nuclei. Projections from the anterior limbic area project predominantly to the anterior medial, central lateral, and paracentral nuclei. the anterior ventral nucleus, anterior medial nucleus, and lateral dorsal nucleus are the major thalamic recipients of projections from the cingular area, the granular and dysgranular retrosplenial areas, and the presubiculum. It appears that the anterior dorsal nucleus receives afferents only from the dysgranular retrosplenial area. Bilateral cortico-thalamic projections were found in the anterior medial, dorsal medial, central lateral, central medial, paracentral, and reuniens nuclei. PMID- 7204661 TI - Efferent vestibular neurons: a study employing retrograde tracer methods in the pigeon (Columba livia). AB - Efferent neurons innervating the vestibular labyrinth and cochlea of the pigeon have been identified by means of a variety of retrograde tracers: [3H]-adenosine (Ad), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), Evan's Blue (EB) and Bisbenzimide (Bb). Discrete injections into individual cristae ampullares of the semicircular canals, into the macula utriculi, or into several of these end organs resulted in similar patterns of neuronal labelling. Efferent vestibular neurons were always found within a small portion of the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (RP), ventrolateral to the abducens nucleus on both sides. No systemic difference in the locations of labelled cells was found following injection into different sensory epithelia. Cell counts following injections into individual cristae did not differ significantly from those following injections into all three cristae. The injections into all cristae in both labyrinths yielded cell counts that were much lower than twice the number of cells labelled by injections into the three cristae on one side only. When HRP was injected into the right lateral canal crista and Ad into the right posterior canal crista, a high proportion of neurons was labelled with both compounds (61% of the HRP-labelled cells and 67% of the Ad labelled cells). Injections of EB into all three cristae on the right side and Bb into all three cristae on the left side produced a smaller percentage of doubly labelled cells (10% of the EB-labelled cells and 6% of the Bb-labelled cells). It is concluded, therefore, that there is a considerable degree of collateralization within one labyrinth. Fewer collaterals of efferent neurons are directed to both labyrinths. Since each semicircular canal represents head rotation in one direction and one plane, it is unlikely that efferents which contact several different movement sensors can provide sensory motor control that is specific for directions and planes of head movements. Control injections of these tracers into the cochlea yielded labelled cells in a different reticular structure, the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis lateralis (Pgc), on both sides, as well as in the RP. It is proposed that the Pgc cells represent cochlear efferents, while the RP neurons are related to the macula lagenae, an otolithic organ of balance in the pigeon. PMID- 7204662 TI - The site of origin and route and rate of migration of neurons to the hippocampal region of the rhesus monkey. AB - The site of origin and route and rate of migration of neurons in the developing hippocampal region of the rhesus monkey were studied with tritiated thymidine (3H TdR) autoradiography. Analysis of specimens sacrificed approximately 1 hour after exposure to 3H-TdR shows that the neurons destined for the hippocampus and subiculum are generated exclusively in the ventricular zone lining the medial wall of the lateral cerebral ventricle. In contrast, neurons of the parahippocampal formation are generated in two proliferative zones: The majority of neurons destined for the lamina principalis interna arise from the ventricular zone, whereas most of those destined for the lamina principalis externa originate from the subventricular zone. The neurons of the dentate gyrus are also generated in two locations: in the ventricular zone (between E38 and E85) and within the prospective hilus of the dentate gyrus (from E58 up to approximately 3 months after birth). Analysis of specimens sacrificed at progressively longer intervals after exposure to 3H-TdR indicates that neurons destined for all of the subdivisions of the hippocampal region (except those cells generated in the hilus of the dentate gyrus) migrate through the intermediate zone, bypassing previously generated neurons on their way to the superficial limits of the developing cortical plate. Estimated migration rates are approximately 15 micrometer/day in the sector of the hippocampal formation, about 100 micrometer/day in the parahippocampal formation, and about 15 micrometer/day in the region of adjacent neocortex. Thus simultaneously generated neurons destined for three distinct cytoarchitectonic areas have significantly different rates of cell migration. These differences are unrelated to the length of cell trajectories and may depend on the mechanism of cell translocation and/or the timing of signals that initiate cell movement. The differential rate of migration indicates that the fate of postmitotic cells may be determined before they have reached their final destination. PMID- 7204663 TI - Reciprocity of receptive field images and point images in the superior colliculus of the cat. AB - The largest receptive fields mapped during microelectrode penetrations through the upper strata of the cat's superior colliculus vary substantially in size and shape in different collicular regions. Previous work has shown that when these large fields are plotted in the retinotopic map of the colliculus, their profiles become elliptical and vary little in size and orientation over the central regions of the map. Such profiles are called the receptive field images (RFIs) in the visual coordinate system of the colliculus. Of particular interest here is the relationship of these RFIs to the region of the colliculus occupied by cell whose receptive fields include a common visual point. We call this region the point image in the colliculus. A straightforward geometric argument indicates that the point image in the upper collicular strata should have the same size, shape, and orientation as the RFIs of the large-field cells recorded here, if, indeed, these RFIs are translationally invariant as suggested by the earlier studies. The experiments reported here directly assessed the translational invariance of large-field RFIs in the superior colliculi of individual cats. The results support the previous inference that the profiles are oval with their long axes oriented mediolaterally. The mediolateral and anteroposterior dimensions of the profiles were about 2.7 and 2.0 mm, respectively, wherever they were measured in the central regions of the colliculus. Since the boundaries of the point images in the superficial strata must have similar shape and dimensions, these data indicate that a visual point is "seen" by collicular cells spread through a substantial fraction of the tissue receiving the projection of the contralateral visual field. PMID- 7204664 TI - Direct retinal projections to the hypothalamus, piriform cortex, and accessory optic nuclei in the golden hamster as demonstrated by a sensitive anterograde horseradish peroxidase technique. AB - The central projections of the retinal ganglion cells of the golden hamster were examined using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as the anterograde tracer molecule. Following monocular injections of HRP into the vitreous, retinofugal fibers were histochemically demonstrated using the chromagen tetramethylbenzidine. This procedure, being more sensitive than the 3H-amino acid radioautographic technique, provided a clear demonstration of previously controversial retinal projections, clearer definition of established projections, and the discovery of new retinal pathways. An inferior accessory optic system was shown to be unequivocally present in this species and to consist of both crossed and uncrossed components. A direct retinal projection to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus was confirmed in this study. But the distribution of terminals as seen by this procedure was substantially different than previously reported; both rostrocaudal and mediolateral asymmetries in the distribution of label between the ipsilateral and contralateral SCN were observed. Substantial differences in the retinal projection to the SCN in the hamster and the rat were also noted. It is suggested that these differences may reflect the different effects photic input has on the neuro-endocrine-gonadal axis in these two species. Finally, labeled retinal axons were followed leaving the optic tract and coursing anteriorly through the plexiform layer of the piriform cortex; other labeled fibers were seen to enter the septal region. The physiological significance of these previously undescribed retinal projections is not known. PMID- 7204665 TI - The representation of the auditory and somatosensory systems in the external nucleus of the cat inferior colliculus. AB - Parallel single unit and retrograde tracing experiments were carried out in the anesthetized cat to elucidate the representation of the auditory and somatosensory systems in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX). Units responding to tonal stimuli were more commonly encountered in ICX and the adjacent intercollicular area (ICA) than were units with identified tactile receptive fields. Concomitantly, a larger number of retrogradely labeled cells were identified in midbrain auditory structures, following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into CRX, than were found in the combined dorsal column nuclei. Microelectrode recording revealed that the entire accessible body surface was represented in ICX, and receptive fields of individual units were usually large and mostly located on the contralateral side. HRP-labeled cells were scattered throughout the contralateral cuneate, gracile, and spinal trigeminal nuclei. tations of tone pips. Responses to complex sound were commonly observed. Binaural stimuli influenced the firing of the majority of auditory units. Labeled auditory neurons following ICX injections were found mainly in the inferior colliculus of both sides. Spread of tracer into the central and pericentral nuclei was associated with labeling of many neurons in hind brain auditory structures. Only vague suggestions of somatotopy or tonotopy were observed in the electrophysiological experiments; similarly, no topographical relationship between HRP injection site and locus of retrograde label in a given projecting nucleus could be discerned. Speculations were made, in the light of the dual convergent sensory representation in ICX, about the role of this structure in acoustico-motor mechanisms. PMID- 7204666 TI - Morphology of the giant interneurons and cercal nerve projections of the American cockroach. AB - We have investigated the morphology of the giant interneurons (GIs) and the main sensory projections to these interneurons in the American cockroach. These neurons are thought to mediate the animal's escape behavior. We describe here the dendritic branching pattern of each of the 14 GIs (7 bilateral pairs) in the terminal ganglion, the pattern of projection of the cercal sensory nerve, and the overlap of the cercal projections with the dendrites of the GIs. Visualization of the GIs and cercal nerve projection was accomplished by single cell injection and axonal backfilling with cobalt. Comparisons of the same identified GI in different animals show the position of the soma and the locations and orientations of the major processes are characteristic for each GI. The axons of the cercal nerve project to a well-defined ipsilateral region of the terminal ganglion. After entering the terminal ganglion, the cercal afferents split into lateral and medial tracts. The projections of the lateral cercal tract overlap extensively with the dendritic fields of the GIs. In contrast, the medial tract does not overlap the dendritic fields of the GIs in the posterior portion of the ganglion and shows only a small degree of overlap in the anterior portion. Correlations between physiological properties of the GIs and cercal afferents are discussed in relation to our anatomical findings. PMID- 7204667 TI - Localization of neurons in the rat spinal cord which project to the superior cervical ganglion. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to determine the location in the spinal cord of neurons projecting to the superior cervical ganglion of the rat. HRP was applied to the proximal cut end of the cervical sympathetic trunk, close to its entry into the superior cervical ganglion. After survival times of 3, 6, or 9 days, the animals were sacrificed and their spinal cords were processed to visualize HRP using diaminobenzidine, benzidine dihydrochloride, or tetramethylbenzidine. Labeled neurons were found only ipsilateral to the site of HRP application and were restricted to spinal segments C8-T5. Ninety percent of these neurons were located in segments T1-T3. Similar numbers of labeled neurons were found at survival times of 3 and 6 days and the mean number +/- S.E.M. for 11 experiments at these two survival times was 1575 +/- 89. Nine days after application of HRP the mean number of labeled cells and the density of label per cell were reduced. Labeled neurons were found in four regions of the spinal cord: the intermediolateral nucleus (75%), the lateral funiculus (23%), the central autonomic area (1%), and the intercalated region (1%). The cells of the intermediolateral nucleus did not form a continuous column along the rostrocaudal axis of the spinal cord, but instead were often found in clusters, several clusters being present per spinal segment. PMID- 7204668 TI - The time of origin of neurons in the hippocampal region of the rhesus monkey. AB - The time of origin of neurons in the hippocampal region was determined in a series of rhesus monkeys, each of which had been exposed to a pulse of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) at a different time during ontogeny and sacrificed between the second and fifth month after birth. No heavily labeled cells were found in the hippocampal region of animals exposed to 3H-TdR before embryonic day 33 (E33). Exposure to 3H-TdR given at E36 labels a few neurons in the deepest layers of the entorhinal area, and 3H-TdR given at E38 labels a small number of neurons in all hippocampal subdivisions. Although the first neurons are generated almost simultaneously throughout the hippocampal region, the proliferation ceases at a different time in each subdivision. The last neurons destined for the entorhinal area and presubiculum are generated between E70 and E75, whereas the last parasubicular neurons are generated between E75 and E80. The production of neurons that form the subiculum ends about two weeks earlier, between E56 and E65. Within the hippocampus, genesis of pyramidal cells ends between E70 and E80 in area CA1, between E56 and E65 in area CA2, between E65 and E80 in area CA1, between E56 and E65 in area CA2, between E65 and E70 in area CA3, and between E75 and E80 in area CA4. In contrast, the genesis of granule cells of the fascia dentata is considerably prolonged. It continues throughout the second half of gestation, declines steadily in the course of the first postnatal month, and tapers off during the next 2 months. There is a distinct inside-to-outside spatiotemporal gradient in the parahippocampal formation and in the stratum pyramidale of both the subiculum and hippocampus. In contrast, the spatiotemporal pattern of granule cell origin in the dentate gyrus is outside-to-inside. Furthermore, granule cells generated between E36 and E80 are distributed in a distinct suprapyramidal-to-infrapyramidal gradient, whereas those generated at later ages are distributed evenly throughout the fascia dentata. Correlation of the present findings with histological data on hippocampal neurogenesis in the human brain demonstrates that the timing and sequence of developmental events as well as spatiotemporal gradients are similar in both primate species. PMID- 7204669 TI - Two visual pathways to the telencephalon in the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum). I. Retinal projections. AB - The central projections of the retina in the nurse shark were studied by anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and tritiated proline. With regard to efferent retinal fibers, both techniques gave completely identical results. Projections were found to pretectal area, dorsal thalamus, basal optic nucleus, and optic tectum, all at the contralateral side. The retinal target cells in the dorsal thalamus are restricted to the ventrolateral optic nucleus and the posterior optic nucleus. No evidence was found for an earlier-reported projection to the lateral geniculate nucleus. The present findings show that the ventrolateral optic nucleus exhibits homological features of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in other vertebrate groups, whereas the lateral geniculate nucleus of the nurse shark is much more comparable to the nucleus rotundus of teleosts and birds and would be more appropriately so named. The application of the HRP technique also allowed us to study afferents to the retina by retrograde transport of tracer. Retrogradely labeled cells were observed in the contralateral optic tectum and are apparently similar to those reported for teleosts and birds. PMID- 7204670 TI - Two visual pathways to the telencephalon in the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum). II. Ascending thalamo-telencephalic connections. AB - As part of a study on retino-telencephalic pathways the ascending connections to the telencephalic central nucleus were investigated by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The central nucleus of the telencephalon, which is the main recipient for input from the brainstem, grossly can be divided into three rostrocaudal parts according to their afferent connections. The rostral third receives input mainly from the contralateral central thalamic nucleus and to a lesser degree from the lateral geniculate nucleus, periventricular gray, and a nucleus called the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum. The middle third of the central nucleus maintains an afferent connection with contralateral lateral geniculate, ventrolateral optic, and central thalamic nucleus, with the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum and periventricular gray bilaterally, and with a group of cells in the superior raphe nucleus. Caudal central nucleus injections of HRP resulted in labeling of cells in the contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus, ventral mesencephalic tegmentum, and central thalamic bilaterally, and in the superior raphe nucleus preoptic area and periventricular gray. From these results it can be concluded that visual information may reach the central telencephalic nucleus by two separate pathways: one pathway from retina via ventrolateral optic nucleus to the middle third of the central nucleus, and a second pathway from retina to optic tectum, which reportedly projects to the lateral geniculate nucleus, which in turn provides afferents to the caudal two-thirds of the central nucleus. As such the nurse shark's visual system possesses structural features that are homologous to the two visual systems of higher vertebrate groups. PMID- 7204672 TI - Fine structure and organization of the infrared receptor relay, the lateral descending nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in pit vipers. AB - The morphology of the nucleus of the lateral descending tract of V has been studied in species of two genera of pit vipers, cottonmouth moccasin (Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus), and rattlesnake (Crotalus ruber and Crotalus horridus horridus). The nucleus is the site of termination of primary afferent neurons forming the infrared receptors in the facial pits. It is located on the external surface of the common descending tract of V and contains somata that range in size from 7 to 22 micrometer in A. p. piscivorus and 7 to 27 micrometer in C. ruber. Electron microscopy reveals that the lateral descending tract contains both A delta and C fibers. Degeneration experiments indicate that the A delta fibers are primary afferents. The source of the C fibers is unknown. The lateral descending nucleus in both the cottonmouth and rattlesnake is fundamentally similar in organization. Afferent terminals containing clear spherical vesicles make synaptic contact with dendritis processes within the main neuropil. These axon terminals are also postsynaptic to boutons containing pleomorphic vesicles and some large dense-core vesicles. The C fibers terminate in a neuropil at the margin of the lateral descending tract on small dendritic processes that appear to come from neurons within the nucleus. This neuropil is found external to the tract in the cottonmouth and internal to the tract in the rattlesnake. The terminals contain clear spherical vesicles and large dense-core vesicles. The singularity of input to this nucleus is apparently reflected in the morphology. This is discussed in relation to the subnucleus caudalis of the mammalian brainstem. PMID- 7204671 TI - Fate of the hippocampal mossy fiber projection after destruction of its postsynaptic targets with intraventricular kainic acid. AB - Intraventricular injections of kainic acid were used to create a model of selective cell death in order to study the fate of afferent projections that are deprived of their postsynaptic targets. This treatment rapidly destroyed hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells, but not those neurons that give rise to their mossy fiber and entorhinal afferents. Light microscopic studies with the Timm's sulfide silver stain indicated that half or more of the mossy fiber boutons in area CA3b were lost within the first 1-3 days after kainic acid administration. This finding was confirmed by electron microscopy. Electron-dense, usually vacuolated mossy fiber boutons accounted for about 10-20% of the total population present at a 4-hour survival time, but were not encountered in control rats nor at survival times longer than 1 day. Other mossy fiber boutons remained electron lucent, but enlarged, became more rounded in shape, and suffered an apparent loss of synaptic vesicles. It is suggested that degeneration of some mossy fiber boutons and resorption of others into the axon may have accounted for the precipitous decline in their number. The dendritic excrescences contacted by these boutons were nearly all undergoing electron-dense degeneration 4 hours after kainic acid administration. In rats that survived 6-8 weeks mossy fiber boutons remained somewhat scarce, individual boutons appeared relatively small, and only one-third the normal percentage were observed to be engaged in more than one synaptic contact within a single cross section. A qualitative electron microscopic study of the entorhinal projection to area CA3 suggested a response to kainic acid treatment similar to that of the mossy fiber projection, except that no entorhinal boutons were seen to become electron dense. These findings suggest that presynaptic fibers in the mature hippocampus adjust the size of their terminal arborizations and number of synaptic contacts to accommodate a reduction in the target cell population. The rapid loss of mossy fiber boutons may be attributable to an unusual fragility of these structures when they are deprived of the mechanical support normally provided by the pyramidal cell. Finally, the ability of kainic acid administration to alter the number and distribution of presynaptic elements must be taken into account whenever this toxin is used to make selective lesions of postsynaptic cells. PMID- 7204673 TI - The distribution and sizes of ganglion cells in the retinas of five Australian marsupials. AB - Maps of ganglion-cell distribution have been constructed from whole-mounted retinas of five Australian marsupial species. The pademelon wallaby (Thylogale billiardieri), the scrub wallaby or tammar (Macropus eugenii), and the carnivorous Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harissi) have both a visual streak and an area centralis. The retina of the brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) also shows both these features but they are less prominent than in the former three species, whereas the burrow-dwelling, hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) possesses a well-developed visual streak but seems to lack an area centralis. A study of ganglion-cell sizes comparing nasal and temporal retina, the visual streak, and/or the area centralis was undertaken in each species. Results show that as in the cat, small ganglion cells tend to concentrate in the visual streak. However, the temporal-nasal differences in cell sizes described in the cat (Stone et al., '80) could be detected only in those marsupials in which an area centralis was clearly recognizable. PMID- 7204674 TI - Hematogenous cells in the central nervous system of developing human embryos and fetuses. AB - Examination of large blocks of Epon-embedded, 1.0-micrometer sections of human embryos and fetuses reveal the presence of hematogenous cells in various stages of differentiation in neural tissue. In every embryo and fetus of 10 weeks ovulation age and younger, hematogenous cells are found randomly scattered in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Many of these cells appear to undergo spontaneous degeneration in neural tissue and become rarer in older fetuses. Also identified in the neuropil of normal embryos and fetuses are cells with the typical morphological appearance of macrophage containing numerous inclusions of various kinds, both inside and outside the blood vessels. In addition, scattered in the subpial, perivascular, and perineuronal regions of the neural parenchyma are small cells with fusiform nuclei and a small amount of cytoplasm as well as cells with a moderate amount of elongated cytoplasm containing various inclusions and oblong nuclei. All of these cells have clumped heterochromatin along the nuclear membrane which differs from other neuroectodermal cells of the developing human CNS. Although there is no direct evidence to indicate transformation of macrophages to "microglia" or vice versa, the presence of cells having similar nuclear morphology and chromatin pattern while appearing to be transitional forms of macrophage, varying from undifferentiated to fully developed, suggest a common lineage of these latter types. It is concluded that migration of hematogenous cells into neural tissue is a ubiquitous developmental phenomenon in young human embryos and fetuses. PMID- 7204675 TI - Suntan parlors: what you should know. PMID- 7204676 TI - Perinatal gangrene of the buttock: an iatrogenic or spontaneous condition? AB - Three cases of neonatal gangrene of the buttock are reported. They were characterized by: localization to the skin and muscles of one buttock; sudden onset, minutes after birth; sciatic palsy in two of three and absence of known causes, except for an umbilical injection at birth in two of three. This procedure seems responsible in the first two; the etiology of the apparently spontaneous third case is discussed. PMID- 7204677 TI - Subungual epidermal cyst. AB - A patient developed a painful subungual lesion which was an epidermal cyst on biopsy. The incidence and pathogenesis of subungual epidermal cysts are reviewed. This usually asymptomatic tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subungual lesions. PMID- 7204680 TI - Palmar-plantar hyperhidrosis occurring in a kindred with nail-patella syndrome. AB - Nail-patella syndrome (NPS) is an autosomal dominant genetic defect, which may be associated with, or closely linked to, the locus controlling palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis (HH). A clinical review of a family with NPS involving six generations was performed. Data were accumulated by personal examination and analysis of medical and family records for the trials characterizing NPS as well as the coincidence of HH. A family pedigree of each entity was constructed and the pedigree for HH was compared to the NPS pedigree. Thirty-three of sixty-eight members of the extended family were affected with NPS and nine members had HH. The NPS pedigree supported the previously known autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The incidence of HH indicated a direct inheritance and occurred only in members affected with NPS. The pedigree provides evidence for concluding that HH occurred as a spontaneous mutation transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait closely linked to NPS or that HH represents a previous unrecognized associated disorder. PMID- 7204679 TI - Analysis of hair from alopecia congenita. AB - Two patients with alopecia congenita had short vellus hairs of the scalp but some apparently normal-sized hairs in other areas. Both fibrous and matrix proteins were detected in the scalp hairs by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and x-ray diffraction analysis revealed a normal alpha pattern. Amino acid analysis showed a decreased cystine content suggesting a quantitative or qualitative change in the matrix component. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed pits and bulges in the cuticle cells which may be related to wearing a wig. The data suggest a defect in the development of the follicle rather than an abnormality in a component of the hair. PMID- 7204681 TI - Actinic comedonal plaque. AB - Solitary plaques developed on the sun-exposed and damaged skin of five elderly, fair-skinned individuals. The lesions, erythematous to bluish confluent nodules and plaques with a cribriform appearance and comedone-like structures, presented a distinctive histologic picture of dilated, keratin-filled follicles within a matrix of amorphous, damaged collagen. We believe these cases demonstrate a distinct entity within the realm of actinic dermatoses, for which the name "actinic comedonal plaque" seems appropriate. PMID- 7204678 TI - Incidence of skin cancers in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with ocal tar. A 25-year follow-up study. AB - Coal tar ointments have been used for many years in the treatment of chronic eczematoid dermatitis. The possible carcinogenic effect of coal tar ointment and ultraviolet light (Goeckerman regimen), considered individually or in combination, has been of concern to physicians. A 25-year follow-up study was completed on 426 patients with atopic dermatitis and neurodermatitis who were hospitalized and treated with coal tar ointments and ultraviolet light at the Mayo Clinic from 1950 through 1954. These results were compared with those from a similar study that examined patients with psoriasis who also were treated with coal tar ointments and ultraviolet light. The results of this study suggest that the incidence of skin cancer is not significantly increased above the expected incidence for selected populations of the United States. This study offers reassurance about the relatively small risk of skin cancer developing in patients with atopic dermatitis and neurodermatitis treated with coal tar ointments and ultraviolet light (Goeckerman regimen). PMID- 7204682 TI - Tar, ultraviolet light, PUVA, and cancer. PMID- 7204683 TI - A golden opportunity. PMID- 7204684 TI - CME examinations: one year of experience. AB - Since its inception, the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (JAAD) has provided physicians with an opportunity to earn Category I CME credit by completing an examination on CME articles that appear in the Journal. Since July, 1979, an average of 748 physicians per month have participated in this program. The Academy office has developed a computer analysis program for each of these examinations. This analysis includes: (1) item analysis, (2) difficulty and discrimination indices, (3) descriptive statistics, (4) reliability coefficient, (5) raw score distribution, and (6) percentile distribution. This article provides a detailed description of the above statistical treatments along with an analysis of CME examination performance during the first year of publication (July, 1979-June, 1980). PMID- 7204685 TI - Cutaneous amyloidosis. A case report of the tumefactive variant and a review of the spectrum of clinical presentations. AB - A case of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis is presented to illustrate the spectrum of cutaneous amyloidosis. The clinical, pathologic, and pathogenic characteristics of amyloidosis syndromes are briefly reviewed and summarized. PMID- 7204686 TI - Benzoyl peroxide: percutaneous penetration and metabolic disposition. AB - The transepidermal penetration and metabolic disposition of 14C-benzoyl peroxide were assessed in vitro (excised human skin) and in vivo (rhesus monkey). In vitro, the benzoyl peroxide penetrated into the skin, through the stratum corneum or the follicular openings, or both, and was recovered on the dermal side as benzoic acid. In vivo, benzoic acid was recovered from urine in amounts equivalent to 45% and 98% of the radiolabel following, respectively, topical and intramuscular administration of small amounts of 14C-benzoyl peroxide. We conclude that benzoyl peroxide penetrates as such into the skin layers and is converted therein to benzoic acid, which, in turn is absorbed into the systemic circulation. Renal clearance of the metabolite is sufficiently rapid as to preclude its hepatic conjugation with glycine, since following topical administration to rhesus monkeys, no hippuric acid was found in the urine, as could have been expected had a significant amount of benzoic acid passed through the liver. PMID- 7204687 TI - Isolated nodular cutaneous coccidioidomycosis. The initial manifestation of disseminated disease. AB - Cutaneous manifestations of coccidioidomycosis may be divided into primary and secondary lesions. Since such lesions may be the only evidence of infection, the distinction is important. Primary (inoculation) lesions are rare. Secondary lesions develop from primary pulmonary disease, commonly. An isolated nodule on the scalp was the presenting sign of disseminated coccidioidomycosis in our patient. Because of the rarity of primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis, cutaneous lesions due to it should alert the physician to the presence of disseminated disease. The clinical spectrum of such lesions is wide. Our patient was an elderly man with a hyperkeratotic scalp nodule clinically felt to be an actinic keratosis or an early squamous cell carcinoma. We suggest that patients with a travel or resident history in endemic areas be viewed with a high index of suspicion for skin lesions of cutaneous coccidioidomycosis. The advent of orally administered imidazole antifungal agents makes early and aggressive diagnosis of these lesions even more important. PMID- 7204688 TI - Phytosterolemia and type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia with tuberous xanthomas. AB - A patient with phytosterolemia and type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia with tuberous xanthomas is described. The plant sterols, beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol, were identified in plasma and the xanthomas; to our knowledge, this is the first case of phytosterolemia and xanthomatosis in a Japanese. PMID- 7204689 TI - Eruptive blue nevi. AB - A 14-year-old boy developed a cluster of blue nevi after a severe sunburn. The relationship between cutaneous injury and the development of blue nevi is discussed. PMID- 7204690 TI - Computerized axial tomography in the early diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. AB - Tuberous sclerosis is characterized by epilepsy, mental retardation, and adenoma sebaceum. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) is a noninvasive laboratory test that can assist in the diagnosis of this syndrome radiologically. A positive CAT scan is often present before the calcifications are noted on skull x-rays and the pathognomonic cutaneous findings appear. Four cases of tuberous sclerosis are presented with their diagnostic CAT scan findings. PMID- 7204691 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda complicating Wilson's disease. AB - A young woman is described in whom symptomatic porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) developed during copper chelation therapy for Wilson's disease. Termination of ethanol ingestion and oral contraceptive use resulted in cessation of blistering skin lesions and reduction in urinary porphyrin excretion. This is the first recorded coincidence of these two rare hepatic diseases. Therapeutic implications are discussed. PMID- 7204693 TI - Recertification and relicensure: a physician's viewpoint. PMID- 7204692 TI - Recertification and relicensure: a consumer's viewpoint. PMID- 7204694 TI - Nail growth direction revisited. Why do nails grow out instead of up? AB - In some investigations Kligman has been thought to have shown that the cul-de-sac in which the nail is formed determines that it should grow outward instead of upward. However, results obtained during the course of nail surgery for chronic paronychia and electron microscopic studies, along with genetic evidence, fail to confirm his observation on the effect of the proximal nail fold on nail growth direction. The whole subject of direction of nail growth remains questionable and worthy of further consideration. PMID- 7204695 TI - Photochemotherapy of psoriasis: risk:benefit ratios. PMID- 7204697 TI - Hormonal interaction with stimulus and situational factors in the initiation of maternal behavior in nonpregnant rats. AB - Previous hormonal studies have identified the hormonal and stimulus factors mediating the initiation of maternal behavior but have failed to reduce hormone induced latencies of nonpregnant females to less than 1-2 days of continuous pup exposure. For the purpose of testing whether this delay is due to an olfactory vomeronasal-mediated aversive reaction to pups like that found in untreated virgins, estrogen-injected hysterectomized-ovariectomized (HO-EB) nonpregnant females were subjected to olfactory-vomeronasal deafferentation. Median latencies were reduced to 0 and 1.5 hr compared with 72 hr for HO-EB nondeafferented females, which indicates that normally after HO-EB treatment, tendencies to initially avoid pup contact remain strong. Next, the hypothesis was explored that experiences during late pregnancy and/or parturition interact with hormonal priming to modify pup avoidance. Nonpregnant HO-EB females that had been exposed to pregnant-parturient females for 2 wk were tested under conditions simulating parturition. A high percentage rapidly initiated maternal behavior, but conditions during testing proved more important than prior exposure to pregnancy/parturition. The contributions of three stimulus/situation factors were analyzed: pup age--newborn versus 3-8 day; method of pup presentation--four at once versus staggered introduction; and time of day--lights versus dark phase. Hormonally treated but not sham-treated females initiated maternal behavior most rapidly when first exposed to one newborn in the nest during the light phase (76% within 1.5 hr). Prepartum caesarean-delivered females, however, responded maternally to four 3-8-day-old pups outside the nest, which indicates that additional factors operate at parturition. PMID- 7204696 TI - Effect of controlled rearing on the development of stimulus-seeking behavior in rats. AB - In three experiments, the performance of differentially reared rats was compared at 15 through 90 days of age in an experimental situation in which the amount of self-exposure to various lighted displays was being measured. The kind of visual array preferred by these animals was significantly influenced by both their ages and visual stimulation histories. Preference for light arrays involving features significantly increased in the case of light-reared and bias-reared rats beginning at 60 days of age. At the same time, a preference for diffuse light stimulation emerged in the case of their dark-reared (DR) controls. Although the significant increase in light-seeking exhibited by all groups of animals at 60 days of age was found to be unrelated to previous testing in the situation, the visual experience associated with repeated tests did "protect" DR rats from the decline in light-seeking observed after prolonged visual deprivation. Potential species differences and the nature and specificity of these changes in visual behavior are further discussed with respect to the role of early experience in visual development. PMID- 7204698 TI - Early and late acquisition of discriminative neuronal activity during differential conditioning in rabbits: specificity within the laminae of cingulate cortex and the anteroventral thalamus. AB - Multiple-unit activity of the cingulate cortex and the anteroventral (AV) nucleus of the thalamus was recorded during discriminative conditioning of an avoidance response (locomotion) in rabbits. The results indicated a greater unit response in cingulate cortex to the positive conditional stimulus (CS+; a tone paired with a footshock unconditional stimulus [UCS]) relative to the negative conditional stimulus (CS-; a tone randomly interspersed with the positive stimuli but never paired with the UCS). The majority of neuronal records obtained from the deep laminae (V and VI) of cingulate cortex manifested first neuronal discrimination in the session of first exposure to conditioning. However, the majority of neuronal records of the superficial laminae (I-IV) showed first discrimination at a late stage of training, during the session in which the criterion of behavioral discrimination was met. The late developing discriminative activity of the superficial laminae was coincident with the late developing discriminative activity of the AV thalamus. Once acquired, neuronal discrimination in cortex persisted throughout 600 msec after CS onset, and during six sessions of training (overtraining) beyond criterion. Analysis of individual neuronal records suggested that the persistence during overtraining resulted from replacement of early fading neuronal discriminations by late neuronal discriminations. PMID- 7204700 TI - Peripheral autonomic mechanisms and Pavlovian conditioning in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). AB - The present experiments examined the effects of peripheral administration of atropine methyl nitrate and 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide on differential classical conditioning or eye-blink (EB) and heart rate (HR) responses in the rabbit. Atropine decreased HR conditioned response (CR) magnitude and increased baseline HR, although the latter declined somewhat over the first few sessions of the experiment. As baseline HR declined, EB CRs increased in animals treated with atropine. However, the acquisition of the EB response was impaired in these subjects compared with animals treated with saline. The administration of 6 hydroxydopamine produced an impairment of the HR response early and late during acquisition but had no effect on EB conditioning. Control experiments suggested that the impairments produced by methyl atropine were not due to general somatomotor deficits or to a differential sensitivity to the electric shock unconditioned stimulus. The conditioning data are consistent with the Laceys' peripheral afferent feedback hypothesis of autonomic-somatic relations. PMID- 7204699 TI - Cingulate cortical and anterior thalamic neuronal correlates of reversal learning in rabbits. AB - Unit activity of the cingulate cortex and the anteroventral (AV) nucleus of the thalamus in rabbits was recorded during reversal training following differential conditioning of a locomotory (wheel rotation) avoidance response. The positive and negative conditional stimuli (CS+ and CS-) were pure tones (1 kHz and 8 kHz), and the unconditional stimulus was footshock (1.5 mA). During the first session, activity appropriate to the original task (i.e., a greater neuronal response to the CS- than to the CS+) occurred in the deep cortical laminae (V and VI), but the superficial laminae (I-IV) manifested the original discrimination in certain records and the reverse discrimination in others. All discriminative effects diminished during subsequent sessions except the short-latency (25-msec) deep laminar original discrimination, which persisted throughout reversal training. Activity of the AV nucleus underwent gradual transition, in parallel with the behavior, from the original to the reverse discrimination. Arousal-producing footshocks given after behavioral reversal educed the original and reverse discriminations in the deep and superficial laminae, respectively. These data are interpreted to indicate the role of cingulate cortex and anterior thalamus for encoding the associative significance of the conditional stimuli. PMID- 7204701 TI - Peripheral 6-hydroxydopamine administration in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): effects on Pavlovian conditioning. AB - The present experiment studied the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration and adrenal enucleation on differential classical conditioning of somatic and cardiovascular changes in the rabbit. Heart rate and blood pressure conditioned responses (CRs) were relatively large decreases in rate and slight depressor responses, respectively, which were both attenuated by 6-OHDA administration and adrenal demedullation. Frequency of eye-blink response to the reinforced conditioned stimulus was diminished by sympathetic interference during the middle sessions of conditioning, thus producing a decrement in eye-blink discrimination. Electromyographic CRs, on the other hand, were not affected by peripheral catecholamine reduction. These results are discussed in terms of the role of afferent autonomic feedback in influencing the acquisition of somatomotor behaviors. PMID- 7204702 TI - Drinking in rhesus monkeys: role of presystemic and systemic factors in control of drinking. AB - The effect of 24-hr water deprivation and subsequent drinking on systemic fluid balance was determined in rhesus monkeys prepared with indwelling cardiac catheters. Significant intracellular and extracellular depletions, as indicated by increased plasma sodium concentrations, osmolality, and plasma protein concentrations, resulted from the deprivation. An early attenuation in rehydrational drinking rate (2--4 min) was not associated with changes in systemic fluid balance, which suggests presystemic influences on behavior at this time. When drinking terminated (10 min), however, plasma dilution was significant. In experiments in which monkeys were sham drinking (open gastric cannula), water but not isotonic saline infusions, given through an intestinal cannula, reduced drinking rate and produced significant plasma dilution. Intravenous water infusions reduced drinking to only a comparable extent despite more rapid and substantial plasma dilution. Thus, systemic absorption does not account entirely for the effect of intestinal water infusions on drinking. It is concluded that stimulation of mechanisms both presystemically (within the intestine or the hepatic portal circulation) and systemically is important in the control and termination of rehydrational drinking in this species. PMID- 7204703 TI - Autoshaping and food acquisition in mice: a genetic analysis. AB - A genetic analysis was undertaken for a number of quantitative behavioral characters that were hypothesized to be components in a generalized feeding pattern. These measures included open-field activity, rate of food ingestion, and rate of development of an autoshaped operant response. Four strains of inbred laboratory mice were used as subjects in a diallel cross design. Standard analytical procedures, including the Hayman analysis of variance and the Jinks variance-covariance diagram, were used to interpret the data. The results were evaluated in terms of the contribution of fitness provided by each of the measured characters. It is concluded that both the various open-field measures and the food-consumption measure were of some importance in the evolutionary history of the mouse. The autoshaping measures, on the other hand, showed a pattern of inheritance that differed from the other measures and offered no clear interpretation of their evolutionary significance. PMID- 7204704 TI - Effects of cycloheximide administered in conjunction with nicotine on retention of a passive avoidance task in mice. AB - Retention of a passive avoidance task was studied in mice given either cycloheximide or cycloheximide in combination with nicotine. Two similar experiments were conducted: In the first experiment, the effects, of these drugs were studied in inbred C57Bl/6J mice. In the second experiment, the effects of these drugs were studied in genetically heterogenous mice. Cycloheximide was found to have a deleterious effect on retention of the passive avoidance task. Larger doses of cycloheximide were found to be necessary to disrupt memory in heterogenous mice than in C57Bl/6J animals. Nicotine, when administered in conjunction with cycloheximide, abolished the memory disruptive effects of cycloheximide. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of a time dependent consolidation model of memory storage. PMID- 7204706 TI - Granulomatous vasculitis of Wegener. AB - We report a case of granulomatous vasculitis of Wegener. Systemic involvement occurred in spite of chemotherapy and concomitantly with the development of immunological disturbances. The differential diagnosis with other angiocentric granulomatoses and the estimation of the risk of extension to internal organs are primordial because of their prognostic importance. PMID- 7204705 TI - Auditory intensity discrimination in blackbirds and pigeons. AB - Redwing blackbirds, brown-headed cowbirds, and pigeons were trained with operant conditioning techniques to respond to small increases in the intensity of pulsed tone trains at three frequencies: .5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz. All three species produced similar intensity difference limens (DLs) at the frequencies tested. Intensity DLs decreased as sensation level (intensity level above absolute threshold) increased at all three frequencies, with the slopes of these sensation level functions being greatest at 2.0 kHz . The median intensity DLs at 50 dB sensation level were 3.3, 2.7, and 2.9 dB at .5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz, respectively, averaged over the three species. Some subjects were also required to detect decreases in intensity. They produced intensity DLs two to three times larger than the DLs obtained when these same subjects were required to detect increases in intensity. Avian intensity DLs generally appear to be 1-2 dB higher than the DLs of those mammals that have been tested (rat, cat, monkey, humans). PMID- 7204707 TI - Pagetoid reticulosis and solitary mycosis fungoides. Distinct clinicopathological entities. AB - The two cases reported in this paper allow the differentiation of pagetoid reticulosis from solitary lesions of mycosis on the basis of clinical, histological ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical studies. The first patient presented with a slowly growing asymptomatic scaly plaque of 30 years duration. Histology of the lesion was typical of pagetoid reticulosis. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the abnormal cells present in the cutaneous infiltrate were not T lymphocytes and ultrastructural studies suggested these were of histocytic origin. The second patient presented with a poikilodermatous lesion present for 14 years with histology of plaque stage mycosis fungoides. Enzyme and immunohistochemistry showed the predominant T cell nature of the cutaneous infiltrate and electron microscopy showed numerous mycosis fungoides cells. In contrast to generalized forms of mycosis fungoides, no peripheral blood monocyte chemotactic defect was found in either case. Both lesions responded to radiotherapy. PMID- 7204708 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the dartos muscle. AB - Smooth muscle is seen in the skin in three locations, the arrectores pilorum muscles, the wall of vessels and the specialized muscles in genital skin (the dartos, vulvar, and mamillary muscles of the scrotum, labia majora, and the breast, respectively). We report a case of a leiomyosarcoma of the dartos muscle in a 57-year-old man. The histological features of this tumor are similar to the previously reported cases of leiomyosarcomas of the skin thought to originate in arrectores pilorum muscles and the wall of vessels. PMID- 7204709 TI - Scanning electron microscope visualization of the mammary gland secretory unit and of myoepithelial cells. AB - Mammary gland pieces from lactating mice were incubated for various times up to 4 h in collagenase and then additionally for up to 1.5 h in a mixture of collagenase and hyaluronidase. Tissue then was fixed and prepared for scanning electron microscope viewing. Monitoring of time of enzymic hydrolysis allowed visualization of connective tissue sheets, secretory lobules, blood vessels, alveoli encased in and devoid of basement membrane, secretory epithelia, alveolar milk ducts, and myoepithelial cells. Scanning electron microscope viewing of alveoli in cross section showed good internal micro-anatomy including a valve like arrangement of secretory epithelia at the point of milk duct attachment. Morphology of myoepithelial cells and their relationship to secretory cells and to each other was presented. There was no evidence that myoepithelial cells were interconnected continuously throughout the tissue, but they interlaced over an alveolus; thus, the concept of a limited physiological syncytium was advanced. PMID- 7204710 TI - Intake, digestibility, and rate of passage of silages and hays from wet fractionation of alfalfa. AB - Fibrous products of alfalfa from various steps of the wet fractionation process were either ensiled or dried artificially. Two 4 X 4 Latin square digestion trials for silages and hays were to determine the effect of cell maceration and pressure fractionation on characteristics and acceptability of these products by ruminants. Silage treatments consisted of field wilted, chopped, and ensiled; direct cut and cell macerated; direct cut, cell macerated, and pressed; and repressed silage. Dry matter intake averaged 971, 914, 796, and 763 g/day, respectively. Digestion coefficients were: dry matter 60.1, 56.0, 55.6, and 54.3; cell wall constituents 49.8, 49.4, 49.9, and 50.8 for the treatments. Hay treatments were processed in the same manner as were silages but artificially dried. Dry matter intake averaged 1021, 990, 1025, and 980 g/day; digestibility of cell wall constituents was 44.6, 46.5, 51.4 and 52.7%; total mean retention time was 31.5, 41.8, 45.8, and 46.6 h for the hay treatments. When the fibrous residues were handled as hay, digestibility of fiber components was increased by cell maceration and pressure fractionation, while intake was maintained. PMID- 7204711 TI - Breeding practices on selected North Carolina dairy farms. AB - In 1978, 147 North Carolina dairy farms were surveyed concerning their breeding practices. Average herd size was 121 cows (range 24 to 440). Of 17,773 cows 78.5% and of 4,300 heifers 25.5% were bred by artificial insemination. Approximately 25% of dairymen indicated they had increased artificial insemination in the past 3 yr, whereas 12% reported less. A bull was used on 88% of farms. Herds having the same number of cows but using 100% artificial insemination on the milking herd averaged more days open (13.3), longer calving intervals (.44 mo), and more cows leaving the herd because of reproductive problems (8.3% vs. 5.8%) compared to herds using 80 to 99% artificial insemination. Herds using 0 to 75% artificial insemination were intermediate between the two. Herds using 100% artificial insemination and those using 80 to 99% averaged 7050 kg milk and 1.8 services per conception. Herds using 0 to 75% artificial insemination had lower milk production (480 kg). Larger herds had lower reproductive performance. Herds with higher average milk production had more services per conception. Average estimated transmitting abilities of 88 natural service sires were 371 kg milk, .05% fat and 10 kg fat. PMID- 7204712 TI - Dialysis pruritus: effect of cimetidine. AB - The effect of oral Cimetidine compared to a classic antihistaminic and to a placebo was evaluated, under the double hypothesis of its anti-PTH and anti pruritus action, in a population of patients recently included in Hemodialysis that were asked about the incidence and intensity of pruritus according to a scored questionnaire made for this purpose. No different efficacy of Cimetidine versus the antihistaminic classic and the placebo was observed in our study. PMID- 7204713 TI - Four new dialyzers. AB - Dialyzers with a variety of sizes and performance characteristics are presently available for the dialysis of adult patients. We evaluated four currently available disposable adult dialyzers in vitro and in vivo during treatment of adult patients. All four dialyzers, Gambro GLP 1.36m2, 17 mu, Cordis Dow 3500, Gambro GF 120M, and Travenol HD 1000 were well suited to the dialysis of adult patients. By considering the clinical status of the patients and the performance characteristics of the dialyzer (solute removal, priming volume, ultrafiltration, etc.) it is possible to employ a hemodialyzer which more precisely meets the needs of the patient without increasing risk factors associated with hemodialysis. PMID- 7204714 TI - Hearing loss in end-stage renal disease - effect of dialysis. AB - Hearing sensitivity was determined in 23 patients with end-stage renal disease shortly before and 1-5 years after the institution of maintenance hemodialysis. Normal or only slightly abnormal hearing sensitivity was found in 9 of our 23 patients while the remaining 14 patients had marked hearing abnormalities at the onset of dialysis treatment. Neither group showed any significant change in their audiographic findings during the study period. It thus appears that chronic hemodialysis may have no effect on hearing abnormalities associated with end stage renal disease. PMID- 7204715 TI - Vascular responsiveness and body fluid status in patients on chronic hemodialysis. AB - The vascular responsiveness and the body fluid distribution were studied in 5 hypotensive and 11 normotensive patients on long-term hemodialysis. A diminished vascular responsiveness to intravenously infused norepinephrine or angiotensin II was found in uremic patients, especially in the hypotensive group. A slightly larger, but non-significant circulating blood volume (CBV) and a less extracellular fluid volume (ECF) was found in the hypotensive group as compared with those of the normotensive group. These results suggest that with autonomic nervous dysfunction, such a diminution of vascular responsiveness may be an another factor responsible for the development of hypotension. PMID- 7204716 TI - Vancomycin therapy for serious staphylococcal infections in chronic hemodialysis patients. AB - Vancomycin therapy during 7 episodes of serious staphylococcal infections in chronic hemodialysis patients was monitored by a sensitive bioassay technique. One gm of vancomycin was given during dialysis at a mean dosage interval of 7 days for a mean duration of 48 days. Serum peak and trough vancomycin levels were monitored during therapy. Accumulation of vancomycin occurred in 1 patient on prolonged therapy; progressive rising through levels required a reduction in vancomycin dosage. Pre and post-dialysis vancomycin levels in one patient were unchanged. Vancomycin was effective in eradication of all staphylococcal infections and bacteremias. Three A-V shunt infections required surgical revision; 2 A-V fistula infections were salvaged with vancomycin therapy alone. We conclude that 1 gm vancomycin every 7 days is an effective regimen for serious staphylococcal infections in chronic hemodialysis patients. Monitoring of vancomycin levels insures maintenance of adequate levels and prevents toxic accumulation. PMID- 7204717 TI - Hemodialysis studies of antidiuretic hormone. AB - Hemodialyzability of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was studied in 14 patients undergoing hemodialysis procedure. In addition hemofiltration (dry dialysis) was performed in 8 patients and hemofiltrate samples were collected for ADH assay. The mean values for plasma ADH level in ingoing and outgoing blood were nearly identical. Moreover, no ADH was detectable in the hemofiltrate samples. These findings suggest lack of significant ADH removal by dialysis or hemofiltration. PMID- 7204718 TI - Dialysis-induced changes in muscle strength. AB - Little is known about the acute effects of hemodialysis on muscle strength. Rapid changes in hemodynamic and biochemical parameters are known to occur during dialysis and may alter muscle performance. Ten patients maintained on chronic hemodialysis had measurements of quadriceps muscle and handgrip strength performed before and after dialysis. In seven of these patients maximum static inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PI max and PE max respectively) were similarly determined. Quadriceps muscle strength improved in 6 patients, decreased in 3 and remained unchanged in 1. Handgrip strength increased in 5 patients, decreased in 3, and remained unchanged in 1. PI max decreased in 6 patients and increased in 1, and PE max decreased in 4 patients and increased in 3. No significant correlation was found between the changes in strength of the tested muscle groups and the serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, urea nitrogen, and creatinine, changes in blood pressure of fluid balance. The dialysis-induced changes in biochemical parameters may exert opposing effects on neuromuscular performance. This may explain the diversity of the results obtained in this study. PMID- 7204719 TI - Sequential intraperitoneal administration of nitroprusside in patients maintained on peritoneal dialysis. AB - Clinical studies were made in order to determine the effects of intraperitoneal nitroprusside on the peritoneal clearances according to different frequencies of drug administration. An important increase of urea and creatinine clearances with 3.75 mg of nitroprusside per liter of dialysis solution was observed. The maximum effects were observed after four consecutive exchanges with the drug; its effects were maintained all through the peritoneal dialysis session and in some cases increased when alternative series of four exchanges with and without drug were carried on. The significative higher increase of the big solutes clearances suggests a vasodilator action of nitroprusside which should be also reflected on an increase of the middle size molecules clearances. Clinical tolerance was excellent and the blood pressure variations were negligible. PMID- 7204720 TI - Resection of platysma bands in face-lift surgery. AB - The anatomy and function of the platysma muscle, its hypertrophy together with the submental fat pad in producing cosmetic defects, and the technique of resecting hypertrophied platysma muscle and submental fat to remove cosmetic defects are discussed and described. PMID- 7204721 TI - Scalp reduction as an adjunct to hair transplantation. Review of relevant literature and presentation of an improved technique. AB - The literature on scalp reduction is reviewed and an improved technique of scalp reduction is presented. The amount of bald skin that can be excised by the author's technique exceeds that previously reported by two to three times. The technique rests on tried principles of wide undermining in the galeal-periosteal plane, use of serial relaxing incisions in the galea, closure of specifically designed flap edges under increased tension, and the administration of adrenocorticosteroids postoperatively. PMID- 7204722 TI - The use of small punches in hair-transplant surgery. AB - Standard-sized punches used in hair transplantation are between 3.5 and 4.5 mm in diameter. Much smaller punches of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mm in diameter are more useful to fill in small gaps in frontal rows on the scalp. A patient is described and illustrated in whom a poorly fashioned hairline was corrected by the use of the smaller punches to obtain and transplant tiny grafts containing three or four hairs each. PMID- 7204723 TI - Psychiatric observations on patients who seek and undergo hair transplantation. AB - Requests for cosmetic surgery may mask important psychopathology. Although the majority of patients who seek hair transplantation may not need psychiatric study, the hair-transplant surgeon must be sensitive to and wary of those who seem to have over-determined needs for this service. The expectations, motivation, and sexuality of patients are prime factors that influence satisfaction with the results of hair transplantation. PMID- 7204725 TI - More of lentigo maligna: cut out or freeze? PMID- 7204724 TI - More surgical gems. Excisions of eyelid lesions by scissors without closure by sutures. PMID- 7204727 TI - Cryosurgery for basal-cell carcinomas on the wings of the nose and in the nasolabial folds. PMID- 7204726 TI - Surgical gems. A simplified surgical management of lesions of molluscum contagiosum. PMID- 7204728 TI - Liquid-crystal thermography in determining the lateral extents of basal-cell carcinomas. AB - Liquid-crystal thermography is a rapid, noninvasive, inexpensive method for determining the lateral extents of certain cutaneous malignancies. This report describes the technique as it is applied to basal-cell carcinomas. Results indicate that it is useful for neoplasms of moderate to heavy cellular density but little help in outlining neoplasms of low cellular density like morpheaform basal-cell carcinomas. PMID- 7204729 TI - Pyoderma gangrenosum: report of an unusual case and a review of the literature. AB - An unusual case of pyoderma gangrenosum is reported that was not associated with any of the diseases it usually accompanies. Awareness of the rare possibility of pyoderma gangrenosum sui generis and the institution of adrenocorticosteroid therapy at an early stage of its development reduces morbidity. PMID- 7204731 TI - Laminar dermal reticulotomy. AB - Laminar dermal reticulotomy is a procedure in which a dermatome is used to achieve a finer result in the obliteration of scars on the face caused by acne or trauma. A method of preoperative assessment of degree or depth of scarring and postoperative result of laminar dermal reticulotomy by use of a phototopographic technique is described. Laminar dermal reticulotomy may be done following other procedures like dermabrasion, chemical peel, and conventional plastic surgery. PMID- 7204730 TI - Accessory tragi and associated syndromes involving the first branchial arch. AB - Although most deformities in front of the tragi are limited abnormalities, they may be signs of certain associated congenital syndromes that result from maldevelopment of the mandibular arch. PMID- 7204732 TI - A new method to visualize Langer's lines. AB - After reviewing Langer's papers on lines of cleavage in the skin, experiments were done that showed a correspondence between those lines and the directions that hairs stream. PMID- 7204733 TI - The midline forehead flap for resurfacing the nose. AB - A method of resurfacing the nose using tissue of like thickness and color is presented. The midline forehead flap is a reliable source of tissue that can be developed using standard procedures of reconstructive surgery. PMID- 7204734 TI - Bilateral advancement-rotation flaps of mucosa for reconstruction of a lip following extensive excision of vermillion and subjacent tissue in ablation of a squamous-cell carcinoma. AB - The technique of a modified, but still conservative, method of reconstructing a lip is described in a case of ablation of a squamous-cell carcinoma that required complete removal of the vermillion and very extensive excision of subjacent tissue in the center of the lip anteriorly and posteriorly. Bilateral flaps of mucous membrane had to be advanced and rotated to cover the defect. The functional and cosmetic result was excellent in a short time. PMID- 7204735 TI - On history-taking before surgery. AB - History-taking is discussed with particular reference to cutaneous surgery. Systematic questioning with regard to general health, established and potential allergies, medicaments currently being taken, and miscellaneous relevant matters is important to the planning, execution, and outcome of surgical procedures. PMID- 7204736 TI - Nerve block anesthesia for hair transplantation. AB - A technique of preliminary nerve block anesthesia for hair transplantation that increases patient comfort by reducing pain and makes hair transplantation a more easily tolerated procedure as compared to local anesthesia alone is described. PMID- 7204738 TI - Is effort enough, or does diligence count too? Student and teacher reactions to effort stability in failure. PMID- 7204737 TI - Stamps commemorating medicine: "Indian folk art: the Medicine Man". PMID- 7204739 TI - Effects of classroom noise on performance and activity of second-grade hyperactive and control children. PMID- 7204740 TI - Effects of modeling on behavior related to hyperactivity. PMID- 7204741 TI - The use of the Mount Vernon formula in the treatment of burn shock. AB - Loss of fluid from the blood plasma and subsequent hypovolaemia is the central feature of shock in burning injuries and restoration of blood volume by intravenous transfusion remains the mainstay of treatment. The rate of loss of fluid bears a relationship to the extent of the burn and by use of a formula it is possible to predict the rate of loss at a particular time and the total quantity of fluid necessary. Various different formulae are discussed and the development of a formula in the Burns Ward of the Mount Vernon Centre for Plastic Surgery is described. It is emphasised that the formula is only a guide and the necessity for repeated clinical examination of the patient is stressed. Our reasons are given for the use of reconstituted dried human plasma as the main transfusion fluid. PMID- 7204742 TI - The control of burn wound sepsis. AB - This presentation reviews the course of burn wound sepsis in a group of 621 acute patients treated at the Shriners Burns Institute, Cincinnati Unit, between 1970 and 1976. During this period of time, the overall mortality rate fell from 14% in 1970 to 3 and 5%, respectively, in 1975 and 1976. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly recovered organism from the burn wound, colonizing 85% of the burn patients. Beta hemolytic streptococcus represented a potential threat despite the fact that it was recovered from only 5 to 10% of the patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed a decrease in colonization during the period of this study, from 50% of the wounds in 1970 to 21% in 1976. Candida albicans was the fungal organism most commonly recovered from the burn wound and from the blood stream. Fifteen deaths occurred in this group as a result of invasive infection, one from S. aureus, five from P. aeruginosa, two from Klebsiella-Enterobacter, and one from Escherichia coli, as well as six fungal deaths, five from Candida albicans and one from mucormycosis. Therapeutic measures used to control burn wound sepsis consisted of prevention of contamination from exogenous sources, control of burn wound pathogens, early recognition of invasive burn wound sepsis, aggressive management of the burn wound, and optimal nutritional support. During this period the extent of burn associated with a survival of 50% has risen from 50% in 1970 to 80% in 1976. This improvement in survival is directly related to progressive improvement in local and systemic measures available for the control of infection. PMID- 7204745 TI - A comparative study of some technical aspects of three intra aortic balloon pump systems. PMID- 7204744 TI - Severe low-pressure cuff tracheal injury in burn patients. AB - Two cases are presented of severe tracheal damage secondary to low-pressure high volume endotracheal tube cuffs monitored carefully against over-inflation. Our patients' findings suggest that in the presence of tracheal inhalation injury or severe tracheal infection strict monitoring of pressures, though essential, does not preclude tracheal trauma from a low-pressure cuff, trauma to a degree generally ascribed only to high-pressure "stiff" cuffs. There is probably no arbitrarily safe level of cuff pressure in these patients; any amount of pressure is likely to further harm the tracheal wall and must be weighed into the risk benefit equation for prolonged intubation. PMID- 7204743 TI - The present status of research in burn toxins. AB - Modern intensive care combined with current improvements in the specific, systemic and local therapy of burns has delayed the mortal effects of severe burns. Nor has there been any significant improvement in this mortality during the last decade. The occurrence of uncontrollable infection and sepsis due to gram-negative bacteria or fungi as the basic cause of death was not a satisfactory explanation. So, progress should only be expected from a new concept in burn treatment. This new concept should be to view the burn disease as being caused by toxic factors induced by thermal injury to the skin. Electron microscope studies in mice and rats have revealed similar mitochondrial alterations in hepatocytes after either a sublethal controlled burn injury or an intraperitoneal application of an equivalent dose, of a cutaneous burn toxin. The intraperitoneal injection of different amounts of the burn toxin indicated, that the extent of the mitochondrial changes correlated directly with the dose of toxin. Investigations of liver metabolism suggested an inhibition of the oxygenation chain. The incubation of isolated liver cells together with the burn toxin demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy a direct cytotoxic effect of the burn toxin. In animal tests the pathogenic effect of the burn toxin could be prevented by treatment with an antitoxic IgG generated in sheep. The fatal sepsis of severely burned patients is the consequence of a decreased host defence against infections, which is caused by a primary and general toxic alteration of the whole organism. One important aspect of treatment should therefore be the elimination of burn toxins. To achieve this management should include primary excision of the burns, local application of nonabsorbable protein-complex-binding substances and specific passive immunotherapy with an antitoxic IgG. PMID- 7204746 TI - Effects of ultra-high-temperature pasteurization on milk proteins. PMID- 7204747 TI - Metabolism of cis- and trans-cypermethrin in rats. Balance and tissue retention study. PMID- 7204748 TI - Phenthoate applied to California citrus trees: residue levels on foliage and soil, in air, and on and in fruit. PMID- 7204749 TI - Utilization of selenium in fly ash and in white sweet clover grown on fly ash by the chick. PMID- 7204750 TI - Effects of salts and denaturants on thermocoagulation of proteins. PMID- 7204751 TI - Elemental content of vegetables and apple trees grown on Syracuse sludge-amended soils. PMID- 7204752 TI - Determination of hexazinone and metabolite residues using nitrogen-selective gas chromatography. PMID- 7204756 TI - Isolation and biological properties of deacetylcytochalasin H from Phomopsis sp. PMID- 7204753 TI - Analysis of liquid protein products for amino acids, carbohydrates, and peptides. PMID- 7204755 TI - Halogen compounds identified in the volatile constituents of baked potatoes. PMID- 7204757 TI - Some mycotoxin levels in farm-stored corn. PMID- 7204754 TI - Use of fluorometry for the determination of Gonyaulax tamarensis var. excavata toxins in New England shellfish. PMID- 7204758 TI - Protein accumulation and protein quality of bengal Gram (Cicer arietinum) cotyledons during development. PMID- 7204760 TI - Preharvest changes in polyphenols, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase in sorghum grain. PMID- 7204759 TI - Effect of treating Candida utilis with acid or alkali, to remove nucleic acids, on the quality of the protein. PMID- 7204761 TI - Analysis of simple sugars and sorbitol in fruit by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7204762 TI - Development of an analytical procedure for an insect growth regulator (EL-494) employing high-pressure liquid chromatography and its application on residues in alfalfa. PMID- 7204763 TI - Comparison of hydrolysis methods used in feed, digesta, and fecal starch analysis. PMID- 7204764 TI - Volatilization and exudation losses of three N-methylcarbamate insecticides applied systemically to rice. PMID- 7204765 TI - Exposure of drivers to carbon monoxide. PMID- 7204766 TI - Togetherness--the health care team. PMID- 7204767 TI - College and university health care professionals: an expanding team. PMID- 7204768 TI - Epidemic potential of measles and rubella. PMID- 7204770 TI - The emergency dental service at Southern Illinois University/Carbondale. PMID- 7204771 TI - The initial phase of role delineation for health education: a summary report. PMID- 7204769 TI - Dental attitudes, perceptions, and treatment needs in a university population. PMID- 7204772 TI - Psychotherapy with deaf college students: perception of process. PMID- 7204773 TI - Psychiatric symptomatology in a deaf college population affecting diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7204774 TI - A comparative study of a phenol-based mouthwash as a gargle or a spray with a saline gargle. PMID- 7204775 TI - Mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7204776 TI - Sudden death syndrome--a case report. PMID- 7204778 TI - Expedition medicine--recommendations from experience in Guatemala. PMID- 7204777 TI - High in the cold, thin air: risks and benefits. PMID- 7204779 TI - College women's gynecological health care practices and preferences. PMID- 7204780 TI - The effect of graduate school on identity issues. PMID- 7204781 TI - On doing research in a clinical setting. PMID- 7204782 TI - The classification of nasal disease: an opinion. PMID- 7204783 TI - Nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia (NARES syndrome). Clinical and immunologic presentation. AB - Fifty-two patients with perennial nasal symptoms of sneezing paroxysms, profuse watery rhinorrhea, and pruritus of the nasopharyngeal mucosa in an "on-again-off again" symptomatic pattern have been clinically and immunologically characterized. Historically, age at onset of symptoms showed equal distribution from the first through the fifth decades, and the duration of symptoms at diagnosis ranged from 3 mo to 40 yr (mean 9 yr). Trigger factors associated by the 52 patients with the acute onset of nasal symptoms were none or unknown in 22 (42%), weather changes in 16 (31%), odors in eight (15%), and noxious or irritating substances in six (12%). No patients had a history or physical examination consistent with nasal polyposis, bronchial asthma, current sinusitis, nor otitis media. Fifty percent had a negative family history for either chronic rhinitis or bronchial asthma. Nasal secretion smears revealed marked eosinophilia during symptomatic periods. Intradermal skin tests were negative in 49 patients. Serum radioallergosorbent test (RAST) confirmed immediate hypersensitivity skin tests in two of the three patients with positive skin tests. Mean total eosinophil count was 218/mm3. Quantitative immunoglobulins were normal in all patients. Mean serum IgE was 74 IU/ml. Methacholine bronchial challenge was negative in 37 of 37 patients tested. An open aspirin challenge was negative in 13 of 13 patients tested. Spontaneously collected nasal secretions or 0.9% saline nasal washes were analyzed for percent eosinophils, total protein, IgG, IgA, IgE, and RAST to six perennial aeroallergens in 31 of the 52 patients. Neither elevated total IgE nor evidence of specific IgE was found in the study patients' nasal secretions. This report describes 52 patients with symptoms similar to those seen in perennial allergic rhinitis. A characteristic pattern of symptomatic presentation and a paucity of the in vivo and in vitro findings associated with IgE-mediated nasal disease distinguishes this homogeneous disorder from perennial allergic rhinitis. PMID- 7204784 TI - Repeated histamine inhalation tests in asthmatic patients. AB - Histamine inhalation tests were performed in 12 asthmatic patients using a 2-min tidal breathing inhalation technique. The tests were repeated on separate days with 30-, 60-, and 120-min intervals between inhalation tests. On another day the inhalation tests were repeated four times with 40-min intervals between tests. The geometric mean provocative concentrations of histamine needed to cause a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (PC20) for the group on the latter study day were 1.67, 1.57, and 1.55 mg/ml (p greater than 0.25) indicating no change in sensitivity to inhaled histamine with repeated testing. The results suggest that cumulative dose-response curves for drugs potentially affecting the airways or antagonizing histamine can be constructed within 1 day using histamine inhalation tests. The data also suggested that an individual PC20 result may be sensitively assessed by comparing it to a +/- 2 SD range from the mean of a series of control or placebo PC20 values. PMID- 7204785 TI - Comparison of biochemical and immunologic properties of venoms from four hornet species. PMID- 7204786 TI - Measurement of urinary histamine: development of methodology and normal values. AB - A small portion of the histamine that circulates through the kidney is excreted intact. Thus, the measurement of histamine in urine may be employed to monitor fluctuations in plasma histamine and has several advantages: stability, accessibility, and the opportunity for retrospective analysis. A method for measuring urine histamine was developed based on cation-exchange chromatography, organic solvent extraction, o-phthalaldehyde condensation, and measurement of fluorescence. However, because the histamine measured by this procedure was higher than that measured by other techniques, a portion of each sample was digested wtih diamine oxidase and the difference between the two portions of each sample, after isolation and fluorescent assay, was taken to reflect histamine. Normal urinary histamine levels of 13 +/- 8 ng/ml, 14 +/- 9 micrograms/24 hr, or 14 +/- 12 ng/mg creatinine/ml were found. Male and female subjects excreted equivalent concentrations; spot, short-timed, or 24-hr collections provided equivalent results; and histamine in frozen urine was stable greater than or equal to 6 mo. Two patients with systemic mastocytosis and two with idiopathic anaphylaxis had elevated urine histamine levels. Monitoring urine histamine may be useful in assessment of conditions in which histamine plays a role. PMID- 7204787 TI - Effect of locally induced intestinal anaphylaxis on the uptake of a bystander antigen. AB - Adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 gm were immunized with 100 micrograms egg albumin (EA) and alum. Fourteen days later, intestinal anaphylaxis was induced by intraduodenal or intragastric challenge with EA. To test for the changes in vascular and mucosal permeability that accompany anaphylaxis, the rats were injected intravenously with 125I-rat serum albumin (RSA) at the time of challenge and the amount of radioactivity retained in the wall of gut segments, as well as the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable radioactivity present in the secretions obtained from these segments, was determined. Enhanced retention of 125I-RSA was found in the wall of the duodenum and first and second halves of the small intestine, and increased amounts of TCA-precipitable radioactivity was found in gut segments obtained from antigen-challenged compared with buffer challenged rats. In other EA-immunized rats bovine serum albumin (BSA) was administered by gavage 1 hr before challenge with EA. Increased amounts of immunoreactive BSA were detected by radioimmunoassay in the serum of rats subjected to local intestinal anaphylaxis. Possible consequences of the enhanced systemic uptake of protein present during local intestinal anaphylaxis were considered. It was suggested that such proteins might induce an IgE antibody response, thereby broadening the anaphylactic sensitivity of the animal to additional antigens. PMID- 7204789 TI - Learning disability. Diagnosis by exclusion and discrepancy. PMID- 7204788 TI - Differential effects of methacholine and antigen challenge on gas exchange in allergic subjects. AB - In order to better characterize the differential effects of nonspecific and specific (antigen) bronchial challenge on gas exchange, seven ragweed-sensitive subjects with a history of asthma underwent progressive inhalation challenge with methacholine and ragweed extract on two different days. For comparable severity of bronchospasm (mean specific airway conductance 0.05 sec-1cm-1H2O for methacholine and 0.06 sec-1cm-1H2O for ragweed), there was a greater decrease in mean arterial oxygen saturation after ragweed (4.7%) than after methacholine challenge (2.7%) (p less than 0.05). While this was not accompanied by differences in static lung volumes, the density-dependent index decreased by 19% after ragweed (p less than 0.001) but remained unchanged after methacholine challenge. These results suggest that a greater involvement of peripheral airways in the bronchospastic response is, at least in part, responsible for the greater decrease in arterial oxygen saturation after ragweed challenge. PMID- 7204790 TI - Learning disabilities, A view from cognitive science. PMID- 7204791 TI - Academic failures in children with communication disorders. PMID- 7204792 TI - Head injury and later reading disability. PMID- 7204793 TI - Psychiatric correlates of severe reading disabilities in an incarcerated delinquent population. PMID- 7204794 TI - Indications for the use of stimulant treatment in learning disorders. PMID- 7204795 TI - Continuity and discontinuity of task orientation. PMID- 7204796 TI - Do deaf children have a typical personality? PMID- 7204797 TI - Behavioral effects of haloperidol in young autistic children. An objective analysis using a within-subjects reversal design. PMID- 7204799 TI - Evaluation and multimodality treatment of a depressed prepubertal girl. PMID- 7204798 TI - Parental loss antecedent to childhood diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7204801 TI - Child psychiatry perspectives. The crisis in child psychiatry recruitment in the United States--circa 1980. PMID- 7204800 TI - Suicidal behavior in latency-age children. An outpatient population. PMID- 7204802 TI - Exercise and skeletal health. AB - Involutional osteopenia contributes to older persons' susceptibility to fractures of the hip, spine and wrist. Experimental evidence is reviewed that supports the hypothesis that involutional bone loss can be prevented by physical exercise. Weightlessness and immobilization result in accelerated bone loss. In cross sectional studies measuring total body potassium (TBK), both muscle mass and bone mass in normal humans have remained strikingly constant. The usual decrease in total body calcium (TBCa) and TBK with increasing age was not observed in a cross sectional study of marathon runners. Localized hypertrophy of bone and muscle has been reported for a variety of occupations and sports. Two prospective studies have demonstrated an increment in bone mass after a program of physical exercise. It would seem that certain involutional changes in body composition (loss of TBCa and TBK) can be prevented by increased physical activity, but the effectiveness of specific types and durations of exercise should be investigated. PMID- 7204803 TI - Acute and rapidly progressive forms of glomerulonephritis in the elderly. AB - This article presents a comparison of acute glomerular nephritis (AGN) with rapidly progressive glomerular nephritis (RPGN) in patients aged 60 or older. In 7 elderly patients with AGN, the renal disease was preceded by skin infection (4 cases), sore throat (2 cases), or pneumonia (1 case). The 7 patients with RPGN had no history of prior infection. Both AGN and RPGN were manifested clinically as acute renal failure, but the RPGN patients had significantly higher serum creatinine levels and lower hematocrit readings. Hypocomplementemia was a feature only of AGN. The biopsy specimens from patients with RPGN showed crescents in 50- 100 percent of the glomeruli, whereas specimens from patients with AGN showed no significant extracapillary proliferation. Six AGN patients recovered and 1 died. Despite dialysis, 4 RPGN patients died and the remaining 3 require maintenance dialysis. It is concluded that AGN in the elderly is more common than previously believed, frequently follows skin infections, and has a reasonably good prognosis. In contrast, RPGN, also not rare in the elderly, has a much worse prognosis. PMID- 7204804 TI - Screening for hypertension in an elderly population: report from the Dunedin Program. AB - Hypertension detection and follow-up programs have recently received increased attention. The authors studied the effect of screening for hypertension in a geriatric screening program for a large ambulatory elderly population in Dunedin, Florida, over a three-year period. Of the 4,247 participants initially screened, 39 percent had some form of hypertension, and 15.6 percent of these had not received any form of treatment. At the time of the first year follow-up, the proportion of participants with treated, controlled hypertension had increased from 14.7 to 21 percent. These data lend support to the value of hypertension screening among persons over 65 years of age. PMID- 7204806 TI - Alcohol problems in the elderly. AB - Seven case reports of alcoholism in the elderly are presented. These patients formed a significant proportion of 108 patients seen in the first eight months of a new comprehensive psychiatric service for the elderly. None of them initially presented as alcohol abusers; three were first seen by geriatricians because of repeated falls, and four who came directly to psychiatrists were referred for atypical dementia, confusion or self-neglect. Three patients had started to abuse alcohol only late in life; the remainder were life-long heavy drinkers. In three instances, close relatives who abused alcohol themselves, were in collusion. The diagnosis of alcohol abuse in these elderly patients depended upon the recognition of such manifestations as repeated falls, confusion, and self neglect. The prognosis was influenced by age at onset, social and family factors, and the presence or absence of brain damage. In two of the patients, a poor prognosis was linked to collusion by alcohol-abusing children. PMID- 7204805 TI - Paraplegia and quadriplegia in the elderly due to spinal cord lesions: association with malignancy. AB - A retrospective study showed that paraplegia and quadriplegia due to spinal cord lesions occurred with a frequency of 1 in 500 admissions to a geriatric department. These cases predominantly were caused by malignant disease, particularly of the bronchus. However, elderly patients presenting to other hospital departments included a far higher proportion of cases with benign causes, particularly cervical spondylosis which affects patients of lower average age. Male patients predominated in both malignant and benign categories. PMID- 7204807 TI - First-year medical students and the aging patient: a curricular model. AB - First-year medical students at UCLA are introduced to the special health problems of the elderly by a process in which they interview symptomatic volunteers at both extended care and ambulatory care facilities. In. addition, they interview healthy elderly volunteers to gain information on gerontology and lifespan development, with supplementation from selected readings, films, lectures and panels. This curricular model seems effective in reducing prejudice about the aged and in training future physicians to render humane competent care in the field of geriatrics. PMID- 7204808 TI - Quantitative bone assessments: applications and expectations. AB - Although, with the newer and more sophisticated radiologic methods the precision of bone mass measurement has been greatly improved, it is still impossible to predict the imminence of osteoporotic fractures, for two main reasons. First, current radiologic methods measure bone mass accurately only in appendiceal bone (largely cortical and regularly shaped) and not in axial bone (largely trabecular and irregularly shaped). However, most clinically significant fractures occur in the axial skeleton and involve trabecular bone, which is more prone than cortical bone to resorptive losses. Second, because of large differences in body habitus, the normal range of bone densities varies widely in any cohort of the same sex and race. Thus, although bone density measurements cannot be used to predict osteoporotic fractures, they have an important application in monitoring changes in skeletal mass for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. PMID- 7204809 TI - Diuretics and the institutional elderly: a case against routine potassium prescribing. AB - In 14 elderly male residents of a veterans' care complex who were receiving diuretic therapy for cardiac failure, oral potassium (K) supplements were withdrawn. Plasma and erythrocyte K levels were measured immediately before and six weeks after withdrawal of the supplements (38 mEq K daily). The controls comprised 19 elderly residents without disease and not taking drugs likely to influence K status. Study subjects and controls were receiving the same diet (average daily K content 100 mEq). After withdrawal of K supplements, the mean plasma K level fell significantly but the mean erythrocyte K level remained unchanged and did not differ from the control values. For a further six weeks after the withdrawal period, 7 subjects were treated with Aldactazide (diuretic hydrochlorothiazide plus K-sparing spironolactone). The plasma K level increased significantly but the erythrocyte K level remained unchanged. It was concluded that, in this setting, diuretic-induced hypokalemia is not necessarily accompanied by intracellular K depletion and that routine prophylaxis with K supplements or K-sparing agents is unnecessary and not without risk. Such therapy should be reserved for patients considered at special risk of K depletion because of known poor dietary intake, advanced liver disease, secondary hyperaldosteronism with renovascular hypertension, gastrointestinal losses, or nondiuretic medication known to affect K status adversely. PMID- 7204810 TI - Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the elderly. AB - In this study an attempt was made to determine the relationship between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (AA) and other cerebrovascular lesions in the aged. The brains of 128 autopsy patients over 60 years of age were examined by both light and electron microscopy. The frequency of cerebral AA increased with age and was 58 percent in patients over the age of 90. The change was observed more often in women than in men. In 7 cases of severe AA, the temporal or occipital cortex was the most common site. Most cases of AA were complicated by the formation of senile plaques in the cortex. Electron microscopic examination revealed amyloid fibrils deposited in clusters in the media and adventitia of the vessels, destroying their structure. Some blood vessels on the surface of the cortex showed hyalinosis, angionecrosis, duplication of the wall, or fibrotic occlusion. AA is sometimes a cause of cerebral bleeding. Five cases of massive cerebral bleeding were found among patients aged 90 or older, including a temporal hematoma in a 92-year-old woman which was believed to be due to the marked AA noted in the temporal lobes. Small cortical infarctions were common in the temporal lobes. PMID- 7204811 TI - Quantitative clinicopathologic study of senile dementia. AB - In a randomized blind study of 69 mental hospital patients over 50 years of age, a highly significant correlation was observed between the clinical symptoms of organic brain disease and the quantity of senile plaques found in the brains at autopsy. A stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that independent significant predictors of the quantity of plaques were the level or disorientation and the age of the patient. Additional clinical tests for intellectual deterioration, affect lability, and impairment of memory and judgment did not improve the predictive ability. The correlation between incidental pathologic changes unrelated to the senile form of cerebral degeneration and the clinical symptoms was highly significant, though not obvious. Only after removal of the effect of the quantity of plaques on the clinical symptoms (multiple regression analysis) did the effect of other pathologic processes become evident. A significant one-way fixed-effect relationship was noted between increasing quantity of symptoms and increasing quantity of plaques in 48 cases of senile dementia correctly diagnosed by the psychiatry staff. In the control group of 21 patients without senile dementia, the quantity of plaques was correlated with the age of the patients but not with their clinical symptoms. PMID- 7204812 TI - Senile dementia: combined pharmacologic and psychologic treatment. AB - Either supportive counseling (SC) or cognitive training (CT) was used in an attempt to enhance the efficiency of a standard pharmacologic treatment for dementia, viz, dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DEM, Hydergine). DEM was administered orally to 21 moderately demented subjects, in a dosage of 1 mg three times daily; and SC or CT was conducted for one hour every two weeks for a total of 12 weeks. The CT was designed to enhance memory and other intellectual functions by the teaching of organizational schemes and mnemonic devices. Outcome measurements included the Sandoz Clinical Assessment-Geriatric (SCAG), a behavioral rating scale measuring selected symptoms and signs of dementia; the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD); and the Buschke Selective Reminding Scale (BSRT), a psychometric test of memory and learning. The DEM + CT group of patients improved more than did the DEM + SC group for the measures of memory and learning (BSRT). However, no differences between groups were noted for the HRSD or SCAG behavioral measures. PMID- 7204813 TI - Hypernatremia in the elderly: relation to infection and mortality. AB - The records of 23 elderly patients admitted to a county hospital with dehydration and hypernatremia were reviewed. One of these patients had the highest serum sodium level (202 mEq/L) reported in an adult. The overall mortality of 48 percent was not related to the degree of hypernatremia. However, two-thirds of the 17 patients with acute bacteria infections died, whereas all 5 noninfected patients survived. Infection was not always apparent at the time of admission to the hospital. It is proposed that early and appropriate antibiotic therapy may reduce the high mortality associated with hypernatremia in the elderly. PMID- 7204814 TI - Mortality among elderly psychiatric patients: basis for preventive intervention. AB - Analysis of cause-specific death rates among 750 elderly psychiatric inpatients revealed a markedly increased risk of death from pneumonia and a lesser but still substantial risk of death from cardiovascular disorders during the first year of hospitalization. Although the risks of cardiovascular death are considerably less among longer-stay patients, the pneumonia risks remain high. This suggests differing preventive strategies. To help prevent cardiovascular deaths, more attention should be paid to avoiding transfer trauma and its attendant stress. To help prevent pneumonia deaths, high priority should be given to an aggressive program of immunization, adequate nutrition, reduction of hospital overcrowding, and recognition of early pneumonia symptoms. PMID- 7204815 TI - Osteochondral graft in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle. AB - A 65-year-old woman with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle of the left knee was treated by a fresh cadaveric osteochondral bone graft. The latest follow-up examination at 2.5 years demonstrated good functional results, as well as radiographic evidence of satisfactory consolidation with no aseptic necrosis or osteoarthritis. PMID- 7204817 TI - Ophthalmic marketplace--urban review. PMID- 7204816 TI - Prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis in hospital and clinic patients aged 50 or older. AB - The prevalence of chondrocalcinosis was studied in 574 hospital and clinic patients aged 50 or older who had undergone x-ray examination of the knee. Chondrocalcinosis was found in 9.6 percent of all these patients, in 5 percent of the 50-64 age group, and in 14.6 percent of the 65-94 age group. The prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis increased in stepwise fashion between the ages of 65 and 80. A review of the literature and of the data on our few patients over the age of 80 suggests the existence of an even higher prevalence among persons of this advanced age group. PMID- 7204818 TI - Actual measurement of fixation disparity and its use in diagnosis and treatment. AB - An instrument and technique are described which, for the first time, enable the eye care practitioner to measure the angle of fixation disparity. A forced vergence fixation disparity curve can be quickly measured in the office. Research findings and patient examples are used to show how a fixation disparity curve is analyzed to diagnose and prescribe for an oculomotor imbalance. PMID- 7204819 TI - A patient record review in a teaching clinic. AB - A description of a clinic patient record review process completed during a recent ten week period at our teaching clinic is presented. The review was done by peer groups of clinicians including both students and clinical faculty. Consistent improvement in the percentage of records judged appropriate occurred during the ten week period. Educational as well as quality control advantages of this process are cited. PMID- 7204820 TI - Epinephrine maculopathy. AB - Epinephrine maculopathy is a reversible macular change that occurs in aphakic eyes being treated with topical epinephrine compounds. The first symptom is transient blurred vision, which can be followed by decreased visual acuity, flame shaped hemorrhages, and cystoid macular edema. Onset of symptoms can range from a few days after the commencement of epinephrine therapy to several months thereafter. Epinephrine maculopathy should be differentiated from Irvine-Gass syndrome. Treatment consists of changing the patient's therapeutic regimen for glaucoma to other pharmaceutical agents. When this is done recovery of pre maculopathy visual acuity and reversal of cystic macular changes usually occur. PMID- 7204821 TI - Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy. AB - Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy is an uncommon fundus disorder with a striking clinical presentation. It is characterized by the bilateral symmetrical appearance of posterior pole abnormalities including granular pigment cuffs around the larger retinal veins and their bifurcations and variable degrees of retinochoroidal atrophy about the affected veins and the optic disc. The maculas are spared of clinically observable abnormalities, and the vast majority of patients with this disorder are asymptomatic. Most of the approximately four dozen cases previously reported in the scientific literature have been discovered during routine ophthalmoscopy. The visual prognosis for patients with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy is quite good. Two cases of this disorder are presented in order to draw attention to the clinical characteristics and the management of patients with a diagnosis of pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy. PMID- 7204822 TI - Branch retinal vein occlusion. PMID- 7204823 TI - The paraoptometric - past, present and future. PMID- 7204824 TI - Through education we can grow. AB - A Registry Examination for optometric technicians was administered to 189 students and graduate optometric technicians on April 19, 1980. Those who passed this examination will be designated as members of the National paraoptometric Registry. A Registry Examination for optometric assistants is being developed for administration in April 1981. This article will outline how these Registry Examination were developed and what implications they have for the profession. A paraoptometric career ladder will also be presented. PMID- 7204825 TI - The selection of paraoptometric personnel. AB - Developing a responsible professional vision care team is an important administration and management aspect of the optometric office. Recruitment of paraprofessional personnel is described in various ways, along with ten successful steps to hiring. Job analysis, applications, interviewing, testing and final appraisal are discussed. Compensation, fringe benefits and key traits of paraoptometrics are also defined. Employment tips for the one-aide and no-aide practice can prove to be beneficial in the expansion of the professional staff. PMID- 7204826 TI - Education of the paraoptometric. AB - A relatively new group of paraprofessionals is making waves in the optometric community -- the optometric technician. Programs are opening up from coast to coast to supply the demand. Individual program curricula have their differences but also many commonalities. National registration may dictate more standardization of training; hopefully a prospective employee may be in a better position to critically evaluate a prospective graduate. PMID- 7204827 TI - Paraoptometric personnel: selection and utilization. AB - The duties paraoptometric personnel perform in an optometric office have increased along with technological developments in optometry. This paper will review some of the procedures performed by these personnel and how they may develop into a vision care team. PMID- 7204828 TI - Utilization of paraoptometrics in contact lens practice. AB - The author discusses the many types of paraoptometrics used in a busy contact lens practice and how to integrate them into a professional team that offers quality care in a well-managed practice. PMID- 7204829 TI - The paraoptometric's role in glaucoma detection. AB - Within the U.S. alone, 12% of all blindness is attributable to glaucoma. Described here is an overview for the paraoptometric of the disease process of glaucoma most frequently encountered in the optometric practice. In straightforward, non-technical language the paraoptometric's role is described. The significance of patient examination and management are discussed. PMID- 7204831 TI - Fashion in eyewear. PMID- 7204830 TI - Low vision practitioner and the paraoptometric. AB - The low vision patient is a complex individual who requires understanding by not only the optometrist but by the paraoptometric. The paraoptometric in effect can determine the outcome of the optical portion of the evaluation. By setting the stage for the evaluation, and by carrying out the recommendations, the paraoptometric plays an invaluable role in determining the success of the low vision patient. PMID- 7204832 TI - Office design. PMID- 7204833 TI - Retirement: the ultimate challenge? PMID- 7204834 TI - Social Security: what am i paying for? PMID- 7204835 TI - Use of professional corporations to create tax sheltered retirement benefits. PMID- 7204836 TI - Insurance planning. PMID- 7204837 TI - Why choose the AOA Members Retirement Plan? PMID- 7204839 TI - I tried retirement and i failed. PMID- 7204838 TI - After retirement - a second career. PMID- 7204840 TI - Who me? Retire - when? PMID- 7204841 TI - The characteristics of outpatients in metropolitan foot clinic. PMID- 7204842 TI - A comparison of lidocaine and bupivacaine during general anesthesia. PMID- 7204843 TI - Pedal infections in the vascularly compromised: evaluation and treatment. PMID- 7204844 TI - "Hourglass excision" of adjacent dermatologic lesions. PMID- 7204845 TI - Foreign bodies found in the foot. PMID- 7204846 TI - Erysipeloid of Rosenbach a postoperative complication. PMID- 7204847 TI - Elective foot surgery and the alcoholic: some presurgical considerations. PMID- 7204848 TI - Assessment of normal motor development in the child. PMID- 7204849 TI - Considerations in the use of medications in the pediatric patient. PMID- 7204850 TI - The limping child: a review of the literature. PMID- 7204851 TI - A nonsurgical treatment regimen for metatarsus adductus utilizing orthoses. PMID- 7204852 TI - Further insights in the anterior advancement of tendo achillis. PMID- 7204854 TI - Juvenile subungual osteochondroma: case presentation. PMID- 7204853 TI - Osteochondrosis of the tarsal navicular bone: Kohler's disease. PMID- 7204855 TI - The neuromotor development of bipedal locomotion in the normal infant. PMID- 7204856 TI - Lower extremity examination of the infant. PMID- 7204857 TI - A ready reference outline for history taking in podopediatrics. PMID- 7204858 TI - Entrapment neuropathy of muscle branch of lateral plantar nerve: a cause of heel pain. PMID- 7204859 TI - Controlled hypothermia influence on foot physiology. PMID- 7204860 TI - Austin bunionectomy with Kirschner wire fixation. PMID- 7204862 TI - Primary osteoporosis: an update on its etiology and treatment. PMID- 7204861 TI - The intrauterine position and deformities of the lower extremity: etiologic and diagnostic significance. PMID- 7204863 TI - A study of ankle joint height changes with subtalar joint motion. PMID- 7204864 TI - Fracture-dislocation of the tarsometatarsal joints: a case report. PMID- 7204865 TI - Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath: a case report. PMID- 7204866 TI - The pedorthists. PMID- 7204867 TI - Psychoanalyses of children of survivors from the holocaust: case presentations and assessment. AB - Case illustrations are used to support the hypothesis that there may be a survivor-child's complex, though a pathological syndrome cannot be detected. A metapsychological profile extrapolated from a long analysis is intended to serve as a vehicle for comparison with other similar cases. The salient features of this profile seem to be derived from the survivor's family's intense preoccupation with life and death and with the means of undoing the parent's past degradation and redeeming his guilt. PMID- 7204869 TI - Time and the dream. AB - Like the unconscious, a dream is not bound by the constraints of time; as with the unconscious, however, the so-called "timelessness" of the dream is only relative. Both the experience and the concept of time may be present, either openly or implicitly, in the manifest content of the dream. Time as perspective is typically represented in spatial terms, time as duration in terms of motion or situations involving time-bound affects. The concept or experience of time in the manifest dream may signify an unconscious conflict. When time is explicit, the conflict is likely to refer to an early event or relationship; when time is disguised or implicit in the dream experience, it may signify a current conflict, one involving a contemporary relationship or an early relationship reactivated in the transference. By eliminating time perspective, the dream work can make painful affects more tolerable and thus prevent awakening. PMID- 7204868 TI - The preoedipal development of the boy. AB - We have presented an analysis of findings from a ten-year observational study of infants in their second year of life, with a focus on boys. Tracing the sexual development and its relation to development in the object relations and cognitive spheres, we found similarities between boys and girls and sharp differences as well. These latter become evident shortly after the discovery of the anatomical difference. We believe that the differences in reaction to this momentous event account for the greater trouble the girl has in the rapprochement crisis. Our direct observational studies of infants served to clarify many of the preoedipal dynamic currents which in turn affect the form of the oedipal constellation. We have established some sets of conditions which are likely to lead to a negative or positive form or oedipal attachment, and have described the typical and some of the atypical patterns of preoedipal development in both sexes. PMID- 7204870 TI - pK determinations via pH-mobility curves obtained by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis: theory and experimental verification. AB - Basic equations have been derived linking the electrophoretic migration in a stationary pH gradient of simple, singly charged cations or anions and of mono- mono- valent ampholytes with the pKs of their ionizable groups. In the case of diprotic ampholytes, an equation and a curve are described calculating a correction factor to be applied to the mobility measurements, accounting for the influence of the opposite charge species on the mobility curve of the ion being measured. This correction factor is a function of delta pK and increases exponentially with decreasing values of delta pK. These theoretical considerations have been experimentally verified by running pH-mobility curves of colored compounds, such as methyl red, neutral red and dexorubicin. The pKs thus measured were in excellent agreement with the pKs obtained independently by spectrophotometric titrations. PMID- 7204871 TI - A rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of esterase activity. AB - We have developed a spectrophotometric assay method which continuously records esterase activity at 510 nm by monitoring absorbance changes due to the formation of a diazo dye complex. In our method, alpha-naphthyl ester substrates are hydrolyzed by enzymatic action to alpha-naphthol which couples to Fast Blue RR salt (a diazonium salt) forming a diazo dye complex. Our method is unique in directly monitoring the formation of the diazo dye complex without extracting the color of the complex as in other methods that use naphthyl esters and diazo coupling of reaction products. The method appears to be limited to alpha-naphthyl ester substrates, however, since beta-naphthyl esters did not give a linear change in absorbance in the enzymatic reactions tested. With this assay method, one can use a single substrate both to determine esterase units quantitatively in solution and to detect esterase staining activity on gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7204872 TI - Large scale isolation of human erythrocyte membranes by high volume molecular filtration. AB - A molecular filtration procedure for preparing large quantities of human erythrocyte ghost membranes is presented. Hemolysate ghost membranes are rapidly cycled in the retentate channel of the filtration apparatus, while hemoglobin is removed as it passes through Pellicon filters into the filtrate channel. Several liter quantities of washed packed erythrocytes can be processed in a few hours with this system, and the filtration procedure does not appear to alter intact erythrocyte or ghost membranes. Intact erythrocytes in isotonic solution can be circulated through the retentate channel for 16 h with only 3% hemolysis and with preservation of their original morphology in scanning electron microscopy. Ghost membranes isolated by the procedure are virtually identical in morphology, polypeptide composition and acetylcholinesterase content to membranes isolated by conventional centrifugation techniques. PMID- 7204873 TI - Visualization of carrier ampholyte patterns in granular gel slabs. 2. Applications to preparative electrofocusing. AB - A topographic method for locating colorless proteins in focused Sephadex gel slabs is presented. The fluorescent isoelectric banding pattern of the carrier ampholyte (Servalyt) is utilized as a map to locate the proteins indirectly and non-destructively, and to guide their excision for preparative isolation. The method is illustrated with small-scale isolations of the major components of ovalbumin and human serum albumin, and with a scaled-up preparative isolation of the A and B components of beta-lactoglobulin. Fluorescence is used to localize accurately individual fractions of Servalyt in Sephadex slabs for preparative isolation. Isolated fractions were used to enrich selectively specific zones in the regular Servalyt mixture to increase the separation between close-lying proteins during focusing. PMID- 7204874 TI - [Fluorescent angiography in different diagnosis of intra-ocular tumours/melanomas, metastatic tumours and haemangiomas of the uvea (author's transl)]. AB - The angiographic pictures of 155 certified malignant melanomas, 15 metastatic intraocular tumours and 16 haemangiomas of the uvea are discussed. Eight angiographic signs are differentiated which can be observed in different combinations by different types of intraocular tumours. Correlation between the number of the angiographic signs by which the tumour is presented and its prominence, calculated by means of ultrasound biometry is proved. A malignant melanoma with high prominence is demonstrated by 3 signs, while for a certain diagnosis of tumours with low prominence, at least 6 angiographic signs should be observed. by means of methods of statistics, such as correlation and variation diagnostic differences in the angiographic pictures of the discussed 3 types of tumours are found, having compared tumours with equal prominence. It turns out that malignant melanomas with low prominence present a marked fluorescence (6 signs at least), while the haemangiomas of the uvea, with the same prominence are presented with less fluorescentic signs (maximum 4), and the metastatic tumours with even less (2-3 signs). PMID- 7204875 TI - [Electrooculographic study on the movements of convergence (author's transl)]. AB - Electrooculographic study on the movements of convergence among 53 young subjects clinically normal, in nine different conditions of symmetry, of laterality and of preponderance of the directing eye. The morphology of the graphs are described, the duration of latency, the velocities and the amplitudes were measured for the different types of response, and the statistical disturbances corresponding were compiled. For some of these characteristics were made unpublished acknowledgement. PMID- 7204876 TI - [Hemorrhages of drusen with pseudo-papilloedema (author's transl)]. AB - Description of three cases of buried drusen of the disk with pseudo-papilloedema and hemorrhages. These hemorrhages are splinter hemorrhages in the substance of the disk or deep peripapillary hemorrhage lying beneath the retina. OEdema and hemorrhage can produce transient blurring of the vision. They resolve in some weeks. PMID- 7204878 TI - [Enucleation technique for malignant melanoma of the choroid]. AB - The cancelling of the pulling with hooks and the dissection by thermocautery needs imperatively a coagulation of the vorticins. Cutting of the optical nerve with a tightening knot is made under cryogenic application on the tumor. PMID- 7204877 TI - [Clinical trials of prophylaxis of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis recurrences by immunotherapy using B.C.G. (author's transl)]. AB - 7 patients affected by recurrent retinochoroiditis certainly or probably due to toxoplasma Gondii underwent immunotherapy by B.C.G. The follow-up after immunotherapy varied from 14 months to 50 months with an average of 28 months. 5 out of the 7 patients (71%) had recurrences of the retinochoroiditis 2 months to 3 years after the treatment. Even though the series is small, the results are so discouraging that we do not recommend to go further with this technique. At present we try other forms of immunotherapy. Assessment of their value will require a 5 years follow-up. PMID- 7204879 TI - [Tenoplasty by marginal scleral division (author's transl)]. AB - The author proposes a new technique consisting of lengthening the tendon of the hyperactive muscle by means of two small superficial scleral longues positioned at two extremities of the insertion, each being 1.5 to 2 mm in width and having a length that varies according th the degree of deviation to be corrected. The tendon is cut level with the sclera, between the two scleral tongues. Results in 27 cases were favorable (residual deviation of less than 10 degrees) in 70 p. cent of cases after one tenoplasty operation and 85 p. cent after a repeat tenoplasty. The length of the tenoplasty and the effect obtained vary with the type of strabismus: for each millimetre of tenoplasty the resulting correction is 2.2 degrees in monocular strabismus, 2.7 degrees in alternating strabismus, and 3.3 degrees in residual strabismus. PMID- 7204880 TI - [A rare expulsive hemorrhage due to a spontaneous ocular rupture, simulating an intrabulbar tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7204881 TI - Detection of incipient effects of anticholinesterase insecticides in rats and humans by electromyography and cholinesterase assay. AB - Rats, fed low levels of diazinon (0.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) and parathion (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) daily for 26 weeks, and agricultural workers chronically exposed to anticholinesterase insecticides, were monitored by electromyographic (EMG) and blood cholinesterase determinations. The two diazinon-fed and the highest parathion-fed groups of rats gained less weight, whereas the lowest parathion-fed group gained more weight than the control; rats fed 0.5 mg/kg parathion daily did not show any difference in weight gain when compared to the control. In addition, the two diazinon-fed groups of rats gained significantly less weight than the three parathion-fed groups. Both erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activities were severely inhibited in the treated groups. However, parathion inhibited ChE much less than diazinon, and slight recovery of both enzymes was evident in the parathion-treated groups. No changes in amplitudes of EMGs were observed in the treated rats. Agricultural workers were examined monthly during one growing season. Although there was high variation in the data, EMG amplitudes and AChE levels were lower in the workers than in persons not exposed to pesticides; ChE levels were statistically different only once. These results have demonstrated that the rat is not suitable for investigating the use of EMG as a method for monitoring exposure to anticholinesterase insecticides, but that EMG (or AChE) may be used to monitor such exposures in humans. PMID- 7204883 TI - Gas chromatographic estimation of malathion in seven vegetables. PMID- 7204882 TI - Field disposal of methyl parathion using acidified powdered zinc. AB - The degradation of methyl parathion in soil with various amounts of acidified powdered zinc under field conditions was studied. Treatment was progressively more effective with increasing amounts of zinc. Disappearance of parent compound was followed for 2 1/2 years. The expected conversion product aminomethyl parathion and its N-methyl derivative were formed. In addition, N,N dimethylamino, and the azo and azoxy condensation products were characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry. Aminomethyl parathion was shown to be identical to an authentic standard. The other specific positional isomers were considered likely, but were not proven by mass spectrometry. Structure elucidation was made with high resolution mass spectrometry, using the direct insertion probe, and with gas chromatography/low resolution mass spectrometry. PMID- 7204884 TI - The effect of tamoxifen on GH and PRL secretion by human pituitary tumors. AB - Tamoxifen has recently been shown to suppress the growth and secretion of prolactin (PRL)-secreting pituitary tumors in rats. In the present study pretreatment for 36 h with tamoxifen did no modify the suppressive action of bromocriptine on PRL secretion in 2 patients with a prolactinoma and low plasma 17 beta-estradiol levels, while in 2 patients with acromegaly tamoxifen did not influence the lack of effect of bromocriptine on growth hormone (GH) secretion. In one patient with a presumably "mixed" GH-PRL secreting pituitary tumor tamoxifen had a suppressive action on hormone release. This patient had been free of complaints with normalized plasma GH and PRL concentrations for 3 yr with as low as 5 mg bromocriptine per day. Thereafter the pituitary tumor "escaped" from bromocriptine treatment, as evidenced by elevated plasma GH and PRL levels and return of the complaints, despite of an increased daily dose of bromocriptine. Plasma GH and PRL levels increased significantly at the time of ovulation and became lower thereafter parallel with the decrease in the plasma 17 beta estradiol concentration. Addition of tamoxifen (20 mg/day) to bromocriptine (10 mg/day) therapy had a beneficial effect on the clinical symptoms and normalized the circulating GH levels during a treatment period of 3 months. In patients with pituitary tumors whose hormone secretion "escapes" from bromocriptine treatment, the administration of tamoxifen should be considered. The negative results, obtained with short-term administration of tamoxifen in 4 patients with pituitary tumors and low estrogen levels, do not point to a general usefulness of this drug in this type of patients. PMID- 7204885 TI - Neonatal screening in Italy for congenital hypothyroidism and metabolic disorders: hyperphenylalaninemia, maple syrup urine disease and homocystinuria. AB - A multiple screening program to establish the frequency of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), phenylketonuria (PKU), maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), homocystinuria and hypertyrosinemia in endemic and sporadic goitrous regions of Italy is being carried out. Valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, eluted from a single spot and separated by column chromatography, are measured, using whole blood adsorbed on filter paper. CH is detected by RIA assay of TSH eluted from dried blood spot. A cut-off of 100 microU/ml for TSH is used providing a recall rate of 0.38%. Out of 116,000 newborn infants screened for aminoacidopathies (since 1974), 16 PKU patients, 3 affected by MSUD, 2 homocystinuric babies have been detected. Out of 25,400 newborn infants screened for CH, 5 patients were affected by permanent CH and 29 by transient hyperthyrotropinemia. Thus PKU shows a frequency of 1:7,200 newborn infants, and permanent congenital hypothyroidism 1:5,080. The coordination of screening programs for congenital metabolic diseases in a single central unit allows:--the unification of the input of samples and output of data in a single data bank;--a minimization of the physical and psychological stress to the patients and their families;--and a more satisfactory cost/benefit ratio. PMID- 7204886 TI - The influence of subtotal thyroidectomy on the thyroglobulin binding capacity of thyrotoxic serum. AB - It has been shown previously that large amounts of thyroglobulin are released into the circulation by the trauma of thyroid surgery. In order to characterize the response to this challenge in patients with and without autoimmune disease, serial estimations of thyroglobulin binding capacity (AgBC) using a sensitive double antibody technique were made on 105 patients undergoing partial thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis (70 patients prepared medically) and nontoxic goiter (35 patients). Samples were measured the day before, the day of, and on eight subsequent occasions during the first 14 days after surgery. Three distinct patterns of change in AgBC were observed in the thyrotoxic patients: i) when elevated before surgery, it fell acutely within 48 h of operation and rose again within the first 7-10 days (8 patients); ii) it rose briskly, though transiently, when low (less than 10%) before surgery (4 patients); iii) when elevated before surgery, it rose or fell gently afterwards without sudden change (7 patients). The AgBC in 51 of the Graves' disease patients never exceeded 10% during the perioperative period, and was immeasurably low in all nontoxic goiter patients. Autoimmune thyroid disease results from a disturbance of normal tolerance to thyroid antigens, and thyroid surgery provides an in vivo model in which the response to an acute antigenic challenge may be studied. Patients with Graves' disease showed varying degrees of intolerance to the challenge, while those with nontoxic goiter and no evidence of autoimmune disease were uniformly unresponsive. PMID- 7204887 TI - Iodine treatment of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis. AB - A 62-year-old female who had received prolonged iodine therapy for asthma presented with severe thyrotoxicosis and severe asthma. Her history, elevated serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine, low 131I uptake, and elevated intrathyroidal iodine content by fluorescent scan were most consistent wiht a diagnosis of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis (IITT). The clinical course of her thyrotoxicosis was protracted, and in spite of its etiologic role in the precipitaton of thyrotoxicosos, iodine was therapeutically efficacious, although combined treatment with methimazole was required to ultimately restore euthyroidism. Therapy with lithium was also employed but appeared to be only transiently effective and combined no additional decrement in serum T4 than that seen with iodine alone. The case exemplifies the heterogeneity of what is considered "iodine-induced" thyrotoxicosis, the complexities inherent in establishing a diagnosis of IITT, and the use of other rapid acting pharmacologic agents in IITT when beta blockade is contraindicated by asthma. PMID- 7204889 TI - The effect of freezing and storage on seminal immunoreactive prolactin. AB - Thirteen subjects were studied to compare changes in seminal immunoreactive prolactin produced by storage and freezing of semen and seminal plasma separated within 2 hours of ejaculation. Seminal prolactin was significantly higher in semen than in seminal plasma (paired t test, t = 3.29, p less than 0.005). The difference in prolactin between the two values correlated with sperm count (linear regression analysis, r = 0.65, p less than 0.02). This study suggested that variations in reported correlations between sperm count and seminal prolactin might be explained in part by the time interval of semen collection, centrifugation, and/or freezing. PMID- 7204888 TI - Recurrent adrenal cortical carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome: twenty-five-year follow-up of a patient. AB - A 43-year-old female patient is currently being treated by us for a recurrence of adrenal cortical carcinoma associated with Cushing's syndrome and virilization. Despite many relapses of metastatic spread she has not only survived for 25 yr after the removal of the primary tumor but also until now preserved her ability to work in a textile factory. PMID- 7204890 TI - Decrease of thyroid antibodies during pregnancy. AB - The behavior of serum anti-thyroglobulin (Abs-Tg) and antimicrosomal antibodies (Abs-Mc) was examined during and after normal pregnancies. The antibodies titer decreases as pregnancy progresses; they cross the placenta and are present in the fetal serum. Infants' thyroid function is not affected by this transplacentar transfer. The Abs-Tg titer increases again after delivery. PMID- 7204892 TI - Effects of age and cardiac work in vitro on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and (3H)-leucine incorporation. AB - Mitochondria isolated from in vitro perfused rat heart preparations were used to study the combined effects of age and physical stress. Age-related declines in oxidative phosphorylation catalyzed by mitochondria from nonperfused hearts were not observed. Low work load perfusion resulted in decreased respiration by mitochondria from 24-month-old hearts (p less than .01) but not 10-month old hearts, while high work load perfusion resulted in decreased respiration in both ages. However, the decrease by the 24-month-old hearts was significantly greater than those in the younger hearts (p less than .01). Compared to age-matched low work load hearts, 5- and 10-month-old high work load hearts increased mitochondrial protein synthesis by 86% and 93%, respectively, 15-month-old hearts increased by 60%, and 24-month-old hearts by 13%. The results of this study provide evidence that the ability of the heart to respond appropriately so as to adapt to stress decreases with age, becoming apparent in the laboratory rat between 10 and 15 months of age. PMID- 7204891 TI - Interference of dopamine infusion on gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-stimulated prolactin increase. AB - The effects of simultaneous iv administration of dopamine (DA) and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) were evaluated in 5 normal women. After injection of 50 mg GABA alone, PRL plasma concentrations showed a significant (p less than 0.02) rise. DA infusion (500 g/min over a 60 min period) significantly (p less than 0.02) decreased PRL plasma levels. When GABA was administered intravenously during DA infusion, the rise of PRL plasma concentrations, which was observed after injection of GABA alone, was suppressed. PRL circulating levels significantly (p less than 0.02) decreased as during infusion with DA alone. These results seem to support the hypothesis that stimulatory effects of GABA or its analogues on in vivo PRL secretion could be due to an inhibitory effect of these drugs on endogenous DA. PMID- 7204893 TI - A comparison of surface antigens of senescent and presenescent human fibroblasts. AB - In order to test if there is an alteration in major surface proteins in human fibroblasts as they become senescent in vitro, activity of specific antisera against presenescent and senescent cells was measured. Two strains of human foreskin fibroblasts were grown into senescence by serial transfers. One strain (HF-J) became senescent after 49 population doublings while the second (HF-4) became senescent after 62. Antibodies were made against these cells while in the presenescent (phase II) and senescent (phase III) stages. Antibody binding to presenescent and senescent cells was measured before and after preabsorption with heterologous cells (e.g., presenescent HF-4 cell stimulated antisera was absorbed with senescent HF-4 cells, etc.). Two assays were used to measure antibody binding: complement mediated cell lysis and the binding of radiolabeled staphylococcal protein A. The amount of protein A binding after treatment with specific antisera was found to be the same for both senescent and presenescent cells. Likewise no difference in complement mediated cell lysis titers were observed. These results are consistent with the conclusion that senescent and presenescent cells do not differ in major cell surface antigens. PMID- 7204894 TI - X-linked processes in serially passaged "aging" human diploid cells. AB - Human diploid fibroblasts serially cultured in vitro show a progressive decline in their proliferative capacity. Much before the cells cease to divide, changes in certain phenotypic parameters can also be detected with passage level. A progressive decline in the ratio of two enzyme activities in the purine salvage pathway, one an X-linked enzyme, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) and the other a biochemically related autosomal-linked enzyme, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) becomes apparent with increasing population doublings. The more extensive relative decline in HGPRT activity with passage may be explained on gene dosage effects subsequent to the random inactivation of one X-chromosome in the somatic cells of mammalian females; however, other interpretations can be considered. Since the enzyme activity ratio of HGPRT/APRT decreases linearly with population doubling, it could be useful for the evaluation of the biological "age" of serially passaged cultures. Studies of X linked processes in human diploid cells and its variations during the life-span in culture may contribute to our understanding of some of the mechanisms of "senescence/change" and of the etiology of certain maturity onset disorders. PMID- 7204895 TI - Impact of age on basal and diet-induced changes in sympathetic nervous system activity of Fischer rats. AB - Studies were performed to assess the effect of age on basal sympathetic nervous system activity and on diet-induced changes in sympathetic activity. The rate of norepinephrine turnover in various tissues was measured as an index of sympathetic nervous system activity. In ad lib fed male Fischer 344 rats aged 3 to 24 months, there were no age-related differences in norepinephrine turnover in heart, liver, kidney or pancreas. Throughout the same age range, norepinephrine turnover was greater in organs of sucrose fed than in organs of fasted animals. Diet-induced changes in sympathetic activity thus persist throughout the age range studied. PMID- 7204896 TI - Temporal advancement of diethylnitrosamine carcinogenesis in aging mice. AB - Female BALB/c mice were given diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in their drinking water beginning at 2.5, 9.5, and 17 months of age (cumulative dose approximately 300 to 400 mg/kg body weight) or were untreated. Median times of death for the treatment groups were 193, 168, and 125 days, respectively, after cessation of DEN treatment and were significantly different (p less than .01). Induced tumors in the three respective age groups were of squamous forestomach (88, 87, and 84%), vascular tumors of the liver (11, 13, and 16%), and adenomas of the lung (65, 56, and 54%). Controls had no forestomach or liver tumors and relatively low incidences of lung tumors. The fact that aging mice have similar incidences and types of tumors of the same size and in the same tissues, but at an earlier time, shows that (1) DEN is carcinogenic in aging BALB/c mice; (2) age at treatment does not alter the tumor-susceptible tissue nor types of tumors after DEN treatment; (3) tumor incidences are not affected by age at time of treatment; (4) mice die earlier with induced tumors with increasing age at time of treatment; (5) age-matched non-DEN-treated mice die from different diseases (leukemias) than do DEN-treated mice (stomach and liver tumors). These observations may be related, in part, to an identified age-dependent decrease in immunocompetency or to other age-related changes, such as vascular or hormonal, which could explain temporal advancement in the tumorigenic process. PMID- 7204897 TI - Computerized axial tomograms and dementia in elderly patients. AB - A correlational study comparing CT findings with the degree of dementia in 59 elderly patients revealed that cortical atrophy was related to age but not to dementia. Ventricular enlargement was also related to age but was statistically correlated with dementia. There was no relationship between cortical atrophy and ventricular size. These data suggest that CT findings of cortical atrophy in elderly patients should not be accepted as evidence of senile dementia. PMID- 7204898 TI - Tremor and senile parkinsonism. AB - A study of 100 Day Hospital patients showed that 26 elderly patients with mild Senile Parkinsonism and varying degrees of dementia had subclinical tremor with the same frequency as Parkinson's Disease and distinguishable by amplified recordings from those of Parkinson's Disease and Senile Tremor. A significant history of cerebro-vascular disease was obtained in one-half of these patients. The recording of tremor is shown to be of value in diagnosing Parkinsonism and in assessing response to treatment. PMID- 7204899 TI - Daily variation and other factors affecting the occurrence of cerebrovascular accidents. AB - A study was made of 1,630 Melbourne patients, mostly elderly, who had suffered a cerebral vascular accident in the community or while in hospital for another illness. There was a significant increase in age over the period of investigation (1970 to 1977) and the sex of the subjects was found to varying marginally with the side affected and the location of occurrence; a more important difference was observed in relation to ethnicity. There were significant tendencies for strokes to occur in winter and, for patients already hospitalized, in the middle of the week. The latter finding was largely confined to the spring. It is suggested that this may be due to the transition from weekend rest to the activity associated with ward routines at the beginning of the week. PMID- 7204900 TI - Cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in men. AB - The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was determined on 1480 initially "healthy" male participants of the Normative Aging study on three successive examinations over a ten year period. Cross-sectional analysis revealed a significant correlation between age and ESR (r = 0.20, p less than 0.001) with generally higher ESR values in older individuals. Longitudinal analysis showed significant increases in ESR among "healthy" subjects who continued to pass our criteria for good health over a ten year period (p less than 0.001) and among "excluded" subjects who did not pass these criteria (p less than 0.001). Longistic regression analysis indicated that the ESR was significantly related to risk of death among subjects less than 45 years of age (p = 0.04) but not among subjects 45 + years (p = 0.39). PMID- 7204901 TI - Age-related facilitation in recall following semantic processing. AB - The present experiment was an attempt to reduce or eliminate the age-related deficit in recall following a semantic processing task. It was hypothesized that variables that might affect depth or elaborateness of semantic processing would consequently affect the size and direction of recall differences between younger and older adults. Specifically, we tested for the effects of differential word familiarity and one vs two semantic tasks on recall in young and older adults following semantic processing. The results demonstrated that word familiarity and number of processing tasks both had a strong effect on recall. Older adults benefited as much from additional semantic processing as younger adults. Additionally, older adults actually showed higher recall than younger adults when subjects processed words more familiar to older adults. These results demonstrate that, given appropriate conditions, older adults may actually show higher performance in a memory task than younger adults. PMID- 7204902 TI - On the locus of age differences in visual information processing. AB - Age differences in visual information processing were investigated in a study of monoptic backward masking. Young (18 to 22) and old (58 to 73) adults were tested in three experiments utilizing both a random visual noise and a pattern (fragments) mask, with two-letter combinations serving as target stimuli. Critical target duration needed to escape masking was measured at several mask durations in Exps. 1 and 2; critical interstimulus interval was assessed at several target durations in Exp. 3. With random noise as the mask, a small but reliable age difference was seen across the range of mask or target durations, supporting previous reports of age difference in peripheral processing. With the pattern mask as the masking stimulus, there was mixed evidence for age differences in central processing. Such age effects were clearest in Exp. 3 in which the role of luminance summation had been reduced. Control procedures in Exps. 1 and 2 tended to eliminate evidence for central masking. Results are discussed in terms of the magnitude of age differences in peripheral and central processing and in terms of procedural artifacts of previous research. PMID- 7204903 TI - Urban-suburban differences in the predictors of morale among the aged. AB - Research on the habitability of the city for older people and research on the predictors of well-being have led to the search for patterns of adaptation which distinguish the urban elderly adults from their non-urban counterparts. This study compares neighborhood perceptions and use and social network involvement in an urban and suburban sample of older people. Differences in patterns of adaptation characteristic of urban and suburban elderly adults were sought by comparing the ability of neighborhood and social network factors to predict morale in each sample. Results revealed differences in urban and suburban elderly adults' perceptions and use of neighborhood facilities. Urban older people reported more frequent interactions with friends, greater dissatisfaction with friendships and greater organizational participation. Informal social relationships were related to elderly urbanites' morale but had practically no bearing on suburbanites' morale. Differences in cultural heterogeneity and environmental demand seem to provide the best explanation for the findings. PMID- 7204904 TI - The impact of role loss upon coping resources and life satisfaction of the elderly. AB - A stress is developed to explore the impact of role loss upon the lives of the elderly. The proposed model conceptualizes role loss as a stressor having an impact upon both the coping resources and life satisfaction of the elderly. A cumulative data set from the National Opinion Research Center (General Surveys, 1974, 1975, 1977) was used to test the model separately for men and women. The authors conclude that role loss does have an indirect and direct effect on coping resources and life satisfaction, especially for men. Men and women may also use different coping resources in mediating stress. The adequacy of the stress model in aging research is than discussed. PMID- 7204905 TI - The suprapersonal environments of sheltered care settings. AB - The Resident and Staff Information Form (RESIF) measures the aggregate characteristics of residents and staff of sheltered care settings (the suprapersonal environment) in terms of nine conceptually unified dimensions. The dimensions include measures of residents' social backgrounds, current functioning, and use of facility services. The development of the RESIF is outlined, nd psychometric characteristics, based on data from 93 representative facilities, are presented. Relationships among RESIF dimensions and between these dimensions and facility characteristics are examined. The data show that the aggregate characteristics of residents vary markedly among facilities. The suprapersonal environment in turn is related to other facility characteristics. Residents who are high on social resources or whose functional abilities are high are likely to be more active and to live in facilities that provide more physical resources, more control, and higher cohesion, organization, and physical comfort. The results indicate the existence of mechanisms of selection and social allocation that determine where a person is likely to live. PMID- 7204906 TI - The impact of preretirement programs on the retirement experience. AB - In an attempt to provide evidence on the impact of preretirement programs on the retirement experience of participants a longitudinal design was employed. Two experimental groups and a control group were used to evaluate a comprehensive group discussion program and an individual briefing program. Questionnaire data were collected prior to program initiation and again six years later. Over 80 male industrial workers participated throughout the project. Now age 65 or over they have been retired an average of 3.7 years. Posttest data indicate no significant effect upon the retirement experience by either program. No substantive differences with the control group were noted in length of adjustment period, accuracy of expectations, level of preparation, life satisfaction, attitude toward retirement, or job deprivation. It was concluded that the impact of preretirement programs may be of short duration and of primary value in the preretirement phase. PMID- 7204907 TI - Sympathetic innervation and the development of structure and function of brown adipose tissue: studies on lambs chemically sympathectomized in utero with 6 hydroxydopamine. AB - Fetal sheep were injected intramuscularly with 25-100 mg/kg of 6-hydroxydopamine HBr on 3-4 occasions between the 94th and 136th day of pregnancy. Following birth, which took place normally, the metabolic response to cold (summit metabolism) was found to be lower in treated than in control lambs, by an amount that approximated the thermogenic potential of brown fat. Under thermo-neutral conditions, the dose of infused noradrenaline (10 microgram kg-1 min-1) that stimulates maximum non-shivering thermogenesis in control lambs failed to stimulate thermogenesis in treated lambs unless accompanied by a dose of the alpha-blocker, phentolamine. This failure was apparently due to vasoconstriction induced by hypersensitivity to noradrenaline; hypersensitivity was also indicated when one-tenth of this dose was found to be fully effective in stimulating metabolism and substrate mobilization of the treated lambs. Examination of the perirenal adipose tissue of treated lambs with the electron microscope and by a monoamine fluorescence technique that visualizes catecholamine-containing structures, revealed that the tissue possessed the histological characteristics of brown fat, but there was little or no evidence of sympathetic innervation, in contrast with profuse innervation in control lambs. This is consistent with the observed hypersensitivity to noradrenaline. Similar histological findings were made in lambs that had received weekly intraperitoneal injections of 6 hydroxydopamine from day 70 of gestation, after which time sympathetic innervation normally begins to appear. It is probable that an intact sympathetic innervation is unnecessary for normal development of brown adipose tissue. This chemical sympathectomy appears to be long-lasting since treated lambs 8-months old were unable to vasoconstrict their extremities effectively in response to cold, and significant monoamine fluorescence could not be demonstrated in the various tissues examined. PMID- 7204908 TI - The cardiovascular responses of conscious newborn lambs treated in utero with 6 hydroxydopamine. AB - Fourteen fetal sheep were treated in utero with a single intramuscular injection or three to four injections of 6-hydroxydopamine. After birth the cardiovascular responses of these lambs to adrenergic drugs were studied and compared with the cardiovascular responses of untreated newborn lambs. Lambs which received three to four injections of 6-hydroxydopamine were more sensitive to the pressor actions of noradrenaline and phenylephrine than were control lambs or lambs which received a single injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. The supersensitivity to noradrenaline persisted in multiple treatment lambs until at least 5 months of age. Lambs which received multiple injections of 6-hydroxydopamine were also subsensitive to the pressor action of tyramine. The sensitivity to the pressor actions of noradrenaline and phenylephrine in lambs which received a single injection of 6-hydroxydopamine lay between that of control and multiple treatment groups. Despite the pharmacological evidence of impairment of sympathetic innervation of peripheral blood vessels plus a lack of responsiveness of these lambs to alpha-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine, treated lambs had arterial pressures and heart rates similar to control lambs. As well, treated lambs showed no impairment in their ability to reflexly regulate heart rate in response to changes in arterial pressure, which is consistent with the recently reported vagal control of the cardiac baroreceptor reflex. PMID- 7204909 TI - Effects of haemorrhage on myocardial consumption of oxygen and carbohydrate in fetal sheep in utero. AB - A previous study has demonstrated that fetal myocardial blood flow decreased during haemorrhage. To assess the effects of a decrease in myocardial blood flow on fetal myocardial oxygenation and metabolism, we measured fetal myocardial consumption of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate, at rest and during haemorrhage in fetal sheep in utero. During haemorrhage blood flow to the left ventricular free wall decreased. There were no significant changes in blood oxygen content in the ascending aorta or in arteriovenous oxygen difference across the left ventricular myocardium. There was a decrease in consumption of oxygen by left ventricular free wall. There were no significant changes in blood glucose concentration in the ascending aorta or in the arteriovenous difference of glucose, but glucose consumption by the left ventricular free wall decreased. During haemorrhage blood lactate concentration in the ascending aorta and the arteriovenous difference of lactate increased. Because the decrease in blood flow to the left ventricular free wall was proportional to the increase in arteriovenous difference of lactate, myocardial lactate consumption was unchanged. There were no significant changes in pyruvate flux during haemorrhage. Because both myocardial oxygen consumption and demand decrease during haemorrhage, whereas lactate consumption and inner: outer myocardial blood flow ratio were unchanged, this study shows that fetal myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption decrease during haemorrhage as a reflection of decreased cardiac work. PMID- 7204911 TI - Flaps old and new. PMID- 7204910 TI - Development of the adrenal cortex in the fetal sheep: an ultrastructural study. AB - The adrenal cortex from 31 fetal lambs ranging from 60 to 146 days of gestation was examined by light and electron microscopy. The adrenals of two newborn lambs and three adult ewes were also examined. The adrenal cortex of the adult gland is divided into three regions. The cortex of the fetal lamb consists of two regions only for no zona reticularis is ever clearly seen. The adrenal cortex grows steadily throughout gestation until a rapid phase of growth in the final few days. Most of this terminal growth takes place in the zona fasciculata; it coincides with the known sharp rise in fetal plasma corticosteroids. The cells of the zona glomerulosa appeared capable of secreting steroids in the earliest fetus examined. The cells changed little throughout gestation but from 116 days to term there was an obvious alteration in the proportion of tubular to lamellar cristae within the mitochondria. Cells within the zona fasciculata appeared to undergo functional differentiation as gestation progressed. At 60 days only a few cells appeared capable of secreting steroids. These were situated at the cortico medullary border and contained mitochondria with mainly vesicular but some tubulolamellar cristae, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and large Golgi apparatus. The remainder of the cells within the region contained mitochondria with tubulolamellar cristae and smaller amounts of predominantly rough endoplasmic reticulum. As gestation progressed the number of differentiated cells increased slowly and in a radial direction towards the zona glomerulosa. As the cells differentiated the amount of endoplasmic reticulum increased and changed from mainly rough to predominantly smooth profiles. The mitochondrial cristae became mainly vesicular. These changes appear to relate to an increase in steroidogenic capacity of the cells. There is a rapid development of functionally differentiated zona fasciculata cells in the last few days of gestation. PMID- 7204912 TI - Carpal and Guyon tunnel syndrome in burns at the wrist. AB - A series of 22 patients with burns of the upper extremities have been evaluated by clinical and electromyographic (EMG) studies. As suggested by others, a significantly higher incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome and sensory involvement of the ulnar nerve was discovered. Those findings suggest that we pay more attention to the median and ulnar nerves at the wrist level in burns and treat them when compression is demonstrated by clinical and EMG evaluation. PMID- 7204913 TI - Ulnar artery insufficiency: a guide to treatment. AB - Based o the results of treatment of 28 patients with proved ulnar artery thrombosis, multiple therapeutic regimens, including intra-arterial medications, excision and ligation of the involved segment, environmental modification and biofeedback, sympathectomy, stellate blocks, and excision and vein grafting, and recognizing that no single treatment is suitable for everyone, a patient-oriented treatment algorithm is proposed. PMID- 7204914 TI - Microvascular management of ring avulsion injuries. AB - Microsurgical revascularization has proved to be a useful method in managing the ring avulsion injury where both neurovascular bundles are damaged with only partial skin avulsion. Representative cases are used to illustrate guidelines for a practical classification for helping to decide the optimal method of treatment of acute ring avulsion injuries in light of digital revascularization techniques. Nine ring fingers were successfully revascularized of 24 acute ring avulsion injuries reviewed. Sensibility recovery was good and a functional range of motion obtained. No patient who has had his ring finger revascularized has requested its amputation because of appearance, painful neuromas, stiffness, or cold intolerance. Complete amputations, especially proximal to the superficialis insertion, and complete degloving injuries of the ring finger are usually best managed by surgical amputation of the digit. PMID- 7204915 TI - Effects of graded compression on intraneural blood blow. An in vivo study on rabbit tibial nerve. AB - Compression applied to a peripheral nerve may easily interfere with intraneural blood flow. In the present experimental study, a vital microscopic technique was used to observe changes in intraneural microcirculation (intrafascicularly and extrafascicularly) when graded compression was applied to a rabbit's tibial nerve by a specially designed minicompression device. Interference with venular flow was observed already at a pressure of 20 to 30 mm Hg while arteriolar and intrafascicular capillary flow was impaired at about 40 to 50 mm Hg. At 60 to 80 mm Hg no blood flow could be observed in the nerve. Nerves observed 3 or 7 days after 2 hours of compression at 400 mm Hg showed no or very slow stagnant blood flow within the previously compressed segment. It is concluded that acute compression of nerve may cause persistent impairment of intraneural microcirculation due to mechanical injury to blood vessels. PMID- 7204916 TI - Primary neurovascular bundle transfer in the management of avulsed thumbs. AB - During the 5-year period from 1974 to 1979, 23 avulsed thumbs were replanted or revascularized. All procedures were performed by, or directly supervised by, the senior author. Using conventional microsurgical techniques on the first 13 avulsed thumbs, a survival rate of 54% was achieved. To improve survival and to make primary nerve repair possible, primary transfer of the neurovascular bundle from the ulnar side of the long finger was done in the last 10 avulsed thumbs, with a survival rate of 90%. PMID- 7204917 TI - Examples of simply fabricated, custom-made splints for the hand. AB - Many splints can be made simply and inexpensively from readily available materials, some of which are often discarded. This article presents pictorially some of the custom-made splints which can be fabricated with minimal effort. PMID- 7204918 TI - Evaluation of hand frostbite blister fluid as a clue to pathogenesis. AB - Observations on early pathophysiology of burning suggests that the release of prostaglandins and thromboxanes plays a role in dermal ischemia. Because of the similarities of the early-phase frostbite wound, blister fluids were aspirated from 10 patients with frostbite, and routine biochemical analysis, immunoelectrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and evaluation of prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha, and thromboxane B2 were performed. Potassium, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels exceeded normal serum values. All blisters were found to have IgM, IgG, IgA, C3a, and opsonin. PgE2 was present in levels less than normal, but PgF2 alpha and TxB2 were markedly elevated. Since the vasoconstricting metabolites of arachidonic acid, PgF2 alpha and TxB2, are known to mediate dermal ischemia in burns and pedicle flaps, it is suggested they may play a role in the pathogenesis of frostbite. PMID- 7204919 TI - Intraosseous ganglion of the lunate. AB - Intraosseous ganglion of the lunate is a relatively rare entity. Two cases are reported, in one of which a communication with the scapholunate joint was demonstrated by polytomography. Curettage and bone grafting resulted in complete relief of pain. PMID- 7204920 TI - Diffuse pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis of the ulnar bursa--a case report. AB - A case report of diffuse pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis involving the entire ulnar bursa and a review of the literature are presented. There have been few reports of the diffuse form of pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis involving the hand as compared to the localized nodular form, which is a common tumor of the hand. Complete tenosynovectomy of the involved areas is recommended. PMID- 7204921 TI - Chronic, complex volar dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint. AB - Three cases of traumatic volar dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint of a finger had a common pathologic condition, interposition of the dorsal capsule within the joint space. Late treatment included open reduction. MP joints arthrodesis, or arthroplasty. We reproduced volar dislocation of the MP joint in cadaver specimens by a hyperflexion, proximal translational force applied to the dorsum of the proximal phalanx. In all dislocations, the dorsal capsule of the joint was avulsed proximally and drawn into the joint. Dorsal capsule entrapment may be an important pathologic feature militating against successful closed management in a significant percentage of these injuries. A dorsal surgical approach with reduction and repair is recommended when the injury is seen before onset of gross degenerative changes within the MP joint. PMID- 7204922 TI - The proximal interphalangeal joint volar plate. II: a clinical study of hyperextension injury. AB - The surgical anatomy and clinical course of the pure hyperextension injury of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is described based on observations in 12 patients coupled with 15 cases from the literature and vascular injection study of the volar plate. The conclusions are (1) virtually all pure hyperextension injuries produce a rupture of the volar plate at the distal end and (2) such a rupture, when not associated with a marginal metaphyseal avulsion fracture, is not easily diagnosed and is likely to eventuate in a chronic posttraumatic hyperextension deformity because relatively avascular injured tissue is insufficiently immobilized. PMID- 7204923 TI - A method for the calculation of blood flow in human digital arteries. AB - The assessment of digital artery blood flow in human beings would ideally be noninvasive and accurate. The transcutaneous use of a high-resolution 20 MHz ultrasonic pulsed Doppler provides information about average blood velocities, vessel lumen diameters, and velocity profiles in small vessels. These data are used in calculations which quantitate blood flow in human digital arteries. PMID- 7204924 TI - Volz total wrist arthroplasty. PMID- 7204925 TI - A hospital's outputs as a function of supply and demand characteristics. PMID- 7204926 TI - Control structure, values, and innovation: a comparative study of hospitals. PMID- 7204927 TI - Group practice affiliation and interphysician consulting pattern within a community general hospital. PMID- 7204928 TI - Neighborhood types and community reaction to the mentally ill: a paradox of intensity. PMID- 7204929 TI - Effective social environment and hemodialysis adaptation: a panel analysis. PMID- 7204930 TI - Factor influencing health service knowledge among the elderly. PMID- 7204931 TI - Self-ratings of health among the old and the old-old. PMID- 7204932 TI - The availability of low-nicotine cigarettes as a cause of cigarette smoking among teenage females. PMID- 7204933 TI - On Marshall and Funch's critique of "Mental illness and the economy". PMID- 7204934 TI - On Weinstein's "Patient attitudes toward mental hospitalization: a review of quantitative research". PMID- 7204935 TI - The favorableness of patients' attitudes toward mental hospitalization (reply to comment by Essex et al.). PMID- 7204936 TI - Genetic variation in the terrestrial isopod, Armadillidium vulgare. AB - Allozymic variation for the terrestrial isopod, A. vulgare, is low when compared to that reported for most invertebrates, with the average individual being heterozygous at 3.4 percent of its loci. However, this level of heterozygosity is comparable to that reported in various decapods. A significant heterozygote deficiency occurred in local populations of A. vulgare, which is most likely due to selection and/or nonrandom mating. PMID- 7204937 TI - Population genetics of Drosophila nasuta nasuta, Drosophila nasuta albomicana and their hybrids. VI. Pattern of meiotic F1 chromosome segregation. AB - Interracial hybridization experiments between D. n. nasuta and D. n. albomicana were made. During gametogenesis there was selective elimination of abnormal gametes in F1 females; hence, only normal gametes were produced. F1 males yielded both normal and abnormal gametes. Fertility tests on F2 and backcross progeny showed males are more often sterile than females. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7204938 TI - Para-albumin polymorphism: an unlinked two-locus system in rainbow trout. AB - Para-albumin (PALB), a new polymorphic protein system in rainbow trout, is described. Data from 20 ful-sib families established that the observed electrophoretic variability was controlled by two loci. Differential staining of two bands expressed by heterozygotes indicated that the PALB protein was a monomer and that the variability was the result of the expression of two alleles at each locus. The alleles at the two loci were further shown to be identical with regard to electrophoretic mobilities of the proteins. There was no evidence of linkage between the two loci. Consequently, it is concluded that the loci, PALB-1,2, reside on duplicate chromosomes that have retained their integrity since a tetraploidation event. PMID- 7204939 TI - Age-related pigmentation changes in the coats of allophenic mice. AB - Hair pigmentation and patterns of pigmentation change with age in the coats of BALB/cByJ in equilibrium C57BL/6J allophenic mice. These changes are particularly evident on the dorsum where there is an increase in the proportion of white areas at the expense of agouti and black areas. The most plausible explanation for these changes is that they represent a continuous selection for one of the two genotypes of cells from which the melanoblasts and hair follicles of these animals are derived. PMID- 7204940 TI - Synthesis and properties of a double translocation heterozygote involving a stable ring-of-six interchange in the German cockroach. AB - The synthesis and properties of a new double translocation heterozygote in B germanica, combining T (8;9) with the progressive interchange T (4;5;10), are described. Competitiveness and sterility data indicate that males are promising candidates for a "field" experiment in genetic control of a cockroach. Sterility from genetic load and embryonic trapping is complete. Disjunction properties of the parental interchanges are similar to those found in cells of the double males, but chiasma frequency of the interchanged chromosomes is increased. Evidence of a possible relationship between chiasma formation and disjunction type is discussed. PMID- 7204941 TI - Genetics of scoliosis in chickens. AB - The genetics of an inherited form of scoliosis in chickens was studied to estimate the number of genes involved, whether they are autosomal or sex-linked, their degree of dominance and penetrance, and the heritability of this trait in this population. Expression of scoliosis and in the progeny was analyzed by radiographs of birds 12 weeks of age or older. Crosses between an inbred line selected for scoliosis expression (incidence of scoliosis - 89 percent) and a highly inbred line displaying normal spinal development provided data for genetic analyses. The incidence of expression of scoliotic parent line implicates three major autosomal, recessive genes. The significantly higher incidence of severe scoliosis found in the homogametic male sex is ascribed to a sex-influenced, on the scoliosis trait rather than to sex-linkage. Variation of expression observed in the scoliotic line is attributed to incomplete penetrance of the major genes, additive effects of minor modifying genes, and primarily to environmental effects. Because of the similarities in the expression of this disease in chickens and humans, the inheritance pattern determined for chickens may provide useful insights into that operating for so-called adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in humans. PMID- 7204942 TI - Teaching Mendelian inheritance with a herediscope. AB - The herediscope is a useful teaching aid. Unlike some of the more sophisticated new computer teaching aids it clearly demonstrates Mendelian inheritance and sampling variation. The herediscope is easy to construct and costs little. Students can perform numbers of trials, and quickly demonstrate to themselves the variability associated with Mendelian inheritance for both single and multiple qualitative traits, and multigene quantitative traits. Instructors should consider the use of the herediscope as a possible teaching aid when teaching Mendelian inheritance. PMID- 7204943 TI - Coat color and gestation length in thoroughbred mares. AB - Average gestation periods for bay, chestnut, dark bay, gray, and black Thoroughbred mares were compared. A total of 1359 gestation periods were used. A linear model including factors for age of mare, sex of foal, month and year of breeding, and sire effects was used in the analysis. Dam and sire coat-color combinations were also investigated in a similar manner. No significant differences in gestation length could be attributed to coat color of the mare of to dam and sire coat-color combinations. Heritability of gestation length was estimated to be 0.38. The results of this study strongly suggest that coat color is not associated with gestation length in Thoroughbred mares. PMID- 7204944 TI - Schizophrenia in learned societies: professionalism vs. scholarship. PMID- 7204945 TI - Presidential address. Prospects for histochemistry and cytochemistry. PMID- 7204946 TI - Ultrastructural, immunocytochemical localization of presumptive erythropoietin binding sites on developing erythrocytic cells of normal human bone marrow. PMID- 7204947 TI - Enzyme histochemistry of developing rat oral mucosa. AB - The oral mucosa of developing and mature rats was analyzed histochemically for regional enzyme differences. The following enzymes were studied: nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (alkpase), acid phosphatase (acidpase), 5'-nucleotidase (AMPase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-pDH). All enzymes were active in the oral mucosa, but regional as well as tissue variations were observed. Epithelium in all regions showed acidpase staining. Oxidoreductases were found in all regions with variations within the epithelium. The epithelium of specific regions stained for alkpase and AMPase, while adjacent epithelium did not. We suggest that the alkpase and AMPase activities are associated with specific functions of the epithelium in these regions. PMID- 7204948 TI - A novel technique for quantitative autoradiography of labeled histological specimens. AB - A novel quantitative method is described that makes it possible to routinely and accurately quantify contact autoradiographs of tissue sections in terms of actual amounts of radioactivity per square millimeter. Such determinations can either be made on the entire specimen or on any selected area of arbitrary shape that might correspond to a particular histological structure. This method utilizes the tissue specimens themselves as internal standards and requires the availability of a computerized image analyzer. PMID- 7204950 TI - Sexual preference or personal style? Why lesbians are disliked. PMID- 7204949 TI - Interrelationship between myosin-based and metabolism-based classifications of skeletal muscle fibers. PMID- 7204952 TI - Factors affecting the self-esteem of the homosexual individual. PMID- 7204951 TI - A strategy for the measurement of homophobia. PMID- 7204954 TI - New psychoanalytic perspectives on the treatment of a homosexual male. PMID- 7204953 TI - Variables related to the acquisition of a gay identity. PMID- 7204955 TI - Physiologic reaction of Type A's to objective and subjective challenge. AB - This study investigated the relationship between the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern and the sympathetic nervous system arousal elicited during challenge. Type A and B (noncoronary-prone) subjects were randomly assigned to a task whose instructions indicated that the task was either Easy or Hard (Subjective) and which was in fact either Easy or Hard (Objective). Type B's became physiologically aroused only when they encountered a hard task that they were expecting to be hard. Type A's, on the other hand, became physiologically aroused both when the task was hard and also when they expected it to be hard. This latter effect was present even when the task was in fact easy. The results were discussed in terms of specific Type A behavior, as well as a more general illness behavior. PMID- 7204956 TI - Life events and response to antidepressants. AB - The present study examined the relationship of life events and response to tricyclic antidepressants among 80 outpatients with unipolar, primary depressions. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either amitriptyline or amoxapine. Events occurring in either the two or 12 months prior to starting treatment (antecedent events) were unrelated to antidepressant response. However, events occurring during the treatment period itself (concurrent events) were significantly related to tricyclic response. Patients evidencing the poorer response reported almost three times as many concurrent events as the more improved patients. A poorer tricyclic response was associated in particular with concurrent events which were undesirable, health related, and perceived as being outside of the patient's own control. It was suggested that the continuing occurrence of stressor events probably interferes with treatment efforts and, therefore, it may be important for the therapist to pay careful attention to the ongoing life stresses of the depressed patient. PMID- 7204957 TI - A harmonic analysis of cardiac response of normotensive and hypertensive adolescents during stress. AB - In this paper, a statistical analysis is applied to the systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) data of 23 normotensive (NT) and 24 hypertensive (HT) adolescents who underwent a 10-minute mental stress regimen. Readings were measured at one-minute intervals. The harmonic time series analysis is based on the data of an eight-minute interval of the stress phase. The NT group established a statistically significant (p less than .05) rhythmic variation described by a sinusoidal wave about a near pre-stress mean. The HT group exhibits for the three parameters a near constant response about a significantly elevated level. The consistent existence of a rhythmic pattern for the NT subjects under mental stress, in contrast to the constant response for the HT subjects, suggests that mental stress causes a change in the "natural" rhythmic pattern of cardiac response for the HT subject alone. PMID- 7204958 TI - Essential hypertension and social coping behavior. AB - Experimental studies of personality as a psychological risk factor in essential hypertension are reviewed. While no single personality trait has been found to be consistently and specifically related to hypertension, a certain behavior pattern emerges from this literature. This pattern, which includes increased anxiety, inappropriate coping behaviors in socially distressing situations and, possibly, a negative cognitive set, is compared with experimental findings from social competence research. Considerable overlap between the pattern of behavioral characteristics of hypertensives and individuals who display deficits in social skills is noted. The flight/fight concept in stress research, the differentiation of assertion from aggression and inhibition and their physiological equivalents are integrated in a three-dimensional model of social functioning in hypertensives. The clinical implications of this conceptualization are discussed in reference to the need for more comprehensive behavioral approaches to hypertension management. PMID- 7204960 TI - Serum vitamin B12 status in chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7204959 TI - Relationship between cognitive activity and adjustment in four spinal-cord injured individuals: a longitudinal investigation. AB - Although most of the stress one faces in life occurs in anticipation of a stressful period, very little research has been done on what anticipatory cognitive activities are related to subsequent adjustment. The present study investigated the relationship between measures of anticipatory cognitive activity and subsequent adjustment in four spinal-cord-injured individuals. Measures of anticipatory cognitive activity, which were assessed before subjects left the rehabilitation center, were related to measures of adjustment, which were assessed when subjects returned to the rehabilitation center for a medical checkup anywhere from 7 to 13 1/2 weeks following discharge. Seven-month follow ups were conducted with two of the subjects. Although the small sample size precluded any statistical analysis of the data, the rank orderings of subjects across the variables of interest revealed a number of interesting trends. The most striking trend was that the best adjusted subject predominantly employed rationalization and denial in anticipating going home. A theory to explain why these strategies may be effective for spinal-cord-injured individuals is proposed. Other trends revealed that individuals who avoid catastrophizing and worrying about what their life will be like, who think more about the various goals they may have once they leave the rehabilitation center, and who employ internal forms of mental rehearsal in anticipating going home tend to be better adjusted. Although any conclusions that can be drawn from this study are only suggestive, given the small sample size, the fruitfulness of conducting this type of research is demonstrated. PMID- 7204961 TI - Hazards to sufferers from food intolerance from medical investigations. PMID- 7204962 TI - Biochemical evidence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant Asian women. AB - Levels of plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25 OHD) were found to be lower in 58 pregnant Asians when compared with 59 Caucasian controls. Thirty per cent of Asians and none of the controls had levels less that 10 ng/ml. The low plasma was associated with biochemical evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover as assessed by plasma parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline. Vitamin A and its binding protein, and vitamin D binding protein, were also measured in a subgroup of 40 patients. There was no difference between Asians and their controls. The data suggest that vitamin D supplementation would be beneficial in Asian women during pregnancy. PMID- 7204963 TI - Ischaemic heart disease and aged patients: effects of ascorbic acid on lipoproteins. AB - Aged men and women with ischaemic heart disease had higher total triglyceride levels than controls, and also lower mean percentage cholesterol levels in the high-density lipoprotein fraction. Subnormal levels of leucocyte ascorbic acid were found in 15/25 patients. In men, but not in women, the initial leucocyte ascorbic acid levels were correlated positively with HDL-cholesterol concentrations. After six weeks treatment with ascorbic acid, the mean HDL cholesterol concentration had increased not only in all men, but also in those women with IHD. Furthermore, total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were reduced in men with IHD, but triglyceride levels were not significantly changed; whereas in women with IHD both total serum and VLDL triglycerides were reduced. Ascorbic acid deficiency appears to contribute to disorders of lipoprotein metabolism in the aged. Latent ascorbic acid deficiency may be one of several preventable 'risk' factors contributing to the present epidemic of IHD in the western world. PMID- 7204964 TI - Dietary vitamin D: is it necessary? AB - A fuller understanding of the factors affecting vitamin D utilisation is needed to completely explain rickets and osteomalacia. The cause of many, if not most, cases in Britain is not to be found in the inadequacy of dietary vitamin D or sunlight exposure. Attention is drawn to the need to ensure that all groups at risk, eg pregnant women, receive the recommended vitamin D supplements PMID- 7204965 TI - Preliminary characterization of the tumor cell cytotoxin in tumor necrosis serum. PMID- 7204966 TI - Transfer to cyclophosphamide-treated mice of natural killer (NK) cells and in vivo natural reactivity against tumors. PMID- 7204968 TI - Sex-related differences in the rapid production of cytotoxic spleen cells active against uninfected myofibers during Coxsackievirus B-3 infection. AB - Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with a cardiotropic strain of Coxsackie B 3 virus were more cytolytic to uninfected myofibers than were spleen cells from mice immune to a noncardiotropic strain of the virus. Spleen cells immune to either virus were equally cytolytic to endothelial cells. Cytotoxicity was greater in female mice than in males. Analysis of individual reactivities showed that the male response was heterogeneous with only half of the animals developing cytolytic activity. All females responded. Early (day 3) cytolytic cells in both male and female mice appear to be natural killer (NK) cells, since they are not sensitive to anti-thy 1.2 or anti-Ig serum and complement, and lyse allogeneic (CBA) as well as syngeneic (BALB/c) targets. Later (days 4 to 6), the cytolytic cells in males become sensitive to anti-thy 1.2 serum and are restricted to lysis of syngeneic targets, while the cytolytic cells in females maintain the characteristics of NK cells. PMID- 7204967 TI - Regulation of the immune response: III. The role of macrophages in the potentiation of the immune response by Fc fragments. AB - The Fc fragment-induced enhancement of the anti-SRBC response was found to be dependent upon the presence of functional macrophages. Fc fragments derived from human immunoglobulin were unable to enhance either the in vivo or in vitro anti SRBC response in the C3H/HeJ mouse, whereas similar responses in histocompatible C3Heb/FeJ mice were enhanced. Macrophages were found to be required for the Fc fragment-induced adjuvant effect as evidenced by the inability of C3H/HeJ macrophages to substitute for C3Heb/FeJ macrophages in Sephadex G-10-filtered C3Heb/FeJ spleen cell cultures. Moreover, the C3H/HeJ anti-SRBC response could be enhanced when Fc subfragments were employed instead of Fc fragments. The C3H/HeJ derived T cells were normal, since they could be added to B cells and macrophages derived from the C3Heb/FeJ mouse with an enhanced response observed in the presence of Fc fragments. The fact that C3H/HeJ macrophages function normally as accessory cells in generation of the anti-SRBC response but fail to function in the Fc-induced adjuvant effect allows the dissection of 3 macrophage functions in the modulation of the antibody response. PMID- 7204970 TI - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody (4F2) that binds to human monocytes and to a subset of activated lymphocytes. PMID- 7204971 TI - A two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of protein synthesis in resting and growing lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 7204969 TI - The biologic activity of the immunoregulatory lipoprotein, LDL-In is independent of its free fatty acid content. AB - The immunoregulatory normal plasma lipoprotein subclass, termed LDL-In, suppresses a number of immune responses in vitro including peripheral blood lymphocyte phytohemagglutinin-stimulated 3H-thymidine uptake, pokeweed mitogen driven immunoglobulin synthesis, and the generation of cytolytic T cells. In vivo parallels have also been demonstrated. Plasma lipoproteins represent noncovalent complexes of lipid and apolipoprotein chains. Since free fatty acids have been demonstrated to suppress certain lymphocyte responses including mitogen stimulated 3H-thymidine uptake, we have examined the hypothesis that the free fatty acids associated with LDL-In particles are the biologically active constituents. However, the dose-dependence and the kinetics of LDL-In-mediated suppression were distinctly different from those observed for a number of free fatty acids. In addition, when greater than 92% of the endogenous free fatty acids of LDL-In were removed by incubation in the presence of delipidated albumin, no differences were observed between this free fatty acid depleted LDL In and native LDL-In with respect to suppressive activity for lymphocyte stimulation or binding to the lymphocyte LDL-In receptor. These observations indicate that the interaction of the LDL-In particle with the lymphocyte receptor and the suppression of lymphocyte function are independent of the free fatty acid content of this bioregulatory lipoprotein, thus focusing attention on the apolipoprotein chains or the phospholipids and glycolipids of this minor plasma lipoprotein. PMID- 7204972 TI - The complement system in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). II. Purification and characterization of the fifth component (C5). AB - The fifth component of rainbow trout complement was purified to homogeneity using a 4-step purification procedure: 1) 5 to 15% polyethylene glycol precipitation; 2) DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography; 3) gel filtration on Sephadex G-200; and 4) CM-Sepharose column chromatography. A 175-fold purification was attained with 20 to 30% yield of C5 antigen and hemolytic activity. The rainbow trout C5 thus purified was homogeneous as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. Rainbow trout C5 was composed of 2 polypeptide chains with m.w. of 133,000 daltons and 86,000 daltons linked by disulfide bonds. The highly purified C5 retained its functional activity. It fully reconstituted the hemolytic titer to C5-depleted rainbow trout serum. Upon activation, this protein was incorporated into a macromolecular complex that closely resembles a membrane attack complex (MAC) of human and guinea pig complement. On the basis of physico chemical and functional characteristics, we identified this protein as the rainbow trout counterpart of mammalian C5. The identification of C5 in rainbow trout serum strengthened our previous conclusion that the complement system is in a highly developed state already at the phylogenetic level of teleost fish. PMID- 7204973 TI - Platelet-serotonin release by C3a and C5a: two independent pathways of activation. AB - C3a and C5a were investigated for their ability to induce secretion of serotonin from platelets in a homologous guinea pig system. Platelets respond to either anaphylatoxin with a dose-dependent release that does not exceed a plateau at the 70% level. On a molar basis. C5a is about 50-fold more active than the C3 fragment. The C5a effects in the platelet system can be clearly distinguished from the activity of C3a and vice versa by a phenomenon of specific desensitization of the platelets to either stimulus. Our observations lead to the postulation of distinct receptors for C3a and C5a on guinea pig platelets as well as 2 independent pathways of platelet activation, which both lead to a specific release. PMID- 7204975 TI - Selective lysis of NK-sensitive target cells by a soluble mediator released from murine spleen cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 7204974 TI - Stimulation of nonlymphoid mesenchymal cell proliferation by a macrophage-derived growth factor. AB - Cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages secrete a growth-promoting activity that stimulates 3 types of nonlymphoid mesenchymal cells in vitro: fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle, and vascular endothelium. Production of this macrophage derived growth factor (MDGF) is directly related to the number of viable macrophages and their time in culture, and is independent of platelet- or plasma derived serum growth factors. Treatment of cultured macrophages with latex, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, or phorbol myristate acetate results in increased growth factor activity. Preliminary biochemical characterization of MDGF indicates that it is a heat labile (100 degrees C, 2 min), non-dialyzable protein, which contains at least 1 essential disulfide bond. Growth-promoting activity is not adsorbed by CM-Sephadex chromatography, under conditions that effectively remove platelet-derived growth factor(s). Serine protease activity is not required for the action of MDGF. Secretion of macrophage-derived growth factor may be relevant to the function of mononuclear phagocytes in several pathologic processes, including the neovascularization and fibroplasia of wound healing, smooth muscle hyperplasia in atherosclerosis, and proliferative glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7204976 TI - Activation of first component of complement (C1) in guinea pig serum by a polysaccharide is prevented by C1 inhibitor. AB - A polysaccharide (PS) purified from venom of the ant Pseudomyrmex sp. causes the activation of the classical complement (C) pathway in normal serum, but not in guinea pig serum. To investigate why C was not activated in guinea pig serum, we partially purified guinea pig C1 in the presence of the protease inhibitor p nitrophenyl, p'-guanidinobenzoate (NPGB). This C1 preparation was activated (mu = 0.15, pH 7.5) by the PS in a dose-dependent reaction after NPGB was eliminated by dilution. The PS decreased the action of the C1 inhibitor for C1 in diluted guinea pig serum, and it also inhibited the activity of highly purified guinea pig C1 inhibitor for C1. There was a direct correlation between the concentration of the guinea pig C1 inhibitor and the loss of ability of the PS to activate C1 in mixtures of constant concentrations of purified guinea pig C1 and purified venom PS, and increasing concentrations of purified guinea pig C1 inhibitor. The activity of the human C1 inhibitor, either in diluted serum or highly purified, was not decreased by the PS. These results show that the PS does not activate guinea pig C1 in serum because its action is blocked by the C1 inhibitor. PMID- 7204977 TI - In vivo interaction of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with rabbit platelets: modulation by C3 and high density lipoproteins. PMID- 7204978 TI - The third component of complement inhibits human lymphocyte blastogenesis. AB - Purified human C3 was studied for its ability to regulate human peripheral blood lymphocyte activation in a serum-free tissue culture system. C3 and its fragments formed by trypsin digestion were not mitogenic. However, C3 inhibited both mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-related manner. The observed inhibition by C3 increased with an increase in the dose of mitogen, with 50% inhibition seen at a C3 dose of 2.5 to 25 microgram/ml. Inhibition was induced even when C3 was added at 69 hr in a 99-hr culture, suggesting an effect on late events in activation. The inhibition was not mediated through generalized cytotoxicity, was not an artifact of kinetic alteration and still occurred in macrophage-depleted cultures. A small m.w. fragment of C3 which contained the inhibitory capacity in our C3 preparation was similar to C3a in size, anaphylatoxin activity, heat and acid stability and inhibition by serum. Our results indicate that cleavage products by C3 may play a negative role in lymphocyte activation. PMID- 7204979 TI - Increased peripheral blood monocytes with Fc receptors for IgE in patients with severe allergic disorders. AB - Peripheral blood monocytes, defined as latex bead-ingesting mononuclear cells, from 15 healthy nonallergic donors and 22 patients with allergic disorders were analyzed for Fc receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon) by a rosette assay employing ox erythrocytes coated with IgE. The patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I: 12 patients with mild to moderate atopic disease and serum IgE levels up to 2300 IU/ml. Group II: 6 patients with severe generalized atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma, of which 5 had IgE serum levels of 8000 to 77,500 IU/ml. Group III: 4 severely atopic patients with IgE levels greater than 10,000 IU/ml and receiving oral corticosteroids. The numbers of monocytes were similar in healthy donors and patients. In contrast, severely atopic patients (Group II) had significantly more (p less than 0.01) Fc epsilon + monocytes (107 +/- 42/mm3) than healthy donors (20 +/- 14/mm3) or patients of Group I (31 +/- 14/mm3). Patients of Group III had significantly fewer (p less than 0.05) Fc epsilon + monocytes (12 +/- 16/mm3) than controls and patients of Groups I and II. We conclude that patients with severe allergic disorders have a significant increase of peripheral blood monocytes with Fc receptors for IgE, which suggests that these cells may participate in the pathophysiology of atopic disease. PMID- 7204980 TI - Functional and partial chemical characterization of the carbohydrate moieties of the IgE receptor on rat basophilic leukemia cells and rat mast cells. AB - The role of the carbohydrate portion of the receptor for IgE in the interaction with IgE was investigated. Membrane carbohydrates of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells and rat mast cells (RMC) were labeled by treating the cells with galactose oxidase followed by [3H]-NaBH4. IgE receptors were separated from detergent solubilized membranes and examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Pretreatment with neuraminidase markedly increased the incorporation of 3H into both the total membrane extract and into the IgE receptors. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated the presence of galactose in all IgE binding components of 2 RBL cell lines and the presence of sialic acid on the major IgE-binding component. Prior saturation of the cells with IgE did not prevent the carbohydrate labeling of the receptor, although it did block the labeling of its protein part, indicating that carbohydrates are not located in the binding site. Removal of terminal sialic acid residues with neuraminidase increased the affinity of the receptor for IgE without appreciably affecting the number of receptors per cell. In order to more drastically modify the receptor carbohydrates, RBL cells were grown in the presence of Tunicamycin (TN). TN was shown to markedly inhibit the incorporation of [3H]-glucosamine into the receptor. RBL cells grown in the presence of TN expressed fewer receptors at the cell surface, as judged both by ligand binding studies and external labeling procedures. These data cumulatively suggest that the carbohydrate moieties of the receptor are not directly located in the binding site of the IgE receptor; however, the TN studies suggest that receptor carbohydrate may play a role in transport of the receptor to the plasma membrane or in its orientation thereafter. PMID- 7204981 TI - Thymidine transport in human lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A: effect of colchicine. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A) was found to induce the appearance of time-dependent and saturable thymidine transport in human peripheral lymphocytes with a Km that ranged from 200 to 500 microM and a Vmax of between 5 to 8 pmols/cell/sec; transport of thymidine could not be demonstrated in resting cultures. Colchicine was found to cause the disappearance of microtubular networks in the majority of cells in the population, whereas lumicolchicine as expected had no significant effect on the presence of microtubules. Lumicolchicine caused 50% inhibition of thymidine transport and of DNA synthesis at a concentration of about 10(-4) M; the effect of this agent on the transport of thymidine could account for its ability to inhibit DNA synthesis. Colchicine also inhibited the transport of thymidine by 50% at about 10(-4) M. However, half-maximal DNA synthesis occurred at a colchicine concentration of 5.0 X 10(-8) M; thus, the effect of this drug on transport cannot account for its effect on DNA synthesis, since the latter process is some 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than the former. The ability of colchicine to inhibit DNA synthesis in Con A-stimulated human lymphocytes would appear to be an indirect consequence of disassembly of microtubules. PMID- 7204983 TI - A direct competitive binding radioimmunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - We have incorporated commercially available CEA standard and antiserum into the triple isotope double antibody radioimmunoassay and we have evaluated this assay for the routine determination of CEA. The competitive protein binding (CPB) assay for CEA can be performed directly on serum or plasma without perchloric acid extraction. The assay sensitivity was 0.98 ng/ml, and the day-to-day precision as defined by the coefficient of variation was 12.5% and 13.3% for mean values of 7.6 and 23.9 ng CEA/ml, respectively. The normal range (X +/- 2 S.D.) for CEA determined with the direct CPB method was 3.2--6.2 ng CEA/ml for non-smokers. The upper limit of normal for smokers was 10.0 ng/ml. A method comparison study (Roche perchloric acid extraction vs. direct CPB) showed excellent agreement between the methods for plasma samples containing less than 20.0 ng CEA/ml. The least square analysis parameters were: N = 116, slope = 1.01, y-intercept = 3.5 ng/ml, Sy/x -2.05 ng/ml, and the correlation coefficient was 0.79. Recovery and dilution studies showed no demonstrable non-specific interference due to serum proteins in the direct CPB assay. The clinical significance of the direct CPB assay for CEA was assessed by correlating serial CEA values with the clinical status of patients with breast and colorectal cancer. Increasing CEA values correlated with progressive or recurrent neoplastic disease, and decreasing CEA values correlated with response of the patient to therapy. No false positive direct CPB values for CEA were observed in the clinical study or in the method comparison study. Our laboratory and clinical evaluation demonstrate that the direct CPB method is an accurate and reliable method for the quantitation of CEA. In addition, the method permits high volume analysis and eliminates the hazards to safety that are associated with perchloric acid. PMID- 7204982 TI - Genetic control of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in mice. II. Lymphocyte proliferative response to acetylcholine receptor is dependent on Lyt 1+23- cells. AB - The proliferative response of regional lymph node lymphocytes to Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (TAR) is under H-2 linked Ir gene control. In high responder B6 (H-2b) congenic mice, lymphocytes that proliferate in vitro in response to TAR are dependent on T cells of a subpopulation expressing the phenotype associated with helper functions, Lyt-1+23-. PMID- 7204984 TI - Quantitation of proteins in the femtomole range by hemagglutination using an electronic particle counter. AB - By using an electronic particle counter equipped with two counting channels, it is possible to simultaneously count total particles and agglutinated particles in an erythrocyte population. Using these two parameters, an empirically useful measure of the degree of agglutination in a sample (the agglutination index) can be generated. This method has been used to accurately and precisely determine human serum IgG concentrations in an inhibition of hemagglutination assay. As little as 1 microgram/ml of IgG could be measured in this way. Agglutination and inhibition of agglutination assays with other systems indicate that this method will be widely applicable. PMID- 7204985 TI - Partition affinity ligand assay (PALA): radioimmunoassay of digoxin. AB - A new approach to radioimmunoassay is described. Thanks to the use of an aqueous two-phase system for separation of bound and free ligand, a convenient procedure has been developed where soluble antibodies may be used and separate washing steps are unnecessary. Assay of digoxin in serum using the Partition Affinity Ligand Assay (PALA), gave results which correlated closely (r = 0.979) with those obtained with conventional RIA-procedures. PMID- 7204986 TI - Further production and characterization of antibodies reactive with pyrazolone derivatives. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for pyrazolone derivatives has been developed. Anti antipyrine antisera were produced in rabbits by repeated immunization with 4 succinamidoantipyrine coupled to bovine serum albumin. Less than 1 ng of antipyrine could be detected by this procedure. Various substituents on the carbon-4 position of the pyrazolone ring decreased the affinity for the antibody. The concentrations in ng of various pyrazolone derivatives required to inhibit [3H]antipyrine binding by 50% were: antipyrine, 6.8; aminopropylon, 8.5; sulpyrine, 35.5; isopropylantipyrine, 1320; and aminopyrine, 2820. The antibody showed no cross-reactivity with any other antipyretics such as pyrazolidine or aniline derivatives. The determination of antipyrine and sulpyrine concentrations in rat serum after i.p administration was also carried out. PMID- 7204988 TI - Studies of the IgM and IgA contamination obtained by eluting IgG from protein A Sepharose column with pH steps. AB - The IgG fraction obtained from pooled human plasma by eluting a protein A column with a buffer at pH 2.5 was contaminated with approximately 30% of the IgM originally present in the sample. Both the IgM and the IgA contamination can be reduced and the IgG recovery maintained at 90% of the bound IgG when elution of the column is performed at pH 4.0 PMID- 7204987 TI - Conjugation of triaziquinone to immunoglobulin G by a thiolation procedure catalyzed by 2-pyridinealdoxime methiodide. AB - Thiolation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) with DL-N-acetylhomocysteinethiolactone, catalyzed by 2-pyridinealdoxime methiodide, incorporated new sulfur groups into IgG. Triaziquinone was subsequently conjugated to the sulfur groups. Triaziquinone-IgG complex retained the alkylating activity of the drug and the immunological activity of the antibody. The conjugation procedure was inhibited by the thiol-blocking agent methyl methanethiolsulfonate. PMID- 7204989 TI - Cryopreservation of human lymphocytes for sequential testing of immune competence. AB - Frozen stored lymphocytes are frequently used for sequential testing of immunological function in patients. The reliability of this system was investigated. By varying combinations of factors, it has been shown that lymphocyte samples, taken at different times and subsequently tested as a batch, give the most consistent results, the means of the various immune parameters measured on different sampling days in normal persons lying on straight lines parallel with the time axis. It is also shown that storage at -90 degrees C is equivalent to storage at -196.5% C. PMID- 7204990 TI - An enzymatic assay for the detection of natural cytotoxicity. AB - The pronase-enhanced release of 14C-labeled DNA was used to assay cytotoxicity of murine natural killer cells. YAC-1 lymphoma cells were labeled with [14C]thymidine and incubated with increasing numbers of spleen cells from nude mice. At harvest, nuclease-free pronase was used to digest damaged target cells. Increases in cytotoxicity of 5--39% were obtained using optimal conditions. The reaction could be successfully inhibited with unlabeled YAC-1 cells. The degree of cytotoxicity was similar to that detected by 51Cr release, but a longer period of incubation was required. PMID- 7204991 TI - Isoelectric focusing of human antibodies directed against a high molecular weight antigen. AB - A simple technique has been developed to assess the spectrotypes of antigen specific human autoantibodies. Following isoelectric focusing in 3 M urea at 1200 V for 2 h, immunoglobulins were fixed in polyacrylamide gels by precipitation with sheep anti-human immunoglobulin in the presence of sodium sulphate. Specific anti-thyroglobulin antibody bands were labelled by reaction with [125I]thyroglobulin, an antigen with a molecular weight of 660,000 daltons which is too large to enter the gel. The advantages of this method include increased sensitivity and reproducibility, and the ability to produce sharper bands and less non-specific binding than other methods. PMID- 7204992 TI - The ER-rosette inhibition assay as a test for immune complexes. AB - Soluble transferrin-anti-transferrin (TAT) complexes were shown by EA-rosette inhibition assay to block human lymphocyte receptors for the Fc of reacted IgG (Fc gamma) in vitro. These complexes, which provide a convenient and controlled source of Fc gamma receptor blocking material, were found to inhibit EA-rosette formation over a wide range of antigen: antibody ratios. Complexes were detected at both 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C although the range and sensitivity of the assay was markedly increased at 4 degrees C. The inhibitory capacity of TAT complexes was lost on pre-incubation with normal human serum suggesting that only non-complement fixing complexes are detected by EA-rosette inhibition. "False positive" inhibition by antilymphocyte antibodies occurs at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C. Partial automation of the assay was achieved by calibrating a Coulter counter for rosette counting, thus obviating the requirement for tedious and subjective microscopic determinations. PMID- 7204993 TI - Isolation and purification of human C1q from plasma. AB - C1q was purified to homogeneity from human plasma by a 3-step purification procedure. Plasma was euglobulin precipitated, and the redissolved precipitate chromatographed on a rabbit IgG-Sepharose column. The 1 M NaCl buffer eluate was passed directly through a rabbit anti-human IgG-Sepharose affinity column. C1q freed of IgG was present in the flow through. The rationale for this scheme to remove IgG free and that bound to C1q is discussed. Overall recovery of C1q was about 40% with IgG less than 4 microgram/mg C1q. In SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis with non-reducing conditions bands at 52,000 and 42,000 daltons were demonstrated while with reducing conditions bands at 26,000, 24,000 and 20,000 daltons were found as reported by others. C1q was found to be stable at 4 degrees C for 1 year in a 1 M NaCl, 0.4 M Tris, 10% sucrose, 0.005 M EDTA, 0.02% NaN3, pH 8.6 buffer. PMID- 7204994 TI - Determination of alternative pathway of complement activity in mouse serum using rabbit erythrocytes. AB - Rabbit, mouse and sheep erythrocytes expressing different concentrations of membrane sialic acid were used to study possible modes of activation of the alternative complement (C) pathway in mouse, human and guinea pig serum. Mouse erythrocytes activated only human serum, whereas rabbit erythrocytes activated the sera of all three species. Based on the observation that rabbit erythrocytes activate the murine alternative C pathway a method for estimation of alternative C pathway activity (AP50 value) in mouse serum was devised analogous to that used for human AP50 determination. The method is not very sensitive to ageing or to batch variation of the indicator cells. The AP50 value of mouse serum measured by this method is of the same order as for human and guinea pig serum. Mouse serum AP50 activity is partly determined by natural anti-rabbit erythrocyte antibodies and is sensitive to heating (15' at 48 degrees C and 4' at 56 degrees C), and to the actions of cobra venom factor, zymosan and cysteine. Strain and sex differences with respect to AP50 activities of mouse sera were observed. PMID- 7204995 TI - The filter technique for measuring leucocyte locomotion in vitro. Comparison of three modifications. AB - Three forms of filter technique for measuring random and directional locomotion of leucocytes have been compared: (1) the conventional one filter technique of Boyden (lower surface count method); (2) the two filter system with a lower cell impermeable filter designed to count the cells at the underside of the upper filter as well as those on the lower filter (two filter count method); and (3) two filter systems counting only cells associated with the lower filter (lower filter count method). In some instances all three methods produce qualitatively similar results. In others totally different results are reproducibly obtained with identical cell preparations, media and attractants. Compared to the two filter count method, the lower surface count method and the lower filter count method are not sufficiently reliable. The discrepancies are partly due to errors in measuring the response. They are caused by variable cell adhesion to the filters resulting in a varying distribution of cells between the upper and lower filter and/or detachment of neutrophils from the upper filter. Some of the discrepancies are not due to errors in assessing the response, but to differences in gradient formation and drift of chemokinetic and chemotactic materials from one compartment to the other. PMID- 7204996 TI - A semi-automated rapid and sensitive microcytotoxicity assay for antibody mediated cytolysis. AB - This technique used a Coulter counter to enumerate the target cells remaining after partial lysis with antibody and complement, followed by the destruction of the lysed cells with pronase. Results obtained by this method are compared with those from conventional dye exclusion tests where the final enzymatic step is omitted. Comparisons were made with an anti-Thy-1.2 serum, a monoclonal anti-Thy 1.2 preparation and an anti-H-2k serum. In all cases the semi-automated test gave better results than the dye exclusion test and proved to be highly sensitive and reproducible. PMID- 7204999 TI - A simple technique for simultaneous human leukocytes separation. AB - By centrifuging heparinised human blood through a discontinuous Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient, it is possible to separate simultaneously mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils. PMID- 7204997 TI - The effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on IgM and IgG antibody activity. AB - The effect of reduction by 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) on antibody activity was studied in antisera with high and low IgG concentrations. Sera obtained from B10.LP nu/nu mice during a primary response against a rat PVG/c skin graft contained only 2-ME sensitive antibodies. However, when analyzed on sucrose gradients, IgG as well as IgM antibody activity was present. After raising the low serum IgG concentration (0.3-0.7 mg/ml) of these sera by addition of normal mouse serum (5.1 mg IgG/ml), 2-ME resistant antibodies became detectable. Hyperimmune C57BL6 anti PVG/c lymphocyte serum with a high IgG concentration (20.2 mg/ml) and antibody activity predominantly located in the IgG class was not affected by 2-ME treatment. These data show that IgG antibodies, although less susceptible to reduction than IgM antibodies, are not resistant to this treatment. At high IgG concentrations the proportion of inactivated IgG with specific antibody activity will be negligible but at low IgG concentrations the use of this method leads to serious underestimation of IgG antibody activity. PMID- 7204998 TI - A teflon culture and embedding device for the study of cells by light and electron microscopy. AB - A method is described which permits continuous light microscopic observation of cell cultures under sterile conditions. Moreover, cells or groups of cells selected in such cultures may be processed for electron microscopy, without disturbance of possible cellular interactions, in such a way that these selected cells may be observed in the electron microscope. The method is based on the use of a transparent Teflon film in culture chambers. PMID- 7205000 TI - Chemotactic factor concentration gradients in chemotaxis assay systems. AB - In most assays of chemotaxis the gradient of the chemotactic factor is established and later destroyed by its diffusion through some matrix. The characteristics of the gradient depend upon the geometry of the assay system, the diffusion coefficient of the chemotactic factor and the concentration of the chemotactic factor added. We have solved the diffusion equations to characterize the gradients present in 3 assays of chemotaxis in current use: the millipore, under-agarose and visual assay systems. In each case of the solutions are presented for various assay times and for chemotactic factors with various diffusion coefficients. PMID- 7205001 TI - A requirement for native (undenatured) IgG for detection of species specificity of the IgG-Fc receptor on lymphocytes. AB - The species specificity of the Fc receptor involved in binding of preformed antibody-antigen complexes was examined using complexes of deaggregated 7S antibodies and albumin antigens. Complexes prepared with mouse antibodies bound to 3-4 times as many cells as complexes prepared with rabbit, guinea pig, or goat antibodies. Using lymphocytes from each species, it was shown that homologous complexes consistently labeled a higher frequency of cells than heterologous complexes. The binding of heterologous complexes seemed to be generally restricted to monocytic populations which were also capable of binding monomeric 7S immunoglobulins. It is concluded that the lymphocytic Fc receptor for antigen complexed 7S immunoglobulin displays strict species specificity. Heat aggregation of the heterologous immunoglobulins eliminated the species restriction on their binding to the lymphocytic Fc receptor. It is therefore suggested that artificially aggregated immunoglobulins may not be reliable probes for the specificity of the Fc receptors. PMID- 7205002 TI - Murine thymic androgen receptors. AB - Studies in mice indicate that sex hormones influence the immune system. In general females are more immunocompetent than males and the administration of androgens can suppress antibody formation in females. New Zealand Black (NZB) mice manifest a lack of sex difference in the production of certain autoantibodies and the failure of androgen administration to suppress these antibody levels. To further analyze this phenomenon, androgen receptors were studies in the thymus of NZB and a non-autoimmune strain (C57Bl/6). Specific thymic androgen receptors were found in both NZB and C57Bl/6 mice. The dissociation constant and concentration of specific dihydrotestosterone receptors was determined in thymic cytosol by Scatchard plot analysis. There were no substantial differences in the binding parameters between sexes and between strains. In conclusion, both autoimmune and control strains have similar high affinity thymic androgen receptors. Therefore, the immune androgen insensitivity observed in NZB mice is not the result of a lack of high affinity thymic androgen receptors. PMID- 7205003 TI - Characteristics of adrenergic binding sites associated with murine lymphocytes isolated from spleen. AB - Beta-adrenergic binding sites have been identified and characterized on murine lymphocytes. The binding sites are of two distinct classes, a high affinity class which has an apparent dissociation constant of about 1 x 10(-9)M and numbers about 500 sites per cell, and a higher capacity binding class that appears to be more characteristic of a non-specific binding site. The binding of a beta adrenergic radioligand at concentrations about equal to the Kd (dissociation constant) for the high affinity site can be competed for with classical adrenergic ligands, is reversible and does not display cooperative interactions. PMID- 7205004 TI - The effect of levamisole in experimental murine amyloidosis. AB - In casein-induced murine amyloidosis various lines of investigation have implicated immunodeficiency as playing a role in amyloid formation. In this study, the immunopotentiating agent levamisole failed to prevent amyloidogenesis or to accelerate resolution of preformed amyloid deposits in the mouse model. The serum precursor of amyloid, serum amyloid protein A (SAA), was increased by levamisole in both normal and amyloidotic mice. PMID- 7205005 TI - Articular involvement in nutritional osteomalacia. PMID- 7205006 TI - Breast cancer. PMID- 7205007 TI - Parkinson'disease (a clinicophysiological approach). PMID- 7205009 TI - The cervical pillow. PMID- 7205010 TI - Concurrent bulbar and postbulbar duodenal ulcers. PMID- 7205008 TI - Accidents in agriculture. PMID- 7205011 TI - Objective measurement of hyperactivity in children. PMID- 7205012 TI - Complications of therapeutic radiation. PMID- 7205013 TI - Surgical management of thoracoabdominal and suprarenal aneurysms. PMID- 7205014 TI - [Urinary lithiasis in the child (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a series of 130 children suffering from urinary lithiasis (essentially between the age of 4 to 6 years) and particularly in boys (2.5 to 1). There were 108 cases of reno-ureteric lithiasis as against 23 vesico urethral. In 69 cases, pyelocalyceal lithiasis predominated. Thirty per cent of the children had bilateral lithiasis, and 19% of all cases of lithiasis were staghorn calculi. Presenting symptoms : haematuria, diffuse abdominal pain, anuria (6 cases), complete urinary retention (5 cases). Study of these cases failed to indicate whether obstruction of the upper urinary tract (14%) or infection (27%) was the cause or the effect of the lithiasis. Particularly notable were 8 cases of cystinuria (6%), 1 of glycinuria, 1 of hyperoxaluria and 7 of hypercalciuria. At least in Spain, lithiasis in children would appear to be essentially idiopathic. However, 40% of these cases of lithiasis were secondary to obstruction of the excretory tract and/or urinary infection. All types of entero-uroplasty were lithogenic (6 cases). 32% of the children had a proteus infection. Treatment : 14 children were treated medically as against 125 surgically. 70% are free of any recurrence. 7% have a residual lithiasis. The rarity of recurrences and the quality of the results obtained indicate that complete surgical treatment represents the essential feature of the treatment of urinary lithiasis in children. PMID- 7205015 TI - [Paraganglioma of the organs of Zuckerkandl. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - Endocrine manifestations were absent in a patient presenting with pain in the left peri-umbilical region from a paraganglioma of the organs of Zuckerkandl. The authors describe the embryology of paragangliomas and review the published literature concerning the noradrenaline-secreting forms of these tumors. Only 86 references to those of Zuckerkandl, situated on the side of the aorta in relation to the inferior mesenteric artery, were found. Diagnosis of non-secreting forms is confirmed by arteriography which in this present case demonstrated three pedicles arising from the inferior mesenteric, celiac, and one of the lumbar arteries respectively. The only evidence of malignancy is the presence of metastases. Their diagnosis is therefore difficult but essential as one-third of the localisations of malignant pheochromocytomas (10 p. cent of pheochromocytomas) outside of the adrenals affect the organs of Zuckerkandl. PMID- 7205016 TI - [Congenital recto-urethral fistula. Report of one case without associated anorectal malformation (author's transl)]. AB - Report of a case of congenital recto-urethral fistula in a man presenting with sterility. Cure of the fistula after a trans-anal sphincter and trans-anorectal approach of York-Mason without temporary colostomy. PMID- 7205017 TI - [Cytological and histological studies on the fossa navicularis of the human masculine urethra (author's transl)]. AB - These studies concern the topographic distribution of epithelia along the first 10 millimeters of the urethra after the meatus. The results are obtained by microscopical examination of 100 smears of this area and of histological sections of 5 urethral specimens removed at routine autopsy examination. The cells of 2 epithelia -- nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium and stratified columnar epithelium -- are common on urethral smears; the other epithelial cells (metaplastic squamous cells, mucosal cells, anucleated cells) are less frequent or exceptional. On 91 smears of volunteers, 16 smears have no columnar cells and the other 75 smears have percentages of whole columnar cells going from 1 to 96,5% of whole epithelial cells. The number of clusters of each epithelium is very few. Microscopical examination of histological sections reveals the presence : (a) of nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium with/without leucokeratosis in 3 cases; (b) of squamous and columnar epithelia with areas of metaplastic squamous epithelium for the other 2 specimens. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 7205018 TI - [Uretero-uterine fistula after caesarian section. A report on one case (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a new case of uretero-uterine fistula and on this basis review the 9 other publications devoted to this subject since 1971. In their own case, the diagnosis was based upon the clinical picture only : permanent flow of urine through the uterine cervix with persistence of normal micturation and left lumbar pain following a caesarian section. Uretero-pyelo-calyceal distension proximal to a low pelvic ureteric stenosis visible by IVU was confirmed by RUP which succeeded in opacifying only the final 3 cm of the ureter. Only peroperative opacification of the ureter showed the fistula tract with the uterus. This was successfully treated by uretero-vesical reimplantation into a psoas bladder. Review of the literature revealed the following points : --The ureter is damaged by blind haemostasis of bleeding at the lateral angle of the hysterotomy, most often on the left, as a result of dextrorotation. --Clinical features consist of the urinary fistula, pain and infectious complications with upper urinary excretory tract obstruction. --The ureteric lesion is situated very low down, between 2 and 4 cm above the ureteric meatus. --Uretero-vesical reimplantation into a tubular vesical flap or a psoas bladder ensures treatment when the kidney remains functional. --The prevention of such lesions may be summarised very briefly : beware of the ureter at the lateral angles of hysterotomy for caesarian section. PMID- 7205019 TI - [Thoracic ectopic kidney (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of a case of thoracic ectopic kidney, discovered following trauma and diagnosed at laparotomy (since it was confused with rupture of the left diaphragm) the authors review certain data concerning this rare malformation (150 published cases). --The site of origin of the renal artery may be used to distinguish on the one hand between true intra renal ectopic kidney with the renal artery arising from the aorta and secondly trans-diaphragmatic herniation of a kidney with a kidney with a normal vascular pedicle through a hernia, most often congenital, and equally often right as left. --Clinically, at the time of a routine examination or following trauma, chest X-ray reveals an opacity at the base of the thorax, the low and posterior topography of which is suggestive of the diagnosis and and IVP is then indicated. In the absence of violent trauma, the diagnosis of traumatic hernia is eliminated. The distinction between true ectopic kidney and congenital trans-diaphragmatic hernia becomes a false problem since there is no need for treatment in either case. PMID- 7205020 TI - [Sickle cell priapism. Therapeutic considerations in the light of 23 cases (author's transl)]. AB - In Zaire, homozygote sickle cell disease affects 2% of the population and the heterozygote form 1 subject in 10. In that country, this disorder is the most common cause of priapism. The authors report 23 cases of sickle cell priapism seen over a period of 15 years : 14 cases of homozygote sickel disease and 9 cases of heterozygote sickle disease. Since 1972, all cases of priapism in homozygote sickle disease have been treated with transfusions of concentrated erythrocytes and of hyperosmolar sodium lactate (M6). In heterozygotes, the preferred treatment remains spheno-cavernous anastomosis, which does not cause impotence. In 12 homozygote cases treated by transfusion and alkalinisation, there was only one failure and 11 successes despite the long period between the onset of priapism and the start of treatment (69 hours on average). Despite the long duration of these cases of priaspism, almost all the patients retained an intact virility. PMID- 7205021 TI - [Replacement of the ureter by the appendix in the treatment of a tumour of the excretory tract of a single kidney (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of appendiculoplasty of the right ureter within the context of the course of a bilateral tumour of the excretory tract necessitating conservative surgery with a single remaining kidney. The result is good at three years. The literature is reviewed, there being 13 published cases. Of the 10 cases with a follow-up of more than 1 year, there were only 5 good results and stenosis may develop several years after the reconstructive procedure. PMID- 7205022 TI - [Multilocular cyst of the kidney (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the 67th published case of multilocular renal cyst, noting that half of the published cases concerned children. Left lumbar pain led to the discovery of a palpable mass of the lower pole of the left kidney visible at urography. At echotomography, alternation between dense and fluid areas made it possible to eliminate a solitary cyst. Renal arteriography was disturbing by virtue of the persistent slight peripheral hypervascularisation after the injection of angiotensin. Diagnostic doubt and the absence of any clearly defined limit between healthy kidney and pathological kidney led to nephrectomy. Histopathology : a thick capsule separated from the healthy kidney a series of cystic structures with no intercommunication between them, nor with the excretory system. Each cyst was lined with an endotheliform single layer epithelium with no renal tissue in the intercystic fibrous separations. The authors emphasise the difficulty of offering an opinion as to the aetiopathogenesis of this lesion which certain feel to be a dysplasia and others as a transitional form with nephroblastoma. PMID- 7205023 TI - The effects of severe thermal injury on the glycosaminoglycans of guinea pig skin. AB - The central purpose of the present investigation was the qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the glycosaminoglycans of guinea pig skin at 2 hr after a third-degree burn injury. The data obtained from uronic acid determinations, fractionation by column chromatography and cellulose acetate electrophoresis indicate no significant alterations in the glycosaminoglycans at 2 hr postburn. The data presented in this study support the concept that the glycosaminoglycans are not immediately damaged by the heat of the burn. PMID- 7205024 TI - Effects of 4-tertiary butyl catechol on melanocytes of hairless mice. AB - Depigmentary effects of 4-tertiary butyl catechol (TBC) on UV-stimulated melanocytes on the flanks and naturally active melanocytes of ears were compared in Uscd strain hairless mice. UVB irradiation, twice a week for 1 or 2 mo, induced brown-black pigmentation on the flanks. A 1 M TBC application twice a week for 1 mo not only prevented the UV-stimulated pigmentation, but also promoted fading of the post-UV tanning. Dopa-stained split epidermal sheets showed a decrease in the number of melanocytes to less than one-half during the first month of TBC treatment. Melanocytes were often enlarged or lost their dendrites, and both premelanosomes and melanosomes showed ultrastructural changes. However, TBC application on the ears for 1 mo showed neither color change nor a decrease in the number of melanocytes. There were ultrastructural changes in melanocytes but the degree of abnormality was much less than those seen in UV-stimulated melanocytes. Continuation of TBC application for 2 mo with the UV irradiation on the flanks or the nonirradiated ears caused an increase in the number of melanocytes. These results suggest that the initial effect of TBC may be primarily cytotoxicity to melanocytes, and may correlate with their cellular functions. The stimulatory effects of TBC on melanocytes seen during the longer period of time requires further investigation. PMID- 7205025 TI - The effect of various sunscreen agents on skin damage and the induction of tumor susceptibility in mice subjected to ultraviolet irradiation. AB - Sunscreen preparations containing various chemical UV absorbers, para aminobenzoic acid (PABA), 2 PABA derivatives, benzophenone or a combination of these were topically applied to the backs of C3H/HeN mice prior to their being irradiated with ultraviolet light in the UVB range. In all cases this treatment was effective in preventing the pathological skin changes associated with UVB irradiation. Histological evaluation of skin biopsies from mice treated with the sunscreen preparations and UVB irradiation showed little or no difference from normals in amount of hyperplasia, melanization or parakeratosis present. These histologic changes were observed in animals receiving UVB irradation in the absence of any sunscreen agent. Pretreatment with the various sunscreen agents did not, however, prevent the induction of tumor susceptibility as measured by the sustained growth of a UV-induced tumor which is immunologically rejected in normal syngeneic mice. These data show a clear distinction between the effects of UVB irradiation leading to histological changes in the epidermis and those leading to the state of tumor susceptibility in mice. The distinction was further corroborated by the finding that epidermal hyperplasia induced by repeated applications of croton oil had no significant enhancing or inducing effects on the induction of tumor susceptibility. In addition, the induction of tumor susceptibility. In addition, the induction of tumor susceptiblity is not due to wavelengths of light less than 320 nm since this effect was abrogated when the UVB radiation was filtered through glass. Possible mechanistic differences between the tumor susceptiblity generated in UVB and photoprotected UVB irradiated animals were observed, however, when we attempted to adoptively transfer the state of tumor susceptibility to normal animals. While it was readily transferable with splenic lymphoid cells from UVB irradiated animals, all attempts to transfer the tumor susceptibility from photoprotected animals have, to date, been unsuccessful. PMID- 7205026 TI - Distribution of 3H-8-MOP and its metabolites in rat organs after a single oral administration. AB - Concentrations of 3H-8-methoxypsoralen (MOP), its lipid- and water soluble metabolites and tritiated water have been measured in rat serum, liver, kidney, and skin, using liquid scintillation, thin-layer chromatography and other techniques. Radioactivity in whole blood, plasma, ovary, adrenals, and pancreas has also been measured. The radioactivity has been measured up to 1 week after medication, whilst 3H-8-MOP and metabolite concentrations have been measured from 10 min to 24 hr after medication with a single dose of 1 mg 3H-8-MOP in solution/kg bodyweight. Maximum 8-MOP concentrations were seen from 10 to 30 min after dosing. The concentrations in microgram/kg 10 min, 2 hr, and 24 hr after medication were as follows: serum--686, 57, 2.1; liver--489, 45, 3.3; kidney- 1708, 139, 4.3; and skin--55, 16, 3.8. The concentrations of water soluble metabolites were very high in the liver and only slightly lower in the kidney. The concentrations of these metabolites might accumulate after doses repeated 4 times a week. 3H-8-MOP and its other metabolites would not show similar accumulation. Most of the radioactivity present after 1 week is due to tritiated water. PMID- 7205027 TI - Decreased UV-induced DNA repair synthesis in peripheral leukocytes from patients with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. AB - The UV-induced DNA repair synthesis in peripheral leukocytes from 7 patients with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome was compared to that in peripheral leukocytes from 5 patients with basal cell carcinomas and 39 healthy subjects. A dose response curve was established for each individual, and maximum DNA repair synthesis was used as a measure of the capacity for DNA repair. The patients with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome had about 25% lower level of maximum DNA repair synthesis as compared to the patients with basal cell carcinomas and control individuals. The possibility that DNA repair mechanisms may be involved in the etiology to the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is discussed. PMID- 7205028 TI - Neutrophil leukocyte migration in psoriasis vulgaris. AB - Neutrophil migration in patients with psoriasis vulgaris was assessed using both in vitro and in vivo techniques. In vitro chemotaxis towards endotoxin-activated serum and casein was found to be normal; however, random filter migration was increased in patients with extensive lesions. No significant difference was observed between the effects of psoriatic and normal serum on control leukocyte in vitro migration. In vivo skin window chamber random migration and chemotaxis towards 50% autologous serum were also found to be normal in uninvolved skin, regardless of disease severity. We have not been able to confirm previous reports of abnormal leukocyte chemotaxis in psoriasis, and submit that neutrophil migration into psoriatic plaques in vivo is the result of a local accumulation of chemotactic factors rather than of enhanced leukocyte chemotactic activity. PMID- 7205029 TI - The role of epidermal cells in the induction and suppression of contact sensitivity. AB - Haptens, such as trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB), bind to autologous skin proteins in the induction of allergic content sensitivity. In order to clarify the role of epidermal cells in the induction of allergic contact sensitivity in vivo, we used trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS)-conjugated epidermal cells (TNP-EC) in attempts to sensitize syngeneic mice. Spleen cells conjugated with TNBS (TNP-SC) were used for comparison. Four to 28 days after injection (via various routes) of the haptenated cells, contact sensitivity was assessed by the application of the same hepaten to the ear. Sensitization regularly resulted from the subcutaneous infection of TNP-conjugated cells, and was longer lasting and was always stronger when TNP-EC were used rather than when TNP-SC were used. Neither TNP-EC nor TNP SC injected intravenously resulted in allergic contact sensitivity, but both induced immunological hypo or unresponsiveness as assessed by subsequent painting with a sensitizing dose of TNCB. TNP-pvSC given intraperitoneally also did not sensitize and induced hyporesponsiveness which was in sharp contrast to the regular sensitization which resulted when TNP-EC were given intraperitoneally. Both similarities and differences in the abilities of haptenated epidermal cells and spleen cells to induce sensitization and tolerance are described and the results are discussed in relation to the role of antigen-presenting cells contained in the haptenated cell populations. PMID- 7205030 TI - Biochemical and ultrastructural demonstration of elastin accumulation in the skin lesions of the Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome. AB - The Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome is an association of cutaneous lesions, dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata, with osteopoikilosis. This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. In order to clarify the biochemical nature of the skin lesions, we have examined 12 patients with the Buschke Ollendorf syndrome, representing 2 unrelated kindreds. Histologically, the lesions were characterized by excessive amounts of unusually broad, interlacing elastic fibers in the dermis. Digestion of skin secretions with pancreatic elastase completely removed these fibers. Electron microscopy of the dermis further revealed markedly branched elastic fibers without fragmentation. The accumulation of elastin in the skin was also demonstrated by measurements of desmosine employing a radioimmunoassay. The desmosine content of the skin lesions increased 3- to 7-fold when compared to the skin either from healthy controls or from uninvolved skin adjacent to a lesion. The results indicate that the skin lesions of the Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome are connective tissue nevi of the elastin type. Cell cultures from these patients may provide a convenient model to study the control mechanisms involved in elastin metabolism. PMID- 7205031 TI - Percutaneous transport in relation to stratum corneum structure and lipid composition. AB - Despite the acknowledged importance of the stratum corneum in limiting water loss and in controlling skin permeability, the basis for these functions remains unknown. To pinpoint those factor(s) of importance for cutaneous barrier function, we correlated the thickness, number of cell layers, and lipid composition of leg vs. abdominal stratum corneum samples with penetration of 3H water and 14C-salicylic acid across the same tissue sample. Viable upper epidermal sheets were obtained by incubating fresh autopsy or amputation full thickness skin with staphylococcal exfoliatin. Each sheet was divided into 3 portions. The first piece was mounted in a diffusion cell for penetration studies. The second stratum corneum sample was frozen sectioned, stained with the fluorochrome, ANS, and measured with a micrometer eyepiece. The 3rd piece was pooled with other leg (n = 6) and abdomen (n = 15) specimens for determination of lipid weight percent. In all cases, leg stratum corneum was congruent to 2 times more permeable than abdominal stratum corneum to water and slightly more permeable to salicylic acid, as well. Penetration of both substances correlated inversely with lipid weight % of leg (mean = 3.0%) vs. abdomen (mean = 6.8%), but neither the penetration of water nor of salicylic acid was influenced by the number of cell layers or the thickness of the stratum corneum. We conclude that: differences in the thickness and the number of cell layers in the stratum corneum are insufficient to account for differences in percutaneous transport across leg and abdomen, and that total lipid concentration may be the critical factor governing skin permeability. PMID- 7205032 TI - Fractures of the scaphoid: important but easily missed injuries. PMID- 7205033 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in general surgery: a medical opinion. PMID- 7205034 TI - [Radiology of normal cervical spine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205035 TI - [Familial incidence in idiopathic scoliosis (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty families with 101 of their members suffering from idiopathic scoliosis are presented. Twenty-one families were traced to 3rd degree relatives. Historical and clinical examinations were performed in all cases. In 36 patients from 18 families, HLA-A and B loci were measured, and equilibrium function was measured in 93 patients from 20 families. No significant differences were noted between the members of the 50 families studied and a previously studied control group of patients with idiopathic scoliosis with respect to age of the presentation, past history, somatic development, initial curvature and type, and response to treatment. The 21 families in whom 3rd degree relatives were traced did not show any features of a simple Mendelian inheritance. Within 39 families, however, each scoliotic member had the same type of the curve. The study of HLA-A and B loci and equilibrium dysfunction (11 cases in 93 studied, 11.8%) failed to demonstrate a familial pattern. It is concluded that the evidence presented supports the concept of a multifactorial inheritance in 50 families with 101 scoliotic members. PMID- 7205036 TI - [Electron microscopic study on giant cell tumor of bone, based upon the development of bone in human embryo (author's transl)]. AB - Many reports have been published about giant cell tumor of bone since its initial description in 1818 by Cooper. No theory on its histogenesis has nevertheless been unanimously admitted. The purpose of this paper is to make systemic investigation of differentiation process of osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast with spines of 23 human embryos mainly by means of electron microscopic observation and to compare the above results with constituent cells of giant cell tumor of bone, thus to clarify the histogenesis of the latter cells. Results. Enchondral ossification of a vertebral body takes place initially in the upper lumber spines at the beginning of the fourth embryonal month and gradually spreads cranial- and caudalwards. Almost simultaneously blood vessels accompanied by undifferentiated mesenchymal cells around them invade into the vertebral body toward ossification center. These mesenchymal cells differentiate finally into osteocytes passing through the stages of undifferentiated polygonal cell, preosteoblast, and osteoblast. Meanwhile osteoclasts appear approximately when primary marrow cavity is formed. Histogenesis of osteoclast is considered to be morphologically quite different from osteoblast, rather as being derived from macrophage or its precursor cell. The author classified stromal cells of giant cell tumor of bone into three types, of which the type 3 is similar to a giant cell and the latter to an osteoclast. From this reason, giant cell tumor of bone does not appear to be derived from osteoblast or osteocyte, but from macrophage or its precursor cell. PMID- 7205037 TI - [Intra-articular fractures]. PMID- 7205038 TI - [Screening of scoliosis among school children and the role of orthopedic surgeons]. PMID- 7205039 TI - [Experimental and clinical study of safe prolongation of tourniquet time by hypothermia of an upper limb (author's transl)]. AB - In order to establish a practical method by which the tourniquet can be safely kept on for more than 2 hours, i.e., the safe limit in the conventional method, the author initially made an experimental and then a clinical investigation as follows. EXPERIMENT: Thirty-five adult mongrel dogs were used including a control group. One hour immersion of hind limb in ice water lowers the temperature of leg muscles from ca. 38 degrees C to 16 degrees--18 decrees C. Thereafter, maintenance of tourniquet exsanguination of the cooled hind limb for 5 hours elevates the muscle temperature several degrees, but still keeps it much lower than in the control group. Edema and limping appeared after release of the tourniquet and subsided much faster in the cooled group than in the control group. Result in 12 CASES: Cooling of an upper limb after general anesthesia or nerve block with ice bags for 30 minutes lowers the temperature of the forearm muscles from 30 degrees--35 degrees C to 16 degrees--25 degrees C. Tourniquet applied thereafter at the upper arm was kept inflated maximally for four hours and 7 minutes. An average of 3 hours and 30 minutes did not cause any serious side effects but only temporary dysesthesia at the finger tips in 2 cases and a Tinel's sign at the site where tourniquet was applied in one case. CONCLUSION: These results proved that tourniquet time could be safely prolonged for 4 hours. The most important problem in the future is to clarify how far it can be safely prolonged. PMID- 7205040 TI - [Two dimensional analysis of floor reaction force in normal gait (author's transl)]. AB - In order to estimate the gait with force plate, two dimensional analysis with Lisajou's figure composed of two of the three components of floor reaction force was attempted. In normal gait, sagittal component (alpha-diagram) appears as an inverted heart pattern, frontal component (beta-diagram) as a S-shaped pattern and horizontal component (gamma-diagram) as a Gourd-shaped pattern. The most important external force which acts on the body during progression is the sagittal component of floor reaction force, so that the author used the alpha diagram which was composed of vertical and fore and aft forces for the purpose of gait analysis in normal adults. This study was conducted on 100 normal adults, 50 males and 50 females ranging in age from eighteen to thirty-five years. alpha diagram was classified into 6 types in males and 5 types in females based on the shape of alpha-diagram and discriminant functions and there were some difference depending on the individual, sex and side was noted. Male differed from female mostly during the heel strike phase. Propulsion forces of dominant side was smaller than that of the other side. PMID- 7205041 TI - [The effect of 1 alpha-OH-D3 on the process of fracture healing (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this paper is to clarify the effect of 1 alpha-OH-D3 on the bone metabolism through fracture healing. Rats were fractured on the middle of femur and were given 1 alpha-OH-D3 every day. The relationship between biochemical and histological changes were studied through the process of fracture healing associated with remarkable remodeling. The results are summarized as follows: 1. As soon as serum Ca levels decreased temporarily after fracture, a increase of serum iP.T.H. levels occurred with the histological change such as a bone resorption. The secretion of P.T.H. is probably suppressed by 1 alpha-OH-D3 with subsequent increase of the resorption of bone tissue. 2. Following the increase of serum Ca levels, the decrease of serum iP.T.H. levels were observed, accompanied by the histological changes of bone formation. These changes were seen earlier in the 1 alpha-OH-D3 group than in the controlled group. 3. Bone formation in the 1 alpha-OH-D3 group could be seen at the same area at which the bone resorption had occurred before. 1 alpha-OH-D3 could promote osteocytic, osteoclastic osteolysis and also bone formation, activating basic multicellular units (B.M.U.). 4. Some difference was found in the uniting callus formation between 1 alpha-OH-D3 group and the controlled group. 5. In conclusion, administration of 1 alpha-OH-D3 during fracture healing is useful in stimulating direct callus formation from cortex. PMID- 7205043 TI - [Roentgenological measurement of the shape of the osteoarthritic ankle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205042 TI - [A kinesiologic study on the slow stiff opening of the fingers in cervical cord lesions--particularly in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205044 TI - [Management of congenital torticollis]. PMID- 7205045 TI - [Diagnosis and management of thoracic outlet syndrome]. PMID- 7205046 TI - [Continuous recording of direct arterial pressure in unrestricted patients and changes in plasma catecholamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205047 TI - [Report of a case with huge, fluctuant leiomyosarcoma possibly originated from the great omentum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205048 TI - [A case of chronic relapsing febrile nodular panniculitis (Weber-Christian disease) associated with pituitary dysfunction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205050 TI - Head/neck carcinoma: the use of radiation therapy. PMID- 7205051 TI - Determinants of survival in coronary artery disease. PMID- 7205049 TI - [Generalized amyloidosis: increased aluminum in CNS and other organ tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205052 TI - Hemophilia in Louisiana. PMID- 7205053 TI - Monocular aphakia: which patient for extended wear soft contact lenses and which patient for intraocular lenses. PMID- 7205054 TI - Opinions of physicians concerning possible etiologies of cerebral palsy. PMID- 7205055 TI - Case report: ultrasonic and angiographic demonstration of a displaced renal by metastatic deposits. PMID- 7205056 TI - Intestinal absorption of vitamins A, E, D, and K. PMID- 7205057 TI - Plasma protein-binding parameters of prednisolone in immune disease patients receiving long-term prednisone therapy. AB - Prednisone and prednisolone bind in plasma to albumin and transcortin. In am attempt to determine whether prednisone side effects and/or type of disease correlated with prednisolone plasma protein binding, multiple plasma samples from 17 patients (three asthma, eight SLE, three RA, two PSS, one PAN) receiving long term prednisone therapy were monitored during an interval between two prednisone doses. Prednisolone plasma protein binding was nonlinear and exhibited large intrapatient and interpatient variability. For the group, mean association constants of the prednisolone-albumin complex and the prednisolone-transcortin complex were 2.3 X 10(3) M-1 and 2.9 X 10(7) M-1, with coefficients of variation of 82% and 127%, respectively. SLE patients tended to have lower mean prednisolone association constants for albumin and transcortin than did other patients. The presence of corticosteroid side effects did not correlate with prednisolone plasma protein-binding parameters. The wide range of prednisolone free fraction noted in plasma from patients who achieved comparable total prednisolone plasma concentrations implies that administration of a uniform prednisone dose will not lead to a predictable clinical response. PMID- 7205058 TI - Plasma cholesterol esterification rate in type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Relation to bile acid kinetics and triglyceride metabolism. AB - The LCAT rate, VLDL triglyceride turnover, and bile acid kinetics were determined under standardized conditions in 10 patients with primary type IV HLP. Bile acid and plasma VLDL triglyceride kinetics were determined with the aid of [14C] labeled cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid and [3H]glycerol, respectively. The LCAT rate was simultaneously determined in fasting-state plasma. The mean values of total bile acid formation (21.2 +/- 2.6 mumol kg-1 day-1), apparent VLDL triglyceride production (19.6 +/- 2.0 mumol kg-1 hr-1), and LCAT rate (6.0 +/- 0.6 mumol kg-1 hr-1) exceeded those reported previously for healthy controls. Plasma LCAT rate correlated positively with bile acid synthesis (R = 0.85, p less than 0.01) and with apparent plasma VLDL triglyceride production (R = 0.75, p less than 0.02). The results suggest that parallel disturbances in the regulation of cholesterol, bile acid, and lipoprotein metabolism occur in some patients with type IV HLP. PMID- 7205060 TI - Effect of truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty on hepatic bile composition in the rhesus monkey. AB - Changes in gallbladder motility and alteration of bile composition have been implicated in the formation of gallstones after truncal vagotomy. Hepatic bile composition was found to be unchanged after truncal vagotomy with Heineke Mikulicz pyloroplasty in our long-term study. . The data suggest that the alleged increase in the incidence of cholelithiasis after vagotomy and pyloroplasty can be isolated from an effect on the liver. These results may have implications for the preferred course of surgical intervention in certain patients. PMID- 7205059 TI - Comparison of radioimmunoassay and indirect hemagglutination for quantitation of antipneumococcal antibodies. AB - The RIA and IHA methods to quantitate antipneumococcal antibodies of six capsular types (3, 6A, 8, 12F, 14, and 18C) were compared in 30 paired sera 1 month after pneumococcal immunization. Correlation coefficients for titers were significantly different from zero (p less than 0.001) for all types except 14 and ranged from 0.86 for type 3 to 0.45 for type 18C. In sera that showed a twofold or greater rise by RIA, 50% to 83% showed a fourfold or greater rise by IHA, depending on the capsular type. Conversely, in those sera showing an IHA rise of fourfold or more, 79% to 100% showed an RIA rise of twofold or more. IHA titers correlating with RIA titers greater than or equal to 200 ng AbN/ml varied from 1:16 for type 18C to 1:64 for types 3, 8, and 12F. PMID- 7205062 TI - Improved method for the measurement of cimetidine in human serum by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - An improved method for the measurement of cimetidine in human serum by reverse phase HPLC has been developed. The assay involves the addition of the following to 1.0 ml serum: 5 ml of ethyl acetate/isopropanol (96:4 by volume); 0.1 ml of 5N NaOH; and 0.1 ml of the internal standard, N-cyano-N'-methyl-N"-[3-(4 imidazolyl)propyl]-guanidine, which is a close structural analog of cimetidine. The extracted cimetidine is quantitated with high-pressure liquid chromatograph containing a reverse-phase column and a variable-wavelength UV detector (228 nm). The mobile phase consists of methanol in 5 mM K2HPO4 (adjusted to pH 2.8) as a 10:90 mixture by volume. At a flow rate of 2 ml/min, the retention times for the internal standard and cimetidine are 2.8 and 6.2 min, respectively. The standard curve for cimetidine is linear from 0.1 at least 4.0 micrograms/ml in serum. The CV of this assay for cimetidine, obtained from analysis of six replicate samples of a 1.0 microgram/ml serum pool, is 2%. The CV of this method obtained from the daily analysis (N = 12) of the 1.0 microgram/ml cimetidine standard, is 3%, and that from the 0.5 microgram/ml standard is 5%. Cimetidine was found to be stable in refrigerated or frozen serum for 1 month and in whole blood for 24 hr either at room temperature or refrigerated. In the serum from 13 patients receiving cimetidine therapy, the trough cimetidine levels varied from less than 0.1 to 2.7 mg/ml. PMID- 7205061 TI - Serum molybdenum in diseases of the liver and biliary system. AB - We determined the serum molybdenum concentration by neutron activation analysis in apparently healthy subjects and in patients with diseases of the liver and biliary system. The level was found to be markedly elevated in the initial phase of acute viral hepatitis (mean +/- S.D. 3.10 +/- 1.46 ng/ml vs. 0.55 +/- 0.21 in controls) and to return to normal during convalescence, in parallel with the liver function tests. The most significant correlations were found between the serum molybdenum concentration and the serum levels of GOT ( r = 0.710, p less than 0.001) and GPT (r = 0.683, p less than 0.001). Besides, the serum molybdenum level (mean +/- S.D.) was observed to be definitely increased in patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis (0.97 +/- 0.49 ng/ml), HBsAg-positive liver cirrhosis (1.01 +/- 0.50), alcoholic liver disease (1.32 +/- 0.56), liver metastases (1.40 +/-0.39), gallstones (1.28 +/- 0.38), tumors of the gallbladder or extrahepatic bile ducts (1.64 +/- 0.44), and carcinoma of the head of the pancreas (1.61 +/- 0.91). Finally, the serum molybdenum level was found to be raised in two patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and in two out of four patients with drug-induced liver injury. The etiologic mechanism and the clinical importance of the observed abnormality remain to be established. Our study enlarges the existing information concerning the disorders of trace element metabolism in liver diseases. PMID- 7205063 TI - Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther's disease): enzymatic studies on two cases of late onset. AB - Cosynthetase was measured in hemolysates of two patients with CEP that appeared in adulthood. The level of cosynthetase activity was found to be very low (mean 18% of normal), ruling out the hypothesis of heterozygous cases. Several obligatory heterozygous carrier were also studied in whom cosynthetase activity was found to be intermediate (mean 46.66% of normal) between the levels of normal controls and homozygous patients whereas PBG deaminase was always normal. The nature of the metabolic abnormality is undoubtedly a primary defect of the cosynthetase activity; some cases of late onset emphasize the heterogeneity of the disease. PMID- 7205064 TI - Different cross-reacting circulating immune complexes in Behcet's syndrome and recurrent oral ulcers. AB - Circulating immune complexes were isolated by 2% polyethylene glycol precipitation from the sera of 15 out of 37 patients with Behcet's syndrome and 11 out of 23 patients with recurrent oral ulcers. The antigenic cross-reactions of the polyethylene glycol precipitates were studied by coating a plastic tube with one complex and adding another 125I-labeled complex in dissociating (acid) conditions. On neutralization, partial reassembly occurred with the complex coating the tube wall, thus indicating cross-reaction with it. In the first 30 complexes studied, the cross-reactions obtained were sorted by computer program into two mutually exclusive subsets of reactions. Two similar homologous subsets of reactions were found in the second group of 29 patients: in total, nine out of 16 ocular, four out of six herpetiform circulating immune complexes in one subset, and four out of seven neurological in the other. A wider pattern of reaction could be detected in addition, which induced most of the Behcet's syndrome and recurrent oral ulcers. Immune complexes from control sera did not cross-react. An exogenous agent could account for the circulating immune complexes' cross-reactions for the group as a whole, and two antigenic determinants of that agent or antigens from different damaged tissues explain the subsets. PMID- 7205065 TI - Subcellular localization of indium-111 in indium-111-labeled platelets. AB - Human platelets labeled with [111In]oxine have been suggested for use in platelet kinetic studies, thrombus localization, detection of atherosclerotic lesions, and other scintigraphic techniques. To demonstrate the subcellular localization of indium-111 in labeled platelets, we did subcellular fractionation and measured the amount of indium-111 localized in major platelet components. Human platelets were labeled with [111In]oxine and disrupted by nitrogen cavitation. The cellular material was fractionated on sucrose density gradients. When the subcellular fractions were analyzed, more than 70% of the indium-111 was located in the cytoplasmic pool of the platelets. Chromatography on Sephadex G-100 of aliquots of the labeled cytosol material showed that most of the indium-111 was associated with components of approximately 46,000 daltons. This demonstrated that indium 111 in human platelets labeled with [111In]oxine is located predominantly in platelet cytosol and is associated with cytoplasmic components. PMID- 7205066 TI - Mechanism of diglycine accumulation in muscle. PMID- 7205067 TI - Arterial graft infection and aortic fistulae: Maine medical experience 1974-1979. PMID- 7205068 TI - Blunt mesenteric vein trauma. PMID- 7205069 TI - Sleep apnea syndromes. PMID- 7205070 TI - What, where, how...and why HLA? PMID- 7205072 TI - Computed tomography of the spine. PMID- 7205071 TI - Radioisotopic scans: how well do they predict metastatic disease? PMID- 7205073 TI - Total knee replacement in the elderly. PMID- 7205074 TI - A mathematical model of canine granulocytopoiesis. AB - The granulocyte cell renewal system of the dog is represented by a mathematical model consisting of the following compartments: The pool of pluripotential stem cells, the committed stem cell pool, divided into a blood and a bone marrow compartment, the proliferation pool, the maturation pool, the reserve pool and the blood pool of functional granulocytes. This chain of compartments is described by a system of non-linear differential equations. Cell losses anyplace in the system provoke increased production in all pools containing cells capable to divide. A reduced number of granulocytes in the blood pool stimulates production of a "granulocyte releasing factor" which mobilizes a rising number of cells to transit from the marrow reserve into the blood pool. The model was simulated on a digital computer. It was found to be capable to reproduce the steady state conditions and it also fits the data of two distinct experimental perturbations of the system both equally well. These perturbations are a loss of proliferating cells as it occurs after the administration of cytostatic drugs and losses of functional cells as they are induced by leukapheresis experiments of differing leukapheresis rates. PMID- 7205075 TI - The effect of integral conditions in certain equations modelling epidemics and population growth. AB - Models of epidemics that lead to delay differential equations often have subsidiary integral conditions that are imposed by the interpretation of these models. The neglect of these conditions may lead to solutions that behave in a radically different manner from solutions restricted to obey them. Examples are given of such behavior, including cases where periodic solutions may occur off the natural set defined by these conditions but not on it. A complete stability analysis is also given of a new model of a disease propagated by a vector where these integral conditions play an important role. PMID- 7205076 TI - A mixed program for parasitic disease control. AB - In this paper we are concerned with the control of a parasitic disease by a permanent, time-continuous mixed program of vector reduction (reduction of the contact rate) and drug application. We shall use the model developed in [1] with two control functions: one for the reduction of the contact rate and another for the administration of drugs to the population. This model takes into account the possibility that there may by a certain fraction of the population which cannot be covered by any drug application. Optimal control policies for reduction of the contact rate and for the protected proportion of the population by drugs are derived by using Pontryagin's maximum principle. A cost-optimal strategy is deduced for the maintenance of the affected proportion of the population below a given level. Some numerical examples are computed. PMID- 7205077 TI - The library consortium -- service for community hospitals in Georgia. PMID- 7205079 TI - Jehovah's Witnesses, how can we help them? PMID- 7205078 TI - Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni in Georgia. PMID- 7205081 TI - Recommendations for phonocardiography. PMID- 7205082 TI - How often should a Pap test be done? PMID- 7205080 TI - Dealing with formal and informal requests from attorneys for production of patient records in connection with civil litigation. PMID- 7205083 TI - Professionalism and ethics in health care. PMID- 7205084 TI - Comments on "Toward a Reconstruction of Medical Morality: The Primacy of the Act of Profession and the Fact of Illness" by Dr. Edmund Pellegrino. PMID- 7205085 TI - The physician-patient relationship in preventive medicine: reply to Robert Dickman. PMID- 7205086 TI - A response to the March 1979 issue of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. PMID- 7205087 TI - Physician-investigator/patient-subject: exploring the logic and the tension. PMID- 7205089 TI - Levels of objectivity in the analysis of medicoethical decision making: a reply. PMID- 7205088 TI - Scarce medical resources and the right to refuse selection by artificial chance. PMID- 7205090 TI - Clarification of the philosophical foundations for medical ethical decision making. PMID- 7205091 TI - Natural death and moral individuality. PMID- 7205092 TI - Response to Jan H. Blits. PMID- 7205093 TI - The possibility of a normative medical ethics. PMID- 7205094 TI - What bioethics should be. PMID- 7205095 TI - The right to treatment and involuntary commitment. PMID- 7205096 TI - Mental illness and moral status. PMID- 7205097 TI - Euthanasia: is the concept really nonevaluative? PMID- 7205098 TI - A moral distinction between killing and letting die. PMID- 7205099 TI - Euthanasia and the insentient patient. PMID- 7205100 TI - Morality and the defective newborn. PMID- 7205101 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. PMID- 7205102 TI - The use of a condensation product of metacresol sulfonic acid with methanal in the treatment of cervical erosion. PMID- 7205103 TI - Iron Deficiency anaemia and endemic goitre: selective fortification for their elimination from the Thai population. PMID- 7205104 TI - Uremic infant with medullary cystic disease of kidney. PMID- 7205105 TI - Temporomandibular joint ankylosis. PMID- 7205107 TI - Intra His Purkinje gap phenomenon during retrograde conduction in man. AB - Ventricular refractory period studies were performed in 24 patients using the ventricular extrastimulus (V2) method at a basic ventricular drive (V1V1). Gap phenomenon confined to the His-Purkinje system (V-H gap) during retrograde conduction was observed in six of 24 patients. In this form of gap, the premature impulse (V2) is initially blocked in the His-Purkinje system (HPS) as recognized by the absence of retrograde His bundle deflection (H2) and atrial depolarization (A2) following V2. At closer V1V2 intervals, V2 resumed conduction to the bundle of His (H2) but not to the atria. The mechanism of this form of gap is similar to the one proposed for the previously described gap phenomena in ventriculoatrial (V-A) conduction and involves proximal delay allowing more time for distal recovery. At shorter V1V2 intervals, V2 resumes conduction to the bundle of His because it encounters sufficient delay in some region below the His bundle. However, this delay may be insufficient to allow recovery of excitability at the A-V node and hence resumption of conduction to the atria is not an integral part of V-H gap. The relation of V-H gaps to the occurrence of reentry within the HPS (V2 phenomenon) is discussed. V-H gaps also explain the failure of some ventricular premature beats (VPBs) to show the effects of concealed conduction in the A-V node. The similarities and differences between V-A and V-H gaps during retrograde conduction are discussed. PMID- 7205106 TI - Diabetic polyneuropathy with systemic moniliasis and phycomycosis. PMID- 7205108 TI - Conduction disturbances between a pacemaker electrode and the myocardium in right ventricular infarction. AB - Rate dependent first degree block, which was followed by a complete block, between a pacemaker electrode and the ventricular myocardium, was observed in a patient with inferior myocardial infarction. These conduction disturbances which occurred during pacing at the postero-basal wall of the right ventricle and not during pacing at the apex, suggested that the posterior part of the right ventricle was damaged. This hypothesis was supported by hemodynamic findings which indicated a right ventricular infarction. PMID- 7205110 TI - Anterior displacement of QRS loops. PMID- 7205109 TI - Dual septal pathways. PMID- 7205111 TI - Electrophysiological effects of lactates in mammalian ventricular tissues. AB - Effects of excessive lactates on electrophysiological parameters of Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers, excised from dog hearts, were studied by the microelectrode technique. The application of 60mM-lactic acid produced the following changes in membrane potentials in both tissues: slight depolarization of resting potentials of 7 to 8 mV; decrease in the max.dV/dt of action potentials by an average of 10% from the control value; and shortening of action potential durations as well as of effective refractory periods by 17%. These effects appeared earlier in the Purkinje fibers than in the ventricular muscle fibers. The voltage dependence, max.dV/dt, was not changed after the lactate perfusion. This pointed to the depolarization of the resting potential as a cause of the decrease in the max.dV/dt of action potentials. In the Purkinje fibers, slow diastolic depolarization became manifest after the lactate application. Excessive lactates moderately depressed the slow response activity in both tissues. The perfusion of 60 mM-Na lactate had essentially similar effects in both tissues. In the ventricular muscle fibers, the voltage clamp experiments revealed that excessive lactate decreased the slow inward current and barely affected the steady-state K current. The results indicate that excessive lactates promote conditions likely to lead to a re-entry into the ventricle and, at the same time, to enhance the ectopic impulse formations in ventricular conducting tissues. PMID- 7205112 TI - Postural changes of vectorcardiogram in defect of the left pericardium. AB - Effects of postural changes upon the vectorcardiograms (VCGs) of four cases with a defect of the left pericardium (three complete and one partial) were compared to those of 115 control cases. Changes in the direction of a given instantaneous vector brought about by postural changes were significantly larger in cases with a pericardial defect than in controls. By turning to the left lateral position, the magnitude of the maximum leftward force decreased in all cases with complete defect, and increased in the case with partial defect and in 96% of controls. These findings were considered to reflect the increased mobility of the heart in cases with pericardial defect due to the lack of the restraining function of the pericardium. PMID- 7205113 TI - Left axis deviation and tall R waves in the electrocardiogram. AB - ECG findings indicating significant left axis deviation and tall R waves (left type) according to the Minnesota Code have been investigated in 4210 subjects of both sexes aged 35-54. The changes were analysed twice over a period of three years. Left axis deviation was seen in 2.9%. It was least frequent in the youngest subjects and occurred 2.5 times more often in men than in women. The prevalence of tall R waves was 2.2%. It also was least frequently seen in the youngest subjects and was two times more common in men than in women. This finding was significantly connected with changes in the S-T segment and T waves at rest or after exercise. However, as many as 66% of the subjects with tall R waves had no S-T segment or T wave changes. Both left axis deviation and tall R waves were significantly associated with combined diastolic-systolic hypertension. Left axis deviation was fairly stable. Tall R waves were persistent in only one third of the subjects, reflecting the dynamics of the myocardium. It was more often seen in connection with signs of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7205114 TI - Exploitation of the redundancy of the conventional limb lead electrocardiograms for prolongation of the record length. AB - A method is described for duplicating the usable record length for computer analysis of the conventional limb lead ECGs. The method is based on the use of the extensive redundancy contained in the limb leads when they are recorded by sequencing in groups of two or three leads at a time. The resultant increase in the number of ECG complexes available for computer analysis facilitates noise reduction procedures and improves the precision and repeatability of ECG measurements. A similar scheme is proposed for duplicating or triplicating the useful record length of lead VI or any other chest lead used for rhythm analysis. Finally, it is noted that the present formats of grouping of the conventional ECG leads are all suboptimal and a transition to simultaneous acquisition of all eight independent components of the 12-lead ECG is encouraged. PMID- 7205115 TI - A comparative evaluation of three different approaches for detecting body surface isopotential map abnormalities in patients with myocardial infarction. AB - Three approaches for detecting abnormalities in body surface potential maps recorded from patients with myocardial infarction were evaluated. The maps are generated from 26 simultaneously recorded unipolar electrocardiograms. All three approaches detect the deviations in certain parameters from control values determined from 50 normal subjects. The first approach emphasizes qualitative deviations in the trajectories of the surface potential map extrema during QRS and correctly classified all but one infarct in a test group comprising 30 normals and 30 cases of myocardial infarction. The second approach classifies a test subject as abnormal if any one of his 26 lead waveforms deviates appreciably at any instant during QRS from the mean waveform for the particular lead plus or minus two standard deviations, these being determined from the control group. This method, while correctly identifying all infarcts, resulted in a large number of false positives, misclassifying 22 of 30 normals. A final method was to obtain an instant by instant plot of the correlation coefficient between the mean surface potential map during QRS for the 50 normals and that of the subject being tested. Test cases were classified as abnormal if any correlation coefficient value fell below an envelope determined from the correlation coefficient plots obtained by correlating the maps of all 50 normals with their own mean. Twenty nine normals and 26 infarcts were correctly classified. On the basis of these results, the first approach is superior to the other two for detecting surface potential map abnormalities in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 7205117 TI - The electrophysiological effects of alternate vs. single electrode pacing. AB - For the purpose of evaluating the electrophysiological effects of two modes of ventricular pacing, a linear array of eleven electrodes with an intraelectrode distance of 2.5 mm was sutured to the left ventricle. The ventricle was paced with stimuli applied to one electrode (conventional pacing) located at the center of the array and two stimuli (S1S2) delivered sequentially to two electrodes (alternate mode pacing). The alternate mode pacing was examined at different intraelectrode distances from 5 to 25 mm separation. The test stimulus (S3) used to determine the effective refractory period (ERP) and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was delivered to the central electrode within the array. The ERP, conduction time, VFT, maximum capture rate and the rate which induces VP were evaluated in ten dogs. The ERP increased sharply at a distance of greater than 15 mm between S1 and S2, which is 7.5 mm from S3. Conduction time recovered at a distance of 10 mm S1S2 only 5 mm from S3. VFT and the maximum rate which induced VF, sharply increased at a distance of 15 mm, and the maximum pacing capture rate declined rapidly at this distance as well. Single electrode pacing has shown previously, and in this study, to reduce ERP, increase conduction time and increase ERP dispersion all within 15 mm from the stimulation site, thus increasing ventricular vulnerability. Alternate mode pacing with intraelectrode distance of greater than 15 mm reduced ventricular vulnerability. It doubled the recovery time of each stimulated site, increased VFT and provided protection from rapid electrical stimulation. PMID- 7205116 TI - Myocardial infarction diminishes both low and high frequency QRS potentials: power spectrum analysis of lead II. AB - Previous studies based primarily on counts of QRS notches and slurs have suggested that myocardial infarction (MI) increases high frequency QRS components. However, this technique does not quantitatively measure total high frequency voltage. To further study this problem, a microprocessor ECG system was employed capable of averaging multiple QRS complexes to reduce noise. Power spectrum analysis of the QRS using a Fast Fourier Transform was then performed in lead II in ten normal subjects and ten patients with prior inferior MI. The infarct group showed a decrease in QRS potentials over a broad frequency range (7.81-304.7 Hz). Therefore, contrary to previous estimates, MI may attenuate high as well as low frequency QRS potentials as part of a general decrease in electromotive force. PMID- 7205119 TI - Respiratory variation in Frank vectorcardiography and echocardiography in children. AB - Forty pediatric patients underwent echocardiographic and Frank vectorcardiographic studies during normal respiration. The right ventricular minor axis (RVEDD) increased significantly with inspiration (p less than 0.005), while the left ventricular minor axis did not significantly change. The distance from the anterior chest wall to the center of the left ventricle did significantly increase with inspiration (p less than 0.005). Some vectorcardiographic parameters changed with inspiration, also. Both the maximal spatial vector to the left (MSVL) and the X to the left (X-L) significantly decreased with inspiration. Although the average magnitude of these changes was small (10-15%), there was wide variation. Five of twenty-one patients with left ventricular hypertrophy during expiration had a clearly normal Frank VCG during inspiration. It is suggested that phases of respiration should be monitored when evaluating the Frank VCG in pediatric patients. PMID- 7205118 TI - Cardiovascular alterations induced by chronic transvenous implantation of an automatic defibrillator electrode catheter in dogs. AB - Six dogs (three large, three small) had defibrillator electrode catheters implanted transvenously via the right jugular vein for 17 weeks. The dogs remained healthy throughout the study. At necropsy, the lead-induced cardiovascular alterations were characterized by (1) formation of a thin white fibrous sheath over portions of the lead along its course in the veins, right atrium and right ventricle; (2) adhesion of parts of the sheathed segments of the lead to the adjacent venous intima or endocardium of the right atrium, tricuspid valve and right ventricle; (3) endocardial fibrosis with foci of cartilaginous metaplasia in areas traumatized by the lead; (4) thrombus formation at ends of sheathed segments of the lead but lack of pulmonary embolism; and (5) partial penetration of the myocardium at the apex of the right ventricle by the end of the lead in two of the small dogs. The lead-induced lesions were similar in type and severity to those produced by chronically-implanted pacemaker leads. PMID- 7205120 TI - A transparent overlay for assessing amplitude of ECG wave forms. AB - The amplitude of ECG wave forms can be evaluated rapidly and accurately with the help of a transparent overlay depicting images of the P-QRS-T complex in various leads. Such images are drawn between the upper and lower limits of normal amplitude values and by placing them over the corresponding P-QRS-T complexes in the patient's record it is possible to determine in a matter of seconds whether various deflections are within normal limits. PMID- 7205121 TI - Respiratory and vagal modulation of ventricular tachycardia. AB - This is a report of a case of stable uninterrupted spontaneous ventricular tachycardia which could be temporarily terminated by a strong increase in vagal tone reflexly induced by phenylephrine, 0.2 mg I.V. Following its abolition with procaine amide, 100 mg I.V., ventricular tachycardia was found to be reinducible by deep inspiration for limited periods of time which varied directly with the magnitude of the inspiratory volume. This effect was enhanced by vagal inhibition (atropine, 0.6 mg I.V.) and attenuated or prevented by vagal stimulation (carotid sinus massage or edrophonium 10 mg I.V.). It was concluded that a deep inspiration can, under some circumstances, induce ventricular tachycardia by a mechanism of vagal withdrawal. PMID- 7205122 TI - Applicability of two different lead systems in studies of the electrical activity of the hearts in newborn guinea pigs. AB - Recent findings of ours from vectorcardiographic studies with the anatomically orthogonal SVEC II system of Schmitt and Simonson on postnatal guinea pigs did not coincide with earlier VCG findings from preparations of isolated guinea pig hearts beating in a homogenous volume conductor. This suggested that in the guinea pig as in the human a more intricately corrected lead system ought to be used. In order to apply to guinea pigs the electrically corrected lead system proposed by Frank in 1956 for clinical use in human electrocardiography, the underlying biophysical assumptions had to be examined. The electrical center of ventricular depolarisation in the guinea pig heart was determined by measurement of cancellation potentials around the thorax and by geometrical construction of different horizontal loops of the image surface. Cancellation coefficients and ventricular dipole locations of guinea pigs of different ages proved to be in the same range as the corresponding human values. Application of the Frank lead system to guinea pigs two days old and older gave vectorcardiographic parameters which corresponded to those obtained from Langendorff heart preparations. PMID- 7205123 TI - An unusual ECG pattern: left posterior fascicular block obscuring a right ventricular conduction defect? AB - A 23-year-old man with a history of palpitations and a single syncopal attack is described. Results of the physical examination were negative. The ECG showed a marked right axis deviation, a QRS duration of 0.13 sec. and an rS pattern from V1 to V6. In the high right precordial leads an rsR' pattern was recorded. The VCG (Frank system) showed a rightward dislocation of QRS vectors, a clockwise inscription of the QRS loop in the frontal and transverse planes and a slowing of the rightward and posterior terminal vectors. The X-ray film and the echocardiogram were negative. Neither intra-cardiac shunts nor pressure abnormalities were detected at the heart catheterization. The basal His bundle electrogram showed an H-V prolongation. Atrial pacing caused a progressive increase of the QRS duration and the appearance of an R configuration in the V1 lead, without axis shifting. We propose that the electrocardiographic pattern was suggestive of a left posterior fascicular block masking in the standard right precordial leads an associated right ventricular conduction defect. PMID- 7205124 TI - Biological half-life and organ distribution of [3H]1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin in the rat. AB - The biological half-life of synthetic, radiochemically pure, biologically active [3H]1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (dDAVP) in rats was found to be 5.33 +/- 0.28 (S.E.M.) min in the initial, transitional, fast phase and 56.28 +/- 3.27 min in the second, slow phase. The substance accumulated to the greatest extent in the kidney and small intestine and only slightly in the adenohypophysis. The results have suggested that the extended biological half-life may play a role in the more marked and longer antidiuretic effect of dDAVP. The explanation of the poor accumulation in the adenohypophysis may be that dDAVP does not possess an effect similar to that of corticotrophin releasing factor. PMID- 7205125 TI - Effects of inhibiting prolactin secretion on the maintenance of embryonic diapause in the suckling rat. AB - Treatment of rats with bromocriptine between days 5 and 8 after the post-partum mating resulted in suppression of serum prolactin levels and caused luteal regression. Although this treatment led to embryonic resorption when suckling was prevented by removing litters soon after birth, the diapausing embryos of animals nursing a litter of eight pups were unaffected by the treatment. These results suggest that the high levels of prolactin and progesterone in the circulation during lactation are not responsible for maintenance of the diapausing state. PMID- 7205126 TI - Fate of progesterone in the plasma and various tissues of anaesthetized rabbits. AB - Studies on the metabolism of progesterone in rabbit plasma and tissues during constant infusion of [3H]progesterone revealed a gradual increase in the concentration of progesterone in plasma until a state of equilibrium was attained about 2 h after the start of infusion. The metabolic clearance rate of progesterone was 0.116 l/min and the turn-over time was 0.006 min/ml plasma. Under conditions of equilibrium, the concentration of radioactivity as well as that of labelled progesterone was higher in the tissues than in plasma. On a unit weight basis, myometrium localized 6.6 nCi, Fallopian tube 5.5 nCi and vagina 6.1 nCi [3H]progesterone/g tissue. A higher concentration of progesterone, 16.5 nCi, was localized in the mammary gland tissue. Skin localized only 0.9 nCi progesterone and the lowest amount (0.34 nCi/ml) was found in plasma. The metabolism of progesterone in tissues differed from that in plasma. In plasma only 5.6% of the infused steroid was recovered as unconverted progesterone and the major amount was metabolized to polar compounds with smaller amounts of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, 5 alpha-pregnan-3 beta-ol-20-one and 20 alpha hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one. In the myometrium and Fallopian tubes the major metabolites were 5 alpha-pregnan-3 beta-ol-20-one and 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione respectively. In the vagina, like the myometrium, 5 alpha-pregnan-3 beta-ol,20 one was the major metabolite. 20 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one was the major identified metabolite of mammary gland tissue. PMID- 7205127 TI - Oestrogen receptors in rat mammary tissue and plasma concentrations of prolactin during mammary carcinogenesis induced by oestrogen and ionizing radiation. AB - Female-Sprague-Dawley rats received a subcutaneous implant containing 2 mg oestradiol at the age of 7 weeks. One week later half of the rats treated with oestrogen and half of the rats in an untreated control group were irradiated with 2 Gy (200 rad) of X-rays. The content of oestrogen receptor of the mammary tissue and the concentration of prolactin in the plasma were studied at intervals of 2 months for a period of 14 months after this treatment. Oestrogen treatment resulted in a decrease in the content of oestrogen receptors in the mammary tissue of both irradiated and non-irradiated rats. In oestrogen-treated rats, plasma prolactin was raised 10-50 times and pituitary tumours were observed. Radiation had no additional effect on the oestrogen-receptor content of mammary tissue or the concentration of plasma prolactin. The changes in the oestrogen receptor content of mammary tissue and the prolactin concentration of plasma preceded the development of mammary tumours. It is suggested that the synergistic action of oestrogen and radiation on rat mammary tumour development is the result of a stimulation by oestrogen and/or prolactin of the sensitivity of the mammary gland to ionizing radiation. PMID- 7205128 TI - Conversion of testosterone to 5 beta-reduced metabolites in the neuroendocrine tissues of the maturing cockerel. AB - The metabolism in vitro of [4-14C]testosterone to reduced derivatives was studied in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus and hyperstriatum dorsale of cockerels from hatch to sexual maturity. The most important metabolites were 5 beta dihydrotestosterone (5 beta-DHT), 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (5 beta 3 alpha-diol) and 5 beta-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol. Trace amounts of androstenedione and, in the hypothalamus only, of 5 alpha-DHT were also detected. The amounts of 5 beta-reduced metabolites produced by all neuroendocrine tissues declined progressively during maturation with the steepest fall occurring during the first 2 weeks after hatch. At all ages studied, 5 beta-DHT was formed to the greatest extent by the hyperstriatum dorsale, to a lesser extent by the hypothalamus and in the smallest quantities by the pituitary gland. In the three tissues studied, 5 beta-3 alpha-diol tended to be formed to the greatest extent by the pituitary gland. No significant change was observed in the metabolism of testosterone to reduced derivatives in any of the neuroendocrine tissues after castration. It was concluded that in the cockerel, unlike the rat, a change in 5 alpha-reductase activity of the neuroendocrine tissues is unlikely to be involved in the initiation of puberty. The physiological significance of 5 beta-reductase activity in the neuroendocrine tissues remains to be established. PMID- 7205129 TI - Stimulation by ornithine of ovine placental lactogen secretion. AB - Arginine is a potent stimulus to the secretion of placental lactogen (PL) as well as GH and prolactin in sheep. To determine whether other amino acids of the urea cycle also affect PL secretion, ornithine (25 g) and citrulline (20 g) were infused intravenously into four pregnant ewes over a period of 0.5 h. In eight experiments, ornithine stimulated PL secretion by 124 +/- 25 (S.E.M.) % with the initial increase occurring by 1 h after the start of each infusion. Plasma GH concentrations increased from 3.4 +/- 1.1 to 24.5 +/- 5.9 ng/ml and plasma prolactin concentrations increased from 58.8 +/- 12.8 to 310.7 +/- 88.4 ng/ml. Citrulline, on the other hand, had no consistent effect on PL secretion. Plasma GH concentrations following the infusion of citrulline, however, increased by 15 20 ng/ml in two of four experiments and plasma prolactin concentrations decreased by 73.2 +/- 3.2% in all four experiments. The results indicate that ornithine is also a potent stimulus to the secretion of PL, GH and prolactin and suggest that arginine-induced PL secretion may result from the conversion of arginine to ornithine. PMID- 7205130 TI - Effect on ovulation of 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and its 5 alpha-reduced metabolites in immature rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin. AB - The ability of 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, 20 alpha-DHP) and its 5 alpha-reduced metabolites, 20 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan 3-one and 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol, to facilitate ovulation was examined in immature female rats which had been treated on day 22 of age with a non-ovulatory dose (12 i.u.) of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin. An increased incidence of ovulation occurred in rats treated on the morning of day 24 with 20 alpha-DHP. However, a dose of 20 alpha-DHP three to four times that of progesterone was required to induce ovulation in all animals. In contrast, neither 20 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-3-one (at doses ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 mg) nor 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol (tested at 3.0 or 4.0 mg) facilitated ovulation. Therefore both 20 alpha-DHP and progesterone, the two major progestins of the rat oestrous cycle, have the ability to facilitate ovulation. It is concluded that the ability of 20 alpha-DHP to facilitate ovulation does not appear to be by way of conversion to its 5 alpha-reduced metabolites. PMID- 7205131 TI - Feed-back modulation of cone synapses by L-horizontal cells of turtle retina. AB - Light stimulation of the periphery of the receptive field of turtle cones can evoke both transient and sustained increases of the cone Ca2+ conductance, which may become regenerative. Such increase in the cone Ca2+ conductance evoked by peripheral illumination results from the activation of a polysynaptic pathway involving a feed-back connexion from the L-horizontal cells (L-HC) to the cones. Thus the hyperpolarization of a L-HC by inward current injection can evoke a Ca2+ conductance increase in neighbouring cones. The cone Ca2+ channels thus activated are likely located at its synaptic endings and probably intervene in the cone transmitter release. Therefore the feed-back connexion between L-HC and cones by modifying the Ca2+ conductance of cones could actually modulate the transmitter release from cone synapses. Such feed-back modulation of cone synapses plays a role in the organization of the colour-coded responses of the chromaticity type horizontal cells and probably of other second order neurones, post-synaptic to the cones. The mechanisms operating the feed-back connexion from L-HC to cones are discussed. PMID- 7205133 TI - Cell interactions in nerve and muscle cell cultures. AB - The neurotransmitter synthesized by a given class of neurones is subject to modification and, indeed, a qualitative switchover in transmitter biochemistry recently has been demonstrated (Furshpan, POtter & Landis, 1980; Walicke, Campenot & Patterson, 1977). In conjunction with the specification of transmitter biosynthesis that becomes established in a given neurone, a complementary specification of appropriate receptor production is required in any cell functionally post-synaptic to that neurone. An additional requirement of peculiar force in the nervous system has to do with the spatial organization of the receptors in the surface membrane of the post-synaptic cell once the receptors are synthesized. Inappropriately distributed receptors are useless receptors. The perfect registration of a variety of types of presynaptic release sites with high post-synaptic concentrations of appropriate receptors constitutes one of the outstanding features of nervous-system organization that must be accounted for. We report some experiments directed toward understanding the cell biology of regulation of receptor distribution over the surface membrane of muscle cells. Functional synaptic connexions are formed quite early in development and the stability and maturation of synaptic networks is contingent on a number of factors. One interesting contingency is that related to the functional activity of developing networks. Do only those networks survive and mature which are activated by stimuli impinging from the environment? (Wiesel & Hubel, 1963). Put more simple, are action potentials and synaptic activity essential for neuronal maturation? We address this question in cell culture systems from the mammalian central nervous system. PMID- 7205132 TI - Dual function during development of rat sympathetic neurones in culture. AB - Many sympathetic principal neurones of the superior cervical ganglion of the newborn rat are known to be plastic with respect to the choice between norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh) as transmitter; when the neurones are dissociated and placed in culture, a majority of them can be shifted from an initial, immature, adrenergic state to a cholinergic state by co-culture with a variety of non-neuronal cells or by medium conditioned by such cells. To study this transition it has been helpful to grow single neurones, each in a microculture which also contains cardiac myocytes. The transmitter status of a neurone can be assayed by recording its effect on the myocytes (adrenergic excitation, cholinergic inhibition or dual function); then a fine structural assay of the neurone based on the appearance of the synaptic vesicles can be made and correlated directly with the physiology. In this paper we report the following findings on principal neurones developing in such microcultures. (i) During the transition period, a majority of the neurones were dual in function and in vesicular appearance. (ii) The physiological effects and vesicular appearance varied from mainly adrenergic to mainly cholinergic. (iii) In preliminary attempts to follow the transition by recording at least twice from the same microculture, partial transitions were observed, always in the direction adrenergic-to-cholinergic. (iv) The transitions were not synchronous or fixed in time course even in pairs of neurones grown side by side in the same microculture. PMID- 7205134 TI - Predictive reaching for moving objects by human infants. PMID- 7205135 TI - Categorical and spatial modes of representation in young children's recall. PMID- 7205136 TI - Cognitive style and elaboration of logical abilities in hearing-impaired children. PMID- 7205137 TI - Is knowledge base development a necessary and sufficient condition for memory development? PMID- 7205138 TI - Whole-word units are used before orthographic knowledge in perceptual development. PMID- 7205139 TI - Behavioral contrast and generalization across settings in the treatment of autistic children. PMID- 7205140 TI - Maintenance and generalization of a semantic rehearsal strategy in educable mentally retarded children. PMID- 7205141 TI - The effects of constant vs varied reinforcer presentation on responding by autistic children. PMID- 7205142 TI - Distance estimates of children as a function of acquisition and response activities. PMID- 7205143 TI - Limitations on children's short-term memory for left-right orientation. PMID- 7205144 TI - [Clinical chemical diagnosis of affective diseases by means of a neuroendocrine function test (author's transl)]. AB - The stimulation of pituitary hormone secretion with thyroliberin and by insulin induced hypoglycemia was investigated on 52 depressive patients and 12 postdepressive, lithiumtreated subjects. The serum concentrations of somatotropin, cortisol, prolactin, thyrotropin and glucose were followed for 2 hours. Differences in the neuroendocrine response between endogenous and reactive (neurotic) depressive patients were observed, and changes during the course of the diseases were also recorded. 1. Stimulation of somatotropin and cortisol secretion, and the decrease of glucose are diminished in endogenous depressive patients, as compared to those of reactive depressive patients and healthy controls. 2. Somatotropin stimulation maxima below 40 mU/l in depressive phase are indicative of endogenous depression, rather than the reactive form, with a confidence probability of 0.9. 3. An increase in the stimulation of somatotropin and cortisol secretion can be shown after termination of endogenous depression. However, the somatotropin maxima are then also lower than those found in reactive depression. 4. The stimulation of somatotropin secretion in lithiumtreated psychosis-free subjects shows no difference from that of healthy controls; thyrotropin secretion increase. The weak, insulin-induced hypoglycemia, observed in these subjects, is higher (66%) than in the healthy controls. 5. Fear and agitation have an inhibitory effect on the stimulation of the prolactin secretion during the depressive phase. The pituitary stimulation test offers a means of ascertaining the disturbed neuroendocrine function in affective diseases and objectifying the differential diagnosis of depressive syndromes. PMID- 7205145 TI - An evaluation method providing confidence intervals applied to radioimmunoassay. AB - A method for evaluation of radioimmunoassay results is described. The order of the single tubes in each assay run is randomized. A polynomial is fitted to untransformed data (y = counts per minute; x = concentration of curve.A confidence interval is calculated for each sample, taking into account the variance of the standard curve and that of the actual duplicate assay jointly. PMID- 7205146 TI - [Determination of glucose in hemolysed blood samples (author's transl)]. AB - The determination of glucose in hemolysed and stabilized blood samples by the hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-method is described. The glucose concentration in hemolysed blood samples was stable for 7 days. Even at high glucose concentrations (linear range up to 60 mmol/l), the reaction came to completion within 5 minutes. No interference by lipemia, bilirubin and drugs was observed; the interference of fructose was slight. Compared with deproteinized samples there was a very good correlation between this method and the reference method. Precision and recovery were good. This method is also suited for the analysis of few samples and offers the possibility of blood sugar self-profiles in diabetic out-patients and gives an increasing improvement of diabetic control. PMID- 7205147 TI - Rapid determination of fibronectin by laser nephelometry. Fibronectin concentrations is plasma in human diseases, I. AB - Fibronectin (Synonyms: cold-insoluble globulin, antigelatin factor) is a cell surface glycoprotein. It has been shown that remarkably large amounts of fibronectin are present in human plasma. Owing to the difficult and expensive radioimmunoassays, only a few reports on the relation of fibronectin and human diseases have so far been published. In this communication a rapid and easily handled immunoassay, using the light scattering effect, is described. The first results on the measurement of fibronectin concentrations in the plasma of patients with chronic active liver diseases are reported. PMID- 7205148 TI - [Effects of rifampicin and streptomycin on the concentrations of testosterone and cortisol in the blood of men (author's transl)]. AB - It has been shown previously that the biosynthesis and metabolism of oestrogens is affected by rifampicin. The present study was undertaken to investigate if rifampicin may also influence the plasma concentrations of testosterone and cortisol. Five male patients suffering from tuberculosis received rifampicin or streptomycin. During treatment with rifampicin testosterone concentrations were significantly elevated as compared to control conditions; this increase was found in the morning (8.00 h) as well as in the afternoon (16.30 h). When the same patients were treated with streptomycin, only irregular changes of testosterone concentrations were observed. The blood level of cortisol was increased in two patients, but unchanged in three patients who were treated with rifampicin. No changes at all were detected in patients under treatment with streptomycin. The results presented here show that rifampicin -- in contrast to streptomycin -- influences the biosynthesis of testosterone and possibly also that of cortisol. PMID- 7205149 TI - Evaluation of the assay for serum monoamine oxidase -- an index of hepatic fibrosis. AB - At present, neither the diagnostic efficiency, the analytic reliability nor the practicability of clinical chemical tests for estimation of the degree and/or activity of the fibrotic transformation of the chronically injured liver are satisfactory. Among the various parameters proposed, the determination of the activity of monoamine oxidase (monoamine: O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.4.3.4) in serum seems to be advantageous. To facilitate its routine use we studied some important practical aspects of the new colorimetric assay for the activity of monoamine oxidase in serum. The reaction proceeds linearly with time for at least two hours and with enzyme concentrations up to kU/l. The buffer composition influences markedly the function of the enzyme; in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.2) at 37 degree C the activity is 1.35 time higher than in phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) and the temperature correlation factors are also different for both buffer systems. 0.003 mol/l of the lathyrogenic compound beta-aminopropionitrile inhibits the activity by about 50% whereas Cu2+ up to 130 mu mol/l does not affect enzyme function. Intra- and interassay precision and characterized by a CV of 3.6 and 12%, respectively. Hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia do not interfere significantly with the determination but in hyperlipemic sera elevated enzyme activities were noticed. During storage of serum at room temperature the catalytic function decrease by about 30%/day. Of the 26 quality control sera tested, only a few contained monoamine oxidase activity that was quantitatively (i.e. similar catalytic activity in tris phosphate buffer) similar to that in human serum, and were therefore suitable for routine precision control analysis. PMID- 7205150 TI - [Analysis and biological significance of steroid epoxidase]. PMID- 7205151 TI - Provisional guidelines (1980) for listing specifications of clinical chemical analysers. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. PMID- 7205153 TI - [Standardization of hepatitis B immunoglobulins (author's transl)]. AB - Titer determinations of hepatitis B immunoglobulins, as performed for example with radioimmunoassays or with haemagglutination tests, always show wide deviations; if a reference preparation, on which the test results can be based, is not run simultaneously with the test, the results are not comparable. A simple and easily reproducible radioimmunological method is described: the regression line is calculated for the titer series of a reference preparation, whose end titer is established; the anti-HBs content of the preparations under test can then be compared. PMID- 7205152 TI - [Performance and limitations of the analysis of HDL-cholesterol (author's transl)]. AB - Comparing published data, three methods for HDL-cholesterol determination (phosphotungstate/MgCl2, dextran sulphate 500/MgCl2 and heparin/MnCl2) are reviewed with respect to accuracy, precision, sensitivity and liability to interference. All three methods are specific (complete precipitation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein) and sufficiently sensitive (only significant coprecipitation of HDL). A disadvantage of the heparin/MnCl2 method is incomplete precipitation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein in hypertriglyceridemic sera. Limitations of the diagnostic value of HDL-cholesterol analysis are discussed. PMID- 7205155 TI - Some studies on the effects of ambilhar on mobilisation and excretion of lead. AB - The effects of administration of ambilhar to guinea pigs intoxicated with lead for one and three weeks were investigated. The results showed that administration of ambilhar to guinea pigs dosed with lead acetate resulted in a significant decrease in the liver content of lead with a concomitant increase in urinary and faecal lead excretion. The rate of lead elimination from the body was found to be dose dependent. The ultra violet studies of ambilhar and its lead soluble complex in vitro supported the possibility that the stimulation of lead excretion results from the formation of lead-ambilhar complex. PMID- 7205154 TI - Evidence of age-dependent activity increase of poly(C)-avid-serum ribonuclease in man. AB - The activity of ribonuclease (E 3.1.4.22) was estimated in sera of 401 normal subjects (normal renal function, no signs of catabolism), age ranging from 16 to 100 years (mean: 50.25 +/- 19.98) with Poly (C) as substrate. Further activity was measured with the substrates Poly (U), Poly (A) and Poly (G) in 10 sera from each age decade between 21-30 years and 81-90 years. Greatest activity was found with Poly (C) as substrate (mean: 15.88 kU/l +/- 9.57). Covariant analysis (age as covariant) revealed no sex-related activity distribution at any age, whereas the age-dependent activity increase was highly significant (p less than 0.001; 11 20 years: 9.48 kU/l +/- 3.07; 81-90 years: 34.72 kU/l +/- 5.88). Activity with the other substrates was very low and constant throughout all ages. It seems to be mandatory to consider the age of the patient when interpreting ribonuclease activity. PMID- 7205156 TI - [Biotransformation of zipeprol (Mirsol) in humans. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric studies, using ammonia as a selective reactant gas (author's transl)]. AB - After oral application of Zipeprol (Mirsol) the unchanged drug and nine degradation products were detected in human urine; six of them could be identified. All identified metabolites were detected in the alkaline urine fraction; after acid hydrolysis N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine was found as an artifact. With respect to the presented results, biotransformation of Zipeprol in man mainly follows three degradation routes: 1. alpha-cleavage leading to metabolite M4; 2. cleavage of the exocyclic N-C-bond of the piperazine ring leading to metabolites M3, M5, M6; 3. benzylic cleavage leading to benzylalcohol (M1); oxidation leading to 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (mandelic acid, M2). PMID- 7205157 TI - [A micromethod for the determination of N-acetylneuraminic acid in glycoproteins (author's transl)]. AB - a micromethod is described for the determination of free or glycoprotein-bound N acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) on the basis of oxidation with periodic acid and reaction with thiobarbiturate. When using athe Eppendorf microliter system the method is easy to perform, the lowest level of sensitivity being 0.2 nmoles NANA in the incubation mixture. The intraassay precision comprises 3.0% CV, the interassay precision 4.3% CV. The accuracy of the results obtained by this micromethod was proved by comparative experiments with the macromethod according to Warren ((1959), J. Biol. Chem. 234, 1971-1979) using sialyllactose, transferrin and fibrinogen as reference materials. PMID- 7205158 TI - Correlation between fluorimetric and microbiological methods for determination of cephalexin in urine and serum. AB - The fluorimetric and microbiological methods for the determination of serum and urine cephalexin were compared with the aid of coded samples in two different laboratories. The coefficient of correlation between the two methods for serum cephalexin was 0.94. At urine cephalexin concentrations above 0.5 g/l, the coefficient of correlations between two methods was 0.83. At lower concentrations (0.5 g/l), the coefficient of correlation was 0.72. It was concluded that the tested methods are comparable, equally sensitive and precise. PMID- 7205159 TI - A continuous photometric method for the determination of small intestinal invertase. AB - An easy to perform, rapid and precise assay for invertase is introduced. In it enzyme activity is determined spectrophotometrically from a coupled enzymatic reaction. PMID- 7205160 TI - [On the optical quality of plastic photometer cuvettes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205161 TI - The nomenclature of tetrapyrroles. A report. PMID- 7205162 TI - [Enzymatic determination of serum glycerophosphatides, using phospholipase C (author's transl)]. AB - A simple method is described for the determination of serum glycerophosphatides, with the exception of lyso-phosphatide. Two determinations are necessary. The usual "triglyceride" determination is performed on native serum, and a further determination is performed after incubation of the serum with phospholipase C. Glycerophosphatides are hydrolysed to diglycerides and phosphorylcholine by phospholipase C. The resulting diglycerides are determined in addition to the mono-, di-, triglycerides and free glycerol of the native serum. The difference between the two glyceride determinations corresponds to the concentration of glycerophosphatides. Involvement of glycerophosphatides in blood coagulation and their increased levels in certain liver illnesses are two reasons for the importance of the present method. Compared with the usual method of measuring phospholipid phosphorus, the present method involves considerably less work, and, as a fully enzymatic method, it has a higher specificity. PMID- 7205163 TI - Mental health care in family practice. PMID- 7205164 TI - Management of urinary tract infections. PMID- 7205165 TI - Screening for colorectal cancer. AB - Colorectal cancer remains a major cause of mortality in the United States. Of all persons diagnosed with this tumor, less than 50 percent survive five years. Useful preventive measures have not been established. Screening programs, however, offer the prospect of detecting cancers early in their course, when the prognosis for survival is more favorable. To date, no screening test has clearly demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing mortality from colorectal cancer. Periodic rigid sigmoidoscopy and stool occult blood testing have gained many advocates, but have yet to be proved worthwhile in adequately controlled clinical trials. Uncontrolled studies indicate that both these techniques discover approximately 2 cancers per 1000 screenees. There is suggestive evidence that the cancers discovered are more likely to be localized. For the present, physicians should limit colorectal cancer screening to persons at relatively high risk: persons aged over 45 years, with a family history of bowel cancer, or with polyps. Protocols should be designed to ensure high specificity. The recommendations of the National Cancer Institute's consensus conference provide practical guidelines pending the outcome of randomized controlled trials. PMID- 7205166 TI - Delayed roentgenographic signs associated with acute pneumonia in children. AB - Three cases are reported in order to emphasize occult presentations of pneumonia in children. In each hospitalized child, the initial chest roentgenogram was negative, only to become positive up to five years after presentation. Possible explanations for delayed roentgenographic signs of pneumonia are discussed. Less common signs and symptoms of pneumonia in children of various ages are outlined in order to increase the awareness of primary care physicians to atypical presentation of pneumonia in childhood. PMID- 7205167 TI - Efficacy of two dosage schedules of cephalexin in dermatologic infections. AB - Is the administration of oral antibiotics four times a day as necessary as some pharmacokinetic studies indicate? The efficacy of cephalexin administered twice a day was compared to the same drug administered four times a day for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections due to staphylococcus and/or streptococcus. The 154 outpatients in this four-clinic study ranged in age from 1 month to more than 70 years. A random number table was used to assign patients to either the twice a day or the four times a day regimen. The total daily dosage was the same in each regimen. Administration twice a day proved equally effective to the four times a day regimen. Both regimens were more than 97 percent effective and side effects were minimal. PMID- 7205168 TI - Smoking recognition by family physicians. AB - Family physicians have an essential, unique, and vital role to play in preventive health care. However, the actual practice of and emphasis upon preventive medicine varies widely. Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of illness and high medical costs in the United States today. This study examined the recognition of smoking patients by family physicians. The results show that physicians fail to recognize large numbers of their patients who smoke and that physician behavior is disease oriented rather than preventive. A modest educational program was very successful in improving physician awareness and recognition of smoking patients. This study suggests that family physicians can and need to become better prevention specialists and they must document the smoking habits of all their patients before attempting to counsel or intervene with smoking cessation programs. PMID- 7205169 TI - Educational obstacles to learning diagnosis. AB - Formal teaching of the observational skills needed in diagnosing illness is a time honored part of medical education. The analytic skills which follow diagnostic observations, however, are often obscure and poorly taught. Much of this deficit may be due to the special character of the teaching context. The Flexnerian marriage of medical education to medical research and its substrate, the referral hospital, may have had consequences which confound the understanding and teaching of diagnosis. This paper explores four possibilities: inappropriate use of the inductive method; overemphasis on mechanistic paradigms; preoccupation with disease, the diagnostic end-point; and truncation of the analytic process occasioned by referral. PMID- 7205170 TI - Integrating community based research into residency training. AB - Knowledge of and experience in both community medicine and research are important ingredients in the make-up of modern day family physicians. Although most family practice teachers agree with the statement, many remain in a quandary as to how to integrate these topics in the overall curriculum. This paper presents one possible solution to this dilemma. Two examples are given whereby family practice residents perform community based research projects, thereby fulfilling objectives in both community medicine and research. PMID- 7205171 TI - Mental health activities of family physicians. AB - A questionnaire survey of residency trained graduates and nonresidency trained family physicians showed both groups reporting relatively infrequent practice of behavioral medicine. Referrals and counseling sessions/visits produce a combined total of 20 activities per month, or two to four percent of all patient encounters, even though the physicians in the sample reported that 33 percent of their diagnoses were behavioral/psychological. More than 85 percent of the physicians reported access to more than one mental health provider. The six most common health problems encountered in the office were depression, anxiety, obesity, marital discord, alcohol abuse, and sexual problems. Physicians responding to this survey expressed an interest in continuing education programs that emphasize individual, marital, and parenting counseling, and psychopharmacology. There is a major need to improve the mental health component of residency training, which will enable physicians to better manage psychosocial problems in practice settings. PMID- 7205172 TI - Shaping the mental health role of family physicians. AB - Family physicians have an important role in mental health care delivery. The psychiatry and family practice faculty at the University of Alabama College of Community Health Sciences recently examined the principal elements of this role and the ways in which these elements might best be incorporated into the teaching/learning process of a family medicine residency. Competency based approaches to curriculum development were chosen to permit flexibility of implementation and to allow involved physicians to participate in definition of their mental health roles. Methods used to construct the curriculum included interviews with graduated residents of the first four classes of the program, literature review, and a modified delphi/nominal group technique with family medicine and psychiatry faculty. The result was a competency based psychiatric curriculum supervised cooperatively by both psychiatry and family medicine faculty. This program is begun early in the residency, is integrated longitudinally into the rest of the residents' curriculum, and utilizes seminars, clinical experience, and liaison with a mental health team in the training design. PMID- 7205173 TI - A conversion code from ICHPPC-1 to ICHPPC-2. AB - Faculty members from four departments of family medicine participated in the production of a definitive conversion from the first to the second versions of the International Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care (ICHPPC). A detailed conversion code with the appropriate ICHPPC-2 equivalent for each ICHPPC 1 diagnostic title is provided. Differences between the two classifications are discussed and suggestions are made for the use of the conversion code. PMID- 7205174 TI - Hospital privileges of family physicians in North Carolina. AB - Ninety-eight percent of the North Carolina hospitals studied grant some or all of their family physician staff general medicine privileges, while 80 percent grant some or all family physician staff coronary unit privileges. Sixty-eight percent of the hospitals grant some or all family physicians general pediatrics privileges, while 72 percent grant newborn nursery privileges. Routine obstetrics privileges are present in 67 percent of the hospitals. Only 24 percent of the hospitals grant some or all the family physicians operative surgical privileges. There is a significant difference between urban and rural hospitals in first assistant surgery privileges. Of the 38 hospitals granting first assistant privileges, 35 are rural. Family physicians in smaller hospitals, especially those having fewer than 100 beds, are less likely to be required to seek consultations. Hospitals were asked to note what privileges a new board certified family physician staff member might expect to receive. There was little change from the current pattern. This study suggests that the opportunity for extensive hospital practice by family physicians currently exists in North Carolina. PMID- 7205176 TI - Morbidity recording by E-book in community practice. PMID- 7205175 TI - Iatrogenic salicylate poisoning of an infant by adult rectal aspirin suppositories. PMID- 7205178 TI - Continuity as an attitudinal contract. PMID- 7205177 TI - Attitudes of family practice residents' spouses toward practice location. PMID- 7205179 TI - Privilege, confidentiality, and patient privacy: status 1980. AB - The principle of patient privacy has evolved from the Hippocratic Oath to current medical ethics guidelines and to legal protections for doctor-patient communications. Privilege statutes now abound in the United States with considerable difference from state jurisdiction to state jurisdiction. Recently several bills have been introduced to establish a federal standard for patient privacy. These bills are critically examined--particularly in regard to the conflict between the need to keep doctor-patient interactions private and the demand by law enforcement agencies for information. The federal bills lean towards the latter at the expense of the protection of confidentiality and therefore should not be adopted. The narrowness of the scope of the proposed laws is reflected in a comparison with a proposed model privacy act. PMID- 7205180 TI - Terrorism--what can the psychiatrist do? AB - The 1970s have yielded many situations in which psychiatrists have been summoned by agents of the state for help in resolving terrorist-related crises. This paper tries to examine the evolving role of forensic psychiatrists as they participate in such situations and reviews some of the functions involved in open community/terrorist confrontations, closed community/terrorist confrontations, and psychiatrist/terrorist relations. Positive contributions have been made by psychiatrists, but there is a lack of available information to assist them in fulfilling their tasks. Specific recommendations are made that may be of benefit to the psychiatrist. PMID- 7205181 TI - Stimuli triggering violence in psychoses. AB - Various behavioral and neurophysiological models are suggested to objectify and quantify the defense of insanity and to assess dangerousness in someone who is being considered for release from custody. Two cases are presented that show a pattern of specific relationships between traumatic experiences in youth and a later trigger stimulus that releases homicidal action. Until a refined classification system and neurophysiological understanding of sudden aggression can be achieved, forensic psychiatrists should be aware of the psychotic trigger reaction within a clinical psychiatric model. PMID- 7205182 TI - A hypnotherapeutic approach to exhibitionism: outpatient therapeutic strategy. AB - A technique to cause cessation of impulse and to shorten the course of treatment for individuals who engage in exhibitionism is described. The patients were carefully selected. The psychodynamics were described and identified for each patient, and the results have been favorable to date. The great advantages of the methods used have been keeping the patient functional in society, shortening the duration of treatment, and reducing cost. The technique has been successful in the treatment of patients suffering from other forms of impulse disorders. Long term follow-up studies are recommended for any patient receiving this method of hypnotic treatment. PMID- 7205183 TI - The responsibilities of the state for the prevention and treatment of mental illness among prisoners. AB - There is mounting evidence that severe stress may produce profound psychophysiologic disturbances that can persist for many years. Imprisonment may be viewed as one such stress. The prison population has a high baseline incidence of mental illness, reflecting the societal groups from which most prisoners are drawn. The great stress of imprisonment may thus be a significant factor in the exacerbation of existing psychoses or in the precipitation of first psychotic episodes in certain prisoners. The responsibilities of the state in the prevention and treatment of mental illness among prisoners are not clear. United States Supreme Court rulings on sentencing procedures could be interpreted as requiring psychiatric evaluations of all prisoners. Furthermore, court rulings on the adequacy of medical care in prisons could be construed as requiring therapy for all prisoners suffering from major mental illnesses. Failure of the state to take reasonable steps to prevent and treat mental illness in the prison population may constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution. PMID- 7205184 TI - Detection of digoxin in bloodstains. AB - Picogram quantities of digoxin were detected in 100-microL samples of dried bloodstains by using radioimmunoassay. The extractability of digoxin by various surfactants and the problems encountered with aged stains were investigated. PMID- 7205185 TI - Wounding characteristics of "shotshell" ammunition: a report of three cases. AB - Wounds caused by "shotshells" in three homicides are presented. Characteristics of shotshell ammunition based on test firings of .38 Special shotshells are detailed. Differences between shotshell wounds and shotgun wounds may include pattern spread, number of pellet defects, and defects caused by the shotshell wadding and plastic capsule. PMID- 7205187 TI - Postmortem wound dehiscence: a medicolegal masquerade. AB - Postmortem artifactual changes associated with decomposition have been well reported throughout the forensic literature. The recognition and correct interpretation of these artifactual changes are of paramount importance in determining if injuries were sustained before or after death. Presented is a case of surgical wound dehiscence associated with bloating in the postmortem decomposition state. Previously undescribed in the current forensic science literature, this entity can present difficulties in interpretation. The artifact is described and the methods used in its identification are discussed. PMID- 7205186 TI - A tetrachloroethylene fatality. AB - This case report concerns a fatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene at a dry cleaning establishment. A sensitive analytical method was developed and the distribution of the chemical in various fluids and tissues was determined. Although several fatalities from tetrachloroethylene have been reported, little previous quantitative toxicological data have been found in the literature. PMID- 7205188 TI - Identification of a foreign body using energy dispersive x-ray analysis. AB - A foreign object, presumably swallowed during a dental appointment, was recovered by using an esophagoscope and thought to be a piece of dental impression material, probably alginate. It was identified as being of nondental origin by means of visible light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the latter coupled to an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. Histologic examination revealed some amorphous crystalline material surrounded by parakeratin and exfoliated squamous cells. The material was essentially radiolucent. A known dental alginate impression material contained diatomaceous earth filler (siliceous shells of diatoms), but no microscopic symmetrical figures were seen in the foreign body. After dehydration, both materials were carbon-coated and observed in an SEM at 20 kV at magnifications up to 2000 X. The spectrum of secondary X-rays produced by the scanning electron beam revealed only magnesium in the foreign body and mostly silicon in the dental alginate. There are no known dental products that contain magnesium as the only inorganic ingredient and so the foreign body is believed to be not of dental origin. The patient may have had an antacid or laxative having magnesium as a major ingredient in the stomach, and this may have been refluxed from the stomach after stimulation of the normal gag reflex during the dental procedure. PMID- 7205189 TI - Simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in human plasma by nitrogen detection gas-liquid chromatography. AB - Human plasma levels of nicotine and its principal metabolite, cotinine, were simultaneously quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography combined with nitrogen selective detection. Nicotine, cotinine, and the added internal standard ketamine are extracted from plasma at basic pH into methylene chloride, back-extracted into acid, and then re-extracted into methylene chloride. Analysis is carried out on a packed glass column of 3% SE-30 while column temperature is programmed from 150 to 200 degrees C. Detector response is linea over the range of 2 to 50 ng/mL nicotine and 50 to 500 ng/mL cotinine. The method was validated on 150 plasma samples obtained from habitual smokers. Mean levels of 19.5 and 219 ng/mL were found for nicotine and cotinine, respectively. Both the mean and the range of the levels were in agreement with previously reported plasma levels for nicotine and cotinine. PMID- 7205191 TI - Community mental health centers pro and con. PMID- 7205190 TI - National and international standards pertaining to noise and speech. AB - There has been considerable recent activity in the development of standards relating to bioacoustics, especially in the areas of noise, hearing, and speech. Most of these national and international standards are written within the framework of the Bioacoustic Committee, S3, of the American National Standards Institute. This paper briefly describes how standards for bioacoustics are developed and used. Many of the new standards on noise, hearing, and speech are also described. PMID- 7205192 TI - Dermoid cysts of the floor of mouth. PMID- 7205193 TI - Stereospecificity of multiple receptor sites in a labellar sugar receptor of the fleshfly for amino acids and small peptides. AB - N-Formylation and N-methylation of the alpha-amino group of L-phenylalanine result in extremely decreased responses of the labellar sugar receptor of the fleshfly, whereas the same structural alteration of L-valine hardly affects the response. Methyl esterification of the alpha-carboxyl group of phenylalanine, on the other hand, maintains the response to some extent, but similar treatment of valine completely diminishes the response. The aromatic structure in phenylalanine is not essential for stimulation. These results suggest a substantial difference in the stereospecificities and functional group specificities of the furnase (F) and aliphatic carboxylate (T) sites in the sugar receptor. The effect of small peptides on the sugar receptor was examined systematically. Their effectiveness depends mainly on the place of the constituent amino acids rather than on their composition, indicating the decisive role that certain aliphatic amino acids in the C-terminal position play in stimulation. Remarkable regularities in the stimulating effectiveness of small peptides exactly correspond to the stereospecificity of each receptor site. We propose two hypothetical models of the F and T sites, which involve three and two subsites, respectively, that are capable of hydrogen bond formation. The F and T sites also have a hydrophobic subsite that discriminates the R groups of the stimulants and a few spatial barriers. PMID- 7205194 TI - Phycomyces: irregular growth patterns in stage IVb sporangiophores. AB - Net rotation and net elongation of a stage IVb Phycomyces growing zone were simultaneously measured minute by minute with a photographic apparatus coupled with a rotating stage. A direct correlation between a growth response and a twist response after either a light stimulus or a house stimulus was found. There were significant irregularities in growth rate in both the elongation and rotation that were not a result of measurement error; these irregularities were poorly, if at all, correlated. We believe that these fluctuations reflect the underlying molecular mechanism of cell wall synthesis. PMID- 7205195 TI - [Genetic counseling of parents of children with eye diseases]. AB - What is the empirical risk for children to be born with a disease or a malformation? In healthy families, the parents being normal, the probability is 2 to 4% and when the parents are first cousins, although healthy, it is 5%. Of course, the risk is greater in affected families. When the mother or the father is affected and when there is no consanguinity, the risk is 20%, but when the parents are first cousins, it is 32,5%. When the two parents are affected, it is 100%. When the parents are normal, but when already one child is affected, the risk for the other children is 25%. When the mother or the father is affected and when there is already one child affected, the risk for the other children is 50%. When a grand parent is affected, the risk for the grand children is 10%. When an aunt or an uncle is affected, the risk for the nephews and nieces is 7%. In the case of genetic counseling, the parents must understand that no physician can guarantee that a child will be normal. On the other side, they must understand that the mendelian risks are the same for each pregnancy. Finally, they must know that at each birth there is a risk of 2 to 4% of having a major congenital anomaly. On the human and psychological point of view, the physician must convince the parents that they are not responsible and that, if a woman may be a gene carrier, the husband may also carry pathological genes, as each individual carries 2 to 10 pathological recessive genes. Finally, it is not the geneticist who has to impose a procreative decision. Only the parents have to decide if they want or do not want other children. PMID- 7205196 TI - Partial 8p- syndrome. AB - A terminal deletion in the short arm of chromosome 8 (:p21 leads to qter) was found in a two years old girl with dysmorphic craniofacial features and developmental retardation. Clinical features are compared with previously published cases and suggest a recognizable syndrome. PMID- 7205197 TI - [Telomeric fusion of the short arms of both X chromosomes in a patient presenting an atypical Turner syndrome]. AB - A case of atypical Turner's syndrome with unusual karyotype is reported. The chromosome complements of the patient, studied with different banding techniques, is 45,XO/46,X,dic(X)(Xqter leads to p22::p22 leads to qter). In the literature 8 similar cases have been reported. Short stature and amenorrhea are the most constant findings. The mechanisms by which the observed chromosomal "rearrangement" can be produced are briefly discussed. PMID- 7205199 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy: systematic neonatal screening and earlier detection of carriers. AB - Systematic neonatal screening programme for DMD has been set up since June 1975. Constant and specific SCK increase in DMD newborn can be found on whole dried blood between the 5th and 8th day after birth. The amount of false positives is small : 1,6%. At the first control, DMD diagnosis is very probable and is made certain by EMG and muscle microscopic observations. For a period of 3 years and 6 months, we have achieved 138 579 screening tests, and 12 DMD were found, among 71 091 boys (1/5 929 male births). Genealogical data from 11 families out of the 12 lead to identify 93 women relatives as possible carriers; 23 of them are menstruating women who benefit by recognition and receive genetic information several years before the DMD clinical diagnosis in the first family's proband could have been done. Systematic neonatal screening programme for DMD seems to be a means to reduce the incidence of DMD to the theoretical mutation cases. PMID- 7205198 TI - [Determination of trypsin in dried blood for neonatal detection of cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 7205200 TI - Larsen's syndrome: clinical and genetic aspects. AB - A case of the Larsen's syndrome in a family is described. The girl has joint dislocations, an unusual face and bone abnormalities. Larsen's syndrome in this case has a genetic recessive origin. Both dominant and recessive forms may exist. The heterogeneity of the syndrome is emphasized and the differential diagnosis has been cited. A divergent strabismus is reported as an additional clinical finding. PMID- 7205201 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Meckel syndrome. AB - Prenatal diagnosis of the Meckel syndrome was made at 15 weeks of gestation after the birth of a previous child with the same autosomal recessively inherited syndrome. This report emphasises the importance for Genetic counseling of delineating the Meckel syndrome from the multifactorial cases of neural tube defects and also illustrates the possibility of antenatal diagnosis. PMID- 7205202 TI - [Phenotype of a ring-chromosome 6 carrier. Clinical and cytogenetic study]. AB - A ring 6 chromosome was detected in a 18 months old boy. The patient was a dwarf with psychomotor retardation, morphological anomalies i.e. microcephaly, bird head shaped facies with large ears, arched palate and micrognathia. A survey of 9 others cases collected in the medical literature permit to propose a specific phenotype for this chromosomal abnormality. PMID- 7205203 TI - The concept of death in preoperational retarded children. AB - Fourteen preoperational retarded boys and girls (mean MA = 6-4), as classified by the failure to pass three conservation tasks, were interviewed for their concepts of death, with Koocher's (1973) study used as a model. Each S was asked, "What makes things die?" "How can you make dead things come back to life?" "When will you die?" and "What will happen then?" It was found that the preoperational retarded Ss did not have realistic concepts of when they will die, or of the permanence of death. They did, however, have realistic notions of how things die. It was also found that the types of replies made to these questions were related to their cognitive level (p less than .01). PMID- 7205204 TI - Self-concepts of chronically ill children. AB - This is an investigation of the self-concept of chronically ill children with blood disease. The responses of 54 chronically ill girls and boys, aged 3 1/2 to 12, were compared with the responses of 115 healthy girls and boys, aged 3 1/2 to 10 1/2, by means of a projective drawing procedure. Few differences were found between the groups. Results were interpreted in terms of coping theory. Sex and age differences were obtained for both groups. PMID- 7205205 TI - A scalogram analysis of behavioral strategies in severely and profoundly retarded adults. AB - The present study was designed to provide empirical evidence for an assumed order sequence of five behavioral strategies in 75 severely and profoundly retarded adults. A behavioral strategy was defined as a set of task-related behaviors each of which is controlled by the same stimulus properties of the materials. Four sets of tasks were used to measure four of the five strategies. Multiple presentation modes were employed to enhance the Ss' understanding of the demand characteristics of the tasks. A scalogram analysis revealed that the four sets of items met the requirements for a cumulative scale. Additional analyses were performed to identify individual items measuring a specific behavioral strategy. The obtained results indicated that most items measured one strategy although not always the one for which they were designed. The additional value of the described classification system over other, more traditional measures, is discussed. PMID- 7205206 TI - Social class and race differences in family interaction: pathological, normative, or confounding methodological factors? AB - The interaction patterns of 64 well-adjusted family triads, divided into eight equal groups by race, social class, and sex of adolescent, were assessed across observational and self-report measures of family affect, conflict, and dominance. Any social class or race differences similar to those of prior research could not be described as deficits since all families met extensive criteria to assure favorable psychosocial adjustment. However, in contrast to much extant literature, statistical analyses revealed few social class or race effects. In light of the present strict methodological controls, it is suggested that previous findings of race and social class differences might have resulted from uncontrolled sampling, procedural, or measurement factors. PMID- 7205207 TI - Aggression and paternal absence: racial-ethnic differences among inner-city boys. AB - Aggression scores were obtained for 132 preadolescent inner-city males to test the hypothesis that paternal absence may differentially influence aggressive behavior. A statistically significant, two-way race by paternal absence interaction (p less than .01) indicated that, when compared to their racial ethnic counterparts living with both parents, father-absent Puerto Ricans were equally as aggressive, father-absent blacks were less aggressive, and father absent whites were more aggressive. Tentative interpretations of these findings were developed with a view to the demographic realities of an American inner city. PMID- 7205208 TI - The effects of pretraining on children's recognition memory for pictures. PMID- 7205209 TI - Preschoolers' success at coding absolute size values. PMID- 7205210 TI - The measurement of self-rated depression: a multidimensional approach. PMID- 7205211 TI - Evaluation of methods for producing renal dysfunction in rats. AB - The following methods for producing renal dysfunction in rats were compared: single-step 5/6th nephrectomy, two-step 5/6th nephrectomy, bilateral ureteral ligation, and uranyl nitrate injection. Control groups consisted of single- and two-step sham-operated animals and animals that received an injection of normal saline solution. The methods were evaluated on the basis of the following criteria, which were assessed daily for 6 days: survival, body weight, hematocrit, serum creatinine concentration, serum urea nitrogen concentration, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity, serum albumin concentration, and serum protein binding of salicylate (determined every other day). Animals with bilateral ureteral ligation survived only 2 days, single-step 5/6th nephrectomy caused a high incidence of fatalities. Some of the methods were associated with the development of hypoalbuminemia, but no significant elevation of transaminase activity occurred. Serum protein binding of salicylate was reduced in rats with renal dysfunction. A strong positive correlation between the creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations in the serum of animals with renal dysfunction (r = 0.91, p less than 0.001) and a negative correlation between the serum albumin concentration and salicylate free fraction (r = -0.71, p less than 0.001) were found. Uranyl nitrate injection has the advantages of technical simplicity, a high survival rate (no deaths in this study), and relatively consistent and sustained diminution of renal function (as reflected by serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations). PMID- 7205212 TI - Physicochemical characteristics of patent blue violet dye. AB - Physicochemical data for patent blue violet dye (I) are reported. The pKa for protonation of the first diethylanilino group was 2.78 +/- 0.03. The absorptivity values calculated for a 1% (w/v) solution of previously dried I at pH 7.4 were 1650, 170, and 250 at 638, 412, and 309 nm, respectively. A table of wavelength maxima and observed solution color as a function of pH and Ho and five spectra of I at certain pH and Ho values are included. The solution chemistry of I is explained, and a scheme showing its two protonated carbonium ions and its triphenylcarbinol derivative is presented. The distribution coefficients of I in n-octanol or chloroform and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer systems were 0.013 and 0.12, respectively. The approximate solubilities at 25 degrees of I in six organic solvents and the solubility analysis of I in distilled water are reported. Results of the latter analysis suggest that I forms a lyotropic mesophase in high aqueous concentrations. Compound I is poorly lipid soluble. Samples of 1.000% I in 0.9% NaCl, formulated with and without 1% (v/v) benzyl alcohol and autoclaving, varied not more than 5% from the initial I content during storage in the dark and under constant fluorescent light at 25 +/- 5 degrees for 20 months. Data from the TLC of I in several eluents indicated a high degree of purity of the dye. The half-lives for the loss of color in 5 X 10(-4)% I solutions in potassium hydroxide solutions of pH 13.7, 12.7, 11.3, and 10.0 were 1.2 hr, 17.0 hr, 9.5 days, and 180 days, respectively. The fraction of I bound to 4% (w/v) human serum albumin at 37 degrees and pH 7.4 ranged from 0.05 to 0.83, corresponding to unbound I in the postdialysis concentration range of 1.7 X 10( 4) to 2.0% (w/v). A Scatchard plot of the albumin binding data of I revealed one high-affinity binding site, K = 6235 M-1, and five low-affinity sites, with average affinity constants of 33 M-1. The data support the fact that the spectrophotometric determination of I at 639 +/- 2 nm appears to comprise a stability-indicating assay. PMID- 7205213 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of liothyronine sodium and levothyroxine sodium in tablet formulations: preliminary studies on dissolution and content uniformity. AB - Levothyroxine sodium was estimated from tablet formulations of levothyroxine sodium and liotrix (liothyronine sodium-levothyroxine sodium combination tablet). The procedures consisted of the addition of 3,3-,5-triiodothyronine as the internal standard to the pulverized sample, followed by an acidic butanol extraction, evaporation, and injection onto a muBondapak reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic column. The eluent was methanol-water phosphoric acid (50:50:0.1), and the effluent was monitored by UV detection at 254 nm. A standard linear calibration curve was obtained for direct standard solutions equivalent to 18-225 micrograms of levothyroxine sodium/tablet. The procedure is sensitive enough for single-tablet analysis. Using this procedure, content uniformity studies were performed on liothyronine sodium tablets, levothyroxine sodium tablets, and liotrix tablets. The procedure also was adapted for conducting dissolution studies on levothyroxine sodium tablets in deionized water using the rotating-paddle method. PMID- 7205214 TI - Synthesis of alkylaminoalkylamides of substituted 2-aminopyrroles as potential local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agents I: alpha-Amines. AB - The synthesis, local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties, and CNS toxicity of 19 2-(2-alkylaminoalkylamido)pyrroles are described. Most of the compounds exhibited local anesthetic activity by the guinea pig wheal test, and four showed activity comparable to or greater than that of lidocaine. Most compounds also exhibited antiarrhythmic activity; five compounds had activity comparable to that of lidocaine, and one was more potent. All compounds exhibiting antiarrhythmic activity also were toxic to the central nervous system. PMID- 7205215 TI - Two-compartment pharmacokinetic models: computer simulations of their characteristics and clinical consequences. AB - Computer simulations of two-compartment models of drug disposition were made. These simulations show how variations in each of the three intercompartmental rate constants are related to altered blood and tissue concentrations. Various simulations following rapid injection or continuous infusion are presented to demonstrate the general behavior of such a pharmacokinetic model. A system of drug classification based on comparative values of a drug's intercompartmental rate constants is proposed, and characteristics and consequences of each class are discussed in terms of possible therapeutic results. PMID- 7205216 TI - Ultrafiltration in serum protein binding determinations. AB - the ultrafiltration technique was evaluated theoretically and experimentally for use in clinical serum binding determinations. It is apparent from free energy considerations that the ultrafiltrate concentration approaches the true free concentration only as the pressure gradient causing flow reduces to zero. The theory presented accounts for the previously unexplained lower ultrafiltrate concentration observed at higher filtration pressures. Mathematical simulations of the molecular separation show that the ultrafiltrate concentration remains constant during filtration, and, thus, binding equilibria are not disturbed by this procedure, suggesting that an arbitrary restriction on the volume filtered is unnecessary. This finding greatly extends the value of the ultrafiltration technique in clinical binding determinations, especially for strongly bound, potent drugs where assays may be insufficiently sensitive to detect the extremely small free fraction reliably. These theoretical findings were verified experimentally by ultrafiltration of salicylate, ibuprofen, and carprofen in buffer, purified proteins, and whole serum. PMID- 7205217 TI - Metabolism of imipramine by microorganisms. AB - The microbial metabolism of imipramine was studied using selected fungal organisms. The major microbial metabolites were isolated, and their structures were established by spectroscopic analyses (particularly 13C-NMR) and by comparison with authentic samples. The microbial metabolites identified included 2-hydroxyimipramine, 10-hydroxyimipramine, iminodibenzyl, imipramine-N-oxide, and desipramine; these metabolites also have been found in mammalian metabolism studies. PMID- 7205218 TI - Metabolism of phencyclidine by microorganisms. AB - A number of microorganisms were screened for their ability to metabolize phencyclidine. Two microorganisms, Beauveria sulfurescens and Cunninghamella echinulata, produced hydroxylated metabolites, which were identified as 1-(1 phenylcyclohexyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine and 4-phenyl-4-piperidinocyclohexanol by high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis. PMID- 7205219 TI - 2,5-Diaziridinyl-3,6-bis(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone I: Kinetics in aqueous solutions by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The application of a rapid, selective, and sensitive reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method to the analysis of 2,5-diaziridinyl-3,6 bis(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (I) and its degradation products is described. The method was used to study the kinetics of degradation of I over pharmaceutically useful pH ranges. The overall reaction rate followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The pH-rate profile demonstrated optimal stability between pH 6.0 and 6.5. The degradation behavior suggests the existence of multiple pathways. The temperature dependence of th disappearance of I also was evaluated from the regression equation derived from the Arrhenius plot. PMID- 7205220 TI - 2,5-Diaziridinyl-3,6-bis(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone II: Isolation and characterization of degradation products. AB - A direct high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was applied to monitor 2,5-diaziridinyl-3,6-bis(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (I) and its degradation products in pharmaceutical vehicles at 25 +/- 0.1 degrees. At the optimal pH for stability of I, an increase in buffer concentration [phosphate and tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane] or ionic strength accelerated degradation. The reaction rate in the solutions studied followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Degradation products were characterized by mass spectrometry after isolation by semipreparative HPLC. Different degradation pathways prevailed in acidic and basic media. The acid-catalyzed reaction resulted in consecutive aziridine ring opening, while the base-catalyzed reaction led to nucleophilic displacement of thie aziridine ring(s). PMID- 7205221 TI - Simultaneous GLC analysis of aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates in pharmaceutical tablet formulations. AB - The analysis of aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates in buffered and plain tablet formulations employing nearly nonaqueous extraction is described. The results obtained compare favorably with those obtained from USP procedures. A simultaneous assay for aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates in buffered tablets involves the use of an acidified chromatographic siliceous earth column for the separation of the aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates from various buffers or antacids. The methods described here have definite advantages over USP XX procedures, and the buffered aspirin tablet procedures also is adaptable to aspirin formulations containing codeine, acetaminophen, propoxyphene, caffeine, and many antihistamines. PMID- 7205222 TI - Extended solubility approach: solubility parameters for crystalline solid compounds. AB - A method is suggested to obtain solubility parameters for crystalline solid compounds involving a quadratic equation based on the original Scatchard Hildebrand solubility expression. The geometric mean delta 1 delta 2, of the Hildebrand approach is replaced by w12 = K delta 1 delta 2, and log alpha 2/(V2 phi 2(2)/2.3RT) is regressed against delta 1 in a second-degree power series for parabens and benzoic acid in a series of normal alcohols. The method provides reasonable solubility parameters for the solid solutes and affords a convenient calculation of the solubility of drugs in a homologous series of solvents. PMID- 7205223 TI - Calculating number and surface area of liposomes in any suspension. AB - Simple formulas for calculating the total surface area and number of liposomes in any liposome population are presented. The necessary parameters for calculating these values are the encapsulation ratio (or efficiency) of the population. When tested on theoretical liposome populations, excellent results are obtained regardless of the heterogeneity of the population. PMID- 7205224 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hydrocortisone cypionate: method development and characterization of chromatographic behavior. AB - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for hydrocortisone cypionate bulk drug and oral solution was developed that avoids the use of a heated column as described in USP XX. A study of the effect of the organic modifier concentration on the capacity factor suggests that mixed partition and adsorption phenomena are responsible for the retention of several steroids when acetonitrile is used in the mobile phase. Evidence is presented that hydrogen bonding of the solute molecule with silane hydroxyl groups may be responsible for the adsorption. PMID- 7205225 TI - Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of racemic 2-amino-N-substituted succinimide derivatives. AB - Several derivatives of (R,S)-2-amino-N-substituted succinimides were synthetized and evaluated in mice against seizures produced by electroshock and pentylenetetrazol. The most active compound against both electroshock- and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures was (R,S)-N-benzyl-2 (methanesulfamido)succinimide. PMID- 7205226 TI - First-pass effect: nonlinear concept comprising an explicit solution of integrated Michaelis-Menten equation. AB - The first-pass effect results from metabolism during the first liver passage of a drug given by mouth. The metabolism is described by the Michaelis-Menten equation, but the integrated form of the Michaelis-Menten equation has no explicit solution for concentration and its handling requires a computer. However, the presented nonlinear equation of the first-pass effect is an explicit integration of the Michaelis-Menten equation and involves only general mathematics. However, the problem of evaluating the Michaelis-Menten constants Vm and Km is not resolved. Therefore, linear equations are also derived, which correspond to previous clearance models. PMID- 7205227 TI - Syntheses and biological evaluation of 2- and 9-aminobenzonorbornenes as conformationally rigid analogs of amphetamines. AB - Isomers of the 2- and 9-aminobenzonorbornenes were prepared as rigid analogs of amphetamine and were employed to study the conformational requirements of indirectly acting sympathomimetic agents. Of this series of isomeric amines, the exo-2 and anti-9 isomers closely resemble the fully extended conformation of amphetamine. The other two amines, the endo-2 and syn-9 isomers, conformationally resemble the folded conformation of amphetamine. The isomers that resemble the extended conformation of amphetamine increased the spontaneous motor activity in mice while the isomers resembling the folded form either decreased or had no effect on motor activity. These compounds also were studied for their ability to accelerate the efflux of tritiated norepinephrine from vesicular and nonvesicular storage sites of isolated perfused rabbit atria; either alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine- or reserpine-pretreated rabbits were used. Amphetamine and the exo-2 and anti-9 isomers of aminobenzonorbornene could accelerate norepinephrine efflux from either compartment while the endo-2 and syn-9 isomers could accelerate the efflux from only the nonvesicular compartment at the concentrations studied. Fenfluramine and methylphenidate also were studied for their ability to accelerate efflux. Fenfluramine and methylphenidate resembled the aminobenzonorbornenes that correspond to the folded conformation of amphetamine in their ability to accelerate the efflux from nonvesicular storage. However, fenfluramine also resembled amphetamine and the aminobenzonorbornenes corresponding to the extended conformation of amphetamine in its ability to accelerate efflux from vesicular storage sites. The response to methylphenidate was similar to that of the aminobenzonorbornenes resembling the folded conformation of amphetamine. PMID- 7205228 TI - Theophylline magnesium salicylate, a new xanthine compound. AB - Interaction of 1 mole of magnesium salicylate and 2 moles of theophylline in water precipitated a crystalline compound, identified as theophylline magnesium salicylate pentahydrate from analytical and supportive physicochemical data. Similarly, barium salicylate and theophylline produced theophylline barium salicylate. No precipitates were formed with calcium salicylate or strontium salicylate under the same conditions. Theophylline magnesium salicylate is not a mixture of components and differs in composition from the known theophylline calcium salicylate dihydrate. Unlike the latter compound, it is not alkaline. PMID- 7205229 TI - Stability-indicating assay for hydrochlorothiazide. AB - A stability-indicating method for determining hydrochlorothiazide in tablet formulations and in the bulk form is described. Hydrochlorothiazide is dissolved or extracted using methanol. An aliquot of the solution, containing sulfadiazine as an internal standard, is chromatographed on a 10 micron C18 column with an aqueous mobile phase containing 5% methanol as the modifier. The pH is adjusted to about 4.5 with acetic acid. The method gave accurate results for nine lots (four different suppliers) of tablets and two bulk drug lots (two different suppliers). The assay has a relative standard deviation of about 1%. The method can also be used as a test for impurities in hydrochlorothiazide. The data in this study indicate that the test should give accurate results for impurities between 0.1 and 5%. PMID- 7205230 TI - Progestin permeation through polymer membrane V: Progesterone release from monolithic hydrogel devices. AB - Progesterone release from monolithic devices prepared from various copolymers of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(methoxyethoxyethyl methacrylate) or poly(methoxyethyl methacrylate) was examined. In general, plots of the fraction of drug released versus (time)1/2 were linear during the early stages of drug release. This behavior is similar to that found for drugs released from hydrophobic polymers such as polydimethyl siloxane. However, for some release curves using the hydrogels, a breakpoint appeared during the early stages of drug release. These breakpoints were due to the effects of water absorption by these polymers. From analyses of permeability coefficients, it was demonstrated that release rates also were dependent on the initial drug load and the equilibrium water content of the polymer. These conclusions were verified from cross-membrane diffusion studies on films depleted of their initial drug load. In conjunction with this work, the aqueous solubility of progesterone was determined by several methods; an average value of 38 micrograms/ml at 23 degrees was obtained. PMID- 7205231 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of viloxazine in human plasma and urine. AB - A rapid, specific, high-pressure liquid chromatographic method is presented for the determination of viloxazine in plasma and urine. This method employs the high sensitivity of fluorescence detection with selective extraction and reversed phase chromatography to measure concentrations as low as 25 ng/ml of plasma and 1.0 microgram/ml of urine. Known metabolites of viloxazine do not interfere with the analysis, and experience with several hundred samples in a bioavailability study demonstrated the applicability and reliability of the method. PMID- 7205232 TI - Bonding mechanisms and hysteresis areas in compression cycle plots. AB - It was shown previously that if compression of a powder is treated in an analogous manner to the compression of a nonporous solid, a plot of the transmitted pressure versus the applied pressure should have a hysteresis area that is linear with respect to the maximally applied pressure if plastic deformation occurs. However, if brittle fracture occurs, the area should be quadratically related to the maximally applied pressure. A series of compounds expected to yield by plastic deformation was tested, and they were found to give the quadratic relationship. Thus, it is indicated experimentally that the assumption made in general in treating compression cycles may be partially invalid. PMID- 7205233 TI - Chlorothiazide absorption from solution and tablet dosage forms in dogs. AB - The bioavailability of an aqueous solution of chlorothiazide and three commercially available chlorothiazide tablets was assessed in adult mongrel dogs. In two crossover urinary excretion studies, six fasting dogs received single 500 mg doses of chlorothiazide as an aqueous solution, one 500-mg originator tablet on two separate occasions (Tablets A-1 and A-2), two 250-mg originator tablets (Tablet B), or one 500-mg generic tablet (Tablet C). 6-Amino-4-chlorobenzene-1,3 disulfonamide )chloraminophenamide), a pharmacologically active hydrolysis product of chlorothiazide was not detected in any urine sample. Urinary recoveries of chlorothiazide after oral administration, expressed as the mean (range) percent of the dose, was only 22.0 (8.41-33.9), 15.7 (10.2-25.0), 20.7 (7.25-31.0), 18.5 (8.72-33.2), and 21.9% (6.69-41.1%) for the aqueous solution and Tablets A-1, A-2, B, and C, respectively. Considerable interindividual variation and some intraindividual variation were observed. No statistically significant difference in bioavailability existed among the aqueous solution and Tablets A-2 and B, between Tablets A-1 and C, and between Tablets A-1 and A-2. PMID- 7205234 TI - Evidence for metabolic inertness of doxycycline. AB - Several conflicting observations in the literature raised considerable doubt about the metabolic fate of doxycycline, which, like other tetracyclines, has been claimed to be metabolically inert. A double liquid chromatographic approach was used in an attempt to demonstrate the polar metabolites and/or conjugates in excreta of human volunteers who ingested the drug. Both ion-exchange and reversed phase chromatography failed to reveal significant by-products in urine and feces, except for minor amounts of 4-epidoxycycline. In addition, enzymatic hydrolysis procedures did not present any evidence of the conjugates. Thus, the different excretion behavior of doxycycline, compared to other analogs, cannot be explained in terms of increased metabolism. PMID- 7205235 TI - GLC assay for lidocaine in human plasma. AB - A simple, rapid, and highly sensitive method for the GLC analysis of plasma lidocaine is described. Mepivacaine hydrochloride is added as the internal standard; the plasma is deproteinated and centrifuged, and the supernate is alkalinized and extracted into a small volume of carbon disulfide. The column is connected to a flame-ionization detector, and the column oven temperature is programmed from 130 to 260 degrees. Plasma lidocaine concentrations between 0.04 and 8.0 micrograms/ml can be measured accurately, and there is no interference from the monoethylglycinexylidide or glycinexylidide metabolites of lidocaine or from many commonly used drugs and diagnostic agents. The sensitivity, simplicity, and speed of this assay are important in pharmacokinetic studies of lidocaine. PMID- 7205236 TI - Calcium binding by arteriographic contrast media. PMID- 7205237 TI - Effect of sampling probe size on dissolution of tableted drug samples. PMID- 7205238 TI - Treatment-relevant subtypes of schizophrenia. AB - The heterogeneity of schizophrenia and the failure of classical subtypes to predict treatment response reliably have led to two contrasting assumptions. The first is that the treatment approach is essentially the same for all schizophrenics. The second is that the treatment needs of schizophrenic patients can be based only on clinical "hunches" or the biases of the therapist, because meaningful criteria for making therapeutic decisions are lacking. Both assumptions tend to discourage careful and critically reasoned treatment planning. This report argues that current knowledge permits the formulation of subtypes that can assist in the rational choice of individualized treatment approaches. It proffers a number of such subtypes and deals with their application to therapeutic decision-making at various phases of the illness. PMID- 7205239 TI - Organizing the complexes of schizophrenia. AB - A wide range of factors contribute to the occurrence of schizophrenia and to its outcome. The complexity to the disorder is further heightened by the several semi independent aspects of function that constitute its course. To provide a structure for dealing with these complexities, this report employs principles of multiaxial diagnosis to begin constructing an operational systems model of schizophrenia. Findings from an intensive qualitative study of schizophrenic subjects are used to develop this model from an empirical base. PMID- 7205240 TI - The place of cooperation in the examination of mental disorder. AB - The problem of cooperation is addressed here in relation to the possible invalidation of experimental and psychometric results produced by either a lack of effort or inability, on the part of subjects, to give the necessary attention to make a sampling of psychological function a fair one. The author draws on findings from a group of psychological tests and experiments conducted at the Worcester State Hospital on schizophrenic and other subjects. A rating system for evaluation cooperation level used at Worcester is discussed, as is the complexity of the cooperation problem. Results are considered in terms of: a) the distribution of cooperation an representativeness among the various psychoses and normal subjects examined; b) correlation of cooperation and representativeness with performance; and c) change in score with change in cooperation on selected tasks where the tests were repeated. Correlations of score and cooperation reached modal levels of .60, and changes in score were generally correlated with cooperation. PMID- 7205241 TI - A psychological profile of the transsexual. II. The female. AB - This research introduced standardized psychological measurement into the clinical assessment of the female transsexual. Twenty females with a presenting complaint of gender dysphoria were carefully screened to ensure high correspondence between their clinical pictures and current nosological concepts of transsexualism. All were administered the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory as a part of their initial clinical work-up, and their profiles were contrasted with those of a comparison group of 143 heterosexual females. Results indicated hypermasculine gender role definitions and fantasy themes among the transsexual group with decrements in terms of sexual information and range of sexual experiences. The transsexual females revealed moderately dysphoric affect profiles but were unremarkable in terms of psychological symptoms. Overall, there was evidence of reductions in sexual drive; however, this result was highly dependent upon which indicator of drive was employed. The opportunity to obtain a systematic psychometric evaluation of this fascinating clinical group is viewed as a significant step in gaining an ultimate understanding of their condition. PMID- 7205242 TI - Social climate perception and depression of patients and staff in a chronic hemodialysis unit. AB - This socioecological study investigates the relationship of depression and social climate perception of patients (N = 59) and staff N = 18) in a chronic hemodialysis unit. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Moos Ward Atmosphere Scale (WAS) Form C revised for dialysis are used for measurement. Patients and staff are found to have significantly dissonant perception of the unit. Patients perceive the environment more negatively than the staff. Depressed patients correlate with Low WAS scores (p less than .03) indicating that depression influences social climate perception. Depressed patient BDI items are correlated with WAS items via a series of Pearson correlation coefficients for a perceptual profile. Discussion is made as to the dysfunctional affects of dissonance, depression, staff denial and withdrawal. Further studies on altering the social ecology of dialysis units as a method for reducing depression and staff turnover rates are called for. PMID- 7205243 TI - Skin conductance characteristics of depressed subjects before and after therapeutic intervention. AB - Three hypotheses were tested in a population of depressed patients: a) electrical skin conductance levels and responses are lower in depressed individuals; b) skin conductance levels and responses are lower in the right hand than the left hand of right-handed depressed individuals; and c) skin conductance levels and responses will increase in magnitude after successful therapeutic intervention. The data supported only the first hypothesis. Results may have implications for a trait vs. state differentiation of the depressive process. PMID- 7205244 TI - The treatment of social phobia. Real-life rehearsal with nonprofessional therapists. AB - Sixteen socially phobic outpatients underwent a 4-week course of social skills training that attempted to maximize rehearsal in real-life settings. The therapy was largely conducted by nonprofessional volunteers after a 2-hour training workshop. It consisted of multiple role-played practice in the clinic, followed immediately by rehearsal in a real-life setting in the company of a nonprofessional therapist and a fellow patient. Subsequently, patients were randomly paired to perform further rehearsals between sessions. Drug therapy was controlled by double blind assignment to propranolol or inert placebo throughout the course of treatment. Measures of specific fears, generalized social anxiety, self-image, and global tension and anxiety were administered 1 month before treatment, immediately before and after treatment, and at 6 months follow-up. During a 4-week drug-free period prior to active treatment no improvement was noted on any measures. After the 4-week treatment period significant improvement had occurred on all outcome measures. Propranolol and placebo subgroups showed very similar results. Treatment gains were sustained at follow-up. It was concluded that repeated behavior rehearsal, both in the clinic and in real life is a cost-effective treatment procedure for many social phobias. The approach is straightforward and can be applied by nonprofessionals, including the patients themselves, after limited training and with minimal supervision. PMID- 7205245 TI - A test of the interference and normal associate bias theories of schizophrenic cognitive deficit. AB - The performances of schizophrenics, psychiatric controls, and normals on No Distractor, Irrelevant Distractor, and Associate Distractor memory tasks matched for length, reliability, and difficulty were compared to evaluate the interference theory and a variation of the normal associates bias theory of schizophrenic thought disorder. The distractors had greater negative impacts on the performances of the schizophrenics than on those of the normals or psychiatric controls. However, the associate distractors did not interfere with the learning of the schizophrenics more than the irrelevant distractors did. The results offer strong support for interference theories of schizophrenic thought disorder, but the hypotheses we developed from Chapman and Chapman's (Disordered Thought in Schizophrenia, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1973) normal associate bias model did not assist in predicting our results. PMID- 7205246 TI - Distribution of catecholamines and serotonin in the rat cerebral cortex: absolute levels and relative proportions. AB - The rat cerebral cortex was dissected in five regions and analyzed for the catecholamines noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine, and for the indoleamine serotonin using sensitive radioenzymatic assay methods with thin-layer chromatography. The noradrenaline concentration was highest in the ventral cortex, lateral to the hypothalamus, had intermediate values for the prefrontal, frontal and parietal cortical areas and was lowest in the occipital cortex. Dopamine levels were also highest in the cortex lateral to the hypothalamus, and moderate in the prefrontal and frontal cortical areas, with the lowest values measured for the occipital cortex. The ratios dopamine/noradrenaline further supports the hypothesis that they are independent transmitters. Traces of adrenaline were measured in all regions examined. The serotonin distribution was found to be non-homogeneous, with the highest values for the prefrontal cortex and ventral cortex lateral to the hypothalamus. The functional significance of these amines and their ratios are discussed in relation to their role as putative modulators of cortical neuronal excitability. PMID- 7205247 TI - Effect of choline on central dopaminergic function in normal subjects. AB - Oral administration of choline (10 g) had no effect on basal serum growth hormone or prolactin concentrations in normal subjects (N = 5). Choline significantly enhanced the increase in growth hormone secretion induced by apomorphine HCl (0.5 mg s.c.). These data suggest that cholinergic mechanisms may enhance hypothalamic pituitary dopaminergic function in man in contrast to their inhibitory effect on dopaminergic function in the basal ganglia. PMID- 7205248 TI - Effect of sleep deprivation on dopamine receptor function in normal subjects. AB - Twenty-four hours sleep deprivation significantly decreased the growth hormone response to the dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine HCl, in five normal men (0.5 mg s.c.) and one woman (0.75 mg s.c.) but had no effect on basal or post apomorphine prolactin concentrations. These results suggest that sleep deprivation decreases the sensitivity of certain central dopamine receptors. The relevance of this finding to the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation is unclear. PMID- 7205249 TI - The effect of intraperitoneal injection of GABA or GHBA on monoamine histofluorescence in the rat brain. AB - Using the Falck-Hillarp histofluorescence method we studied the effect of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) on catecholaminergic (CA) and serotoninergic (5-HT) neurons in the rat brain. Both GABA as well as GHBA enhanced the CA fluorescence in noradrenergic (NA) terminals in the cerebellar cortex, which suggested that the NA content increased in these terminals. GHBA but not GABA also enhanced the fluorescence in dopaminergic (DA) terminals in the neostriatum and limbic structures. No significant changes of fluorescence were found in 5-HT neurons after both compounds. The results obtained suggest that, apart from the known GABA-DA interaction, there exists also a GABA-NA interaction in the cerebellar cortex. PMID- 7205250 TI - Dipteran flight motor pattern: invariabilities and changes during postlarval development. AB - For Calliphora the wingbeat frequency and the underlying motoneuronal activity were recorded during adult life. Wingbeat frequency increases during the ten days following last molt. The activity of motoneurons serving four selected flight muscles (nonfibrillar and fibrillar ones) also increases with age. The motoneuronal activity of young and old flies was analyzed statistically (serial and cross-correlograms, latency and phase histograms). In addition, several wing manipulations were carried out to evaluate the significance of sensory feedback on pattern generation during maturation. These ontogenetic studies suggest a centrally generated motor pattern that (1) is essentially complete with the molt to adulthood, (2) shows a progressive increase in intrinsic activity, and (3) is modulated by sensory feedback from the wing region by the same amount irrespective of age. Similarities in the postlarval development of the flight pattern of neurogenic and myogenic flyers are discussed. PMID- 7205251 TI - The shadow response of the cockroach periplaneta americana. AB - We show that the "escape response" (running) of the cockroach Periplaneta americana is interrupted when the insect runs through a shadow. Shadows were cast by holding an opaque plastic sheet so that the cockroach ran beneath it. In control experiments, a similarly positioned clear plastic sheet was ineffective. Removal of the shadow stimulus allowed running to continue. The likelihood that cockroaches would resume running after removal of the shadow stimulus decreased with the time they were allowed to remain in shadow. PMID- 7205252 TI - A possible neurochemical basis of the central stimulatory effects of pp'DDT. AB - The striatal neurochemical changes induced by pp'DDT (600 mg/kg) in mice were: an increase in the concentration of free ammonia, a decrease in the level of GABA and a reduction in the level of acetylcholine. These changes were maximal 5 h after treatment with pp'DDT, when the animals developed 'severe' convulsions. The convulsions and striatal neurochemical changes were modified to different degrees by barbiturates. Phenobarbitone protected all the animals from pp'DDT-induced convulsions. The levels of striatal acetylcholine and GABA in these animals were within normal limits. Prominal reduced the severity of convulsions in pp'DDT treated animals. The levels of striatal acetylcholine and GABA were significantly lower than control values in these animals. Primidone neither modified the convulsions nor the striatal neurochemical changes in pp'DDT-treated animals. The increase in the concentration of free ammonia, in pp'DDT-treated animals, was not modified by barbiturates. Aminooxyacetic acid raised the GABA level above normal and abolished the convulsions in pp'DDT-treated animals; the level of acetylcholine was within normal limits in these animals. Hydroxylamine produced a similar but less marked effect. Pyridoxine had no effect on convulsions or striatal neurochemical changes induced by pp'DDT. The increase in the concentration of free ammonia in pp'DDT-treated animals was not modified by these agents. It is likely that pp'DDT produced stimulatory effects by increasing the concentration of free ammonia which may be involved in reducing the level of GABA, while changes in the level of acetylcholine may be an effect of pp'DDT induced convulsions. PMID- 7205253 TI - D-Glucose transport in cultured cells of neural origin: the membrane as possible control point of glucose utilization. AB - The function of plasma membrane as control point of glucose metabolism has been studied in confluent monolayer of C1300 neuroblastoma (N2A) and glioma (C6) cells. In neuroblastoma, steady state intracellular glucose concentration reached the extracellular levels, while intracellular contents in C6 glioma cells remained very low. In C6 glial cells the amount of glycogen as source of energy was much higher than that found in C1300 neuroblastoma cells. Influx rates of D glucose in C6 glioma cells were only half those found in neuroblastoma cells. During the influx period (0-40 s) the transport of glucose in these cells did not exceed the phosphorylation rate, whereas a steady, time-dependent increase in glucose content was observed in neuroblastoma cells. While glucose uptake in neuroblastoma cells seems to be regulated at the level of phosphorylating enzymes, the control point in C6 glioma is believed to be membrane transport. PMID- 7205254 TI - Effects of acute and chronic denervation on release of acetylcholinesterase and its molecular forms in rat diaphragms. AB - Hemidiaphragms were removed from rats at various times after intrathoracic transection of the left phrenic nerve and were incubated in organ baths containing 1.5 ml of oxygenated, buffered physiologic saline solution, with added glucose and bovine serum albumin. After incubation, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE: EC 3.1.1.7) activities of the bath fluid and of the muscle were determined. Innervated left hemidiaphragms were found to release 107 units of AChE over a 3-h period, corresponding to 1.9% of their total AChE activity. Denervation led to a rapid loss of AChE from the muscle coincident with a transient increase in the outpouring of enzyme activity into the bath fluid. Thus, 1 day after nerve transection the left hemidiaphragm contained only 68% of the control amounts of AChE activity, but released 140% as much as control. After 3 or 4 days of denervation, the AChE activity of the diaphragm stabilized at 35% of the control value. Release also fell below control by this time, but not as far. One week after denervation the release, 69 units per 3 hr, correspond to 3.3% of the reduced content of AChE activity in the muscle, indicating that denervation caused an increase in the proportion of AChE released. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation showed that 10S AChE accounted for more than 80% of the released enzyme activity at all times. The results did not rule out the possibility, however, that the released enzyme originally stemmed from 4S or 16S AChE in the diaphragms. PMID- 7205255 TI - Effect of intravenous administration of d-lysergic acid diethylamide on subsequent protein synthesis in a cell-free system derived from brain. AB - An initiating cell-free protein synthesis system derived from brain was utilized to demonstrate that the intravenous injection of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to rabbits induced a transient inhibition of translation following a brief stimulatory period. Subfractionation of the brain cell-free system into postribosomal supernatant (PRS) and microsome fractions demonstrated that LSD in vivo induced alterations in both of these fractions. In addition to the overall inhibition of translation in the cell-free system, differential effects were noted, i.e., greater than average relative decreases in in vitro labeling of certain brain proteins and relative increases in others. The brain proteins of molecular weights 75K and 95K, which were increased in relative labeling under conditions of LSD-induced hyperthermia, are similar in molecular weight to two of the major "heat shock" proteins reported in tissue culture systems. Injection of LSD to rabbits at 4 degrees C prevented LSD-induced hyperthermia but behavioral effects of the drug were still apparent. The overall decrease in cell-free translation was still observed but the differential labeling effects were not. LSD appeared to influence cell-free translation in the brain at two dissociable levels: (a) an overall decrease in translation that was observed even in the absence of LSD-induced hyperthermia and (b) differential labeling effects on particular proteins that were dependent on LSD-induced hyperthermia. PMID- 7205256 TI - Abnormality of long-chain fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin from patients with adrenoleukodystrophy. AB - We have devised an analytical method for the determination of fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin by chemical ionization mass spectrometry combined with capillary column gas-liquid chromatography. Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin from 8 patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and 16 healthy controls were examined by this method. The ratio of hexacosanoic acid (C26:0) to docosanoic acid (C22:0) in erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin from ALD patients was 2.6-fold higher than that of the controls. This result suggests that biochemical diagnosis of ALD is possible by the analysis of fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin. Furthermore, it demonstrates that biochemical abnormality in ALD is the generalized abnormal metabolism of very long-chain saturated fatty acids. PMID- 7205257 TI - The human platelet as a model for the glutamatergic neuron: platelet uptake of L glutamate. AB - L-Glutamate uptake into human platelets revealed two components: a high-affinity system (KmH = 3.1 microM), which was sodium-dependent, and a low-affinity site (Km = 88 microM) displaying temperature rather than sodium dependency. These kinetic properties were similar to those found in crude synaptosomal preparations and brain slices. However, Vmax values were far higher in brain (VmaxH = 325 +/- 96, VmaxL = 3759 +/- 1116 pmol/mg wet weight per min) than in platelets (VmaxH = 14 +/- 6, VmaxL = 313 +/- 63 pmol/mg platelet protein per 10 min), indicating a denser population in brain than in platelets of qualitatively similar sites. Pharmacological analysis substantiated the resemblance of nerve endings and platelets: the specific uptake inhibitors threo-3-hydroxy-DL-aspartate and DL aspartate-beta-hydroxamate as well as D- and L-glutamate and L-aspartate showed similar--though not identical-- IC50 values in both preparations; a spectrum of compounds devoid of inhibitory effects in synaptosomes also did not interfere with glutamate uptake in platelets. Uptake parameters were studied in a population of human volunteers to determine the variability of platelet glutamate uptake. Whole blood could be stored up to 6 h after venipuncture without any appreciable change in experimental values. Percentage of variation between 0.09 and 0.28 for three repetitive (weekly) assays in single subjects indicated that glutamate uptake measurements in human platelets are sufficiently suited for future clinical studies. PMID- 7205258 TI - Effect of estrogen on denervated muscle. AB - The rate of increase of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in denervated rat extensor digitorum longus muscle shows sexual dimorphism. This phenomenon is further investigated in this report by assessing the effects of ovariectomy, hypophysectomy, hormone replacement therapy, and treatment with an estrogen antagonist , MER-25. The data demonstrate that physiologic doses of estrogens enhance the rate and extent of the increase in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity after denervation. The data further indicate that aromatization of androgens may be a significant source of estrogen involved in hormonal modulation of the neural control of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and other processes in muscle. Furthermore, choline acetyltransferase activity, a marker for the neuromuscular synapse, decreased in rat extensor digitorum longus muscles after denervation, but was unaffected by ovariectomy. PMID- 7205259 TI - A more sensitive radioimmunoassay for neuron-specific enolase suitable for cerebrospinal fluid determinations. AB - Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and non-neuronal enolase (NNE) have been shown to be highly specific neuronal and glial products respectively and are therefore useful as biochemical markers of the two major cell types in the vertebrate central nervous system. An iodinated radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for human NSE (NSE-H) with approximately 50-fold greater sensitivity than the previously available tritiated assay is described. This assay is capable of detecting 100 pg of NSE-H per assay. NSE levels in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which were previously undetectable with the tritiated RIA are now easily measured and have been shown to be approximately 2 ng/ml of CSF. Furthermore, results obtained with the newly described assay procedure on more concentrated brain tissue extracts are comparable to the tritiated RIA. The iodinated NSE RIA is also shown to be capable of accurately detecting added amounts of NSE in human CSF, indicating the potential clinical usefulness of this assay in determining elevated levels of NSE in CSF. PMID- 7205260 TI - A synaptosomal preparation from the guinea pig ileum myenteric plexus. AB - Our interest in investigating the presynaptic modulation of acetylcholine release led to the development of a synaptosomal preparation from the guinea pig ileum myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle. A crude synaptosomal fraction (P2) was obtained by homogenization and differential centrifugation. The preparation exhibited a specific uptake system for choline and for noradrenaline (NA), but not for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Synaptosomes were isolated from this P2 fraction by an isoosmotic density gradient prepared from sucrose and metrizamide. The resultant synaptosomal fraction was enriched about sevenfold in both choline uptake and in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Choline was transported by a high affinity system was a Km of 6.5 X 10(-7) M and a Vmax of 41 pmol/mg protein/min. Electron microscopy confirmed the synaptosomal nature of the gradient fraction. Some synaptosomal profiles contained only small, translucent vesicles whereas others also contained large (approx. 100 nm diameter) electron-opaque vesicles. The crude synaptosomal fraction synthesized acetylcholine (ACh) from exogenous choline and it released the synthesized ACh in a calcium-dependent manner. PMID- 7205261 TI - Effect of inorganic lead on rat brain mitochondrial respiration and energy production. AB - Toxicologically significant amounts of inorganic lead were added to rat brain mitochondrial preparations that did not contain EDTA or Pi. The binding of the lead to the mitochondria was measured by anodic stripping voltometry. In the presence of lead, the respiratory control ratios decreased, implying a decrease in the degree of dependence of respiration on a phosphate acceptor. Nucleotide contents were also measured, and in the presence of inorganic lead the actual amounts of ATP formed from ADP were found to be significantly decreased as well. PMID- 7205263 TI - Dopamine receptors in subcellular fractions from bovine caudate: enrichment of [3H]spiperone binding in a postsynaptic membrane fraction. PMID- 7205262 TI - Uptake, release, and metabolism of D- and L-alpha-aminoadipate by rat cerebral cortex. AB - Accumulation of L-alpha-aminoadipate by rat cerebral cortical slices is a stereospecific and Na+-dependent process. The uptake of this compound is also temperature-dependent, with a Km of 1.6 X 10(-4)M for the high-affinity system. D alpha-Aminoadipate has characteristics similar to those displayed by the L-isomer but to a lesser degree. L-Glutamate and L-aspartate inhibit the uptake of L-alpha aminoadipate. D- and L-alpha-Aminoadipate are, respectively, weak uncompetitive and weak competitive inhibitors for the uptake of L-glutamate and L-aspartate. Both enantiomers inhibit GABA uptake but in quite different ways. The release of L-alpha-aminoadipate from the cerebral cortical slices is stimulated by a high concentration of K+ ions in the presence of Ca2+ in the perfusion buffer; the D isomer displays this property to a lesser degree. The omission of Ca2+ markedly reduces the release of these two compounds. Less than 10% of the preloaded D- and L-alpha-aminoadipate are metabolized by the cerebral cortex during 40 min of superfusion. The possibility of L-alpha-aminoadipate as a neurotransmitter candidate is discussed. PMID- 7205264 TI - Norepinephrine metabolism in man using deuterium labelling: the conversion of 4 hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol to 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid. AB - 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (HMPG) labelled with three deuterium atoms was used to study the disposition of peripherally administered HMPG. Five healthy men were given an intravenous pulse dose of 4.3 mumol of labelled HMPG and subsequent plasma and urine levels of endogenous and labelled HMPG as well as those of 4 hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (HMMA, VMA) were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, using selected ion detection. Approximately 40% of the injected amount of deuterium-labelled HMPG was recovered in the urine as HMMA and another 40% was eliminated as HMPG conjugates. Thus, the HMPG formed from norepinephrine either in the central or peripheral nervous system undergoes both conjugation and extensive oxidation. PMID- 7205265 TI - Lumiflavin and lumichrome transport in the central nervous system. AB - The transport of the lipid-soluble sugarless flavins, [14C]lumiflavin and [14C]lumichrome, into an from the isolated choroid plexus and brain slices was studied in vitro. The isolated choroid plexus accumulated both [14C]flavins by a saturable, energy-requiring process that did not depend on binding or intracellular metabolism of the [14C]flavins. Both sugar-containing and sugarless flavins, as well as cyclic organic acids, significantly inhibited [14C]lumiflavin and [14C]lumichrome uptake by the isolated choroid plexus. Within 2.5 min, 75% of the [14C]lumiflavin accumulated by the isolated choroid plexus was released into the medium. Brain slices accumulated [14C]lumiflavin by a saturable process that did not meet all the criteria for active transport. Ninety-five percent of the [14C]lumiflavin accumulated by brain slices was released into the medium within 7.5 min. In vivo, 2 h after the intraventricular injection of 6.5 nmol [14C]lumiflavin, almost all of the [14C]flavin was cleared from the CNS. Addition of 3.5 mumol FMN to the intraventricular injectate significantly decreased the clearance of [14C]lumiflavin from the CNS. These studies document that the sugarless flavins are transported by the flavin transport systems in the CNS. PMID- 7205266 TI - Brain carbohydrate metabolism in developing rats during hypercapnia. AB - Brain glucose metabolism was studied in developing rats at ages 10 and 20 days postnatal under normal and hypercapnic conditions. Brains were removed and frozen within 1 s with a freeze-blowing apparatus. Glucose utilization was measured with [2-14C]glucose and [3H]deoxyglucose as tracers. Metabolites were determined by standard enzymatic techniques. Data from [3H]deoxyglucose phosphorylation indicated that normal brain glucose utilization increased almost threefold between the 10th and 20th postnatal days. From the relative rates of utilization of the two isotopes in the 20-day-old control group, it appeared that about 25% of 14C label derived from metabolism of [2-14C]glucose was lost from brain (probably as lactate) rather than entering the Krebs cycle. Under hypercapnic conditions (20% CO2-21% O2-59% N2), rates of glucose utilization by brain were decreased by one-half at both ages and there were progressive decreases in the concentrations of many intermediary metabolites. The bases for concluding that these metabolites were used to supplement glucose as a fuel for respiration, rather than being lost by leakage into blood, are discussed. Despite the differences in brain glucose metabolism between 10-day-old and 20-day-old rats, their responses to hypercapnia are remarkably similar: Rates of glucose utilization are reduced to approximately the same proportion of the original rate by 20% CO2, and endogenous metabolites (particularly glutamate and lactate) appear to be oxidized as replacement fuels. PMID- 7205267 TI - Free fatty acid composition of human and rat peripheral nerve. AB - The free fatty acid (FFA) composition of peripheral nerve resembles that of erythrocytes but the composition of both is different from that of brain and other tissues. Approximately 75% of FFAs of nerve and erythrocytes are saturated and less than 5% are polyunsaturated whereas in brain and other tissues, 30-45% of FFAs are saturated and 25-50% are polyunsaturated. Approximately 10-15% of the total FFA of nerve have very long chain lengths [C24, C26, C28, and C30]. The presence of these very long-chain FFAs in endoneurium cannot be accounted for by the retention of erythrocytes or by lipid degradation. During Wallerian degeneration a significant increase of 18:1, associated with a decrease of saturated FFAs, was found in rat sciatic endoneurium, but normal values were approached when fiber regeneration was well under way. The FFA composition with chain length greater than or equal to C26 were not, however, significantly altered with degeneration or repair of nerves. The metabolic significance of this striking difference between nerve and brain FFA composition is unknown but may reflect different functional properties. PMID- 7205268 TI - Sulfur amino acid metabolism in the developing rhesus monkey brain: subcellular studies of the methylation cycle and cystathionine beta-synthase. AB - The subcellular distributions of the enzymes associated with the methylation and cystathionine-synthesizing portion of the sulfur amino acid metabolic pathway have been determined in the occipital lobe of the rhesus monkey. 5 Methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase and 5, 10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activities are located mainly in the soluble compartment. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity is located primarily in mitochondria. Cystathionine beta-synthase is a soluble enzyme with a significant component occluded within the nerve endings. Glycine, serine, and cystathionine increase per gram of tissue during development. Glycine and serine are approximately 30% occluded within the nerve endings. These data are consistent with a localization of sulfur amino acid metabolism that supports a differential compartmentation of potential neurotransmitter function and methylation function in the primate. PMID- 7205269 TI - Preparation of porcine neurophysin proteins by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The crude neurophysin containing extract from posterior lobes of porcine pituitaries was roughly purified by gel chromatography. 15 mg of the lyophilized neurophysin complex were completely separated by HPLC yielding in neurophysin I1 (3.6 mg), I2 (4.0 mg) and III (1.9 mg). All of the neurophysins were homogeneous by PAGE and SDS-electrophoresis, isoelectrofocussing, amino-acid composition and N- and C-terminal amino acid analysis. In conclusion, HPLC is a reliable and quick method for the preparation of pure neurophysins. PMID- 7205270 TI - The structural specificity of choline transport into cholinergic nerve terminals. AB - The accumulation of choline, homocholine, and 4-hydroxybutyltrimethylammonium by rat brain synaptosomes was measured; the choline uptake mechanism transported homocholine but not hydroxybutyltrimethylammonium, which, in addition, did not block choline accumulation. In cats' superior cervical ganglia, preganglionic nerve stimulation increased the accumulation of homocholine, but not that of hydroxybutyltrimethylammonium. It is concluded that the substrate specificity of the choline transport mechanism is such that increasing the N--O atom distance by one methylene group retains affinity, but increasing this distance by two methylene groups does not. PMID- 7205271 TI - Oxidation of beta-phenylethylamine by both types of monoamine oxidase: examination of enzymes in brain and liver mitochondria of eight species. AB - beta-Phenylethylamine (PEA) was characterized as a substrate for type A and type B monoamine oxidase (MAO) in brain and liver mitochondria of eight species at different substrate concentrations. In all species, at 10.0 microM, PEA was almost specific for type B MAO. At 1000 microM, however, the amine was common for both types of MAO in rat brain and liver, human brain and liver, mouse brain, guinea pig brain and liver, and bovine brain, while it was specific for type B MAO in mouse liver, rabbit brain and liver, bovine liver, pig brain and liver, and chicken brain and liver. From the present study, when PEA is used as a type B substrate, it is recommended that the substrate concentration should be sufficiently low to avoid the effects of species and tissue differences. PMID- 7205272 TI - Ibotenic acid analogues as inhibitors of [3H]glutamic acid binding to cerebellar membranes. AB - The L-[3H]glutamic acid binding capability of rat cerebellar membranes prepared with or without preincubation at 37 degrees C followed by washing was investigated. The two preparations (KD = 820 nM, Bmax = 54.5 pmol/mg protein; KD = 509 nM, Bmax = 13.0 pmol/mg protein) showed no difference in specificity of the binding of the ibotenic acid analogues, consistent with the removal of an endogenous inhibitor by the preincubation at 37 degrees C followed by washing. The order of potency of the ibotenic acid analogues as inhibitors of L [3H]glutamic acid binding is different from the order of potency in vivo, suggesting that the binding sites found are different from the physiological glutamic acid receptor. PMID- 7205273 TI - Protein synthesis in rat brain microvessels decreases with aging. AB - The synthesis of protein by brain microvessels prepared from rats 4, 15, and 21 months of age was examined in organ culture. The rate of [35S]methionine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble protein was lower in the vessels from older animals. These decreases were not dependent on the concentration of added methionine. Differences in protein synthesis could not be accounted for by specific peptidases in the incubation mixture. Polypeptide bands corresponding to actin and to the heavy and light chains of myosin were observed among the newly synthesized proteins following electrophoresis and autoradiography of the incubation mixture on polyacrylamide gels. The pattern of proteins synthesized, however, did not appear to vary significantly between young and old animals. Age-related decreases in the synthesis of vascular proteins may contribute, in part, to some of the changes in the mechanical and functional properties of blood vessels during aging. PMID- 7205274 TI - A gas chromatographic method for the determination of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid, N acetyl-alpha-aspartylglutamic acid and beta-citryl-L-glutamic acid and their distributions in the brain and other organs of various species of animals. AB - A simple and sensitive gas-chromatographic method for the determination of N acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NA-Asp), N-acetyl-alpha-aspartylglutamic acid (NA-Asp Glu) and beta-citryl-L-glutamic acid (beta-CG) was developed. The organ, regional and phylogenetic distributions of these compounds were studied. NA-Asp and NA-Asp Glu were highly concentrated in nervous tissue, and less than 1% of the amounts in the nervous tissues were found in non-nervous organs. These two compounds showed a reciprocal relationship in their regional distribution in mature brains, but such a relationship was not evident or was even reversed in immature brains. The two compounds also showed different developmental changes in different regions of the brain. Fish brain contained a relatively high concentration of NA Asp, but only a trace amount of NA-Asp-Glu. By contrast, a 10 times higher concentration of NA-Asp-Glu than NA-Asp was found in frog brain. Reptilian brain contained similar amounts of each compound. Avian and mammalian brain had NA-Asp at a roughly 10 times higher concentration than NA-Asp-Glu. beta-CG occurred at the highest concentration in the immature brain of rat and guinea pig, but disappeared in the mature brains. The adult frog brain, however, contained a large amount of beta-CG. In the adult rat, testis contained the highest concentration of beta-CG. PMID- 7205275 TI - Lipid composition in ganglia of Mollusca. AB - The aim of the present study is to ascertain lipid composition in the ganglia of Mollusca. Nervous ganglia in the periesophageal ring dissected from Helix pomatia, Lymnaea stagnalis, Murex trunculus and Murex brandaris were studied by biochemical and histochemical procedures. Glycosphyngolipids are present mainly as sulpholipid; sialic acid and gangliosides are not present as revealed by Svennerholm's reaction and TLC separation. The phospholipid/cholesterol ratios are: 0.47 (Helix), 0.42 (Lymnaea), 0.86 (Murex brandaris) and 1.01 (Murex trunculus). PMID- 7205276 TI - Tubulin synthesis in rat forebrain: studies with free and membrane-bound polysomes. AB - Free and membrane-bound polysomes were prepared from rat forebrain and added to a cell-free system containing rabbit reticulocyte factors and L-[35S]methionine. The translation products were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. The free polysomes synthesized actin and at least four major tubulin subunits (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2) that are found in rat forebrain cytoplasm. The membrane-bound polysomes synthesized predominantly one protein (MB) in the tubulin region of the two-dimensional gel. MB has a molecular weight and isoelectric point similar to alpha-tubulin. Only trace amounts of alpha- and beta-tubulin and action were synthesized by the membrane-bound polysomes. MB co-purified with cytoplasmic tubulin after two cycles of aggregation and disaggregation. MB synthesized in vitro (from membrane bound polysomes) and alpha- and beta-tubulin and actin subunits (synthesized from free polysomes) were digested with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and the resulting peptides were separated by slab gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. The peptide pattern of MB was similar but not identical to the peptide patterns of alpha- and beta-tubulin; MB yielded peptides not found in tubulin. We conclude that membrane-bound polysomes from rat forebrain do not synthesize significant amounts of the predominant tubulin subunits synthesized by free polysomes. A major protein (MB) is synthesized by membrane-bound polysomes and is similar, but not identical, to alpha-tubulin synthesized by free polysomes on the basis of molecular weight, isoelectric point, and peptide analysis. PMID- 7205277 TI - Phosphorylation of adrenal medulla cell proteins in conjunction with stimulation of catecholamine secretion. AB - Enhanced phosphorylation of two specific protein bands accompanied catecholamine secretion from cultured bovine adrenal medulla cells stimulated by different secretagogues. Cells preincubated with 32Pi were treated with nicotine, veratridine, Ionomycin, or barium. Each of these secretagogues stimulated the phosphorylation of two protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 60,000 and 95,000. Phosphorylation of the 60,000 M. W. protein band was two- to threefold higher than that of the 95,000 M. W. band on stimulation with nicotine, veratridine, or barium, but Ionomycin stimulated phosphorylation of each protein band to the same extent. In general, the increase in phosphorylation was most rapid during the first minute of stimulation and occurred prior to detectable secretion. Phosphorylation reached a relatively constant level within 5 min after onset of stimulation at a time when catecholamine release was still proceeding at a rapid rate. Nicotine-stimulated phosphorylation and catecholamine secretion were calcium-dependent and blocked by d-tubocurarine, whereas tetrodotoxin inhibited veratridine-stimulated secretion and phosphorylation. We conclude that catecholamine secretion and protein phosphorylation occur under similar conditions and that Ca2+-dependent incorporation of phosphate into specific proteins may be a link in stimulus-secretion coupling. PMID- 7205278 TI - Occurrence and properties of phospholipases A1 of plasma membranes prepared from neuronal- and glial-enriched fractions of the rabbit cerebral cortex. AB - Exogenously added glycerophosphatides, specifically radioactively labelled either in the 1 or in the 2 position, were used to investigate the occurrence and properties of phospholipase A1 in plasma membranes prepared from neuronal- and glial-enriched fractions of rabbit brain. Phospholipase A1 activity was maximal at pH values ranging between 8.0 and 9.0 for the plasma membranes of both cell types. The enzyme activity was most abundant in the microsomal fraction, with a neuronal/glial ratio of about 2. The plasma membranes displayed about half the enzymic activity of the microsomal fraction, whereas only small amounts of phospholipase A1 were present in the neuronal and glial mitochondria. Investigations on the substrate specificity showed a different pattern for the enzyme of neuronal and glial origin. The release of labelled fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine by the neuronal plasma membrane phospholipase A1 decreased with increasing degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids at the 1 position. The presence of plasmalogens and plasmalogen precursors in the incubation mixture appreciably inhibited the hydrolysis of the corresponding diacyl compounds. PMID- 7205279 TI - Rat brain and plasma norepinephrine glycol metabolites determined by gas chromatography-mass fragmentography. AB - A gas chromatographic-mass fragmentographic (GC-MF) procedure is described for the simultaneous quantitation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DHPG) and 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) in brain tissue and plasma. DHPG and MHPG were assayed as their respective acetyl-trifluoroacyl esters, using [2H2]DHPG and [2H3]MHPG as internal standards. Assay sensitives of at least 1 ng per sample were attainable for the quantitation of free glycols, whereas for determination of total DHPG, assay sensitivity was 2.5 ng. Whole rat brain total (99.2 +/- 4.11 ng/g) and free (13.0 +/- 1.14 ng/g) DHPG concentrations were similar to respective total (86.0 +/- 3.70 ng/g) and free (12.3 +/- 0.41 ng/g) MHPG levels. Total DHPG concentrations exceeded total MHPG levels in hypothalamus (3.0:1), midbrain (1.4:1), pons plus medulla (1.3:1), and hippocampus (1.5:1), whereas in other brain regions the levels of these metabolites were similar. In plasma, however, total DHPG levels were only 20% as high as MHPG concentrations. In mouse brain, DHPG and MHPG occurred almost entirely in free form (greater than 90%), but total DHPG levels were only 50% as high as respective MHPG concentrations. These results emphasize the substantial formation of DHPG compared with MHPG in rat and mouse brain and suggest that DHPG formation and efflux may be of equal or greater importance than MHPG in the metabolic clearance of CNS norepinephrine in some species. PMID- 7205280 TI - Postmortem stability of brain 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol in the rat and mouse. AB - To assess the postmortem stability of brain 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DHPG) levels, groups of rats and mice were killed by cervical dislocation and left at either 21 degrees or 4 degrees C for intervals of up to 24 h until removal and freezing of whole brain. Whole brain free and total MHPG and DHPG levels were determined simultaneously by gas chromatography-mass fragmentography (GC-MF). By 2 h death, statistically significant decrements occurred in rat brain free DHPG (20%), total MHPG (21%), and total DHPG (11%) at 4 degrees C, but free MHPG increased significantly (50%) compared with controls. At 21 degrees C, rat brain total MHPG increased compared with controls at 2 h (15%) but decreased at 4 h (15%) and 8 h (15%), whereas free MHPG levels were increased at these times. Although brain total and conjugated DHPG levels showed little change, free DHPG levels were reduced at all times. In mouse brain no significant changes occurred in free MHPG and DHPG by 24 h at 4 degrees C. At 21 degrees C, mouse brain DHPG levels decreased whereas MHPG concentrations increased over the 8-h period of study. These findings demonstrate the occurrence of significant postmortem time- and temperature-dependent changes in brain MHPG and DHPG concentrations and indicate caution in the interpretation of changes in these metabolites in studies employing human postmortem brain tissue. PMID- 7205281 TI - Noncompetitive amine uptake inhibition by the new antidepressant pridefine. AB - Pridefine (AHR-1118) is a pyrrolidine derivative with clinically established antidepressant efficacy. Previous work from this laboratory indicates that pridefine is a reuptake blocker of catecholamines and serotonin with weak releasing activity. This study characterized the mode of amine uptake inhibition by pridefine as noncompetitive. The uptake experiments were performed utilizing ouabain instead of zero-degree controls to differentiate between the passive and active components of uptake. Furthermore, the passive component was resolved into diffusion and binding of substrate. Correction was made for the effects of ouabain on binding. Kinetic constants determined from Lineweaver-Burk plots were: Km = 3 X 10(-7) M for NE, Km = 9 X 10(-8) M for DA, and Km = 3 X 10(-8) M for 5 HT. Dixon analyses of uptake at various pridefine concentrations indicated noncompetitive inhibition with Ki = 2.5 X 10(-6) M for NE uptake, Ki = 2.0 X 10( 6) M for DA uptake, and Ki = 1 X 10(-5) M for 5-HT uptake. These constants compare well IC50 values for the same transmitters: NE, IC50 = 2.4 X 10(-6) M; DA, IC50 = 2.8 X 10(-6) M; 5-HT, IC50 = 1.0 X 10(-5) M. The in vitro results indicate that pridefine is relatively specific as a catecholamine uptake blocker. It differs from tricyclic antidepressants which are reportedly competitive inhibitors of monoamine uptake. The possible mechanisms by which pridefine acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor are discussed. PMID- 7205282 TI - Effect of malnutrition and subsequent rehabilitation on the development of mouse brain myelin. AB - Malnutrition in mice from birth resulted in myelin of brain having higher than normal molar proportions of cholesterol and phospholipids relative to a molar unit of cerebroside + sulphatide. This was found at all ages between 20 and 60 days, and the molar ratio of these lipids in older animals was comparable to that in the younger controls. The phospholipid and the ganglioside patterns were also immature for age. The phospholipid composition was characterized by lower molar proportions of ethanolamine phosphoglyceride (EPG) and sphingomyelin (SPh) and higher proportion of choline phosphoglyceride (CPG), and the ganglioside pattern was characterized by higher molar proportions of the disialogangliosides GD1a and GD1b and markedly lower proportion of the monosialoganglioside GM1. Malnutrition imposed from 30 days of age did not affect the contents of the major lipids (and so their molar ratio), but within the phospholipids there was a small but significant deficit of SPh, which was compensated by a higher content of CPG. The ganglioside pattern was as if the animals were malnourished from birth. Nutritional rehabilitation up to 60 days of age subsequent to malnutrition for the first 30 days fully corrected the ganglioside pattern, but not the molar ratio, of the major lipids (because of persistent deficit in cerebroside + sulphatide) and the composition of the phospholipids (because of small but significant deficit of SPh). The results indicate that malnutrition instituted at any time during the entire programme of myelination can affect one or other aspect of myelin development, and nutritional rehabilitation of animals malnourished in early life cannot fully correct this developmental gap. PMID- 7205283 TI - Effects of conformationally restrained analogues of serotonin on its uptake and binding in rat brain. AB - Two series of serotonin analogues, in which the side chain amino group is constrained in the gauche or trans conformation, were utilized to study the preferred conformation of serotonin for interaction with two different neuronal sites. 6-Hydroxytetrahydro-beta-carboline and 6-hydroxy-3 aminotetrahydrocarbazole were found to be potent inhibitors of serotonin uptake into hypothalamic synaptosomes, with IC50 values of 0.13 microM for each analogue. The type of inhibition, as determined by Dixon plots, was found to be competitive, with Ki's of 3.0 X 10(-8) M and 4.6 X 10(-8) M for the beta carboline and carbazole derivatives, respectively. Methoxylation or lack of a hydroxy group at the 6 position of the carbazole derivative did not alter inhibitory potency, while methoxy or benzyloxy substitution decreased potency 22- to 326-fold. The serotonin analogues were 20 to 30 times less potent in inhibiting the synaptosomal transport of the catecholamines. With regard to [3H]serotonin binding to membranes obtained from brain homogenates, both analogues exhibited poor affinity compared with the transmitter. However, the beta-carboline derivative was three times as potent as the carbazole analogue. These findings and earlier ones with regard to the effect of the serotonin analogues on brain monoamine oxidase activity support the idea that serotonin analogues interact differentially with the three different serotonergic sites examined. PMID- 7205284 TI - Alterations of acetylcholine and choline metabolism in mammalian preparations treated with beta-bungarotoxin. AB - We have studied the effects of beta-bungarotoxin on acetylcholine and choline metabolism in central and peripheral cholinergic preparations using a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for acetylcholine and choline. In contrast with previous reports, beta-Bungarotoxin did not inhibit the high affinity uptake of labeled choline or the synthesis of acetylcholine in rat brain synaptosomal fractions. However, the toxin did cause a significant increase of medium choline when it was incubated with synaptosomal fractions. This increase of endogenous choline in the medium may account for the previously reported inhibition of choline uptake because of a dilution of the specific activity of the labeled choline in the medium. Several experiments are reported in which a further characterization was made of the effect of beta-bungarotoxin on medium choline. beta-Bungarotoxin was also shown to cause a large increase of acetylcholine release from rat brain minces and a depletion of the acetylcholine content of minces. A similar phenomenon was found in diaphragm preparations that were exposed continuously to beta-bungarotoxin. However, diaphragms that were treated for only 30 min with toxin showed the previously reported increase of acetylcholine content. beta-bungarotoxin did not have any measurable effect on acetylcholine turnover in smooth muscle preparations from guinea pig ileum. These results help to explain certain inconsistencies in the literature regarding the action of beta-bungarotoxin. PMID- 7205285 TI - The preparation of biologically active messenger RNA from human postmortem brain tissue. AB - Messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted from human postmortem brain tissue by alkaline phenol extraction of polysomes followed by oligo (dT)-cellulose chromatography. The mRNA preparations stimulated protein synthesis in a cell-free system containing wheat germ homogenate. The products of protein synthesis were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These analyses indicated that numerous polypeptides, including tubulin subunits and actin isomers, were synthesized by the human mRNA. The molecular weight range of polypeptides synthesized by human mRNA fractions from two brain specimens were identical, and analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated qualitatively similar products. The yield of mRNA extracted per gram of human tissue was less than the yield obtained with rat forebrains from animals sacrificed immediately before brain removal and mRNA purification. A decrease in the amount of polysomes isolated from human tissue relative to rat brain tissue was a major factor contributing to the low yield. The molecular weight distribution of polypeptides synthesized by human and rat brain mRNA fractions in wheat germ homogenate was similar; thus, there was no indication for selective breakdown or inactivation of high molecular weight mRNA species in the human tissue. Our studies indicate that it is possible to utilize postmortem tissue for molecular biological investigations of human brain mRNA. PMID- 7205289 TI - Ischaemic neuropathy of the lumbosacral plexus following intragluteal injection. AB - A lesion of the lumbo sacral plexus may result from an inadvertent intra-arterial injection of vasotoxic drugs into one of the gluteal arteries. Symptoms and follow-up of three cases are reported. The neuropathy is attributed to a toxic endarteritis with retrograde propagation of spasm and thrombosis. Swelling an bluish discoloration of the buttocks ("embolia cutis medicamentosa") as well as an impaired circulation in the homolateral leg are associated with the neurological syndrome in fully developed cases and makes possible a correct diagnosis. PMID- 7205287 TI - Electrophysiological cross section of the motor unit. AB - A new technique to investigate the motor unit organisation in man is described. By moving an EMG electrode through the motor unit a continuous scan or "electrophysiological cross section" is obtained. Computer processing methods are used for analysis and display. Examples are shown from healthy subjects and from patients with neuromuscular diseases. PMID- 7205288 TI - Macro EMG, a new recording technique. AB - A new electromyographic technique for the study of the motor unit is described. A modified single fibre EMG electrode is used. The electrical activity obtained by the electrode shaft during voluntary muscle contraction is averaged after triggering from a single muscle fibre action potential and the contribution from one motor unit is thus extracted. This "Macro EMG" signal gives information about the whole motor unit in contrast to the regional or focal electrical activity measured by conventional or single fibre EMG recordings, respectively. PMID- 7205286 TI - The inactivation of gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase in dissociated neuronal cultures from spinal cord. AB - It had previously been shown that dissociated cell cultures from chick embryo spinal cord have a high affinity uptake system for the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and make functional inhibitory synaptic contacts as determined by electrophysiology (Farb et al., 1979). It is shown here that these cultures can synthesize GABA from added glutamate in a glutamate decarboxylase dependent reaction. Furthermore, these cultures have a functional GABA transaminase that degrades the neurotransmitter. This enzyme can be specifically and irreversibly blocked with gabaculine. A 15 min incubation with 10(-6) M gabaculine completely inactivates the enzyme. The inactivation of the enzyme leads to an increase in GABA levels. Long-term incubation (16 days) of gabaculine in the medium does not appear to alter high affinity GABA transport, suggesting that the drug is not toxic to cells capable of accumulating GABA. PMID- 7205290 TI - Peripheral and central somatosensory nerve conduction defects in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - Somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded over the clavicle, cervical spine, mastoid processes and the hand area of the contralateral somatosensory cortex to median nerve stimulation in 22 cases of Friedreich's ataxia. There was a marked attenuation of the clavicular potential, but little evidence of delay of this or the major cervical component. A dispersed and delayed cortical response was therefore suggestive of slowed conduction in central pathways. The cortical response was shown to be mediated by peripheral fibres with normal conduction velocity between stimulation sites at the wrist and the elbow. PMID- 7205291 TI - A silent period in orbicularis oculi muscles of humans. AB - Surface electromyographic activity was recorded bilaterally from orbicularis oculi muscles when subjects relaxed and contracted eyelid muscles. Cutaneous reflex responses were evoked during both the relaxed and contraction states. Following reflex elicitation periods of muscle silence in orbicularis oculi were observed for about 10 to 15 ms after the ipsilateral R1 response and for up to 100 ms after the bilateral R2 responses. Reflex responses appeared to be enhanced when elicited during contractions. Possible physiological mechanisms are discussed regarding the presence of silent periods in a motor system that is presumably devoid of spindles, Golgi tendon organs, and Renshaw-like interneurons. PMID- 7205292 TI - Hearing loss in brainstem disorders. AB - A retrospective study of 309 unselected patients with brainstem disorders was carried out to establish the incidence and degree of hearing loss in this group as a whole and in each of three separate pathologies: multiple sclerosis, vertebro-basilar ischaemia and brainstem tumours. Pure tone audiograms were corrected for age and sex and upon analysis, thereafter, 59% and 26% of patients were found to have hearing thresholds in excess of 10dB and 30dB respectively. The hearing loss tended to be slight to moderate, 87% of those with a deficit were in the range 11--59dB, and tended to involve the higher frequencies. No characteristic audiometric configuration emerged. 75% of those with a hearing loss suffered a bilateral deficit. Considering the multiple sclerosis, vertebro basilar insufficiency and tumour groups individually, similar findings were observed with the mildest losses occurring in multiple sclerosis and the most severe in the tumour group. PMID- 7205293 TI - Influenza A virus and Reye's syndrome in adults. AB - We report fatal Reye's syndrome in two adults following proven influenza A viral infections. Reye's syndrome is, therefore, not confined to children but may also occur in adults. Many reported cases of postinfluenza A encephalopathy have clinical and pathological features of Reye's syndrome suggesting that they are not due to postinfectious perivenous demyelination. PMID- 7205294 TI - Computed tomography in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. AB - The initial CT scans of 76 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage were reviewed, and the amount of blood visible in the basal CSF cisterns was quantified. The outcome of surgery was found to correlate significantly with the quantity of blood seen on the scan, as did the pre-operative grade of the patient, a history of pre-existing hypertension, and the presence of angiographic vasospasm. PMID- 7205295 TI - The training characteristics of severely head-injured patients: a preliminary study. AB - It is argued that an important aspect of rehabilitation after severe head injury lies in training or retraining victims in skills required for independent living. Despite this, very little is known about the training characteristics of head injured patients. It is shown that in the acquisition of a psychomotor skill severely head injured subjects have very poor starting levels as compared to normal controls. They show impressive learning to the extent that they considerably close the gap between themselves and the controls. They also show appreciable transfer of the learned skill from one version of the task to another. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for further understanding of the training process in head injured subjects in ways that could reflect upon clinical practice in rehabilitation. PMID- 7205296 TI - Cognitive sequelae in relationship to early indices of severity of brain damage after severe blunt head injury. AB - A group of 89 severely head injured patients was tested psychologically within two years of injury, and test performance was related to indices of brain damage. Duration of coma (Glasgow Coma Scale) bore little relationship to later cognitive outcome but duration of post-traumatic amnesia significantly predicted cognitive performance. Patients with an operated haematoma performed better than non operated cases, reflecting a selection bias. The side of haematoma was not significant, nor were the presence, or type, or side of skull fracture. PMID- 7205297 TI - Autonomic control of cardiovascular reflexes in narcolepsy. AB - Six male patients with narcolepsy for several years, were studied without and with amphetamine in order to evaluate possible abnormalities in autonomic control of the cardiovascular system. Studies were made of (1) heart rate and blood flow in the resting forearm during contralateral isometric handgrip, (2) respiratory sinus arrhythmia and (3) heart rate response to the Valsalva manoeuvre. The patients had a slow heart rate, a reduced forearm blood flow increase on handgrip, and a subnormal sinus arrhythmia. Only two out of the six patients had an abnormal Valsalva ratio. Amphetamine did not alter the response to handgrip but increased the sinus arrhythmia in three patients and the Valsalva ratio in two. It is concluded that narcolepsy is accompanied by reduced vegetative reactivity in the cardiovascular system. Since this applies to functions mediated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, and since some parasympathetically-mediated functions are affected while others are not, the functional disturbance found probably is of central origin. PMID- 7205298 TI - Reversal by phenytoin of carbamazepine-induced water intoxication: a pharmacokinetic interaction. AB - The hypothesis that phenytoin may antagonise the antidiuretic effect of carbamazepine has been examined by comparing the free water clearance response to a standard water load in 36 patients stabilised on different drug regimes. The diuretic response to the water load was significantly greater in patients receiving chronic treatment with carbamazepine and phenytoin in combination than in matched control subjects receiving carbamazepine as a single drug. Acute administration of phenytoin (1,100 mg), however, had no significant influence on carbamazepine-induced antidiuresis. Evidence is presented that reversal of the antidiuretic effect of carbamazepine by chronic phenytoin administration is secondary to a marked reduction of the serum carbamazepine concentration during combined therapy. These results suggest that the risk of developing water intoxication is greater in patients receiving carbamazepine alone than in those receiving phenytoin in combination. Since the antidiuretic effect is correlated with the serum carbamazepine concentration rather than with the prescribed daily dose, monitoring the serum level of the drug is likely to provide the best rational approach to the prevention of excessive water retention. PMID- 7205299 TI - A comparison of flight of colours with visually evoked responses in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - The flight of colours test was performed in a series of patients with multiple sclerosis. Visually evoked responses were then measured in the same patients. The two tests were found to be comparable in their ability to detect disturbance in the visual system. PMID- 7205300 TI - Reversible supranuclear ophthalmoplegia associated with Parkinsonism. AB - Two patients presented with a supranuclear ophthalmoplegia and clinical features otherwise indistinguishable from classical Parkinson's disease. Both had intercurrent infection, and recovery from the ophthalmoplegia paralleled that from the infection, but the Parkinsonian features improved more gradually on increasing doses of levodopa. PMID- 7205301 TI - Paroxysmal itching in multiple sclerosis: a report of three cases. AB - Paroxysmal itching is described in three Japanese women with multiple sclerosis and previously reported cases are discussed. This paroxysmal symptom is rare, but may be the first and only symptom at the onset of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7205302 TI - The linearity of the volume/pressure response during intracranial pressure "reserve" testing. AB - The intracranial pressure "reserve" test seems to be the most reliable method of determining when the brain's natural mechanisms for pressure compensation for added intracranial volume have been compromised or exhausted. The test employs a timed sequence of intracranial fluid injections, but as a safety precaution injections are discontinued if intracranial pressure remains elevated more than 10 Torr over baseline. In this case, a linear extrapolation is then calculated to determine the elevation which might have been achieved by a full series of injections. However, this linear extrapolation has been criticised on the expectation that an exponential response should be expected. A series of experimental observations in dogs and baboons and a review of clinical records in humans have been made to determine the observed slope of increase following aliquot injection during performance of the intracranial pressure reserve test. In these species the observed response was actually linear in shape rather than exponential. This held true even for different initial baseline values and with different volumes of "lesion" balloon inflations in experimental animals. A theoretic explanation is proposed. PMID- 7205303 TI - Post-traumatic complications of arachnoid cysts and temporal lobe agenesis. AB - Six patients with arachnoidal cysts of the middle cranial fossa who presented with raised intracranial pressure are described. All of them had a history of trauma though in two of them it was a remote incident. They all showed radiological changes of an expanded middle cranial fossa and temporal lobe agenesis. The relationship of trauma to these congenital lesions is discussed. PMID- 7205304 TI - Clinical features, investigation and treatment of post-traumatic syringomyelia. AB - Thirteen patients who sustained spinal cord trauma causing persisting disability, developed new symptoms, the chief one of which was severe pain unrelieved by analgesics. The clinical diagnosis of post traumatic syringomyelia was confirmed in each case by means of myelography, as well as endomyelography in seven patients. In every case exploration of the spinal cord syrinx was performed. Ten patients were troubled by severe pain while three patients were mainly subject to altered sensation in the upper limbs. Of the six patients who had initially sustained complete cord transections, three were treated by cord transection and three were treated by syringostomy. The seven patients who sustained incomplete cord lesions were all treated by syringostomy. The patients who initially sustained incomplete sensory motor spinal cord damage had a better symptomatic response to surgery than hose who had sustained a complete spinal cord lesion. The ten patients whose main symptom was severe pain were completely relieved of their symptoms by surgery. PMID- 7205305 TI - Laryngeal electromyography in multiple system atrophy with autonomic failure. AB - In five patients with multiple system atrophy, electromyographic studies using a new surface electrode technique, showed unequivocal evidence of denervation of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscle, and in three of them, of the interarytenoid muscle or crico-pharyngeal sphincter. By comparison, only minor electromyographic abnormalities were found in one-third of patients with other extra-pyramidal syndromes, though in two cases, the abnormalities were of a different kind from those found in multiple system atrophy. PMID- 7205306 TI - Peripheral nerve function in patients with bronchial carcinoma. Comparison with matched controls and effects of treatment. AB - Clinical examination of 80 patients with bronchial carcinoma showed minor neurological abnormalities but in only a few cases were these considered to be due to neuromyopathy. Spontaneous activity in the EMG was shown in 35%, consistent with a mild degree of partial denervation; when 50 of the patients were matched with 50 controls the patients showed a small but significant impairment of nerve conduction velocity in comparison with the controls. These findings accord with subclinical neuropathy in a high proportion of patients with bronchial carcinoma consistent with primary axonal change. Thirty patients participated in a prospective study of the effects of treatment. Of these nine were reassessed following surgery or radiotherapy. Although there was a trend towards improvement in sensory conduction there was no consistent change in the electromyographic findings. PMID- 7205307 TI - Epileptic phenomena in bismuth toxic encephalopathy. AB - Seventy patients admitted to hospital with bismuth encephalopathy had repeated clinical and EEG examinations. All the patients exhibited myoclonic jerks, but no paroxysmal features ever appeared on EEG. Computed tomography showed cortical hyperdensities. Seizures were observed in 22 patients, but epileptic EEG patterns appeared only when the bismuth blood level was below 1500 microgram/1. It is suggested that a high cortical intracellular bismuth concentration induces a "cortical inhibition" which causes suppression of physiological electrical brain activity, the absence of EEG paroxysmal phenomena during myoclonic jerks, and explains the rarity of epileptic seizures. PMID- 7205309 TI - Erector spinae muscle responses while standing. AB - In 55 normal adult subjects standing erect, stable EMG responses could be recorded from the lumbar erector spinae muscles in response to unilateral sudden are abduction produced by single electrical stimuli applied to the brachial plexus at Erb's point, or to knee and ankle movement produced by stimuli to the posterior tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. PMID- 7205308 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum myoglobin in neuromuscular diseases. AB - Radioimmunoassay of serum myoglobin was performed in 85 patients with muscular symptoms. Elevated levels were found in 93% of patients with myogenic myopathy, in 54% with myasthenia gravis and in 50% with neurogenic myopathy. All 11 patients with polymyositis had elevated myoglobin concentrations. In six of seven patients with polymyositis, who were followed up with repeated determinations, a clear relationship between myoglobin levels and clinical course was found. In general serum myoglobin seemed to be a more sensitive indicator of muscle disease than creatine kinase. PMID- 7205310 TI - Psychosis associated with epilepsy: significance of the laterality of the epileptogenic lesion. AB - The psychiatric histories in a group of patients who had previously undergone temporal lobectomy for intractable epilepsy, were analysed for the occurrence of psychosis. The data suggest that epileptic patients with left temporal lobe lesions are especially disposed to develop a schizophrenic-like psychosis. PMID- 7205311 TI - Abnormalities of cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in patients with the Guillain Barre syndrome. AB - Measurements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma amino acid concentrations have been made in 12 patients with the Guillain-Barre syndrome. The CSF protein concentration was normal in seven specimens and raised in 13. Abnormalities of the CSF amino acid profile were found in all specimens but were more marked in those with a raised CSF protein concentration. The possible causes and diagnostic significance of these changes are discussed. PMID- 7205313 TI - A blind spot tester. PMID- 7205312 TI - Pupil size and the pattern evoked visual response. AB - The effect of artificially varying the pupil size upon the pattern evoked visual response was examined in six healthy subjects and six patients with multiple sclerosis who had abnormal visual evoked responses. Slight depression of amplitude was seen whether the pupil was small or large, but the most obvious effect was a reduction of latency with a large pupil and an increase of latency with a small pupil. It is suggested these phenomena relate to the amount of light entering the eye and not any change of acuity. PMID- 7205314 TI - Latent idiopathic torsion dystonia provoked by thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7205315 TI - Cimetidine induced postural and action tremor. PMID- 7205316 TI - Renaut body distribution at sites of human peripheral nerve entrapment. AB - In an autopsy study of the pathology of chronic subclinical nerve entrapment Renaut bodies showed a strong predilection for sites of nerve entrapment. They were present at these sites in 43 of 74 peripheral nerves but in none of the control sections of the same nerves. Renaut bodies were most frequently encountered in the median nerve at the wrist and in the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve at the inguinal ligament but were rarely seen in sections of the common peroneal nerve at the neck of the fibula. Renaut bodies were closely associated with thickened subperineurial capillaries, and, in successive transverse sections, they terminated in a fibrous mass of these thickened vessels. In several nerves Renaut bodies showed a similar orientation within adjacent fascicles, suggesting that mechanical factors were related to their pathogenesis; despite this finding there was no relationship between their numbers at entrapment sites and the presence of pathological changes in myelinated nerve fibres at the same level. These findings suggest that while mechanical factors are important in the pathogenesis of Renaut bodies there is no evidence to support the theory that these structures protect nerve fibres from mechanical stress. PMID- 7205318 TI - A comparison of the effects of morphine sulphate and nitrous oxide analgesia on chronic pain states in man. AB - The effect of nitrous oxide and morphine sulphate on chronic pain states in man are compared. The similarity of effect indicate that nitrous oxide acts on the morphine receptor. In all cases where analgesia was produced naloxone reversal occurred. These results provide additional evidence for a dual system hypothesis of pain perception and that nitrous oxide analgesia is mediated by the endogenous opiate system. In the light of these findings, the possibility of using nitrous oxide to replace morphine sulphate as a screening test for deep brain stimulation analgesia is discussed. PMID- 7205317 TI - Fibromatosis of dura presenting as infantile spasms. AB - A 6-month-old boy developed emprosthotonic infantile spasms and right hemiparesis. CT scan revealed a large mass related to a distended right temporal horn which on craniotomy proved to be a hard white tumour of the tentorium cerebelli which could be only incompletely resected. Microscopically and ultrastructurally, this lesion proved to be a typical fibromatosis containing myofibroblasts which invaded the brain. The child made an excellent recovery and is well a year after surgery. This case is another example which argues for full investigation of cases of infantile spasms which usually carry such a dismal prognosis. PMID- 7205319 TI - Activity-dependent variations in threshold and conduction velocity of human sensory fibers. AB - Activity-dependent changes in threshold with a sequential set of events (action potential, refractoriness, supernormal and subnormal period) can regularly be observed in sensory fibers of the human median nerve, the whole recovery cycle lasting for 120-200 ms in different subjects. Supernormality is probably due to an after-depolarization of the membrane potential and has its peak 5-8 ms after the conditioning pulse. The subsequent period of subnormal excitability results from a long-lasting hyperpolarization of the membrane and reaches its maximum 40 60 ms after the conditioning pulse. In contrast to some findings in slow conducting fibers of different experimental animals, the fast-conducting fibers of the human median nerve do not reveal the phenomenon of supernormal conduction velocity. PMID- 7205320 TI - The vasculature of experimental brain tumours. Part 1. A sequential light and electron microscope study of angiogenesis. AB - The process of vascularisation was studied in transplanted astrocytomas in BD-IX rats. The development of blood vessels was followed from the earliest signs of angiogenesis throughout tumour growth. On the basis of tumour vasculature, 3 consecutive stages of tumour growth could be distinguished; avascular, early vascular and late vascular. The tumours grew to a diameter of about 1 mm during the avascular stage after which new capillary sprouts began to penetrate the tumours. This resulted in an homogeneous vasculature of small immature capillaries up to about 5 micrometers in diameter characteristic of the early vascular growth stage. During this stage the tumours reached a diameter of about 4 mm and their vasculature consisted of capillaries similar to those seen in embryological cerebral vascularisation. During the subsequent late vascular stage of growth, continued endothelial proliferation led to an increase in blood vessel diameter up to 50 micrometers in some cases. The vessels varied in shape and size; this vascular pleomorphism and the abnormal morphological features associated with glioma vasculature were typical of the late vascular stage. PMID- 7205321 TI - The vasculature of experimental brain tumours. Part 2. A quantitative assessment of morphological abnormalities. AB - Two groups of the morphological abnormalities of brain tumour vasculature described in the previous paper (Deane and Lantos 1981) were quantified. First, blood vessel density, endothelial hyperplasia and endothelial cytology, 3 general features of the vasculature, were assessed, giving a score according to the Microscopic Angiogenesis Grading System (Brem et al. 1972). This not only gives information about the vascular supply of tumours but also often provides a reliable index of malignancy. The system was also adapted for electron microscopy. Secondly, 3 specific features of the endothelial lining were estimated: cytoplasmic vesicle content, fenestrations and abnormal endothelial intercellular junctions, which are thought to represent possible mechanisms of increased trans-endothelial transport. It was found that cytoplasmic vesicle content was 3--6-fold greater in tumour blood vessels than in capillaries from normal brain, and may therefore play an important role in cerebral oedema. However, fenestrations and abnormal endothelial junctions were infrequently seen, and were unevenly distributed. PMID- 7205322 TI - Familial Alzheimer's disease in two kindreds of the same geographic and ethnic origin. A clinical and genetic study. AB - Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurred in 37 individuals from two kindreds of Jewish ancestry with a mode of transmission suggesting an autosomal dominant genetic trait. Both kindreds originated from Byelorussia and spoke the Lithuanian dialect of Yiddish. In one of the two families one case of pathologically confirmed AD occurred with clinical and neuropathological signs of Parkinson's disease. In the other family one case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and one case of Down's syndrome occurred, both without clinical or pathological signs of AD. In the single kindred tested, a study of the chromosome 6 markers HLA, Bf and GLO failed to reveal a correlation between the transmission of AD and the segregation of these markers. The association of increased aneuploidy of peripheral blood chromosomes with AD was not confirmed in either of these families. Genetic differences between the familial and the sporadic form of AD are discussed. PMID- 7205323 TI - Bound antibody in multiple sclerosis brains. AB - Autopsy tissues of white and grey matter from brains of MS patients and controls were homogenized in PBS and centrifuged at 100,000 x g for 1 h. The residues were thoroughly washed with PBS and further extracted at acidic and alkaline pH. The eluates contained a low but significant amount of IgG, indicating that bound IgG was present in MS brains. A greater yield of IgG was obtained with alkaline pH buffer than with acidic pH buffer. In contrast, sections from 2 of 3 neurologic controls and 3 of 4 non-neurologic control failed to show detectable level of bound IgG extractable at acidic pH. These results might suggest the presence of antigen-antibody complexes in MS brains. Isoelectric focusing analysis demonstrated oligoclonal IgG bands in low pH eluates from MS brains and these bands were partly similar to those seen in neutral (unbound) pH brain extracts. PMID- 7205324 TI - Antibodies to viral and non-viral antigens in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis demonstrated by thin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, antigen immunofixation and autoradiography. AB - Antibody activity in IgG zones separated by thin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAG IEF) was determined in 3 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), 4 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 4 subjects with psychosomatic disorders, using antigen immunofixation and autoradiography. Viral (measles herpes simplex type 1, mumps) and non-viral (purified bovine myelin, bovine myelin basic protein, bovine oligodendrocytes, MS and normal human brain extract) were used as antigens. All oligoclonal and some of the polyclonal CSF IgG zones in the patients with SSPE contained measles virus antibodies, as did some of the oligoclonal and polyclonal CSF IgG zones in 3 of the patients with MS. No antibodies were detectable in CSF or serum IgG zones against any of the non-viral antigens tested. PMID- 7205325 TI - Morphogenesis of experimental anencephaly. AB - The sequential morphological development of anencephaly was studied in an experimental model. Vitamin A was administered to pregnant rats on gestational days 8, 9, and 10. When the litters were allowed to proceed to term, the treatment resulted in fetuses with anencephalic features. The progressive morphological development of the malformation was then established by histological and gross study of embryos and fetuses of different ages. The earliest lesion identified was a microfocal necrosis located in the head fold epithelium near the anterior neuropore on day 9; it was lateral to the normal position of physiological necrotic foci seen in control embryos. Subsequent to the appearance of the initial lesion, the malformation developed as everted brain folds extending vertically from the diencephalon in the pattern of exencephaly. The neural tube in the region of the malformation never closed, and the exencephaly arose as a progressive development of non-closed neural tube. Finally, the classical anencephalic resulted from the spontaneous necrosis of the exencephalic malformation. This study indicates that anencephaly in an experimental model arises from microscopic foci of necrosis near the anterior neuropore and develops through non-closure of the neural tube. PMID- 7205326 TI - Axonal dystrophy in the gracile nucleus in children and young adults. Reappraisal of the incidence and associated diseases. AB - In 656 patients aged from one to 39 years, the incidence of axonal dystrophy in the gracile nucleus (ADG) is correlated with underlying diseases. The age-related incidence of ADG (minimal to severe) in these patients, 13, 53, 76 and 97% in the first, second, third, and fourth decades, respectively, is comparable to that observed by other investigators. The incidence drops to 8, 16, 31, and 60% when more than five spheroids in each gracile nucleus are taken into account. Diseases with which ADG is frequently associated vary according to the patient's age. Congenital biliary atresia and cystic fibrosis account for 71% of cases of ADG (mild to severe) in the first decade, while cystic fibrosis and malignancies account for 38 and 35% in the second decade, respectively. In the third decade, malignancies, renal diseases, cystic fibrosis, and heart diseases account for 30, 14, 12, and 12% of ADG cases, respectively, while malignancies, renal diseases, heart diseases, and diseases of digestive organs account for 30, 24, 15, and 11% in the fourth decade, respectively. The incidence of ADG also increases progressively with age, duration of the clinical course in the individual disease, or both, regardless of types of the diseases. This fact, when viewed together with the precocious development of severe ADG in patients with the malabsorption syndromes and in those with grave illnesses with protracted course leading to cachexia, seems to indicate that malnutrition represents a common factor correlated with severe ADG in the young patients. It seems to be premature at this time to disregard the hypothetical question that ADG in man is in some way related to deficiency or altered metabolism of vitamin E. PMID- 7205327 TI - Proliferation of neuroglial cell lines in the degenerating optic nerve of young rats. A radioautographic study. AB - Wallerian degeneration was investigated in the rat optic nerve after eye enucleation at 2, 5, 8, and 20 D.P.N. (key stages), corresponding to the periods of premyelination, myelination, and postmyelination. The incorporation of tritiated thymidine, and subsequent radioautography of semithin sections, allowed the identification and enumeration of labeled cells, and the computation of labeling indices of the different cell types (glioblasts, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) in the operated as well as the contralateral nerve. The comparison of labeling indices and absolute numbers of labeled cells in each category suggests an increased transformation of glioblasts into astrocytes, and absence of differentiation and stabilization of oligodendrocytes due to the failure of the axonal signal, and a transformation of pericytes into interstitial microglia. The first three key stages (2, 5, and 8 D.P.N.) are characterized by the integration of reactive gliosis and more or less marked failure of myelination gliosis, whereas the last one (20 D.P.N.) shows essentially a reactive gliosis. The modifications of the neural environment interfere with the genetic program of gliogenesis, illustrating the postnatal plasticity of the central nervous system. PMID- 7205328 TI - Ultrastructure and pathogenesis of intracranial arachnoid cysts. AB - A detailed light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopic study of the arachnoid cyst wall was made in four cases and compared with that of the normal arachnoid mater in the human. Two hundred and eight reported cases of arachnoid cysts were analyzed to evaluate the anatomical distribution of these lesions and to get r an insight into their pathogenesis. The structural features of the arachnoid cyst wall that distinguish it from the normal arachnoid membrane are as follows: (1) splitting of the arachnoid membrane at the margin of the cyst, (2) a very thick layer of collagen in the cyst wall, (3) the absence of traversing trabecular processes within the cyst, and (4) the presence of hyperplastic arachnoid cells in the cyst wall, which presumably participate in collagen synthesis. The distribution of arachnoid cysts in two hundred and eight reported cases was as follows: Sylvian fissure, 49%; cerebellopontine angle, 11%; supracollicular area, 10%; the vermis, 9%; sellar and suprasellar area, 9%; interhemispheric fissure, 5%; cerebral convexity, 4%; and the clival and interpeduncular area, 3%. At each site, except possibly on the cerebral convexity, the cyst was associated with a normal subarachnoid cistern. This striking and nearly invariable association of arachnoid cysts with normal subarachnoid cisterns prompts the authors to hypothesize that arachnoid cysts represent a congenital anomaly of the developing subarachnoid cisterns in early intrauterine life. It is postulated that, during the process of the complex folding of the primitive neural tube and the formation of normal subarachnoid cisterns, an anomalous splitting of the arachnoid membrane occurs. PMID- 7205329 TI - Morphology and ultrastructure of an identified histamine-containing neuron in the central nervous system of the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis L. AB - An identifiable histamine-containing neuron is located on the anterior dorsal surface of the visceral ganglion of Lymnaea stagnalis L. After [3H]histamine was injected into the perikaryon of this neuron, labelled axonal ramifications were seen in the neuropils of all ganglia except the pedals and right cerebral, and labelled axons occurred in seven nerve trunks. Electron microscopical examination of the perikaryon of the histamine neuron revealed the presence of large aggregations of granulated vesicles (80-200 microns diameter), elaborate endoplasmic reticulum, and numerous mitochondria, Golgi complexes and lysosome like organelles. PMID- 7205330 TI - Schwann cell myelination in the nerve fibre layer of the BW rat retina. AB - Schwann cells are frequently present in retinae of a partially inbred strain of rats, the BW rats. In affected animals, most if not all axons in the nerve fibre layer, immediately adjacent to the optic disc, are ensheathed by Schwann cells. This can occur in the form of a distinct myelin sheath or a simple envelopment of the axons by Schwann cells. Some axons lose their Schwann cell sheath within a few hundred micrometers of the optic discs while others retain the sheath out to the mid-retina. Although the pathophysiological basis of the defect is unknown, it appears to be related to a genetic defect that has widespread C.N.S. expression. PMID- 7205331 TI - Comparative analysis of junctions in the myelin sheath of central and peripheral axons of fish, amphibians and mammals: a freeze-fracture study using complementary replicas. AB - Tight junction-like structures are found in freeze-fractured myelin of the peripheral and central nervous system of the electric eel and trout, but not in the electric ray, Torpedo californicus. Myelin junctions are more difficult to find in the peripheral myelin of Xenopus frogs and of mice and rats, except in the myelinating fibres of young animals. Junctions are most frequently seen at the outer mesaxons, but are also observed at the inner mesaxons, paranodal loops, incisures of Schmidt-Lanterman and in compact myelin. The junctional strands vary considerably in appearance; instead of displaying the extensive strands and grooves of typical tight junctions, they are usually particulate with single or fused particles, short strands, and corresponding pits and grooves. After fixation, elements of the junctions partition between P- and E-faces with the majority of particles remaining with the P-face. In unfixed fish myelin, strands often remain with the E-face but fixation does not greatly alter the appearance of rat myelin. Complementary replicas show that junctions are often discontinuous. The significance of the distribution and morphology of junctions among the different specimens examined is discussed with regard to the possible functions and maintenance of myelin junctions. PMID- 7205333 TI - A freeze-fracture study of synaptic junction development in the superficial layers of the chick optic tectum. AB - Synaptogenesis in the superficial layers of the rostral pole of the chick optic tectum has been studied using freeze-fracture techniques. The developmental sequence of intramembrane organization at synaptic junctions involves the accumulation and assembly of intramembrane particles into aggregates characteristic of the mature junctions. By embryonic day seven, areas of loosely arranged clusters of medium-sized particles are observed on the cytoplasmic membrane leaflets (P-faces) of developing neurites. These clusters are characteristic of the intramembrane organization at presynaptic active zones. At later stages, small pits, characteristic of vesicle fusion sites, are observed interspersed among such P-face particle clusters. Complementary intramembrane specializations are also present on the external leaflets (E-faces) of presynaptic membranes at the active zones. Small solitary aggregates of large sized particles on the E-faces of neurite plasma membranes are also seen at early embryonic stages. As development progresses, these aggregates increase in size and packing density and occupy large oval domains in postsynaptic membranes. These intramembrane specializations may represent the postsynaptic active zones of asymmetric synapses. Another type of intramembrane specialization, observed during the third week of incubation, is characterized by aggregates of small- and medium-sized particles on the P-face of postsynaptic membranes and is often seen directly apposed to the E-face of a presynaptic terminal. This type of intramembrane specialization may represent the postsynaptic active zone region at symmetrical synaptic contacts. PMID- 7205332 TI - Fine structural studies of synaptogenesis in the superficial layers of the chick optic tectum. AB - Synaptogenesis in the superficial layers of the rostral pole of the optic tectum has been studied in the chick from embryonic day six (E6) to seven days post hatching. Symmetrical membrane densities of puncta adhaerentia are observed prior to the detection of synapses and throughout development. Immature synaptic contacts are observed by E7. These early synapses are primarily axodendritic; however, somatodendritic, dendrodendritic, axosomatic and axoglial synapses are also observed. The majority of these synapses have asymmetrical membrane densities and the presynaptic terminals contain clear, spherical, synaptic vesicles. Synaptic terminals containing pleomorphic vesicles and making symmetrical synaptic contacts are not commonly observed until the third week of embryonic development, and may represent the onset of inhibitory function within the tectum. Comparison of the number of synapses per unit area in control versus experimental tecta, after unilateral eye enucleations of E3, indicates that the presynaptic terminals of some synapses present at E8 are of retinal origin. It is suggested that the development of retinotectal synapses follows a rostrocaudal gradient in the tectum and corresponds to the intrinsic tectal pattern of cytoarchitectonic differentiation. PMID- 7205334 TI - Neuro-epitheliomuscular cell and neuro-neuronal gap junctions in Hydra. AB - Gap junctions have been described ultrastructurally between neurons and epitheliomuscular cells and between neurons and their processes in the hypostome, peduncle and basal disc of Hydra. All gap junctions examined in Hydra exhibit two apposed plasma membranes having a 2-4 nm gap continuous with the extracellular space. The gap junctions are variable in length from 0.1-1.6 micrometers and appear linear or V-shaped in section. Neuronal gap junctions in Hydra occur infrequently as compared to chemical synapses. Electron microscopy of serial sections has demonstrated the presence of adjacent electrical and chemical synapses (neuromuscular junctions) formed by the same neuron. In addition, multiple gap junctions were present between two neurons. This is the first ultrastructural demonstration of electrical synapses in the nervous system of Hydra. Such synapses occur in neurons previously characterized as sensory-motor interneurons on the basis of their chemical synapses; these neurons appear to represent a type of stem cell characterized by having both electrical and chemical synapses. PMID- 7205336 TI - Distribution and morphology of myelinated perikarya and dendrites in the olfactory bulb of primates. AB - Numerous myelinated perikarya occur in different layers of the olfactory bulbs of a chimpanzee and two species of New World primates, that is, the squirrel and the Cebus monkey. It appears that somata of all established neuron categories, except for the mitral cells, can become ensheathed in myelin. Myelinated dendritic segments are found in the periglomerular region and in the external plexiform layer; tufted and periglomerular cells most likely to give rise to these myelinated dendrites. The myelin sheath is predominantly of the compact C.N.S. type. Perikaryal and dendritic myelin often ends in typical feet of glial cytoplasm. The termination site of dendritic myelin is a preferred site of synaptic contacts. Myelinated profiles are more numerous in the two monkey species than in the chimpanzee. PMID- 7205335 TI - Early stages of axonal regeneration in the goldfish optic tract: an electron microscopic study. AB - Two hours after the goldfish optic tract was cut, the severed axons in the retinal stump of the tract showed ballooning of the axoplasm and myelin sheath in the region of the cut, with accumulation in the swollen axon of various organelles, including dense cored vesicles. By day 1 the myelin sheath had degenerated back to a node of Ranvier and the tip of the severed axon had formed a myelin-free terminal bulb with a well-organized core of 9-10 nm filaments. By 2 days, such terminal bulbs were often seen to be extended on a neck of cytoplasm a few micrometers in length, presumably indicating axonal outgrowth. In addition, occasional small bundles of axon sprouts were first seen at this time. The sprouts had a diameter of about 2 micrometers and contained a central core of 9 10 nm filaments surrounded by a mantle of cell organelles (smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and diverse vesicles), with few if any microtubules. Sprouts within a bundle were separated by fairly uniform 10-15 nm spaces. Beginning at 3 days, significant numbers of microtubules appeared in the sprouts, and there was an increasing proportion of small diameter (greater than or equal to 0.3 micrometer) sprouts. Thus it was not until 3 days that the sprouts took on the appearance usually considered to be typical of regenerating axons. By 6 days a dense layer of glial cells or macrophages formed a cap over the cut surface of the tract. Penetrating this layer were bundles containing up to 20-30 axon sprouts and also single axons which may have been serving as 'pioneering' fibres to which later-emerging axons would attach. There was no evidence that the regenerating axons were guided by the glial cells. At 6 days astroglia began to separate individual axons within the bundles but oligodendrocytes were still inactive at this time. PMID- 7205337 TI - The axon initial segment as a synaptic site: ultrastructure and synaptology of the initial segment of the pyramidal cell in the rat hippocampus (CA3 region). AB - The axon initial segments (ISs) of pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampus (CA3 region) were studied by means of light microscopy of Golgi-impregnated material and electron microscopy of random and serial thin sections. The ISs display three distinguishing characteristics; fascicles of microtubules, membrane undercoating and clusters of ribosomes. The ISs contain cisternal organelles which are often associated with synapses and are in continuity with smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Small spines are recognized on the ISs both in the light and electron microscope. There are 10-25 on each IS and they are usually concentrated on the proximal 30 micrometers of the IS. Axonic spines contain spine apparatuses, clusters of ribosomes, multivesicular bodies and other organelles. Several collaterals are also recognized to originate from the axon proximal to the start of a myelin sheath. The IS receives many synapses both on its shaft and spines. Almost all of them are of the symmetrical type with flattened vesicles but a few asymmetrical synapses with spherical vesicles occur. Pyramidal cell ISs are very rarely presynaptic at asymmetrical synapses with spherical vesicles. Based on serial sectioning studies, the number of synapses on one IS is estimated at 100 200. These abundant synaptic contacts on the IS suggest that it is an important synaptic site. The possibility that there are two different inhibitory systems controlling the output of the pyramidal cell is discussed. PMID- 7205338 TI - Electrotonic structure and specific membrane properties of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. PMID- 7205339 TI - Inhibition of nociceptive and nonnociceptive responses of primate spinothalamic cells by stimulation in medial brain stem. PMID- 7205340 TI - Somatotopic organization of hindlimb cutaneous dorsal root projections to cat dorsal horn. PMID- 7205341 TI - Taste sensitivity of hamster parabrachial pontine neurons. PMID- 7205342 TI - Characteristics of neurons in auditory cortex of monkeys performing a simple auditory task. PMID- 7205343 TI - Comparison of response properties of inferior colliculus neurons of two inbred mouse strains differing in susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. PMID- 7205344 TI - Responses of single neurons in physiologically defined primary auditory cortex (AI) of the cat: frequency tuning and responses to intensity. PMID- 7205345 TI - Thalamic input to areas 3a and 2 in monkeys. PMID- 7205346 TI - Comparative aspects of neural circuits for inking behavior and gill withdrawal in Aplysia californica. PMID- 7205347 TI - Combined cyclotron fast-neutron and BCNU therapy in a rat brain-tumor model. AB - The combination of cyclotron fast-neutron radiotherapy with BCNU chemotherapy was compared to 137Cs gamma photon radiotherapy combined with BCNU in the 36B-10, F 344 rat-transplanted glioma model. Radiation and drug treatments were administered 7 to 8 days after intracerebral tumor implantation. Increase in animal survival time was used as the measure of the effectiveness of various treatment schedules. Single-dose neutron or gamma radiotherapy was tested on Day 7 over the ranges 0 to 900 rads and 0 to 2000 rads, respectively. This therapy produced increases in mean survival times up to 70% at the highest radiation doses. When BCNU (10 mg/kg body weight) was administered intravenously on Day 8, 1 day following radiotherapy, mean survival times were increased by an additional 35% to 50%, irrespective of the dose or type of irradiation. In contrast, by using the same radiation and drug doses but scheduling combined therapy trials so that BCNU was administered 1 hour before either neutron or gamma irradiation on Day 7, there was enhancement of the radiation effect by BCNU. Under these conditions, the maximum enhancement of the mean survival time was 70% to 75% in neutron-treated animals and 120% to 150% in gamma-treated animals. Treatment with BCNU 1 hour before or 1 day after neutron irradiation proved to be no more effective in proving the survival time of tumor-bearing animals than the drug similarly combined with conventional gamma irradiation. PMID- 7205348 TI - Hypothesis testing in neurosurgical trials. AB - Controlled clinical trials represent the most scientific methods of evaluating a new form of treatment. In designing such a trial, one must avoid committing two kinds of errors. The Type I error is defined as falsely concluding that a difference between two treatments exists, when they are equal. The Type II error is committed when one concludes that two treatments are the same, when a real difference exists. To reduce the probability of committing these errors, large sample sizes are required. A survey of neurosurgical trials showed that the majority of these trials have an unacceptably high probability of committing a Type II error because of inadequate sample size. PMID- 7205350 TI - Intracranial pressure in nontraumatic ischemic and hypoxic cerebral insults. AB - Intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure were monitored in 12 patients who were comatose secondary to hypoxic (five cases) or hypotensive (seven cases) nontraumatic cerebral insults. Patients who were hypotensive but not hypoxic developed significant increased ICP. In patients who were comatose from hypoxic cerebral insults without hypotension, ICP was normal. When an increase in ICP was diagnosed, patients were managed aggressively so as to improve cerebral perfusion and lower ICP. Although a functional salvage rate of 25% was obtained, this may reflect the severity of the initial cerebral insult rather than the effect of treatment. In order to prevent the potential deleterious effects of raised ICP, it is concluded that monitoring ICP and maintaining adequate perfusion may be warranted in comatose patients who have suffered nontraumatic diffuse ischemic but not purely hypoxic cerebral insults. PMID- 7205351 TI - Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces in the infant. AB - The authors report 18 infants with benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces seen at their institution during a 1-year time interval. This condition is characterized by the computerized tomography findings of dilatation of the subarachnoid spaces, normal or slightly enlarged ventricular size, and prominence of the basilar cisterns. Most cases were found in children referred for the evaluation of abnormally increasing head circumference measurements. Although it was not possible to document the development, and, in several cases, improvement of this process, in these patients enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces was a benign diagnosis, not associated with serious neurological dysfunction. PMID- 7205349 TI - Results of early operations for ruptured aneurysms. AB - In a consecutive series of 219 patients with a ruptured aneurysm of the anterior part of the circle of Willis, 119 patients (54%) made a good recovery and 67 (31%) died. Of 53 patients who did not have surgery, six (11%) made a good recovery and 37 (70%) died. Urgent surgery with evacuation of an associated significant intracerebral hematoma was performed in 30 patients; nine (30%) made a good recovery and 15 (50%) died. Delayed surgery was performed in 55 patients of whom 42 (76%) made a good recovery and two (4%) died. Early intracranial operation (within 48 to 60 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)) was performed in 81 patients who were in Grades I to III prior to surgery. Sixty patients (74%) made a good recovery, and eight died within a month. Five patients were severely disabled and died 2 to 8 months after SAH and surgery. In 17 patients, although the immediate postoperative course was uneventful, evidence of cerebral ischemia developed 4 to 13 days after the bleed and resulted in death in eight patients. A poor outcome was correlated with a history of elevated blood pressure before SAH. Seven patients, of whom six were women of child-bearing age, demonstrated pronounced vasospasm on postoperative angiography; nevertheless, they remained well and free from ischemic symptoms after surgery. Early operation combined with removal of subarachnoid clots and rinsing the basal cisterns does not eliminate the risk of delayed ischemic dysfunction. Such early surgery, however, improves overall outcome by preventing recurrent bleeding, and may also reduce the frequency of hydrocephalus. PMID- 7205352 TI - Effect of pentobarbital on the reactivity of isolated human cerebral arteries. AB - The authors have analyzed the effect of pentobarbital (10(-5) M to 10(-3) M) on the contractile activity of isolated human cerebral arteries. Pentobarbital was found to inhibit both the spontaneous mechanical activity and the basal tone of these vessels. Relaxation induced by this drug was dose-dependent, and was more marked when the arterial tone was previously increased with noradrenalin, potassium chloride, or 5-hydroxytryptamine. In addition, pentobarbital inhibits, in a dose-dependent manner, the contractions elicited by these vasoconstrictor agents. The present findings indicate that barbiturates decrease cerebrovascular reactivity, and disagree with the hypothesis that these drugs reduce raised intracranial pressure by means of exerting a direct constrictive effect on the cerebral arteries. PMID- 7205353 TI - SEM evaluation of endothelial changes following end-to-side microvascular anastomoses in rats. AB - A scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study was carried out to evaluate the endothelial changes in carotid end-to-side microsurgical anastomoses. This procedure, associated with occlusion of the brachiocephalic trunk, was performed in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were sacrificed at time intervals ranging between 15 minutes and 14 days after surgery. The specimens were collected after perfusion-fixation in vivo and treated for SEM observations. The findings show that the first 45 minutes are the most critical time for thrombus formation. Reendothelialization could be detected at 3 days after the microsurgical procedure. Endothelial regeneration occurred earlier on the suture line than on the stitches, documented by the migration and morphological changes of the endothelial cells advancing from the normal endothelium to cover the defect and the suture material. The repair was usually completed within 14 days. Damage of the inner vascular wall, related to minor failures of the microsurgical technique, appears to be a cause of delayed reendothelialization. PMID- 7205354 TI - Successful clipping of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms through a contralateral pterional approach. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm are reported in which the neck was successfully clipped by way of a contralateral pterional approach. The authors emphasize that in some cases this is the preferred approach; the aneurysm neck can be clipped without damage to important surrounding structures. PMID- 7205355 TI - Extracranial aneurysm arising from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Case report. AB - A case is presented of an aneurysm arising from an extracranial loop of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). No similar case has been found in a review of the literature. The anatomy of the PICA is discussed, and the literature on aneurysms arising from this artery is summarized. PMID- 7205357 TI - Paraspinal myxoma with spinal cord compression. Case report. AB - A patient with thoracolumbar paraspinal muscle myxoma with spinal cord compression presented with a long history of back pain and recent paraparesis. Removal of the tumor and decompression of the spinal cord provided marked improvement of the weakness. PMID- 7205356 TI - Intrachiasmatic arteriovenous malformation. Case report. AB - A patient presented with an abrupt monocular decrease in visual acuity and a bitemporal hemianopsia. At surgery, a totally intrachiasmatic arteriovenous malformation was removed, with subsequent resolution of the visual deficit. PMID- 7205358 TI - Posttraumatic pseudomeningomyelocele (enlarging fracture?) in a vertebral body. Case report. AB - An unusual case is reported in which a posttraumatic peudomeningomyelocele developed over many years inside the body of a fractured lumbar vertebra, eroding the pedicle and causing progressive neurological deficit. The wall of the sac was mostly formed by the scalloped bar bone, and partly by a membrane resembling the dura. The terminal part of the conus medullaris and some nerve roots of the cauda equina formed the contents and parts of the wall of the outpouching of the subarachnoid space into the vertebral body. A comparison is drawn between this lesion and formation of an "enlarging fracture" of the skull. The surgical technique used for obliteration of this pseudomeningomyelocele is described. PMID- 7205359 TI - Pasteurella multocida subdural empyema. Case report. PMID- 7205360 TI - Actinomycotic granuloma of the Gasserian ganglion with primary site in a dental root. Case report. AB - An unusual case of cerebral actinomycosis of the Gasserian ganglion is reported. The location and the pathological diagnosis of granuloma are both extremely rare. The literature is briefly reviewed with special reference to similar reports. The manner of spread and the course of the disease are described. The present case tends to confirm the opinion that primary cerebral actinomycosis is extremely rare and probably does not exist. The case also definitely indicates that the organism reaches the central nervous system by way of nerve or perineural pathways. PMID- 7205361 TI - A noninvasive approach to quantitative measurement of flow through CSF shunts. Technical note. AB - A method of measuring flow rate through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts is reported. It consists of two thermistors in series applied to the skin over the shunt tubing. The thermistors respond by a drop in measured temperature following application of an ice cube placed on the skin overlying the proximal shunt tube. The time required for the thermal response to travel between the two thermistors is related to the velocity of flow through the shunt tubing. Flow rate can then be calculated using the internal diameter of the tubing. A series of animal experiments employing a constant infusion of mock CSF through subcutaneously implanted shunt tubing showed excellent correlation between calculated flow rates and actual infusion rates. The device is noninvasive and easily adapted to use in patients. The measurements are readily repeatable. PMID- 7205362 TI - A new method for the measurement of brain surface movement. Technical note. PMID- 7205363 TI - Brain-stem abscess. PMID- 7205364 TI - ECG gating of thallium-201 myocardial images: effect on detection of ischemic heart disease. AB - Using the angiographic findings as the standard, we have examined the sensitivity and specificity of ECG-gated static thallium-201 myocardial images in 54 patients undergoing selective coronary arteriography. Gated and nongated images, each in anterior, 45 degrees LAO, and 65 degrees LAO projections, were processed by interpolative background subtraction. They were then analyzed separately by four independent observers who were unaware of patient identity, the results of coronary arteriography, and which studies were gated or nongated. No significant differences were observed between the gated and nongated images regarding sensitivity or specificity, the detection rate for reversible myocardial ischemia, the accuracy of prediction of arteriographic extent of disease, or the degree of inter- or intraobserver variability. We conclude that ECG-gated acquisition of T1-201 images does not produce any significant advantages, at least when interpolative background subtraction is used. PMID- 7205365 TI - Measurement of ventricular function by ECG gating during atrial fibrillation. AB - The assumptions necessary to perform ECG-gated cardiac studies are seemingly not valid for patients in atrial fibrillation (AF). To evaluate the effect of AF on equilibrium gated scintigraphy, beat-by-beat measurements of left-ventricular function were made on seven subjects in AF (mean heart rate 64 bpm), using a high efficiency nonimaging detector. The parameters evaluated were ejection fraction (EF), time to end-systole (TES), peak rates of ejection and filling (PER,PFR), and their times of occurrence (TPER,TPFR). By averaging together single-beat values of EF, PER, etc., it was possible to determine the true mean values of these parameters. The single-beat mean values were compared with the corresponding parameters calculated from one ECG-gated time-activity curve (TAC) obtained by superimposing all the single-beat TACs irrespective of their length. For this population with slow heart rates, we find that the values for EF, etc., produced from ECG-gated time-activity curves, are very similar to those obtained from the single-beat data. Thus use of ECG gating at low heart rates may allow reliable estimation of average cardiac function even in subjects with AF. PMID- 7205366 TI - Radiographic and radionuclide imaging in multiple myeloma: the role of gallium scintigraphy: concise communication. AB - Eighteen patients with multiple myeloma were studied using radiographs of the skeletal system, technetium phosphate bone scans, and gallium-67 scintigraphy. A total of 94 sites were used as the basis for comparison in these 18 patients. Radiographic sensitivity on a patient basis was 94%, and was 82% on a site basis. Bone scans were positive in 78% of patients and in 46% of sites. Gallium scans were positive in 56% of patients and 40% of sites. In five of the 18 patients, gallium scans showed activity in abnormal sites with a greater lesion-to nonlesion ratio than did the bone scan. In this subgroup of patients, the disease was fulminant, and all died within 3 mo of their study. The finding of high gallium uptake in osseous sites that are normal or only slightly abnormal on bone scan has served to identify a subgroup of patients with rapidly progressive disease who may benefit from alternative treatment modalities such as radiation therapy. PMID- 7205367 TI - Chemical and biological studies of Tc-99m N,N'-bis(mercaptoacetamido) ethylenediamine: a potential replacement for I-131 iodohippurate. AB - The tetradentate chelating agent N,N' bis(benzoylmercaptoacetamido)ethylenediamine was synthesized for evaluation as a potential technetium-99m renal-function radiopharmaceutical. Complexes were prepared using different reducing agents and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Biological studies were performed in mice, rats, and rabbits and indicated that the new agent is cleared by the kidneys significantly faster than Tc-99m DTPA (p less than 0.01) and slightly slower than I-131 o-iodohippuric acid (p greater than 0.05). There was no evidence of significant renal retention. Renal excretion in all species studied was 70--75% of the injected dose in 30 min; biliary excretion in rats was 7% in animals with normal renal function and 18% in 90 min in the absence of renal function. We conclude that limited clinical trials are warranted. PMID- 7205368 TI - Evaluation of computer display systems using digital test patterns. AB - Two digital test patterns are used to evaluate computer video display systems. One pattern consists of linear and logarithmic gray-scale wedges, blocks of constant brightness, and horizontal and vertical bar patterns. The other is a cross-hatch bar pattern. These patterns are used to assess display systems' gray scale, resolution, and spatial linearity. Microdensitometry measurements were performed to determine brightness uniformity, spatial resolution, and to relate optical density to exposure. These test patterns, used qualitatively, are useful in the routine adjustment and quality control of digital systems. The precise quantitative characterization of a display system is important in research applications involving image processing. PMID- 7205370 TI - A low-contrast phantom for daily quality control. AB - A simple phantom is proposed to provide a low-contrast test object for daily quality assurance. The phantom consists of four quarters and five dimes taped to a Plexiglas plate. For daily quality control, the phantom is used with 5 cm of Plexiglas as scattering material and a flood source. Examples of images are presented for several gamma cameras, illustrating some of the information that can be obtained. In particular, we present examples of cameras providing improper imaging performance with the coin phantom but with "normal" floods and bar phantom images. The major conclusion is that daily quality-control images should include significant of scattering material and low-contrast objects. PMID- 7205369 TI - Ruthenium-97 DTPA: a new radiopharmaceutical for cisternography. AB - Ruthenium-97 DTPA (diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid) was evaluated for its possible use as a cerebrospinal fluid imaging agent. Ru-97 has favorable physical properties that are highly suitable for imaging: decay by electron capture; gamma energy = 216 keV, 85%; T 1/2 = 2.9 days. Dogs were injected with 0.4 mCi Ru-97 DTPA or In-111 DTPA into the cisterna magna. The movement of the agents was monitored with a camera interfaced to a computer, or with a dual-probe system placed over the head and urinary bladder. In addition, blood and urine samples were collected at fixed intervals for 6 hr. High-quality images were obtained up to 48 hr after injection. The results show that the kinetics and excretion of Ru 97 DTPA are similar to those of In-111 DTPA. Radiation dose for identical activities is twice as high for In-111, in part because of greater abundance of the low-energy electron emission of In-111. PMID- 7205371 TI - Re: validity of left-ventricular ejection fractions measured at rest and peak exercise by equilibrium radionuclide angiography using short acquisition times. PMID- 7205372 TI - Early multiprojectional hepatic imaging in Tc-99m PIPIDA cholescintigraphy. PMID- 7205373 TI - Re: false-negative gallbladder scintigram in acute cholecystitis. PMID- 7205374 TI - What promise the preliminary tests of coronary artery disease? AB - For some patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), bypass operations prolong life. Angiograms, incurring some risk and considerable expense, are prerequisites to surgical therapy; they delineate the region and extent of disease. However, many people who complain of chest pain do not have disease that can be benefited by operation. Therefore, tests that will safely and economically select the appropriate individuals for angiography are most welcome. Yet, if the preliminary tests falsely declare affected people to be free of CAD, they will deny these patients angiography, and, consequently, surgical treatment that would prolong their lives. Decision analysis determines that a false-negative rate of less than 2% is necessary for tests preliminary to angiography if the average survival of patients is not to be shortened. No currently used procedure has attained this sensitivity. Radionuclide ventriculography approaches this precision, but its sensitivity must be sustained in more broadly based studies. PMID- 7205375 TI - Space/time quantitation of thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. AB - A comprehensive method is described for quantitation of the spatial distribution of TI-201 in the myocardium and its changes with time. The method, applied here to 51 patients, uses bilinear interpolative background subtraction to compensate for tissue crosstalk, and circumferential profiles to quantitate the relative radionuclide activity in the myocardium as an angular function with origin at the center of the left-ventricular cavity. In addition, washout circumferential profiles are calculated as percent washout from the stress circumferential profiles. Abnormal thallium distribution or washout is identified by automatic computer comparison of each patient's profiles with the corresponding limits of normal profiles, determined from the pooled profiles of 31 normal patients. In these 31, the computer output was normal in all cases. In 20 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease, 19 were determined to be abnormal by this method. This new computerized treatment provides accurate objective assessment of the presence of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7205377 TI - Sternal infarction in sickle-cell anemia: concise communication. AB - Bone scintigraphy in six children with sickle-cell anemia has demonstrated infarction of bony segments of the sternum. Anterior oblique views of the thorax provided best visualization of the infarcts which were seen as areas of decreased bone tracer accumulation. PMID- 7205376 TI - Enhanced detection of metastatic liver disease by computerized flow scintigrams: concise communication. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a method by which the sensitivity of radionuclide liver imaging for the detection of hepatic metastasis could be enhanced. Routine flow studies were performed before imaging by injecting the usual 2-3 mCl dose of Tc-99m sulfur colloid as a bolus and storing 30 2-sec images in a computer. With regions selected by light pen, curves were generated from the right lobe of the liver, the right kidney, and the descending aorta. The peak of the kidney curve was chosen as a marker to separate the arterial and venous phases on the liver curve. The average slopes of four points on the liver curve before this marker, and four after, were calculated and the ratio of the first slope to that of the second was defined as the arterialization index. In this study with 228 patients, the inclusion of this index raised the sensitivity from 85 to 100%. PMID- 7205378 TI - Studies of the in vivo entry of Ga-67 into normal and malignant tissue. AB - Previous studies of the effect of scandium on the tissue distribution of Ga-67 suggest that Ga-67 makes its initial in vivo entry into normal and malignant tissues by different routes. (Scandium blocking of plasma protein Ga-67 binding increased Ga-67 excretion, decreased its uptake in normal tissues, but had little effect on rodent tumors.) In further studies we have used other methods to alter the plasma binding of Ga-67. Iron saturation of plasma produced effects on Ga-67 tissue distribution similar to those observed with scandium. On the other hand, increasing Ga-67 plasma binding through induction of anemia and administration of apotransferrin produced the reverse of the effects observed with scandium and iron. We conclude that the initial in vivo entry of Ga-67 into tumor tissue involves mainly an unbound or loosely bound form of Ga-67, whereas its uptake by normal soft tissues is strongly promoted by its binding to transferrin. PMID- 7205379 TI - Comparison of renal extraction efficiencies for radioactive agents in the normal dog. AB - The renal extraction efficiencies for various radioactive agents were measured in normal anesthetized dogs during 1 hr after a single intravenous injection. Radioassays were made on serial blood samples drawn simultaneously from the aorta upstream from the renal arteries and from one renal vein. As a reference substance [131I]o-iodohippurate was injected concurrently in all experiments. Blood clearances from serial venous samples and urinary excretion also were measured. Extraction efficiency from whole blood was calculated as (A-V) divided by A, where A = aortic concentration and V = renal venous concentration. This ratio for commercial [131I]o-iodohippurate fell steadily from 88% at 30 sec to 50% at 1 hr. For "purified" [131I]o-iodohippurate the fall was less marked, to 61% at 1 hr. The EE ratios for all other agents were stable after the first minute. The Tc-99m complexes of DTPA, glucoheptonate, and acetylcysteine had ratios averaging 27-29%. The ratios of Tc-99m DMS and Hg-197 chlormerodrin had much lower average values of 8 and 14%, respectively. None of the newer agents approached the extraction efficiency of [131I]o-iodohippurate. PMID- 7205380 TI - Local colloid trapping in the liver in the inferior vena cava syndrome. AB - Local radioactive areas in the liver were observed as a result of superficial cavoportal shunting of radiocolloids in two patients with the inferior vena cava syndrome. In one patient a paraumbilical and/or a recanalized umbilical vein was apparently involved in the hepatopetal shunting. In the other patient a superficial anastomosis other than the paraumbilical vein shunted colloid to the liver. Relatively discrete areas of increased radioactivity, single or multiple, were seen in the left lobe. Virtually all reported instances of hepatopetal shunting of radioparticles in a superior or an inferior vena cava syndrome have demonstrated similar findings. Various hepatopetal collateral pathways in infrarenal caval obstruction are considered, and factors that could affect liver scan findings in the infrarenal obstruction are discussed. PMID- 7205381 TI - Pulmonary scintigraphy in fibrosing mediastinitis due to histoplasmosis. AB - The pulmonary scintigraphic findings from four patients with fibrosing mediastinitis due to histoplasmosis are reported. The ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch mimicked pulmonary emboli. However, in these cases the chest radiographs and/or gallium-67 scintigraphy were abnormal, suggesting mediastinal or hilar disease. Awareness of the nonembolic conditions that can result in V/Q mismatches is important in the interpretation of lung scans. PMID- 7205382 TI - Ruthenium-97 hepatobiliary agents for delayed studies of the biliary tract. I. ru 97 PIPIDA: concise communication. AB - Failure of early diagnosis of biliary atresia results in the development of cirrhosis and death. Commonly used hepatobiliary agents are not ideal for follow up studies because of their unfavorable physical properties or short half-life. The excellent physical properties of Ru-97 should overcome these limitations. Therefore, Ru-97 PIPIDA (N,alpha-(p-isopropyl acetanilide) iminoacetic acid) is being investigated as a potential hepatobiliary agent that would allow an improved diagnosis of the disease. Ruthenium-97 PIPIDA and Tc-99m PIPIDA showed similar blood clearance rates in dogs. Ru-97 PIPIDA scintigrams in dogs showed early uptake in liver and gallbladder and slow excretion through the gastrointestinal tract. Biodistribution studies were performed in normal rats and rats with biliary obstruction. The findings suggest that Ru-97 PIPIDA should be useful for delayed studies (1-3 days) of the biliary tract. PMID- 7205383 TI - Imaging the primate adrenal medulla with [123I] and [131I] meta iodobenzylguanidine: concise communication. AB - An evaluation of radioiodinated meta-iodobenzylguanidine (m-IBG) as an adrenomedullary imaging agent is reported in 15 rhesus monkeys. Scintiscans of the monkey adrenal medulla have been obtained with [123I]- and [m-131I]IBG at 2-6 days after injection. The imaging superiority of m-IBG over its positional isomer, para-iodobenzylguanidine (p-IBG), is documented in both dogs and monkeys. Administration of reserpine, a depletor of catecholamine stores, markedly lowers the [m-131I]-IBG content of the dog adrenal medulla, but the adrenergic blocking agents phenoxybenzamine and propranolol have no effect. Subcellular fractionation of the dog's adrenal medullae reveals that m-IBG is sequestered mainly in the chromaffin storage granules. The results of this study suggest that radioiodinated m-IBG, previously reported to image the primate myocardium, also merits evaluation as a clinical radiopharmaceutical for the adrenal medulla. PMID- 7205384 TI - Digital scintigraphy: principles, design, and performance. AB - In a digital camera the position of a scintillation event is computed following analog-to-digital conversion of photomultiplier pulse charges. Digital position analysis is essentially a mathematical inversion procedure based upon calibrated responses of the photomultipliers to scintillations from a narrow-beamed source that maps a detector's field of view. Operationally, a camera's image characteristics are optimized by means of computer-generated inversion reference tables, individually tailored to the specific response characteristics of each detector. Design considerations indicate that cameras of varied configurations, e.g., linear, disc-shaped, rectangular, or cylindrical, can be analyzed by this method. Also, for any given electro-optical system, energy resolution, spatial characteristics, and event-rate performance can be made superior to analog systems. The measured performances of a one-dimensional test camera, although limited in its optical and electronic design, support this conclusion. PMID- 7205386 TI - A shielded synthesis system for production of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose. AB - A remotely operated, shielded synthesis system for the production of 2-deoxy-2 [18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG) for clinical studies has been developed. Using this system, 25 mCi of 18FDG are produced a the end of a 60-min synthesis from approximately 300 mCi of F-18 (total F-18 recovered from the target at the end of bombardment). The fractional distribution of F-18 among various components of the synthesis system has been measured. This yield of 18FDG (25 mCi) is ample for two consecutive human studies in house or for shipment to collaborating institutions within a 3-hr (door to door) radius. PMID- 7205385 TI - Remote, semiautomated production of F-18-labeled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose. AB - A routine production system for 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (2-18FDG) for medical use is presented. The method involves the preparation of F-18-labeled F2 by the 20Ne(d, alpha) 18F reaction, subsequent fluorination of 3,4,6-tri-o-acetyl D-glucal, purification, and hydrolysis of the appropriate diastereoisomer to obtain 2-18FDG. These operations are performed using a completely remote, semiautomatic system. There have been no failures in more than 220 consecutive production runs. Currently, two preparations per day of 15-25 mCi of 2-18FDG are routinely performed, with a radiochemical purity, measured by TLC, in excess of 95% and with less than 1 mR radiation exposure to the chemist. Reaction conditions, operational variables, and systems are described in detail. PMID- 7205387 TI - Indium-111-labeled human platelets: improved method, efficacy, and evaluation. AB - An improved method for labeling human platelets with In-111 oxine is described. The method used modified Tyrode's solution (MTS) as a labeling medium and allowed 86 +/- 7% incorporation of In-111 into platelets, which upon stimulation with ADP aggregated 66 +/- 15% of control platelets. This compared favorably with the 5% radioactivity uptake in plasma and the 36 and 55% aggregability of platelets labeled in saline and citrated saline, respectively. The influence of parameters affecting the platelet aggregability were examined. The studies revealed that excess of oxine (50 microgram oxine/1.6 x 10(9) platelets in 1 ml MTS), and centrifugation at greater than 1000 g, reduced platelet aggregability. Excess of oxine also caused a dose-dependent release of In-111 from platelets labeled either in MTS or in plasma, but 4 millimol EDTA did not. Release of In-111 upon aggregation of platelets labeled in either medium was negligible. PMID- 7205388 TI - Nuclear medicine in Europe. Considerations of present status and future trends. PMID- 7205389 TI - The impact of digital technology on the scintillation camera. PMID- 7205391 TI - Systolic and diastolic time intervals in the fetal heart. A clinical approach to fetal haemodynamics. PMID- 7205390 TI - Emergency surgery for acute carotid-artery occlusion noted on radionuclide dynamic study. PMID- 7205392 TI - Spontaneous regression of autonomous nodules of the thyroid: a study of eight cases. PMID- 7205393 TI - Physiologic interpretation of time-activity curves from cerebral flow studies: theoretical consideration. PMID- 7205394 TI - Physiologic interpretation of time-activity curves from cerebral flow studies: initial clinical evaluation. PMID- 7205395 TI - The incidence of hypothyroidism after radioactive iodine (131I) therapy for autonomous hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule evaluated by means of life-table method. PMID- 7205397 TI - Use of ultrasonic contrast method in the diagnosis of aortic valvular regurgitation: report of a case. PMID- 7205396 TI - Serum T3, T4, TSH patterns in euthyroid subjects treated with 131I for thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7205398 TI - Availability of phosphorus contained in poultry litter for lambs. AB - Percentage net phosphorus availability (NPHA) and set phosphorus utilization (NPHU) of the phosphorus contained in a heat-sterilized poultry litter (PL) as compared to feed grade dicalcium phosphate (DCP) for lambs was assessed by the "slope" method. The method was based on the evaluation of the function of apparent phosphorus absorption (NPHA), or retention (NPHU), on phosphorus intake. Nitrogen retention was also evaluated. Plasma inorganic phosphorus concentration as a function of phosphorus intake was evaluated and compared to NPHA and NPHU. The percentage of NPHA was found to be 63.7 and 39, and that of NPHU was 63 and 38 for the phosphorus supplied by DCP and PL, respectively. Thus, the NPHA or NPHU for the phosphorus contained in PL is 60.9 and 60.3% of that of DCP, respectively. The slope ratio between the two phosphate supplements as observed for plasma inorganic phosphorus concentrations was similar to those found for NPHA and NPHU but the coefficient of variation was 5 times higher. Nitrogen digestibility was not affected by the level of phosphorus in the diets. Correlation between nitrogen retention and NPHA or NPHU was, however, significant (P less than 0.05). The slopes of dependence of N retention upon phosphorus intake were 2.81 and 1.6 (P less than 0.05) for DCP and PL treatments, respectively, and the ratio between the slopes was 0.57, close to the ratio of NPHU in PL to DCP-supplemented diets. PMID- 7205400 TI - Effect of dietary fat and cholesterol on milk composition, milk intake and cholesterol metabolism in the rabbit. AB - Sixteen female rabbits were fed one of four diets during lactation: 1) a commercial stock diet; 2) the stock diet with 5% added lard; 3) the stock diet with 5% lard and 0.25% cholesterol; or 4) the stock diet with 15% lard and 1% cholesterol. By days 30-35 of lactation, maternal plasma cholesterol concentrations were increased approximately 10-fold in group 3 and 100-fold in group 4 does compared to does in group 1. Milk cholesterol concentration was similar over lactation for does in groups 1, 2 and 3, but was approximately 2 times higher in group 4 does. Milk triglyceride and protein concentrations and milk intake by the pups were not significantly influenced by maternal diet. Average cholesterol intake of pups nursed by group 4 does was significantly higher than that of other pups. Although plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly increased in group 2, 3 and 4 pups at weaning (age 5 weeks), there was no significant effect of maternal diet on plasma cholesterol at 6, 7 or 11 weeks of age after pups had been weaned to the stock diet. Similarly, liver cholesterol concentration was increased in pups from group 4 does at weaning, but these differences were no longer apparent at 11 weeks of age. These data suggest that severe maternal hypercholesterolemia induced by dietary fat and cholesterol in the rabbit can result in increased milk cholesterol concentration and consequent cholesterol intake by the pups. However, the associated elevations in pup plasma and liver cholesterol levels at weaning did not persist when pups were weaned to a low fat/low cholesterol diet. PMID- 7205399 TI - Influence of chronic ascorbic acid deficiency and excessive ascorbic acid intake on bile acid metabolism and bile composition in the guinea pig. AB - The influence of chronic ascorbic acid (AA) deficiency and excessive ascorbate consumption on bile acid metabolism, liver and plasma cholesterol levels, hepatic microsomal cytochromes and biliary lipid composition was investigated. Male weanling guinea pigs were fed a cereal-based scorbutigenic diet supplemented with four levels of AA for 7 weeks: deficient, 15 and 30 mg/kg; control, 500 mg/kg; and excess, 20,000 mg/kg. Bile acid kinetic parameters were determined following the intraperitoneal administration of [24-14C] chenodeoxycholic acid. Dietary extremes of AA caused similar alterations in the parameters studied. Relative to the control group, the deficient and excess groups exhibited reduced cytochrome P 450 concentration, lower cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity, lower bile acid turnover rate, prolonged bile acid half-life and increased plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations. Deficient and excess groups also exhibited lower biliary cholesterol saturation (i.e., increased bile acid-neutral sterol ratios) than controls. Urinary bile acid excretion was 2- to 3-fold higher in excess guinea pigs than in the other three groups. The data demonstrate the exceptional susceptibility of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity to alteration by dietary extremes of AA, resulting in marked inhibition of bile acid synthesis and elevation of cholesterol levels by both inadequate and excessive AA intake. PMID- 7205401 TI - Cholesterol kinetic analyses in copper-deficient rats. AB - Ninety weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allotted into two treatment groups (copper-deficient and adequate; less than 2 mg and 8 mg Cu/kg of diet. Feed and distilled water were provided ad libitum for 16 weeks. After 5 weeks of treatment, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with 6.35 microCI [4 14C]cholesterol/kg body weight. A disappearance curve of the serum cholesterol specific activity (SA) was obtained for each treatment group by killing one animal at 1, 2, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 77 days after the tracer injection. Disappearance curves of serum cholesterol SA were constructed for the rats fed the copper-adequate and copper-deficient diets. Each disappearance curve of cholesterol SA in the serum was subjected to a kinetic two-pool analysis. The size of the fast turning over cholesterol pool (pool A) and the half-life of pool A were significantly greater in rats fed the copper-deficient diet than the controls. In addition, copper deficiency decreased the rate of removal of cholesterol from pool A (KAA), decreased the irreversible removal of cholesterol from pool A (KA) and reduced the rate of transport of cholesterol (KAB) from pool A to the slowly exchangeable pool (pool B). However, copper deficiency did not alter the production rate of cholesterol (PRA) in pool A. Thus, the reduction in the rate of removal of cholesterol from pool A might have been responsible for the hypercholesterolemia observed previously in rats fed copper-deficient diets. PMID- 7205403 TI - Diet-induced changes in NaCl preference and blood pressure in rats. AB - The interrelationship between diet, blood pressure and the acceptability of salt solutions was examined. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high carbohydrate (5% corn oil), all unsaturated fat (20% corn oil) or all saturated fat (20% coconut oil) diets containing either basal (0.15% NaCl) or high (8.0% NaCl) levels of salt. Systolic blood pressure was determined indirectly using an electro sphygmomanometer. Percent acceptance was determined using a two-bottle preference test. Results from this experiment suggest that postingestional feedback mechanisms rather than blood pressure play an important role in determining the acceptability of salt solutions by the Sprague-Dawley rat. PMID- 7205405 TI - Bone pathology and parathyroid gland activity in hypocalcemic magnesium-deficient chicks. AB - Growing chicks fed magnesium-deficient (150 ppm Mg) diets for 14 or 21 days developed significant hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia compared to control chicks fed 1,000 ppm Mg. The hypocalcemia was accompanied by significant parathyroid gland hyperactivity, suggesting that magnesium deficiency did not impair parathyroid gland function. Despite parathyroid gland hyperactivity, however, bone resorption was decreased in the magnesium-deficient chicks, although bone formation was not affected by magnesium depletion. The decrease in bone resorption in the magnesium-deficient chicks was correlated with significant bone magnesium depletion and resulted in increased bone calcium content. These findings suggested that the development of hypocalcemia in magnesium-deficient chicks was related to decreased bone resorption, due to impaired osteocytic function rather than parathyroid gland insufficiency. The results also offer an explanation for the decrease in skeletal responsiveness to PTH which has been reported during magnesium depletion. PMID- 7205402 TI - Reduced intestinal absorption of vitamin E by low dietary levels of retinoic acid in rats. AB - It was observed that rats fed a low dietary level of retinoic acid had markedly lower plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol than did rats fed the same amount of retinol. In this report, the possible mechanisms by which retinoic acid alters vitamin E metabolism has been investigated. Weanling male rats were fed a complete purified diet with either retinol or retinoic acid at 4 mg/kg diet; plasma and tissues were analyzed after 2-5 weeks. The plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration in rats ingesting retinoic acid was one-half that of rats ingesting retinol, and this difference also occurred in the liver and adipose tissue. Similar effects occurred in chicks. This low dietary level of retinoic acid had no effect on plasma triglyceride concentration, as has been reported for higher intakes, and plasma cholesterol and total lipids were also unaffected. Retinoic acid did not affect the rate of decrease in endogenous alpha-tocopherol in normal rats fed a vitamin E-free diet for 3 weeks. In rats with mesenteric lymph cannulas, dietary retinoic acid caused a reduced absorption of 3H-labeled alpha tocopherol. In chicks fed retinoic acid, plasma and liver radioactivity 2.5 hours after an oral dose of 3H-alpha-tocopherol was one-fifth that of chicks fed retinol. More oxidation of alpha-tocopherol occurred during absorption in rats fed retinoic acid than in those fed retinol, as evidenced by more alpha tocopherylquinone in the collected lymph. We postulate that dietary retinoic acid reduces the intestinal absorption of alpha-tocopherol and may also promote its oxidation. PMID- 7205404 TI - Zinc deficiency in the cat. AB - Two experiments were conducted to produce Zn deficiency in, and to establish approximate Zn requirements of, the cat. In experiment 1, soy protein (SP)-based diets were fed for 8 months: diet 1, basal, without added Zn, 15 ppm; diet 2, basal, 15 ppm Zn plus 2% CaHPO4; and diet 3, basal with added Zn, 67 ppm. Gross Zn deficiency symptoms were not observed, although spermatogenesis in cats fed diets 1 and 2 was abnormal. There were no differences in food intake or growth rate between treatments. Mean plasma zinc levels (micrograms/100 ml) for cats fed diets 1, 2 and 3 were 55, 47 and 89, respectively. In experiment 2, the SP was washed with EDTA. Ten 8-week-old kittens were fed the following diets for 14 weeks: diet 4, SP without Zn, 0.7 ppm Zn; diet 5, containing 52 ppm Zn; or diet 6, an amino acid diet, 4.8 ppm Zn. Mean food intake (g/day) and weight gains (g/day) for cats fed diets 4, 5 and 6 were: 17.2, 0.4; 55.0, 19.5; and 31.5, 10.0, respectively. Mean plasma Zn levels (micrograms/100 ml) and liver Zn (ppm) for cats fed diet 4 had poor coats characterized by thinning and slow hair growth and scaliness of the skin and ulcerations of the buccal margins. The cat's requirement for zinc is probably between 15 ppm and 50 ppm. PMID- 7205406 TI - Effect of fluoride on the absorption of dietary fat in rats. AB - The inhibition of lipid absorption by sodium fluoride in adult male rats was investigated following intraduodenal infusion of labeled lipid and cannulation of the intestinal lymphatics. A striking delay in both the appearance and total amount of lymph radioactivity was observed when 26 mM fluoride was included in the infusate. Effective inhibition of lipid absorption was observed over a 15 fold wide range of fluoride concentration (3.3-56 mM). The inhibitory effect of fluoride was not due to an inhibition of lipolysis since the absorption of free palmitic acid was inhibited to the same extent as that of tripalmitoyl glycerol. Studies on the uptake and distribution of infused lipid in the upper small intestine an experiments examining the extent of fluoride-induced absorptive inhibition of different fatty acids suggest that the effect of fluoride may be on the mucosal reesterification of dietary lipid. PMID- 7205407 TI - Role of the sulfur-containing amino acids in protein-induced hypercalciuria in men. AB - A human metabolic study was conducted to determine what part sulfur-containing amino acids play in protein-induced hypercalciuria. The effects on the renal handling of calcium of increasing dietary protein from 50 to 150 g protein were compared with those of increasing the sulfur amino acids to simulate the amounts present in the 150 g protein diet; we also evaluated the effects of adding a 1.5 g supplement of phosphorus to the 50 g protein diet containing the sulfur amino acids. An increase in protein intake caused urinary calcium to double, increased glomerular filtration rate and decreased fractional renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and urinary sodium. Sulfur amino acids added to the low protein diet also caused urinary calcium to increase and fractional tubular reabsorption of calcium and urinary sodium to decrease, but the changes were only 43, 44 and 66%, respectively, those caused by the increase in protein. The phosphorus supplement effectively prevented the hypercalciuria caused by adding the sulfur amino acids to the low protein diet. PMID- 7205409 TI - Effect of a synthetic antimicrobial agent on the rates of synthesis and degradation of liver and skeletal muscle proteins in growing rats. AB - A double isotope technique was used to evaluate the effects of a synthetic antimicrobial compound (carbadox) upon the synthesis and degradation of rat liver and muscle proteins. Trials 1 and 2 used, respectively, 20 and 12 male Sprague Dawley rats with average initial weights of 75 and 81 g. A 16% crude protein corn soybean diet without or with carbadox (55 ppm) was fed. Rats were randomly assigned to diets which were fed 10 days prior to the initial isotope (14C lysine) injection. The second isotope injection (3H-lysine) was made 3 days after the 14C-lysine injection in trial 1, 6 days in trial 2. Four hours after the second injection, the rats were killed and the right and left quadriceps and a sample of liver were removed. Total protein from the right quadriceps was prepared via a boiling trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extraction procedure. The left quadriceps was separated into myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein fractions via a KCl salt gradient. In both trials, gains were similar across treatments, but markedly reduced during the injection periods. Gain/feed prior to injection was greater (P less than 0.05) for carbadox-fed rats. In both trials right quadriceps 3H-incorporation (expressed as 3H cpm/mg protein) and relative degradation (3H cpm/14C cpm) were not affected by dietary carbadox. The sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein fractions were also not significantly affected. However, in both trials liver protein 3H-incorporation was enhanced (P less than 0.025) by carbadox, while liver protein degradation was affected (P less than 0.001) only in trial 2. PMID- 7205408 TI - Urinary calcium and calcium balance in young men as affected by level of protein and phosphorus intake. AB - Eight young adult males were subjects in a 51-day metabolic study conducted to examine the effects of level of protein and of phosphorus intake on urinary calcium and calcium balance. Two levels of protein (50-150 g) were given at each of two levels of phosphorus intake (1,010 and 2,525 mg). Dietary calcium and magnesium were maintained at 500 and 350 mg, respectively. Raising the protein intake from 50 to 150 g caused a calciuresis at both phosphorus intakes, but the actual increase in urinary calcium was 71 mg/day greater at the low than at the high phosphorus intake and calcium balance was changed from 24 to -116 mg/day at the low phosphorus intake and from 8 to -25 mg/day at the high. When the phosphorus intake was raised, urinary calcium decreased from 156 to 93 mg/day at the low protein intake and from 334 to 200 mg/day at the high protein intake and the markedly negative calcium balance found at the high protein intake was greatly improved. Simultaneous increases in protein and phosphorus intakes caused a 28% increase in urinary calcium whereas the increase in protein intake alone caused a 115% increase. PMID- 7205410 TI - Electrocardiographic abnormalities in obese rats fed a commercially available liquid protein diet. AB - Male, obese and non-obese Osborne-Mendel rats were fed a commercially available liquid protein (LP) diet of poor nutritional quality in an amount proportional to that consumed by humans on this diet. Rats fed LP plus vitamins and minerals or a vitamin and mineral mixture only served as control groups. Electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded weekly until the animals lost 45-50% of their original body weight. ECG's were normal in all groups at the start of the experiment. All rats consuming the LP diet only had arrhythmias. Intractable arrhythmias in the human have been of ventricular origin; in rats in this study various atrial disorders of an inconsistent nature were observed. Serum calcium was low in rats fed the LP diet, but normal in magnesium and potassium concentrations. Calcium, magnesium and potassium were in normal concentrations in cardiac and skeletal muscle, and in bone. Zinc and copper concentrations were low in hearts of rats fed the LP diet. The suggested role of calcium, magnesium and potassium in producing cardiac arrhythmias when subjects consume the liquid protein diet studied here as the sole source of calories is questioned. PMID- 7205411 TI - Vitamin B-6 and plasma PLP in pregnancy, lactation. PMID- 7205412 TI - A general mortality study of production workers in the paint and coatings manufacturing industry. A preliminary report. AB - Information has been obtained on a cohort of 16,243 men employed for at least one year in the manufacture of paint or vanish after January 1, 1946, and for seven subgroups on the basis of exposure. These workers experienced a level of mortality that compares favorably with that of the U.S. white male population. The workers' pattern of mortality differed somewhat from the U.S. pattern, with considerably reduced mortality from psychiatric, metabolic, respiratory, and violent causes. There was an increased mortality due to bowel and rectal cancer. While the numbers are smaller, there are also increased rates for liver and skin cancer. Lung cancer rates, while not in excess of the national average, did not match the low mortality from nonmalignant, noninfectious respiratory disease. The authors have concluded that work in this industry presents no major health hazard. PMID- 7205413 TI - Teaching occupational health at the secondary level. AB - A course on occupational health unique at the high school level is being given at an independent college-preparatory day school in California. The course content was initially included in the other offerings, but not has attained its own identification. Enrollment in the course is the largest in any elective offered at the school. Topics covered include all of the significant current issues facing occupational health professionals in the United States today, ranging from federal mandates to specific problems in toxicology. PMID- 7205414 TI - The relationship between alcoholism treatment outcome in terms of drinking and various patient characteristics. AB - The study compared two groups of alcoholics who had received treatment in a multi modal, behavioral program. One group (151 subjects) were not drinking at all at the end of the follow-up year, while the second group (109 subjects) had returned to heavy drinking. The data indicated few differences between the two groups on various psychosocial, work performance and demographic variables when they entered treatment. Both groups showed initial improvement on psychosocial and work performance variables after residential treatment. The abstainer sample maintained the improvement throughout the follow-up year, while the group which returned to heavy drinking showed a significant decrement in psychosocial behavior and work performance after the initial improvement. PMID- 7205415 TI - Pitfalls of spirometry. AB - Many spirograms cannot be interpreted properly even when the technician is expert. The criteria of an interpretable spirogram are (1) full inspiration, (2) quick attainment of highest flow, (3) continuous decrease in flow with expiration, (4) smooth, gradual termination, and (5) expiration lasting three seconds or more. Violation of these criteria leads to "pseudo-obstruction" when expiration is not forceful, to "concealed obstruction" when the graphic record is started late and to two kinds of "pseudo-restriction," one due to inadequate inspiration and the other to premature termination of expiration. A "decision tree" for dealing with large volumes of spirometric data is presented. PMID- 7205416 TI - Estimates of bias in a longitudinal coal study. AB - A large-scale longitudinal study of working coal miners is analyzed to determine biases due to studying only working miners and only volunteers. Reports of symptoms, pulmonary function indices, and chest radiographs were obtained from the first round of the study and comparisons were made of the rates and means among those who participated in the second round, those who had left the industry before the second round, and those who simply did not participate in the second round. Biases were present in nearly all variables studied, but the biases were fairly small. PMID- 7205417 TI - Unjustified conclusion? PMID- 7205419 TI - Prevention strategies in hospital occupational medicine. PMID- 7205418 TI - A case-control study of leukemia in the U.S. rubber industry. AB - A matched case-control study was conducted for 72 cases of leukemia occurring among employees of four rubber and tire manufacturing companies during the period from 1964 to 1973, to determine if certain environmental exposures were related to the risk of developing leukemia. Earlier studies conducted in one company had shown an association of lymphatic leukemia with a work history of possible solvent exposure, and the results of the present study suggest that the association is weaker than previously described. However, recently acquired detailed environmental information reported elsewhere tends to support the initial finding at this company. Further studies are required to fully resolve this issue. A finding was the lack of association in the order three companies. In addition, lymphatic leukemia was found to be associated with work experience in general service jobs for the two larger companies from which a majority (89%) of the cases derive. Intervals from exposure death peaked at 27 to 38 years. No elevated risk for myeloid leukemia was found. PMID- 7205420 TI - Subacute fluoroacetate poisoning. AB - Fluoroacetic acid and some other monofluoro-compounds are among the most poisonous substances known. In man symptoms of poisoning begin after a latent period of one-half to several hours and death follows rapidly. Convulsions and arrhythmia are common terminal signs. No specific changes have been found at postmortem. It is suggested, but unproven, that sudden death of the patient whom this case report concerns was due to subacute fluoroacetate poisoning. PMID- 7205421 TI - Careers in occupational medicine. A committee report. PMID- 7205422 TI - Enumerating worker populations at risk. PMID- 7205423 TI - Skin and eye diseases among arc welders those exposed to welding operations. AB - The prevalence of skin and eye abnormalities was determined in 77 journeymen welders, 75 members of other trades exposed to welding operations and 58 non exposed comparison workers. Characteristics including possible risk factors for skin cancer were compared among the groups. Localized cutaneous erythema was frequent in welders and occasional in other exposed workers. Small cutaneous scars were frequent in welders. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of actinic elastosis by occupational group; however, the degree of elastosis was significantly associated with type of complexion, original hair color, eye color, childhood freckling poor ability to tan and ease of sunburning. There were no significant difference among the groups in the prevalence of various dermatoses, skin tumors, alterations in visual acuity or clinical ocular abnormalities on slit lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy apart from variations in the amount of dust in the lids. The observed prevalences of skin and eye diseases may provide useful comparative data. PMID- 7205424 TI - A worksite hypertension control program for hospital employees utilizing repetitive monitoring. AB - Hospital employment involves certain consequent considerations that should influence the design of a worksite hypertension control program. These factors, which in combination are relatively unique to hospital work, include the statutory requirements for periodic physical examination, the accessibility of individually obtained medical attention, the relatively high employee turnover and the deployment of work staff through day and night shifts. Based upon these considerations, a hypertension control program utilizing physician's assistants to provide semiannual blood pressure determinations to those employees with known borderline or unequivocal hypertension was implemented at Montefiore Hospital in 1977. Personal responsibility for appropriate medical attention was emphasized. During the most recent monitoring, 76% of all employees screened and 80% of those under medical attention were considered to exhibit adequate blood pressure control. This type of program, which can be adapted to other work environments, is well-accepted, effective and economical. PMID- 7205425 TI - Seminar on antibiotics VI: the tetracyclines. PMID- 7205426 TI - Psychiatry and Medicine: 1980. PMID- 7205427 TI - Genetic and clinical patterns of heritable cerebellar ataxias in adults. I. Genetic analyses. AB - Family data on 299 probands with spinocerebellar types, 163 with late cortical cerebellar atrophies (LCCA), and 180 with olivopontocerebellar atrophies (OPCA) were analysed. Spinocerebellar types included cases with cerebellar ataxia combined with spasticity. Their family history was not compatible with sex linked inheritance. There were few recessive cases occurring before 24 years of age. The majority of cases were products of non-consanguineous marriages in which one partner was affected. The genetic ratio was 0.5 for each decade at onset between 20 and 59, suggesting that these cases were dominant. The proportion of these familial cases, however, decreased with increasing age at onset, and there were quite a few sporadic cases among the elderly. LCCA and OPCA were considered to represent extremes of a correlated disease spectrum. Although they were weakly familial, single gene heredity was rejected. Sib recurrence rate was 7.5% for LCCA and 9.4% for OPCA. When calculated for different age groups at onset, the rates decreased with increasing age in the two diseases. The rates increased to 25% and 20%, respectively, given two sibs already affected, and to 37.5% and 22.2% when three were affected. These patterns were incompatible with single gene mechanisms and were similar to those in multifactorial diseases with a threshold effect. PMID- 7205428 TI - Cytogenetic and clinical studies in gonadal dysgenesis with 46,X,Xt(qter leads to p221::p223 leads to qter) karyotype: review and phenotype/karyotype correlations. AB - Chromosome analysis by Q, R, and C banding was performed in a case diagnosed clinically as gonadal dysgenesis and the karyotype was shown to be 46,X,Xt(qter leads to p221::p223 leads to qter). Localisation of the breakpoints in the fused X chromosomes and replication studies have led to a hypothesis on the origin of the translocation. A comparison of clinical and cytogenetical findings in this and other published cases has also been made in an attempt to detect some phenotype/karyotype correlations. PMID- 7205429 TI - A family segregating for E1j and E1k at cholinesterase locus 1. AB - A family segregating for the A, J, and K alleles at cholinesterase locus 1 is described. Several further examples of the AJ and AK phenotypes occur in this family, and one member of the family, by genetic analysis, is phenotype JK. In relation to possible succinylcholine apnoea, phenotypes AJ, AK, and JK should all be considered vulnerable. PMID- 7205430 TI - Sequential staining of euchromatic and heterochromatic regions of the human Y chromosome. AB - A sequential silver-Giemsa (SG) procedure is presented, initially to stain the p11 and q11 euchromatic bands and subsequently the q12 heterochromatic band of the human Y chromosomes. A three sub-band division of the q11 band can be identified. The same technique differentially stains the secondary constriction of chromosome 9 as well as most other satellite III DNA regions of the human karyotype. PMID- 7205431 TI - A cryopreservative procedure for storing cultivated and uncultivated amniotic fluid cells in liquid nitrogen. AB - The cryopreservation of cultured and uncultured amniotic fluid cells is of special importance in prenatal diagnosis. The freezing procedure presented gave a cell recovery of about 95% for cultivated human amniotic fluid cells combined with a rapid appearance of mitosis after inoculation. PMID- 7205432 TI - Agenesis of the lung associated with a chromosome abnormality (46,XX,2p+). AB - We describe a patient with agenesis of the left lung who also had a chromosome abnormality, probably representing a duplication of the distal part of the upper arm of chromosome 2. In addition to this finding, the existence of familial cases of lung agenesis indicate that further studies are required for better understanding of the genetic aspects of this condition. PMID- 7205434 TI - Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 in a deformed boy: 46,XY,del(5)(q13q15). AB - A boy with mental retardation and physical abnormalities has an interstitial deletion of one chromosome 5:46,XY,del(5)(q13q15). PMID- 7205433 TI - Craniosynostosis and syndactyly: expanding the 11q-- chromosomal deletion phenotype. AB - A patient with a partial deletion (q23 leads to qter) of the long arm of chromosome 11 presented with craniosynostosis and syndactyly. These characteristics, which have not been previously reported with 11q--, expand the phenotype of this syndrome and emphasise the need for chromosome analysis with banding techniques in multiple congenital anomaly syndromes, even if the patient could be classified as having a non-chromosomal syndrome. PMID- 7205436 TI - Higher risk to D;G translocation carriers fo tdic(13;21) as compared to tdic(14;21) PMID- 7205435 TI - Neurological and neuropathological findings in ring chromosome 4. AB - Despite the fact that mental retardation, microcephaly, seizures, and hyperactivity are common in patients with ring chromosome 4, little has been written about the underlying neuropathology. We describe a 6-year-old girl whose neuropathological findings included low brain weight, abnormal gyral development, and heterotopic neurons. The significance of these findings in regard to other retardation syndromes is discussed. PMID- 7205437 TI - Cause of neural tube defects. PMID- 7205438 TI - Nephron injury in the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome complicating bacillary dysentery. AB - The electron microscopic appearances of renal biopsy material from four children who developed the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome as a complication of bacillary dysentery are described. Glomerular lesions present included deposits of fibrin and platelets, subendothelial rarefaction and lysis of endocapillary cells with or without necrosis of glomerular epithelial cells and periglomerular tissue. Tubular epithelial necrosis and cytoplasmic degeneration with an infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells were also seen. It is likely that the different glomerular lesions result from thrombosis and obstruction of blood vessels at various levels of the intrarenal circulation. The tubulo-interstitial changes appear to be secondary to glomerular lesions. PMID- 7205439 TI - The juxtaoral organ-a pitfall for pathologists. AB - The first well-documented case in which the juxtaoral organ was identified in a surgical specimen removed because of oral cancer is reported. Recognition of this normal structure, the histological picture of which considerably resembles that of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma was crucial in determining the precise extent of the malignant process. Misinterpreting the JOO as cancer may lead to false prognoses or to unnecessarily extensive surgery. The differential diagnostic importance of orofacial epithelial structures localised perineurally is discussed. PMID- 7205440 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a duplication of the small bowel. AB - A case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a cystic duplication within the small bowel mesentery of a 65-yr-old man is described. The cyst wall had a double layered smooth muscle coat with intervening ganglionic plexus; part of the cyst was lined by ciliated columnar epithelium. Twelve previously reported cases of carcinoma arising in duplications are reviewed together with present case. In all but one case, the onset of symptoms was probably related to malignant change; the age at presentation ranged from 26 to 65 yrs. Pre-operative diagnosis proved difficult, and led to a delay in the appropriate treatment of some of the five cases involving duplications of the rectum. Duplications of the alimentary tract are encountered only occasionally in adults; malignant change, although rare, should be recognised as a possible complication. PMID- 7205441 TI - Effects of tobacco smoke exposure on splenic architecture and weight, during the primary immune response of BALB/c mice. AB - Mice exposed to tobacco smoke (TS) for 3 days or 18 or 28 weeks, prior to SRBC inoculation, subsequently displayed less pronounced and/or "shorter-lived" splenomegaly than are matched controls. In addition mice exposed to TS for three days or 18 weeks displayed a reduction in both the magnitude and duration of the primary immune response as evidenced by the pattern of expansion of splenic white pulp and "RNA-rich" white pulp volumes. In contrast mice exposed to TS for 28 weeks, prior to inoculation, displayed white pulp] and "RNA-rich" white pulp volumes similar to those of control mice. PMID- 7205442 TI - Transport of inhaled dust to extrapulmonary sites. AB - A histological study of the lungs of guinea-pigs that inhaled carbon, chrysotile asbestos or crocidolite asbestos dust indicated that dust particles in macrophages move through alveolar walls towards the pleura. After some weeks accumulations of dust-filled macrophages were found near to pulmonary blood vessels. Macrophages that ingested carbon appeared to be much less mobile than those that ingested carbon appeared to be such less mobile than those that ingested asbestos. In sections from the animals that inhaled asbestos, macrophages were found that were penetrating the wall of blood vessels, dust is transferred to extrapulmonary sites by macrophages in the blood PMID- 7205443 TI - Abnormalities of the spinal meninges in anencephalic fetuses. AB - The spinal cord and meninges were examined, at all levels, in seven anencephalic fetuses of between 19 and 24 weeks of gestation. Four of the seven anencephalics showed dense collections of cells resembling immature neural tissue throughout the spinal subarachnoid space. The leptomeninges were excessively vascular and contained many active macrophages and small round cells in all the anencephalics and the cord was more slender than normal. Control fetuses did not show these features, although inactive macrophages were seen occasionally. It is concluded that the abnormal collections are made up of heterotopic neural tissue which may have been dislodged downwards from the skull during earlier development and that the spinal leptomeninges show an inflammatory response. The significance of both the heterotopia and the phagocytic activity in these anencephalic fetuses is discussed. In particular, the findings are compared with those in patients with the "respirator brain" syndrome, in whom displacement of brain tissue is associated with raised intracranial pressure. PMID- 7205444 TI - The macrophage in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Methods used to separate macrophages from human lympho-medullary tissue samples have been applied to involved and uninvolved spleens and lymph nodes from 44 patients with Hodgkin's disease. The tumour samples yielded a population of ultrastructurally atypical cells with the anatomical and functional attributes of macrophages. The findings suggest that the macrophage was the neoplastic element in the cases of Hodgkin's disease studied. A feature of samples of uninvolved tissue from Hodgkin's disease patients was that there were fewer macrophages identifiable in the samples than in the normal control tissues. These findings suggest that they may be a deficiency of normal macrophages as well as macrophage neoplasia in this disease. Both abnormalities would contribute to the defective cell-mediated immunity which is a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7205445 TI - The in-vitro interaction of eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages and mast cells with nematode surfaces in the presence of complement or antibodies. AB - The adherence in vitro of leucocytes to the surface of various stages in the life cycle of T. spiralis and N. brasiliensis in the presence of serum was examined. Considerable differences were observed in the behaviour of mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages in this interaction. Mast cells adhered for a short time, did not flatten onto the surface and did not degranulate. Adherence ceased after 4-6 hr. Eosinophils adhered within minutes to the surface or worms, flattened and degranulated; only their cytoplasmic remnants could be seen on the worms' surface after 24 hr in culture. In contrast, only a small area of the cytoplasmic membrane of neutrophils flattened on the surface of the worms and adherence ceased after 2-24 hr. The NBT conversion reaction showed a positive deposit at the interface between neutrophils and parasites during neutrophil adherence. This deposit remained as "foot prints" on the surface of the nematodes following neutrophil detachment. This positive NBT reaction occurred only with neutrophils and not with eosinophils, mast cells or macrophages. Macrophages adhered permanently to the surface of these worms, they did not flatten and retained their integrity. Under the light microscope the cytoplasmic inclusions appeared to decrease in size during culture. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of fewer granules and an increased number of vacuoles in later cultures of macrophages. These findings are discussed in relationship to the immunopathology of nematode infection in vivo. PMID- 7205446 TI - Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in children. AB - In an effort to define the importance of extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis in the pediatric age group, we have studied 14 cases and reviewed the literature. The available data suggest that children are as susceptible to dissemination as are adults. Most children with disseminated coccidioidomycosis have evidence, either by history or chest radiographs, of preceding or concurrent pulmonary infection. The most common sites of dissemination are skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone, and meninges. Coccidioides immitis may be detected in tissues or body secretions by microscopic examination or by appropriate culture. Serologic tests are also useful in making the diagnosis and in following the course of the infection. Skin tests are often negative. Infection is progressive in 60% without antifungal therapy. Coccidioidomycosis of bone, skin, or subcutaneous tissue can be managed effectively with combined surgical and antifungal therapy. Meningitis is much more difficult to treat and is fatal in 50% of cases even when treated with amphotericin B. PMID- 7205447 TI - Prophylaxis of varicella in high-risk children: dose-response effect of zoster immune globulin. AB - Immunodeficient patients who were presumed to be susceptible received zoster immune globulin prophylaxis after exposure to varicella. The highest clinical attack rate (35.9%) was seen in household contacts; the lowest attack rate (0%) was observed in children exposed at school. Among household contacts, 48 of 100 patients who received high titer ZIG (reciprocal complement fixation titer greater than or equal to 2,560) developed fourfold rises in serum CF antibody between pre- and 48-hour post-treatment specimens, compared to only one of 34 patients treated with lower titer ZIG lots (P less than 0.001). Patients who developed fourfold antibody rises were significantly less likely to contract clinical varicella (P less than 0.01). Patients who received high titer ZIG also had significantly lower risks of death (P = 0.025) and complications (P = 0.006). Among ZIG-treated patients who contracted clinical varicella, 80% developed mild disease (less than 100 pox), and the median incubation period was prolonged. Immunodeficient children exposed to varicella benefit from ZIG prophylaxis and higher titer ZIG is of greatest benefit. PMID- 7205448 TI - Pathologic versus physiologic cholestasis: elevated serum concentration of a secondary bile acid in the presence of hepatobiliary disease. AB - Serum levels of the primary bile acids cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid are transiently elevated in normal neonates and infants; this represents a state of "physiologic cholestasis." In this study we determined, using specific radioimmunoassay, the concentration of a secondary bile acid, sulfated lithocholate, in serum obtained from healthy infants and from those with various hepatobiliary diseases. The serum levels of sulfated lithocholate were low in 69 neonates (less than 5 days of age: mean +/- SEM = 0.45 +/- 0.05 mumoles/L) and in 78 normal infants (less than one year of age: 0.49 +/- 0.02); there was no postprandial rise. These values were similar to those seen in 95 older children (0.56 +/- 0.03) and in maternal (0.49 +/- 0.04) and cord blood (0.44 +/- 0.03) of the neonates. In contrast, in patients with neonatal cholestasis of any nature there was a consistent marked rise in serum concentrations of sulfated lithocholate (mean = 4.46 +/- 0.39, P less than 0.001). In infants monitored during the course of parenteral nutrition, elevated values of sulfated lithocholate often occurred in the presence of normal results of other liver function tests. Serum sulfated lithocholate concentration is an accurate index of neonatal hepatobiliary disease; the sensitivity and specificity of this test remain to be further defined. PMID- 7205449 TI - Poststreptococcal crescenteric glomerulonephritis in children: comparison of quintuple therapy versus supportive care. AB - Crescenteric glomerulonephritis preceded by a streptococcal infection with creatinine clearance CCr of less than 30 ml/minute/1.73 m2 was treated by supportive care plus three months of quintuple therapy (prednisone, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, dipyridamole, and heparin followed by warfarin) in five children (Group A) or by supportive care alone in five others (Group B). Of the glomeruli examined, 69.8 +/- 11.7% (mean +/- SE) in Group A and 64.4 +/- 10.6% in Group B had crescents which involved 54.0 +/- 10.8% and 60.0 +/- 10.5% of glomerular circumference, respectively. Clinical and histologic findings supported a recent streptococcal infection in every patient. Two patients from Group A had mild proteinuria and normal CCr at 12 months; one died abruptly of pulmonary hemorrhage after maintaining a normal CCr for 25 months. Following a second episode of poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis seven months after the first, one patient from Group B had persistent mild proteinuria for 41 months and hypertension through 56 months of follow-up. Nine surviving patients have maintained normal CCr for eight to 60 months (mean 29.5 months). The findings of this study suggest that this quintuple therapy offers no advantage over supportive care in the clinical management and outcome of children with severe crescenteric glomerulonephritis when an antecedent streptococcal infection is confirmed by serologic and histopathologic criteria. PMID- 7205450 TI - Coccidioidomycosis for all of us. PMID- 7205451 TI - Increased susceptibility to severe pyogenic infections in patients with an inherited deficiency of the second component of complement. PMID- 7205452 TI - Colonic nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in a child with antibody deficiency and near normal immunoglobulins. PMID- 7205454 TI - Bacterial endocarditis with flail mitral valve leaflet. PMID- 7205453 TI - Salmonella cholera-suis: a distinctive bacterial pathogen. PMID- 7205455 TI - Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection presenting as a mediastinal mass. PMID- 7205456 TI - Circulating cryoglobulins in nephropathic cystinosis. PMID- 7205457 TI - Zinc, copper, and vitamin A in pediatric dialysis. PMID- 7205458 TI - A condensed table for predicting adult stature. PMID- 7205459 TI - Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic determination of time of ductal closure in normal newborn infants. PMID- 7205460 TI - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry. I. Correlations in term infants. AB - The transcutaneous bilirubinometer was evaluated in 43 white infants, eight black infants, and in nine white infants treated with phototherapy. The reproducibility of the instruments was determined after trials consisting of both five and 100 repetitions. Among the infants not being treated with phototherapy, TcB index and serum bilirubin concentration correlated at 0.90 level in both white and black infants. Phototherapy reduced the accuracy of the TcB and, at the present time, the use of this index in infants under light therapy cannot be recommended. Otherwise the TcB is a valuable tool in screening healthy term infants for hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 7205462 TI - The diuretic phase of respiratory distress syndrome and its relationship to oxygenation. AB - To determine the relationship between improvement in pulmonary function and diuresis in respiratory distress syndrome, ten consecutive premature infants requiring mechanical ventilation for severe RDS were studied. Every infant had a diuresis (output/intake greater than 80%), which began at 26 to 34 hours of life and which lasted for an additional 64-72 hours. The diuresis preceded significant improvement in AaDo2 and ventilator settings (IMV, PIP, PEEP) by 52 hours. There was a significant decrease in body weight among all study infants during the first four days of life despite an increase in fluid intake. This study suggests a relationship in RDS between improvement in oxygenation and removal of interstitial lung edema. PMID- 7205461 TI - Candida endophthalmitis in the premature infant. AB - An attempt was made to determine the incidence and natural history of Candida endophthalmitis in the premature infant with systemic candidiasis. Each of eight premature infants were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy within one week of their diagnosis. At this stage, four infants had multiple fluffy white lesions on both the retina and the vitreous, together with a diffuse vitreous haze. Three of the infants had interlesional and lesional-retinal vitreous strands. Three infants treated with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine showed gradual disappearance of the lesions. The fourth infant died early in the course of antifungal therapy, when the eye lesions were progressing. Candida sepsis was particularly prevalent in the very low-birth-weight infant with a prolonged hospital course and treated with multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics. The course of the eye lesions indicates a good prognosis for Candida endophthalmitis, although further follow-up is necessary. PMID- 7205463 TI - Successful conservative management of cerebellar hematomas in term neonates. PMID- 7205464 TI - Partial aortic obstruction produced by a thoracostomy tube. PMID- 7205465 TI - Clues to the early diagnosis of neonatal appendicitis. PMID- 7205466 TI - Maximum diuresis--a factor in predicting recovery from respiratory distress syndrome and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 7205467 TI - Functional residual capacity and oxygen tension in apnea of prematurity. PMID- 7205468 TI - Effects of exchange transfusion on neonatal thyroid function. PMID- 7205469 TI - Iron poisoning: an in vitro comparison of bicarbonate and phosphate lavage solutions. PMID- 7205470 TI - Treatment of juvenile acromegaly with bromocriptine. PMID- 7205471 TI - Interstitial pneumonitis and pleural effusion in a one-year-old child with an abdominal tumor. PMID- 7205472 TI - Immunologic basis for childhood neoplasms. PMID- 7205473 TI - Yersinia--a Canadian organism? PMID- 7205474 TI - Croup and corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 7205476 TI - Management of streptococcal pharyngitis. PMID- 7205475 TI - Gentamicin elimination during exchange transfusion. PMID- 7205477 TI - Antibiotic treatment of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7205478 TI - Infectious complications in the child with cancer. II. Management of specific infectious organisms. PMID- 7205479 TI - Do breast-feeding and delayed introduction of solid foods protect against subsequent atopic eczema? AB - Previous studies relating infant feeding to subsequent atopic eczema have had methodologic flaws that include insensitive study designs, nonblind observation, and failure to control for confounding variables. To avoid these flaws, we conducted a case-control study of 636 patients attending a dermatology clinic. The dermatologic problem in each patient was classified as atopic eczema (case), dermatologic condition unrelated to atopy (control), or dermatologic condition with questionable relation to atopy (uncertain). The feeding history was ascertained later, along with family history and demographic data, by an assistant blind both to the question under study and to the case vs control status of each subject. Breast-feeding was not associated with any reduction in the estimated relative risk of developing atopic eczema. No significant relationship was found among the cases between severity of disease and breast feeding nor between age of onset of disease and duration of breast-feeding or age at introduction of solid foods. Even when breast-feeding was redefined as "pure" and exclusive (no nonhuman milk or solids) for greater than or equal to 2 months, no protective effect was uncovered. We conclude that breast-feeding and delayed introduction of solids do not protect against atopic eczema, and that previous claims of protective effects were based on data probably biased by nonblinding and important confounders. PMID- 7205480 TI - Increased incidence of bronchial reactivity in children with a history of bronchiolitis. AB - To assess bronchial reactivity in children who have had bronchiolitis, we studied 48 children by challenging them with methacholine nine or ten years after admission to hospital with bronchiolitis. Pulmonary function was also evaluated. Fifty-seven percent of children studied had bronchial hyperreactivity. Thirty three percent of first-degree relatives of those with a positive MCH challenge had a positive response. There was a significant correlation between the occurrence of a positive MCH challenge and a history of recurrent bronchiolitis. Pulmonary function tests demonstrated lower flow rates in the positive responders. Fourteen children had a history of asthma or wheezing, but this did not appear to be severe or frequent, and few required long-term therapy. There appears to be a strong genetic component in the prevalence of bronchial reactivity in these children. Bronchial hyperreactivity may be a risk factor in the development of COPD. PMID- 7205481 TI - The primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Identification of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome from initial response to prednisone. A report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children. AB - The accuracy of using the initial response to prednisone to identify children with minimal glomerular changes has been assessed in a prospective study of children between 12 weeks and 16 years of age with the primary nephrotic syndrome. The results indicate that, as generally held, the likelihood is quite high, although not 100%, that a child with the primary nephrotic syndrome who responds during eight weeks of initial intensive steroid treatment has MCNS. Prognosis in these patients can be considered to be very favorable and renal biopsy need not be done unless indicated by the subsequent clinical course. However, the prediction that a patient who fails to respond has a glomerular lesion other than MCNS would be incorrect in about one-fourth of all patients with the primary nephrotic syndrome, and in as many as one-half of patients less than or equal to 6 years of age. For these patients, predictions concerning prognosis should be withheld until a renal biopsy provides a histopathologic diagnosis. PMID- 7205483 TI - GMENAC and alphabet soup. PMID- 7205482 TI - Preleukemia in children. AB - Six children who developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia presented with a preleukemic syndrome. The incidence of preleukemic presentation of AMML was 17% of children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, or 2.9% of all children with acute leukemia at this institution, incidences similar to those in adults. During the preleukemic phase, which lasted from three to 35 months, all children had anemia, all had infectious complications, and three of six had hemorrhagic tendencies. Three received steroids before the diagnosis of AMML, and all had some objective response. Two patients died before receiving therapy for AMML. Four children who received AMML therapy with combinations including cytosine arabinoside and an anthracycline achieved complete remission. Ultimately, all patients died. Clues to diagnosis of preleukemia include unexplained cytopenias, either absolute or functional, peripheral blasts, progressive megaloblastosis with an elevated B12 value, dyserythropoiesis, abnormalities of nuclear segmentation, nonrandom chromosomal alterations, and reduced marrow colony to cluster ratio in vitro. Until there is a highly effective therapy for ANLL, precisely when to treat the child with preleukemia remains uncertain. However, treatment should be started before infectious complications or hemorrhagic tendencies become life-threatening. PMID- 7205484 TI - Plasma 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and aldosterone concentrations in infants and children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia--the role of salt-losing hormones in salt wasting. PMID- 7205485 TI - The sweat test: sodium and chloride values. PMID- 7205486 TI - Acute cortical blindness associated with hypoglycemia. PMID- 7205487 TI - Spontaneous resolution of severe childhood myelofibrosis. PMID- 7205488 TI - Metabolic consequences of trichopoliodystrophy. PMID- 7205489 TI - Congenital contractural arachnodactyly, keratoconus, and probable Marfan syndrome in the same pedigree. PMID- 7205490 TI - Uncommon children and common care. PMID- 7205491 TI - Growth and development in children recovering from bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - Of 26 patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 20 (77%) survived and were followed prospectively for two years post-term. Lower respiratory tract infections occurred in 17 of the 20 children (85%), and required hospitalization in ten (50%) during the first and in four (20%) during the second year. At two years post-term only two patients had significant respiratory symptoms at rest, but 78% had residual radiographic changes. The average weight and height at term were at or below the third percentile. Growth occurred at an accelerated rate with improvement of respiratory symptoms, with average weight reaching the third to tenth percentile for both sexes, and tenth to twenty-fifth percentile for height in the boys and the twenty-fifth percentile for the girls by two years post-term. Growth retardation was associated with severe and prolonged respiratory dysfunction. Fifteen (75%) were free of major developmental defects. Five had mean Bayley scores less than 85 at 18 months post-term; one also had hydrocephalus. Developmental outcome seems related to perinatal and neonatal events rather than to the presence or absence of BPD. PMID- 7205492 TI - Brief clinical and laboratory observations. Granulocyte adherence in newborn infants. PMID- 7205493 TI - Evaluation of graphs for insertion of umbilical artery catheters below the diaphragm. PMID- 7205494 TI - Methods of intravenous drug administration in the pediatric patient. PMID- 7205495 TI - The effect of chronologic age on the serum concentrations of amikacin in sick term and premature infants. PMID- 7205496 TI - Prolonged half-life of caffeine in healthy tem newborn infants. PMID- 7205497 TI - Saliva phenobarbital and phenytoin concentrations in epileptic adolescents. PMID- 7205498 TI - Erythromycin-induced hemolytic anemia. PMID- 7205501 TI - Growth chart for sick premature infants. PMID- 7205499 TI - Three-year multimodality treatment study of 100 hyperactive boys. AB - We conducted a prospective study of 100 hyperactive boys admitted to a multimodality treatment program. After a comprehensive evaluation, an individualized psychotherapy plan commensurate with the child's disabilities was developed. In addition to medication, each child was enrolled in one or more indicated psychotherapeutic modalities. Since approximately 50% of our patients dropped out of treatment, groups receiving less and more treatment were compared on outcome measures. At three-year follow-up the group receiving more treatment was found to be further ahead educationally, to demonstrate less antisocial behavior, to be more attentive (as rated by their teachers), to have better adjustment at school and at home (as reported by their parents), and to be more globally improved (as rated by psychiatrists and by parents) than children in the group receiving less treatment. Outcome for the group receiving more treatment was found also to be unusually good as compared to that in other studies of hyperactive children treated for varying lengths of time and evaluated after one to five years. PMID- 7205500 TI - The self-image of adolescents with acute anorexia nervosa. AB - The Offer Self-Image Questionnaire for Adolescents was administered to 30 female adolescents with a diagnosis of acute anorexia nervosa. Patients were divided ianto an early group (12 to 15 years; N = 15) and a late group (16 to 19 years; N = 15). The mean percent weight loss calculated as deviation from norm weight for age and height was 32%, and the mean duration of illness was 1.3 years, similar for both groups, whereas age of onset of anorexia was significantly (P less than 0.001) different. All patients differed significantly from normal adolescents by displaying disturbances in mood and self-esteem (P less than 0.05), in social relationships (P less than 0.05), and in attitude toward sex (P less than 0.05); late adolescent patients additionally showed maladjustment in impulse control (P less than 0.05), self-perception and body image (P less than 0.01), and in general psychopathology (P less than 0.05). Patients were found well adjusted with regard to moral values, family relationships, and educational goals. The lesser adjustment problems in the younger group agree well with reports finding a more favorable prognosis for patients with an early onset of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7205502 TI - Dominantly inherited pterygium colli. PMID- 7205503 TI - Pulmonary hypoplasia with phrenic nerve agenesis. PMID- 7205504 TI - Neonatal rubella following maternal immunization. PMID- 7205505 TI - Attention deficit syndrome in children born to alcoholic mothers. PMID- 7205506 TI - Rickets in low-birth-weight infants. PMID- 7205507 TI - Management of cellulitis. PMID- 7205508 TI - Risks of theophylline therapy in asthma. PMID- 7205509 TI - Training in pediatric psychology: a concern of the 1980s. PMID- 7205511 TI - Training issues: the pediatric psychologist--child neurologist team. PMID- 7205510 TI - Pediatric psychology: perspectives and training implications. PMID- 7205512 TI - Family therapy training in a pediatric setting. PMID- 7205513 TI - Research training in pediatric psychology. PMID- 7205514 TI - Sleep pattern development from 6 through 33 months. PMID- 7205516 TI - The effect of bilateral superior oblique tenotomy on horizontal deviation in A pattern strabismus. AB - In order to determine the horizontal effects of bilateral superior oblique tenotomy, all cases of superior oblique tenotomy performed at the Children's Hospital Medical Center and also in a private practice setting over the past ten years were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 18 patients underwent isolated bilateral oblique tenotomy. An average primary position exo-shift of 2 prism diopters was found; in upgaze a significant exo-shift of 11 prism diopters and in downgaze a significant eso-shift of 21 prism diopters were noted. Analysis of data in the literature on the effects of superior oblique tenotomy suggests that the results of others have, in fact, been consistent with our findings, despite the common misconception that an eso-shift in the primary position was to be expected. PMID- 7205515 TI - Surgery of large angle exotropia. AB - In summary, 22 patients have been presented who have undergone lateral rectus recessions ranging from 8 to 14 millimeters. The overall cosmetic success rate (plus or minus 15 diopters of orthophoria) was 77%. Eight of these patients had unilateral recession-resection procedures. Surgically created incomitance ranged from 3 millimeters to 6 millimeters and correlated only poorly with the amount of surgery performed. None of the patients complained of cosmetic or symptomatic effects of the lateral incomitancy induced. We have restricted surgery of the large angle exotrope to a single, two-muscle procedure, thereby decreasing patient morbidity. It is therefore our recommendation that surgery for large angle exotropia be restricted to two horizontal muscles. PMID- 7205517 TI - The changes in refractive status following routine strabismus surgery. AB - The change in refractive status of an eye that has undergone muscle surgery appears to be due to cornea changes. While not all patients are affected, a moderate number will show enough change in astigmatism to cause a decrease in the visual acuity from a few letters to two lines difference. These changes, more commonly an increase in with the rule astigmatism, tend to disappear in time, although in an occasional patient they may persist. Such a change is especially noted when two nonadjacent recti muscles are operated on the same eye. One advantage in operating on the fixing eye is that of allowing a surgically induced amblyopic therapy to continue into the postoperative period. A noncycloplegic or "dry" retinoscopy seems to be a quick and effective way of determining the existence, though not the amount, of such a change in the refractive status. PMID- 7205519 TI - Orbital hydatid cyst. AB - A six-year-old Bantu child presented with a mass in the right orbital region, proptosis, and moderate pallor of the optic disk. Orbital exploration revealed an unsuspected hydatid cyst. The characteristic histopathologic features of the organism Echinococcus granulosus are emphasized. PMID- 7205518 TI - Marcus-Gunn jaw-winking ptosis: classification and surgical management. AB - Twenty patients with the Marcus-Gunn jaw-winking ptosis phenomenon have been examined. These patients have been classified according to the degree of two parameters: ptosis and jaw-winking. A 3 X 3 matrix has been constructed which gives nine combinations of ptosis (mild, moderate, severe) and jaw-winking (mild, moderate, severe). The rationale for this matrix is given and the surgical procedure advocated for each position is detailed. The operation advocated by Beard for the correction of jaw-winking ptosis has been modified in the following ways: (1) The levator muscle on the jaw-winking side is excised from the tarsal attachments to the orbital apex. This almost totally eliminates the jaw-winking. (2) An upper eyelid blepharoplasty is performed on the jaw-winking side to remove the excess skin. This prevents an overhang of skin following the frontalis sling portion of the operation. PMID- 7205521 TI - Silicone intubation in children with nasolacrimal obstruction. AB - Silicone tube intubations were performed on 36 cases of congenital nasolacrimal obstruction and on three children with traumatic canalicular lacerations. The success rates of 84% in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstructions, 54% in congenital punctal-canalicular obstructions, and 100% in canalicular lacerations and the minimal complications encountered suggest that silicone intubations in the pediatric population are useful in avoiding dacryocystorhinostomy and conjunctivo-dacryocystorhinostomy. PMID- 7205520 TI - Familial chorioretinal vascular anastomoses and congenital cataracts. AB - Familial congenital chorioretinal venous anastomoses in the area of the optic disc in a mother and her daughter are reported. The anomaly was accompanied, in both patients, by bilateral congenital cataracts, bilateral myopic astigmatism with amblyopia, and bilateral abnormal optic discs with corresponding visual field defects. The author postulates that all these ocular anomalies might have been transmitted by the same pleiotropic gene; however, he could not determine the exact mode of transmission of this syndrome. The chorioretinal venous anastomoses include vena vorticosa vaginalis (an accessory vortex vein draining into the pial plexus of the optic nerve sheath) in the mother and optico-ciliary vein in the daughter. The mother also had a dramatic posterior vortex vein that was located between the optic disc and the macula. PMID- 7205522 TI - Ocular injury from a carbonated beverage bottle. PMID- 7205523 TI - Visual evoked response as an aid in diagnosing optic nerve head drusen: case report. AB - In an 11-year-old girl suffering from decreased vision in he right eye, drusen of the optic nerve head were revealed by ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography in this eye. The fellow eye had good vision and looked normal ophthalmoscopically. An abnormal VER led to further investigation, and asymptomatic buried drusen of the optic nerve head were confirmed by fluorescein angiography. PMID- 7205524 TI - Electrophysiological and echographical examination of very young children. PMID- 7205527 TI - Sensory information, fear level, and reactions to pain. AB - An experiment was conducted to investigate the conditions under which sensory information has beneficial versus detrimental value as preparatory information to assist individuals in coping with stress. Fourteen high fear and twelve low fear college women underwent exposure to the cold pressor test. Half of each fear group was provided with sensory information about the sensations produced by the cold pressor and half received a control message. Distress judgments made during the cold pressor showed (a) that sensory information effectively reduced distress for low fear women, but (b) sensory information exacerbated the distress of high fear women--at least during early portions of the cold pressor test. The data generally support Leventhal's (1979) perceptual-motor theory of emotion and have pragmatic implications for those persons who provide preparatory information to individuals anticipating a stressful encounter. PMID- 7205525 TI - Prognosis for education of children with bilateral congenital microphthalmus. AB - Retrospective study of 34 patients with bilateral microphthalmus and follow-up of 30 of these revealed mental retardation of seven, an incidence equal to or less than reported by others. Of greater import is the number of highly educated or extremely good students, a finding not previously reported. Familial incidence of microphthalmus was low (4 probable but unproved cases). It seems that in counseling parents of children with microphthalmus we should be optimistic about the future achievement of these children. Support should be provided during their learning years, and we must promote better acceptance by the community, particularly in regard to employment. PMID- 7205526 TI - Fibroma of the lacrimal sac. AB - A case of fibroma arising from the anterolateral wall of a healthy lacrimal sac on the left side in a 22-year-old male is reported. There was no epiphora. The tumor presented as a painless, nonreducible swelling in the lacrimal sac region. It was excised off leaving a patent sac. The diagnosis could be established only on histopathologic examination. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and there was no postoperative epiphora. PMID- 7205528 TI - Activation of autonomic nervous system during exposure of rats to restraint and water immersion stress. II. Comparison with restraint stress. AB - To determine whether initial sympatho-adrenal stimulation during stress was responsible for inducing a parasympathetic stimulation, the autonomic nervous activities were estimated in rats subjected to either restraint stress or restraint and water immersion stress. The parasympathetic and sympatho-adrenal activities were estimated functionally by measuring responses of gastric motility and heart rate, and also chemically by measuring catecholamine content in urine and tissues such as the heart and adrenals. Restraint and water immersion produced a definite parasympathetic predominance in contrast to the case of restraint alone. But both kinds of stress developed an increase in the sympatho adrenal activity, and the extent of their increase was almost the same when evaluated on the basis of urinary catecholamine content. These findings indicate that initial sympatho-adrenal stimulation is not directly associated with parasympathetic stimulation. A marked fall in body temperature during stress was assumed to participate somewhere in the induction of parasympathetic stimulation. PMID- 7205530 TI - Structure-activity relationships for the inhibition of formation of acid-fastness im mycobacterial organisms by coumarins and cinnamates. AB - The relationships between the structure and inhibitory activity against the formation of acid-fastness in mycobacterial organisms were investigated in naturally occurring or synthetic coumarins and cinnamates. The presence of an OH group at C7 in the coumarin nucleus proved to be essential for the inhibitory activity. Likewise, the presence of a para-OH-group in cinnamates is also essential. Reduction of a conjugated alpha, beta-double bond in both series resulted in a decrease of the ininhibitory activity. Shortening of the side chain of cinnamates resulted in total loss of the activity. The grouping -C-C-CO2R appeared to be necessary for retaining the inhibitory activity. PMID- 7205529 TI - Metabolic fate of chromium compounds. I. Comparative behavior of chromium in rat administered with Na251CrO4 and 51CrCl3. AB - Comparative metabolic fate of labelled chromium chloride and sodium chromate and interaction of these compounds in the rat liver and blood were investigated after their oral and intravenous administration. Gastrointestinal absorption of both compounds was below 1% of the oral dose, but trivalent chromium showed higher radioactivity than the hexavalent form in rats (biological half-life: CrCl3 91.79 days, Na2CrO4 22.24 days). The higher residual activity of the trivalent chromium was also observed after intravenous administration. Both forms of chromium were excreted more in the urine via the kidney than in the intestinal tract after intravenous administration. When 51CrCl3 and Na251CrO4 were injected into rats, in the time-distribution patterns of 51Cr in the organs, a significant difference was shown between oxidation states of the two compounds, especially in subcellular fractions of the liver and blood constituents. This significant difference mainly observed in the rat blood came from the fact that trivalent chromium possessed a high binding activity for transferrin in plasma, while hexavalent chromium was permeable into red cells and bound with hemoglobin. PMID- 7205531 TI - Effects of nonspecific smooth muscle relaxants on glycogen phosphorylase activity in depolarized taenia caecum of guinea pig. AB - Effects of papaverine, Aspaminol (an antispasmodic drug), D-600, 2, 4 dinitrophenol and Ca ions on glycogen phosphorylase activity in the KCl depolarized taenia caecum of guinea pig were tested. External Ca ions dose dependently activated phosphorylase, indicating that Ca ions, which entered the smooth muscle cells, played an important role in the regulation of phosphorylase activity. Aspaminol, D-600 and removal of Ca ions from bath fluid inhibited phosphorylase activity. Since these treatments relaxed the taenia caecum, the decrease of phosphorylase activity after the treatments may be mainly due to the decrease of energy consumption. Papaverine and 2, 4-dinitrophenol induced an activation of phosphorylase which might be for replenishment of energy stores decreased by them. PMID- 7205532 TI - Pharmacological studies on iridoid compounds. II. Relationship between structures and choleretic actions of iridoid compound. AB - The relationship between the structures and the choleretic actions of iridoid compounds was examined. Only patrinoside and villoside accelerated bile secretion among the iridoid glucosides but all of the iridoid aglycones increased it after intravenous administration rats. The choleretic effects of villoside, patrinoside aglycone, and 11-deoxy patrinoside aglycone were far weaker in comparison with those of other active iridoid compounds. When an equimolar amount of patrinoside, its aglycone, or 11-deoxy patrinoside aglycone was administered intravenously, their periodical patterns of choleretic activities nearly paralleled with those of isovaleric acid excreted in the bile. Patrinoside was partly hydrolyzed into its aglycone by the artificial gastric juice or the intestinal content. After intraduodenal administration of patrinoside (1 g/kg), the amount of patrinoside enough to exert a choleretic action was detected in the portal blood. These findings indicate that the hemiacetal moiety of iridoid compounds plays an important role in exerting a strong choleretic action and that patrinoside shows the same action following saponification of isovalerate of C-1 position in the liver. PMID- 7205533 TI - Antiinflammatory principles of Aconitum roots. AB - The methanol extracts of Aconitum roots have shown inhibition of increased vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and of hind paw edema produced by carrageenin in mice. The extract of A. carmichaeli has been fractionated, monitored by the capillary permeability test, to yield the aconitines as active principles. The aconitines have inhibited the increased vascular permeability induced by acetic acid in mice peritoneal cavity and that induced by histamine in rat intradermal sites, and the hind paw edema formation induced by carrageenin n rats and mice at low doses. The benzoylaconines have exhibited inhibitory effects of the aforementioned acute inflammations but at higher doses. The aconitines have reduced the granulation tissue formation of the chorio-allantoic membrane of the chick embryo. On the other hand, the Aconitum alkaloids have elicited no effects on the ultraviolet erythema formation in guinea pigs at lower doses than the lethal ones and failed to show positive responses on the vascular permeability in the granuloma pouch and on adjuvant arthritis in rats at the doses employed. PMID- 7205534 TI - Differential antagonisms of anticonvulsants to various components of maximal seizures induced by electroshock or pentylenetetrazol in mice. AB - Effects of antiepileptic drugs on various components (TF: tonic extension of forelimb, TH: tonic extension of hindlimb and CL: clonic convulsions or MCL: myoclonus) of maximal seizures induced by electroshock or pentylenetetrazol in mice were examined in order to classify these drugs. In addition, experiment was conducted similarly on the new anti-convulsant agent, 3-sulfamoylmethyl-1,2 benzisoxazole (AD-810), in order to assess this compound on the basis of the results with clinically useful antiepileptic drugs. From the results obtained in the present study, irrespective of the method, i.e. chemically or electrically induced seizures, anticonvulsant drugs tested can be classified into four main groups; 1) drugs (trimethadione, ethosuximide, nitrazepam, diazepam, erthotoin and metharbital) with an effect to antagonize all the whole seizure components. (TF, TH and CL or MCL) in an almost same antagonism, 2) drugs (phenacemide, dipropylacetate, pheneturide, acetylpheneturide and phenobarbital) which inhibit all forms of seizures at relatively dissociated doses for the prevention of each component of seizures, 3) drugs (diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine) which selectively abolish both components (TF and TH) of tonic seizures, and 4) drugs (acetazolamide, sulthiame and primidone) exclusively blocking TH of tonic seizures. AD-810 demonstrated an antagonistic effect on tonic seizures but no on clonic ones with the same manner as seen with diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine. PMID- 7205535 TI - Cholesterol diet increases plasma and liver concentrations of cholesterol epoxides and cholestanetriol. AB - Cholesterol alpha-epoxide (5, 6 alpha-epoxy-5-alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol), cholesterol beta-epoxide (5, 6 beta-epoxy-5 beta-cholestan-3 beta-ol), and cholestanetriol (5 alpha-cholestane-3 beta, 5, 6 beta-triol) were isolated from plasma and liver of rabbits by high performance liquid chromatography and identified by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. The 5, 6-oxygenated cholestanols in the plasma and liver of rabbits fed for two months on a diet supplemented with cholesterol wee elevated to 2-5 times and 5-8 times for normal level, respectively. Among the 5, 6-oxy-generated steroids, the beta-epoxide existed at the highest level in tissues of both control and cholesterol-fed rabbits. The ratios of the beta-epoxide to the alpha-epoxide were 2-3 in all the examined biological specimens just as the previously demonstrated ones in the vitro lipid peroxidation-mediated reaction of cholesterol. These results strongly suggest that the epoxidation of the cholesterol double bond in the animal may be mediated by lipid peroxidation. The elevated 5, 6-oxygenated cholestanol levels on long term cholesterol feeding will be discussed in relation to a possible physiological role of cholestanetriol in regulation of tissue cholesterol levels. PMID- 7205536 TI - Apomorphine- and haloperidol-induced change in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid content in the mesolimbic-striatum of the developing rat. AB - The mesolimbic-striatal content of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) gradually increased with age in the developing rat. An intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of apomorphine (2 mg/kg) or haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) caused a significant change in the DOPAC content on day 20 and day 70, but not on day 7. However, a higher dose of apomorphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or haloperidol (5 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as that of alpha-flupenthixol (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly affected the mesolimbic-striatal content of DOPAC in 7-day-old rats. In 24-day old rats subchronically treated with haloperidol (1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg for 10 days, s.c.), apomorphine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant reduction in the mesolimbic content of DOPAC at the withdrawal stage of the drug, but not in control rats. It is suggested that mesolimbic-striatal dopamine (DA) receptors which are not fully sensitive to DA agonists and antagonists on day 7 reach functional maturity by 20 days of the postnatal age in the rat. PMID- 7205537 TI - Effect of bisulfite on cell-to-substratum adhesion of Chinese hamster cells in culture. AB - The direct action of bisulfite on cultured mammalian cells was studied. Chinese hamster cells precultured in plastic dishes for 2 hr were treated for 1 hr with balanced salt solutions containing bisulfite. Then they were washed, and their colony-forming ability in normal medium was determined. Significant decrease in the colony formation was observed upon treatment with bisulfite solutions over 30 mM concentration. The decrease in the colony number was found to be due to detachment of the cells from the dishes during treatment with bisulfite and subsequent washing. When the preculture time was prolonged to allow the cells to adhere to the dish more firmly, the effect of bisulfite was no longer observable. These results indicate that factors required for cell-substratum adhesion are susceptible to bisulfite. PMID- 7205538 TI - Modified distribution of methylmercury by additional exposure to elemental mercury or mercuric chloride in mice fed methylmercuric chloride. AB - Male IVCS mice fed pellets containing 8 nmol methylmercuric chloride (MMC)/g feed for 32 days were additionally inhaled elemental mercury vapor (Hg0) or injected mercuric chloride (Hg2+). The modified distribution of accumulated organic mercury was observed 24 hr after exposure to inorganic mercurials. The body burden of organic mercury decreased significantly in MMC + Hg2+ treated mice and moderately (nor significant) in MMC + Hg0 treated mice when compared with MMC treated mice. In spite of the decreased body burden, the organic mercury levels in brain, kidneys and blood MMC + Hg0 treated mice, and in kidneys of MMC + Hg2+ treated mice were elevated. In bile, organic mercury concentration after Hg0 or Hg2+ exposure was reduced. The decrease of the blood cells-to-plasma ratio of organic mercury in mice after Hg0 exposure is in agreement with the data reported for workers exposed to mercury vapor. PMID- 7205540 TI - Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on environmental pollutants and toxicology, Nagasaki. PMID- 7205539 TI - Antitumor activity of newly isolated antibiotics, 3-dichloromethylactinobolins. AB - Three new antibiotics isolated from broth cultures of a Pseudomonas were evaluated for antitumor activity against murine leukemias L1210 and P388. The antibiotic with the dichloromethyl group at the 3 position of actinobolin, an antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces, is the major product (Y-12278), and two analogs of Y-12278 are minor. When these antibiotics were administered i.p. on days 1 to 4 to mice bearing ascitic leukemias, the most effective was Y-12278, which increased the lifespan of mice implanted with leukemias L1210 and P388 by 88 and 110% over controls, respectively. On the same treatment schedule, less than 60% ILS (increase in lifespan) was obtained by oral and s.c. administration of Y-12278 to mice implanted i.p. with these leukemias, and by its i.p. injection to mice implanted i.c., i.v. and s.c. with leukemia L1210. With i.p. administration of Y-12278, a single injection on day 1 only was less effective in increasing the lifespan of mice bearing ascitic leukemias L1210 and P388 than the prolonged treatment schedules such as daily on days 1 to 4. Y-12278 administered i.p. on days 3 to 6 was shown to possess antitumor activity against i.p. implanted rat hepatomas. More than 200% ILS was seen in hepatomas AH44 and AH7974F. PMID- 7205541 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies on 4'-chloro-5-methoxy-3-biphenylylacetic acid and its metabolites in rats and humans. PMID- 7205542 TI - Brain level of pentobarbital is the primary determinant for the development of hypnotic of hypnotic tolerance in mice. AB - Controlling the duration of hypnotic effect of pentobarbital by simultaneously administered bemegride, the relationship between the duration of hypnosis and the degree of developed tolerance after acute or chronic treatment was investigated in mice. Bemegride attenuated the hypnotic effect of pentobarbital, but neither the brain level of pentobarbital nor the development of tolerance was modified by bemegride, indicating that the brain level of pentobarbital is the primary determinant for the production of tolerance and full duration of hypnosis is not essential in this mechanism. PMID- 7205544 TI - Comparative study between steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the mode of their actions on vascular permeability in rat carrageenin-air-pouch inflammation. AB - In an attempt to clarify mechanisms of anti-inflammatory actions of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with special reference to the possible role of E type prostaglandins in the inflammatory process, mode of actions of these drugs was investigated by using acute exudative stage and chronic proliferative stage of carrageenin-air-pouch inflammation in rats. This inflammation was induced on the back of rats by subcutaneous injection with air and carrageenin solution. Plasma exudation in the inflammation locus was determined with the aid of radioiodinated serum albumin. In the acute exudative stage of this inflammation, a single oral administration of dexamethasone, indomethacin, phenylbutazone or aspirin all exerted potent anti-exudative effect, while in the chronic proliferative stage, only dexamethasone was effective in inhibiting the exudation of the labeled albumin. Prostaglandin E level in the exudate of the acute stage inflammation was suppressed by either dexamethasone or indomethacin in accordance with the inhibition of the vascular permeability. These results suggest (1) significant role of prostaglandin E in the acute exudative inflammation, (2) similarity between steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the mechanism of their anti-exudative actions in the acute inflammation, (3) independency of the exudative process in the chronic proliferative inflammation from prostaglandins and (4) role of extra-prostaglandin mechanism(s) for the anti-exudative action of the anti-inflammatory steroids. PMID- 7205543 TI - New chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates for the determination of butyrylcholinesterase and arylesterase activities. AB - A simple direct spectrophotometric method for the determination of butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) and arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2) activities has been developed. New chromogenic substrates, (3-carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium iodide o-nitrophenyl ester (I) and (3-carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium iodide p nitrophenyl ester (II), as well as new fluorogenic substrate, (3 carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium iodide 4'-methylumbelliferyl ester (III), were used in this study. Horse serum butyrylcholinesterase equally catalyzed hydrolysis of the compounds, I, II and III. Hydrolysis of these compounds by trypsin, chymotrypsin, acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase was negligible or quite slow. By human serum butyrylcholinesterase, however, only the compound I was preferentially hydrolyzed. The compound III, by contrast, was found to be a specific substrate for arylesterase of human serum without being affected by the butyrylcholinesterase. All these measurements were carried out readily and efficiently, by analyzing highly colored products with I and II, and highly fluorescent product with III. PMID- 7205545 TI - The study on the biological fate of paraben at the dose of practical usage in rat. II. The pharmacokinetic study on the blood concentration after the administration of ethyl paraben or p-hydroxybenzoic acid. AB - The biological fates of ethyl paraben and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in rat were investigated after intravenous and intraduodenal administrations at the dose of 2 mg/kg. The blood concentrations were measured in detail from 3 min after the administration at appropriate time intervals until 90 min. Areas under the blood concentration curves and clearances were calculated from these time course data. Ethyl paraben was little detected in blood after intraduodenal administration. It is suggested that the intestinal metabolism and the first pass effect in liver greatly contribute to the hydrolysis of ethyl paraben. Total radio activity after intraduodenal administration did not show the maximum peak and decreased rapidly. The maximum peak was not observed also in the time course of p-hydroxyhippuric acid after intravenous administration. It shows that not only the rate of hydrolysis but also absorption and conjugation are very rapid. The differences of the areas under the blood concentration curves of p-hydroxybenzoic acid or p hydroxyhippuric acid was found between the routes or chemical forms of administration. The complex kinetic mechanisms were assumed in the biological fates of these compounds as follows: Conjugation to p-hydroxyhippuric acid is excellent in ethyl paraben administration than p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and in intraduodenal administration than intravenous administration. These phenomenon can not be explained by the conventional kinetic model which is constructed with the connected blood compartments in series. The kinetic models including the assumed routes conjugating directly ethyl paraben in blood or intestine to p hydroxyhippuric acid were presented, and the least square curve fitting analyses were carried out on these kinetic models. PMID- 7205546 TI - Cardiovascular effect of "peritoneal dialysate-depressor-I", a short-active hypotensive phospholipid in dog peritoneal dialysate. AB - Cardiovascular action of "peritoneal dialysate-depressor-I" (PD.D-I), a short acting hypotensive phospholipid occurring in dog peritoneal dialysate, was investigated. With an intravenous injection of PD.D-I into an anaesthetized rat, a sharp fall of arterial blood pressure was observed and the effects were dose dependent. The maximum hypotensive effect was about 60 mmHg and the minimum effective dose was approximately 35 micrograms/kg. Neither tachyphylaxis nor sensitization was observed. Even in conscious rats PD.D-I elicited hypotensive responses, though the effect was much weaker than that produced in anaesthetized rats. In spinal rats the hypotensive effects were also observed. In the tests on rats reserpinized or pretreated with antimuscarinic, antihistaminic, beta adrenergic-blocking and ganglionic-blocking agents, the depressor effect of PD.D I was not affected. PD.D-I elicited also hypotensive responses in anaesthetized cats, rabbits and guinea pigs in the same degree as those in anaesthetized rats. The relaxation of the peripheral blood vessels was observed in the test on perfused rabbit ear. The depressor factor showed no smooth muscle stimulating activity in isolated guinea pig ileum preparations. Judging from these findings, the hypotensive effect of PD.D-I is not ascribable to the central, sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system but possibly to direct action on the peripheral vascular system. PMID- 7205547 TI - Comparison of effects of external Ca2+ on antioxytocin actions of antispasmodics in ovariectomized and estradiol-treated rat uteri. AB - The influence of Ca2+ on the antioxytocin actions of papaverine, deoxycholate and 1,1-diphenyl-3-piperidinobutanol hydrochloride (Aspaminol) was investigated in the ovariectomized and the estradiol-treated rat uteri, and Ca exchangeability and Ca content in both uteri were compared. No qualitative difference in the responses to deoxycholate and Aspaminol at normal and higher Ca2+ concentrations in the estradiol-treated rat uterus was seen as compared to those obtained from the ovariectomized one. The antioxytocin action of papaverine in the estrogenized uterus was antagonized by excess external Ca2+, but not in the ovariectomized one. There were no significant differences either in the total Ca content or the non-displaceable Ca by La between the ovariectomized and the estrogenized rat uterine longitudinal muscle layers, while Ca exchangeability in the estrogenized was much greater than that in the ovariectomized one. These results suggest that the antagonism of papaverine against exogenous Ca2+ may be related to the more increased Ca exchangeability in the estradiol-treated rat myometrium. PMID- 7205548 TI - Pharmacological studies of gardenia fruit. V. Mechanisms of inhibitory effect of genipin on gastric acid secretion and its facilitatory effect on bile secretion in rats. AB - In the experiment on continuous perfusion of rat stomach in vivo, genipin inhibited only the gastric acid secretion induced by carbachol, but not by tetragastrin, or histamine. In the experiment on isolated organs, genipin showed a weak competitive anti-acetylcholine action on the intestinal contraction. Based on these facts and results reported previously, it is conceivable that anti cholinergic action at least partly contributes to the genipin-induced inhibitory effect on gastric functions. Erythritol clearance was increased with the increase in bile flow by administration of genipin. Genipin showed a significant choleretic action, and just then the concentration of biliary bile acid was decreased inversely. In the relationship between bile flow and biliary bile acid excretion rate, the slope of regression line obtained from genipin-treated group was not significantly different from that of control, and these lines were approximately parallel to each other. Genipin did not affect the concentration of sodium, potassium, chloride, or bicarbonate in the bile collected during the initial stage, in which bile flow was increased, after administration. It is concluded from these results that genipin-induced choleretic action proceeds by a mechanism wherein water is driven along osmotic gradient which originates in the transport of bile acid-independent fraction from hepatocytes into canaliculi, mainly through active Na+ transport. PMID- 7205549 TI - Influence of facial expressions on the classical conditioning of fear. AB - Previous research has demonstrated that particular facial expressions more readily acquire excitatory strength when paired with a congruent unconditioned stimulus than when paired with an incongruent outcome. The present study extends these findings on the excitatory and inhibitory role of facial expressions by demonstrating that particular facial expressions (fear and happy), when paired with a neutral cue (tone), can influence conditioning to the neutral conditioned stimulus (CS). It was found that subjects who had a fear expression paired with the neutral CS responded more to the fear expression than to the neutral CS, whereas subjects who had a happy expression paired with the neutral CS responded more to the neutral cue than to the happy expression. These findings strongly support predictions from "overshadowing" or "blocking" models of classical conditioning. PMID- 7205550 TI - The hidden observer in hypnotic analgesia: discovery or experimental creation? AB - Eight highly susceptible subjects were assigned to Hilgard's training procedures for eliciting "hidden" reports during hypnotic analgesia. These procedures indicate to subjects that a "hidden part" of themselves continues to feel high levels of pain while their "hypnotized part" experiences reduced pain. A second group of 8 subjects was given the opposite expectation concerning "hidden-pain"- that their "hidden part" would feel less pain than their "hypnotized part." Results were unambiguous. Subjects expecting high levels of "hidden" pain reported high levels whereas those expecting little "hidden" pain reported low levels. These results are inconsistent with the notion that "hidden" reports reflect the intrinsic activity of a "dissociated state." Instead, they indicate that "hidden" reports result from subjects' attempts to convincingly enact the role of "good hypnotic subject" as this role is defined for them by the experimental procedures they undergo. PMID- 7205551 TI - Relation between loneliness and depression: a structural equation analysis. AB - Research on loneliness has been hampered by its strong association with depression. The two states frequently co-occur, and measures of the two states are substantially correlated. Inability to manipulate experimentally loneliness or depression makes it difficult to untangle the causal influence of one on the other. The combination of longitudinal design and structural equation methodology is proposed as a solution to this general problem. Measures of loneliness and depression were administered to undergraduates at two points 5 weeks apart. Data from 333 subjects were correlated and analyzed under a succession of structural equation models. Results indicated that loneliness and depression were correlated but clearly different constructs; neither was a direct cause of the other, though both probably share some common origins; both were highly stable over to 5-week period. PMID- 7205553 TI - [Model analyses of interfacial transfer and absorption behaviors of drugs following dissolution: approach to evaluation procedure of bioavailability (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205552 TI - [Electrical phenomena of the heart cell and the effects of various drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205554 TI - [Duration of the local anesthetic action of dibucaine by liposomes and its mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205555 TI - [Pain caused by degradation product of sodium cephalothin injection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205556 TI - [Effects of particle size of rifampicin and addition of magnesium stearate on release of rifampicin from hard gelatin capsules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205557 TI - [Synthesis of 10,11-dihydro-5h-dibenzo[a,d] cycloheptene derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205558 TI - [Pharmacological studies on the Chinese crude drug "Shoma". III. Central depressant and antispasmodic actions of Cimicifuga rhizoma, Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205559 TI - [Relationship between chemical reactions and antitumor activities of bis(haloalkyl)piperidine derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205560 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. I. Biological activities of the acidic fraction soluble in n-hexane of the roots (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205561 TI - [Biologically active principles of crude drugs. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of "Keigai (Shizonepeta tenuifolia Briq)" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205562 TI - [Effects of phenylbutazone on the plasma protein binding, plasma concentration and urinary excretion of salicylic acid in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205563 TI - [Synthesis of pyrrolidine derivatives with pharmacological activity. X. Synthesis of 1,1-diethyl- and 1,1-(epimeric)-ethylmethyl-2-methyl-4-diphenyl methylenepyrrolidinium iodides as potential anticholinergic agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205564 TI - [Anti-tumor activities of some lichen products and their degradation products (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205565 TI - [Studies on the syntheses of antispasmodic agent. IV. Synthesis of 2-cyclohexyl-r 2-phenyl-c- and t-4-piperidinomethyl-1,3-dioxolan methiodide (studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. DCCCXLVI) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205566 TI - [High-speed liquid chromatographic analysis of drugs. XI. Quantitative determination of swertiamarin in Swertiae Herba (author's transl)]. PMID- 7205568 TI - Suspension theory--psychological/physiological states. PMID- 7205567 TI - Where have all the researchers gone? PMID- 7205569 TI - Cost evaluation of alternative pharmaceutical tableting processes by simulation. AB - A simulation model and a subsequent computer program were developed as experimentation methods for evaluating tableting processes with respect to cost. These methods also allow estimation of the various times involved in a tableting operation (e.g., the processing time). The model was programmed in FORTRAN using the GASP IV simulation language. After verification of the program, experiments were run that involved comparing different levels of specific input variables to determine which variable had an effect on the cost-time relationships of a particular processing method. Among the possible input variables chosen for evaluation were the drying method, the type of tableting machine, the batch size, the labor rate, and the operation of the equipment in the process. An analysis of variance was made, and three separate regression equations were developed that described the relationship between the input variables and the dependent variables of processing cost and time. Graphs were developed from the regression equations by manipulating them through series of different independent variables. These graphs then were used in determining minimum costs and times, breakeven points, and rates of change, as well as in simple evaluation of processes through graphic representation. By using the simulation program to run experiments and then by analyzing them, results can be obtained to help in making intelligent decisions about the cost-time relationships of a particular tableting procedure before it is implemented. PMID- 7205571 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of coumarin anticoagulants. XLVI: Effect of treatment of phenobarbital on pharmacokinetics of (S)-(-)-warfarin in rats. AB - This investigation was carried out (a) to determine if the enzyme inductive effect produced by phenobarbital reduces the interindividual variability in the biotransformation of a drug, as suggested in the literature; (b) to test whether the intrinsic clearance of free drug, for drugs exhibiting restrictive clearance, reflects the activity of drug-metabolizing enzyme systems; and (c) to determine if enzyme induction affects the apparent volume of distribution of a drug that tends to concentrate in the liver. Twelve pairs of adult male rats, matched with respect to their serum warfarin free fraction, received an intravenous injection of (S)-(-)-warfarin, 0.6 mg/kg, after four daily injections of either saline solution or phenobarbital (75 mg/kg). Phenobarbital treatment increased both the total and intrinsic clearance of (S)-(-)-warfarin almost threefold but did not reduce the coefficient of variation of the intrinsic clearance. Serum protein binding of (S)-(-)-warfarin was not affected by phenobarbital treatment. The biological half-life of warfarin and the duration of its anticoagulant effect were reduced substantially by treatment with phenobarbital. Consistent with pharmacokinetic theory, the relationship between total clearance and the free fraction of warfarin in serum remained approximately linear, but the slope of the regression line was increased for the animals treated with phenobarbital. PMID- 7205570 TI - Derivative and graphical procedures for correction of irrelevant UV spectrophotometric absorption in changeable matrixes. AB - The application of direct zero-order UV spectrophotometric and graphical or derivative background correction methods to selected pharmaceutical preparations shows their relative advantages in different situations. The assay of the active components in a changeable matrix is a problem with formulations having a limited shelflife. Although the standard three-point correction procedures can provide accurate data, there are practical problems if the irrelevant absorption band is such that only the derivative approach gives enough resolving power for reliable qualitative and quantitative determinations. PMID- 7205572 TI - Stability of Brompton mixtures: determination of heroin (diacetylmorphine) and cocaine in presence of their hydrolysis products. AB - The application of a rapid, selective, and sensitive reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method to the separation of the hydrochloride salts of heroin (diacetylmorphine) and cocaine and their hydrolysis products is described. The method was used to study the stability of heroin and cocaine in Brompton mixtures in pharmaceutically useful pH range and vehicles at different temperatures. The pH range of optimal stability for both heroin and cocaine was 3.0-3.5. The disappearance of heroin and cocaine in Brompton mixtures followed pseudo-first-order kinetics in buffered solutions. Increased alcohol and decreased syrup concentrations diminished heroin hydrolysis but did not influence cocaine stability. Substitution of morphine for heroin in Brompton mixtures markedly increased the rate of cocaine hydrolysis. PMID- 7205574 TI - Permeability of everted rat small intestine to lidocaine and derivatives. AB - The transfer rates of lidocaine and five derivatives were measured across the everted rat intestine. No obvious relationship was observed between the first order rate constants for transfer and the lipophilicity of the compounds as measured by their apparent partition coefficients. The intestinal mucosal epithelium also did not appear to be the rate-limiting barrier for the passage of these agents across the intestinal membrane regardless of the respective clearance of the compound. It is suggested that the ionized form of these agents may be capable of crossing the intestinal barrier at substantial rates, although it is not known if a similar situation exists in vivo. The transfer rate is believed to be due to the passage of intact drug and not the metabolite. PMID- 7205573 TI - GLC-mass spectrometric procedure with selected-ion monitoring for determination of plasma concentrations of unlabeled and labeled barbital following simultaneous oral and intravenous administration. AB - A GLC-mass spectometric method employing specific-ion monitoring was developed for the determination of plasma concentrations of labeled (15N1,3, 13C2) and unlabeled barbital following simultaneous intravenous and oral administration. This method proved to be more sensitive and precise than the method employing GLC with flame-ionization detection or GLC with alkali flame-ionization detection. After extraction of [15N1,3, 13C2]barbital, barbital, and the internal standard, butalbital, from plasma with ether, the organic solvent is evaporated, and the labeled and unlabeled drug as well as the internal standard are converted into their N,N-dimethyl derivatives by treatment with diazomethane. The excess reagent is evaporated, and the resulting methyl derivatives are analyzed by GLC-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. The method is sufficiently sensitive to determine 0.5 microgram of the labeled and unlabeled drug/ml with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The application of the method to the determination of the plasma concentration of labeled and unlabeled drug over 6 days following simultaneous oral and intravenous administration of a single dose is demonstrated. PMID- 7205575 TI - Lipophilicity, molecular weight, and drug action: reexamination of parabolic and bilinear models. AB - The effect of molecular weight on drug diffusion and drug action has been described based on the relation D = (RT/6 pi eta N) (cube root of (4 pi N divided by 3M nu-), an inverse relation between the clearance of drugs through artificial membranes and molecular weights, and apparent correlations between log (l/dose) and log mol. wt. for various central nervous system-acting drugs, anticancer drugs, and water-soluble vitamins. In situ rat jejunum permeability data of various drugs were correlated with log P (octanol-buffer) and log mol. wt. A parabolic equation of log P combined with log mol. wt. proposed previously was shown to give significant correlations for hydrolysis data of amides and antifungal data of amines. This model is mathematically simpler and easier to interpret than the more complex curvilinear and bilinear models. PMID- 7205576 TI - Simultaneous partitioning and hydrolysis kinetics of amoxicillin and ampicillin. AB - The kinetics of ampicillin and amoxicillin partitioning with simultaneous acid catalyzed hydrolysis were studied in a stirred transfer cell containing isobutanol as the extract and aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.1-0.5 N) as the raffinate at 37 degrees. Biexponential data for the concentration in both the raffinate (C1) and the extract (C2) as a function of time were analyzed simultaneously by nonlinear regression to estimate the apparent first-order rate constant for transfer from hydrochloric acid to isobutanol (k '12), the reverse transfer constant (k '21), and the hydrolysis rate constant (k). Agreement between k values determined in the presence of simultaneous partitioning and those determined in the absence of partitioning (k app) verified the nonlinear estimates. Apparent partition coefficients, which represent the values that would be obtained in the absence of hydrolysis K'D = C1 infinity/C2 infinity), were estimated from K'D = k'12/k'21. During terminal monoexponential loss, where C1 approximately equal to Y'e-beta t and C2 approximately equal to Z'e-beta t, the kinetically controlled C2/C1 ratio (r) is described by [K'12/K'21-beta)], which decreases with decreasing kappa values until r approaches K'D. The difference between the terminal concentration ratio, r, and its corresponding partition coefficient, K'D, is a measure of the degree to which kinetic processes control distribution. Both ampicillin and amoxicillin showed kinetic control of the distribution ratios in 0.5 N HCl, where the hydrolysis rate constant was significant relative to the distribution rate constants. Ampicillin had r approximately equal to 1.74 and K'D approximately equal to 0.92; amoxicillin had r approximately equal to 0.95 and K'D approximately equal to 0.65. As the (K'12 + K'21/k ratio increased, the r values approached K'D so that in 0.1 N HCl, r approximately K'D = 0.33 for amoxicillin and r approximately 0.6 and K'D approximately 0.56 for ampicillin. In general, amoxicillin distribution rate constants (K'12 + K'21) were roughly twice those of ampicillin, whereas ampicillin K'D and r values were nearly double those of amoxicillin. Thus, the kinetic and thermodynamic rank orders are opposite. This result may have implications in drug design via molecular modification. PMID- 7205577 TI - Extended Hildebrand approach: solubility of caffeine in dioxane-water mixtures. AB - The solubility of caffeine in various dioxane-water mixtures was analyzed in terms of solute-solvent interactions using a modified version of the Hildebrand treatment for regular solutions. The solubility equation employs a term (W) to replace the geometric mean (c1c2)1/2, where c1 and c2 are the cohesive energy densities for the solvent and solute, respectively. The new equation provides an accurate prediction of solubility once the interaction energy, W, is obtained. In this case, the energy term is regressed against a polynomial in delta 1 of the binary mixture. A quartic expression of W in terms of the solvent solubility parameter was found for predicting the solubility of caffeine in dioxane-water mixtures. The expression yields an error in mole fraction solubility of less than 3%, a value approximating that of the experimentally determined solubility. The one exception to a good fit is near the maximum solubility, where a depression or valley occurs between the two peaks in solubility data; at this point, the theoretical equation predicts the solubility within approximately 9%. The new model also may be used to estimate the solubility of drug molecules employing the volume fraction of water in the solvent mixture instead of the composite solubility parameter, delta 1. The method has potential usefulness in preformulation and formulation studies during which solubility determination is important for drug design. PMID- 7205578 TI - Effects of different buffer species on partition coefficients of drugs used in quantitative structure-activity relationships. AB - A study was conducted in which the same organic solvent, 1-octanol, and different buffer systems were used to obtain intercorrelations among log Pcorr values given by log P (octanol-water) = a log P (octanol-buffer) + b, where a and b are different constants for the different systems used. The range of a was 0.418 1.156 and that of b was -1.962-1.176 for the four buffer systems examined. Only with neutral drugs was the slope (a) close to 1.0 and the intercept (b) close to 0.0 for the three buffer systems studied. For acidic drugs, only 1-octanol phosphate buffer gave a 1:1 correlation with 1-octanol-water partition coefficients. Acetate and bicarbonate buffer systems gave different correlations. For basic drugs, none of the three systems examined gave a 1:1 correlation with 1 octanol-water partition coefficients. PMID- 7205579 TI - Effect of polybasic acids on structure of aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel. AB - The effect of oxalic acid, citric acid, and their sodium salts on the structure of aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel was studied to illustrate the various mechanisms by which polybasic acids interact with aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel. Analysis of changes in the pH-stat titrigram, the carbonate to aluminum ratio, the aluminum content of the supernate following centrifugation, and the adsorption of the organic solute indicates that polybasic acids may: (a) partially neutralize the aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel by a general acid effect, (b) modify the aluminum hydroxycarbonate surface by adsorption of the anionic form of the polybasic acid, (c) extract aluminum by the formation of a soluble complex, and (d) lead to the precipitation of a new crystalline phase. PMID- 7205580 TI - Deiodination kinetics of water-soluble radiopaques. AB - Deiodination of diatrizoic acid, an anionic radiopaque, was found to be catalyzed by Cu(II). Through a detailed study of o-iodobenzoic acid, a model compound, the copper-catalyzed SN1 mechanism was established based on observations of common ion, salt, and pH effects. Meta- and para-iodobenzoic acids were unreactive. Deiodination thus was facilitated by a neighboring carboxylate that attracted copper. Iopamidol, a nonionic radiopaque, also underwent deiodination. At pH 7 or above, the hydroxide-ion substitution predominated. At pH below 7, the reaction is in favor of the copper-catalyzed SN1 mechanism. PMID- 7205581 TI - Solubility of polar organic solutes in nonaqueous systems: role of specific interactions. AB - The changes in solubility of several polar organic solutes when polar organic solvents are added to a relatively inert solvent such as isooctane were determined. The relative changes in solubility predicted from regular solution theory using solubility parameters often did not agree with the observed results. However, the solubilities could be rationalized mathematically by assuming the formation of specific solute-solvent complexes. Agreement of the thermodynamic data reported here with such models provides further evidence that specific interactions, when they occur, are more important than the bulk properties of the pure components in determining drug solubilities in nonaqueous systems. Specific examples demonstrate the relationship between the solubility and molecular structure of the solute and solvent. For example, solubility can be related to the hydrogen-donating and hydrogen-accepting abilities of the solute and solvent. Steric factors also appear to play a role in solubility, while structural modifications in a solute or solvent molecule far removed from the interactive functional group have little influence on molar solubility changes with the added polar cosolvent. PMID- 7205582 TI - GLC determination of bretylium in biological fluids. AB - Bretylium [(o-bromobenzyl)ethyldimethylamine] is a quaternary ammonium compound used as the tosylate salt for treatment of ventricular fibrillation in humans. A sensitive assay was developed for the determination of low bretylium concentrations in plasma and urine. The internal standards were (p bromobenzyl)ethyldimethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate and (o methoxybenzyl)ethyldimethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate. Samples were deproteinized with acetonitrile and extracted with methylene chloride. After the evaporation of the organic phase, the residue was reacted with sodium 2,4,5 trichlorothiophenolate in methanol. This procedure yielded volatile compounds with excellent electron-capture capabilities for the GLC analysis. The assay sensitivity is 5 ng/ml. The extraction recovery of bretylium as determined by a direct radioactivity measurement was 90 and 97% for plasma and urine, respectively. The method is highly reproducible with no significant day-to-day variations. Comparisons of 60 standard plasma samples, 25 standard urine samples, and plasma samples from a dog that received [14C]bretylium showed excellent agreement between the GLC method and direct radioactivity measurement of bretylium. PMID- 7205583 TI - GLC-mass spectrometric determination of maprotiline and its major metabolite using stable isotope-labeled analog as internal standard. AB - A quantitative GLC-mass spectrometric assay was developed for the determination of maprotiline and its major metabolite, desmethylmaprotiline, in animal and human plasma. The assay utilizes selective-ion focusing to monitor, in a GLC effluent, the fragment ions and the base peaks of maprotiline and desmethylmaprotiline trifluoroacetamides generated by electron-impact ionization. Maprotiline-d3 was the internal standard. The assay can measure 2 ng of maprotiline (and the metabolite)/ml of plasma with approximately 5% precision. The curves relating the amounts of maprotiline and the metabolite added versus the amounts experimentally found over a large concentration range were linear with nearly zero intercepts and slopes of 0.99 +/- 0.01 and 0.98 +/- 0.02, respectively. The method was used to study the pharmacokinetic pattern of the drug in rabbits as well as to analyze intact maprotiline and the metabolite in patients maintained on therapeutic doses of maprotiline. Assay specificity was confirmed by complete consistency of the mass spectra of maprotiline and desmethylmaprotiline with those of the authentic materials. PMID- 7205584 TI - Identification and analysis of persistent contaminants associated with gemcadiol. AB - Application of several analytical probes indicated that certain batches of the investigational new drug gemcadiol (2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-1,10-decanediol) were contaminated with impurities whose nature and source were unknown. Subsequent study showed that these impurities consisted of polymeric material formed by self condensation of the dialdehyde precursor. Gel permeation chromatographic techniques were found to be useful in the analysis of polymers present in both the aldehyde precursor and the finished drug. PMID- 7205585 TI - Antihyperlipidemic activity of sesquiterpene lactones and related compounds. AB - Some naturally occurring pseudoguaianolides and germacranolides as well as synthetic related compounds were observed to be antihyperlipidemic agents in mice. Several of these compounds at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day resulted in lowering of serum cholesterol by approximately 30% and of serum triglycerides by approximately 25%. Thiol-bearing enzymes of lipid synthesis, i.e., acetyl-CoA, citrate-lyase, acetyl-CoA synthetase, and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, were inhibited by these agents in vitro, supporting the premise that these agents alkylate thiol nucleophiles by a Michael-type addition. The alpha methylene-gamma-lactone moiety, the beta-unsubstituted cyclopentenone ring, and the alpha-epoxycyclopentanone system of these compounds appeared to be responsible for the lowering of serum lipids. PMID- 7205586 TI - Evaluation of nystatin stability using tristimulus colorimetry. AB - A tristimulus reflectance spectrophotometer was used to examine the color changes of nystatin during accelerated stability studies, and a relationship was observed between the loss of microbiological potency and the change in color during thermal degradation. By substitution of the measured tristimulus values in the Kubelka-Munk equation, the remission function was calculated and resulted in a linear response with time. Application of the technique to bulk raw materials and formulated products is demonstrated, and uses of the technique are discussed. PMID- 7205587 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of sulfamethazine residues in beef tissues. AB - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of sulfamethazine residues in beef tissues is presented. Tissue samples are extracted and analyzed utilizing normal-phase chromatography and a UV detector at 254 nm. Primary and confirmatory identification and quantitative determination are provided at the tolerance limit of 0.1 ppm of sulfamethazine in tissues. Recoveries obtained from liver, fat, kidney, and muscle tissues were 69, 82, 77, and 76%, respectively, when spiked at the tolerance limit. PMID- 7205588 TI - Sensitive GLC-mass spectrometric determination of chlorpheniramine in serum. AB - A new method was developed for the quantitative analysis of chlorpheniramine in serum using the high sensitivity and selectivity of GLC-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. Intense fragment ions at m/e 203 and 207 from the drug and a tetradeuterated analog, respectively, are monitored continuously. The deuterated quantitation standard can be prepared by a simple exchange reaction. A linear calibration curve was obtained over the range of 0-160 ng/ml of serum using 85 ng of the standard/ml. The sensitivity limit is 1-2 ng/ml, and each serum extract can be analyzed in less than 2 min. The method was applied to a measure chlorpheniramine concentrations through at least 1.5 biological half lives. PMID- 7205589 TI - Determination of chlorambucil in plasma by GLC with selected-ion monitoring. AB - A GLC technique with selected-ion monitoring is described for chlorambucil determination in plasma using [2H]chlorambucil as the internal standard. Chlorambucil is extracted from plasma with methylene chloride at pH 3 and converted to a thiazane derivative by reaction with 0.1 M sodium sulfide at 80 degrees. The carboxylic group of the chlorambucil derivative is derivatized with allyl bromide using extractive alkylation. Analysis by selected-ion monitoring was performed by focusing at m/e 305 (M) and 313. The relative standard deviation was +/- 5% (n = 5) at the 10-ng/ml level. PMID- 7205590 TI - Video characterization of flume patterns of inhalation aerosols. AB - An in vitro technique was developed to characterize the intermittent flume patterns associated with the short bursts of metered-dose aerosols. Two orthogonal video images are utilized to describe the complex shape and direction of the flume pattern. This technique facilitates the evaluation of components manufactured by different suppliers. PMID- 7205591 TI - Microcolumn chromatographic cleanup and GLC determination of 11-methyl-16,16 dimethylprostaglandin E2 in polyethylene glycol 400 solutions. AB - An analytical procedure is described for the GLC determination of 11-methyl-16,16 dimethylprostaglandin E2 in aqueous polyethylene glycol 400 solutions. Because of the nature of the carrier matrix, sample cleanup was required prior to GLC separation. Separation was achieved using a diethylaminoethylcellulose microcolumn. This procedure has proven to be amenable to routine analysis. PMID- 7205592 TI - Production and characterization of specific antibody for radioimmunoassay of procainamide. AB - The production and characterization of a specific antibody for use in the radioimmunoassay of procainamide are described. Cross-reactivity was measured by a nonequilibrium competitive procedure. Procainamide analog concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition were: procainamide, 1.59 nmoles/ml; N acetylprocainamide, 3.55 nmoles/ml; a propyl analog of procainamide, 398 nmoles/ml; procaine, 316 nmoles/ml; lidocaine, greater than 8000 nmoles/ml; and practolol, greater than 16,000 nmoles/ml. Variations in the ability to inhibit binding of labeled procainamide were related to structural similarities and differences. The affinity constant of the antibody for procainamide was 2.9 x 10(8) liters/mole as measured from a Scatchard plot. The assay allows the direct measurement of procainamide in a 0.1-ml aliquot of diluted serum. The advantages of this method over currently available techniques are its sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity. Furthermore, prior extraction of serum samples is not required. As little as 1 ng of drug/ml of serum can be detected by this method. The accuracy and precision were determined by adding known amounts of procainamide to human serum and then assaying five replicates of each concentration. The within-day and between-day coefficients of variation were 2 and 5%, respectively. The proposed method was used to determine the serum concentration after an intravenous dose of procainamide. A comparison of the radioimmunoassay results with values obtained by a GLC procedure showed excellent agreement. PMID- 7205593 TI - Hydrolysis of tetrakis-mu-acetylsalicylato-dicopper(II). AB - Hydrolysis rates of acetylsalicylate in the free acid and anion forms and in the dilute solution of the copper complex, tetrakis-mu-acetylsalicylato-dicopper(II), were compared. The hydrolysis rate was unaffected by the presence of copper(II). The pH-dependent rate was 3.64 x 10(-4) mmole/liter/min per pH unit at 37 degrees in Ringer's solution. The synthetic procedures commonly used for the preparation of this compound yield a product contaminated with salicylate. This contamination is avoided by synthesis of the compound in methanol, which yields a complex containing no measurable salicylate. PMID- 7205594 TI - Quantitation of the antineoplastic agent indicine-N-oxide in human plasma by differential pulse polarography. AB - A sensitive and reproducible differential pulse polarographic method of analysis was developed for indicine-N-oxide (NSC 132319) in human plasma. Lyophilized plasma is extracted with methanol, and the extract is chromatographed over partially deactivated aluminum oxide and reversed-phase silica gel columns. Indicine-N-oxide is eluted from the silica gel column with 25% aqueous methanol and quantitated by differential pulse polarography by measurement of the peak current at -0.72 +/- 0.03 v (versus the saturated calomel electrode). Recovery of indicine-N-oxide from plasma was 88 +/- 7% (SD) in the 1-20-microgram/ml range. The method was linear over the range of 0.5-10 microgram/ml of pH 4.6 buffer. PMID- 7205595 TI - Synthesis of phenylurethans of 1,2-dialkyl-4-pyrazolidinols as anticonvulsant agents. PMID- 7205596 TI - Evaluation of 99mTc-labeled iminodiacetic acid derivatives of substituted 2 aminopyrroles as hepatobiliary imaging agents. I. AB - N-(3-Cyano-4,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrylcarbamoylmethyl)iminodiacetic acid (IIa) and N-(3 cyano-4-methyl-5-benzyl-2-pyrrylcarbamoylmethyl)iminodiacetic acid (IIb) were synthesized, labeled with technetium 99m, and compared with 99mTc-labeled p isopropylacetanilidoiminodiacetic acid (I) for hepatobiliary activity in rats. All three compounds showed similar clearance of radioactivity from the blood. Comparison of the amount of radioactivity in various organs 1 hr after injection showed no significant difference between I and IIb. Compound IIa showed significantly less radioactivity in the GI tract and a higher amount in the kidneys and bladder. PMID- 7205597 TI - Antiproliferative effects of inhibitors of polyamine synthesis in tumors of neural origin. AB - The antiproliferative properties of inhibitors of polyamine synthesis were evaluated in cultured neuroblastoma and glioma cells. The diamines (1,3 propanediamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, and 1,6-hexanediamine) dramatically decreased neuroblastoma replication and inhibited the rate-limiting enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase. Glioma cells were less sensitive to the diamines in spite of significant drug-induced decreases in enzyme activity. The fact that ornithine decarboxylase was inhibited in both cell lines with different effects on proliferation suggests that the activity of other enzymes in polyamine biosynthesis may be altered selectively by these inhibitors. PMID- 7205599 TI - Ocular absorption of propranolol in rabbits. PMID- 7205598 TI - Antineoplastic evaluation of Pacific basin marine algae. AB - Extracts of 107 marine alga specimens from Pacific islands were tested for P-388 lymphocytic leukemia and Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice. Several specimens showed high antitumor activity in both systems, with some featuring a notable lack of toxicity. PMID- 7205600 TI - Comparative in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of tolnaftate and various undecylenates. PMID- 7205601 TI - Comparative in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of tolnaftate and various undecylenates: a rebuttal. PMID- 7205602 TI - Hygroscopicity of poorly soluble porous substances. PMID- 7205603 TI - Enhancement of rectal absorption of drugs by adjuvants. PMID- 7205604 TI - Kinetic characterization of liposomes. PMID- 7205605 TI - Quantitative change in metabolic fate of drug related to serum protein binding. PMID- 7205607 TI - Disintegration test for hard gelatin capsules. PMID- 7205606 TI - Polyethylene glycols as solvents in implantable osmotic pumps. PMID- 7205608 TI - Effect of smoking on binding of lidocaine to human serum proteins. PMID- 7205609 TI - Effect of changes in plasma protein binding on half-life of drugs. PMID- 7205610 TI - Antiallergic properties of SQ 13,847, an orally effective agent. I. Activity in vivo. AB - A structurally novel pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline, SQ 13,847, was demonstrated to be an orally active antiallergic agent. The compound inhibited immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and passive pulmonary anaphylaxis in the rat (ID50 = 2 to 4 mg/kg p.o.), but failed to affect IgG mediated PCA in the rat, IgE-mediated PCA in the mouse or IgG1-mediated PCA in the guinea pig. The relative potencies of SQ 13,847 and its 2-carboxylic acid metabolite, SQ 12,903, upon oral vs. intravenous administration were consistent with a role of SQ 13,847 as an orally absorbed prodrug of SQ 12,903. In the rat, SQ 13,847 is not an antagonist of histamine in serotonin, in beta adrenergic agonist or a bronchodilator. PMID- 7205611 TI - Effects of stimulatory agents on mobilization of high and low affinity site 45Ca in rabbit aortic smooth muscle. AB - The relationships between contractile responses to stimulatory agents and changes in binding and distribution of La+++-resistant Ca++ at kinetically distinct high and low affinity sites were investigated. The magnitude of the norepinephrine (NE)-induced decrease in 45Ca retention (associated with release of high affinity Ca++) after exposure to La+++ and low temperature was similar when NE was present either for the entire 45Ca incubation period (40--120 min) or for as short an interval as the final minute of the incubation period. Under conditions favoring high affinity binding of Ca++, uptake of 45Ca was slow (T 1/2 approximately equal to 30 min) but the NE-induced decrease in 45Ca retention was rapid. Conversely, low affinity Ca++ sites load rapidly (T 1/2 less than or equal to 5 min) retain increased 45Ca in the presence of elevated (160 mM) K+ at all incubation intervals (5--120 min) and accumulate even more 45Ca in proportion to the increase in contraction obtained when NE is also present either for the entire incubation period or for only the final portion (1 min or longer). Similar effects on both high and low affinity binding of Ca++ are obtained with equipotent concentrations of NE and histamine. Simultaneous application of NE and histamine did not alter high and low affinity binding of Ca++ significantly more than did separate administration of either agent. These results indicate that NE and histamine effect similar high and low affinity Ca++ sites and that, even though equilibrium of Ca++ with high affinity sites is a much slower process than with low affinity sites, stimulatory agents can elicit rapid changes in the amount of Ca++ present at either site. PMID- 7205612 TI - Morphine depresses dorsal horn neuron responses to controlled noxious and non noxious cutaneous stimulation. AB - Dorsal horn neurons of unanesthetized, decerebrated, low spinal cats were excited by controlled noxious and non-noxious natural stimulation as well as by intense transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Intravenous morphine (0.3--3.0 mg/kg) depressed the spontaneous activity, the electrically evoked discharge and the response to noxious cutaneous heat (greater than 45 degree C) of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons. In those nociceptive neurons receiving convergent non noxious inputs, morphine also depressed responses to non-noxious cutaneous air puff stimulation. The above morphine effects were all reserved by 0.3 mg/kg of naloxone i.v. In neurons, which were purely non-nociceptive, morphine had little or no effect on either spontaneous activity or evoked responses to non-noxious stimuli. These findings suggest that: 1) morphine has a spinal site of action in which noxious as well as non-noxious inputs are decreased; and 2) there is a group of purely non-nociceptive dorsal horn neurons which are not influenced by the spinal actions of morphine. PMID- 7205613 TI - Membrane potential changes in lacrimal gland acinar cells elicited by carbachol and epinephrine. AB - Intracellular microelectrode recordings of acinar cell membrane potentials were made from fragments of the rat lacrimal gland superfused in vitro. The average resting membrane potential was -45 mV. Carbachol and epinephrine produced virtually identical membrane potential changes consisting of an initial hyperpolarization (1 mV), lasting approximately 7 sec, followed by a depolarization of approximately 12 mV. The membrane potential generally returned to prestimulation levels after 2 min of exposure to agonist. The responses to carbachol and epinephrine were blocked by atropine and phentolamine, respectively. Superfusion with media lacking Ca or Cl reduced significantly both the resting membrane potential and the agonist-induced depolarization. The hyperpolarization was increased significantly in the absence of Ca and generally prolonged in the absence of Cl. Superfusion with 10 mM Co had no effect on either the resting membrane potential or the agonist-induced membrane potential changes. The hyperpolarization initiated by agonist was significantly enhanced during superfusion with low K, ouabain or amiloride while the depolarization was significantly reduced during superfusion with low K, amiloride or low Na. Resting membrane potentials during superfusion with low K, amiloride or low Na were not significantly different from control, whereas ouabain caused a small depolarization. It is concluded that muscarinic or alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation initiates a membrane potential change characterized by a hyperpolarization, due to an increased in membrane permeability to K, followed by a depolarization due to an increase in membrane permeability to Na. PMID- 7205614 TI - Blood pressure and heart rate response evoked by p-hydroxyamphetamine and by p hydroxynorephedrine II. A quantitative assessment of the role of amphetamine metabolites in acute responses evoked by d-amphetamine. AB - At postganglionic sympathetic sites, p-hydroxyamphetamine is neither a receptor agonist nor a receptor antagonist; in addition the drug does not act presynaptically to antagonize or synergize d-amphetamine. p-Hydroxyamphetamine is an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine with a potency approximately twice that of d-amphetamine. In the rat, a large fraction (approximately 0.5) of d amphetamine is biotransformed to p-hydroxyamphetamine. However, the rate of biotransformation to p-hydroxyamphetamine (approximately 0.0099 . min-1) is slow compared to the rate of elimination of p-hydroxyamphetamine (0.049 . min-1). As a result, plasma levels of d-amphetamine exceed those of p-hydroxyamphetamine. The kinetic data suggest that: 1) p-hydroxyamphetamine plays little role in immediate responses to single injections of d-amphetamine; 2) p-hydroxyamphetamine is not involved in tachyphylactic responses to repeated injections of d-amphetamine; and 3) p-hydroxynorephedrine plays no role in immediate or tachyphylactic responses to d-amphetamine. PMID- 7205615 TI - Mechanical and biochemical alterations of aorta induced by hydralazine hypotension. AB - Previous experiments from this laboratory indicated that the actomyosin content of aorta from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats was greater than that from normotensive (WKY) rats. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine the effect of hydralazine-induced hypotension on actomyosin content and mechanical properties of aorta from SHR and WKY rats. Ten-week-old WKY and SHR rats were given to tap water or tap water containing 80 mg/l of hydralazine for 2 weeks and at the end of this time the actomyosin content (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), the contractile responses to potassium chloride and phenylephrine and the passive stress-strain properties of the aorta were determined. Hydralazine-treated rats had a significantly lower systolic pressure after 1 week which remained lower for the remainder of the treatment period. Treated WKY and SHR rats exhibited a reduced actomyosin content relative to total protein content of cell number (based on DNA determination). Mechanically, aorta from treated animals showed no change in their passive elastic properties or in their sensitivity (ED50) to either agonist; however, the maximum contractile response to both agonists was significantly reduced. Normalization of force development to actomyosin content indicated: 1) that aorta from SHR rats develop less force for a given amount of actomyosin than WKY aorta; 2) a 2-week period of hydralazine hypotension results in a reduction in force development in both WKY and SHR aorta that can be accounted for by a reduction in cellular actomyosin content; and 3) this period of hydralazine hypotension does not return the contractile effectiveness of actomyosin from SHR aorta to that of actomyosin from WKY aorta. PMID- 7205616 TI - Hypotensive effects of cardiac glycosides in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The effects of cardiac glycosides on systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and heart rate (HR) were studied in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and normotensive (NT) Wistar rats. Ouabain (2 mg/kg), given by i.p. injection to unanesthetized rats, produced a significant decrease in SAP in both SH and NT rats with little concomitant HR change. Baroreceptor denervation abolished the response. To analyze the effects more completely, experiments were done on acutely anesthetized rats. Ouabain was administered i.p. 30 min after induction of anesthesia with alpha-chloralose (60 mg/kg i.p.). alpha-Chloralose alone produced a significant SAP decrease in both SH and NT rats and bradycardia in SH but no significant HR change in NT rats. Ouabain i.p. further reduced SAP in SH but had no effect on NT rats. When given by i.a. bolus injection (250 microgram in 0.1 mg of heparin-saline) to anesthetized (pentobarbital, 40 mg/kg i.p.) rats with intact left carotid sinus nerves, ouabain produced a transient but significant reduction in SAP of SH but NT rats or SH rats with sinoaortic denervation. Digitoxin, given by stomach tube (4--5 mg/kg) for 1 week, decreased SAP in SH but not NT rats. Digitoxin produced significant SAP increases in SH rats with sinoaortic denervation. Arterial baroreceptor discharge is increased by cardiac glycosides. The present results suggest that the reflex hypotensive effects of digitalis drugs are due, at least in part, to sensitization of baroreceptors and that SH rats may be more sensitive to these drugs possibly because of altered intrinsic baroreceptor properties. PMID- 7205618 TI - Unit activity in medial thalamus: comparative effects of caffeine an amphetamine. AB - The effects of caffeine and d-amphetamine sulfate were evaluated upon single unit activity of medial thalamus in chloral hydrate anesthetized rats. Single unit activity recorded extracellularly with platinum-iridium microelectrodes. It was found that caffeine, 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg i.v., markedly suppressed and that amphetamine, 0.1 to 1 mg/kg i.v., markedly augmented the spontaneous firing rates of medial thalamic neurons. It was also demonstrated that amphetamine was capable of activating the medial thalamic neuronal activity while it was suppressed by caffeine. On the other hand, while the firing rate was increased by a previous amphetamine injection, administration of caffeine suppressed the amphetamine induced augmentation of neuronal activity. The data imply that these two central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, caffeine and amphetamine, have different mechanisms of action at least at the medial thalamic site. Moreover, since medial thalamus participates in the recruitment phenomenon and exerts a stabilizing action on the cerebral cortex, our findings that caffeine suppressed this brain area suggest that the medial thalamus may be an important site of action for the arousal induced by caffeine. In addition, the demonstration of inhibitory effects of caffeine on the medial thalamus in this study and excitatory effects on brain stem reticular formation from our previous studies indicate that caffeine has differential actions on different brain areas. This observation broadens the generally held belief that caffeine excites at all levels of the CNS to specifically include inhibition of inhibitory influences in at least one functional system of the brain. PMID- 7205617 TI - The separate uterotonic and prostaglandin-releasing actions of oxytocin. Evidence and comparison with angiotensin and methacholine in the isolated rat uterus. AB - Both oxytocin (OT) and prostaglandin (PG) possess potent uterotonic activity. It has been suggested that the uterotonic action of OT may be mediated by PG release. We investigated the uterotonic and PG-releasing actions of OT, angiotensin II (AT) and methacholine (MC) in isolated pregnant rat uteri. Our findings indicate that the OT-induced PG release is a direct effect of OT and not a secondary response to myometrial contractions and that the uterotonic action of OT is not dependent on PG participation. This is shown by: 1) equipotent uterotonic doses of OT, AT and MC had different effects on uterine PG release. OT and AT caused uterine contractions and PG release, whereas MC caused contractions but no PG release. 2) OT produced a dose-dependent uterotonic responses. However, there was no proportional relationship and the rate of PG release. 3) In uterine homogenates, which lack the functional integrity for mechanical contractions, OT also caused an increase in PG biosynthesis. Indomethacin suppressed both the spontaneous and the OT-stimulated PG synthesis in the uterine homogenates. 4) In isolated uterine horns, the contractile response to OT was only slightly attenuated in the presence of indomethacin sufficient to inhibit completely the OT-stimulated PG synthesis. We concluded that OT has a dual action in the uterus and may act on two different receptors, one leading to myometrial contractions and the other leading to PG release. AT, an octapeptide like OT, may also have a dual action, whereas the parasympathomimetic, MC, has predominately a direct uterotonic action. PMID- 7205619 TI - Inability of indomethacin to modify hydrochlorothiazide diuresis and natriuresis by the chimpanzee kidney. AB - A drug interaction study in the chimpanzee by using indomethacin and hydrochlorothiazide has shown conclusively that the diuretic and saluretic properties of hydrochlorothiazide were not compromised by indomethacin. This was true whether hydrochlorothiazide or indomethacin was administered first. The renal clearance of hydrochlorothiazide was not influenced by indomethacin nor was the renal clearance of indomethacin significantly altered by hydrochlorothiazide. Indomethacin alone caused a small but significant increase in sodium, potassium and chloride excretion and in Curate/glomerular filtration rate. In control experiments with placebo, potassium excretion was also significantly increased. The implications of these observations remain obscure. In all experiments utilizing hydrochlorothiazide, the well known renal effects of this agent were clearly evident under these experimental conditions. PMID- 7205620 TI - Effects of furosemide on extravascular diffusion, protein binding and urinary excretion of cephalosporins and aminoglycosides in rabbits. AB - We studied the effects of furosemide on the disposition of cefazolin and gentamicin in rabbits. The following points were investigated: protein binding (PB) by ultracentrifugation in vitro; renal excretion and distribution in extravascular fluid (EF) obtained from s.c. tissue cages in vivo. Single i.m. injections of cefazolin (30 mg/kg) and gentamicin (1.5 mg/kg) alone or in combination with furosemide (0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg) were made. After furosemide injection, blood and EF levels of gentamicin significantly decreased. Cefazolin blood levels were unchanged. Cefazolin appeared in EF earlier and at higher levels, up to 4 hr after furosemide injection, than when administered alone. Late cefazolin EF levels (8 and 12 hr) were reduced. All these effects were furosemide dose-dependent. Furosemide, in vitro, decreased cefazolin PG from 80 to 50%, whereas PB of gentamicin remained minimal (0--4%). Furosemide significantly increased the renal excretion of cefazolin and gentamicin without any effect on the glomerular filtration rate. A competitive effect of furosemide on the PB of cephradin and netilmicin was also demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Our studies outline two kinds of interaction between furosemide and antibiotics. With protein bound drugs, furosemide induced a competitive reduction of PB responsible for earlier EF diffusion and increased glomerular filtered load, but also induced an increased renal excretion by a tubular process. The latter was the only one induced by furosemide on unbound drugs (gentamicin). PMID- 7205621 TI - Pharmacological properties of the interaction of a sea anemone polypeptide toxin with cardiac cells in culture. AB - Three approaches have been used to analyze the mechanism of action of a sea anemone neurotoxin on cultured chick embryonic cardiac cells: 1) electrophysiological measurements; 2) simultaneous recordings of contraction properties; and 3) measurements of cationic influx of 22Na+ and 45Ca++ The chick embryo cell cultures consisted of 3-day aggregates and monolayer cultures which have electrophysiological properties of the early embryonic type and 16-day aggregates which have electrophysiological properties of the adult type. All types of cardiac cell cultures responded similarly to exposure to the 47 amino acid long sea anemone toxin extracted from Anemonia sulcata. The polypeptide toxin provoked action potentials with a plateau phase of long duration, a slowing down of the beating rate and simultaneously with the prolonged action potential an increase in amplitude and duration of cardiac contractions. Our results indicate: 1) that the site of action of the sea anemone toxin on cardiac cell is the Na+ channel as in other excitable system; 2) that the sea anemone toxin can reveal unexpressed ("silent") fast Na+ channels in cardiac cells of the early embryonic type; and 3) that the increase in amplitude and duration of cardiac contractions caused by the polypeptide toxin is most probably due to an indirect activation of the Na+-Ca++ exchange system. PMID- 7205624 TI - Postmyocardial infarction re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias in conscious dogs: suppression by bretylium tosylate. PMID- 7205623 TI - The acute effects of furosemide, ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide on the renal tubular handling of uric acid in the chicken. AB - Birds resemble man in that both lack uricase and therefore uric acid (urate) is the end product of purine metabolism in both animals. Although urate is largely excreted by the kidneys in both species, it has generally been accepted that the renal handling of urate in the chicken differs from that in man in that drugs which are known to be uricosuric in man do not produce a uricosuric response in birds. This suggests that tubular reabsorption of urate is either minimal or lacking in birds. The present study used the in vivo Sperber chicken technique to investigate the acute effects of diuretics which are known to alter urate clearance in man. Our results show that both ethacrynic acid and furosemide can selectively increase the apparent tubular excretion of [14C]urate, suggesting that the chicken kidney is capable of reabsorbing urate. Chlorothiazide is known to decrease urate clearance in both man and the chicken and was found in this study also to decrease the renal tubular excretion of [14C]urate formed within the chicken kidney during infusion of [14C]hypoxanthine or [14C]guanine. PMID- 7205622 TI - Sex- and age-related mouse toxicity and disposition of the amino acid antitumor agent, acivicin. AB - Studies of acivicin [(alpha S,5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-2-isoxazoline-5-acetic acid, AT-125] plasma levels in ICR, B6D2F1 and CD2F1 mice after single dose i.p. administration showed that total body clearance of drug by male mice was ca. twice the clearance by females of the same strain. Clearance was also greater in older (22-25 g) than in younger (15-18 g) ICR mice. Testosterone pretreatment increased the clearance of acivicin by ICR female mice to that of males. Sex- and age-related differences in pharmacokinetics were more pronounced than strain differences. Excretion studies showed that 53 to 82% of doses were recovered unchanged in the urine with no significant differences between sexes in urinary recovery. In tissue distribution studies in ICR mice, the tissue/plasma concentration ratios at each sampling time were similar for both sexes in all tissues analyzed except kidney (male range: 7-22; female range: 1.5-2.5) and muscle (male range: 5-9; female range: 0.8-1.4). Testosterone pretreatment of females increased the kidney/plasma concentration ratio of acivicin to that of males. Acivicin was also shown to be more toxic (as indicated by LD50) to female than to male mice of the B6D2F1 and CD2F1 strains, in agreement with previous studies in ICR mice. The disposition data suggest that the sex- and age-dependent toxicity of acivicin in mice is due to differences in pharmacokinetics which, in turn, may be related to renal excretion mechanisms. PMID- 7205625 TI - Ethanol and functional tolerance: interactions with pimozide and clonidine. AB - Inhalation of ethanol vapor (28 mg/l) for 24 hr caused a reduction of body temperature in rats. The mean peak blood ethanol concentration was 3.36 +/- 0.14 mg/ml. When ethanol (2 g/kg i.p.) was administered 48 hr after termination of ethanol inhalation, the ethanol vapor-treated animals maintained normal body temperatures despite the presence of blood ethanol concentrations (1.81 +/- 0.04 mg/ml) which caused hypothermia in control animals. The rate of clearance of ethanol from blood was found to be 0.34 +/- 0.01 mg/ml/hr in ethanol vapor treated and control animals when ethanol was administered acutely 48 hr after the inhalation period. Animals tolerant to the hypothermic effect of ethanol demonstrated diminished sensitivity to the hypothermic effect of clonidine (50 micrograms/kg s.c.). Pretreatment of naive animals with the dopaminergic blocker, pimozide, significantly attenuated the hypothermic response to acute ethanol administration (2 g/kg i.p.) and potentiated the hypothermic response to acute clonidine administration. A dopaminergic mechanism may partially mediate the reduction in body temperature associated with acute ethanol administration. PMID- 7205626 TI - Inhibition of placental valine uptake after acute and chronic maternal ethanol consumption. PMID- 7205627 TI - Disposition of furosemide in functionally hepatectomized dogs. AB - To assess the role of the liver in the elimination of furosemide, the disposition kinetics of the diuretic after intravenous administration were studied in dogs with total devascularization of the liver and sham-operated animals. Functional hepatectomy caused no significant changes in either the renal or the nonrenal clearances of furosemide; renal = 124.2 +/- 27.1 (mean +/- SE) and 106.6 +/- 17.5 ml/min and nonrenal = 148.2 +/- 11.4 and 112.6 +/- 21.0 ml/min in sham-operated and hepatectomized dogs, respectively. Devascularization of the liver had no effect on the plasma binding of furosemide which was 90.0% in the sham-operated and 88.2% in the hepatectomized animals. The steady-state volume of distribution of furosemide was relatively small, 0.70 +/- 0.09 liters/kg in control dogs and hepatectomy resulted in a reduction in this volume (0.58 +/- 0.09 liters/kg). This indicates that the liver is a significant organ for distribution of furosemide in the dog. Urinary recoveries of parent drug (43.2% of the dose in sham-operated dogs ad 49.1% in hepatectomized animals) and of its glucuronide (4.3% in sham-operated and 5.5% in hepatectomized dogs) were not influenced by hepatic devascularization. These findings demonstrate that, although nonrenal clearance accounts for about 50% of the elimination of furosemide, the liver does not play a significant role in this process in the dog. PMID- 7205628 TI - Behavioral effects of nicotine: schedule-controlled responding by squirrel monkeys. PMID- 7205629 TI - Effect of hypophysectomy and castration on hepatic, pulmonary and intestinal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities in the rat. AB - The importance of the pituitary gland in the regulation of hepatic drug and steroid metabolism has been previously demonstrated. The present studies involving castrated and hypophysectomized-castrated male rats confirm that the pituitary gland is essential for the expression of the effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity and cytochrome P-450 content. Furthermore, the pituitary gland is required for the inhibitor effects of estradiol on hepatic AHH activity in castrated male rats. Neither castration nor hypophysectomy-castration alters AHH activity in lungs or intestine. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) administration to control animals increased AHH activity by 2-, 15-, and 66.5-fold in liver, lungs and intestinal microsomes, respectively. Hypophysectomy did not prevent TCDD from acting as an inducer of AHH in any of the tissues, although the AHH activities in the three tissues were approximately 60% lower in TCDD-treated, hypophysectomized animals as compared to TCDD-treated, sham-operated control animals treated with TCDD. The results indicate that the pituitary gland plays an important role in regulating the extent of AHH induction in liver, lung and intestine. PMID- 7205630 TI - Acute and chronic effects of naltrexone and naloxone on schedule-controlled behavior of squirrel monkeys and pigeons. AB - Dose-effect curves were obtained for the influence of naltrexone, of naloxone and of morphine on lever-pressing responses of squirrel monkeys and key-pecking responses of pigeons maintained by food presentation during fixed-interval (FI) and fixed-ratio (FR) components of a multiple schedule. Morphine caused dose related decreases in FI and FR responding, with complete suppression occurring after 3 mg/kg was administered to monkeys and after 10 mg/kg was administered to pigeons. Naltrexone doses as low as 0.03 mg/kg (monkeys) or 0.1 mg/kg (pigeons) and naloxone doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg (monkeys) or 1 mg/kg (pigeons) shifted morphine dose-effect curves by one or more log units to the right. The effects of a 3 mg/kg injection of morphine were blocked completely by naltrexone (0.1-0.3 mg/kg) injected up to 16 hr before morphine, but not by naloxone (0.3-1 mg/kg) injected more than 2 hr before morphine. Thus, naltrexone was 3 to 10 times more potent than naloxone as an antagonist of morphine and was longer acting. Given alone, only high doses of naltrexone or naloxone (10 mg/kg, monkeys; 56 mg/kg, pigeons) had pronounced actions; FR and FI responding were markedly decreased and vomiting often occurred. Repeated daily injections of these high doses of naltrexone or naloxone resulted in little or no tolerance. One to 6 months after termination of chronic treatment, dose-effect curves for naltrexone on FR and FI responding maintained by food presentation were shifted markedly to the left with the monkeys, but not with the pigeons. PMID- 7205631 TI - Renal excretion of cimetidine. AB - The renal excretion and certain pharmacokinetic properties of cimetidine were studied in anesthetized rats undergoing moderate osmotic diuresis. When cimetidine concentrations in plasma (Pcim) were low, ca. 2 micrograms/ml, the clearance of cimetidine (Ccim) was 2.64-fold greater than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Ccim was lower at higher concentrations, e.g., at ca. 200 micrograms/ml, Ccim/GFR was 1.24. When animals with low Pcim were alkalotic (bicarbonate infusion), Ccim/GFR was 1.82 (different from control, P less than 0.01). In nonalkalotic animals, Ccim/GFR was not influenced by changes in urine flow rate. High levels of Pcim completely blocked net secretion of the cation, tetraethylammonium ion, but did not inhibit the secretion of the anion p aminohippurate. The half-time of cimetidine in plasma was 43 to 49 min. The apparent volume of distribution was 3.6-fold greater than estimated total body water. We conclude that cimetidine is secreted by the renal organic cation transport mechanism and that it probably undergoes passive reabsorption (nonionic diffusion) to a modest extent when the urine is alkaline. The relatively long half-life of the drug in the body, despite its very high renal clearance, is attributable to the large volume of distribution. PMID- 7205632 TI - Interactions of reserpine and morphine on rat intestinal transit. AB - A study was designed to examine the interactions of reserpine and morphine on rat intestinal transit. Intestinal transit was determined in adult male rats by measuring the progression of an intraduodenally administered bolus (0.2 ml) or radioactive chromium (Na2(51)CrO4, 0.5 microCi) solution through the small intestine. Reserpine phosphate and morphine sulfate were administered either s.c. at 5 mg/kg or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at 50 and 30 micrograms (total dose), respectively. Reserpine given s.c. 16 hr before testing enhanced intestinal transit when given alone and diminished the intestinal antipropulsive effects of morphine given s.c. or i.c.v. Reserpine given i.c.v. 8 hr before testing did not alter the intestinal effects of morphine given s.c. or i.c.v. Neostigmine methylsulfate (0.1 mg/kg) given s.c. did not alter intestinal transit by itself but antagonized the inhibition of intestinal transit produced by morphine given s.c. Atropine sulfate (6 mg/kg) given s.c. did not affect intestinal transit by itself, nor did it antagonize the intestinal effects of s.c. administered morphine. However, atropine inhibited enhanced intestinal transit after reserpine given s.c. and restored the inhibitory effect of peripheral morphine on intestinal transit in animals pretreated with peripheral neostigmine or reserpine. The results suggest that reserpine inhibits the central and peripheral antidiarrheal effects of morphine by acting peripherally. Reserpine may antagonize the intestinal antipropulsive effects of morphine in the rat by directly or indirectly activating muscarinic cholinergic receptors. PMID- 7205633 TI - The interaction of lisuride, an ergot derivative, with serotonergic and dopaminergic receptors in rabbit brain. AB - The interaction of lisuride (Lysenyl, Spofa), an ergot derivative, with serotonergic and dopaminergic receptors and with adenylate cyclase was studied in homogenates of rabbit brain. In frontal cortex, lisuride interacts with serotonin receptors as shown by its ability to compete with [3H]serotonin, [3H]spiroperidol and [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide for their receptor binding sites, with respective IC50 values of 14, 1.0 and 3.7 nM. The IC50 for displacement of [3H]spiroperidol by lisuride in frontal cortex was increased by the GTP analog, 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate, indicating an agonist-like interaction. Lisuride is extraordinarily potent in stimulating serotonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in this brain region, with maximal stimulations occurring at 0.1 nM lisuride. In caudate nucleus, lisuride interacted with both serotonergic and dopaminergic receptor sites as labeled by [3H]serotonin, [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide and [3H]2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, with IC50 values ranging from 2.0 to 7 nM. Lisuride did not stimulate adenylate cyclase in caudate nucleus. In summary, lisuride is a very potent stimulator of serotonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in rabbit frontal cortex and can interact with serotonin and dopamine receptor binding sites in rabbit cortex and caudate nucleus. PMID- 7205634 TI - Self-administration of cocaine derivatives by squirrel monkeys. AB - Lever pressing by squirrel monkeys was maintained under a 5-min fixed-interval schedule of drug self-administration; the first response after 5 min elapsed produced an i.v. injection of cocaine (2.7-267.7 micrograms/kg), the phenyltropane analog of cocaine, WIN 35,065-2 (0.6-64.3 micrograms/kg) or their respective N-demethylated derivatives, norcocaine (3.0-1,000.0 micrograms/kg) and WIN 35,981 (0.8-245.5 micrograms/kg). As the dose per injection was increased, responding maintained by each drug first increased and then decreased. When saline was substituted for the drugs, responding occurred irregularly and at low rates. The drugs were equally effective in maintaining responding, but WIN 35,065 2 was 3 to 10 times more potent than cocaine; cocaine and WIN 35,065-2 were each 3 to 10 times more potent than their N-demethylated derivatives, norcocaine and WIN 35,981. There was a high degree of stereoselectivity in the effects of the phenyltropane analogs; the (-)-isomer, WIN 35,065-2, was the most potent drug studied, yet its enantiomer, WIN 35,065-3, did not maintain responding at any dose tested (0.6-6427.7 micrograms/kg/injection). These structure-activity relations correspond to those observed previously for the effects of cocaine derivatives on schedule-controlled responding by pigeons and squirrel monkeys, suggesting that the reinforcing and other behavioral effects of these drugs reflect common pharmacological actions. PMID- 7205635 TI - Pharmacologic determinants of ototoxicity of furosemide in the chinchilla. PMID- 7205636 TI - Evaluation of phencyclidine analogs on the basis of their discriminative stimulus properties in the rat. PMID- 7205637 TI - Hypotensive action of synthetic fragments of parathyroid hormone. AB - Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its N-terminal 1-34 fragment were shown to be hypotensive in dogs. In this study, synthetic bovine PTH fragments containing the N-terminal amino acids 1-34, 24-34, 24-28 and 25-27 [bPTH-(1-34), bPTH-(24-34), bPTH-(24-28) and bPTH-(24-27)] were synthesized and tested for hypotensive activity in dogs. bPTH-(1-34) is the most potent of these. The tripeptide is ineffective at doses as high as 2 mg/kg. bPTH-(24-34) and bPTH-(24-28) exhibited hypotensive activity but were less effective than bPTH-(1-34). A decrease in chain length decreased the hypotensive activity. The maximum response produced by bPTH-(1-34) was greater than that of either bPTH-(24-34) or bPTH-(24-28). The maximum responses, however, of bPTH-(24-34) and bPTH-(24-28) were similar. Another striking difference between bPTH-(1-34) and the other two effective fragments was the duration of action. Whereas the action of bPTH-(1-34) at ED50 lasted for up to 6 min the action of bPTH-(24-34) and bPTH-(24-28) lasted for less than 1 min. The hypotensive effect of these three bPTH fragments was not affected by propranolol, phentolamine, atropine, promethazine or cimetidine. In the perfused rat hindlimb, bPTH-(24-28) produced log dose-related sustained vasodilation. PMID- 7205638 TI - Interaction of ethanol and nutrition during gestation: influence on maternal and offspring development in the rat. PMID- 7205639 TI - Inhibition of two monomeric butyrylcholinesterases from rabbit liver by chlorpromazine and other drugs. AB - A new form of cholinesterases has been discovered in rabbit liver; the new enzymes are monomeric butyrylcholinesterases (EC 3.1.1.8), mBuChE I and mBuChE II. These enzymes are inhibited reversibly by chlorpromazine in the pharmacologically active concentration range and they exhibit mixed competitive noncompetitive inhibition patterns. The apparent competitive inhibition constants, Ki with chlorpromazine, are 1.8 x 10(-6) M for mBuChE I and 7.6 x 10( 6) M for mBuChE II, whereas the noncompetitive inhibition constant is 1.1 x 10( 5) M for mBuChE II as determined by spectrophotometric assay with n butyrylthiocholine iodide substrate. Although inhibition of mBuChE I also exhibited noncompetitive behavior, a binding constant could not be determined. Human serum oligometric butyrylcholinesterase (oBuChE) was employed as a control cholinesterase and also demonstrated mixed inhibition kinetics. The competitive inhibition constant for the oBuChE was 5.5 x 10(-7) M in the low substrate region, whereas the apparent noncompetitive binding constant was 1.6 x 10(-5) M in the activated higher substrate region with n-butyrylthiocholine iodide as the substrate and chlorpromazine as the reversible inhibitor. The presence of a noncompetitive binding component indicates the presence of an operative modifier or allosteric site binding the inhibitor on both mBuChEs and the oBuChE. The inhibition constants were calculated assuming that the enzymes followed simple Michaelian kinetics. PMID- 7205640 TI - Renal excretion of levamisole. PMID- 7205641 TI - Uptake of galactose, ouabain and taurocholate into centrilobular and periportal enriched hepatocyte subpopulations. AB - Rat hepatocytes were isolated by a collagenase perfusion technique with subsequent subfractionation on Metrizamide gradients into subpopulations which have been designated band I and band II and are likely to be enriched with centrilobular and periportal cells, respectively. Band I was found to have a higher concentration of 5'-nucleotidase and band II a higher concentration of alcohol dehydrogenase. Furthermore, pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital led to higher cytochrome P-450 in the band I (centrilobular enriched) as compared to the band II (periportal enriched) subpopulations of hepatocytes. These data support their ascribed lobular origins. The uptake of a single concentration of galactose, ouabain and taurocholate into each of the two subpopulations was investigated until the concentration within the hepatocytes no longer increased. No difference was found in the uptake of [14C]galactose (25 mM) between the two hepatocyte subpopulations. However, the uptake of [3H]ouabain (125 microM) was greater in the centrilobular as compared to periportal enriched fraction of the hepatocytes. An even greater difference was found for the uptake of [3H]taurocholate (25 microM). The kinetics of taurocholate uptake were subsequently investigated. The Km for each subpopulation was 21 microM, while the Vmax of the centrilobular enriched fraction was 2.03 and that of the periportal enriched fraction was 1.57 nmol/min/mg of protein. These results show that there is a difference in uptake into hepatocytes of centrilobular and periportal origin for ouabain and taurocholate, but not for galactose. PMID- 7205642 TI - Renal toxicity due to reactive metabolites formed in situ in the kidney: investigations with 4-ipomeanol in the mouse. AB - The in vitro metabolism and covalent binding of the furan derivative, 4 ipomeanol, was mediated by oxygen-requiring, NADPH-dependent, CO-inhibitable microsomal enzymes present in the livers, lungs and kidneys of adult male mice. These activities were inhibitable by piperonyl butoxide and they were markedly enhanced in hepatic microsomes from C57/6J mice, but not DBA/2J mice, pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene. The i.p. administration of 4-ipomeanol to adult male mice resulted in the covalent binding of large amounts of its metabolite(s) in the lungs and kidneys. The material bound in the kidneys was located predominantly in the proximal renal cortical tubules. The covalent binding and toxicity of 4-ipomeanol to the renal tubules could be prevented by pretreatment of the animals with piperonyl butoxide. The hepatic covalent binding and toxicity of 4-ipomeanol were enhanced and the pulmonary and renal covalent binding and toxicity were decreased in C57BL/6J mice pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene; however, this pretreatment did not significantly alter the tissue covalent binding or toxicity of 4-ipomeanol in noninducible DBA/2J mice. These results support the view that renal damage by 4-ipomeanol in the mouse is caused by reactive 4-ipomeanol metabolite(s) formed in situ in the kidney. PMID- 7205643 TI - Development and application of a radioimmunoassay for tetracycline. AB - Antiserum against tetracycline was produced in rabbits immunized with a tetracycline hapten conjugated to bovine serum albumin. The antiserum was used to develop a radioimmunoassay for tetracycline. As little was 1 ng of tetracycline can be detected in one sample. The antitetracycline antiserum showed a considerable degree of specificity since it cross-reacted only with chlortetracycline (70%). However, its cross-reactivity with oxytetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline, methacycline and rolitetracycline was only negligible. The radioimmunoassay of tetracycline was used to measure the systemic bioavailability of orally administered tetracycline (25 mg/kg) to a group of mongrel dogs. Detectable levels of tetracycline were exhibited within 30 min and maximum plasma concentrations of the drug occurred within 3 to 4 hr after dose administration. PMID- 7205644 TI - Effects of naltrexone dose and history of naltrexone exposure on food- and codeine-maintained responding in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7205645 TI - Pentobarbital drinking by rhesus monkeys: establishment and maintenance of pentobarbital-reinforced behavior. PMID- 7205646 TI - Effects of clonidine on gastric acid secretion in the rat. AB - The effect of clonidine on gastric acid secretion was studied in the pylorus ligated stomach (Shay test) and in the perfused stomach of the rat. Clonidine produced biphasic (inhibitory and stimulatory) effects on gastric acid secretion. In the Shay test, clonidine produced only an inhibitory effect on spontaneous gastric acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner (ED50 = 0.042 mg/kg, intraduodenal administration). In the perfused stomach, clonidine in a dose range of 0.625 to 5 mg/kg i.p. slightly increased acid secretion. The secretion, induced by 5 mg/kg of clonidine, was antagonized by cimetidine (10 mg/kg i.p.) but was not affected by phentolamine. Clonidine, 1.25 mg/kg i.p., a dose which had only a slight stimulatory effect, enhanced histamine- and bethanechol-induced secretion. The enhancement of bethanechol-induced secretion was blocked by pretreatment with cimetidine, suggesting histamine H2 receptor stimulation by clonidine. After i.p. (1.25 mg/kg) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v., 20 and 40 micrograms/kg) administration, clonidine antagonized 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced acid secretion. Clonidine also inhibited secretion induced by vagal stimulation in anesthetized, vagi-sectioned rats. These results suggest that clonidine had both central and peripheral sites of action. The inhibitory effect on secretion induced by vagal stimulation was blocked by phentolamine (alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor blocker) but not by labetalol (which blocks alpha-1 but not alpha-2 receptors). It is proposed that the inhibitory effect of clonidine is due to its effect on presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors located on the postganglionic vagal fibers to the stomach. In summary, these data suggest that clonidine inhibited gastric acid secretion by both a central and a peripheral mechanism. As the dose was increased, clonidine also stimulated acid secretion by a stimulation of histamine H2 receptors. PMID- 7205647 TI - The differential localization of various drug metabolizing systems within the rat liver lobule as determined by the hepatotoxins allyl alcohol, carbon tetrachloride and bromobenzene. AB - Rats were pretreated with allyl alcohol, carbon tetrachloride or bromobenzene to induce histopathological evidence of periportal, midzonal to centrilobular, and centrilobular hepatic necrosis. The amount of various drug metabolizing enzyme systems present after necrosis was determined indirectly by measuring the rate of metabolism for specific substrates in vitro. The chemically induced hepatocellular injury of these toxins produced variable but significant alterations in hepatic drug metabolism. The changes in enzymatic activity related well with the area of the lesion produced by each toxin. Thus, these hepatotoxins appear to be useful as probes to determine the hepatolobular distribution of the various drug metabolizing enzyme systems studied. Aniline hydroxylase and p nitroanisole o-demethylase were concentrated in the midzonal and periportal zones, while aminopyrine N-demethylase was more uniformly distributed along the cytochrome P-450 gradient. Glucuronyltransferase was more heavily concentrated in the periportal-midzonal area, acetyltransferase was centrilobular-midzonal and glutathionetransferase was concentrated in the midzonal region. Thus, as is the case for cytochrome P-450, there appears to be a high degree of regional organization for all of the drug metabolizing enzymes within the hepatic lobule. PMID- 7205648 TI - The influence of D-penicillamine treatment upon seizure activity and trace metal status in the Senegalese baboon, Papio papio. AB - Reports suggesting participation of trace metals in processes of seizure initiation and propagation in humans and experimental animals prompted an investigation of the relationship between copper and zinc status and seizure activity in the Senegalese baboon, Papio papio. An evaluation of serum trace metal concentrations in three species of nonhuman primates revealed the presence of elevated zinc levels in P. papio moderately sensitive to photically induced seizures, compared with mildly seizure-prone and nonseizure-prone P. papio as well as nonseizure-prone primates. Papio cynocephalus and Macaca mulatta. By contrast, copper levels appeared similar in all three species. Chronic oral treatment with D-penicillamine, a chelating agent, resulted in marked protection against photic-induced seizures in the P. papio baboon, as well as changes in the trade metal status of serum and urine. Oral dosages of 30 to 40 mg/kg/day were sufficient to establish anticonvulsant effect over a period of 4 to 9 weeks in all animals tested without signs of toxicity or tolerance. Results suggest that metal chelation treatment may represent a new approach to the management of certain forms of human epilepsy. PMID- 7205649 TI - Methadone: radioimmunoassay and pharmacokinetics in the rat. AB - A radioimmunoassay for the quantitation of methadone in biofluids is described. The antiserum was prepared by using an albumin conjugate of N-methyl-N-(1-methyl 3,3-diphenyl-4-oxohexyl)aminoethanol succinate. By employing tritium-labeled dl methadone as the radioligand and a sample volume of 0.05 ml, the method has a lower limit of sensitivity of 3 ng/ml. The ability of the antiserum to detect methadone was not influenced by the presence of the metabolites of methadone or members of the methadol series. Morphine, codeine, levorphanol, meperidine, l, alpha-acetylmethadol and d-propoxyphene do not cross-react. After the i.v. administration of 0.90 or 1.5 mg/kg of methadone to male rats, plasma methadone levels decline biexponentially and elimination is independent of dose. The mean volume of distribution is 7.58 +/- 0.87 liters/kg; the mean elimination T 1/2 is 88.6 +/- 1.9 min and the plasma clearance is 59.3 +/- 1.4 ml/min/kg. These results demonstrate that methadone is eliminated by the rat much more rapidly than previously suspected. PMID- 7205650 TI - The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on the disposition of norepinephrine in the rabbit aorta. AB - Pretreatment of rabbits with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 25 mg/kg i.v. on day 0 plus 50 mg/kg i.v. on day 1, sacrifice on day 4) depleted 95% of the endogenous catecholamines from the rabbit thoracic aorta and heart. A partial recovery of endogenous catecholamines occurred over the next 2 weeks. 6-OHDA pretreatment decreased the cocaine-sensitive accumulation and the binding of l [3H]norepinephrine (l-[3H]NE) by 85% in the rabbit thoracic aorta. Thus, this pretreatment with 6-OHDA produced an adequate chemical sympathectomy of the rabbit thoracic aorta. The effects of 6-OHDA pretreatment on the accumulation ane metabolism of l-[3H]NE were examined in the isolated adventitia and isolated media of the rabbit aorta to determine the origin of the O-methylated metabolites formed by the isolated adventitia. In the isolated adventitia, 6-OHDA pretreatment decreased the accumulation of l-[3H]NE and the formation of deaminated metabolites by 80%, but the formation of [3H]normetanephrine was increased more than 2-fold. 6-OHDA produced only a slight decrease in the formation of one of the deaminated metabolites of l-[3H]NE by the isolated media. These results are interpreted to mean that in the isolated adventitia most of the accumulation and deamination of l-[3H]NE occurs in the adrenergic nerve terminals whereas most of the O-methylation occurs in the extraneuronal elements of the isolated adventitia. PMID- 7205651 TI - Disposition of morphine in rat brain: relationship to biological activity. AB - The levels of morphine in plasma and brain subcortex of rats were determined by gas-liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay at various time intervals after a single i.v. injection of graded doses of morphine (0.44, 1.04 and 2.25 mg/kg). The disappearance curve of morphine plasma levels appeared to be composed of at least two exponential terms: a rapid disappearance during the 1st hr, which was dependent on the unit dose of morphine injected and a slower disappearance rate after the 1st hr. The highest morphine levels in the brain were measured already 5 min after its injection and these levels only slightly decreased over the next 2 hr. Thereafter a more rapid disappearance of brain morphine was observed. The brain/plasma ratio gradually increased from 0.18 at 5 min after injection to about 1.0 at 60 and 120 min and decreased to approximately 0.4 at 4 hr after injection. This may suggest that morphine is retained in the brain during the 1st hr after injection and that it might be removed from the brain between 2 and 4 hr, possibly by an active process. The relationship between brain morphine levels and the degree of antinociception as assessed with the hot plate procedure appeared to be rather complicated. Shortly after morphine injection, but also at 60 and 120 min after injection, the antinociceptive effect was much lower than might be expected from the levels of morphine in the brain. Several possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed. A high dose of naltrexone, which completely blocked the antinociceptive effect of morphine, did not affect brain and plasma levels of morphine. Rifampicin, which attenuates development of morphine tolerance, increased brain levels of morphine but did not change plasma levels. Pretreatment with the tripeptide prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide, which facilitates development of morphine tolerance, decreased brain morphine levels and increased plasma levels at 3 hr after morphine injection. This suggests that tolerance development and the rate with which morphine is removed from the brain may have at least some common underlying mechanisms. PMID- 7205652 TI - The site of dopamine formation in rat striatum after L-dopa administration. AB - Unilateral nigrostriatal lesions produced by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine stereotaxically into both the substantia nigra and the medial forebrain bundle reduced striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine (DA) concentrations by 95% (compared with the intact, contralateral striata) but lowered dopa decarboxylase (DDC) activity by only 80%. L-Dopa administration increased DA concentrations in both lesioned and unlesioned sides; absolute increases were higher in control striata and pretreatment with carbidopa (an inhibitor of peripheral DDC) amplified the increases on both sides. Animals given both of the above lesions plus intrastriatal kainic acid injections exhibited a further reduction in DDC activity, i.e., to only 6% of the activity measured in intact, contralateral striata. Kainic acid lesions alone reduced striatal DDC activity by 20%, without affecting striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity or DA concentrations, and diminished DA formation from exogenous L-dopa. These observations indicate that DA formation from exogenous L-dopa within the striatum occurs mainly, but not exclusively, within DA terminals. Some DA formation persists after most DA neurons have been destroyed; it may occur within kainic acid-sensitive striatal interneurons or efferent neurons. The DA formed outside DA neurons is apparently able to stimulate postsynaptic DA receptors and to mediate some of the behavioral effects of L-dopa, since L-dopa continued to induce circling behavior in animals with unilateral nigrostriatal lesions, even when these lesions approached totality. PMID- 7205653 TI - Preferential reduction of first-pass elimination by ethanol. Model experiments with clomethiazole in the rabbit. AB - The importance of the route of drug administration for drug ethanol interactions was studied using clomethiazole as model drug. To 10 rabbits equipped with permanently implanted catheters in the portal vein, the vena cava and the aorta respectively, clomethiazole was infused either into the portal vein or the vena cava and either together with i.v. saline or with i.v. ethanol. Arterial plasma clomethiazole and ethanol concentrations were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. After portal clomethiazole infusion, ethanol increased by the relative availability of clomethiazole to 270 +/- 90% (S.D.) of the saline controls, whereas after i.v. clomethiazole infusions the relative availability was increased only to 120 +/- 20% of the corresponding controls. Similarly, ethanol increased average plasma clomethiazole concentrations after 90 min of portal infusion from 5 to 14 nmol/ml, whereas after i.v. clomethiazole infusions the ethanol effect was small, the concentrations increasing only from 28 to 35 nmol/ml. These results are compatible with the concept that an ethanol-induced reduction of the hepatic capacity to metabolize a highly extracted drug is reflected to a much larger extent during first-pass elimination than during systemic clearance. Consequently, clinical toxicity in inebriated subjects is more likely to occur after oral than after parenteral administration of high extraction drugs. PMID- 7205654 TI - Comparison of two dihydropyridine calcium antagonists on coronary collateral blood flow in acute myocardial ischemia. AB - Effects of two dihydropyridine calcium antagonists on regional myocardial blood flow produced by acute ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery were examined in the pentobarbital-anesthetized open-chest dog. Equivalent hypotensive doses of nifedipine (1.25 and 2.5 microgram/kg/min) and FR 7534 (5 and 10 micrograms/kg/min) produced similar decreases in mean arterial pressure and myocardial oxygen consumption and increases in coronary blood flow, dp/dt and contractile force in the intact nonischemic dog heart. Heart rate was unaffected. Nifedipine was 4 times as potent as FR 7534. Effects on ischemic myocardial blood flow measured with radioactive microspheres were examined with the same doses and also at controlled mean arterial pressure by use of methoxamine. Despite significant hypotension, nifedipine maintained and FR 7534 increased ischemic blood flow. When perfusion pressure was controlled, both compounds produced significant increases in transmural blood flow to the ischemic region. The increase produced by FR 7534 was significantly greater. Both nifedipine and, to a lesser extent, FR 7534 decreased the subendocardial to subepicardial blood flow ratio in the nonischemic myocardium without altering that of the ischemic myocardium. Drug-induced increases in ischemic blood flow were positively correlated with initial flow rate. The results indicate that both dihydropyridine calcium antagonists are capable of improving the oxygen supply-demand relationship during ischemia by reducing overall myocardial oxygen demand by increasing collateral blood flow. PMID- 7205655 TI - In vitro differences between human arteries and veins in their responses to hydralazine. AB - The inhibitory action of hydralazine on the contractility of human blood vessels has been examined by using in vitro human digital artery and metacarpal vein preparations obtained postmortem. Cumulative contractile concentration-effect curves were performed to norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, angiotensin, KCl and barium chloride (in both arteries and veins. With the exception of barium chloride, hydralazine shifted the concentration-effect curves to the right and reduced the maximum responses to these agonists. This effect was markedly greater in arteries than in veins in which hydralazine had no effect. The maximum responses to the agonists norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and KCl were markedly reduced when the normal bathing solution was replaced by a calcium free solution, and for each agonist this effect was much greater in veins than arteries. The responses to barium chloride, however, were not significantly altered by the calcium-free bathing solution. It is concluded that human arteries are much more sensitive to the effects of hydralazine than are human veins and that the mechanism of action of hydralazine is probably due to inhibition of the release of tightly bound calcium ions. PMID- 7205656 TI - Barbiturate enhancement of spike frequency adaptation in Aplysia giant neurons. AB - Pentobarbital and phenobarbital inhibit repetitive firing of action potentials in neurons of Aplysia by enhancing the normal process of spike frequency adaptation. Voltage clamp studies reveal a slowly developing outward current which is unique to neurons demonstrating spike frequency adaptation. Enhancement of this current by barbiturates was demonstrated and is the probable mechanism by which these drugs enhance adaptation. In experiments in which the pH of the applied drug solutions was altered, barbiturates were more effective in increasing both the slow outward current and adaptation at low pH, suggesting the unionized, acid form, of the drug is responsible for these effects. The concentrations of phenobarbital which were effective closely resembled plasma levels expected to be anticonvulsant. PMID- 7205657 TI - Stimulation of pulmonary J receptors by an enkephalin-analog. AB - Respiratory and cardiovascular actions of a stable enkephalin-analog (EA), D-met2 pro5-enkephalinamide, were studied in decerebrate male Wistar rats. Injection of a small dose of EA (10 micrograms/kg) into the right atrium produced apnea, bradycardia and hypotension within 1 to 2 sec. These effects lasted for 2 to 4 sec. Apnea was followed by a period of fast and shallow breathing which lasted for 7 to 10 min. The decrease in heart rate and mean blood pressure was 26 +/- 3% (S.E.) and 12 +/- 1.5% (S.E.), respectively. Higher doses of EA used in this study (100,500 and 1,000 micrograms/kg, right atrium) produced similar responses. However, the durations of apnea and fst and shallow breathing and magnitudes of bradycardia and hypotension were greater with the higher doses. Bilateral vagotomy (low in the neck) abolished these effects. These actions are typical of pulmonary J receptor stimulation. Nerve recording experiments in artificially ventilated rats showed that interruption of vagal innervation to the lungs abolished the EA-induced cessation of phrenic nerve activity (apnea), increased frequency of phrenic nerve bursts (fast breathing) and decreased spike activity in each burst (shallow breathing). These results suggested that EA stimulated lung sensory receptors. Of the known lung sensory receptors (stretch, irritant and J. receptors), only pulmonary J receptors are known to produce apnea, bradycardia and hypotension. Direct recordings from pulmonary J receptor fibers in thin filaments of vagus confirmed that EA stimulates these receptors. PMID- 7205658 TI - The effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and other drugs on sodium entry to cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Single cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, taken 7 min after the i.v. administration of tracer 22Na+, provided data for calculation of rate constants for entry of Na+ into CSF from plasma. Four carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors and certain other drugs were studied in terms of 1) ability to reduce the entry of Na+ into CSF and 2) level of drug in plasma. Dose-response curves were generated for the CA inhibitors. Complete CA inhibition in this system is defined by kin 0.017 to 0.019 min-1, a reduction of about 35% from the control kin for Na+. Acetazolamide, ethoxzolamide and methazolamide were fully inhibitory at 20 mg/kg. Significant decreases, approximately 19%, were caused by 2 mg/kg of acetazolamide or ethoxzolamide; methazolamide unaccountably was less effective at this dose. Benzolamide was relatively inactive, but gave full effect at 150 mg/kg. The diuretics furosemide and bumetanide and the steroid dexamethasone showed no activity against Na+ entry. In considering these responses, attention is given to drug affinity for CA and to properties affecting access of inhibitors to CSF-secreting sites. There is a well recognized correlation between the movement of Na+ from plasma into CSF and the secretion of CSF. These data may, therefore, be taken as indicators of the relative ability of the drugs to decrease CSF flow. PMID- 7205659 TI - Methanol poisoning and formate oxidation in nitrous oxide-treated rats. AB - Formic acid does not accumulate in the rat after the administration of methanol as it does in methanol-poisoned humans and monkeys. In addition, rats do not manifest the metabolic acidosis and ocular toxicity characteristic of methanol intoxication in primates. Nitrous oxide treatment was used to inhibit 5 methyltetrahydrofolate homocysteine methyltransferase (methionine synthetase, EC 4.2.99.10) in order to delineate the role of this enzyme in regulating the metabolism of formate in rats and in determining the sensitivity of this species to methanol intoxication. Nitrous oxide treatment resulted in a decrease in hepatic levels of nonmethylated tetrahydrofolate forms and an increase in 5 methyltetrahydrofolate. Rats treated with nitrous oxide exhibited a marked decrease in the rate of oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. The rate of disappearance of formate from the blood in these animals was decreased to half the control rate. Rats treated with nitrous oxide and administered methanol accumulated formate in blood and developed metabolic acidosis. These studies support the concept of a key role of methionine synthetase in supplying the tetrahydrofolate required for the folate-dependent oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide as well as the importance of this pathway in determining the sensitivity of a species to methanol poisoning. PMID- 7205660 TI - Effects of hyaluronidase and protamine on resistance and transport after coronary flow reduction in heparinized dogs. AB - We have measured the effects of hyaluronidase, protamine and a mixture of the two drugs on coronary flow resistance and transcapillary exchange in 20 heparinized, anesthetized dogs in which flow to the left anterior descending coronary artery was supplied through an extracorporeal shunt from the carotid artery. Multiple tracer measurements were made by injecting a mixture of isotopes into the shunt and sampling from the coronary sinus. These were carried out under base-line conditions, after 1 hr of reduced flow to the left anterior descending coronary artery and after a 2nd hr during which the drug under study was infused into the ischemic zone. The results of multiple-tracer measurements were expressed as extravascular water volume (VT), extravascular sucrose volume (VS) and microvascular permeability surface area for sucrose. It was found that flow reduction significantly reduced VT, VS and permeability surface area. Resistance increased during the period of reduced flow after an initial decrease immediately upon flow reduction. In five dogs, a mixture of hyaluronidase and protamine significantly lowered coronary flow resistance and increased permeability surface are, VT, VS and VS/VT compared to preinfusion, reduced flow values. Infusion of hyaluronidase alone had significantly less effect in five other dogs, whereas infusion of protamine alone (N = 5) and saline (N = 5) did not affect resistance or transport. It is concluded that protamine enhances the effects of hyaluronidase when heparin is present, probably by preventing its blockade of hyaluronidase action. PMID- 7205661 TI - Acute and chronic effects of opiates on single neurons of the myenteric plexus. AB - Extracellular recordings were made from single neurons in the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig ileum in vitro. Tissue was removed from morphine-naive guinea pigs and maintained in vitro for up to 24 hr; the firing rate of the neurons was reduced by opiate agonists and unaffected by opiate antagonists. Tissues were also removed from animals which had been pretreated with morphine during 3 days and placed into an in vitro solution which contained morphine. An increase in the concentration of morphine did not inhibit neuronal firing and naloxone caused a pronounced excitation of such cells. Cross-tolerance among different opiate agonists was apparent. In a third experiment, tissues were removed from morphine naive guinea pigs and incubated in vitro for 24 hr in a solution which contained an opiate agonist. An increase in the concentration of agonist did not inhibit cell firing and opiate antagonists caused marked excitations of neurons incubated with morphine. Incubation with opiate agonists induced a much reduced sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of morphine on cell firing (tolerance) and also sensitized the cells to a marked excitatory effect of opiate antagonists (dependence) which was similar to the changes induced by in vivo opiate administration. The changes induced by morphine during 24 hr in vitro were not affected by the concomitant presence of sufficient lidocaine to prevent neuronal activity. PMID- 7205662 TI - Dose-dependent stimulation of renal prostaglandin synthesis by deamino-8-D arginine vasopressin in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus. AB - It has been postulated that renal prostaglandins (PGs) function as negative feedback inhibitors of the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), implying a correlation between levels of ADH and the rate of renal PG synthesis. These studies have evaluated the relationship between renal PG synthesis and hormone levels in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus, a species devoid of circulating ADH. Since vasoconstrictor agents can stimulate renal PG synthesis by mechanisms unrelated to antidiuretic activity, deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) was utilized for replacement therapy instead of arginine vasopressin, which has considerable pressor activity. dDAVP was administered by S.C. implanted osmotic minipumps to obtain steady states of dDAVP at different dose levels. As indices of renal PG synthesis, urinary excretion of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PGE2 excretion, although increased by dDAVP treatment, was not correlated with dose of dDAVP. However, PGF2 alpha excretion was highly correlated with dose of dDAVP (r = 0.97, P less than .01). The sum (PGE2 + PGF2 alpha), which may more accurately reflect total medullary PG synthesis, was also significantly correlated with dose of dDAVP (r = 0.98, P less than .001). It is concluded that dDAVP stimulates renal PG synthesis in a dose-related fashion. This occurs at doses which bring urine osmolality into the normal physiological range. Furthermore, it is shown that stimulation of renal PG synthesis by arginine vasopressin is not due primarily to its pressor action. These experiments also provide evidence that urinary PGE2 and PGF2 alpha excretion can vary independently. PMID- 7205663 TI - Effect of acetylcholine on membrane currents in guinea-pig papillary muscle. AB - 1. The effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on the membrane current components in guinea pig papillary muscle was studied by the single sucrose gap voltage clamp method. 2. The slow inward current (is) elicited by various depolarizations from the holding potential of -40 mV was evidently diminished by ACh greater than 5 x 10( 7) M. The amplitude of is, estimated as the difference between the peak of is and the current at 150 msec, was reduced to 56.8 +/- 12.9% (mean +/- S.D., n = 34) by 2 x 10(-8) M-ACh when estimated at the membrane potential where the amplitude was maximal. 3. is was suppressed almost completely by 2 mM-Co2+, is obtained by subtracting the current remaining in 2 mM-Co2+ was also diminished to the same extent by 2 x 10(-6) M-Ach with little change in its time course; the degree of decrease was not dependent on the membrane potential. 4. The time-dependent outward current during the depolarizing pulse was also diminished by 2 x 10(-6) M Ach. Correspondingly, the positive tail current obtained when the membrane was repolarized to the holding potential of -40 mV after various 1 sec depolarizations was reduced in a proportionate manner to 68.6 +/- 7.3% (n = 10). 5. The time-independent inward rectifying outward current was not affected by 2 x 10(-6) M-Ach. 6. Atropine (10(-6) M) restored is and the time-dependent outward current which had been previously depressed by 2 x 10(-6) M-ACh. 7. ACh may decrease tension development by depressing is, thereby preserving the duration of the action potential with relatively little change, since, different from atrial muscle, ACh does not increase the outward current in mammalian ventricular muscle. PMID- 7205665 TI - Ionic currents in slow twitch skeletal muscle in the rat. AB - 1. The ionic currents in slow fibres isolated from rat soleus muscle have been studied under voltage-clamp conditions with a double sucrose-gap method and the results are compared to those obtained from fast fibres isolated from the iliacus muscle. 2. The mean value of the resting potential in slow fibres is -70 mV. a value 8 mV more positive that the mean resting potential of fast fibres (-78 mV). 3. In slow muscle, a fast inward current which is blocked by tetrodotoxin and which depends on external sodium concentration is presumed to be carried by sodium ions. The characteristics of this current, which are time- and voltage dependent, are similar to those of the iliacus fibres. From a holding potential at -86 mV, this inward current is maximal (2.6 mA/cm2 +/- 0.3) at +49.1 mV +/- 1.5 (mean +/- S.E. of mean), reverses at +127.3 mV +/- 2.2 (mean +/- S.E. of mean), and its half inactivation occurs at +23.2 mV +/- 0.8 (mean +/- S.E. of mean). 4. The delayed outward current in slow fibres is unchanged by exposure to chloride free solution and has a time course very different from that found in fast fibres. This current reaches an initial peak in 5-10 msec and a second peak or steady level after 40-150 msec. The decay of the outward current is also very different, being ten times slower than that in fast fibres (1500-3000 msec). 5. Analysis of the tail currents reveals the existence of two components of delayed current in slow fibres. The faster component reverses at a potential of 11.3 mV +/- 0.9 (mean +/- S.E. of mean) positive to the holding potential (equivalent to a membrane potential of about -75 mV), in contrast to a reversal potential of 35.4 mV +/- 2.5 (mean +/- S.E. of mean) positive to the holding potential for the slower component (equivalent to a membrane potential of about -51 mV. 6. In L glutamate solution the characteristics of the inward-going rectification are the same in the two types of muscle. PMID- 7205664 TI - Chromaffin cell action potentials and their possible role in adrenaline secretion from rat adrenal medulla. AB - 1. The role of action potentials in adrenaline secretion was investigated in the rat adrenal medulla. The effects of various treatments on adrenaline secretion from the perfused adrenal medulla were compared with the effects of similar treatments on spike frequency in dissociated adrenal chromaffin cells. 2. KCl concentrations between 10 and 20 mM increased the extracellularly recorded spike frequency of dissociated adrenal chromaffin cells. Upon perfusion by a KCl concentration of 30 mM there was an initial brief burst of spikes followed by a period of inactivity in the continued presence of 30 mM-Kcl. Tetrodotoxin (TTX, 6 microM) decreased the amplitude and frequency of the KCl evoked spikes. 3. The rate of adrenaline secretion from the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland increased as the KCl concentration was raised to 10 and up to 120 mM. Secretion which was evoked by KCl concentrations between 10 and 20 mM was partially inhibited by TTX. At KCl concentrations of 30 mM or greater evoked secretion was no longer affected by TTX. 4. CoCl2 (5 mM) blocked KCl increase of spike frequency and also blocked stimulation of adrenaline secretion by all concentrations of KCl tested. 5. Tetraethylammonium chloride (10 mM), which decreased spike frequency but greatly prolonged the spike duration, enhanced secretion induced by 15 mM-Kcl. 6. The results are consistent with the following interpretation. The TTX insensitive portion of the KCl stimulated adrenaline secretion is due to Ca influx through voltage dependent Ca channels which are open as a consequence of the steady-state level of KCl depolarization. The TTX sensitive portion of secretion is indicative of an extra increment of Ca influx during spike activity enhanced by KCl. This increment of Ca influx may occur through voltage dependent Ca channels whose activation is facilitated by the voltage changes caused during the TTX sensitive Na component of the spike and possibly through the Na channel itself. 7. Stimulation of secretion by acetylcholine (ACh) in the perfused adrenal medulla was half maximal at 15 microM and began to saturate around 50 microM. Release was partially inhibited by TTX only when the concentration of ACh was 10 microM or less. The possible role of action potentials in ACh stimulated adrenaline release is discussed. PMID- 7205666 TI - A comparison of distal and proximal dendritic synapses on CAi pyramids in guinea pig hippocampal slices in vitro. AB - 1. In vitro slices of guinea-pig hippocampus have been employed to compare excitatory synapses located distally and proximally on the dendritic tree of CA1 pyramidal cells.2. The main orientation of unmyelinated afferent fibres was found to be parallel to each other and perpendicular to the dendritic axis.3. The density of boutons ending on dendritic spines was roughly similar throughout the greater part of the dendritic tree with an average of 42 +/- 7.2 synapses per 100 mum(2). Their number did, however, decrease in the distal fifth of the apical and in the distal third of the basal dendritic region in parallel with an increase of boutons on the dendritic shafts.4. Negative synaptic field potentials (extracellular field e.p.s.p.s) had their maximum in the region where activated afferent fibres terminated and showed reversal when recorded from sufficiently displaced positions along the dendritic axis. The field e.p.s.p. was preceded by a diphasic presynaptic fibre volley. By cutting all but a narrow bundle of afferent fibres selective activation of a small group of dendritic synapses was possible. Stimulation of fibres crossing tissue bridges (35-100 mum wide) evoked field e.p.s.p.s comparable in amplitude to those seen in slices without lesions. The size of the field e.p.s.p.s evoked via distal and proximal bridges was remarkably similar and linearly related to the size of the appropriate stimulus current and presynaptic volley.5. Selective activation of a small group of afferent fibres gave rise to large amplitude population spikes. Proximal and distal bridges were largely equipotent when they were equally wide. Above the threshold amplitude, the evoked population spikes were linearly related to both the presynaptic volley and the stimulus current. Constant current stimulation of fibres at all apical dendritic levels was equally effective in evoking population spikes, with the exception of the outer fifth of the tree where stimulation was unsuccessful. Input across distal or proximal bridges (400 or 50 mum from the soma) also gave the same high probability of discharge of single units (1.0 for thirty-five of thirty-six cells).6. An input across a narrow and distal bridge (35 mum), representing less than 5% of the fibres synapsing on the apical dendrite, was sufficient to give a firing probability of 1.0 for all cells tested (fifteen).7. For seventeen cells pairs of equally wide distal and proximal apical dendritic bridges were compared. Both inputs gave a mean probability of firing above 0.95 with stimulation strengths less than 2.5 times the spike threshold.8. Intracellular e.p.s.p.s had similar shapes following activation across distal and proximal dendritic bridges. The amplitude of neither type was significantly affected by hyperpolarization of the soma up to 25 mV. The half-width was prolonged to the same moderate degree for both inputs.9. The firing level for the action potential was similar for proximal and distal dendritic inputs and for spikes excited by depolarizing current pulses across the soma membrane.10. The apparent equipotentiality of synchronously activated distal and proximal dendritic synapses is discussed in the light of the known histology of the CA1 pyramidal cells. PMID- 7205667 TI - Porcine muscle responses to carbachol, alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor agonists, halothane or hyperthermia. AB - 1. Whole body trans-section at the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra of stress-susceptible or normal Poland China swine provided a preparation of isolated perfused caudal muscle that was without nervous or hormonal influences. Metabolic responses to halothane anaesthesia were exaggerated in the susceptible preparation. 2. Carbachol (10(-4) M) increased O2 consumption threefold and elevated blood lactate levels from 3 to 8 mumole/ml. in susceptible but not in normal muscle preparations. 3. Isoprenaline in a continuous infusion (2.5 micrograms/kg caudal wt. per min for 12 min, subsequently diminished to 1.2 microgram/kg per min) did not increase O2 consumption of susceptible or normal muscle but did increase blood lactate by 2 mumole/ml. in both. 4. Simultaneous administration of carbachol and isoprenaline resulted in additive increases in blood lactate. 5. Incremental increases in temperature above 41 degrees C initiated exaggerated increases in O2 consumption and blood lactate in susceptible but not normal muscle; these were similar to whole body responses. 6. Phenylephrine (0.2-25 micrograms/kg per min continuous) produced (i) hypertension, (ii) no observed effects upon aerobic or anaerobic metabolism and (iii) progressive tissue oedema; these effects were similar in susceptible and normal muscle. 7. Skeletal muscle from stress-susceptible swine is evidently inherently capable of metabolic responses to cholinergic agonists and increased temperature; these responses are greater than those in normal muscle. This suggests that initiation of stress responses in intact swine is related to somatic motor and sympathetic stimulation of abnormal skeletal muscle, and not to a disorder of the somatic or sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7205668 TI - Functional capacities of tactile afferent fibres in neonatal kittens. AB - 1. Responses were recorded from individual tactile afferent fibres isolated by microdissection from the median nerve of pentobarbitone-anaesthetized neonatal kittens (1-5 days post-natal age). Experiments were also conducted on adult cats to permit precise comparisons between neonatal and adult fibres.2. Neonatal fibres with receptive fields on the glabrous skin of the foot pads were classified into two broad groups, a slowly adapting class (40%) which responded throughout a 1 sec period of steady indentation and a rapidly adapting or dynamically sensitive class comprising 60% of units. Fibres in these two groups had overlapping conduction velocities in the range 4.3 to 7.5 m/sec and were believed to be the developing Group II afferents of the adult.3. Neonatal slowly adapting fibres qualitatively resembled their adult counter-parts. They displayed graded stimulus-response relations which, over the steepest segment of the curves, had mean slopes of 15.7 impulses/100 mum of indentation. Plateau levels of response were often reached at amplitudes of skin indentation of < 0.5-0.7 mm.4. Dynamically sensitive fibres with receptive fields on the glabrous skin were studied using sinusoidal cutaneous vibration which in the adult enables them to be divided into two distinct classes. However, in the neonate, they formed a continuum whether criteria of sensitivity or responsiveness were used.5. In response to vibration neonatal fibres differed from adult ones according to the following quantitative indices: (i) sensitivity as measured by both absolute thresholds and thresholds for a 1: 1 pattern of response, both of which were higher in the neonate than in the adult at all frequencies > 50 Hz and differed by an order of magnitude at frequencies >/= 200 Hz; (ii) responsiveness based on the mean impulse rate evoked at a fixed amplitude of cutaneous vibration; (iii) band width of vibratory sensitivity which in the neonate was confined to approximately 5-300 Hz whereas in the two classes of adult units it covered the range 5-800 Hz; (iv) capacity for coding information about vibration frequency. Impulse activity of neonatal fibres was less tightly phase-locked to the vibratory stimulus and showed a poorer reflection of the periodic nature of the vibratory stimulus than impulse patterns of adult units.6. The results reveal that tactile receptors and afferent fibres in the neonate are functionally immature. Their restricted coding capacities suggest that peripheral tactile sensory mechanisms impose limits on the ability of the new-born animal to derive information about its tactile environment. PMID- 7205669 TI - Projections from Pacinian corpuscles and rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors of glabrous skin to the cat's spinal cord. AB - 1. Single axons innervating Pacinian corpuscles and rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors of the foot and toe pads were injected with horseradish peroxidase near their entrance to the lumbosacral spinal cord in cats anaesthetized with chloralose and paralysed with gallamine triethiodide. Subsequent histochemistry revealed the morphology of the intra-spinal parts of the axons. 2. All Pacinian corpuscle axons that could be traced into the dorsal root bifurcated upon entering the cord into ascending and descending branches. All Pacinian corpuscle axons gave rise to collaterals that entered the dorsal horn. 3. The collaterals of Pacinian corpuscle afferent fibres had a distinctive morphology. They provided two regions of termination, a larger dorsal region in laminae III and IV and a smaller ventral region in laminae V and VI. Within the dorsal region the terminal axons ran mainly in the longitudinal axis of the cord and carried many boutons en passant. Within the ventral region the axons ran dorso-ventrally in the transverse plane of the cord and although carrying some boutons en passant also gave rise to clusters of boutons. 4. The collaterals of rapidly adapting afferent fibres had a distinctive morphology different from that of the Pacinian corpuscle afferent fibre collaterals. The termination region of rapidly adapting afferents was limited almost exclusively to lamina III, with only slight extension into lamina IV. Boutons were mainly of the en passant type and terminal axons were generally orientated within the longitudinal axis of the cord. 5. The morphology of the afferent fibre collaterals is discussed in relation to the physiology of the dorsal horn. PMID- 7205670 TI - The role of the vagus and splanchnic nerves in the regulation of intragastric pressure in the ferret. AB - 1. The role of the vagus and splanchnic nerves in the regulation of intragastric pressure was investigated by quantifying the effect of nerve section on the response to a standard fluid inflation of the stomach. An opportunity was also taken to compare the responses to a step and physiological ramp inflation of the same volume (50 ml). 2. The peak pressure at the end ot the step inflation (13.6 +/- 1.0 cmH2O) was twice that for a ramp inflation (6.2 +/- 0.4 cmH2O). 5 min after the peak the pressures were similar (4.8 +/- 0.3 cmH2O; 4.7 +/- 0.3 cmH2O) for both. 3. Vagotomy produced a significant increase in the intragastric pressure response for both the peak and plateau levels of the step and ramp inflations. 4. Atropine produced a statistically significant decrease in the pressure response to both step and ramp inflation. 5. Splanchnic nerve section produced an increase in the intragastric pressure response to both step and ramp inflations although the values failed to reach the 5% significance level. However, following vagotomy or atropine, section of the splanchnic nerves produced a statistically significant increase in the pressure response to inflation. 6. These results indicate that the vagal cholinergic excitatory and vagal non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic inhibitory fibres are activated at physiological levels of gastric inflation and play a role in the regulation of intragastric pressure. The splanchnic nerves also play a role although in the intact animal they are suppressed by the action of the vagus nerve. PMID- 7205672 TI - Comparison between the delayed outward current in slow and fast twitch skeletal muscle in the rat. AB - 1. A comparison of the delayed outward current of isolated fibres from rat soleus and iliacus muscle has been made using a double sucrose-gap voltage-clamp method. 2. The fast and slow components of the outward current were separated using time constants of the tail currents. The results indicate that in both iliacus and soleus fibres there is a shift in reversal potential which depends on the quantity of current that flows during depolarization. 3. The shift is larger in iliacus than in soleus; it is absent in glycerol-treated muscles. 4. The results obtained in normal and in detubulated fibres show that the shift is due to an accumulation process of potassium ions in the lumen of the T-tubules. 5. In detubulated soleus fibres the outward current is composed of a fast and a slow component, each with the same reversal potential; in detubulated iliacus the slow component is absent. 6. In both types of muscles TEA produces a dose-dependent block of the total outward current. 4-aminopyridine has different effects; it inhibits the total outward current in iliacus fibres and only the fast component in soleus fibres. 7. These results show that in soleus fibres a fast and a slow component participate in the potassium outward current, while only a fast component is present in iliacus muscle. PMID- 7205671 TI - Effects of pentagastrin on intestinal absorption and blood flow in the anaesthetized dog. AB - 1. Pentagastrin (1, 10 micrograms/min) was infused I.V. into fed and fasted anaesthetized dogs and the intestinal absorption of NaCl and H2O and blood flow were determined. The influence of pentagastrin-induced cardiovascular changes on absorption was investigated. 2. 22Na and 3H2O were used to determine the unidirectional Na and H2O fluxes from saline perfused through the ileal lumen and the clearances of 3H2O were used to calculate total and absorptive site blood flow. 3. Ileal absorption of Na and H2O was reduced by 10 micrograms/min pentagastrin due primarily to significant increases in the secretory flux of Na and decreases in the absorptive flux of H2O in both fed and fasted animals. 4. Neither total intestinal blood flow, arterial nor mesenteric vein pressure were changed by pentagastrin but absorptive site blood flow was decreased in fasted but not in fed dogs. 5. Pretreatment with atropine reduced the effects of pentagastrin but pretreatment with guanethidine potentiated the effects of pentagastrin. 6. Absorptive site blood flow was positively linearly correlated with the absorptive fluxes of both Na and H2O. The relationships between the secretory fluxes of Na and H2O and estimated capillary pressure were changed from a positive relationship in control periods to a less positive or negative relationship following pentagastrin. 7. It was concluded that pentagastrin reduces intestinal absorption through both a cardiovascular effect and an effect on the intestinal epithelium. Also, there is a strong autonomic component in the effects of pentagastrin on intestinal absorption. PMID- 7205673 TI - Intrinsic regulation of functional blood flow and water absorption in canine colon. AB - 1. Autoregulation of total and absorptive site blood flow and H2O fluxes were studied in canine colon during arterial pressure decreases and venous pressure elevations. 2. Reductions in arterial pressure caused proportional decreases in total colonic blood flow indicating no autoregulatory ability. In contrast, absorptive site blood flow was constant over an arterial pressure range of 40-140 mmHg but decreased sharply below 40 mmHg. 3. Venous pressure elevation decreased total blood flow and increased resistance but had no effect on absorptive site blood flow over a range of 0-30 mmHg. 4. Net H2O absorption was unchanged by alteration of arterial or venous pressure but the unidirectional H2O fluxes decreased with arterial pressure reduction and were unchanged by venous pressure elevation. 5. Adenosine infusion increased total and absorptive site blood flow and the unidirectional H2O fluxes yet had no effect on net H2O flux. 6. It was concluded that absorptive site blood flow is very well autoregulated in the colon but total blood flow is not. Net H2O absorption is maintained during decreased blood flow by maintenance of blood flow to the mucosa and by decreasing the back flux of H2O across the mucosa. PMID- 7205674 TI - A comparative electrophysiological study of motor end-plate diseased skeletal muscle in the mouse. AB - 1. Experiments using intracellular recording, stimulation, and microionophoretic techniques were performed on extensor digitorum longus nerve-muscle preparations excised from mice having hereditary 'motor end-plate disease'. Control experiments were performed on normal innervated and chronically denervated nerve muscle preparations. 2. Two physiologically distinct groups of muscle fibres were found in the diseased muscles. Group I is similar to normal innervated muscle with respect to resting potentials, cable properties, neuromuscular transmission, miniature end-plate potentials, and extrajunctional acetylcholine sensitivity. Group II is similar to denervated muscle in the above respects except that (i) neuromuscular transmission, though abnormal, was present, and (ii) miniature end plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s), often having large amplitudes, were found in these muscle fibres. 3. Large m.e.p.p.s appear to be due to an increase in muscle fibre input resistance and to the quantal release of abnormally large amounts of acetylcholine from motor nerve terminals. 4. Nerve stimulation of group II muscle fibres evoked action potentials with a delayed repolarization phase, suggesting that a prolonged acetylcholine-induced conductance change occurs at motor end plates. 5. Neuromuscular physiology in motor end-plate disease is similar to that reported for frog nerve-muscle preparations which have been incubated in high Ca2+ Ringer. PMID- 7205675 TI - Feto-maternal histoincompatibility and placental blood flow. AB - 1. We have designed experiments aimed at resolving some of the controversy concerning the effect of histoincompatibility on the development of the fetus and its placenta. 2. Experiments included the generation of pregnancies in which H-2 compatible and H-2 histoincompatible embryos were simultaneously present. Genetic markers (Brachyury and Kink) were used to facilitate determination of the H-2 haplotype. Additional strain combinations were used to analyse the role of non-H 2 differences. 3. In addition to determining fetal and placental weights, blood flow to the placenta was measured by use of radioisotope-labelled microspheres introduced into the arterial circulation. 4. Under the conditions of our experiments we have failed to detect differences in fetal weight, in placental weight, or in placental blood flow. 5. Thus we support the increasingly prevalent view that histo-incompatibility does not necessarily lead to changes in placental or fetal weight, and we add the additional finding that placental blood flow also is not significantly altered as a result of feto-maternal incompatibility. PMID- 7205677 TI - Effects of pregnancy on glucose handling by rat kidneys. AB - 1. Glomerular filtration rate (g.f.r.), and renal reabsorption and excretion of glucose, sodium and potassium were measured in 7-8 day pregnant rats and age matched (12-13 week old) virgin controls undergoing saline and glucose infusions. 2. Pregnancy was associated with an increased g.f.r. and a decreased urine flow rate during both infusions. 3. During saline infusion, more glucose was excreted in pregnant animals than in virgins but with no significant difference in fractional reabsorption. During glucose infusion, pregnant animals excreted less glucose than virgins, owing to a decrease in the filtered load but with no significant difference in fractional reabsorption. 4. During both saline and glucose infusion, pregnant animals excreted less sodium than virgin controls. 5. During saline infusion, pregnant animals excreted more potassium. During glucose infusion, pregnant animals excreted less potassium than control animals. PMID- 7205676 TI - Studies on the relationship between rat renal medullary cell volume and external anion concentration in hyperosmolal media. AB - 1. The volumes of cells in slices of rat renal outer medulla have been examined following incubation or 25 min in hyperosmolal media (650 and 950 m-osmole/kg H2O) containing independently variable concentrations of Cl (70-325 mM) and HCO3 (10-60 mM) (gas phase 95% O2/5% CO2). 2. For any given level of external Cl concentration cell volumes were reduced by increasing the external HCO3 concentration. These reductions were accompanied by net loss of cellular K and Cl. In confirmation of earlier findings, cell volumes were also reduced by increasing external Cl concentration. 3. Experiments in which the HCO3 concentration and pH of the incubation media were independently varied by the use of N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulphonic acid (HEPES)/100% O2 showed that it is the HCO3 anion per se which influences cell volume. 4. The anion exchange inhibitor 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (SITS, disodium salt, 1 mM) abolished the dependence of cell volume upon HCO3 but not upon Cl. 5. Acetazolamide (1 mM) influenced (reduced) cell volumes only in the presence of low (10 mM) HCO3. 6. CNS (25 mM) also markedly reduced cell volumes in media containing 10mM-HCO3 and, to a lesser extent, 25 mM-HCO3. It was without effect on cell volume when external HCO3 was 60 mM. 7. The presence of CNS was associated with the significant cellular net accumulation of Cl in media in which either Cl or HCO3 concentration (or both) was low (70 or 130 mM and 19 mM respectively). 8. The outer medullary [35S]CNS space at 25 min, determined for slices incubated in a representative selection of the various media employed in this study, exceeded the [14C]inulin space by 1.77 microliters/10 mg wet weight. PMID- 7205678 TI - The respiratory role of the ventral surface of the medulla studied in the anaesthetized rat. AB - 1. The respiratory role of the ventral surface of the medulla was studied in rats anaesthetized with a urethane-chloralose mixture. 2. In fifty-eight studies on twelve animals, direct superfusion of the medullary surface with artificial c.s.f. made acid by the reduction of bicarbonate content or by the increase of PCO2 produced no significant stimulation of respiration provided that the temperature of the brain surface was unaltered. 3. Superperfusion of the medullary surface with c.s.f. of low bicarbonate content produced an inhibition of respiration in fourteen of thirty-eight experiments. 4. Electrical stimulation on the surface revealed a localized area lateral to the pyramids and rostral to the XIIth nerve where stimulation at low intensity produced an increase in the frequency and depth of respiration. 5. The application of carbachol to a similar region increased both the frequency and amplitude of ventilation at lower concentrations than were required to obtain effects from surrounding areas. 6. Sudden switching between perfusates at different temperatures produced changes of ventilation within 1-2 sec of a change of surface temperature. The Q10 for the ventilation/temperature relationship was approximately 6. 7. The experiments confirm that the ventral surface of the medulla contains neural elements which, at least during urethane-chloralose anaesthesia, have a significant effect on respiration. The stimulus for these effects in the rat does not appear to be a change in H+ concentration. It appears more probable that the primary role of the area lies in the link between thermal and respiratory regulation. PMID- 7205679 TI - Thermoregulatory characteristics of neurogenic hyperthermia in the rat. AB - 1. The thermoregulatory characteristics of the neurogenic hyperthermia produced in rats by unilateral mechanical destruction of the rostral hypothalamic/preoptic region were studied. 2. The investigational methods employed included (a) observing the thermoregulatory effector activities which were responsible for generation of hyperthermia, (b) observing the thermoregulatory reactions elicited by forcefully elevating or lowering core temperature during neurogenic hyperthermia and (c) observing the effect of ambient temperature on hyperthermia magnitude. 3. At 26 degrees C, hyperthermia was effected by a transient increase in shivering thermogenesis and a concomitant minimization of heat loss through the tail. 4. At 26 degrees C, perturbations of core temperature during the plateau phase of hyperthermia were induced by internal or external heating and cooling. The disturbances elicited compensatory changes in shivering activity and in tail vasomotor tonus, and core temperature was rapidly and precisely returned to its pre-perturbation level. 5. The magnitudes of hyperthermias experienced by rats lesioned at 10, 15, 26 and 32 degrees C, as measured by the change in colonic temperature and by the area under the fever curve, were not significantly different. At 36 degrees C, rats were hyperthermic prior to lesioning, and the magnitude of the lesion-induced hyperthermia was significantly attenuated. 6. The results indicate that the neurogenic hyperthermia produced by unilateral hypothalamic puncture in the rat is generated by a coordinated modulation of thermogenic and heat retentive effectors and that the plateau level of hyperthermia is well regulated. These characteristics are compatible with the hypothesis that neurogenic hyperthermia is mediated by prostaglandins released from injured tissue and acting on surviving rostral hypothalamic tissue. PMID- 7205680 TI - Osmoreceptors or sodium receptors: an investigation into ADH release in the rhesus monkey. AB - 1. ADH secretion was studied in trained, preoperated conscious monkeys undergoing water diuresis after administration of isosmolar hypertonic solutions of different substances into any one of the following sites: (i) anterior third ventricle, (ii) the hypothalamus, just anterior to the third ventricle and (iii) common carotid artery. 2. Free water clearance was continuously monitored and the ADH released was measured by bio-assay on the same animals after administering graded doses of standard arginine vasopressin in a comparable manner. 3. Intraventricular infusions of hypertonic solutions of NaCl or Na acetate released significant amounts of ADH while sucrose or mannitol of comparable osmolality were ineffective. Graded increases in the concentration of NaCl infused into the c.s.f. resulted in secretion of ADH proportional to log Na concentration. 4. Infusion of the same hypertonic solutions into the anterior hypothalamus released ADH, though Na salts were more effective than the sugars. 5. Hypertonic solutions of NaCl, Na acetate, sucrose or mannitol were effective in releasing ADH when injected via the carotid artery, but hypertonic solutions of NaCl were significantly more effective than the other solutions. 6. These findings may be explained by the hypothesis that the 'osmoreceptors' of Verney are Na sensitive receptors composed of dendrites innervating the specialized ependyma of the anterior part of the third ventricle. PMID- 7205681 TI - The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine and acetylcholine on the reactivity of the lung of the anaesthetized dog. AB - 1. Anaesthetized dogs were given aerosols of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), histamine and acetylcholine; the effects on the changes in total lung resistance (RL) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) produced by electrical stimulation of the peripheral cervical vagi, and I.V. histamine and acetylcholine were studied. 2. Pretreatment with 5-HT significantly potentiated the increases in RL caused by vagal stimulation, histamine or acetylcholine. Pretreatment with histamine significantly potentiated the increases in RL caused by vagal stimulation but the potentiation of the increases in RL produced by histamine and acetylcholine were not significant. Pretreatment with acetylcholine did not potentiate the increases in RL due to vagal stimulation, histamine or acetylcholine. The falls in Cdyn produced by vagal stimulation, histamine or acetylcholine were not potentiated by pretreatment with aerosols of 5-HT, histamine or acetylcholine. 3. The effects of I.V. histamine, 5-HT and acetylcholine on RL and Cdyn were studied when given alone and when combined with vagal stimulation. 4. Vagal stimulation significantly potentiated the increases in RL due to 5-HT and histamine, but did not affect the increases in RL caused by acetylcholine or the falls in Cdyn produced by any of the three agonists. 5. By comparing these results with those from a previous study, it is concluded that, for the three agents studied, in order for increased irritant receptor discharge to reflexly increase RL, the agent has to increase the reactivity of the airway to vagal stimulation. It is also concluded that the degree of vagally mediated broncho-constriction can be varied by changing either the afferent limb through a change in irritant receptor discharge, or the efferent limb, by a change in airway reactivity. PMID- 7205683 TI - Seronegative spondarthritis. PMID- 7205682 TI - Calcium-dependent electrical activity and contraction of voltage-clamped frog single muscle fibres. AB - 1. The electrical and mechanical activities of isolated frog muscle fibres have been simultaneously recorded under conditions which allow the development of a calcium permeability (chloride-free solution containing 72 mM-calcium levulinate instead of 115 mM-NaCl). 2. Long-lasting calcium action potentials and large and sustained contraction occur without inhibition of the potassium permeability. 3. The relationship observed between the slow inward calcium current and the amplitude of the contraction, under voltage-clamp conditions, resembles that found between IBa and tension in frog skeletal muscle and between ICa and the contraction in frog heart. A part of the mechanical response which is not abolished by manganese seems to be potential-dependent. 4. Integration of the current traces shows that the threshold of the contraction occurs at [Ca]1 near to 2.10(-6) M and that the contractile proteins are fully activated at [Ca]1 near to 10(-4) M, values which are in good agreement with those proposed by other authors. 5. The minimum calcium influx necessary to induce a detectable contraction is close to 4.8 p-moles/cm2. This value is 10-20 times larger than the calcium influx measured during a normal action potential. 6. On detubulated fibres the calcium permeability fails to develop: this indicates that this current originates from the T-system. The close correspondence between ICa and the contraction, and between the time course of the contraction at the end of the depolarizing steps suggests that the potential of the tubular membrane is better clamped than in normal physiological conditions. PMID- 7205685 TI - Male antifertility activity of Azadirachta Indica in mice. PMID- 7205686 TI - Comparative evaluation of propanidid with thiopentone as an anaesthetic agent for electro-convulsive therapy. PMID- 7205687 TI - Use of indigenous pig pericardial valves for mitral valve replacement. PMID- 7205684 TI - Impedance cardiography in mitral valve disease. PMID- 7205688 TI - Surgical correction of absent sternum with homologous rib graft. PMID- 7205689 TI - Infective endocarditis due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. PMID- 7205690 TI - Mesenteric fibromatosis. PMID- 7205691 TI - Carcinoma colon with tuberculosis. PMID- 7205692 TI - Behcet's syndrome (a case report). PMID- 7205693 TI - CNS involvement in mycosis fungoides. PMID- 7205694 TI - Carotid body tumours. PMID- 7205695 TI - Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. PMID- 7205696 TI - Smooth pursuit eye movements: effects of alcohol and chloral hydrate. PMID- 7205698 TI - Assessment of agreement among several raters formulating multiple diagnoses. PMID- 7205697 TI - A research paradigm to investigate the effect of manipulation on social behavior in groups. PMID- 7205699 TI - Effect of the research process on human sexual behavior. PMID- 7205700 TI - The transmission of manic depressive illness--I. Theory, description of the model and summary of results. PMID- 7205701 TI - The transmission of manic depressive illness--II. Segregation analysis of three sets of family data. PMID- 7205702 TI - Stress effects on the nonverbal behavior of repressors and sensitizers. AB - Differences between repressors and sensitizers in nonverbal behavior were found in two studies of male and female undergraduates which manipulated the amount of stress present during an interaction between an S and a confederate (C). In Study I (N = 72), sensitizers used less eye contact and more personal space than measures of personal space and eye contact, intensified the stress manipulation, and added two distinct types of stressors (interpersonal and situational). Significant differences in the same direction as in Study I were again observed between repressors and sensitizers in the use of personal space. Level of eye contact for repression-sensitization was significantly different in the second half of the interaction, though opposite in direction to found in Study I. The reversal was explained by focusing on the information-gathering versus the emotional-communication functions of eye contact. Only interpersonal stress produced significant differences in the amount of eye contact used as well as interacting significantly with stress and repression-sensitization. PMID- 7205703 TI - Preschool children's conceptual tempo and performance on visual discrimination tasks. AB - The present study explored the relationship among conceptual tempo, age, sex, and performance on the Visual Association subtest of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (VA-ITPA). Preschool boys (n = 17) and girls (n = 34) were Ss. Time to the first response to the VA-ITPA rather than the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT) was the measure of response latency. Results indicated that: (a) response error was a function of response latency, (b) response error was a function of age, (c) there was a multiple linear relationship among response latency, age, and response error. It was concluded that response latency not only related to errors on the MFFT but to other visual discrimination tasks. PMID- 7205704 TI - Effects of polyethylene glycol on water and saline intake in the Mongolian gerbil. AB - To establish the water balance regulatory ability of gerbils in response to a hypovolemic dipsogen, adult female gerbils (50-70 g) were injected subcutaneously with either a .9% NaCl vehicle or 10% or 30% (wt/vol) polyethylene glycol (mol wt 20,000). At each injection level one-half of the Ss had access to water, the other to .9% NaCl after injection. There was a significant increase in fluid intake associated with injection doses and Ss drank significantly more when allowed saline to drink rather than water. In Experiment II under a similar set of manipulations, hematocrit values were obtained at 12 and 24 hours after injection and showed decreasing blood volume levels which apparently served as the thirst stimulus. The results were discussed in terms of the voluntary dehydration findings of Stricker on rats and thus demonstrated the similarity of gerbils and rats in response to extracellular insult. PMID- 7205705 TI - The effects of prenatal stress on rat offsprings' learning ability. AB - The present study (N = 30 female rats, 11 male rats) was conducted to determine the effects of prenatal stress on rat offsprings' learning ability. Pregnant mothers were stressed by exposure to an SD (light) which had been paired with shock. A second group of pregnant rats was handled an equivalent amount of time, and a third group received no treatment. The offspring of the three groups were tested on several learning tasks and the handled and stressed groups were found to be inferior to the control group on four of six learning measures. PMID- 7205706 TI - Attitudes of medical students and residents toward cancer. AB - Attitudes toward cancer and heart disease were evaluated in 99 freshmen medical students, 76 seniors, and 66 residents using the Cancer Attitude Survey and a Semantic Differential test. The Survey revealed a rise in positive attitudes towards patients' inner resources to cope with serious illness and toward personal immortality and a rise in negative attitudes toward early diagnosis of cancer as students progressed in their training. The Semantic Differential test demonstrated more negative attitudes toward cancer than heart disease in all groups (freshman, seniors, and residents in medicine, psychiatry, or surgery). The seniors had the most positive attitudes toward cancer and freshman the least positive attitudes. The residents had more positive attitudes than the freshmen but less positive attitudes than the seniors. The residents in psychiatry had more positive attitudes than the residents in medicine, who had more positive attitudes than the residents in surgery. PMID- 7205707 TI - Logical relations and comprehension in conversation. AB - This study examines how logical relations (e.g., causality and identity) in spoken discourse affect comprehension. Research on cohesion, which shows that specific unit template structures link discourse and text together, is used to build a model of language comprehension that places template structures at the base of a context comparison operation. Subjects were engaged in ordinary conversation with a confederate trained to produce specific types of logical utterances unobtrusively. The comprehension model predicted that systematically different latencies, topical response, and remedial response of subjects would follow the test items produced by the confederate. The data support the predictions. It is shown that comprehension occurs via one processing path if there is a direct tie between the target item and the immediately prior item in discourse, and a separate processing path if the tie is between the target item and the earlier context. Subject response in conversation is shown to display useful evidence on the nature of comprehension achieved. The findings specify and extend the recent research on the integration of new information into a textual structure. PMID- 7205708 TI - Mimicry versus imitative modeling: facilitating sentence production in the speech of the retarded. AB - Two methods of language instruction administered to mentally retarded subjects at the two-word stage of language development were investigated. Subjects of the mimicry training group imitated Agent-Action-Object (AAO) constructions immediately after presentation, while subjects of the imitative modeling group first heard the AAO presentation and later produced the AAO construction in response to a verb question. Imitative modeling subjects achieved as many correct AAO responses during training and more correct responses on a generalization task and in a free play setting. They also displayed more novel response behavior (selective imitations) and spontaneously corrected productions. The results support the use of modeling procedures for inducing language production in the retarded. PMID- 7205709 TI - Comparison of adult schizophrenics with matched normal native speakers of English as to "acceptability" of English sentences. AB - This study tried to make some determinations as to whether the distortions observed occasionally in a speech in chronic schizophrenics was, at root, a thought disturbance or a problem of comprehension and use of standard English speech. We compared 25 normal college students with 25 educationally matched inpatients at Camarillo State Hospital, Camarillo, California, who had been diagnosed as chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics in the judgment of sentences as being either relatively "acceptable" or "unacceptable." The sentences (from Maher's 1972 study) varied in the degree to which they violated Chomsky's selection restriction rules: animate versus inanimate, human versus animal, and concrete verus abstract. Using Tuley's comparison test, we found no significant difference between normal and schizophrenic subjects in determining sentence acceptability or in the detection of sentence rule violations. The performance of chronic schizophrenics in rating sentences as relatively ungrammatical was not significantly different from that of normals. In addition, schizophrenics did not turn out to be significantly less sensitive to the number and types of selection rule violations in sentences. It seems probable that distortion in thought processes, rather than inability to use the semantic and syntactic rules of English speech, might be the underlying cause of the bizarre speech patterns which occur at times in the language of schizophrenics. PMID- 7205710 TI - Psychosomatics and pleasure. Proceedings of the twenty-third annual conference of the Society for Psychosomatic Research, London, 19th and 20th November 1979. PMID- 7205711 TI - The starving hoarder and voracious spender: stealing in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7205712 TI - 'Jolly fat' revisited. PMID- 7205713 TI - Adolescents' views on smoking. PMID- 7205714 TI - Nicotine intake and its regulation. PMID- 7205715 TI - A clinical and endocrine study of mesterolone in secondary impotence. PMID- 7205716 TI - Personality factors and some physiological correlates in athletes. PMID- 7205717 TI - Personality and stress in the shooting sports. PMID- 7205718 TI - Differences in pain perception between myofascial pain dysfunction patients and normal subjects: a signal detection analysis. PMID- 7205719 TI - Attitudinal and behavioral correlates of coronary heart disease. PMID- 7205720 TI - Self-handicapping following learned helplessness treatment and the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. PMID- 7205722 TI - Sexuality in a 70-year-old urban population. PMID- 7205721 TI - Sex differences in the psychological correlates of cardiovascular diagnosis and coronary angiographic findings. PMID- 7205723 TI - The prediction of pregnancy outcome: maternal preparation, anxiety and attitudinal sets. PMID- 7205724 TI - Personality and symptomatological features in young, nonchronic anorexia nervosa patients. PMID- 7205725 TI - Perception of illness severity and psychiatric symptoms in parents of chronically ill children. PMID- 7205726 TI - Management of respiratory failure: oxygen therapy. PMID- 7205727 TI - Avoidance of difficulties with peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7205728 TI - Problems in the medical treatment of peptic ulcers. PMID- 7205729 TI - Adverse effects of gastric surgery for peptic ulceration. PMID- 7205731 TI - Drug interactions. PMID- 7205730 TI - Problems in the use of vaccines. PMID- 7205732 TI - Medical audits. PMID- 7205733 TI - [Contraindications of double-contrast barium enema]. PMID- 7205734 TI - [An improved technique for radiological examination of the small intestine (author's transl)]. AB - An improved technique for radiological examination of the small intestine by barium meal follow through is described, the method being based on an increase in amount of the volume of the meal: three glasses of 300 ml of a diluted 2/3 solution of micropaque. Opacification of the ileocecal region was obtained in 85 p. cent of 500 cases examined, in less than one hour. Intravenous injections of metoclopramide or neostigmine were given in 25 p. cent of cases. PMID- 7205735 TI - [Air in the small intestine in adults: results of a study in a control group of 827 subjects (author's transl)]. AB - Fairly small amounts of air (usually one loop visible) were found in the small intestine of 41,2 plus or minus 3,4 p. cent (at the 95 p. cent confidence level) of a series of 827 adults (553 inpatients and 274 outpatients). Air in the small intestine was noted more frequently in the hospitalized patients (45,2 plus or minus 4,1 p. cent) than in the outpatients (33,2 plus or minus 5,6 p. cent) (p. less than 0,001). This study confirms the hypothesis, contrary to conventional data, that the presence of air in the small intestine occurs sufficiently frequently for it not to be considered pathological. Air is more frequently visible in the proximal jejunum (48,4 p. cent) than in the ileum (27,3 p. cent), and is noted in the umbilical region, the transition zone, in 24,3 p. cent of cases. The mean diameter of th proximal jejunal loops is 25,6 mm (standard deviation 3,7 mm). The thickness of the proximal jejunal folds varies between 1 and 2 mm, the interfold thickness being 3 to 6 mm. The thickness of the small intestine wall (measured in the interfold space) is less than 1,5 mm. These figures relate to direct measurement of radiographic images, without correction due to enlargement. PMID- 7205736 TI - [Radiation lesions of the digestive tube after irradiation of the abdomen in children: radiological appearances (author's transl)]. AB - The contribution of radiological examinations to the evaluation of radiation lesions of the digestive tube in 17 children is discussed. The lesions observed were stenosis, submucous infiltration, and mesenteritis from vasculitis. Ali the patients had been treated with high irradiation doses varying from 3,000 to 5,500 rads. Clinical manifestations appeared after intervals of from 2 months to 13 years, but the anatomical lesions seemed to occur early and to show little change once they were established. Except when an acute occlusion was present, radiological examination consisted of a barium meal and follow through, able to demonstrate anomalies in the folds, stenosis, dilatation, or thickening and matting of the intestinal loops. PMID- 7205737 TI - [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of adrenal tumors (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective study was conducted to assess the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of adrenal tumors. A limited number of cases (29 patients) was studied, to reduce the possible effects of human and technological progress. Ultrasonography can detect most adrenal tumors larger than 25 mm in diameter, more easily on the right than on the left. The solid or fluid nature of the tumor can be distinguished, but the benign or malignant etiology of the mass can only be determined when there is local and regional spread. Ultrasonography is particularly useful when a suspicious adrenal mass is seen on nephro urotomography. The indications for ultrasonography have to be reconsidered, however, as a function of the results obtained with computed tomography. PMID- 7205738 TI - [Exploration and surveillance of the retroperitoneal space by lymphography and ultrasonography in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (author's transl)]. AB - The authors propose to conduct, in a systematic manner, lymphography and ultrasonography examinations before treatment of 75 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The latter investigation enables examination of the upper part of the retroperitoneal space, and the detection of coeliomesenteric adenopathies, or possible lesions in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. The surveillance of most patients during treatment is possible with ultrasonography, if marked lipiodol resorption has occurred. Though this procedure is easy to conduct in all radiological departments, it does not have the same sensitivity as lymphography associated with computed tomography. PMID- 7205739 TI - [Treatment of renal artery stenosis by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) (author's transl)]. AB - The preliminary results of treatment of the stenosis of renal artery by the transluminal percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) were presented. 6 patients were treated by the Gruntzig technique, 4 of the 5 patients probably having renovascular hypertension were returned to normal tension 2 to 5 months after treatment. The 6th patient had hypertension with severe renal insufficiency. The PTA was performed for the purpose of the inhibition of progressing renal insufficiency. This patient was stabilized. This preliminary experience show great interest of this technique. PMID- 7205740 TI - [Variations in bone calcium content according to age and sex in a group of control subjects aged 3 to 18 years (author's transl)]. AB - More than a thousand bone calcium content measurements were made in a group of children by means of densitometry, using the Norland-Cameron apparatus. The region chosen was that dividing the middle from the lower third of the radius, and the method used ensures that only a very weak dose is delivered to a limited field of the forearm. Errors occur more frequently in children than in adults because of lack of immobility and the large amounts of fatty tissue present. Normal curves were established as a function of age and sex in 405 control children of French nationality. These were similar to those obtained in a group of children from the Cameron but French children appear to have lower mineral levels than American children. This method is reproducible and suitable for surveillance of changes in mineral levels in the same subject. PMID- 7205742 TI - [Radiological study of painless knees in 50 men over 65 years of age. II. Axial projection and profile radiography (author's transl)]. AB - Radiographs were taken in profile, and femoropatellar axial projection with 60 degrees flexion, in 50 men over 65 years of age who had never complained of symptoms related to their knees. Visible osteophytes of the patella are very frequently noted in profile radiography and were present in 35 subjects. Painless femoropatellar arthrosis is also frequent and this was noted on 60 degrees axial radiography in 7 subjects; unilaterally in 3 cases and bilaterally in 4 subjects. In 9 cases the femoropatellar arthrosis was external, while in 2 cases it was present both externally and internally. Detection of a patellar osteophyte on profile radiography does not necessarily imply the existence of femoropatellar arthrosis detectable radiologically on axial projection. This study was also able to define values for a certain number of the parameters of radiological morphology of the knee. PMID- 7205741 TI - [Variations in bone calcium content as a function of various pathological or iatrogenic disorders (author's transl)]. AB - Bone calcium content was studied in 200 children who had received long-term therapy with anticonvulsants or corticoids, or who presented retarded growth (more particularly, pituitary deficiency treated with somatotropin, thyroid deficiency treated with thyroid extracts, or Turner's syndrome). It was demonstrated that 25 p. cent of children on anticonvulsant therapy, 30 p. cent of those on corticoid treatment, and nearly all those with retarded growth had a mineral content much below normal levels. Bone densitometry by absorption of a monochromatic iodine-125 beam is a rapid, precise method, which is not dangerous at the dose delivered, and appears to be well adapted for surveillance of children with anomalies in calcium content. PMID- 7205743 TI - [Sterno-costo-clavicular hyperostosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report two cases of sterno costo clavicular hyperostosis. Six cases have been described in previous reports by Kohler (five cases) and CAMUS (one case). This disease begins with sterno costo clavicular pain that develops with exacerbations over several years. Biologically, there is a no specific inflammatory syndrome. Radiologically, clavicles sternum and first ribs are enlarged and increased in density. There is also an ossification of the sterno clavicular and sterno costal junctions. Phlebography sometimes show subclavian veins occlusion. Histological finding is hyperostosis without osteoclast inclusions. The main differential diagnosis is the Paget's disease. PMID- 7205744 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the renal capsule: ultrasonographic and angiographic appearances: a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A 70-year-old patient presented with general ill-health, and a mass in the right hypochondrium which was found to be a leiomyosarcoma of the renal capsule. Ultrasonography demonstrated the retroperitoneal origin of the tumor and its lack of relation with the right kidney. Arteriography showed the right renal capsule origin of the mass, with partial invasion of the inferior vena cava. Operation confirmed the angiographic findings, particularly the independent nature of the mass i relation to the kidney and the excretory pathways. PMID- 7205745 TI - [Left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery : a report on two cases of this anomaly in adults (author's transl)]. AB - The presence of an abnormal origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery was observed in two adults. The clinical, radiological, and hemodynamic characteristics of this disorder are described. The author emphasizes the value of exploring these malformations by means of a strict technique, including the injection of a large quantity of contrast medium. PMID- 7205746 TI - [Digestive manifestations of dermatomyositis (author's transl)]. AB - The principal digestive anomalies detected by radiological examination in dermatomyositis are the motor and functional consequences of the smooth and striated muscle lesions in these tissues. Vascular changes cause ulcerations, located in any part of the digestive tract, but more frequently in the esophagus, duodenum, and small intestine. These ulcerations sometimes develop into pseudodiverticulae. PMID- 7205747 TI - [Tuberculous trochanteritis : radiological diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Based on four typical cases of tuberculous trochanteritis, the authors describe the clinical symptoms and signs, and radiological findings in this osteitis. An unusual feature of this affection is the usually slow progression of the anatomical changes, especially in vaccinated adults. Another peculiarity arises from the fact that this para-articular osteitis (which menaces the hip) is probably secondary to a bursitis of the gluteus medius. A history of tuberculosis infection facilitates the diagnosis, which must be confirmed by bacteriological or histological examinations before instituting medical treatment. PMID- 7205748 TI - [Cartilaginous tumors of the spine : a report on three cases with neurological symptoms (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of cartilaginous tumors of the spine are reported. The first patient had a benign lumbar vertebral enchondroma which had recurred locally on several occasions, causing severe functional sequelae. The second case concerned a patient with a chondrosarcoma of the base of the skull, in whom radiological signs were observed only secondarily on a standard film. The third patient had exostosing disease with an intra-canal osteochondroma provoking neurological disorders. The relative value of computed tomography and opaque myelography is discussed in relation to the last case. PMID- 7205749 TI - [Axial osteomalacia. Comparative analysis with fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium (author's transl)]. AB - Axial osteomalacia is an infrequent osseous disease, etiopathogeny of which is yet unknown. The authors report three cases of such affection and two cases of fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium. They stress the clinical, biological and radiological specific signs of these diseases. Biopsy is necessary for diagnose some doubtful cases, especially in order to exclude other causes of osteomalacia as fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium. The latter osteopathy which frequency may be underestimated has often similar radiological data. PMID- 7205750 TI - [Diffuse cystic angiomatosis of bone. A report on one case followed-up over five years (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of diffuse cystic angiomatosis of bone. The follow-up over five years showed a dramatic worsening which has seldom been observed. The roentgenographic aspect of this rare disease seems always similar, but non specific. The pathologic diagnosis is difficult. The bony involvement is due to a widespread vascular dysplasia, and the final diagnosis relies upon the association with other arteriovenous or lymphatic disorders, or with an abnormal lymphogram. PMID- 7205751 TI - [True traumatic aneurysm of the proximal part of the brachial artery without osteo-articular lesions : a rare condition. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - True isolated traumatic aneurysms are very rarely observed, and have to be differentiated from false aneurysms. They correspond to unrecognized arterial contusions following closed shoulder injuries. The presence of a large hematoma in the axillohumeral region, associated with an early ecchymosis, should suggest the possibility of an arterial lesion, and arteriography should be conducted. Difficulty in diagnosing the lesion clinically arises from the particular location of such lesions and the richness of the brachial and axillary artery collaterals. This latter fact explains why an ischemic syndrome is rarely observed. Treatment of true traumatic aneurysms is always surgical. PMID- 7205752 TI - [Ultrasonographic diagnosis of a left inferior vena cava with hemiazygos prolongation (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a left inferior vena cava with prolongation into a hemiazygos vein is reported, in which the diagnosis was suspected after ultrasonography and confirmed by inferior cavography. Ultrasonographic signs were absence of a retrohepatic inferior vena cava, direct opening of the inferior hepatic veins into the right atrium, and the presence of a longitudinal vascular structure behind and on the left of the aorta, corresponding to the left inferior vena cava. PMID- 7205753 TI - [Epidermoid carcinoma of uterine cervix with bone metastases in lower limbs (author's transl)]. AB - Bone lesions are infrequent in the evolution of epidermoid carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Direct bone invasion from the primary tumor, extension from lymph node metastases and distant metastases can be seen. The frequency of these lesions is about 3 to 4%. Hematogen bone metastases are very uncommon. They are often located in the lower limb. We report a case of a patient with a cervical carcinoma who developed isolated bone metastases in all the bones of a lower limb. PMID- 7205754 TI - [Value of the so-called "bi-valve" true frontal section ultrasonography of the kidney (author's transl)]. AB - True frontal section of the kidney during ultrasonography provides an image which can be superimposed with that obtained by urography. Especially in cases where the pyelocaliceal cavities are dilated, true frontal section ultrasonography of the kidney demonstrates the continuity of the caliceal cavities and the pelvis, and in some cases even the initial lumbar part of the ureter. This supplies reference data for subsequent assessment of modifications in volume of the pyelocaliceal cavities. PMID- 7205755 TI - [Primary mammary cytosteatonecrosis : radiological, clinical, and pathological features in 29 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 29 cases of primary mammary cytosteatonecrosis. Diagnosis can be difficult when clinical and radiological signs suggest a cancer, and this was the case in about half of these cases. Radiological signs suggest the diagnosis in only 10 p. cent of cases, even though the evocative signs (clear images surrounded by a border of condensation) are usually associated with suspicious shin lesions, and require histological verification. Even though lesions that are limited in extent when examined clinically and radiologically may be a cancer, the inverse position, though very much less frequent, can also apply, and a very suggestive lesion with spicules and skin retraction may be benign. Histological examination before any minor surgery is always essential. PMID- 7205756 TI - Group approaches and army health. PMID- 7205758 TI - Idiopathic hydronephrosis in the young military population. PMID- 7205761 TI - Education for co-operation in health and social work. Introduction. PMID- 7205762 TI - Education for co-operation in health and social work. PMID- 7205760 TI - Military clinical practice. The intra-uterine device. Part II. Technical problems. PMID- 7205763 TI - Adult education and interprofessional teaching. PMID- 7205764 TI - An education for practice. PMID- 7205765 TI - Interdisciplinary learning at the qualifying and post-qualifying stages. PMID- 7205767 TI - An account of two experiments for students in training. PMID- 7205768 TI - An account of two in-service courses. PMID- 7205766 TI - A model for use in shared teaching. PMID- 7205769 TI - The administrator's role. PMID- 7205770 TI - A management approach. PMID- 7205772 TI - A Health Commissioner's view of consumer problems. PMID- 7205771 TI - Education for co-operation. PMID- 7205773 TI - Stresses in the primary health care team. PMID- 7205774 TI - Some principles for interprofessional teaching and learning. PMID- 7205776 TI - Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into mtDNA of ram spermatozoa. AB - Freshly ejaculated spermatozoa from 6 rams incorporated [3H]-thymidine only after a lag period of 4 h. The thymidine incorporation was dependent on the time after ejaculation regardless of the rate of fructolysis, which was controlled by cold shock. The DNA synthesis period lasted for 3 h followed by a degradation period of 2 h. This synchronized level of labelling of DNA with tritiated thymidine was not due to bacterial contamination, sperm cell mitosis, mitochondrial division, or DNA repair. The fact that the maximal level of the DNA synthesis was dependent upon the external pH of the seminal plasma, in a parabolic fashion with a minimum around pH 6.3, indicated that this activity was of a 'metabolic' type. The sensitivity of the sperm DNA synthesis to 10 micrograms ethidium bromide/ml indicated that it was of a mitochondrial origin. PMID- 7205775 TI - Reproduction in Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus. AB - The Brattleboro diabetes insipidus mutant is incapable of synthesizing vasopressin, but is activated in its production and release of oxytocin. In the homozygous female mutant, there were abnormally short and long oestrous cycles and reduced conception rates after mating with mutant males, a shortened gestation length, and a shorter time-course of labour. A better conception rate when mutant females were mated with normal Brattleboro males indicates the involvement of a male factor in the subfertility. The reduced litter size in diabetes insipidus rats appeared neither dependent of the male's genotype, nor due to a decreased viability of diabetes insipidus fetuses. PMID- 7205777 TI - Protein and free amino acid content in preimplantation mouse embryos and in blastocysts under various culture conditions. AB - By using a rapid and sensitive method for determination of total protein and free amino acid contents we have shown that mouse preimplantation embryos developing in vivo and in vitro contain decreasing amounts of protein until the late blastocyst stage. Free amino acid contents in embryos developing in vivo drop following fertilization and then rise gradually until the late blastocyst stage. Embryos developing in vitro from the 2-cell stage have much lower levels of free amino acids than those in vivo. Embryos placed in culture at the blastocyst stage show a decrease in protein content within 24 h, but protein levels rise rapidly thereafter in medium containing serum and amino acids. In the same medium, total amino acid pools increase from the time the blastocysts are placed in culture. Blastocysts cultured in the absence of amino acids show a very slight net increase in protein content and free amino acid pools are eventually depleted. In the presence of amino acids but the absence of serum, there is only a modest increase in the protein content of cultured blastocysts, suggesting that, in addition to an exogenous supply of amino acids, other factors are required for optimal growth. PMID- 7205778 TI - Venous-arterial counter-current transfer of [3H]testosterone in the vascular pedicle of the sow ovary. AB - [3H]Testosterone or 51Cr-labelled red blood cells were infused for 30 min through a cannula inserted into the ovarian vein below the hilus of the ovary of cyclic sows. The whole of the vascular pedicle was isolated by ligations from the systemic circulation except for the ovarian artery supplying the ovary. During and after the testosterone infusion, radioactivity was found in ovarian arterial blood and ovarian tissue, but not in peripheral blood. When 51Cr-labelled blood cells were infused in the same fashion there was no radioactivity in arterial blood or ovarian tissue. These results indicate the existence of a counter current transfer for testosterone in the sow ovarian vascular pedicle. PMID- 7205779 TI - Frequency and duration of the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium of the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus). AB - The majority of the cross-sections of seminiferous tubules of nine-banded armadillos show only one type of cellular association as in most eutherian and metatherian mammals with scrotal testes. The spermatogenic cycle was divided into 8 stages, in relation to the shedding of the spermatozoa. The relative frequencies (%) of stages 1-8 were, respectively: 16.6, 7.5, 12.9, 9.1, 9.7, 18., 11.7 and 13.6. The duration of the cycle was 8.15 days, as determined by intratesticular injection of [3H]thymidine and removing the tissue at different times after injection. PMID- 7205780 TI - Effects of castration on specific glycoprotein secretions of the epididymis in the rabbit and hamster. AB - Mature male rabbits and hamsters were bilaterally castrated and their epididymides were examined, at 2, 4, 7, 9 and 14 days after operation, for the presence of several glycoproteins by using monospecific antisera and indirect immunoperoxidase labelling. In the rabbit, there was a reduction in the glycoprotein reaction product in the epithelium of the proximal caput epididymidis by 2-4 days after castration, and the staining was weak or absent by 7-9 days. Compared with controls, there was also a marked decrease in the intensity of reaction product to glycoprotein in the lumen of the proximal and distal corpus epididymidis 2-4 days after castration although spermatozoa still filled the duct in this region. Glycoprotein was present in the distal cauda epididymidis at 14 days but staining diminished as spermatozoa were cleared from the tract. In the hamster, epididymal glycoproteins were apparently less critically dependent on androgens than those in the rabbit, reaching a weak but constant level in the proximal region by 7-9 days after castration and remaining at the same intensity in the distal cauda epididymidis throughout the study. These results suggest that the secretion of specific glycoproteins by the mammalian epididymis is related to androgen levels and to sperm maturation. PMID- 7205781 TI - Sperm output by rams and distribution amongst ewes under conditions of continual mating. AB - Variables associated with mating in rams were compared before and after continuous mating for 6 days. The effect of behaviour and sperm output of individual rams on the number of spermatozoa received by each ewe was measured. Spermatozoa were collected by an intravaginal device which is described and validated. Fourteen rams, isolated from ewes for at least 2 months previously, were each allowed to mate continually with 4 fresh oestrous ewes on each day for 6 days. The number of spermatozoa per ejaculate fell from 3900 +/- 908 x 10(6) to 77 +/- 39 x 10(6). In 8 rams the number of ejaculates per 24 h fell from 17.25 +/ 2.5 to 11.5 +/- 1.5. Five of these 8 rams were then mated with 1, 4 or 8 ewes during each of the next 3 days. At all times rams preferred certain ewes and no more than 5 ewes were mated per day by each ram regardless of the number available. The mean number of ejaculates per ewe varied from 0 to 12.1 for continuously worked rams and from 0.3 to 10.5 for fresh rams. There were 7.0 +/- 1.8, 11.5 +/- 1.5 and 12.1 +/- 1.1 ejaculates/day in the presence of 1, 4 and 8 oestrous ewes, respectively. PMID- 7205782 TI - Seasonal variations in rete testis fluid secretion and sperm production in different breeds of ram. AB - Production of spermatozoa and secretion of rete testis fluid (RTF) in rams was assessed by a rete testis cannulating technique. Four breeds (Ile-de-France, Romanov, Prealpes du Sud and cross-breed Romanov) were studied throughout the year. Inhibitory effects of the cannulation process on spermatogenesis were observed for some animals. Between-breed differences were found in sperm concentration and flow rate of the RTF. The seasonal variations in the daily sperm production of the testis were more pronounced for Ile-de-France rams than for the other breeds. There was a seasonal variation in the flow rate of RTF in Ile-de-France rams, the minimum flow being in February (winter) and the maximum in August-September (autumn). PMID- 7205783 TI - Effect of LH factors regulating ovarian cholesterol metabolism and progesterone synthesis in PMSG-primed immature rats. AB - Administration of an ovulatory dose of LH (10 micrograms, i.v.) to PMSG (4 i.u., s.c.)-primed immature rats increased ovarian pregnenolone levels 5-fold and ovarian progesterone levels 40-fold within 6 h and the levels, although fluctuating, remained elevated for 72 h. Serum progesterone levels mimicked those of the luteal phase in the normal cycle. The sustained increase in steroidogenesis was accompanied by a decrease in both basal and cAMP-stimulatable ovarian cholesterol ester hydrolase activity and a net increase in ovarian cholesterol ester content. Ovarian free cholesterol levels were essentially unchanged during the 72 h study. LH does not, therefore, chronically stimulate steroidogenesis by providing additional substrate for the steroidogenic enzymes through activating cholesterol ester hydrolase to bring about hydrolysis of cholesterol esters. Moreover, ovarian cholesterol esters are unlikely to be the primary source of cholesterol utilized to support luteal steroidogenesis. Studies with isolated mitochondria suggested that the mechanisms by which LH stimulated steroidogenesis were by (a) stimulating mitochondrial pregnenolone production probably by facilitating the intramitochondrial movement of cholesterol of the site of side-chain cleavage, and (b) promoting the metabolism of pregnenolone to progesterone. PMID- 7205785 TI - Sperm head morphology of the plains mouse Pseudomys australis. AB - Spermatozoa of plains mice were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The occurrence of a distinct dorsal hook and 2 ventral hooks joined at the base was confirmed. Acrosomal material covered the dorsal hook and appeared to constitute most of the 2 ventral hooks which contained nuclear material only at the base. Incubation in sodium dodecyl sulphate resulted in loss of all the material presumed to be acrosomal. PMID- 7205784 TI - Testicular hypoplasia in a boar with abnormal sex chromosome constitution (39 XXY). AB - A boar with testicular hypoplasia had 39 chromosomes. Giemsa banded preparations permitted unambiguous identification of an XXY sex chromosome constitution. Spermatogenic tissue was absent as in X chromatin-positive Klinefelter syndrome of man. PMID- 7205786 TI - Relaxin inhibits myometrial activity in the ovariectomized non-pregnant ewe. AB - Myometrial activity was abolished abruptly but reversibly in 4 out of 5 ewes by the intravenous injection of 1 mg (500 GPU) porcine relaxin. Recovery began only after about 90 min and was not complete until 3-4 h after the injection. During the relaxin-induced inhibition the myometrium responded to oxytocin administered intravenously in doses of 250 mU. One ewe received intrauterine infusions of 2.5 and 5.0 microgram PGF-2 alpha per min during the period of relaxin inhibition: the former dose evoked a slight, and the latter a marked, response from the myometrium. The rate of rise of intrauterine pressure and the mean amplitude of pressures cycles were significantly depressed at 1, 1.5 and 2 h after the relaxin injection. PMID- 7205787 TI - Ovarian blood flow and progesterone secretion in the anaesthetized rats at day 16 of gestation, and the effects of haemorrhage. AB - A venous outflow technique was used to estimate the rate of progesterone secretion from the ovary of rats on Day 16 of gestation. In 9 normal rats the rate of progesterone secretion was 13.7 microgram/h per ovary and ovarian blood flow was 0.48 ml/min. In 6 rats in which haemorrhage had occurred the respective values were 38.3 microgram/h per ovary and 0.53 ml/min. Comparison with earlier reports suggests that ovarian blood flow can be substantially reduced for short periods without affecting progesterone secretion. PMID- 7205788 TI - Differentiation of decidual cells in mouse endometrial cell cultures. AB - Mouse uterine cells were obtained by trypsinization of uteri at timed intervals after the induction of a decidual reaction by intraluminal instillation of arachis oil on Day 4 of normal pregnancy. Cells were also obtained from ovariectomized mouse uteri, some of which had received a progesterone-oestradiol sequence to sensitize the uterus to a decidual stimulus. The differentiation of decidual cells was followed in cultures of these cells. The morphology of the cells obtained after 6 days in culture was dependent upon the seeding density employed. At low seeding density (plating densities of 75-100 cells/mm2) no net increase in cell number was observed, but large mononucleated stellate cells were present, with cytoplasmic and nuclear areas increased by 4-fold. At higher seeding densities (plating densities of up to 709 cells/mm2), a prolongation of cell survival and the appearance of substantial numbers of binucleated cells were observed. However, both cell types were characterized by the accumulation of filamentous material in the cytoplasm. Even at optimal seeding density the life span of the decidualized cells could not be prolonged beyond 9 days. Uterine cells from hormone-treated ovariectomized animals underwent similar transformations but those from untreated ovariectomized mice gave only isolated islets of epithelial cells and scattered fibroblast-like cells in culture. These observations suggest that discrepancies in previous reports of in-vitro deciudualization of rat uterine cells result from differences in the seeding densities employed. PMID- 7205790 TI - Chorionic surface area in conceptuses from sows treated with progesterone and oestrogen during early pregnancy. AB - Treatment of sows with 25 mg progesterone and 12.5 microgram oestrone daily between 14 and 23 days of gestation resulted in an increase of 15% of chorionic surface area and an increase in volume of allantoic fluid when examined at 30-35 days of gestation. In contrast, there were no significant differences in chorionic surface area or allantoic fluid volume between treated and control sows examined at 46-50 days of gestation. This suggests that progesterone-oestrone treatment of the sows during early pregnancy has only a short-lived effect on development of the allantochorion. PMID- 7205789 TI - Glucose and fructose utilization by rat spermatozoa within the uterine lumen. AB - Concentrations of glucose, fructose and spermatozoa in the lumen of the rat uterus were measured at intervals after mating with fertile or vasectomized males. The results suggest that rat spermatozoa within the uterus utilize both glucose and fructose, and that the glucose is used preferentially. PMID- 7205791 TI - Follicular steroid content and oocyte meiotic status after PMSG stimulation of immature hamsters. PMID- 7205792 TI - The fate of germ cells in the testis of fetal Sex-reversed mice. AB - XX germ cells in the fetal testes of XX Sex-reverse male mice were observed mostly to develop in the same manner as do XY germ cells in a normal fetal testis; but some, in the vicinity of the mesonephric rete region, entered the prophase of meiosis at the same time as do XX germ cells in a normal fetal ovary. No germ cells in meiosis were found in the fetal testes of XY males, nor of XO Sex-reversed males. It is suggested that a second X chromosome renders a germ cell more susceptible to the meiosis-inducing influence of the mesonephric rete. PMID- 7205793 TI - Development of the intercaruncular areas during early gestation and establishment of the bovine placenta. AB - Specimens were obtained from the uteri of heifers on Days 17, 18, 20 to 30 and at 3-day intervals up to Day 45 of gestation and this material was examined by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A reduction in height of the uterine epithelium on Day 18 was the first detectable maternal response to the presence of the blastocyst within the lumen. The trophoblast could be preserved in contact with the uterine epithelium by Day 20 and the attachment became progressively more complex between Days 21 and 30. Attachment occurred simultaneously in the intercaruncular and caruncular regions near the embryo and subsequently spread towards each end of the blastocyst. Agranular leucocytes were present in the uterine epithelium until Day 22 but were almost totally absent in later specimens. PMID- 7205794 TI - Morphological observations on the diapausing blastocyst of some macropodid marsupials. AB - Diapausing blastocysts from the uteri of females of 11 macropodid species were fixed, torn, flattened and stained for examination of the protoderm. The protoderm remained undifferentiated and unilaminar throughout diapause. The number of cells in the protoderm did not vary with age in Macropus rufus or M. eugenii. Protoderm cell number decreased slightly with age in M. rufogriseus banksianus and appeared to decrease in Potorous tridactylus. The diameter of the shell did not change appreciably with age, and the sizes of the blastocysts of different species were similar. PMID- 7205795 TI - Continuing medical education: a survey of practitioners' needs and interests. AB - A number of factors, including legislated recertification or relicensure, have engendered a tremendous increase in the number and type of continuing medical education (CME) programs being offered. There is very sparse documentation of the involvement of the intended recipient or practitioner in the conceptualization, development and conduct of CME programs. In order to more accurately ascertain the factors or circumstances that influence attendance or nonattendance at a CME program, a five-page questionnaire was developed that asked a randomly sampled population of 313 practicing obstetricians ane gynecologists to indicate their preference for CME programs. PMID- 7205796 TI - Changing primary cesarean section patterns at a private hospital. AB - The primary cesarean section patterns for a two-year premonitoring period, 1967 and 1968, and a two-year postmonitoring period, 1977 and 1978, were determined and compared at a private hospital. The frequency of cesarean section deliveries increased from 5.0% to 14.6% during those times. Cephalopelvic disproportion as an indication for cesarean section was more common than the combined total of breech presentation and fetal distress. Cephalopelvic disproportion increased as a diagnosis from 0.8% to 4.1% (5 X ) of deliveries; breech presentation, from 0.4% to 2% (5 X ); and fetal distress from 0.1% to 0.8% (8 X ). A changing patient population was identified as one contributing factor to the rising cesarean section rate. Allowing patients an adequate trial of labor with or without oxytocin stimulation, applying strict criteria for attempting a vaginal breech delivery and utilizing fetal scalp blood sampling with abnormal fetal heart rate tracings are suggested ways to decrease the cesarean section rate without compromising perinatal morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7205797 TI - Gonadal dysgenesis (46,XY) and gonocytoma. AB - A case of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis with a type III Teter's gonocytoma occurred in the left ovary of a 22-year-old woman. Hormonal, genetic and laparoscopic studies were performed before the diagnosis of gonadal dysgenesis was made. Gonadal neoplasm was found after bilateral gonadectomy. PMID- 7205798 TI - Sudden fetal death in labor. The significance of antecedent monitoring characteristics and clinical circumstances. AB - Three patients experienced sudden fetal death in labor. The clinical presentations of the patients and their preceding monitoring patterns are discussed. A typical example of a benign, sustained deceleration in a healthy fetus is given for comparison. The characteristics of the clinical and monitoring behavior of the premorbid patient are discussed, and suggestions for appropriate responses to avoid fetal death are offered. PMID- 7205799 TI - Early reproductive loss and the factors that may influence its occurrence. PMID- 7205800 TI - Resident recruitment in obstetrics and gynecology: a survey of present methods and suggestions for change. PMID- 7205801 TI - The effects of scopolamine and ancillary analgesics upon the fetal heart rate recording. AB - Sixty-two fetal heart rate/uterine contraction recordings were examined prior to and following the administration of analgesia. Two groups, identified according to the receipt or absence of scopolamine, were evaluated concerning modification of baseline variability, beat-to-beat variability and fetal heart rate deceleration patterns. Scopolamine was found to be capable of eliciting fetal tachycardia, decreased beat-to-beat and baseline variability and decreased fetal heart rate decelerations. The mean one-minute Apgar scores for the two groups did not differ from each other nor from that of a control group that had not received any analgesia during labor. PMID- 7205802 TI - Conduction anesthesia in obstetrics. PMID- 7205803 TI - Maternal-fetal pneumomediastinum complicating labor: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Maternal pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema is a rare, alarming but relatively benign complication of labor. It usually manifests itself during the second stage. Once it is diagnosed, further bearing down should be avoided and labor shortened. Due to its rarity, a case is reported with a review of literature. In this case pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax occurred in the newborn, also. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of simultaneous pneumomediastinum in mother and neonate. PMID- 7205804 TI - The Walnut Creek Contraceptive Drug Study. A prospective study of the side effects of oral contraceptives. Volume III, an interim report: A comparison of disease occurrence leading to hospitalization or death in users and nonusers of oral contraceptives. PMID- 7205805 TI - Trends in colposcopy. AB - Concurrent with the decreasing incidence of invasive squamous cell cancer of the cervix, there has been an increase in the incidence of cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS). The incidence of CIS has reached a plateau, and the author feels that CIS will now decline as earlier stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are being detected and eradicated. Much of the treatment of this earlier CIN can be confined to an office setting with the aid of a colposcope. PMID- 7205806 TI - Midtrimester amniocentesis. Subjective maternal responses. AB - Studies, through questionnaire and interview, of couples who elect or decline midtrimester amniocentesis demonstrate that both groups cope well with new decisions surrounding this procedure. The pregnancy monitored by genetic amniocentesis does not appear to receive special status as viewed by the parents, nor is the developing fetus placed in a special category during the pregnancy. PMID- 7205807 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in pregnancy. The role of heparin therapy. AB - Treatment of the underlying cause and supportive care constitute the basic principles of management of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The role of anticoagulation with heparin is controversial in the absence of any controlled studies. This case report describes two patients with acute obstetric disseminated intravascular coagulation in whom the use of heparin resulted in marked clinical improvement. Treatment with heparin may be of help in situations where there is a delay in elimination of the underlying cause. PMID- 7205808 TI - Oral contraceptives and hepatic vein thrombosis. AB - The purpose of this paper is to report on three cases of the Budd-Chiari syndrome in young women who were taking oral contraceptives. Two patients survived, with gradual resolution of hepatomegaly and ascites following discontinuance of the birth control pills. One death occurred soon after the patient's admission to the hospital. The pathophysiology of this phenomenon involves two major aspects. Oral contraceptives are known to cause a hypercoagulation state as well as a direct effect on the blood vessels. In this series the combination of hypercoagulation and progressive occlusion of the vessels in patients on oral contraceptives appeared to lead to the development of thrombosis of the liver vessels. PMID- 7205809 TI - Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium. AB - Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium is extremely rare. The 21st case of this lesion that meets Fluhmann's criteria is presented. The histogenesis of this lesion remains unclear. The etiology of squamous cell changes in the endometrium is presented, and the prognostic implication of malignant squamous cells in endometrial carcinoma is discussed. PMID- 7205810 TI - Invasive carcinoma of the cervix after cryosurgery. Report of three cases. PMID- 7205811 TI - Spontaneous uterine rupture. PMID- 7205813 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of a cystic lymphangioma in utero. Effect on obstetric management. PMID- 7205812 TI - Steroid synthesis in the fetal sheep adrenal cortex. Effects of nicotine. PMID- 7205814 TI - Autosomal translocation in an apparently normospermic male as a cause of habitual abortion. AB - A 22;22 Robertsonian translocation was diagnosed in a husband whose wife had had six consecutive early spontaneous abortions and no normal progeny. With the new multiple-exposure photography (MEP) technique, an accurate, objective and documentary sperm analysis was performed. No abnormality of the essentially defective, genetically unbalanced sperms could be detected in regard to sperm count, motility, velocity and morphology. The only similar translocation previously reported in a male was associated with azoospermia. Recent literature correlating chromosomal aberrations and reproductive failure in the male is discussed in relation to the reported case. The importance of including the male partner in the cytogenetic investigation of couples with habitual abortion is stressed. PMID- 7205815 TI - Systemic and in situ natural killer activity in transplanted and spontaneous mammary tumors in C3H/HeN mice. PMID- 7205816 TI - Systemic candidosis in germfree, flora-defined and conventional nude and thymus bearing mice. PMID- 7205817 TI - Effect of cell concentration on lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin. PMID- 7205819 TI - The need to train family practitioners in rheumatology. PMID- 7205820 TI - Comparative study of reticuloendothelial system pools of the normal and immunologically activated rabbit synovium with radiocolloids. AB - A quantitative study of the uptake of radiocolloids by the joint synovium relative to other reticuloendothelial system organs was performed in the rabbit model. The radiocolloids of 198Au and 99mTc-sulfide colloid were administered intravenously and distribution in synovial pad, liver, spleen, bone marrow, blood, lung, and other tissues was determined in a gamma counter. The uptake of radiocolloids by both normal and immunologically activated synovial pad was very small in comparison with the reticuloendothelial cells in liver, spleen, and bone marrow. PMID- 7205818 TI - On the critical assessment and clinical applicability of the rheumatology literature. PMID- 7205822 TI - Immunologic mechanisms of the tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay in adjuvant-induced disease in rats. AB - In the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay (LAI), splenic leukocytes from normal and adjuvant-induced disease (AID) rats were incubated with synovial extracts obtained from AID and normal joints. The proportion of leukocytes nonadherent to the surface of a glass tube in the presence of either AID or normal synovial extract was compared and this difference was expressed as a nonadherent index (NAI). The AID rats have significantly higher NAI scores (29 +r4) than normal rats (0 +r5). Preincubation of splenic leukocytes from normal rats with sera from AID animals caused these normal cells to respond with positive NAI scores (25 +r6). The IgG fraction from AID sera was shown to be an important component in arming these normal splenic leukocytes and a dose response curve was noted. Preincubation of AID splenic leukocytes with antiserum to rat IgG abrogated the positive NAI scores, whereas antiserum to rat IgM had no effect on the NAI values. The reactive cell in the LAI assay was a mononuclear cell whose activity was removed by adherence to plastic petri dishes. We suggest that IgG plays an important role in the LAI assay and might bind to plastic adherent mononuclear cells (monocytes?), through their Fc receptor to allow these cells to react with AID synovial extracts. PMID- 7205823 TI - Connective tissue activation XIX. Plasma levels of the CTAP-III platelet antigen in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Plasma levels of platelet granule proteins CTAP-III and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) were measured by radioimmunoassay of their common antigen (CTAP-Ag). Healthy adults had 29.4 +r5.8 ng CTAP-Ag/ml plasma while patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had higher levels of the CTAP-Ag (range 23-260 ng/ml, median 43 ng/ml, p less than .006). RA patients with CTAP-Ag levels greater than 50 ng/ml (mean 104.8 ng/ml) were compared to patients having lower CTAP-Ag levels. Patients in the group with elevated plasma CTAP-Ag levels had higher sedimentation rates (p less than .005), and higher platelet counts (p less than .05). Anemia was more common in patients with abnormal CTAP-Ag levels. PMID- 7205824 TI - Comparative clinical features in patients with myasthenia gravis with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The occurrence of myasthenia gravis (MG) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) seems to be more common than random association alone would predict. Moreover, both share immunologic aspects, tissue-directed antibodies and T and B cell abnormalities. To our knowledge, 7 cases of MG in association with SLE have been reported in the English literature in the last 15 yr; in 6 of the 7 cases, MG preceded the SLE; in only 1 reported case and in our case, SLE preceded the MG. The disease that develops later predominates in the prognosis for each patient. PMID- 7205825 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis in association with thyroid disease: a report of three cases. AB - We describe 3 patients whose findings fulfilled all the criteria for eosinophilic fasciitis. Unexpectedly, all 3 were found to have thyroid disease: 2 Hashimoto's disease and 1 Grave's disease. One patient also developed multiple subcutaneous nodules of a rheumatoid type. All have been followed for at least 3 yr and shown marked clinical improvement. Corticosteroids were employed in only 1 case. PMID- 7205821 TI - Metabolic response during early stages of surgically-induced osteoarthritis in mature beagles. AB - Severance of the anterior cruciate ligament in the knees of mature beagles caused instability and resulted in the slow onset of changes comparable to those present in human osteoarthritis (OA). Heightened cellular activities were reflected in increased levels of arylsulfatase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase in the articular cartilage. Similar increases in these lysosomal enzyme activities were found in the synovial fluid of the operated joints. Dietary supplementation with vitamin C resulted in increased serum protein content and increased cartilage formation, although ascorbate had no effect on enzyme activities. The early stages of OA in mature beagles, therefore, were characterized by interference with normal chondrocyte metabolism which resulted in staggered elevation of different lysosomal enzymes. PMID- 7205826 TI - Circulating immune complexes in recurrent polyserositis. (Familial mediterranean fever, periodic disease). AB - Increased levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) were demonstrated by the Clq binding assay in 22 (27%) out of 81 patients with recurrent polyserositis. The prevalence of increased CIC was significantly higher in Jewish patients of North African origin (42%) than in subjects of other ethnic groups (6%). North African patients also manifested an increased familial incidence, earlier onset of symptoms and a higher frequency of arthritis. There was no correlation between increased CIC levels and disease activity. These findings suggest that the immune response of North African patients differs from that of subjects of other ethnic groups and that this difference is possibly genetically determined. PMID- 7205827 TI - Lack of consistent peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation responses in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. AB - The in vitro transformation response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to human arterial and muscle homogenates has been studied in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), giant cell arteritis (GCA) and in unrelated controls. Homogenates that stimulated PMR/GCA cells also stimulated controls. There was no greater stimulation to human or bovine elastin than to artery and muscle homogenates. Our results do not confirm a lymphocyte abnormality in these diseases. PMID- 7205828 TI - Hairy cell leukemia and vasculitis. AB - A patient with hairy cell leukemia, systemic vasculitis, and HB8 antigenemia is reported. The patient presented with polyarthralgia before the diagnosis of the leukemia and had documented polyarthritis before the subsequent recognition of the vasculitis. The association of systemic vasculitis and hairy cell leukemia in the setting of HB8 antigenemia is discussed. The therapeutic challenge of treating coincident hairy cell leukemia and vasculitis is presented. PMID- 7205829 TI - High frequency of HLA-B27 and Reiter's syndrome in Navajo Indians. AB - Eighteen cases of Reiter's syndrome were found in a population of approximately 6,000 Navajo Indians. The phenotype frequency of HLA-B27 in this population was found to be 36%. The area in which these people live is endemic for shigellosis, Shigella flexneri being the most common species isolated. Presumably the high frequency of HLA-B27 and shigella infections account for the high incidence and prevalence of Reiter's syndrome in this population. PMID- 7205830 TI - Amyloid in a patient with Reiter's syndrome - secondary or coincidental? Differentiation with potassium permanganate. AB - A patient with Reiter's syndrome developed a pulmonary nodule composed of amyloid. Reiter's syndrome has been reported as 1 of the diseases associated with secondary systemic amyloidosis. Isolated nodular pulmonary amyloid has not been reported to become systemic. Potassium permanganate treatment of amyloid abolishes congo red stain affinity for amyloid of unknown origin found in secondary amyloidosis. However, the amyloid of immunoglobulin origin, characteristic of primary amyloid, is resistant to KMnO4. The amyloid deposit from our patient was resistant to KMnO4 which suggested that the pulmonary amyloid was a coincidental nodular amyloid deposit in the lung rather than secondary amyloidosis. PMID- 7205831 TI - Pneumococcal arthritis complicating gout. Case report and literature review. AB - The simultaneous occurrence of septic arthritis and gout is quite uncommon. We describe a patient with chronic gout who developed pneumococcal pneumonia. Twenty four hours later, his previously involved joints became acutely inflamed and were found to contain both pneumococcal organisms and monosodium urate crystals intracellularly. The mechanisms which may confer upon a gouty joint selective resistance or susceptibility to colonization by a blood borne organism are discussed. Septic arthritis must remain a consideration in patients with chronic gouty arthritis. PMID- 7205832 TI - Erosive candida arthritis in a patient with disseminated candidiasis. AB - Candida arthritis of the knee joint of 9 months' duration is described in a leukemic patient. Examination of the joint at autopsy revealed no signs of osteomyelitis, despite the chronicity of the arthritic process, and only minimal fungal invasion of the cartilage in a eroded area. PMID- 7205833 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis and relapsing polychondritis: a case report. AB - Relapsing polychondritis, a rare disorder characterized by inflammation of cartilaginous tissue, is often associated with vasculitic features. Wegener's granulomatosis is an uncommon form of vasculitis, usually responsive to treatment with cyclophosphamide. A 59-yr-old man with relapsing polychondritis, initially well controlled by corticosteroid therapy, developed pulmonary infiltrates and glomerulonephritis. After pathological confirmation of Wegener's granulomatosis, cyclophosphamide therapy was instituted and remission achieved. PMID- 7205834 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis with unusual spinal deformity: a case report. AB - A 26-yr-old male with ankylosing spondylitis with a fixed lumbar kyphosis is described. The presumed cause of this deformity was the assumption of a posture of spinal flexion from prolonged bicycle riding during a period of active inflammation in the lumbar apophyseal joints. PMID- 7205835 TI - Do family practice residents in the United States learn clinical rheumatology? An important question. AB - The "Arthritis Establishment" is not succeeding in its goal that "every primary and family physician should know criteria for early diagnosis of arthritis, techniques of treatment and when to refer patients for specialized care." The inadequate training of family practice residents in rheumatic diseases is in part responsible for the failure to deliver optimal medical care to the nation's 22 million arthritics. PMID- 7205836 TI - Diffuse (? eosinophilic) fasciitis, atypical rash, and chronic inflammatory disease of the colon (? Crohn's disease) PMID- 7205837 TI - Pericarditis in ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7205838 TI - Traditional vocational evaluation: help or hindrance? PMID- 7205839 TI - Rehabilitation in the '80s. PMID- 7205840 TI - 1975-1980: Five long years or five short years? PMID- 7205841 TI - Increasing parental involvement with profoundly handicapped persons in an institutional setting. PMID- 7205842 TI - Career maturity analysis. Incarcerated juvenile clients. PMID- 7205843 TI - A cooperative partnership. Public/private rehabilitation during recession. PMID- 7205844 TI - The efficacy of vocational rehabilitation with mentally ill persons. PMID- 7205845 TI - The physician's foot. PMID- 7205846 TI - Congenital malformations and middle ear surgery. PMID- 7205847 TI - Naloxone in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: effect on weight gain and lipolysis. AB - The effects of a constant intravenous infusion of naloxone in doses ranging from 3.2 to 6.4 mg/day were studied in a group of patients with anorexia nervosa. Patients showed a significantly greater weight gain during the infusion compared with the periods before and after naloxone. Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and non esterified fatty acid levels fell during the infusion. It is suggested that, in man, naloxone has an antilipolytic effect in vivo. PMID- 7205848 TI - Nutritional status and general immune competence in patients with head and neck cancer. AB - Anergy to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) has been reported as a highly significant adverse prognostic immunological factor in several studies of patients with squamous cell carcinomas involving the head and neck. Patients with these tumours often present with concurrent nutritional deficiencies. This paper reports the findings of a prospective study into both the nutritional status and general immune competence of 53 such patients.Analysis of the results has demonstrated a statistically highly significant positive correlation between nutritional status and both the delayed hypersensitivity response to DNCB, and the pretreatment total lymphocyte count levels. It is suggested that nutritional deficit may be a primary adverse prognostic factor in this disease group, with immunoincompetence a secondary phenomenon, and supporting evidence is presented. The consequent probable importance of nutritional status with regard to clinical trials, and the necessity for controlled studies to determine the possible beneficial effect of nutritional support on 'cure' rates, are discussed. PMID- 7205849 TI - Is micropapular sarcoidosis tuberculosis? AB - Three cases of micropapular sarcoidosis are reported. Two of the cases have a history of tuberculosis and all three cases have atypical patterns of Kveim and Mantoux reactivity. The similarities between this form of sarcoidosis and lichen scrofulosorum or lichenoid tuberculid are observed and the evidence is presented for a tuberculoid aetiology in certain forms of sarcoidosis. PMID- 7205850 TI - Controlled clinical trials: the current ethical debate. PMID- 7205852 TI - Essential drugs--whose responsibility? PMID- 7205851 TI - Apples of discord. PMID- 7205853 TI - What should be done about schizophrenia? PMID- 7205854 TI - Meniere's disease. PMID- 7205855 TI - The ophthalmology of leisure. PMID- 7205856 TI - Sleep apnoea in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. AB - Breathing during sleep was monitored in 8 diabetic patients with objective evidence of autonomic neuropathy and in 8 diabetic patients without neuropathy. Thirty or more periods of apnoea lasting 10 seconds or longer during one night's sleep were demonstrated in 3 of the diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. Such apnoeic periods may be related to the high incidence of cardiorespiratory arrests reported in such patients, particularly in association with anaesthesia or pneumonia. PMID- 7205857 TI - Use of drugs by the elderly. AB - This paper outlines the use of both prescribed and non-prescribed medication by the elderly in the community. The study examined a number of factors related to medication including compliance, the types of drugs taken, the manner in which drugs were stored and disposed of, and the advice that patients received. The findings revealed a lack of coordination of responsibility in the management of patients' medicines leading to inappropriate drug use, posing a potential risk to the patient. It is against this background that we propose that the role of the general practice pharmacist should be extended within a structured health care programme; pharmacists should be encouraged to keep total medication records on patients of 65 and over. PMID- 7205858 TI - Significance of arcus senilis in Caucasians. AB - A study of arcus senilis in Caucasian men and women is reported. The prevalence of arcus senilis increases with age in both sexes and occurs more frequently in men. In women arcus senilis is uncommon before the menopause. The occurrence of arcus senilis in Caucasians is not a significant finding, except in men under the age of 40 years, when it is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7205859 TI - Gastric cancer in China: a review. PMID- 7205860 TI - A mimic of paraplegia. PMID- 7205861 TI - Arginosuccinic aciduria with pili torti. PMID- 7205862 TI - Association between delivery and development. PMID- 7205863 TI - Ileocolic blind loops following side-to-side anastomosis. PMID- 7205864 TI - Burger Award address. Toward more selective antiarthritic therapy. PMID- 7205865 TI - Fluorinated retinoic acids and their analogues. 2. Synthesis and biological activity of aromatic 4-fluoro analogues. AB - Ethyl (E,Z,E,E)-3,7-dimethyl-4-fluoro-9-(4-methoxy-2,3,6 trimethylphenyl)nonatetraenoate (10a) has been found to cause a marked regression of chemically induced skin papillomas in mice. A new synthesis of this compound was achieved by condensation of 4-fluoro aldehyde 7 or 8 with the aromatic phosphonium salt 9a. Several analogues (101-e) having different substituted aromatic moieties were also prepared and tested for their antipapilloma effect. The monochloro analogue 10b was shown to have comparable activity to the parent compound 10a. PMID- 7205866 TI - Synthesis of 2'-deoxy-L-fucopyranosylcarminomycinone and -epsilon-pyrromycinone as well as 2'-deoxy-D-erythro-pentopyranosyldaunomycinone, -carminomycinone, and epsilon-pyrromycinone. AB - Treatment of di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-L-fucopyranosyl bromide with carminomycinone and epsilon-pyrromycinone in the presence of mercuric bromide and mercuric cyanide afforded 3',4'-diO-acetyl-2'-deoxy-L-fucopyranosylcarminomycinone and -epsilon pyrromycinone. Similarly, when di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-D-erythrho-pentopyranosyl chloride was treated with daunomycinone, carminomycinone and epsilon pyrromycinone, the di-O-acetyl derivatives of the anthracyclinone glycosides were obtained. Deacetylation of the previous acetates with sodium methoxide afforded 2'-deoxy-L-fucopyranosylcarminomycinone and -epsilon-pyrromycinone, as well as 2' deoxy-D-erythro-pentopyranosyldaunomycinone, -carminomycinone, and -epsilon pyrromycinone. 2'-Deoxy-L-fucopyranosylcarminomycinone was found to be more active than carminomycin at higher dosages on L1210. PMID- 7205867 TI - 2-(Aminomethyl)phenols, a new class of saluretic agents. 2. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of the 5-aza isostere of 2-(aminomethyl)-4-(1,1 dimethylethyl)-6-iodophenol. AB - The synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-(aminomethyl)-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl) 2-iodo-3-pyridinol dihydrochloride (7b) are described. Compound 7b proved to be highly active as a saluretic diuretic in both rats and dogs. PMID- 7205868 TI - Synthesis and study of the potential antiallergic activity of some pyrazole derivatives. AB - The synthesis and study of the oral antiallergic activity of a series of monopyrazole derivatives (2-14) considered as analogues of active bispyrazole 1 are described. None of the compounds showed significant inhibition of the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), with the exception of the already known 5 aminoindazole (2). The activity of this compound, is however, lower than that of compound 1. PMID- 7205869 TI - Importance of the aromatic ring in adrenergic amines. 6. Nonaromatic analogues of phenylethanolamine as inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase: role of pi-electronic and steric interactions. AB - To probe the importance of pi-electronic and steric interactions of nonaromatic analogues of phenylethanolamine as inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase (PNMT), a series of norbornane and norbornene ethanolamines was prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of PNMT (liquid chromatographic electrochemical detector assay). Previous studies indicated a major importance of hydrophobic interaction of the ring moiety attached to the ethanolamine side chain, but a possible importance of pi-complex formation could have been obscured by conformational differences among the analogues. In this study, norbornane and norbornene substituted with an ethanolamine side chain at positions 1,2-exo, and 2-endo were prepared from the corresponding aldehydes by addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide (Me3SiCN) and lithium aluminum hydride reduction. The saturated (norbornane) analogues were two times more potent as inhibitors of the enzyme than were the norbornene analogues, thus suggesting that pi-complex formation is not an important contribution to binding and, as previously proposed, a hydrophobic interaction is the significant binding interaction of the ring moiety. The hydrophobic binding area has a critical size that requires the hydrophobic moiety to be of sufficient length (the bridgehead-substituted norbornane and norbornene ethanolamines being too "'short" for optimal binding). The 2-exo orientation of the ethanolamine side chain was preferred to the 2-endo orientation, supporting our earlier hypothesis that the ring moiety prefers to be oriented away from the side chain. PMID- 7205870 TI - alpha-Ethynyl and alpha-vinyl analogues of ornithine as enzyme-activated inhibitors of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase. AB - alpha-Ethynyl- and alpha-vinylornithine were designed and synthesized as potential enzyme-activated inhibitors of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase. These two new inhibitors produce both immediate and time-dependent inhibition of rat liver ornithine decarboxylase in vitro. The inhibitions exhibition saturation kinetics. The apparent dissociation constants (KI) are 10 and 810 microM, and the times of half-inactivation at infinite concentration of inhibitor (t1/2) are 8.5 and 27 min, respectively, for alpha-ethynyl- and alpha-vinylornithine. In rats, alpha-ethynylornithine causes a rapid dose-dependent decrease of ornithine decarboxylase activity in prostate and, to a lesser extent, in thymus and testis. PMID- 7205872 TI - Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of metabolites of piroxicam. AB - Four possible pyridine monohydroxylated metabolites of the antiinflammatory agent piroxicam have been synthesized for comparison with a natural pyridine hydroxylated metabolite of this compound. In addition, another metabolite of piroxicam, derived from dehydration of the parent drug, has been made and characterized. The antiinflammatory activity of these compounds and four other known metabolites of piroxicam has been measured in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and all are found to be less active than piroxicam itself. PMID- 7205871 TI - Regiospecific attack of nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles on quinones derived from poison oak/ivy catechols (urushiols) and analogues as models for urushiol-protein conjugate formation. AB - Attempts to characterize potential biologically important covalent interactions between electrophilic quinones derived from catechols present in poison oak/ivy (urushiol) and biomacromolecules have led to the analysis of model reactions involving sulfur and amino nucleophiles with 3-heptadecylbenzoquinone. Characterization of the reaction products indicates that this quinone undergoes regiospecific attack by (S)-N-acetylcysteine at C-6 and by 1-aminopentane at C-5. The red solid obtained with 1-aminopentane proved to be 3-heptadecyl-5 (pentylamino)-1,2-benzoquinone. Analogous aminobenzoquinones were obtained with the quinones derived from the 4- and 6-methyl analogues of 3-pentadecylcatechol. All three adducts absorbed visible light at different wavelengths. When the starting catechols were incubated with human serum albumin almost identical chromophores were formed. These results establish that cathechols responsible for the production of the poison oak/ivy contact dermatitis in humans undergo a sequence of reactions in the presence of human serum albumin that lead to covalent attachment of the catechols to the protein via carbon-nitrogen bonds. Estimations of the extent of this binding indicate that, at least with human serum albumin, the reaction is quantitative. PMID- 7205873 TI - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. 2. Synthesis of 4',5-disubstituted 3 biphenylylacetic acids and their derivatives with antiinflammatory and analgesic activities. AB - A series of 5',5-disubstituted 3-biphenylylacetic acids (5a-n) and several alpha methyl derivatives (5o-v) were prepared as analogues of a newly developed nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, 5'-chloro-5-methoxy-3-biphenylylacetic acid [1 (DKA-9), R = 4-C1Ph; R' = Me], and evaluated for antiinflammatory and analgesic activities using both carrageenan rat paw edema and AcOH writhing assays. Among them, 5-fluoro-3-biphenylylacetic acid (5m) showed the highest antiinflammatory activity, while 2-(3-biphenylyl)propionic acid (5o) showed the highest analgesic activity. However, they were less potent than 1 (R = 4-C1Ph; R' = Me) in these assays. PMID- 7205874 TI - New antiarrhythmic agents. 4. 1'-(Aminoalkyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1 spiro-3'-pyrrolidine-2',5'-dione derivatives. AB - A series of 33 1'-(Aminoalkyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-spiro-3' pyrrolidine-2',5'-dione derivatives was tested for antiarrhythmic and toxic effects in mice and dogs. In mice, 31 compounds produced some protection against chloroform-induced tachyarrhythmias at subcutaneous doses of 100 mg/kg, and 6 compounds produced no detectable toxicity at doses protecting 80% or more of the animals. Seven of the more potent and nontoxic derivatives were tested in dogs with surgically induced myocardial infarctions. All produced distinct antiarrhythmic effects at doses considerably lower than doses of lidocaine or tocainide producing comparable effects. The principal toxic effects observed in dogs were convulsion and depression of intracardiac conduction; they occurred generally at higher doses than those leading to antiarrhythmic effect. Several compounds also suppressed digitalis-induced arrhythmias in anesthetized dogs. Half-lives and total body clearance in dogs were determined for three compounds; two had half-lives comparable to that of tocainide, a long-acting, orally active antiarrhythmic agent, in clinical trials. PMID- 7205875 TI - Potential organ- or tumor-imaging agents. 21. Acyl-labeled esters of cholesterol. PMID- 7205876 TI - New antiarrhythmic agents. 5. alpha-Aminoaceto-2,6-xylidides with functionalized amide alkyl substituents. AB - The synthesis of aminoaceto-2',6'-xylidides substituted on the amide nitrogen with 2-(diethylamino)ethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, and 2-ethoxyethyl groups is described. The 2-aminoethyl derivatives were prepared by treatment of N (2-phthalimidoethyl)-2',6'-xylidine with chloroacetyl chloride, followed by treatment with either potassium phthalmide or diethylamine. Hydrazinolysis of the phthalimides liberated the free amines. The remaining target compounds were produced by alkylation of lidocaine or of 2-phthalimidoaceto-2',6'-xylidide with the appropriate halide and sodium hydride, followed by hydrazinolysis where necessary. All target compounds were evaluated for antiarrhythmic efficacy against chloroform-induced ventricular tachycardia, as well as for acute CNS toxicity in mice. Most of the target compounds were more potent than the corresponding secondary amides and had improved therapeutic margins toward CNS toxicity. The diamines N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoaceto-2',6'-xylidide (13) and N-(2 aminoethyl)--2-(diethylamino)aceto-2',6'-xylidide (29) are especially promising in this respect. Several compounds were tested as spinal anesthetics. PMID- 7205877 TI - Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of new 6-heteroaryl-3-hydrazinopyridazine derivatives. AB - The synthesis and pharmacological activity of new 6-heteroaryl-3 hydrazinopyridazines with antihypertensive action are described. The introduction of pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, thiophene, indole, and carbazole heterocyclic rings into the 6 position of the pyridazine nucleus has been carried out by three different methods of synthesis. The hypotensive action has been examined on normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats by comparison with dihydralazine (I). 6-Imidazol-1-yl derivatives have proved particularly active. Of these derivatives, 3-hydrazino-6-(2-methylimidazol-1 yl)pyridazine (7c) achieves 4.9 times the activity of dihydralazine when administered orally to spontaneously hypertensive rats. The LD50 values of 7c and dihydralazine are very similar. PMID- 7205879 TI - 1-(Naphthylalkyl)-1H-imidazole derivatives, a new class of anticonvulsant agents. AB - Potent anticonvulsant activity has been demonstrated for a large number of 1 (naphthylalkyl)-1H-imidazoles containing a variety of functional groups in the alkylene bridge. The presence of a small oxygen function in the bridge, in general, confers a high therapeutic index between anticonvulsant and depressant activity. Clinical expectations are discussed for 1-(2-naphthoylmethyl)imidazole hydrochloride (5), which is undergoing development for testing in humans. PMID- 7205878 TI - Tetrahydro-2-benzoxepins: a novel family of hypotensives. AB - A novel series of 1-(alkylamino)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dimethoxy-2-benzoxepins shows hypotensive activity. A typical example is 1-[2-(1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8 dimethoxy-2-benzoxepin-1-yl)ethyl]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazine. This compound is an alpha blocker with peripheral and central activities. PMID- 7205880 TI - Importance of the aromatic ring in adrenergic amines. 5. Nonaromatic analogues of phenylethanolamine as inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase: role of hydrophobic and steric interactions. PMID- 7205881 TI - Synthesis and antidepressant activity of substituted (omega-aminoalkoxy)benzene derivatives. AB - A series of substituted (omega-aminoalkoxy)benzene derivatives has been synthesized and screened for potential antidepressant activities. The effect of structural variation of these molecules has been systematically examined. Antidepressant activity was clearly displayed by 2-benzyl-1-[4 (methylamino)butoxy]benzene (7), 2-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-1-[4 (methylamino)butoxy]benzene (19), 1-[4-(methylamino)butoxy]-2-phenoxybenzene (29), and 1-[4-(methylamino)butoxy]-2-(phenylthio)benzene (31) in further pharmacological studies. These compounds did not possess the anticholinergic, antihistaminic, and muscle-relaxant side effects common to tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7205882 TI - 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-aminotetralin derivatives: synthesis and assessment of dopaminergic and adrenergic actions. AB - Replacement of the catechol 3,4-dihydroxylation pattern of certain adrenergic beta-phenethylamines by a resorcinol 3,5-dihydroxylation pattern has led to a greater selectivity of adrenergic agonist effects in certain molecules. This strategy has been applied to a series of dopaminergic agents derived from 2 aminotetralin, leading to a 5,7-dihydroxylation pattern. Traditional literature approaches to formation of a tetralin ring with this oxygenation pattern failed. A method was used which involved cyclization of 3,5-dimethoxybenzylsuccinic acid derivatives with pyridinium poly(HF) and subsequent modification of the tetralin ring. The resorcinol-derived 2-aminotetralins were less potent and less active dopaminergic agents than their catechol-derived isomers (5,6-dihydroxy and/or 6,7 dihydroxy). Certain of the subject compounds demonstrated alpha- and beta 1 adrenoceptor activating properties. PMID- 7205884 TI - Synthesis of seleno- and thioguanine-platinum(II) complexes and their antitumor activity in mice. AB - Selenoguanine-, selenoguanosine-, thioguanine-, and thioxanthine-platinum(II) complexes were synthesized, and their antitumor activities were studied against L1210 cells in mice and in an in vitro system. These compounds exhibited antitumor activity of medium strength and showed very low toxicity. The effect of the selenoguanine-platinum(II) complex in mice was retained longer than that of the parent compound, selenoguanine, because the selenoguanine-platinum(II) complex very slowly released selenoguanine into the blood. PMID- 7205883 TI - Synthesis and antiarrhythmic activity of new benzofuran derivatives. AB - Various 5-aminobenzofuran derivatives were prepared from khellin and screened intravenously in the dog for their potential antiarrhythmic activity against ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmia and in the Harris test. From systematic structural variations it was found that two methoxy groups in positions 4 and 7 on the benzofuran ring, a tertiary aminoethoxy side chain in position 6, and a N methylurea group in position 5 led to the most active compounds. These were then tested orally in the Harris test in the dog. The two long-acting derivatives N [4,7-dimethoxy-6-(2-pyrrolidinoethoxy)-5-benzofuranyl]-N'-methylurea (8j) and N [4,7-dimethoxy-6-(2-piperidinoethoxy)-5-benzofuranyl]-N'-methylurea (8m) showed advantages when compared to quinidine and disopyramide and have been selected for further studies. PMID- 7205885 TI - Potential antitumor agents. 34. Quantitative relationships between DNA binding and molecular structure for 9-anilinoacridines substituted in the anilino ring. AB - In an investigation of the structure-activity relationships in the 4'-(9 acridinylamino)methanesulfonanilide (AMSA) tumor inhibitory analogues, the DNA binding properties of a series of simple 9-anilinoacridines were examined. Positional numbering as in the AMSA series has been employed. DNA binding was determined by drug competition with the fluorochrome ethidium for available sites. The decrease in fluorescence of a DNA-ethidium complex by the addition of drug is due to both drug displacement of bound ethidium and quenching of the fluorescence of bound ethidium by bound drug; measurement of both factors allows drug-DNA association constants (K) to be determined. DNA binding is augmented by 1' or 2' electron donor substituents, and significant correlation equations have been derived with Hammett's sigma p or sigma m constants. Group molar refractivity (MR) for 1'-substituents is an additional significant regression equation term for binding, while the values for 2' and 3' groups play no significant role. Most 3'-substituents decrease binding, presumably as a result of steric inhibition of entry of the acridine nucleus into intercalation sites. A 3'-NHSO2CH3 and 3'-NHCOCH3 substituent confer selectivity of binding to poly[d(G C)] and poly[d(A-T)], respectively. It is suggested that a combination of H-bond formation and stereochemical features, coupled with steric hindrance, provides the selectivity observed. Binding data are consistent with a model in which the acridine nucleus occupies an intercalation site and the noncoplanar 9-anilino ring resides in the DNA minor groove. PMID- 7205886 TI - New monofunctional reagents for DNA as possible agents for the photochemotherapy of psoriasis: derivatives of 4,5'-dimethylangelicin. AB - With the aim of obtaining new agents for the photochemotherapy of psoriasis, we have prepared monofunctional reagents for DNA by starting from 4,5' dimethylangelicin (2), an angular furocoumarin, and introducing in a 4' (hydroxymethyl) (3), 4'-(methoxymethyl) (4), or 4'-(aminomethyl) group (5), in way analogous to what other authors have done previously on trioxsalen, a DNA bifunctional reagent. These new compounds form complexes with DNA in the ground state and by successive irradiation (UV-A) undergo monofunctional photoaddition to the macromolecule. Photobinding to DNA was highest for 3 and gradually lower for 4 and 5, respectively. These compounds do not form interstrand photocross linkages in DNA and do not show any skin phototoxicity. Fluorimetric studies show that their 4',5' double bond is involved in the photoaddition to DNA. Their photobiological activity evaluated on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and on T2 phages was strictly connected with their photobinding to DNA. The effect of the introduction of hydroxymethyl and methoxymethyl groups in angular 2 is somewhat similar to that previously described for trioxsalen: the introduction of an aminomethyl group in 2 markedly increases the affinity in the dark for DNA but under UV-A irradiation strongly inhibits photobinding to the macromolecule. By contrast, in the analogous derivative of trioxsalen both the affinity for DNA in the dark and the photobinding to DNA increased. PMID- 7205887 TI - Potential inhibitors of nucleotide biosynthesis. 1. Nitrosoureidonucleosides. 2. AB - Several nitrosoureidonucleosides (9a, 9b, 11a, 11b, 18 and 20) designed as inhibitors of enzymes that metabolize purine and pyrimidine nucleotides have been prepared and their chemical and biological properties studied. The low level of biological activity observed may be due to the unexpected stability of these nitrosoureas compared to biologically active compounds such as N-methyl-N nitrosourea (MNU), N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitrosourea (BCNU), and N,N' dicyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea (DCyNU). PMID- 7205888 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships by distance geometry: thyroxine binding site. AB - The binding data for 27 analogues of thyroxine interacting with human prealbumin have been fitted to a simple distance geometry model of the binding site. The novel aspect of the calculation is that a general definition of chirality has been implemented, so that the model site exhibits the observed stereospecificity. The calculated free energies of binding of the ligands fit the experimental data with a root mean square deviation of 0.5 kcal/mol. Three additional analogues not included in the original data set fit equally well. The geometry of the proposed binding site matches the X-ray crystal structure of the tetraiodothyronine prealbumin complex with a root mean square deviation of 1.0 to 1.6 A. PMID- 7205889 TI - Studies on position 1 of angiotensin II: effects on affinity and duration of action from alkyl amide substitution. AB - The synthesis and the biological activities of [asparagine]angiotensin II analogues with alkyl-substituted amide groups are reported. This study was performed in order to elucidate further the importance and the influence of the side chain in position 1 of angiotensin II. The two synthesized analogues [1 (N4,N4-dipropyl)asparagine]- and [1-(N4,N4-diisopropyl)asparagine]angiotensin II were compared to [1-asparagine]angiotensin II (hypertensin, Ciba) and to [1 (N4,N4-dimethyl)asparagine]angiotensin II in vitro and in vivo. All compounds had full intrinsic activity, but their potency decreased with increasing alkyl size of the substituted carboxamide group. Despite their reduced potency, the alkylated analogues showed enhanced duration of action on rabbit aorta strips. The relative potencies of the series hypertensin, dimethyl, dipropyl, and diisopropyl analogues on rabbit aorta strips were 100, 46, 16, and 9%, respectively. In the rat blood pressure assay they were 100, 30, 9, and 7%, respectively. PMID- 7205891 TI - Synthesis and antimalarial activity of 8-[(1-alkyl-4-aminobutyl)amino]-6-methoxy 4-methylquinolines. AB - Three analogues of the causal prophylactic antimalarial primaquine were prepared and their antimalarial activity was evaluated. 8-[(1-Ethyl-4-aminobutyl)amino]-6 methoxy-4-methylquinoline (2a) demonstrated activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice at 20 mg/kg, with all animals cured at 320 mg/kg, and is without toxicity at 640 mg/kg. It also possessed outstanding causal prophylactic activity against Plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys at very low dosages. PMID- 7205890 TI - Some 14 beta-substituted analogues of N-(cyclopropylmethyl)normorphine. AB - A series of N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-14 beta-substituted-normorphine analogues was synthesized and tested for opioid agonist and antagonist activity in the guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens preparations. The 14 beta-bromo compound proved to be a pure antagonist equal in potency to naloxone in the guinea pig ileum assay. In contrast to N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-14 beta-hydroxynormorphine which was a pure antagonist, the corresponding sulfur analogue was about equal to nalorphine in agonist and antagonist potency. PMID- 7205892 TI - Structure-activity studies on narcotic antagonists. 2. N-substituted ethyl 3-(m- or p-hydroxyphenyl) nipecotates. AB - A number of N-substituted ethyl 3-(n- or p-hydroxyphenyl)nipecotates were synthesized to evaluate the role of a m- or p-hydroxy substituted beta phenethylamine moiety in narcotic antagonist action. Ethyl m- or p-methoxy phenylcyanoacetate was alkylated with 1-bromo-3-chloropropane. The resultant chloronitriles were hydrogenated (Raney Ni) to amines and cyclized to yield the N substituted ethyl 3-(m- or p-methoxyphenyl)nipecotates. These were N-benzylated, O-demethylated using BBr3, N-debenzylated, and then N-alkylated. The following N substituted derivatives were prepared: methyl, allyl, cyclopropylmethyl, and n propyl. No significant morphine-like analgesic activity was found in mice by the tail-flick method. The acetic writhing assay showed several compounds to possess analgesic activity. N-n-Propyl and N-(cyclopropylmethyl) m-hydroxy derivatives were marginally active antagonists by the mouse tail-flick method. Surprisingly, the N-methyl m-hydroxy derivative, 11m, was found to be an antagonist. PMID- 7205893 TI - Consultants rule OK? The changing pattern of medical hierarchy. PMID- 7205894 TI - Even dying must be edited: further thoughts on Joan Robinson. AB - "Joan Robinson: One Woman's Story' is a cinema verite style record of a woman's losing struggle against ovarian cancer. The film has been shown now twice on the American Public Television Network. It has received good notices primarily from the lay press. Yet the film depicts much that is out-of-date and much that is debatable. In general, we feel that it presents a depressing picture of the cancer patient. This was not Joan Robinson's intention and her bravery only serves to highlight this picture of suffering with cancer. We point to specific flaws in the film. We then go on to account for why many reviewers seem to have been blind to these flaws. It is suggested that criteria for good works of art, for good public health information, and for admirable personal traits were confused. PMID- 7205895 TI - Mental illness. PMID- 7205896 TI - Where there's no will there's no way. PMID- 7205897 TI - On the death of a baby. AB - Andrew was a desperately premature baby weighing under two pounds. He died after months of "heroic' efforts in an intensive care facility. The story of his short cruel institutionalised life is a case study in the limits and excesses of modern medicine. The night he told us our son Andrew was about to die the doctor who had taken charge of him six months before also told us we were "intellectually tight' that we had "no feelings only thoughts and words and strategies'. We were "bad parents'. As the parents of a five-year-old daughter we knew the love a mother and father feels for children. Yet as Andrew's parents we were used to condemnation and insult. Andrew was a baby born 15 weeks prematurely weighing only 1lb 12oz and in a state of painful deterioration almost from the start. We wanted him to be allowed to die a natural death. Andrew's story is the story of what can happen when a baby becomes hopelessly entrapped in an intensive care unit where the machinery is more sophisticated than the code of law and ethics governing its use. The letter printed below was sent to the administrator and numerous personnel of the hospital that controlled the life and death of our son. The physician-in-chief of that hospital characterised it as a "carefully documented critique'. The letter appear here somewhat edited and abridged and the names of people and institutions have been changed all but our own. It is the personal record of what happened to our baby and to us. PMID- 7205898 TI - Incidence of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory. AB - A survey was conducted during 1977 to 1978 to determine the incidence of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Ninety-nine cases born between 1960 and 1971 were ascertained representing an incidence rate of 18.6 per 100 000 liveborn males. Over 60% of the ascertained males were isolated cases, and only 7% of affected males had an affected males relative in a previous generation in the female line. Categorisation of ascertained cases as either "theoretically preventable" or not shows that genetic counselling alone in the present circumstances is insufficient to reduce the incidence rate significantly. PMID- 7205899 TI - Pitfalls of genetic counselling in Pfeiffer's syndrome. AB - A family with Pfeiffer's syndrome is presented in which members of two generations showed only partial but relevant syndactyly before a child was born, in the third generation, with the full acrocephalosyndactyly syndrome. PMID- 7205900 TI - Menkes X linked disease: heterozygous phenotype in uncloned fibroblast cultures. AB - The 64Cu incorporation into uncloned fibroblast cultures from 16 Menkes disease mothers and 19 first and second degree female relatives was examined. The mean incorporation for the Menkes disease mothers (36.2 +/- 3.6 SEM) differed significantly from that of 25 normal subjects (21.7 +/- 0.9 SEM) suggesting the presence of a significant proportion of mutant cells. In addition, the results suggested a heterozygous state in a number of the female relatives. Uncloned fibroblast cultures from four Menkes disease heterozygotes showed increasingly abnormal copper uptake values after repeated freezing procedures. Manipulation of tissue cultures may help to identify a number of female carriers. PMID- 7205901 TI - Menkes X linked disease: two clonal cell populations in heterozygotes. AB - The 64Cu incorporation into fibroblast clones obtained from three obligate and three suspected Menkes disease heterozygotes was studied. For each obligate heterozygote, two clonal cell populations were observed, one with a Menkes phenotype and one with a normal phenotype, as predicted by the Lyon hypothesis. The cloning results suggested a heterozygous state in two of the suspected carriers. The theoretical and practical limitation of the cloning method for identification of carriers of X linked diseases are discussed. PMID- 7205902 TI - A family with diaphyseal aclasis and peripheral dysostosis. AB - Autosomal dominant inheritance of a type of peripheral dysostosis occurred in a family with diaphyseal aclasis. The features of their type of peripheral dysostosis were short limbed short stature, normal intelligence, very stubby fingers, flat face and nose, shortened metacarpals and terminal phalanges, thickened beaten-copper skull vault, and advanced skeletal maturation. PMID- 7205903 TI - Negro alpha-thalassaemia: genetic studies in homozygous sickle cell disease. AB - Interaction with the alpha-thalassaemia phenotypes lowers the proportion of Hb S in the sickle cell trait and influences the mean cell volume and proportional Hb A2 in homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease. By assigning somewhat arbitrary values to the alpha-thalassaemia 1 and alpha-thalassaemia 2 phenotypes in these conditions, it has been possible to investigate the patterns of inheritance of alpha-thalassaemia in black populations. The results strongly support the hypothesis that the alpha-thalassaemia 1 phenotype represents homozygosity for alpha-thalassaemia 2. PMID- 7205904 TI - Haemoglobin E trait and probable alpha-thalassaemia in a black American family: a family study. AB - This is a report of haemoglobin E trait in a black American family with no known Asian ancestory. The father appears to be heterozygous for both haemoglobin E and alpha-thalassaemia. The mother is normal both clinically and haematologically. These children carry Hb E trait alone. The youngest son has a normal haemoglobin pattern and appears to have alpha-thalassaemia. PMID- 7205905 TI - Recessively inherited growth hormone deficiency in a family from Iraq. AB - A family from Iraq with five growth hormone deficient children in two closely related sibships is reported. The clinical forms and modes of inheritance of familial growth hormone deficiency are discussed briefly. PMID- 7205907 TI - Pericentric inversion (13) with two different recombinants in the same family. AB - A family is described in which a pericentric inversion (13) was discovered in the father after the birth of an abnormal baby. In a further pregnancy amniocentesis was carried out. The fetal karyotype showed a rec(13)dup p,inv(13)(p11q22). The fetus's abnormalities were similar to those observed in the first child. Family studies showed that a first cousin, mentally retarded, had a rec(13)dup q,inv(13)(p11q22) karyotype. In this family, the risk of occurrence of a recombinant in offspring of an inversion carrier could be as high as 40%. PMID- 7205906 TI - Segregation of an X ring chromosome in two generations. AB - A 45,X/46,X,r(X) mosaicism was found in a mother and daughter. Characterisation of the ring by banding studies showed that breakpoints had occurred at bands Xp13 and Xq27. It is confirmed that women heterozygotes for partial deficiencies of the short arm of an X chromosome are fertile. Although the mother developed secondary amenorrhoea at the age of 29, it is suggested that fertility per se may not be affected by deficiencies of the distal part of Xq. PMID- 7205908 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of a de novo non-fluorescent Y chromosome. AB - We report a case with non-mosaic Yq-, missing the fluorescent segment, and detected as a fetus studied for advanced maternal age. The father had a Y chromosome of average size and paternity was established wih a plausibility of 97.7% by HLA and erythrocyte antigen typing. The child had a normal male antigen typing. The child had a normal male phenotype at delivery and developmental milestones were normal through the first year of life. The Yq- showed no mitotic instability since it was retained in foreskin culture for its in vitro lifetime of 60 population doublings. PMID- 7205909 TI - 13q-/r(13) mosaicism. AB - A 2-month-old female infant with typical features of the 13q-syndrome was found to be a hitherto unreported mosaic consisting of 46,XX,del(13)(q22) 46,XX,r(13)(p13q22). Both of the 13q- and r(13) chromosomes were Ag N banding positive. Therefore, it was assumed that they had retained the satellite stalks. Two possible mechanisms were proposed for the genesis of the mosaicism. Firstly, the patients started with the 13q- chromosome, which then underwent breakage and reunion at both ends to form the r(13) chromosome. Secondly, the patients started with the r(13) chromosome, which reopened at or close to the joining point to form the 13q- chromosome. PMID- 7205910 TI - Congenital horizontal gaze palsy and kyphoscoliosis. PMID- 7205911 TI - Classification of inherited brachydactylies. PMID- 7205912 TI - Autosomal dominant inheritance of Gerhardt's syndrome in three generations of a family. PMID- 7205913 TI - Tuberous Sclerosis. PMID- 7205914 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism and Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 7205915 TI - The grandchildren of patients with pyloric stenosis. PMID- 7205916 TI - A factor comparison of old and new MCAT scales. AB - The old Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) and the New MCAT were compared by factor-analyzing the scores of a sample of 1,484 examinees who had taken both test batteries during 1976-77. Three common factors were extracted and interpreted. The first, a general science-quantitative factor, linked scales from both test batteries. A second factor, labeled verbal ability, characterized primarily two scales from the old test, Verbal Ability and General Information. A third factor, interpretation skills, was common to the two skills analysis scales of a new test. Specific variance for each subtest was also estimated by comparing the variance accounted for by these factors with the systematic variance indicated by the reliability. It appears that the old Quantitative Ability subtest measured unique skills which have not been incorporated into the new battery. Also the new Biology and Physics scores seem to provide specific information on knowledge in a particular discipline in addition to general science knowledge. Discussion centers on the implications of these data for the use of New MCAT scores in admissions. PMID- 7205917 TI - Use of NBME examinations to assess retention of basic science knowledge. AB - About 10 years ago results of the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) "Minitest," comprised of samples of questions from NBME Part I and Part II tests, indicated that the change in performance in the total basic science examinations would be minimal between the second and fourth years of medical school. By inserting samples of Part I basic science questions into Part II, large scale tests could be made of the change in performance. In two pilot projects, in a longitudinal study of the same students at a two-year interval, in a cross sectional study of two groups of students at the same time, and in a comparison of performance of basic science questions in the Federation Licensing Examination (FLEX), the prediction of the minitest results was sustained. Overall performance on all basic science questions decreased only a little. However, the changes in the individual disciplines ranged from a consistent improvement in pathology to a substantial decrease in biochemistry. Pharmacology and behavioral sciences fluctuated between small increases and decreases. Physiology, microbiology, and anatomy decreased consistently, but not as much as biochemistry. PMID- 7205918 TI - Informal advice- and information-seeking between physicians. AB - Presently little is known or understood regarding the informal advice- and information-seeking behavior which occurs between physicians. In this paper the authors present an assessment of the quantity, quality, and patterns of direct peer communication in a county's physician population. All physicians within a country were mailed a sociometric questionnaire comprised of two questions. The data from the questionnaire revealed that colleague interaction occurs on a regular and frequent basis and is of considerable value to the physician seeking advice and information. An analysis of the communication patterns distinguished six of the country's physicians as opinion leaders. These findings illustrate the strength of informal communication among physicians and their opinion leaders. This phenomenon may be a key element in facilitating the physician's translation of medical advances into improved patient care with the least delay possible. PMID- 7205919 TI - Evaluating clinical teaching in medicine. AB - Medical student ratings of clinical teaching in an obstetrics and gynecology clerkship are examined. Analyses were made on 1,567 ratings of 230 faculty members and residents by 320 students. Results revealed high interrater reliability. Overall teaching effectiveness correlated strongly with enthusiasm and active involvement of students. Four underlying factors of clinical teaching were identified through factor analysis. The utility of these data is discussed in relation to faculty development, administrative decision-making, and academic promotions. PMID- 7205920 TI - National Fund for Medical Education: new priorities for the 1980s. PMID- 7205921 TI - Psychiatric residency training directors' attitudes toward the National Resident Matching Program. PMID- 7205922 TI - A long-range evaluation of a biomedical science program for undergraduate minority students. PMID- 7205923 TI - When to use a comprehensive final examination. AB - In summary, comprehensive testing should be discouraged when it involves simply repeating earlier content by means of new or reused test items designed to assess the same knowledge previously measured. A more advanced approach to comprehensive testing should be encouraged. This approach would challenge the student to integrate earlier concepts and principles as he undertakes more sophisticated tasks such as application of knowledge and problem-solving. PMID- 7205924 TI - Assessment of residents' attitudes toward patient education. PMID- 7205925 TI - Teaching ethics in the psychiatry clerkship. PMID- 7205926 TI - The practical application of government-supported research. PMID- 7205927 TI - Number of house officers. PMID- 7205928 TI - Scientific book prices. PMID- 7205929 TI - Selecting medical students. PMID- 7205930 TI - Skin sensitization to 2, 4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in the first months of life. AB - The skin reactivity to 2, 4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was evaluated in 94 healthy term neonates, aged 1-30 days and in 190 infants aged 2-9 months. For contact sensitization to DNCB an initial dose of 1 mg DNCB and a challenge one of 0.1 mg were used. Sensitization was induced in 6.7% of neonates in the first 15 days of life. This proportion rose to 25.7% by the end of the first month, to 63% in the third month and to 91% in the ninth month. It is concluded that DNCB test is a safe and simple screening test for evaluating cell-mediated immunity in the first months of life. It appears to have some advantages over the skin tests using specific antigens, as a positive result with DNCB can be obtained at an earlier age. PMID- 7205931 TI - The inhibitory effect of pregnancy serum on polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis. AB - The influence of pregnancy serum on the directional migration of normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in response to a standard chemotactic attractant was studied. Using the Boyden chamber method for quantitating directional migration, both gestational and control sera in the unmodified state were found to have comparable actions on neutrophil chemokinesis and chemotaxis. Activation of these sera with endotoxin generated equivalent amounts of chemotactic factors. However, pregnancy serum in direct contact with normal PMN, inhibited their response to a standard chemoattractant (p less than 0.001). The suppressive effect was present in sera obtained during the third trimester of gestation. Sera obtained one month post partum contained less of the inhibitor of PMN directional migration. Since neutrophils are essential to the development of rheumatoid arthritis and certain other inflammatory diseases, the subsidence of these disorders during gestation and their exacerbation post partum could be related to the inhibitory effects of pregnancy serum on leukocyte functions. PMID- 7205932 TI - Neutrophil assays as modified for infants. AB - Infants and patients with neutropenia provide few neutrophils for study. Accordingly, assays measuring oxidative metabolism (chemiluminescence, glucose-1 C14 oxidation, nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction and superoxide anion generation) were studied to determine the range of neutrophil concentrations over which results were directly related to the number of neutrophils per reaction, and to define the limits (particularly, the lower one) of cell numbers studied that would yield accurate and comparative data. The chemiluminescence assay was then performed employing low neutrophil concentrations to document that the modified technique could detect a metabolic defect in neutrophils from infants when compared to cells obtained from their mothers and controls. PMID- 7205933 TI - Comparison of lymphocyte transformation responses to fresh or frozen phytohemagglutinin. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured in microtiter plates with phytohemagglutinin which was added on the day of testing or had been previously pipetted and frozen. There was good correlation of transformation results using PHA concentrations from 0.25 to 10 microgram/ml (r = 0.772) to 0.828) PHA could be prepipetted and frozen for up to four weeks maintaining good correlation. PMID- 7205934 TI - Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and pulmonary vasculitis associated with circulating immune complexes. AB - A patient with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and pulmonary vasculitis is described. Circulating immune complexes (CICs) were detected in both light and heavy fractions of the patient's serum by four CIC-tests. Antinuclear antibodies and hypocomplementaemia were also found. Immunosuppressive treatment reversed both the immune haemolysis and the pulmonary reaction. we suggest that the syndrome of our patients represents an unusual localized variety of SLE. PMID- 7205935 TI - Mouse red cell receptors on human hematopoietic cell lines. AB - Spontaneous rosetting with mouse red blood cells (MRBC) seems to be a marker for a subpopulation of B-lymphocytes. We investigated the capacity of different hematopoietic cell lines to form rosettes with MRBC. The cell lines represent different hematopoietic malignancies and the results with these lines were compared with those obtained with non-malignant EBV carrying lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Among tumor cell lines only exceptional lines, 1 myeloma and 2 leukemia lines, showed rosetting capacity with MRBC. Most LCL, however, bound MRBC. These results indicate that only 1 category of established hematopoietic cell line, the LCL, has MRBC receptors and that thus a further subset of B lymphocyte, the one represented by LCL, has the capacity for rosetting with MRBC. This MRBC rosetting of LCL is, however, not restricted to those lines with S-IgM. Tumor lines of hematopoietic origin seem, however, in general to lack MRBC receptors, even such lines that are derived from malignant lymphomas which express other B-lymphocyte characteristics. PMID- 7205936 TI - Serum and tissue immune complexes in infective endocarditis. AB - Serial circulating immune complex (IC) determinations were performed in 24 patients with infective endocarditis (IE) using the solid phase Clq, solid phase conglutinin and 3.5% polyethylene glycol precipitation assays. Circulating IC were detected in 67% of IE patients at presentation, but in only 7% of valve lesion controls. Serial determinations produced a 75% prevalence of IC in IE. The presence of circulating IC correlated with "subacute" disease, the presence of tissue deposits of immunoglobulin and/or complement components and with certain extravalvular manifestations (immune complex type glomerulonephritis cutaneous vasculitis and musculoskeletal manifestations). Effective therapy was associated with a fall in circulating IC levels, an effect which was well demonstrated by 3 patients in whom IC rapidly fell to zero following artificial valve replacement. The results support a role for circulating IC in the pathogenesis of this disorder, and suggest that serial IC determinations are useful in following clinical progress, particularly in culture negative endocarditis. PMID- 7205937 TI - The therapeutic efficacy of human immunoglobulins as a function of their in vitro antibody activity toward circulating antigens in children with recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract. AB - Children with recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract were treated by injections of human immunoglobulins. Of the 58 children who were followed after treatment, the clinical outcome and the results of laboratory tests, i.e. serum protein profile and level of circulating immune complexes, were improved in 33. The improvement was significantly related to the in vitro antibody reaction of the immunoglobulin batch that was used for injections with unidentified antigens present, before treatment, in the patient's serum. PMID- 7205938 TI - A single cell marker of active NK cytotoxicity: only a fraction of target binding lymphocytes are killer cells. AB - The frequency of cytotoxic NK cells has been directly measured. The cytotoxic assay is performed by preparing conjugates of effector cells bound to target cells and assessing under the microscope target cell lysis by the trypan blue dye exclusion test. With Ficoll-Hypaque purified cells, it was found that 11--13% of lymphocytes formed conjugates with K562 or Molt-4 target cells, but only 3--4% of the total lymphocytes actually killed. Thus, the NK cell's ability to bind targets cannot be equated to the ability to kill. The nature of the noncytotoxic binding lymphocytes is discussed. The kinetics of lysis by NK cells show a random distribution of killing in relationship to time and plateaus at 3--4 hours. The frequency of killing is the same for a wide variety of populations tested at different times. We conclude that some of the target binding cells are antigen specific NK cells that can be converted to cytotoxic natural killer cells. PMID- 7205940 TI - A membrane-bound fluorescent probe to detect phospholipid vesicle-cell fusion. PMID- 7205939 TI - Separation and properties of lymphocytes obtained from the central nervous system. AB - To study immune responses in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) we have devised a method of removing lymphocytes from brain and spinal cord. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced in adult Hartley guinea pigs to produce CNS inflammation. Brain and cervical spinal cord were removed and minced. The single-cell suspension was centrifuged on a modified Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. Lymphocytes passed through to the pellet, while brain cells stayed at the top of the gradient. An average of 1.7 x 10(6) lymphocytes was obtained from a single guinea pig brain and cervical spinal cord. When the CNS lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or purified protein derivative (PPD) proliferative responses were obtained. No proliferative responses occurred when CNS lymphocytes were cultured with myelin basic protein. Using this technique, viable lymphocytes can be separated from inflamed CNS and can be cultured in vitro to measure cell-mediated immune responses. PMID- 7205941 TI - Na+-dependent sugar transport in a cultured epithelial cell line from pig kidney. AB - A Na+-dependent hexose transport system with similar characteristics that observed in the kidney is retained in a cultured epithelial cell line from pig kidney (LLC-PK1). The active transport of oc methyl-D-glucoside (oc MGP), a nonmetabolizable sugar, which shares the glucose-galactose transport system in kidney cells is mediated through a Na+-dependent, substrate-saturable process. The kinetic analysis of the effect of Na+ on the uptake of ocMGP indicated that the Na+-sugar cotransport system is an affinity type system in which the binding of either sugar or Na+ carrier increases the affinity for the other ligand without affecting the Vmax. The sequence of selectivity for different sugars studied by the inhibition produced in the uptake of ocMGP is very similar to that reported in rat kidney, rabbit kidney cortex slices, and rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles. Phlorizin, even at very low concentration, almost completely inhibits ocMGP uptake. Conversely, phloretin at the same low concentration stimulated the sugar accumulation by inhibition of efflux, probably at the level of the basolateral membrane. Sulfhydryl group inhibitors also blocked the ocMGP uptake, suggesting that these groups were required for normal functioning of the sugar carrier system. This sugar transport system is an important functional marker to study the molecular events associated with the development of polarization in epithelial cells. PMID- 7205942 TI - Uptake of glycine from L-alanylglycine into renal brush border vesicles. AB - Isolated renal brush border microvilli vesicles were employed to study the uptake of radiolabel from L-Ala. [3H]Gly and D-Ala.[3H]Gly as well as to determine the presence of dipeptidase activity. Microvilli vesicles were prepared from porcine kidney cortex by differential centrifugation through hypotonic Tris buffer containing Mg2+. The microvilli vesicles transiently accumulated radiolabel from L-Ala. [3H]Gly to higher levels than were initially present in the incubation medium (overshoot phenomenon). This accumulation was dependent on the presence of an inward-directed (extravesicular greater than intravesicular) Na+ gradient and was osmotically sensitive and linear with respect to microvilli protein concentration. Analysis of intravesicular contents revealed that all 3H uptake from L-Ala. [3H]Gly appeared as free glycine. Hydrolysis studies demonstrated the rate of L-Ala.[3H]Gly hydrolysis to free alanine and [3H[glycine by the microvilli to be greatly in excess of their rate of radiolabel uptake from this dipeptide. In addition, the uptake profiles and kinetic constants for vesicular uptake of radiolabel from L-Ala.[3H]Gly and free glycine were demonstrated to be identical when measured by double-labeling techniques in the same experiments. These results indicate that L-Ala.[3H]Gly is hydrolyzed at the external surface of the microvilli with the [3H]glycine released being transported into the vesicles by a Na+ gradient-dependent system identical to that employed for free glycine. Microvilli vesicle uptake of radiolabel from D-Ala.[3H]Gly exhibited no Na+ dependent "over-shoot" effect. D-Ala.[3H]Gly was completely resistant to microvilli-catalyzed hydrolysis. Analysis of the microvilli for renal dipeptidase, an enzyme with hydrolytic activity against a wide range of L dipeptides, revealed this enzyme to be enriched in the microvilli vesicles to a degree equivalent to that observed for marker enzymes for renal microvilli. Renal dipeptidase catalyzed hydrolysis of L-Ala.Gly but not D-Ala.Gly, as was the case with microvilli-catalyzed hydrolysis of the dipeptides. With its location in the renal brush border microvilli and its hydrolytic action against L-dipeptides, renal dipeptidase my act at the luminal surface of the proximal tubule cell to hydrolyze L-dipeptides present in the glomerular filtrate, with the resultant free amino acids transported across the brush border microvilli by Na+ gradient dependent processes. PMID- 7205943 TI - The link between metabolism and active transport of sodium in human red cell ghosts. AB - Reconstituted human red blood cell ghosts have been used to assay various metabolic intermediates for their role in driving the Na:K pump. ATP was identified as the primary substrate of the pump. The main evidence was based on 1) the finding that the only requirement for activation of the pump was the presence of ATP, whether incorporated directly or generated by an ATP-yielding reaction; 2) the discriminating effects of various metabolic inhibitors; 3) the competition between the pump and hexokinase reaction for ATP; and 4) the difference in effects of adenosine and inosine in activating the pump in energy depleted ghosts. ADP was found to affect the Na:K pump due to the presence of an adenylate kinase and perhaps because of an effect on the phosphoryl potential. The sidedness of action of the cardiotonic steroid, strophanthidin, was evaluated and found to inhibit the Na:K pump only from the outside of the membrane. Inhibition of the pump by strophanthidin was also found to spare ATP in reconstituted ghosts provided the nonspecific phosphatase activity was suppressed. PMID- 7205944 TI - Energetic problems of the transport of amino acids in Ehrlich cells. PMID- 7205945 TI - Intrinsic segments of band 3 that are associated with anion transport across red blood cell membranes. AB - After treatment of red cell ghosts with chymotrypsin, the predominant intrinsic peptides remaining in the membrane fraction are 15,000 and 9,000 daltons mol wt. After partial extraction with Triton X-100, the residual membrane vesicles have almost no other stained peptides and such vesicles are reported to carry out anion transport activities sensitive to specific inhibitors. In vesicles derived from cells treated with DIDS(4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid), an irreversible inhibitor of anion transport that is highly localized in an abundant intrinsic protein known as band 3, the probe is largely recovered in the 15,000 dalton peptide. The part of band 3 from which it is derived is a previously reported 17,000 transmembrane segment (Steck, T.L., Ramos, R., Strapazon, E., 1976, Biochemistry 15:1154). The 9,000-dalton peptide is present in the vesicles in a one-to-one mole ratio with the 15,000-dalton peptide, suggesting that both are derived from the same protein. This conclusion is supported by the finding that the 35,000-dalton C-terminal end of band 3, derived by chymotrypsin treatment of cells, is further proteolysed if the cells are converted to ghosts and its disappearance coincides with the appearance of the 9,000-dalton fragment. Evidence is presented that the 9,000-dalton fragment crosses the bilayer and that it is closely associated with the 15,000-dalton peptide. PMID- 7205946 TI - Calcium uptake and release by rat liver mitochondria in the presence of rat liver cytosol or the components of cytosol. AB - A study has been made of factors present in rat liver cytosol that might regulate the calcium content of mitochondria. A cytosol preparation containing all the components of molecular weight greater than 10,000 prevented uptake and caused early release of accumulated calcium. These effects were due to free long-chain fatty acids and their coenzyme A derivatives present in the cytosol, and these inhibitory effects were controlled by inclusion of Mg2+, carnitine, and adenosine triphosphate at physiological levels in the incubation medium. Palmitoyl carnitine was a good substrate for calcium uptake and did not cause release of calcium from mitochondria. A specific fatty acid-binding protein was found in cytosol which may be the intracellular transport protein for fatty acids. PMID- 7205949 TI - Diagnostic ultrasound in the evaluation of abdominal abscess. PMID- 7205947 TI - Potassium contractures and mechanical activation in mammalian skeletal muscles. AB - Potassium (K-) contractures were recorded from slow-twitch (mouse soleus and fast twitch (mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and rat sternomastoid) muscles. The mouse limb muscles responded to a maintained increase in external potassium concentration with a rapid increase in tension (fast contracture) which inactivated and was followed by a slow contracture. Rat sternomastoid muscles responded with fast contractures only. The threshold potassium concentration for contraction was higher in fast-twitch muscles than in soleus muscles, at 22 and at 37 degrees C. After corrections had been made for the more rapid depolarization of soleus fibers, the threshold potential for soleus fiber contraction was 15mV closer to the resting membrane potential than the threshold for fast-twitch fiber contraction. The K-contracture results were confirmed by two microelectrode voltage-clamp experiments. Activation of fast twitch fibers required depolarizing pulses that were 15 to 20mV greater than the pulses required to activate soleus fibers. When the time courses of K-contractures were compared it was evident that inactivation with prolonged depolarization was much faster in the fast-twitch muscles than in the soleus muscles. The results suggest that the voltage dependence and kinetics of the process coupling T-tubule depolarization with calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum may depend on fiber atype in mammalian skeletal muscle. PMID- 7205948 TI - Acromegaly. PMID- 7205950 TI - Ultrastructure of an undifferentiated neoplasm. PMID- 7205951 TI - Acquired tracheo-esophageal fistula resulting from blunt trauma. PMID- 7205952 TI - Serum growth factors for rat cardiac non-muscle cells in culture. PMID- 7205953 TI - Altered cardiac automaticity and conduction in experimental diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7205954 TI - Prophylaxis by taurine in the hearts of cardiomyopathic hamsters. PMID- 7205955 TI - Sodium-calcium exchange in mammalian myocardium: the effects of lithium. PMID- 7205956 TI - Calcium tolerance of isolated rat heart cells. PMID- 7205957 TI - The relationship of ischemic contracture of vascular reperfusion in the isolated rat heart. PMID- 7205959 TI - Electrical properties of cultured heart cell reaggregates from newborn rat ventricles: comparison with intact non-cultured ventricles. PMID- 7205958 TI - Altered metabolism and function of rat heart following chronic low level cadmium/lead feeding. PMID- 7205960 TI - Actions of extracellular acidosis on primary cultures of rat myocardial cells deprived of oxygen and glucose. PMID- 7205962 TI - Canine myocardial ischemia: increased mitochondrial cholesterol, a marker of mitochondrial membrane injury. PMID- 7205961 TI - Lack of effect of neuraminidase on responses of isolated guinea-pig heart preparations to ouabain. PMID- 7205963 TI - Proton generation and control during anaerobic glycolysis in heart cells. PMID- 7205964 TI - Theoretical foundations for quantitative paleogenetics. Part III: The molecular divergence of nucleic acids and proteins for the case of genetic events of unequal probability. PMID- 7205967 TI - Adverse reaction of the apparently healthy partner in response to improvement in the overtly dysfunctional partner. AB - The increase in the number of couples and individuals seeking sex therapy is yielding an increase in the variety as well as number of therapeutic complications. We wish to discuss briefly one complication: the development of emotional and sexual disability in the seemingly healthy member of a couple in treatment as the dysfunctional partner "gets well." The disruption is serious enough to require separate treatment. Our experience with this phenomenon underscores the importance of flexibility on the part of the therapist since it may be necessary to institute individual therapy to avoid overwhelming the new decompensating partner. Examples are provided, and recommendations for management offered. PMID- 7205965 TI - Catalysis of peptide bond formation by histidyl-histidine in a fluctuating clay environment. AB - The condensation of glycine to form oligoglycines during wet-dry fluctuations on clay surfaces was enhanced up to threefold or greater by small amounts of histidyl-histidine. In addition, higher relative yields of the longer oligomers were produced. Other specific dipeptides tested gave no enhancement, and imidazole, histidine, and N-acetylhistidine gave only slight enhancements. Histidyl-histidine apparently acts as a true catalyst (in the sense of repeatedly catalyzing the reaction), since up to 52 nmol of additional glycine were incorporated into oligoglycine for each nmol of catalyst added. This is the first known instance of a peptide or similar molecule demonstrating a catalytic turnover number greater than unity in a prebiotic oligomer synthesis reaction, and suggests that histidyl-histidine is a model for a primitive prebiotic protoenzyme. Catalysis of peptide bond synthesis by a molecule which is itself a peptide implies that related systems may be capable of exhibiting autocatalytic growth. PMID- 7205966 TI - Conceptual suggestions for outcome research in sex therapy. AB - This paper makes two basic conceptual suggestions that may encourage more meaningful studies of the effectiveness of sex therapy: (1) Dysfunctions consist of deficits of one or more of the basic components of sexual life: desire, arousal, orgasm, emotional satisfaction. (2) There are three distinct perspectives for determining therapeutic success--(a) reversal of the target component deficit, (b) absence of all of an individual's component deficits, and (c) absence of all component deficits in both partners. Follow-up data should be classified according to each perspective and presented separately. The "cure" rates diminish as the criteria for success become more stringent--i.e., moving from the first to the third perspective. The use of these perspectives highlights the strengths and limitations of current treatment techniques. PMID- 7205969 TI - Couple interactional classification of sexual dysfunction--a new theoretical conceptualization. AB - Sex therapists traditionally speak of the couple's relationship as "the patient." However, existing diagnostic classifications prove to be random lists of dysfunctions and are unrelated to the dyad as a couple. Each partner is classified independently and out of context of the dyad on the basis of lists of male/female dysfunctions. A merging of gynecosexological and behavioral psychosexological approaches has led us to develop a new holistic classification- and, what we believe to be, a more rational one--of sexual dysfunctions. It is based on a ranking of the disorders according to the seriousness of the disruption to the dyad's functioning as a couple. The sexual dysfunctions are classified according to the degree of stress activated within the couple's relationship, thus enabling the therapist, from the beginning, to develop rapport and increased motivation by the clients, which will positively affect the therapeutic outcome, even in the so-called serious cases. PMID- 7205968 TI - Transvestism: previous findings and new areas for inquiry. AB - The transvestite is a heterosexual fetishistic cross-dresser. The phenomenology of the disorder reveals individuals to be heterosexual males who have usually married and fathered children. The course of the disorder is unknown. Many transvestites note genital arousal from cross-dressing abates, yet continue episodically to wear women's clothes. A small segment of these individuals become gender dysphoric and seek sexual reassignment. Etiologic explanations include pregenital psychopathology in the genesis of the condition. The treatment for transvestism remains disappointing although behavior modification may offer individuals who wish to change their transvestitic behavior some hope. This review suggests new areas for inquiry and possible research strategies. PMID- 7205970 TI - Sex therapy in an in-patient and out-patient setting. AB - This paper summarizes the experience with sex therapy in an in-patient ward for neurotics (N = 82), where it could be combined with interpersonally oriented group psychotherapy in a therapeutic community setting. Outcome data are compared with an out-patient form of sex therapy, used in several counseling centers (N = 111). The in-patient form of therapy had a success rate of 76% at completion of treatment and 52% after a follow-up period of 15 months. The out-patient therapy was successful in 71% but no follow-up was carried out. Almost 50% of the couples who originally started therapy dropped out. Three illustrative successful cases are described. PMID- 7205971 TI - Cognitive factors in sexual behavior. AB - Two major forms of cognitive behaviors are examined: perceptions and evaluations. By synthesizing the work of cognitive therapists such as Beck and Ellis, a feedback-loop model of sexual arousal is proposed. It is suggested that cognitive distortions of perception and evaluation operate in most cases of sexual dysfunction. Therefore, a more specific diagnostic schema and a more relevantly planned course of treatment may be designed by pinpointing the troublesome cognitive linkages between sexual stimuli and sexual responses. PMID- 7205972 TI - Misdiagnosis of black patients with manic depressive illness: second in a series. AB - In a previous article (J Natl Med Assoc 72(2): 141, 1980), the authors proposed that, despite several attempts to lay to rest the myth that blacks do not demonstrate similar prevalence rates of manic depressive illness when compared to whites, many black patients with manic depressive illness are frequently misdiagnosed. In a survey of the outpatient psychiatric clinic at Jackson Park Hospital, it was found that black patients in this clinic have similar prevalence rates of manic depressive illness when compared to surveys of white patient populations. In addition, it was found that the demographic characteristics of this subgroup of manic depressive patients were very similar to those found in white manic depressive patients. Yet, when the past histories of these black manic depressive patients were reviewed, there were large numbers of patients who received a diagnosis of schizophrenia and, thus, were not considered for treatment with lithium. PMID- 7205973 TI - Use of citrate agar electrophoresis in evaluation of antisickling agents. AB - Hemoglobin S (Hb S), treated with antisickling agents which interfere with gel formation, has been found to migrate on citrate agar electrophoresis in a manner similar to Hb A or Hb F. This finding suggests a rapid and inexpensive method for screening potential antisickling compounds of the types which interfere with gelation. This investigation has also led to an improved understanding of the molecular basis of citrate agar electrophoresis and to the realization that agar itself may contain a natural antisickling agent. PMID- 7205974 TI - I-125 implant of the prostate: a new technique. AB - Retropubic I-125 implantation of the prostate at the time of suprapubic extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy is a well-established method of treatment for stages B(2) and early C prostatic cancer. However, there are some technical disadvantages with the retropubic I-125 implant technique, such as inadequate space for proper placement of the needles; bleeding, uncontrollable at times, from the periprostatic venous plexus secondary to insertion of needles into the prostate; and superficial wound infection due to inadvertent puncturing of the bladder and/or rectum by the needles. In this paper the authors describe a new technique which eliminates the technical problems associated with retropubic I 125 implantation of the prostate. PMID- 7205975 TI - Reviewing cancer in American blacks: a Baltimore study. AB - Rates for the incidence and mortality of cancer have greatly increased in American blacks as they has been assimilated into Western culture. There are many apparent causes for this change, and perhaps one factor is the mixing of genetic backgrounds to produce a single population. Heightened rates may be stemmed, however, by directing greater attention to prevention of cancer by elimination of carcinogens from the environment. PMID- 7205976 TI - Maternal mortality in a semi-urban Nigerian community. PMID- 7205978 TI - Acute osteomyelitis of the pubic bone following pelvic surgery. AB - Primary osteomyelitis of the pubic bone has not been recorded previously. The authors present a case of this unusual entity. PMID- 7205977 TI - Who's on first? Anatomy of the federal response to drug abuse. AB - Organizational issues inevitably have a crucial impact on policy development, particularly in drug issues. Consequently, an evaluation of the organizational framework of federal efforts was conducted. Based on this examination, innumerable federal agencies which have authority in drug abuse exist in all three branches of government. Unfortunately, this has resulted in many areas of duplication and in arbitrarily drawn lines of responsibilities. Furthermore, the organization of federal drug efforts reflects commonly held misconceptions about the use of psychoactive substances and policy contradictions between economic and public health aspects of the usage of these substances. Finally, the coordination of federal drug efforts remains ill-defined. PMID- 7205979 TI - Hypozincemia, ageusia, dysosmia, and toilet tissue pica. AB - A 37-year-old female presented with complaints of ageusia, dysosmia, fatigue, and toilet tissue pica. She was found to have hypozincemia and iron deficiency anemia. Her complaints quickly abated when treated with oral zinc and iron. PMID- 7205980 TI - Phencyclidine hydrochloride: a challenge to medicine. PMID- 7205982 TI - Parenting in urban America. PMID- 7205981 TI - Leucopenia and thrombocytopenia with cimetidine. PMID- 7205984 TI - Racism and the narcissistic personality. PMID- 7205983 TI - Do we have a stake in Southern Africa? PMID- 7205985 TI - Prenatal detection of inherited disorders. AB - The following is a review of current concepts of prenatal detection. Transabdominal amniocentesis is recognized to be an integral adjunct to prenatal care. The analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells collected at about 16 weeks of gestation provides in utero diagnosis of nearly all chromosomal aberration syndromes, several metabolic disorders which are due to a specific enzymic deficiency due to single gene disorders, and some multifactorial disorders, such as prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects by estimation of alphafeto protein in amniotic fluid. Various aspects of amniocentesis are discussed. PMID- 7205986 TI - Ethnic, racial, and social class factors in mental health. AB - A review of the literature reveals that minorities have generally tended to be excluded from the scholarly evaluation of social class factors in alcoholism, drug abuse, and mental illness. When minorities were considered, they were too often misunderstood in terms of the negative stereotypes that not only prevail in society, but also influence professionals. When scholarly studies have been done to see what happens to minority patients in treatment, the findings usually indicate unequal treatment which has not considered the specific subcultural backgrounds and needs of this group. The authors emphasize the need for better studies of epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and utilization relating to the minorities and lower classes. PMID- 7205987 TI - Estrogen binding and estrogen receptor activity in the human prostate: a preliminary report. AB - Assay of estrogen receptor activity in prostates from patients who ranged in age from 22 to 78 years and had not received any previous hormonal therapy was carried out by incubation of cytosols with (3)H-estradiol in the presence and absence of excess, nonradioactive estradiol. Hyperplastic prostatic tissues were used in the study. The kinetics of each reaction were studied and analysis of the data revealed 3.4 to 35.7 femtomoles of receptor protein per mg of cytosol protein; the dissociation constants obtained from a Scatchard plot ranged from 1.1 * 10(-10) to 1.2 * 10(-8)M.The small number of patients prevents realistic quantitative assessment of the apparent estrogen binding activity demonstrated in these preliminary studies, but the qualitative identification of such activity provides possible grounds for further insight into the hormonal mechanisms in the pathophysiology of prostatic diseases and of their responses to endocrine therapy. PMID- 7205988 TI - Cholelithiasis: a differential diagnosis in abdominal "crisis" of sickle cell anemia. AB - A review of the most recent literature on biliary tract disease in sickle cell (HbSS) disease has shown gallstones to be present in approximately 67 percent of affected patients. There is adequate evidence to urge all physicians to be aware of the contributions of gall bladder disease to the abdominal symptoms of sickle cell anemia. Frequently, because it is difficult to distinguish between the painful "crises" and gall bladder disease, the latter diagnosis is not considered.This article submits that investigative procedures of the gall bladder, in all patients with HbSS disease and abdominal crises, should be performed. If gallstones are present, elective cholecystectomy in the adequately prepared patient seems to be justified. PMID- 7205989 TI - Acute low-dose hydralazine induced lupus syndrome (HILS). AB - A case of acute hydralazine induced lupus syndrome is described. No case has previously been described in which a small daily dose and a small accumulation dose have evoked this syndrome in such a short period of time. A pertinent and selective review of this syndrome is presented. The need for awareness of this syndrome manifesting in a patient exposed to small doses of hydralazine for short periods of time is emphasized. PMID- 7205990 TI - Helpful hints to lessen risk of a malpractice suit. PMID- 7205991 TI - High-affinity uptake system for cysteine in crude synaptosomal fractions of rat cerebral cortex. AB - The in vitro uptake of [35S] cysteine was studied in crude synaptosomal preparation of the cerebral cortex of rat. The accumulation of cysteine was found to be temperature- and time-dependent. It was linear at least for four minutes at 37 C with characteristics of saturable kinetics. Uptake of cysteine was Na+- and K+-dependent. Increasing the Na+ ion concentration increased the accumulation of cysteine in synaptosomal preparations; unlike the Na+ ion, an increase was accumulated against concentration gradients by a saturable mechanism. Double reciprocal plot of the cysteine uptake suggests two types of affinity systems, with Km values for the high-affinity uptake of about 12.2 microM and for the low affinity uptake of about 4 mM. The high-affinity uptake was also significantly inhibited by ouabain, a potent inhibitor of the Na+-K+-dependent ATPase, and other metabolic inhibitors. The results of the effects of cysteine analogues and uptake also suggested that it is a substrate-specific high-affinity uptake system for cysteine. PMID- 7205992 TI - Poly(A)- and nonpoly(A)-RNA associated with rat brain microsomal fractions: in vivo labelling studies. AB - The time course of incorporation of radiolabelled precursor into RNA associated with rat brain free polyribosomes, rough membranes, and smooth membranes was measured following a single intracranial injection of [3H] orotic acid. Polyadenylated RNAs were separated from nonpolyadenylated RNAs by affinity chromatography on oligo (dT)-cellulose columns. Poly(A)-RNA associated with each of the microsomal fractions became more rapidly labelled than did the nonpoly(A) RNA of the same fractions. While the labelling profiles of the nonpoly(A)-RNA isolated from the polyribosomes and rough membranes are similar from one fraction to another, the specific radioactivity of the poly(A)-RNA isolated from free polyribosomes increased much more drastically than that of the poly(A)-RNA associated with rough membranes. The labelling profiles of RNA species isolated from smooth membranes were very different in this respect from the two ribosomal fractions. There was a lag of more than four hours before significant label appeared in the RNA associated with the smooth membrane fraction. These studies demonstrate that the different populations of brain microsomal RNA are labelled at different rates, perhaps reflecting differences in the turnover of these RNAs and differences in their function. PMID- 7205993 TI - Cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity as an index of taurine-containing structures. AB - The distribution of cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) activity has been studied for some time on the assumption that this activity was a marker for taurine-containing structures in the CNS. We have found that various in vivo and in vitro treatments of CNS tissues result in parallel changes in the activities of CSAD and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). This suggests that the assay for CSAD is in fact measuring predominantly GAD activity. This hypothesis is tested by lesion, regional distribution, kinetic, inhibitor, and stability studies. PMID- 7205994 TI - In vitro evidence of photoreception in the chick pineal gland and its interaction with the circadian clock controlling N-acetyltransferase (NAT). AB - The response of the circadian rhythm in N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity to phase-shifted light cycles was examined in vitro in explant cultures of chick (Gallus domesticus) pineal glands. Bisected portions of glands, obtained from birds housed in a light-dark cycle (LD 12:12), were explanted into culture and maintained under one of three light cycles (LD 12:12), the phase of which was either 1) similar to that of the birds' previous cycle, 2) seven hours phase delayed, or 3) six hours phase-advanced. Following two to three days of exposure to the respective light cycles, cultures were placed into continuous darkness (DD). Sampling from cultures during exposure to DD revealed a circadian rhythm of NAT activity. In each case, the phase of the subsequent rhythm of enzyme activity in DD reflected that of the preceding in vitro light cycle. A distinct phase difference of approximately 180 degrees was observed between cultures exposed to opposite lighting regimes. These results indicate entrainment of the circadian rhythm of NAT activity to the prevailing in vitro light cycle and suggest a direct interaction between pineal photoreception and the circadian "clock" controlling NAT. PMID- 7205995 TI - A sensitive radioenzymatic assay for catechol drugs. AB - This assay measures picogram quantities of catechol drugs and endogenous catecholamines in body tissues and fluids. The catechols are converted to their 3H-O-methyl metabolites during incubation with 3H-S-adenosylmethionine then separated by solvent extraction and thin-layer chromatography. Most drugs containing the catechol structure can be radiolabeled and separated from norepinephrine and epinephrine by this technique to provide simultaneous measurement of endogenous and exogenously administered catechols. The disposition of isoproterenol in tissues and fluids of man and experimental animals is measured to illustrate the utility of this assay. The reactivity of several commonly administered catechol drugs with COMT is described and the possible implications discussed. PMID- 7205997 TI - Clearance of intravenously injected colloidal carbon from peripheral blood in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs. AB - The clearance of intravenously injected colloidal carbon from the peripheral blood was investigated in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs. The blood clearance of carbon was more rapid in the young than in the old for all the species examined. A biphasic clearance curve was observed in the dogs of all age groups tested, and in the rabbits of 8 and 16 weeks old. The rate of colloidal carbon clearance was slower in the rabbits than in other three species. PMID- 7205996 TI - Spatial distribution of catecholaminergic cells in the fish retina. AB - The cell density, distribution pattern, and morphology of catecholaminergic (CA) cells have been studied by fluorescence microscopy of retinal flat-mounted preparations from various species of fresh water, estuary, and marine is lowest in the central region surrounding the optic disc, slightly higher in the intermediate region, and highest in the periphery. The size of CA-cells is smaller the higher their density. Following administration of L-Dopa, dompamine, or noradrenaline, the density of CA-cells approximately doubled, due to the appearance of small fluorescent cells. CA-cells are arranged in rows along radial lines which fan out from the optic disc. In large cells of the central and intermediate regions three to five processes arise from the some and extend and ramify irregularly in the inner plexiform layer, while in small cells from the intermediate and peripheral regions two processes arise from opposite poles and extend regularly in a direction perpendicular to the rows of cells and parallel to the retinal margin. In the retina of the marine fish Holocentrus sp CA-cells are fewer in number compared to other fish studied and their processes extend without any regular pattern. In the toad their size and density are homogenous throughout the retina, and their processes show a regular arrangement. PMID- 7205998 TI - The relation between mercury levels in brain and blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after mercury exposure. AB - Rabbits were exposed to elemental mercury (Hg degrees) vapor, methyl mercury (MeHg) and HgCl2 respectively, and the relationship of mercury concentration in brain to that in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was investigated after the termination of exposure. At one day post-exposure, the ratio of mercury concentration in brain (microgram Hg/g) to that in blood (microgram Hg/g) was approximately 10.0 in Hg degrees vapor, 0.6 in HgCl2 and 3.0 in MeHg. The ratio for Hg degrees vapor was about 10 times higher than that for HgCl2. In rabbits exposed to Hg degrees vapor, the ratios of mercury concentration in blood to brain or CSF to brain at 1 day and 20 days after the termination of exposure were compared. The blood to brain ratio showed a decrease to about 1/10 after 20 days, and the CSF to brain ratio, a decrease of about 1/2. The results obtained seems to suggest that mercury is eliminated from the blood and CSF more rapidly than from the brain. In the case of rabbits administrated MeHg, the ratio of mercury concentration in blood to that in brain was almost unchanged at both 1 day and 20 days after the termination of exposure. There did not seem to be any differences in the rates of elimination from blood and brain. The elimination of mercury from CSF was more rapid than from brain because the ratio between the mercury concentration of CSF to that of brain showed a decrease to about 1/3 after 20 days. PMID- 7205999 TI - The 7th meeting for the study of toxic effect. Abstracts. PMID- 7206000 TI - Influence of impact velocity on the severity of nonpenetrating hepatic injury. AB - The effect on nonpenetrating hepatic injury of varying impact velocity was investigated in a series of abdominal impact experiments with rabbits. In these tests, a constant level of 16% anterposterior compression was produced by a flat aluminum disc driven by a pneumatic impactor at velocities of 5 to 20 m/s to investigate an impulsive as opposed to a crushing mechanism of injury. Laceration of the liver regularly occurred for impact velocity and available energy greater than 12 m/s and 9.1 joules, respectively (p less than 0.01). In addition, a gradation of hepatic injury, probably caused by local strain energy density in the soft tissue, was observed through the range of impact velocity, i.e., minor subcapsular contusion at low velocity to extensive deep laceration and hemoperitoneum at high velocity. With impact applied only to the abdomen, there were associated thoracic and renal injuries at impact velocities greater than 14 m/s. The Abbreviated Injury Scale (1) was extended for classification and quantification of injury. The peak reactive force, peak esophageal pressure, and impulse transfer increased with impact velocity. It appears that there may be two regions of biomechanical response, one at 12 m/s or below, and one at greater than 12 m/s. PMID- 7206001 TI - Experimental spinal cord trauma: potentiation by alcohol. AB - The effect of alcohol on the injured spinal cord in cats is assessed by use of a standardized trauma model at both nonparaplegic and paraplegic trauma forces. Prior administration of an intoxicant dose of ethyl alcohol resulted in a potentiation of the trauma response at the 100 gm-cm and 260 gm-cm contusion levels. No significant changes were noted at the higher trauma grades. The results suggest that alcohol acts synergistically with mechanical injury of the spinal cord to amplify the trauma response by increasing edema formation within the contused tissue. The mechanism by which this potentiation may occur ar possibly in the areas of antidiuresis and fluid retention from increased tissue hydration in alcohol-treated animals. PMID- 7206002 TI - Hemolysis following thermal injury and depression of reticuloendothelial system phagocytic function. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that the injection of homologous hemolyzed blood, and reticuloendothelial system (RES) clearance of the erythrocyte membrane debris, depress RES phagocytic function and increase shock susceptibility. This study was carried out to determine if the degree of intravascular hemolysis following experimental thermal injury was comparable to the dose of hemolyzed blood required to depress RES function. The IV injection of graded doses of hemolyzed blood into rats demonstrated that 0.2 mg/100 gm of hemolyzed blood was the minimum dose of hemolyzed blood which would cause an RES depression. This volume of hemolyzed was equivalent to 2.8% of the blood volume of the animals studied. Hemolysis was assessed from the plasma hemoglobin and blood volume following graded thermal injury in anesthetized animals. Thermal injury which caused an 80% mortality rate was associated with the acute hemolysis of 3.1% of the blood sufficient erythrocyte membrane debris to induce RES depression and therapy impair host defense. PMID- 7206003 TI - Helping the patient cope with the sequelae of trauma through the self-help group approach. AB - Trauma Recovery is a developing organization which focuses on the psychosocial concerns of those recovering from multiple trauma. Utilizing the self-help group concept, recovering trauma patients participate in a program which enables of their injuries. Components of the program include group counseling, education, socialization, and outreach to others in similar circumstances. PMID- 7206004 TI - Patterns in the excretion of muscle markers after trauma and orthopedic surgery. AB - The urinary output of 3-methylhistidine (3-MeHis), creatinine, creatine, and zinc has been followed in 13 patients after accidental injuries and in nine patients undergoing elective orthopedic operations. The accidental injuries were classified by their Injury Severity Score (ISS) and according to the amount of muscle damage by the method of Grant and Reeve (15). The latter method gave two groups, (I) "very severe," and (II) "severe." The changes in the urine were not related to ISS. The initial output of 3-MeHis and zinc was greater in Group I than in Group II or in patients after total hip replacement, in whom muscle damage was least. The pattern of excretion of the excess 3-MeHis in Group I and after hip replacement suggested that it was derived from the breakdown of muscle injured in the accident or operation. Only in Group II and after total knee replacement were there additional changes which could be attributed to a generalized increase in muscle breakdown, said to be typical of the post traumatic "flow" phase, e.g., the simultaneous increase in the output of all four muscle markers, to a peak about 6 days after the injury. In these patients the relative importance of muscle at the injury site and elsewhere is not clear. The most constant changes after accidental or operative trauma were delayed increased in the excretion of creatine and zinc. These changes, and the abnormality of the 3-MeHis/creatinine ratio, showed that alterations in muscle metabolism could persist for long periods after trauma. PMID- 7206005 TI - Serum CPK isoenzyme BB as an indicator of brain tissue damage following head injury. AB - In a study of 209 patients who had serum drawn for assay of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzymes, an attempt was made to correlate elevation of CPK brain fraction (BB) with occurrence of brain injury and to evaluate its sensitivity as an indicator of the presence of brain damage. Thirty-three patients had suffered serious head trauma. However, of the ten patients in coma, only three had elevated serum CPK-BB levels. Twenty-four of the other 176 patients who had no history and head injury also had positive BB fractions. Serum CPK-BB level was therefore an unreliable indicator of the extent of brain damage. PMID- 7206006 TI - Subluxation and dislocation of the hip: a complication following hip pinning. AB - In 11 subluxations and four dislocations of the hip, following the internal fixation of intracapsular or intertrochanteric fractures, sepsis was proved in 12. Subluxations were diagnosed radiographically between 2 and 26 months following injury. Dislocations occurred following unstable intertrochanteric fractures, stabilized by valgus reduction, medial displacement, and osteotomy of the greater trochanter, and were diagnosed between 10 days and 9 weeks post fracture. Treatment alternatives included implant removal, resection arthroplasty, and replacement arthroplasty in selected cases. PMID- 7206007 TI - The consequences of intravenous clofibrate and its implications in the treatment of fat embolism. AB - Intravenously administered clofibrate has previously been used in treating experimental fat embolism. In the present study, this procedure was found to produce a syndrome identical to classical experimental fat embolism syndrome. Following the intravenous injection of clofibrate, and the lungs of rats became hemorrhagic and edematous (increased weight) and contained fat globules (clofibrate emboli) when observed microscopically. Dosages of 100 to 0.88305 mul/100 gm body weight produced symptoms ranging from acute death due to massive embolism of lungs to a subclinical fat (clofibrate) embolism syndrome. PMID- 7206008 TI - Fractures of the femur secondary to low-velocity gunshot wounds. AB - Forty-three fractures of the shaft of the femur secondary to low-velocity gunshot wounds were evaluated to determine healing time, fracture alignment after healing, complications, and fracture characteristics. This study confirmed the previous reports of low infection rates and the need for minimal debridement for such fractures. The healing time was faster than that of closed fractures treated by similar means: the average healing time was 144.3 days. Alignment was easy to obtain and maintain, the average angular deformity being 5 degree or less with no rotational deformities. Three characteristic fracture types were noted: the double butterfly configuration of the shaft of the femur, the drill-hole fracture of the distal third of the femur as previously described experimentally, and a third type of fracture with an incomplete fracture secondary to the gunshot wound which acted as a stress riser with a resultant spiral fracture either proximal or distal to the impact site. PMID- 7206009 TI - Bone scintigraphy in trauma of the hand and wrist. AB - Bone scintigraphy utilizing Tc-99m phosphate compounds was valuable in the diagnosis of injuries of the hand and wrist in three patients in whom conventional roentgenograms and other investigations over several months were inconclusive. With appropriate patient selection, either positive or negative scans may be helpful in assessing trauma to the hand or wrist. Full clinical evaluation is necessary for accurate interpretation of hand and wrist bone scintigraphy in order that potential causes of false positive or false negative studies may be recognized. PMID- 7206010 TI - Severe "suction injury" due to implosion of an underwater camera casing: mechanism of injury. AB - The dynamics of a "suction injury" of soft tissues in a deep-sea diver caused by the implosion of a home-made camera casing at a depth of 40 m have been investigated. An unprotected rubber ring holding the window on the outside of the camera casing was apparently not sufficiently rigid to prevent the outward movement of the glass at the periphery and shattering inwards at the center as a result of pressure of 500 kg at a depth of 40 m. PMID- 7206011 TI - Myocardial necrosis and ventricular aneurysm following closed chest injury in a child. AB - A 4-year-old child is described who suffered an unsuspected myocardial contusion which led to the formation of a ventricular aneurysm 2 months after an automobile accident. Electrocardiography, thallium scanning, myocardial enzyme assays, two dimensional echocardiography and, when indicated, cardiac catheterization, may aid in the early diagnosis of cardiac contusions. In the patient presented, resection of the aneurysm 6 months postinjury was followed by elimination of almost all the mitral regurgitation originally present and good cardiovascular function. PMID- 7206012 TI - Anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint in a child. AB - An anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint in a 7-year-old boy is reported. The injury was incurred when the patient's arm was forcibly extended and internally rotated from behind while he was held in a prone position. The dislocation of the proximal humerus was reduced by gently lifting it into the glenoid, and immediate pain relief forward. A full active range of motion has resulted. PMID- 7206013 TI - Gray scale ultrasonography of a traumatic biliary cyst. AB - Traumatic hepatic biliary cysts, which occur when there is leakage after traumatic disruption of the biliary system, can be readily detected with hepatic sonography. Differentiation from other hepatic fluid collections can be made by percutaneous thin needle aspiration. Aspiration may have possible utility as a therapeutic modality. A case is presented in which Gray scale ultrasonography revealed a biliary cyst which was drained operatively and resolved. PMID- 7206014 TI - Blunt trauma to the common femoral artery. AB - A patient with blunt trauma to the groin presented with pain and swelling and was noted to have a bruit and thrill over his right femoral artery. Arteriogram revealed a tear of the endothelium of the common femoral artery. Nonoperative therapy was initiated with continued improvement such that repeat arteriogram 2 months later showed only minimal intimal irregularity, and at 1 year postinjury the patient was asymptomatic. PMID- 7206015 TI - Multiple systems organ failure: I. The basal state. PMID- 7206017 TI - Sanitation and Culex pipiens mosquitoes: a brief review. PMID- 7206016 TI - Unidirectional hybrid male sterility from crosses between species A and species B of the taxon Anopheles (Cellia) culicifacies Giles. AB - Crosses between species A females and species B males of the taxon Anopheles culicifacies give F1 males with undeveloped testes, reduced vasa deferentia, and apparently normal accessory glands. F1 males from the reciprocal cross, and F1 hybrid females from both reciprocal crosses are fertile, though their fertility is less than that of either parental species PMID- 7206018 TI - Enteric fever in childhood. AB - A detailed analysis of 117 cases of enteric fever in Nigerian children shows that fever, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea were the main presenting features. Disorders of sensorium occurred in 50%. Associated conditions and bizarre manifestations often delayed the diagnosis and this, coupled with complications such as intestinal haemorrhage and perforation, adversely affected the mortality which was 32% in this study. PMID- 7206019 TI - Renal ultrastructure in cortical necrosis following Russell's viper envenomation. AB - Electron microscopic examination of biopsy material from two patients with renal cortical necrosis following Russell's viper bite, showed extensive destruction of glomerular and tubular cells with haemorrhage into the glomerular urinary space and tubules. The non-selective cell destruction seen suggests an ischaemic aetiology and the presence of fibrin in the glomeruli indicates that the ischaemia may be due to intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7206021 TI - Hatching and subsequent cultivation of cysts of Giardia intestinalis in Diamond's medium. PMID- 7206020 TI - Radiology in the Middle East: a review of ten thousand cases. AB - The population of Sharjah, although racially mixed, consists of predominantly Arabs, or Asians recently arrived from the Indian Subcontinent. The spectrum of disease is very different from a typical UK practice and exhibits a marked lack of the so-called 'diseases of civilization'. Of local interest is skeletal and dental fluorosis. PMID- 7206022 TI - Histoplasmosis in the eastern Caribbean: a preliminary survey of the incidence of the infection. AB - A preliminary survey of the incidence of histoplasmosis in the eastern Caribbean was carried out. The percentages of positive histoplasmin skin test reactors in the populations studied were as follows: Barbados (4%), Trinidad (42%) and Guyana (29%). In Trinidad 69% of individuals under 60 had positive test. However a lower proportion (4%) had serological evidence of past infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. The organism was not isolated from the soil although it had been found previously in Trinidad. On this island five previously diagnosed cases of histoplasmosis were identified. The study confirmed the presence of the infection in the area and further investigations are suggested. PMID- 7206023 TI - Cancer of the oral cavity. AB - Between 1973 and 1975 inclusively, 75 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were seen in the Division of Radiation Oncology at Hopital Notre Dame. Of these, 10 patients not treated or incompletely treated were excluded from the results. Results are presented at four years for three modalities of treatment: 1) interstitial therapy: an ultimate local and regional control was obtained in 17 of the 19 patients treated (90 per cent); 2) combined therapy: this modality used with 21 patients, gave ultimate local and regional control of 71.3 per cent; 3) external radiotherapy: telecobalt therapy only was given to 25 patients, and the ultimate local and regional control rate was 52 per cent. The ultimate local/regional control of patients with neck involvement at diagnosis in 57 per cent vs 81 per cent in patients without neck disease. At four years 26 patients had died with disease and 46 per cent of these had distant metastasis. PMID- 7206024 TI - Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx. AB - Extramedullary plasmacytomas, indistinguishable histologically from multiple myeloma, are fairly uncommon tumors, which are most frequently located in the upper airways. However, the larynx is rarely involved. Ten per cent of reported cases have multiple lesions. The patient reported here had a plasmacytoma of the right false vocal cord which was removed by laryngofissure one month after irradiation treatment (50 Gy) since the tumor showed only a slight regression. Tonsillectomy was performed for another plasmacytoma of the left tonsil. The patient has now been followed for seven years, and there has been no evidence of systemic disease. PMID- 7206025 TI - Unique features of head and neck malignancies which relate to their management. AB - The unique features of head and neck malignancies which relate to their management have resulted in the development of a surgical specialty group for which training criteria have been established. Head and neck tumors are uniquely sensitivity to radiotherapy which provides the surgeon with an alternate method of therapy. They are easily visible and palpable so that the results of therapy can be readily assessed and appropriate treatment protocols developed. Tumors of the head and neck interfere with vital function and present major problems of reconstruction both for cosmetic and functional purposes. Patients with head and neck tumors are remarkably prone to develop second primary malignancies and to have other major physical problems which must be considered. The proper management of head and neck tumors requires a dedicated, knowledgeable team of physicians, nurses, and related personnel working under ideal conditions which allow for the consideration of all the factors uniquely related to malignant disease in the area. PMID- 7206026 TI - Non-neoplastic disorders of the parotid gland. AB - The parotid glands are subject to many pathological disorders other than neoplastic diseases. This large group of disorders is classified for the parotid glands into infectious, metabolic and endocrine, traumatic, congenital, and acquired cystic diseases. The other major salivary glands also can be affected by many of these conditions. In recent years more and more patients have been examined and treated who have had diseases classified according to our concepts. Surgical procedures are now commonly recommended for these groups of patients not only for diagnosis but for treatment as well. The microscopic examination of permanently prepared, stained excised tissues still remains the final diagnostic procedure in most patients in spite of more recently developed diagnostic techniques. Further, the well trained surgeon of today is in a position to assure the patient that permanent injury to the facial nerve trunk or to its branches is only a remote possibility. Lastly, our medical and surgical experiences are discussed in the following groups of patients: those with acute suppurative sialadenitis, those with acute abscess, those with chronic obstructive and non obstructive sialadenitis, those with traumatic lesions, those with congenital lesions, and those with acquired cystic lesions. PMID- 7206028 TI - Anesthesia and pediatric endoscopy. AB - An inhalation anesthetic technique applicable to all kinds of endoscopy in children is described. It provides maximum visualization for the endoscopist, permits pressurization of the airway, does not require exceptional or unusual skills, and can be successfully managed by an anesthetist utilizing universally recognized techniques of inhalation anesthesia. PMID- 7206029 TI - Auditory brainstem responses in patients with global cerebral insults. AB - Seventeen patients with global cerebral insults were tested with the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in order to determine the technical feasibility of this test in an intensive care unit (ICU) and to assess its value as a prognostic tool. Some difficulty with artifact was encountered, but interpretable responses were obtained in 23 out of 24 tests performed on these patients. A prognosis based on the ABR was possible in 16 patients and was correct in 14. A prognosis based on a clinical evaluation was possible in only four patients and was accurate in three of those four cases. ABRs appear technically feasible in an ICU environment and yield valuable prognostic information on comatose patients. PMID- 7206027 TI - Endotracheal artificial larynx -- preliminary report. AB - In experimental animals a one stage surgical procedure has been developed which at laryngectomy allows for the creation of a wide and patent tracheopharyngeal fistula. An endotracheal artificial larynx has been developed which has been found effective in prevention of aspiration in experimental animals. Bench studies indicate that an adequate voice probably can be obtained with this device. PMID- 7206030 TI - The sleep apnea syndrome. AB - Four patients with sleep apnea syndrome were seen at the Vancouver General Hospital within the last three years and are discussed in this paper. The history of recognition of the syndrome, the types of apnea, and method of evaluation using polysomnographic techniques are reviewed, and methods of treatment are outlined. PMID- 7206031 TI - Congenital labyrintho-tympanic fistula -- a recently recognized entity in children. AB - A case of congenital labyrintho-tympanic fistula is reported. The possible anatomical pathways and main clinical characteristics are discussed together with a review of the literature. Special emphasis is made for early recognition in children, of this entity without invasive forms of investigation, and the proper surgical approach via tympanotomy is described. PMID- 7206032 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of the temporal bone. AB - Hemangiopericytomas are uncommon soft tissue tumors. While their occurrence in sinuses and soft tissues around the ear is well documented, there are no reports of primary involvement of the temporal bone. This article discusses the case of a 21 year old patient who had a right temporal angioblastic meningioma resected and presented two years later with a hemangiopericytoma that extensively involved the right temporal bone and external auditory canal. In review, the "meningioma" had the same histological features as the auditory tumor and it was evident that both lesions resulted from the growth of a hemangiopericytoma arising from the intracranial aspect of the temporal bone. Electron microscopic examination of the tumor proved useful in making the diagnosis and in evaluating the cytological features that influence prognosis and treatment. Temporal bone involvement was a major problem and the opportunity is taken to document this rare occurrence and to discuss the biological behavior, pathological characteristics, and differential diagnosis of these neoplasms. PMID- 7206033 TI - Nasal reconstruction. AB - Nasal reconstruction has made significant advances over the past 50 years. Better evaluation of the defect with the concepts of primary and delayed reconstruction are reviewed. Reconstruction is superior to a prosthesis for heminasal and sub total defects, but in total nasal loss a prosthesis may be preferred. The many modalities of rehabilitation include local flaps, regional flaps, and support with autogenous cartilage, rib, or iliac bone grafts, used either alone or in combination, depending on the extent of the defect. PMID- 7206034 TI - Caloric screening tests. AB - The electronystagmograms on 400 sequential patients who completed bithermal caloric tests were examined. It was found that taking +/- 25 per cent as the limit for bithermal caloric testing and +/- 15 per cent for monothermal hot caloric testing, the hot caloric screen detected almost all patients who gave abnormal bithermal caloric test results without producing an excess of false positive results. Cold caloric screening tests were shown to be inaccurate enough to be unsatisfactory. When the speed of the slow phase was less than 11 degree per sec on either hot caloric test, cold calories were done even if the monothermal hot tests were the same, as a bilateral caloric reduction was sometimes detected. PMID- 7206035 TI - Facial nerve reconstruction. AB - A retrospective study on 21 patients who had a reconstruction of their facial nerve was undertaken by means of a new photographic method of evaluation. The average of recuperation results was 62.38 per cent. Eighty-five per cent of the patients achieved a good or excellent evaluation. The only individual parameter that showed some influence on the outcome of the surgery was the length of the graft. Compared with a short graft (smaller than or equal to 1 cm), the long graft (larger than or equal to 1 cm) is associated with better results. Good and excellent results appeared available for patients whose pre-operative palsy had lasted from 18 to 36 months. PMID- 7206036 TI - Clinical considerations in the interpretation of auditory brainstem response audiometry. AB - Auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry which monitors the electrical activity of the auditory nerve and brainstem nuclei, has provided a new technique in the diagnosis of neurological dysfunction and peripheral hearing deficits. Brainstem potentials consist of seven waves, each separated in latency by approximately one millisecond and each representing successively higher order neuron activity of the auditory pathway. The criteria used for ABR interpretation are based primarily on the latency of individual were peaks and their interpeak latencies. Due to its consistency and stability, the fifth wave has been considered prominent in the interpretation of auditory threshold sensitivity. Unfortunately, Wave V latency-intensity function may be affected by extrinsic and intrinsic variables. Consequently, in order to establish diagnostic criteria that are comparable, the elimination and/or control of these variables must be examined. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to report the effects of various pathological and nonpathological conditions which contribute to difference in ABR audiometry interpretation. PMID- 7206037 TI - Jugular foramen syndrome. AB - The jugular foramen syndrome (JFS) specifically refers to paralysis to the IX XIth cranial nerves. In a more general meaning, however, any combination of palsies affecting the last four cranial nerves has been referred to as a JFS. The anatomy of the jugular foramen and the structures which traverse it are reviewed. Two cases histories of a JFS are described; the first with chronic otitis media, and the second with a glomus tumor. A variety of neoplasms, vascular insults, infections, and trauma have been reported to cause JFS. Treatment is directed toward the underlying cause. A variety of radiological techniques which are useful in the investigation of JFS are outlined. PMID- 7206038 TI - Basic audiological and related services in the north -- the role of a native technician. AB - Over an 18 month period a native technician in the James Bay area was selected, trained, and supervised in the execution of certain audiological functions including record keeping, basic testing, hearing aid "trouble shooting", taking of impressions for moulds, and follow-up. The evidence indicates that this is an effective program which can supplement the occasional services of otolaryngologists and audiologists in the James Bay area. In particular, language barriers are overcome, there is continuity of care, and there is some indication of cost benefit. Recommendations are made for the continuance and possible expansion of this type of service. PMID- 7206039 TI - Bilateral partial intranasal ethmoidectomies. PMID- 7206040 TI - Medical adventure in Nepal. AB - In 1977 a request for teaching of otologic surgery from a Nepalese doctor to a Canadian colleague resulted in Doctor David Boon and his wife, Joan, travelling to Nepal in February, 1979, as volunteers. They participated in the "Lions Club of Kathmandu First Free Ear Camp" sponsored jointly by the International Sound Foundation Society and the Lions Club of Kathmandu. Fifteen hundred patients were seen and otosclerosis was one of the commonest ear diseases encountered. Adhesive otitis media with attic cholesteatoma was prevalent and a few cases of childhood serous otitis media were diagnosed. Severe sensorineural hearing loss was also prevalent and related to heredity, post febrile illness, and ototoxic drugs. Seventy surgical procedures were performed consisting of mastoidectomy, stapes reconstruction, tympanoplasty and myringotomy. PMID- 7206041 TI - Osmotic effects of intravenous contrast agents on renal function. AB - Because of renewed interest in renal insufficiency after excretory urography a set of experiments was designed to determine the effects of high dose intravenous contrast agents on renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. A reproducible decrease in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate was noted with high dose intravenous contrast agents and an osmotically similar solution without the radiographically active compound. The results are discussed in light of clinical significance. PMID- 7206042 TI - Management of urinary calculous disease in patients with renal cysts: review of 12 years of experience in 18 patients. AB - During the last 12 years 18 patients with urinary calculi were found to have associated cystic renal disease. We herein describe the difficulties in diagnosing and in treating this group, which included patients with simple single renal cysts, multiple cysts of 1 or both kidneys and polycystic renal disease. Renal calculi may be caused by or perpetuated by renal cystic disease. After spontaneous passage or surgical removal renal calculi may recur as long as renal cysts continue to cause urinary stasis owing to obstruction and distortion of the renal calices. Superimposed renal infection may cause further difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. The timely removal of calculi and the relief of obstruction caused by the cysts and stones are emphasized. We further recommend the judicious use of antibiotics, correction of electrolyte disturbances and prolonged followup in an attempt to prevent future calculous disease. PMID- 7206044 TI - Quantification of arteriovenous shunting in renal cell carcinoma. AB - Arteriovenous shunting was quantitated with 20 plus or minus 10 mu 99mtechnetium human albumin microspheres in 12 patients with angiographically hypervascular renal cell carcinomas. Arteriovenous shunting was diagnosed angiographically when the renal vein was opacified during the arterial phase. With use of an angiographic catheter 2 to 3 mCi. 99mtechnetium human albumin microspheres were first injected into the renal artery directly supplying the tumor. Thereafter, 0.5 to 1 mCi. microspheres were injected into the inferior vena cava. Scintillation counts over the right lung were obtained immediately after each injection. The ratio between the 2 counts established the rate of tumor shunting after correction for dose difference and decay. Nine patients without angiographic evidence of arteriovenous shunting had mean shunt rates of 15 per cent, whereas 3 patients with angiographically visible shunting had significantly higher shunt rates of 57 per cent (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that angiography discovers only massive arteriovenous shunting in patients with renal cell carcinoma, whereas a fair degree of arteriovenous shunting may go undetected. The significance of minimal or moderate arteriovenous shunting in patients with renal cell carcinoma needs further investigation. The microsphere quantitation method can be applied routinely to angiography. PMID- 7206043 TI - Renal subcapsular hematoma: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. AB - Subcapsular renal hematomas have been found in 14 hypertensive patients between 17 and 66 years old. In 11 patients with chronic lesions hypertension improved more often with nephrectomy (7 of 7 cases) than with a conservative operation (2 of 4 cases). Non-operative management of acute hematoma resulted in radiographic resolution and improvement of hypertension in 3 of 3 patients. Awareness of the clinical features and judicious use of diagnostic modalities enable proper management of subcapsular renal hematomas in most cases. PMID- 7206045 TI - Renal adenocarcinoma in young adults: survival and variables affecting prognosis. AB - Survival rates and various prognostic factors were studied in 89 patients between 20 and 40 years old who underwent nephrectomy for renal adenocarcinoma between 1950 and 1978. Although rare, renal carcinoma in young adults seems to follow a course similar to the disease seen in older patients. Among 18 suspected prognostic factors 2 are strongly and independently associated with survival. These are the pathologic stage of the tumor and preoperative weight loss. Several other prognostic variables show a statistically significant association with survival. These include the presence of preoperative fever, duration of symptoms, tumor cell type, microhematuria on admission to the hospital, tumor grade and sex. However, advanced statistical techniques demonstrate that the association of these variables with survival can be accounted for mostly by their close correlation with the stage of the tumor. Certain variables show no prognostic significance. These included the diameter of the tumor, age of the patient, presence or absence of gross hematuria, flank pain, palpable mass, arterial hypertension, sedimentation rate and side or site of the tumor. PMID- 7206046 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy with immediate dilation. AB - Percutaneous nephrostomy may serve as an alternative to an open operation for urinary diversion. Difficulties with poor drainage and premature catheter dislodgement have prompted the development of a technique for dilation of the needle tract and placement of a large, self-retaining catheter at the time of the initial puncture. PMID- 7206047 TI - Normal pregnancy and delivery after ileal conduit urinary diversion. AB - Lower urinary tract diversion via an ileal conduit is not a contraindication to pregnancy and subsequent normal spontaneous vaginal delivery. This is true regardless of the etiology of underlying urologic dysfunction as long as maternal renal function and general health remain stable and obstetrical considerations of the underlying congenital abnormality of the patient do not preclude conception and delivery. PMID- 7206048 TI - Applications of bladder ultrasonography. I. Bladder content and residue. AB - In reviewing our experience in the field of bladder ultrasonography, we conclude that this method is seldom used because its value has not been disseminated widely. Such a method is especially valuable in the investigation of infiltrative bladder tumors and the calculation of bladder volume. We herein report the results obtained in 100 patients whose bladder content has been calculated with the formula 12.56 times radius times height. We also outline the advantages of ultrasound over catheterization. PMID- 7206049 TI - Twice-a-day fractionation preoperative radiotherapy in patients with carcinoma of the bladder: preliminary report. AB - There were 13 patients with carcinoma of the bladder who received preoperative radiotherapy by a modified regimen before cystectomy. Doses of 135 rad were delivered twice daily for 10 days (2,700 rad) to a 15 times 15 cm. portal and followed by immediate cystectomy. Patient tolerance has been excellent, morbidity has been minimal and no increase in operative time, blood loss of major intraoperative or postoperative complications has ensued. The theoretical and practical advantages of this regimen may outweight either the standard regimen of 4,500 rad with a 4-week hiatus before operation or the high dose, short course regimen of 2,000 rad in 5 days and immediate cystectomy. PMID- 7206050 TI - Red cell surface antigen and its relationship to survival of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. AB - We studied 73 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder seen from 1967 to 1973. The red cell antigen test was done in a controlled blind study to determine if tumor behavior can be predicted by this test. Our results do not substantiate the findings of other investigators who have reported excellent correlation. We did not find statistical evidence that loss of antigen could be equated to a poor prognosis. We noted that patients in group O gave the weakest reaction and that this test had to be done in a modified fashion in tumors from these patients. It also was noted that as individuals age they tend to lose the red cell antigen. There is no doubt that this test, as reported in the literature, is a great advance in the study of bladder cancer. Further refinement in technique and more data are needed to substantiate its accuracy in predicting the behavior of bladder cancer. PMID- 7206051 TI - Intracavitary doxorubicin hydrochloride therapy for carcinoma in situ of the bladder. AB - We treated 15 patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder by intravesical instillation of doxorubicin hydrochloride. Different dose and interval schedules, that is 40 mg. biweekly and 80 mg. monthly, each resulted in a 66 per cent tumor remission rate. In no instance were undue systemic effects noted; the local side effects were negligible. Cold cup random biopsies were obtained before and during therapy. Light and electron microscopic evaluation revealed a gradual redifferentiation of the malignant urothelium in the course of treatment. In addition, A, B and H antigenicity was assessed and showed a recurrence of initially lacking surface isoantigens in patients with tumor remission. PMID- 7206053 TI - Cancer of the bladder in spinal cord injury patients. AB - Since 1963, 10 cases of bladder carcinoma have been detected in 1,052 new admissions to our center. A high percentage of these patients had squamous cell carcinoma and/or squamous elements. This relatively high incidence stimulated a prospective study of 81 spinal cord injury patients either maintained on intraurethral catheter drainage for 10 years or an external appliance for 15 years. There were changes of squamous metaplasia in 19 per cent of the cases but no cancer was detected. It remains undetermined if squamous metaplasia is a pre malignant lesion. However, the incidence of squamous metaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma in paraplegics with chronically infected bladders is not uncommon. Any spinal cord injury patient with hematuria needs a complete bladder evaluation and any long-term paraplegic with chronic infection should undergo cystoscopy and Papanicolaou smears as part of the yearly checkup. PMID- 7206052 TI - A phase II evaluation of a 3-drug combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil and of 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced bladder carcinoma or stage D prostatic carcinoma. AB - The Southeastern Cancer Study Group has evaluated 5-fluorouracil administered intravenously weekly at a dosage of 600 mg. per M.2 as a single agent, and the 3 drug combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the bladder and of the prostate previously untreated with cytotoxic chemotherapy in a prospectively randomized phase II study. In 4 of 18 patients with bladder carcinoma 5-fluorouracil induced an objective response, and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil induced an objective response in 3 of 21 patients. In patients with prostatic carcinoma 5-fluorouracil induced an objective response as measured by a 50 per cent decrease in prostatic acid phosphatase determined in a central reference laboratory in 3 of 25 patients and objective stability by National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria in 14 of 29 patients. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil induced an objective response in 7 of 22 patients and objective stability in 20 of 29. Thus, 5 fluorouracil administered in an adequate weekly dosage is established as an effective single agent in some patients with stage D carcinoma of the bladder or prostate. However, there is no significant added benefit as measured by survival obtained for these patients by combining cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin with 5 fluorouracil. PMID- 7206054 TI - Pitfalls of the Rosen anti-incontinence prosthesis. AB - There were 17 male patients with urinary incontinence who underwent insertion of the Rosen anti-incontinence prosthesis. Of the 17 patients 9 (53 per cent) have a functioning prosthesis, 4 (23.5 per cent) have a non-functioning prosthesis and are awaiting replacement and 4 (23.5 per cent) have had the prosthesis removed. The longevity of the prosthesis is unknown, with our longest functioning prosthesis at 26 months. PMID- 7206055 TI - Evaluation and treatment of priapism. AB - We herein review the last 29 patients with priapism treated at our hospitals with respect to the physiology and pathophysiology of erection and priapism, respectively, and present a rational approach to the management of priapism. Emphasis is given to the corpus cavernosum to corpus spongiosum shunt with a vascular anastomosis technique. PMID- 7206056 TI - Non-incisional therapy for priapism. AB - During a 4-year period 7 patients with priapism were managed successfully with a non-incision treatment program. Three were treated by hypotensive anesthesia with sodium nitroprusside, 2 by the Winter procedure (creating a temporary cavernospongiosum shunt) and 2 by combining hypotensive anesthesia and the Winter procedure. Causes of the priapism were pelvic infection in 1 patient, sickle cell trait in 2 and post-hemodialysis in 2. The cause was not known in 2 cases. Of the 7 patients 5 were potent before the onset of the priapism and remained so after treatment. No complications of therapy were noted and hospitalization averaged 1.4 days, with 5 patients being discharged the day after treatment. Our experience with these 7 patients indicates that creation of a vascular shunt by an operative technique may not be necessary to alleviate priapism. PMID- 7206057 TI - Changing surgical concepts in the treatment of priapism. AB - The treatment of priapism has changed significantly because of better understanding of the physiology of erection and of the pathophysiology of the disease. Several operative procedures have been advised to provide better venous drainage to the corpora. Herein we describe our experience with 20 patients. In 7 cases a modification of the cavernospongiosum shunt was used. This shunt is done under direct vision at the level of the proximal glans, thus, providing a better cavernosum-spongiosum shunt. PMID- 7206058 TI - Priapism. PMID- 7206059 TI - Conservative management of twisted testicular appendages. AB - We planned non-operative treatment of a twisted intrascrotal appendage in 23 consecutive patients, ranging in age from 6 to 45 years, in whom the diagnosis could be made confidently. Only 3 patients have required subsequent removal of the infarcted appendage because of persistent or recurrent pain. The remaining patients became free of pain within a week. Prompt surgical exploration to exclude torsion of the spermatic cord remains necessary if scrotal swelling obscures the diagnosis. At operation for the latter indication 5 additional boys were found to have a twisted appendix testis during the study interval. PMID- 7206060 TI - Prevalence and significance of prostatic inflammation. PMID- 7206061 TI - A private practice experience with adenocarcinoma of the prostate in men less than 50 years old. AB - We have found a sharp increase in the number of men less than 50 years old with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. In the last 4 years we have found 9 new patients less than 50 years old, which far exceeds the expected number. Prompted by this increase we reviewed our experience with prostatic carcinoma in young men. Our findings of 11 of 256 patients (4 per cent) and good survival from 6 months to 15 years (90 per cent) are at variance with previously published reports. We attribute the increased number of patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate to our willingness to biopsy small "unimportant" nodules in the prostate. Whether these findings reflect an actual increase in the incidence of prostatic carcinoma in young men or simply an increase in the frequency of diagnosis of previously unrecognized lesions is not clear. PMID- 7206063 TI - The primary megacystis syndrome. AB - We discuss 7 cases of the primary megacystis syndrome to demonstrate that the syndrome is non-obstructive and non-neurogenic, and probably of psychogenic origin owing to learned dysfunctional voiding. The major complication is vesicoureteral reflux and initial therapy is aimed at its correction. Prolonged followup and retraining of voiding habits are necessary. Specific pharmacologic or biofeedback techniques are indicated should urodynamic abnormalities of function be evident. PMID- 7206064 TI - Obstructive uropathy with infection, azotemia and flank mass. PMID- 7206062 TI - The value of nuclear bone imaging in advanced prostatic cancer. AB - The nuclear bone scan is a highly sensitive means of detecting skeletal metastasis in patients with prostatic cancer. Serial bone imaging provides an accurate method to follow the response of osseous metastases to treatment and to detect relapsing disease in the skeleton. In selected instances the nuclear bone scan can provide information about vertebral metastases that can be important for planning palliative treatment of pain. PMID- 7206065 TI - New indications for renal infarction. AB - Two patients with stage D transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney presented with recurrent massive hematuria. Both had prompt cessation of bleeding following renal infarction. Another patient had malignant hypercalcemia related to metastatic renal cell carcinoma and became normocalcemic after renal infarction. Angiographic renal infarction offers a rational alternative to conventional therapy in the management of these 2 problems. PMID- 7206066 TI - Extensive suprapubic vesicocutaneous fistula following trauma. AB - There are few reports on extensive suprapubic vesicocutaneous fistulas. We report the problems encountered in the closure of these fistulas following lower abdominal trauma. Two patients are described in whom the trauma produced extensive loss of skin, fascia and muscle, leaving the bladder exposed and open. Despite several attempts at bladder closure the bladder repair always failed and the fistula remained open. It was necessary to cover the subsequent bladder closure with overlying muscle, fascia and skin to obtain a successful closure. The techniques of closure are explained. PMID- 7206067 TI - "Nephrogenic adenoma": an unusual metaplastic change of urothelium. AB - "Nephrogenic adenoma" is a papillary bladder lesion of uncertain pathogenesis. We have studied 2 patients with this lesion for several years with serial biopsies in both cases. We believe that the natural history of "nephrogenic adenoma" and its invariable association with bladder irritation, coupled with the histopathologic and ultrastructural findings, strongly suggest that this "tumor" represents a papillary and glandular transformation of urothelium, in response to prolonged exposure to various injurious agents. It is best regarded as a metaplastic process rather than a hamartoma or a benign neoplasm. There is no reasonable basis for supposing that the process originates from mesonephric derived epithelium. While not itself neoplastic nephrogenic metaplasia (our preferred term) is rarely associated with the late development of invasive but not, to date, metastasizing neoplasia. Routine cystoscopy would seem the most appropriate means of following these patients. PMID- 7206068 TI - Primary carcinoid of the testis with metastases. AB - A case of pure carcinoid of the testis is reported. The patient presented with metastatic carcinoid and the carcinoid syndrome 17 years after removal of the primary tumor. He died 2 years later. The long interval from initial orchiectomy to presentation with metastases strongly suggests that the original lesion was primary rather than metastatic. Only 2 cases have been reported to date in which an apparently pure primary testicular carcinoid developed metastases. In both of these cases the possibility that the testicular lesion itself was metastatic was not excluded. PMID- 7206069 TI - Long-term survivor of prostatic carcinoma with lung metastases. AB - A patient with stage D2 carcinoma of the prostate is presented with biopsy-proved pulmonary metastases. Treatment consisted of hormonal therapy in the form of orchiectomy and ethinyl estradiol and he is alive 14 years later without evidence of disease. The pulmonary manifestations of prostatic carcinoma are discussed as well as the prognostic implications. This long-term survival, in view of the patient's initial presentation, makes this case unique. PMID- 7206070 TI - Factitious polymicrobial bacteremia: a case report. AB - A 23-year-old student nurse presented with polymicrobial bacteremia and symptoms suggestive of a renal abscess. After extensive evaluation, including an exploratory laparotomy, failed to reveal the source of sepsis, factitious illness owing to self-inoculation was suspected. In the absence of urologic, biliary or gastrointestinal obstruction self-inoculation must be considered in all patients with polymicrobial bacteremia. PMID- 7206071 TI - Urologic aspects of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. AB - Pancreatic adenocarcinoma can present initially as urologic disease. The 15 reported cases in the literature are analyzed and 5 cases, featuring ureteral obstruction, renal artery compression, abdominal bruit, positive urinary cytology, varicocele, renal mass and hematuria as the initial presentation of this disease, are added. The diagnosis and management are reviewed. PMID- 7206072 TI - Medical versus surgical treatment of primary vesicoureteral reflux: a prospective international reflux study in children. PMID- 7206073 TI - Intraoperative roentgenography in the surgical removal of renal calculi. AB - Complete surgical removal of staghorn or multiple renal calculi is extremely difficult. Intraoperative roentgenography has been used to decrease the incidence of residual calculi. We herein assess the effectiveness of intraoperative roentgenography and emphasize important operative technical aspects. Between 1973 and 1979, 42 patients underwent 50 operations for the removal of staghorn or multiple renal calculi. Intraoperative roentgenography was used in 47 operations and omitted in 3. Of the 47 operations done with intraoperative roentgenography 31 units were free of stones and 12 had small retained fragments known intraoperatively with verification by postoperative tomography or plain abdominal film. In 1 case of calculus recognized intraoperatively passed during the postoperative period and tomograms demonstrated no residual calculi. Only 3 patients had residual stones postoperatively with negative intraoperative films. The 3 patients who did not have intraoperative roentgenography all had residual fragments. All 3 kidneys were thought to be free of residual stones as determined by visual inspection and nephroscopy. With the aid of intraoperative roentgenography the incidence of residual stones was 23 per cent. Followup for up to 6 years in 45 renal units showed 73 per cent to be free of stones. When properly used intraoperative roentgenography is highly accurate. Films should be obtained before any stones are removed and care should be taken to x-ray the entire kidney even if 2 films are required. Final films should be obtained after all fragments are removed. PMID- 7206074 TI - The renal quantitative scintillation camera study for determination of renal function after anatrophic nephrolithotomy. AB - The effect of hypothermic anatrophic nephrolithotomy was evaluated in 13 patients by comparing preoperative and postoperative renal quantitative scintillation camera studies. Total renal function as measured by effective renal plasma flow remained normal postoperatively. However, the operated kidney had a significant loss of function with a proportionate compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney. This finding explains the normal total renal function, the good end results of the operation being stable renal function if stones do not recur. PMID- 7206075 TI - Ureteral injuries during vascular surgery. AB - The rapid increase in the number of vascular surgical procedures done has led to a new class of iatrogenic ureteral injuries. Vena caval ligation, bilateral lumbar sympathectomy, bypass procedures and abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy produce the majority of these injuries. Established principles useful in the repair of iatrogenic injuries following a gynecologic or colonic operation often are inapplicable. PMID- 7206076 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteral injury. AB - The courses of 6 patients with various forms or ureteral injury and disruption herein illustrate the value and worth of percutaneous nephrostomy drainage and study. The nature and degree of injury are ascertained, and sepsis and obstruction are managed without formal anesthesia or surgical intervention, leading to ultimate repair in a planned and orderly fashion. PMID- 7206077 TI - Variability in the expression of the O(H) antigen in human transitional epithelium. AB - In many organs the so-called blood group antigens A, B and O(H) are constituents of the surface of normal epithelial cells. Deletion of these antigens in cases of carcinoma may serve as a clinically useful tumor marker, especially in cases of carcinoma of the bladder. Further progress is hampered by uncertainty concerning the detectability of A, B and H tissue isoantigens on normal urothelium in tissue sections. We examined th expression of these tissue isoantigens on normal ureteral urothelium obtained at autopsy from 68 adults using the specific red cell adherence test and found that they were not detectable in normal urothelium from a significant fraction of individuals in blood group O and that results in blood groups A, B and AB also were somewhat variable. The variability did not appear related to the secretor status or postmortem interval. Our results suggest that the current specific red cell adherence test may not be suitable for detecting deletion of tissue isoantigens in bladder tumor patients in blood group O. PMID- 7206079 TI - Bladder neck reconstruction for total urinary incontinence: 10 years experience. AB - Of 75 patients with complete urinary incontinence (25 female and 50 male patients) 25 were managed by the posterior bladder tube (Leadbetter) technique and 50 were managed by the anterior tube reconstruction of Tanagho. The cases of 6 other patients who underwent the same anterior bladder tube reconstruction after retropubic prostatectomy also are analyzed. Post-prostatectomy incontinence constituted the major indication for operation (44 patients). Other indications were trauma, congenital anomalies including epispadias, urethrotomy and urethral excision. The success rate with the anterior repair was about 70 per cent. Analysis of each group, comparison to posterior reconstruction and indications are presented. PMID- 7206080 TI - Advanced peyronie's disease treated with the inflatable penile prosthesis. AB - Nineteen patients with significant advanced Peyronie's disease (that is severe angulation, erectile impotence and/or intractable pain) that had not responded to conservative medical therapy were treated surgically with insertion of the inflatable penile prosthesis. Of the patients 10 had correction of angulation and/or erectile impotence by instillation of the prosthesis alone and needed no additional operation, while 8 required incisions of the tunica albuginea distal to the plaques in addition to the prosthesis to correct the deformity. One patient required a monofilament knitted polypropylene velour graft to cover the defect in the tunica albuginea. Satisfactory results were obtained in 18 of 19 patients. PMID- 7206081 TI - Testicular scanning: clinical experience with 72 patients. AB - Testicular scanning with 99mtechnetium pertechnetate is a well established, useful and readily available technique for the rapid assessment of patients with scrotal pain. Its use allows accurate differentiation of testicular torsion from other entities, such as epididymo-orchitis and, thus, obviates scrotal exploration in a large number of cases. We herein report our experience with 72 cases. Only 1 falsely positive scan was obtained in 15 patients thought to have torsion, this being secondary to an incarcerated hernia extending into the scrotum. Of the remaining 14 patients undergoing scrotal explorations for testicular torsion the scan was accurate in 100 per cent of the cases. PMID- 7206078 TI - Social and sexual adjustment of men operated for hypospadias during childhood: a controlled study. AB - In a controlled study 34 men operated on for hypospadias in childhood and 36 control subjects were interviewed concerning their sexual and social adjustment, which at the time of the interviews was shown to be virtually similar in the 2 groups. Most of the hypospadiacs had stable sexual relationships but they had been sexually less active than the controls. The sexual debut of the hypospadiacs was retarded although the age at first ejaculation was the same as for the controls. The hypospadiacs had less qualified professions compared to the controls. The results indicate the possibility of operated hypospadiacs being psychologically different from other men. Fertility seems to be equal in the 2 groups and even patients with severe forms of hypospadias reported fertility. The issue of optimal ambition in surgical repair is discussed in view of the fact that even patients with a less than perfect technical result are able to live a satisfactory sexual life. PMID- 7206082 TI - Doppler ultrasound versus testicular scanning in the evaluation of the acute scrotum. AB - A comparative prospective study of the Doppler ultrasonogram, the testicular scan and the surgical findings in patients with an acute scrotum is presented. The testicular scan was found to be the most reliable diagnostic method since it correlated with the surgical findings in 100 per cent of the cases. The Doppler ultrasonogram proved to be useful since it gave a positive correlation in 79 per cent of the cases studied. PMID- 7206083 TI - Decreases in electric thoracic impedance during transurethral resection of the prostate: an index of early water intoxication. AB - Thoracic impedance of 18 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate was measured 15 minutes preoperatively, and 30 and 60 minutes after the start of the operation. Impedance variations were compared to variation in 1) cardiac output, 2) serum sodium osmolality and 3) alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference. Thoracic impedance, initially 24.6 plus or minus 0.3, decreased to 23.8 plus or minus 0.5, 30 minutes after the onset of the operation (p less than 0.0005) and 22.9 plus or minus 0.5, 30 minutes later (p less than 0.01 from previous reading and 0.0005 from control). Patients in whom impedance had decreased 10 per cent or more from control values received 10 mg. furosemide intravenously 60 minutes after the onset of the operation. This therapy permitted the restoration of impedance values, cardiac output, alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference and serum sodium osmolality to values statistically similar to those found in the 10 patients who had not sustained such precipitous decreases in impedance within 60 minutes. We believe that the measurement of thoracic impedance during transurethral prostatic surgery offers the most sensitive index of early water intoxication. Measurements can be obtained without delay in the operating room and, thus, permit immediate correction of the condition. PMID- 7206084 TI - Sexual potency after radical prostatectomy. AB - Systematically acquired data on preservation or loss of sexual potency after radical prostatectomy have not been reported frequently. Our retrospective study is based on a review of the hospital records of 62 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1968 and 1978. No notation as to preoperative potency was found in the records of 74 per cent of the patients. Of 14 patients who affirmed preoperative potency 6 (43 per cent) reported normal erections and resumption of sexual intercourse postoperatively. The mean of these 6 men was significantly less than the group as a whole (p les than 0.01). It is urged that an adequate sexual history be elicited before any prostatic operation, and certainly in advanced of radical prostatectomy. It is suggested that sexual potency may be retained after radical prostatectomy far more often than has been presumed previously. Thus, urologists should be aware of the sexual interests and competency of their aging male patients, and encourage continuation of sexual activity after radical prostatectomy. PMID- 7206085 TI - Pelvic lymphadenectomy with modified radical retropubic prostatectomy as a single operation: technique used and results in 50 consecutive cases. AB - We evaluated 50 consecutive patients in whom bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy with radical retropubic prostatectomy was done using a modified surgical technique. In 3 patients (6 per cent) vesical neck stenosis developed. Excluding 8 cases early in the series in whom pubectomy also was done the long-term incontinence rate was 2.4 per cent. We conclude that this modified technique without pubectomy is quite satisfactory in the management of patients with clinical stages A to C prostatic carcinoma and the complication rate appears to be less than with traditional surgical approaches. PMID- 7206086 TI - Transcoccygeal 125iodine prostatic implantation for adenocarcinoma. AB - The transcoccygeal approach to the posterior surface of the prostate gland has been used for delivery of therapeutic levels of irradiation with 125iodine in 18 patients with clinical stages B1 and B2 adenocarcinoma without staging pelvic node dissection. The rationale for this approach, the surgical and radiological technique, and the early postoperative results and complications of this versus the retropubic approach with pelvic node dissection are described. PMID- 7206087 TI - Anaerobic bacteria in suppurative infections of the male genitourinary system. AB - Cultures were done to determine the prevalence of anaerobic bacteria in 18 male patients with suppurative infections of the genitourinary tract. The types of infections studied were scrotal abscess, prostatic abscess, scrotal gangrene and perinephric abscess. Anaerobic bacteria were recovered in 16 of the 18 specimens examined. These 16 specimens yielded a total of 48 anaerobic strains and 19 aerobic or facultative strains. The dominant organism isolated was Bacteroides fragilis, which was found in 11 patients. It would appear that most suppurative infections of the male genitourinary tract involve anaerobic bacteria. These observations have important implications regarding recommendations for cultures and selection of antimicrobials. PMID- 7206089 TI - Detection of urinary leukocytes by chemstrip-l. AB - Chemstrip-L was evaluated in 300 patients for its ability to detect leukocytes in urine. The strip reacts to esterases that are present in leukocytes and not in normal urine. When the chamber count is used as a standard Chemstrip-L has a sensitivity of 95.3 per cent and a specificity of 98 per cent. A minimal reaction time of 15 minutes was confirmed. No discrepancy could be related directly to drug interference. PMID- 7206088 TI - Use of the radionuclide washout test in evaluation of suspected upper urinary tract obstruction. AB - The use of the computerized quantitative renal scan associated with the standard renogram obtained during furosemide-induced diuresis provides useful information in the assessment of suspected upper tract obstruction. With the use of 99mtechnetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or 131iodine hippuran quantitative renal scans were obtained and renograms were generated before and after intravenous furosemide injection. Rapidity of diuretic-induced radionuclide washout, as well as determination of glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow on the affected side, provides objective information with regard to renal parenchymal loss as well as upper tract emptying. We herein report our experience with 19 such patients. The radionuclide washout test is obtained easily, informative and may replace more invasive diagnostic measures. PMID- 7206090 TI - Ultrasonically guided precise needle placement in the prostate and the seminal vesicles. PMID- 7206091 TI - Intermittent catheterization in the management of neurogenic vesical dysfunction in children. AB - Our over-all results with intermittent clean catheterization in attaining continence and limiting the occurrence of significant infection while preserving renal function in children with neurologic bladder dysfunction have been gratifying and compare favorably to other series. The program has not only resulted in satisfactory continence in the majority but also it has been associated with marked improvements in personality, sociability and self-image in several of our older patients who are free from the odor, shame and discomfort of the incontinence for the first time in their lives. From our results and those of others it appears that intermittent clean catheterization is a safe, reversible and effective means of management of children with neurogenic bladders. PMID- 7206092 TI - Mobilization of the urethra in the surgical treatment of hypospadias. AB - Urethral mobilization is an adjunctive surgical technique for improving the position of the urethral meatus in a hypospadias operation. In patients with mild degrees of hypospadias and chordee the mobilized urethral meatus can be placed out onto the glans without constructing a neourethra. In more severe cases of hypospadias urethral advancement distally will reduce the length requirement for the neourethra. Mobilization of the urethra has been done in 21 children in conjunction with standard hypospadias repair techniques and the outcome has been highly successful for the majority. PMID- 7206094 TI - Renal artery embolism: therapy with intra-arterial streptokinase infusion. PMID- 7206095 TI - Diagnosis and percutaneous drainage of a perinephric abscess by ultrasound and fluoroscopy. AB - We describe 3 patients with perinephric abscesses in whom the perinephric fluid collections were identified by ultrasonic examination. In 2 cases thin needle aspiration of these collections using sonographic guidance provided the preoperative diagnosis. Percutaneous tube drainage under ultrasound and fluoroscopy was used successfully in 1 patient whose medical condition precluded surgical drainage. We recommend that percutaneous drainage be considered in severely ill patients with perinephric abscesses. PMID- 7206093 TI - Calcified functionless kidney in a 51-year-old man. PMID- 7206096 TI - Congenital intrathoracic kidney. AB - An intrathoracic kidney, although rare, should be considered in a child with a mass at the base of the lung on a chest radiograph. Excretory urography is diagnostic and may eliminate the need for further extensive investigation and operation. PMID- 7206097 TI - Leiomyoma in an atrophic kidney. PMID- 7206098 TI - Ureteral strictures following ureterolithotomy. AB - Ureteral strictures occurring after ureterolithotomy may not be recognized until obstruction or recurrent stone impaction occurs in the area. We describe our treatment of this problem in 9 patients. Management varied from conservative treatment in patients having no discernible renal function on the affected side to various forms of reconstruction or reimplantation, depending upon the situation and site of the stricture. All patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years without complications. The etiopathogenesis and other methods of treatment available for this problem are discussed. PMID- 7206099 TI - Crohn's disease developing in an ileal conduit. AB - A patient is described who had undergone cystectomy and an ileal conduit 7 years previously for carcinoma of the bladder. He had pain and bleeding from the ileal conduit. An ileoscopy through the conduit revealed the typical findings of Crohn's disease. Steroid therapy was instituted with a good clinical response. PMID- 7206100 TI - Delivery through the bladder during cesarean section. AB - A case is reported of simultaneous incision of the anterior and posterior bladder walls during cesarean section. Despite the serious surgical occurrence delivery was accomplished through the bladder, which was repaired successfully. PMID- 7206101 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of transitional, squamous and adenocarcinoma of the bladder after 15 years of cyclophosphamide ingestion. AB - We report on a patient who had a urothelial tumor with tri-differentiation into transitional squamous and adenocarcinoma after ingestion of 285 gm. cyclophosphamide during a 15-year-period. The possibility is again raised that the use of high doses of this drug over long periods may be associated with an increased incidence of carcinoma of the bladder. Frequent cystoscopic examinations may be warranted in patients who have received large cumulative amounts of the drug PMID- 7206102 TI - Simultaneous bilateral torsion of the testes in a man. PMID- 7206103 TI - Histoplasma capsulatum epididymitis. AB - We report 2 cases of epididymal histoplasmosis. In 1 patient an epididymal abscess was the sole manifestation of histoplasmosis and in the other an epididymal abscess occurred with paratracheal lymphadenopathy. Although uncommon histoplasmosis can cause symptomatic genitourinary tract disease and must be differentiated from tuberculosis, tumors and other fungal and bacterial infections. PMID- 7206105 TI - New focus on spinal cord injury. PMID- 7206106 TI - Newborn care after cesarean section. PMID- 7206104 TI - Carcinosarcoma of the prostate: case report and review of the literature. AB - We report the third case of carcinosarcoma of the prostate. The epithelial element consisted of a highly malignant adenocarcinoma. The mesenchymal component was composed of malignant osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. PMID- 7206107 TI - Adverse occurrences in the intensive care unit. PMID- 7206108 TI - Cost-containment efforts. PMID- 7206109 TI - 'Urban cowboy' myoglobinuria. PMID- 7206110 TI - Current attempts to prevent the use of animals in medical research. PMID- 7206111 TI - Systolic blood pressure, arterial rigidity, and risk of stroke. The Framingham study. AB - Based on prospective data from the Framingham study relating systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, age, and pulse-wave configuration to future stroke incidence, it would appear that isolated systolic hypertension predisposes to stroke independent of arterial rigidity. The prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension increased with age and with the degree of blunting of the dicrotic notch in the pulse wave. Subjects with isolated systolic hypertension experienced two to four times as many strokes as did normotensive persons. While diastolic pressure is related to stroke incidence, in the subject with systolic hypertension, the diastolic component adds little to risk assessment and in men, in this subgroup, appears unrelated to stroke incidence. PMID- 7206112 TI - Metabolic evaluation of nephrolithiasis in patients with medullary sponge kidney. AB - Seventeen patients with documented medullary sponge kidney and nephrolithiasis underwent metabolic evaluation. These patients constituted 3.6% of our stone forming population. Fifteen (88%) of 17 were hypercalciuric. The most common abnormality was absorptive hypercalciuria, occurring in 59%. Only three patients (18%) had renal hypercalciuria. None of the patients had primary hyperparathyroidism. Hyperuricosuria occurred together with hypercalciuria in five patients. In two patients, the precise cause of hypercalciuria could not be determined, and in another two patients, no metabolic abnormality could be detected. Thus, the patients with medullary sponge kidney and renal stones had the same spectrum of metabolic abnormalities as the overall population of stone formers. While these patients may theoretically have a greater anatomic propensity to form stones because of their anatomic abnormality, they should be evaluated and treated appropriately for any metabolic defect. PMID- 7206113 TI - Alcohol use and psychiatric illness in emergency patients. AB - Screening for alcoholism and associated psychiatric disorders using preselected research criteria demonstrated an overall prevalence of alcoholism of 20% in 200 emergency department patients. The nighttime prevalence of alcoholism was 29%, while the daytime prevalence was 11%. The psychiatric disorders most frequently associated with alcoholism were primary affective disorder (depression) and antisocial personality. The alcoholics had chief complaints relating to trauma in 63% of the cases, vague neuropsychiatric complaints in 23% of the cases, and complaints directly related to alcohol in 8% of the cases. Screening for alcoholism and associated psychiatric illnesses is important in determining an overall treatment strategy for emergency patients. PMID- 7206115 TI - Scintigraphic appearance of Anton's syndrome. PMID- 7206116 TI - Labile and systolic hypertension: a reappraisal. PMID- 7206114 TI - Sinus node dysfunction caused by methyldopa and digoxin. AB - Symptomatic sinus bradycardia developed in two patients while they were taking methyldopa and digoxin. In one patient, bradycardia did not occur with either digoxin or methyldopa alone. The other patient, who had never taken methyldopa alone, did not demonstrate bradycardia with digoxin alone. In each patient, normal sinus node function was demonstrated after methyldopa and digoxin therapy was discontinued. Both patients continued to receive digoxin without recurrence of bradycardia. PMID- 7206117 TI - Considerations in the diagnosis of radiation injury. AB - Radiation injury develops in a small proportion of patients after therapeutic radiation. The key factors that influence the likelihood and character of these radiation sequelae are discussed in this article. Proper consideration of these points will lead to more accurate diagnosis and, hence, more effective patient management. PMID- 7206118 TI - From 'regeneration' to prostheses: research on spinal cord injury. PMID- 7206119 TI - Preventive maintenance for company employees. PMID- 7206121 TI - Consent forms. PMID- 7206120 TI - Burn care improvements. PMID- 7206122 TI - Not this side. PMID- 7206123 TI - Falling hematocrit value on cessation of smoking. PMID- 7206124 TI - Recurrence of silicone lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7206125 TI - Intracardiac injections. PMID- 7206127 TI - Thromboembolism after surgery. PMID- 7206126 TI - Premedical education. PMID- 7206128 TI - Water hardness and heart disease. PMID- 7206129 TI - Diabetes and impotence. PMID- 7206130 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adults with community-acquired pneumonia. AB - We studied 52 adult patients admitted to the hospital over a 11-month period with symptoms suggesting pulmonary infection. Twenty-nine had pneumonia and none were receiving immunosuppressive drug therapy. We found definite serological evidence of recent chlamydial infection in 21% (4/19) of patients with pneumonia of unclear etiology, and in 0% (0/33) of patients with other pulmonary conditions. An additional three patients with pneumonia had suggestive serological evidence of recent chlamydial infection. None of the seven patients had culture evidence of bacterial infection, or serological evidence of mycoplasmal, viral, or Legionella infection; none had physical examination findings suggesting intercurrent chlamydial infection of the eye or genitourinary tract. Chlamydia trachomatis may have been a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in some of these patients. PMID- 7206131 TI - Male gonadal dysfunction in Hodgkin's disease. A prospective study. AB - Forty-seven men (median age, 31.5 years) were studied prospectively to assess the effect of Hodgkin's disease and subsequent chemotherapy on gonadal function. Before therapy, 16 (43%) of 37 men were functionally subfertile, as assessed by impotence (four of 37) and "inadequate" sperm counts (12 of 37). Histological abnormalities were noted in eight of nine pretreatment testicular biopsy specimens. Additionally, changes were noted in blood hormone levels and libido. After completion of only two cycles of chemotherapy, 14 of 14 men became persistently azoospermic, with blood follicle-stimulating hormone levels four to five times normal. Posttreatment testicular biopsy specimens confirmed germ cell aplasia. During therapy 17 (81%) of 21 men had mild or no libido; irritability in 16 (84%) of 19 and violence in four (18%) of 22 caused additional family distress. While it is clear that cytotoxic therapy induces infertility, these data further indicate that a proportion of men have gonadal dysfunction prior to treatment. PMID- 7206132 TI - Vaginal spermicides and congenital disorders. AB - Among 763 liveborn infants of white women who had obtained a vaginal spermicide in the ten months before conception, the prevalence of certain major congenital anomalies was 2.2%. The prevalence of such anomalies in a comparison group of 3,902 infants was 1.0%. The difference between these groups was due to an excess of limb-reduction deformities, neoplasms, syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities, and hypospadias in the infants whose mothers are presumed to have used vaginal spermicides. Pregnancies in women who had used vaginal spermicides ended in spontaneous abortion requiring hospitalization 1.8 times more commonly than did pregnancies in those who had not. Since a well-defined syndrome among babies with congenital disorders whose mothers used spermicides was not present, these results should be considered tentative until confirmed by other data. PMID- 7206133 TI - Premarital rubella screening in Rhode Island. AB - Rhode Island law requires that rubella serological screening be done for most female marriage license applicants. To evaluate the effect of the law, 203 rubella-susceptible women detected through premarital screening over a four-month period in 1978 were surveyed. Of those responding, 37% had been immunized, 21% were pregnant or infertile, and 42% were eligible for immunization but had not received vaccine. Premarital immunization occurred most frequently when physicians advised and directly offered vaccine. A survey of primary care physicians indicated that 24% immunized none of their rubella-susceptible patients detected by premarital screening. PMID- 7206134 TI - Restricting amphetamines. Wisconsin's success story. PMID- 7206135 TI - Chronic pelvic peritonitis due to the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis. PMID- 7206136 TI - Chlamydial pneumonia: not for babies only? PMID- 7206137 TI - Phenylpropanolamine: an over-the-counter amphetamine? PMID- 7206138 TI - The click-murmur syndrome. A clinical problem in diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7206139 TI - Aid to Soviet MD emigres. PMID- 7206140 TI - From the NIH: Sodium transport as diagnostic tool for secondary hypertension. PMID- 7206141 TI - Staff awareness of hospital charges. PMID- 7206142 TI - Cholecystectomy and abdominal hysterectomy. PMID- 7206143 TI - A consultation service in geriatric medicine at a university hospital. PMID- 7206144 TI - The teaching nursing home. PMID- 7206147 TI - Survival of adult high-cost patients. Report of a follow-up study from nine acute care hospitals. AB - To assess the degree to which high-cost illness is terminal illness, survival data were obtained on a random sample of 776 adult high-cost patients from nine acute-care hospitals in the San Francisco Bay area. Two years after discharge, at least 34% of high-cost patients had died. These patients accounted for 39% of the hospital charges incurred by the total group of patients studied. Among the factors significantly associated with death were a diagnosis of cancer (62% death), age older than 64 years (44% death), discharge from a medical (as opposed to surgical) service (42% death), and hospital bill of $10,000 and more (48% death). In-hospital and posthospital death rates varied greatly among the nine hospitals. The data suggest that large amounts of medical care are consumed by patients with unfavorable prognoses. PMID- 7206148 TI - Narcissus, Pogo and Lew Thomas' wager. PMID- 7206146 TI - Asymptomatic carotid bruit and risk of stroke. The Framingham study. AB - Carotid bruit was routinely sought in the Framingham cohort and during eight years appeared in 66 men and 105 women, all of whom were asymptomatic. The incidence increased with age equally in the two sexes from 3.5% at 44 to 54 years, to 7.0% at 65 to 79 years. The eight-year incidence was greater in diabetes and hypertensive subjects. Transient ischemic attacks appeared in eight (two alone) and stroke in 21 of the 171, a stroke rate more than twice expected for age and sex. More often than not, cerebral infarction occurred in a vascular territory different from that of the carotid bruit, often in the posterior circulation, and ruptured aneurysm, embolism from the heart, and lacunar infarction was the mechanism of stroke in nearly half the cases. Incidence of myocardial infarction was also increased twofold in those with asymptomatic carotid bruit. General mortality were also increased; 1.7-fold with men, and 1.9 fold in women, with 79% of the deaths owing to cardiovascular disease, including stroke. Carotid bruit is clearly an indicator of increased stroke risk but chiefly as a general and nonfocal sign of advanced atherosclerotic disease and not necessarily as an indicator of local arterial stenosis preceding cerebral infarction. PMID- 7206145 TI - Carotid artery stenosis - hemodynamic significance and clinical course. AB - Two hundred fifteen patients with a history of either stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or asymptomatic carotid bruit underwent noninvasive carotid artery testing using oculopneumoplethysmography. Of patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis, 51 (40.8%) underwent endarterectomy, and 74 (59.2%) were treated nonoperatively. The incidence of stroke in the nonoperated group was 12/74 (16.2%) compared with only 1/51 (1.9%) in the operated group. Similarly, recurrent TIA occurred in 29/74 (39.2%) of the nonoperated group vs 9/51 (17.6%) of the operated. In nonhemodynamically significant carotid stenosis, the risk of cerebrovascular death and stroke was exceedingly low: 2/90 (2.2%). Patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis treated nonoperatively have a greater risk of cerebrovascular death, stroke, and TIA than patients treated with carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7206149 TI - Lumbar puncture-induced meningitis. AB - A retrospective study was done to evaluate the risk of lumbar puncture-induced meningitis. Fourteen percent (23/165) of patients with bacteremia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitis, and groups A and B streptococci had spontaneous meningitis (without a preceding lumbar puncture). In contrast, only 0.8% (7/924) of patients with blood culture containing other organisms had spontaneous meningitis and 2.1% (3/140) of these patients had clinical courses consistent with lumbar puncture-induced meningitis. However, the 2.1% incidence in the latter group is not significantly different from 0.8%, the expected incidence of spontaneous meningitis. It is suggested that if lumbar puncture-induced meningitis does occur, it is rare enough to be clinically insignificant. PMID- 7206150 TI - Timolol-induced bronchospasm in asthmatic bronchitis. PMID- 7206151 TI - Carotid bruit or carotid stenosis: what is the significance? PMID- 7206152 TI - Physician-supervised exercise programs in rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease. Council on Scientific Affairs. PMID- 7206153 TI - Pheochromocytoma in multiple endocrine adenomatosis. Efficacy of computer tomography. PMID- 7206154 TI - Home dialysis: the competition between CAPD and hemodialysis. PMID- 7206155 TI - New cancer society study of 1 million people to begin. PMID- 7206156 TI - Electronic fetal monitoring. PMID- 7206157 TI - Suicide by physicians on probation. PMID- 7206158 TI - Control of glucose level. PMID- 7206160 TI - Zinc, copper, and cholesterol. PMID- 7206161 TI - Urate spherulites in gouty synovia. AB - We have identified urate crystals in gouty synovial fluid in a spherulite form. Studies in vitro established these "beachball" structures as chemically identical to classic "needles" of monosodium urate monohydrate, the prime factor in gouty arthritis. Previously described in the 1890s by a German scientist, these structures have not been recognized by clinicians examining fluid from arthritic joints. We suggest an identification scheme for beach ball-like" structures in synovial fluid. PMID- 7206159 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. PMID- 7206162 TI - Ventricular septal rupture secondary to myocardial infarction. Clinical approach and surgical results. AB - Twenty-four patients underwent operation for ventricular septal rupture secondary to acute myocardial infarction. There were 14 hospital survivors (58%) and two late deaths (8%). There were eight hospital deaths (62%) of 13 patients referred in cardiogenic shock, but only two deaths (18%) of 11 patients not in shock at time of referral. All 12 current survivors showed clinical improvement, and 11 of them are in New York Heart Association functional class I or II. Eleven patients had bedside catheterization with a balloon catheter and were operated on immediately thereafter, and eight survived (73%) with no late deaths at five years. With formal heart catheterization followed by operation, there were only six survivors of 13 operated on (46%). PMID- 7206163 TI - Mortality in an insured population with atrial fibrillation. AB - In a cooperative study of 3,099 life insurance applicants with atrial fibrillation (AF), 71 deaths over an average duration of 3.3 years were observed and compared with deaths expected and derived from standard insurance mortality tables. A normal mortality was observed in cases of paroxysmal AF with no other identified cardiovascular impairment. Paroxysmal AF with associated mitral stenosis or coronary disease was found to have a significantly increased mortality. Chronic AF with or without other impairments entails a much higher risk than paroxysmal AF, those cases associated with mitral stenosis showing very high excess mortality. PMID- 7206164 TI - Family practice undergraduate education. AB - A survey conducted by the Wright State University School of Medicine indicates that family practice has become a fully integrated curriculum component in the majority of US medical schools. Results indicate that family practice courses are offered most often as outpatient experiences and are taught by both full-time and volunteer faculty. PMID- 7206166 TI - Family practice on and off the campus. PMID- 7206165 TI - An outbreak of Providencia stuartii urinary tract infections. Patients with condom catheters are a reservoir of the bacteria. AB - We investigated an outbreak of multiple antibiotic-resistant Providencia stuartii urinary tract infections that occurred on a neurology ward. Only patients who had been catheterized became infected. However, approximately 10% of patients with condom catheter urinary drainage systems were colonized, ie, P stuartii was present on their skin and in the urine drainage bags but not in fresh-voided urine. Patient urinals were also contaminated. The outbreak was terminated by segregating infected and colonized patients from other patients who required either external or indwelling urinary catheters and by stopping the practice of exchanging urinals among patients. PMID- 7206167 TI - Diagnosis of depression in the 1980s. PMID- 7206168 TI - Calcium deposits on IUDs may play role in infections. PMID- 7206169 TI - Estrogen, progesterone receptors in ovarian cancer. PMID- 7206170 TI - Ubiquitous macrophages- in cancer, atherosclerosis. PMID- 7206171 TI - Can you catch rabies from your ferret? Probably not. PMID- 7206172 TI - Sending oldsters aloft? PMID- 7206173 TI - Subacute thyroiditis of aberrant thyroid gland. PMID- 7206174 TI - Notes from overground. Fourth year at Harvard Medical School. PMID- 7206175 TI - Guanadrel. A new antihypertensive drug. AB - Guanadrel sulfate, a new adrenergic neuron inhibitor similar to guanethidine sulfate, was tested on 199 outpatients by 11 investigators. The patients had mild, moderate, or severe hypertension as determined by diastolic blood pressures of 95 to 105, 106 to 114, and 115 to 120 mm Hg, respectively. Guanadrel was found to be an effective antihypertensive agent for all levels of hypertension. Since guanadrel has a short onset of action and a short offset of action, which prevents many of the side effects of guanathidine, the dosage could be adjusted rapidly and safely. At low doses side effects are infrequent. There was no organ toxicity and no CNS effect. Guanadrel should be an effective step II or step III drug for treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7206176 TI - Assessing risks of rubella infection during pregnancy. A standardized approach. AB - Three algorithms have been prepared that should permit a rational and consistent assessment of the likelihood of acute rubella infection in the pregnant woman whose previous rubella immune status is unknown, and the attendant risks, if any, to her unborn child. PMID- 7206177 TI - Rapid detection of pyuria by leukocyte esterase activity. PMID- 7206178 TI - Acute renal failure in a patient with polycystic kidney disease. PMID- 7206180 TI - Advertising and tobacco. PMID- 7206181 TI - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. PMID- 7206179 TI - Rubella in pregnancy: a guide to rational counseling. PMID- 7206182 TI - Echocardiographic study of the Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy. AB - The present study was undertaken in an attempt to clarify whether or not any relationship exists between the echocardiographic indices of cardiac function and the severity of progressive muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type (PMD). A total of 75 patients with PMD was used for analysis. Among the echocardiographic parameters measured in the study, the maximal diastolic endocardial velocity (DEVM) and ejection fraction (EF) revealed a gradual decreasing tendency with increasing severity of the disorder. It can be concluded therefore that DEVM and EF may represent useful indices in the assessment of cardiac function in PMD. PMID- 7206183 TI - Application of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass for profound hypothermia in cardiac surgery. AB - Profound hypothermia with core cooling has been considered unsafe as compared with surface cooling because of the induced metabolic acidosis. We carried out studies on mongrel dogs to determine whether or nor conventional cardiopulmonary bypass with pulsatile blood flow for core cooling could replace the bypass with non-pulsatile flow. The recovery time from anoxic damage of the brain due to circulatory arrest was also studied. Cerebral excess lactate (delta XL) (Huckabee) was determined throughout the course of hypothermia. During the cooling period from 30 degrees C down to 20 degrees C, the mean value of delta XL in the pulsatile group was significantly lower than that in the non-pulsatile group (p less than 0.01). After forty minutes of the first total arrest at 20 degrees C, thirty minutes of pulsatile perfusion tended to eliminate the anaerobic metabolism of the brain caused by the first total circulatory arrest (p less than 0.1). Thus, the anaerobic metabolism in the brain appears to be highly suppressed with pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass during the cooling period. Correction of congenital heart disease in infancy can probably be more safely performed if pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass for cooling and rewarming is employed instead of the non-pulsatile bypass. PMID- 7206184 TI - Eisenmenger syndrome: measurement of left atrial volume. AB - Three cases with Eisenmenger syndrome were reported. Two of then were infants and one was adolescent. In the infant cases, the left atrial volume was small and the left atrial volume change ratio was large. In the adolescent case, the left atrial volume was large and the left atrial volume change ratio was reduced. In the adolescent case, the decrease in the left atrial volume change ratio probably caused the pulmonary hypertension, but in the infant cases, the left atrial volume change ratio was not decreased and therefore this cannot be the cause of the pulmonary hypertension. The brain damage with microcephaly might play a role in the development of the high pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 7206185 TI - Panel discussions on present status and future of clinical electrocardiology. PMID- 7206186 TI - The potential distribution on the epicardial surface and in the surrounding volume conductor. AB - An experimental study was performed on the potential distribution surrounding the heart. The dog heart was isolated, perfused with Tyrode solution and was placed in a spherical container filled with the same solution. The potential measurement was made at 156 sites on the epicardial surface as well as at the same number of locations on the corresponding surface in the solution 0.5 to 2.0 cm apart from the epicardium. The results indicated that considerable simplification of isopotential lines occurred already at a distance of 2 cm from the heart. With the electrode array on the spherical surface enclosing the heart, similar maps were constructed and an index to express the complexity of the map was calculated. With artificial extrasystoles arising from an epicardial site, the potential on the epicardium showed a main negative area with very closely located positive areas. The basis and methods for the determination of epicardial potential from the surface measurements were critically discussed. PMID- 7206187 TI - Spatial electrocardiography. AB - Spatial electrocardiography can express the spatial characteristics of electromotive forces of the heart quantiatively. The pattern of the sequential changes of these spatial characteristics of the cardiac vectors also provides important diagnostic informations. Accordingly, spatial electrocardiography is considered to be useful in clinical cardiology in association with conventional electrocardiography and vectorcardiography. PMID- 7206188 TI - On current topics and future prospects in electrocardiography. AB - Some selected topics and future prospects in electrocardiography were stated, namely, electrocardiograph, computer interpretation of electrocardiogram, body surface mapping and electrocardiography at large. Special attention was paid to computer application to signal processing and decision making with respect to electrocardiography. A brief review for inverse problem in electrocardiography was made as well. In regard to body surface mapping, another way of expression of the maps was proposed where, instead of routine isopotential map, isochrone map for ventricular activation time of QRS complexes was used for representing the ventricular electrophysiologic activities. PMID- 7206189 TI - Current status and future direction of clinical electrocardiography: His bundle electrogram. AB - Recordings of His bundle electrogram combined with stimulation method are very useful to diagnose the locations of conduction disturbance, to understand the mechanisms of arrhythmias and to evaluate the electrophysiologic properties of the A-V conducting system. However, there remain some unsolved problems regarding the electrophysiologic interpretations and prognostic implications based on His bundle electrograms. In this panel discussion, some aspects with regard to the usefulness and limitations of His bundle electrogram will be discussed from our data obtained in 300 patients. PMID- 7206190 TI - Intracardiac stimulation for the diagnosis of arrhythmia. AB - Intracardiac stimulation (IS) has been widely used as the diagnostic method for various kinds of arrhythmias. Our results as to IS are as follows: 1) Since sinus recovery time (SNRT) closely correlated with basic cycle length (BCL) in 71 normal cases (r = 0.82, p less than 0.001), upper range of SNRT in normal was expressed as SNRT = 1.4BCL + 451 msec. 2) Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) induced by IS was fairly similar to the spontaneous PSVT (107 cases). Therefore, IS can be used to confirm the diagnosis of PSVT and also to evaluate the effectiveness of antiarrhythmic agents on PSVT. 3) Although induction or termination of ventricular tachycardia by IS may be useful in a general sense, dangerous tachyarrhythmias were sometimes provoked, indicating this test should be carried out under the utmost care. PMID- 7206191 TI - The reappraisal fo ST segment elevation as an index of infarct size in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. AB - The clinical meaning or precordial ST segment mapping for assessment of infarct size was studied in 12 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. sigma ST39 (the sum of ST segment elevations in 39 precordial leads), sigma STV1--6 (the sum of ST segment elevations in the standard chest leads) and STMAX (the maximum of ST segment elevation in 39 precordial leads) were obtained serially after the onset from precordial electrocardiographic mapping records. The infarct size and the time (Tf) when the evolution of myocardial infarction finished were calculated by the total creatine phosphokinase released (sigma CPK) and serial changes in CPK releasing rate, respectively. sigma STV1--6 at Tf, as closely as sigma ST39 (r = 0.82, p less than 0.01), correlated with sigma CPK (r = 0.79, p less than 0.01). Even STMAX at the time of Tf significantly correlated with sigma CPK (r = 0.60, p less than 0.05), although the correlation coefficient was not so well as the former two. These results showed that sigma STV1--6 reflected infarct size as satisfactorily as sigma ST39 and could be useful for measuring infarct size. PMID- 7206192 TI - Present status of exercise testing in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. AB - The present status of exercise testing in coronary artery disease (CAD) was discussed in respect to test protocols, ECG criteria and lead systems, and hemodynamic responses. Advantages of modern multistage protocols over single stage ones such as Master two-step tests are obvious in diagnostic accuracy and patient's safety. Clinical significance of horizontal and downsloping ST depression has already been established. Diagnostic significance of other exercise-induced ECG alterations such as slow upsloping ST depression, ST elevation, U-wave inversion, and R-wave amplitude changes was discussed. The latter parameter is still controversial as to its clinical significance. Use of an inadequate ECG lead system is one of major causes of false negative tests. Necessity of multiple lead systems was emphasized for higher diagnostic accuracy. From the view point of cost-efficacy relation, we will recommend simultaneous recording of CC5 or CM5, V3 and CL or III in routine exercise testing for screening of CAD. Test results such as exercise time, and heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses are also useful parameters for the evaluation of the severity and prognosis of CAD. It was emphasized that in exercise monitoring of ECG and blood pressure is indispensible in multistage exercise testing for improvement of diagnostic accuracy as well as patient's safety. PMID- 7206193 TI - [Effect of brain calcium and magnesium on anesthetic requirement (MAC) in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206194 TI - [The low flow circle N2O anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206195 TI - [Nitrous oxide pollution during X-ray exposure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206196 TI - [Effects of fluid infusion on myocardial contractility during endotoxin shock (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206197 TI - [Study of energy metabolism during acute hypoxia. II. On the influence of moderate hypothermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206199 TI - [Analgesic effects of electroacupuncture upon experimental periostal and cutaneous pains. A signal detection theory analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206198 TI - [Caudal anesthesia for upper abdominal surgery in poor risk infants and children. II. The spread of local anesthetics and a simple calculation of necessary dose (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206200 TI - [Chemical sympathectomy for thromboangiitis obliterans. 1. Comparison of the effect and prognosis of the chemical sympathectomy with those of the surgical sympathectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206201 TI - [Potencies of doxapram on stimulating carotid-body chemoreceptors in the cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206202 TI - [A study of the effect on liver function of multiple exposures to anesthetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206203 TI - [Abnormal somato-psychical reaction due to large dose of pentazocine in ICU (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206204 TI - [Total airway management by using a guide. Difficult intubation in the newborn and young infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206205 TI - [A case report of malignant hyperthermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206206 TI - [Effects of halothane on the peripheral nervous conduction in cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206207 TI - [The cardiovascular hemodynamics during simple deep hypothermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206208 TI - [An experimental and clinical study of circulatory and respiratory functions under simple deep hypothermia by total spinal anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206209 TI - [Inhibitory action of glucocorticoid upon complement activation by endotoxic lipopolysaccharide.--II. Investigation on some synthetic glucocorticoid analogues in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206210 TI - [Effects of the stellate ganglion block on systolic time intervals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206212 TI - [Action of halothane to protect brain from hypoxia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206211 TI - [Controlled hypotension with large doses of trimethaphan (Arfonad) in scoliosis surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206213 TI - [Anaphylactic shock during spinal anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206214 TI - [Evaluation of amikacin intravenous therapy in pediatrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206215 TI - [Clinical study of cefoxitin in chronic respiratory tract infections: evaluation in poorly responding cases to other antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of cefoxitin (CFX) in chronic respiratory tract infection was evaluated in patients who poorly responded to other antibiotics. To 20 patients, CFX was administered 2 g b.i.d. intravenously by drip infusion. Clinical efficacy was judged based on the criteria by score. 1. Bacterial elimination rate with CFX was 73.7%. 2. A clinical cure rate was 80.0% was obtained by doctors in charge. 3. According to the score assessment, the overall clinical effectiveness rate was 60.0%, clinical symptom cure rate was 85.0% and improvement rate of X-ray findings was 55.0%. 4. Usefulness rate which was assessed by clinical effect and side effect was 70.0%. 5. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed in this study. We used the new antibiotic CFX in patients with chronic respiratory tract infections who responded poorly to other antibiotics and obtained satisfactory results. Especially CFX indicated more effective possibility in cases from whom Gram negative bacilli was isolated. PMID- 7206217 TI - [Clinical effect of KW-1062 on chronic complicated urinary tract infection]. AB - KW-1062 was administered intramuscularly at a daily dose of 360 mg for 5 days to 50 patients suffering from chronic complicated urinary tract infections. The following results were obtained. 1. Clinical response was excellent in 3 cases (6%), moderate in 23 (46%) and poor in 24 (48%); the overall effectiveness rate was 52%. 2. In bacteriological results, 58 (75.3%) out of 77 strains were eradicated and 19 strains (24.7%) persisted. P. aeruginosa was eradicated in 9 (52.9%) of 17 strains and Serratia in 10 (83.3%) of 12 strains. 3. The MIC levels of KW-1062 were slightly lower than those of gentamicin (GM) and almost the same as those of dibekacin (DKB). But against clinically isolated Serratia, KW-1062 was found to be more active than DKB. 4. As to side effects, this series showed no evidence of hepatic and renal dysfunction and hearing disturbance except a case which showed elevated GOT and GPT. PMID- 7206216 TI - [Radioimmunoassays of 3H-fortimicins (author's transl)]. AB - Radioimmunoassays for unique aminoglycoside antibiotics, three fortimicin components, have been developed using antisera obtained from rabbits injected with fortimicin A-, isofortimicin A- or fortimicin B-BSA conjugate, respectively. Fortimicins were tritiated with N-succinimidyl-[2, 3-3H] propionate. For fortimicin A, the standard curve was linear to logit-log plot yielding an sensitivity of 0.2 ng/tube. A correlation coefficient of 0.99 was obtained between the radioimmunoassay and a microbioassay for fortimicin A in human sera. In the assay cross-reaction occurred with fortimicin derivatives and there was no cross-reaction with neomycin, kanamycin, sagamicin, amikacin, dibekacin, penicillins and cephalosporins. From the comparison of the specificity observed in three kinds of antisera, the following conclusions have been obtained: (1) Anti-fortimicin A and anti-isofortimicin A antisera were specific for the corresponding haptens. (2) In fortimicin B-BSA conjugate and 3H labeled antigen of fortimicin B, the fortamine ring might be inverted from the 4C1 confirmation to the 1C4 conformation. Thus the specificity of anti-fortimicin B antisera for fortimicins resembled to that of anti-fortimicin A antisera. PMID- 7206218 TI - [Cephacetrile. Studies on absorption excretion and diffusion into heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206219 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cephacetrile (Celtol) for respiratory infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206220 TI - [The in vivo activity of tobramycin intravenous drip fusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206221 TI - The intravenous toxicity of dibekacin sulphate (DKB) to female beagle dogs. AB - Dibekacin sulphate (DKB), a new aminoglycoside antibiotic developed on the theory of bacterial resistance, was given by intravenous injection to groups of female Beagle dogs at dosages of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 or 25.0 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. Physiological saline was given as a control. Some dogs given 5.0 or 10.0 mg/kg/day were retained undosed for a further 5 weeks in order to assess recovery. Premature deaths from acute renal tubular nephrosis occurred in dogs given 25.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/day. Dogs which survived treatment at 10.0 mg/kg/day showed marked elevation of circulating urea and creatinine concentrations after 4 weeks' treatment but thereafter the increases became less obvious. Varying degrees of renal cortical tubular dilatation, basophilia, degeneration or necrosis were seen in the kidneys of all dogs examined after 13 weeks treatment although no clinical impairment of renal function was detectable at dosages up to 5.0 mg/kg/day. These changes had essentially regressed in dogs examined 5 weeks after the last dose of DKB at 5.0 mg/kg/day. All the adverse clinical and histological effects noted, following any dose level of DKB tested, could be attributed to renal changes. PMID- 7206222 TI - [Microbiological assay method of cefadroxil in biological specimens (author's transl)]. AB - A microbiological method for quantitative determination of cefadroxil in biological specimens is described. This method is essentially a cylinder-plate or a paper-disc method using Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 as the test organism grown in the tryptosoya broth added with 1.5% agar. Cefadroxil standard calibration curves are prepared in pooled human serum, moni-trol I or consera for the determination of serum level of human, and 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) to determine urine level. Cefadroxil in human serum and urine specimens can be measured by cylinder-plate method as low as 0.16 approximately 0.31 micrograms/ml and 0.08 approximately 0.16 micrograms/ml, respectively. Further, any active metabolites of cefadroxil were not detected on human and rat urine specimens by bioautography. PMID- 7206223 TI - [Studied on protein binding of cefadroxil and some other cephalosporins (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Human serum protein binding of cefadroxil and some other cephalosporins were determined by centrifugal ultrafiltration (U.F.) method and equilibrium dialysis (E.D.) method. The binding rates of cefadroxil were 28.1% by U.F. method and 3.8% (beta 1*), 11.6% (beta 2*) by E.D. method. 2. Protein binding of cefadroxil with sera of various animal species were also determined by E.D. method. The binding rates were low as well as that with human serum. 3. With two popular calculation formula for E.D. method, binding rate was considered on the alteration of the ratio of V2/V1. PMID- 7206224 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cefadroxil in rats: comparison of fasting and non-fasting (author's transl)]. AB - A single dose 50 mg/kg of cefadroxil was administered orally to rats in fasting and non-fasting. In both fasting and non-fasting, the serum levels of cefadroxil were higher than those of cephalexin. In fasting, the biological half-life (T 1/2) of cefadroxil was longer than that of cephalexin. This indicates its prolonged durable action. Ingestion of cefadroxil with food affected the serum level less than that of cephalexin with food, and the serum levels of cefadroxil in non-fasting were same as those of cephalexin in fasting. PMID- 7206225 TI - [Maintenance therapy with low-dose of melphalan in multiple myeloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206226 TI - [Studies on erythroid burst forming unit in children--burst promoting activity in children with idiopathic aplastic anemia and human placental conditioned medium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206227 TI - [Clinical study on the multiple myeloma--especially with respect to the effects of treatments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206228 TI - [Clinical significance of liver biopsy in patients with hematological malignant diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206229 TI - [In vitro interaction between monocytes and complement-coated erythrocytes of patients with immune hemolytic anemia : effect of corticosteroid treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206230 TI - [Aplastic anemia with antiplatelet iso-antibody and intracerebral hemorrhage--a case report of a child treated by platelet transfusion, splenectomy and craniotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206233 TI - [Osmotic regulation: potassium deficiency]. PMID- 7206231 TI - [Morphology of the mesencephalo-posterior pituitary system]. PMID- 7206232 TI - [Renal hemodynamics]. PMID- 7206234 TI - [Osmotic regulation: hypercalcemia]. PMID- 7206235 TI - [Osmotic regulation: the corticosteroid system]. PMID- 7206236 TI - [Hyperosmolar syndrome--classification and symptoms]. PMID- 7206237 TI - [Diabetes insipidus--occurrence in Japan and its management]. PMID- 7206238 TI - [Differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus and psychogenic polydipsia]. PMID- 7206240 TI - [Osmoregulation in kidney failure]. PMID- 7206239 TI - [Animal models for diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 7206241 TI - [Osmoregulation in pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7206243 TI - [Asymptomatic hyponatremia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206242 TI - [Congenital anomaly of the kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206244 TI - [Essential hypernatremia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206245 TI - [Inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206246 TI - [Congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 7206247 TI - [Secondary hyperparathyroidism with marked calcification of the cardiovascular system--an autopsy report]. PMID- 7206249 TI - [From internal medicine to pathology: 117 cases selected from CPC's of universities and hospitals in Japan]. PMID- 7206248 TI - [Circulatory symptoms in multiple sclerosis--a case with transient hypertension, tachycardia and subendocardial infarction]. PMID- 7206250 TI - [Blood level measurements of drugs in clinical pharmacokinetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206252 TI - [Cytologic diagnosis of malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206251 TI - [New classification of malignant lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206253 TI - [Classification and clinical course of malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206254 TI - [Fibrous dysplasia with unusual histological patterns. A surgical case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206255 TI - [Prevalence of latent prostatic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206256 TI - [Individual difference quotient of clinical laboratory data (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206257 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the determination in platelet aggregability (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206259 TI - [Normal values for blood chemistry changes in values of some liver function tests and serum lipids during the growth period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206258 TI - [Assay method of plasma plasminogen by means of a synthetic fluorogenic peptide substrate (3104-V) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206260 TI - [A study of somatosensory evoked potentials by mechanical stimuli in normal adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206261 TI - [A colorimetric method using 2,6-dichloroquinonechloroimide as color reagent for the determination of alkaline phosphatase in serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206262 TI - [Some problems of the anatomic pathology in a city hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206263 TI - Cell, tissue and organ banks in Japan with special reference to the study of premature aging. AB - Cell and tissue banking facilities exist in Japan in a) 7 laboratories of national institutions, for the conservation of living organisms, b) the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, operating its own bank of cultured human cells for aging research, c) the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research which is performing pilot experiments for cell research and cell banking, and d) more than 50 laboratories operating small-scale repositories in the fields of cancer research, virology, genetics, gerontology, radiation biology, cell biology, and cell physiology. Except for several eye banks, no organ banks have yet been developed in Japan. As an example of cell and tissue banking, some details for studying a premature aging syndrome, i.e., Wistar's syndrome (WS) is shown. Four cases of autopsied WS patients and more than 20 clinically traced WS patients have been reported in Japan. At present, cultured skin cells from more than 20 WS patients and skin tissues from several WS patients for the initiation of culture, are on deposit and under investigation. PMID- 7206264 TI - Establishment of tissue culture cell strains from normal fetal human liver and kidney. AB - Three cells strains of tissue culture were established from normal fetal human liver and kidney tissues. The rate of cell proliferation decreased with time after the primary culture. The cells were rarely subcultured, but the medium was renewed routinely twice a week. After 9 months of cultivation, the cells were found in both tissues to have abruptly begun to proliferate rapidly, but only in the group culture in the medium containing galactose and sodium pyruvate in place of glucose. No special treatment were given to these cultures, e.g. treatment with viruses, chemical carcinogens and others. The chromosome number was kept around diploid in the beginning but was shifted to hypotriploid after the establishment. The cell strain from liver consists of epithelial cells. The cell strains from kidney consist of mixed population of various kinds of cells. Doubling time of cells is about 33.4 hours in all of them, as determined by cinemicrography. This might be the first establishment of cell strains from untreated, normal human tissues. PMID- 7206266 TI - Thrombocytopenia as a prominent feature of progressive systemic sclerosis and the probable role of immune complexes. PMID- 7206265 TI - Annual fluctuation of Schistosoma japonicum infection in field rats, Rattus rattus mindanensis, in Dagami, Leyte, Philippines. AB - The annual fluctuation of Schistosoma japonicum infection in field rats, Rattus rattus mindanensis, in Leyte, the Philippines was investigated. One hundrend live traps were set for one week every month from February, 1978 to February, 1979, in and around Central Elementary School II, Diagami, Leyte. Out of 199 rats, 163 (81.9%) were infected. The prevalence rate of S. japonicum infecton in rats was high during the relatively dry season, April to July, 1978. Meanwhile, the prevalence rate of schistosome cercariae in Oncomelania quadrasi of the study area increased during the relatively rainy season, October, 1978 to February, 1979. It is supposed that miracidia hatched from eggs discharged in the feces of rats during the relatively dry season would encounter snails, following which the emerging cercariae would penetrate the mammalian hosts, such as humans and rats, during the relatively rainy season. This might be the transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis in the endemic areas of Leyte. It is also suggested that this annual prevalence rate could be used as a parameter to formulate and evaluate control works. No infection was established in the youngest age group, the weanling. Then, the prevalence increased gradually by age. All rats of the older age group were infected. According to age composition, the field rat had no definite breeding season in Leyte. COP reaction was weak in sera of infected rats, but strongly exhibited in sera from rats possessing eggs in the spleen. Consequently, field rats not only maintain the infection as reservoir hosts, but also are an important source of infection as definitive hosts in the endemic areas of Leyte Island. Specifically, the rat role must be stressed, should human schistosomiasis ever be controlled. PMID- 7206267 TI - Modification of nuclepore filtration technique for microfilaria detection. PMID- 7206268 TI - [Histogenic study of gastric carcinoid -- endoscopical and histopathological analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206269 TI - [A study of gastrin release on secretin provocation test -- special reference to the stage of gastric and duodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206270 TI - [Cell proliferation kinetics in the mucosa of gastric ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206271 TI - [Effects of fatty liver and fatty acid composition of dietary fat upon alcohol metabolism in rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206272 TI - [Serum factors to support lymphocyte blastogenesis in patients with liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206273 TI - [The constitutional indocyanine green excretory defect -- the clinicopathological study of 10 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206276 TI - [A follow-up study of the pancreatic duct changes by ERCP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206277 TI - [Clinical use of reconstructed coronal and sagittal images of pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206278 TI - [Ultrasonically guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of the pancreas. VI: Clinical evaluation of percutaneous puncture of pancreatic cysts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206275 TI - [Mild bile acid malabsorption and normal excretion of fecal hydroxy fatty acids in patients with chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206274 TI - [Changes of RNase activity on DIPN induced experimental pancreatic cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206279 TI - [Four cases of intestinal Behcet Disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206282 TI - [Effect of secretin on gastrointestinal motor activity. A study on initiation of duodenal secretin-induced migrating motor complexes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206281 TI - [Study of gastric emptying in ulcer patients using gastroscintigram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206280 TI - [An autopsy case of carcinoid tumor of the gall bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206284 TI - [Binding of sulfobromophthalein and indocyanine green with cytoplasmic proteins in rat and human liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206283 TI - [Studies on motilin release and its mechanism in normal subjects and patients with peptic ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206285 TI - [Biochemical studies on the cholestatic factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206286 TI - [Evaluation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme separated by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis--special reference to variant ALP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206287 TI - [The diagnostic significance of rapid turnover serum proteins in prediction of severe form of acute hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206288 TI - [Factors influencing the cholesterol dissolution ability in human bile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206290 TI - [A case of entire duodenal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206289 TI - [A case of severe strongyloidiasis presenting intestinal obstruction with incompetent duodenal papilla (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206292 TI - [Diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas in early stage. Review of 1210 cases collected from 63 major clinics in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206291 TI - [Two autopsy cases of lupoid hepatitis with submassive hepatic necrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206294 TI - [Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the gallbladder by ultrasound guidance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206295 TI - [Topics on gastric ulcer]. PMID- 7206293 TI - [Changes in HDL-cholesterol in hepatobiliary disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206296 TI - [A study on serum glycoprotein in arteriosclerosis with special reference to diabetes mellitus, hypertension and aortic arch calcification -- an examination by gel chromatography and cellulose acetate electrophoresis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206299 TI - [Study on the accumulation of lipofuscin in the human cardiac, hepatic and adrenal cells, with special reference to aging and other factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206297 TI - [Quantitation of cholesterol levels in HDL subfractions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206298 TI - [HDL-cholesterol levels in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disorders before and after suffering apoplectic strokes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206300 TI - [The diagnostic value of measurement of Achilles tendon thickness by skin fold caliper for discrimination of familial hypercholesterolemia and non-familial hypercholesterolemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206302 TI - [A geronto-psychiatric 5-year follow-up study on age-related dementia in those residing in the community (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206301 TI - [Effect of pantethine on the lipoprotein abnormalities in survivors of cerebral infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206304 TI - Genetic polymorphism of the second component of human complement (C2) in Japanese. PMID- 7206303 TI - [Effects of age, sex and obesity on high density lipoprotein cholesterol and phospholipids in normal subjects and in patients with ischemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206305 TI - A case with a terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7. PMID- 7206306 TI - [A simple method for monitoring ozone exposure (author's transl)]. AB - A simple passive type sampling device has been developed for personal monitoring of ozone exposure in the workshop of welding. Atmospheric ozone is collected on a filter paper soaked in 1,2-di-(4-pyridyl)-ethylene. Pyridine-4-aldehyde is produced by the ozonolysis reaction. Analysis of the results showed the time weighted (TWA) exposure concentration of ozone. The relationship showed a good linearity between the pyridine-4-aldehyde produced and the ozone concentration. Coefficient of variation of the data of measurement after exposure was less than 10%. and the range of the data was from 0.05 to above 1.42 ppm hr. Promising results have been obtained in the data of controlled exposures to nitrogen dioxide, and excellent stability for delayed analysis after sampling. According to these results, we believe that the simple sampling device can be used for the evaluation of personal exposure dose for ozone. PMID- 7206307 TI - [Petroleum benzine polyneuropathy occurred in a worker engaged in cleaning gas meters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206308 TI - [The correlation between the score evaluation of radiographic severity and the pulmonary function in pneumoconiosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206309 TI - [An investigation on the consciousness of environmental measurement of workshop (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206310 TI - [The amount of cresols excreted in the urine in normal male Japanese subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206311 TI - [Retention of organic solvent vapors in plastic bags (Part 2) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206312 TI - Food consumption of mice in the static magnetic fields of moderate strength. PMID- 7206313 TI - [System development and clinical application of long-term electrocardiogram recording and high-speed analysis thereof (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206315 TI - [A mathematical model of the body fluid control system (author' transl)]. PMID- 7206314 TI - [Stabilization of the cardiokymograph and its characteristics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206316 TI - [A study of the development of ISCHEM (information system for coronary heart evaluation and management) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206317 TI - [Automatic setting of regions of interest on RI angiocardiography for the generation of washout curves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206318 TI - [Quantitative diagnosis of arrhythmia by the serial scatter diagrams of RR interval (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206319 TI - [Stimulus-switching apparatus for the study of a nerve-muscle preparation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206320 TI - [Peak-holder of high accuracy for the analysis of contraction of a nerve-muscle preparation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206321 TI - [A linear displacement transducer by means of photo-potentiometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206322 TI - Japan's experience in pertussis epidemiology and vaccination in the past thirty years. AB - The experience in Japan that pertussis was controlled by the nation-wide regular vaccination and that the reincrease of case notification occurred recently after the decrease of vaccine acceptance rate upholds the view that pertussis vaccine produced under the national control system is fully protective. Though the recent decrease of the vaccine acceptance rate was due to the public reaction to rather imbalaanced arguments concerning the vaccine risk, it is also true that a more potent and less toxic component vaccine is urgently needed at this moment. PMID- 7206323 TI - Hemagglutination-inhibiting immunoglobulin A antibody in the serum of patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. AB - In convalescent-phase sera of patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever, hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody of immunoglobulin (Ig) A class, in both monomeric and oligomeric forms, was detected. It was found to be less type specific than IgM HI, and as broadly cross-reacting as IgG HI antibodies. PMID- 7206324 TI - [Clinical study of hemofiltration (HF) and hemodiafiltration (HDF) therapy--their efficacy and indications. The results of 3640 treatments in 60 cases from 15 hospitals and statistical comparison with hemodialysis (HD) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206325 TI - [Pulse therapy to lipoid nephrosis--comparison with steroid therapy of International Study of Kidney Diseases of Children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206326 TI - [Clinicopathological studies of immunoglobulin A associated idiopathic glomerulonephritis in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206327 TI - [A comparative morphometric study on the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane in primary glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206328 TI - [The role of HBe antigen in the pathogenesis of HB-virus associated membranous glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206329 TI - [A study on calcium metabolism in renal failure--clinical aspects and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206330 TI - [Immunological study on the pathogenesis of the interstitial nephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206332 TI - [Aluminium accumulation in patients with chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206331 TI - [Clinicopathological study on lupus nephritis (characteristic findings by electron microscopy) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206333 TI - [Experimental glomerulonephritis in nude mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206334 TI - [Plasma catecholamine concentration and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206335 TI - [Quantification of total myoglobin depletion after acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206337 TI - [Clinical evaluation of 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy to detect inflammatory lesions in patients with unknown fever (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206336 TI - [Quantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow by measurement of fractional myocardial uptake of 201Tl (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206338 TI - [Reproducibilities of radionuclide left ventricular analysis and studies on functional images of left ventricular performance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206339 TI - [Clinical comparison of radionuclide cisternography and computed tomography in CSF circulatory disturbance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206340 TI - [A quantitative approach to the analysis of the thallium-201 myocardial scintigram (evaluation by circumferential profile method) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206342 TI - [Studies on effect of iodine restriction on thyroidal 131I-uptake (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206341 TI - [Clinical comparison of 99mTc-microsphere albumin and 99mTc-phytate for evaluation of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206343 TI - [Radioisotope venography with 99mTc-MAA in the demonstration of the lower extremities, iliac and inferior caval veins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206344 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of C-peptide radioimmunoassay kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206345 TI - [Measurement of serum ferritin values double antibody radioimmunoassay kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206346 TI - [Cold lesions demonstrated on bone scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206347 TI - [Clinical preference of combined renoscintiphotography and ultrasonography in the renal mass diagnoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206348 TI - [Monitoring of 131I excretions and used materials of patients treated with 131I along with the air contamination level]. PMID- 7206349 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function by single probe system (nuclear stethoscope) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206350 TI - [Fundamental studies of TSH radioimmunoassay by delayed addition method and precipitate stabilizer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206351 TI - [A fundamental evaluation of the method calculating left ventricular ejection fraction using ECG gated cardiac pool image (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206352 TI - [Spatial dose distribution around the patient with 131I treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206353 TI - [Quality control of radiopharmaceuticals (II): evaluation of radioactive impurities in radiopharmaceuticals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206354 TI - [Diagnostic evaluation of 99mTc hepatobiliary scan in congenital biliary dilatation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206355 TI - [Clinical evaluation of Tc-99m-E-HIDA as a hepatobiliary imaging agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206356 TI - [Thyroxin in dried blood spot as a primary index in mass screening program for neonatal hypothyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206357 TI - Effects of nonspecific smooth muscle relaxants on tissue concentrations of high energy phosphates and mechanical activity of normal polarized and depolarized intestinal smooth muscles from guinea pig. AB - Effects of nonspecific smooth muscle relaxants, an uncoupler and removal of Ca ions from physiological solution on the tissue concentrations of high energy phosphates, such as ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) and tension of the normal polarized and KCl-depolarized intestinal smooth muscles of guinea pig were studied. Decrease of CP-concentration induced by dinitrophenol (DNP; 10(-4) M) was accompanied by relaxation of the normal polarized and KCl-depolarized smooth muscles. DNP slightly (but significantly) decreased ATP-concentration in the normal polarized and KCl-depolarized smooth muscles. Application of papaverine ( 3 x 10(-5) M) relaxed the normal polarized taenia immediately but increased CP concentration at 5 and 10 min and decreased the concentration at 20 min. When the depolarized smooth muscle was considerably relaxed by papaverine (3 x 10(10-5) M), there was little influence on the CP-concentration. After relaxation of the depolarized taenia as induced by papaverine had reached a maximal amplitude, CP concentration decreased significantly. ATP-concentration was little influenced by papaverine in the normal polarized and KCl-depolarized muscles. Although the treatments with a synthetic antispasmodic drug, Aspaminol (3 x 10(-4) M), which was found to inhibit Ca-uptake by the intestinal smooth muscles, a Ca-blocker, D 600 (10(-6) M) and removal of Ca ions from physiological solution relaxed the polarized and depolarized smooth muscles, the tissue concentrations of CP and ATP increased. These phenomena are considered to be due to decrease of the intracellular Ca-concentration. PMID- 7206358 TI - The suppressive effect of hepatic 9,000 x G supernatant fraction from 3 methylcholanthrene-treated rats on the mutagenic activity of 2 acetylaminofluorene. AB - Hepatic 9,000 x g supernatant (S9) fraction from 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) treated rats showed a significantly low activity in the in vitro conversion of 2 acetylaminofluorene (AAF) to mutagen(s), while S9 fraction from untreated or phenobarbital (PB)-treated rats showed a remarkable activity. The S9 fraction from MC-treated rats actually suppressed the PB-S9 mediated AAF mutagenicity. Since the suppressive effect of MC-S9 was lost by the addition of 10(-4) M alpha naphthoflavone (alpha-NF), rat specific cytochrome P-448 may be responsible for this suppressive effect. PMID- 7206359 TI - Effects of morphine on evoked potentials recorded from the amygdala by tooth pulp stimulation in cats. AB - Effects of intravenously administered morphine on the evoked potentials of the amygdala elicited by tooth pulp stimulation were examined in cats. The various evoked potentials were observed in regions of the amygdala such as nucleus amygdaloideus centralis (pars lateralis), nucleus amygdaloideus basalis (pars magnocellularis), nucleus amygdaloideus basalis (pars parvocellularis) and nucleus amygdaloideus lateralis. Evoked potentials were significantly decreased by morphine in four of the recorded regions. Morphine had no effect on the latency at any site of the amygdala observed. Depressant effects of morphine on evoked potentials were antagonized by naloxone in all 14 cats. This study indicates that there is a receptive field of pain in the amygdala which undoubtedly plays a role in emotion. PMID- 7206360 TI - Pharmacological studies on experimental nephritic rats (9). Changes in activities of urinary enzymes in the modified type of Masugi's nephritis and their sources. AB - Using a modified model of Masugi's nephritis of rats, various enzymatic activities in urine, serum and renal tissue (glomeruli or cortex) were determined at appropriate intervals after the administration of anti-kidney serum and compared with the urinary protein content and the kidney weight. In the urine, alkaline phosphatase (Al-Phosase), acid phosphatase (Ac-Phosase) and N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase (NA-beta-Gase) activities remarkably increased after the induction of nephritis, reached their peaks on the 10th day and reverted to almost the normal levels on the 30th day. The patterns of time course of these enzymatic activities were similar to patterns seen in the urinary protein content and the kidney weight. In the serum, the Al-Phosase activity decreased slightly, while NA-beta-Gase activity increased slightly. The Ac-Phosase activity in serum remained at normal levels during the experimental periods. In the glomeruli, the bound activities of these three enzymes decreased with nephritis, showing a negative correlation with results in the urine. On the other hand, fibrinolytic activities in the urine (plasmin-like enzyme) and renal cortex (plasminogen activator) also paralleled the urinary protein content and the kidney weight in the course of the disease. These results suggest that the Al-Phosase, Ac-Phosase and NA-beta-Gase excreted into urine in cases of nephritis may be mostly derived from damaged renal cells and one part of Al-Phosase may also come from the plasma. Moreover, the increase of plasmin-like enzyme in urine is considered to be due to the increase of plasminogen activator in the renal cortex. Thus, the determination of these enzymatic activities in the urine should be useful for evaluating effects of drugs for the treatment of nephritis. PMID- 7206361 TI - Ascorbic acid, an endogenous factor required for acetylcholine release from the synaptic vesicles. AB - The ACh-releasing factor, which is required for ACh release in presence of 2 mM ATP, 2 mM Mg and 10(-5) M Ca from isolated synaptic vesicles, was purified from the synaptosomal cytoplasm of rat brain by Sephadex G-15, DEAE-Sephadex, Sephadex G-10 and AG50W-2X column chromatographies and identified as ascorbic acid. A low concentration of L-ascorbic acid (5 x 10(-6) M) produced a release of ACh from the vesicles in the presence of ATP, MgCl2 and CaCl2, as did synaptosomal cytoplasm. This release of ACh induced by L-ascorbic acid was found to be dissociable from formation of lipid peroxide. These findings are discussed in relation to the physiological role of L-ascorbic acid in the brain. PMID- 7206362 TI - Studies on antitumor polysaccharides, especially D-II, from mycelium of Coriolus versicolor. AB - A water-soluble polysaccharide, D-II with marked antitumor activity was isolated from the cultured mycelium of Coriolus versicolor by extraction with hot-water, fractional precipitation with ethanol and ion-exchange chromatography. D-II strongly inhibited the growth of Sarcoma-180 transplanted subcutaneously in mice by intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous or intra-muscular administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg. the molecular weight was estimated to be 2,000,000 by gel filtration or 6,500,000 by light scattering analysis. The chemical structure of D II was then investigated by periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, Smith degradation, and a combination of controlled Smith degradation and methylation analysis. These studies proposed that D-II is composed of a unit structure of four D-glucose residues, and is a glucan consisting of beta-D-1,3-linked main chain in which one for every three D-glucose residues is branched at C-6 with beta-D-1,6-linkage. PMID- 7206363 TI - Comparative study of human intestinal and hepatic esterases as related to enzymatic properties and hydrolizing activity for ester-type drugs. AB - In attempts to determine the exact role of intestinal esterase in the body, we purified esterases from human intestinal mucosa and liver, and compared the enzymatic properties and substrate specificities with those of purified esterases. Esterase from human liver was purified 58-fold, by treatment with butanol, DE-52 and DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatographies, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing. The purified preparation showed a single band by polyacylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of intestinal and hepatic esterases were determined to be 53,000-55,000 and 180,000, respectively, by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The activity of the purified intestinal and hepatic esterases was strongly inhibited by diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate and diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and was not inhibited by eserine sulfate and p-chloromercuribenzoate. Moreover, the purified esterases hydrolyzed ester-type drugs such as aspirin, clofibrate, indanyl carbenicillin and procaine. Hepatic esterase had properties similar to those of intestinal esterase with respect to the sensitivity to organophosphate and the substrate specificity. However, the two purified esterases differed in properties such as molecular weight, isoelectric point, thermostability and optimal pH. PMID- 7206364 TI - Dual effects of a basic anti-inflammatory agent, 2-aminomethyl-4-t-butyl-6 iodophenol hydrochloride (MK-447), on biosynthesis of prostaglandin endoperoxides. AB - Effects of MK-447 on prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide formation from arachidonic acid by bovine seminal vesicle microsomes in the presence of cofactors (hemoglobin and tryptophan) were studied by cascade superfusion on rabbit aorta and mesenteric artery and rat stomach and colon. In the presence of hemoglobin (0.2 muM), MK-447 (up to 30 muM) accelerated PG endoperoxide formation, as tryptophan did, whereas higher concentrations of MK-447 lost the acceleration effect and finally inhibited the PG endoperoxide formation. Increased concentration of hemoglobin (2 muM) shifted the dose of MK-447 for peak generation from 30 to 100 muM. Thus, MK-447 shows dual action, acceleration and inhibition, on the PG endoperoxide formation. PMID- 7206365 TI - Effect of apomorphine on morphine-induced decrease in locomotor activity and increase in dopamine turnover in rats. PMID- 7206366 TI - Studies on the difference in the biological activities induced by pyrogen in rabbits restrained by two different methods. PMID- 7206367 TI - Abundance and location of 125-I-salmon calcitonin binding site in rat brain. PMID- 7206368 TI - Effects of calcium antagonists and lidocaine on conduction delay induced by acute myocardial ischemia in dogs. AB - Effects of calcium antagonists and lidocaine on the conduction delay observed in the ischemic myocardium were studied in 24 open-chest anesthetized dogs. Acute myocardial ischemia was produced by complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 5 to 10 minutes. The conduction time was measured from the initial deflection of V waves on the His bundle electrograms to the major deflection of the bipolar electrograms recorded from the ischemic and non-ischemic subepicardium under a constant atrial pacing. LAD occlusion produced conduction delay in the ischemic zone (14.3 +/- 2.3 msec, p less than 0.001) with no effect on the normal zone. This ischemia-induced conduction delay was reversible and rate-dependently increased. Administration of lidocaine (2 mg/kg bolus, 4.3 mg/kg/hr constant infusion) prior to the second occlusion increased conduction delay by 12.9 +/- 1.9 msec (p less than 0.001) whereas diltiazem (0.4 mg/kg i.v.) and verapamil (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) reduced the ischemia-induced conduction delay by 12.7 +/- 4.9 msec (p less than 0.05) and 8.4 +/- 1.8 msec (p less than 0.001), respectively. These results indicate that slow channel blocking agents reduce the conduction delay induced by the myocardial ischemia, in contrast with the prolonging effect of lidocaine. PMID- 7206370 TI - Stimulatory action of lisuride on dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the rat striatal homogenate. AB - Effect of lisuride, an ergot derivative of isolysergic structure, on dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase was studied in the homogenate of rat corpus striatum. Stimulatory action of lisuride, similar to the actions of dopamine and apomorphine, on striatal adenylate cyclase was potentiated significantly by guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and by guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (GMP-PNP), although with lisuride alone, there was only a slight stimulation. The maximal stimulation attained in the presence of GTP corresponded to about 1.4 times the basal rate of cyclic AMP formation in the homogenate and was abolished by an addition of haloperidol. Lisuride at a concentration about 3 microM inhibited stimulation of cyclic AMP formation by dopamine. The effect of lisuride and the extent of potentiation by the guanyl nucleotides were almost comparable to the effects of apomorphine, under corresponding conditions. Thus, lisuride, like apomorphine, acts as a partial agonist-antagonist, and has the ability to stimulate the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the rat corpus striatum. PMID- 7206371 TI - Possible mechanisms of a new type of antispasmodic drug, BTM-1042(cis-(--)-2,3 dihydro-3-(4-methyl-piperazinyl)methyl-2-phenyl-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one dihydrochloride). AB - A newly synthesized compound, BTM-1042 (cis-(--)-2,3-dihydro-3-(4-methyl piperazinyl)methyl-2-phenyl-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one dihydrochloride) depressed the twitch responses of the ileum from guinea pig to electrical stimulation at 0.1 Hz. This inhibitory action of BTM-1042 was not influenced by naloxone, a narcotic antagonist. BTM-1042 proved to be almost as active as atropine on electrically stimulated ileum. BTM-1042 also blocked muscarinic receptors but the potency was about 1/3 of that of atropine. The responses of the ileum of guinea pig to nicotine and 5-hydroxytryptamine also were inhibited by BTM-1042. However, BTM-1042 did not influence the release of transmitters from motor, sympathetic, nonadrenergic inhibitory (or purinergic nerve), noncholinergic excitatory nerves and responses of various smooth muscles mediated through drug receptors, except for the acetylcholine receptor. Spontaneous movement of the unanaesthetized rabbit stomach was dose dependently depressed by BTM-1042 (0.04--0.2 mg/kg, i.v.). The potency ratio for BTM-1042 relative to atropine was 7.4. BTM-1042 is apparently a new type of potent, antispasmodic drug. PMID- 7206369 TI - Comparative study of the secretory response to dopamine and seven amino acid conjugated derivatives on the blood-perfused canine pancreas. AB - The secretory responses to seven dopamine amino acid conjugated derivatives were compared with those to dopamine, using blood-perfused canine pancreas preparations. Each of these dopamine derivatives produced a dose dependent increase in the secretion of pancreatic juice. The rank order of the secretory responses and relative potency (dopamine = 1) was: N-Ileu-dopamine (0.4) greater than N-Ala-Glu-dopamine (0.2) greater than N-gamma-Glu-dopamine (0.1) = N-Gly-Pro dopamine (0.1) greater than N-Gly-=Gly-dopamine (0.01) greater than N-Gly-Gly-Leu dopamine (0.005) = N-Gly-Gly-Pro-dopamine (0.005). The duration of action of doses of the derivatives which produced approximately equal secretory responses was about 1.2--2.7 times longer than that of dopamine. Dopamine and N-Ileu dopamine which has the most potent secretagogue property among seven dopamine derivatives produced a secretin-like secretion of the pancreatic juice containing a high concentration of bicarbonate but had little effect on protein output with lower amylase activity. PMID- 7206373 TI - Aspirin inhibition of hypercalcemic effect of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in rats. AB - Interaction of calcium regulating hormone, active form of vitamin D3, and aspirin (ASA) was studied in rats. One alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha-OH-D3) produced a hypercalcemia in parathyroidectomized, thyroparathyroidectomized and thyroparathyroidectomized nephrectomized rats. The effect of 1 alpha-OH-D3 was inhibited by treatment with 200, 50 and 20 mg/kg p.o. of ASA. ASA did not stimulate the gut absorption of calcium in vitamin D deficient rats. These data suggest that ASA acts by inhibiting 1 alpha OH-D3 induced bone resorption. This is the first report demonstrating the inhibitory effect of ASA on bone resorption as induced by 1 alpha-OH-D3, although partial inhibition of bone resorption in vitro has been reported. PMID- 7206374 TI - A simple histochemical screening method for amine uptake. AB - A simple histochemical method for screening amine uptake in vitro is described. The filum terminale and the Vibratome sections of the caudate nucleus of reserpinized rats were used as the sources of noradrenaline (NA) and 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and as the sources of dopamine (DA) containing neurons, respectively. When incubated in an oxygenated medium (Krebs-Ringer) containing the corresponding amines, these preparations effectively accumulated the amines. 6-Hydroxytryptamine (6-HT) was used instead of 5-HT because of its stronger fluorescence and lower photo-decomposition of beta-carboline formed from 6-HT. The inhibitory patterns of representative uptake inhibitors obtained by the present method agreed well with those reported previously by biochemical methods. Effects of other types of drugs were also studied. The present method is a simple, rapid and non-radioisotopic method for determining amine uptake inhibiting action of a drug and the degree and selectivity in which it acts on the three kinds of amines. PMID- 7206372 TI - Selective effect of ethanol on the vestibular nucleus neurons in the cat. AB - Effects of intravenous administration of ethanol on the neuronal activities of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) were investigated in cats. The LVN neurons were classified into three groups according to the latency of the first spike elicited by orthodromic vestibular nerve stimulation and antidromic vestibulospinal tract stimulation: monosynaptic, polysynaptic I and polysynaptic II neurons. Ethanol of 0.2--1.6 g/kg dose dependently suppressed the orthodromic spike generation of the monosynaptic and polysynaptic II neurons without affecting their latency and antidromic spike generation of the former neuron. The mean spike numbers of the monosynaptic and polysynaptic II neurons were significantly decreased with ethanol over 0.4 g/kg. The polysynaptic I neuron, however, remained unaffected by the drug up to 0.8 g/kg. Similarly, the spike generation of the STN relay neuron and interneuron elicited by trigeminal nerve stimulation remained unaltered with ethanol given in doses up to 0.8 g/kg. These results indicate that small doses of ethanol more selectively interfere with synaptic transmission in the LVN monosynaptic and polysynaptic II neurons than transmission in the STN relay neurons and interneurons. PMID- 7206375 TI - Dopamine receptor blocking activity of sulpiride in the canine exocrine pancreas. AB - The inhibitory effect of sulpiride on dopamine receptors was investigated in the exocrine pancreas of dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital and with the stomach ligated at the pylorus. All test substances were given intravenously. Dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine and secretin produced a dose-related increase in pancreatic juice secretion, though the dose-effect curves of these secretagogues differed in shape. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol, methamphetamine and serotonin had no secretagogue effects. The effects of acetylcholine and histamine were inhibited by atropine and cimetidine, respectively. The effect of dopamine was blocked by haloperidol, but not by atropine, cimetidine, phentolamine and propranolol. These results suggest that dopamine acts on specific dopamine receptors related to the exocrine pancreatic secretion. Haloperidol had no effect on the effects of acetylcholine and histamine, but did inhibit the secretin-induced secretion, though the inhibitory effect was to a lesser extent than on the dopamine response. Sulpiride and chlorpromazine also suppressed dose-dependently the dopamine-induced secretion. The inhibitory activity of sulpiride was almost the same as that of haloperidol, and 12 times more potent than that of chlorpromazine. Sulpiride was found to be a potent dopamine antagonist in the canine exocrine pancreas. PMID- 7206376 TI - A bradykinin-like substance in rat stomach. AB - A bradykinin (BK)-like substance (P1) in the rat stomach was extracted with acetic acid, n-butanol, distilled water and methanol. The gradient and equilibrium chromatography were carried out on SP-Sephadex C-25 columns with the extract containing P1. P1 had a different retention time from BK, kallidin and methionyl-lysyl-bradykinin (MLBK), on the equilibrium chromatography. The apparent molecular weight of P1 estimated by gel chromatography was over 1,300. P1 was classified as a biologically BK-like peptide of mammalian origin which is distinct from BK, kallidin and MLBK. Another kind of biologically active substance (P2) which contracts the isolated rat uterus and duodenum was detected during the course of the extraction and purification of P1. The contractile activity of P2 was abolished by the presence of dibenamine or methysergide, but was not influenced by chymotrypsin, trypsin or papain digestion. The hypotensive effect of P2 on rabbit blood pressure was similar to that of serotonin (5-HT). The retention times of P2 on the equilibrium chromatography on the SP-Sephadex C 25 column, and on the gel chromatography were the same as those of 5-HT. P2 proved to be 5-HT. PMID- 7206377 TI - Ouabain potentiation of rapid cooling contracture of caffeinized cardiac muscles in calcium deprived medium. AB - To obtain further evidence concerning the intracellular action of ouabain, we observed the effect of this compound on contractures evoked by rapid cooling in the presence of caffeine (rapid cooling caffeine contracture; RCCC), in cardiac muscles under conditions of a Ca deprived medium. The experiments were carried out at 20 degrees C using cat papillary muscles and frog ventricle strips, with the exception of cooling (2 degrees C). The muscles were first immersed in normal solution, electrically driven, then immersed in 1 mM EDTA solution for 6 min. The strips were then immersed for 10 min in a caffeine solution prepared by eluting a no-Ca solution containing 50 mM caffeine through Dowex A-1, Ca-chelating resin. Finally, the caffeine solution was exchanged with fresh caffeine solution of 2 degrees C to evoke to RCCC. Ouabain (1 X 10(-7)--1 X 10(-5) M) markedly potentiated RCCC. An ouabain-induced increase of RCCC did not appear in the resting strips unless the tissues were electrically stimulated. 3H-ouabain occupied a considerable cellular space (0.55) at the appearance of the ouabain potentiation of RCCC (14C-inulin space; 0.20). The appearance of the ouabain potentiation of RCCC was independent of changes in 22Na, Ca2+ and ATP contents in the strips. A possible mechanism of the potentiating effect of ouabain on contraction is discussed. PMID- 7206378 TI - Effects of tricyclic antidepressants on tetrabenazine-induced depletion of brain monoamines in rats. 1. Norepinephrine. AB - We studied the effects of tricyclic antidepressants on the tetrabenazine (TB) induced depletion of brain norepinephrine (NE) using rats. The test drugs were generally administered orally 3 hr before and 2 mg/kg of TB or reserpine (RES) administered subcutaneously 2 hr before sacrifice. The TB-induced NE depletion was enhanced by pretreatment with desmethylimipramine (DMI, 25--100 mg/kg), imipramine (IM, 25--100 mg/kg), chlorimipramine (100 mg/kg), maprotyrine (50 mg/kg), amitriptyrine (50--100 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (CPZ, 5--20 mg/kg i.p.,) and amphetamine sulfate (10 mg/kg). DMI partially suppressed TB-induced NE depletion at 0.5 hr after TB administration. The RES-induced NE depletion was not enhanced with these drugs except for amphetamine. DMI, IM, and CPZ suppressed it instead. DMI also enhanced the yohimbine (2 mg/kg)-induced decrease. The brain NE content showed a tendency toward recovery 2 hr after TB administration, but approached the minimal level at 0.5 hr after TB administration or at 2 hr after RES administration in non-treated rats. In pargyline-pretreated rats, TB produced a decrease of brain NE with an increase of normetanephrine, while the action of RES was weaker than that of TB, up to 2 hr. These results suggest that enhancement of the TB-induced brain NE depletion by tricyclic antidepressants reflects the blockage of NE reuptake from the synaptic cleft. PMID- 7206380 TI - Activation by phospholipase A2 of the catecholamine release from isolated chromaffin granules. PMID- 7206379 TI - Selective abolition of Ca-dependent responses of smooth and cardiac muscles by flunarizine. AB - The inhibitory effect of flunarizine on the Ca-dependent responses was compared with that of verapamil in isolated smooth and cardiac muscles. Flunarizine at a small dose shifted to the right the dose-response curve for Ca2+ of the phasic contraction due to electric stimuli in rabbit basilar strips, while in a large dose, flunarizine reduced the maximum tension and slope of the dose-response curve. The high K+-induced vasoconstriction of the rabbit basilar artery was inhibited by flunarizine. However, the action of flunarizine was about 30 times slower than findings with verapamil. The spontaneous activity of the rat portal vein was less susceptible to flunarizine, whereas that of rat uterus was completely inhibited by flunarizine. Flunarizine possessed moderate negative chronotropic and inotropic actions on the right atria and papillary muscles of the rabbit. Our experiments indicate that flunarizine is selective in antagonizing Ca-dependent contraction of the rabbit basilar artery, probably by blockade of the transmembrane Ca. It is also possible that the slow onset of action and nonsurmountable antagonism produced by flunarizine is due to other pharmacological interventions such as delayed effect of metabolites, stabilizing action or tight binding on the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscles. PMID- 7206381 TI - A comparison of radioimmunoassay with spectrophotometry for the determination of plasma diphenylhydantoin concentrations. PMID- 7206382 TI - Existence of a bradykinin-like substance, and influence of carbachol and atropine on kinin-forming and destroying activities, and kinin and kininogen contents in rat stomach. PMID- 7206383 TI - Effect of median raphe stimulation on hippocampal seizure discharge induced by carbachol in the rabbit. PMID- 7206384 TI - [An inducing mechanism of the Craik-O'Brien and the Cornsweet effects (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of edges on apparent lightness of the uniform luminous field was investigated in the so-called Craik-O'Brien and Cornsweet patterns as compared with that in the edgeless uniform field. It was found that white edge in the Craik-O'Brien pattern of Type II as well as a black edge in that of Type I lowered or darkened apparent lightness of the field on both side of the edge. The so-called Craik-O'Brien effect was due to assymmetry of the edge-effect on the two sides. The darkening effect of the white edge was explained by the antagonistic lateral inhibition. The same effect of the black edge was explained by a newly introduced concept of non-antagonistic inhibition. The Cornsweet effect was a combination of two edges, white and black, but not simply a summation but a complicated interaction of them. PMID- 7206385 TI - [Effects of stress comments on autonomic measures during the performance of a task (author's transl)]. AB - The present study examined the effects of stressful comments on autonomic measures during the performance of a task. Thirty subjects were assigned at random to the stress condition (S group) and to the nonstress condition (NS group). Negative and stressful comments were given to the S group. Positive and comfortable comments were given to the NS group after the performance. The results showed that heart rates were much higher during the performance than during the adaptation and the rest period, although they were not affected by the negative comments. Vasoconstriction was significantly larger in the S group than in the NS group. In conclusion, vasoconstriction was more sensitive to the stressful comments than heart rate was. PMID- 7206386 TI - [Comparison processes in "same" versus "different" judgment on orientations of lines: an approach through a discrimination reaction time (author's transl)]. AB - The comparison processes on orientations in "same" versus "different" judgment were investigated. Tasks of Exp. I were to compare orientations of two lines (SO and CO) successively presented. In Exp. II, the identical tasks were done in a rod-and-frame situation. The main results were as follows: (a) In both experiments, the "different" RTs as a function of SO resulted in an inverted U shaped quadratic trend. (b) In Exp. I, the "same" RTs for 0 degree (vertical) and 90 degree (horizontal) SOs were slightly shorter than others, but in Exp. II, the "same" RTs were an U-shaped quadratic function of SO. These results supported the main assumption led from Hubels' neurological findings on simple cells and from Krueger's noisy-operator theory. PMID- 7206387 TI - [The late positive component (P3) in auditory evoked potentials: effects of probabilities and numbers of stimulus presentation (author's transl)]. AB - Scalp evoked potentials to tone pips were recorded for nine subjects while performing a visual tracking task. The pips, which differed in intensity (40 & 60 dB), were presented as either frequent on infrequent stimuli. These stimuli were randomly presented under three stimulus conditions which were determined in terms of probability (0.10 or 0.40) and number of infrequent stimuli (24 or 96) in one run. It was shown that the amplitude of the P3 wave (around 340 ms latency) in response to the infrequent stimuli was larger for the low probability condition than for the high probability condition, while no effect on the P3 amplitude was found for the numbers of the stimuli. PMID- 7206388 TI - [Pneumoconiosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206389 TI - [Asbestosis-the early signs and complication with malignant tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206390 TI - [Chronic beryllium disease--recent problems in diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206391 TI - [Pulmonary disorders due to organic dusts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206392 TI - [Occupational asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206393 TI - [Occupational cancer of the lungs--cancer of the respiratory tract among workers manufacturing poisonous gases]. PMID- 7206394 TI - [Symposium: occupational lung diseases. Chromate lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206395 TI - [Postoperative pulmonary complications in chest surgery--the relationship with preoperative lung function and preventive measures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206396 TI - [Chronic interstitial pneumonia in dogs induced by herbicide paraquat- histological and physiological study]. PMID- 7206397 TI - [A case of tracheo-bronchial tuberculosis observed serially by bronchofiberscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206398 TI - [A resected case of endobronchial aspergilloma due to Aspergillus restrictus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206399 TI - [Two autopsy cases of lung cancer in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206400 TI - The beneficial side of moderate alcohol use. AB - Accumulating data indicate that the moderate use of alcoholic beverages by adults may reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, improve the quality of life of the elderly, relieve stress, and contribute to nutrition. Published evidence in each of these areas is critically examined. Based on the identification of levels of ethanol intake, below which adverse effects on health are rarely observed, the following upper limits of moderate drinking are proposed: 0.8 g/kg body weight (and an absolute limit of 80 g) on any day, and an average of 0.7 g/kg per day for any three-day period. Documentation, however, is at present inadequate to exclude the possibility that such levels of intake may impair driving by youths and young adults and pose risk to the fetus. Data presented should not be regarded as contradicting the evidence that excessive drinking is harmful to health and that alcoholics, as a rule, should beware of alcohol consumption at any level. PMID- 7206401 TI - The relationship between D-penicillamine--induced proteinuria and prior gold nephropathy. AB - Twenty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with D-penicillamine were retrospectively reviewed for signs of drug intolerance. Nine patients (36%) developed adverse drug reactions, the most common of which was proteinuria in six patients (24%). Comparative analysis of patients with and without penicillamine induced proteinuria revealed the only significant correlate to be a previous history of gold nephropathy. Five (83%) of six patients who developed penicillamine-induced proteinuria had had gold-induced proteinuria; in contrast, only three (20%) of 19 who tolerated penicillamine had prior gold-induced proteinuria (p less than .01). HLA typing performed in five of the six patients with penicillamine nephropathy revealed DRw4 at a prevalence less than that expected for a population with rheumatoid arthritis, with DRw3 and/or B8 present in four patients. Further studies are in progress to determine whether a genetic predisposition is present. These data suggest that cautious observation is warranted in rheumatoid patients receiving D-penicillamine who have a prior history of gold nephropathy. PMID- 7206402 TI - Hemostasis in typhoid fever. AB - Abnormalities of hemostasis in vivo and in vitro were defined in a prospective study of patients with typhoid fever. In a group of 56 patients with a proven diagnosis of typhoid fever, hemostatic abnormalities were frequently found. In patients with normal clotting tests the fibrinogen level was found to be higher than in normal controls. This finding established a new normal level for patients with typhoid fever. Using this redefined normal level it was found that low fibrinogen was associated with other hemostatic abnormalities. Low fibrinogen levels in patients with typhoid fever are possibly the result of disseminated intravascular coagulation. This process affected 20% of our patients and was often of mild to moderate intensity. Clinically significant bleeding occurred in 18 patients and, in contrast to the results of previously published studies, was found to correlate with clotting abnormalities. PMID- 7206403 TI - A documented episode of pulmonary vasoconstriction in systemic sclerosis. AB - Severe paroxysmal pulmonary hypertension with increased pulmonary vascular resistance precipitated by exposure to cold is postulated as the mechanism causing dyspnea and cardiopulmonary arrest in a patient with systemic sclerosis. Multiple exposures to cold air and a 0 degree C saline infusion resulted in the acute onset of dyspnea and peripheral vasoconstriction. Pressure readings from a Swann-Ganz catheter in place during the saline-induced dyspneic attack showed significant elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance, suggesting that pulmonary vasospasm caused the attack. PMID- 7206404 TI - Clinical conferences at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. PMID- 7206405 TI - Familial paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis: a neurologic disorder simulating psychiatric illness. AB - A brother and sister with familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis are presented, and the relevant literature is reviewed. PMID- 7206407 TI - Postural hypotension. PMID- 7206406 TI - Only authorized persons admitted: the quantitative genetics of health and disease. AB - The scope of quantitation in genetics ranges from traits that are defined by quantity to those that can be quantitated not at all, or only with difficulty and on artificial scales of specious interpretability. Since disease is a complex process, there is a serious risk that a projection of it on an arbitrary system of measurements may be insensitive or frankly misleading. A hypothetical but plausible example (the "brittle model") of a purely genetic trait (but one with zero heritability) is presented. In addition an illustration is given that competition in pathways to an endpoint (such as death) may lead to a counterintuitive reversal of the positive skewness in the component processes (the "bingo model"). These paradoxical results reflect the perils of inadequate descriptors and an irrational reliance on stock methods of looking at the inheritance of disease. Well-known studies by Brown and Goldstein, Knudson, Paigen. Armitage and Doll, and Moolgavkar are cited as examples of how medical geneticists might rationally approach the genetics of common and complicated diseases. PMID- 7206408 TI - Management of extrapyramidal side effects induced by neuroleptics. PMID- 7206409 TI - Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis in a 78-year-old woman. PMID- 7206410 TI - The physician-scientist: past, present and future. PMID- 7206411 TI - Clinical conferences at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. The Dressler syndrome. PMID- 7206414 TI - [A review on the taxonomy of the genus Mycobacterium. II. Species within the genus Mycobacterium--trial of new grouping (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206412 TI - [Tuberculosis control programme in Afghanistan. Analysis on reasons of defaulting from treatment of tuberculosis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206413 TI - [Short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. 1. Clinical effect of RFP, INH and EB regimen for 9 months in the original treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206415 TI - [Circulatory insufficiency in the course of acute myocardial infarct and thyroid gland activity]. PMID- 7206416 TI - [Diagnostic value of follow-up of patients with artificial pacemakers]. PMID- 7206417 TI - [Coronarographic and ventriculographic evaluation of patients under 45 years of age after myocardial infarct, undergoing sanatorium rehabilitation treatment]. PMID- 7206418 TI - [Blood pressure in the population of men 40-59 years of age. I. Relation between age and blood pressure. Incidence of hypertension]. PMID- 7206419 TI - [Blood pressure in the population of men 40-59 years of age. II. Relation between blood pressure and body weight]. PMID- 7206420 TI - [Factors determining prognosis after myocardial infarct. IV. Coexistence of symptoms of arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7206421 TI - [Clinical course of acute myocardial infarct in 90 patients treated with adrenal steroids]. PMID- 7206422 TI - [Debatable questions of strophanthin and spironolactone treatment in certain forms of acute myocardial infarct]. AB - The results of clinical and instrumental examination of 67 patients and experimental findings provide evidence of myocardial resistance to cardiac glycosides in acute myocardial infarction complicated by the initial stage of cardiac insufficiency. It is suggested that symptoms of secondary hyperaldosteronism may develop in acute myocardial infarction and that medication with cardiac glycosides in combination with spironolactones is expedient. PMID- 7206423 TI - [Clinical importance of biochemical studies in myocardial infarct complications]. AB - Clinical observation over 991 patients with myocardial infarction and blood tests for the activity of serum enzymes LDH, AST, ALT and acid hydrolases showed that the size of the necrosis of the heart muscle and the rate of the development of autolytic processes play an important role in the development of the main complications of the disease. Some syndromes reflecting the most important pathogenic mechanisms of the development of the complications were revealed, which is of definite importance for rational treatment and prognosis of the outcomes of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7206424 TI - [Chronic postembolic pulmonary hypertension]. AB - The article deals with chronic pulmonary hypertension consequent upon thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. From experience gained in the treatment of 15 patients 4 of whom underwent operation, the authors discuss the pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic postembolic pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7206426 TI - [Intracardiac hemodynamics in heart rhythm acceleration and the development of an angina attack]. AB - Fifteen patients were examined by echocardiography during the atrial stimulation test. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group of 8 patients with ischemic heart disease and a control group of 7 persons wit a negative bicycle ergometry test and no changes in the coronary arteries. It is shown that acceleration of the cardiac rhythm leads to a proportional decrease in the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and increase in Vcf and diastolic thickness of the myocardium; the ejection fractions, minute volume and index of left ventricular activity do not change. It was revealed that the development of myocardial ischemia leads to myocardial asynergy, decrease in the ejection fraction. Vcf, index of left-ventricular activity and minute volume and to an increase in the end-diastolic diameter of the left ventricle, which precede the ECG changes and the development of an angina attack. PMID- 7206427 TI - [Scientific and technical progress and clinical cardiology]. PMID- 7206425 TI - [Aspects of hypertension of endocrine and adrenal origin]. AB - The authors discuss the results of observation of 269 patients with adrenal arterial hypertension 247 of whom underwent operation. The malignant hypertension syndrome developed in 39% of the patients. It is presumed that its development was caused by the combination of adrenal and renal affections as well as by specific hormonal shifts: relative norepinephrine hyperproduction and reduced intensity of catecholamine metabolism. In all groups of the patients with the malignant hypertension syndrome, a higher daily excretion of aldosterone and increased blood renin activity were also found. The character of the drug therapy and the late results of surgical treatment are discussed. A new variant of hyperaldosteronism, dexamethasone-inhibited form of aldosteroma, is described. PMID- 7206429 TI - [Lipid metabolic characteristics of young adults with ischemic heart disease]. AB - Lipid metabolism was studied in 166 patients under 40 years of age suffering from myocardial infarction. Marked changes were revealed in the condition of lipid metabolism: hyperlipoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increased level of free fatty acids. In some cases, atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries was confirmed by the results of selective coronarography; hyperlipidemia was found more frequently than changes in the coronarograms. PMID- 7206428 TI - [Cholesterol of the high-density lipoprotein subclasses in the native inhabitants of the Chukchi National Autonomous Okrug]. AB - The authors studied the content of total cholesterol (Ch), triglycerides (TG), CS of high density lipoprotein (HDL2 and HDL3) subclasses and testosterone in blood plasma of 30-59-year-old males, natives or newcomers of Chukotsk, and compared the results with the corresponding values determined in the male population of Moscow. It was established that the mean HDL Ch concentration in blood plasma was higher and the content of TG and to a lesser degree that of total CS, was lower in the Chukchi males than in the male Moscow population and in the newcomers who were examined. It was also shown that in hypo- and hyper-alphalipoproteinemia in all groups examined, the content of HDL2 Ch changed for the most part (decreased or increased, respectively) while the level of HDL3 Ch remained relatively stable. PMID- 7206430 TI - [Epidemiological studies of arteriosclerosis precursors among 10- to 15-year-old schoolchildren]. AB - Epidemiological study of atherosclerosis precursors in schoolchildren whose ages ranged from 10 to 15 was undertaken in 1977; 2 296 schoolchildren have been screened. The follow-up groups were formed according to the following factors: high arterial blood pressure, overweight and obesity, low physical activity, smoking. Analysis of the data showed the distribution of the precursors of atherosclerosis to be as follows: 47.4% of boys and 42.2% of girls had no precursors: 34.3% of boys and 42.2% of girls had one precursor; 14.1% of boys and 13.8% of girls had two precursors, and 4.2% of boys and 4.9% of girls had three precursors. To lower the incidence of the precursors of atherosclerosis special attention should be paid to the children with such precursors. PMID- 7206431 TI - [Smoking and coronary arteriosclerosis in ischemic heart disease (clinical coronary x-ray studies)]. AB - A relationship was studied between the intensity of smoking and changes revealed in the coronary arteries by coronarography in 498 patients with ischemic heart disease. Marked atherosclerosis was found in 94% of "regular" smokers and in 69% of the persons who did not smoke or smoked only a little. A particularly clear connection between the intensity of smoking and affection of the coronary arteries was registered in patients with ischemic heart disease under the age of 40. All of them had grades III and IV stenosis of the coronary arteries. The results discussed confirm that smoking is a serious "risk factor" of the development of ischemic heart disease, especially in young individuals. PMID- 7206432 TI - [Clinical variants of chronic ischemic syndrome of the lower extremities]. AB - Analysis is made of 1,014 cases with occlusive lesion of the bifurcation of the aorta and iliofemoral segment in patients with chronic ischemic syndrome of the lower limbs. The cause of high arterial occlusion with atherosclerosis in 95.5% of patients and nonspecific aortitis in 12 cases. A group of 20 patients with selective lesion of the femoral segment, which is distinguished from atherosclerosis obliterans, endarteritis with ascending thrombosis, and nonspecific aortitis by its clinico-angiographic and morphological manifestations, was analyzed in detail. This form of arterial occlusion is called "segmental thromboarteritis". The results of reconstructive operations in most patients with "segmental thromboarteritis" proved unfavourable. PMID- 7206433 TI - [External respiratory changes in angiographically established coronary sclerosis]. AB - Information on the functional condition of external respiration in 101 patients with angiographically demonstrated coronary sclerosis is analysed. Definite connections between the findings of coronarography and the values of external respiration were found, which were indicative of increase in the ratio of the residual pulmonary volume to the total pulmonary capacity and of a relative hyperventilation of the lungs in the contingent examined. The discrepancy between ventilation of the lungs and their perfusion was more marked in patients with a greater number of stenosed coronary arteries. Shortening of the absolute values and the absence of an increase in the duration of repeated apnoea were evidence of insufficient resistance to hypercapnia and hypoxia during apnoea. PMID- 7206434 TI - [Determination of the blood flow rate in the arteries and veins and its clinical significance]. AB - A noninvasive ultrasonic method (a two-beam Doppler meter with separation of the direction) is suggested for quantitative assessment of localized disorders of hemodynamics of arterial blood flow and venous blood outflow. The authors measured the maximum and mean blood flow rate in the aorta and larger arteries and veins of 23 healthy persons and 94 patients with hypertensive disease, ischemic heart disease, and mitral valvular diseases. Experiments were conducted with measurement of the blood flow rate in the aorta, vena cava superior and pulmonary artery in dogs and the normal values were determined. A decrease in the rate of the blood flow in vessels in the diseases mentioned above, especially in circulatory insufficiency, was found, as well as local asymmetry. PMID- 7206435 TI - [Changes in blood pressure and cardiac contraction frequency in diabetes mellitus patients in an orthostatic posture and under physical load]. AB - The author studied the character of changes in arterial pressure (AP) and rate of cardiac contractions (RCC) in the orthostatic position and during physical exercise in 93 patients with diabetes mellitus. A considerable decrease in systolic AP was noted in the orthostatic position, particularly in the first minutes and in individuals of the older age group, while the diastolic pressure showed no essential changes. The RCC at rest and its gradual increase in the orthostatic position were higher in patients with diabetes mellitus than in healthy individuals. In patients with neuro- and nephropathy the diastolic and systolic AP decreased in the orthostatic position; the RCC in patients with neuropathy hardly changed in this case. The capacity for physical exertion in diabetic patients, particularly in those with neuropathy was low. The degree of growth in RCC and in systolic AP was less in the patients than in healthy individuals. The increase in systolic AP and RCC in patients with neuropathy, however, was greater than that in the other groups of patients. The disorders in cardiovascular regulations which were revealed in some of the patients suggest that affections of the vegetative nervous system may also develop in the absence of affection of the peripheral nerves. PMID- 7206437 TI - [Effect of anesthesia on the development of ventricular fibrillation in experimental myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 7206436 TI - [Prevention of lung and heart failure in chronic nonspecific respiratory organ diseases]. AB - One-year dispensary surveillance and preventive treatment in patients with chronic nonspecific diseases of the respiratory organs and analysis of the results of dynamic examination by means of pneumotachometry, spirography and contact phlebography proved the high efficacy of dispensary care in the prevention of pulmonary and right-ventricular cardiac insufficiency. PMID- 7206438 TI - [Relaxation of the rabbit abdominal aorta in response to the distention of its wall in various functional states]. PMID- 7206439 TI - [Treatment of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7206440 TI - [Evaluation of the severity and degree of myocardial infarct by indicators of fractional determination of protein-bound hexoses in the blood serum]. AB - The time course of the content of hexose fractions was compared with the size of the myocardial infarction appraised from the ECG and with the clinical course of the acute period of myocardial infarction in 100 patients. The degree and duration of the increase in the blood glucosaminoglycane content were determined by the size of the focus of myocardial damage and the severity of its clinical course. The extent of the damage to the myocardium was found to be in accord with the increase in the content of the fraction of glucosaminoglycane hexoses. The results of the study suggest that determination of the content of glucosaminoglycane hexoses in blood may serve as an index of the severity of the myomalacia processes in the myocardium. A decrease in the level of the fraction coincides in time with the average terms of the onset of reparative processes in the myocardium which are determined from the findings of pathology. PMID- 7206441 TI - [Simultaneous surgical correction of complicated forms of myocardial infarct- ventricular septal defect and left-ventricular aneurysm]. AB - Thirteen patients with postinfarction ventricular septal defect and aneurysm of the left ventricle are discussed. Their ages ranged from 46 to 68 years. Six of them underwent operation in periods ranging from 22 days to 11 months, seven were given drug therapy. Six of these seven died from acute cardiac insufficiency or recurrent myocardial infarction in periods of 8 to 78 days; one patient died in 10 months. Five of the six patients who were operated on were discharged from the clinic in a satisfactory condition, one female patient died in the early postoperative period from acute left-ventricular insufficiency. Late survival (follow-up of 3 years) was 83%. The method for selecting the patients for operative treatment and the necessary volume of the intervention are specified. PMID- 7206442 TI - [Pathogenetic and morphological aspects of sudden cardiac death]. AB - The epidemiology, risk factors, pathological anatomy, and pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death are characterized on the grounds of literature data and the results of the authors own study. The main attention was focused on sudden death in ischemic heart disease. Information on acute and chronic morphological changes in the coronary arteries of the heart, the myocardium, and the conducting system is given. The pathogenic importance of myocardial ischemia, local metabolic damages, and microcirculatory disorders in the heart muscle is discussed. It is indicated that the principal role in thanatogenesis is played by the electrical instability of the myocardium and disorders of cardiac rhythm caused to a definite measure by the structural and functional changes in the conducting system of the heart. PMID- 7206444 TI - [Retrospective evaluation of angina pectoris in patients with primary and recurrent myocardial infarct]. AB - Retrospective analysis of information on 283 patients with myocardial infarction (186 males and 97 females) showed that 64.7% of persons who had suffered from the disease for the first time and 88.6% of those with recurrent myocardial infarction had a history of anginose pain. Exacerbation of angina pectoris had occurred in 56.0% of patients with no previous myocardial infarction and in 71,4% of those with recurrent infarction. A preinfarction state was encountered in primary and recurrent myocardial infarction with equal frequency (in 73.0 and 74.7% of cases, respectively). Nitroglycerin efficacy diminishes in the month preceding myocardial infarction. During exacerbation of angina pectoris, 39.8% of patients who had no previous myocardial infarction and 73.8% of those with a history of the disease applied for medical advice. PMID- 7206443 TI - [Stereometric study of the relation between the surfaces of the cardiomyocytes and the walls of cardiac capillaries under normal conditions and in acute myocardial infarct]. AB - Stereometrical analysis of histological myocardial sections stained by the Mac -- Manus method modified by the authors showed a wide individual variation of values characterizing the overall surface and the relative specific surface of the muscle fibers, and the correlation between the relative surfaces of the capillaries and the muscle fibers in the hearts of practically healthy individuals who died in accidents. The myocardium of the anterior papillary muscle and intramural part of the left-ventricular wall were found to have the lowest values. Myocardial infarction occurred rather more frequently in individuals whose heart was characterized by low value of the relationship of the surfaces of the capillary walls and those of the cardiac myocytes and low value of the relative specific surface of the myocardial muscle fibers. This allows such individual structural organization of the myocardium to be accepted as a risk factor of ischemic heart disease and to be considered a manifestation of an unfavourable morphological background promoting earlier ischemia of the myocardium. PMID- 7206445 TI - [Myocardial function 3 years after myocardial infarct in patients of working age (clinico-instrumental study)]. AB - Among 100 males examined 3 years after recovery from myocardial infarction 23% had progressive cardiac insufficiency which was found mostly in individuals who had been engaged in physical work before the infarction. In 1/3 of patients who had no obvious clinical signs of cardiac insufficiency, tolerance to physical exertion was reduced (rather more frequently in individuals who were engaged in physical work). The results of echocardiography bore evidence that left ventricular contractile function was diminished in patients of all subgroups, even in those with no clinical signs or cardiac insufficiency and with high tolerance to physical exertion. The authors believe that the poorest prognosis in persons who were engaged in physical work is linked with the fact that they, more often than individuals engaged in mental work, were inclined to ignore the state of their health and therefore took no advantage of the available long-term dispensary service. PMID- 7206446 TI - [State of the left-cardiac cavities after mitral valve prosthesis]. AB - The article discusses the results of dynamic X-ray examination of the left heart cavities in 86 patients who underwent mitral valve prosthetics for mitral valvular disease. The follow-up period was 42 months. The left-ventricular volume was measured by a special method. It was established that positive time course of the left heart cavities in patients with the sinus rhythm is encountered in 1-3 months after the operation, and by the end of the first year the left cavities are stabilized and often attain their normal size. In patients with cardiac fibrillation, the left heart cavities decrease in size less frequently and at later periods, and total normalization does not occur. PMID- 7206447 TI - [Diagnosis of cardiac insufficiency in patients with acute myocardial infarct by non-invasive methods]. AB - Comparison of the clinical noninvasive findings with wedge pressure allowed the authors to disclose the most informative signs for the recognition of normal or abnormal pressure in the pulmonary capillaries. The use of the successive diagnostic procedure provides the possibility for correct recognition of normal or increased wedge pressure in 76% of cases and of pressure within the range of compensatory values and exceeding them, in 77.5%. PMID- 7206448 TI - [Electrocardiographic criteria of probable localization of coronary arteriosclerosis]. AB - Forty-nine patients with coronary atherosclerosis (according to the results of selective angiography), whose ages ranged from 29 to 59 years, were examined. Comparison with the results of ECG at rest and the findings of coronarography showed no changes in the QRS complex in 16% of patients with lesions of two and in 10% of those with obstructive changes in three main coronary artery. Displacement of the ST segment as a sign of myocardial ischemia during physical exercise tests in leads V5--V6 of the ECG coincided with obstructive lesions of the left coronary artery in 91% of cases. Patients suffering from obstructive lesions of the right coronary artery with or without atherosclerotic changes in the left coronary artery reacted by depression of the ST segment in the II, III, and aVF leads of the ECS. The authors suggest that there exists a mechanism of "intracoronary steal" of perfusion blood supply when the ischemic changes on the ECG do not coincide with the localization of coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 7206449 TI - [Exercise therapy in the ambulatory treatment of chronic ischemic heart disease]. AB - In conducting physical exercises for persons with chronic ischemic heart disease in out-patient clinics, it is advisable to distribute these patients into groups according to their capacity for movement and the presence of clinically manifest concomitant diseases (hypertensive disease, osteochondrosis deformans of the spine). The program of the movement regimens for out-patient treatment must be planned with due consideration for the energy cost and energy level of the separate forms of remedial gymnastics, the time of day, and the day of the week. The proper training effect is achieved by the combined use of the separate forms of remedial gymnastics and exercises (walking and running) which improve the general endurance. PMID- 7206450 TI - [Mechanisms of disorders of the bioenergetic functions of mitochondrial membranes in hypoxia]. AB - Evidence is provided that the following events take place in the cell in hypoxia and reoxygenation: expenditure of residual oxygen; a fall in the level of macroergic compounds; entry of calcium ions into the hyaloplasm both from the outside and from the mitochondria; activation of mitochondrial A2 phospholipase (possibly along with the other phospholipases); increase of membrane ion permeability (first phase of separation). This stage corresponds to the "irreversibility point" in cell damage because if the supply of oxygen to the cell is restored after it, the cell will not "recover" but, instead, will be damaged still more. This occurs as the result of active swelling of the mitochondria, inhibition of respiration and bioenergetic functions (the second stage of separation and loss of Ca-accumulating property by the mitochondria), irreparable damage to the cell with autolysis. PMID- 7206451 TI - [Anatomical and biochemical methods of determining the extent of myocardial infarct]. AB - Twenty patients who died in the acute (necrotic) period of myocardial infarction were examined. The activity of MB creatinephosphate kinase was tested in all of them every 4 hours till the activity of the enzyme was normal. The boundaries of the lesion were determined. The boundaries of the lesion were determined during post-mortem examination by the method of nitroblue tetrazole stain, and the mass of the lesion was measured after excision of the necrotic myocardium. A high degree of correlation between the true mass of necrotized myocardium and the biochemical measure of necrosis was found (r = 0.698), which enabled the authors to derive a regression equation for determining the true mass of the affected myocardium (in g) in the live patient. PMID- 7206452 TI - [Cardiac function in transient coronary insufficiency after electrophoretic and injection methods of obsidan administration]. AB - The peculiarities of the preventive use of obsidan administered by injection and electrophoresis were studied in experiments on rats with a model of transitory coronary insufficiency. A high efficacy of obsidan was demonstrated irrespective of the route of its administration into the body. This was manifested by a decrease in the rate of cardiac contractions in intact animals and depression of hyperkinetic cardiac reaction in the initial period of myocardial ischemia. The unfavourable inotropic and the antiarrhythmic effects of the agent were less in electrophoretic administration than in injection. PMID- 7206453 TI - [Effect of consecutive administration of obsidan and novodrin on pulmonary circulation in anesthesized dogs]. AB - It was established in experiments on mongrel anesthesized dogs that the beta blocking agent obsidan (propranolol) in a dose of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg causes an increase in total pulmonary and pulmono-arteriole resistance, which correlates with the decrease in volume blood flow in the pulmonary arteries. The pressure in the pulmonary artery and the left atrium does not change substantially. Injection of 0.25-0.5 mg of novodrin increases the volume blood flow, causes no effect on pressure in the left atrium, and reduces total pulmonary resistance. The changes occurring in pulmonary circulation under the effect of beta-adrenergic agents depend on their primary action on cardiac activity whereas the increase in total pulmonary and pulmono-arteriole resistance depends on the secondary spasm of the pulmonary vessels. PMID- 7206455 TI - [Sick sinus syndrome in children]. PMID- 7206454 TI - [Myocardial ischemia and the reaction of the blood vessels of the arm (results of infrared radiation)]. PMID- 7206456 TI - Inhibitor of marrow thymidine incorporation from sera of patients with uremia. AB - A low-molecular-weight fraction of serum samples from 14 patients with uremia inhibited tritiated thymidine incorporation (18 +/- 2%) by cultured rabbit marrow whereas an identical fraction from nonazotemic subjects did not. A similar effect on ferrous 59 incorporation into heme was observed. A significantly smaller inhibition (8 +/- 2%) was noted in serum samples from patients on maintenance dialysis. The fraction containing inhibitory activity was filterable through a membrane that had a nominal mol-wt cutoff at 10,000 daltons (Amicon UM-10) and was retained wholly or in part on a membrane that had a 500-dalton cutoff (UM 05). On Sephadex G-50 and G-15 filtration, the inhibitory substance appeared in the first absorbance peak. This substance from 2 patients maintained on dialysis was studied further for its inhibitory activity. Dose-responsiveness was noted. The inhibitor was stable when it was heated to 56 degrees C for 60 min, but the activity was lost immediately when it was heated to 100 degrees C. Significant inactivation was observed following incubation with protease and papain. The inhibitor was partially soluble in chloroform. Taken together, these data suggest that uremic serum contains an inhibitor of marrow DNA synthesis in vitro, which may consist of peptides with mol wt less than 10,000 daltons and probably greater than 1,000 daltons. PTH or a mixture of urea, creatinine, methylguanidine, and guanidosuccinic acid did not show such inhibition on the marrow. This in vitro system offers a simple and reproducible method of testing various fractions of serum to allow further characterization of some toxic materials in uremic serum. PMID- 7206457 TI - Physiologic studies in normal and uremic sheep: I. The experimental model. AB - A model of chronic renal failure was created in nine adult sheep by two-stage, subtotal nephrectomy. Carotid-jugular cannulas provided clot-free access for 72 to 274 days without exit-site infections. All sheep became uremic and anemic. Median survival, while uremic, was 145 days (72 to 327 days), although three were sacrificed. Five required dialysis within the first week of uremia, and median survival on dialysis was 70 days (41 to 177 days). Sheep that maintained adequate nutrition survived the longest on dialysis. Mean creatinine and BUN levels in the stable uremic and dialyzed sheep were 4.8/95 and 7.8/59 mg/dl, respectively. The other serum chemistries remained unchanged (mean values) from normal, although one sheep died of hypercalcemia (17.8 mg/dl). Renal blood flow correlated to GFR in both normal and uremic states. GFR fell more than serum creatinine rose, suggesting extrarenal excretion of creatinine. PMID- 7206458 TI - Physiologic studies in normal and uremic sheep. II. Changes in erythropoiesis and oxygen transport. AB - Red cell production and survival, cardiac output (CO), renal blood flow (RBF), serum erythropoietin (ESF), oxygen (O2) consumption, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG), P50, and circulating hemoglobin (HbC) were measured in normal sheep and in animals made chronically uremic and anemic by subtotal nephrectomy. The erythropoiesis characterizing uremic anemia was hypoproliferative as quantitated by ferrokinetics, but was still subject to normal feedback control in that erythropoiesis in normal and uremic animals increased with phlebotomy and was suppressed with transfusion. ESF levels were only measurable when the hematocrit fell below 25 in normal animals and were undetected in most stable uremics (hematocrit, 18 to 10%). HbC correlated with ESF. CO increased linearly with progressive anemia in normal and uremic states but, despite this increase, relative RBF decreased; the percent of the CO going to the kidney fell with severe anemia. Venous O2 extraction increased linearly in normal and uremic states as anemia progressed, resulting in no difference in O2 utilization between the study states. There were no correlations between 2,3-DPG, P50, or hematocrit, under any conditions. These results confirm the mechanism of anemia in chronic renal failure and demonstrate that the O2 delivery ESF erythroid marrow feedback mechanism persists in the uremic state over a wide range of hematocrits. PMID- 7206459 TI - Metabolic effects of exercise training in hemodialysis patients. AB - The effects of 9 +/- 6 months of exercise training on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were studied in six hemodialysis patients. Training lowered triglyceride levels 39 +/- 25% (P less than 0.02) and increased plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels 23 +/- 22% (before, 26 +/- 5 mg/dl; after, 31 +/- 8 mg/dl; P less than 0.05). There was a 23% improvement in glucose tolerance (P less than 0.01) and a 40% reduction in hyperinsulinism (P less than 0.01) with no significant changes in body weight or diet. There was a 25 +/- 8% increase in hematocrits (before, 22 +/- 2%; after, 27 +/- 2%, P less than 0.01) and a 29 +/- 2% rise in hemoglobin concentrations (before, 7.0 +/- 0.8 g/dl; after, 9.0 +/- 0.6 g/dl, P less than 0.04) in five patients. In addition, during training antihypertensive medications could be reduced in three patients with maintenance of normal blood pressure. The improvements in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism diminished when two patients stopped training. These results suggest that physical training can improve some of the metabolic abnormalities observed in hemodialysis patients and could be important as a therapeutic modality. PMID- 7206460 TI - Effect of mineralocorticoid replacement therapy on renal acid-base homeostasis in adrenalectomized patients. AB - Chronic balance studies were performed in six adrenalectomized patients to investigate the renal and systemic acid-base consequences of mineralocorticoid deficiency in the absence of either glucocorticoid deficiency or parenchymal renal disease. Constant glucocorticoid replacement was provided with dexamethasone, 750 to 875 micrograms/day, administered orally. Creatinine clearance averaged 98 +/- 8 ml/min/1.73 m2. Following a control period, mineralocorticoid replacement with fludrocortisone (100 to 200 micrograms/day) was either discontinued (N = 3) or initiated (N = 2). In an additional patient, mineralocorticoid replacement was initiated and sustained (5 days) by continuous i.v. infusion of aldosterone, at a dose approximating the normal secretion rate (120 micrograms/day). Net acid excretion (NAE) and plasma total carbon dioxide decreased in each patient in whom mineralocorticoid was discontinued and increased in each patient in whom mineralocorticoid was initiated. The cumulative change in NAE (sigma delta NAE) independent of direction averaged 66 +/- 20 mEq (P less than 0.05) by the fifth experimental day in the six patients, and the corresponding change in plasma total CO2 averaged 1.2 +/- 0.3 mmoles/liter (P less than 0.02). The magnitude of sigma delta NAE correlated with the basal rate of NAE (r = 0.87, P less than 0.05), which averaged 0.9 +/- 0.1 mEq/kg body wt per day. The change in plasma total CO2 correlated with sigma delta NAE (r = 0.83, P less than 0.05). The changes in NAE correlated positively with the corresponding changes in sodium balance and negatively with the corresponding changes in potassium balance. These findings provide the first evidence that renal acidification is under tonic stimulation by mineralocorticoid at levels not exceeding those in normal subjects ingesting acid-producing diets of normal sodium and potassium content. The extent to which the tonic stimulation of renal acidification is mediated by a direct effect of mineralocorticoid on renal hydrogen ion transport or by an indirect effect dependent on altered renal sodium and/or potassium transport requires further investigation. The findings implicate mineralocorticoid deficiency as a significant renal acidosis-producing condition not dependent on the presence of renal disease or glucocorticoid deficiency, and potentially amplified when endogenous acid production is increased by diet or disease. PMID- 7206461 TI - Complications in hemodialysis: an overview. PMID- 7206462 TI - [Body temperature and fever--body temperature regulation as indications and possibilities for a fever reducing therapy. I. Regulation of body temperature, fever development, sequelae, causes and therapy]. PMID- 7206463 TI - [Muscular dystrophies in childhood. I. Current aspects of classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical course and therapy]. PMID- 7206464 TI - [Sepsis lenta caused by satellite streptococci]. PMID- 7206465 TI - [Initial results of pentagstrin therapy of celiac disease]. PMID- 7206467 TI - [The role of clinical psychology in pediatrics]. PMID- 7206466 TI - [Body fat of children with special reference to obesity]. PMID- 7206468 TI - [Advances in therapy of malignant lymphomas in childhood]. PMID- 7206469 TI - [Follow-up for mycologic diagnosis of children with malignant diseases]. PMID- 7206470 TI - [Age-related characteristics of lesser circulation the external respiration and hemodynamics of the in disseminated and diffuse peritonitis]. PMID- 7206471 TI - [Subphrenic abscesses]. PMID- 7206473 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of acute lactation mastitis]. PMID- 7206472 TI - [Pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of bacterial liver and subphrenic abscesses]. PMID- 7206474 TI - [Overall treatment of erysipelas using dimexide]. PMID- 7206476 TI - [Effect of the air environment of hospital surgical suites on the health of medical personnel]. PMID- 7206475 TI - [Simultaneous operations in abdominal organ diseases]. PMID- 7206477 TI - [Effectiveness of sorption detoxication in choledocholithiasis complicated by obstructive jaundice and liver failure]. PMID- 7206478 TI - [Experience with the aerosol application of polymeric dressings]. PMID- 7206479 TI - [Combined immunotherapy in the overall treatment of severe forms of staphylococcal surgical infection]. PMID- 7206480 TI - [Treatment of septic lactation mastitis]. PMID- 7206481 TI - [Acute omentitis]. PMID- 7206482 TI - [Treatment experience with postinjection abscesses]. PMID- 7206483 TI - [Multicomponent ointment in a water-soluble base with dioxidine]. PMID- 7206484 TI - [Mechanism of the hemostatic action of oxycellulose materials]. PMID- 7206485 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of paronychia]. PMID- 7206486 TI - [Case of severe combined craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 7206487 TI - [Pleural empyema as a complication of surgical pathology of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 7206488 TI - [Surgical treatment of a common bile duct fistula after a Billroth II gastric resection]. PMID- 7206489 TI - [Anaerobic paraproctitis]. PMID- 7206490 TI - [Nodular nonsuppurative panniculitis (Weber-Christian disease)]. PMID- 7206491 TI - [Nicolas-Durand-Favre disease]. PMID- 7206492 TI - [Sensitizing action of suture materials]. PMID- 7206493 TI - [Blood distribution in varicose veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7206494 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of dissecting aortic aneurysms]. PMID- 7206495 TI - [Iatrogenic injuries to the heart conduction system]. PMID- 7206496 TI - [Comprehensive clinical and x-ray study of the axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer]. PMID- 7206497 TI - [Clinical pathogenetic forms of breast cancer (new approaches to planned treatment)]. PMID- 7206498 TI - [Ultrasonic endarterectomy in disseminated arterial occlusions of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7206499 TI - [Renal form of hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7206500 TI - [Postoperative treatment of complicated thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7206502 TI - [Pararectal cystic teratoid formations and paraproctitis (clinical and diagnostic comparisons)]. PMID- 7206501 TI - [Patterns in the disorders of the water-retaining mechanisms in peritonitis]. PMID- 7206503 TI - [Pseudofurunculosis and its complications in infants]. PMID- 7206504 TI - [Reference point method for rapid antibiotic prescription and the specific therapy of suppurative surgical diseases]. PMID- 7206505 TI - [Fixation of the pathologically displaced kidney with a fascial and fatty tissue flap]. PMID- 7206506 TI - [Bilateral chylothorax in blunt trauma to the chest cavity]. PMID- 7206507 TI - [Ultrasonic endarterectomy in occlusions of the abdominal aorta and arteries of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7206508 TI - [Elimination of the bronchial fistula after pneumonectomy]. PMID- 7206509 TI - [Wound of the thoracic portion of the trachea]. PMID- 7206510 TI - [Traumatic occlusion of the right main bronchus]. PMID- 7206511 TI - [Injury to the esophagus and trachea]. PMID- 7206512 TI - [Chylothorax in operations on the esophagus]. PMID- 7206513 TI - [Treatment of heart wound patients]. PMID- 7206514 TI - [Wound of the heart and lung]. PMID- 7206515 TI - [Echinococcosis of the heart]. PMID- 7206516 TI - [Heart injuries in closed chest cavity trauma]. PMID- 7206517 TI - [State of the iliocaval segment after the implant of an intravenous filter]. PMID- 7206518 TI - [Infection pathways in congenital heart defect patients during an operation with artificial circulation]. PMID- 7206519 TI - [Differential diagnosis of exudative pleurisy]. PMID- 7206520 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of acute destructive lung processes of staphylococcal etiology]. PMID- 7206521 TI - [Doppler ultrasonography in occlusive lesions of the branches of the aortic arch]. PMID- 7206522 TI - [Restriction of the daily volume of lymph loss in patients with thoracic lymphatic duct drainage]. PMID- 7206523 TI - [Hemostatic system in endarteritis obliterans]. PMID- 7206524 TI - [Reliability and operating life of implanted cardiac electrostimulating systems]. PMID- 7206525 TI - [Choice of the level at which to apply a lymphovenous anastomosis in lymphedema of the extremities]. PMID- 7206526 TI - [Immunological aspects of the surgical treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the vessels of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7206527 TI - [Contraindications for removal of the subcutaneous veins in the area of the fossa ovalis femoris and abdomen]. PMID- 7206528 TI - [Surgical treatment of generalized myasthenia]. PMID- 7206529 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cysts]. PMID- 7206530 TI - [Use of ketamine in emergency operations on children]. PMID- 7206531 TI - [Early and late postoperative complications and repeated reconstructive operations on the femoropopliteal segment]. PMID- 7206532 TI - [Use of an artificial semirigid support ring for correcting mitral valve insufficiency]. PMID- 7206533 TI - [15 years of the surgical treatment of congenital heart defects in early childhood]. PMID- 7206534 TI - [Contrast lymphography in malignant bladder tumors]. PMID- 7206535 TI - [Massive burn with involvement of the respiratory tracts]. PMID- 7206537 TI - [Our experience with the diagnosis of and surgical technic in primary gallbladder cancer]. PMID- 7206536 TI - [Hyperacute courses of streptococcal infections with acute abdomen symptoms in childhood]. PMID- 7206538 TI - [Reasons for repeated operations in hepatic echinococcosis]. PMID- 7206539 TI - [Fibrous thyroiditis (Riedel's struma)]. PMID- 7206540 TI - [1-stage operation in inguinal hernia and appendicitis in childhood]. PMID- 7206541 TI - [Complicated forms of small intestine tumors: clinical course, diagnosis, treatment and results]. PMID- 7206542 TI - [2 cases of so-called spontaneous perforation of the cecum]. PMID- 7206544 TI - [2 cases of leiomyomas of the digestive tract]. PMID- 7206543 TI - [Peripheral blood flow normally and in chronic arterial insufficiency of the extremities]. PMID- 7206545 TI - [Case of a corpus luteum hematoma with renal calculosis]. PMID- 7206546 TI - [Case of an anerobic gas infection of the perineum and scrotum]. PMID- 7206547 TI - [Case of strangulated ileus and hepatic lesion with hemoperitoneum and peritonitis due to acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7206548 TI - [Small intestine lipoma causing acute intestinal obstruction and ileocecal invagination]. PMID- 7206549 TI - [Postgraduate training in ophthalmology (author's transl)]. AB - Legal stipulations covering postgraduate training in medical specialties are expected to be introduced in the near future. A committee set up by the Austrian Ophthalmological Society is working on a postgraduate training scheme, including clinical training and recommended literature, with the aim of achieving the greatest possible degree of coordination with ophthalmological societies in other German-speaking countries. Surgical training in ophthalmology, and the need to update recommended literature constantly, require special consideration. However, the standard of postgraduate medical training will not depend solely on the provision of a satisfactory legal framework; in ophthalmology it will depend to a large extent on the example set by teachers and their assistants, as well as on the individual efforts of the trainers themselves. A final examination should be introduced, in spite of the objections still being raised in Austria. PMID- 7206550 TI - [Circumscribed peripheral (equatorial or pre-equatorial) retinoschisis (author's transl)]. AB - Circumscribed areas of retinoschisis along or anterior to the Equator occur mainly in elderly subjects. Diagnosis is based on biomicroscopic criteria. PMID- 7206551 TI - [Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia with atypical retinal pigment dystrophy (author's transl)]. AB - A brief review of the literature on chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia is followed by a description of two unusual cases. The first, Kearns-Shy syndrome, was a pronounced case of "ophthalmoplegia-plus syndrome", though with normal retinal function. The second patient had retinal pigment dystrophy with severe disturbance of retinal function, as well as a complete lack of ocular motility. PMID- 7206553 TI - [Follow-up study in patients with neuritis retrobulbaris (author's transl)]. AB - In 11 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and eight patients in whom MS was not verified visus, computerized perimetry, bipolar flash evoked cortical potential (H-EP) and pattern-reversal evoked cortical response (M-EP) were recorded in the acute stage and convalescent period of neuritis retrobulbaris. In the acute stage visual field deficiencies, diminutions of H-EP and M-EP amplitudes and increases in H-EP latencies were seen in both eyes in all cases. The most severe pathologic changes were found in the worst eyes in the group without MS. In the convalescent period a complete restitution of the electro-ophthalmological parameters was found in neither group of patients by statistical methods. Restitution was more common in patients who were not suffering from MS. PMID- 7206552 TI - [Sjogren's reticular pigmentary dystrophy (author's transl)]. AB - An examination of two families with reticular pigmentary dystrophy of the retina is reported, and typical findings are reviewed. Visual actuity, visual fields, dark adaptation and color vision were normal; the photopic ERG was normal or subnormal, while the scotopic ERG was normal. Only the EOG findings were pathologic in all of the subjects examined. A description of the various forms of reticular dystrophy and of its differential diagnosis is followed by a discussion concerning the classification of all varieties of this disease as patterned dystrophies of the pigment epithelium. PMID- 7206554 TI - [Differential diagnosis of blurred optic disks by fluorescein angiography (author's transl)]. AB - Fluorescein angiography has been underrated as an exploratory tool in the diagnosis of blurred optic disks. The ten cases presented here had blurred disks of diverse etiology; fluorescein angiography helped in the differential diagnosis and therapeutic approach. Irrigation of the disk, type, magnitude and location of dye leakage, as well as objectivation of peripapillary and retinal vascular characteristics all help to explain the pathogenic mechanisms leading to different types of optic disk edema. Although it is known tha papilledema due to increased intracranial pressure can not be differentiated from locally caused blurring of disks, there remain a number of mechanical, ischemic and inflammatory conditions that can be diagnosed by means of fluorescein angiography. Thus, optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathy, papillovasculitis and juxtapapillary chorioretinitis are some of the diseases in which chorioretinitis are some of the diseases in which angiography may help in differential diagnosis and lead to adequate therapeutic approaches. PMID- 7206555 TI - [Bilateral inferior hemianopsia (author's transl)]. AB - Simultaneous bilateral altitudinal hemianopsia in ischemic optic nerve lesions nearly always involves the lower halves of the visual fields. As regards pathogenesis, systemic hemodynamic disturbance is a prerequisite. In addition local predisposing factors must exist which cause infarction to occur at the characteristic site, i.e., the upper optic disk and the adjacent retrolaminar region. The theories dealing with this problem are reviewed. In this connection a rather unusual case is described. PMID- 7206556 TI - [Observations of the course of branch and central venous occlusions (author's transl)]. AB - Electro-ophthalmological responses determined with EOG, photopic and scotopic ERG, flash VEP's and pattern reversal VEP's, in combination with fluorescein angiography and computerized perimetry, were evaluated in seven patients suffering from branch vein occlusions and in eight patients suffering from occlusions of the central retinal vein. The findings were as follows: In cases of branch vein occlusion and central retinal venous occlusion with good prognosis there was a normal or slightly subnormal response in all electro-ophthalmological examinations. In the cases of central retinal venous occlusion with poor prognosis, likely to lead to destruction of the nervous structures of the retina, the response was considerably weaker as regards photopic and scotopic b-waves, and especially VECP's. PMID- 7206557 TI - [Intravitreal injection of SF6 gas in vitreoretinal surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Within the past 3 years intravitreal injection of SF6 gas was performed in 31 vitreoretinal surgical procedures. In 29 cases an additional vitrectomy was performed, and in 10 cases with massive periretinal proliferation (MPP) epiretinal membranes were stripped. The rate of success following intravitreal injection of SF6 gas as an adjunct to buckling procedures in severe cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was 83%, as an additional measure in cases with giant tears extending over 180-225 degrees, 75%, in cases of tractional detachment due to preretinal and transvitreal strands, 60%, and in cases with MPP, 30%. PMID- 7206558 TI - [Vitrectomy with intraocular gas bubble in complicated cases of retinal detachment (author's transl)]. AB - Vitreous surgery techniques combined with intravitreal gas bubble were employed in six cases of unsuccessfully treated retinal detachment. Surgical techniques, indications and complications are reviewed. PMID- 7206559 TI - [Follow-up study of macular function after retinal detachment surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Forty patients successfully operated on for retinal detachment involving the macula were followed up for periods ranging from six months to nine years. The follow-up examination included testing for visual acuity, color perception and metamorphopsias, as well as biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography. Postoperative visual acuity was correlated with the preoperative duration of retinal detachment. As expected, visual outcome was reduced in cases with lesions demonstrated by biomicroscopy and/or fluorescein angiography. In some patients visual acuity and color perception were impaired and metamorphopsias were present, even though the macula appeared normal in funduscopy and fluorescein angiography. This may be due to a possible misalignement of the photoreceptors as demonstrated in the owl monkey by Machemer. PMID- 7206560 TI - [Trabeculectomy or Goniotrepanation -- a comparison of the postoperative course (author's transl)]. AB - No significant differences could be determined postoperatively between trabeculectomy and goniotrepanation. However, cases of flattened anterior chambers and choroidal detachments were less frequent after goniotrepanation than after trabeculectomy. PMID- 7206561 TI - [The influence of blood coagulation on cicatrization of the filtering scar following goniotrepanation (author's transl)]. AB - An examination of 43 eyes which had undergone goniotrepanation in accordance with Fronimopoulos showed that blood coagulation plays a major part in the postoperative cicatrization of the filtering scar. Patients with short postoperative haemorrhages or with high rates of thrombocytes tend to suffer postoperative hypertension of the eye, whereas patients with haemorrhages of over 1 minute or with low rates of thrombocytes often have the clinical symptoms of postoperative hypotony. PMID- 7206562 TI - [Reconstruction of conjunctiva on the limbus following the excision of an excessively large filtering bleb (author's transl)]. AB - After total excision of an excessively large filtering bleb extending to the cornea, the conjunctiva was dissected from the upper half of the eyeball and fixed by sutures into a step of the corneal periphery obtained by a keratectomy of 1 mm large strip of superficial cornea tissue along the upper half of the limbus. In 10 eyes operated on in this way -- and in seven of them over four years -- the newly developed filtrating bleb is flat and shows a well vascularised wall without any signs of degeneration. PMID- 7206563 TI - [The isotonographic test -- a high-speed tonographic test (author's transl)]. AB - The isotonographic rapid test is a short tonographic test lasting about two minutes. One gram weights maintain the isotonia. The C values seem to provide a good means of distinguishing between normal and glaucomatous eyes. PMID- 7206564 TI - [Glaucomatous visual fields: observation of development with the Octopus automatic perimeter (author's transl)]. AB - The analytical program Delta was used to determine long-term fluctuations and accuracy of measurement of the program 31 of the Octopus when used with glaucoma patients. Program 31 examines the 30 degree field. The test locations are arranged in a square grid with 6 degree resolution. The program Delta determines and compares 1) the disturbed area in %; 2) the total loss, the total sensitivity being around 2000 dB; 3) the total loss in dB per mean number of disturbed points. 32 eyes of 22 patients with established glaucomatous field defects were examined twice within 2 to 6 days and 2 months later, twice again within this number of days. The size of the disturbed area served for classification of our sample into 3 groups: 1st group: disturbed area 1-33%; 2nd group: disturbed area 34-66%; 3rd group: disturbed area 67-100%. Long-term fluctuations and accuracy of measurement were determined as follows: 1) Disturbed area between 0.7 +/- 8% in group 3 and 1.7 +/- 13% in group 2. 2) The total loss increases proportionately to the disturbed area and was 4.9 +/- 29.2 dB in group 1 and 31.8 +/- 82.4 dB in group 3. 3) The total loss per mean number of disturbed points was 0.5 +/- 2 dB in group 1 and 0.3 +/- 1.2 dB in group 2. This means that, if the learning effect is over, changes of more than 2 dB, especially if several adjacent points are affected, are a significant loss, the learning effect, as determined in an earlier study, may go up as high as 2dB per point. PMID- 7206565 TI - [Initial experience with the computerized Octopus perimeter (author's transl)]. AB - Our experience with the computer-controlled automatic perimeter Octopus showed that both initial detection and observation of visual field defects are made easier because of the optimum examination strategy, the exact documentation and the ease with which results can be reproduced. PMID- 7206566 TI - [Diagnostic value of determining carcino-embryonic antigens in the aqueous humor (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostic tapping of the anterior chamber to determine the CEA count in aqueous humor is discussed. Taking the serum aqueous humor barrier (filtration index) into account, it is possible to determine how much of this tumor antigen is produced locally. A case report illustrates the relevance of the method in a case of bilateral metastases of breast cancer in the choroid. PMID- 7206567 TI - [Unilateral congenital anophthalmos with Trabecular agenesia and hydrophthalmos of the other eye (author's transl)]. AB - In a one-year-old female patient, unilateral anophthalmos was ascertained by clinical, echographic and X-ray examination. In addition, the cranial computer tomogram showed trabecular agenesia. The globe of the other eye was existent and was enlarged by hydrophthalmos. Pediatrically this case represents a syndrome with multiple anomalies of etiologically unknown origin; apart from the ocular malformation there are a severe cerebral developmental disturbance, an apallic syndrome, hypsarrhythmia, peculiar disproportional bodily structure with skeletal anomalies as well as an abnormal susceptibility to infections of the respiratory system and a marked, isolated IgA-deficiency. Neither chromosomal anomaly nor familiarity was discovered. PMID- 7206568 TI - [Indications for general anesthetic in ophthalmology (author's transl)]. AB - The use of general anesthetics in eye surgery demands full cooperation between the surgeon and the anesthetist. The advantages of a general anesthetic (patient completely immobilized, no pain at all, constant control of respiration and circulation possible, etc.) are described, as well as some disadvantages. The fact that intraocular pressure can be influenced by some drugs required with a general anesthetic is dealt with in detail. With regard to the disadvantages or complications arising with a local anesthetic special mention is made of temporary blindness resulting from retrobulbar injection. Over a period of 18 years (1962-1980), not one death occurred among 9000 patients who underwent surgery under a general anesthetic at the 2nd Budapest University Eye Clinic. PMID- 7206569 TI - [Effect of topical anaesthesic drops, measured by aesthesiometry (author's transl)]. AB - By means of a new electronic-optical instrument corneal sensitivity after application of topical anaesthesia was examined. In a prospective study different preparations were compared, also the influence of concentration dosage and milieu were studied. PMID- 7206570 TI - [Ophthalmological symptoms following extrathoracal reanimation (author's transl)]. AB - In patients with cardiac arrest and extrathorakal reanimation, hyposphagma, vitreous and retinal hemorrhages, fat embolism in the retinal arteries as well as fluffy exudates of the fundus were observed. Pathogenesis and connections with Purtscher's traumatic angiopathic retinopathy are discussed. PMID- 7206571 TI - [Causal treatment of corneal vascularization (author's transl)]. AB - Corneal vascularization is attributable to the swelling and increased lactate concentration in the cornea, which are caused by damage to the oxidizing metabolism. Invasion of leukocytes stimulated by prostaglandins also promotes the increase in the lactate concentration. The following causal treatment is possible: 40% glucose to combat the swelling, 3% cystein to improve the oxidizing metabolism and counteract the increased lactate concentration, and 0.5% indomethacin suspension to prevent the formation of prostaglandins and hence the invasion of leukozytes. PMID- 7206572 TI - [Keratoplasty in infants and children (author's transl)]. AB - In infants, keratoplasty is only performed in cases of bilateral, congenital, total corneal opacity. Results are very poor. Only one out of 16 grafts remained clear. From the age of about five or six years the results depend on the condition of the eye, as is the case in adults. PMID- 7206573 TI - [Complications arising after implantation of intraocular lenses (author's transl)]. AB - Report on complications arising with the first 301 intraocular lenses implanted in Frankfurt University Eye Clinic. The most common complications were postoperative luxations of the intraocular lenses. It was possible to remedy these in most cases. In three cases, postoperative permanent generalised corneal edema occurred. PMID- 7206575 TI - [Spontaneous regression of senile cataract (author's transl)]. AB - Spontaneous regression of senile cataract, an extremely rare occurrence, is illustrated with reference to findings in a woman patient born in 1892. The lens capsule was intact; an irritation which had gone unnoticed by the patient had led to posterior synechia of the iris and to the formation of a precapsular membrane in the lower pupillary region. At the time of examination intraocular pressure was in the upper normal range (20 mmHg). Following treatment of the " "aphakia" with appropriate cataract lenses the patient attained a remarkable 0.6% vision and Jaeger 3. PMID- 7206574 TI - [Early results after intraocular lens implantation (author's transl)]. AB - Within the past 12 months, 64 intraocular lenses were implanted. Only eyes close to emmetropia and not exhibiting any pathological condition were considered for this type of surgery. The average age of our patients was 76 years. Preoperative medication and surgical procedure are described. Serious postoperative complications have not been observed so far. Striate keratopathy (in 22% of the cases), as well as secondary glaucoma (in 11% of the cases) were restricted to the initial 4-5 postoperative days. In 73% of the cases the postoperative visual acuity was 6/8-6/6. Maculopathy and opacification of the posterior lens capsule left behind were responsible for reduced visual acuity in the remaining cases. PMID- 7206576 TI - [Safety handles for ski sticks to prevent eye, hand and stomach injuries (author's transl)]. AB - Eye injuries caused by ski stick handles are rare but serious. The material and shape of the handle can be designed to prevent serious injury without adversely affecting function. Even at winter temperatures polyurethane remains moderately malleable and shock-absorbent; it is light, and is a poor heat conductor, so that the hands do not get cold quickly. The end of the handle is 8 cm in diameter; attached to this is an adjustable loop which fits around the hand. The loop opens on impact. It is thus impossible for the orbit to sustain injury and there is less danger to other injury-prone regions of the body such as the neck and stomach. The anatomically designed handles, with wide thumb supports, help prevent hand injuries, and in particular thumb injuries, to a large extent. Such injuries have occurred frequently in the past. PMID- 7206577 TI - [Schimek's method of correcting senile entropion (author's transl)]. AB - Laxity of skin and tissue over the tarsal plate and spasm of the orbicular muscle along the lid margin lead to senile entropion. The lashes rub against the cornea and this irritation incites further lid spasm. The inferior margin of the tarsus everts easily and in strong cases of entropion the tarsal plate has turned 180 degrees. In 1957 Schimek described a method of correcting senile entropion by a permanently buried horizontal suture which runs from the medial part of the orbicular muscle to the periost of temporal orbital margin. This suture tightens the orbicular muscle and tarsoorbital fascia and provides eversion of the lower border of the tarsus. We have done this operation in 36 patients and were able to examine 24 of them (29 eyes) after a period of one month to 5 years after operation. In 21 patients we noted good results, in 8 cases we found a recurrence of entropion, which means a relatively high recidivity rate with this method. PMID- 7206578 TI - [Problems arising from the use of cosmetics on the lid margin (author's transl)]. AB - Report on clinical and histopathological changes of the conjunctiva after long term use of cosmetics containing carbon black (mascara, eyeliner) on the lid margin. Penetration of tiny pigmented particles into the stroma of the conjunctiva initially causes a follicular reaction which is evidently toxic, and later, results in a chronic follicular-papillary reaction. PMID- 7206579 TI - [Delayed results of treatment of squint (author's transl)]. AB - 226 cases of concomitant squint are reported, on, comparing the findings at the end of the treatment with those of more than 10 years later. Taking Lang's criteria for healing as a basis, there is a 23.9% quota of successful cures and a 34.5% quota of partial cures. After more than 10 years, 23% remain cured, while 46.9% show signs of partial recovery. PMID- 7206580 TI - [Eight years' prismatic treatment of convergent alternating squint (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of 178 Children, treated and untreated by prisms, were examined 1 year after strabotomy. The advantage of prism treatment is clear from the 22% normalization of binocularity (compared with 11%), 51% normalization of retinal correspondence (compared with 22%), and 93% good cosmetic result (compared with 68%). However, in spite of prism treatment, binocular vision remains defective in 71% of cases of squint. A reexamination of the same persons 3.6 years on average after the operation shows the same tendency in both groups (with and without prism treatment): impairment of binocularity, decrease on angle of squint, increase in number of persons with good cosmetic result but defective binocular vision (77% of prism patients). PMID- 7206581 TI - [Hereditary nystagmus]. AB - Hereditary nystagm occurs in latent and manifest form. It can be occur in isolation or together with certain hereditary alterations of the eye or of the central nervous system. The objection to a sharp separation of isolated (extraocular) and ocular hereditary nystagm is that no causal relationship between hereditary bulbar alterations and nystagm need exist. Survey of the hereditary transmission of latent and manifest nystagm in extraocular occurrence as well as in hereditary alterations of the eye and of the central nervous system. Reference to the significance of the brain stem for sight regulation and for the occurrence of hereditary latent and manifest nystagm. In operative treatment of nystagmic torticollis, Kestenbaum's principle must be taken very thoroughly into account to avoid therapeutic failures, as has been demonstrated by some practical examples. PMID- 7206582 TI - [Is there a typical motility disturbance in orbital wall fractures (author's transl)]. AB - In case of motility disturbances due to orbital fractures generally a vertical diplopia -- that means a vertical restriction of the motility of the globe -- is found. The classification into four types according to Friemel allows a differentiation between mechanical motility disturbances and those of other origin; furthermore a prediction can be made about the extent of the field of diplopia and about the involved position of gaze. In addition the urgency of a primary reconstruction of the orbit and the prognosis of a late eye muscle surgery can be estimated by this classification. It is of differential diagnostic importance that isolated injuries of the eye muscles and the check ligaments, an intraorbital haemorrhage and a subtotal paresis of the oculomotor nerve can show a similar clinical picture as usually found with orbital fractures. The early diagnosis of ocular motility disturbances caused by orbital trauma is of essential importance for the proper treatment and the recovery of binocular single vision. PMID- 7206583 TI - [Determination of HDL cholesterol levels in cases of ocular disease (author's transl)]. AB - Serum HDL cholesterol concentrations were measured in patients with ocular diseases. Patients with occlusions of the retinal arteries had significantly lower HDL cholesterol values than a control group. PMID- 7206584 TI - [Electroophthalmological, Fluorescence angiographical and computer perimetrical examinations in cases of contusio bulbi (author's transl)]. AB - In seven patients with diminished visual acuity, caused by oedema of the retina after contusio bulbi, the EOG, the photopic and the scotopic ERG as well as the VECP, elicited by luminance (H-EP) on the one hand and by pattern reversal stimulation (M-EP) on the other hand, were registered. These registrations were made both during and after the acute phase. The results were then compared with the results of the normal fellow eyes. Additional fluorescence-angiographic and computer-perimetric examinations were performed. All EOG and ERG components studied showed a significant reduction in the acute phase and a significant increase -- with the exception of the photopic b-wave -- in the regression of the oedema of the retina. However, the values of the affected eyes never reached the values of the normal fellow eyes. The different behaviour of the H-EPs and the M EPs is striking. While the medium values of the H-EPs showed little reduction in all examinations, the M-EPs showed a highly significant decrease or increase, with the visual acuity and the M-EP showing corresponding behaviour. PMID- 7206585 TI - [Limits of episcleral buckling procedure (author's transl)]. AB - After a brief survey on the indications of the Lincoff buckling technique, the limits of this method are demonstrated by means of varions cases. Then the application of the intraocular gas tamponade with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as an additional measure is recommended and described. The combination with vitrectomies in cases of advanced vitreous complications (MPP, proliferations, haemorrhages) is indicated. PMID- 7206586 TI - [Ocular involvement in polymyalgia rheumatica (author's transl)]. AB - Polymyalgia rheumatica is a disease of the elderly, more common in women. Pain and stiffness localized in the proximal extremities respond well to low-dose corticosteroids. In roughly half of the cases, giant cell arteritis can be detected in apparently normal temporal arteries. There is no danger of ocular involvement in "pure" polymyalgia rheumatica, even with a positive biopsy. When cranial symptoms, such as headache or tenderness of the temporal arteries, appear, there is a great danger of ocular involvement, and high-dose corticosteroid treatment is advisable. PMID- 7206587 TI - Effects of verapamil on P-R-intervals in relation to verapamil plasma levels following single I.V. and oral administration and during chronic treatment. AB - A close relationship between verapamil plasma concentration and effect on P-R interval could be established both after single i.v. and oral administration and during chronic oral treatment. After i.v. administration a linear relationship between verapamil plasma concentration and delta P-R (y=x (0.74) + 1.8) with a small between subject variation in the slope of the regression (%coefficient of variation 18.7, range 0.71-1.10) was observed. The slope of the oral plasma concentration response regression (y=x (0.33)-3.0) was statistically significantly (p less than 0.05) less than the slope of the i.v. plasma level response regression. Interindividual variation in the slope was most pronounced (range 0.13 to 0.47). On average two to three times higher verapamil plasma levels were required after oral administration in order to produce the same increase in delta PR as after intravenous administration. The most plausible explanation for the different slopes of the plasma level response regression seems to be stereo-selective presystemic elimination. Since after oral administration the plasma level response curve is less steep than after i.v. administration this indicates that the more active l-isomer is preferentially metabolized during hepatic first-pass metabolism. PMID- 7206588 TI - [The pharmacokinetics of adriamycin and adriamycin-metabolites (author's transl)]. AB - A sensitive reproducible, nondestructive method for the determination of adriamycin and its metabolites in plasma, leukocytes and tissues has been developed. Apolar substances as adriamycinone (adm-one) were extracted at pH 2 with chloroform, polar ones as adriamycin (adm) and adriamycinol (adm-ol) at pH 8.8 with chloroform: methanol, separated by thin-layer-chromatography and quantitated by fluorescence spectrophotometry. The plasma levels of adm-ol and adm-one were lower in all patients compared to those of adm. Further metabolites were found in the bile. Toxic effects were found in patients with prolonged half lives in the elimination phase. A delayed elimination was observed in a patient with an elevation of the bilirubin level, but also in patients without overt liver disease. The pharmacokinetics of adm showed considerable inter- and intraindividual fluctuations. PMID- 7206589 TI - [Immune reactions in pseudo-lupus-syndrome. A long-term study (author's transl)]. AB - 23 patients with proven pseudolupus-syndrome were observed over a period of five years; titers of specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) were tested in a follow-up study after the last intake of Venopyronum-Dragees (VPD), a drug combination of plant glycosides, horse-chestnut extracts and phenopyrazone. Cellular immune reactions against the eliciting drug, depended on the date of the acute phase and were examined in two patients after reexposure. High titers in the acute phase decreased rapidly in most of the cases within the first six months. After reexposure with VPD, AMA rose within three days up to the five fold compared with the initial titer. Only the analgetic component of VPD, phenopyrazone, was able to induce a significant increase of AMA-titer after reexposure. A specific cellular sensitivity to this substance could be demonstrated by lymphocyte stimulation in the presence of a phenopyrazone containing drug preparation. There was no chronic course of the disease; clinical exazerbation could be observed only after new intake of the drug. The analysis of drug history shows, that other pyrazolone containing drugs may also be able to induce a pseudolupus-syndrome. PMID- 7206590 TI - Differentiation of human alkaline phosphatases by lectin binding affinity. AB - Purified human alkaline phosphatases were separated by lectin binding affinity to Wheat germ lectin-Sepharose, Concanavalin A-Sepharose and Lentil lectin-Sepharose into three isoenzymes: the placental, the intestinal and the liver-bone-kidney type isoenzyme. Therefore, the carbohydrate chains of purified human alkaline phosphatases demonstrate the same isoenzyme classes than studies on structural, catalytical or immunological properties. The liver-bone-kidney-type isoenzyme shows a not yet described microheterogeneity on Concanavalin A and Lentil lectin. Thus, lectin binding affinity is a useful tool for the purification and separation of human alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7206591 TI - Sodium loss as leading symptom of renovascular hypertension in the newborn. AB - The history of a newborn developing severe renin-induced hypertension is reported. A thrombotic occlusion of the lower a.abdominalis with an ascending thrombus into the left a.renalis caused hypertension according to the two-kidney one-clip hypertension. High pressure diuresis induced weight loss by polyuria, hyponatremia and hypokalemia by severe renal salt losses. The vicious circle of malignant hypertension was initiated by sodium losses, not sufficiently recompleted by therapy. The full picture of an acute hypertensive renal damage was seen at autopsy in the unclamped kidney. PMID- 7206592 TI - Differential diagnostic importance of the creatine kinase isoenzyme pattern in severe traumatic head lesions. AB - Total CK and the isoenzyme CK-MB were determined simultaneously in the internal jugular vein and a cubital vein in 8 patients with acute traumatic lesions of the cranium. In these studies no relevant release of CK isoenzymes from cerebrum could be established. Acute traumatic lesions of the cranium therefore do not affect the value of the CK-MB determination in the internal intensive care medicine for differentiating elevated CK levels between skeletal and heart muscle affections. PMID- 7206593 TI - [Reduced cardiotoxicity of contrast media in angiocardiography. Comparative clinical study using diatrizoate with added calcium or metrizamide (author's transl)]. AB - Cardiodepressive side effects of angiocardiography can be reduced by using non ionic metrizamide (Amipaque) or adding calcium to diatrizoate (Urografin 76%). In 15 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing heart catheterization, we compared cardiac side effects of coronary angiography and left ventricular angiography using metrizamide and diatrizoate with and without additional calcium (11.3 mmol/l) as contrast media under randomized conditions. In selective intracoronary injection with diatrizoate alone, peak left ventricular pressure and contractility (dP/dtmax) showed a fall of 30 +/- 11% and 31 +/- 15% (n = 33 injections). Using diatrizoate with added calcium (11.3 mmol/l), the fall was only 23 +/- 12% and 20 +/- 10% respectively (n = 31 injections). With metrizamide (n = 32 injections) cardiac side effects are even less and the decrease in pressure and contractility only 13 +/- 10% and 7 +/- 7% respectively, which its highly significant (p less than 0.0001) compared with the effect of diatrizoate. The heartrate slowing, not essentially altered by calcium addition, was minimal using non-ionic metrizamide. In left ventricular angiography, the pressure fall in the late phase after injection of diatrizoate, caused by decrease peripheral vascular resistance (vasodilation), was lacking when injecting metrizamide (p less than 0.001). Metrizamide has even less cardiodepressive side effects than diatrizoate with additional calcium when used in angiocardiography and seems to be suitable particularly for the evaluation of high risk patients. PMID- 7206595 TI - Simultaneous recording of monophasic action potentials and contractile force from the human heart. AB - Cardiac monophasic action potentials (MAPs) and contractility have been simultaneously measured in man while the heart rate was being changed by right atrial pacing. A new non-suction electrode was used for safe and long-term recording of MAPs from the endomyocardium. Abrupt changes in cycle-length were followed first by a fast, then a slow response in the adaptation of MAP-duration and of contractility (LV dp/dt max) to the new steady state. After increasing the heart rate then slow phase of MAP shortening appears to be related to the slow staircase of contractility, whereas after the step decrease of frequency no such a relation could be observed. The consistency of these results with those obtained in corresponding in-vitro experiments indicates that this methodical approach may be suitable for assessing the process of E-C coupling in the human heart. PMID- 7206596 TI - Treatment of amanita phalloidin poisoning. PMID- 7206594 TI - [Hereditary and non-hereditary form of chronic hepatic porphyria: different behaviour of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in liver and erythrocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7206597 TI - Nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency in association with amyloidosis: a correlation between structure and function. AB - The following results were obtained by correlating light and electron microscopic findings from 85 cases of glomerular renal amyloidosis with clinical parameters: 1. Amyloid masses deposited in the glomeruli do not represent an effective filtration barrier, i.e., the formation of primary urine is not significantly influenced even by extensive amyloid masses in the glomeruli; protein retention is first observed when the glomerular capillaries are almost totally obliterated. 2. Once the nephrotic syndrome has developed in association with glomerular renal amyloidosis, it shows no tendency for remittance, despite progressing renal insufficiency. 3. The reason for this persistance of the nephrotic syndrome, despite increasing renal insufficiency, is a progressive reduction in the capacity of the tubules for protein reabsorption in the presence of increasing interstitial fibrosis of the kidney. 4. Interstitial fibrosis of the kidney cortex leads to increasing impairment in the oxygen and energy supply to the tubule cells together with considerable functional deterioration which, in addition to other metabolic disturbances, also results in a reduced capacity for protein reabsorption. PMID- 7206599 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta: biochemical and clinical evaluation of 13 cases. AB - Skin fibroblasts were cultured from 13 patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta and collagen biosynthesis was investigated in vitro. In those patients characterised by only mild manifestations of the disease, the ratio of collagen types I and III was disturbed. By contrast, fibroblasts obtained from patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta of a more severe type synthesised collagen types I/III in a normal ratio. PMID- 7206598 TI - Case report and study of collagen metabolism in Marfan's syndrome. AB - The case report on a 33 year old woman with prominent features of Marfan's syndrome is presented. Characteristic signs were seen in the bones, the eyes, the cardiovascular system, and the lungs. Due to regurgitation of both the aortic and mitral valves and an aneurysm of the ascending aorta a double valve replacement was made, including a prosthesis of the aorta. The problems of early diagnosis and therapy of the life-threatening cardiovascular complications are discussed. Tissue specimens from the aorta were analysed histochemically and biochemically. Histology showed a typical necrosis of the media with cyst formation. Biochemical analysis by in vitro labeling of collagen in tissue explants and by electron microscopical evaluation showed proportions of type I and type III collagen which were significantly different from controls. In both the media and the adventitia the amount of type I collagen was drastically reduced as shown by quantitation of collagen and procollagen. Fibroblasts derived from the skin of the patient showed a normal content of type I and type III collagen. It is conceivable that the reduced content of type I collagen in the aortic wall is responsible for the weakness of the vessel wall causing formation of aneurysm and its sequelae. PMID- 7206600 TI - [Value and risk of programmed ventricular stimulation in patients with chronic recurrent ventricular tachycardia (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic recurrent ventricular tachycardias represent potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. We used programmed ventricular stimulation for diagnosis, therapy and control of antiarrhythmic therapy in 17 patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Ventricular tachycardia could be reproducibly induced in 15 patients by programmed stimulation, QRS morphology and rate being comparable to the spontaneously occurring tachycardia. Programmed stimulation was repeated under antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Over a follow-up period of 8 months (3--13 months), the results of the acute electrophysiologic study seem to be predicting oral long-term antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Application of programmed stimulation is associated with potential risks: induction of "non-clinical" more frequent tachycardia: 3/17 pat. = 18%; acceleration of the rate of tachycardia while trying to interrupt it: 5/17 pat. = 30%; necessity of DC-cardioversion: 6/17 pat. = 35%. Despite these risks, programmed ventricular stimulation offers substantial improvement of diagnosis and control of therapy of severely symptomatic patients with suspected or documented ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation. PMID- 7206602 TI - [Method of photometric measurement of ciliary beat frequency from human tracheobronchial epithelium (author's transl)]. AB - A method of photometric measurement of ciliary beat frequency is described. Brush biopsies of human bronchial epithelium were obtained. Twenty healthy persons were investigated, sampling brush biopsies from trachea, main bronchus and segmental bronchus. Ciliary beat frequency was measured over a period of time at 37 degrees C as well as under increasing temperature from 20 degrees C to 40 degrees C. Mean ciliary beat frequency in the trachea is 12.5 Hz +/- 2.8 at 37 degrees C, slightly increasing ciliary beat frequency towards the periphery of the bronchial tree. Ciliary beat frequency found at 20 degrees C is almost exactly half the frequency found at 37 degrees C. When rising the temperature from 30 degrees C to 40 degrees C, ciliary beat frequency increases nearly in a linear line. A well reproducible method is used to measure ciliary beat frequency in vitro under different conditions. PMID- 7206603 TI - [Streptase treatment of a pulmonary artery thromboembolism]. PMID- 7206601 TI - Antiarrhythmic effects of acute betablockade with atenolol on supraventricular tachycardias at rest and during exercise. AB - In a total of 18 patients, 7 females and 11 male patients with ages ranging from 23 to 70 years (mean: 45.5 +/- 14.5) diagnostic His bundle studies incorporating programmed atrial and ventricular pacing for the induction of tachycardias was performed before and after betablockade with the cardioselective betablocking agent atenolol, in a dose of 5 mg given iv. over 3 to 5 minutes. In 7 patients the pacing procedure could be repeated following ergometric exercise in order to evaluate the influence of a raised sympathetic tone on the conditions initiating paroxysmal tachycardias. At rest, atenolol prevented the pacing induced tachycardias (20 dysrhythmias in 18 patients) in 3/5 individuals with Wolff Parkinson-White (WPW)-syndrome, in 4/6 cases with atrial tachycardias, in 4/6 patients presenting atrial flutter, in 2/2 cases developing AV-nodal tachycardias and in 1/1 individual with ventricular tachycardia. Thus, in 13 out of 19 (68%) supraventricular dysrhythmias patients benefitted from atenolol by preventing or controlling the tachycardia. Ergometric exercise changed the tachycardia or echo zone in 5/8 arrhythmias after betablockade when compared to the controls before administration of atenolol (3/5 improvement by narrowing of the tach- or echo zone, 1/5 prevention of tachycardia, 1/5 impairment due to widening of the tachycardia zone). Considering only the prevention of tachycardias, the antiarrhythmic potency of atenolol was improved in one patient with pacing induced flutter and impaired in one individual with a WPW syndrome, by ergometric exercise. These results suggest that atenolol seems to provide a good antiarrhythmic action, especially in supraventricular tachycardias, and that an increased sympathetic tone during exercise may modify the antidysrhythmic strength of betablockade. PMID- 7206605 TI - [Hyperplastic form of bronchial tuberculosis]. PMID- 7206604 TI - [Lipoma of the bronchus]. PMID- 7206606 TI - [Diagnostic errors in pulmonary tuberculosis at the preclinical stage]. PMID- 7206607 TI - [Diagnostic errors in respiratory organ tuberculosis in therapeutic practice]. PMID- 7206608 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis recurrences]. PMID- 7206609 TI - [Differential diagnosis of pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis recurrences]. PMID- 7206610 TI - [Clinical etiological characteristics and the treatment of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7206611 TI - [ECG characteristics of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7206612 TI - [Development patterns of chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7206613 TI - [Suppurative, destructive lung lesions in sepsis]. PMID- 7206614 TI - [Integration of phthisiology and pulmonology]. PMID- 7206615 TI - [Possibilities for increasing the effectiveness of controlling chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7206616 TI - [Criteria of the severity of bronchiectatic disease]. PMID- 7206617 TI - [Clinical anatomical characteristics of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]. PMID- 7206618 TI - [Cystic hypoplasia of the lungs (the terminology)]. PMID- 7206620 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7206619 TI - [Prognosis in pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7206621 TI - [Ratio of bronchodilator action of sympathomimetic agents to the degree of bronchial obstruction]. PMID- 7206622 TI - [Prevention of pulmonary complications after operations on the lungs and abdominal cavity organs]. PMID- 7206623 TI - [Central hemodynamics in chronic pneumonia in combination with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7206624 TI - [Extravascular lung fluid in chronic left ventricular and pulmonary insufficiency]. PMID- 7206626 TI - [Case of Hamman-Rich disease]. PMID- 7206625 TI - [Guanine deaminase and adenosine deaminase activity in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7206627 TI - [Croup-like pneumonia with a kidney lesion]. PMID- 7206628 TI - Endothelial regeneration. III. Time course of intimal changes after small defined injury to rat aortic endothelium. AB - The response to injury of the intima of the rat aorta was studied using a nylon monofilament to produce small, defined areas of endothelial denudation. A row of endothelial cells, three to five cells wide, was removed by pulling the tip of the filament along the length of the aorta. Platelet adhered to the exposed subendothelium. After 48 hours, this wound was covered by replicating endothelial cells which were densely packed together. This increased density remained over the site of injury for at least 4 weeks. A circular injury denuded a zone one to two endothelial cells wide. This wound was repopulated by endothelial cells within 8 hours without cell replication. No intimal thickening occurred in the vessels after either injury. PMID- 7206629 TI - Penetration of mouse peritoneal macrophages by the protozoon Toxoplasma gondii. New evidence for active invasion and phagocytosis. PMID- 7206630 TI - Effect of molecular charge on endocytic uptake of ferritin in renal proximal tubule cells. PMID- 7206632 TI - Capillary basement membrane thickening associated with the small intestine of the ketonuric diabetic Chinese hamster. AB - Morphometric evaluation of intestinal capillary basement membranes demonstrated a significant thickening in those of ketonuric diabetic Chinese hamsters compared to age-matched nondiabetic controls. A highly significant correlation was found between increased capillary basement membrane thickness and progression of ketonuria. Age was also positively related to elevation in capillary basement membrane thickness of control and diabetic hamsters. Capillary basement membrane thickness of diabetic animals was not significantly related to a combination of progredient ketonuria and advance in age. PMID- 7206631 TI - Monocyte infiltration and glomerular hypercellularity in human acute and persistent glomerulonephritis. Light and electron microscopic, immunofluorescence, and histochemical investigation on twenty-eight cases. AB - Glomerular monocyte infiltration was searched for using staining for nonspecific esterase and/or electron microscopy in 28 patients with acute glomerulonephritis submitted to biopsy at different intervals from the beginning of the disease. Significant monocyte infiltration was detected in 12 cases displaying prominent intracapillary hypercellularity and granulocyte exudation. All cases but one were submitted to biopsy in the first 6 weeks of the disease. Negative cases, submitted to biopsy in the same period or in the later phases of the disease, displayed more or less evident mesangial hypercellularity as the prevailing feature. Most positive cases showed glomerular deposits of IgG. Phagocytosis of IgG by mononuclear cells was investigated in all cases positive for monocytes and in 10 negative ones, using an immunofluorescence technique on paraffin-embedded material. Only in the former group were a few or scanty IgG-phagocytosing monocytes detected in six cases. Our results only partially confirm the role of monocytes in causing glomerular hypercellularity in human acute glomerulonephritis. In fact, the relevance of this phenomenon appears much less important than in several well-known experimental models and in some cases of human chronic glomerulonephritis. Moreover, macrophage infiltration is present in cases with greater immunologic involvement and tends to decline with time. Therefore, it seems that, in human acute glomerulonephritis, glomerular hypercellularity results mainly from intrinsic cell proliferation. PMID- 7206633 TI - Effect of single dose (1500 mg) rifampicin on infectivity of patients with lepromatous leprosy. AB - The effect of treatment with a single dose of Rifampicin (1500 mg) has been investigated in previously untreated lepromatous leprosy patients. A group of 14 cases were administered 1500 mg of Rifampicin in a single dose along with 100 mg Dapsone (DDS) daily. A control group received only 100 mg DDS daily. The patients were followed up for a period of 24 weeks. The clinical, bacteriological and results of mouse foot-pad inoculations do not indicate a significant advantage of the addition of a single dose of Rifampicin to the conventional therapy with DDA. PMID- 7206634 TI - A study of serum protein in leprosy. AB - Total serum protein albumin, globulin and A/6 ratio were determined in 50 patients of different types of Leprosy and 15 healthy controls. A significant elevation of total serum proteins (P < 0.001) was observed in 25 patients of Lepromatous leprosy and 10 patients of lepra reaction. No statistically significant alteration in total serum protein (P < 0.05) was observed in 15 patients of non-lepromatous leprosy. A significant fall in serum albumin with concomitant rise in serum globulin level (P < 0.001) was observed in non lepromatous leprosy, lepromatous and patients having lepra-reaction. PMID- 7206635 TI - A study of lepromin reaction in child contacts of leprosy patients and non contact children in Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu. AB - In this study early lepromin reaction has been used to detect delayed hypersensitivity reaction to a prior infection with M. leprae, recent studies indicate that a certain number of contacts who develop sub-clinical infection remain anergic to the lepromin test. This is indicated by the Fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (FLA-ABS) test of Abe (1979) which detects antibodies in the sera of infected individuals. Correlation of this serological test with lepromin response in contacts is in progress in the CJIL, Agra. These anergic contacts are likely to be susceptible to leprosy, a finding which would help in taking prophylactic measures. PMID- 7206637 TI - A study of contacts among leprosy patients. AB - The present study is a longitudinal study in which 96 families were surveyed and 566 population residing in leprosy patients families were examined and 20 new secondary cases were identified, giving rise the gross prevalence rate 3.45%. Males were mostly affected and younger population was the main victim of disease. Cases were present in the low socio-economic group of population and disease were mainly confined among illiterates and low educated population. The incidence of secondary cases was highest, those who were residing in extended type of family system. PMID- 7206636 TI - Cutaneous responses to antigens and irritants in patients of leprosy. AB - Forty seven patients of various types of leprosy were skin tested with PPD, Dharmendra lepromin, DNCB, Coccidiodin, histamine and croton oil. Twenty five age matched normal controls were also included in the study. All types of leprosy patients reacted in smaller numbers and with decreased response to all antigens and irritants as compared to normal controls. Depression of response being minimum in tuberculoid and maximum in lepromatous group. None of the patients or controls reacted to coccidiodin. Details are given. PMID- 7206638 TI - Liver in leprosy--I. Functional changes. AB - Liver function tests were carried out in 79 leprosy patients, out of which 28 patients were being treated and 42 patients were not receiving any treatment. The rest 9 patients were clinically quiescent. In the untreated group there were 28 tuberculoid and 14 lepromatus cases. The 28 patients receiving treatment were composed of equal number of lepromatus and tuberculoid groups. The liver function tests of 10 of the untreated tuberculoid patients were repeated after six months of specific therapy with D.D.S. The values of liver function tests of these patients were compared with that of 20 normal adults. The most important abnormality observed in the patients were a reversal of albumin/globulins ratio which was more common in the lepromatus group than in the tuberculoid group. Treatment with D.D.S. has resulted in the reduction of the serum globulin. There were no changes in transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities in the untreated patients. But however a rise in the above enzymes were observed in patients on treatment. The mean serum cholesterol values of the patients were lower than that of the controls. PMID- 7206639 TI - Treatment with thalidomide in steroid dependency and neuritis. AB - Thalidomide is found effective and useful in cases of lepromatous ENL in Corticosteroid dependent cases which had been on treatment with dapsone and lamprene. But eventually due to recurrence these cases had to be put back on steroids because of easier availability. Cases of neuritis responded much more satisfactorily and there was no change in the muscle deficity before or after treatment with thalidomide. PMID- 7206640 TI - Arteriographic pattern of plantar ulcers in lepromatous leprosy--study of 20 cases. AB - Sixty arteriograms were done in twenty cases of lepromatous leprosy with thirty five plantar ulcers of six months to two years duration. Tortuosity, narrowing and obliteration of vascular lumen was mostly observed. Obliteration of vascular lumen was seen in twenty five percent of cases. Arteriographic findings were directly proportional with age of patient and duration of ulcer. Hyperemia and neovascularisation were seen in active and infected ulcers. Advanced vascular changes were associated with osteolytic changes of the bone along with neurological deficit. PMID- 7206641 TI - Serum lipids in leprosy. AB - Sera of 58 patients of various types of leprosy were tested for total fat, phospholipids, cholesterol and alpha and beta lipoproteins. Total fat and both fractions of lipoproteins were found to have values comparable to normals in all types of leprosy. Serum phospholipid levels were significantly reduced in LL type of leprosy as compared to normals and TT group of patients. Similarly cholesterol levels were found to have significantly no value in LL group compared to that of the controls. PMID- 7206642 TI - The need for a full-fledged social welfare department in every leprosy project. PMID- 7206643 TI - Toxic psychosis after accidental ingestion of dapsone--review and case report. AB - A case of Toxic Delirious Psychosis in a 5 year old child after accidental ingestion of Dapsone is reported and relevant literature is reviewed. A suggestion is made for a detailed work on the Pathological and Metabolic affects of Dapsone on Central Nervous system. PMID- 7206644 TI - Heat stability of ochratoxin A in pig products. PMID- 7206645 TI - A study of the incidence and significance of Clostridium welchii in the wounds of dogs and undergoing open reduction of fractures. PMID- 7206646 TI - Parotid gland enlargement and hypersialosis in a dog. PMID- 7206647 TI - Plasma cell myeloma with IgG paraproteinemia in a bitch. PMID- 7206648 TI - Reticulosis of the eyes and the central nervous system in a dog. PMID- 7206649 TI - Pyloric stenosis caused by hypertrophic gastritis in three dogs. PMID- 7206650 TI - Successful conservative treatment of cervical discospondylitis in a dog. PMID- 7206651 TI - Congenital vestibulo-vaginal stenosis in the bitch. PMID- 7206652 TI - The effect of doxapram hydrochloride on cats anaesthetized with either Saffan or thiopentone sodium. PMID- 7206653 TI - Lead poisoning in a cat. PMID- 7206654 TI - Mycobacterium avium infection in a dog. PMID- 7206655 TI - Sinoatrial arrest associated with primary atrial myocarditis in a dog. PMID- 7206656 TI - DAWN: Drug Abuse Warning Network or Data About Worthless Numbers? AB - This report presents further data about toxicologic results in 1008 "mentions" to the DAWN (Drug Abuse Warning Network) System from Los Angeles County/USC Medical Center in 1977. Details from some of the blood concentrations found in that retrospective study are presented here for the most commonly reported drugs, both alone and in combination with alcohol. The data suggests caution about inferring drug abuse trends from DAWN data is presently collected. PMID- 7206657 TI - A suicide by pancuronium bromide injection: evaluation of the fluorometric determination of pancuronium in postmortem blood, serum and urine. AB - A fatal case of suicidal injection of pancuronium bromide is presented. Pancuronium was detected in blood and urine by ion-pair extraction and fluorometry. An evaluation of the fluorometric procedure for the determination of pancuronium in postmortem blood, serum and urine is presented. Stability of the extracted ion-pair, possible interferences from other drugs, and the effects of specimen storage were studied. PMID- 7206658 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of buformin in body fluids and tissues, using a nitrogen phosphorus detector: application to a postmortem case. AB - A specific method is described for the quantitation of the oral hypoglycemic biguanide buformin in biological material by gas chromatography. Phenformin, another biguanide derivative, is used as internal standard. Both compounds are converted to the corresponding s-triazine derivatives by reacting with acetic anhydride prior to gas chromatography with nitrogen-specific detection. The described procedure has been applied to the quantitative assay of buformin in body fluids and tissues, obtained from a postmortem case. The results of these toxicological investigations are discussed. PMID- 7206659 TI - A gas-liquid chromatography assay for phencyclidine and its metabolites. AB - A GLC assay for phencyclidine (PCP) is described, which also simultaneously measures three primary hydroxylated metabolites formed from incubating PCP in tissue homogenates. Using the FID detector, the limits of reliable detection of PCP and both monohydroxy metabolites, 4-phenyl-4-piperidino-cyclohexanol, 2, and 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine, 3, are 0.02 mumol per injection and 0.05 mumol for the dihydroxy metabolite, 4-(4'-hydroxypiperidino)-4 phenylcyclohexanol, 2A. Baseline separation of an compounds was achieved and coefficients of variation (between-run) was 3-6% for PCP, and both monohydroxy metabolites, and 12% for the dihydroxy metabolite. A GCMS assay is also reported herein for the analysis of PCP at low levels, and can detect 5 pmol per injection of PCP, with a linear standard curve from 50 to 2000 pmol. PMID- 7206660 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of cocaine in human plasma. AB - A simple isocratic HPLC procedure for the analysis of cocaine in plasma, with or without an internal standard, is described for the first time. Basified plasma was extracted in ether, re-extracted in acetic acid, which was subsequently basified prior to the final extraction in n-hexane. The hexane extract was evaporated to dryness, reconstituted in the mobile phase and then chromatographed. A reverse-phase micro-particulate C-18 column, a pre-column, and a UV detector set at 232 nm were used. A mobile phase containing 75% methanol and 25% 0.05 mol/L potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) was used at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Cocaine in the range of 20 to 500 ng/mL in plasma was determined on the basis of (a) peak height and (b) ratio of peak height to that of tetracaine internal standard. On either basis a linear regression on concentration was determined. The correlation coefficients (r) were 0.993 and 0.988 for (a) and (b) respectively. Twenty-two commonly used drugs were examined for interference. Eight drugs were considered candidates for potential interference with cocaine; lidocaine and droperidol were found to interfere in actual patients' samples. Only meperidine was found to interfere with the internal standard. Cocaine was determined in plasma from patients who received cocaine and other drugs. PMID- 7206662 TI - Determination of trace levels of hexachlorocyclopentadiene and octachlorocyclopentene in body fluids. AB - A simple, rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of hexachlorocyclopentadiene (C5-Cl6) and octachlorocyclopentene (C5-Cl8) in blood and urine is described. The procedure requires 5.0 mL of blood or urine, and involves the isolation of the compounds from the sample by liquid-liquid extraction, followed by screening and quantification via glass-capillary column gas chromatography with electron-capture detection and confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The assays are suitable for the detection and identification of nanogram quantities of these compounds in body fluids with a lower detection limit of 50 ng/mL for blood and 10 ng/mL for urine. PMID- 7206661 TI - Measurement of phencyclidine in saliva. AB - Following intraperitoneal injection of phencyclidine in the rat, concentrations ranged from 148 to 1364 ng/mL in saliva (mean +/- SD, 567 +/- 415) and from 196 to 1016 ng/mL in corresponding serum samples (mean +/- SD, 502 +/- 231). Phencyclidine concentrations in saliva showed no significant correlation with those in serum, and saliva concentrations were occasionally higher than serum concentrations. The saliva:serum concentration ratios ranged from 0.4 to 3.0. Since hypersalivation is common in man and animals after phencyclidine ingestion, measurement of the compound in saliva may provide a useful alternative to serum and urine which are not always available for analysis. PMID- 7206663 TI - Gas chromatographic analysis of illicit heroin samples. AB - Morphine and 6-acetylmorphine in illicit heroin samples can be easily determined by propionylation in aqueous solution (disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer). Heroin, 3-propionylmorphine and 6-acetyl-3-propionylmorphine are separated on methyl-phenylpolysiloxane liquid phases (5% phenyl content). The analytical procedure and the corresponding statistical data are presented together with the retention indices of typical street heroin concomitant drugs. The procedure can also be applied to the analysis of opium preparations and very dilute heroin (morphine) samples. PMID- 7206664 TI - Confirmation of parathion, methyl parathion and fenitrothion in biological material on thin-layer plates. AB - The present work describes a confirmatory procedure for the organophosphorus insecticides having a nitro group. These insecticides are reduced to corresponding amino derivatives on thin-layer plates, and the reduction product as well as the parent compound are resolved and identified by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 7206665 TI - Scrotal cancer in a pitch worker. PMID- 7206667 TI - Manufacturing processes: the manufacture of water. PMID- 7206666 TI - Target organs: the genito-urinary tract. PMID- 7206668 TI - Welders' health examinations. PMID- 7206669 TI - TLV of carbonylfluoride. PMID- 7206670 TI - Auditory perceptual impairments in children with specific language disorders: a review of the literature. AB - This article reviews the literature on auditory perceptual impairments in children with language disorders. It is suggested that, rather than a higher order cognitive or "linguistic" deficit, the underlying deficit in childhood language disorders is a perceptual one. The perceptual impairment may consist of a deficiency in detecting acoustic features in the speech wave that normally cue certain phonemes. Support for this hypothesis comes from clinical observations and experimental studies of aphasic adults as well as language-disordered children. The most consistent finding of the studies with language-disordered children has been that they have difficulty making perceptual judgments of the order of rapid sequences of brief sounds, such as synthetic speech and non-speech stimuli. However, these children perceive the sequences more accurately if the duration of the stimuli or the inter-stimulus intervals are extended. This suggests a "rate-specific" auditory perceptual deficit in language-disordered children for rapid acoustic information, such as the distinctive acoustic features of speech sounds. Treatment and future research implications are discussed. PMID- 7206671 TI - Earmold options for wideband hearing aids. AB - A summary of recent developments in earmold constructions for wideband hearing aids is presented. Earmold modification techniques, special earmolds, and temporary earmolds are discussed. The appendix contains the results from transmission line theory as applied to earmold acoustics and some sources for useful earmold supplies. PMID- 7206673 TI - Pitres' neurological model of language mechanisms in polyglot aphasics. PMID- 7206672 TI - Short- and long-term outcome in an intensive treatment program for adult stutterers. AB - A three week intensive treatment program for adult stutterers is described. This treatment has evolved from an original program developed by Ingham and Andrews (1973) using speech prolongation techniques, gradual shaping of speech rate to normal, and systematic transfer of skills acquired in the clinic to real life situations. Immediately after intensive treatment, stuttering was virtually eliminated and speech rate and attitudes toward communication were normalized. There was no substantial deterioration in these treatment effects when clients were evaluated in the clinic after two months in the Maintenance Phase of treatment. Speech and attitude measures collected outside the clinic 12--18 months after intensive treatment showed lasting overall improvement in most clients, although some deterioration in fluency from immediate post-intensive treatment levels had occurred in 40% of clients. Covertly collected data supported this finding. Possible causes of relapse and likely solutions are discussed. PMID- 7206674 TI - Psychological considerations in vocal rehabilitation. AB - The study of the human voice in phoniatric laboratories has added greatly to our knowledge of the physiology and pathology of vocal function. In dealing with voice patients, it must be supplemented by a consideration of all the psychological factors that determine vocal behavior and the relationship between patient and clinician. This discussion deals with the psychological reaction to voice, vocal dynamics, and approaches to therapy. Success in vocal rehabilitation depends on constant attention to these considerations. PMID- 7206675 TI - The effect of context on verbal elicited imitation. AB - Elicited imitation is a language sampling procedure in which a child is asked to repeat an utterance that is modeled by the examiner. In most clinical applications of this technique, the stimulus sentences are presented without any relevant context and without regard to whether the child knows the meaning of the sentences to be imitated. In the current experiment, 16 language-delayed preschool children repeated a set of 40 sentences, controlled for length, without context and with context provided by a set of pictures drawn to capture the meaning of the stimuli. For some of the children, the context had little effect. For the group as a whole, however, the number of errors was significantly reduced when the visual context was provided. These findings suggest that, for at least some children, the elicited imitation procedure is made more sensitive to the child's best grammatical performance when context is added. PMID- 7206676 TI - Palilalia: a descriptive study of pathological reiterative utterances. AB - Palilalia is an acquired speech disorder characterized by reiteration of utterances in a context of increasing rate and decreasing loudness. The condition has been associated with bilateral subcortical neuropathological. The relationship of palilalia to other adult disfluency syndromes, aphasia, and motor speech disorders requires a through understanding of the nature of palilalic speech. To date no detailed description of the nature and severity of palilalic reiteration has appeared in the literature. This case report systematically describes seven distinct types of reiteration, frequency (severity) of reiteration relative to seven types of speech tasks, and consistently and adaptation effects observed in a 29-year-old male. PMID- 7206677 TI - Electromyographic feedback treatment for tinnitus aurium. AB - The relationship between behavioral severity ratings of tinnitus and electromyographic (EMG) activity recorded at the frontalis muscle was investigated in a single adult female. A within-subject, double reversal experimental design was utilized. Although auditory biofeedback procedures were effective in decreasing and increasing EMG activity at frontalis muscle sites, changes in EMG levels were not systematically related to behavioral severity ratings of either tinnitus or annoyance. Psychoacoustic judgements of tinnitus parameters were similarly unrelated to EMG levels. Psychological strategies were developed by the subject that apparently were associated with increases as well as decreases in EMG activity. PMID- 7206678 TI - Adductor spastic dysphonia as a sign of essential (voice) tremor. AB - Adductor spastic dysphonia may not be one disorder but a voice sign of several different neurologic and psychiatric syndromes. This study evaluates whether rhythmic voice arrests, often components of "spastic dysphonia," are signs of essential tremor, a neurologic disorder. Data on 22 patients originally diagnosed as having spastic dysphonia, who had tremor-like or rhythmic voice arrests, were compared with data on two groups of patients who had essential (voice) tremor. The frequency of voice arrest on vowel prolongation in the group labeled spastic dysphonia was compared with the frequency of voice tremor in the groups with essential tremor. The median frequencies of 5.7, 5.0, and 5.5 Hz were not significantly different among the three groups. Patients in all three groups had tremor in other parts of the body, other scattered neurologic signs, and histories of life stress associated with the onset of their voice disorders. Although the results do not prove conclusively that the patients diagnosed as having spastic dysphonia in this study actually had essential tremor, the similarities to that disorder strongly suggest a linkage. PMID- 7206679 TI - Articulation therapy using distinctive feature analysis to structure the training program: two cases studies. AB - These cases reports describe the rationale and procedures for structuring an articulation therapy program on the basis of distinctive feature analysis of the child's articulation problems. Results of the speech therapy program described in these case reports illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of using distinctive feature analysis to structure and guide articulation therapy. The report further points out that a therapist need not greatly alter the traditional approach to utilize distinctive feature analysis as an integral part of the overall articulation therapy program. PMID- 7206680 TI - Language evaluation: science of art? AB - This study was designed to determine the degree of agreement between standardized tests of language development and clinical judgment. The Test of Auditory Comprehension of Language (TACL), the Carrow Elicited Language Inventory (CELI), and the Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development (SICD) were used. Three year-old white preschool children were tested individually by experienced speech language pathologists in day-care centers. Each examiner also made a clinical judgment of normal or impaired language behavior, based on observations during the testing. The results indicated that the CELI agreed the most with the clinical judgment of the examiners, followed by the SICD and TACL. The clinical significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 7206681 TI - Transfer of verbal responses across instructional settings by autistic-type children. AB - This investigation assessed the generalization of verbal behavior by autistic type children across different settings. Six youngsters who learned responses to common questions under two different training conditions at school were probed to determine transfer of learning to a novel instructional environment. Four children demonstrated only low rates of generalization to a novel environment regardless of the type of training. The other two children generalized most responses across settings irrespective of the original training conditions. PMID- 7206682 TI - Individual speaker influence on relative intelligibility of esophageal speech and artificial larynx speech. AB - Comparisons were made of the relative intelligibility of esophageal and artificial larynx speech. Care was taken to minimize the variable effects of individual speaker characteristics. For example, rather than relying solely on data comparisons between groups of different speakers, contrasts were also made between samples from subjects who could use both means of alaryngeal speech. Fifteen proficient male laryngectomized speakers were selected. Five used only esophageal speech, five used only artificial larynx speech, and five produced both forms of speech. Recordings were made while the subjects read 50 PB (Phonetically Balanced) words embedded in a carrier phrase and were transcribed by 30 naive listeners. Differences in intelligibility between esophageal and artificial larynx speech resulted when data comparisons were based on different speaker groups. However, differences were not evident when data from the same speakers were compared. The results were interpreted to highlight the possible influence of individual speaker characteristics, rather than differences between communication methods. PMID- 7206683 TI - Tennessee Test of Rhythm and Intonation Patterns. AB - The Tennessee Test of Rhythm and Intonation Patterns (T-TRIP) is a three-part suprasegmental test with 25 test items. The test items consisted of the nonsense syllable (ma) that was spoken and recorded with different rhythm and intonation patterns. Ten three-year-olds and 10 five-year-olds imitated the pattern they heard. The five-year-olds scored significantly better than the three-year-olds. The T-TRIP appears sensitive to differences between groups of different ages. PMID- 7206684 TI - Ipsilateral auditory pathway suppression in dichotic CV speech perception: evidence from error analysis. AB - The exact nature of ipsilateral auditory pathway suppression under dichotic stimulation remains controversial. To help resolve this controversy, the distinctive feature confusions (blend vs nonblend errors) made on a dichotic listening CV test by two hemispherectomees were analyzed. Results support ipsilateral auditory pathway suppression under dichotic CV stimulation. Ipsilateral auditory pathway suppression is discussed in terms of stimulus specificity, subject, and task difference. PMID- 7206685 TI - Speech style modifications of language-impaired children. AB - Six language-impaired children, each having a mean length of utterance (MLU) greater than 3.0, were observed in dyadic interactions with (1) normal-language children of similar chronological ages and (2) normal-language children who were younger but exhibited similar MLUs. Eight measures analyzing overall sentence complexity, sentence form, and features of discourse were used to compare the subjects' linguistic behaviors in the two conditions. Across conditions, the subjects made changes in their speech that were consistent with the speech style modifications made by normal-language children observed in earlier interaction studies. Lower Mean Pre-Verb Length, a greater degree of conversational assertiveness, and a higher frequency of Internal-State Questions were characteristic of the subjects in the MLU-matched condition as compared to the age-matched condition. Diagnostic and therapy considerations are discussed in view of these findings. PMID- 7206686 TI - Treatment of phonological disability using the method of meaningful minimal contrast: two case studies. AB - The results of a treatment procedure using meaningful minimal contrasts are reported. The procedure was successful in reducing the frequency of the following processes: final consonant deletion, stopping of fricatives, and fronting of velars, which were exhibited in the speech of two children with phonological disability. Generalization of response to non-treatment words was also evidenced. PMID- 7206687 TI - Multiple myeloma with extra-osseous metastases. PMID- 7206688 TI - Chronic peritoneal dialysis in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7206689 TI - Sliding and paraesophageal hiatal hernias, with spontaneous rupture of the stomach producing a mediastinal and retroperitoneal abscess. PMID- 7206690 TI - Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7206691 TI - Partial splenic embolization: an alternative to splenectomy in the treatment of hypersplenism. PMID- 7206692 TI - Alkaline reflux gastritis. PMID- 7206693 TI - Steroid structure and function--IX. Molecular conformation and receptor binding of isomeric analogs of D-homo-estradiol. PMID- 7206694 TI - Pubertal changes in androgen composition of rat rete testis and cauda epididymal fluids. PMID- 7206695 TI - An isomer of aldosterone. PMID- 7206696 TI - Androgen receptor specificity and growth response in Shionogi carcinoma cells. PMID- 7206697 TI - The excretion of urinary steroids by the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) studied using open tubular capillary column gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. PMID- 7206698 TI - Metabolism of the steroid anaesthetic alphaxalone by the isolated perfused rat lung. PMID- 7206699 TI - Use of [125I]-iodohistamine-labelled steroid derivatives as radioligands for radioimmunoassay of natural and synthetic steroids. PMID- 7206700 TI - Norethisterone-4 beta,5-oxide and laevonorgestrel-4 beta,5-oxide: formation in rat liver microsomal incubations and interference with microsomal epoxide hydrolase and cytoplasmic glutathione S-transferase. PMID- 7206701 TI - Interaction of pyridoxal phosphate with glucocorticoid receptors from HeLa S3 cells. PMID- 7206702 TI - Macromolecular binding of 5 beta-h steroids in chick embryo liver. PMID- 7206704 TI - Changes in the metabolic profile of steroids in urine during ethanol metabolism in man. PMID- 7206703 TI - Progesterone and dexamethasone antagonism of uterine growth: a role for a second nuclear binding site for estradiol in estrogen action. PMID- 7206706 TI - Ascorbic acid inhibition of aromatase activity in human placenta tissue. PMID- 7206705 TI - Redefinition of modulator as an inhibitor of glucocorticoid receptor activation. PMID- 7206707 TI - Kinetics of in vivo 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol metabolism in adult normal and castrated male rats. PMID- 7206708 TI - Characterization of microbial metabolites of sulfolithocholic acid by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7206709 TI - Microbial conjugation of tomatine. PMID- 7206710 TI - The effect of treatment with estradiol on the biliary excretion of [3H] aldosterone in male rats. PMID- 7206711 TI - Cell cycle dependent rate of labelling of cellular and secreted glycosaminoglycans in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. AB - Cultures of embryonic fibroblasts from Balb/c or CBA/J mice were given 12-h pulses of 14C-galactose, or were double-labelled with 3H-galactose and 35H sulfate. The time course of the rates of labelling of glycosaminoglycans- galactose label was found in the uronic acid moiety--was studied in synchronously and asynchronously growing cultures. Partial synchrony was achieved by trypsinising quiescent, confluent cells and subsequent transfer of cells to new cultures with fresh medium. Synchrony was monitored by measurement of thymidine uptake in parallel cultures. The distribution of label in the hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate fractions from cells and culture media was determined at each time point. Peaks of DNA synthesis were accompanied by or followed 12 h later by a maximal rate of labelling with galactose of secreted glycosaminoglycans, and with the exception of hyaluronic acid--also of cellular glycosaminoglycans. The rate of labelling with galactose of glycosphingolipids in parallel cultures followed a different time course. In double-label experiments the rates of labelling of glycosaminoglycan sulfates with 3H-galactose and 35S sulfate did not go parallel. In older, quiescent cultures the labelling rate with galactose decreased while the sulfation rate increased. It is discussed that the labelling rate with galactose is indicative of the biosynthetic rate of the glycosaminoglycans. The conclusion is reached that glycosaminoglycans are preferentially synthesized and secreted after the S phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 7206712 TI - Restricted expression of an MHC alloantigen in cells of the erythroid series: a specific marker for erythroid differentiation. AB - The spectrum of reactivity with various types of cells of a monoclonal antibody (CH-4) which detects a private MHC antigen of chickens was analysed. CH-4 agglutinates only RBCs that possess the B2 (MHC) haplotype. A new rosette-forming cell (RFC) assay was devised to detect individual cells (excluding RBCs) that possess the CH-4 specificity on their cell surfaces. RBCs that have CH-4 chemically coupled to their surfaces attach to, and form rosettes with, B2 antigen-bearing cells. Most non-RBC RFC were detected in active erythropoietic organs (adult bone marrow and embryonic spleen), and none were found in organs where erythropoiesis does not occur: adult thymus and bursa. Preincubation of bone marrow cells with CH-4 plus complement almost completely inhibits their capacity to form CFU-E without affecting their ability to form GM-CFU. In addition, CH-4 plus complement does not inhibit the capacity of B2/B2 lymphocytes to induce a graft-versus-host reaction under conditions where anti-B2 lymphocyte alloantisera are completely inhibitory. Our results strongly suggest that CH-4 monoclonal antibodies detect a private specificity on a gene product of the B-G locus whose expression is restricted to erythroid stem cells and erythrocytes. PMID- 7206713 TI - Glucocorticoid-induced lymphocytolysis: state of the genetic analysis. AB - The glucocorticoid-induced lysis of lymphoid cell lines offers a genetic approach to steroid hormone action because unresponsive variants can easily be selected as resistant to this lytic effect. The present state of analysis of lymphocytolysis in two murine cell lines, the S49 T-lymphoma and the W7 thymoma, is reviewed. All glucocorticoid-resistant variants isolated so far result from various defects in the glucocorticoid receptor. The absence of variants blocked at another step of the lytic mechanism is discussed. The observed hemizygosity of the glucocorticoid receptor locus in the S49 line and the instability of cell hybrids illustrate some of the potential problems encountered in somatic cell genetics. PMID- 7206714 TI - Control of alcohol consumption through price increase. AB - A review of the literature indicates that beer demand tends to be price inelastic, distilled spirits price elastic and wine indeterminate. PMID- 7206715 TI - Decriminalization of drunkenness: effects on the work of suburban police. AB - A seemingly paradoxical increase in the number of drinking-related jail-cell detentions occurred in 10 Massachusetts suburbs after the decriminalization of public drunkenness in that state. PMID- 7206716 TI - Adolescents' drinking and perceptions of legal and informal sanctions. A test of four hypotheses. AB - Peer disapproval contributed most and parental disapproval least to explaining adolescents' drinking behavior. Adolescents' moral commitment to laws and their perception of the certainty of legal sanctions had intermediate effects. PMID- 7206717 TI - Retardation of ethanol absorption by food in the stomach. AB - Ethanol diffusion from rat stomachs containing food particles was slower than from empty stomachs, and blood alcohol concentrations were lower in fed than in fasted rats given ethanol by gavage. PMID- 7206718 TI - Guidelines for the administration of alcohol to human subjects in behavioral research. AB - The guidelines are presented to assist researchers and institutional review boards in evaluating the adequacy of existing safeguards. PMID- 7206719 TI - Alcohol use by patients admitted to hospital emergency rooms for treatment of drug overdose and misuse. AB - Persons admitted to hospital emergency rooms for treatment of drug misuse with concomitant alcohol use were generally found to be heavy drinkers. PMID- 7206720 TI - Characteristics of the clinical alcoholic personality. AB - When alcoholics and nonalcoholics were compared on field dependence, stimulus augmenting (sensitivity to stimuli from the environment), anxiety and ego strength, they differed most in ego strength. PMID- 7206721 TI - Classifying women alcoholics by Cattell's 16PF. A preliminary investigation of an alcoholic typology. AB - Factor analysis of 16PF scores of 146 women alcoholics produced 6 factors which accounted for over 50% of the variance. The 6 personality types are described. PMID- 7206722 TI - Effect of information about role and outcome on alcoholics' attributional processes. AB - Alcoholics attributed an alcoholic's behavior to internal or dispositional factors. Alcoholics identified more closely with alcoholics who could succeed and nonalcoholics who failed than with nonalcoholics who could succeed and alcoholics who failed. PMID- 7206723 TI - Utility of portable breath alcohol testers for drunken driving offenders. AB - Participants in two countermeasures programs for drunken drivers found portable breath alcohol testers useful in making decisions about driving after drinking and said they would continue to use them if they were commercially available. PMID- 7206724 TI - Willingness to treat alcoholics; a study of graduate social work students. AB - On both direct and indirect measures, graduate social work students showed a significant bias against alcoholic clients. PMID- 7206725 TI - Alcoholics' transition from ward to clinic; group orientation improves retention. AB - When inpatients attended orientation sessions preparing them for outpatient treatment, a larger proportion of these patients than of patients receiving no orientation returned for outpatient care. PMID- 7206726 TI - Drinkers and nondrinkers at three and a half years after treatment; attitudes and growth. AB - Of ex-patients who drank following alcoholism treatment but were abstinent at 3 1/2 years after discharge from treatment, close to three-quarters had reported 18 months earlier that they were better adjusted at work and in familial and social relations than they had been before treatment. PMID- 7206727 TI - Subjective expected utility and children's drinking. AB - There is a positive relationship between children's drinking and their expectations of positive consequences of drinking. PMID- 7206728 TI - The NCA diagnostic criteria: critique, assessment, alternatives. AB - This analysis of the NCA diagnostic criteria has noted the relative lack of use and lack of research pertinent to the instrument. A critique and assessment of the criteria reveal major conceptual, methodological, psychometric and utilitarian problems. This may well explain why the instrument has received relatively little attention. Although the document (1) presents a legitimate diagnostic approach, it is narrow in scope and severely limited in applicability. Other diagnostic instruments exist which accomplish the same diagnostic task as the NCA diagnostic criteria, but in addition have more desirable psychometric qualities and are more utilitarian. Finally, more sophisticated methodologies, with the requisite psychometric and conceptual flexibility to deal with the data, have been developed, which render the NCA diagnostic criteria obsolete. PMID- 7206729 TI - Comment on E. M. Pattison's "The NCA Diagnostic Criteria: Critique, Assessment, Alternatives". PMID- 7206730 TI - [Platelet aggregation and platelet activating factor (author's transl)]. AB - Platelet aggregation is triggered by at least three distinct pathways. The first one is mediated by adenosine diphosphate, the second one by arachidonic acid metabolites and the third is defined somehow by exclusion of the first two. In fact rabbit platelets synthesize, during their activation, another substance with potent aggregating activity, namely platelet-activating factor or PAF-acether. Indirect pieces of evidence are presented, which suggest that PAF-acether is the mediator of the third pathway of platelet aggregation. PMID- 7206731 TI - [Responses of exocrine pancreas to a six month oral treatment by methadone in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Pancreatic secretion and pancreatic enzyme contents were studied in rats given orally methadone for six months (10 to 50 mg . kg-1 . day-1 in drinking water). The main results were as follows: 1. In conditions of acute pancreatic fistula under urethane anesthesia: (a) basal concentration of total protein increased in the juice (+23 p. 100, p less than 0,05). The increase in trypsinogen appeared larger than that of other enzymes; (b) under conditions of maximal stimulation by 2 deoxy-glucose (2 DG), all secretory parameters were increased (protein x 2.7, p less than 0.05; sodium x 1.7, p less than 0.02; bicarbonate x 1.8, p less than 0.05); (c) under conditions of maximal electrical stimulation of the vagus, pancreatic response was unsignificantly increased; (d) dose-response curves to secretin and CCK-PZ were unsignificantly changed. 2. Pancreatic weight was not changed. In the pancreatic tissue: (a) total protein decreased (-10 p. 100, p less than 0.01) as well as amylase (-30 p. 100 p less than 0.001), lipase (-19 p. 100, p less than 0.01) and trypsinogen (-9 p. 100, NS); (b) concentrations of DNA and RNA were unsignificantly increased; (c) histological structure was normal in optical microscopy. 3. Antral gastrin cell numbers were not changed. 4. In conclusion, a decrease in pancreatic enzymatic contents, associated with an increase of total protein in basal secretion and after maximal stimulation by 2DG are consistent with the hypothesis of an increase in synthesis and a decrease in turnover time of exportable proteins in the pancreatic tissue of methadone treated rats. No chronic pancreatitis was observed in these conditions. Endogenous gastrin was probably not involved in pancreatic changes observed. PMID- 7206732 TI - Effects of yohimbine and prazosin on water balance in dogs with diabetes insipidus. PMID- 7206733 TI - [Comparative pharmacological activity of triamcinolone acetonide and of a new topical steroid: amcinonide, after percutaneous or oral administration (author's transl)]. AB - This study was carried out in order to compare the potential anti-inflammatory activity and the level of action of triamcinolone acetonide (Triam. Ac.) and amcinonide (Amc.) after percutaneous administration to animals. Administered per os to rats Amc. is 18 times less active (DI50 1,85 mg . kg-1) on carrageenin plantar edema and 10 times less active (DI50 4,2 mg . kg-1) than Triam Ac. on air pouch granuloma with carrageenin. The potential anti-inflammatory activity at the various levels of tissues under the skin was evaluated with an ointment and a cream containing the two corticosteroids through three methods: --vasoconstrictor assays on guinea pig showing cutaneous activity; --plantar edema showing subcutaneous activity; --air pouch granuloma showing anti-exsudative activity. The results are as it follows: --vasoconstrictor activity Amc. higher than Triam. Ac.; --plantar edema Amc. equal to Triam Ac.; --air pouch granuloma Am. lesser than Triam. Ac. The two corticoids administered percutaneously show any thymolytic activity on young female rats. Though Amc. is far less active than Triam. Ac. when orally administered, nevertheless it is a powerful dermocorticoid with a poor systemic activity. Its local effects are less profound than those of Triam. Ac. PMID- 7206734 TI - [Kinetic aspects of the glipizide-induced hypoglycemia in the dog (author's transl)]. AB - The study of the kinetics of hypoglycemia induced by glipizide (second generation hypoglycemic sulfonamide) was carried out on the normal conscious dog. 1. In a first series of experiments glipizide was given intravenously at the dose of 0.1 mg .kg-1. The hypoglycemic effect of the drug occurred rapidly and reached a maximum at the 30th minute. This maximum effect did not much vary from one animal to another. The hypoglycemic action persisted at least 7 hours after the injection, and at the 24th hour blood glucose level returned practically to the initial values. 2. The kinetics of hypoglycemia after per os administration were studied when glipizide was given either in solid form preparation or in solution form. Glipizide given per os in powder form at the dose of 0.1 mg . kg-1 induced a kinetics of hypoglycemia which varied from one animal to another. The hypoglycemic effect which appeared within 1 to 4 hours after administration, reached its maximum within 2 to 6 hours; it ranged from -6 p. 100 to -52 p. 100. A tenfold higher dose (1 mg . kg-1) produced a hypoglycemia which occurred more rapidly, with less dispersion in the intensity of the response. When glipizide was given at the dose of 0.1 mg . kg-1 in solution form, it can be noted that in all cases hypoglycemia occurred earlier than after administration in powder form at the same dose, while the dispersion in the maximum effect is still considerable. These results lay stress once again on the importance of the form of administration on the kinetics of hypoglycemia and on its intensity. PMID- 7206735 TI - [Screening for anti-arrhythmic activity in mice]. PMID- 7206736 TI - An animal model for assessing pain-on-injection of antibiotics. AB - The paw-licking response of rats to a subplantar injection of an antibiotic was used as an indicator of the pain caused by that antibiotic. Good agreement with clinical findings was obtained with cefoxitin, cephalothin, cephradine, cefazolin, cephaloridine, and carbenicillin. Incorporation of a local anesthetic into the diluent of an irritating antibiotic reduced the number of paw-licking episodes. This rat paw model offers a simple and rapid means of estimating pain on-injection following intramuscular injection of antibiotics to humans and may be applicable to other drugs as well. PMID- 7206737 TI - An isolated, blood-perfused, feline heart preparation for evaluating pharmacological interventions during myocardial ischemia. AB - A preparation is described in which feline hearts were perfused with arterial blood drawn from a blood-donor cat. Ventricular function was measured with a fluid-filled latex balloon within the left ventricle. Left ventricular developed pressure, maximum left ventricular dP/dt, ventricular compliance, and coronary blood flow changed only slightly during two hours of perfusion at a constant pressure of 75 mmHg. Water, sodium, potassium, and calcium contents, and creatine kinase activity of isolated hearts did not differ from the values obtained for intact hearts from the blood-donor cats. Isolated hearts subjected to 40 minutes of normothermic global ischemia with one hour of reperfusion exhibited significantly decreased contractility, but no change in ventricular compliance. Myocardial water and sodium contents were increased after 40 minutes of ischemia and reperfusion. Hearts subjected to 60 minutes of ischemia with reperfusion exhibited decreases in both contractility and compliance. A prolonged reactive hyperemic response was maintained throughout the hour of reperfusion. Myocardial sodium content increased more than could be accounted for by edema formation; decreases were observed in potassium content and creatine kinase activity while calcium content was increased. The applicability of this model for evaluating the effects of pharmacological interventions on myocardial ischemic injury are discussed. PMID- 7206738 TI - A method for the rapid quantitation of methylated hepatic DNA-purines using high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - An isocratic high pressure liquid chromatography system that can be employed for the separation and quantitation of four of the major methylated purines commonly found in DNA after exposure to carcinogenic/mutagenic alkylating agents (1 methyladenine, 3-methyladenine, O6-methylguanine and 7-methylguanine) is presented in this paper. Data from experiments in which rats were treated with methyl-N-nitrosourea have been used to illustrate the applicability of the method. The amounts of the methylated bases observed were consistent with values reported in the literature. PMID- 7206739 TI - On the "Normalization" of active developed force of isolated helical strips of muscular and elastic arteries for variation in wall thickness. AB - Responses of helical strips of ventral tail (muscular) and anterior mesenteric (elastic) artery of rats of two different sizes to a fixed concentration of norepinephrine (NE, 6 X 10(-7)M) were plotted versus incremental levels of resting tension. In addition, complete NE cumulative dose-response curves (6 X 10(-10) to 6 X 10(-4)M) were obtained at the optimal resting tension of each strip. Thirteen measurements or calculations of strip dimensions were made on each vessel and active developed force was divided by each of the dimensions. Vessels from larger rats had thicker walls. The active versus resting tension curve for the muscular artery was steeper and thus determination of optimal resting tension is more critical in this artery. Among the measurements used, active developed force of the muscular artery strip was best "normalized" for variation in wall thickness when expressed as percentage or force per unit of total or tunica media cross-sectional area. Active developed force of the elastic artery strip was best "normalized" for variation in wall thickness when expressed as percentage or per unit of total volume. NE dose-response curves have substantially different appearances when responses are expressed in alternative ways. In conclusion, careful attention to these technical details is necessary in comparison of active developed force in arteries of different sizes. Different techniques may be needed for muscular and elastic arteries. PMID- 7206740 TI - Rapid intracerebroventricular injection assisted by an automatic syringe. AB - Rapid intracerebroventricular (icv) injections in the conscious mouse are described, using a small volume gas-tight syringe with repeating dispenser device (Hamilton Bonadoz, Switzerland). The device gives reproducibility within 2% of chosen volume, while facilitating rapid icv injections to groups of animals. The technique is used to demonstrate in the mouse the antinociceptive activity of clonidine, using the tail-immersion test. PMID- 7206741 TI - Cardiovascular responses of fetal guinea pig to norepinephrine. AB - A technique allowing the direct measurement of fetal heart rate and blood pressure in the guinea pig is described in detail. The basal heart rate and blood pressure measurements under both pentobarbital and methoxyflurane anesthesia are given. In comparison to the mother, the fetal cardiovascular system was less responsive to norepinephrine. This technique demonstrates the feasibility of using the guinea pig in fetal cardiovascular experimentation. PMID- 7206742 TI - The evolution of the chemical isotopes as an analog of biological evolution. PMID- 7206743 TI - Application of the Hodgkin--Huxley equations to an electric field model for interaction between excitable cells. PMID- 7206744 TI - Mixed and uniform co-operativity of ligand binding to multisite proteins: the co operativity types allowed by the Adair equation and conditions for them. PMID- 7206745 TI - Analysis of a model of cell cycle in eukaryotes. PMID- 7206746 TI - Topological solution for cell proliferation in intestinal crypt. I. Elastic growth without cell loss. PMID- 7206747 TI - Application of search theory to the analysis of prey aggregation as an antipredation tactic. PMID- 7206748 TI - Membrane patch motion. PMID- 7206749 TI - Magnetic induction for the sensing of magnetic fields by animals--an analysis. PMID- 7206750 TI - Measures of enzyme co-operativity. PMID- 7206751 TI - Sex ratio changes and the evolution of eusociality in the hymenoptera: simulation and games theory studies. PMID- 7206752 TI - Hydration of peptides. I. Calculation of accessible surface areas for several conformations of a cyclic dipeptide. PMID- 7206753 TI - Hydration of peptides. II. Determination of the preferred sites of interactions of a cyclic dipeptide with water. PMID- 7206754 TI - A thermodynamic theory of evolution. PMID- 7206755 TI - Rethinking allometry. PMID- 7206756 TI - Hemorrhagic infarction and coronary reperfusion. AB - Coronary ligation experiments were performed on 23 primates. Some of the experiments were followed by reperfusion after periods of occlusion of from 1 to 6 hours. Hemorrhage into the infarct was noted in all animals and was greatest following reperfusion after 4 hours of occlusion or longer. Hemorrhage increases the measured infarct size to the point that it is actually larger than that seen with ligation alone. However, this increase is accounted for by the larger amount of intramyocardial hemorrhage. Hemorrhage is greatest in the center of the infarct and decreases at the margins. It appears that hemorrhage occurs into necrotic muscle and does not occur significantly at the margins of the infarct where damage to otherwise viable myocardium might result. PMID- 7206757 TI - Critical importance of ensuring cardioplegic delivery with coronary stenoses. AB - This study examines the relative importance of the duration of ischemia versus the adequacy of cardioplegic distribution and protection in hearts with coronary stenoses. Of 18 dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass, 12 underwent critical narrowing (greater than 90%) of the left circumflex artery (LCA) and total occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). In six dogs (control) the coronary arteries were patent. A 16 degrees C blood cardioplegic solution was given at 20 minute intervals of aortic clamping. In control dogs and in six dogs with stenoses, the aorta was clamped for 60 minutes. In the latter group, the stenoses were removed after 20 and 40 minutes to simulate sequential completion of grafts and better cardioplegic distribution. In the remaining dogs with stenoses, the aorta was clamped for only 30 minutes, with stenoses removed after the heart had been returned to the beating empty state for 30 minutes to simulate doing distal grafts with cardioplegic protection and proximal grafts during reperfusion (traditional technique). With sequential grafting, myocardial temperature was lower (16 degrees C versus 22 degrees C) and incidence of reperfusion fibrillation less than with the traditional technique. Despite a greater ischemic interval, sequential grafting with adequate cardioplegic distribution resulted in less lactate washout (5 +/- 15 versus 35 +/- 6 cc/100 gm/min), greater recovery of compliance, and higher stroke work indices (1.32 +/- 0.12 versus 0.75 +/- 0.15 kg-m/min). We conclude that the success of myocardial protection with potassium cardioplegia in hearts with coronary stenoses is related more to ensuring its distribution than to limiting the duration of ischemic arrest with the false assumption that the heart is reperfused adequately while proximal grafts are completed in the beating empty state. PMID- 7206758 TI - Urine and serum potassium levels after potassium cardioplegia. AB - Potassium cardioplegia for myocardial preservation is being used extensively in heart operations. This study was designed to determine the effect of potassium cardioplegia on serum and urine potassium levels. A control group of 11 patients was compared to a study group of 24 patients. Myocardial preservation in the control group was achieved by whole body cooling to 20 degrees to 30 degrees C and in the study group, by repeated injections every 30 minutes of 500 to 700 ml of cold pump blood, containing potassium chloride 30 mEq/L, into the aortic root after aortic clamping. Total potassium dose in the study group was 46 +/- 21 mEq (mean +/- SD). Mean serum potassium level was significantly higher during and after bypass in the study group (after bypass: control 3.65 +/- 0.11 mEq/L, study 4.24 +/- 0.10 mEq/L [mean +/- SE], p less than 0.005), but was within normal limits in both groups. Urine potassium levels and excretion rates were significantly higher in the study group (potassium excretion rate after bypass: control 6.1 +/- 0.7 mEq/hr, study 11.3 +/- 0.9 mEq/hr [mean +/- SE], p less than 0.0025). We conclude that no special measures are required to facilitate potassium excretion when total potassium cardioplegia dose is not greater than 50 mEq. PMID- 7206759 TI - Replacement of ventricular myocardium with diaphragmatic skeletal muscle: short term studies. AB - A pedicled diaphragmatic skeletal muscle graft was used to replace a portion of resected right ventricle in 35 dogs. The graft contracted when electrically stimulated directly or via the phrenic nerve before and after insertion. The electrical pacing threshold was lower for phrenic nerve stimulation (0.9 +/- 0.20 mamp) than for direct graft stimulation (2.3 +/- 1.19 mamp). The heart could be captured and paced by stimulating the muscle graft with higher current (16.2 +/- 4.49 mamp). The delay from pacing stimulus to muscle graft contraction when the graft was paced directly was 10 msec. The epicardial activation time delay when the heart was paced through the muscle graft was 27.0 +/- 9.08 msec. When the muscle graft pedicle was transected, the graft lost its ability to contract. The heart, however, could still be captured electrically through the graft for up to 4 hours. Strain gauge studies of the nonstimulated muscle graft showed tension development during pre-ejection ventricular contraction identical to that of the right ventricle. In the ejection phase, muscle graft tension slowly declined. The stimulated muscle graft developed active tension and echographically demonstrated muscle thickening during contraction. This study demonstrates that a vascularized, neurally innervated diaphragmatic muscle graft can be placed into the right ventricle. The graft retains its ability to contract in response to direct or phrenic nerve stimulation. It can be made to contract during any phase of the cardiac cycle. Thus diaphragmatic muscle grafts may provide a method to augment ventricular cavity size with synchronously contracting muscle. PMID- 7206760 TI - Reversal of experimental pulmonary hypertension with sodium nitroprusside. AB - Pulmonary vascular resistance may be elevated by the use of vasoconstrictive agents or by alveolar hypoxia. The present study was designed to determine the precise vasoconstrictive effects of the two inotropic agents, dopamine and epinephrine, as well as the effects of alveolar hypoxia on the pulmonary vascular system. In addition, the vasoactive effects of a known vasodilator, nitroprusside, were studied. A canine pulmonary lobar preparation was isolated in situ with its pulmonary artery and bronchus selectively cannulated in order to maintain a constant lobar pulmonary blood flow and in order to vary the inspired oxygen concentration from 95% to 0%. Pulmonary vascular pressures were determined by direct measurements and pulmonary vascular resistance units (PVRU) were calculated. Dopamine, epinephrine, and nitroprusside were infused into the isolated pulmonary artery singly and in combination, and the inspired oxygen concentration was varied during each drug infusion. The results of the study demonstrate that dopamine, epinephrine, and alveolar hypoxia all significantly elevate pulmonary vascular resistance. When these two drugs are used together in the presence of hypoxia, the effect on pulmonary resistance is additive. Furthermore, nitroprusside prevents the elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance caused by alveolar hypoxia, and when used with dopamine or epinephrine in the presence of hypoxia, nitroprusside reduces pulmonary vascular resistance toward normal. PMID- 7206761 TI - Bronchoscopic diagnosis and treatment of bronchial stump suture granulomas. AB - Eight patients in whom new respiratory symptoms developed following pulmonary resection have been evaluated. The bronchial stumps in all of these patients had been closed with Tevdec suture material. The total number of pulmonary resections using Tevdec suture from January, 1971, to January, 1980, was 180, yielding an incidence of the complication of 4.4%. No patient had empyema or bronchopleural fistula. Symptoms included nonproductive cough (eight patients), hemoptysis (five patients), wheezing (two patients), and coughing up suture material (two patients). The underlying disease necessitating pulmonary resection was carcinoma in five patients, carcinoid adenoma in one patient, tuberculosis in one patient, and bronchiectasis in one patient. The median time interval between resection and development of respiratory symptoms was 18 months, with a range of 8 to 57 months. The chest roentgenograms showed no change from earlier postoperative films. Bronchoscopy under general anesthesia was performed in all eight patients. Granulation tissue around loosened Tevdec sutures was present in all patients so examined. No residual tumor or specific infection was identified. Immediate and sustained relief of symptoms was obtained in seven of eight patients by removal of the loosened sutures. One patient has had recurrence of minor hemoptysis 18 months following suture removal but has refused further endoscopy. Stainless steel staples have been used for bronchial stump closure in over 100 pulmonary resections since 1977 and no such complications have been seen. PMID- 7206762 TI - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Successful treatment of persistent fetal circulation following repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AB - Four neonates (three having undergone repair of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia and developing a persistent fetal circulatory pattern and one having severe infant respiratory distress syndrome) have been supported with prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh between December of 1979 and April of 1980. Three have survived. This encouraging experience indicates that the pattern of persistent fetal circulation in the newborn infant who has undergone repair of a diaphragmatic hernia can be successfully managed with ECMO even when efforts to lower pulmonary hypertension and improve oxygenation with vasodilators (tolazoline, phenothiazine, acetylcholine, or prostaglandin E1) and have been ineffective. The effectiveness and safety of ECMO is convincing enough to warrant its consideration as therapy for congenital diaphragmatic hernia and persistent fetal circulation prior to the use of vasodilators. PMID- 7206763 TI - Penetrating thoracic trauma producing cardiac shunts. AB - The English literature contains 101 reported cases of cardiac fistula following penetrating thoracic trauma. We describe an additional 10 cases seen during a 7 year period. Six patients had ventricular septal defects, another a ventricular septal defect together with a ventriculo-atrial defect, two patients had aorta- right ventricular fistulous and the final patient, a right coronary artery--right atrial fistula. This series demonstrates several interesting features. First, the mode of clinical presentation in four of the 10 patients was remarkable, because despite severe cardiac injury they initially had neither symptoms nor signs of cardiac decompensation. Second, only two of the seven patients hospitalized immediately after the injury presented with cardiac murmurs suggestive of cardiac fistula formation, whereas the remaining five exhibited cardiac murmurs 1 to 21 days after initial cardiovascular examination. Third, concomitant traumatic valvular lesions occurred frequently (five of 10 cases) but usually were not clinically detectable because of the similarity and dominance of the fistulous murmur. Fourth, it was confirmed that the type of cardiac fistula occurring most commonly following penetrating cardiac trauma was a ventricular septal defect and that conservative management of small ventricular septal defects is compatible with a prolonged asymptomatic course. Finally, attention is drawn to the frequent association of aortic incompetence with aorta--right heart fistulas and the tendency for these fistulas to produce congestive cardiac failure. PMID- 7206764 TI - Blunt traumatic rupture of the heart. Successful repair of simultaneous rupture of the right atrium and left ventricle. AB - A case is reported of a 48-year-old man who sustained simultaneous rupture of the right atrium and left ventricle following blunt trauma in a motor vehicle accident. Rupture of one or more cardiac chambers in blunt cardiac trauma is not uncommon. However, survival to reach the hospital is rare. The clinical features of cardiac rupture are those of pericardial tamponade or hemorrhage, depending on whether or not the pericardium is intact. Successful management of cardiac rupture in the few reported survivors has depended on a high index of suspicion when signs of tamponade occur after blunt injury. Prompt exploration is essential, as few patients survive longer than 60 minutes after injury. Ready availability of cardiopulmonary bypass is emphasized. Atrial rupture can be managed without bypass, but left ventricular rupture, as in this case, would seem impossible to repair without it. PMID- 7206765 TI - Supravalvular mitral ridge containing the dominant left circumflex coronary artery. AB - A supravalvular mitral ridge containing the dominant left circumflex coronary artery was found at autopsy in a 2-month-old girl with atrial and ventricular septal defects. This ridge is compared to the classical supravalvular mitral ring, and surgical implications are discussed. PMID- 7206766 TI - Results of the Mustard operation for dextro-transposition of the great arteries. AB - One hundred twenty patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (TGA) underwent intra-arterial baffle repair using thin Dacron fabric from 1971 to 1979. The ages of the patients ranging from 29 days to 17 years (mean age 28 months). Thirty-five patients had undergone 49 preliminary palliative operations. Early postoperative mortality was 4.8% for patients with simple TGA but was higher among patients with associated ventricular septal defect (26%), VSD and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (28.5%) and intact ventricular septum with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (12.5%). Early nonfatal postoperative complications included low cardiac output (23.3%), respiratory insufficiency (35.8%), junctional rhythm (34.1%), superior vena caval (SVC) obstruction (9.1%), and chylothorax (7.5%). Late postoperative mortality for all groups was 7.5% (nine patients). Late cardiac dysrhythmias occurred in 33 patients (40.7%). Normal sinus rhythm has been preserved in all patients since direct, high SVC cannulation was instituted. Late postoperative hemodynamic and angiographic evaluation in 61 patients revealed severe to total SVC obstruction in 12 patients (20.2%) and pulmonary venous obstruction in four patients (6.5%). Among the latter, two patients died following reoperation and another patient died without operation. SVC obstruction was clinically important in only three patients, two of whom have undergone successful reoperation. All other late survivors are acyanotic and clinically well. The Mustard operation has dramatically improved the survival rate and quality of life for patients with TGA. However, postoperative caval and pulmonary venous obstruction are problems which require additional technical modifications and stimulate the search for alternative corrective operations. PMID- 7206767 TI - Cardiopulmonary bypass in the presence of uncorrected coarctation. AB - We performed correction of intracardiac lesions in 10 patients with coarctation. All cardiovascular lesions were corrected except coarctation. Six patients had a large left-to-right shunt though a ventricular septal defect (VSD), two patients had left ventricular outflow obstruction, two patients had mitral insufficiency, and one patient had mitral stenosis. Arterial perfusion was through the ascending aorta. Urine output was 6.0 +/- 1.5 cc/kg/hr during cardiopulmonary bypass. There was no morbidity related to cardiopulmonary bypass or inadequate perfusion of the lower body, and left ventricular failure did not occur. One patient with Taussig Bing abnormality and pulmonary vascular disease died postoperatively of right ventricular failure. Intracardiac repair with aortic perfusion in the presence of coarctation is a safe alternative to coarctation repair or combined procedures. PMID- 7206768 TI - Clinicopathological correlates of obstructed right-sided porcine-valved extracardiac conduits. AB - Thirteen of 308 patients (4.2%), who had received right-sided valved extracardiac conduits at the Mayo Clinic from November, 1972, to April, 1977, have required conduit replacement because of obstruction. Patients were 5 to 16 years old at initial operation and 8 to 20 years old at reoperation; the duration of conduit implantation was 27 to 79 months (mean 50). Four patients (31%) were asymptomatic; exertional dyspnea was present in eight (62%) and dizziness was reported in one (8%). Signs of conduit obstruction included increasing intensity of murmurs in 11 (85%), cyanosis in two (15%), and heart failure in one (8%). Peak pressure gradients from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries ranged from 50 to 140 mm Hg (mean 87) and correlated well with the degree of conduit obstruction. Catheter pullback allowed accurate localization of stenosis within the conduit, whereas angiography alone did not. The site of major obstruction was in the proximal conduit in five (38%), at the valve in nine (69%), and in the distal conduit or side branches in six (46%); stated differently, major stenosis affected the valve alone in five (38%), the graft alone in four (31%), and both the valve and the graft in four (31%). Valvular changes leading to stenosis included thrombosis, commissural fusion, and calcification, and changes consistent with insufficiency included tears, fusion of cusps to the conduit wall, and, in one case, infective endocarditis. Within the conduit, nonvalvular obstruction was due to formation of a thick fibrous peel (or neointima). Progressive thickening of the peel appeared to be due to organization of thrombus between the peel and conduit and not due to luminal mural thrombus. In one case, the peel formed a flap-valve, causing even further obstruction. Since many patients are asymptomatic, and since late conduit stenosis may develop unpredictably by several mechanisms, long-term follow-up is necessary. PMID- 7206769 TI - The Bjork-Shiley valve: intermediate-term follow-up. AB - We evaluated 643 patients surviving aortic, mitral, and aortic and mitral ("double") valve replacement with the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis from 1 to 72 months (median 38 months) postoperatively. Intermediate-term survival rate was similar to that reported for other prosthetic and bioprosthetic devices. Factors unrelated to the device, but related to preoperative patient characteristics or intraoperative or early postoperative events, had important association with late survival rate. These included previous valve replacement, concomitant ventricular aneurysm resection, black race, preoperative functional class, method of myocardial protection, duration of ischemic arrest, ventricular arrhythmias, and double valve replacement. Concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting and the type of valve lesion had no effect on survival prognosis. Freedom from thromboembolism was equal to or superior to other devices, but valve thrombosis occurred 16 times in 15 patients and caused 13 deaths. Improvement in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class occurred in the majority of patients. We conclude that the Bjork-Shiley valve is durable and effective, but, as with other devices, is associated with problems of thromboembolism and thrombosis. Intermediate-term survival is related also to non-device, patient-associated characteristics. PMID- 7206770 TI - Hemodynamic evaluation of the St. Jude Medical valve prosthesis in the small aortic anulus. AB - The hemodynamic function of the 19 mm and 21 mm St. Jude Medical valve prostheses in the aortic position was evaluated in seven patients who had valve replacement for either severe aortic stenosis or regurgitation an average of 4 months after operation. Cardiac output and simultaneous transvalvular gradient were recorded at rest and during moderate supine arm exercise. The average peak systolic gradient was 14 mm Hg (range 0 to 25 mm Hg) at rest and 32 mm Hg (range 23 to 56 mm Hg) with exercise. The average mean systolic gradient was 20 mm Hg (range 10 to 28 mm Hg) at rest and 38 mm Hg (range 30 to 48 mm Hg) with exercise. The mean effective orifice area was 1.2 cm2 (range 0.9 to 1.4 cm2) at rest and 1.1 cm2 (range of 0.9 to 1.3 cm2) with exercise. Mean cardiac output at rest was 4.4 L/min, and, with exercise, 7.4 L/min. Of the five valves evaluated with root aortography, four demonstrated trivial and one mild aortic insufficiency. We conclude that the St. Jude Medical valve prostheses in the aortic position has favorable hemodynamic function which is particularly evident in the 19 mm and 21 mm sizes when compared with other currently available aortic valve prostheses. PMID- 7206771 TI - Calcification of glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine xenografts in young patients. AB - In a series of 568 patients with glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine xenografts followed for up to 3 1/2 years, calcification and stenosis of the xenograft has proved to be an important cause of valve failure. We have seen this complication only in children and adolescents. Seven of 54 patients under 16 years of age at the time of initial operation have required reoperation for calcification and prosthetic stenosis. Three patients who died had calcified, stenosed prosthesis at autopsy. The calcification has involved all of the cusps of the affected prostheses, and the calcified area often was enclosed by a superficial layer of noncalcified cuspidal tissue. We no longer insert xenograft valves in young patients. PMID- 7206772 TI - Embolic complications of porcine heterograft cardiac valves. AB - From January, 1975, until August, 1978, 509 porcine valves were implanted in 465 patients. Patient follow-up was done at 6 to 45 months (mean 20.2 months), for a total observation of 713 patient-years. There were six early embolic events (mitral four, aortic two). Four of these six patients were in atrial fibrillation and none was receiving anticoagulants at the time of the embolism. There were 18 late emboli. Four occurred in patients with aortic prostheses and produced mild, transient symptoms only. Fourteen occurred in patients with mitral or multiple prostheses. These resulted in death in five patients and permanent sequelae in three. The rate of embolic events was 1.32/100 patient-years for aortic prostheses, 3.27/100 patient-years for mitral prostheses, and 4.91/100 patient years for multiple prostheses. Thirteen of the 14 patients with emboli were in atrial fibrillation and only three were receiving anticoagulants. Anticoagulation is vital in patients with mitral prostheses who remain in atrial fibrillation, but it appears unnecessary in patients with aortic prostheses and those with mitral or multiple prostheses who remain in sinus rhythm. PMID- 7206773 TI - Dipyridamole-aspirin as thromboembolic prophylaxis in patients with aortic valve prosthesis. Prospective study with the Model 2320 Starr-Edwards prosthesis. AB - In a prospective study, the efficacy of a dipyridamole-aspirin regimen in prevention of thromboembolism was evaluated in 50 patients having isolated aortic valve replacement with the Model 2320 Starr-Edwards prosthesis. These operations were performed between February, 1972, and October, 1974. In 1,380 patient-months of follow-up, there was a 20% incidence of thromboembolism with a rate of 8.7/100 patient-years and a 19% probability of an embolic episode occurring by 3 years. Seven patients had transient episodes, two had permanent neurologic residua, and one patient died. Comparison is made to a similar group of patients having solitary aortic valve replacement but receiving no medication, studied by Starr and associates. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of thromboembolism between the two groups. In November, 1975, all patients were converted to a regimen of warfarin therapy. Since conversion to anticoagulation, there have been two thromboembolic episodes in 2,132 patient-months of follow-up for a rate of 1.1/100 patient-years. We conclude that the use of antiplatelet therapy in the form of dipyridamole-aspirin is inadequate for routine thromboembolic prophylaxis following SE 2320 aortic valve replacement. PMID- 7206774 TI - Single ventricle with aortic outflow obstruction: operative repair by creation of double outlet to the aorta and application of the Fontan principle. AB - A new operation is described which allows the Fontan procedure to be used in patients having single ventricle accompanied by aortic outflow obstruction. Connection of the proximal pulmonary artery and valve to the aorta via a tubular prosthesis provides a second outlet of the ventricle to the aorta in order to effectively bypass subaortic obstruction. Anastomosis of a distal pulmonary artery to the right atrium and closure of the atrial septum by patch (Fontan procedure) complete the establishment of unrestricted pulmonary and systemic circulations in series. PMID- 7206775 TI - Specific inhibition of haemopoietic stem cell proliferation: characteristics of the inhibitor producing cells. PMID- 7206776 TI - A chronic lymphoproliferative disorder with distinctive features: a distinct variant of hairy-cell leukaemia. PMID- 7206777 TI - Cholesterol content and fluidity of normal human and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes in relation to serum cholesterol level. PMID- 7206778 TI - Chromosomes and prognosis in preleukaemia: four cases of 5q-- with other karyotypic abnormality. PMID- 7206779 TI - In vitro hormonal responsiveness of human blood and bone marrow cells in non lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7206780 TI - Redistribution of concanavalin A receptors on peripheral blood lymphocytes of myeloma patients. PMID- 7206781 TI - An almost completely shielded microelectrode. AB - We present a new method of shielding microelectrodes to within 20 micron of the tip. Stray capacity is reduced to less than 50 fF. Ordinary microelectrodes are covered with silver in a vacuum evaporator. Silver is removed from the tip by contact with a ball of mercury. The microelectrode is then insulated with a glass barrel which is sealed by dipping the tip in diluted polystyrene in amyl acetate, or by dipping the electrode in melted wax. The latter method is quick, easy and reliable. PMID- 7206782 TI - Accurate three-dimensional reconstruction of neuronal distributions in brain: reconstruction of the rat nucleus locus coeruleus. AB - A technique is described which permits construction of accurate, quantified 3 dimensional maps of the distribution of neuronal cell groups in brain. The cartesian coordinates of landmarks and individual neurons are obtained from serial histological sections utilizing a computer-linked digitizing microscope. The digitized images of these sections are displayed on a computer graphics picture system where they are aligned so that spatial relationships within the nucleus are essentially identical to those of the intact brain. This is accomplished using information about landmarks obtained from photomicrotomy. As a consequence of the alignment procedure, each neuron is assigned a 3-dimensional coordinate representing its position in the reconstituted nucleus, and the reconstruction is oriented in a stereotaxic coordinate system. Nuclei from different brains can then be registered to one another, assigned coordinates relative to this standard coordinate space, and be compared statistically. Differences between nuclei in the spatial distribution of neurons in toto, or in the distribution of anatomically or physiologically defined subpopulations of neurons, can then be visualized with greater accuracy and in more detail than that permitted by traditional techniques. In addition, such comparisons can easily be quantified and statistically evaluated using, for example, analysis-of variance techniques. For illustrative purposes, the technique is applied to the rat nucleus locus coeruleus as reconstructed from serial Nissl-stained sections. PMID- 7206783 TI - Mechanical stimulation and micromanipulation with piezoelectric bimorph elements. AB - Piezoelectric bimorph elements are versatile and inexpensive electromechanical transducers which may be used to construct fast mechanical stimulators and finely controlled micromanipulators. The mechanical stimulators described provide continuously graded displacements ranging from nanometers to about a millimeter, or forces equivalent to 0-7 g. Appropriately designed units can produce small step displacements complete within 100 microseconds. Micromanipulators are described which generate 3-dimensional motion under remote electrical control and which enable positioning within a few tenths of a micrometer. They are sufficiently stable to hold glass microelectrodes for cell penetration or probes for microdissection. The two significant drawbacks of bimorph elements are mechanical resonance and continued movement following displacement, or 'creep", but methods have been developed to compensate for these. A number of methods are available to measure motion of bimorphs with spatial resolution of 10 nm and temporal resolution of 2 microseconds in favorable situations. PMID- 7206784 TI - The use of ultra-violet setting glue for microelectrode fabrication. PMID- 7206785 TI - Cannulation of the cervical thoracic duct in the rat. AB - A method is described for cannulation of the cervical part of the thoracic duct in the rat. The volume or lymph flowing from the cervical cannula is approximately 80% higher and its protein concentration by about 18% lower than that of the lymph collected from a cannula introduced into the abdominal part of the thoracic duct. PMID- 7206786 TI - Immunologic characteristics of human peripheral lymph cell populations. AB - Cell populations in afferent lymph of human leg were defined by surface characteristics and cytotoxic activity in 7 normal men and 9 patients with localized cancer. A higher percentage of E-rosette forming cells was found in lymph (78.5 and 83.0) than in blood (60.0 and 63.0 p less than 0.05). The percentages of lymph EA-RFC were 10.3 and 18.0, of EAC-RFC 13.1 and 8.0, of surface immunoglobulin carrying cells 3.0 and 3.1. In blood 20.6 and 18.0 percent of cells formed EA-rosettes, 23.0 and 15.6 EAC-rosettes, 5 and 9.5 contained surface immunoglobulins. The differences between lymph and blood EA- and EAC-RFC in normals were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). In cancer patients only lymph-blood differences for S Ig+ were significant (p less than 0.05). No significant differences were found between normals and cancer patients. In both groups, the natural cytotoxicity against K 562 cells was 6 times lower in lymph as compared to blood (p less than 0.05), the cytotoxicity in those with cancer was higher than in normals (p less than 0.05). The study indicates that B cells have a limited tendency toward leaving the blood circulation and migrating through tissues. Moreover natural killer cells do not seem to belong to the recirculating pool of lymphocytes. PMID- 7206787 TI - The role of humoral factors in the mechanisms of graft-versus-host induced host cell proliferation and lymph node hyperplasia in the rat. AB - The effect of humoral factors released during systemic graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions on cell proliferation and lymph node enlargement was investigated as follows: 1) Thoracic duct lymphocytes of host origin were cultured in diffusion chambers in the peritoneal cavity of rats undergoing a systemic GVH reaction. On day 7 of the response chamber cell proliferation (as judged by 3H thymidine incorporation) was increased two to four fold over that seen in normal hosts. 2) Serum from (H0 x DA) F1 hybrid rats being repeatedly injected with parental (HO) cells contained a factor that, when preincubated with such parental cells in vitro, was able to augment their ability to produce lymph node enlargement in a local GVH reaction. These results suggest that the host cell proliferation and lymphoid hyperplasia observed during GVH reactions might be the results of long range humoral mechanisms acting alone or in addition to the direct interaction between donor and host cells. PMID- 7206788 TI - Diabetic lymphangiopathy. An optical and electron microscopic study. AB - The lymphatic capillaries in the tegument of the dorsal side of the leg in patients with diabetes mellitus, and especially in those with clinically manifested macroangiopathy, present morphopathological modifications at the level of the endothelium and the basal membrane. Ultrastructurally, the modifications appear as dilatations of the intercellular space, dislocation or desquamation of the endothelium, an exaggerated growth of the micropinocytic vesicles, the appearance of the intracellular vacuoles and of the lysosomes. These modifications point to an increase in the endothelium permeability, which is an important phenomenon in the diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 7206789 TI - Recognizable patterns of human deformation. Identification and management of mechanical effects on morphogenesis. PMID- 7206790 TI - The outcome of patients with pleural effusion of indeterminate cause at thoracotomy. AB - In 51 patients, the cause for pleural effusion remained indeterminate immediately after thoracotomy. Thirty-one (60.8%) had no recurrence of the effusion, and no cause became apparent during a follow-up period of from 1 1/2 to 15 years. Two patients (3.9%) died relatively soon after thoracotomy, but death was not clearly related to the pleural effusion. In 18 patients (35.3%), the cause of the effusion became apparent from 12 days to 6 years after thoracotomy. In 13 of these 18 patients, malignancy (6 patients with lymphoma, 4 with malignant pleural mesothelioma, and 3 with other malignancy) was ultimately diagnosed. In 3 of the 18 patients, the ultimate diagnosis was a collagen-vascular disease, and 1 patient each had the yellow-nail syndrome and mitral stenosis. PMID- 7206791 TI - Serum levels of creatine phosphokinase and its isoenzymes in normal and stressed neonates. AB - Twenty-six normal newborns (13 male, 13 female) with normal prenatal histories, no perinatal stress, and normal vaginal deliveries had creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and isoenzyme activities assayed in cord blood and in 24-hour postpartum serum. Total CPK activity was high in cord blood when compared with adult control values. Moreover, the total CPK was significantly higher in serum at 24 hours of age compared with cord blood. There was a significant increase in both the skeletal muscle isoenzyme and the cardiac muscle isoenzyme from birth to 24 hours of age. There was a decrease in the brain isoenzyme at 24 hours of age which was not statistically significant. These results were compared with values obtained in a group of 10 neonates with severe cardiac problems. Three of the ill neonates had significant elevation of total serum CPK and the skeletal muscle isoenzyme when compared with the normal newborns. There were no significant differences between the normal infants and the ill neonates for the cardiac isoenzyme and the brain isoenzyme. These data suggest that caution should be used in the diagnosis of certain neonatal cardiac syndromes based on serum CPK levels and isoenzyme alone. PMID- 7206792 TI - The unpredictable progression of symptomatic coronary artery disease: a serial clinical-angiographic analysis. AB - To determine whether risk factors or angiographic features could be correlated with progression of coronary artery disease, we independently analyzed serial coronary angiograms in 65 symptomatic patients for progression without knowledge of their respective risk factors. An important design feature of this study was that observer variability of coronary lesion assessment was objectively evaluated and taken into account in defining progression of coronary artery disease. The reproducibility of lesion assessment varied with the severity of stenosis: moderate stenoses had the greatest intraobserver and interobserver variability. At initial study, 337 partial and 68 complete occlusions were identified. Of the 337 partial occlusions at risk of progression, 73 (22%) progressed; 13 (3.2%) of the initial lesions regressed. In the 65 patients with persistent or increasing angina, progression occurred in 51 (78%) over a mean period of 24 months. Apart from the tendency of high-grade stenosis( greater than or equal to 98%) to progress to complete occlusion, no measured clinical, laboratory, or angiographic variable showed any significant effect on progression to coronary artery disease, in this selected group of symptomatic patients these same risk factors did not predict its progression. We believe that (1) and definition of progression should incorporate the factor of observer variability and (2) therapeutic measures designed to influence progression of coronary artery disease should take into account this apparently unpredictable progression. PMID- 7206793 TI - Cowden's disease (multiple hamartoma syndrome). AB - Cutaneous and oral lesions appearing as verrucous papules are a regular and diagnostic finding in Cowden's disease. The lesion occur predominantly over the central portion of the face, concentrated around orifices, lips, gingiva, and tongue, and over the acral portions of the upper extremities. These skin lesions have been found to be associated with fibrocystic breast disease, carcinoma of the breast, thyroid tumors, ovarian cysts, gastrointestinal polyposis, fibromas, angiomas, and lipomas. It is important to be able to distinguish the skin lesions from simple verruca vulgaris because they serve as a cutaneous marker for existing or potential internal malignancy, especially of the breast and thyroid. PMID- 7206795 TI - Pleural effusions. PMID- 7206794 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of intracardiac myxoma. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to study the surface morphology of intracardiac myxomas and to compare it with that of an atrial thrombus. The thrombus was only partially endothelialized, whereas myxomas were almost always completely covered by endothelial cells. Endothelium-lined crevices and clefts were a striking feature of the myxoma, and they were not seen in the atrial thrombus. In areas where the surface endothelium was denuded, fibrin and platelet aggregates were noted in both the myxoma and the thrombus. PMID- 7206796 TI - The impaired physician. PMID- 7206797 TI - The library page. Inflation strikes! PMID- 7206798 TI - Radiological case of the month. Giant aneurysm. PMID- 7206799 TI - Elevated alkaline phosphatase: an interesting cause. PMID- 7206800 TI - A look at Baltimore health. PMID- 7206801 TI - Patient motivation. PMID- 7206802 TI - Kenneth Solomon, MD--A profile/interview. Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 7206803 TI - Mechanisms of development and aging. AB - The view is expressed that an inappropriate emphasis and research is currently directed towards simplistic approaches to the problem of aging; it is concluded that an understanding of the biochemical mechanisms underlying the aging process must be sought using a SYSTEMS analysis, at a level of complexity and integration much greater than that encompassed by any theory thus far considered. PMID- 7206804 TI - Compensatory loss of axosomatic synapses in the dentate gyrus of the senescent rat. AB - A portentous reorganization of the dentate gyrus occurs characteristically in senescent rats. This reorganization includes atrophy of dendrites, hypertrophy of astrocytes and a 27% loss of axodendritic synapses in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. A coincident loss of axosomatic synapses is now reported. These synapses on granule cell somata were counted in electron micrographs of representative coronal sections through the dentate gyri of five 3-month-old and five 25-month-old Fischer-344 male rats. A 15% decrease in the number of axosomatic synapses per 100 micron length of granule cell plasma membrane and a 22% decrease in the amount of neuronal surface covered by synapses were found in the senescent, as compared with the young adult, animals. These differences were statistically significant. As synapses on granule cell somata are inhibitory terminals of GABAergic interneurons it is suggested that their loss in senescence may be compensatory for the loss of axodendritic synapses, which are excitatory. By means of a compensatory loss of synapses it may be possible for the aging animal to maintain a reasonably adaptive level of function in spite of ongoing changes in the level of granule cell excitation resulting from the reorganization of the dentate gyrus in senescence. PMID- 7206805 TI - Negative adaptation to physical training in senile mice. AB - Three age groups (6, 22 and 27 months) of CWI mice (female, outbred strain) were subjected to a physical training program for up to 5 weeks. During the training period the body weight remained constant in all groups. Hind leg muscle mass increased in response to the exercise in 6 and 22 month old mice but decreased in the senescent (27 months) animals. Physical exercise also increased the key enzyme creatine kinase in the 6 months group and to a lesser degree in the 22 months group. By contrast, senile animals showed a progressive loss of the enzyme throughout the training period. Similar changes - though less-pronounced - were seen with regard to soluble protein and to total DNA. The data indicate that old animals (22 months) are still able to adapt adequately to physical training while senile mice (27 months) respond paradoxically by a negative adaptation to a physical challenge. PMID- 7206807 TI - Antigen handling in relation to ageing. AB - The distribution of a soluble antigen, 3H-BSA was studied in tissues (blood, liver, spleen, kidneys, lymph nodes, thymus and lungs) after intravenous injection into cohorts of the Fischer-344 rat colony of the National Institute on Aging that is maintained at Charles River Breeding Laboratories. The ten groups for which results are reported were maintained during the experimental procedures as the cohorts received from the "colony". Both the primary and secondary antigen injection were administered as 1 mg of protein per 50 g body weight. All the highly vascularized tissues of those studied showed the same relative distribution of antigen with age as the blood; i.e. a lower percentage of the injection at both extremes of the age span studied, 2 and 24 months of age. These age-related differences are more pronounced with primary than secondary immunization. Because of the higher level of antigen in the liver than blood, it is concluded that a specific localization of antigen occurs in the liver. Products of in vivo metabolism of 3H-BSA are isolated as liver nucleopeptides and are also co-isolated with liver polysomes. These particular forms of metabolized antigen have been shown to be immunogenic in other studies. The co-isolated polysome antigen in the present findings is reduced quantitatively in the older rats (for example, in 24 months compared to 12 month). The study of the changes in antigen parceling at the cellular and subcellular level, which occurs with ageing, is likely to provide insight into antigen induction. PMID- 7206806 TI - Age-dependent changes in rat liver steroid hormone receptor proteins. AB - The formation of the steroid hormone-receptor protein complex in rat liver cytosol was investigated as a function of rat age. As reported earlier there was no age-related change in the concentration of receptor proteins in rat liver cytosol. The affinity of the specific receptor protein for both dexamethasone and corticosterone, however, decreased with age. An age-related decrease was observed in the concentration of steroid hormones that were associated with the specific receptor protein responsible for translocation of the nucleus. A reciprocal age dependent increase in non-specific protein binding of the hormone occurred. PMID- 7206808 TI - Effect of local anesthetics on cellular respiration and thymidine transport in hepatocytes from young and old rats. AB - The effect of local anesthetics (procaine, nicotinoyl-procaine, tetracaine, and dibucaine) on thymidine uptake and cellular respiration was investigated in hepatocytes from 3- and 24-month-old rats. All local anesthetics inhibited the "high-affinity" as well as the "low-affinity" thymidine transport system in a non competitive manner immediately upon addition. Nicotinoyl-procaine, tetracaine, and dibucaine showed a similar inhibition profile with an inhibition of 10--15% at 50 mumol/l, or of more than 60% at 1 mmol/l. The less-lipophilic procaine showed a distinctly lower inhibition (10% at 1 mmol/l). The inhibitory effect was reversible and not dependent on Ca2+. All local anesthetics exerted identical effects in hepatocytes from young and old rats. Nicotinoyl-procaine and tetracaine inhibited cellular respiration in young and old rats up to a maximum of 50%. Procaine did not reduce O2 consumption below 1 mmol/l. This inhibition appeared also immediately upon addition, was not reversible, and not dependent on Ca2+. It is concluded that local anesthetics impair quite different biological processes like thymidine transport and cellular respiration in hepatocytes from young and old animals even at concentrations below 100 mumol/l. The magnitude of inhibition was correlated to the lipid solubility of the local anesthetics. The mechanism seemed to be different to the anesthetic action and it is supposed that it is a direct hydrophobic interaction with membrane proteins. Thus the local anesthetic-induced increase in membrane fluidity could not improve the age dependent impairment of thymidine transport. The reduction of respiration is considered to be due to reduced O2 diffusion. This inhibition is in striking contrast to previously observed stimulatory effects which in part lead to the use of local anesthetics in geriatrics. PMID- 7206809 TI - Surface charge and flow properties of endothelial membranes in aging rats. AB - The morphological features, surface charge and fluid properties of the membranes of aortic endothelial cells of young and old Wistar rats were studied by electron microscopy. Remarkable structural changes in the endothelial cells and subendothelial layer were observed in the aorta of old rats, due to accumulation of fibrillar and granular substances and cellular debris. Analysis of the possible age-related alterations in the permeability properties of the aortic endothelium indicated that positively charged macromolecules such as cationized ferritin are more rapidly transported through the endothelium of old rat aorta, as compared to young rats, thereby leading to their accumulation in the aortic intima of the old animal. Cytochemical analyses of the charge properties of endothelial cell membranes revealed that despite the general similarity in the anionic site density and distribution, endothelial cells from old rat aorta are characterized by a significant decrease in the density of cell-surface sialic acids. The ability of anionic sites in the luminal front of the endothelial cells to redistribute reversibly by lateral migration under the influence of multivalent ligands was shown to be an important factor in the mechanism of internalization and transport of cationized ferritin through the endothelial barrier. It was therefore suggested that the local changes in the surface charge properties due to an interaction with positively charged substances, may account for the accumulation of plasma components in the blood vessel intima of the old animals. PMID- 7206811 TI - Age-related morphological changes in lymphocytes as a model of aging. AB - The same age-related morphological changes have been observed in the lymph node and spleen lymphocytes of old untreated Wistar rats and CBA/Ca mice. The same age related changes were also observed in the peripheral lymphocytes of healthy humans. The most important changes were seen in the mitochondria of the lymphoid cells. They were sometimes swollen; the mitochondrial cristae disappeared and were replaced by myelin-like forms or filamentous structures. The mitochondrial changes developed only in non-labelled lymphoid cells, presumably the T cells. It is suggested that lymphocytes be used as a morphological model for the study of aging and its modification. PMID- 7206810 TI - Randomness, redundancy and repair: roles and relevance to biological aging. AB - In this paper, some of the key findings of the last decade will briefly be surveyed and, where possible, be related to two separate computer simulation models which have been designed to determine the validity of certain widely accepted dogmas and to define the limits and restrictions imposed by attrition of or ambiguity of information retrieval from information storage systems. It is known: (1) that the idealized rectangular survival curve in an "ideal" environment is an extrapolation that is inconsistent with reasonable primary assumptions; (2) that loss of redundant copies of functional "housekeeping" genes may well be a dominant contributor to human senescence; and (3) that redundancy, particularly of informational storage, not only confers greater stability on an organism in dealing with stochastic or programmed age changes, but that it also provides a means through which a more optimized use of informational storage space may be attained. PMID- 7206812 TI - Inhibition of in vitro immune response by factor(s) prepared from lymphoid cells of old animals. AB - It has been shown previously that cells from long-term calf lymphoid cell cultures (8--9 months) contain factors able to inhibit in vitro immune response. We report here that extracts prepared from lymph node cells freshly removed from old cows also contain similar factors inhibiting primary and secondary in vitro responses of mouse spleen cells against sheep red blood cells. These extracts do not affect cell viability nor stimulation with B or T mitogen (LPS or Con A). They do not affect production of antibodies by previously differentiated cells such as plasmocytomes or hybridomes. The active factor(s) appear(s) to behave as protein(s) of molecular weight about 10 000. Our results suggest that analogous "ageing" events occur either in long-term cultures of lymphocytes or in lymphoid cells of senescent animals. These phenomena would involve production or activation of specific factor(s) capable of inhibiting antibody synthesis by intervening at the level of differentiation of lymphocytes stimulated either by T dependent or T-independent antigens. PMID- 7206813 TI - Stereological changes in the capillary network and nerve cells of the aging human brain. AB - Stereologic parameters of the capillaries and nerve cells of the brain cortex and putamen were investigated. Thirty-eight brains from subjects aged between 19 and 94 years were examined. All cases were free of metabolic, neurologic and psychiatric diseases. It is demonstrated that the capillary diameter remains unchanged during aging in both brain cortex and putamen. However, in the putamen the total capillary length per unit volume and the capillary volume fractions increase (approximately 60%) progressively with age. Consequently the mean inter capillary distances in the putamen decrease (approximately 15%). These age induced changes in the putamen indicate shrinking of subcortical brain structures. In contrast to those of the putamen, the morphometric data of the capillaries in the cortex remain unchanged during the aging process. Stereologic investigations of nerve cells in the brain cortex and putamen revealed that only in brains over 85 years of age can a significant decrease in nerve cell size be demonstrated. A correlation of all the data by a correspondence analytical procedure showed that only the surface/volume ratio of the capillaries correlates with the nerve cell size. This observation suggests a functional interaction between the nerve cells and the capillaries. From the data presented it becomes apparent that the shrinkage of the gyri in the aging brain is not a change in the volume of the cortex, but a decrease in the volume of subcortical structures. PMID- 7206814 TI - On the role of cross-linking of cellular proteins in aging. AB - Water-insoluble protein fractions increase in the brain cortical tissue and liver of rats during aging in both sexes. This suggests a possible increase in the cross-linking of proteins which may be due to the formation of, for example, hydroxyl free radicals during several metabolic processes. In vivo application of centrophenoxine causes a reversal of this phenomenon in old rats. In vitro experiments show that the generation of hydroxyl free radicals by chemical systems like homolysis of H2O2 by redox coupling with Fe2+ leads to Fe3+ conversion, results in the cross-linking of bovine serum albumin and the mixed proteins of liver or brain homogenates of young rats. The cross-linked proteins have a very much increased molecular weight, they become mostly insoluble even in 6 M urea. Dimethylaminoethanol, the effective part of the centrophenoxine molecules, is able to diminish the extent of cross-linking, acting most probably as a free-radical scavenger. The results are discussed in terms of the "membrane hypothesis of aging". A molecular basis is proposed for the anti-aging effect of centrophenoxine. PMID- 7206815 TI - Age-dependent gene induction in quail oviduct X. Alterations on the post transcriptional level (enzymic aspect). AB - In quail oviducts the rate of synthesis of avidin, the biological end-point marker for the molecular events caused by progesterone, decreases with age. The cause of the reduced capacity of avidin induction has been studied on the molecular biological level polyadenylation of RNA which is one step in the process of post-transcriptional modification of heterogeneous nuclear RNA resulting in the formation of functional mRNA molecules. This novel approach was biochemically possible after the discovery of the poly(A) anabolic enzyme (poly(A) polymerase) and the two poly(A) catabolic enzymes (endoribonuclease IV and 5'-exoribonuclease). These enzymes are involved in the synthesis and degradation of the poly(A) segment of mRNA in vitro and most likely also in poly(A) metabolism in intact cell systems. Enzymatically controlled poly(A) metabolism of mRNA is regulated by the following interrelations: poly(A) associated proteins and endoribonuclease IV; labilizing factor and poly(A) associated proteins; 5'-exoribonuclease in cooperation with endoribonuclease IV and poly(A) polymerase. A close correlation between high levels of poly(A) catabolic enzymes and low rate of protein synthesis which was established in cell culture systems, seems also to be partially the biochemical cause for the reduced avidin synthesis in aging quail oviduct. PMID- 7206817 TI - Spontaneous structural changes in DNA during fibroblast aging and the establishment process in vitro. AB - The molecular weight of single-stranded DNA isolated from human fibroblasts decreased in phase III by comparison with phase II. Mouse fibroblast DNA isolated during the growth crisis had a decreased molecular weight compared to the initial DNA. Established mouse cells recovered this high molecular weight DNA. Cells treated with caffeine during the growth crisis did not survive while established cells were resistant to the same conditions of caffeine treatment. A DNA repair process may play a role in establishing a permanent cell line. PMID- 7206816 TI - Age-dependent gene induction in quail oviduct. XI. Alterations on the post transcriptional level (analytical aspect). AB - For the elucidation of the age-dependent reduction of avidin synthesis in the oviduct of quails studies on on the level of post-transcriptional modification of mRNA were performed. Incorporation of [3H] adenosine into mRNA is drastically reduced in senescent animals compared to adult animals. Double labeling of mRNA with [3H]-adenosine and [3H] uridine revealed that in the presence of actinomycin D the incorporation ratio adenosine/uridine into mRNA increases to higher values in the case of adult animals compared with the ratio determined for mRNA from senescent animals. These data support the assumption that in senescent animals the length of the poly(A) sequence on mRNA might be shorter. Because of the low efficiency of label incorporation into poly(A) in whole animals, a method for directly introducing a radioactive label in vitro into the isolated poly(A) was developed for the estimation of the length of the poly(A) segments. A randomly labeled product with no apparent degradation is achieved by methylation of poly(A) with [3H] dimethyl sulphate. Therefore the method is a powerful tool for the detection and size determination of small amounts of poly(A). Size determination of poly(A) from oviducts of adult and senescent quails by the methylation method revealed that in the case of senescent animals an increase in shorter poly(A) tracts can be detected. These results support the assumption that the age-dependent reduction of avidin synthesis is also caused by changes in the control mechanisms on the post-transcriptional level. PMID- 7206818 TI - Effect of short- or long-term treatment with exogenous glycosaminoglycans on growth and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of human fibroblasts (WI-38) in culture. AB - Short-term (several days) or long-term (several weeks and months) treatment of cultured human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38; phase II) with heparin at 20--500 micrograms/ml inhibited cell proliferation and stimulated glycosaminoglycan synthesis (as measured by the incorporation rates of [35S] sulfate and [14C] glucosamine into cellular and medium glycosaminoglycans). Characterization of the individual glycosaminoglycan types revealed an increased portion of incorporated radioactivity in the heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid fractions of heparin treated cells. Treatment with chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, dermatan sulfate of hyaluronic acid at concentrations up to 500 micrograms/ml exhibited no or slightly inhibitory (especially in the case of hyaluronic acid) effects on growth and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. The average cellular protein and RNA content of short- or long-term heparin (100 micrograms/ml)-treated cells was elevated by about 70--80%. "Senescent" (phase III) WI-38 cells exhibited a relative increase of [35S] sulfate and [14C] glucosamine incorporation into cell bound and medium heparan sulfate. Possible mechanisms for the action of heparin (for example, interaction with specific cell-surface sites) and a potential role of heparan sulfate in the regulation of cell growth are discussed. PMID- 7206819 TI - Influence of maturation and aging on mechanical and biochemical properties of connective tissue in rats. AB - The influence of maturation and age on the physical and chemical properties of various organs of connective tissue has been studied in rats at ages of 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 4 monhs, 1 year and 2 years. The changes between young (4 weeks old) and adult (4 months to 1 year old) animals were considered as the effects of maturation, whereas the changes between adult and senescent (2 years old) rats were regarded as the effects of aging. Ultimate values, such as ultimate load, tensile strength and breaking strength, or ultimate modulus of elasticity, showed a sharp rise during maturation and a smaller but significant decrease during aging in all organs, such as skin strips, tail tendons, shaft bones, epiphyseal cartilage and aorta rings. Ultimate strain showed a similar pattern, but the maximum occurred earlier. These changes were parallel with the content of insoluble collagen. Other chemical parameters such as soluble collagen or glycosaminoglycans, showed a continuous decrease during the life span, whereas elastin rose continuously. More detailed analysis of mechanical properties in rat skin gave insight into the viscoelastic behaviour of skin. In creep experiments time until break under constant load rose continuously during the life span, whereas ultimate extension rate showed a sharp fall during maturation and a slow decrease during senescence. Stress at low extension degree and moduli of elasticity at low extension degree were decreased by maturation and increased by senescence, exactly the opposite of the changes at high extension degrees. The so called step phenomenon was increased due to maturation and decreased due to aging. Relaxation and mechanical recovery were changed in the same direction by maturation and aging. Relative viscoelastic parameters, such as the hysteresis phenomenon and relative decrease of stress under cyclic strain, were barely influenced by the aging process. Changes of most of the mechanical parameters at high extension degrees during maturation may be explained by an increase of cross linking of collagen. Other phenomena such as changes at low extension degrees or parameters of plasticity cannot be explained on this basis. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the true aging process in connective tissue. PMID- 7206820 TI - The action of vitamin E on the ageing of connective tissues in the mouse. AB - In an attempt to determine the relevance of the free radical theory of ageing to age changes discernible in connective tissue parameters, a small colony of C3H/He and LAF1 mice was set up, with sample culled at intervals throughout the lifespan to provide experimental samples. To half of the stock a dietary supplement of vitamin E, a naturally occurring antioxidant, was given at a level of 2500 mg/kg of diet. Tests were carried out on culled samples to provide data on the total collagen levels of bone and skin, on thermal shrinkage temperature and maximal degree of shrinkage of tendon fibres, and on the recovery of skin from stress. Vitamin E was found to have no effect on any of the parameters measured on C3H/He mice but to exert an influence on the parameters of LAF1 mice around the age of 10 months. This influence, however, is not regarded as being relevant to the ageing of the tissues and thus no evidence can be derived for a free-radical mechanism playing a role in the ageing of connective tissues. PMID- 7206822 TI - Genetic and environmental influences on lifespan and diseases in Han:Wistar rats. AB - In a longevity study with SPF rats of the Han:Wistar outbred stock, 320 virgin males and 320 virgin females of marked littermates were maintained in a barrier type animal house under highly standardized conditions from weaning until their natural end of life. Diseased and dead animals were sectioned and examined using histological, bacteriological and virological methods. The mortality of the rats is low up to the 18th month of life. Thereafter the mortality graph inclines steadily. The course of the graph is determined by very few diseases only, such as pituitary adenomas in both sexes, adenocarcinomas of the uterine glands in the females, and in the third and fourth year nephropathies in the males. Because of the high number of adenocarcinomas of the uterine glands the median life expectancy is between 30 and 33 months for the females, somewhat lower than between the 33rd and the 36th months for the males. The disease spectrum consists generally of tumor lesions, but out of the large tumor spectrum only single alterations exceed the 5% border. As shown by analysis of variance and estimation of the heritability coefficients (h2), mortality and the most important tumorous lesions underlie high genetic effects. The cage environments are found to have no influence upon mortality and diseases. Under the given standardized environmental conditions, the present results can be looked upon--because of the strong genetic effects on mortality and diseases - to be representative for correspondingly selected populations of future generations of the Han:Wistar stock. PMID- 7206821 TI - Investigations of metabolic parameters in male and female rats during the course of life. PMID- 7206823 TI - Models of the biological age of the rat. I. A factor model of age parameters. AB - The hypothesis of biological age postulates a fixed pattern in the aging of the multicellular organism. As a test of this hypothesis 23 age parameters of the rat were submitted to factor analysis. The data used in this study were a result of a long-term cohort study on 240 male Sprague-Dawley rats, which covered an age range of 10-30 months. The age parameters were obtained from various systems and levels of organization. The analysis revealed that there is a fixed pattern in the variations of the parameters. In this factor pattern the parameters are grouped into six factors, five of which can be attributed to the aging process. The first factor is interpreted as representing primary aging, factors 2-5 are interpreted as an expression of system-specific secondary processes of multicellular aging. Approximately 40% of the total variation of all parameters turned out to be random or due to processes other than aging. PMID- 7206824 TI - Models of the biological age of the rat. II. Multiple regression models in the study on influencing aging. AB - The study of influences on multicellular aging requires mathematical models of biological age (BA) as a standard against which deviations from "normal aging" can be measured. A long-term cohort study with initially 1100 male Sprague-Dawley rats served to establish multiple regression models of BA and to test the effects of fast days, physical training, a combination of fast days plus physical training, and the long-term action of subcutaneously applied lyophilized heterologous fetal testis material. All influences started after the attainment of maturity. The models were calculated on the basis of an exponential decrease in vitality during senescence. Twenty-three parameters from a total number of 42 were selected for a general model. By means of a factor analysis, the general model was subdivided into five factor models of BA to distinguish between primary and various types of secondary aging changes. All experimental conditions showed clearly detectable but not dramatic effects on the general model of BA in the sense of a revitalizaion. The most pronounced effect was found in the group pretreated with testis lyophilisate. The results obtained with the factor models suggest that this effect might be due to influences on primary aging as well as on some secondary changes. PMID- 7206825 TI - Long-term observation of plasma and tissue enzyme activities in the rat. AB - During a long-term study in the rat some enzyme activities were determined in plasma, lung, spleen and skeletal muscle. Twelve rats of each sex were investigated every 49 days from 35 until 1115 days of life. Lactate dehydrogenase in lung and spleen decreases; in muscle and plasma, however, the activity varies considerably. Malate dehydrogenase in the tissues remains nearly unchanged apart from distinct peaks in the first year of life; in plasma the activity takes an M shaped course. In contrast to the changes of glutamate dehydrogenase in the tissues with a tendency to diminish, this enzyme increases in plasma during the lifetime. Aspartate aminotransferase activity in the tissues, except muscle, varies with a rhythmical behaviour, and in plasma shows a gradual increase. Alanine aminotransferase in lung and spleen has two activity peaks. In muscle this enzyme varies only slightly after a steep initial decrease. In plasma the activity has a tendency to rise. Creatine kinase in the tissues reveals several activity peaks. In plasma the activity course is U-shaped. Adenylate kinase in spleen and lung rises, whereas in muscle the activity varies considerably. The nearly identical decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity in the tissues during ageing is also reflected by a concomitant behaviour in plasma. Leucine arylamidase in lung and muscle both have a U-shaped characteristic, whereas in spleen the activity changes in a shorter period. In plasma, a rhythmical behaviour is apparent. Aldolase in plasma tripled during the observation period. Except for lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase, distinct sex-differences are observed in plasma. With progressive age the animals suffer increasingly from characteristic diseases, which beside experimental components have influenced the enzyme pattern. Enzyme activities in plasma and tissues show a complex pattern and are only of limited importance in understanding the ageing process. PMID- 7206826 TI - The effect of age on the plasma protein binding of pentobarbitone in the mouse. A brief note. AB - Old mice show an increased sensitivity to parenteral pentobarbitone compared with young adult mice, despite similar plasma concentrations of the drug. One factor may be an alteration in the binding of barbiturate to the plasma protein, perhaps consequent on reduced hepatic synthesis of plasma protein with advancing age. As part of a study of the effect of age upon the pharmacological and adaptive response to barbiturates, binding of pentobarbitone to plasma proteins from mice of different ages was measured by equilibrium dialysis in the presence of a standard concentration of the drug. The total plasma protein concentration was measured and found to be the same in both age groups. The plasma protein binding of pentobarbitone was found to correlate significantly with the plasma albumin concentration, which was lower in the older mice. However, there was no significant overall difference in pentobarbitone binding between old and young mice. Pretreatment of the mice with phenobarbitone for 21 days had no effect upon the capacity for plasma protein binding of pentobarbitone in either age group. Thus, it seems unlikely that the increased sensitivity of older mice to pentobarbitone can be explained in terms of altered plasma protein binding of the drug. PMID- 7206827 TI - The effect of age and pentobarbitone tolerance on pentobarbitone depression of calcium-45 uptake by mouse brain synaptosomes. AB - Nerve terminals (synaptosomes) isolated from mouse brains accumulate 45Ca2+ at a rate which can be stimulated to increase by immersion in a high K+ saline. Low concentrations of pentobarbitone depress stimulated 45Ca2+ accumulation in a dose dependent manner. We investigated the effect of 1 mM pentobarbitone on calcium accumulation by synaptosomes isolated from the brains of young and old mice, some of which had been made tolerant to barbiturates, to see if age and tolerance to barbiturate would modify 45Ca2+ accumulation. In the absence of barbiturate, neither advancing age nor barbiturate tolerance could be associated with any significant change in 45Ca2+ uptake by potassium-stimulated or non-stimulated synaptosomes. However, both factors modified the depressant effect of barbiturate. Age and tolerance did not influence resting or potassium-stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake, nor did they influence the suppression by pentobarbitone of resting 45Ca2+ uptake. However, when correcting for suppression of resting uptake by barbiturate, age significantly reduced barbiturate suppression of potassium stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake. Tolerance significantly reduced this corrected effect of barbiturate in synaptosomes from the 3-month old but not the 24-month-old mice. PMID- 7206828 TI - Aging and multiple forms of acid phosphatase in isolated rat liver cells. AB - Purified suspensions of highly viable parenchymal, endothelial and Kupffer cells were prepared from the livers of young (3 months of age) and old (33-34 months of age) female rats. In the cell suspensions, the activities of the multiple forms of acid phosphatase were determined with the substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate, 1-naphthyl phosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Most specific enzyme activities increased during aging, but the preference to hydrolyse any of the three substrates did not change. The small age-related changes in effects of the inhibitors fluoride and alloxan were not uniform for the the three liver cell types. The pattern for multiple forms of acid phosphatase obtained after isoelectric focusing did not change with age for Kupffer cells, while one of the two major forms of the enzyme almost disappeared in endothelial cells from old rats. With age, a very pronounced heterogeneous pattern was observed for the enzyme forms in the long-lived parenchymal cells. The increase in heterogeneity in multiple forms of acid phosphatase in aging parenchymal cells may be the result of post-translational modifications. PMID- 7206829 TI - Postsynthetic changes of glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) in the ageing bovine lens. AB - Postsynthetic changes in the enzyme and structural proteins play an important role in the mechanisms of ageing of the lens, when development of protein aggregates and -S-S- linking occurs. Protection of the free -SH groups through the glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase system is a prerequisite to avoid these phenomena. Investigations on these two enzymes in young and old bovine lens tissues showed that they are themselves subjected to age-dependent modifications. With increasing age, the specific activity decreases while a simultaneous increase in heat lability occurs. This means that in the course of postsynthetic processes the stability of the conformation decreases and that finally the catalytic properties are lost. PMID- 7206830 TI - Mental impairment (dementia) and cerebral atrophy in geriatric patients. AB - In predicting the degree of brain atrophy as measured by CT, the AGP score and a few clinical variables were of some remarkable value. Especially the variables related to memory disorders and lack of insight are easily and reliably assessed during the course of the examination. In comparison to other more widely used neurological methods, the FHT proved to be an effective device for detecting brain atrophy, whereas the PMR and the glabellar blink were less effective. The close correlations between cerebral atrophy as measured by CT and a considerable number of clinical variables support the opinion that the organic substratum is not inconsistent with the clinically assessed function. Further research using strictly defined and standardized quantitative methods of psychopathological as well as neuroradiological assessment would seem to be a most promising attempt to answer the questions here only touched upon. PMID- 7206831 TI - Morphological aging changes in human articular cartilage. AB - It is readily apparent from a large number of studies that the various organs and tissues of the human body show a non-uniform and asynchronous aging behavior. Therefore we decided to analyze the articular cartilage of the human caput femoris (F) and trochlea tali (T). Besides histochemical findings (reaction of the ground substance, metachromatism, and content of glycosaminoglycans), it has been observed that the percentage of chondrocytes relative to a constant area in newborn infants is 10.14 +/- 0.61% (F) and 14.07 +/- 0.85% (T). This percentage becomes gradually smaller in the following decades, decreasing from 8.27 +/- 3.49% (F) and 8.63 +/- 3.03% (T) in the first decennium to 5.15 +/- 1.17% (F) and 5.48 +/- 2.30% (T) in the second decennium, and from 4.94 +/- 0.58% (F) and 4.80 +/- 0.81% (T) in the third-sixth decennia to 2.36 +/- 0.28% (F) and 3.01 +/- 0.87% (T) in the eighth decennium. In both the F and T articular cartilages a major variation is observed in the number of chondrocytes relative to a constant area between birth and the third decennium; thereafter, only minor variations can be observed. The mean area of chondrocytes is 91.68 micrometers 2 (F) and 99.42 micrometers 2 (T) in neonates, 224.89 micrometers 2 (F) and 259.08 micrometers 2 (T) in the first decade of life, 259.52 micrometers 2 and 323.68 micrometers 2 (T) in the second decade, 366.89 micrometers 2 (F) and 339.35 micrometers 2 (T) in the third-sixth decades, and 229.48 micrometers 2 (F) and 173.85 micometers 2 (T) in the eighth decade. Summarizing, we note that there are only gradual rather than fundamental differences between the aging changes in the head of the femur and the trochlea of the talus. PMID- 7206832 TI - Is there biological relevance in the statistically significant association between the HLA system and disease? PMID- 7206833 TI - Effect of genetic differences on K+-induced metabolic changes in allogeneic murine brain cortical cells incubated in vitro. AB - Stimulation of oxygen uptake by brain cortex cells with high K+ concentration is one of model reactions characteristic for the functional activity in vitro. The present study was undertaken to clarify the initial findings of the near abolition of K+-induced stimulation of oxygen uptake by mixed brain cortex cells which originate from genetically different mice. Increase in K+-stimulated oxygen consumption by mixed brain cortex cells from H-2 compatible mice (C3H/Cbi/Bom and CBA/J strains) reached 150%. K+-induced oxygen uptake by mixed cells from H-2 incompatible mice (A/Ph and C3H/Cbi/Bom) reached 104%. K+-stimulated respiration by allogeneic cells from congenic lines with H-2 differential loci was also lowered. K+-induced breakdown of ATP and creatine phosphate was similar in both allogeneic cells (to 72% and 64%, respectively) and syngeneic controls (to 72% and 61%, respectively). Factors involved in the demonstration of allogeneic interactions of brain cortex cells were tested. K+-mediated metabolic activity in allogeneic brain cortex cells was dependent on strong antigenic differences, cell cell contacts and optimal amount of interacting cells. It, therefore, seems that genetic differences such as in H-2 complex linked alloantigens may participate in alterations of some metabolic processes of the brain function. PMID- 7206834 TI - Protection by testosterone propionate against the nephrotoxicity of 2 aminoanthraquinone in Fischer rats. AB - The role of gonadal hormones in the nephrotoxicity of the hepatocarcinogen 2 aminoanthraquinone (2-AAQ) was investigated. Intact and castrated four week old Fischer rats of both sexes and castrated female rats with subcutaneous implants of testosterone propionate pellets were fed 2% 2-AAQ in a Wayne meal diet. After 12 weeks of ad libitum feeding the animals were then given control diet. Based on survival, body, liver and kidney weights, and the histopathological evaluation of the kidneys, castrated female rats given testosterone propionate were afforded the greatest protective effect against the nephrotoxicity of 2-AAQ. PMID- 7206835 TI - Potentiation of the inhibition of rat liver monoamine oxidase-a by clorgyline after pretreatment with SKF 525A. AB - Pretreatment of rat liver homogenates with 1.5 x 10(-4) M SKF 525A is without effect on the activity of monoamine oxidase-A, but results in a decrease in the concentration of clorgyline required for the inhibition of this enzyme form. Such a result is consistent with the hypothesis that rat liver homogenates contain an SKF 525A-sensitive clorgyline-metabolising system. PMID- 7206836 TI - Ambulatory surgery in an HMO. A study of costs, quality of care and satisfaction. AB - This study is a retrospective examination of data from a prepaid group practice that introduced a change in surgical services so that about 35 per cent of patients having surgery in the operating room were not admitted to the hospital. The study population is the membership of the Oregon Region of the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan for the period 1966 through 1974. The data come from 100 per cent of the hospital admissions and 100 per cent of the ambulatory (nonadmit) surgical procedures. This study examines the costs, quality of care, and satisfaction of providers and patients with ambulatory surgery. Cost savings for the ambulatory procedures averaged +192.19 per procedure (based on 1977 costs). National savings for 1977 were projected at +773,947,208. In addition, ambulatory surgery absorbed an increasing demand for surgical procedures without requiring additional hospital beds. No difference in quality of care were found for inpatients and ambulatory patients (both used the same operating rooms and staff), and both providers and patients were found to be very satisfied with ambulatory surgery services. PMID- 7206837 TI - Why people are hospitalized. A description of preventable factors leading to admission for medical illness. AB - We evaluated factors leading to the admission of 136 patients to the general medical services of two large metropolitan hospitals. We developed explicit criteria for the contribution of various specific factors to illness prevention and control in these patients. According to these criteria, the illness was found to be preventable in 44 per cent and the illness could have been controlled without admission in 31 per cent if a standard medical regimen had been followed. Social circumstances of individual patients influenced the admission decision in 21 per cent. Lack of medical or community resources or failure to make use of them contributed to 21 per cent of admissions. Alcohol abuse and smoking were factors in 17 per cent and 15 per cent respectively. Compliance played a role in 21 per cent. In 29 per cent of admissions more than one preventable factor was identified. Personal habits and lifestyle, less-than-optimal management or prior illness, social considerations or lack of community resources were factors in 78 per cent of the admissions. PMID- 7206838 TI - Minor ailments and illness behavior among physicians. AB - This study examined the illness behavior of a sample (n = 375) of physicians in regard to the treatment of their own minor ailments. The symptoms for each of 13 minor ailments were clearly worded to describe a common ailment which in the normal course of events should disappear if left untreated. For 3 of the ailments, however, there was a high frequency of physician-dependent action; 4 other ailments showed a moderate frequency of physician-dependent action. Assuming that physicians are role models for illness behavior, in the sense that they have the authority to define what illness "is" and that they will then do what they have think "best," this sample of physicians is implicitly demonstrating what lay persons should do. These data suggest that the normative expectation to seek professional assistance (a medical solution) is reinforced by physicians through their own behavior. PMID- 7206839 TI - Continuity of care: does it contribute to quality of care? AB - Continuity of care is defined and measured in terms of care received from a single physician, from several physicians practicing as a group and from physicians seen through referrals. All patients receiving tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T and As) in Manitoba for one year, as well as a group of similar individuals treated with respiratory illnesses but not having T and As, were studied. Several patient and physician characteristics were examined to determine their relationship to continuity of care. Continuity consistently increased with patient age, but appeared unrelated to several other variables. The links between continuity of care and quality of care were explored using process and outcome measures of quality. A cross-lagged panel analysis suggested no casual relationship between continuity and quality. These results contradict those of several other studies; they are important in that continuity of care is shown not to reduce one type of error of commission made by practitioners. PMID- 7206840 TI - The planning and organization of a regionalized burn care system. AB - The burn problem in the United States, as reflected in published data, is serious. More than 2,000,000 people are injured in burn accidents each year; 70,000 are hospitalized, involving approximately 9,000,000 disability days; and an estimated 9,000 die from their injuries. In 1964, the National Burn Information Exchange (NBIE) was established in Michigan. NBIE collects national and international data representing currently 40,000 burn cases from 133 hospitals in the United States, Canada and overseas. NBIE provides information or morbidity by etiology, treatment patterns and mortality by cause and institution. The organized data are a major and valuable information resource helpful for establishing criteria and policy guidelines for organizing burn care services based on need, severity, and quality measures as reflected by outcomes of care. Based on NBIE analyses of current information, it is recommended 1) that only 10 per cent of the acute general hospitals in the United States need be involved directly in the provision of specialized burn patient care; 2) that 3 levels of care be established as determined by severity of injury and intensity of care; and 3) that burn care should be organized within a comprehensive regionalized Emergency Medical Service (EMS) system in accordance with the EMS Act of 1973 and the 1976 amendments. PMID- 7206841 TI - A systems model for burn care. AB - The problem of projecting the number of tertiary service beds needed by a population is materially different for rare events than for medical events of more common occurrence. Demand for inpatient burn treatment services has been carefully measured in 57 countries in New York State. A survey provided data describing the rate of ocurrence, severity, and average length of stay for 5,791 hospitalized burn patients. Existing planning formulae which were designed for events of common occurrence were found to project conditions of overflow and underutilization incompletely when applied to regional burn units. Objective planning models designed specifically for intensive burn care were therefore developed. These models show that there is no number of intensive care burn beds which will provide both reasonably high occupancy and reasonable assurance of meeting the normally erratic demand of a small system. Conditions of overload and underutilization are inevitable and therefore planning efforts should be directed at minimizing these impacts. If all of the regional burn treatment facilities are regarded as components of a well-integrated statewide system, a much more effective efficient and economic service will result. PMID- 7206842 TI - Utilization of within-hospital services. A study of the effects of two forms of group practice. AB - This study examined the effect of group affiliation on the use of technical (length of stay, lab tests, etc.) and clinical (rendering and requesting consultations) resources by physicians practicing within a large acute care hospital. Comparisons in use were made between physicians in 1) a prepaid group practice (Colorado Permanente Medical Group [Kaiser]); 2) a fee-for-service group practice; and 3) "unaffiliated" physicians. Patient data were adjusted whenever possible for patient diagnosis and severity. In comparison to other physicians in the hospital, the prepaid group physicians utilized somewhat fewer technical resources, though the results were not statistically significant. Differences in the use of clinical resources were statistically significant, with the fee-for service group physicians using consulting services the most and prepaid group physicians using them the least. The results indicate that 1) fee-for-service group structures may reinforce the incentives to share in consultation revenues; 2) prepaid group physicians may experience difficulty becoming integrated into the informal structures of physician practice patterns; and 3) the control of groups over the use of technical hospital resources may be substantially weakened when groups do not own or control the hospitals to which they admit their patients. PMID- 7206843 TI - Assessment of the AUTOGRP patient classification system. AB - This study was conducted to assess the adaptability of the AUTOGRP Patient Classification System (APCS) to the patient population of western Pennsylvania. The APCS consists of a fixed sex of 383 patient categories, each of which is purported to contain similar patients with respect to resource consumption as measured by length of stay. The assessment of the APCS examines both the reproducibility of the classification using western Pennsylvania patient date and the homogeneity of the resultant categories. The results indicate that the APCS categories examined were not statistically optimal using western Pennsylvania data, and that individual diagnostic-related groups within the APCS do not contain similar patients with respect to resource consumption and with respect to other patient and hospital characteristics. PMID- 7206844 TI - A comment on "Evaluation and Conflict in Measures of Performance for Blood Banking". PMID- 7206845 TI - A comment on "Evaluation of Economic Effects of Drug Product Selection Legislation. PMID- 7206846 TI - The concept of access: definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction. AB - Access is an important concept in health policy and health services research, yet it is one which has not been defined or employed precisely. To some authors "access" refers to entry into or use of the health care system, while to others it characterizes factors influencing entry or use. The purpose of this article is to propose a taxonomic definition of "access." Access is presented here as a general concept that summarizes a set of more specific dimensions describing the fit between the patient and the health care system. The specific dimensions are availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability and acceptability. Using interview data on patient satisfaction, the discriminant validity of these dimensions is investigated. Results provide strong support for the view that differentiation does exist among the five areas and that the measures do relate to the phenomena with which they are identified. PMID- 7206847 TI - Linking research and practice in patient education for hypertension: patient responses to four educational interventions. AB - Data from a longitudinal study of 432 hypertensive patients under the care of private practitioners are used to answer two questions: How do patients react to educational interventions, and how are their responses related to changes in their adherence behaviors? The four educational interventions, introduced sequentially and tested in a factorial design, were written messages, nurse's phone call, self-monitoring and social support. Patients' reactions to the interventions were assessed, using data from questions asked at post-intervention interviews and information recorded during the interventions. Cognitive, attitudinal and behavioral data are examined. Findings indicate that respondents were cognizant of the interventions and viewed them positively; also, some predictions about intervention features were supported. However, actions which respondents attributed to the interventions were not found to be related to increased adherence, according to the test used in this study. PMID- 7206848 TI - Evaluation of a stress management program for high utilizers of a prepaid university health service. AB - This study examined the effectiveness of a brief educational intervention with high utilizers of a prepaid university health service. Each of 165 participants was assigned to one of three groups; health screening plus health education, health screening control, or no contact comparison. The treatment consisted of a 1-hour educational session designed to make participants aware of psychological and social factors that make people prone to illness and to inappropriate use of health resources. The treatment appeared to be responsible for reducing utilization of the university health center for a short period of time, with this effect dissipating over time. There were no significant differences between groups on other outcome measures. The findings for this treatment are compared with the results of other studies indicating the psychotherapy may have some effect in reducing inappropriate high medical care utilization. PMID- 7206849 TI - Effect of hospital-based primary care setting on internists' use of inpatient hospital resources. AB - Hospital-based primary care is expanding, yet the impact of the hospital setting on physician practice patterns and health care costs is unknown. This project compared the use of inpatient hospital resources between internists practicing in hospital-based and freestanding primary care clinics. All hospitalizations over a two-year period by internists in the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program- Oregon Region were analyzed ( n = 5,623). Organizational and financial incentives were uniform for all internists. Results indicate that hospital-based internists use inpatient resources differently from other internists. The former are more likely to hospitalize, but their patients are likely to have a shorter length of stay and fewer laboratory tests or consultations. On average, the hospital-based internists used 44 more hospital days for every 1,000 doctor office visits than did other internists, suggesting the policy makers need to consider the influence of the hospital setting on the level of inpatient utilization. Further research on the causality of this relationship and its generalizability appears a strong priority. PMID- 7206850 TI - Price and membership in a prepaid group medical practice. AB - Federal interest in prepaid group practices as a means to control rising health care costs in reviving. This article is an empirical study of price and membership at a prepaid group practice among employees of Yale University. This article is the first to estimate the effect of price on the decision for membership in a prepaid group. The probability of joining the prepaid group is estimated to be a function of the relative price of the prepaid group and a conventional third-party insurance plan, the distance of residence to the prepaid group, the perceived quality of services at the prepaid group and the demand for medical services. Our most important finding is that employees' choice is quite sensitive to the relative price of the two plans. This has important implications for federal policy toward prepaid group practices. PMID- 7206851 TI - A comparison of mental health costs and utilization under three insurance models. AB - Published reports on utilization and costs of mental health services provided under three insurance models (prepaid, cost-financed and indemnity) reveal consistently greater utilization of outpatient services, lower overall inpatient utilization and comparable costs among prepaid plans in contrast with other two models. The present study suggests that prepaid plans, by facilitating the use of specialty mental health services by a substantially greater proportion of their membership than the other two models, come closer to serving their total population in need as projected by epidemiologic studies. While the data on cost containment are less clear, prepaid plans show a shift in costs away from inpatient and toward outpatient care. However, because of the possibility of bias of differences in population served, treatment philosophy and benefits offered, conclusions drawn from these findings must be tentative until a prospective comparison controlling for these differences can be carried out. PMID- 7206852 TI - A unique approach to mental health services in an HMO: indemnity benefit and service program. AB - Three years' experience with a unique combination of an indemnity benefit plus an in-house service program in a prepaid group practice plan's psychiatric department demonstrates enhanced accessibility and increased utilization among formerly unserved segments of the membership plus the flexibility of freedom of choice in choosing service provider and the ability to tailor treatment to patient needs. Overall costs were similar to those reported for other prepaid plans despite the addition of benefits for long-term therapy outside the plan. Flexible use of inpatient and day hospital services enabled the program to migrate, to a large extent, major increases in hospital charges while providing greater continuity of care. This combination of benefits offers the advantages of both an indemnity benefit (Freedom of choice in treatment) and an in-house service program (greater continuity of care, more flexible use of resources, reduction of reliance on hospital care). PMID- 7206853 TI - A comparison of utilization of community primary health care and school health services by urban Mexican-American and Anglo elementary school children. AB - The health care utilization of urban Mexican-American and Anglo elementary school children was recorded at school and community primary-care sites over a 1-year period. No significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to visiting/nonvisiting behavior or frequency of visits. Two unobtrusive measures were used to ascertain the degree of acculturation of the Mexican-American children and their parents: return of Spanish-language questionnaire and enrollment of the child in bilingual classes. No significant differences were found in the proportion of visitors/nonvisitors in each group or the total number of visits for health services among these children. Mexican-American and Anglo children did not differ in the type of health problems presented, except that fewer Mexican-American than Anglo children had visits for emotional, behavioral or learning problems. Results indicate that when health services are available and accessible, and when the barriers of language and income are minimized, Mexican-American and Anglo children do not differ in their use of health services in the community. PMID- 7206854 TI - Professional liability environment and physicians' responses: a regional examination. AB - This article examines the relationship between measures of severity of the professional liability "crisis" and physicians' responses, which may affect both costs of medical care and availability of care. Data from the American Medical Association's Periodic Surveys of Physicians are stratified by Census Region and specialty category. Claim frequencies, premiums and increases in premiums are calculated as indicators of the professional liability environment. Responses of physicians in each Region to questions on refusal cases, additional testing and fee increases due to liability considerations are then examined and compared with the liability environment to determine if there appears to be an association between liability environment severity factors and physicians' responses. PMID- 7206855 TI - DRGs: an assessment of the assessment. PMID- 7206856 TI - [Chronic active hepatitis with antibodies against liver and kidney microsomes]. PMID- 7206857 TI - [Conservative treatment of anal neoplasms. 11 patients treated with external radiotherapy and interstitial radium therapy]. PMID- 7206858 TI - [Retroperitoneal lipomas and liposarcomas. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 7206859 TI - [Incidence of biliary tract cancer in the department of Cote-d'Or]. PMID- 7206860 TI - [Endocholedochal prosthesis. Transhepatic placement for palliative treatment of retention jaundice]. PMID- 7206861 TI - [Colectomy and ileostomy for ulcerative colitis: prestomal ileitis]. PMID- 7206862 TI - [Spontaneous organic hypoglycemia and hemangiopericytoma. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 7206863 TI - Haemochromatosis in a woman with normal transferrin saturation. PMID- 7206864 TI - [Neutropenia in a patient treated with cimetidine]. PMID- 7206865 TI - [Value of Pinaverium bromide in preparing patients undergoing double contrast barium enema. A double-blind study]. PMID- 7206866 TI - [Need for gastric acidification in the treatment of abdominal migraine. Results of a multicenter study on the association of Seglor retard and Vagoserine]. PMID- 7206867 TI - [Acute-phase enteritis and colitis. Nutritional aspects]. PMID- 7206868 TI - [Portal hypertension by membranous occlusion of the inferior vena cava at its termination. Budd-Chiari-type syndrome]. PMID- 7206869 TI - [Appendiceal endometriosis disclosed by pregnancy]. PMID- 7206870 TI - [Does chronic hepatitis due to phenindione really exist?]. PMID- 7206871 TI - [Migraines and antimigraine agents]. PMID- 7206872 TI - [Pleural sarcoidosis: report of five cases (author's transl)]. AB - From a series of 110 patients with sarcoidosis seen at our hospital from October 1971 to September 1979, five cases were found with histologically proven pleural sarcoidosis, an incidence of 4.6%. Pleural involvement was not described in the surgical or autopsy protocols. Infiltration by sarcoid granulomas was found in the visceral and/or parietal layers in five cases of seven in whom pleural tissue was available for examination. The layer affected depended directly on the available sample. Only one patient had pleural effusion, which was an exudate with a high lymphocyte count; the case corresponded to a stage II sarcoidosis. The number of histologically proven cases of pleural sarcoidosis reported in the medical literature is very small, only 52 cass, including our own. In conclusion, it appears that the frequency of pleural sarcoidosis is falsely low, and that the availability of pleural tissue in patients with sarcoidosis undergoing thoracotomy might rise the figures heretofore encountered. PMID- 7206873 TI - [Ataxia-telangiectasia with immunodeficiency and malignant lymphoma. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two patients with the clinical diagnosis of ataxia-telangectasia are reported. Both had a mixed partial immunodeficiency characterized by selective absence or deficiency of IgA and anergy to cutaneous antigens. During the course of their disease both patients developed a poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma of intraabdominal location. One of the patients died from infectious complications after receiving the first course of chemotherapy, while the second one remains alive under treatment. The high incidence of lymphoreticular neoplasms in early life in these patients with a genetically deficient immune system is commented upon along with the fact that, in spite of that, the pathogenesis of the syndrome remains unknown. PMID- 7206874 TI - [Clinical endoscopic, and secretory responses in patients with duodenal ulcer treated one gram per day of cimetidine for a year (author's transl)]. AB - In the case that long term treatment with cimetidine could lead to a reduction of the parietal cell mass, there would result important therapeutic consequences. To investigate this possibility, 26 patients with duodenal ulcer were prospectively studied while on treatment with 1 g daily of cimetidine for two six-month periods separated by a two-week interruption of the therapy. No significant changes in pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion were observed after seven to 14 days off cimetidine, following six and twelve months of treatment. Cimetidine therapy had a significant effect on ulcer pain and antacid consumption. There were reductions of 11% and 10% from the initial figures in the proportion of ulcer niches seen endoscopically, after six in twelve months of treatment respectively. Some patients without a visible duodenal niche on initial endoscopy showed one at subsequent examinations. The sudden interruption of cimetidine treatment after six months was followed by the development of a gastric ulcer, previously absent, in three patients, one of whom had an upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. There were no extragastric complications in spite of the doses and the duration of treatment. The authors consider that maintaining patients on one gram per day of cimetidine for one year is useless. PMID- 7206875 TI - [Metoprolol in the treatment of essential hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The cardioselective betablocking agent metoprolol was used to treat 21 outpatients with essential arterial hypertension graded 1 and 2 of the OMS scale. The treatment was given orally for a mean duration of nine weeks at doses of 100 mg/day for two weeks and 200 mg/day for the remaining time. The treatment caused a significant reduction of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (p less than 0.001), both in the erect and the lying down position. The heart rate was also significantly reduced both in the lying down (p less than 0.01) and the erect (p less than 0.05) positions. Metoprolol was shown to be effective and well tolerated as an antihypertensive agent; the treatment had to be interrupted in a single case because of dizziness, tiredness and dullness. PMID- 7206876 TI - [Presence of anti-reticulin in a case of bird fancier's lung]. PMID- 7206877 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome, mixed cryoglobulinemia, and Waldenstrom's hypergammaglobulinemic purpura]. PMID- 7206878 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of a free intra-auricular thrombus]. PMID- 7206879 TI - [Computerized cerebral tomography in tuberous sclerosis. Study of 3 patients]. AB - The findings on computerized axial tomography of the brain in three patients with tuberous sclerosis are reported. Numerous intracranial calcified nodules varying in size from a few millimeters to one centimeter, located preferentially below the ependyma of the lateral ventricles and determining filling defects in its lumen were found in all cases. Other calcified lesions were found in a subcortical location. One patient presented areas of low density throughout the hemispheric white matter, and another showed ventricular dilatation of the ventricles and basal cisternas. Computerized axial tomography is useful in the evaluation of patients with tuberous sclerosis because of its early demonstration of the characteristic intracranial lesions and detection of complications such as calcification of basal and cerebellar ganglia, hydrocephalus, and development of gliomas. Low density areas may correspond to foci of demyelinization. Furthermore, computerized axial tomography allows the demonstration of cerebral tuberosities in asymptomatic relatives, thus offsetting the inconveniences of pneumoencephalography. PMID- 7206880 TI - [Persistent and asymptomatic carriers of Australia antigen. A method for the evaluation of big series (author's transl)]. AB - The existence of an increasing number of apparently healthy carriers of the HBsAg demands a specific assisting attitude which must be highly reliable without increasing health care expenses. With that purpose, 129 asymptomatic carriers without prior history of jaundice and/or alcohol abuse were studied. The following discriminant criteria were used: hepatomegaly, other physical evidence of liver disease, hypertransaminasemia, and sulfobromophthalein retention. The carrier was defined as healthy after two consecutive examinations disclosing no abnormalities at intervals of six months, which occurred in 108 patients (84 %). No patient underwent liver biopsy, but the examination was still normal after two years in all cases. The presence of one or more abnormal findings was an indication for liver biopsy in 21 patients (16 %), and the procedure was accepted by 11 (52 %). The efficiency of the selection method was evaluated according to the histologic findings. The most useful criteria were hypertransaminasemia and sulfobromophthalein retention, in this order. PMID- 7206881 TI - [Epidemiological study of healthy carriers of Australia antigen. Analysis of contagiousness, and mechanism of spread of the infection (author's transl)]. AB - Epidemiological studies in healthy carriers of HB Ag show variable results that might depend on the geographical area, ethnic group, and socio-economic level analyzed. For that reason an study was undertaken in the Spanish population with the purpose of analysing contagiousness of healthy carriers and mechanism of spread of the infection. The incidence of HB Ag and HB Ab was determined by radioimmunoassay in 211 relatives of 76 healthy carriers; all members of the family could be studied in 51 cases. The results were compared to those of a sizeable sample of the normal population. The overall incidence of HB Ag (13.1 %), and of HB Ab (18.9 %) in the probands was significantly higher than in the normal population (0.8 %, and 9 %, respectively). The distribution of new cases of HB Ag positivity in the 51 families in which the members could be studied demonstrated a significantly higher frequency in children of a carrier mother (28.9 %) than in those of a carrier father (10.8 %). In conclusion, the contagiousness of healthy carriers for their families can not be disregarded. It is likely that the mechanism of spread of the infection depends on a multifactorial inheritance of the genetic alteration of the selective immunologic response to the HB Ag, compounded by environmental factors. PMID- 7206882 TI - [Histologic evolution of acute alcoholic hepatitis]. AB - Although acute alcoholic hepatitis is a frequent disease with distinct histologic diagnosis, the prognostic factors of its evolution are largely unknown. The present report analyzes the data of 18 patients with acute alcoholic liver disease submitted to two liver biopsies with a mean interval of 35 months. The results demonstrate a favorable histologic evolution in six of seven patients that abandoned alcohol ingestion, and an evolution to chronic liver disease in the remaining case. Out of six patients with continuous alcohol ingestion the evolution was unfavorable in five, while one case evolved to healing. Centrilobular fibrosis disappeared in the six cases that discontinued alcohol ingestion and who had favorable evolution, and it persisted in four of the six patients that continued drinking. The results suggest that centrilobular fibrosis is not always an unfavorable prognostic marker, and that the evolution of acute alcoholic hepatitis is not exclusively dependent on the continuation of alcohol abuse. PMID- 7206883 TI - [Tubular function and renal acidifying in juvenile diabetes mellitus of short evolution]. AB - The fractional excretion of uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and other ions, and the urinary acidifying capacity were studied in then patients with juvenile diabetes of short evolution and in a control group matched for age, sex, and body surface. The diabetic patients showed a hyperexcretion of uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride and ammonium which was unrelated to the increment of glomerular filtration rate or to glucosuria, and could not be ascribed to diet. The pathophysiologic interpretation of these findings is discussed, concluding that they might be the result of an increase in the filtered load and the behaviour of the tubules in front of the glomerular hyperfunction or metabolic disturbance inherent to the diabetic condition. PMID- 7206884 TI - [Coronary angiography and hemodynamic parameters in patients recovered from a myocardial infarction]. AB - The hemodynamic findings of a group of 112 patients with a prior history of myocardial infarction have been reviewed. The patients have been classified in three subgroups: anterior (48 cases), posterior (43 cases), and biventricular electrical infarction (21 cases). There was only one female in the 112 cases. There was a good correlation between the electrical region of infarction and ventricular asynergy localized to the same territory (76.65, and 90 %, respectively), as well as significant involvement of the corresponding coronary artery (89.88 and 100 %, respectively). A high percentage of patients with significant lesions of the coronary artery opposite the infarction was found (48 % in anterior necrosis, and 76 % in posterior lesions). In five cases the coronary vessels had no abnormalities. Ejection fraction and postangiography end diastolic pressure were the parameters of ventricular function most constantly altered. From this study it appears particularly relevant that there is a low incidence of women: there exists a good correlation between the infarct, the zone of asynergy, and the affected coronary; the number of affected coronaries increases with age; there are significant lesions in the opposite coronary, and there is a greater alteration of ventricular function in patients with biventricular infarction, followed by patients with anterior infarction. PMID- 7206885 TI - [Felty's syndrome without splenomegaly. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - A 63 year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis and positive rheumatoid serology presented persistent neutropenia without spleen enlargement detectable by either physical or isotopic means. A pattern identical to that described for classical Felty's syndrome was found on determination of the IgG bound to granulocytes by inhibition of the hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes previously incubated with human IgG. Inhibition of hemolysis in the patient was 94 %, 63 %, and 32 % (according to the concentration of granulocytes per mm3), while in the healthy control it was 37.5 %, 30 %, and 0 %, respectively. In spite of the absence of spleen enlargement, the patient was diagnosed as suffering from Felty's syndrome without splenomegaly. The diagnostic and follow-up value of the measurement of IgG bound to granulocytes is emphasized. PMID- 7206886 TI - [Olivo-pontocerebellar atrophy. Report of a case (author's transl)]. AB - A case of hereditary olivo-pontocerebellar atrophy is reported. The patient presented with intentional tremor and slurred speech, and physical examination disclosed a bi-hemispherical cerebellar syndrome, involvement of the IX and X cranial nerves, and retinitis pigmentosa. Computerized axial tomography demonstrated a supra and infratentorial atrophy, predominating in the brain stem and cerebellum. The literature on olivo-pontocerebellar atrophy is reviewed, verifying the ample clinical spectrum of this disorder amongst the spinocerebellar degeneration syndromes, and emphasizing the diagnostic value of computerized axial tomography. PMID- 7206887 TI - [Reflections on internal medicine in university-affiliated hospitals (author's transl)]. AB - The author analyzes the origins of the crisis of Internal Medicine and deals with its present situation as it is currently lived in the academic institutions. The identity and qualities of the internist are discussed, and the requirements to be fulfilled for a physician to be defined as an internist are outlined. The main conditions for the proper operation of an Internal Medicine Department are defined as it regards its structure and the different facets of the assistant, teaching and research functions. Finally, the author discusses the roles of the internists and the specialists in the fulfillment of the above functions. PMID- 7206888 TI - [Contribution to the knowledge of intestinal protozoa infestation in the hospital population of Barcelona (author's transl)]. AB - This report concerns the analysis of 650 fecal samples submitted for parasitic investigation to the Microbiology Service of the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau of Barcelona. The samples were analyzed by the technique of fixation and direct observation of Sapero and Lawless (MIFD), and with the biphasic concentration method of Blagg et al (MIFC). Intestinal protozoa were detected in 183 samples (28.2%), with a total of 232 protozoosis uncovered. The specific analysis gave the following results: Giardia lamblia, 10.9%; Dientamoeba fragilis, 7.8%; Entamoeba coli, 4.6%; Endolimax nana, 4.5%; Entamoeba hartmanni, 4.0%; Iodamoeba buetschlii, 2.9%; Entamoeba histolytica, 0.7%; Chilomastix mesnili, 0.2%; Trichomonas hominis, 0.2%. The results obtained by the two methods have been compared, observing the highest number of positive results with MIFD technique. Especial mention is made of the higher incidence of Dientamoeba fragilis in samples positive for Oxyuris further studies being needed to establish the basis for the relationship between both species of parasites. PMID- 7206889 TI - [Severe medical sequelae in heroin addicts]. AB - Disease secondary to heroin abuse constitutes a rarity in Spain. While there had been no previous cases in earlier years four young heroin addicts were admitted to the Hospital "1st de Octubre" for severe medical complications of their addiction within the last twelve months. Two patients were admitted in deep coma due to drug overdose, being cardiac arrhythmias and pulmonary edema the main associated complications. Cardiac rhythm disturbances are due to a heightened vagal tone, either secondary to inhibition of acetylcholine hydrolysis or to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis, factors that diminish cholinesterase activity and act synergistically to increase vagal tone. Pulmonary edema secondary to heroin overdose is non-cardiogenic and probably due to hypoxia added to the local action of heroin on the alveolocapillary membrane. The goal of therapy in such cases is to obtain an appropriate alveolar ventilation, the use of continuous positive pressure ventilation being required when there is pulmonary edema. The third patient had staphylococcal pneumonia with multiple abscess formation secondary to venous septic embolization originated peripherally where the drug was injected. Finally, the fourth patient was admitted because of a clinical and biochemical picture of HBsAg negative acute viral hepatitis, having suffered a similar clinical picture three years previously. PMID- 7206890 TI - [Correlation between the Morris' index and pulmonary capillary pressure in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. AB - The authors study the usefulness of the measurement of the negative area of P in V1 (Morris' index) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The study was carried out prospectively in 70 patients, 31 of them having a Swan-Ganz catheter inserted permitting simultaneous hemodynamic and electrocardiographic measurements. No overall correlation was found between pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP) and Morris' index (Mlx), but a correlation existed in the subgroup of patients that showed evident variations of Mlx values during the study. On admission a relationship between PCP and Mlx was evident in 68% of the cases, without statistical significance. No PCP-Mlx correlation was found in the patients in whom the Mlx was always normal or abnormal during the study, nor in those with a prior history of arterial hypertension or left heart failure. An intraatrial conduction defect was found in 13% of the cases, no PCP-Mlx correlation being present in those. The fact that the PCP-Mlx correlation is best in patients with changing Mlx values in successive measurements that in patients with a prior history of hypertension or left ventricular failure suggests that Mlx values may vary with changes of left atrial pressure. The measurement of the Mlx to estimate left atrial pressure has little value in patients with conditions that may cause left atrial enlargement and intraatrial conduction defects. PMID- 7206891 TI - [Familial incidence of bird-breeder's lung and HLA (author's transl)]. AB - The cases of two siblings affected with bird-breeder's lung are reported. The analysis of their HLA group demonstrated that both belonged to the haplotype HLA Bw15. The finding of a familial incidence of this type of alveolitis favors the presence of a genetic susceptibility for the disease. The same HLA group has been found in the rare families heretofore reported with bird-breeder's lung. Given that the pathogenesis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis has recently been linked to cellular immunity (T cells), and that the presence of a common HLA haplotype in patients suffering from bird-breeder's lung is related to the capacity for an immune response in general, and to the cellular immune response in particular, the presence of a genetic susceptibility in this disease appears as very likely, although the influence of other factors can not be ruled out. PMID- 7206892 TI - [Electrophysiologic actions of mexiletine (Ko-1173) in man]. AB - Electrophysiologic studies have been performed in 11 patients before and 12 minutes after intravenous administration of 250 mg of mexiletine. All patients had crisis of paroxysmal tachycardia. The cases with conduction defects at any level, as ascertained by surface ECG or basal electrophysiologic recordings, were excluded from treatment. The results obtained do not show significant variations in any of the parameters studied. It is concluded that mexiletine is an antiarrhythmic drug with an action typical of group I of the classification of Vaughan Williams, and that it reduces the maximum velocity of systolic depolarization. In the absence of conduction defects, its behaviour is similar to that of lidocaine or diphenylhydantoin. PMID- 7206893 TI - [Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome associated with a pleuropulmonary infection]. AB - A case of pleuropulmonary infection without a demonstrable causal agent associated to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone is reported. Although antidiuretic hormone levels were not measured, unequivocal indirect proof of elevated levels was present as evidenced by characteristic serum and urinary electrolyte abnormalities, other possible causes having been carefully ruled out. The hyposmolar clinical picture was refractory to conservative measures, and it was corrected only when a loculated empyema was surgically drained by way of thoracotomy. The literature on inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone related to pleuropulmonary pathology is briefly reviewed. Particular emphasis is made on the pleural encapsulation in the present case as the factor responsible for perpetuation of pulmonary infection and origin of the hormonal disturbance. PMID- 7206894 TI - Acute pituitary vascular accident (pituitary apoplexy). PMID- 7206895 TI - Coma and the acute confusional state in the emergency room. PMID- 7206896 TI - Acute life-threatening dermatologic disorders. PMID- 7206897 TI - Management of emotional reactions to acute medical illness. PMID- 7206898 TI - Cardiac procedures in acute care situations. PMID- 7206899 TI - [Isolation and purification of staphylococcal leukocidin]. PMID- 7206900 TI - [Characteristics of Enterobacter agglomerans strains isolated in Poland]. PMID- 7206901 TI - [Serological types of Mycoplasma hominis isolated from humans]. PMID- 7206902 TI - [Serological response of man to Enterobacteriaceae common antigen. I. Chemical properties of ECA preparation]. PMID- 7206903 TI - [Serological response of man to Enterobacteriaceae common antigen. II. Serological properties of ECA preparation]. PMID- 7206904 TI - [Biological activity of serum and secretory IgA activity in children with whooping cough]. PMID- 7206905 TI - [Cytostatic and cytopathogenic effect of 1,4-dioxyquinoxaline and its derivatives on human fibroblast cell cultures in vitro]. PMID- 7206906 TI - [Occurrence of fungi in the environment and in workers of 2 different institutions]. PMID- 7206907 TI - Heterogeneity of Waardenburg syndrome in Kenyan Africans. PMID- 7206908 TI - Effect of treatment on oxygen absorption kinetics in patients with retinal dystrophy. PMID- 7206910 TI - Study on the diphosphoglycerate complex level--2,3--DPhG of the red blood as index of the tissue hypoxia in patients with eye pathology of vessel genesis. PMID- 7206909 TI - The effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate solutions on the oxygenation processes in eye tissues and retina potentials. PMID- 7206911 TI - Homocystinuria--a surgical and anaesthetic risk. PMID- 7206912 TI - Diabetic retinopathy: new observations and simple surgical techniques simplified combined vitrectomy with cataract extraction. PMID- 7206913 TI - Ocular hypotensive effect of oral glycerol in relation to blood osmolarity, glucose and electrolytes. PMID- 7206915 TI - [Treatment and intensive care of patients with multiple injuries]. PMID- 7206914 TI - Electroretinographic changes in a case of spino-cerebellar degeneration (SCD). PMID- 7206916 TI - [Compartment syndrome]. PMID- 7206917 TI - [Liquorrhea following fracture of the base of the skull]. PMID- 7206918 TI - [One year after psychiatric reform in Italy: more receive voluntary care, fewer receive mandatory treatment. Reforms out of step and shortage of space and personnel]. PMID- 7206919 TI - [Wilkie's syndrome--a rarity?]. PMID- 7206920 TI - [Does phenemal depress intelligence?]. PMID- 7206922 TI - [Face and neck injuries in traffic]. PMID- 7206921 TI - [The biochemistry of serum lipoproteins]. PMID- 7206924 TI - [Pelvospondylitis--examination and treatment]. PMID- 7206923 TI - [The building and construction industry. Occurrence of silicosis in non traditional occupations]. PMID- 7206926 TI - [Varicose veins--classification and treatment]. PMID- 7206925 TI - [Surgical treatment of pre-clinical mammary cancer and precancerous conditions]. PMID- 7206927 TI - [Alcohol abstinence--effects on blood pressure, blood lipids and liver enzymes]. PMID- 7206928 TI - [Proposal for a modified transplantation law: brain death should equal death, in order that organs can be taken for transplantation]. PMID- 7206929 TI - [Medical aid should be given on the recipient's conditions. A proposal for the training of auxiliary personnel]. PMID- 7206930 TI - [Thromboembolism and eye diseases caused by tranexamic acid]. PMID- 7206931 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of malignant soft tissue tumours]. PMID- 7206932 TI - [Nicotine chewing gum and psychological treatment as better than only psychological antidotal treatment]. PMID- 7206933 TI - [Epidemic virus infections in neonatal units]. PMID- 7206934 TI - [Various forms of short-term psychotherapy. Symposium]. PMID- 7206935 TI - [Giardiasis in 3 Swedish institutions]. PMID- 7206936 TI - [Blood pressure in patients in a chronic disease hospital--it's lower than you think]. PMID- 7206937 TI - [The liver fluke - the 1st imported cases?]. PMID- 7206938 TI - [Long-term treatment with nose drops containing xylometazoline]. PMID- 7206939 TI - [Tuberculin sensitivity in Swedish school children BCG vaccinated at birth]. PMID- 7206940 TI - [Routine BCG vaccination of newborn infants has ceased. Is mycobacteriosis of the cervical lymph nodes an unforeseen consequence?]. PMID- 7206941 TI - [Mycobacterium infections in children - 3 cases]. PMID- 7206942 TI - [Host-micro-organism interaction in otorhinolaryngology. Symposium]. PMID- 7206943 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia - new improvements]. PMID- 7206944 TI - [Surgical treatment of tachyarrhythmias]. PMID- 7206945 TI - [Tourist diarrhea - a reflection of a worldwide health problem]. PMID- 7206946 TI - [Dietary counseling in child health and dental services - a presentation of a diet case record]. PMID- 7206947 TI - [Computerized tomography in the roentgendiagnosis of the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 7206948 TI - [Safety pins in the esophagus in mental disorders]. PMID- 7206949 TI - [Current review. Massive doses of corticosteroids in hypovolemic shock]. PMID- 7206950 TI - [Hearing status of upper secondary school pupils]. PMID- 7206951 TI - [Insertion of silicone rubber catheters for long-term intravenous therapy]. PMID- 7206952 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute hematogenous osteitis in children]. PMID- 7206953 TI - [Silicon oil and activity in plastic bags - an alternative treatment for hand burns]. PMID- 7206954 TI - [Intensive care in the neonatal unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto]. PMID- 7206956 TI - [Tardive dyskinesia caused by metoclopramide therapy]. PMID- 7206957 TI - [Central acetabulum fractures--conservative or operative therapy?]. PMID- 7206958 TI - [Symposium: Alcohol]. PMID- 7206955 TI - [Risk factors in cardiac infarct and ischemic death among males in Stockholm]. PMID- 7206959 TI - [Temporary pacemaker treatment in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7206961 TI - [Behavioral medicine]. PMID- 7206962 TI - [Results of a questionnaire survey of various physicians with psychological and sociological training are very scarce]. PMID- 7206960 TI - [Experiences from a nursing programme. Children with chromosomal anomalies and their parents]. PMID- 7206963 TI - [Symposium: Alcohol]. PMID- 7206964 TI - [Pupillary disorders. A chart for their differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7206965 TI - [Exercise test in coronary disease--a challenge]. PMID- 7206966 TI - [What is the age-limit for operations on patients with hyperparathyroidism?]. PMID- 7206967 TI - [Continuous peritoneal dialysis - a mini-symposium on CAPD]. PMID- 7206968 TI - [Cerebral dysfunction and psychiatric disorders in children]. PMID- 7206969 TI - [The value of treatment with sympathomimetic drugs in diseases of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 7206970 TI - [The psychological adjustment of foreign adopted children]. PMID- 7206971 TI - [3 cases of actinomycosis in women with IUD]. PMID- 7206972 TI - [Possibilities of preventing death between the ages of 15 and 64]. PMID- 7206974 TI - [Percutaneous balloon dilatation in stenosing vascular diseases]. PMID- 7206973 TI - [Various aspects of the treatment of poisoning by tricyclic antidepressive agents]. PMID- 7206975 TI - [Immigrant and Swedish utilization of health services]. PMID- 7206976 TI - [Massive hemorrhage of the esophageal varix: standardized treatment and long-term results after portosystemic anastomosis (author's transl)]. AB - A reexamination was conducted on 90 of 231 patients who had undergone portal systemic shunt operations 2-15 years ago in our hospital due to massive esophageal varix bleeding. The results show that decompressing procedures represent the only therapeutic principle successfully preventing recurrence of massive esophageal hemorrhage over an extended period of time. Postoperative encephalopathy occurred relatively infrequently. This finding imposes considerably restraint on the use of this term as a weighty argument against portocaval shunts, especially because nitrogen substances are often known to pass unchanged from the intestinal tract to the vena cava and thus ultimately to the brain in patients with liver cirrhosis not undergoing surgery. The possibility of preventing recurrence of massive esophageal hemorrhage by protal decompression is meant to relieve the patient's constant fear of an incident putting his liver in jeopardy. PMID- 7206977 TI - [Clinical findings on heart myxoma (authors' translation)]. AB - Clinical findings, diagnosis, and pathology of heart myxoma are discussed on the basis of personal experience with nine patients. There was a striking variety of signs and symptoms caused by tumor embolization, hemodynamic obstruction, and autoimmunologic reactions. Echocardiography is the method of choice, although angiography may still be necessary in atypical or negative echocardiographic findings. The tumor should be removed as soon as possible after diagnosis. There is danger of tumor embolization in the course of the operation. Long-term results are good, if resection of the tumors is performed before catastrophic complications occur. Morphologically, myxomas are genuine tumors characterized by myxomatous stromata and cells. PMID- 7206978 TI - [Surgical consequences of anomalous arterial blood supply and aneurysms in the epigastric region (authors' translation)]. AB - Abdominal angiography was performed in patients with occlusive disease of the iliofemoral arteries. In 85 of 389 patients, the anomalous arterial blood supply of the upper abdomen was detected accidentally: 81% of the variations were related to the hepatic artery, 19% to the celiac artery. The possible surgical consequences are discussed if these variations are disregarded. Four patients with aneurysms of the visceral arteries (three aneurysms of the hepatic artery, one aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery) and one patient with a celiac artery compression syndrome were also detected. The latter diseases represent clear indication for operation with high chances of success if treated in time. PMID- 7206979 TI - [Multiple benign fibrous histiocytoma of the lung (authors' translation)]. AB - Multiple benign fibrous histiocytomas in both lungs of a 45-year-old woman are described. The tumors were found incidentally on routine roentgenograms. The lesions were resected, with no recurrence after two years. The tumors were predominantly fibroblastic and included histiocytes, xanthomatous cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and giant cells. Cells and fibers had a characteristic storiform pattern. Because of their absolutely benign biological behavior, resection of benign fibrous histiocytomas should be minimal. This appears to be the first case of multiple benign fibrous histiocytomas in both lungs. PMID- 7206980 TI - [Partial duodenopancreatectomy and intraoperative occlusion of the pancreatic tail for chronic pancreatitis (authors' translation)]. AB - Report on 81 partial duodenopancreatectomies for chronic pancreatitis. To prevent a postoperative pancreatic fistula and the recurrence of pancreatitis the duct system of the pancreatic tail was occluded with a solution of prolamine. This occlusion leads to an isolate 'burning out' of the exocrine parenchyma. The operative mortality was 1.2%. Up to now a recurrence of chronic pancreatitis was not observed. The later results within an observation period of 28 months are favourable. PMID- 7206981 TI - [Validity of retro- and prospective data analysis (authors' translation)]. AB - Retrospective chart analysis of 88 operated patients with bronchial carcinoma showed grave deficiencies. In 15% the reason for admission to hospital was not available and the exact smoking habits of 74% were not known. Retrospective TNM classification was possible in only 59%. It was known in 67% whether a radiotherapy and in 17% whether a cytostatic therapy was additionally performed. Only 13 of the 20 surviving patients participated in the follow-up. In contrast with these figures, a prospective collection of data (44 patients) has an effectiveness of 95% or more for all parameters. PMID- 7206982 TI - [Preoperative prophylactic antibiotics reduce septic complications of colorectal operations (authors' translation)]. AB - On the preoperative day before colorectal operations (n = 36), 3 g neomycine and 3 g erythromycine were administered as oral prophylactic antibiotics. No antibiotics were administered to the controls (n = 24). The number of postoperative septic complications was reduced after preoperative prophylactic antibiotics. There were two abscesses of the abdominal wound, one fecal fistula, and two anastomotic disruptions in the control group but only two abscesses of the abdominal wound in the antibiotic group. No toxic effects were observed during this trial. PMID- 7206983 TI - [Therapeutic results of peptic stenosis in the esophagus (author's transl)]. AB - Of 118 patients treated for peptic stenosis between 1970 and 1979, 89 cases (75.4%) had developed in connection with endobrachyesophagus, i. e., as the result of primary reflux disease; 26 cases were the consequence of secondary reflux disease without endobrachyesophagus. In three cases the peptic stenosis had to be explained as the result of a local acid secretion. The treatment which followed was conservative (bougienage + Cimetidine/Antacids) or operative (bougienage + fundoplication). The results of the therapy varied according to the type of stenosis. In cases where the stenosis was located in the upper part (endobrachyesophagus), good results could be achieved with conservative therapy in 38.3% and with operative therapy, in 67.3%. The results were worse in terminal stenosis (conservative therapy, 45.5%; operative therapy, 60%). Retrospective analysis of unsuccessful treatment shows that predominantly scarred stenosis shows worse results than florid stenosis with recent esophagitis. PMID- 7206984 TI - [Localization and distribution of calcium salt in gallstones. A scanning electron microscopic study with energy-dispersive elemental analysis (author's transl)]. AB - The surface of 68 fractured gallstones (28 patients) was investigated by SEM with energy-dispersive elemental analysis to show the topography of calcium salts. The localization of calcium salt is important with regard to chemolitholysis of calcium-containing cholesterol gallstones. The stones of 15 patients showed a concentration of calcium in the nucleus: in 4 the calcium salt was concentrated in the shell of the stone. In two more cases it was determined that calcium was present in both nucleus and shell. In seven it was impossible to place the stones in one of the above classes. Calcium salt in the shell seems to impede lysis by chenodeoxycholic acid; in these stones there is a small amount of insoluble calcium salt in the nucleus which remains after possible lysis of a cholesterol shell. The most appropriate stones for therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid are apparently those which harbor calcium salts with diffuse localization, so that no distinct nucleus no shell can be seen. PMID- 7206985 TI - [Cryopreservation of human parathyroid tissue (author's transl)]. AB - Cryopreservation of human parathyroid tissue achieved significance through the introduction of autologous transplantation in parathyroid surgery. The technique of cryopreservation and thawing is described. The functional integrity of frozen tissue was examined by checking its calcium-sensitivity which was compared with that of fresh tissue. This demonstrated a similar secretion pattern. Examination of the frozen tissue under the light and electronmicroscope showed almost all of the cells to be preserved. The indication for cryopreservation is given at total parathyroidectomy and autologous transplantation at primary and secondary hyperplasia, as well as at reintervention in primary hyperparathyroidism or in total thyroidectomy where it is not certain that living parathyroid tissue was left in situ. PMID- 7206986 TI - [Long-term follow-up of patients asymptomatic and expanding abdominal aortic aneurysms (author's transl)]. AB - In a retrospective study, 268 patients with all three types of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) were analyzed. They had been seen at the Surgical Clinic A of the University Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland, from 1961 through 1977. The follow-up included 97% of the surgical and all nonsurgical cases. This report is based on the analysis of the 167 surgically and 16 nonsurgically treated patients with asymptomatic (I) or expanding (II) AAA. Of the 16 patients not operated on, 15 died after a mean time of 13 months after examination, 57% due to rupture and 29% because of coronary heart disease. In the operative group, the 30-day perioperative mortality was 7% for the asymptomatic AAA and 14% for the expanding. Late mortality reached 25% for type I and 37% for type II after a mean survival time of 50 months. Of all surgically treated patients, 58% could be examined 1-14 (mean 4) years after aneurysmectomy. The cumulative survival rate for the 5th year reached 73% in the surgical asymptomatic group and 48% in the expanding or 62% for both; the nonsurgical group had a survival rate of only 6%. The results of the long-term follow-up are described in detail as well as the various factors related to arteriosclerosis or to surgery with statistically significant influence on prognosis. Comparison of the late results of all three types of AAA and confrontation with the spontaneous course of the disease emphasize the importance of early indication for operation. PMID- 7206987 TI - [Late results of shape-improving and shape-preserving mammaplasties: indication and selection of procedure (author's transl)]. AB - Results of shape-improving and shape-preserving operations to a woman's breast and the quality of the operation method cannot be assessed until a number of years later. Subsequent processes entailing alteration in the structure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, gliding down of gland tissue to Mm. pectoralis, broadening of vertical scars, and complications to the remaining gland tissue may basically vary the results obtained. Late results and view points leading to the selection of procedure will be discussed and compared with those in the literature. PMID- 7206988 TI - [Sphincter function after rectal resection with peranal anastomosis (author's transl)]. AB - To test sphincter function after rectal resection with colon-anal anastomosis performed with Park's peranal technique, 17 patients were examined using the Kelly code and manometric studies. Compliance and anal resting pressure were reduced. Sphincter internal relaxation after rectal distension was also less compared to the norm. Continence was normal for 10 patients and 4 had satisfactory function. PMID- 7206989 TI - [Tumors of the cerebral epiphysis]. PMID- 7206990 TI - [Genetic polymorphism of cerumen (apropos of a personal survey]. PMID- 7206991 TI - [Pseudohypoaldosteronism. A new case with a family study]. PMID- 7206992 TI - [Lipoatrophic diabetes]. PMID- 7206993 TI - [Physiology of the gonadal axis in women during the normal menstrual cycle]. PMID- 7206994 TI - [Surgery of the respiratory system in the neonatal period]. PMID- 7206995 TI - [Respiratory pathology]. PMID- 7206997 TI - [Clinical study of delayed-action oxprenolol in the treatment of angina pectoris. Apropos of 21 cases]. PMID- 7206998 TI - A radioenzymatic assay for femtomole determination of catecholamines using alpha methyldopamine as an internal standard. PMID- 7206996 TI - [Trial of a phlebotonic agent, a protector of the microcirculation, containing large quantities of active principles, in the treatment of hemorrhage in obstetrics]. PMID- 7207000 TI - The effect of fluoride intake on the total lipid, cholesterol and vitamin E levels in sera and liver of guinea pigs on high fat diet. PMID- 7207001 TI - Use of an ionophore to maintain repeated caffeine contractures in holothurian muscle. PMID- 7206999 TI - Choline post-mortem increase: effect of tissue, agitation, pH and temperature. PMID- 7207002 TI - Antagonism of intrastriatal and intravenous kainic acid by 1-nuciferine: comparison with various anticonvulsants and GABAmimetics. PMID- 7207003 TI - Effects of gamma-acetylenic GABA and gamma-vinyl GABA on electrically-induced spinal cord convulsions and on spinal cord GABA concentration. PMID- 7207004 TI - Current concepts: I. The 24-hour profile of prolactin in depression. PMID- 7207005 TI - Current concepts: II. Effect of aminooxyacetic acid and bicuculline on prolactin release in castrated male rats. PMID- 7207006 TI - Structure--activity relationship of melatonin analogues. PMID- 7207007 TI - The effects of myasthenic IgG on miniature end-plate currents in mouse diaphragm. PMID- 7207008 TI - Effect of antinociceptive doses of oxotremorine on mouse brain acetylcholine turnover rate. PMID- 7207009 TI - Measurement of the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine ejected during iontophoresis using multibarrel carbon fibre microelectrodes. PMID- 7207010 TI - Proteinuria in long term streptozotocin diabetes in rats. PMID- 7207011 TI - Localization of glutamate decarboxylase on line-immunoelectrophoresis and two dimensional electrophoresis by use of the radioactive suicide substrate [2-3H] gamma-acetylenic GABA. PMID- 7207012 TI - The biotransformation of alpha-(2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl)ethylamine by rabbit liver preparations. PMID- 7207013 TI - Postnatal development of the cholecystokinin-gastrin family of peptides in the brain and gut of rat. PMID- 7207014 TI - Morphine is most effective on gastrointestinal propulsion in rats by intraperitoneal route: evidence for local action. PMID- 7207015 TI - The effect of the cholesterol content of small unilamellar liposomes on the fate of their lipid components in vitro. PMID- 7207016 TI - Benzodiazepines attenuate single unit activity in the locus coeruleus. PMID- 7207017 TI - alpha-Methyl-6-aminodopamine: depletion of catecholamines in mouse brain and peripheral tissues. PMID- 7207018 TI - Differential effects of placental lactogen, growth hormone and prolactin on rat liver ornithine decarboxylase activity in the perinatal period. PMID- 7207019 TI - Circadian rhythms of urinary electrolyte excretion in freely moving rats. PMID- 7207020 TI - Influence of oxytocin on human memory processes. PMID- 7207021 TI - Monoamine oxidase of rat skeletal muscle: substrate specificity and half-life. PMID- 7207023 TI - The gastrointestinal absorption, tissue distribution, urinary excretion and metabolism of N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine (AEG) in the rat. PMID- 7207022 TI - Effects of several calcium antagonists and dipyridamole in the isolated perfused guinea pig heart. PMID- 7207024 TI - Calcium stimulation of polyphenylalanine synthesis in a bovine heart cell-free system. PMID- 7207025 TI - Embryo-uterine interaction in implantation. PMID- 7207026 TI - The effects of repetitive low frequency stimulation on control and "potentiated" synaptic responses in the hippocampus. PMID- 7207027 TI - Correlation of FAD-monooxygenase activity with corticosterone levels in inbred mice. PMID- 7207028 TI - Validity and reliability of liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for measuring plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine in man. PMID- 7207029 TI - Determination of plasma catecholamines and free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in continuously collected human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 7207030 TI - Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. PMID- 7207031 TI - Intracranial self-administration of morphine into the ventral tegmental area in rats. PMID- 7207032 TI - Small-dose intravenous heroin facilitates hypothalamic self-stimulation without response suppression in rats. PMID- 7207033 TI - Avian muscular dystrophy: thyroidal influence on pectoralis muscle growth and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 7207034 TI - Effect of ethanol feeding during pregnancy on placental transfer of alpha aminoisobutyric acid in the rat. PMID- 7207035 TI - Response of rabbit detrusor muscle to bradykinin. PMID- 7207036 TI - Changes in prostaglandin E1 stimulation of glucose oxidation in rat adipocytes during maturation and aging. PMID- 7207037 TI - Angiotensin II potentiates responses of the rabbit basilar artery to adrenergic nerve stimulation. PMID- 7207038 TI - Regulation of hypophyseal secretion by endogenous opiates: humoral endorphin stimulates the release of growth hormone. PMID- 7207039 TI - 3H-Mepyramine binding to histamine H1-receptors in guinea pig lung: characteristics and regulation by ions. PMID- 7207040 TI - How dangerous is hepatitis in the laboratory? PMID- 7207041 TI - Tanned red cell haemagglutination-inhibition immunoassay of fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products. PMID- 7207043 TI - Modification of automated Coombs' test system for rapid antigen screening of donor blood. PMID- 7207042 TI - The influence of the composition of blood agar on beta haemolysis by Streptococcus salivarius. PMID- 7207044 TI - Reagent control for continuous flow blood grouping systems. PMID- 7207045 TI - A low-toxicity solvent in the determination of urinary oestrogen. PMID- 7207046 TI - A modified autoradiography technique applicable to coverglass cell cultures. PMID- 7207047 TI - Rapid preparation of faecal specimens for detection of viral particles by electron microscopy. PMID- 7207048 TI - [Hormonal balance of healthy persons (a radiobiochemical analysis)]. PMID- 7207049 TI - [Comprehensive diagnosis of breast fibroadenomas]. PMID- 7207050 TI - [Surgical treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer metastases to the cervical lymph nodes after irradiation]. PMID- 7207051 TI - [Approaches to the prevention and treatment of skin radiation lesions]. PMID- 7207052 TI - [Roentgenotopometry in the radiation therapy of prostate cancer]. PMID- 7207053 TI - [Radiosensitivity of regenerating blood vessels]. PMID- 7207054 TI - [Selective enhancement of the antitumor radiation effect by means of short-term hyperglycemia]. PMID- 7207055 TI - [Determination of optimal irradiation plans with a limited number of irradiation beam directions]. PMID- 7207056 TI - [15-VSM-5 calculator in processing the results of radioimmunological studies]. PMID- 7207057 TI - [Changes in the ECG gastric gradient during the radiation therapy of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7207058 TI - The left lateral radiograph of the chest. PMID- 7207059 TI - Women: the major victims of depression. PMID- 7207060 TI - Emphysema. PMID- 7207061 TI - Pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7207062 TI - Myocardial ischemia, injury, and infarction. PMID- 7207063 TI - Influenza. PMID- 7207064 TI - Bronchofiberscopic views. PMID- 7207065 TI - Serum enzymes in myocardial infarction. PMID- 7207066 TI - Electroencephalography; when to consider it and what to expect from it. PMID- 7207067 TI - Drug history is important. PMID- 7207068 TI - Anatomy of a real estate tax shelter. PMID- 7207069 TI - Hypersplenism. PMID- 7207070 TI - Update in gastroenterology. PMID- 7207071 TI - Controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 7207072 TI - How to adjust to deafness (hints based on personal experience). PMID- 7207073 TI - Update in oncology. PMID- 7207074 TI - Problems of the elderly. PMID- 7207075 TI - Update in pharmacology. PMID- 7207076 TI - Update in nephrology. PMID- 7207077 TI - Interstitial nephritis and pyelonephritis: current concepts. PMID- 7207078 TI - ECG of the Month No. 33/Concepts and lingo to clarify and learn. A minor or major difference? It depends on your viewpoint! PMID- 7207079 TI - A guide to antibiotics for ambulatory patients. PMID- 7207080 TI - Echocardiogram of the month--#13. The dilated aortic root. PMID- 7207081 TI - Medical costs and the drug industry. PMID- 7207082 TI - Two minutes with diabetes. PMID- 7207083 TI - Practical diagnostic strategies to rule out adrenal disease. PMID- 7207084 TI - Managing patients with community-acquired pneumonia. PMID- 7207085 TI - How to diagnose and treat diarrhea due to enteric pathogens. PMID- 7207086 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: some clues to the mystery. PMID- 7207087 TI - How to diagnose and treat urinary tract infections. PMID- 7207088 TI - How to advise your patients who plan to travel. PMID- 7207089 TI - Respiratory infections. PMID- 7207091 TI - [Set of devices for psychophysiological research]. AB - For more efficient practical application of psychophysiological examination methods in the network of therapeutic-prophylactic and polyclinical establishments a set of instruments-II phi K-01 has been developed. It was produced on the basis of a programmed key-board computer and permits automatic patient examination with processing the data by 12 psychophysiological methods. PMID- 7207090 TI - [Devices for visualizing biosignals for the comprehensive equipping of cardiology institutions]. AB - Purposeful activity of the Scientific-Production Association of Radioelectronic Medical Equipment in the creation, serial tissue and practical mastering of to day's aids of biosignal visualization allows, in optimal way, realizing complete instrumentation of major links in cardiological service. Further perfection of these facilities is directed to more efficient diagnostic value of visible information, to acceleration of diagnostic process and its simplicity. PMID- 7207092 TI - [Equivalent electrical circuit for tissue substitution in transcutaneous electrostimulation]. PMID- 7207093 TI - [Stereophotogrammetric apparatus for determining the parameters of protective glasses]. AB - The new stereophotometric method for the determination of the parameters of the protective goggles with the use of the system of mirrors is analyzed. The formulae for the calculation of the spatial coordinates of reference points on the human head and face and for the conversion of the coordinates of the mirror image into those of the real image are presented. The stereophotometric equipment for the realization of this method is described. The results of the experiment carried out to determine the accuracy of the calculation of spatial coordinates are presented. PMID- 7207094 TI - [Thermoregulating devices for artificial circulation apparatus with thermoelectric elements]. AB - The increase of the absolute capacity of temperature control devices used in extracorporeal blood circulation apparatus has necessitated the intensification of heat exchange and, as a consequence, the work of heat exchangers under anisothermal conditions. This concerns mainly thermoelectric temperature control devices. Calculations in the process of their design and, to a greater extent, the optimization of their parameters under the conditions of anisothermality in the soldered joints become far more complicated. The numerical analysis of such thermoelectric device with anisothermal soldered joints has demonstrated the possibility of its analytical optimization by assuming it to be a thermoelectric device working under the average effective values of temperature and the coefficients of electrical characteristics. The results thus obtained allow to considerably decrease labor consumption in designing the above-mentioned devices. PMID- 7207095 TI - [Artificial mastoid device for calibrating bone telephones in an extended frequency range]. AB - The instrument described here is designed for calibration of osteal telephones in the frequency range from 0.1 to 15 kHz. In contrast with foreign units of similar intention, the "artificial mastoid" has the impedance of its operating surface sufficiently adequate to the mean mechanical impedance of the parotid region and the forehead of the man within the whole range of operating frequencies. The instrument permits audiometry in extended frequency range in cases of osteal sound conductivity. PMID- 7207096 TI - [Implantable and paracorporal dosimeters of drug solutions in a boiling liquid]. PMID- 7207097 TI - [Automatic transmission of patient medical record data via a telephone communication channel]. AB - A newly elaborated device delivers the patient's case history through one channel of the three-channel system, intended for automatic processing of ECG, being transmitted through communication lines. Integral microcircuits are major elements of the receiving and transmitting parts of the device. Technical and clinical tests confirmed reliable data transfer, along with low noise level and operation convenience. PMID- 7207098 TI - [Standardization of modern technical devices for medical use]. AB - Typical variants (modifications) of printed plates assemblies were developed with the purpose to speed-up the introduction of novel medical technique in the public health practice. The creation of unified functional blocks, packs and radiocomponents is shown as necessary for constructing the aggregate aids of medical technique. PMID- 7207099 TI - [Possibilities of creating in polyclinics automated systems for managing the therapeutic and prophylactic work]. AB - Automated medical systems present one of most important aid for population screening and control over the therapeutic and preventive measures undertaken by polyclinic. Analysis of possibilities offered by the introduction of the computer technique shows the advisability of employing the systems with large and small computers as computing centers for cooperative use to provide service for many polyclinics. More efficient appear the systems with a micro-computer or microprocessors. PMID- 7207100 TI - [Role of polygraphs in the overall equipping of functional diagnostic departments]. PMID- 7207101 TI - [VK-30-1 and VK-75-1 steam medical sterilizers]. PMID- 7207102 TI - [Diagnostic devices and monitoring systems of the Tesla National Enterprise]. PMID- 7207103 TI - [Biocybernetics and biomedical technology in Poland]. PMID- 7207104 TI - [System of technical facilities for equipping the anesthesiologist's work place in the operating room]. AB - The authors proved the advisability of complex technical provision for certain functional cycles, or parts of medical technological process. The example given is a modification of working place for anesthesiologist at the operating theatre. Principle and additional devices included in the complex are specified. PMID- 7207105 TI - [Psychiatric aspects of patients in chronic hemodialysis: a psychometric personality test]. PMID- 7207106 TI - [Ambulatory care in psychiatry: remarks on statistics and practical considerations in the period 1970--1978]. PMID- 7207107 TI - [Drug addicts and hospitals: psychodynamic considerations]. PMID- 7207109 TI - [The action of ethanol on cerebral catecholamine levels]. PMID- 7207108 TI - [A catamnestic study of a group of alcoholics for a period of 1 year after discharge from the Trieste Psychiatric Clinic]. PMID- 7207110 TI - [Indication of stereopsychic quality]. PMID- 7207111 TI - [Experience in treating a group of alcoholics: preliminary notes after 6 months of treatment]. PMID- 7207112 TI - [The application of Spitzer's Mental Status Schedule in a sample of patients with dysthymic disorders]. PMID- 7207113 TI - [Treatment of breast cancer. A comparison between postoperative radiotherapy and long-term iscador treatment following conservative radical mastectomy]. PMID- 7207114 TI - [Ectopic intrapelvic kidney papilla]. PMID- 7207115 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determination in the bile in malignant obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 7207117 TI - [Epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria syndrome]. PMID- 7207116 TI - [Clinical significance of routine serum CEA determination in postoperative control in colorectal cancer]. PMID- 7207118 TI - [Experiences with tibirox in infections of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 7207119 TI - [Effect of a digestive preparation on the ability to drive a large vehicle (Double-blind study)]. PMID- 7207120 TI - [Therapy of toxic liver damage. Experiences with an essential liver preparation]. PMID- 7207121 TI - [Acceptability of Tantum Verde (a gargle solution)]. PMID- 7207122 TI - [Contraception in risk patients. Discussion]. PMID- 7207123 TI - [Doctor in conflict. The gynecologist in the power play of the present]. PMID- 7207124 TI - [Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy]. PMID- 7207125 TI - [Utilization of a new biliary contrast medium in ambulatory care]. PMID- 7207126 TI - [Spinal epidural hematoma and anticoagulation treatment]. PMID- 7207127 TI - [Behavior of serum acid phosphatases following specific immunotherapy of metastasizing prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 7207128 TI - [Long-term therapy of chronic recurring pyelonephritis with Sterinor in various dosages]. PMID- 7207129 TI - [Social aspects of physician prescribing behavior (I)]. PMID- 7207130 TI - [Treatment of therapy-resistant ascites in liver cirrhosis with the LeVeen shunt]. PMID- 7207131 TI - [Influence of D-penicillamine on the connective tissue of the liver]. PMID- 7207132 TI - [Liver copper determination in long-term treatment of Wilson's disease with D penicillamine]. PMID- 7207133 TI - [Hepatitis B hospital infections]. PMID- 7207134 TI - [Clinical-chemical activity diagnosis in liver fibrosis]. PMID- 7207135 TI - [Cellular autoimmune reactions in inflammatory liver diseases]. PMID- 7207136 TI - [Modern aspects of acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7207137 TI - [Drug therapy dosage in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 7207138 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 7207139 TI - [The question of hepato-pulmonary correlations]. PMID- 7207140 TI - [Toxic liver damage in connection with inhalation anesthesia]. PMID- 7207141 TI - [Intraoperative biliary tract lesions]. PMID- 7207143 TI - [Hemangioma of the striated muscles]. PMID- 7207142 TI - [Problems of glycoside therapy in kidney insufficiency and uremia]. PMID- 7207144 TI - [Diagnostic considerations in serious congenital malformation]. PMID- 7207145 TI - [Various therapeutic methods in the use of corticoids]. PMID- 7207146 TI - [New aspects in rheumatism therapy. Experiences with a sitosterin preparation in chronic polyarthritis]. PMID- 7207147 TI - [Social aspects of physician prescribing behavior (II)]. PMID- 7207148 TI - [What value do modern procedures have in the treatment of psoriasis?]. PMID- 7207149 TI - ["Cardiac insufficiency" in pregnant patients while reclining. Clinical aspects and physiopathology of the vena cava occlusion syndrome]. PMID- 7207150 TI - [Acupuncture treatment in psoriasis]. PMID- 7207151 TI - [Examinations of rat brains following ischemic and intravenous heparin administration]. PMID- 7207152 TI - [Therapy of postoperative anemia in gynecology. Experience with a ferrosuccinate multi-vitamin drug]. PMID- 7207153 TI - [Interaction studies using catapresan depot perlongette and a sialogenous drug]. PMID- 7207154 TI - [Two-year study on incidence of ulcer recurrence following proglumide therapy. A comparative study]. PMID- 7207155 TI - [Problems in testing new drugs in the hospital and general practice (phase III)]. PMID- 7207156 TI - [The efficacy of new drugs after their introduction]. PMID- 7207157 TI - [Patient compliance as a partial problem in drug therapy]. PMID- 7207158 TI - [Current problems in drug therapy in children. Drug interactions, age-dependent changes in pharmacokinetic data, recommendations for dosage]. PMID- 7207159 TI - [Drug dosage in the aged]. PMID- 7207160 TI - [Pharmacological basis for drug interactions]. PMID- 7207161 TI - [Examples of clinically relevant drug interactions]. PMID- 7207162 TI - [Can adverse drug effects be prevented by monitoring their blood level?]. PMID- 7207163 TI - [Homeopathy not antagonistic but cooperative]. PMID- 7207164 TI - [Acquired factor XIII deficiency and clinical surgery]. PMID- 7207165 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum after lavage without perforation of a hollow organ]. PMID- 7207166 TI - [Intra-arterial therapy as a main supplemental or mono-therapy in arterial angiopathies. Studies and results of 35 years]. PMID- 7207167 TI - [The reliability of thallium-201 scintigraphy and two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of infarct scars]. PMID- 7207168 TI - [Effect of bezafibrate on the carbohydrate metabolism of 17 diabetics with hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 7207169 TI - [The drug scene]. PMID- 7207170 TI - [Incidence of hepatic changes in relation to the isoniazid acetylator phenotype]. PMID- 7207171 TI - An electrophysiological investigation of the skeletal muscle in spinocerebellar ataxia. PMID- 7207172 TI - [Intake of iodine-enriched salt. Excretion of urinary iodine in Rosario and Bahia Blanca residents]. PMID- 7207173 TI - Hemodynamic profile of established hypertension. PMID- 7207174 TI - Nephron sites of increased water and sodium reabsorption in chronic experimental cirrhosis. PMID- 7207175 TI - [Severe accidental hypothermia. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 7207176 TI - [Prolonged febrile syndrome and its neurologic picture]. PMID- 7207177 TI - [Hypothesis for a graduate school of medicine]. PMID- 7207178 TI - [Authorization of the Medical Residency Law]. PMID- 7207179 TI - [Time of life and cardiac murmurs]. PMID- 7207180 TI - [The history of science vs the history of medicine]. PMID- 7207181 TI - [IgM nephropathy?]. PMID- 7207182 TI - [Avascular bone necrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7207183 TI - [Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Clinicopathological study]. PMID- 7207184 TI - [Hepatitis with bridging formation in children]. PMID- 7207185 TI - A comparative study of the normal silent period in muscles of the upper and lower limbs. PMID- 7207186 TI - [Stimulation of lipid peroxidation and ultrastructural changes induced by nifurtimox in mammalian tissue]. PMID- 7207187 TI - Enhanced natriuretic response after hypertonic NaCl infusion into splanchnic area of anesthetized dogs. PMID- 7207188 TI - [Airway obstruction as the manifestation of multiple myeloma]. PMID- 7207189 TI - [Aortic valve prosthesis, fever and uremia]. PMID- 7207190 TI - [Myotonias]. PMID- 7207191 TI - [Polyamines and cancer]. PMID- 7207192 TI - [The myotonias]. PMID- 7207193 TI - [Cholecystokinin, a cerebro-intestinal peptide]. PMID- 7207194 TI - [Pathology of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7207195 TI - [The spectre of alveolar hypoventilation]. PMID- 7207196 TI - Effects of hydrochlorothiazide and dietary sodium restriction on calcium metabolism in corticosteroid treated patients. AB - The effect of treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and dietary sodium restriction on calcium economy in glucocorticoid-treated patients was investigated. Fractional 47Ca intestinal absorption (FCaA) and fractional urinary calcium excretion (FCaEx) were measured in six normal individuals and in ten patients receiving glucocorticoids for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease before and after 60 days of treatment with a 50 mEq sodium diet and HCT 50 mg twice daily. FCaA was significantly decreased on glucocorticoid-treated patients (27.5 +/- 4.3%) when compared to normal individuals (41.8 +/- 2.8%, p less than 0.005). A significant increase in FCaA to 38.9 +/- 4.8%, (P less than .05) was seen in glucocorticoid-treated patients after treatment with HCT and dietary sodium restriction. Baseline FCaEx was higher in glucocorticoid-treated patients than in the normal subjects. A significant decrease in FCaEx after dietary sodium restriction and thiazide administration occurred in both normal (0.99 +/- 0.28% before vs. 0.69 +/- 0.30% after; p less than .025) and glucocorticoid-treated patients (1.46 +/- 0.19% before vs. 0.73 +/- 0.13% after p; less than 0.025). These data suggest that dietary sodium restriction and HCT therapy may improve total body calcium economy in glucocorticoid-treated patients by increasing intestinal calcium absorption and decreasing urinary calcium excretion. PMID- 7207197 TI - Compartmental body composition of cancer patients by measurement of total body nitrogen, potassium, and water. AB - Quantitative measurement was made of body composition in patients with several forms of neoplastic disease. Total body nitrogen was determined by means of the prompt gamma neutron activation technique; total body potassium was measured with the use of a whole body counter. The mass and protein content of the muscle compartment and nonmuscle lean tissue were estimated by application of the technique of compartmental analysis. Total body water, determined simultaneously with the use of tritium label, provided a measure of lean body mass. From these data, the body fat can be inferred. The prompt gamma neutron activation and whole body counting techniques represent a considerable advance over the balance and radioisotope techniques used in earlier studies. The new techniques make possible sequential studies over prolonged periods of time with a considerable degree of accuracy. The loss of body weight by patients with solid tumors consisted primarily of the loss of muscle mass and body fat. Even in severe wasting, the patients appear to retain significant amounts of body fat. It is the skeletal muscle which is predominantly lost; the visceral life-supporting system is, to a considerable extent, spared. The nonmuscle tissue including the visceral fraction did not change in this study, and actually appeared to increase in size when comparison was made with the normal contrast population. The loss of total body water was slight in the cancer patients studied. PMID- 7207198 TI - Uptake and metabolism of free cyanocobalamin by cultured human fibroblasts from controls and a patient with transcobalamin II deficiency. AB - We have investigated the uptake and metabolism of free cyanocobalamin (CN-Cbl; vitamin B12) by intact cultured human skin fibroblasts. Monolayers of control fibroblasts take up free CN-[57Co]Cbl via a saturable, calcium-independent process that is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, inhibitors of protein synthesis, and inhibitors of electron transport, but not by inhibitors of glycolysis. CN-Cbl taken up in this manner is converted to active cobalamin (Cbl) coenzymes (adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin) and becomes associated with intracellular Cbl-dependent apoenzymes (methylmalonyl CoA mutase and homocysteine:methyltetrahydrofolate methyltransferase). Since fibroblasts from controls were also found to synthesize transcobalamin II (TC II), a plasma protein shown previously to facilitate the cellular uptake of Cbl, it seemed possible that the observed uptake of free CN-Cbl was TC II-mediated. This thesis was rejected by demonstrating that cells from a patient with complete TC II deficiency took up free CN-Cbl as well as control cells did. Finally, we propose a mechanism by which an uptake process for free Cbl might serve a function in intracellular metabolism of Cbl. PMID- 7207199 TI - Thyroid hormones and lipolysis in physically trained rats. AB - In rats a single bout of exercise resulted in increased triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine/reverse triiodothyronine (T3/rT3) ratio 20 hr after exercise. The effect of norepinephrine on lipolysis in vitro was potentiated. In trained rats no changes were found in T4, T3, or rT3 concentrations. The T3/rT3 ratio as well as basal and stimulated TSH concentrations decreased in comparison with sedentary, freely eating rats. Moderate food restriction to produce a body weight similar to that of trained animals caused no changes in T4, T3, or rT3 concentrations but caused a decrease in T3/rT3 and in TSH levels. Training and moderate food restriction groups were not different. T3 in vitro caused a potentiation of catecholamine induced lipolysis in trained and food-restricted animals. With aging the serum concentration of T3 decreased and that of rT3 increased. Acute and chronic exercise both exert an effect on peripheral hormonal responses of lipolysis, while they have different and opposite effects on thyroid hormone concentrations. Physical training seems to have effects in this regard similar to those of moderate energy intake restriction. The results suggest that changes in peripheral effects of thyroid hormones during training should attract more attention. PMID- 7207200 TI - Metabolic response to starvation. I. Relative effects of pregnancy and sex steroid administration in the rat. AB - Increased sensitivity to a fast with rapid onset of ketosis, hypoalaninemia, and hypoglycemia is characteristic of rat and human gestation. The present study examines the role of sex steroids in the development of these metabolic changes. Subgroups of female rate received 10 microgram of estradiol (E), 10 mg of progesterone (P), or the two in combination (E + P) s.c. daily for 5 days. Control rats (C) received sesame oil alone. Different groups were starved 12, 24 and 48 hr during days 4 and 5 or treatment. Plasma substrate and insulin responses were measured and compared to results of similar studies performed on rats in late gestation. Administration of E or P along had no significant effects on measured parameters as compared to control values. However, the combined E + P regimen resulted in significantly higher ketonemia, greater hypoalaninemia, and relatively higher triglyceride concentrations than in control groups during fasting. Plasma triglyceride, free fatty acid, and ketone concentrations in the pregnant group exceeded values of both the E + P and control animals. However, plasma free fatty acids in the E + P group were significantly lower as compared to control values during starvation. These data suggest that the combined effects of estradiol and progesterone enhance ketogenesis and hypoalaninemia independent of the fetal-placental unit during starvation in pregnancy. Since the ketogenic effect was associated with a relative suppression of plasma free fatty acids, this may be indicative of a direct action of these hormones on hepatic disposition of free fatty acids and/or the biosynthetic pathways for ketone body production. PMID- 7207201 TI - Metabolic response to starvation. II. Effects of sex steroid administration to pre- and postmenopausal women. AB - Premenopausal women become more ketotic than do men during short term starvation. The possible influence of female sex steroids on ketosis during an 84-hr fast was studied in premenopausal women receiving combined oral contraceptive steroids. The results were compared to age and weight-matched women on no steroid birth control regimen. Although concentrations of several plasma substrates, insulin, and glucagon were measured throughout the fast, no differences between groups were observed with the exception of the 36-hr interval. At this time total plasma ketones and betahydroxybutyrate were significantly higher in women receiving oral contraceptives. In a second study six postmenopausal women were investigated in a similar fashion during a 36-hr fast. The procedure was repeated following a 5 day treatment regimen of oral estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate. After sex steroid treatment, total plasma ketones and betahydroxybutyrate concentrations exceeded control values significantly at 36 hr while plasma alanine and free fatty acid levels were significantly lower. The results suggest that oral estrogen-progestin combinations increase the ketogenic response of pre- and postmenopausal women during the early phases of total starvation. This hormonal effect may explain, in part, why women are more sensitive to fasting than are men. PMID- 7207202 TI - Analysis of lipids and endothelial and smooth muscle cells of umbilical cord in familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia. AB - Umbilical cord lipids from a familial hypercholesterolemia homozygote were extracted and quantitated. Free cholesterol was increased 26% and esterified cholesterol was increased 379% compared to normal, whereas phospholipid content was not altered. Analysis of homozygote umbilical artery revealed no excess cholesterol and the vessels were histologically normal. Thus, in the homozygote cord, accumulation of cholesterol occurs first in Wharton's jelly, the hypocellular glycosaminoglycan-enriched cord matrix. Skin fibroblasts, umbilical vein endothelial cells, and umbilical vein smooth muscle cells were cultured from the homozygote. Low density lipoprotein receptor activity was reduced to 9%-38% of normal in all cell types from the homozygote, demonstrating that vessel cells express the LDL, receptor defect seen in skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7207203 TI - The determination of glycosylated hemoglobins in rats using high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Glycosylated hemoglobins (GHb) or fast hemoglobins (FH) are minor components of hemoglobin that so far have been quantified in men, monkeys, and mice, and they are elevated in diabetic subjects of all these species. Since the rat is a useful model for experimental diabetic studies, hemolysates from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were analyzed for FH fractions using a high pressure liquid chromatography method. In a long-term study (3 mo), the maximal increment of the FH fractions was achieved after 5 wk of diabetes (from 5.67% +/- 0.41% SD to 10.80% +/- 0.74%) supporting the notion that the biosynthesis of these compounds occurs continuously during the lifespan of the red cell. In a short-term study, however, an elevation of the FH by 11% after 2 days and by 26% after 6 days of diabetes was noticed suggesting that a rapid increase of the FH may occur in relation to rapid changes of the glucose level. PMID- 7207204 TI - Predominant T3 synthesis in the metastatic thyroid carcinoma in a patient with T3 toxicosis. AB - A metastatic mixed papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma synthesizing predominantly triiodothyronine (T3) producing thyrotoxicosis is described. There was a concentration of 131I in numerous masses on the lung as well as a mass in the neck. BMR was +38%. Serum T4, T3-RU and T3 were 6.6 microgram/100 ml, 35.1% and 9.0 ng/ml, respectively. Serum TSH was not detectable and was not increased by the injection of 500 microgram of synthetic TRH. Decompressive surgery, performed while the patient was receiving no thyroid medication, yielded tumor tissue for chemical analysis. The mass measured 4.5 cm X 4.0 cm X 3.0 cm. The normal thyroid tissue was found to be atrophic. Sedimentation pattern of the soluble protein revealed a small peak at 18 S without a 27 S peak, suggesting an accelerated hydrolysis of thyroglobulin (Tg). Both the Tg content of the tumor and the degree of iodination of the Tg were low, 0.53% (based on wet weight of tissue) and 0.07%, respectively. DIT-I, MIT-I, T4-I, and T3-I in hydrolysate of the tumor tissue were 17.8%, 29.1%, 7.1%, and 41.7%, respectively. Therefore, the high T3 in the serum in this case seems to arise mainly from the cancer tissue. Possible mechanisms for this predominant T3 production are discussed. PMID- 7207205 TI - Increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol in obstructive pulmonary disease (predominant emphysematous type). PMID- 7207206 TI - Effect of a high carbohydrate diet on apoprotein-B catabolism in man. AB - We have previously demonstrated that while VLDL-TG production increased in subjects fed high CHO diets, VLDL apo-B production did not change. To further define the effects of high CHO diets on apo-B metabolism in man, we studied the catabolism of this apoprotein in VLDL, IDL, and LDL in three hypertriglyceridemic subjects during control and high CHO diets. 125I-VLDL was injected intravenously into subjects and 18 blood samples obtained over the following 48-hr period. VLDL, IDL, and LDL were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation at each time point and the specific radioactivity of apo-B in each lipoprotein class was determined. A multicompartmental analysis was utilized to analyze the three radioactivity curves obtained in each study. The major change in apo-B catabolism during the high CHO diet involved the conversion of VLDL apo-B to LDL apo-B. During the control diet, 40%--62% of VLDL apo-B was converted to LDL apo-B while during the high CHO period, only 16%--42% of VLDL apo-B was converted to LDL. The reduction in conversion resulted from two separate processes. First, direct catabolism of VLDL apo-B without conversion to higher density lipoprotein classes increased during the high CHO diet. Second, although during the control period approximately 25% of VLDL apo-B was converted directly to LDL apo-B (without passing through the IDL density range), essentially no VLDL apo-B degradation occurred via this route during the high CHO period. Thus, although the rate of VLDL apo-B secretion into plasma was the same during both diet periods, significant alterations in the routes of catabolism of apo-B occurred on the high CHO diet. PMID- 7207207 TI - Exogenous estrogens attenuate dietary hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in the rabbit. AB - The effect of exogenous estrogens upon the response to dietary cholesterol was tested in New Zealand White rabbits. Cholesterol-fed, untreated rabbits had a 10 fold increase in plasma cholesterol in 12 wk. The major increase of cholesterol occurred in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL, 43.5-fold) followed by intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL, 26-fold) and low density lipoproteins (LDL, 6-fold) with no change in high density lipoproteins (HDL). These diet induced changes were markedly attenuated in the estrogen treated animals, in whom plasma cholesterol increased only 5-fold. This increase was distributed among LDL (6-fold), IDL (7.5-fold), and VLDL (9-fold), similarly with no change in HDL. All the lipoproteins in both groups of animals were considerably enriched in cholesterol during cholesterol feeding as indicated by a high cholesterol/protein and cholesterol/triglyceride ration. However, these ratios were lower in estrogen treated animals. There were no differences in the feed consumption, body weight or cholesterol absorption between the two groups of animals. Rabbits fed a cholesterol-rich diet but not treated with estrogen had well developed lesions in all parts of the aorta with higher content of cholesterol and phospholipids as compared to those injected with estrogen, whose aortas were completely clear of visible atherosclerosis. Equivalent total hypercholesterolemia was induced in other estrogen-treated rabbits by feeding twice the cholesterol dietary content (0.2%) as in nonestrogen-treated animals. Aortic atherosclerosis was far more evident in the latter, which had higher proportions of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins of d less than 1.006 g/ml. PMID- 7207208 TI - Estrogen-induced increase in uptake of cholesterol-rich very low density lipoproteins in perfused rabbit liver. AB - A nonrecirculating rabbit liver perfusion system was developed to test whether estrogen increases hepatic uptake of radio-iodinated normal and/or cholesterol rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL, d less than 1.006 g/ml) from cholesterol-fed rabbits. When equal concentrations of VLDL protein from normal rabbits and from cholesterol-fed rabbits were perfused together through the same liver, there was a selectively higher (1.4-fold) uptake of cholesterol-rich VLDL. These particles were rich in apolipoprotein E, and the radioactivity bound to this apolipoprotein was selectively removed by the perfused normal rabbit liver relative to its uptake of apolipoproteins B and C. When livers from estrogen treated rabbits were perfused under identical conditions as normal livers and with the same lipoproteins, the uptake of cholesterol-rich VLDL was increased by 76%, compared with 21% for normal VLDL. PMID- 7207209 TI - A quantitative study of human fat transplants in obese nude mice and their lean littermates. AB - Human fat cells from lean donors enlarge on transplantation into obese nude mice (genotype ob/ob nu/nu). On transplantation into lean nude mice human fat cells do not change significantly in size, even though they are much larger than mouse fat cells. PMID- 7207210 TI - A physiologic role for the esterified cholesterol transfer protein: in vivo studies in rabbits and pigs. AB - The observation that pig plasma is deficient in esterified cholesterol transfer activity has been exploited in an attempt to establish an in vivo role for the esterified cholesterol transfer protein. The plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) of pigs and also of rabbits (a species known to possess an active esterified cholesterol transfer protein) were labeled with 3H in the esterified cholesterol moiety and with 125I in the apoprotein moieties and reinjected into the respective species. In both rabbits and pigs, the removal of 125I from the recipient HDL fraction was parallel to that from the whole plasma, with negligible 125I appearing in other plasma lipoprotein fractions. In the pig, the removal of esterified 3H-cholesterol from the recipient HLD was very similar to that of 125I; there was only minimal appearance in other lipoproteins. In the rabbit, however, there was a major in vivo transfer of esterified 3H-cholesterol from HDL to other fractions. It has been concluded that an active esterified cholesterol transfer protein is probably necessary to achieve the in vivo transfer of esterified cholesterol from HDL to other plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 7207211 TI - Kinetic analysis of iodine and thyroxine metabolism in "hot" thyroid nodules. PMID- 7207212 TI - Postmenopausal hot flushes: a disorder of thermoregulation. AB - The changes in cutaneous and body temperature and cutaneous conductance during hot flushes in eight postmenopausal women were studied. The vasomotor changes occurred approx. 45 sec after the patients experienced the initial subjective symptoms of the attacks. The rise in skin conductance appeared to be a more reliable index of the flushing episode than did the change in skin temperature. On the basis of the changes recorded it is suggested that the hot flush syndrome may represent a specific thermoregulatory disorder rather than being due to a non specific central autonomic discharge. The episodes may be triggered by a neuroendocrine imbalance following the disruption of ovarian function and fall in estrogen production. In assessing the frequency and severity of hot flushes, and the effects of treatment, objective measurements of skin and core temperature and skin conductance should replace subjective criteria. PMID- 7207213 TI - Age-related glucose metabolism alterations in nondiabetic and potentially diabetic women. AB - The incidence of pathological glucose tolerance was investigated in women of three age groups: 20--39, 40--59 and over 60 yr, by means of oral glucose tolerance tests and the Danowski Index. The incidence was found to be significantly higher in older women: thus an age-related deterioration of glucose metabolism was confirmed. The women in each are group were further divided into "healthy" nondiabetic and "potentially diabetic" women. The parameter of "potential diabetes" was found to be associated to a greater extent with age related glucose tolerance deterioration than advancing age alone. The existing theories for the etiology of carbohydrate metabolism alteration in older women are reviewed. it is suggested that in view of the age-related deterioration of glucose metabolism, a new normal range of glucose tolerance should be established in an ageing population. PMID- 7207214 TI - Soft-tissue measurements at the index finger in postmenopausal women on long-term oestrogen treatment. AB - Measurements of the soft-tissue at the index finger on X-rays were made in 33 women after a natural menopause and who were on a long-term oestrogen replacement therapy for at least 5 yr. The data were compared with values obtained in an age sex matched control group. The oestrogen treated women had a soft-tissue thickness (total finger width minus phalanx width) significantly smaller than the control group. The soft-tissue index (the ratio width of the phalanx to the total finger width) was significantly larger than expected. The soft-tissue values observed in the oestrogen treated subjects correspond to those observed in premenopausal women. PMID- 7207215 TI - Divorce at midlife: psychic dangers of the liminal period. Part I. Empirical considerations. AB - The literature suggests that those in the second half of life may be more vulnerable to the traumas associated with divorce. In this paper a rites of passage model derived from anthropology was used to help explicate their greater vulnerability. The focus was on liminality, a quality of ambiguity and disconnectedness in life often manifest when persons are leaving the married state but are not as yet divorced. The subjects were newly-separated men and women aged 20--26. When indicators of liminality were quantified, it was found that they were strongly associated with maladaptation, and that the middle aged subjects showed evidence of greater liminality than was the case with younger respondents. PMID- 7207216 TI - Plasma levels of ethinyl oestradiol and norgestrel during hormone replacement therapy. AB - Plasma levels of levonorgestrel and ethinyl oestradiol were estimated in six women who took part in a double blind cross-over trial of hormone replacement therapy. Over a 12 mth period, each woman received each of the following oral drugs for 3 mth: ethinyl oestradiol 50 microgram, levonorgestrel 250 microgram, combination of ethinyl oestradiol 50 microgram and levonorgestrel 250 microgram (Nordiol), and placebo. Plasma samples were collected at 2, 8 and 26 h after morning medication each month. Plasma levels of norgestrel were increased when ethinyl oestradiol was added in the form of the combined preparation "Nordiol". The addition of ethinyl oestradiol to norgestrel therapy also resulted in significant differences between patients in the plasma norgestrel levels. There was approximately a three-fold difference between individuals in the plasma levels of ethinyl oestradiol achieved on the same fixed dose. No simple relationship was evident between plasma levels of norgestrel or ethinyl oestradiol and any of the clinical features measured. PMID- 7207217 TI - Sex hormone status of the postmenopausal woman. AB - Plasma levels of testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate, and of androstenediol, as well as estrone and estradiol, were determined in several groups of postmenopausal women. The ovaries contribute to plasma estrogen levels only early in the postmenopause, but continue to secrete testosterone and minimal amounts of androstenedione throughout the postmenopause. With age there is a decreased secretion by the adrenal of dehydroepiandrosterone (sulphate) and of androstenediol. The levels of androstenedione and estrone and the androstenedione/estrone ratio remain unchanged with increasing age. The levels of estrone and estradiol, and the ratios, estrone/androstenedione and estradiol/testosterone, are correlated with fat mass. There is also an inverse curvilinear relationship with precursor concentration. This suggests either a progressive saturation of the tissular aromatase with increasing percursor level, or the existence of an unknown estrogen precursor. PMID- 7207218 TI - Effects of 4 mg estradiol valerianate on serum lipids in newly oophorectomized women. AB - The material consisted of 32 patients, 12 of whom were selected for control. All were cases approaching the menopause and had been subject to oophorectomia bilateralis and hysterectomia for myomas. All 20 investigation patients received estradiol valerianate orally 4 mg/day of 6 mth. During the course the serum estradiol level increased 5--6-fold from the postmenopausal levels. No significant changes occurred in the serum triglycerides and total cholesterol, whereas in the control group the triglycerides decreased. The proportional concentration of beta-lipoproteins decreased. There was also a slight decrease in the pre-beta-lipoproteins. The proportional concentration of beta-lipoproteins increased, as also serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In the liver enzymes no changes occurred. Blood pressure increased in one patient. There were no other complications. PMID- 7207219 TI - Regulation of cellulase synthesis in Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. AB - A mesophilic anaerobe, Acetivibrio cellulolyticus, isolated from a cellulose enrichment culture, degraded cellulose by the secretion of cellulolytic enzymes into the culture medium. Both exo- and endoglucanase activities were detected and shown to be regulated by induction and catabolite repression. Endoglucanase synthesis was induced by cellulose, cellobiose and salicin. Synthesis induced during growth on cellobiose was inhibited, although not completely repressed by glucose. Exoglucanase activity was enhanced when cells were grown on insoluble or soluble poly beta-glucoside polymers. Activity was progressively inhibited by supplementing microcrystalline substrates with increasing amounts of cellobiose. PMID- 7207220 TI - A new histochemical method for demonstration of sulfhydryl groups. AB - This paper described a new histochemical method for the detection of sulfhydryl groups in tissue specimens using 2,6-dichloroquinone chloroimide G.R. (Merck) after the reduction of its chloride groups of sodium thiosulfate. Ths proposed mechanism of the reaction, the procedures and the histological applications are described. PMID- 7207221 TI - Leukocyte adherence in arterioles following extravascular tissue trauma. PMID- 7207222 TI - Lymphatic transport pathways during volume expansion. PMID- 7207223 TI - Influence of vascular and transpulmonary pressures on the functional morphology of the pulmonary microcirculation. PMID- 7207224 TI - Muscle blood flow disturbances produced by simultaneously elevated venous and total muscle tissue pressure. PMID- 7207225 TI - Relative hematocrit in human skin capillaries and its relation to capillary blood flow velocity. PMID- 7207226 TI - Participation of the arterial and portal drainage in the calculation of total hepatic blood flow in guinea pigs. PMID- 7207227 TI - The distensibility of single capillaries and venules in the cat mesentery. PMID- 7207228 TI - Studies on microcirculation in Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. PMID- 7207229 TI - Aspirin and indomethacin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents alter the responses to microvascular injury in brain and mesentery. PMID- 7207230 TI - Landis Award lecture. Questions and signposts in microvascular research. PMID- 7207231 TI - The role of unstirred layers for water exchange across the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 7207232 TI - Can Indium-113m be used to measure the transcapillary escape rate of transferrin? PMID- 7207233 TI - Circulatory responses of malignant tumors during hyperthermia. PMID- 7207234 TI - Ultrastructural changes of the air--blood barrier after spontaneous development of edema in isolated dog lungs perfused at 15 degrees. PMID- 7207235 TI - Morphological response of blood platelets to increased venular permeability in vivo. PMID- 7207236 TI - Transport of protein across lymphatic endothelium in the rat kidney. PMID- 7207238 TI - Outlook good for hospice legislation. PMID- 7207237 TI - Role of the myogenic response in exercise hyperemia. PMID- 7207239 TI - New data show number, location, specialty of Michigan physicians. PMID- 7207240 TI - Research, improved care lowering Reye's Syndrome death rate. PMID- 7207241 TI - Detroit Medical Society voice of black physicians. PMID- 7207242 TI - Appeals Courts decision reverses former minors' contraceptive position. PMID- 7207243 TI - Michigan physician horrified by "second holocaust" in Cambodia. PMID- 7207244 TI - Michigan department of social services ranks leading diagnoses among refugees. PMID- 7207245 TI - Refugees in America suffer from loss of community. PMID- 7207247 TI - MDPAC earns good batting average in 1980 general elections. PMID- 7207246 TI - Wayne County Medical Society pleased so far with geographic, hospital staff focus. PMID- 7207248 TI - Michigan physicians and the GMENAC report. PMID- 7207250 TI - Is the GMENAC report important, valid? PMID- 7207249 TI - Michigan MDs who served on GMENAC call it a rewarding experience. PMID- 7207251 TI - Senator Irwin's interested in health care of the aged. Interview by William Weddon. PMID- 7207252 TI - Expert witnesses can shape standards of care. PMID- 7207253 TI - [Blattabacterium in the fat body of the Maritime Territory relic roach, Cryptocercus relictus]. AB - Rod-like symbiotic bacteria in the fat body of the cockroach Cryptocercus relictus have a thin cell wall of the Gram-positive type; the nucleoplasm in "diffuse". The septum connected with a massive mesosome is formed during cell division. The bacteria in the host cells are surrounded will several host membranes. For tens of millions of years. Cryptocercus relictus has been developing in the conditions of entire geographical isolation, but the morphology of its Blattabacterium is similar to that of the symbionts of other cockroaches examined. This gives evidence to the conservative nature of the cockroach- bacterial symbiosis. PMID- 7207254 TI - [Correlation of the basic growth parameters of microorganisms in the presence of surface-active substances]. AB - The object of this work was to study the effect of the nature of surfactants on the solubility of oxygen in the cultural broth. A correlation was established between the concentration of a surfactant and the concentration of dissolved oxygen, the specific rate of growth and the activity of dehydrogenases. Apparently, the biological action of surfactants on the parameters of growth of the yeast Candida tropicalis K-14 in the process of fermentation should be attributed to the formation of micelles. PMID- 7207255 TI - [Intrinsic luminescence of Pichia guilliermondii in the growth process]. AB - Intrinsic luminescence of Pichia guilliermondii cells was registered during the whole cycle of their growth on the solid medium using a device for measuring superweak luminescence equipped with a photomultiplier sensitive in the UV region (quantum yield about 25%), provided the temperature of the object and that of PM were equal. PMID- 7207256 TI - [Population dynamics and structures of Streptomyces lanatus in 2 soil types]. AB - The dynamics and structure(mycelium--spores) of a population of the soil actinomycete Streptomyces lanatus 21-5 were studied in two types of nonsterile soil using the technique of inoculation on solid growth media in combination with autofluorescence, heat treatment of the culture, and addition of antibiotics, when the population was introduced into soil at a level of density close to the natural one. The dynamics of the population was found to depend on the form (spores or mycelium) in which it was introduced into soil. The population was shown to be stabilized at different levels of density in various types of soil at an identical level of inoculation. The population was found to behave differently in various types of soil. The population was represented in soils preferentially by spores. The structural coefficient K changing from 0 (only mycelium) to 1 (only spores) was proposed in order to estimate quantitatively the structure of the population. PMID- 7207257 TI - [Fractionation of stable isotopes of sulfur during its oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans]. AB - The fractionation of sulfur isotopes was studied in the process of sulfur oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The isotope effect was observed at all stages of the bacterial growth during sulfur oxidation; as a result, residual sulfur became heavier whereas the fraction of colloidal sulfur and the fraction of sulfates became lighter. The isotope differences between the residual sulfur and the sulfates were greatest at the end of the lag phase (delta 34S = 0.38%) and the beginning of the stationary phase of the cultural growth (delta 34S = 0.34%). As was shown in model experiments, the phospholipids lecithin and cephalin can dissolve sulfur and form products enriched in 32S(delta 34S = -0.51 1.60%). The mechanism of oxidation of elementary sulfur by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is discussed. PMID- 7207259 TI - [Microbiological transformation of pyridine]. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the conditions for the reaction of co oxidation of pyridine by seven strains of Pseudomonas using succinic acid, glucose, and sodium salicylate and benzoate as a growth substrate. The structure of a growth substrate was shown to influence pyridine oxidation. The dependence of co-oxidation on the nature of a growth substrate seems to stem from the electron structure of substrate and cosubstrate molecules. PMID- 7207258 TI - [Thiosulfate as an intermediate product of bacterial sulfate reduction]. AB - Sulfur compounds produced at intermediate stages during transformation of sulfate to sulfide were analyzed in experiments with a culture of sulfate reducing bacteria. Small quantities of thiosulfate can accumulate in the medium at the beginning of growth of the sulfate reducing bacterium. The data are discussed and compared with the results of Chambers and Trudinger (1975) who could not detect thiosulfate in similar experiments. PMID- 7207260 TI - [Fatty acid makeup changes in the luminescent bacteria, Photobacterium mandapamensis, in periodic cultivation]. AB - The fatty acid composition of the luminescent bacterium Photobacterium mandapamensis and its spontaneous dark mutant was studied in dynamics. Lipids of the both strains extracted with a methanol -- chloroform mixture contained the following fatty acids: lauric, tridecanoic, myristic, tetradecenic, pentadecanoic, pentadecenic, palmitic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, C17 cyclopropanoic, stearic, octadecenic, and nonadecanoic. The content of palmitoleic acid was the highest (57% of the total). Not all of the acids changed their content in the same direction during batch cultivation of the luminescent and dark strains. The content of palmitoleic acid fell to 49.2% of the total in the luminescent culture at the point of its maximal luminescence, but it increased to 63.8% in the dark strain at the corresponding growth phase. PMID- 7207261 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of Penicillium roqueforti lipases]. AB - Lipase were isolated from Penicillium roqueforti 141, purified and their properties were studied. Proteins were precipitated with (NH4)2SO4 from the cultural broth of this organism, and then subjected to gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose; the procedure yielded a purified preparation consisting of three lipolytically active proteins. Disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel confirmed the homogeneity of the lipases. The molecular weights of the enzymes were 7930, 9100 and 11 420 respectively, according to the data of gel filtration through Sephadex G-150. The lipases differed in their substrate specificity. Lipase III was most active in hydrolysis of plant oils containing mainly unsaturated fatty acids. Lipase II most effectively hydrolyzed synthetic triglycerides containing saturated fatty acids, in particular, tricaproin, tricaprilin and trimyristin. Tributyrin was more actively hydrolyzed with lipase I as compared to lipases II and III. PMID- 7207262 TI - [Ultrastructure of the cell walls and septa in glucuronate-positive species of Candida]. AB - According to the ultrastructure of cell walls, glucuronate-positive species of the genus Candida include both ascomycetous organisms (C. ciferrii, C. incommunis, C. steatolytica) and basidiomycetous organisms (C. bogoriensis, C. curiosa, C. diffluens, C. javanica, C. marina). The character of budding and the structure of septa suggest that the perfect forms of glucuronate-positive ascomycetous Candida species should be looked for within the family Ascoideaceae. PMID- 7207263 TI - [Lysogeny in Bacillus thuringiensis]. AB - Different strains of several Bacillus thuringiensis serotypes were analyzed for lysogeny. All of the studied cultures released phages. Phages with an isometric capsid and a noncontractible tail were detected in preparations of the majority of the cultures. The growth of a group of related phages was limited upon lysogenization of the galleriae serotype with Tm2 phage isolated from a culture of the morrisoni serotype. The physico chemical parameters of the phages were determined. PMID- 7207264 TI - [Actinomycete formation of asporogenic secondary colonies and the properties of their isolated variants]. AB - The frequency at which asporogenic secondary colonies were produced by actinomycetes was studied during their cultivation in media conventionally used for maintaining collections. 500 collection cultures and 200 freshly isolated cultures belonging mainly to the series Cinereus of the genus Streptomyces were screened. Plicate secondary colonies having 1--3 mm in diameter and lacking aerial mycelium and spores were found above the surface of the arterial mycelium very rarely in the studied actinomycetes: these were detected only in 19 cultures growing for 7--14 days. Stable asporogenic (devoid of aerial mycelium and spores) variants were isolated from the secondary colonies of five cultures. The properties of the asporogenic variants were compared with those of the sporulating parent cultures. The asporogenic variants were characterized by the absence of certain pigments, the assimilation of individual carbon sources, and a lower growth rate. Instead of LL-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) contained in the cell wall of the parent culture, meso-DAP was found in the cell wall of the asporogenic variant of Streptomyces galilaeus INA 5888. PMID- 7207265 TI - [Growth characteristics of polylysogenic culture of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies galleriae in a chemostat]. PMID- 7207267 TI - [Nitrogen fixation productivity in the plant phyllosphere]. AB - The dynamics of nitrogen fixation was studied in the phyllosphere of birch and timothy, and the productivity of the process within the vegetation period was determined on the basis of the study. The activity of nitrogen fixation was measured under natural conditions using the acetylene technique. A proportion is suggested which makes it possible to determine the actual activity of nitrogen fixation in the phyllosphere from the potential one. The productivity of nitrogen fixation was 7 and 10 kg of nitrogen per hectare per season for birch and timothy respectively. PMID- 7207266 TI - [Synthetic medium for Photobacterium mandapamensis luminescent bacteria]. PMID- 7207268 TI - A teachers' guide to teaching medical interviewing. AB - Success in teaching a course in medical interviewing requires competence on the part of instructors, who also need training, and have to provide a structured approach. Problems encountered by course coordinators at the Department of Family Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida have been: (1) a shortage of skilled teachers; (2) inadequate motivation of instructors for teaching the course; (3) differences in content, teacher's style, and outcomes from small groups; and (4) ambiguities in structure or guidelines provided for teachers. The development of a teacher's guide, giving specific objectives and step-by-step methods for teaching significantly improved teacher satisfaction and commitment to the course, as well as student learning. PMID- 7207269 TI - Inspection-palpation-percussion-auscultation and an outcome-oriented alternative approach to the musculoskeletal examination. AB - Thirty-two university-based doctors and sixty-seven medical students used a visual analogue scale (VAS) to estimate the usefulness of the inspection palpation-percussion-auscultation (IPPA) approach. Doctors considered IPPA less useful in the examination of the musculoskeletal system than in other systems, both in clinical practice (P less than 0.01) and as an aid in teaching (P less than 0.01). Students rated IPPA less useful in the musculoskeletal examination than in other systems as a learning aid (P less than 0.001). Based on these findings, an alternative model for physical examination of the musculoskeletal system was devised, using inspection, palpation and other clinical methods only when required to reach a diagnosis. The model focused on the outcome of the diagnostic process (aetiological, anatomical/pathophysiological and functional diagnoses) rather than on the process itself. Thirteen students taught this method found it a useful learning aid. Those familiar with both methods preferred the outcome-oriented to the IPPA method (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7207270 TI - 'Do as I say and not as I do'? An audit of clinical management in teaching compared with service work. AB - The work of five principals in a teaching general practice was audited to examine differences in prescribing, investigation and follow-up between teaching and service work over a 3-week period. The patients seen in clinical teaching were found to be representative of those consulting in normal service sessions for both morbidity and age. Some big differences in clinical management were found including a strong tendency to prescribe less but investigate and follow up more when teaching. The prescribing differences were variable between morbidity groups. It is suggested that large differences correlated with areas where the doctors were least confident in their behavior, such as the use of antibiotics for respiratory illness and the use of tranquillizers for problems without a psychological diagnosis. It is concluded that while reductions in prescribing probably reflect better patient care, increases in investigations are more for the students' benefit. PMID- 7207271 TI - An alternative model for the psychiatric clerkship. AB - Clinical clerkships in psychiatry are traditionally based on in-patient services and thus limit student exposure in the main to seriously ill psychiatric patients. Such clerkships have been criticized as having questionable relevance to the primary care careers which are increasingly selected by medical students. The present paper describes a clerkship in which half the students are taught on a traditional in-patient service while half go to a special medical-psychiatric unit. In the latter situation, medical and psychiatric patients are housed together and consultation-liaison experiences play a prominent part in the students' experience. Some comparative data are presented which suggest that the two clerkship experiences are equally satisfactory to the students. It is concluded that a psychiatric clerkship utilizing settings and experiences which are close in character to primary care is educationally feasible. PMID- 7207272 TI - Student assessment -- a cautionary tale. AB - This paper outlines part of a course evaluation which involves two objective tests based on prestated behavioural objectives. The mid-year test gave cause for satisfaction but the end-of-year examination showed a gross decline. An analysis of cognitive levels was done using Bloom's taxonomy as a basis, and it became apparent that in the end-of-year examination students were required to function at considerably higher cognitive levels. Care must obviously be taken in ensuring that examination papers accurately reflect both the skills and the cognitive levels which students are expected to attain. PMID- 7207273 TI - The construction of patient-management problems. PMID- 7207274 TI - Introducing medical students to ethical issues. PMID- 7207275 TI - In search of criteria for the assessment of medical education. AB - This paper describes results of a study to assess whether an undergraduate educational curriculum is 'relevant'. The people surveyed comprised 290 individuals involved in medical education or health service administration. They were asked to suggest five major criteria for judging whether a medical undergraduate programme is relevant or not and to say whether they felt current curricula meet these criteria. Of those sampled, 40% replied. An analysis of the data from respondents showed that medical school professors and senior administrators of health services in Australia have roughly similar expectations of the outcome of medical education. Both groups were concerned that graduates be conscious of health care requirements and costs, that they have adequate clinical skills, knowledge in medical school subjects and skill in interacting with patients and managing their continuing education. On the various dimensions examined there were frequently strong expressions of dissatisfaction with current achievements. PMID- 7207276 TI - Review of psychometric features of the Medical School Learning Environment Survey. AB - Growing concern over the stresses imposed on medical students by their undergraduate educational programme has led to a proliferation of surveys designed to measure students' global perceptions of the medical school as a learning environment. The present study aimed at a comprehensive analysis of the psychometric features of a recently-introduced questionnaire. Students at four Australian medical schools completed the Medical School Learning Environment Survey (Marshall, 1978). Data on the retest reliability, internal consistency and factorial validity of the MSLES are presented. Its potential usefulness for future evaluations within and between medical schools is discussed. PMID- 7207277 TI - The teaching of history-taking and diagnostic thinking: description of a method. AB - This paper describes the use of short videotaped doctor-patient history-taking encounters, which demonstrate the generated-hypothesis-verifying (GHV) method of enquiry. We urge that this method be taught formally to medical students, to complement the classical 'rigid' method of history taking. PMID- 7207278 TI - X- or gamma-ray leukemogenesis in humans. AB - A calculation of the probability of X-ray or gamma-ray leukemogenesis per cell in humans is made. It is assumed that the theory is of the two-hit type. The first hit damages DNA repair capability of base damage. The second hit causes derepression of a 2 repressor system. Sequential repression of gene expression occurs. Inactivation of the first repressor permits synthesis of the second which will repress the expression of the leukocyte maturation gene. The first repressor is inactivated by X-ray damage to its corresponding operator region. I have used a more realistic value of immune efficiency for the bone marrow and I have considered spontaneous leukemogenesis. Agreement with the best algebraic fit of Kellerer and Rossi for the Nagasaki victims is good. PMID- 7207279 TI - The possible effect of diazepam on cancer development and growth. AB - Diazepam has the characteristics of a tumour promoter in a number of in vitro systems. The effect is apparent at concentrations of diazepam which are clinically relevant. Diazepam also accelerated tumour growth in two different experimental animal cancers. Tranquillizer use was found to be greater in women with metastatic breast cancer at the time of diagnosis than in those without metastases. Further evaluation of the possible effects of diazepam and related drugs on human and animal cancers is urgently required. PMID- 7207280 TI - Enhanced polymorphonuclear chemotaxis - a common feature of diseases responsive to colchicine. AB - Increased chemotactic activity of peripheral polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells has been described in disease states of different etiology and may represent a common pathway in the generation of an inflammatory reaction. The suppressive effect of colchicine on PMN chemotaxis may explain its effect in apparently unrelated disorders. PMID- 7207281 TI - Pain: evolutionary background and primary stimulus. AB - The evolution of aerobic organisms required the development of oxygen sensors so the organism could avoid anoxic environments. In man these oxygen sensors are known as pain receptors. The skin pain receptor includes the epidermis and the dermal papilla with its capillary and terminal nerve. A pain stimulus such as a pin prick occludes blood flow into the papilla. The epidermal cells consume enough residual oxygen to produce a fall in oxygen tension at the nerve ending sufficient to cause the nerve to fire. The maximum time required for the oxygen drop is 0.04 seconds. PMID- 7207282 TI - Optimized mitochondrial function as a nutritional strategy in cancer immunotherapy. AB - Activated macrophages require effective mitochondrial function, but mitochondrial efficiency is jeopardized by the free radicals produced naturally in macrophage metabolism. This perspective rationalizes the well-documented immunostimulant effects of coenzyme Q and of antioxidant nutrients such as selenium, vitamin E, and manganese. More generally, the nutritional optimization of mitochondrial function is proposed as a "neo-Warburgian' approach to cancer immunotherapy. PMID- 7207283 TI - Multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica in tropical and subtropical countries. AB - Among the indigenous people of tropical countries neuromyelitis optica is more common than multiple sclerosis which is exceptionally rare. It is postulated that these diseases are the result of virus-induced defects incorporated in the myelin at the time of myelination. These defects are located in those parts of the CNS which are undergoing active myelination at the time of the virus infection. A protective factor, which is capable of abolishing the defect is produced, directly or indirectly, by solar radiation. In tropical countries this factor abolishes most of the defects but it is unable to do so in the case of neuromyelitis optica because optic nerves and some parts of the spinal cord are myelinated before infants are exposed to such protective environmental factors. In temperate climates virus infections leave defects in many parts of the CNS and, lacking exposure to the protective environmental factor, these defects slowly mature to become plaques of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7207284 TI - Hemoproteinopathy: molecular aggregation accompanying malignancy. PMID- 7207285 TI - Immunological approaches to therapy in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7207286 TI - Development and allocation of health resources in Australia. Part 1. PMID- 7207287 TI - Nutritional knowledge questionnaire. Part two. AB - An easily administered and scored test of nutritional knowledge was published in the previous issue of the Journal (December 27, 1980). The correct answers to the questionnaire are presented here. The questionnaire has been administered to 2175 subjects. The test was shown to have high reliability and criterion validity, discriminating between educational and occupational groups. There was a significant linear relationship between nutritional knowledge score and age. It is suggested that the test may be of value in the assessment of patients requiring dietetic management. PMID- 7207288 TI - Changing sociology and politics of medicine. PMID- 7207289 TI - Blood lead levels of some children in New South Wales. AB - The venous blood lead levels of 400 children under 16 years of age who lived in Port Kembla or in Cocklecreek, and of 202 patients in several New South Wales hospitals are reported and compared with criteria announced by the National Health and Medical Research Council, the European Economic Community, and the American Environmental Protection Agency. The results of this study do not show reason for concern. The samples from hospital patients stress the importance of domestic exposure, such as to flaking paint containing lead. The findings of this study are also compared with a Victorian and a New South Wales survey of schoolchildren. PMID- 7207290 TI - Obstetric factors in 171 sudden infant deaths in Tasmania, 1970--1976. AB - Obstetric events surrounding the births of 171 babies who later died from sudden infant death syndrome are reported; each death was paired with a case-control from the same hospital. Babies of mothers who were normally resident in the Hobart Metropolitan Region (but not in the rural areas of the Southern Region) suffered higher numbers of deaths, whereas there were significantly fewer deaths of babies of mothers resident in the Tamar urban urea and the Northwestern Region. Infants of mothers of over 30 years of age, of near to full term, 38 to 40 weeks' gestation, of birthweight of 2600 grams or more, who were not subjected either to short or to long duration of labour and who were initially breast-fed were at lesser risk. A wide variety of pharmaceuticals was given to the mother and baby during and after labour, but none caused any alteration of prognoses for the infants. The southern parts of the State show greater volume of administration of drugs of all types to mothers in labour, but none of these drugs had any detectable significance in regard to cot deaths. PMID- 7207291 TI - Mitral-valve prolapse: prevalence in an Australian population. AB - The prevalence of mitral-valve prolapse in 200 volunteers (100 men and 100 women) was investigated by means of a combination of clinical, phonocardiographic, and echocardiographic findings. Mitral valve prolapse was documented on M-mode echocardiography in four men and four women, giving an over-all prevalence of 4%. In addition, symptoms and electrocardiographic abnormalities, which are reported to occur more commonly in patients with mitral valve prolapse, occurred with equal frequency in the subjects with mitral valve prolapse and in those without prolapse. PMID- 7207292 TI - Cold-induced urticaria in infectious mononucleosis. AB - Cold-induced urticaria in a patient suffering from infectious mononucleosis is described. This condition was associated with the presence of cryoglobulins in the serum. To our knowledge this is the first description of cold-induced urticaria associated with infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7207293 TI - Cutaneous malignant melanoma: occupational and prognosis. AB - In Queensland and New South Wales, malignant melanoma is being diagnosed and treated at an earlier biological stage than in previous years. An analysis of 670 men treated since 1973 at Sydney Hospital indicated that recognition of and survival from melanoma varied according to occupation. Unskilled patients had a markedly worse prognosis than more skilled patients, a finding attributable, at least in part, to later presentation for treatment. We conclude that although public awareness of melanoma has increased due to continual publicity, the educational programme must be concentrated on the lower socioeconomic groups. PMID- 7207295 TI - The spread of cutaneous squamous carcinoma via cranial nerves--a warning. PMID- 7207294 TI - Genetic screening of newborn in Australia: results for 1979. AB - Since screening of newborn infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) by Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay was established in the 1960s, 2 556 498 infants have been tested in Australia. Two hundred and twenty-two cases of PKU, and five cases of the variant forms of malignant hyperphenylalaninaemia (MHPA) have been found over this period, an incidence of 1/11 516 for PKU, and 1/511 300 for MHPA. In 1979, 18 infants with PKU and one with MHPA were detected. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism was carried out in four centres, and 28 new cases were detected in 1979 (an incidence of 1/5746). PMID- 7207296 TI - Potentially serious interaction of warfarin with sulphinpyrazone. PMID- 7207297 TI - Breast augmentation by acupuncture. PMID- 7207298 TI - Prostaglandins in amyloidosis: a new concept. PMID- 7207299 TI - Ovulation method of contraception. PMID- 7207300 TI - Death from asthma. PMID- 7207301 TI - Orthomolecular medicine and megavitamin therapy. PMID- 7207302 TI - Medical reporting in the lay press. AB - Medical articles appearing in The Age during the first half of 1978 were reviewed. Thirty-three per cent were warnings or reports of adverse reactions, and 27% were reports of "new discoveries". A sample of these two groups of news items was evaluated by panels of doctors and laymen, and also assessed in the light of current literature. Results suggest that medical news items which fall into these categories may be misleading, often contain unsubstantiated claims, and present routine practice as news. PMID- 7207303 TI - Breast cancer--a possible alternative to mastectomy. PMID- 7207304 TI - Inquiry into the fluoridation of Victorian water supplies. PMID- 7207305 TI - In defence of psychiatrists. PMID- 7207306 TI - Bridging the gap. PMID- 7207308 TI - Psychiatric aspects of pain. AB - Psychological and emotional factors may determine, or greatly influence, the experience of pain. A review is presented of the concept of the pain prone patient, and the relationships between personality and pain. The importance of an understanding of the psychological meaning of pain is stressed in considering management strategies. Particular attention is directed to depression, anxiety, behavioural approaches and the placebo response. The interaction between the patient in pain and the doctor is discussed in relation to the doctor's needs. PMID- 7207307 TI - Bone-pointing: a modern entity. AB - This article seeks to create an awareness of the manner in which our society in general, albeit unconsciously, negatively influences the disease by an erroneous and unnecessarily pessimistic attitude to cancer. It is a plea for a change in our irrational beliefs about cancer, which form a striking analogy to the phenomenon of the tribal aboriginal's custom of bone-pointing. PMID- 7207309 TI - Chestcutters of the Lagaip. PMID- 7207310 TI - Modern fable: infant feeding in the developing world. PMID- 7207312 TI - Attitudes to patients who attempt suicide. AB - A survey of attitudes towards persons who attempt suicide is described. A considerable degree of non-sympathy was reported, particularly by those hospital based staff members who have initial contact with these patients, not only for personal attitude, but also for professional attitude. Although behaviour in the clinical situation cannot necessarily be assumed on the basis of expressed attitudes, these results give grounds for concern, as there are suggestions in the literature that further suicidal behaviour may be precipitated in such patients if they perceive rejection by therapists. PMID- 7207311 TI - Nutrition knowledge questionnaire: Part one. PMID- 7207313 TI - The hated patient and his hating attendants. PMID- 7207314 TI - Fetal defects and multivitamin therapy. PMID- 7207315 TI - Fenfluramine: incidence of adverse reactions. PMID- 7207318 TI - A B C of the management of cardiac arrest: 1. At the roadside. PMID- 7207316 TI - Burning feet syndrome. PMID- 7207317 TI - Australian mass disaster planning and medical professional involvement. PMID- 7207319 TI - First aid in disasters. AB - If you are first on the scene of a disaster, approach safely and liaise with police and ambulance officers. Carry out triage, identifying those victims who need urgent treatment and those who do not--because they are not ill enough, too ill or dead. Establish priorities of treatment within the urgent group in the airway (A), breathing (B), circulation (C) sequence. Record assessment and treatment given. PMID- 7207321 TI - Effects of Sydney funnel-web spider envenomation in monkeys, and their clinical implications. AB - The effects of the venom of the male Sydney funnel-web spider were studied in closely monitored monkeys, and a number of new features were observed. Excessive catecholamine release was demonstrated and linked to the development of hypertension, arrhythmias, pulmonary oedema, hyperthermia, and metabolic acidosis. Acute intracranial hypertension was found, and may partly explain the central neurological manifestations. It is believed that a neurogenic basis for pulmonary oedema may sometimes exist. Survival after massive envenomation was achieved with the use of aggressive pharmacological denervation of the motor and autonomic nervous systems. PMID- 7207322 TI - Local inactivation of funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus) venom by first-aid measures: potentially lifesaving part of treatment. AB - Venom of the male Sydney funnel-web spider was injected subcutaneously into the limbs of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), and the central movement of venom was delayed by first-aid treatment. This treatment consisted of the application of firm pressure over the site of injection and immobilization of the limb. It was found that quantities of venom as high as 2 mg were inactivated when the first aid procedures were maintained for 24 hours. Over a six-hour period, 0.5 mg of venom could be inactivated. Since the amount of venom injected by the spider into a human victim is unlikely to exceed 0.2 mg, these findings have immediate application both to the first aid and to actual medical management of human victims. PMID- 7207320 TI - Longitudinal growth study of tasmanian children. The ten-year-olds. AB - The data obtained at the 10-year examination of children in a longitudinal growth study are presented. The heights and weights of children appear to be comparable with those of children in other regions, but certain ethnic, social and economic factors as well as elapsed time have to be considered. From the percentages of overweight boys and girls at each of various years of the child's development- namely, birth, one year, three years, seven years and 10 years--it is shown that there is no one period in which children are likely to become overweight. Birth weight was found to be of minor importance in determining a child's weight at 10 years of age. Many children have wrong concepts about their own weight status. PMID- 7207323 TI - Antivenom to the venom of the male Sydney funnel-web spider Atrax robustus: preliminary report. AB - A purified rabbit IgG (antivenom) has been isolated from rabbits immunized with male Atrax robustus venom. This preparation has been shown to neutralize in vitro, male venom in a ratio of 97 microgram of IgG to 1 microgram of male venom. The venoms of a number of other members of the Atrax genus are also neutralized in vitro by this antivenom. Of particular importance is the fact that the venom of the extremely dangerous female A. formidabilis is neutralized. A serum harvest of 55 mL from an immunized rabbit yielded a total of 1.1869 g of immune IgG using the Protein A-Sepharose procedure. This quantity is sufficient antivenom to neutralize in vitro the average yield of 67 spiders. These findings suggest the preparation of an antivenom for human use is now feasible. The antivenom was shown to effectively neutralize venom in monkeys either when it was premixed with the venom before injection or when it was injected separately 10 minutes after injection of venom. This is the first time in-vitro and in-vivo neutralization of this venom has been demonstrated in the monkey. In other studies, a range of non immunized animal sera was shown to have no inherent ability to neutralize male A. robustus venom in vitro. PMID- 7207324 TI - Disaster: the helper's perspective. AB - The responses to disaster and death vary enormously, but there is much to suggest that they are not confined to those who are directly affected. The helpers, too, may be "victims" of the disaster, and it is important that their psychological needs are perceived and met. There is an indication that, if this is done, considerable psychological morbidity may be prevented. PMID- 7207325 TI - Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: compression by a thyroid cyst. PMID- 7207326 TI - Viral causes of acute hepatitis. PMID- 7207328 TI - Cerebral support for near-drowned children in a temperate environment. PMID- 7207327 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica--an arthritis or arteritis? PMID- 7207329 TI - Mumps causing chronic calcific pancreatitis. PMID- 7207330 TI - Antiseptic (Hibiclens) and eye injuries. PMID- 7207331 TI - Spontaneous bleeding in polycythaemia vera. PMID- 7207332 TI - Breastfeeding: a peaceful burp? PMID- 7207333 TI - Pneumococcal septicaemia after endoscopic gastric polypectomy. PMID- 7207334 TI - Prostaglandin gel. PMID- 7207335 TI - Classification of hyperactive children. PMID- 7207336 TI - Failure of therapy to improve prognosis in elderly males with hypertension. PMID- 7207337 TI - Patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. PMID- 7207338 TI - Artificial-insemination-by-donor clinics. PMID- 7207340 TI - Third World at the door: Australia's obligations. PMID- 7207339 TI - Mianserin and epilepsy. PMID- 7207341 TI - Natural death legislation. PMID- 7207342 TI - Present-day status of urinary diversion. PMID- 7207343 TI - Ophthalmology. PMID- 7207344 TI - Experience with a general practice elective in the undergraduate curriculum. AB - The eight-week general practice elective at the University of Melbourne, after the introduction of a half-year of electives into the sixth year of the medical course, is here described. Seventy students and 50 clinical instructors recorded their opinions, which were generally strongly in favour of the semistructured course. Students were undoubtedly impressed by the skill of the general practitioner in diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of illnesses. The majority of students found the period to be an interesting and rewarding educational experience, and many stated that it altered favourably their view of general practice. The impact of this course is discussed in the context of future changes in medical education. PMID- 7207345 TI - Phototherapy of human tumours using haematoporphyrin derivative. AB - Photoradiation therapy (phototherapy) is a recently introduced treatment for malignant tumours, which depends on the activation of a photoreactive drug selectively localized to tumours. An experience in 27 patients with haematoporphyrin derivative is described. The haematoporphyrin derivative was activated by light of 630-nm wavelength, which was delivered to cutaneous tumours from a specially designed incandescent lamp and to deep tumours through a quartz fibre from a laser system. Tumours were eradicated in five patients and incomplete tumour destruction was observed in 14 others. The only significant side effect was temporary cutaneous photosensitivity. This form of treatment has considerable potential, particularly when other treatments have either failed or cannot be applied. However, it is premature to formulate indications for its use. Rapid technological developments can be anticipated which will greatly enhance the efficacy of photodynamic destruction of tumours. PMID- 7207347 TI - Hypothermia and coma in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. AB - The development of hypothermia and coma are rare complications of the Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome. This report describes three patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy in whom hypothermia was a presenting feature. The second patient described was also comatose. The frequency of occurrence and the significance of these signs are reviewed in detail, as is their potential reversibility with adequate doses of parenteral thiamine. More careful attention to the rectal temperature in patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy may reveal a higher frequency of hypothermia than has been previously suspected. PMID- 7207348 TI - Zoophilic dermatophytes and their natural hosts in Western Australia. AB - Zoophilic dermatophytes were a common source of both human and animal ringworm infections in Western Australia. Microsporum canis was the chief aetiologic agent of infections in kittens and children. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated from domestic pets, farm animals, laboratory animals and wild animals as well as humans. T. verrucosum was a less frequent cause of infection in both man and animals. Other zoophilic species isolated included M. Gypseum, M. nanum and T. equinum var. autotrophicum. PMID- 7207349 TI - Ingestion of hashish oil-filled condoms. AB - Three cases of ingestion of condoms containing hashish oil are reviewed, these being the first reported in the Australian literature. Conservation management resulted in the uneventful passage per rectum of a total of 66 intact, drug filled packages. There was no evidence of rupture of the condoms and ensuing intoxication, or of intestinal obstruction. Clear radiological evidence of a hashish oil-filled condom was present in only one of the three cases on admission to hospital. There are no recorded human fatalities from toxicity after cannabis ingestion, and drug-filled condoms will usually traverse the normal gastrointestinal tract spontaneously. A policy of non-intervention is advised only when the drug is known to be cannabis. Operative treatment is necessary in the presence of more potent substances such as cocaine, and also to relieve intestinal obstruction. PMID- 7207346 TI - Sterilization operations in Australia. AB - The proportion of males and females in Australia having privately performed sterilization operations has been estimated from 1976 operation rates for each age group and for each State. These figures indicate that 60% of Australian couples (maximum: 74% in Western Australia; minimum: 53% in Victoria) will choose this form of birth control during their fertile lifetime. A general practitioner survey in March, 1978, indicated this proportion would be an underestimate. If this rate of sterilization continues, we will challenge the United States as the country with the highest prevalence of sterilized couples. PMID- 7207350 TI - Will fenced pools save lives? A 10-year study from Mulgrave Shire, Queensland. AB - No community has measured baseline child-drowning rates, introduced protective safety legislation, and then assessed its effectiveness. One unique community in Northern Australia, Mulgrave Shire, has implemented rigidly-policed pool safety legislation since 1960; a study of the child drowning profiles therein is reported here to given an estimate of the efficacy of safety legislation. No child has drowned in a fenced pool either in Cairns or in Mulgrave Shires over the 10-year period of the survey. For Mulgrave Shire, no child has drowned during 9200 pool-years. Comparative studies of two neighbouring Shires, with different safety legislation policies (both in absolute safety regulations, and the spirit with which they are prosecuted), indicate that fatal and near-fatal pool accidents can be cut by at least half if safety legislation is effective. Special dangers apply to pools in caravan parks and multiunit dwellings. PMID- 7207352 TI - Pyomyositis tropicans: a diagnostic dilemma. AB - Pyomyositis tropicans is a rare disease in non-tropical climates and thus presents diagnostic difficulties. Two children with single staphylococcal psoas muscle abscesses were recently successfully treated. Computerized axial tomography was found to be a useful diagnostic aid, allowing exact localization of the lesion. The diagnosis and therapy of these abscesses are discussed. PMID- 7207351 TI - Combination of the ovulation method with diaphragm. AB - A marked increase in acceptance of the ovulation method of contraception, together with promising method and user failure rates, were revealed in this study of women to whom a system of combining the ovulation method with the optional use of a diaphragm, advisedly as a menstrual seal, was offered. PMID- 7207353 TI - Hyperactive children and maternal incest. PMID- 7207354 TI - Comparison of single-dose and twice-daily timolol therapy in mild hypertension. PMID- 7207355 TI - Atrial catheterization and leukaemia. PMID- 7207356 TI - Clinical thiamine deficiency in Australia. PMID- 7207357 TI - Whither the IUD? PMID- 7207358 TI - Bee venom immunotherapy. PMID- 7207359 TI - Fenfluramine: incidence of adverse reactions. PMID- 7207361 TI - Urinary retention due to intervertebral disc protrusion. PMID- 7207360 TI - Surgical manpower. PMID- 7207362 TI - Circumcision: the filipino solution. PMID- 7207363 TI - Gay bowel syndrome: syphilis association. PMID- 7207364 TI - [New international system of units (SI) between acceptance and rejection]. PMID- 7207365 TI - [Occupational exposure to drugs. Different substances (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207366 TI - [Closing volume and flow volume intra-individual variability. A mining population study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207367 TI - [Investigation on a group of workers exposed to trichloroethylene: evaluation of environmental exposure and urine metabolites (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207368 TI - [Analysis of trace elements with particle-induced x-ray emission for environmental and biological samples (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207369 TI - Problems deriving from asbestos fibres wetting in the textile industry. PMID- 7207370 TI - [ECDIN (Environmental Chemicals Data and Information Network) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207371 TI - The role of the hospital attorney. PMID- 7207372 TI - [Evaluation of adverse drug reactions: methods and problems]. PMID- 7207373 TI - [Mechanisms of action of psychotropic drugs]. PMID- 7207374 TI - [Dyslexia -- a cause of difficulties in school and behavior disorders]. PMID- 7207375 TI - [Glaucoma and its drug therapy]. PMID- 7207376 TI - [Prolactin: physiologic and clinical significance]. PMID- 7207377 TI - [Lupus erythematosus from drugs]. PMID- 7207378 TI - Adverse interactions of drugs. PMID- 7207379 TI - Interactions of drugs with alcohol. PMID- 7207380 TI - [Acute toxic action of combinations of a new antimalarial preparation, dabequine]. PMID- 7207381 TI - [Basic problems of parasitology and the tasks of Soviet parasitologists for 1981 1985]. PMID- 7207382 TI - [Depressing action of the blood sera from parasitic disease patients on in vitro macrophage phagocytic activity (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7207383 TI - [Puncture and drug treatment of amebic liver abscess]. PMID- 7207384 TI - [Interrelationship characteristics of Leishmania major with various mammalian species]. PMID- 7207385 TI - [Terminal circulation in dogs with anaphylaxis induced by an ascarid protein fraction]. PMID- 7207386 TI - [Attractant properties of peptides for oviparous female Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens molestus mosquitoes]. PMID- 7207388 TI - [Ecology of the spring mosquito species of the genus Aedes (Diptera, Culicidae) in the headwaters of the Sayan reservoir (Tuva ASSR)]. PMID- 7207387 TI - [Location of an opisthorchiasis focus in southern Kurgan Province]. PMID- 7207389 TI - [Blood-sucking midge fauna and numbers in Abakan and environs]. PMID- 7207390 TI - [Horsefly fauna of Khabarosk Territory in a construction area of the Baikal-Amur mainline]. PMID- 7207391 TI - [Distribution of DDT-resistant populations of malaria vectors in the territory of the USSR]. PMID- 7207392 TI - [Experimental changes in the sensitivity level of DDT- and chlorophos-resistant populations of the bedbug, Cimex lectularius L]. PMID- 7207393 TI - [Determination of the population count of the common cockroach in buildings]. PMID- 7207394 TI - [Mechanical method of controlling synanthropic cockroaches]. PMID- 7207395 TI - [Activation of adult Ixodes persulcatus ticks with a varying developmental character in the nymph phase]. PMID- 7207396 TI - [Ixodid ticks and the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis. 3. Data correlation and some conclusions]. PMID- 7207397 TI - [Ecology of the ixodid tick, Haemaphysalis japonica, in the Maritime Territory]. PMID- 7207398 TI - [Evaluation of the DDT residue content in the grass cover after tick control treatments in taiga foci of tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 7207399 TI - [Blood serum enzymatic activity in alveolar hydatid disease]. PMID- 7207400 TI - [Circadian rhythm of the epithelial mitotic activity in the stomach and duodenum of golden hamsters in the acute phase of opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 7207401 TI - [Prevention of urinary and pelvic infections in radical abdominal hysterectomies, vaginal and abdomino-vaginal operations]. PMID- 7207402 TI - [Importance of following up anemia in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7207403 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunity in chronic lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 7207404 TI - [Presence of risk factors of acute coronary disease in the community of Pancevo]. PMID- 7207405 TI - [Diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. 4 case reports]. PMID- 7207406 TI - [Oncobiogram in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7207407 TI - [Systolic intervals in acute anemia]. PMID- 7207408 TI - [Enterogenous cyst of the vertebral canal]. PMID- 7207409 TI - [Spontaneous uterine rupture near the end of pregnancy]. PMID- 7207410 TI - [Atypical form of Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 7207411 TI - [Importance of the "ex tempore" diagnosis in the surgical treatment of malignant melanoma of the skin]. PMID- 7207412 TI - [SI units and their use in pediatrics]. PMID- 7207413 TI - [Treatment of fetor in ozena]. PMID- 7207414 TI - [Effect of prolonged daylight on the neuroendocrine system]. PMID- 7207415 TI - A formalism for calculation of absorbed dose to a medium from photon and electron beams. AB - A formalism is derived that relates the absorbed dose to a medium from photon and electron beams to the photon calibration factor of an ionization chamber. The formalism is applicable to the photon and electron beam energies that are currently of interest in radiation therapy. It is developed in terms of a cavity gas calibration factor, a quantity characteristic of the chamber and independent of the energy of the calibration beam assuming the energy expended per ion pair is energy independent. The cavity-gas calibration factor can be obtained from a chamber calibration performed in terms of exposure, absorbed dose to water, or air kerma. The perturbation corrections due to replacement of the surrounding medium by the chamber wall and cavity are identified as ratios of the photon energy fluence, or the electron fluence, at the position of the chamber center. The unmanageable complexities of a theory that covers an ionization chamber made of several materials are avoided by limiting the development to a chamber made of a single material with the expectation that the inhomogeneities of real chambers can be treated as perturbations. Attention is called to certain theoretical aspects of this dosimetry development that do not appear to have been previously recognized. PMID- 7207416 TI - Characterization of a p(66)Be(49) neutron therapy beam II: skin-sparing and dose transition effects. AB - Results of buildup measurements in A-150 tissue equivalent plastic are presented for a p(66)Be(49) neutron beam. These measurements were taken in air and behind various materials to answer questions about skin-sparing, bolussing materials, recovery of skin-sparing, and dosimetry in small radiobiological samples. The depth for Dmax for this beam is 1.6 g cm-2. An algorithm is also presented that reproduces the measured dose buildup curves. PMID- 7207417 TI - Computer programs for output and depth dose from hyperbolic equations. AB - A compact and accurate equation has been developed that describes the output field size over the range from 4 X 4 to 35 X 35 cm2. An accuracy of +/- 0.2% has been demonstrated for teletherapy machines with energies from 250 kVp to 6 MV. The same equation form is used to describe depth dose tables with the same accuracy down to a depth of at least 30 cm. The relationship is described by a hyperbola whose x and y axes are displaced by corresponding values X0 and Y0 producing the equation y = Y0 - C/(X0 + x), where y = output and x = field size. By substituting three separate values for y and x into three simultaneous equations, values for Y0, X0 and c can be derived. PMID- 7207418 TI - Airborne concentrations of toxic metals resulting from the use of low melting point lead alloys to construct radiotherapy shielding. AB - Determinations of airborne concentrations of lead, cadmium, bismuth, and tin were made above vessels containing a "fusible" lead alloy (158 degrees F melting point) commonly used for construction of radiotherapy blocks. Fume concentrations were determined by collection on a membrane filter and analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Samples were obtained for alloy temperatures of 200 degrees, 400 degrees, and 600 degrees F. In all instances, concentrations were much lower than the applicable occupational limits for continuous exposure. The results of this study indicate that the use of a vented hood as a means of reducing air concentrations of toxic metals above and near vessels containing low temperature melting point lead allows commonly used in construction of radiotherapy shields appears unjustifiable. However, proper handling procedures should be observed to avoid entry into the body via alternate pathways (e.g., ingestion or skin absorption). Transmission data of a non-cadmium containing lead alloy with a melting point of 203 degrees F was ascertained and is reported on. PMID- 7207419 TI - Exposure of rhesus monkeys to 20 000 G steady magnetic field: effect on blood parameters. AB - Sixteen monkeys were used in a study to determine the effects, or noneffects, of exposure to a steady magnetic field of 2 T (20 000 G). Arterial and venous blood samples were taken before, immediately after, and several weeks following the test. Blood gas analyses were made of arterial samples, and hemotologic cell data and Technicon SMAC analyses were made of venous samples. Differential and absolute white blood cell counts of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes were considerably changed during the test, even for monkeys which were not exposed to the magnetic field. These changes have also been observed in monkeys whose environment and daily routine are modified appreciably. Eight of the 16 monkeys were tested twice: first, in the magnet with the magnet turned on, and second, two months later, in the magnet, but with the magnet turned off. A large superconducting magnet (0.63 m i. d. and 1.85 m long warm-air bore) was used, which accommodated two monkeys at one time. Paired-t tests of 45 blood parameters showed no significant differences between the two tests. Exposure to a gradient field compared with exposure to a uniform magnetic field showed no significant differences. PMID- 7207420 TI - Linking tissue, phantoms, and depth dose. PMID- 7207421 TI - Linac monitor and effect. PMID- 7207422 TI - Concerning fat in NMR imaging. PMID- 7207423 TI - Lesion detection and signal-to-noise ratio in CT images. AB - This study measured observers' ability to detect and locate focal lesions on simulated CT images. The difficulty of the detection task was manipulated by changing the difference in attenuation between the lesion and its background (contrast), the random variation in the CT values (noise) or the lesion's size. The human observers' performance was compared to that of matched filter detector, modified to include the effects introduced by the display window and the uncertainty about the lesion's location on the image. Changes in lesion contrast, lesion size and noise produced large variations in both the lesion signal-to noise ratio (a measure of the matched filter detector's performance) and estimated measures of the observer's detection and localization ability. Changes in observers' performance were closely related to changes in lesion signal-to noise ratio. Generally, changes in lesion contrast, lesion size or noise that produced similar values of lesion signal-to-noise ratios had equivalent effects upon the observers' performance. PMID- 7207424 TI - Dose efficiency and the effects of resolution and noise on detail perceptibility in radiographic magnification. AB - The detail signal-to-noise ratio model of radiographic imaging is quantitatively analyzed in terms of its accuracy in describing observer threshold perceptibility of radiographic detail. The model is found to adequately describe the effects of magnification, scatter radiation, and system resolution on observer threshold perceptibility. However, it is shown that the model does not apply in screen/film radiography for very low contrasts and high scatter conditions due to insufficient optical density contrast. The dose-to-information conversion efficiency of a radiographic imaging system is defined and the effects of magnification, scatter, resolution, image processing, detector efficiency, grids, patient table support, field size, and geometry on the dose efficiency of the imaging system are investigated. PMID- 7207425 TI - Voltage, energy, and material dependence of secondary radiation. AB - Measurement results of the relative contribution of primary and secondary radiation are presented. Measurements were done with both monoenergetic and broad spectrum x-ray beams. A variety of phantoms were used: graphite, water, lucite, a skull phantom, and aluminum. We found that the primary radiation fraction is nearly independent of photon energy and tube potential. Calculations using a simple single Compton scattering model agree with the experiment results. PMID- 7207426 TI - Calorimetric and ionimetric dosimetry intercomparisons I: U.S. neutron radiotherapy centers. AB - In the U.S. neutron radiotherapy trial centers, absorbed dose is routinely measured using commercially available A-150 tissue equivalent (TE) plastic ionization chambers. The collecting volumes of these chambers are filled with either methane-based tissue equivalent gas or air. Absorbed dose in A-150 plastic, determined with these ionization chambers, was compared to that measured by an A-150 plastic calorimeter in an A-150 plastic phantom. These comparisons have yielded the following information: (1) Agreement of the total absorbed dose measured using the ionization chambers was within 2.5% of the calorimeter at all the centers visited to date. (2) For all the neutron fields measured, the product of the stopping power ratio (sw,g)N' between the A-150 plastic chamber wall and TE gas, and the average energy expended in the gas per ion pair formed, WN/e, was computed assuming Bragg-Gray theory and found to be 31.0 +/- 0.7 J/C. (3) The displacement correction factor employed to normalize measurements at a depth in a phantom using the type IC-17 ionization chamber was verified to be approximately 0.97 +/- 0.01. PMID- 7207427 TI - Calorimetric and ionimetric dosimetry intercomparisons II: d + T neutron source at the Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek hospital. AB - A series of dosimetric measurements was carried out at the Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, using a Philips d + T generator, which produced neutrons with energies of approximately 14 MeV. A-150 plastic ionization chambers, an A 150 plastic calorimeter, and a GM dosimeter were used to determine total absorbed dose and the photon absorbed dose fraction. The ion chambers were calibrated in a 60Co gamma-ray field in air and compared in a phantom placed in the 60Co gamma ray beam. Comparison of the total absorbed dose derived from the ionization chamber measurements to that determined using the calorimeter indicated agreement for the neutron measurements between the techniques to within +/- 2%. PMID- 7207428 TI - Limitations to iodine isolation using a dual beam non-K-edge approach. AB - In dual-beam selective iodine imaging, images of an object are made with each of two spectrally different x-ray beams. The mean beam energies may either straddle the 33 keV iodine K-edge or both lie above the K-edge. Both patient exposure considerations and the availability of sufficient x-ray flux make the latter approach favorable for tissue thicknesses exceeding 5 cm. Consider such an approach in which image contrast from tissue is suppressed in the difference image. It is proven theoretically that the residual bone-to-iodine contrast is a constant independent of the two mean beam energies used. This invariance principle is demonstrated experimentally by comparing images made from different pairs of x-ray spectra. Observed contrast ratios match the predicted value very well. In dual-beam imaging, contrast from only one material may be suppressed. Other substances yield residual signals which compete with the iodine. Subtleties of this incomplete cancellation are demonstrated, discussed, and quantitated. A contrast enhancement factor (CEF) is defined as the factor by which iodine contrast is enhanced in a multiple beam subtraction technique relative to monoenergetic imaging at 40 keV. CEFs are determined for tissue and bone cancellation separately and their limits are discussed. Images of a simulated artery containing iodine superimposed over a Rando head and neck phantom show that the CEF limitation for dual beam imaging is quite severe compared to a time dependent mask mode imaging approach. Finally, optimum, energies for dual beam images are discussed. PMID- 7207429 TI - CT scanner comparison. AB - A survey of six production CT scanners in clinical use has been carried out. The scanner types are the ACTA 0200, EMI 1007, EMI 5005, GE 7800, DELTA 2010, and the AS & E 500. Measurements were made of the noise, spatial resolution, edge enhancement, axial position sensitivity, artefact, and dose. Dose is expressed in terms of the total absorbed energy or the volume integral of the dose, as this is considered the factor most directly related to patient risk. A relationship between dose and picture quality parameters is developed and applied to the scanners for a wide range of settings. Particular emphasis has been placed on evaluting the different operating modes of each scanner. The results show a great variation between machines, especially in the relationship between resolution and noise, and the performance achieved for the dose delivered. PMID- 7207430 TI - Experimental study of the relationship between the base impedance and its time derivative in impedance plethysmography. AB - Transthoracic electrical impedance Z consists of a constant baseline component Z0 and the time variable component delta Z such that Z = Z0 + delta Z. The first time derivative of Z has a negative peak, the magnitude of which is (dZ/dt)min. Measurements of 170 volunteers show that (dZ/dt)min is a function of the constant baseline component Z0. This implies that at least a part of the difference of the magnitudes of (dZ/dt)min on Z0 must be taken into account in order to avoid erroneous conclusions or inaccurate calculations. PMID- 7207431 TI - Hyperthermia with implanted electrodes. AB - A general solution is given for the steady state form of the heat conduction equation applied to a simple tumor model which is imagined as being heated by means of electrical currents flowing between metallic electrodes. The model assumes a homogeneous tumor with no bloodflow. The solution for the special case of constant temperature and potential at the surface of the heated volume is examined in detail. The solution shows that there exists, independent of the particular tumor and electrode geometry, a close relationship between the steady state temperature distribution and the electrical potential. Among the more important implications of this relationship are that equipotential surfaces within the heated volume are also isothermal surfaces and that no areas of excessive heat at or near any sharp edges or corners of the electrodes should develop, despite the high electric field intensity. Based on the theory, a procedure is outlined which might greatly facilitate the determination of temperature distributions in phantoms. Finally, the usefulness and the limitations of the theoretical models in clinical hyperthermia are discussed. PMID- 7207432 TI - Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. AB - The response and wall correction factors for various ionization chambers in a cobalt-60 gamma-ray field have been calculated using a Monte Carlo photon electron transport code. Among the chamber parameters studied are chamber wall material and its thickness, central electrode material and its dimensions, and the shape and size of the sensitive volume. The calculations show that the response and wall correction factors are sensitive to the shape and volume of the ionization chamber, but relatively independent of the choice of material for the chamber wall and electrode when these are compared on the basis of electron density. Data are presented for cylindrical, plane-parallel, and spherical ionization chambers constructed from carbon, magnesium, aluminum, water, Lucite, polystyrene, and ICRU muscle, as well as for a number of commercially available ionization chambers. PMID- 7207434 TI - Characterization of a p(66)Be(49) neutron therapy beam I: central axis depth dose and off-axis ratios. AB - Results of measurements of central axis depth doses, off-axis ratios, and wedge filter effects are presented for a p(66)Be(49) neutron beam. All measurements were made and are reported in tissue equivalent solution. Algorithms that reproduce the various measured characteristics of the beam are also discussed. PMID- 7207433 TI - Film dosimetry of megavoltage photon beams: a practical method of isodensity-to isodose curve conversion. AB - The central problems of photon beam film dosimetry are the dependence of film response upon photon energy, processing conditions, and film plane orientation. We have overcome these problems by accurately fitting the depth-dependent sensitometric curve of Kodak XV-2 film (exposed parallel to beam axis) to the equation OD(D,d) = ODs(1 - exp [- alpha 0[1 + beta(d-dm)]D]) where OD(D,d) is the optical density for dose D at depth d. ODs, alpha 0, and beta are constants characteristic of the film and beam energy but are independent of field size. Only central axis depth dose data for a single field are required to determine their values. A computer program based upon this equation has been written which successfully generates single field isodose curves from film data for a variety of field sizes (including wedged fields) with an accuracy of +/- 3%. Data are presented for 60Co, and 4 and 10 MV x rays. PMID- 7207435 TI - Anatomic-pathologic foundations for echocardiography. PMID- 7207436 TI - Role of echocardiography in emergencies. PMID- 7207437 TI - Echocardiography of valvular heart disease: evaluation of heart murmurs. PMID- 7207438 TI - A pathologist views sudden unexpected infant death. PMID- 7207439 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7207440 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, a promising new procedure. PMID- 7207441 TI - Unusual cause of stridor-staph mediastinal abscess, case report. PMID- 7207442 TI - Management of intraoperative and postoperative Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthetic dysfunction, case report. PMID- 7207443 TI - Parvovirus vaccination. PMID- 7207444 TI - Desire to learn. PMID- 7207445 TI - FDA under attack. PMID- 7207446 TI - Differential diagnosis of pain. PMID- 7207447 TI - Humeral chondrosarcoma in a cat. PMID- 7207448 TI - Spermatic cord torsion in a dog. PMID- 7207449 TI - Parvoviral outbreak in Canada. PMID- 7207450 TI - Cryotherapy of dorsal metacarpal disease. PMID- 7207451 TI - Caseous lymphadenitis in a goat. PMID- 7207452 TI - Radiographic evaluation of bovine skull disorders. AB - Among 109 bovine animals referred for radiographic examination of the head, 31 cattle and 12 buffaloes had various disorders of the skull, accounting for 2.2% of cases. The more common disorders were mandibular fracture, osteomyelitis, rhinitis and neoplasia. Others included nasal polyps, hydrocephalus and foreign body in intermandibular space. PMID- 7207453 TI - Reading lesson: II. PMID- 7207454 TI - Abscesses in cats. PMID- 7207455 TI - The effect of D-galactosamine and actinomycin D on polysomes and messenger RNA levels in rat liver. PMID- 7207456 TI - Effects of E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and other selective anti-herpes compounds on the induction of retrovirus particles in mouse BALB/3T3 cells. PMID- 7207457 TI - Changes in dimethylaniline N-oxidase activity of mouse liver and kidney induced by steroid sex hormones. PMID- 7207458 TI - Involvement of radical species in the oxidation of aminopyrine and 4 aminoantipyrine by cumene hydroperoxide in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7207459 TI - Use of linoleic acid hydroperoxide in the determination of absolute spectra of membrane-bound cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7207460 TI - Metabolism of chrysene and phenanthrene to bay-region diol epoxides by rat liver enzymes. PMID- 7207461 TI - On the relationship between formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine stimulation of arachidonyl phosphatidylinositol turnover and lysosomal enzyme secretion by rabbit neutrophils. PMID- 7207462 TI - Ring stacking in solutions of norepinephrine and the 4:1 norepinephrine . ATP complex. PMID- 7207463 TI - Can the lipid theories of anesthesia account for the cutoff in anesthetic potency in homologous series of alcohols? PMID- 7207464 TI - Solubility of inhalation anesthetics in various media. A new correlation. PMID- 7207465 TI - Carrier mechanism and specificity accounting for the increase in intracellular melphalan by the basic amino acids. PMID- 7207466 TI - Inhibition of DNA biosynthesis in HeLa cells by cytotoxic and antitumor sesquiterpene lactones. PMID- 7207467 TI - Properties of soluble and membrane bound dopamine-beta-monooxygenase from bovine adrenal medulla cross-linked with dimethyl suberimidate. AB - Bovine dopamine-beta-monooxygenase from chromaffin granules in its soluble and membrane-bound forms was cross-linked with the bifunctional reagent dimethyl suberimidate, and its structural and kinetic properties were studied. 1. The cross-linking reaction does not affect the activity of soluble dopamine-beta monooxygenase; it produces a ten percent inactivation in the membrane-bound enzyme, possibly because the linkage to other membrane proteins hinders its activity. 2. The soluble dopamine-beta-monooxygenase reaction mixture was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, showing appreciable amounts of dimer and tetramer, but only small amounts of trimer. In membrane bound dopamine-beta-monooxygenase, subjected to the same treatment, appreciable amounts of dimer and higher aggregates were found. 3. The kinetic properties of soluble dopamine-beta-monooxygenase after the crosslinking reaction are the same as those of the native enzyme, with a ping-pong kinetic mechanism and the same real Michaelis constants for tyramine and ascorbate: KmT = 0.36 mM and KmA = 0.32 mM. Membrane-bound dopamine-beta-monooxygenase does not present a ping-pong mechanism before or after cross-linking; its real Michaelis constants are slightly modified by the cross-linking reaction: KmT = 0.4 mM and KMA = 0.4 mM. PMID- 7207468 TI - Human platelet arginase. AB - We report here, for the first time the presence of arginase in human platelets. This enzyme has been partially purified and some of it properties studied. Its biological significance and its involvement in polyamine biosynthesis are considered. PMID- 7207469 TI - Changes in energy charge and block of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes under the action of valinomycin. AB - Valinomycin blocks protein synthesis at the elongation stage in intact reticulocyte while being without action on a cell free system. We demonstrate here that this membrane mediated inhibition is accompanied by a change of the energy charge (ATP/ADP/AMP ratio) of the cells. There seems to be an accumulation of AMP without a proportional gain in ADP. The change in energy charge in itself can be the cause of the inhibition of protein synthesis. We show also that valinomycin can cause a decrease of the energy charge at concentrations where its action as an ionophore is not seen and independent of a possible activation of the Na-K dependent ATPase. PMID- 7207470 TI - The phosphorylation of protein S6 in the newly-synthesized cytoplasmic ribosomes of hamster fibroblasts. AB - Ribosomes were isolated from baby hamster kidney fibroblasts, either 20 min or 2 days after labelling with radioactive amino acids, and their proteins subjected to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No significant differences were observed between the amounts of radioactivity associated with the position of the phosphorylated derivatives of protein S6. This suggests that the phosphorylation is unlikely to be important in ribosomal biogenesis or extranuclear transport. PMID- 7207471 TI - Spatial organization of histones and DNA in the nucleosome core particle: a model. AB - We present here an attempt to build up a space-filling model of the nucleosome core particle based on the chemical crosslinking data of Mirzabekov and co workers (23). It is shown that the models proposed earlier are inconsistent with the results of these authors. The main characteristics of our model are as follows: a) the DNA superhelix contains at least 90 base pairs (bp) per turn; b) the particle has a dyad axis of symmetry; c) the histone octamer may be regarded as consisting of two heterotypic tetramers. The possible shape and function of core histones are discussed in the light of the model. PMID- 7207472 TI - Selective removal of histone H1 from nucleosomes at low ionic strength. AB - The method for removal of histone H 1 from chromatin by treatment with ion exchange resin AG 50 WX 2 in the presence of 100 mM NaCl and 50 mM phosphate buffer (Thoma and Koller, 1977, Cell, 12, 101-107) results in production not only of H1-depleted chromatin but also free DNA. We have not modified this procedure so that the nucleosome is treated with the cation exchange resin in two steps, first in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer and then in 50 mM sodium phosphate and 50 mM NaCl whereby histone H 1 is selectively removed without a release of free DNA at low resin concentrations. PMID- 7207473 TI - Particulate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are retained on heparin bound to Sepharose. AB - Fractions of reticulocyte lysates were retained on heparin immobilized on Sepharose 4B and further separated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. These fractions contain aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for 12 amino acids tested. Most synthetases with the highest specific activity are present in the fraction of approximately 40S. Particulate synthetases present in the postmicrosomal pellet of rat liver and synthetases associated with polyribosomes are almost completely adsorbed on heparin-Sepharose but free enzymes in the cytosol are not retained. Since only particulate synthetases are retained on the affinity carrier, their adsorption may be due to the presence of protein-synthesis factors, in particular peptide initiation and elongation factors, in the complexes of synthetases. PMID- 7207474 TI - Chemical carcinogen induction of DNA-repair synthesis in human peripheral blood monocytes. AB - Fresh ex vivo cultures of normal human peripheral blood monocytes, which are nonreplicative and known to possess cytochrome P-450 associated mixed-function oxidase activity, were used to assay DNA-excision repair manifested as augmented [3H]thymidine (dThd) incorporation following treatment in culture with diverse mutagenic carcinogens. Untreated monocyte cultures established from pools of 3-6 normal donors incorporated a low level of cytoplasmic [3H]dThd throughout a majority of the cells during an 18-h incubation. This background incorporation into whole cells was 80-90% inhibited by hydroxyurea (HU) at concentrations greater than 5 mM. Dose-related increases in the cumulative 18-h [3H]dThd incorporation in monocytes were observed following treatment with UV, N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), mitomycin C (MMC), N-acetoxy-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). The presence of HU during chemical treatment and throughout this 18 h of incubation with [3H]dThd did not influence the dose-response curves obtained with UV, MMS, NA-AAF and BaP but it increased the input dose of MNNG, MMC, DMN and AFB1 required to give peak repair incorporation. When HU was added to cultures following MNNG damage no interference with repair response was observed. HU apparently influences the extent of DNA damage by direct reactivity with these chemicals or their endogenously generated metabolites rather than inhibiting DNA-repair processes. These results provide evidence that monocytes are enzymatically proficient in base and nucleotide excision pathways and have endogenous capacity to metabolize BaP, AFB1 and DMN to DNA-damaging metabolites. As such, the monocyte is a potentially useful human cell type for detecting genotoxic chemicals and studying individuality in chemical-biological interactions. PMID- 7207475 TI - Do induced sperm-head abnormalities in mice specifically identify mammalian mutagens rather than carcinogens? AB - The results of testing 54 compounds including 19 carcinogen/non-carcinogen pairs from a wide range of chemical classes are reported. Many carcinogens did not induce increases in abnormal sperm heads. In contrast compounds known to induce transmissible genetic damage in whole animals invariably induced dose-dependent large increases in the incidence of abnormal sperm heads. The test may be useful in assisting discrimination between compounds that only cause mutations in isolated cell systems from those which constitute a real genetic hazard for whole mammals. PMID- 7207476 TI - The transplacental micronucleus test. PMID- 7207477 TI - The Salmonella mutagenicity assay: reproducibility. PMID- 7207478 TI - Chemicals and genes. 4th annual Australian and New Zealand Environmental Mutagen Society meeting, University of Sydney, 1980. Abstracts. PMID- 7207479 TI - Short-term tests for transplacentally active carcinogens. I. Micronucleus formation in fetal and maternal mouse erythroblasts. AB - A cell-kinetic model for the application of the micronucleus test to polychromatic erythrocytes in mouse fetal liver, fetal blood, and maternal bone marrow after exposure to clastogenic agents is described. The time of expression and dose-response relationships obtained with gamma-radiation, methyl methanesulphonate, procarbazine, mitomycin C and benzo[a]pyrene are analysed in terms of this model. The numbers of target cells damaged per unit dose has been calculated and the dose equivalents obtained. Maternal and fetal cells show similar sensitivity to gamma-radiation, but fetal cells are markedly more sensitive to MMS and procarbazine. This probably due to differences in tissue distribution and metabolism. Maternal and fetal erythroid tissues can show linear and exponential dose-response relationships, which may not coincide (e.g. with MMS). It is concluded that risks from fetal exposure to genotoxic agents cannot be reliably predicted from in vivo tests restricted to adult animals. However, the micronucleus technique applied to fetal erythroid cells provides a rapid and reliable short-term test, appropriate to minimising risks of genome damage during prenatal development. PMID- 7207480 TI - Some comparisons between induced and spontaneous mutation rates in mouse sperm and spermatogonia. AB - The induction of histocompatibility gene mutations in BALB/cKh mouse sperm was determined following doses of 0, 350, or 350 + 300 rad (24 h apart) of 250 kV X rays. The mutation rate is significantly lower than predicted on the basis of the seven-locus test and is not significantly different from the very low rate of H loci in BALB/cKh spermatogonia. Furthermore, selection and repair are important in determining mutation rates per viable progeny of H-loci during both spermatogenesis and gestation. PMID- 7207481 TI - Mechanism of cytotoxic action of azaguanine and thioguanine in wild-type V79 cell lines and their relative efficiency in selection of structural gene mutants. AB - The cytotoxic effects of azaguanine and thioguanine have been compared in two wild-type V79 cells. To achieve equitoxic effects in both cell lines a 10-20-fold higher concentration of azaguanine than thioguanine was required. Affinity of HGPRT for azaguanine was 10-fold lower than for hypoxanthine in both cell lines and was similar to that for thioguanine in V79S cells. Affinity for thioguanine differed by a factor of 3 in the two cell lines. The rate of cell kill by azaguanine was markedly slower than by thioguanine in both cell lines. Reduction of whole cell uptake of [14C]hypoxanthine incorporation by unlabelled azaguanine was only demonstrable after prolonged incubation periods as was incorporation of [14C]azaguanine into acid-insoluble material. Experiments with cell-free extracts indicated that hypoxanthine acts as a non-competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. The slow rate of dissociation of the HGPRT-azaguanine complex is reflected in the slow rate of killing of wild-type cells. Clones resistant to the cytotoxic effects of these analogues have been selected from both cell lines and have been shown to possess HGPRT with altered kinetic properties. Our data suggest that azaguanine and thioguanine may select for mutations at different sites on the HGPRT molecule in V79 cells and provide possible explanations for the differences in effectiveness of these two agents reported in other cell lines. PMID- 7207482 TI - Differential DNA-repair activity in prespermiogenic cells of various mouse strains. AB - The present report demonstrates differential DNA-repair activity among 14 strains of immature (20 +/- 2 days old) male mice (inbred strains: C57BL/6J, RF/J, Nude homo/nu, RIII/2J, PL/J, AKR/J, Nude hetero/nude, C3H/HeJ, SWR/J, SM/J, ST/J, LP/J, BALB/cJ and random-bred strain: CD-1). The prespermiogenic cells were isolated and enriched by collagenase-trypsin digestion of seminiferous tubules and subsequent 3% albumin-gradient centrifugation. Enriched prespermiogenic cells demonstrated a viability greater than 95% by trypan blue exclusion criteria. For in vitro unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) determination, prespermiogenic cells (10(6) cells/ml) were incubated with methyl methanesulfonate (0.4 mM) in the presence of 20 mM hydroxyurea (HU). At 20 mM HU concentration, 90% of S-phase DNA activity in prespermiogenic cells was inhibited and thus, the net UDS activity following MMS exposure was readily determined. MMS-induced UDS activity in the CD 1 mouse strain was both linear up to 4 h of incubation and dose-dependent at 4 h of incubation. The apparent Km for MMS-induced UDS activity in prespermiogenic cells was approx. 1.8 x 10(-4) M. Of the 14 mice strains tested, C57BL/6J and RF/J exhibited the highest DNA-repair activity, while BALB/cJ, LP/J, and ST/J showed the lowest. A maximal difference in UDS activity of 3.5-fold was observed between C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ. Furthermore, a 2.5-fold difference was also noted between RF/J and LP/J mouse strains. Thus, wide variations in DNA-repair activity among 14 mouse strains were clearly demonstrated. Whether genetically select mouse strains with the lowest DNA-repair activity should have greater sensitivity toward environmental mutagens needs to be tested. PMID- 7207483 TI - DNA repair in Bloom's syndrome fibroblasts after UV irradiation or treatment with mitomycin C. AB - Sensitivities to UV and mitomycin C (MC) of fibroblasts obtained from 3 Japanese patients with Bloom's syndrome (BS) were studied. One BS strain was more sensitive to UV than normal cells only in colony-forming ability. Other responses to UV, such as unscheduled DNA synthesis, host-cell reactivation and removal of UV-endonuclease-susceptible sites, were normal in all 3 strains. These BS strains were more sensitive to MC than were normal cells. However, the amounts of unscheduled DNA synthesis after treatment with MC in BS cells did not differ from those in normal cells. PMID- 7207484 TI - The rate of DNA synthesis in normal human and ataxia telangiectasia cells after exposure to X-irradiation. AB - The rate of DNA synthesis was studied in normal cell strains and in strains from patients suffering from the inherited disorder ataxia telangiectasia (AT). After exposure to relatively low doses of oxic X-rays (0-4 krad) DNA synthesis was depressed in AT cell strains to a significantly lesser extent than in normal cells. This response was observed in both an "excision-deficient" and an "excision-proficient" strain. In contrast, there was no difference in DNA synthesis inhibition between AT and normal cells after UV exposure. After X irradiation of cells from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, both complementation group A and XP variants, the observed rate of DNA synthesis was equal to that in normal cells. An exception was the strain XP3BR which has been shown to be X-ray-sensitive. This strain exhibited diminished DNA synthesis inhibition after X-ray doses below 1 krad. These data suggest a relationship between hypersensitivity to X-rays and diminished depression of DNA synthesis. PMID- 7207485 TI - Formaldehyde mutagenesis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - We have found that formaldehyde is capable of inducing mutations in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. 4 concentrations of formaldehyde were tested. At a concentration of 1%, formaldehyde is lethal to the nematode, and 0.01% formaldehyde did not induce any mutations in approx. 60 000 tested chromosomes. 2 concentrations of formaldehyde, 0.1% and 0.07%, were found to be mutagenic, inducing both point mutations and deficiencies in the unc-22 region of linkage group IV. 4 of the point mutations have been demonstrated to be alleles of the unc-22 gene and have been mapped within the locus. 2 of the putative deficiencies have been confirmed. Each spans the unc-22 gene and at least 2 other genes in the region. A rough estimate of the forward mutation frequency using 0.1% formaldehyde in this region is 3 X 10(-5), while for 0.07% the frequency is 2 X 10(-4). PMID- 7207486 TI - Sister-chromatid exchange analyses in rodent maternal, embryonic and extra embryonic tissues: transplacental and direct mutagen exposures. AB - Sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) analyses were conducted in maternal, embryonic and extraembryonic tissues of pregnant rats and mice. The various tissues were substituted in vivo with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) by implantation of a BrdU tablet in pregnant animals at mid-gestation. Following maternal exposure to 5-20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, embryonic liver cells demonstrated dose-dependent SCE increases up to 10-fold that of control. Rat embryos revealed little intralitter variability for this transplacental effect. Maternal marrow and yolk sac cells examined in the rat also underwent significant increases in SCE, although to different extents. While marrow SCE frequencies were similar to those of embryo liver, yolk sac SCE frequencies were generally much lower. SCE analyses were also conducted in rat yolk sac cells substituted in vivo with BrdU and subsequently explanted to whole-embryo culture. In vitro exposure to cyclophosphamide at concentrations up to 100 microgram/ml had no SCE-inducing effect. However, similar exposures to phosphoramide mustard, a presumed metabolite of cyclophosphamide, caused dose-dependent increases in SCE up to 8-fold higher than control at 2 microgram/ml. Thus, cyclophosphamide appears to require maternal metabolic activation in order to cause an increased SCE frequency in yolk sac cells. The system described permits versatile SCE analyses which can help to define relative maternal and embryo tissue-specific sensitivities to chemical induced genetic damage. PMID- 7207487 TI - Chromosomal radiosensitivity of pig leucocytes in relation to sampling time. AB - Pig blood cultures were used to analyse the sensitivity to X-rays (measured as frequency of induced dicentrics) of lymphocytes sampled at variable times. By using the BrdU-Giemsa method it was possible to identify the lymphocytes that were performing their first division at early (less than 30% of cells in second division), intermediate (30-50% of cells in second or subsequent divisions) and late stages (more than 50% of cells in second or subsequent divisions). No difference was found in the radiosensitivity of these 3 varieties of lymphocyte. It was also observed that: (a) the combination of radiation followed by BrdU treatment did not increase the clastogenic action of X-rays, (b) X-rays in the dose used in our cultures did not increase the frequency of SCEs, and (c) minor changes in culture conditions probably influence the basal frequency of SCEs. PMID- 7207488 TI - Micronucleus test and bone-marrow chromosome analysis: a comparison of 2 methods in vivo for evaluating chemically induced chromosomal alterations. AB - The sensitivities of 2 cytogenetic tests, chromosome analysis and the micronucleus test, were compared by using mice exposed to the substances methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), mitomycin C (MC) and procarbazine (Natulan). The lowest dose at which a significant effect could be observed in bone-marrow cells of mice was determined. Both test systems proved equally sensitive for MC and procarbazine. Doses as low as 0.16 mg of MC per kg and 3.12 mg of Natulan per kg significantly increased both the aberration rates and the micronucleus rates above those of the controls. In contrast, after exposure to MMS, chromosomal aberrations were elevated above control levels at 5 mg/kg, and the micronucleus rate differed significantly from that of the controls after a dose of 10 mg/kg. With the present protocol and sample size one can conclude that the micronucleus test is generally comparable in sensitivity to the chromosome analysis. However, the MMS data indicate that there might be chemicals for which the resolution of the chromosome analysis is higher. When the mutagens were given in 2 single i.p. injections separated by 24 h, the polychromatic erythrocytes were analyzed for the presence of micronuclei 6 or 24 h after the second injection. The double treatment did not increase the micronucleus rates above the single-treatment results at either sampling interval. PMID- 7207489 TI - Irradiated laboratory animal diets: dominant lethal studies in the mouse. AB - In 4 separate dominant lethal experiments groups of mice of either Charles River CD1 or Alderley Park strains were fed laboratory diets (Oakes, 41B, PRD, BP nutrition rat and mouse maintenance diet No. 1). The diets were either untreated (negative control diets) or irradiated at 1, 2.5 and 5 megarad and were freshly irradiated, or stored. The animals were fed their test diets for a period of 3 weeks prior to mating. Groups of mice given a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg cyclophosphamide per kg body weight served as the positive controls. Freshly irradiated PRD diet fed to male mice of both strains caused an increase in early deaths in females mated to the males in week 7 and to a lesser extent in week 4. The increase due to irradiation was small by comparison with that produced by the positive control compound. The responses for the other irradiated diets showed no significant increases in early deaths although some values for Oakes diet were high. The effect of storage was examined with PRD and BPN diet on one occasion and produced conflicting results. Thus there was some evidence that irradiated PRD diet has weak mutagenic activity in the meiotic and/or pre-meiotic phase of the spermatogenic cycle which appeared to be lessened on storage; the inclusion of such a diet in toxicological studies would therefore need to be carefully considered. PMID- 7207490 TI - DNA crosslinking and cell survival in human lymphoid cells treated with 8 methoxypsoralen and long wavelength ultraviolet radiation. AB - 8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) when irradiated with long wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) inhibits DNA synthesis in lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. 8 MOP binds reversibly to DNA in the dark; when exposed to UV-A, covalent monoadducts and cross-links are formed with the DNA. The present study correlates the cytotoxic effects of 8-MOP plus UV-A with DNA crosslinking. E-B virus transformed human lymphoblastoid cells were suspended in a colorless salt solution containing 8-MOP and exposed to UV-A from fluorescent lamps filtered to remove radiation below 320 nm (22.5 J/m2-sec). Cells were then returned to complete medium and assayed for survival (by daily counts of viable cells and by cloning in microtiter wells) and for DNA crosslinking by alkaline elution. 8-MOP alone or UV-A alone resulted in minimal to no alterations in survival or in DNA crosslinking. DNA crosslinking was found to be linearly dependent on 8-MOP concentration (in the range of 0.01-1.0 microgram/ml) for 3 different UV-A doses (3000-15 000 J/m2). The surviving fraction declined exponentially as a function of the relative number of DNA crosslinks. These results suggest that the cytotoxic effects of photoactivated 8-MOP in human lymphoblastoid cells may depend on DNA interstrand crosslinks. PMID- 7207491 TI - Repair of ultraviolet radiation damage in xeroderma pigmentosum cells belonging to complementation group F. AB - DNA-repair characteristics of xeroderma pigmentosum belonging to complementation group F were investigated. The cells exhibited an intermediate level of repair as measured in terms of (1) disappearance of T4 endonuclease-V-susceptible sites from DNA, (2) formation of ultraviolet-induced strand breaks in DNA, and (3) ultraviolet-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis during post-irradiation incubation. The impaired ability of XP3YO to perform unscheduled DNA synthesis was restored, to half the normal level, by the concomitant treatment with T4 endonuclease V and ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus. It is suggested that xeroderma pigmentosum cells of group F may be defective, at least in part, in the incision step of excision repair. PMID- 7207492 TI - Genetic effects of formaldehyde in the mouse. AB - A chromosomal analysis of spermatocytes at metaphase I failed to reveal any chromosomal lesions during spermatogenesis of mice treated with formaldehyde. Similarly, the dominant lethal test, except during the first and third weeks, showed no detectable effect. PMID- 7207493 TI - Comparative studies of chromosomal aberration induced by trivalent and pentavalent arsenic. AB - The comparative cytogenetic effects on the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein in cultured mammalian cells of trivalent and pentavalent arsenic were investigated. The chromosome-breaking activity in cultured leukocytes was significantly higher for the compounds with trivalent (NaAsO2, AsCl3 and As2O3) than with pentavalent arsenic (Na2HAsO4, H3AsO4 and As2O5). The activity in cultured human skin fibroblasts was similar to that in leukocyte cultures. The colony-forming capacity after exposure to arsenicals indicated that trivalent was more toxic than pentavalent arsenic. In the response of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, both trivalent and pentavalent arsenic inhibited DNA and protein synthesis in leukocytes. PMID- 7207494 TI - Nature of the mitomycin-C induced lesion causing sister-chromatid exchange. PMID- 7207495 TI - The enhancement of the effect of aflatoxin B1 by metabolic activation with rat liver microsomes on human lymphocytes assayed with the micronucleus test. PMID- 7207496 TI - Cytosar-induced micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone-marrow cells. PMID- 7207497 TI - Micronucleus induction by dimethylnitrosamine in rat fetal blood. PMID- 7207498 TI - Effect of 4 toluene diamine isomers on murine testicular DNA synthesis. PMID- 7207499 TI - The recovery of colony-forming ability and the rate of semi-conservative DNA synthesis in ultraviolet-irradiated Cockayne and normal human cells. PMID- 7207500 TI - Congenital cervical spinal atrophy. AB - Three children presented at birth with axial hypotonia and symmetrical flaccid paresis limited to the upper extremities, and involving proximal and distal muscle groups. At birth, palmar flexion creases were poorly developed, and the hand muscles were atrophic. These clinical features, the muscle biopsy findings, and the nonprogressive course, suggest a vascular insult to the cervical spinal cord during gestation. The term, congenital cervical spinal atrophy seems most descriptive of these features. PMID- 7207501 TI - Early ultrastructural changes in aging rat gastrocnemius muscle: a stereologic study. AB - Normal gastrocnemius muscle of Wistar rats at various ages to 2 1/2 years was studied. No light microscopic or qualitative electron microscopic changes were seen. However, stereologic determinations revealed significant reductions in volume and surface densities of sarcoplasmic reticulum, t-tubular system, and glycogen content. These alterations were considered to be the morphologic expression of the very early age-related changes in gastrocnemius muscle. PMID- 7207502 TI - Normal and dystrophic embryonic chicken pectoralis muscle cultures: II. Ultrastructural comparison. AB - Ultrastructural comparison was made between dystrophic and normal chicken breast muscle cells which had been isolated from 12-day-old embryos and cultured for up to 14 days. All electron microscopic examinations were conducted in the absence of any knowledge as to the dystrophic or normal origin of the cells, or the day on which the cells had been harvested from culture. The same blind procedures were applied to attempts to reconstruct from electron micrographs the correct sequence of days for a particular experiment and to identify the origin of the cells as normal or dystrophic. No consistent differences between normal and dystrophic cells were apparent either in extent of differentiation, such as the formation of mature sarcomeres, or in degenerative properties, such as disintegrating mitochondria, lipid aggregations, or extracellular debris. In light of metabolic and developmental differences in these cultures, the absence of ultrastructural differences was attributed in part to the presence of cells with widely different degrees of integrity, differentiation, and degeneration in both normal and dystrophic cultures. PMID- 7207503 TI - Penicillamine-induced myositis in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed multiple mononeuropathies multiplex was shown to have vasculitis in nerve biopsy, but no evidence of inflammatory muscle disease in muscle biopsy. Treatment with penicillamine caused the rare complication of polymyositis, documented clinically, electrophysiologically, and by light and electron microscopy in a second muscle biopsy. The evidence presented supports the concept that penicillamine may induce polymyositis or aggravate a pre-existing low-grade myositis. PMID- 7207504 TI - Membrane elasticity of erythrocytes from normal and dystrophic mice. AB - The membrane deformability of erythrocytes from normal and dystrophic mice was determined using a flow channel technique whereby erythrocytes attached to the floor of a parallel plate channel were deformed by fluid shear forces. A nonlinear stress-strain experimental behavior was observed for both populations of erythrocytes which was best described with a polynormal expression: tau s = a epsilon x + [b epsilon x3/2 epsilon x + 1]. A comprehensive statistical analysis of the data indicated that a large percentage of the variance of the data was due to the experimental design. Furthermore, the 2 populations of cells were different in terms of the strain-stress relationship which best fitted the data, i.e., epsilon x = alpha tau s + beta tau s2 + gamma tau s3. Up to a shear stress of 5.5 dyn/cm2, where 95% of the data points were found, the dystrophic erythrocytes were slightly but significantly more deformable than the normal erythrocytes. PMID- 7207505 TI - Growth of neonatal hamster skeletal muscle in culture. AB - Quantitative procedures for cell dissociation, selective plating, and growth conditions were adapted to neonatal hamster muscle in order to obtain cultures with a predictable evolution and sufficient differentiated myofibers. Normal and myopathic cultures were compared with regard to cell yield, myogenic cell fusion, and muscle differentiation. This technique is proposed for comparative studies of in vitro myogenesis in normal and myopathic hamsters. PMID- 7207506 TI - Respiratory function in the muscular dystrophies. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to compare the respiratory function of patients with different clinical types of muscular dystrophy (MD). A total of 190 patients representing facioscapulohumeral MD (n = 20), limb-girdle MD (n = 50), Becker MD (n = 20), Duchenne MD (n = 90), and the "intermediate" type of MD (n = 10) were studied using simple spirometric respiratory function tests. The respiratory modifications observed in the 3 adult forms indicate that pulmonary function was almost normal. Respiratory function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) was always characterized by a restrictive syndrome which severely impaired pulmonary function. The vital capacity (VC) underwent ascending, plateau, and descending phases during the course of the disease. The VC at the plateau stage may be used as an estimate of life span. The most interesting finding was the high degree of variability in the restrictive syndrome associated with DMD. In the DMD group 30% presented a severe restrictive respiratory syndrome associated with a life span of less than 20 years (Type 1), 40% had a serious restrictive syndrome and variable mortality (Type 2), and the remaining 30% had a moderate restrictive respiratory syndrome (Type 3). PMID- 7207507 TI - Creatine kinase isozyme transition in chicks with hereditary muscular dystrophy. AB - In both normal chicks and chicks with hereditary muscular dystrophy the BB (brain) and MB (hybrid) isozymes were the predominant forms of creatine kinase (CK) activity in embryonic skeletal muscle. As myogenesis progressed, activity due to the MM (muscle) isozyme progressively increased, and by 1 week ex ovo, the MM isozyme accounted for approximately 97% of total muscle activity in both genotypes. During this time, the proportion of the MM isozyme was slightly but significantly lower in dystrophic muscles. After hatching the proportion of the MB isozyme and its total activity decreased in normal muscle, but increased in dystrophic pectoral muscle, and by 5 months ex ovo, the MB isozyme accounted for 10% of total CK activity. Prior to hatching there was no consistent difference in total CK activity between normal and dystrophic tissues, but by 1 week after hatching and thereafter, total CK activity was significantly lower in dystrophic pectoral muscle. PMID- 7207508 TI - Adenylosuccinase in human muscular dystrophy. AB - The level of adenylosuccinase was measured in muscle from patients with Duchenne and other major forms of progressive muscular dystrophies and certain related neuromuscular diseases. The activity was found to be unaltered in all diseases that were examined. PMID- 7207509 TI - Animal model for EACA-induced myopathy. PMID- 7207510 TI - Identification of patients with cholesterol or pigment gallstones by discriminant analysis of radiographic features. AB - In a search for a way to distinguish cholesterol gallstones from pigment gallstones by oral cholecystography, we evaluated 56 patients with surgically confirmed cholelithiasis. Only buoyancy was highly predictive of gallstone composition: all 14 patients with floating stones had cholesterol stones (P less than 0.01), but only one third of the patients with cholesterol stones had stone buoyancy. Using a function derived by stepwise discriminant analysis, we separated patients with cholesterol stones from those with pigment stones. The predictive accuracy was significantly improved: sensitivity was 95 per cent (37 of 39 patients with cholesterol stones), specificity was 82 per cent (14 of 17 patients with pigment stones), and efficiency was 91 per cent (51 of 56 total patients). The resultant function, applied prospectively to 17 additional cases, classified all of them correctly. In patients with cholelithiasis and gallbladders visualized on oral cholecystography, discriminant analysis can improve the prediction of gallstone composition and the subsequent selection of medial or surgical therapy. PMID- 7207511 TI - Hemoglobin carbamylation in uremia. PMID- 7207512 TI - Mechanism of factor X deficiency in systemic amyloidosis. PMID- 7207514 TI - What's in a review. PMID- 7207513 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 14-1981. PMID- 7207515 TI - Academic medicine: no longer threadbare or genteel. PMID- 7207516 TI - Resuscitation from drowning in cold water. PMID- 7207517 TI - Induced hyponatremia for sickle-cell crisis. PMID- 7207518 TI - Delayed release of Sustaire. PMID- 7207519 TI - More on false-positive "Hemoccult" reaction with cimetidine. PMID- 7207520 TI - Serial thoracenteses in parapneumonic effusions. PMID- 7207521 TI - Iron-deficiency anemia and pica for tomato seeds. PMID- 7207522 TI - A naturally occurring antibody that inhibits fibrin polymerization. AB - A 13-year-old girl with chronic aggressive hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, ulcerative colitis, and a coagulation defect acquired an antibody that specifically interfered with fibrin formation. We sought to characterize the antibody and determine the mechanism of its inhibitory activity. The patient's purified fibrinogen was functionally normal; however, the antibody inhibited the self-assembly of fibrin and prolonged the clotting times of the patient's plasma. This antibody, which belonged to the IgG class of immunoglobulins, acted early in the polymerization process to inhibit the association of fibrin monomers, as indicated by a prolonged lag time and a decreased slope in the polymerization curves. It did not inhibit fibrinopeptide cleavage or fibrin cross-linking. Affinity chromatography indicated that the antibody bound strongly to both fibrinogen and fibrin monomer. PMID- 7207523 TI - Supplementary creatine as a treatment for gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. AB - Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina is a disease characterized by progressive constriction of visual fields, a 10-fold to 20-fold elevation in plasma ornithine, and depressed activity of L-ornithine:2 oxoacid aminotransferase. Morphologically conspicuous but clinically unimportant atrophy of Type II muscle fibers progresses concomitantly with the eye disease. A pathogenic component of the disease may be deficient formation of creatine, caused by hyperornithinemia, which leads to a shortage of cellular phosphocreatine energy stores. To test the therapeutic value of replenishing the postulated deficiency of creatine, we supplemented the diet of seven patients with 1.5 g of creatine daily. During one year of this treatment the diameters of Type II muscle fibers increased from 34.1 +/- 7.1 to 49.9 +/- 7.0 micron (mean +/ S.D.) (P less than 0.001). There was no significant increase in the diameters of Type I fibers. The visual-field tests showed no further constriction during the therapy. Fundus photography revealed slow impairment at an age otherwise associated with rapid progression of the disease. These promising preliminary results need further evaluation with long-term follow-up studies. PMID- 7207524 TI - Incomplete absorption of the carbohydrate in all-purpose wheat flour. PMID- 7207525 TI - Sounding Boards. Physicians and the containment of health-care costs. PMID- 7207526 TI - Sounding Boards. Physicians of the future. PMID- 7207527 TI - Angina pectoris precipitated by unheated water mattresses. PMID- 7207528 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a patient with meningoencephalitis. PMID- 7207529 TI - Conjunctivitis in human beings caused by influenza A virus of seals. PMID- 7207530 TI - Cancer-associated hypercalcemia. PMID- 7207531 TI - No effect of zinc on acetylating capacity. PMID- 7207532 TI - Traditional African medicine and eradication of smallpox. PMID- 7207533 TI - Contraceptive use of cervical caps. PMID- 7207534 TI - The gastrointestinal symptoms of running. PMID- 7207535 TI - Hazards of wood-burning stoves to children. PMID- 7207536 TI - Geographic distribution of Board-certified physicians. PMID- 7207537 TI - Technology assessment: then and now. PMID- 7207538 TI - Modification of residents' test-ordering behavior. PMID- 7207539 TI - Medical education in 1981. PMID- 7207540 TI - Malpractice suits and government physicians. PMID- 7207541 TI - Arrogance. PMID- 7207542 TI - Bacteriuria and survival in old age. AB - We studied the effect of asymptomatic bacteriuria on survival in 342 healthy residents of a home for the aged. At entry into the study 76 subjects (22 per cent) had bacteriuria on two consecutive urine cultures. There were no differences in age distribution, blood pressure, hematocrit, smoking habits, cholesterol, or myocardial changes between bacteriuric and nonbacteriuric subjects. Median survival was 53 and 75 months in nonbacteriuric men and women 70 to 79 years old, and 45 months in all nonbacteriuric subjects over 79; median survival of bacteriuric men and women aged 70 to 79 was 33 and 34 months, and that of those older was 31 and 29.5 months; the shorter survival of bacteriuric subjects was significant (P less than 0.003). These differences in mortality among subjects living under identical conditions and with equal prevalence of risk factors indicate that bacteriuria in old age is associated with a reduction in survival of 30 to 50 per cent. PMID- 7207543 TI - Law-medicine notes: new ethical-review policy for clinical medical research. PMID- 7207544 TI - Acute cholecystitis and thiazides. PMID- 7207545 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 16-1981. PMID- 7207546 TI - Health planning--demise or reformation? PMID- 7207548 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. PMID- 7207547 TI - Could endorphins be implicated in sudden-infant-death syndrome? PMID- 7207549 TI - Sodium transport in cystic fibrosis fibroblasts. PMID- 7207550 TI - Ethanol for ethylene glycol poisoning. PMID- 7207551 TI - Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. PMID- 7207552 TI - Duplicated hospital facilities. PMID- 7207553 TI - Spinal subarachnoid hematoma: a hazard of lumbar puncture resulting in reversible paraplegia. PMID- 7207554 TI - Antenatal treatment of hydrocephalus. PMID- 7207555 TI - Halothane hepatitis in three pairs of closely related women. PMID- 7207556 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 17-1981. PMID- 7207557 TI - Sounding board. Humanistic medicine in a modern age. PMID- 7207558 TI - Toxic-shock syndrome. PMID- 7207559 TI - Long-term digitalis therapy in heart failure. PMID- 7207560 TI - Acute colitis with methyldopa. PMID- 7207561 TI - Pericardial mesothelioma after exposure to asbestos. PMID- 7207562 TI - Computed tomography to determine the cause of primary aldosteronism. PMID- 7207563 TI - Hyperceruloplasminemia in hemochromatosis. PMID- 7207564 TI - Airplanes: medically underequipped. PMID- 7207565 TI - Blood pressure in acute and chronic vasopressin excess: studies of malignant hypertension and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. AB - We studied 29 patients with malignant hypertension and 28 patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion to assess the relation of plasma vasopressin to blood pressure in states of acute and chronic vasopressin excess. In the patients with malignant hypertension, vasopressin levels were elevated (13 +/- 2 pg per milliliter. [+/- S.E.M.]) but did not correlate with arterial pressure; however, in normal volunteers, blood pressure did not rise when vasopressin was increased beyond these levels through infusion of the peptide. In the patients with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, blood pressure was not elevated, but vasopressin was raised (39 +/- 7 pg per milliliter) and did not correlate with systolic or diastolic pressure. These data do not support the concept that an acute or chronic excess of vasopressin makes an important contribution to the regulation of blood pressure. PMID- 7207566 TI - Board-certified physicians in the United States: specialty distribution and policy implications of trends during the past decade. AB - Board certification is a universal ambition among graduates of American medical schools. It is a measure of postgraduate achievement and clinical ability that leads to staff appointments, promotions, clinical privileges, increased fees, and reduced malpractice premiums. The number of physicians receiving specialty-board diplomas each year has increased remarkably over the past 15 years. The annual mean for the years of 1976-1978 was 17,381--larger than the graduating medical class four years before. The number of board-certified physicians in medicine, surgery, and the clinical services increased from 106,300 in 1971 to 158,900 in 1978. The percentage of board-certified physicians in these fields has increased from 65 to 78 per cent. Board certification in family practice commenced in 1970 and is still increasing sharply (from 1523 [1970-1972] to 3444 [1976-1978]). The growth of internal medicine and its subjacent specialties is the most spectacular and has been more rapid than that of either surgery or the clinical services, in both which the board-certification rate and number of board-certified practitioners have stabilized since 1973. As board certification becomes a virtually universal criterion that carries the implication of de facto licensing, its social role should be reevaluated. PMID- 7207567 TI - Depression-dependent dyskinesias in two cases of manic-depressive illness. PMID- 7207568 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 18-1981. PMID- 7207569 TI - Vasopressin and blood pressure. PMID- 7207570 TI - Long-term consequences of opiate dependence. PMID- 7207571 TI - Competitive policy and the medical profession. PMID- 7207572 TI - Report from the Committee on Nutrition: advice on nutrition. PMID- 7207574 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. PMID- 7207573 TI - Postoperative radiation for breast cancer. PMID- 7207575 TI - TdT activity in bone-marrow serum in patients with leukemia. PMID- 7207576 TI - Vitamin C and iron overload. PMID- 7207577 TI - Undetected chromosome abnormalities in leukemia: a cautionary note. PMID- 7207578 TI - Case 3-1981: leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava. PMID- 7207579 TI - Incidence and location of accessory spleens. PMID- 7207580 TI - Case 2-1981: Cerebellar abscess. PMID- 7207581 TI - [Nutritional-physiological studies on acetylated fractions of protein from Vicia faba]. AB - The nutritional-physiological value of an easily soluble and of a difficulty soluble fraction of protein from Vicia faba (showing a degree of acetylation of 0%, 43% and 94%, respectively) was characterized by determining the amino-acid content, the enzymatic amino-acid availability and the nitrogen balance in the rat. The results from both the amino-acid analysis and the animal experiments on the biological value evidenced that the nutritional-physiological value of the easily soluble fraction of protein from Vicia faba is significantly lower, which is in particular attributable to its lower content of sulphur-containing amino acids. Acetylation did not reduce the nutritional-physiological value of the easily soluble fraction of protein from Vicia faba, and impaired that of the difficulty soluble fraction but slightly. From the viewpoint of nutritional physiology, there are no objections against the use of these protein fractions as food additives. PMID- 7207582 TI - A carbohydrate signal for intracellular transit. PMID- 7207583 TI - Infant-related influences on birth intervals in rhesus monkeys. AB - That a mother's relationship with her infant could influence her subsequent reproductive history can be argued as follows. A rhesus monkey infant whose next sibling is to be born in a succeeding birth season could compete with it by trying to postpone the date when its mother next conceives. If the mother preferred a shorter delay than the infant, processes of conflict and negotiation involving the two could show in some of the behavioural interactions constituting their relationship. For example, a mother could try to hasten the onset of her next pregnancy by trying to promote more independent behaviour in her infant, perhaps by rejecting some of its bids for contact. We report here studies on our rhesus monkey colony and other colonies which support this argument. PMID- 7207584 TI - Peripheral nerve grafts in hereditary leukodystrophic mutant mice (twitcher). AB - The twitcher mouse is a mutant affected by a form of leukodystrophy which shows close similarities to human globoid cell (Krabbe's) leukodystrophy. Transmission is by an autosomal recessive gene twi. Progressive loss of myelin sheaths from both central and peripheral nervous systems and the presence of inclusion-laden macrophages are characteristic findings. Morphological features of the twitcher have been described by Duchen et al. Nerve iso- and allografting have been used to determine the roles of axon and Schwann cell in a number of mouse and human nerve abnormalities. Schwann cells in a graft proliferate and become associated with regenerating host axons which grow through the graft into the host distal stump. In the twitcher, peripheral nerve axons do not degenerate but are thinner than normal, although there is considerable axonal degeneration in the central nervous system. In 15-day-old mutants, inclusions have been found in Schwann cells associated with apparently normal myelin sheaths. Grafting experiments might show whether the phenotype of this mutant is fully expressed in the Schwann cell, or if axons are also involved. In previous experiments, survival of transplanted Schwann cells was achieved by the use of T cell-suppressed or nude mice. We report here that a twitcher nerve transplanted in immunologically unsuppressed animals reproduces all the characteristic features of leukodystrophy and conversely that Schwann cells from unaffected mice can produce normal myelin when associated with twitcher axons. PMID- 7207586 TI - Pituitary slump. PMID- 7207585 TI - Functional nuclei of LPS-nonresponder C3H/HeJ mice after transfer into LPS responder C3H/HeN cells by cell fusion. AB - Splenic lymphocytes of C3H/HeJ mice are defective in responding to the mitogenic activity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which has been attributed to a mutation at a single gene locus on chromosome 4 (ref. 5). It was suggested that C3H/HeJ mice lack a cell-surface receptor necessary for LPS recognition. However, specific binding of 125I-labelled lipid-A of LPS to B cells was found to be equivalent in LPS-responder and LPS-nonresponder C3H/HeJ, C57BL/10 ScCR and C57BL/10 ScN mice. This suggests that the genetic defect in C3H/HeJ mice is related to triggering mechanisms rather than to LPS binding. We recently established a method for separating mouse splenic lymphocytes into karyoplasts (minicells) and cytoplasts (enucleated cells) with high purity. This method makes possible the exchange of nuclei from one type of lymphocyte to another. In the present study, karyoplasts were purified from LPS-nonresponder C3H/HeJ mice and transferred to mitomycin C-treated or X ray-irradiated splenic lymphocytes taken from LPS-responder C3H/HeN mice by fusion with polyethyleneglycol. These reconstituted hybrid cells could respond to LPS, suggesting that nuclei from C3H/HeJ mice could be activated by LPS if proper signals were provided from cell surface receptors. Moreover, responsiveness to concanavalin A (Con A) of mitomycin C-treated or X ray-irradiated lymphocytes was also recovered by the microinjection of karyoplasts from untreated lymphocytes. PMID- 7207589 TI - Antipodean 2,4,5-T. PMID- 7207588 TI - Recombination suppression of mouse t-haplotypes due to chromatin mismatching. AB - We show here that recombination occurs at the normal rate in compound female mice containing two different complementing lethal haplotypes (th17/tw12) where there is a long stretch of homologous t-mutant chromatin. Thus the recombination suppression of a complete t-haplotype cannot be due to an intrinsic factor(s) which suppresses along the length of its own chromosome but is due to 'mismatching' of wild-type and mutant chromatin. Naturally occurring t-haplotypes of mouse chromosome 17 have several interesting genetic properties. First, they are always transmitted from males in much higher proportions than mendelian expectation; presumably this accounts for the maintenance of lethal and semilethal t-haplotypes at polymorphic levels in populations of wild mice. t Haplotypes also show recombination suppression. The conventional map distance between genetic markers T and tf is 7-12 cM, whereas in (t/+) heterozygotes for naturally occurring t-haplotypes, recombination is suppressed and T and tf seem to be separated by only 0.1-0.5 cM (ref. 1). The region of recombination suppression extends to and includes the major histocompatibility complex (H-2). Thus t and H-2 effectively travel as a single unit-- a 'super gene'. Although recombination suppression is known to be accompanied by failure of chiasmata formation, the mechanism underlying the suppression has remained an enigma. Lyon suggested a disorder of t-heterochromatin and more recently a change in 'intercalary' middle repetitive DNA. She proposed that either t-chromatin is intrinsically incapable of participating in crossing-over, or chiasma formation is prevented because of mismatching and mispairing of normal and abnormal chromatin. We have measured recombinant between two chromosomes which carried extensive overlapping segments of t-chromatin. We report here that in this configuration, recombination occurs at a normal rate, and thus we conclude that cross-over suppression is due to mismatching. PMID- 7207590 TI - Cell contamination. PMID- 7207587 TI - Altered expression of the calcitonin gene associated with RNA polymorphism. AB - The selective control of gene expression results in diversified morphology and physiological function. Understanding the expression of differentiated function in molecular terms requires detailed characterization of the regulation of mRNA synthesis and catabolism. Although considerable emphasis has been placed on transcriptional control, the discovery of HnRNA and 'split genes' gives rise to the possibility of post-transcriptional regulation at the level of processing of nuclear precursors. A rat calcitonin-producing medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) line was used as a model for definition of certain aspects in regulation of gene expression. Serial transplantation of several rat MTC lines containing and secreting large amounts of calcitonin generated tumours in which calcitonin biosynthesis was decreased more than 10-fold. We report here that the conversion from a 'high' to a 'low' calcitonin producing state is associated with specific modifications of the calcitonin mRNA synthetic pathway and a consequence of these changes seems to be the production of a new cytoplasmic mRNA. PMID- 7207591 TI - Regulation of adenovirus-2 gene expression at the level of transcriptional termination and RNA processing. AB - The major late adenovirus-2 transcription unit is active early in infection at a rate equal to that of the other early transcription units. However, transcripts seem to terminate early in infection near map position 60-70 in contrast to late in infection, when termination occurs at map position 99. RNA processing, both poly(A) site selection and splicing, results in the production of a single L1 mRNA during early infection. All these processes are in contrast to those occurring late in infection, indicating that the events of transcriptional termination, poly(A) site selection and splicing can change depending on the conditions of the cell and therefore can participate in the regulation of gene expression. PMID- 7207592 TI - Two distinct mechanisms of fibroblast adhesion. AB - The adhesion of cells to the connective tissue matrix is commonly thought to be governed by fibronectin, a pericellular glycoprotein with binding sites for cell surfaces, collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Here we report evidence that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells possess an alternative mechanism for adhesion which is independent of fibronectin. Cells of a variant CHO clone called ADvF11 are defective in their ability to adhere to fibronectin-coated substrata, but can adhere to a substratum coated with SAM (substrate-attached material), a pericellular material produced by fibroblasts. The adhesion of wild-type CHO cells to fibronectin-coated substrate and adhesion of ADvF11 cells to SAM-coated substrata are differentially sensitive to proteolytic treatment. This suggests that there are two distinct adhesion mechanisms for CHO cells, only one of which is dependent on fibronectin. PMID- 7207593 TI - Inter-hemispheric competition during postnatal development. AB - Functional asymmetries between the two sides of the brain, a well documented phenomenon in species as different as frog and man, are thought to arise from genetically determined anatomical differences which, at least in humans, may be observed in utero. Functional asymmetries can, however, be reversed after damage to one side of the brain. Here we report that rearing of kittens with the optic chiasm sectioned and one eyelid sutured during postnatal development results in a functional asymmetry in the corpus callosum, a bidirectional pathway which inter connects the visual cortices on the two sides of the brain. Visual input originating on the side of the brain ipsilateral to the sutured eye loses the ability to influence cells on the other side of the brain. Conversely, visual input originating on the side of the brain ipsilateral to the exposed eye markedly increases its influence in the other hemisphere. PMID- 7207594 TI - Oxygen-dependence of chromosomal aberrations in Fanconi's anaemia. AB - Fanconi's anaemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a high frequency of 'spontaneous' chromosomal aberrations and an increased risk of cancer. If, as seems plausible, the microscopically visible chromosomal aberrations in this disorder result from DNA or chromatin damage that would normally be repairable, the questions arise as to which step (or steps) in the repair process is deficient and whether the deficiency is intrinsic or the result of secondary factors. We report here that the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in FA lymphocyte cultures is positively related to oxygen tension and suggest that the site primarily affected by the FA mutation is in the complex system of defence (that is, protection and repair) against the genetic toxicity of oxygen. PMID- 7207595 TI - Immunotoxins: hybrid molecules of monoclonal antibodies and a toxin subunit specifically kill tumour cells. AB - Several attempts to attack tumours in experimental systems have been made using conjugates of chemotherapeutic agents or potent toxins with antibodies (immunotoxins). In vitro studies have been highly successful, showing target specificity of a high order in some cases. However, so far, such conjugates have been inadequate in vivo, probably for two main reasons. First, conventional heteroclonal antibodies are perhaps inappropriate, because purification by biochemical methods leaves a large amount of non-antibody gamma-globulins. The use of monoclonal antibodies may overcome this problem. Second, when whole toxins have been conjugated to antibodies there has been a strong residual nonspecific cytotoxicity due to the binding capacity of a subunit, the B-piece of the toxin. (Diphtheria toxin or ricin consist of two polypeptide subunits. The A-piece is responsible for inhibition of protein synthesis on ribosomes, and the B-piece binds to galactose residues on the cell membrane and facilitates the transmembrane passage of the A-piece.) In the present work the problem of nonspecific binding by the B-piece has been circumvented by using the A-piece only as the toxin component of immunotoxins; these immunotoxins are active both in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7207596 TI - An oestrogen receptor activator protein in rat uterine cytosol. AB - Earlier reports of oestrogen receptor binding to DNA indicated that a protein which does not bind oestrogen might be involved in the conversion of the 4S oestradiol receptor to the 5S form but no direct evidence for the existence of this protein was presented. This receptor transformation or activation step is thought to be a requirement for events in the nucleus. We considered it likely that such a protein might be similar to the cytoplasmic proteins which stimulate eukaryotic RNA polymerases. These are basic proteins which are not adsorbed to DEAE cellulose and have a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 3S. To examine this possibility, we fractionated unlabelled uterine cytosol by DEAE cellulose chromatography. Unlabelled cytosol was used to avoid the possibility that such a factor might be retained on the column as a component of the receptor -oestradiol complex. Here we present evidence of a protein present in uterine cytosol which forms a complex with the 4S form of the oestrogen receptor to produce a 5S-activated form. This activated form binds to uterine nuclei, DNA cellulose and native calf thymus DNA. The cytosol protein, which we call receptor activation factor, does not bind oestradiol, has a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 3S and does not bind to DEAE-cellulose. PMID- 7207597 TI - Causes of more frequent deletions than insertions in mutations and protein evolution. AB - Deletions and insertions of base pairs in dNA, jointly called gap events, are one of the major sources of evolutionary change at the molecular level. On the basis of very limited data, Fitch has suggested that deletions might be expressed more often than insertions in proteins. We have examined the presently available homologous protein sequences, and observed that in the course of evolution, deletions of amino acids have indeed occurred about four times more frequently than insertions. An even higher preponderance of deletions over insertions (ten times or more) is found in recent spontaneous and induced mutants of genes or proteins. We propose here a mutational mechanism to explain this predominance of deletions. PMID- 7207598 TI - Origin of cancer. PMID- 7207600 TI - Darwin's survival. PMID- 7207599 TI - How true is the theory of evolution? PMID- 7207601 TI - New IQ test? PMID- 7207602 TI - Directing toxins to cancer cells. PMID- 7207603 TI - Textons, the elements of texture perception, and their interactions. AB - Research with texture pairs having identical second-order statistics has revealed that the pre-attentive texture discrimination system cannot globally process third- and higher-order statistics, and that discrimination is the result of a few local conspicuous features, called textons. It seems that only the first order statistics of these textons have perceptual significance, and the relative phase between textons cannot be perceived without detailed scrutiny by focal attention. PMID- 7207605 TI - Cure for all ills. PMID- 7207604 TI - Estimate of risk from environmental exposure to radon-222 and its decay products. AB - Consideration of the epidemiological evidence on radiogenic lung cancer in uranium miners and of the incidence of the disease generally leads to an upper estimate for the lifetime risk of 10(-4) cases per working level month for members of the general population. PMID- 7207606 TI - US animal research: stricter safeguards. PMID- 7207607 TI - Cancer causation. PMID- 7207609 TI - Badger debate. PMID- 7207608 TI - Ethics of genes. PMID- 7207610 TI - The detection of cellular transforming genes. PMID- 7207611 TI - Proline and protein procrastination. PMID- 7207612 TI - Intergenic conversion and reiterated genes. PMID- 7207613 TI - Computers in the new laboratory. PMID- 7207614 TI - Genetic control for sibling recognition? AB - The ability to distinguish between kin and non-kin is critical to current theories of altruistic behaviour and kin selection. Hamilton predicted that individuals would behave differently towards one another depending on the genetic relatedness between them. When either proximity to or familiarity with kin is a good predictor of relatedness, the mechanism by which favouritism towards kin is accomplished may not require special kin recognition abilities. However, if proximity and familiarity are poor predictors of kinship, favouritism (hence increases in inclusive fitness) could only be achieved by the differential recognition of kin and non-kin. We have previously shown that Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) tadpoles reared with siblings prefer to associate with siblings over non-siblings. The present study is the first to report that totally naive individuals (R. cascadae tadpoles) prefer to associate with siblings over non siblings. Because tadpoles were separated before hatching and reared apart from other individuals, results suggest that the ability of these tadpoles to discriminate between siblings and non-siblings has some innate component. PMID- 7207615 TI - Substrate-adhering lymphoid cells show impaired tumorigenicity and increased immunogenicity. AB - Cell adhesiveness is fundamental to a variety of biological phenomena, including tumour development and metastasis. Recently, Bubenik et al. have reported that in various malignant fibroblastoid cell lines those cells which demonstrated less adhesiveness were more tumorigenic. The relationship between cell adhesiveness, transformation and metastasis has been studied extensively in cells (fibroblastoid) grown as monolayers attached to their substratum and to each other, but, to our knowledge, there has been no report describing this relationship in suspension-borne (lymphoid) cells that grow free of each other and their substratum. We report here that substrate-adhering variant cells, selected from the tumorigenic, suspension-growing S49 mouse lymphoma, have impaired tumorigenicity. Furthermore, the substrate-adhering cells also have increased immunogenicity, as their inoculation into mice protects the mice from subsequent challenges with parental, non-adherent tumorigenic S49 cells. These findings suggest a new approach for the selection of immunogenic cells from suspension-borne tumorigenic cell populations. PMID- 7207616 TI - Fibroblast traction as a mechanism for collagen morphogenesis. AB - To make visible the traction forces exerted by individuals cells, we have previously developed a method of culturing them on thin distortable sheets of silicone rubber. We have now used this method to compare the forces exerted by various differentiated cell types and have examined the effects of cellular traction on re-precipitated collagen-matrices. We find that the strength of cellular traction differs greatly between cell types and this traction is paradoxically weakest in the most mobile and invasive cells (leukocytes and nerve growth cones). Untransformed fibroblasts exert forces very much larger than those actually needed for locomotion. This strong traction distorts collagen gels dramatically, creating patterns similar to tendons and organ capsules. We propose that this morphogenetic rearrangement of extracellular matrices is the primary function of fibroblast traction and explains its excessive strength. PMID- 7207617 TI - Normal levels of natural cytotoxic cells against solid tumours in NK-deficient beige mice. AB - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) capable of in vitro lysis of various lymphoid and non-lymphoid tumours has been described in mice and other species, including man. NCMC has been proposed as a first level of defence against tumour growth in vivo, one which does not need the priming of the conventional immunological response. The effector cells of NCMC seem to belong to a special category of lymphoid cells, being neither classical T or B cells nor macrophages; natural killer (NK) cells have been proposed as the prototype effector cell, although some heterogeneity among effector cells seems to exist, depending on the target cells used for testing. Two main subgroups of NCMC effector cells have been defined: NK cells directed against lymphoma targets and natural cytotoxic (NC) cells directed against solid non-lymphoid tumours. We describe here another distinction between the two systems: while NK activity is low in mice homozygous for the beige (bg) gene NC activity in spleen cell preparations from these animals is comparable with that observed in the appropriate controls (bg/+ and +/+ littermates). The bg syndrome of mice affects lysosome, melanosome and enzymatic functions and is a homologue of the Chediak--Higashi syndrome of man. Defective NK activity in blood lymphocytes has also been reported in patients with Chediak--Higashi syndrome. We also show that several mouse strains which have low NK activity, have normal or high levels of NC functions, expanding our previous observation that NC and NK cells are under distinct genetic control. PMID- 7207619 TI - DNA guidelines for further attenuation. PMID- 7207618 TI - Transforming genes of carcinomas and neuroblastomas introduced into mouse fibroblasts. AB - We have previously demonstrated that DNA of mouse fibroblasts transformed by 3 methylcholanthrene (3-MC) induced foci of transformed cells when applied to monolayer cultures of NIH3T3 cells, which indicates that at least a part of this phenotype is encoded in DNA sequences. However, our conclusions were confined to the effects of DNAs of 3-MC-transformed mouse fibroblasts on recipient NIH3T3 cells, also of mouse fibroblast origin. To elucidate this phenomenon further, we have prepared DNAs from a series of mouse and non-mouse tumour lines of non fibroblastic origin and investigated whether tumour transforming genes can act across tissue and species barriers to transform NIH3T3 cells. We find that DNAs obtained from human, rabbit and mouse bladder carcinoma lines, a lung carcinoma line and rat neuroblastoma and mouse glioma lines, are able to induce transformation of NIH3T3 cells on transfection. PMID- 7207620 TI - Inherited tolerance? PMID- 7207621 TI - Genes pieced together--exons delineate homologous structures of diverged lysozymes. PMID- 7207622 TI - Hybrid myosins. PMID- 7207623 TI - Idiotype restriction in myasthenia gravis antibodies. PMID- 7207624 TI - Disposing of dioxins by oxidation. PMID- 7207625 TI - Destruction of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. AB - The release of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-T) containing 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at Seveso highlighted the need for an efficient control procedure for the highly toxic dioxin. The concomitant formation of the dioxin and the trichlorophenol during hydrolysis of sym tetrachlorobenzene has lead to demands for restrictions on the use of 2,4,5-T and related herbicides. An environmental hazard is also presented by pentachlorophenol which includes the more highly chlorinated dioxins, is particular octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD). The use of pholychlorophenol formulations has been banned in Sweden on the grounds that heat-stable chlorodioxins are formed during incineration; this also points to the need for degradation by chemical means. Dehalogenation of polychlorodibenzodioxins (PCDD) can be accomplished by photolysis in laboratory conditions, but material adsorbed on soil is little affected. Cleavage of the ether linkages with the formation of halophenols may be achieved by treatment with strong acids or quaternary ammonium salts. The dibenzodioxin nucleus, is however, rather resistant to chemical attack and in the absence of a suitable control procedure the use of 2,4,5-T has been restricted in the US by the Environmental Protection Agency. I now report the oxidative degeneration of TCDD and related compounds by ruthenium tetroxide. PMID- 7207626 TI - Absence of ocular dominance patches in dark-reared cats. AB - If a young monkey or kitten is monocularly deprived for a period of days of weeks, the ocular dominance stripes or patches formed in layer IV of the visual cortex by the geniculo-cortical afferents driven by that eye become smaller, while the patches formed by afferents from the other, experienced eye, spread out and increase in size. One explanation for this effect is that it results from a disturbance of competitive process which, during the first weeks of life, guides a "sorting out" of the initially intermixed right and left eye inputs into complementary, largely non-overlapping territories. One feature of this process may be a local interaction between right and left eye synapses in which like synapses reinforce each other's growth rates and cause rejection of the other eye's synapses. If this is the case, then the effect of monocular deprivation on the relative sizes of the two sets of columns can be explained by supposing that the strengths of the effects exerted by the deprived eye are reduced. This explanation has a testable consequence: if both eyes are deprived of vision then each eye should be made less effective in eliminating the other eye's inputs, and the overall rate at which the ocular dominance columns form should be decreased. Although LeVay et al. found that columns were present in a 7-week old monkey reared in the dark from the age of 3 days, this result does not necessarily imply that the rate of column formation had been normal, because in normal monkeys the columns are well developed by 3 or more weeks of age. I report here the results of transneuronal autoradiography in cats, which show that columns, as revealed anatomically, are undetectable in most parts of the visual cortex of cats reared in the dark for periods of up to 20 weeks, implying that visual experience is necessary for their proper formation. PMID- 7207627 TI - Common precursor of lysozymes of hen egg-white and bacteriophage T4. AB - The lysozymes of hen egg-white and bacteriophage T4 have similar catalytic properties but their amino acid sequences are not homologous. The question therefore arises whether they are derived from a common ancestral protein or have arisen independently. On the basis of the data we have gathered, it is shown here that the two enzymes are similar in the conformation of their backbones, in their modes of binding substrates, in specific protein--substrate interactions and in their presumed modes of action. We conclude that the two enzymes have diverged from a common precursor. This seems to be the most convincing example to date of the divergence of proteins with nonhomologous amino acid sequences. PMID- 7207628 TI - Unusual filterable oncogenic agent isolated from horizontally transmitted Syrian hamster lymphomas. AB - An outbreak of horizontally transmitted malignant lymphoma in an experimental hamster holding facility was previously reported. Retroviridae (oncornavirus) or other conventional oncogenic viruses (oncodnaviruses) could not be detected in these lymphomas by immunological methods, direct isolation procedures or electron microscopy but an infectious agents was clearly involved. The incidence of lymphomas during five recurrent epidemics ranged from 50 to 90% in young, inbred and random-bred Syrian golden hamster exposed. The agent seemed to be resistant to UV inactivation, formaldehyde vapour and other viricidal agents (chlorine and iodine), and stable for long periods in the absence of hamster hosts in the contaminated facility. Associated disease syndromes in exposed hamster included severe enteritis, pyelonephritis, the occasional appearance of warts, poor breeding efficiency and intussusception. We now report the successful, cell-free isolation of an unusual, filterable agent prepared in protamine sulphate buffer from primary and animal-passaged lymphomas, which produces lymphomas with good efficiency when injected subcutaneously (s.c.) into newborn Syrian inbred (LSH) and random-bred (LVG) hamster. The agent could be reisolated from these induced lymphomas and injected into other hamsters to reproduce the neoplastic condition. It showed characteristics suggested for a mammalian viroid (a non-encapsidated, DNase-sensitive low-molecular-weight, disease-causing, self-replicating, naturally infectious nucleic acid). PMID- 7207629 TI - Natural occurrence but lack of melanotrophic activity of gamma-MSH in fish. PMID- 7207630 TI - Giant human erythrocytes by electric-field-induced cell-to-cell fusion. PMID- 7207631 TI - Infrared Photoacoustic spectroscopy of skin lipids. PMID- 7207632 TI - A new approach to make toxoid eliciting good IgM and/or IgG but little IgE antibody responses. PMID- 7207633 TI - Selective depression of 2,4-dinitrophenol depolarized canine Purkinje fibers by lidocaine. AB - Concentrations of lidocaine which minimally decrease conduction and excitability of normal canine Purkinje fibers markedly decrease these parameters in fibers depolarized by metabolic depression (DNP superfusion). The decrease in Vmax and the slowing of the post-stimulation recovery of Vmax by lidocaine are also more marked during DNP superfusion than during superfusion with a DNP-free salt solution. Since these effects could be reversed by a lidocaine-free DNP superfusion, it is concluded that lidocaine selectivity depresses the electrical activity of tissue depolarized by the metabolic inhibitor DNP. This selective depressive action of lidocaine is similar to that observed in cardiac tissues depolarized by other means. PMID- 7207634 TI - Metabolism of 3H-noradrenaline released from isolated rat hypothalamus by extracts of black widow spider glands. AB - In the isolated rat hypothalamus preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline, an extract from the venom glands of Latrodectus mactans elicited on overflow of tritium which consisted of 70--71% 3H-noradrenaline and 18% 3H-3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol. Exposure to cocaine or pargyline diminished the formation of 3H-3,4 dihydroxyphenylglycol, suggesting that the glycol is formed presynaptically after neuronal reuptake of the transmitter released by the venom. Our data suggest that the venom depolarizes the noradrenergic neurones of rat hypothalamus, and that the depolarization leads to calcium-dependent release of 3H-noradrenaline. PMID- 7207635 TI - The locomotor effect of clonidine and its interaction with alpha-flupenthixol or haloperidol in the developing rat. AB - The interaction of clonidine with alpha-flupenthixol and haloperidol on the locomotion was investigation in the rat during postnatal development. A subcutaneous injection of clonidine 0.039--3.9 mu mol/kg produced a marked hypermotility in infant animals between day 1 and day 7 but hypomotility in animals older than 20 days. Pretreatment with alpha-flupenthixol and haloperidol significantly reduced clonidine-hypermotility in infants. In adult rats, clonidine-hypomotility were increased by a preceding administration of alpha flupenthixol. It is suggested that intact function of both alpha-adrenoceptors and dopamine receptors is involved in the control of locomotor activity in developing rats and that there is the complex interaction of noradrenergic and dopaminergic system in the control of locomotor activity. PMID- 7207637 TI - Molecular characteristics of human platelet monoamine oxidase. AB - The monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) selective inhibitor J-508 (N-methyl-N-propargyl (1-indanyl)-ammonium chloride) appears to interact with MAO-B in a manner consistent with a "suicide" reaction. Because of this property, J-508 could be used, under the appropriate conditions, to "titrate" the concentration of MAO-B active centres in the human platelet, although some non-specific binding of this compound to sites other than the active centre of this enzyme form was found, thus limiting the accuracy of the titration method. The molecular characteristics of human platelet MAO-B (Km, Vmax, approximate enzyme concentrations and molecular turnover members) towards three of its monoamine substrates have been estimated. The natural variation of platelet MAO-B activity from individual to individual is due to a variation in the Vmax without a variation in the Km towards benzylamine is substrate, and is based, at least in part, upon a variation in the concentration of this enzyme form. PMID- 7207636 TI - Pars compacta of the substantia nigra modulates motor activity but is not involved importantly in regulating food and water intake. AB - Precise, bilateral radio-frequency lesions of pars compacta of the substantia nigra in rats resulted in the immediate and sustained appearance of hyperactivity, but such lesions did not produce significant alterations in food or water intake. These behavioral effects were correlated with considerable, histochemically assessed loss of dopamine terminals in the caudate-putamen complex, but dopamine innervation in nucleus accumbens and other forebrain areas was only slightly affected. The magnitude of motor activity increase was positively correlated with the degree of pars compacta involvement. Animals with lesions in the median raphe and adjacent reticular formation also displayed chronic hyperactivity. In contrast to rats receiving discrete radio-frequency lesions of pars compacta, animals with bilateral mesencephalic ablations produced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 8 micrograms/4 microliters or 4 micrograms/2 microliters in combination with desipramine pretreatment) displayed poverty of movement. Furthermore, significant, dose-dependent decrements in food and water intake were seen after 6-OHDA. The nonselective component of such lesions was frequently large and irregular in shape. Occasional ablations produced by this neurotoxin, however, appeared more selective in that damage was confined primarily to pars compacta. Nonetheless, the best correlate of aphagia and adipsia associated with 6-OHDA treatment was lesion size, regardless of the extent of pars compacta or other nigral involvement. We conclude that aphagia and adipsia concomitant to 6-OHDA lesions of the substantia nigra results from the incidental destruction of extra-nigral systems. Virtually complete, but precise, lesions of pars compacta do not produce aphagia and adipsia. While our results are consistent with the notion that the substantia nigra serves an important role in the regulation of motor activity, they provide no support for the conjecture that it is importantly involved in mediating ingestive behaviors. PMID- 7207638 TI - Protective effect of anionic cholecystographic agents against phalloidin on isolated hepatocytes by competitive inhibition of the phallotoxin uptake. Comparison of the influence on the inward transport of 3H-demethylphalloin and of 14C-cholate. AB - Several anionic substances used for cholecystography inhibit the development of protrusions in isolated hepatocytes in response to phalloidin. Drugs from the iopodate family were equieffective with those of th iodipamide type. The above protective effect results from a competitive inhibition of the phallotoxin uptake as shown for iopodate. Cholecystographic agents similarly inhibit the inward transport of cholic acid in a competitive manner. The inhibition of the phallotoxin response is inversely correlated with the uptake of 3H demethylphalloin (r = 0.94) and with the inward transport of cholate (r = 0.84) at various inhibiting concentrations of iopodate. PMID- 7207639 TI - Effect of histamine in sinus node arrested with reserpine. AB - Histamine restored spontaneous activity in the isolated rabbit sinus node arrested with reserpine. This fact suggests that catecholamines are not the unique activators of adenylate cyclase required for cardiac pacemaking, and may be replaced by histamine. PMID- 7207640 TI - Direct evidence for an axonal site of action of capsaicin. AB - Local application of capsaicin to the sciatic nerve of rats induced a long lasting increase in the nociceptive threshold as tested by the hot-plate method, and prevented neurogenic inflammation in the lateral part of the dorsal skin of the rat's paw. Application of capsaicin to the saphenous nerve prevented the neurogenic inflammatory response, induced either by antidromic electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve or by painting the skin with mustard oil, in the medial part of the dorsal skin of the paw. The functional impairment induced by local capsaicin treatment of saphenous or sciatic nerves was strictly confined to the skin area supplied by the corresponding nerve. It is suggested that local capsaicin treatment of peripheral nerves selectively damages the chemosensitive nerve fibres presumably by depleting their substance P content. PMID- 7207641 TI - Modulation by endogenous dopamine of the release of acetylcholine in the caudate nucleus of the rabbit. AB - Slices of the caudate nucleus of rabbits were preincubated with 3H-choline and then superfused. Stimulation by electrical pulses at 3 Hz or by 25 mmol/l potassium elicited an increase in tritium outflow which was calcium-dependent and, in the case of electrical stimulation, tetrodotoxin-sensitive. The dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine (0.01-1 mumol/l) decreased, whereas the antagonist haloperidol increased the electrically evoked overflow of tritium. Nomifensine and cocaine, used at concentrations known to inhibit the re-uptake of dopamine, also reduced the evoked overflow of tritium, and this reduction was antagonized by haloperidol. Combined pretreatment with reserpine and alpha-methyltyrosine methylester (alpha-MT), which lowered dopamine levels by 99.5%, increased the electrically evoked overflow, as did bretylium which is shown here to block action potential-induced release of dopamine. The facilitation by haloperidol and bretylium as well as the inhibition by nomifensine and cocaine were diminished or abolished after pretreatment with reserpine plus alpha-MT. Apomorphine decreased, and haloperidol increased, the potassium-evoked overflow of tritium; the effects were not changed by tetrodotoxin. The results indicate that the striatal dopamine receptors which, when activated, depress the release of acetylcholine, are akin to the D-2 type. Endogenous dopamine also acts on the receptors as shown by several manipulations with known effects on dopaminergic transmission. A large fraction of these dopamine receptors may be located on the cholinergic axon terminals. PMID- 7207642 TI - The use of the De Deckere-Ten Hoor preparation for study of nicotinic and potassium-evoked dopamine beta-hydroxylase release from the rabbit heart. AB - 1. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and noradrenaline were determined both in the venous effluent (perfusate) and in the transmyocardial fluid (TMF) collected from the apex of the rabbit isolated heart which was prepared according to De Deckere and Ten Hoor (1977) and perfused with Tyrode's solution at 20 ml/min. 2. Perfusion for 2 min with the nicotinic drug, p-aminophenethyl-trimethylammonium (PAPETA), both in the absence of presence of atropine evoked noradrenaline overflow into the perfusate and TMF that was maximal in the 0-2 min sample and declined from maximum with a t 1/2 of 0.6 min. DBH was released into TMF with the maximum from 2-4 min and a t 1/2 of decline of 5.6 min. 3. High K-low Na solution containing 54 mM KCl was perfused for 4 min. The maximum outputs of noradrenaline into the perfusate and TMF occurred between 2 and 4 min and that of DBH into TMF 2 min later. The t 1/2 of decline from the maxima were similar to those after PAPETA but the output ratio DBH/noradrenaline was 5 times that after PAPETA. 4. Both chemical stimuli were not observed to increase the DBH content of the perfusates. The noradrenaline concentration in the TMF was 3 times that in the perfusates. 5. It is concluded that TMF reflects concentration changes in the synaptic region more truly than the venous effluent does. TMF is particularly suitable for determination of DBH output of the heart; the DBH concentration is higher than in the perfusate and its washout faster than from the conventional Langendorff preparation. PMID- 7207644 TI - Degranulation of rat mast cells in vitro by the fungal cytolysins phallolysin, rubescenslysin and fascicularelysin. AB - Phallolysin from Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr.) Secr., rubescenslysin from Amanita rubescens (Pers. ex Fr.) Gray, and fascicularelysin from Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds. ex Fr.) Kummer, in vitro caused disruption of mast cells in rat mesentery. The mast-cell-degranulating potency of rubenscenslysin and fascicularelysin roughly corresponded to their haemolytic potency; the dose response curves were extremely steep and the cells were either completely destroyed or remained intact. The action of rubescenslysin and fascicularelysin was very fast: at 37 degrees C 95 resp. 90% of the cells were disrupted within 5 min. Phallolysin degranulated mast cells only at 10-50-fold haemolytic concentrations; the concentration-response curve was flatter, and the effect less radical: a high percentage of the cells underwent only incomplete degranulation. 75% of the cells were degranulated within 5 min. Fascicularelysin released marker molecules from both, lecithin and sphingomyelin liposomes. PMID- 7207643 TI - Uptake and metabolism of histamine in guinea-pig isolated atria and their relationship to the pharmacological responses. AB - 1. The uptake of radiolabelled 14C-histamine into guinea-pig isolated left atria was determined. 2. Mepyramine up to 10(-7) M had no significant effect upon the uptake of total radioactivity. Metiamide (10(-4) M) produced a small but not significant inhibition of uptake. SK & F 91581 (10(-4) M) and amodiaquine (10(-4) M) both significantly inhibited uptake by 48.2 +/- 4.2 and 56.7 +/- 1.2% respectively. 3. The metabolism profiles of radiolabelled histamine after 5 and 30 min incubation were examined by thin-layer chromatography. 4. SK & F 91581 (10(-4) M) and amodiaquine (10(-4) M) reduced the proportion of N tau methylhistamine and acid metabolites after a 30 min incubation. The levels of unmetabolized histamine were elevated. This may explain their inhibitory action upon histamine uptake. 5. The effects of mepyramine, metiamide, SK & F 91581 and amodiaquine were then examined upon the positive inotropic and chronotropic responses of isolated left and right atria to histamine. 6. Mepyramine (10(-7) M) inhibited the positive inotropic responses only (H1), whereas metiamide (10(-4) M) inhibited the positive chronotropic responses only (H2). SK & F 91581 (10(-4) M) had no effect upon these responses and amodiaquine (10(-5) M) depressed the maxima of the rate response dose-response curves. 7. The relationship between uptake and metabolism of histamine and its pharmacological response is discussed. PMID- 7207645 TI - Reductive and oxidative metabolism of nitrofurantoin in rat liver. PMID- 7207646 TI - Differential effects of potassium on the potency of different opioids in the mouse vas deferens. AB - The effect of potassium on the potency of different opioids to inhibit electrically evoked twitches of the mouse vas deferens has been studied. In general, opioids lose activity as the concentration of potassium increases. Distinct differences, however, were observed between specific opiate receptor agonists. Least sensitive to the effect of potassium proved mu- and delta-opiate receptor agonists, showing only a 2-fold increase in the concentration required to cause a half-maximal inhibition at 14 mM K+. In contrast, the supposed dynorphin receptor/kappa-receptor agonists exhibited at this concentration up to an 8-fold loss of potency. Dynorphin1-13 was found to be intermediate with a 5 fold loss of inhibitory activity. These data suggest a modulatory action of potassium for dynorphin- and kappa-receptors. PMID- 7207648 TI - [Pedophilia]. PMID- 7207647 TI - Three classes of dopamine receptor (D-2, D-3, D-4) identified by binding studies with 3H-apomorphine and 3H-domperidone. PMID- 7207649 TI - [The treatment of acute skin gangrene (necrotizing fasciitis and progressive bacterial gangrene) with hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 7207650 TI - [Severe kidney function disorders during use of cimetidine (Tagamet)]. PMID- 7207651 TI - [Fever and liver function disorders caused by nomifensine (Alival)]. PMID- 7207652 TI - [Management and treatment of patients with cheilognathopalatoschisis]. PMID- 7207654 TI - [How certain are our medical certainties?]. PMID- 7207653 TI - [Asbestos: report of the symposium of the same name held in memory of Prof. J. Swieringa]. PMID- 7207655 TI - [WHO Expert Committee on diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7207656 TI - [Eye injuries following a visit to the fair]. PMID- 7207657 TI - [Medical consequences of torture; a study of refugees in the Netherlands]. PMID- 7207658 TI - [March fractures]. PMID- 7207659 TI - [Alveolar soft tissue sarcoma]. PMID- 7207660 TI - [Tampon disease in the Netherlands]. PMID- 7207661 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome ("tampon disease")]. PMID- 7207662 TI - [Treatment of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 7207663 TI - [Degenerative tendinitis of the shoulder]. PMID- 7207664 TI - [Feasibility of a study of the late sequelae of head and neck irradiation]. PMID- 7207665 TI - [Mesenteric cysts]. PMID- 7207666 TI - [Feasibility of a study of the late sequelae of ionizing irradiation in patients with head and neck disorders]. PMID- 7207667 TI - [Antibodies against poliovirus in students of a Dutch Reformed school community following the 1978 epidemic]. PMID- 7207668 TI - [Cancer incidence in the Netherlands Antilles: a fact-finding study covering the years 1974-1978]. PMID- 7207669 TI - [Wound infection following biliary tract surgery]. PMID- 7207670 TI - [Malignant histiocytosis as a cause of fever of unknown origin]. PMID- 7207671 TI - [Bronchial carcinoid; a discussion of 51 patients]. PMID- 7207672 TI - [Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations of the lung]. PMID- 7207673 TI - [Indications for and effects of vasodilating agents, especially in cerebral and peripheral vascular sclerosis]. PMID- 7207674 TI - [General anesthesia in minor surgical interventions]. PMID- 7207675 TI - [Q-fever in Dutch dairy cattle]. PMID- 7207676 TI - Spinal epidural abscess. PMID- 7207677 TI - Perinatal report: is routine iron supplementation necessary during pregnancy? PMID- 7207678 TI - Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska. PMID- 7207679 TI - [Relationship of pancreatic diseases to the C.N.S. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207680 TI - [Ratios of CSF protein fractions and their use in laboratory diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207681 TI - [Marriage partnerships of transsexuals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207682 TI - [Which patients drop out of psychiatric out-patient treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207683 TI - [Larva migrans visceralis (Toxocara canis) and the central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207685 TI - [Ischaemic strokes associated with cerebral neoplasm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207684 TI - [Effect of antidepressants on the secretion of pituitary hormones in healthy subjects, neurotic depressive patients and endogenous depressive patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207687 TI - [Therapeutic vacations, Part of the treatment of chronic mentally ill patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207686 TI - [Primary cerebral involvement in sarcomatosis of histiocytic reticulum cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207688 TI - [Is there disturbance of zinc metabolism in SMON? Response to the article "SMON" by O. Hallen]. PMID- 7207689 TI - Replacement therapy with L-thyroxine: serum thyroid hormone and thyrotropin levels in hypothyroid patients changing from desiccated thyroid to pure thyroxine substitution therapy. PMID- 7207691 TI - A subacute fluoride intoxication during treatment of osteoporosis with sodium fluoride (NaF): case report. PMID- 7207690 TI - Recurrence of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis after parenteral metronidazole therapy and cure by oral vancomycin: case report. PMID- 7207692 TI - Hepatitis B, report of a prospective longitudinal study. PMID- 7207693 TI - Thrombosis and bleeding in cancer patients. PMID- 7207694 TI - Failure of conventional treatment to prevent relapse of hepatic amoebiasis. PMID- 7207695 TI - Primary afferent depolarization. Distribution of the gamma-aminobutyric acid system in frog spinal cord. AB - In the frog spinal cord primary afferent depolarization (PAD) constitutes a powerful inhibitory control mechanism. It has been suggested that gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the transmitter substance involved in the genesis of PAD. In these studies we show that maximal glutamic acid decarboxylase activity is localized roughly 400-600 micrometers from the dorsal surface, and that correlates well with the intraspinal distribution of field potentials associated with PAD. Measurements of GABA in serial spinal cord sections cut in a dorsal- ventral direction shows that high levels of GABA are seen at 400--600 micrometers, with a peak at 800 micrometers from the dorsal surface. Stimulation at frequencies shown to produce PAD augments the release of endogenous GABA from a superfused frog hemicord preparation. PMID- 7207696 TI - Control of aerobic glycolysis in the brain in vitro. AB - Protoveratrine-(5 microM) stimulated aerobic glycolysis of incubated rat brain cortex slices that accompanies the enhanced neuronal influx of Na+ is blocked by tetrodotoxin (3 microM) and the local anesthetics, cocaine (0.1 mM) and lidocaine (0.5 mM). On the other hand, high [K+]-stimulated aerobic glycolysis that accompanies the acetylcholine-sensitive enhanced glial uptakes of Na+ and water is unaffected by acetylcholine (2 mM). Experiments done under a variety of metabolic conditions show that there exists a better correlation between diminished ATP content of the tissue and enhanced aerobic glycolysis than between tissue ATP and the ATP-dependent synthesis of glutamine. Whereas malonate (2 mM) and amino oxyacetate (5 mM) suppress ATP content and O2 uptake, stimulate lactate formation, but have little effect on glutamine levels, fluoroacetate (3 mM) suppresses glutamine synthesis in glia, presumably by suppressing the operation of the citric acid cycle, with little effect on ATP content, O2 uptake, and lactate formation. Exogenous citrate (5 mM), which may be transported and metabolized in glia but not in neurons, inhibits lactate formation by cell free acetone-dried powder extracts of brain cortex but not by brain cortex slices. These results suggest that the neuron is the major site of stimulated aerobic glycolysis in the brain, and that under our experimental conditions glycolysis in glia is under lesser stringent metabolic control than that in the neuron. Stimulation of aerobic glycolysis by protoveratrine occurs due to diminution of the energy charge of the neuron as a result of stimulation of the sodium pump following tetrodotoxin-sensitive influx of Na+; stimulation by high [K+], NH4+, or Ca2+ deprivation occurs partly by direct stimulation of key enzymes of glycolysis and partly by a fall in the tissue ATP concentration. PMID- 7207697 TI - Purification and immunochemical properties of choline acetyltransferase from human brain. AB - Choline acetyltransferase (CAT) was purified to homogeneity from 363 g of human neostriatum by means of ammonium sulfate and protamine sulfate fractionation, followed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, hydroxyapatite, phosphocellulose, and agarose-hexane-Co A columns. The final product migrated as a single component on 7.5% gels with or without SDS. It had a molecular weight of 66,000 daltons and a specific activity of 7.3 mumol acetylcholine formed per milligram protein per minute. Antibodies prepared in rabbits gave single precipitin lines against this protein on Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis plates. The CAT anti-CAT IgG complex migrated as a single band on gel electrophoresis, establishing the monospecificity of the antibodies. Strong cross-reactivity to the IgG was obtained with CAT from rat, rabbit, and guinea pig, but only weak reactivity with chicken. Fab fragments were prepared from the rabbit IgG and were used to stain CAT-containing neurons in the spinal cord and nerve endings at the neuromuscular junction using the PAP technique. PMID- 7207698 TI - Characterization of separated cell types from developing rat cerebellum. Transport of [3H]GABA by preparations enriched in Purkinje cells and astrocytes. AB - The characteristics of [3H]GABA transport were investigated in preparations greatly enriched in different classes of cerebellar cells. In contrast to observations in situ, isolated Purkinje cells readily accumulated [3H]GABA. In comparison with astrocytes, the Vmax of the high-affinity uptake process was sixfold higher (0.31 vs. 0.05 nmol/min/10(6) cells) and the apparent Kt twofold greater (2 vs. 1 microM). In contrast to these cell types, uptake was very low in granule cell-enriched preparations. cis-1,3-aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid was a potent inhibitor of [3H]GABA uptake by the Purkinje cells and a weak blocker in astrocytes, while the converse was the case for beta-alanine. Diaminobutyric acid strongly inhibited uptake in both cell types. [3H]GABA transport was Na+ dependent in both cell classes. However, veratridine and ouabain selectively blocked [3H]GABA accumulation in the Purkinje cells, which were also more sensitive than the astrocytes to the glycolysis inhibitor, NaF. The results indicated, therefore, marked differences between Purkinje cells and astrocytes in the properties of both the [3H]GABA transport systems and the underlying metabolic processes. PMID- 7207699 TI - Phospholipid methyltransferase asymmetry in synaptosomal membranes. AB - The sequential methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to form phosphatidylcholine is carried out by two methyltransferases in rat brain synaptosomes. The first enzyme methylates phosphatidylethanolamine to form phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. The second enzyme methylates the monomethylated phospholipid two additional times, forming phosphatidylcholine. Experiments comparing the rate of methylation between intact and lysed synaptosomes indicate that synaptosomes accumulate S-adenosyl-L-methionine and that the first methylation takes place on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. Studies comparing trypsin digestion of proteins in intact and lysed synaptosomes indicate that the first enzyme is localized on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane and the second enzyme faces the external surface. Phospholipase C hydrolyzed phosphatidylcholine formed by methylation, suggesting its localization in the external layer of the phospholipid bilayer. A mechanism for an enzyme mediated flip-flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic side to the outer surface of the synaptosomal plasma membrane is presented. PMID- 7207700 TI - Interaction of age and thyroid hormone status on beta-endorphin content in rat corpus striatum and hypothalamus. AB - These studies investigated the effect of aging on thyroid hormone regulation of beta-endorphin in rat corpus striatum and hypothalamus. In both brain areas, basal levels of beta-endorphin declined with age. In addition, age modified the response of beta-endorphin to thyroid hormone status. Hypothyroid rats aged 6 months (mature) exhibited a 67% mean decline in the level of beta-endorphin in the corpus striatum. Hypothyroid rats aged 20-24 months (senescent) exhibited no change in the level of beta-endorphin in the corpus striatum. Hypothyroid rats aged 6 months had a 28% mean decline in the level of hypothalamic beta-endorphin. There was no change in hypothalamic beta-endorphin content in hypothyroid senescent rats. Hyperthyroidism resulted in elevations of beta-endorphin in both the corpus striatum and hypothalamus in senescent, but not mature rats. Changes in beta-endorphin seen with age are at least in part thyroid hormone dependent. In addition, age is capable of modifying the response of brain tissue to thyroid hormone. PMID- 7207701 TI - Pituitary function in the empty sella syndrome. PMID- 7207702 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test as a measure of hypothalamic-pituitary feedback sensitivity and its relationship to behavioral arousal. AB - A nonhuman primate model was used to evaluate the value of the dexamethasone suppression test as an index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to arousal. In 8 rhesus monkeys plasma cortisol was suppressed by dexamethasone in a dose-dependent fashion at doses between 0.75 and 33 microgram/kg. A replication study was performed 5 months later using a single dexamethasone dose (17 microgram/kg) known to produce maximal plasma cortisol suppression. This yielded highly correlated results (r = 0.91, p less than 0.005) suggesting that dexamethasone suppressibility may be a stable characteristic of individual animals. In 9 other animals whose arousal responses to a stressful procedure (nasogastric tube insertion) had been rated daily over a previous 3-month period, baseline plasma cortisol levels and the percent suppression of plasma cortisol by dexamethasone were evaluated. Baseline plasma cortisol levels did not significantly correlate with the degree of dexamethasone-suppression and the mean arousal ratings within animals. However, the postdexamethasone percent of baseline cortisol did correlate significantly (r = 0.75, p less than 0.025) with individual mean arousal ratings. These preliminary results suggest that assessment of the sensitivity of an individual's hypothalamic-pituitary glucocorticoid feedback system may be a better predictor than its baseline cortisol concentrations of its degree of behavioral arousal to stress. PMID- 7207703 TI - [Automatic recognition of age - specific development of the EEG in infancy and early childhood - a five year follow-up study (author's transl)]. AB - This study was initiated with a view to early detection of dysfunctions of the central nervous system (CNS) and to observe the physiological development of the CNS by means of EEG obtained in the age-groups: new-born, half, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years. This was supported by standardized clinical examinations for neurological and somatic findings and by standardized tests of psychomotoric and intellectual development. In this investigation the data as used for automatic processing consisted of 110 EEGs in the age-groups: half, 1, 2, 3 and 4 years. Bipolar EEGs were recorded using "ten-twenty" method with the following leads: F4--C4, P4--O2, F3--C3 and P3--O1. For feature extraction three methods of data reduction were applied, i.e. interval-amplitude, spectral analysis and the autoregressive model. From the features thus obtained, age-specific frequency parameters were selected by statistical methods; further evaluation was performed by cluster and discriminant analysis. The former showed an unequivocal case grouping for each age-group. Using unmatched samples of only clinically healthy children from the three age-groups 1/2, 1 and 2 years, linear discriminant analysis were applied to the parameters of the three methods of data reduction. This procedure yields in mean recognition rates of 95%, 98% resp. 98% in hold-one-out classification. Similar results are obtained with samples from four or five age groups (1/2 to 4 years). The results of this type of automatic EEG analysis show that discriminant analysis can be used to allocate EEGs to specific age-groups; hence, it may readily be ascertained whether differences between chronological age and development age as evidenced by the EEG exist. PMID- 7207704 TI - Cranial computerized tomography in cerebral palsy. An attempt at anatomo-clinical and radiological correlations. AB - Eighty infants with cerebral palsy including monoplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia, hemiplegia, choreoathetosis, hypotonia with mental retardation and cerebellar ataxia, underwent Computed Cranial Tomography (CCT). Specific morphological anomalies such as ventricular dilatation with or without diverticulum, cortical atrophy, low density areas and calcifications, occur with varying frequency in each clinical groups. There exists a good correlation between the pathogenesis of the lesions, clinical data and CCT pictures. PMID- 7207705 TI - Sleep states and behavior patterns in preterm and fullterm infants. AB - The sleep states and state-related behaviors of 10 preterm infants were naturalistically observed at 37 and 41 weeks CA; 20 fullterm infants were also observed at 41 weeks CA. Respiration was recorded in synchrony with the behavioral observations. At 41 weeks CA the preterm infants seemed more mature than the fullterm infants on some measures, and less mature on others. These results indicate global differences in state organization, although neither the causes nor the consequences of these differences are currently known. PMID- 7207706 TI - Cry analysis of infants with karyotype abnormality. AB - Sound spectrography was used to analyze 135 pain cries from 14 infants with a karyotype abnormality. At the time of the cry recording the children were from one day to seven months old, except for one child who was 2 years 10 months at the second recording. The cries were compared with 30 pain cries from 15 healthy infants of corresponding age. The children with an abnormality of chromosome 4 or 5 had cries with a significantly higher fundamental frequency than the control infants. Additionally, the cry in the "Cri-du-Chat" syndrome had a flat, monotonous melody type. The cries of infants with 13- or 18-trisomy were hoarse, low-pitched, with the shift parts absent. The cries in karyotype abnormalities were also different from pain cries of infants with other disorders involving the central nervous system. This study suggests that cry analysis can provide a valuable indication of the presence of a chromosome anomaly. PMID- 7207707 TI - Intermittent neurological symptoms in a girl with a maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) variant. AB - Severe neurological symptoms, including intermittent ataxia, hallucinations and convulsions, associated with metabolic acidosis and branched-chain amino-acidemia occurred in a six-year-old girl with a variant form of maple syrup urine disease. The symptoms only appeared during periods of infection. Between these periods the girl was healthy and the biochemical findings were normal. In later episodes of infection the condition was successfully treated with a low protein diet and sodium bicarbonate. Analyses of 1-14C-leucine decarboxylase in fibroblasts revealed 10 per cent of normal activity in the girl and 50-70 per cent in the parents. The importance of early diagnosis of MSUD variants is discussed. This is the first published Swedish case of MSUD variant. PMID- 7207708 TI - Computerized tomographic findings in a case of ataxia-telangiectasia (Louis-Bar syndrome). AB - The typical cerebellar atrophy of ataxia-telangiectasia could clearly be recognized in a 9-year-old girl with clinical, immunologic and chromosomal findings of this disease by computerized cranial tomography. The study revealed more morphological details than could be expected from pneumoencephalography performed in the patient without result at the age of 2 years. PMID- 7207709 TI - Rectal biopsy findings in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. AB - A 21-month-old boy with a family history of parental consanguinity and two siblings having died of a progressive neurological disorder was investigated for a neurometabolic disease because of recent loss of gait and lack of intellectual progress. While a lysosomal disease could not be verified, his clinical findings were compatible with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, the diagnosis of which was electron microscopically established by demonstrating typical enlarged axonal terminals in rectal biopsy tissue. PMID- 7207710 TI - Behavioural responses to drugs releasing 5-hydroxytryptamine and catecholamines: effects of treatments altering precursor concentrations in brain. PMID- 7207711 TI - Temporal patterning of neuronal activity during thermal and neurochemical stimulation of the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus of the awake rabbit. PMID- 7207712 TI - Kainic acid neurotoxicity and seizures. PMID- 7207713 TI - The action of some chemical irritants on somatosensory receptors of the cat. PMID- 7207714 TI - [The day center for adolescents. Concerning certain behavior and attitudes of the therapeutic team (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207715 TI - [Theoretical bases of family therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207716 TI - [Training in family therapy in Quebec (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207717 TI - [Teaching of medical psychology and psychiatry to medical students of Laval University in Quebec (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207718 TI - [Birth of a research division (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207719 TI - [Psychophysiological approach to mental deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207720 TI - [How to use Piagetian theory for practice, in the field of mental deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207722 TI - [Relationships between cognitive development and intervention in mental deficiency. Data on the sensory motor period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207721 TI - [Learning logical structures as a means of investigating the functioning of the mentally retarded. An illustration based on the long-term comparison of retarded and non-retarded children subject or not to Piagetian learning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207723 TI - [Dynamic approach to mental deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207724 TI - [Place, role ad function of psychodynamic orientation with regard to mental deficiency in an institution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207725 TI - [Some considerations on the care of profoundly retarded children in a day hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207726 TI - [The behavioural model, its foundations, methods and value (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207727 TI - [Quality of the special classroom for the mentally retarded. A behavioral approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207728 TI - [The subjects are not deficient, but the rehabilitation is deficient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207730 TI - [Mental deficiency: a misleading "average truth". Introduction to the articulation of theory and practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207729 TI - [Home project. An experience of early home care (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207731 TI - [The effect of television on children aged less than six years with reference to an experiment in the school environment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207732 TI - [Psychological problems of the child as TV-viewer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207733 TI - [Influence of television on child and adolescent psyche (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207734 TI - [The interaction between television and children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207735 TI - [Childhood epileptic crises in front of the television screen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7207736 TI - Cervical carotid dissecting aneurysms. AB - Thirteen cases of cervical carotid dissecting aneurysm have been seen at the University of Florida during the past 3 years. In our experience, two groups of patients with this disease can be distinguished clearly by either clinical or angiographic criteria. One group of cervical carotid dissecting aneurysms is characterized by spontaneous onset, unilaterality, and the absence of pseudoaneurysm formation. These lesions have a strong tendency to resolve with appropriate medical therapy. The other group is characterized by an association with obvious predisposing factors, such as fibromuscular dysplasia, angiography, or trauma. These lesions are often associated with pseudoaneurysms and rarely resolve spontaneously. These two groups of lesions probably represent a spectrum of the same basic disease process. The natural history of patients who survive a cervical carotid dissection is usually one of stability or improvement. A trial of medical therapy (to prevent embolic symptoms) and repeat arteriography are indicated before the consideration of surgical therapy. PMID- 7207737 TI - Microsurgical anatomy of the proximal middle cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery bifurcation. AB - Knowledge of the distribution of the perforating branches along the proximal middle cerebral artery and at the internal carotid artery bifurcation is important for the surgeon approaching aneurysms and other lesions in these areas. The microsurgical anatomy of the proximal middle cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery bifurcation was analyzed in 36 fixed hemispheres. The number, size, and location of all perforators along the proximal middle cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery bifurcation were noted. Three distinct patterns of perforators arising from the proximal middle cerebral artery were found. The implications of the anatomical variations in this area are discussed. PMID- 7207738 TI - Minimyelogram in cervical spinal cord trauma. AB - Fifty-eight patients with a clinical or radiographic diagnosis of cervical spinal cord injury underwent Pantopaque myelography on an emergency basis. Twenty-five per cent of these patients demonstrated evidence of spinal cord compression after reduction by spinal traction, as evidenced by the presence of a myelographic defect. Less than half of these patients had a defect that the authors thought required emergency surgical decompression. Two of the five patients so operated upon demonstrated an improvement in neurological function after operation that was much greater than that which would have been predicted before operation. The finding of these few patients who made a significant improvement after operation may justify the myelographic investigation of all patients with evidence of serious cervical spinal cord injury. Based on our experience, Pantopaque myelography may offer adequate, accurate, and useful information for the immediate management of spinal cord-injured patients. PMID- 7207739 TI - Improving diagnostic strategies for pain patients. AB - Any pain experience results from the interaction of biological and functional (namely, psychological and environmental) factors. In some cases functional factors may be primarily responsible for exacerbating and maintaining pain, therefore, the physician should be attentive to a variety of signs that may indicate a significant nonorganic component to the patient's pain. Problems in case management commonly arise when the organic signature is blurred, for pain patients are notoriously resistant to any suggestion that their pain is not purely organic in origin. Clinical experience has shown that the diagnosis and treatment of pain patients can be greatly facilitated by educating the patient about the complex nature of pain and by integrating the assessment of functional factors into the overall diagnostic work-up. PMID- 7207740 TI - Deficits of higher cortical functioning in two patients with posterior parietal arteriovenous malformations. Use of the standardized Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery for pre- and postoperative assessment. AB - The Standardized Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Test Battery was used for pre- and postoperative evaluation of two patients, each of whom had a large posterior parietal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the left cerebral hemisphere. In both cases the AVMs, which were fed by the left anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries, were resected completely. These cortical lesions, which were almost identical in anatomical location and pathophysiology, produced deficits in higher cortical functioning that were remarkably similar in the two patients studied. Disorganization of spatially based complex speech and confusion with arithmetic and writing functions were the most prominent pre- and postoperative problem areas. Other functions that had been mildly abnormal preoperatively had improved at the last testing session 6 months postoperatively. The test battery is easy to administer, has standardized scoring, requires only 2.5 hours of testing time, and produces reliable, reproducible results. Our initial experience with this test battery suggests that it is readily applicable to patients with neurosurgical disease and may be of benefit in planning appropriate rehabilitation and in obtaining knowledge that will increase our understanding of complex brain functions. PMID- 7207741 TI - Surgical versus nonsurgical management of metastatic melanoma of the brain. AB - A retrospective analysis of 80 patients with cerebral metastases from melanoma revealed that 42 patients in whom the metastases were excised experienced a median survival of 5 months, in comparison with a 6-week median survival for 38 patients who were not operated upon. The same survival figures applied when comparing only patients with known Stage 4 disease at the time of diagnosis of the brain metastasis. The surgical mortality rate was 9.5% for the entire series and 5.4% for the 37 patients treated surgically since 1960. PMID- 7207742 TI - A clinically and pathologically distinct group of benign brain stem gliomas. PMID- 7207743 TI - Chronic reversible cerebral ischemia: evaluation of a new baboon model. AB - The authors describe their experience with a baboon model of reversible cerebral ischemia. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was achieved by external compression with an implantable, inflatable balloon cuff in awake, unanesthetized baboons. Selective cerebral angiography confirmed consistent, reliable occlusion. Computed tomography demonstrated early density changes after ischemia, which were reversible with reperfusion. Neurological evaluation demonstrated a "recruitment response" of increasingly persistent deficit with repeated occlusion. Permanent deficits were noted after extensive angiography during periods of occlusion. This was accompanied by the dropout of small vessels in the middle cerebral artery distribution. The results of pathological examinations were consistent with the clinical examinations. No gross or microscopic changes were noted after repeated occlusions that caused deficits like those of transient ischemic attacks. Consistent infarctions were noted in animals with permanent deficits after permanent occlusion or after repeated occlusion and extensive angiography. PMID- 7207744 TI - Cervical intervertebral foramen enlargement caused by epidural metastasis. AB - A rare case of enlargement of a cervical intervertebral foramen caused by epidural metastasis is presented. This unusual etiology should be included when considering the differential diagnosis in a patient who presents with focal enlargement of a cervical intervertebral foramen. PMID- 7207745 TI - Basilar artery occlusion in multiple trauma: case report. AB - The authors report a patient who sustained delayed occlusion of the basilar artery (BA) after an automobile accident. This report illustrates the clinical temporal profile of angiographically verified thromboembolic occlusion of the BA. Further propagation of thrombosis and/or late embolization in the proximal BA and distal vertebral artery resulted in fatal brain stem infarction. PMID- 7207746 TI - Contrecoup intracerebellar hemorrhage: report of a case. AB - A case of contrecoup intracerebellar hematoma is reported. Only one other similar case has been reported in the literature. This complication must be considered in head-injured patients, particularly in the presence of neurological deterioration in association with a cerebellar contusion demonstrated on the initial computed tomographic (CT) scan. Serial CT scanning is particularly important because of delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhage, which in this case occurred in the cerebellum. PMID- 7207747 TI - Thrombosed aneurysm of the vein of Galen. AB - Computed tomography in a 3 1/2-year-old boy with ataxia, lethargy, fever, vomiting, and increasing irritability revealed moderate hydrocephalus and a blood density mass lesion lying superior and posterior to the 3rd ventricle. On several of the sections, the blood density was greater in the dependent than in the superior portion of the mass. The average attenuation number within the mass was 40 EMI units. The infusion of contrast agent demonstrated capsular enhancement (a target sign), which was also demonstrated by angiography. The diagnosis, which was confirmed at operation, was thrombosis of an aneurysm of the vein of Galen. The massive thrombus was resected, but the aneurysm was not excised. The patient's recovery was uneventful. PMID- 7207748 TI - Intractable hiccup as a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt: case report. AB - A case of intractable hiccup as a complication of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is reported. Other reported intra-abdominal complications are listed. PMID- 7207749 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Nicaragua. PMID- 7207750 TI - Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: comparison of simple decompression and anterior transposition. AB - The authors report 235 cases of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. The treatment was simple decompression in 115 cases and anterior transposition in 120 cases. Men were affected 3 times as often as women. The average age of presentation was 54.5 years. The nondominant arm was involved more frequently. The etiology of ulnar neuropathy was diverse, but one-third of the cases fell into the idiopathic category. Numbness and paresthesia were the most common complaints. Examination revealed hypalgesia of the little finger and the medial half of the ring finger, with weakness and wasting of the intrinsic muscles of the hand. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies are important for early diagnosis. Young men with a symptom duration of 1 year or less have a better chance of improvement after the operation. Both simple decompression and anterior transposition result in improvement in 82% of the cases; however, a higher percentage of full recovery was seen in the cases treated by simple decompression. This is explained by the facts that the nerve is not handled and its vital blood supply is left intact. PMID- 7207751 TI - 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. AB - Clinical data are presented on 14 patients undergoing BCNU therapy for a primary intracranial glioma (11 biopsied, 3 suspected) in whom pulmonary fibrosis developed as a consequence of the therapy. Pulmonary diffusion abnormalities, dry hacking cough, and chest x-ray changes herald the onset of the process. Microscopic evaluation of lung specimens revealed a wide spectrum of change including hyaline membrane formation, alveolar septal thickening, interstitial fibrosis, and granuloma formation. It is concluded that BCNU causes pulmonary fibrosis that is primarily but not necessarily dose-related and may not be reversible. PMID- 7207752 TI - Perioperative management of patients with pituitary microadenoma. AB - A systematic method for the perioperative management of routine cases of pituitary microadenoma treated by transsphenoidal microsurgery is presented. These methods have evolved over a 7-year period and have been utilized in the management of more than 750 patients with pituitary tumors and related problems treated by trans-sphenoidal surgery. The goals in this joint neurosurgical, endocrinological, and otorhinolaryngological team effort are to eliminate errors in patient management, to assure the safety of the patient in the perioperative period, and to make the therapy as efficient and as cost-effective as possible. PMID- 7207753 TI - Pseudo-tandem stenosis of the internal carotid artery. AB - Two cases of pseudo-tandem stenosis of the internal carotid artery are presented. Proximal stenosis was produced by a large, focal atherosclerotic plaque. The severe intracranial "stenosis" was thought to be an angiographic artifact. Repeat cerebral angiography after carotid endarterectomy revealed normal intracranial arteries. The recognition of this entity is important because a decision to operate is based largely upon angiographic findings. PMID- 7207754 TI - Value of computed tomography in the prediction of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysm rupture. AB - The relationship between high density (HD) on computed tomographic (CT) scans (which indicates a collection of blood in the subarachnoid space) and cerebral vasospasm was studied in 177 patients with ruptured aneurysm. The development of cerebral vasospasm was confirmed at the high rate of 84.6% in 26 cases where HD was demonstrated on the CT scan within 4 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In 8 cases where HD was not found on the CT scan obtained within 4 days after SAH, no cerebral vasospasm was seen. However, no relationship was found between HD and the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm in cases in which CT was performed after the 5th day of disease. It is suggested that CT performed within 4 days after SAH may give important information for predicting cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 7207755 TI - Preoperative arteriographic spasm and outcome from aneurysm operation. AB - The timing of intracranial operation for the treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysm remains controversial. To find objective parameters to guide us, we performed angiography 24 to 72 hours before contemplated operation in 35 Grade I patients in whom subarachnoid hemorrhage had occurred at least 1 week earlier. Operation in the presence of angiographic vasospasm in Grade I patients over 1 week after SAH was associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Only 1 of 28 patients in whom spasm was absent or mild at the time of operation had an unsatisfactory outcome from operation (P less than 0.003). There was no correlation between clinical grade and significant spasm; 17 patients who were clinically Grade I over 1 week after SAH had moderate or severe angiographic spasm. These data suggest that all patients should undergo angiography just before contemplated operation and that operation should be postponed if vasospasm is present. PMID- 7207756 TI - Inexpensive plastic brain biopsy needle for use in the computed tomographic scanner. PMID- 7207757 TI - Acute bilateral extradural hematoma: case report. PMID- 7207758 TI - Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and multiple intracerebral hematomas. AB - Two cases of simultaneous multiple intracerebral hematomas due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are described in patients who were both normotensive, elderly men. Because of their superficial location and the increasing feasibility of early and accurate diagnosis by computed tomographic scan, hemorrhage due to CAA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of single or multiple hemorrhagic lesions of the brain. PMID- 7207759 TI - Ewing's tumor metastatic to the clivus, simulating meningitis: case report. AB - Ewing's sarcoma, which is regarded as one of the most lethal primary bone tumors, lies in the domain of the orthopedic surgeon because it occurs most commonly in the shaft of the long bones, especially in the lower extremities. Pain, leukocytosis, fever, anemia, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate are commonly seen. We are presenting a case of Ewing's sarcoma of the left greater trochanter with metastasis to the clivus producing a bilateral 6th nerve palsy. The presence of fever, nuchal rigidity, and photophobia simulated meningitis. The rapid evolution of radiological signs will be discussed. PMID- 7207760 TI - "Crocodile tears" and Paget's disease: case report. PMID- 7207761 TI - Herniated thoracic intervertebral disc--an unusual presentation: case report. AB - A 63-year-old man, who originally presented with renal colic with radiation of the pain to the corresponding testicle, was proven to have a thoracic intervertebral herniated nucleus pulposus. The myelographic and computed axial tomographic findings utilizing water-soluble contrast medium are described. At operation via a dorsolateral approach, degenerated disc material associated with two free fragments in the spinal canal was removed, which resulted in total pain relief and no neurological deficit. The mode of presentation (namely, renal colic with pain radiating to the testicle) and the computed tomographic findings prompted this communication. PMID- 7207762 TI - Skull x-ray criteria endorsed by the Food and Drug Administration: some flaws and proposed modifications. AB - Some skull fractures may be overlooked if the current FDA-endorsed criteria for ordering roentgenograms of the skull are followed strictly. Such cases raise the issues of the applicability of the criteria to children, the omission from the criteria of factors that are associated with skull fracture, and the fact that the criteria as currently written seem to miss certain types of occult open and depressed fractures. Modifications of two of the criteria are suggested. PMID- 7207763 TI - Circulating catecholamines and sympathetic activity after head injury. AB - Plasma norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) levels were measured during the first 7 days after head injury in 48 patients. Blood pressure, pulse, temperature, and Glasgow coma score (GCS) were recorded at the time of sampling for each patient, and the relationships of these to NE and DBH were examined. In patients with multiple trauma, NE levels were usually elevated, regardless of the GCS. In patients with head injury alone, however, NE was proportional to GCS. Alert patients after a brief loss of consciousness (GCS, 14) had normal NE levels. Those in coma had levels as high as 7 times normal. Blood pressure, pulse, and temperature were found to be elevated proportionally to elevations in plasma NE in patients with head injury. The finding of elevated plasma NE in patients with severe head injury raises the possibility of adverse effects of sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with severe head injury, including hypermetabolism, cardiovascular abnormalities, and direct effects of catecholamines on the damaged central nervous system. PMID- 7207764 TI - Benign traumatic intracerebellar hematoma. AB - Prompt surgical intervention is thought to be necessary in patients with traumatic intracerebellar hematoma. The case reported here ran a benign course without operation. Pertinent serial computed tomographic scans are presented. It is concluded that not all traumatic hematomas of the cerebellum require operations. PMID- 7207765 TI - Intradural lumbar disc hernia: description of three cases. AB - Three new cases of intradural lumbar disc hernia are added to the 25 previously published cases. The clinical features of the lesion, which usually occurs at the level of the cauda equina, and its pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 7207766 TI - Ventral spinal tumor: the value of computed tomography in its localization. AB - We are reporting a case of a ventrally placed intradural meningioma at the C-7, T 1 level that was shown clearly on a computed tomographic scan without the use of metrizamide. This greatly facilitated the planning of our posterolateral approach, which permitted a complete removal of the tumor with minimal manipulation of the spinal cord. PMID- 7207768 TI - Sources of neuroscience research funding. PMID- 7207767 TI - Phenytoin: pharmacokinetics and clinical therapeutics. AB - Phenytoin is a highly effective anticonvulsant medication that is considered to be the treatment of choice for generalized major motor and focal epileptic seizures. An understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of phenytoin greatly facilitates the management of seizure patients. The judicious use of serum monitoring techniques coupled with careful clinical evaluations enable one to obtain the optimal anticonvulsant effect, freedom from dose-related toxicity, and the avoidance of unnecessary polypharmacy. PMID- 7207769 TI - Central nervous system metastases in malignant melanoma. AB - In a series of 1341 patients with histologically proven malignant melanoma seen at Duke University Medical Center from 1968 to 1978, 107 patients developed central nervous system (CNS) metastases. These patients were evaluated on the basis of which factors were associated with the development of CNS metastases. Male patients, patients with invasive primary lesions as measured by Clark's system, and patients with primary lesions of the head/neck or oral mucosa had higher incidences of CNS metastasis. Age and race were not significant factors. Clinically, single CNS metastases were seen in 48.8% of the patients; multiple cerebral lesions were seen in 37.2% of the patients. In 22% of the patients there was CNS metastasis alone, in 41% a second organ was involved, and in 20% three organs were involved. PMID- 7207770 TI - Osteoid osteomas and osteoblastomas of the spine. AB - Benign osteoblastic lesions are rare bone tumors and they are usually divided into osteoid osteomas and benign osteoblastomas based on their biological behavior. Both lesions are prevalent in the spine, with the lamina and pedicle being involved frequently. Long diagnostic delays are frequent. Pain, the most prominent symptom, is often nocturnal and is relieved by aspirin in 30 to 40% of patients. Radicular pain occurs in 50% of the patients. The most common physical finding is tenderness in the vicinity of the lesion. Neurological abnormalities are more frequent in patients with osteoblastomas, which frequently extend into the neural canal. Tomograms are invaluable in most patients in whom plain films are normal. The bone scan is one of the most important diagnostic studies and provides an excellent means of accurately demonstrates the location and extent of the tumor. Permanent relief of pain and neurological recovery is dependent primarily on total removal of the lesion. PMID- 7207771 TI - Diverse clinical applications of percutaneous lumboperitoneal shunts. AB - A population of 28 patients underwent the percutaneous placement of a shunt in the lumbar region with a single tube, the other end of which was placed in the peritoneal cavity by laparotomy. The clinical indications for the procedure were: communicating hydrocephalus (16 patients), pseudotumor cerebri (3 patients), cranial cerebrospinal fluid fistula (4 patients), and a bulging postcraniotomy site (2 patients). An additional 3 patients were treated by lumbar subcutaneous peritoneal shunt for a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-subcutaneous fistula after the removal of a leptomyelolipoma. The mean time of follow-up was 18.8 +/- 7.8 months. All patients with pseudotumor cerebri and subcutaneous lumbar CSF fistula and all but 1 of the patients with a cranial CSF fistula improved without further therapy. Twelve of the 16 patients with communicating hydrocephalus improved and did not require other shunt procedures. There was one shunt infection, one wound dehiscence that led to shunt removal, and one shunt migration into the spinal canal. Shunt obstruction that led to revision of the shunt occurred on three occasions in 2 patients. The shunt functioned in only 1 of 4 infants under 4 months of age. PMID- 7207772 TI - Intravascular use of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate: Part 1 Treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations. AB - The intravascular use of the rapidly polymerizing acrylic compound, isobutyl 2 cyanoacrylate (IBC), in 10 patients with intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is described. The monomer was introduced into each malformation at craniotomy using angiographic control and microvascular dissection technique to identify, isolate, and inject the major components of each vascular lesion while attempting to preserve normal arterial circulation. Postoperative angiography was used routinely to evaluate the results of IBC embolization. Four patients underwent the injection and immediate surgical excision of an intracranial AVM, and 6 underwent injection alone; 3 of the latter had residual malformation demonstrated on postoperative angiography, and 1 of these patients had the remnants of her malformation occluded by a second embolic procedure. There was no operative mortality nor permanent neurological morbidity. Three patients suffered transient neurological dysfunction in the immediate postoperative period. PMID- 7207773 TI - Intravascular use of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate: Part 2 Treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas. AB - The intravascular use of the rapidly polymerizing acrylic compound isobutyl 2 cyanoacrylate in four patients with carotid-cavernous fistulas is described. The monomer was injected into the cavernous sinus at craniotomy after the intraoperative angiographic identification of the fistula site and the origin of its venous drainage. All patients had postoperative angiographic documentation of fistula closure and confirmed carotid artery patency. There was no operative mortality or permanent neurological morbidity. Two patients (50%) suffered transient dysfunction in the immediate postoperative period of one of the cranial nerves that transit the cavernous sinus. PMID- 7207774 TI - Microsurgical endarterectomy of the intracranial vertebral artery for vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks. AB - Two patients who had typical vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) that were refractory to anticoagulation with dicumarol and to antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and/or dipyridamole are described. Angiography revealed in both patients a stenotic atherosclerotic plaque of the intracranial vertebral artery between the posterior and anterior inferior cerebellar arteries. At operation, the first patient had an atherosclerotic plaque extending into the basilar artery, and no endarterectomy was attempted. The second patient had a 1 cm localized plaque that was removed successfully from the vertebral artery. Neither patient sustained a neurological deficit as a result of the operation. The patient whose plaque was not removed at operation continues to have vertebrobasilar TIAs and suffered a brain stroke 2 weeks after operation. The patient whose plaque was removed at operation continues to be free of TIAs 8 months later, and angiography performed 3 months after operation showed a widely patent vertebral artery. A portion of the intracranial vertebral artery has now been shown to be accessible to endarterectomy using the operating microscope. Angiography is helpful in determining this accessibility preoperatively. PMID- 7207775 TI - Scanning electron microscopic and X-ray energy spectrographic analysis of the inner surface of human atherosclerotic carotid plaques. AB - Forty specimens of carotid plaque from 30 patients who had suffered cerebrovascular accidents and 10 asymptomatic control patients were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM revealed the finely detailed surface characteristics of the plaque including cell deposits, endothelial damage, and exposed subendothelium. X-ray energy spectrography scans revealed that 7 specimens had calcium deposits. Presurgical treatment with dipyridamole and aspirin inhibited or substantially reduced thrombus formation. PMID- 7207776 TI - Cortical damage from Zenker's solution applied to the dura mater. AB - An experimental and clinical study was undertaken to determine whether Zenker's solution without glacial acetic acid (modified Zenker's solution) applied to the external surface of the dura mater can penetrate to injure the underlying cortex. Adult cats and dogs, the dura of which had an average thickness of 0.2 and 0.25 mm, respectively, were given intravenous Evans blue dye as an indicator of blood brain barrier breakdown. This was followed by the application of modified Zenker's solution to the dura in a manner identical to the clinical practice. When the animals were killed 1 or 2 hours later, the cortex beneath the dura painted with modified Zenker's solution was stained massively. The thickness of human dura was measured; it varied from 0.22 to 0.28 mm in infants of 3 months or less, 0.27 to 0.42mm in infants 4 months to 12 months of age, and 0.32 to 0.45 mm in children to 1 to 18 years of age. Modified Zenker's solution applied to fresh dura for 3 minutes at autopsy gave visual evidence 1 hour later of penetration to the cortex beneath. In operative procedures for craniosynostosis, 69 patients were treated with modified Zenker's solution; of these, 7 developed seizures in the immediate postoperative period. No seizures occurred among the 39 patients on whom modified Zenker's solution was not used. It is concluded that modified Zenker's solution applied to the dura can damage the cortex beneath. PMID- 7207777 TI - Hypoglycorrhachia after subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 33 patients with a nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage was analyzed to determine whether hypoglycorrhachia occurred frequently after a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Twenty-three patients (70%) developed an abnormally low CSF glucose concentration or a lowered CSF-blood glucose ratio after their hemorrhage. Thus, hypoglycorrhachia seems to be a common spinal fluid subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7207778 TI - Spontaneous cervical carotid artery dissection: outpatient treatment with continuous heparin infusion using a totally implantable infusion device. AB - The authors report a patient with spontaneous high cervical internal carotid artery dissection and a severe reversible ischemic deficit. Successful treatment consisted of 5 months of continuous intravenous heparin using an implantable infusion device. The details of this therapy are described, and alternative therapeutic modalities are discussed. PMID- 7207779 TI - Treatment of coronal and metopic synostosis: 107 cases. AB - This paper presents a personal series of 107 children with synostosis, 53 unicoronal, 27 bicoronal, and 28 metopic cases (1 child had both metopic and bicoronal synostosis). In 16 patients, other vault sutures later closed partially, some requiring operation. All of the patients underwent surgical treatment without mortality or notable morbidity. Nineteen patients showed mild or moderate mental retardation; other defects included cleft palate, epicanthic folds, strabismus, and syndactyly. Three patients with unicoronal closure had a second operation about 5 years after the initial craniectomy, and 2 required a third procedure. Cranioplasty was done in 10 patients for persisting skull defects. The recent results have been satisfactory in most cases, probably because of more precise diagnosis and improved surgical techniques. It is concluded that craniofacial operations for synostosis should be as extensive as necessary, and if subsequent revision or cranioplasty is appropriate it should be done. PMID- 7207780 TI - Management of bilateral locked facets of the cervical spine. AB - The management of 15 cases of bilateral locked facets of the cervical spine is reviewed. The C-6, C-7 interspace was the most common interspace involved. There were 4 females and 11 males who were 16 to 63 years old (average, 26 years). Thirteen patients had a complete spinal cord lesion with loss of function below the level of the locked facets. Two had intact dorsal column function. One patient had an ascending spinal cord deficit, which did not change after open reduction. The remainder had no change in spinal cord function after reduction. However, after reduction, 1 patient had a transient root deficit and 2 patients improved in the function of the involved roots. Closed reduction was accomplished by (a) skeletal traction and weight application, (b) manual reduction under sedatives, or (c) manual reduction under general anesthesia. Five patients required open reduction. The failure of closed reduction was attributed to accompanying fractures of one of the facets in 2 cases, increasing neurological deficits during traction in 2 cases, and associated higher cervical fractures in 1 case. Internal stabilization with wire and bone or external stabilization with a halo vest or a brace was used. Twelve patients were followed for 1 1/2 to 7 years (average, 2.7 years). Stabilization after reduction was successful irrespective of the methods used. The various methods of reduction and stabilization are reviewed and discussed. PMID- 7207781 TI - Carotid endarterectomy without shunt. AB - This series of 280 consecutive carotid endarterectomies was performed on 222 patients without an indwelling shunt or electroencephalograpic monitoring. Symptomatic patients with lateralized and nonlateralized transient ischemic attacks, ulcerated atherosclerotic plaques. One-third of the patients had severe bilateral stenosis or unilateral stenosis and contralateral occlusion. Adequate cerebral protection was provided during operation by general anesthesia and moderate hypertension. The carotid occlusion time averaged 10 minutes. There was no operative mortality within 30 days. There were no strokes during carotid occlusion and only three strokes (1.1%) within 1 month of operation. Follow-up data are available on 93% of the patients. Indwelling shunts, electroencephalographic monitoring, and carotid back pressure measurements are not necessary for the safe performance of carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7207782 TI - Subdural hematomas of arterial origin. AB - Three cases of acute subdural hematoma related to bleeding aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation are presented. Various possible arterial sources of bleeding that may lead to subdural hematoma are reviewed. The complex cause and effect relationship between the presence of aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation and the occurrence of subdural hematoma in a head-injured patient is discussed. The pitfalls of reliance on the computed tomogram as a sole diagnostic test in the evaluation of head-injured patients or of unconscious patients with no available history are emphasized. PMID- 7207783 TI - Clinical and ultrastructural study of painful neuroma. AB - A clinical and light and electron microscopic study of three cases of painful neuroma, surgically resected, was made. It was found (a) that painful neuromas contain large numbers of small diameter, unmyelinated fibers, in an apparently much larger proportion than myelinated fibers and (b) that a consistent, unrestrained growth of perineurial cells parallels the constant regeneration of axis cylinders. This results in the unabated formation of large numbers of "nerve minifascicles" growing in a chaotic fashion. Degeneration of axis cylinders and/or of myelin is minimal. It is suggested that the increased numbers of unmyelinated axis cylinders in traumatic neuromas could be related to the painful symptoms in some patients. It is further postulated that the unrestricted growth of perineurial cells is an attempt to contain the regeneration of axis cylinders and that the maintenance of perineurial integrity by fascicle ligation is important in the relief of painful human neuromas. PMID- 7207784 TI - Neuroma formation and prevention by fascicle ligation in the rat. AB - Light and electron microscopic studies of the cut sciatic nerve in the rat showed typical neuroma formation. If the nerve was cut and the proximal segment was ligated as a whole, the neuromatous process appeared to be even more severe than that in the simply cut nerve. When the perineurium of the cut nerve was kept intact by fascicle ligation, the axonal regenerative process seemed to be altered significantly, and less neuroma formation occurred. The mechanism by which fascicle ligation limits axonal regeneration is unknown, but could involve peripheral as well as central mechanisms. Such a limitation of neuroma formation by fascicle ligation as was found in the rat might also apply to painful human neuromas. PMID- 7207785 TI - Self-retaining retractor and handrest system for neurosurgery. AB - A system for self-retaining retraction that has also been used as part of a technique of dissection in microneurosurgery is described. Small, multiple (i.e., more than two) blades can be used easily with a positioning opportunity of 360 degrees of purchase and without the necessity of another surgeon. Hand tremor, which is not particularly during microsurgery, has been dealt with by the development of a system for stabilization by a handrest. The components of the system, its sequential assembly, and its use are described and illustrated. PMID- 7207786 TI - Craniosynostectomy with reduced blood loss. PMID- 7207787 TI - External carotid-cavernous fistula in infancy: case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of external carotid-cavernous fistula in a 7-week-old infant is presented. Unlike post-traumatic internal carotid-cavernous fistulas, most of these dural fistulas are low flow, low pressure shunts with a benign and chronic clinical course sometimes ending in spontaneous closure. In adults and older children, meticulous follow-up of visual symptoms and signs may be adequate management. The only indications for aggressive therapy is progressive visual failure, which occurs rarely. In infants and visually immature children, however, persistent proptosis and intraocular hypertension can lead to anisometropic amblyopia, the prevention of which deserves urgent therapeutic intervention. In our patient, therapeutic embolization led to an uncomplicated clinical and angiographic cure. The vascular anatomy, the pathophysiology of associated visual failure, and the treatment modalities are reviewed. PMID- 7207788 TI - Coexisting intracranial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation: case report. PMID- 7207789 TI - Delayed traumatic intracerebral hematoma after compound depressed skull fracture: case report. PMID- 7207790 TI - Failure of intrasellar muscle implants to prevent recurrent downward migration of the optic chiasm. PMID- 7207792 TI - Intrasacral extradural communicating arachnoid cyst: cases report. PMID- 7207791 TI - Conservative management of aplasia cutis congenita: case report. AB - A male newborn with a large scalp and skull defect and a cervical meningocele was transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit of the North Carolina Baptist Hospital. The scalp defect measured 8.5 x 9.5 cm, and the sagittal sinus was exposed. Because the defect was considered too large to be covered with a rotation skin flap, it was treated thrice daily with the topical application of bacitracin ointment and circumferential dressings. By the end of 3 months, the skull defect was covered with skin. The cervical meningocele was then removed without incident. At the 9-month follow-up examination, the scalp defect was well healed and the skull defect was closing slowly; the neurological findings were still normal for the patient's age. PMID- 7207793 TI - Intracranial penetration of nasogastric tube. PMID- 7207794 TI - Postgraduate medical education in neurosurgery at Bowman Gray School of Medicine: program concepts and costs. PMID- 7207795 TI - Neurosurgery in the United States: a log-diary study. AB - The Division of Research in Medical Education and of the University of Southern California, with the cooperation and assistance of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, has conducted a national study of the professional activities of neurological surgeons in the United States. One of a series of 24 surveys of medical and surgical specialties, the survey obtained information on patient workloads, the allocation of physician time, the characteristics of patients and the circumstances under which they were seen, patient diagnoses, and the care that was provided--including whether an operation was performed. This paper provides a selection of the findings deemed most relevant to manpower issues in neurosurgery. A later paper will examine regional differences in patient care, including the frequency with which selected surgical procedures are used for different clinical conditions. PMID- 7207796 TI - Neurosurgical manpower requirements for 1990: an estimate of the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee. PMID- 7207797 TI - Neurosurgery in a zero-sum society. PMID- 7207798 TI - Role of intervals between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in formation of a cellular analog of temporary connection. PMID- 7207799 TI - Physiological and genetic investigation of extrapolating ability in mice. PMID- 7207800 TI - Conditioned motor responses at different stages of normal nocturnal sleep in man and their electrographic correlates. PMID- 7207801 TI - Conditioned-reflex placing of the limb induced by stimulation of brain structures. PMID- 7207802 TI - Forward and backward connections during combination of indifferent stimuli. PMID- 7207803 TI - Evoked brain potentials and errors of perception. PMID- 7207804 TI - Use of a hierarchical cluster procedure to classify neuronal responses during conditioning. PMID- 7207805 TI - Transcommissural afferent projections of lemniscal and spino-reticulo-thalamic systems. PMID- 7207806 TI - Ultrastructural changes in synapses of the rabbit sensomotor cortex during stimulation of the reticular formation. PMID- 7207807 TI - Changes in the cortical slow potential and unit activity during conditioning in rabbits. PMID- 7207808 TI - Hypothalamic unit activity during defensive conditioning. PMID- 7207809 TI - Effect of early motor training on visual and sensomotor cortical evoked potentials in rats. PMID- 7207810 TI - Effect of antiglial and antineuronal immunoglobulins on short-term and long-term memory in rats. PMID- 7207811 TI - Cranial CT in the Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. AB - Cranial computed tomography was performed on five patients with the Sjogren Larsson syndrome (SLS). No specific morphological abnormalities were found, nor was there any indication of a reduction of brain mass. This result is in keeping with the findings on gross examination of brain specimens of subjects with SLS but not with some previously reported PEG findings. The lack of agreement is discussed. The slowly progressive destruction of neuronal substance in the course of the chronic, degenerative process in the brain and spinal cord is obviously not paralleled by a corresponding loss of brain mass nor does it result in any alteration of the shape of the brain. The probable tissue decomposition was not striking enough in our five patients to cause attenuation changes which can be detected by CT. Neuroradiological examinations, including CT, are of no practical value at present for the diagnosis, therapy or prognosis of the disease. PMID- 7207812 TI - Cerebral arterial aneurysm in a neonate. AB - The diagnosis and successful treatment of a cerebral aneurysm in a 1-month-old child are described. A review of the few aneurysms previously recorded in children up to three months of age reveals that such aneurysms tend to be large, but show no predilection for any particular site, although a relatively large number of them arise from the vertebrobasilar circulation. They occur more commonly in females and are usually congenital. Surgery has been undertaken successfully in about one-third of the cases. PMID- 7207813 TI - Neuroradiological manifestations of suprasellar pituitary adenomas, meningiomas and craniopharyngiomas. AB - The radiological manifestations of 16 pituitary adenomas, six meningiomas and 14 craniopharyngiomas were reviewed. The differential diagnosis of these tumors is possible with a few exceptions when skull radiography, CT, angiography and metrizamide cisternography are carefully evaluated. Prolonged injection angiography (PIA) is particularly important for demonstrating the contours of pituitary adenomas and meningiomas. Metrizamide cisternography is indicated when the tumor contours are obscure using PIA, or when the differential diagnosis is uncertain. PMID- 7207814 TI - Trends in the radiological study of pituitary adenoma. AB - The time and place for the use of plain films of the skull, arteriography and venography, CT with and without contrast enhancement, and metrizamide cisternography as a replacement for air encephalography, for the diagnosis of the various kinds of pituitary adenomas is discussed in conjunction with a report of the experience with eight pituitary adenomas. PMID- 7207815 TI - Rapid serial cranial computed tomography for tumor diagnosis. AB - Rapid serial computed tomography (RSCT) provides more information about the cerebral cortical capillary bed and leptomeningeal vessels than conventional enhanced computed tomography (CT). This increased neuroanatomical definition has potential value for separating intra- from extracerebral tumors in selected cases. RSCT offers better visualization of the angioarchitecture of highly vascular tumors than conventional enhanced CT. However, CT scans delayed several minutes after contrast administration are more useful for evaluating the extent of hypovascular tumors. Time-density curves were of limited value for tumor evaluation. However, the peak increase of Hounsfield units did correlate well with the degree of tumor vascularity assessed angiographically. PMID- 7207816 TI - Benign communicating hydrocephalus in children. AB - A review was performed of the computed tomograms (CTs) of 500 children which had been reported as showing widening of the supratentorial subarachnoid spaces with normal cerebral substance. On the basis of this a radiological diagnosis of cerebral atrophy had been made in all but five, who were said to have megalencephaly. From these, the children with large or abnormally enlarging heads, but normal or only slightly enlarged ventricles, were selected; there were 40 such cases (8%). The clinical condition either improved or remained stable over a period of 2 years; in the majority the scan abnormality regressed (22.5%) or remained static (67.5%). In three cases there was slight progression of the CT changes before stabilisation, but only one case developed classical communicating hydrocephalus necessitating a shunt procedure. This condition is a generally benign and mild form of communicating hydrocephalus, for which an aetiological factor was apparent in about two-thirds of the cases studied. PMID- 7207817 TI - Cervical myelography with iopamidolo. AB - A new non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium was used for cervical myelography in 65 patients. The contrast medium was injected suboccipitally or by the latent C1-C2 approach. The films were of equally good quality as those obtained with other contrast media and tolerance has been superior. The contrast medium is Iopamidolo and is available in ampoules which is further positive quality. PMID- 7207818 TI - [Multiple renal arteries and arterial hypertension: a review of 337 renal arteriography cases]. PMID- 7207819 TI - [Dioodobufenine in the treatment of essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7207820 TI - [Isolated pulmonary stenosis: long-term results of surgical treatment of 218 cases followed up 10-25 years after surgery]. PMID- 7207821 TI - [Congenital coronary fistula draining into the left atrium with multiple aneurysms of the coronary artery: documentation of a case]. PMID- 7207822 TI - [Systolic arterial pressure in superior and inferior limbs after isometric muscular contraction exercise in young healthy subjects]. PMID- 7207823 TI - [Diagnostic evaluation of functional restriction of peripheral circulation in diabetic and sclerotic obliterating arteriopathy]. PMID- 7207824 TI - [New method for calculating the maximum venous flow with strain gauge plethysmography]. PMID- 7207825 TI - [Effect of a single dose of cinnarizine on the peripheral flow and renogram of arteriosclerotic patients]. PMID- 7207826 TI - [Effects of naftidrofuryl through prolonged intra-arterial perfusion in obliterating arteriopathies of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7207827 TI - [Computers in cardiology]. PMID- 7207828 TI - [An information survey on the automatic operation of intensive therapy units in Italy]. AB - A fact finding study was carried out in 58 resuscitation centres and 78 intensive care units to evaluate the current application of computerised techniques in the monitoring and processing of various parameters relating to hospitalised patients. The enquiry revealed a marked interest in the use of computerised systems, particularly in the electrophysiological and haemodynamic field. Promising results were reported from some centres. Some adverse criticisms and points of discussion still exist. International and national experiences matured so far, however, while primarily directed towards scientific research and technological development, open up significant perspectives for the future, for the rational handling of the data collected, and the extension of current knowledge on matters of physiopathology, electrophysiology, and pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7207829 TI - [On-line automatic analysis approach to infantile ECG]. PMID- 7207830 TI - [Proposal for a computerized record of ergometric tests]. AB - A codified approach to the collection of data obtained from an ergometric test is proposed and the need for such a codification, arising from the necessity to check and organise data collected during clinical examinations, is discussed. Practical questions regarding the chosen model are also discussed. The essential feature is a hierarchy of data enabling information to be represented generally and in detail, a modular structure, in other words, whose basic element is simplicity of compilation and codification. PMID- 7207831 TI - [Systolic time intervals at rest in subjects under prolonged stress: a computerized analysis]. AB - Systolic time intervals were measured in 21 endurance-athletes (middle and lung distance runners) with a computerized method. Data from athletes were compared with that obtained in 27 age-matched normal untrained subjects. Endurance athletes showed significantly inferior values than normal untrained subjects of heart rate, total ejection time (TET), rapid ejection time (TER), electromechanical systole duration (QS2). Authors suggest that these results, particularly the reduction of TER at rest, could be due to a more rapid ejection rate primary or secondary to a left ventricular after-load reduction, following the cardiovascular adaptations induced by training in these athletes. PMID- 7207832 TI - [Lupoid syndromes and unclassified connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 7207833 TI - [Perchloroethylene-induced hepatitis with rapid evolution into cirrhosis: a clinical review and histo-biopsy]. PMID- 7207834 TI - [Esophageal moniliasis: radiologic aspects of 3 cases]. PMID- 7207835 TI - [Clinical remarks on cases of athletes subjected to thermal fangotherapy]. PMID- 7207837 TI - [Attenuation of post-ischaemic reactive hyperemia during lifting of the lower limbs]. AB - With a view to determining to what extent changes in the position of the lower limbs influence post-ischaemic reactive hyperaemia, an ischaemic test was run on a group of normal subjects and patients with peripheral obliterative arteriopathy. Reactive hyperaemia was induced both in the usual supine position and then with the leg raised at 60 degrees to the horizontal. Raising of the leg significantly reduced the amplitude and duration of hyperaemia in both groups, though the differences between them with regard to the hyperaemic flow pattern were not affected. Various explanations of the results are offered. Raising of the limb appears to act more on local mechanisms controlling the peripheral arterial flow than on factors responsible for the genesis of RH. In particular, over and above the reduction of hydrostatic pressure, importance may be ascribed to the disequilibrium created by raising the limb on the component of vasal transparietal pressure. In arteriopaths, these factors are made more potent by obstruction of the main limb artery and arteriosclerotic impairment of the colateral circulation. Lastly, emphasis is placed on the possibility that the apparent metabolic deficiency created by ischaemia and remedied by RH is at least partly greater than the real deficiency and the tissues actual metabolic requirements. PMID- 7207836 TI - [Immunological aspects of diabetes]. AB - The incidence of immunological disorders seems to play a primary, significative role in the genesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Auto immunological anti-pancreas alterations, both cell-mediated and humoral, have been detected in course of IDDM; moreover, the presence of antipancreatic antibodies seems to correlate with progressive destruction of islet cells and increased insulin deficiency. Animal models and human studies, revealing the pathologic entity of "insulitis", are consistent with an autoimmune component playing a part in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, genotypic factors may be considered: recent studies prove the association between HLA system and IDDM; specifically, HLA antigens B8 and BW15 are found in significantly higher frequencies in juvenile onset insulin-dependent diabetics. Therefore, it can be hypothesized, in the pathogenesis of the disease, an altered immune response to an additional environmental diabetogenic factor; it has been postulated, on the ground of epidemiologic and experimental studies, the interference of a viral infection, that may act as a triggering event to pancreatic cell damage with a latent period of variable duration. PMID- 7207838 TI - [Treatment using radiofrequency stimulation of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia in W.P.W. syndrome]. AB - The case of woman patient suffering from W.P.W. syndrome and recurrent attacks of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia refractory to medical treatment is reported. After electrophysiological study, a radiofrequency coil is implanted. This is activated by the patient during attacks and leads to rapid interruption. The modalities under which paroxysmal tachycardias are interrupted by means of electrostimulating units are discussed and indications for radiofrequency stimulation assessed. PMID- 7207839 TI - [Boerhaave's syndrome. Emergency surgery]. AB - The Authors report a case of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus in a 66-year old alcoholic. The symptomatology was characterized essentially by epigastralgie and vomiting culminating in violent retrosternal pain radiating to the back and by shock. X-rays taken an hour after hospitalization showed an increase of pulmonary hypodiaphania with presence of pleural effusion at the left base, cervicothoracic subcutaneous emphysema. Emergency surgery was performed by thoracotomy associated with suture of the esophageal opening with drainage of the supradiaphragmatic and pleural region. However, the patient died on the 10th day of broncopulmonary complications. The Authors therefore believe that the triad pain, shock and mediastinal thoracico-cervical emphysema should be considered pathognomonical of Boerhaave's syndrome and thus be kept in mind by the surgeon employed in a Division of Emergency Surgery and First Aid. PMID- 7207840 TI - [Diagnostic value and therapeutic limits of endoscopic polypectomy of the stomach]. AB - Digestive endoscopy represents the current therapy of the gastric polyps. These lesions are endoscopically found in an unexpected number of patients, because of the frequent failure of radiology by itself. Furthermore endoscopic radical polypectomy is mostly possible for the inflammatory and adenomatous polyps. Otherwise endoscopy favours the early detection of malignant changes and coexisting per-cancerous gastropathy. A wide review of the literature is given. PMID- 7207841 TI - [Diuretic therapy in the aged. A clinical comparison between two diuretic compounds]. AB - The Authors have studied the effects of fenquizone compared to those of hydrochlorothiazyde-amyloride therapy. They have found a good activity in hypertension and a powerful diuretic action, besides fenquizone has no remarkable side-effect. PMID- 7207842 TI - [An experimental investigation of the use of a fluorocarbon (FC 43) as blood substitute]. AB - A fluorocarbonate emulsion was infused into 30 rabbits after the removal of varying amounts of blood. Parameters relating to the transport of respiratory gases and the fundamental features of the macrocirculation were monitored. The animals were sacrificed after 6 or 24 hr and the histological changes in the main parenchymas were assessed. The material injected displayed low toxicity, a good ability to act as a vehicle for oxygen and carbon dioxide, and no tendency to alter the macrocirculation. Numerous problems remain, however, with regard to the stability of fluorocarbonates over the course of time and the effect of their uptake by tissues. PMID- 7207843 TI - [Use of chorionic gonadotropin in the treatment of phlebopathic dermatoses]. PMID- 7207844 TI - [Prognosis of chronic lymphatic leukemia. Retrospective study of the survival period 47 patients]. AB - Forty-seven consecutive patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) followed in the Clinica Medica and the Sezione di Ematologia of Ferrara from January 1966 to June 1979 were classified according to the staging system of Rai and to age, sex and the occurrence of enlarged spleen or liver or both. Analysis of actuarial survival curves revealed the following: 1) the method of staging proposed by Rai was confirmed to be a reliable predictor for prognosis of CLL; 2( neither age nor sex do appear to be prognostic factor; 3) the enlarged liver did not appear to make worse the prognosis of CLL, probably by hepatomegalies due to other aetiologies. Furthermore the bound of peripheral lymphocytosis of 15,000/mm3, also according to other authors, seems to be too high: numerous cases of undoubted CLL with smaller lymphocytosis ae left out of this and other statistics published on CLL. PMID- 7207845 TI - [Doppler ultrasonic method of blood velocity measurement in Raynaud's phenomenon]. AB - Ten patients, 3 males and 7 females, aging less then 50 years (M: 37), suffering from at least one year for a Raynaud's phenomenon surely not due to a costo clavicular syndrome, were studied. A Doppler ultrasound evaluation was first done recording the pressure and the speed at the omeral, radial, ulnar, and digital arteries. The patients were then submitted to an angiography in general anaesthesia through puncture of the omeral artery and to screening tests to detect possible associated immunopathological diseases. In the patients affected by Raynaud's phenomenon the vascular lesions are generally distal to the omeral artery; the only surgical indication is a thoracic gangliectomy. Our experience shows that the Doppler velocimetry gives all the data necessary to check the efficacy of a pharmacological treatment and to state a correct surgical indication. PMID- 7207846 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin in chronic renal insufficiency]. AB - Glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb A1) was measured by ion-exchange column chromatography in 70 normal subjects, 40 diabetics and 83 patients with chronic renal failure, including 54 on chronic dialysis. The results, compared with glycemic balance and renal function, suggest that the coexisting occurrence of any kind of chronic renal failure can really interfere with the blood level of the fast haemoglobin fractions, disclosing new interesting perspectives of diagnostic and clinic employment. PMID- 7207847 TI - [A case of carpal prominence]. PMID- 7207848 TI - [Surgical treatment for invasive cervical carcinoma]. PMID- 7207850 TI - [Pregnancy physiopathology in uterine malformations]. PMID- 7207849 TI - [Clinical aspects of pregnancy pathology in multiple pregnancy]. PMID- 7207851 TI - [Maternal factors in the metabolic process and fetal hyperdevelopment]. PMID- 7207852 TI - [Constant control of weight in the prevention of EPH gestosis]. PMID- 7207853 TI - [Jet-washing cytology in the diagnosis of endometrial neoplasms]. PMID- 7207854 TI - [Evaluation of serum lactate dehydrogenase in patients with malignant gynecological neoplasms]. PMID- 7207855 TI - [Chromosome anomalies in the diagnosis of uterine neoplasms]. PMID- 7207856 TI - [Mesterolone and oligobradykinesis]. PMID- 7207857 TI - [Gas in the fetal circulatory system: radiological demonstration in a case of fetal death]. PMID- 7207858 TI - [Use of fast electrons of a 18 MeV betatron in postoperative radiotherapy and in the local-regional recurrence of breast cancer]. PMID- 7207859 TI - [Transferrable bacterial resistance in the intestinal flora of gynecological surgery patients after prophylactic antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 7207860 TI - [Use of prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section: a comparison between ampicillin and cephaloridine]. PMID- 7207861 TI - [Practical considerations of surgical therapy of cancer of the uterine cervix in its early stages]. PMID- 7207862 TI - Single unit activity in monkey caudate nucleus during operant bar pressing feeding behavior. AB - Unit activity and changes during bar press feeding behavior after presentation of food or non-food were analyzed in 198 neurons in the head of the caudate nucleus of monkey. Eight neurons responded uniquely at the sight of food. The degree of the food-specific responses differed depending on the nature of the food and the hunger-satiation state. On the other hand, 17 neurons responded more or less to the sight of food and during bar pressing for food. These two types of neuron seem to be important to bar pressing feeding behavior, which consists of recognition of food and a bar press task to obtain food. PMID- 7207863 TI - Control of rhythmic behaviour by a hierarchy of linked oscillators in crustacea. AB - In Homarus, the central pattern generators for the rhythmic motor activities of the gastric teeth and the pyloric chamber are located in the stomatogastric ganglion. It is shown that independent gastric and pyloric oscillators are also contained in higher nervous centres (the commissural ganglia) and provide a phasic rhythmic input to the stomatogastric pattern generators. This demonstrates that rhythmic behaviour can be organized by a hierarchy of linked oscillators each capable of producing the rhythm. PMID- 7207864 TI - Somatotopy of the corticospinal neurons in the rat. AB - By means of the retrograde transport of the horseradish peroxidase, injected into the intermediate zone and in the base of the dorsal horn of the rat's spinal cord, it was possible to observe cortical (layer Vb) labeled neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex. They were arranged in ranks with a somatotopical disposition: the neurons whose axons project to the caudalmost myelomeres were found closest to the midline, while the neurons projecting to a cervical level lay furthest away from the midline. PMID- 7207865 TI - Representation of the masticatory muscles in the motor trigeminal nucleus of the macaque monkey. AB - The pattern of representation of the masticatory muscles in the motor trigeminal nucleus was examined in macaque monkeys by the horseradish peroxidase method. The motor trigeminal nucleus was divided cytoarchitectonically into the dorsolateral and ventromedial divisions. The temporalis, masseter and pterygoid muscles were represented in the dorsomedial, central and ventrolateral parts of the dorsolateral division, respectively. In the ventromedial division, which was located at the level of the caudal half of the nucleus. The anterior digastric or mylohyoid muscle was represented in the dorsomedial or ventrolateral part of the division, respectively. PMID- 7207866 TI - Absence of receptor outer segments in the retina of rds mutant mice. AB - In mice homozygous for the newly reported rds (retinal degeneration slow) gene, a progressive loss of visual cells occurs throughout life. Histogenesis of the retina proceeds normally with the exception of the receptor layer which remains rudimentary. Electron microscopic observations of the retina at different stages of development have revealed that the outer segments of the visual cells in this mutant fail to develop and that the receptor layer consists of inner segments only. In the absorption spectra of the retinal extract from the mutant the characteristic rhodopsin peak is lacking. PMID- 7207867 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein in cryogenic lesions of the rat brain. AB - Histologic sections of rat brains obtained at time intervals ranging from 30 min to 48 h following a cryogenic lesion placed on the surface of the parietal lobe, were immunocytochemically stained for glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein (glial filaments), IgG and albumin. Intense staining for the GFA protein and enlargement of astrocytes in the subcortical white matter and corpus callosum, were demonstrated near the lesion at 30 min and spread throughout the white matter up to 48 h. The early reaction of the astrocytes suggests that disassembly of glial filaments or new GFA synthesis may contribute to astrocytic changes. PMID- 7207868 TI - Enkephalin-immunoreactive perikarya in the cat raphe dorsalis. AB - The serotonin-containing nucleus raphe dorsalis (RD) of the cat contains numerous leucine-enkephalin immunoreactive cells, throughout its rostral-caudal extent. The distribution of the enkephalin neurons closely parallels the cytoarchitectural boundaries of the RD, as described in previous Nissl preparations. Enkephalin perikarya are most numerous along the midline of the RD, but also extend ventrally, into the dorsal portion of the nucleus centralis superior, and laterally, into the 'wings' of the rostral RD, at the level of the IV nucleus. The possible contribution of these enkephalin cells to endogenous pain control systems is discussed. PMID- 7207869 TI - Amygdaloid kindling enhances the enkephalin content in the rat brain. AB - Established amygdaloid kindling causes an increase in the immunoassayable content of both Leuenkephalin and Met-enkephalin in the rat brain. Control and sham operated (electrode implanted but not stimulated) rats do not show statistically significant differences in brain enkephalin content, while kindled rats show a 40% enkephalin increase in both hemispheres. The present finding is in agreement with several lines of evidence and suggest that enkephalins may play a role in epileptic seizures. PMID- 7207870 TI - Depression of the firing of rat cerebral cortical neurons by 2-azido analogues of adenine nucleotides. AB - Iontophoretically applied 2-azido photoaffinity analogues of adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) have been tested on rat cerebral cortical neurons. 2-Azido-AMP and 2-azido-ATP had a powerful depressant action on the spontaneous firing of cortical neurons. Both compounds were equipotent with AMP in terms of the maximum depression elicited by equivalent current applications but the rate of recovery was markedly slowed after application of the azido analogues. The adenosine antagonist 8-(p sulphophenyl)theophylline prevented 2-azido-AMP and 2-azido-ATP from exerting their effects. The 2-azido analogues of adenosine may be useful ligands for further studies on central adenosine receptors. PMID- 7207871 TI - Evidence for a GABAergic inhibitory nigrotectal pathway in the rat. AB - The aim of the present study was to test the GABAergic nature of the inhibitory projection from substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNr) to superior colliculus (SC) in the rat, through the use of extracellular recordings and microiontophoresis. The effect of SN stimulation on the spontaneous or glutamate evoked firing of SC units was analyzed. Among 28 SC cells inhibited by SNr stimulation, 27 decreased their firing rate following iontophoretic application of either GABA or glycine. The effect of the iontophoretic administration of bicuculline on SN4-evoked inhibition was studied on 14 of these GABA- and glycine sensitive neurons. Bicuculline reversibly blocked nigral inhibition on 12 neurons, with iontophoretic current which did not affect glycine depression. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that GABA is the inhibitory transmitter of the nigrotectal projection. PMID- 7207872 TI - Efflux of potassium from neurones excited by glutamate and aspartate causes a depolarization of cultured glial cells. AB - The time course of the depolarization of cultured astrocytes and neurones by glutamate and aspartate corresponds well with the increase of the extracellular K+ concentration ([K +]0) measured with an ion-sensitive microelectrode placed in the close vicinity of the cells tested. It is concluded that the depolarization of glial cells is caused by an efflux of K+ from neighbouring neurones during their excitation by the amino acids. PMID- 7207873 TI - Effects of tetrodotoxin on changes in extracellular free calcium induced by repetitive electrical stimulation and iontophoretic application of excitatory amino acids in the sensorimotor cortex of cats. AB - Extracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]o) was measured with double barreled ion sensitive reference electrodes in the sensorimotor cortex of cats before and after application of tetrodotoxin (TTX). Electrical stimulation of the cortical surface or of the thalamic ventrobasal complex resulted in reductions of [Ca2+]o (delta Ca) by up to 0.45 mM (baseline 1.2--1.3 mM). Iontophoretic applications of the excitatory amino acids glutamate, aspartate and DL-homocysteate evoked delta Ca by up to 1.2 mM. delta Ca were largest at a depth of 100-300 micron below cortical surface. After application of 10(-5) M TTX to the cortical surface, the delta Ca evoked by electrical stimulation disappeared and the accompanying slow negative potentials were reduced in amplitude. In contrast, delta Ca evoked by excitatory amino acids were only slightly affected. It is suggested that excitatory amino acids activate voltage-dependent postsynaptic Ca2+ conductances in neocortical neurones. PMID- 7207874 TI - The action of glycine on rat epileptic foci. AB - The action of glycine (Gly) intravenously injected on rat epileptic foci induced by strychnine or penicillin topically applied, was compared with that of GABA. Gly (450 mg/kg i.v.) produced a complete block of the spiking activity. The inhibitory action of GABA (80 mg/kg), in terms of threshold and duration, was stronger than the action of Gly. The same inhibitory effect was also observed if these amino acids were applied topically or intracisternally. These results are consistent with the possibility that Gly has a role in the rat cortical inhibition. PMID- 7207875 TI - Monkey lateral hypothalamic neuron response to sight of food, and during bar press and ingestion. AB - Unit activity of 144 lateral hypothalamus (LHA) neurons was analyzed in monkey during bar pressing feeding behavior. Eighteen neurons responded only when the animal saw food, and 23 responded only during ingestion of food. Ten responded at both the sight of food and throughout the bar pressing and ingestion periods, even in high fixed ratio schedules. Three neurons responded, not at the sight of food, but at the sight of non-food. Nineteen out of a total of 54 of the above responding neurons were studied for response to differences between food and non food. Eight responded similarly at the sight of both food and non-food, while 11 responded differently. Responses during the ingestion period were strong and lasted longer than 5--10 sec. The data indicate that some LHA neurons are involved in the discrimination of food, the drive to obtain it and the perception of reward. PMID- 7207876 TI - Normal and abnormal zinc absorption in man and animals: the tryptophan connection. PMID- 7207877 TI - Selective adsorption of disaturated phospholipids and risk of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7207879 TI - Nutritional adequacy of breast feeding. PMID- 7207878 TI - Work output in undernourished adolescents: effect of early malnutrition. PMID- 7207880 TI - Picolinic acid in the treatment of disorders requiring zinc supplementation. PMID- 7207881 TI - Gastrin: a GI tract growth hormone? PMID- 7207882 TI - Effect of legume seeds on serum cholesterol. PMID- 7207884 TI - Levels of free amino acids in lactating women following ingestion of the sweetener aspartame. PMID- 7207883 TI - An in vitro model for gluten enteropathy. PMID- 7207885 TI - Chelation therapy for iron overload. PMID- 7207886 TI - Linoleic acid metabolism in the cat. PMID- 7207887 TI - Immune response and host defenses in alcoholics. PMID- 7207888 TI - A controlled trial of prenatal nutritional supplementation. PMID- 7207889 TI - Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis in a chloride-deficient infant. PMID- 7207890 TI - Alcohol and the enterohepatic circulation of folate. PMID- 7207891 TI - Accumulation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in ethanol-treated hepatocytes. PMID- 7207892 TI - Routes of neutral amino acid transport in intestinal basolateral membrane vesicles. PMID- 7207893 TI - Adolescent nutrition as it relates to cardiovascular disease and reproductive capacity later in life. PMID- 7207895 TI - Eighth annual Marabou symposium. "Nutrition in adolescence". PMID- 7207894 TI - The interrelationship between nutrition and social development in adolescence. PMID- 7207896 TI - Common medical problems in adolescence. PMID- 7207897 TI - Anaemia in adolescence. PMID- 7207898 TI - Use of a nursing model to develop a hypertension protocol. PMID- 7207899 TI - Functional heart murmurs. AB - In summary, location, change in intensity with position, timing and duration, quality, radiation, thrills, grading, and pulses and blood pressure should be kept in mind during a child health assessment. These guidelines will help to separate functional from pathologic murmurs, so that appropriate referrals can be made. PMID- 7207900 TI - Focus on health: family health assessment. PMID- 7207901 TI - Radiology rounds: interventional radiology. PMID- 7207903 TI - How much prevention is good? PMID- 7207902 TI - Jaundice. AB - Jaundice is caused by an increase in bilirubin in the blood. This can occur before the bilirubin is conjugated by the liver, or after the bilirubin has been conjugated. If the bilirubin has not yet ben conjugated, it will not be able to pass through lipid membranes and will not be soluble in water. Therefore it will not be present in urine. Increases in conjugated bilirubin by the liver, or problems in the conjugation itself. If the increase is conjugated bilirubin, the disorder lies within the outlet channels of the hepatocyte, or there is some kind of obstruction in the biliary outlet system. Within the liver itself, the most common causes of difficulty are acute and chronic hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis and drug-induced liver dysfunction. Extra-hepatic obstructions are usually associated with the gall bladder, but may result from tumors of sclerosing secondary to chronic bowel disease. PMID- 7207905 TI - Courts recognize physician non-liability. PMID- 7207904 TI - Computer-based system refines industrial needs. PMID- 7207906 TI - A do-it-yourself guide to job hazard recognition. PMID- 7207907 TI - Task and tool design: It's a "man's world'. PMID- 7207908 TI - University conducts lead exposure study. PMID- 7207909 TI - World's most stringent controls recommended. PMID- 7207910 TI - Occupational health nursing autonomy and interdependence. PMID- 7207911 TI - Potential effects of medications at work. PMID- 7207912 TI - Chronic pain: prevention through early intervention. PMID- 7207913 TI - Occupational asthma: a view of synergistic causes. PMID- 7207914 TI - Work and mental health in China. PMID- 7207915 TI - Noise-induced hearing loss. PMID- 7207917 TI - The negative placebo response. PMID- 7207916 TI - The contemporary surgical management of erectile impotence. PMID- 7207918 TI - [Functional and morphological changes in the structures of the posterior chamber of the eye in physiological aging]. PMID- 7207919 TI - [Effect of physiological aging on intraocular pressure and eye hydrodynamics]. PMID- 7207920 TI - [Epithelium of the anterior lens capsule in senile cataract]. PMID- 7207921 TI - [Age-related changes in the drainage zone of the eye and in the vessels that furnish nutrition]. PMID- 7207922 TI - [Endonasal application of a cocaine-adrenaline tampon in the overall treatment of retrobulbar neuritis]. PMID- 7207923 TI - [Systematization of eye traumatism indices and the nature of eye injuries]. PMID- 7207924 TI - [State of the anterior segment of the eye and of the chamber angle in the pigmented form of open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7207925 TI - [Neuro-ophthalmological symptoms of cerebral arterial aneurysms with a tumor-like course]. PMID- 7207926 TI - [Frequency and nature of ambylopia among athletes according to the data from a therapeutic physical exercise dispensary]. PMID- 7207927 TI - [Biochemical mechanisms of cataract genesis. The glutathione level in the development of experimental cataract]. PMID- 7207928 TI - [Epithelial ultrastructure of neonatal and adult corneas]. PMID- 7207929 TI - [Classification of fundus oculi changes in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7207931 TI - [Method of orthoptic exercises in spasms of accommodation and myopia]. PMID- 7207930 TI - [Operation to remove spastic entropion of the lower lid]. PMID- 7207932 TI - [Device for determining convergence and divergence reserves]. PMID- 7207933 TI - [Ophthalmomyiasis]. PMID- 7207934 TI - [Ophthalmomyiasis with parasitization by larvae of the Russian gadfly]. PMID- 7207935 TI - [Biomicroscopy as the main diagnostic method in vitreous body pathology]. PMID- 7207936 TI - [Dynamics and transformation of the clinical forms of vitreocele in light of a new classification]. PMID- 7207937 TI - [Changes in the vitreous body in retinal pigment dystrophy]. PMID- 7207938 TI - [Vitrectomy in treating severe forms of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7207939 TI - [Traumatic recurrent hyphema: its pathogenesis and treatment]. PMID- 7207940 TI - [Action of ultrasound on the work capacity of accomodative muscle]. PMID- 7207941 TI - [Oxygen-protein-vitamin cocktails in the overall therapy of corneal diseases and injuries]. PMID- 7207942 TI - [Results of cataract phacoemulsification using a Soviet phacoemulsifier]. PMID- 7207944 TI - [Functional studies of the macular area in atherosclerotic dystrophy patients]. PMID- 7207943 TI - [Combined scleroplastic reconstruction of the eyes with high myopia]. PMID- 7207945 TI - [Diagnosis of latent carbohydrate metabolic disorders in primary glucoma]. PMID- 7207946 TI - [Organization of socialist competition in the ophthalmological institutions of Donetsk Province]. PMID- 7207947 TI - [Attachment for the ADM adaptometer for studying local dark adaptation]. PMID- 7207948 TI - [Postoperative corrective "screens"]. PMID- 7207949 TI - [Antiglaucoma operation: "scleroplasty of the drainage zone"]. PMID- 7207951 TI - Statistical analysis of potential cancer clusters. AB - Cluster analysis of disease occurrence has a long history in acute models' it has only recently begun to be used for chronic models. This extrapolation of methods has resulted in severe limitations and several modifications. Two cluster reports from Florida are given as examples for a review of the prevalent statistical techniques available for cancer cluster analysis. The methods are described and discussed. The significance of the two clusters is left unsolved. PMID- 7207950 TI - 5-fluorouracil uptake by irradiation perturbed tumor. AB - An in vitro system was used to study the uptake of 5-fluorouracil by LSA ascites tumor cells. Changes in drug uptake with cell age and following a 1,000-rad radiation perturbation of the cell population were studied. DNA synthesis and drug uptake were highest during early rapid tumor growth and decreased with tumor age and stationary phase. Radiation perturbation by 1,000 rad caused a second peak of cellular DNA synthetic activity and drug uptake. These results indicate that irradiation stimulated regrowth activity of tumor in vivo after the 1,000 rad exposure. In vivo survival time changes of stationary phase tumor after in vivo irradiation correlated with the vitro assay data. This indicates that combined treatment modalities depends in part on the regrowth of tumor after tumor cell killing. PMID- 7207952 TI - Tumorigenicity of chromosomally abnormal human cultured cells in two xenogenic organ culture assays. AB - Organ cultures of chick and rabbit embryonic skin were used to assess the tumorigenicity of cultured human cell lines. Cell lines were from patients with (1) specific chromosomal abnormalities and an increased risk of cancer (Down's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, Partial D Trisomy, Bloom's syndrome, Franconi's anemia, ataxia telangiectasia and xeroderma pigmentosum); (2) a specific chromosomal abnormality but no increased risk for cancer (Cri du chat), and (3) a biochemical defect (galactosemia). In addition, tumor cell lines and cell lines of normal origin were used as positive and negative standards. Mitotic ability was quantified by dividing the total number of mitoses in the cell inoculum seen in histologic sections by the number of sections examined to give a computed mean number of mitoses per section (MMS). Neoplastic cell lines showed MMS values greater than 1.0 while cell lines of normal origin were less than 0.25. The cell lines derived from patients with chromosomal abnormalities and the patient with a biochemical defect, whether the individuals were at an increased risk for cancer or not, gave the same range of MMS values as obtained for cells of normal origin. These results that chromosomal aberrations per se do not enhance the cell's capability for proliferation on a xenogenic substrate. PMID- 7207953 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels in splenectomized Hodgkin patients and in subjects following post-traumatic splenectomy. AB - Mean serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) in splenectomized Hodgkin's disease patients in remission were compared with a control group of splenectomized healthy subjects following trauma. The controls showed a higher IgA and lower IgM than the normal. The IgM of the Hodgkin's group were decreased below the normal but showed no difference from the control group. IgA and IgG levels were not significantly different from the levels in the splenectomized healthy subjects. These results suggest that changes in immunoglobulins in splenectomized Hodgkin patients could be attributed to the effect of the removal of the spleen. PMID- 7207955 TI - Safe and effective intraocular lens implantation in a teaching environment. AB - Intraocular lens implantation was performed as part of a residency training program over a period of two years. Both residents and faculty performed surgery, using anterior chamber angle-fixated (Tennant-Choyce) and iris-fixated (Worst Medallion) lenses. Data with at least three months of follow-up were collected on 148 patients. Of these, visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 65% (68% of resident cases, 61% of faculty cases). Cystoid macular edema was the most common complication (13% of all cases) occurring nearly twice as often in resident cases. Based on the above, the authors conclude that it is justified to continue a program of lens implantation in a training environment. PMID- 7207954 TI - Effect of anticancer agents on invasion of mouse fibrosarcoma cells in vitro. AB - The anti-invasive effect of microtubule inhibitors and other growth inhibitors was examined in confrontations of aggregates of mouse fibrosarcoma cells (MO4) with fragments of embryonic chick heart. The microtubule inhibitors Nocodazole and methyl [5-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-yl] carbamate at 1 microgram/ml inhibited invasion. 5-Fluorouracil at 1 microgram/ml, mitomycin C at 0.1 microgram/ml and ionizing radiation at 50 Gy permitted invasion of fibrosarcoma cells into the heart tissue. These results suggest that tumors, the growth of which is effectively controlled, might continue to invade. PMID- 7207956 TI - Conjunctival bandage. AB - In those instances of corneal disease where a traditional hydrophilic bandage lens cannot be fitted, using the combination of a hydrophilic bandage lens and an overlying conjunctival flap is a relatively simple surgical procedure. It has the advantage of easy removability of the bandage lens while eliminating the possibility of accidental dislodgment of the bandage lens. PMID- 7207957 TI - A new endoillumination infusion cannula for pars plana vitrectomy. AB - A new endoillumination infusion cannula has been developed that allows for wide field illumination of the retina during pars plana vitrectomy surgery. This frees the surgeon from having to use one of the intravitreal probes for endoillumination when using the bimanual technique in pars plana vitrectomy. This innovative endoillumination source also can be used with indirect ophthalmoscopy, at surgery, avoiding the glare generated by the indirect ophthalmoscope's light beam interacting with the corneal surface and the condensing lens surfaces. PMID- 7207958 TI - Accuracy of intraocular lens powers calculated from A-scan biometry with the Echo Oculometer. AB - Our study indicates that by using data obtained from the Model 3000 Echo Oculometer, 93% of eyes receiving intraocular lenses will have an optimal visual acuity which will differ by less than three diopters from that calculated. With oscilloscopic control of the end points, the Echo-Oculometer provided good inter observer reproducibility and low variability. PMID- 7207959 TI - A V-notched irrigator tip for intraocular lens manipulation. PMID- 7207960 TI - A corneal punch: feasibility and accuracy. AB - A corneal punch used for making circular holes in the aorta was tried on pig eyes to check for efficacy and accuracy. This approach was rejected as being clinically useless because the incision necessary to introduce the punch was larger than the diameter of the cut, intraocular trauma was felt to be inevitable due to the large amount of effort necessary to punch, the tissue removed was oval and the internal diameter was much larger than the external diameter of the tissue cut. PMID- 7207961 TI - Cleaning the posterior capsule. PMID- 7207962 TI - Patient information before cataract surgery. AB - Patients have to be informed before cataract surgery about possible complications, about chances and risks. This should be done in a written manner with additional verbal explanations. We documented all details of 4,300 cataract operations on computer-readable forms and obtained statistics on type and frequency of complications as well as visual acuity 1 week after the operation. With these data we have a reliable base for the presurgical information of our patients. Detailed information about possible risks and chances of cataract extraction were given to each patient by means of a written form which was read to the patient and explained in details to him. Immediately afterwards we tested the reaction of the patient upon the full information. It was found that the reactions were surprisingly positive. Not one of the patients felt less inclined to undergo surgery and not one patient had less confidence toward the hospital. The vast majority (approximately 90%) of the patients said in contrary that their confidence was much increased after the information. A similar type of information can be recommended, therefore, for moral and legal reasons. PMID- 7207964 TI - Recurrent traumatic hyphema due to increased local fibrinolysis. AB - A 20-year-old male was injured in his right eye by the stopper of a bottle filled with carbonated fruit juice. The contusion caused a recurrent hyphema which lasted approximately 6 weeks and responded to epsilon-aminocaproic acid treatment. Among the investigations for coagulation and fibrinolysis, the only pathological laboratory finding was a shortened plasma euglobulin clot lysis time (1.5 h) which returned to normal (4--5 h) following the epsilon-aminocaproic and treatment. PMID- 7207963 TI - Amiodarone keratopathy. AB - 6 cardiac patients were found to present various degrees of corneal involvement following systemic treatment with amiodarone. The clinical pattern of the keratopathy, its benign course and the pathophysiology are discussed. Lacrimal insufficiency or incomplete blinking seem to contribute to the severity of the keratopathy. PMID- 7207965 TI - Electron microscopic observations of intravitreal Cysticercus cellulosae (Taenia solium). AB - Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval stage of Taenia solium, was studied by light and electron microscopy after its removal from the vitreous. The ultrastructure of the larva is highly organized and displays a superficial tegument and deeper parenchyma. The tegument contains a microvillous surface overlying a syncytial cytoplasm. A deeper muscular layer overlies the parenchyma, within which are highly specialized structures important in water balance, flame cells, and acid neutralizing calcareous corpuscles. PMID- 7207966 TI - [Ultrasonography of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in children (author's transl)]. AB - We report on 4 children suffering from orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. The ultrasonographical findings in both A and B mode are: irregular structure, poorly outlined borders, very low reflectivity, weak sound attenuation, hard consistency and little mobility of the tumor. There was no correlation between the ultrasonographical findings and the histological type of rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 7207967 TI - [An equidensitometric procedure for the objective evaluation of the cup/disc ratio (author's transl)]. AB - An equidensitometric method for the objective evaluation of the cup/disc ratio is presented which allows an exact metrical analysis of the optic nerve head and thereby makes prognostic statements as to the course of glaucoma possible. PMID- 7207969 TI - Format-filled detail photographs with the Kowa RC-W retinal camera. AB - We adapted a Nikon camera body without a build-in mask to the Kowa RC-W retinal camera in combination with the Komura Telemore 95 2 X magnification accessory attachment. This way we obtain finer detail retinal photographs taking the complete image field of 24 X 36 mm on the film into consideration. The negatives or slides are large enough to be read without the use of a magnifier. Most other systems have a smaller field of view at higher magnification, because of built-in masks. PMID- 7207968 TI - [Early ophthalmological manifestation of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Diagnostic and possible therapeutic aspects (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a 6-year-old boy is referred. Ophthalmological findings suggested subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Only very distinct neurological alterations could be found. Positive measle titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid and positive subacute sclerosing panencephalitis factors proved the diagnosis. While the first eye showed a macular scar and mild optic neuritis the second eye developed the acute stage of retinal lesion and immediate visual loss. Differential diagnosis and possible therapeutical aspects are discussed. PMID- 7207970 TI - [Effectivity of different methods for disinfection of applanation tonometer prisms (author's transl)]. AB - In 13,440 bacteriological investigations the effectivity of different methods for desinfection of Goldmann tonometer prisms (merfen, pantasept, sekusept steril, UV sterilizer Sklar) is tested. Sekusept steril and UV sterilizer show the quickest and most sufficient results. They cause no damage to corneal epithelium or to plastic objects. We can recommend them for desinfection of applanation tonometer prims, Goldmann's gonioscopy and fundus contact lenses as routine methods. PMID- 7207971 TI - Pathology of ocular tissues in amyloidosis. AB - Ocular involvement was found in 29 autopsied individuals with generalized vascular amyloidosis. It may be present both in clinically primary and secondary amyloidosis. In the latter form the choroid and the sclera are particulary involved, whereas in the orbit the most frequently affected tissues in both forms are the extraocular muscles. However, in most cases amyloid deposits are localized in the vessels of the aterial circle of Zinn-Haller. The retina showed no involvement in 28 of 29 cases while optic nerve fibres never were affected. The optic nerve dural sheath was slightly involved in 8 cases. PMID- 7207973 TI - Recovery from macular photostress and slow retinal potentials in cured retinal detachment. AB - After successful surgery for retinal detachment, a series of functional tests was performed, which primarily concerned the contact between photoreceptors and pigment epithelium. Even several months after reattachment the EOG still remained lower than in the fellow eye, when the macula was involved. If maximal visual acuity was reached with a formerly detached retinal area, the photostress recovery time was found to be delayed. The dc-coupled ERG showed distinct impairment of the c-wave in the eye with the reattached retina. PMID- 7207972 TI - Tolerance of normal rabbit eyes to the antineoplastic carmustine. AB - Various dosages of the anticancer agent 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (carmustine, BCNU) were administered to 28 normal rabbit eyes. Single injections and series of injections were given to determine the tolerance and toxicity levels of this drug when injected directly into the vitreous cavity, the anterior chamber, or the subtenon-retrobulbar space. During a follow-up period of 3 weeks to 4 months, no significant ocular changes were noted following a single injection of BCNU into the vitreous (0.002--0.50 mg) or anterior chamber (0.001- 0.250 mg), or 10 daily subtenon-retrobulbar injections (0.5--1.0 mg each). When the daily dosage was increased to 1.5--2.0 mg, corneal damage with stromal infiltration, edema, and vascularization were found after the course of the 10 subtenon-retrobulbar injections in 3 of 6 test animals. PMID- 7207974 TI - [Rebound nystagmus (author's transl)]. AB - Rebound nystagmus represents a disorder of ocular motility, encountered in patients with chronic cerebellar lesions. The case history of a 34-year-old patient suffering from cerebellar degeneration is introduced briefly, and the oculographic features of rebound nystagmus are discussed with special remarks on the problems, tracing this kind of ocular motor disturbance. PMID- 7207975 TI - Vestibular nerve compression in eighth-nerve tumors. AB - The superior vestibular nerve was studied histologically in 25 patients who underwent removal of inferior vestibular nerve schwannoma. In most cases, the nerve fibers were structurally normal but the endoneurial space showed various degrees of capillary stasis and/or extravasation of red blood cells. Increased fibrosis of the endoneurial space was seen in about two-thirds of the cases; it was mild in all except two cases. The endoneurial space appeared edematic in about one-third of the cases. Wallerian degeneration of individual fibers was occasionally observed in most cases and was severe in the two cases with moderate or severe endoneurial fibrosis. In about one-third of the cases there were large numbers of myelinated nerve fibers with thinned myelin sheaths. The observed structural changes are compatible with those seen in human and experimentally induced chronic compressive or entrapment neuropathies. Thus, early symptoms of eighth-nerve tumors might develop due to direct compression of the eighth-nerve trunk within the internal auditory canal. PMID- 7207976 TI - Optokinetic reactions during free head rotations. AB - In order to study the effects of head rotations on optokinetic responses, we compared optokinetic nystagmus on gaze recordings between pursuits with the head fixed, with fixed-head oscillations and with the head free. Although subjects could perceptionally well pursue stripes even at 120 and 150 degrees/sec in case of pursuits with the head free, while fixed-head oscillations inhibited trackings, we could not find a significant difference of pursuit gaze speed among the different conditions. The result indicates that pursuit gaze speed is decided exclusively by the stripe speed, irrespective of head movements, and that the most important factor to decide perception is the pursuit angle of the tracked stripes rather than the pursuit speed. PMID- 7207977 TI - Aspects on treatment principles of tongue carcinomas. AB - The present investigation of a retrospective series of patients with tongue cancers aimed at assessing the results of various treatment principles. We suggest that surgery must be taken into account particularly when large primary tumors as well as palpable regional nodes are found. Because of the unpredictable metastasis behavior, even in cases of small primary tumors without clinical evidence of regional spread, the potential risk of regional microdeposits must always be suspected. Therefore, irradiation of the neck field with fractionated doses of 5,000 rad, alone or in combination with surgery should be considered in all patients with tongue cancers. PMID- 7207978 TI - Nasopharyngeal mechanoreceptors and their role in autoregulation of endotympanic pressure. AB - Gairn's method for nerve endings was used to study the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx. A simple type of end bulb was found in the fossa of Rosenmuller. The end bulbs were especially abundant near the tubal orifice. They are probably part of a pressure sensor mechanism having a direct reflex control on Eustachian tube musculature for the equalisation of middle ear pressure. PMID- 7207979 TI - Selection of appropriate treatment for patients with myelomeningocele. AB - Patients with myelomeningocele are limited in their eventual adult habilitation by the level of their lesion. Patients with high level lesions are not only limited in their motor skills but tend to have an increased number of central nervous system abnormalities in relationship to the height of their level of paralysis. These disabilities require more treatment and training, and the patient's time should not be occupied by unnecessary treatment or training that will not be utilized in adulthood. Exhaustive treatment for ambulation should not be utilized in potentially nonambulatory patients. Early prognostic indicators are utilized and treatment is based on the patient's potentials. Teaching and practice of the skills needed in adulthood along with motivation impetus must be carried out in the young child if the skills are to be successfully used in adulthood. PMID- 7207980 TI - Management of foot and knee deformities in the mentally retarded. PMID- 7207981 TI - Perspectives on surgery for scoliosis in mentally retarded patients. AB - The goals of surgery in the retarded patient with spinal deformity are to maximize function (for example, free the hands, decrease the occurrence of pressure sores, and so forth). Concomitantly, the goal while treating the patient should be to minimize the interference with social, intellectual, and general development while counting on no operation by the patient. The new tools of internal fixation available to the surgeon have made spinal surgery possible in these patients despite their lack of cooperation and their other medical problems, seizures, and spasticity. Although combined Dwyer instrumentation with subsequent posterior Harrington instrumentation or posterior fusion and Harrington instrumentation alone have been used most commonly, recent favorable experience suggests a larger role for segmental stabilization of the spine because of the greater purchase on the spine and the lack of need for prolonged external mobilization. PMID- 7207982 TI - Surgery of the upper extremity in the retarded individual with spastic cerebral palsy. PMID- 7207983 TI - Treatment of spastic joint contractures in mentally disabled adults. PMID- 7207984 TI - Treatment of hip fractures in elderly and senile patients. AB - Hip fractures in elderly and senile patients are associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. For this reason, restoration of function rather than restoration of the hip must be the first concern. In senile patients with intertrochanteric fractures, condylocephalic fixations is preferred because of the decreased infection rate. In patients with severe osteoporosis, bed rest with traction as needed for comfort may be preferable. Fractures of the femoral neck in this group are best treated with percutaneous pin fixation. In the elderly ambulatory patient with no more than minimal confusion, compression screw fixation with severe osteoporosis in these patients should have adjunctive use of methylmethacrylate. In this group, fractures of the femoral neck in our experience are better treated with a cemented endoprosthesis or total hip arthroplasty. PMID- 7207985 TI - Caveat: hip fractures in the mentally deficient. AB - Some hip fractures in mentally deficient patients are days to weeks old, are not painful, and can be treated nonoperatively. Despite current emphasis on reduction an internal fixation of femoral neck fractures, displaced fractures (Garden IV) in this group should not be nailed. Impacted neck fractures (Garden I) should be pinned in situ and the patient should ambulate immediately. Hemiarthroplasty is the treatment of choice for displaced intracapsular fractures in those previously ambulatory. Late pain is not a clinical problem. Extracapsular fractures should be reduced and nailed with a sliding device in a valgus position without medial displacement, and the patient should ambulate immediately. Extended hospital stays for the purpose of physical therapy should be avoided. These people should be returned as soon as possible to their previous environment where graduated mobilization should be encouraged. PMID- 7207986 TI - Orthotics for the mentally retarded. AB - Although only a portion of mentally retarded persons need orthotic management, these services can help achieve increased function and independence or make custodial care easier for the health care team or family. PMID- 7207987 TI - The functional and social significance of orthopedic rehabilitation of mentally retarded patients with cerebral palsy. AB - The 14 outpatients transferred for surgery on the hips and legs also made significant gains, primarily in hygiene and sitting tolerance. Unfortunately, they required two to four times the period of hospitalization of similarly involved nonretarded children. This is an important consideration in the outpatient group, perhaps less so in the previously institutionalized child. In the entire group of patients, including those followed for less than five years, we have had three deaths. Two were due to pneumonia, two months and four months after the hip procedure. One was due to osteosarcoma of the operated femur four years postoperatively. PMID- 7207988 TI - The grief-relief process: coping with the life and death of physically and mentally disabled children. AB - Many parents of children with severe physical and mental deficits appear to be in conflict between two ambivalent emotions, wanting to live with their child and needing to be relieved from their child's constant suffering. This internal struggle may become a life-long "grief-relief process" for the parents that is manageable but unresolved. The emotional conflict may result in a subconscious or conscious death wish for the child. The conflict reaches its peak when etiology, surgery, and prognosis are discussed and when the child dies. It has been noted that with the death of the child there may be a rapid movement from grief to a sense of relief. This has been referred to as the "grief-relief phenomenon." Though relief appears soon, the period of bereavement may be long and painful. Consequently, the importance of long-term follow-up has been emphasized. Practical suggestions have been offered to allied health professionals working with these parents on a daily basis. This article has concerned itself primarily with the emotional adjustment of parents to children with severe deficits. The grief-relief phenomenon may also be applicable in relation to other populations, such as elderly or terminally ill patients who are constantly in pain and suffering. PMID- 7207989 TI - Genetic factors in the etiology of mental retardation. AB - Mental retardation is a condition with multiple, disparate causes, both environmental and genetic. In this article we have tried to characterize, in a general fashion, the nature of the genetic factors through a discussion of polygenic inheritance, single gene errors, and chromosomal anomalies. Despite the existence of a large and complex body of knowledge, which has only been touched upon here, it is sobering to realize that we cannot diagnose almost half of the mentally retarded. Even in those in whom a genetic etiology is obvious, we know little about the intervening processes that operate between the gene and the mental deficiency it produces. Under the conditions, therapy holds little promise, while prevention assumes a high priority. Prevention of mental retardation due to genetic factors requires the physician to have a basis knowledge of genetic principles and syndromes, of prenatal diagnostic technology, and a determination to inform, even when the patient does not ask. PMID- 7207990 TI - Spectrum of developmental disabilities: continuum of motor dysfunction. AB - The spectrum of developmental disabilities encompasses a diverse group of interrelated disorders with multiple manifestations resulting from brain dysfunction. Motor disability has been highlighted, as it is the most frequent presenting sign of developmental disability. Such disability may vary from severe to minimal. Severe disability, or cerebral palsy, is well appreciated, as are the additional associated disabilities that affect habilitation. Mild to minimal motor disability (mild to minimal cerebral palsy), because it is usually nonhandicapping, is less frequently appreciated as a marker of brain dysfunction. Further delineation of the child's nonmotor abilities is necessary in order to define the scope of the disability. Cognitive limitation is not an important cause for the gross motor delay seen in children with mental retardation. It is our postulation that the motor deficit is on the basis of mild to minimal cerebral palsy. This diagnosis is frequently obscured by the mental retardation. PMID- 7207991 TI - Informed consent. PMID- 7207992 TI - Anesthesia for the mentally retarded patient. AB - In summary, their are a great many causes of mental retardation, each of which must be investigated carefully prior to induction of anesthesia. There are a few basic points to be remembered, no matter what the disease: (1) establish how much the patient understands and whether or not the patient can communicate, (2) establish whatever rapport is possible and use that both preoperatively and postoperatively in place of medication if possible, (3) avoid early extubation, and (4) be prepared for fairly long-term ventilation if the child cannot cooperate. The choice of anesthetic agents and preoperative and postoperative medications, their route of administration, and amount will be dictated by the disease entity, its severity, and the scope of the contemplated surgery. PMID- 7207993 TI - Challenges in the care of the retarded child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Recent psychological testing and neuropathologic studies support the occurrence of relative retardation, an in some cases severe retardation, in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle deterioration and wasting are associated with the natural progression of the disease. Progressive physical weakness can be described in the following stages: early, walking, wheelchair, and late. The more emotionally mature the family, the more effective they are in coping at each stage of the disease. Nevertheless, a constant stress is present in all families. This stress can increase or plateau at the various stages and as new problems are encountered. When mental retardation is significant, the stress on the family become even more marked. PMID- 7207994 TI - Orthopedic surgery of the hips and spine in retarded cerebral palsy patients. PMID- 7207995 TI - Proximal femoral resection or total hip replacement in severely disabled cerebral spastic patients. AB - 1. Our understanding of the mechanism and origin of pain in degenerative arthritis of the hip is incomplete at this time, whether we are dealing with a neurologically intact individual or a person who has spasticity of cerebral origin. 2. Predicting whether or not a particular hip in a nonambulatory patient whose spasticity is of cerebral origin at an early age will eventually become painful at some future date is extremely difficult. Once the patient attains adolescence or adulthood, the hip may become painful whether it is located, subluxated, or dislocated. 3. In the skeletally immature patient with cerebral palsy we may be justified in operating to correct clinically relevant soft tissue and bony deformities about the hip. In the skeletally mature patient, we should operate for pain and disability, not solely for deformity. 4. We do not yet have salvage or reconstructive hip procedures that yield consistently satisfactory long-term results in severely disabled cerebral-spastic patients. PMID- 7207996 TI - [Treatment of open fractures with extensive soft tissue injury in a controlled abacterial environment]. PMID- 7207997 TI - [Ultrasound debridement in treating suppurative wounds of soft tissue and bones]. PMID- 7207998 TI - [Effect of pulsed ultrasound on the healing of an experimental intra-articular fracture of the knee joint]. PMID- 7207999 TI - [Effect of ultrasonics on reparative osteogenesis (an experimental morphological study)]. PMID- 7208000 TI - [Errors, hazards and complications in using metallosynthesis]. PMID- 7208001 TI - [Changes in the water-salt equilibrium indices during combined general and local cooling]. PMID- 7208002 TI - [Periostotendopathies in athletes]. PMID- 7208003 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of injuries to the quadriceps femoris tendon and to the patellar ligament]. PMID- 7208004 TI - [New possibilities of transosseous osteosynthesis in the conservative and rehabilitative treatment of severe injuries to the extremities (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7208005 TI - [Double diaphyseal fractures of the humerus]. PMID- 7208006 TI - [Mortality and disability in the victims of road traffic accidents]. PMID- 7208007 TI - [New acetabulum for the Sivash artificial hip joint]. PMID- 7208008 TI - [Methodologic characteristics of studying orthopedic morbidity]. PMID- 7208009 TI - [Social hygienic factors of injuries and the measures for decreasing temporary work incapacity]. PMID- 7208010 TI - [Topical diagnostic principles in spinal pathology (I)]. PMID- 7208011 TI - [Cholesterol and triglyceride content of lipoproteins in hyperlipoproteinemia type II/a, II/b and IV]. PMID- 7208012 TI - [Changes in laboratory chemical values during continuous peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 7208013 TI - [The use of pre-mixed dinitrogen oxide-oxygen mixture in analgesia]. PMID- 7208014 TI - [Granulomatous orchitis (malacoplakia?)]. PMID- 7208015 TI - [Cryotherapy in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck]. PMID- 7208016 TI - [Liver function, immune complex and hemostasis tests in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 7208017 TI - [Complications and treatment of 279 cases of elective radical colonic surgery]. PMID- 7208018 TI - [Wilson's disease (family study)]. PMID- 7208019 TI - [Chorionic biopsy under immediate real-time (ultrasonic) control]. PMID- 7208020 TI - [The value of Reiter protein counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the serodiagnosis of syphilis]. PMID- 7208021 TI - [Summer camping for diabetic children]. PMID- 7208022 TI - [Familial incidence of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis]. PMID- 7208023 TI - [Neonatal syphilis and procaine penicillin]. PMID- 7208024 TI - [Thermographic investigations in tumours of the parotid glands (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208025 TI - [The method of controlled haemodilution with bloodletting and donation of own plasma in laryngectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208026 TI - [Effect of tone phase change on auditory localization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208027 TI - [Variability of directional hearing in open acoustic field in normally hearing subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208028 TI - [Measurements of the threshold of stapedius muscle reflex in assessing the sensitivity to noise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208029 TI - [Cochlear aqueduct (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208031 TI - [Squamous-cell carcinoma of nasal septum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208030 TI - [Radiation-induced laryngeal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208032 TI - [Large osteoma of ethmoid labyrinth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208033 TI - Presidential remarks. PMID- 7208034 TI - Lymphatics of the floor of the mouth and periosteum: anatomic studies with possible clinical correlations. AB - An anatomic study is made to determine the role of the periosteum in the lymphatic drainage of the floor of the mouth in the dog. Microsurgical techniques are used to cannulate and perfuse a lymphatic vessel. Pathways are dissected to the proximity of the mandible, where a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap is elevated. It is found that the floor-of-the-mouth lymphatics drained through the periosteum prior to entering the cervical lymphatic chain. PMID- 7208035 TI - Intracranial abscesses secondary to ear and paranasal sinuses infections. AB - The death rate of brain abscesses in a recently reported series is high, ranging from 36% to 50% of all cases. This paper reports experiences with ten cases of intracranial abscesses secondary to ear and sinus infections. Six of these abscesses are secondary to otitic infections with three of them located in the cerebellum. Two of the cerebellar abscesses are surgically drained through the temporal bone by the otologic surgeon, with close neurosurgical cooperation. Computerized axial tomography has revolutionized the treatment of intracranial abscesses optimizing the timing for medical and surgical management. PMID- 7208036 TI - Retropharyngeal abscess in the adult. AB - Retropharyngeal and prevertebral abscesses, although uncommon, present a perplexing diagnostic and therapeutic problem. In the adult, the disease is less common than in the child, but its etiology may be more diverse. Four cases of retropharyngeal or prevertebral abscesses in the adult are presented, resulting from (1) endotracheal intubation trauma, (2) esophageal perforation, (3) tuberculosis of the cervical spine, and (4) coccidioidomycosis. The pathophysiologic conditions and pertinent anatomy are discussed in relation to the medical and surgical approach to these lesions. PMID- 7208037 TI - Nutritional assessment of the head and neck cancer patient. AB - Malnutrition is a common problem in patients with head and neck cancer. Its presence may lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality following an operation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. A standard nutritional assessment will define the nature and degree of the nutritional deficiency while periodic reassessment will document the effects of nutritional support. PMID- 7208038 TI - Epidermoid carcinoma of the floor of the mouth: surgical therapy vs combined therapy vs radiation therapy. AB - A retrospective analysis of 103 selected patients with floor-of-mouth epidermoid carcinoma compared the effectiveness of surgical therapy alone vs planned preoperative radiation combined therapy vs irradiation therapy. All three treatment methods appeared equally effective in irradicating stage I and II disease. Stage III floor-of-mouth epidermoid carcinoma was similarly controlled by either surgical therapy or combined therapy. Irradiation therapy alone was markedly inferior in treatment of stage III disease. Stage IV disease was poorly handled by any of the treatment methods. Histologic factors, tumor characteristics, tumor spread, nodal status, and staging did not appear in the majority of cases to significantly influence treatment selection or survival or both. PMID- 7208039 TI - Transseptal transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. AB - The usual surgical approach to the sella turcica is via a labial sulcus incision over the nasal spine with continuation backward to the nasal septum and sphenoid sinus. In our series of 25 transsphenoidal hypophysectomies, a primary transseptal approach was used, avoiding the oral incision. The operating time was reduced, and the visualization was adequate. The morbidity associated with the labial sulcus incision was also avoided. The surgical approach and results are discussed. PMID- 7208040 TI - Computerized axial tomography in the assessment of thyroid cartilage invasion by laryngeal carcinoma: a prospective study. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the value of computerized axial tomography (CAT) in canine larynges that exhibit controlled surgical defects, and in 18 patients with biopsy-proved epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx who were studied prospectively. Five canine larynges with sequential surgical defects of 0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm were studied by CAT in order to evaluate our ability to identify defects in the thyroid cartilage. A 5-mm collimator with overlapping sections at 3-mm intervals and a 13-mm collimator with 5-mm overlapping sections were both used for each stage of the experiment. Results show significantly improved resolution with the 5-mm collimator compared with the 13-mm unit. In the human study group, results demonstrated excellent (100%) soft-tissue tumor site correlation. It appears from this study that we still lack a highly reliable radiographic technique for evaluating preoperatively with accuracy the integrity of the thyroid cartilage in the patient with carcinoma of the larynx. PMID- 7208042 TI - Combined therapy for pyriform sinus cancer using postoperative irradiation. AB - A review of 33 patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma, seen between September 1972 and September 1978, is done. Preoperative irradiation is done in seven patients, resulting in a 28% survival rate. Postoperative irradiation in 14 patients yields a 64% survival rate. The average follow-up is 39.2 months. Survival is unaffected by the factor of geographic center of the tumor origin. Irradiation alone is done, mainly in patients who are inoperable or refuse surgery. There is a poor survival rate. PMID- 7208041 TI - Parathyroid microautotransplantation and the viscerovertebral angle. AB - Conservation of physiologic values of circulating parathormone is a surgical objective in those instances in which a hyperfunctional parathyroid state exists as well as in those instances in which cervical evisceration employed as an ablative measure for the management of neoplastic disease threatens to impose postoperative tetany. Because the parathyroid glands may vary in number and in anatomic sites, a predictable and reproducible surgical approach that permits the operator an avenue of access to these structures is used. The viscerovertebral angle provides a surgical modality which facilitates the operative effort. The method has been applied in more than 70 patients. PMID- 7208043 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma in solitary laryngeal papilloma. AB - This case report of a 20-year-old white woman is the youngest patient with a documented squamous cell carcinoma in a solitary nonirradiated laryngeal papilloma. It is rare for malignant degeneration of solitary squamous cell papilloma to occur in a patient under the age of 40. This case is also unique in that most solitary laryngeal papilloma with or without neoplasm occur in males. Most reported malignant neoplasms in squamous papilloma have been previously treated with irradiation. Because approximately 2% to 3% of solitary laryngeal papilloma have malignant neoplasms, adequate biopsy of the lesion and thorough histologic examination must always be done. PMID- 7208044 TI - Current status of muscle biopsy in facial paralysis. AB - The six abnormalities found in pathologic muscle biopsies are described and discussed. Those changes which are indicative of nerve denervation or muscle regeneration are tabulated. Muscle biopsy, as it related to facial paralysis, must still be considered, for the most part, an experimental tool. In certain puzzling situations, eg, neonatal facial paralysis, it can be of value as an adjunct to nerve excitability and electromyographic tests. PMID- 7208045 TI - Posterior glottic laryngeal stenosis. PMID- 7208046 TI - Malignant change of laryngeal papillomas: a case report. AB - A major controversy surrounding juvenile papilloma is whether or not these lesions ever spontaneously undergo malignant change. One view contends that malignant change never takes place unless the lesion is irradiated. Presented is a 22-year-old man who suddenly develops features of extensive malignant invasion of his neck and mediastinum but has no history of irradiation. PMID- 7208047 TI - Myringotomy tube materials: bacterial adhesion and infection. AB - Postoperative infection after placement of myringotomy tubes is common. Surgeons and manufacturers of surgical devices have frequently substituted one material for another in middle ear prostheses without analyzing the interaction of material and infection. Implant material attributes are reviewed. Scanning electron micrographs are presented that demonstrate characteristic surface differences between materials and between the same material of different manufacturers. A preliminary clinical controlled study of the covariance of purulence with silicone vs fluorocarbon tubes demonstrates statistically significant differences. The implications of this information are discussed. PMID- 7208048 TI - Iso-spectrum level masking contours and frequency selectivity in humans. PMID- 7208049 TI - Auditory evoked responses obtained by cross-correlation: a preliminary report. PMID- 7208050 TI - Status report on professional advertising. PMID- 7208051 TI - Malpractice arbitration: endangered but not extinct. PMID- 7208052 TI - Planning for distributions from retirement plans. PMID- 7208053 TI - Electrical injury of the abdomen. PMID- 7208055 TI - External eye problems of elderly patients. PMID- 7208054 TI - Timolol used in treating glaucoma. PMID- 7208056 TI - Serum ferritin level as index of iron stores. PMID- 7208057 TI - [Right-to-left shunt in the neonatal period: IV. Shunt calculation in the hypoxic newborn on the 1st day of life]. PMID- 7208058 TI - [Right-to-left shunt in the neonatal period: V. Determination of oxygen partial pressure in the blood using a metra-micro-measuring chamber]. PMID- 7208059 TI - [Behavior of lactate-dehydrogenase isoenzymes (LDH), aspartate-aminotransferase (GOT) and aldolase in the blood plasma of children with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 7208060 TI - [Controlled digoxin therapy of children with vitium cordis congenitum]. PMID- 7208061 TI - [Remarks on infantile mastoiditis in the antibiotic era]. PMID- 7208062 TI - [Adverse effects of antibiotic substances on the dental tissue]. PMID- 7208063 TI - [Biological changes with age in schoolchildren from Jena]. PMID- 7208064 TI - Mother milk and the Indonesian economy: a major national resource. PMID- 7208065 TI - Oral rehydration solution: an appropriate formula for acute infantile diarrhoea. PMID- 7208066 TI - The child in hospital: early stimulation and therapy through play: an introduction. PMID- 7208067 TI - The first hour after delivery--its impact on synchrony of the parent-infant relationship. PMID- 7208069 TI - Parents' perceptions of their low birth weight infants. PMID- 7208068 TI - The intensive care nursery as a small society: its contribution to the socialization and learning of the pediatric intern. PMID- 7208070 TI - The value of play therapy in hospital. PMID- 7208071 TI - Creative therapy for hospitalized children. PMID- 7208072 TI - Preparation for procedures and surgery through play. AB - The child life therapist utilizes play techniques with hospitalized children for preparation and integration before and after medical procedures and surgery. Unstructured and structured play sessions enable children to anticipate threatening events and mobilize their coping behaviors. Through manipulating appropriate play materials including miniature-size medical equipment, children communicate if facts of preparation have been understood, misinterpreted or denied. Concrete play experiences (e.g., doctor puppet play), enable children to understand hospital routines and sequences of events. Sensory experiences (e.g., needle play), help them dramatize situations and to adopt changes of role from passive to active ones. Opportunities for play after procedures (particularly intrusive ones) and surgery must be made available to clarify any misconceptions and to emphasize the nurturing and healing aspects of treatment. Psychological preparation for necessary procedures and surgery through play results in children enduring and cooperating more readily and have more trust in all medical personnel. PMID- 7208073 TI - Helping parents on the pediatric ward: a report on a survey of hospitals with 'Living-In' programs. AB - This study indicates that despite a growing concern for the psychosocial needs of pediatric patients, most 'living-in' programs do not optimize parental presence. The survey points to a need for continued education for professionals, for the general public, and for parents about to admit their children regarding the psychological and developmental needs of hospitalized. PMID- 7208074 TI - Play therapy in the pediatric out-patient department. PMID- 7208075 TI - Preschool and school programme in humanizing children's hospital stay. AB - Introducing the article, the author emphasizes the importance of preschool and school instruction of the hospitalized children. Although this education and instruction programme differs in many particularities from that in normal schools, it should adhere to the same principles regarding the content and organization of the educational process and promote collaboration between the teaching staff in regular schools and teachers in hospitals. "Play therapy' is only one of the aspects of this activity and it is our task as pediatricians to provide a satisfactory number of full-time preschool and school teachers on the ward. Good planning in this field is of utmost importance. Suitable facilities for playing and learning are necessary, as well as toys, books and other possibilities for handcraft skills. Appropriate staff rooms should be provided for the hospital teaching staff. Today, the idea of hospital education and instruction programme is accepted and teachers and preschool teachers already work in some pediatric hospitals. Our task is, however, that kindergarten and school find their place in each children's hospital. This should also be enacted by law. PMID- 7208076 TI - Illness and hospitalization in adolescence: a developmental perspective. PMID- 7208077 TI - The stereospecific effect of naloxone on rat dorsal horn neurones; inhibition in superficial laminae and excitation in deeper laminae. AB - The effect of systemic naloxone on the activity evoked by C-fibre stimulation in dorsal horn neurones of the rat spinal cord has been investigated. Recordings were made in unanaesthetized, decerebrate spinalized rats. Fifteen units were recorded from laminae 4 and 5 of the dorsal horn, 11 of these units were excited by naloxone (0.2--1.0 mg/kg). The onset of this excitation was after 20 sec to 5 min and recovery to control levels occurred within 15--40 min. Of 17 units recorded in substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horn, 13 were inhibited by the naloxone. The latency of onset of this inhibition was short (2--10 sec) and the effect persisted for 5--10 min. The effects were largely restricted to C-fibre evoked activity although sometimes A delta responses were similarly altered. Neurones stimulated by A beta-fibre threshold, or whose sole afferent input were A beta-fibres, were unaffected by the naloxone. The stereoisomer of naloxone, (+)naloxone which is inactive in opiate receptor binding tests, failed to produce the same changes found with (-)naloxone in 17 units. These results show a differential effect of naloxone on neurones in the dorsal horn which respond to C fibre input. Units in the substantia gelatinosa are inhibited while units in deeper laminae are excited by naloxone. These effects are likely to be mediated by the blockade of endogenous opioids in the spinal cord. PMID- 7208078 TI - Differential effects of systemic versus intracranial injection of opiates on central, orofacial and lower body nociception: somatotypy in bulbar analgesia systems. AB - 1 microgram morphine sulfate or 30 microgram [D-Ala2]-met-enkephalin microcannulated into the bulbar nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis and paragigantocellularis produced profound analgesia for orofacial thermal nociception, while having a smaller analgesic effect on tail-flick latency, and no effect on aversive stimulation thresholds in midbrain and in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (subnucleus caudalis). Systemic morphine (10 mg/kg) producing equivalently profound orofacial analgesia, profoundly affected tail-flick latency and trigeminal nuclear stimulation thresholds, while still failing to affect aversive midbrain stimulation threshold. PMID- 7208079 TI - Withdrawal reflex, skin resistance reaction and pain ratings due to electrical stimuli in man. AB - Simultaneous measurements of pain rating, withdrawal reflex, and skin resistance reaction with non-painful and painful electrical stimuli were performed on 15 healthy male volunteers. Eight different intensities were delivered in standardized randomized order. Each intensity appeared 10 times. There was no influence on the preceding stimulus on responses to the following stimulus. Neither skin resistance reaction nor withdrawal reflex were specific for pain in the sense that they appeared solely when pain was reported; the two reaction threshold currents were significantly smaller than the pain threshold. The reaction amplitudes, however, showed a close correlation to the intensity of sensation. The relations between all reactions measured and stimulus strength could be described best by power functions, with an exponent less than or equal to 1 if least square fits in linear scales were performed. Graphical evaluation in double logarithmic scales led to systematic errors causing higher exponents. Compound relations, like skin resistance reaction or withdrawal reflex amplitude as function of subjective estimation, could also be approximated by power functions, with parameters predictable from stimulus-reaction functions. No change in exponent was observed when subjective estimation turned from pre-pain to pain. PMID- 7208080 TI - Cryocautery of sensitized skin areas for the relief of pain due to post-herpetic neuralgia. AB - Fourteen patients whose post-herpetic neuralgia could not be alleviated by conventional methods were treated with cryocautery using a stick of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) applied directly to the hyperesthetic skin areas of the cutaneous scars. Follow-up evaluation revealed that 5 of 14 subjects maintained excellent pain relief and another 5 subjects showed good relief. Ten subjects discontinued further therapeutic procedures after cryocautery even though some low grade pain persisted. We believe that cryocautery of localized skin areas is a valuable method for treating patients with post-herpetic neuralgia who have not been improved by conventional methods. Disadvantages of this procedure are discussed. PMID- 7208081 TI - A validation model for verbal description scaling of human clinical pain. AB - Twenty-nine subjects used quantified verbal descriptors of sensory intensity (i.e., weak, mild, intense) or unpleasantness (i.e., annoying, unpleasant, distressing) to assess the intensity or unpleasantness of sensations evoked by painful electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp over a broad stimulus range, and by a natural thermal tooth pulp stimulus, cold spray applied to exposed dentin. In addition, subjects matched the intensity or unpleasantness of the sensations evoked by the natural stimulus to that of the electrical stimuli by both the Method of Limits and the Method of Constant Stimuli. Quantified verbal descriptor values of either the sensory intensity or unpleasantness of the electrical stimuli were linearly related to stimulus intensity on a log scale, indicating that the relationships can be described by power functions. The quantified verbal description of the natural thermal stimulus and the intensity of the electrical stimulus directly matched to the thermal stimulus determined the coordinates of the clinical stimulus data point. This point was close to the experimental stimulus power function, indicating that the verbal magnitude of the clinical stimulus is predicted by the verbal magnitude of the specific electrical stimulus intensity that was matched to the clinical stimulus. This consistency supports the validity of the use of quantified verbal descriptors for the assessment of both experimentally controlled noxious stimulation and uncontrolled clinical pain sensations. It also supports the validity of direct matches between clinical and experimental pain sensations and the unpleasantness of these sensations. This procedure provides a useful independent validational paradigm for clinical pain assessment. PMID- 7208082 TI - re: on the utility of signal detection theory pain measures. PMID- 7208083 TI - re: some further comments on the use of signal detection theory (SDT) in pain measurement. PMID- 7208084 TI - General methodology of clinical research. PMID- 7208085 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 7208086 TI - Arteritis. PMID- 7208087 TI - Atherosclerosis and thrombophilia. PMID- 7208088 TI - Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 7208089 TI - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) release from rat peritoneal cells, evidence for mastocyte-macrophage cooperation. PMID- 7208090 TI - Partial or complete regression of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome after bromocriptine-induced pregnancy. PMID- 7208091 TI - Notes on the use of thoracoscopy in the study of postpneumonectomy broncopleural fistulae. PMID- 7208092 TI - Dynamic lymphoscintigraphy with 99mTc (Re) sulfur colloid in pediatrics. PMID- 7208093 TI - A further contribution to the study of morpho-neurophysiopathological relations between the muscles of the face, in particular of the mouth, and other apparatus and systems. PMID- 7208094 TI - Hemorrhagic diathesis caused by factor X deficiency in a child with thymic cyst. PMID- 7208095 TI - Mixed adenoepidermoid carcinoma of the endometrium discovered by cytology: a case report. PMID- 7208096 TI - The interaction in vitro between bovine immunoglobulin and juvenile Fasciola hepatica. AB - Freshly excysted Fasciola hepatica possess an outer glycocalyx which stimulates an antibody response in cattle infected with F. hepatica metacercariae. Sera from animals receiving either a single or a double infection were examined for levels of IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 specific for the outer glycocalyx of intact live juvenile F. hepatica. High levels of specific IgG1 were found to predominate. Using positive sera in an indirect fluorescent antibody assay, the bovine immunoglobulins labelled the outer glycocalyx in a characteristic reticulated pattern. On incubation at 37 degrees C this pattern rapidly broke up into discrete clumps and progressed until the entire antibody-outer glycocalyx complex was shed. The shedding phenomenon was shown to be continuous and, by using preparations of Fab fragments, was not due to the bivalent binding of the sensitizing antibody. PMID- 7208097 TI - A model of schistosomiasis incorporating the searching capacity of the miracidium. AB - This paper describes a modification of the model for the transmission of schistosomiasis proposed by Macdonald (1965), which allows the snail host locating efficiency of the miracidium to be taken into account. The modified model allows for a choice of miracidia efficiency. If it is assumed that the miracidia are inefficient hunters than the resulting model is very sensitive to perturbations; relatively small changes in small numbers not only cause appreciable changes in the percentage of snails infected but resulted in attainment of the threshold (the point at which schistosomiasis ceases to be endemic). If, however, the miracidia are efficient snail hunters then the model is much less sensitive to perturbations; here the percentage of snails infected is much less affected by changing snail numbers, and the threshold is much more difficult to reach by reducing snail numbers. It is argued that, on the whole, the empirical data give more support to the latter model, although there are some circumstances under which the former model might apply. However, even with these modifications it is considered that the Macdonald model does not provide a satisfactory explantation of field observations. PMID- 7208098 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: an examination of the reproductive status of females from single sex infections. AB - The variation in the development of the reproductive system of female Schistosoma mansoni from single six infections is described. Vitelline cell development was assessed by staining for phenolic substances and the development of Mehlis' gland and the ovary by electron microscopy. Although there was considerable variation in the development of worms for individual mice harbouring infections of the same age, the men values indicated that there was a low level of differentiation and turnover of vitelline cells in worms 30-200 days post-infection. The proportion of females with possessed mature vitelline cells showed a general increase with age. The ovary was always in an immature stage but the development of Mehlis' gland showed some variation. The results suggest that the stimulus given by the male to the female is not necessarily to initiate development of the reproductive system but to increase the rate of development of the vitelline gland and to co ordinate the development of the entire reproductive system. PMID- 7208099 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: the sustentacular cells of the testes. AB - Studies on the multiple compact tests of Schistosoma mansoni have revealed 2 principle cell types: germinal and non-germinal cells. Two morphological forms representing different stages in the cytomorphosis of the sustentacular cells have been considered. The polymorphic sustentacular cells which are conspicuously stained with potassium permanganate contain abundant ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum, glycogen particles and ribosomal masses in comparison with the germinal component of the testes. Golgi complexes with associated secretory bodies and vacuoles are present in the cells. The cytoplasm of the sustentacular cells interdigitate between other cells in the testes. Based on their morphology, nutritive, supportive and phagocytic functions have been attributed to the sustentacular cells. The possible recycling of nutrients by the cells is discussed. It is suggested that the cell regulate the production of spermatozoa from a nutritive viewpoint and also that the translocation of nutrients from the parenchyma to the testes is facilitated by these cells whose cytoplasm extends directly adjacent to the basal lamina. PMID- 7208100 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of Eimeria maxima microgametogenesis. AB - The structure and development of microgametocytes pf Eimeria maxima from chicks killed during the 6th day of infection were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Initially, nucleoli disappear and the surface of the microgametocyte invaginates. This is followed by a condensation of the chromatin which then lies at the periphery of the nuclei. Concurrent with this, the flagella are formed and they project into the parasitophorous vacuole and internal invaginations. Eventually, the nuclei become more dense and are seen to protrude from the periphery of the gametocyte. The surface view of mature microgametocytes consists of a large number of closely packed flagella. PMID- 7208101 TI - Mites of the hedgehog Erinaceus albiventris Wagner in Kenya: observations on the prevalence and pathogenicity of Notoedres oudemansi Fain, Caparinia erinacei Fain and Rodentopus sciuri Fain. AB - The occurrence of 3 mites (Acari: Astigmata) is reported, from the Central African hedgehog Erinaceus albiventris Wagner, the the Nairobi area of Kenya. Notoedres oudemansi Fain (Sarcoptidae) showed sporadic incidence, infected males particularly and caused high mortality. A description of the male mite is given. Caparinia erinacei Fain (Psoroptidae) was found on 72% of animals on capture but showed very low pathogenicity. Rodentopus sciuri Fain (Hypoderidae) was found in the hair follicles of 46% of 43 animals examined; adverse effects were slight. PMID- 7208102 TI - Changes in the food intake and body weight of protein-malnourished rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda). AB - The daily food intake and related changes in body weight were measured in young rats which were fed on synthetic diets containing 1% (3 experiments), 2% (4 experiments) and 20% (1 experiment) casein respectively. Some rats were infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and allowed to feed ad libitum, some remained uninfected and were allowed to feed ad libitum, while others, which were matched by initial weight with rats from the infected group, remained uninfected and were given only the same amount of food as that consumed during the previous 24 h by their infected partners. No significant differences were detected between the rats before the start of the infection. Thereafter, the food intake of the infected undernourished rats was usually found to be significantly lower and the loss of body weight significantly greater than those of the uninfected rats. In infection periods of relatively long duration, the pair-fed uninfected rats did not lose as much weight as their infected partners even though their food intake (1% and 2% casein) was the same. Although the food intake, and consequently the weight, of infected rats fed on the diet containing 20% casein were significantly less than in their uninfected partners, no significant differences were observed between the weights of the infected and pair-fed rats fed on this diet. PMID- 7208103 TI - Reversibility of the effects of the host immune response on the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis in the mouse, following transplantation to a new host. AB - On day 10 of a primary infection of Trichinella spiralis in NIH mice, when adult worms were in the process of being expelled, their fecundity was markedly depressed. Upon transplantation to new host mice, the worms were able to establish successfully in their usual position in the anterior small intestine, even if originally recovered from the large intestine of mice expelling their worms, and these worms fully recovered their fecundity after 7 days in recipients. On day 5 of secondary and tertiary infections, immediately before loss of worms began, the adult worms were stunted and had a depressed fecundity. However, such worms, when transplanted, were able to establish in normal numbers and in a normal position in the intestine of recipient mice. Additionally, these worms were found to have developed a fecundity, and grown to a length, comparable to that of normal worms, but slightly less than that of control worms transplanted from day 7 of a primary infection, after 7 days in a new host. Electron microscopy showed that worms taken at the time of expulsion in primary and tertiary infections showed structural abnormalities, including large quantities of lipid in intestinal cells and somatic musculature and decreased quantities of stored glycogen. Upon transplantation to new host mice, these worms were found to have recovered a normal ultrastructural appearance within 7 days, although there was still evidence of a slightly elevated lipid and depressed glycogen content. It is concluded that immune expulsion of T. spiralis from mice does not involve irreversible damage to the worms. PMID- 7208104 TI - Localization, length and reproduction in single- and multiple-worm infections of Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda) in the chick. AB - Mono-metacercarial infections of Echinostoma revolutum in the domestic chick yielded 14- or 15-day-old worms that produced viable eggs, indicating that this species can self-fertilize under conditions which preclude cross-fertilization. In multiple infection studies, chicks were fed either 5 or 10 cysts and each infected chick contained 2-7 worms at necropsy 14 or 15 days later. Worms from multiple infections were mainly paired or clustered and they tended to locate more posteriorly in the intestine than single worms. Length measurements of single and multiple worms were similar. Both the number of eggs and the percentage of hatched eggs were considerably greater in multiple than in single infections. PMID- 7208105 TI - Cultivation of infective forms of Trypanosoma congolense from trypanosomes in the proboscis of Glossina morsitans. AB - Two stocks of Trypanosoma congolense were established in culture at 28 degrees C using trypanosomes from the proboscides of infective Glossina morsitans. Successful primary cultures were initiated by placing an infected tsetse proboscis beside a bovine dermal collagen explant in Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with foetal calf serum. The trypanosomes multiplied rapidly in the medium and also gradually formed an adherent layer o the plastic surface of the culture vessel. Three primary cultures produced organisms infective for mice from 14, 20 and 35 days after initiation and thereafter continuously until days 76, 76 and 52 when they were discarded. Four attempts to initiate infective cultures using infected tsetse proboscides in medium without dermal explants were unsuccessful. When trypanosomes from primary cultures were placed in culture medium with proboscides from uninfected tsetse flies, the parasites multiplied, formed an adherent layer in the culture flasks and were seen in the proboscides within 24 h. A line of 1 stock was serially sub-passaged in this way 4 times during a period of 215 days. Infectivity titrations in mice indicated that primary and sub-passaged cultures each contained similar numbers of infective organisms. Another line of the same stock was also sub-passaged 4 times in medium alone over a period of 186 days. These sub-cultures again retained infectivity for mice, but titrations showed a decrease in infective organism production in the 4th sub-culture. Primary and sub-passaged cultures all included a variety of morphologically different developmental forms of T. congolense, closely resembling those described in the labrum and hypopharynx of Glossina by previous workers. Short metacyclic-like trypanosomes and organisms with proteinaceous surface coats were present in infective cultures. Cultures were successfully re established after cryopreservation at -196 degrees C and retained the ability to produce infective organisms. PMID- 7208106 TI - Na+-K+ transport, motility and tegumental membrane potential in adult male Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Ouabain applied to adult male Schistosoma mansoni causes a large, non-reversible tension increase of the parasite's musculature and elimination of spontaneous contractions. The tension increase and the time-course of tension development caused by ouabain are dose dependent with significant effects obtained at 3 x 10( 6) M. Digoxin and digoxigenin act in a similar manner with a relative potency of ouabain approximately or equal to digoxin greater than digoxigenin. Lowered temperature as well as substitution of Li+ for Na+ increases muscle tension. The membrane potential recorded from the ventral tegument is also affected by treatments which interact with Na+-K+ transport systems. Ouabain (0.1 mM) causes a rapid depolarization without a significant effect on membrane resistance. The tegument is depolarized by temperature below 30 degrees C. The effect of temperature is readily reversible and the temperature sensitivity is eliminated by pretreatment with ouabain. Substitution of Li+ for Na+ also causes a depolarization of the tegument. Tracer experiments show both an increase in Na+ and a decrease in K+ in the parasite within 10 min after treatment with ouabain (1 x 10(-5) M). Decreasing temperature of the bathing medium also causes an accumulation of Na+ as well as a K+ decrease in the animals. The above results indicate a significant role for active Na+-K+ transport in muscle contraction and in maintenance of the tegumental membrane potential. The data also suggest that the Na+-K+ transport in S. mansoni may be electrogenic. PMID- 7208107 TI - [Humanism as a theoretical principle of medical research]. PMID- 7208108 TI - [Neurophysiologic mechanisms of certain pathologic forms of respiration]. PMID- 7208109 TI - [Specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors of the rat liver in immobilization stress]. PMID- 7208111 TI - [Lenin's philosophical heritage and certain methodologic problems in the theory of pathology (on the 100th anniversary of the birth of V. I. Lenin)]. PMID- 7208110 TI - [Effectiveness of cimetidine in preventing gastric stress ulcers]. PMID- 7208112 TI - [Activity of cardiovascular neurons of the medulla oblongata in ischemic fibrillation of the myocardium]. PMID- 7208113 TI - [Certain aspects of the pathogenesis of experimental acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7208114 TI - [Effect of oxygenoperitoneum on experimental chronic liver failure]. PMID- 7208115 TI - [Mechanism of anti-ischemic kidney protection by preparations of different pharmacologic groups]. PMID- 7208116 TI - [Effect of leukopoietic serum on the functional activity of macrophages]. PMID- 7208118 TI - [Potentiation of the effect of erythropoietin by erythrocyte factors]. PMID- 7208117 TI - [Participation of cholinergic factors in hematopoietic processes]. PMID- 7208119 TI - [Lysosomal enzyme activity in the cerebral cortex in the post-resuscitation period]. PMID- 7208120 TI - [Morphofunctional state of the contralateral kidney in unilateral pelvic calculus]. PMID- 7208121 TI - [Blood coagulation status in rats following thymectomy]. PMID- 7208122 TI - [Some methodologic remarks concerning the study of regional circulation amd microcirculation]. PMID- 7208123 TI - [Method of recording urine drops in cats]. PMID- 7208124 TI - Conditional mechanisms of decision making. PMID- 7208125 TI - Self-stimulation by DC current as a model of motivated behavior. PMID- 7208126 TI - New perspectives in temperament/personality research: the "behavioral" model of the Warsaw group. PMID- 7208127 TI - The role of muscle tension in "repression". PMID- 7208128 TI - Conditioned and unconditional components of post-shock freezing. PMID- 7208129 TI - An animal model of the hyperactive-child syndrome suitable for the study of the effects of food additives. PMID- 7208130 TI - Conditional catecholamine changes in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7208131 TI - The nephrotic syndrome in children. PMID- 7208132 TI - Pharmacologic considerations in the therapy of neonatal apnea. AB - Theophylline and caffeine are both effective stimulants of the central nervous system for the therapy of neonatal apnea. Both drugs are slowly eliminated from the body, and doses should be adjusted to account for this slow elimination. Interconversion of theophylline and caffeine occurs in the newborn infant, with the methylation of theophylline to caffeine as the probable predominant pathway. Caffeine may offer advantages over theophylline: wider therapeutic index, case of administration, less need for therapeutic drug monitoring, less fluctuation in plasma concentrations, and fewer peripheral effects. A major disadvantage of caffeine is in the lack of a readily available commercial preparation. Both drugs exert many pharmacologic actions that require further evaluation in the newborn infant. Long-term effects of these drugs administered during a critical period in the developing human remains an area of concern. PMID- 7208133 TI - Pharmacologic approach to the management of childhood hypertension. PMID- 7208134 TI - Pharmacotherapy of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Salicylate is the drug of first choice in the initial treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In therapeutic dosage it will adequately control joint symptoms in the majority of patients. For children who do not respond to or are intolerant of salicylate, a change to one of the other nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents is appropriate. In progressive polyarthritis unresponsive to the above agents, the addition of gold, antimalarials, or penicillamine is indicated, preferably in that order. Corticosteroid therapy should be reserved for selected patients meeting specific criteria. Pharmacotherapy of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis should always be individualized. For optimal treatment of the whole child it must be combined with both physical and educational measures. PMID- 7208135 TI - Pediatric clinical pharmacology of digoxin. PMID- 7208136 TI - Diuretic pharmacology in infants and children. PMID- 7208137 TI - Intravenous administration of medication in pediatric patients: problems and solutions. PMID- 7208138 TI - Basic concepts of maternal-fetal amniotic fluid exchange: their relevance to fetal therapeutics. PMID- 7208139 TI - The clinical interpretation and application of drug concentration data. PMID- 7208140 TI - Medication compliance. PMID- 7208141 TI - Pharmacologic advances in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. PMID- 7208142 TI - Context and priorities for paediatric research in the eighties. PMID- 7208143 TI - Setting priorities in pediatric research: who is responsible? PMID- 7208144 TI - The ontogeny of thymidine kinase in tissues of man and rat. AB - Thymidine kinase activities, virtually all soluble in rat lung, liver, and small intestine, decreased abruptly late in gestation or immediately after birth. An injection of thyroxine delayed the fetal but not the neonatal changes in liver activity. An injection of cortisol decreased hepatic and pulmonary thymidine kinase activities in both fetal and neonatal rats but had little effect on the intestinal enzyme. Premature extrauterinization led to an earlier occurrence of the quantitative changes in thymidine kinase activity usually seen at term. Birth associated changes included a rapid transitory increase in the hepatic enzyme and the virtual loss of intestinal thymidine kinase activity. In human tissues, the soluble thymidine kinase in liver remained high between the 11th and 22nd wk of gestation whereas the particulte enzyme, the predominant form in adult liver, rose in the second half of gestation and reached adult levels at birth. In human lung, the soluble enzyme started to decrease by the 16th gestational wk, whereas the particulate thymidine kinase reached the higher adult levels late in gestation. Thymidine kinase in adult human tissues was predominantly particulate. PMID- 7208145 TI - Hemodynamic effects of pulmonary arterial infusion of vasodilators in newborn lambs. AB - Pulmonary arterial infusion of prostaglandin E2 (mean dose, 1 microgram/kg/min) in term neonatal lambs ventilated with room air resulted in a slight fall in pulmonary arterial pressure (P less than 0.05). Infusion during ventilation with low oxygen mixtures resulted in a parallel fall in pulmonary and arterial pressures and resistances. Intrapulmonary infusion of acetylcholine (mean dose, 3.9 microgram/kg/min) in lambs during ventilation with room air caused a slight fall in mean systemic arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. When repeated with low oxygen ventilation, infusion of acetylcholine caused a parallel fall in both pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures and resistances. Infusion of tolazoline at a mean dose of 0.21 mg/kg/min did not change pulmonary or systemic arterial pressures or resistances when the lambs were ventilated with room air or with hypoxic gas mixtures although individual animals experienced marked falls in systemic arterial pressure. Pulmonary arterial infusion of each of the three vasodilators during hypoxic ventilation resulted in potentially adverse hemodynamic effects. This occurred despite prior ductal ligation, implying that doses effective for pulmonary vasodilation may exceed doses without systemic effects particularly in the acute hypoxic state. PMID- 7208146 TI - Plasma alpha-ketoglutarate in urea cycle enzymopathies and its role as a harbinger of hyperammonemic coma. AB - Metabolic observations during early stages of hyperammonemia in two infants with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency suggest that plasma alpha-ketoglutarate concentration ([alpha-KG]) becomes subnormal before the development of hyperammonemic coma. In one case, plasma [NH4+] remained normal until 40 days of age when it rose to 58 microM. However, this hyperammonemia was preceded by a fall in plasma [alpha-KG] to 15 microM at 27 days of age. It was only after severe hyperammonemia was established at 50 days of age that coma supervened. In the second case, plasma [alpha-KG] became subnormal (14 microM) 8 days before the rise in plasma ammonium concentration [NH4+] (52 microM) and 14 days before the onset of hyperammonemic coma. In eight patients with urea cycle enzymopathies, there was a highly significant (P less than 0.01) negative linear correlation between [NH4+] and [alpha-KG]. In patients with portal-systemic encephalopathy, there was a similar relationship between [NH4+] and [alpha-KG], although the absolute [alpha-KG] levels in these patients were normal (23 +/- 4 microM) while the patients were hyperammonemic (88 +/- 25 microM). PMID- 7208147 TI - Glucose perturbation in experimental hyperviscosity. AB - Hyperviscosity was produced in one member of each of 7 sets of twin newborn lambs by an exchange transfusion with 500 ml maternal packed red blood cells. The remaining seven control twin lambs underwent an identical exchange with maternal whole blood. Postexchange hematocrits were 63 +/- 6 and 29.0 +/- 3% (mean +/- S.E.), respectively (P less than 0.01). Whole blood viscosity measured at 3 rpm increased from 3.2 +/- 0.4 centipoise (cps) to 14.4 +/- 6.1 cps in the lambs made hyperviscous (P less than 0.01) and remained unchanged in the control lambs (2.2 +/- 0.1 versus 2.8 +/- 0.3 cps). A 2-hr steady state glucose infusion was performed on each lamb before and after the packed cell or whole blood exchange transfusion. Mean steady state plasma glucose concentrations were significantly decreased from pre-exchange steady state glucose infusion levels in the same lambs made hyperviscous (P less than 0.05), whereas steady state glucose levels increased from preexchange levels in the twin lambs exchanges with maternal whole blood. Mean plasma insulin and glucagon values for the hyperviscous and control lambs remained unchanged during the glucose infusion. PMID- 7208149 TI - Pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by distention of the main pulmonary artery in conscious newborn, young, and adult sheep. AB - Distention of the main pulmonary artery by balloon inflation in sheep results in presumably reflex elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance distal to the balloon. This response to main pulmonary artery distention is significantly greater in newborn lambs than in older lambs or adult sheep. In several of the newborn lambs, pulmonary artery pressure was raised to suprasystemic levels. Further, in some of the newborn animals, these increases in pulmonary artery pressure and resistance were sustained after deflation of teh balloon for periods up to 2 hr. The functional significance of this pulmonary hypertension reflex was not elucidated. However, the data strongly suggest that this reflex may contribute to the maintenance of high pulmonary vascular resistance during fetal and early neonatal life. PMID- 7208148 TI - Blood volume and hematocrit in various organs in newborn piglets. AB - Plasma volume and red cell mass of various organs in piglets aged 24 hr (n = 7) and 7 (n = 6), and 14 (n = 6) days were measured using 99mTc-labeled albumin and 51Cr-labeled red blood cells. Organ activities were counted in a whole-body counter. Blood volume and hematocrit were calculated. The blood volumes in microliters/g varied markedly between various organs. The lowest blood volumes at 24 hr of age were found in skin (21.9 +/- 5.0 microliter/g), brain (33.3 +/- 8.4), and skeletal muscle (35.5 +/- 7.4). The highest values at this age were noted in liver (670.0 +/- 89.1), lung (533.8 +/- 80.7), spleen (332.0 +/- 82.8), and kidney (300.6 +/- 55.5). Blood volumes of about 150 microliters/g were observed in heart muscle and thyroid gland and those of about 100 microliters/g in thymus and gastrointestinal tract. The total blood volume was 100.2 +/- 3.9 microliters/g at 24 hr and remained unchanged during the first 2 wk of life. A significant decrease in relative blood volume with growth was noted in liver and lung (P less than 0.01), and in skeleton (P less than 0.05). The blood volume, contained in the great vessels outside the organs, increased from 29.5 +/- 5.5% of total blood volume at 24 hr to 31.2 +/- 5.7% at 7 days and to 38.2 +/- 7.5% at 14 days of life. The total body-venous hematocrit ratio was about 0.84. Accordingly, tissue hematocrits of most organs were below the venous hematocrit. Only in spleen was the tissue/venous hematocrit ratio (TH/VH) higher than 1.0. TH/VH of brain, gastrointestinal tract, thyroid gland, and thymus approached unity. The lowest TH/VH was found in kidney (0.54 +/- 0.08 at day 1). In skin, the TH/VH decreased from 0.98 +/- 0.10 to 0.82 +/- 0.07 during the first 2 wk of life. PMID- 7208150 TI - Glutaric aciduria type II: in vitro studies on substrate oxidation, acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, and electron-transferring flavoprotein in cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - The previous biochemical evidence had suggested that glutaric aciduria type II (GA II) is due to deficient dehydrogenation of multiple short-chain acyl coenzyme A's (CoA's), bu the precise biochemical mechanism underlying this disease was unknown. We investigated substrate oxidation and in vitro activities of isovaleryl CoA- and butyryl CoA dehydrogenases as well as that of electron transferring flavoprotein (ETF) in cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient with GA II. GA II cells have a markedly decreased ability to oxidize [1-14C]butyrate, [2-14C]lysine, and [2,14C]leucine (3, 9, and 9% of control values, respectively). Mitochondrial isovaleryl CoA- and butyryl CoA dehydrogenase activities in GA II cells were determined using a tritium release assay with [2,3-3H] acyl-CoA's as substrate. When an artificial electron acceptor, phenazine methosulfate (PMS) was not added in the assay media, these activities were 108 and 113% of controls, respectively. This represents the normal abilities of the dehydrogenases in GA II cells to bind the substrate and to catalyze tritium exchange between the bound substrate and solvent. When PMS was added to the assay mixture, these activities were 88 and 70% of control values, respectively, indicating that these enzymes can both dehydrogenate their substrates normally and then transfer electrons to an acceptor (PMS). ETF activity in mitochondrial sonic supernatants from GA II cells, as assessed by a newly devised method, was 159% of control values. These observations suggest that the acyl CoA dehydrogenases themselves and ETF are not defective in GA II. Therefore, the deficiency of another common gene product necessary for the function of all the affected acyl CoA dehydrogenases must be sought to explain the etiology of GA II. PMID- 7208151 TI - The effect of intestinal solute load on water secretion in infants with acquired monosaccharide intolerance. AB - The osmotic effect of unabsorbed glucose on intestinal secretion of water and electrolytes was investigated by jejunal perfusion in eight infants ranging from 2 to 17 months of age. All infants had or were recovering from acquired monosaccharide intolerance. Isocaloric solutions of glucose and glucose polymer containing 1% polyethylene glycol as a nonabsorbable marker were tested. The osmolalities of the glucose polymer solutions were 1/3 to 1/6 that of the glucose. No major differences were noted in carbohydrate absorption whereas mean water flux changed from secretion of 0.37 ml/min to absorption of 0.023 ml/min when glucose was replaced by glucose polymer. Sodium and potassium flux followed the same pattern. The results of this study indicate that the increased intestinal secretion in acquired monosaccharide intolerance may be a function of osmolar load in the presence of a reduced absorptive capacity. PMID- 7208152 TI - Sulfatase activity of keratinizing tissues in X-linked ichthyosis. AB - Arylsulfatases A and B were measured in the stratum corneum of four normal controls and two individuals with sex-linked ichthyosis. For arylsulfatase A, the mean delta optical density/hr/mg protein value was 1.6 for controls and 2.0 for patients, whereas for arylsulfatase B values of 1.5 for controls and 1.4 for patients were observed. Assay of arylsulfatase C in the callus of four normal controls showed a mean delta optical density/hr/100 mg callus of 0.63, whereas no or trace activity was detected in callus from four patients with x-linked ichthyosis. The assay of steroid sulfatase is best for studying microsomal sulfatase activity. Table 1 shows the activity of this enzyme in nails, callus, and hair bulbs from controls and patients with x-linked ichthyosis. No steroid sulfatase could be demonstrated in patients with x-linked ichthyosis. The values in normal controls and obligate heterozygotes are compared in Table 2. The mean value of the two groups is statistically different with P less than or equal to 0.05 using the Student t test. PMID- 7208153 TI - Gastric emptying and lingual lipase activity in cystic fibrosis. AB - To identify gastric factors likely to contribute to fat maldigestion and malabsorption in cystic fibrosis (CF), gastric emptying time, secretion rate, and preduodenal lipolytic activity were studied. Gastric emptying of a liquid test meal and gastric acid secretion were determined in five CF teenagers with pancreatic insufficiency and in five healthy controls. During the first hr, the rate of gastric emptying exhibited a linear pattern in both CF patients and controls. Neither the emptying time nor the gastric secretion rate was different. Lingual lipase activity was measured in eight other CF patients with pancreatic insufficiency and in eight controls. Lipase activity was higher (P less than 0.05) in CF patients than in controls with values (mean +/- S.E.) of 34.48 +/- 11.59 and 12.65 +/- 5.60 mumole butyric acid min-1 ml-1, respectively. No correlation with age or body surface was observed. Intragastric lipolysis of a butterfat triglyceride test meal was fast in both groups, but more extensive (P less than 0.05) in CF patients than in controls. The data show that in CF with pancreatic insufficiency, gastric factors contributing to the first step of fat digestion are preserved. In fact, lingual lipase activity was found to be increased, and a more complete intragastric lipolysis was documented. PMID- 7208154 TI - Phototherapy-induced covalent binding of bilirubin to serum albumin. AB - Bilirubin displays a detectable fluorescence emission only when it is complexed with serum albumin, whereas free bilirubin has a very low fluorescence yield. Actually, nearly complete disappearance of bilirubin emission was obtained when the unirradiated human serum albumin-bilirubin complex was precipitated with acetone to extract the pigment; complete removal of protein-bound bilirubin (as monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy) was achieved by repeating the acetone extraction after incubation of the complex in the phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, containing 7 M guanidinium chloride; the latter compound causes on extensive unfolding of protein molecules. On the other hand, in the case of irradiated solutions, even after denaturation of the protein with 7 M guanidinium chloride, a detectable amount of bilirubin-type fluorescent material was found to be associated with albumin. This finding clearly shows that bilirubin and/or some photoproduct underwent in part a photoinduced covalent binding with human serum albumin. Fragmentation of the bovine albumin polypeptide chain according to the procedure detailed in the experimental section yielded only one peptide containing material fluorescent in the 530 nm region. This fact underlines the selective nature of the photobinding reaction. The amino acid composition of the isolated peptide is shown in Table 2; the composition is closely similar with that found for peptide 187-397 of native bovine serum albumin. In the case of the jaundiced babies who were subjected to phototherapy, we were able to demonstrate that only after 7 to 9 hr of exposure to light a detectable amount of bilirubin type fluorescent material was present even at the end of the serum treatment with acetone and guanidinium chloride (see Fig. 1; Table 1). Fractional precipitation of the serum proteins by addition of controlled amounts of ammonium sulphate showed that the fluorescent material was present only in the albumin fraction. The photoadduct disappeared about 15 to 20 days after the phototherapy had been discontinued. This period of time represents the natural turnover period of human serum albumin. PMID- 7208155 TI - Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) in white blood cells. AB - A radiochemical assay method of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) was developed using labeled carbamyl phosphate as a substrate. The enzyme activities determined by this method in peripheral white blood cells from ten normal subjects were 1.32 +/- 0.95 nmoles/mg/hr and the apparent Km's, when assayed at pH 8.5, were 6.4 mM for ornithine and 0.6 mM for carbamyl phosphate. On the contrary, the apparent Km's of human liver OTC were 0.6 mM for ornithine and 0.12 mM for carbamyl phosphate. The average OTC activity of granulocytes was 1.0 nmoles/mg/hr, whereas that of mononuclear cells was 0.4 mmoles/mg/hr. Lymphoid cell lines were established from three normal subjects and an OTC-deficient infant. All these cell lines demonstrated no OTC activity. When arginine was removed from the medium and replaced by ornithine, the lymphoid cells were unable to grow in culture. On autoradiography, the lymphoid cells showed labelling at incubation in the presence of 14C-citrulline, but not with 14C-ornithine. PMID- 7208156 TI - Peripheral blood flow in the neonate; 1. Changes in total, skin, and muscle blood flow with gestational and postnatal age. AB - Total peripheral blood flow and blood flow through the skin and muscle were measured in the calf with an electrocapacitance plethysmograph with counter pressure in a group of 62 "well" newborn infants (birth weight, less than 3500 g). Blood pressure in the contralateral leg was measured with an Arteriosonde 1010, and peripheral vascular resistance was calculated as mean blood pressure (mm Hg) divided by blood flow (ml per 100 ml tissue per min). The results show that total peripheral blood flow and blood flow through he skin and muscle correlated inversely with increasing birth weight and gestational age. Postnatally, total blood flow and blood flow through the skin and muscle decreased gradually during the first 7 days of life and in the rest of the neonatal period. Peripheral vascular resistance and resistance in the skin and muscle correlated directly with increasing birth weight and gestational age. Postnatally, peripheral vascular resistance and resistance in the skin and muscle increased during the first 7 days of life and the neonatal period. PMID- 7208157 TI - Lingual lipase: an important lipase in the digestion of dietary lipids in cystic fibrosis? AB - A convenient lipase assay that discriminates between pancreatic and lingual lipase activities was developed to describe some properties of the triglyceride hydrolyzing activities of lingual lipase (from von Ebners glands) and pancreatic lipase. Secretion of lingual lipase is stimulated by feeding. Gastric contents collected postyprandially from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) contained lipase activity which is probably secreted from pharyngeal tissues. Also, duodenal contents from CF patients contained lipase activity with properties very close to those found in gastric contents from CF patients and controls. Apparently, the serous glands responsible for the secretion of lingual lipase is less affected than the exocrine pancrease in this disease. During fat balance experiments, CF patients utilized around 40% of the dietary lipids and more than 50% of milk lipids given as a test meal were hydrolyzed in the duodenum within 2 hr. In these patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency, we suggest that the lingual lipase is responsible for a considerable proportion of triglyceride hydrolysis. This hydrolysis starts in the stomach and continues in duodenum. PMID- 7208159 TI - Body posture and breathing frequency in newborn mammals. AB - The effects of changing body posture on breathing frequency (f) of anesthetized newborn rats, rabbits, and dogs have been studied. No significant changes were observed between horizontal postures (supine, prone, left, and right lateral). In the vertical head-down position, most of the animals did not show any significant variation of f. Breathing rate dropped significantly in the head-up position, and in all the animals, it was still below the horizontal value 1 min after the vertical head-up tilting. After bilateral vagotomy, no significant change with body posture occurred. In unanesthetized newborns, the +45 degree head-up tilting only occasionally caused a drop of f and to a lesser extent than after anesthesia. By comparing these results with those reported in adults, it is concluded that the postural effects of f are less evident in the newborn than in the adult. Even if a quantitative difference in the mechanical events after the change in body posture is the most likely explanation of the lower sensitivity of the newborn, other nonmechanical factors could also be involved. PMID- 7208158 TI - Cystic fibrosis factors: effect of serum on the secretory response of dispersed rat submandibular cells. AB - The action of serum from cystic fibrosis patients on the intracellular maintenance, efflux, and uptake of potassium ions in dispersed acinar cells from the rat submandibular gland, a seromucous salivary gland, was investigated in an attempt to demonstrate the presence of factors affecting ion-coupled secretion. No effects specific to cystic fibrosis serum were demonstrated upon the following parameters of potassium transport: (1) maximal stimulation of K+ efflux by the cholinergic agonists carbamylcholine; (2) the dose-response curve of K+ efflux in response to carbamylcholine; (3) re-entry of K+ into cells after carbamylcholine stimulation; (4) the maintenance of K+ in the absence of added effectors. No differences were observed between cells pretreated with serum and cells to which serum was added at the time of cholinergic stimulation of secretion. At high concentrations, serum from both normal individuals and those with cystic fibrosis severely damaged the cells in a rapid and irreversible fashion. K+ transport has a direct, closely coupled, specific relationship to secretory activity and is Ca++ dependent in this system. From these observations, we conclude that serum from individuals with cystic fibrosis does not contain chemical compounds which specifically alter the major components of ion-coupling to secretion or the secretory process itself in salivary gland acinar cells. PMID- 7208161 TI - Patients and populations: necessary links between the two approaches to pediatric research. PMID- 7208160 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria in disorders in ornithine metabolism. PMID- 7208162 TI - Developmental aspects of renal beta-amino acid transport. III. Ontogeny of transport in isolated renal tubule segments. AB - Isolated renal tubules were prepared from newborn and adult Sprague-Dawley rats. They were used to study the uptake and accumulation of the beta-amino acid, taurine, by renal epithelium. Initial rate as well as steady-state kinetics were studied. Initial rate studies revealed heterogeneity of uptake in newborn and adult tubules. Slower uptake was present in the newborn in the low-affinity system. Slowed efflux was found in neonatal tissue. Newborn tubules in contrast to adult tubules demonstrated uptake under anaerobic conditions. Adult and newborn tissues showed decreased uptake of taurine when incubated with beta alanine. Physiologic taurinuria, be it in the rat or man, may be due to less rapid initial uptake and/or efflux from ren in neonatal tissue. Newborn tubules in contrast to adult tubules demonstrated uptake under anaerobic conditions. Adult and newborn tissues showed decreased uptake of taurine when incubated with beta-alanine. Physiologic taurinuria, be it in the rat or man, may be due to less rapid initial uptake and/or efflux from ren in neonatal tissue. Newborn tubules in contrast to adult tubules demonstrated uptake under anaerobic conditions. Adult and newborn tissues showed decreased uptake of taurine when incubated with beta-alanine. Physiologic taurinuria, be it in the rat or man, may be due to less rapid initial uptake and/or efflux from renal epithelium. PMID- 7208163 TI - Constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus by glucocorticoid hormones. AB - Hydrocortisone, prednisolone, and betamethasone were injected into a rat that was 21 days pregnant, and the fetal ductus arteriosus was studied using the rapid whole-body freezing technique. All these glucocorticoids constricted the fetal ductus arteriosus in a dose-dependent relationship. Fetal ductal constriction was maximum 1 to 4 hr after injection and was significantly more prominent in premature fetuses than in mature ones. PMID- 7208164 TI - Measurement of work of breathing in infancy. AB - Assessment of lung function in young children is extremely difficult unless sedation is given. If tidal exchange and intrathoracic pressure swings can be recorded, the severity of the respiratory problem can be measured by construction pressure-volume loops and calculating the work of breathing. The system we have used to measure tidal thoracic volumes is that of a soft, rubber, inflatable jacket with pressure-volume characteristics linear from inflation pressure of 2.5 to 7 cm H2O. Oesophageal (intrathoracic) pressures are measured using water filled nasogastric tubes (FG6). Frequency responses showed that 63% rise times for the jacket and water-filled nasogastric tube assessed together to be 10.5 msec. Recordings were traced onto a computer digitizing tablet and print-outs were obtained with the following information: respiratory rate, tidal thoracic volume, minute thoracic volume, oesophageal pressure, resistive work per min, elastic work per min, and total work per min. Comparisons were made between volumes measured using the respiratory jacket (VJ) and by pneumotachograph and integrator (VInt) in six infants. Hysteresis arising from the jacket produces some change in resistive work of breathing, but the total work of breathing is only increased by a maximum of 10.5%. Studies on healthy newborn babies showed that the jacket system tends to underrecord the resistive work of breathing, but that total work of breathing values are very similar. Reproducibility of analysis showed the following coefficients of variation from the mean: tidal thoracic volume, 1.6%; minute thoracic volume, 1.7%; resistive work, 5%; elastic work, 2%; and total work, 2.5%. The extent of breath-to-breath variation is much larger. This system makes it possible to obtain serial measurements of work of breathing without the need for sedation in infants who may be acutely ill and in respiratory failure. PMID- 7208165 TI - Comparison of hypoxanthine, lactate, and ECG signs as indicators of hypoxia. AB - High altitude-induced hypoxemia in 26 young adults was used to compared hypoxia parameters such as blood lactate, hypoxia-induced electrocardiogram signs, and the recently proposed plasma hypoxanthine concentration. At a PaO2 of 30 mm Hg, no elevation in hypoxanthine and small increase in lactate was observed. Minimal leg exercise was added to further increase hypoxic during hypoxemia. A significant increase in lactate and considerable ST-T depression in electrocardiogram indicated hypoxia, but no change in plasma hypoxanthine was found. Work-dependent hyperventilation as a main cause of lactate elevation was excluded. Blockade of hypoxanthine breakdown by allopurinol in vivo increased plasma hypoxanthine levels, but hypoxemia with or without leg exercise failed to consistently increase this level further. Elevations of blood lactate above the normal range were found at a PaO2 of 30 mm Hg and below. PMID- 7208166 TI - Red cell metabolic alterations in postnatal life in term infants: glycolytic intermediates and adenosine triphosphate. AB - Red cell glycolytic intermediates and adenosinetriphosphate were evaluated in term infants from birth to on year of age and compared to values obtained from normal adults and subjects wit a population of a similar mean cell age. The concentration of glycolytic intermediates, with the exception of phosphoenolypyruvate were elevated at birth when compared to normal subjects, consistent with a young mean red cell population. The mean levels of red cell glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, and "total triose phosphate" were elevated on days 1 and 4 of life when compared to both red cells from normal adults and subjects with a similar young mean red cell age. Glucose-6-phosphate steadily increased in concentration, peaked at 3 to 4 wk of age, and then progressively decreased in value. Total triose phosphate declined to a mildly elevated concentration by 3 to 4 wk of age. The mean concentrations of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and adenosine triphosphate were normal on day 1, increased on day 4, and then declined by 3 to 4 wk to normal values, until 5 to 6 months when both increased. The mean phosphoenolpyruvate concentration was decreased on day 1 of age when compared to red cells of a similar mean age, but this decrease was not significant (P greater than 0.05). The mean concentrations of 3 phosphoglycerate increased at 3 to 4 wk of age and remained elevated for cell age at 11 to 12 months but this increase was no statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). 3-Phosphoglycerate levels did not change significantly throughout the first year of life. At one year of age, all red glycolytic intermediates and adenosine triphosphate were elevated when compared to red cells from normal adults, but were comparable to those observed in subjects with a red cell population of a similar mean cell age, consistent with the persistence of a young red cell population throughout the first year of life. PMID- 7208167 TI - Procoagulant activity of human mononuclear leukocytes: dissociation of the effect of mitogens on procoagulant activity and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The role of mononuclear cells in generating procoagulant activity was examined by incubating Ficoll-Hypaque-separated mononuclear leukocytes with or without mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin A). The procoagulant activity was assayed by a modification of a one-stage plasma recalcification time. Significant procoagulant activity developed after 24 hr incubation and was dose dependent; mitogens alone had no effect on the clotting time. The increase in activity was paralleled by the increase in tritiated thymidine incorporation into replication DNA. However, mitomycin C had little inhibitory effect on the development of procoagulant activity, whereas thymidine incorporation was inhibited. The major procoagulant activity was associated with intact cells and not the conditioned supernatant. The removal of adherent mononuclear cells (mostly monocytes) by polystyrene bead columns abolished the procoagulant activity, whereas purification of mononuclear leukocyte populations for monocytes markedly increased the activity as compared to purified lymphocytes. The procoagulant activity was shown to act by the extrinsic limb of the coagulation sequence because of substitution factor VII-deficient plasma for normal plasma resulted in marked depression of procoagulant activity, whereas factor VIII-deficient plasma resulted in a clotting time only minimally longer then normal plasma. Thus, although procoagulant activity in cultures of mononuclear cells is stimulated by the mitogen reagent, these studies suggest that the activity may not be the result of the mitogenic effect on lymphocytes per se. Whether it is a direct effect of the mitogen on the adherent cell or is an effect of a contaminant of the mitogen reagent, such as endotoxin, remains to be determined. PMID- 7208168 TI - Indolent neutrophil response to endotoxin in newborn rats. AB - The blood neutrophil response to endotoxin challenge was determined in one-day old and young adult rats to test the hypothesis that the neonate is unable to mobilize neutrophils from bone marrow to the peripheral circulation at a rate similar to adults. Adult animals responded to endotoxin with a brief neutropenia followed rapidly by marked neutrophilia. The maximum adult neutrophil count occurred at 11 hr after challenge and returned to baseline values by 28 hr. In contrast, one-day-old rats showed a prolonged neutropenia after a comparable injection. Peak neutrophil counts in neonates occurred later than those seen in adults (16 versus 11 hr) and were also lower. However, neutrophilia, once established in the neonates, persisted considerably longer than in adults. The age at which the adult response to endotoxin is achieved was assessed by bleeding animals of increasing ages 7 hr after endotoxin challenge. A gradual progression toward the adult neutrophil response began at 2 wk of age. The mose rapid change in endotoxin responsiveness occurred after 6 wk of age. PMID- 7208169 TI - Action of human growth hormone (hGH) on extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in children with hypopituitarism. AB - To study the action of human growth hormone (hGH) on peripheral metabolism of serum thyroxine (T4), an oral loading dose of levothyroxine (1.2 mg/m2) was administered to seven children with hypopituitarism before initiation of hGH therapy. Serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), T4, reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) capacity were measured sequentially for 6 days. The study was repeated after 4 wk of treatment with hGH. Serum concentrations of T4 were not affected by hGH therapy. In contrast, mean basal serum concentration of T3 increased significantly after treatment with hGH. Also, changes in serum concentrations of T3 and in the ratio of T3/T4 after an oral dose of levothyroxine were significantly augmented during hGH therapy. Serum concentrations of rT3 changed in the opposite direction of T3 during therapy. After treatment with hGH, the mean basal level of serum rT3 decreased, and increases in serum concentrations of rT3 after oral levothyroxine were significantly attenuated. No changes in mean serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and TBG capacity were observed. These data suggest that administration of hGH to children with hypopituitarism enhances the extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 and concomitantly decreases the serum concentration of rT3. PMID- 7208170 TI - Hyperalphalipoproteinemia, birth to age to years. AB - Interrelationships of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL) with total plasma cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as longitudinal maintenance of C-HDL rank order (tracking) from birth to age 2 years were assessed in 76 hypercholesterolemic neonates (cord blood, TC greater than 95 mg/dl) with focus upon 34 hyperalphalipoproteinemic neonates who had cord blood C-HDL greater than 61 mg/dl, greater than or equal to the 99th percentile. Cord blood C-HDL correlated closely (P less than 0.01) with C-HDL at 6, 12, and 18 to 24 months (r = 0.32, 0.49, and 0.39, respectively). C-HDL levels at 12 months and 18 to 24 months were closely associated (r = 0.68 and P less than 0.01). C-HDL at birth, 6, and 12 months correlated positively (P less than 0.01) with TC levels (r = 0.28, 0.30, and 0.36, respectively). Conversely, C-HDL at birth, 6 and 12 months correlated inversely with TG (P less than 0.01) (r = 0.41, -0.40, and -0.49, respectively). At birth and at 18 to 24 months, C-HDL correlated inversely (P less than 0.05) with C-LDL (r = -0.36 and -0.31, respectively). Of neonates having cord blood C-HDL in the highest quartile, 38, 56, and 60%, respectively at ages 6, 12, and 18 to 24 months retained C-HDL levels in the highest quartile; 56, 75, and 70%, respectively, retained C-HDL levels greater than the 50th percentile. Of 13 neonates having the highest initial cord blood C-HDL levels, cord blood C-HDL greater than or equal to 69 mg/dl, nine had one or more C-HDL values greater than 70 mg/dl (the 90th percentile for childhood), throughout the 12- to 60-month follow-up period. Moreover, where more than one follow-up measurement was available, there was relative stability of elevated C-HDL measurements. Many infants with cord blood hyperalphalipoproteinemia are likely to have persistent elevations of C-HDL at ages 1 and 2 years. If they maintain elevated C-HDL into adulthood, they may, speculatively, be at reduced risk for coronary heart disease, given the strong inverse association of C-HDL with coronary heart disease. PMID- 7208171 TI - Intermediate golgi alpha-D-mannosidosis and mucolipidosis II and III. AB - We have examined extracts of fibroblasts from patients with mannosidosis, mucolipidosis (ML) II, ML III, and normal controls for alpha-D-mannosidase activity against 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside to test for the presence of the "intermediate" pH 5.5 enzyme activity that has been called the "Golgi mannosidase." Fibroblast extracts were prepared by sonication and sedimented to separate membrane-associated activities from cytosolic and lysosomal alpha-D-mannosidases. Membranes were extracted by salt washes (0.4 M NaCl) to desorb the lysosomal enzymes that sedimented with membranes. The alpha-D mannosidase activity remaining with membranes showed many properties described for the Golgi mannosidase including: 1) an "intermediate" pH optimum (pH optimum (pH 5.5-6.0), 2) activity with the synthetic 4-methylumbelliferyl substrate, 3) lack of inhibitability by 200 mM methyl- alpha-D-mannopyranoside, and 4) partial resistance to solubilization by salt washing, and to a single extraction with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. This intermediate activity was the major alpha D-mannosidase activity remaining in membranes from normal fibroblasts following sedimentation and salt washing, and was the major component of the alpha-D mannosidase activity in extracts of fibroblasts from patients with mannosidosis, ML II, and ML III, in all of which, the lysosomal "acid" alpha-D-mannosidase was greatly reduced. The specific activity of intermediate alpha-D-mannosidase in membranes from fibroblasts from patients with mannosidosis, ML II, and ML III was not reduced compared to that of fibroblasts from controls. These studies provided no evidence to support the prior suggestion of a deficiency of "Golgi mannosidase" in ML II or ML III. PMID- 7208172 TI - The American Pediatric Society and the Society for Pediatric Research. Combined program and abstracts. San Francisco, April 28-30, 1981. PMID- 7208173 TI - [Role of viruses in the etiology of pneumonias]. PMID- 7208174 TI - [Evaluation of the diagnostic significance of the clinical symptoms of acute pneumonia in children]. PMID- 7208175 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the indices of the activity of the inflammatory process in acute staphylococcal and influenzal viral bronchopulmonary pathology]. PMID- 7208176 TI - [Description of the leukocyte count dynamics in pneumonia and acute respiratory viral infection]. PMID- 7208177 TI - [Reversibility of a chronic inflammatory bronchopulmonary process in children]. PMID- 7208178 TI - [Toward new achievements in maternal and child health protection in the 11th Five Year Plan]. PMID- 7208179 TI - [Dynamic characteristics of the health status of children who have had a pulmonary-pleural form of staphylococcal lung destruction]. PMID- 7208180 TI - [Distribution of ABO system blood groups and the immunological reactivity of children with protracted and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 7208181 TI - [Determination of the sodium in the nail plates by neutron activation analysis as a reference test in the diagnosis of mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 7208182 TI - [State of the cellular membranes and the problems of using membrane-stabilizing drugs in pneumonia in children]. PMID- 7208183 TI - [Effective antibiotic therapy problems in chronic pneumonia in children]. PMID- 7208184 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of large intestine lesions in lymphogranulomatosis in children]. PMID- 7208185 TI - [Treatment of a latent iron deficiency in children]. PMID- 7208186 TI - [Role of pediatric polyclinics in health protection for children in the Lithuania SSR]. PMID- 7208187 TI - [Model pediatrician: a basis for optimizing instruction and education]. PMID- 7208188 TI - [Work experience of the city pediatric polyclinic in Panevezys, Lithuanian SSR]. PMID- 7208189 TI - [Dispensary observation experience of children with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7208190 TI - [Correctness of the "cholecystitis" diagnosis in children]. PMID- 7208191 TI - [Prevention and treatment of rickets with vitamin D]. PMID- 7208192 TI - [Intraleukocyte microbicidal system of the neutrophilic granulocytes in healthy children and in children with suppurative and septic diseases]. PMID- 7208194 TI - [Classification of nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases in children]. PMID- 7208193 TI - [Case of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome in a 5 1/2-year-old girl]. PMID- 7208195 TI - [3 cases of congenital nephrotic syndrome in 1 family]. PMID- 7208196 TI - [Case of Buschke's scleredema in childhood]. PMID- 7208197 TI - [2d case of marble bone disease in a family]. PMID- 7208198 TI - [Case of duodenal peptic ulcer complicated by intestinal hemorrhage in a 3-month old infant]. PMID- 7208199 TI - [Chronic active hepatitis in children. Reflections apropos of 12 cases]. PMID- 7208200 TI - [Campylobacter fetus intestinalis septicemia]. PMID- 7208201 TI - [A new case of adrenoleukodystrophy. Diagnostic value of neuromuscular and cutaneous biopsies and of tomodensitometry]. PMID- 7208202 TI - [Congenital nephrotic syndrome, thrombosis of a renal vein and hydrocephalus. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7208203 TI - [Status of measles vaccination in France]. PMID- 7208204 TI - [Human chromosomal mapping]. PMID- 7208205 TI - [Hyperinsulinism in children. Apropos of 8 cases]. PMID- 7208206 TI - Sex, eye-color, and aesthetic ratings of colors. AB - 42 subjects provided aesthetic ratings of 10 pure hues and 36 of 8 complex colors. Sex differences appeared in both experiments, while significant differences in ratings associated with the subject's eye-color (blue versus brown) appeared only for some complex colors (both as a main effect and in interaction with sex and language factors). The interaction of sex and rated color with subjects' eye-color creates difficulties in the interpretation of effects of eye-color. PMID- 7208207 TI - Use of musical scales to display distance to objects in an electronic travel aid for the blind. AB - An electronic travel aid for the blind has been designed which displays distance to objects in terms of the eight notes of the musical scale. Experiments are described which determine the relationship between the efficacy of various tonal displays and the musical sophistication of the subjects. In particular it is shown that the accuracy of predicting the end of a scale, and hence a collision with an object, is a function of familiarity with the scale. That this accuracy is a function of musical sophistication receives only partial support. As expected, the ascending and descending versions of a scale are, in general, equally effective but, unexpectedly, the hypothesis that the accuracy of predicting the end of a tonal sequence would be an inverse function of the sequence length is confirmed only in the case of one scale, the Ionian or Major scale. PMID- 7208209 TI - Depth perception in moving line patterns. AB - By means of a computer system, the two-dimensional projections of a three dimensional random wire figure, rotated clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) about the vertical axis, were produced and displayed on a CRT. Generally the stimulus display appeared as an object rotating in depth, changing direction of movement frequently from clockwise rotation to counterclockwise, and vice versa. In the experiment, the three subjects observed the displays of three different types of projection, two polar projections and a parallel one. They were instructed to judge the direction of the seen motion and asked to report it using the button-switches. Both duration of the rotation perceived in either direction and frequency of the apparent reversals between those two were measured from the output sheets of a pen-recorder. The results showed the effects of the type of projection. (1) The veridical motions were perceived more continuously and durably in the polar projections than in the parallel one, (2) the opposite relation was found with the nonveridical motions, and (3) the reversals of moving direction were seen more frequently in the parallel projection than in the polar ones. PMID- 7208208 TI - Clinical confidence and self-monitoring behavior. AB - The study investigated the relationship between ratings by 2 groups of 12 students of clinical confidence and self-monitoring behavior observed during the initial videotaped interview with a client seeking psychotherapy. Results supported previous research in regards to the experience of the clinician and the mode of information; however, no significant relationship was found between clinical confidence and self-monitoring behavior. PMID- 7208210 TI - Visual effects of exercise: sensory or decision criterion change. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine if improvement in resolution acuity due to exercise was based on changes in sensory discrimination or decision criterion. Two subjects participated in 15 exercise sessions of 1100 kpm per min. On a bicycle ergometer and 5 control sessions. After each exercise and non-exercise condition, resolution acuity was determined using a Yes-No indicator-response method. Significant improvement of resolution acuity was found after the exercise sessions. Threshold probabilities did not change significantly when corrected for spurious Yes responses, suggesting that differences were probably effects in sensory discrimination. PMID- 7208211 TI - Personality assessment by Initial-Letter Word-Association Test. AB - The case of a psychotic girl was described to show that personality assessment by the Initial Letter Word Association Test may be done by categorizing the subject's test associations according to the oral, anal, and phallic character traits. The similarity between the subject's test and dream contents was also studied. The kind of similarity found was not seen in the normal subjects. PMID- 7208212 TI - Time estimation of auditory patterns of different pitch intervals. AB - This study explores time estimation of auditory patterns of different lengths and pitch intervals. Jones suggested that different pitch intervals would distort perceived time. 26 college students compared two types of auditory patterns against a standard duration. When patterns differed only in number of tones, subjects were accurate except on those most similar to the standard. Patterns of different pitch intervals lead to significant errors in time estimation. Rapidly alternating patterns similar to streaming resulted in shorter than accurate time estimates. PMID- 7208213 TI - Word memory in non-psychotic depression. AB - Two diverging explanations can be given for the fact that depressed persons often show deficits on verbal learning tasks: (a) researchers have suggested that memory deficits are the result of interference in the transfer from short- to long-term memory; (b) other researchers have suggested that depressives may not have cognitive deficits but may instead simply show deficits in performance. The present study assessed differences in recognition memory, free recall, organization in multitrial free recall, and final free recall among short-term and long-term non-psychotic depressives (ns = 15) to determine whether such depressed adults show deficits on verbal learning tasks. No verbal learning deficits wee demonstrated for 30 depressives relative to 30 nondepressives. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of interference and the possibility that poor verbal learning in depression is a problem of performance and not learning. PMID- 7208214 TI - Test-retest reliability on a non-language tactual laterality task. PMID- 7208215 TI - REM sleep and EEG abnormalities in criminal psychopaths. AB - Hare's (1970) REM deficit theory in psychopathy was investigated. The repeated finding of EEG slowing in waking psychopaths has been interpreted as reflecting cortical immaturity, cortical underarousal, and an intense need for sensory stimulation of psychopaths. REM sleep has been implicated in cortical maturation during development and in daily cortical maintenance. Hare postulated a possible REM deficit in psychopaths to account for their apparent cortical abnormalities. Three groups of incarcerated criminals were investigated: psychopaths with normal waking EEGs (n = 8), psychopaths with abnormal EEGs (n = 9), and nonpsychopaths with normal EEGs (n = 6). The sleep stages of each inmate were recorded for one baseline and two experimental nights. No significant differences were found in the sleep patterns of these groups using stepwise, multiple discriminant analysis. The psychopaths with abnormal EEGs tended to have the highest REM time and REM% of the inmates, contrary to Hare's theory. PMID- 7208216 TI - Filling time versus affective response to the activity that fills the time: independent effects on time judgment? AB - Previous time perception research has confounded manipulations intended to evoke different affective reactions to the task with different levels of nontemporal processing demands. An attempt was made to separate these dimensions by a social comparison procedure aimed at making the same concurrent task (card sorting) appear differentially interesting to two groups of college students. Response uncertainty varied within the task to that processing demands could be compared while reported interest in the task varied between groups. Magnitude of time estimates related inversely to response uncertainty, but reported interest in the task made no independent contribution to the variance of estimates. PMID- 7208217 TI - Report on a group form for the measurement of color-word interference: speed of color discrimination test. AB - Although there have been some suggestions towards the development of a standardized form for a group version of Stroop's color-word interference test yet, to some extent, a group form has not been applied in psychological research. In this study the equivalence of group and individual procedures as well as some standards for psychological tests of the group form were examined. The results show that the interference score does not comply with the requirements of psychological tests and the equivalence of the interference scores of the group and individual procedures could not be determined. For further research experimental analysis of convergent and discriminant validity is suggested. PMID- 7208218 TI - Stability of scores on the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory in an outpatient population. AB - This paper reports a test-retest study of the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory for 257 boys and girls 7 through 16 yr. of age who were receiving psychological services in a public health facility in an urban area of British Columbia. The obtained reliability coefficients of .7 and .8 place the present findings within the context of data reported for the British standardization sample and support the test author's claims over a 30-day period of relative stability of the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory as a measure of Extraversion and Neuroticism. The support for the test's reliability comes from a rather homogeneous sample of learning and behaviourally disordered children. The usefulness of this inventory for research purposes is discussed. PMID- 7208219 TI - The cause of control movements in a tracking task. AB - The classical cause-effect or input-output model of behavior breaks down when there is feedback from response to stimulus. Using a compensatory tracking task it is shown that response variations on different occasions can be nearly identical while stimulus variations on these occasions are completely unrelated. This result seems to rule out stimulus variations as the cause of responses wh ich control (stabilize) the stimulus. When feedback exists, the cause of control must be viewed as an internal reference rather than an external stimulus. PMID- 7208220 TI - Comparison of writing and drawing performance of dyslexic boys. AB - A group of 10 dyslexic boys and 10 control boys matched for age and nonverbal IQ were asked to draw a person and to write about their favourite television program. The two groups did not differ on mean raw scores or time taken on the drawing but differed in number of spelling errors and writing time. The ratios of spelling/number of words written and grammatical errors/number of words written differed for the groups. The former measure was reliable at 8-mo. retest for dyslexics and the latter was reliable at 8 mo. for controls. Correlations between measures showed a different pattern for the dyslexics and controls. PMID- 7208221 TI - Effects of alcohol on velocity perception: I. Stimulus velocity and change in performance over time. AB - 17 subjects who were required to estimate the time of arrival at a target of a moving light overestimated less after alcohol treatment than after placebo. PMID- 7208222 TI - An instrument for measuring spatial creativity in adults: the "Common Elements" Test. PMID- 7208223 TI - The Cartesian bull's eye in the classroom. AB - A replication of Descartes' demonstration of the inversion of the retinal image is described. Suggestions are made for both preparing a cattle eye and constructing an artificial one for purposes of classroom demonstration. PMID- 7208224 TI - Male delinquents' perceptions of their parents: a factor analysis. AB - Schaeffer's revised version of the Children's Reports of Parental Behavior, Inventory was administered to 90 male delinquents. Factor analyses of their reports on both fathers and mothers yielded three factors: Rejection vs Acceptance, Psychological Control, and Lax Control. The factor structures were similar in both analyses. The factors bore moderately close resemblance to those obtained by other investigators for different samples. PMID- 7208226 TI - The Hess et al. study of pupillary activity in heterosexual and homosexual males: a re-evaluation. PMID- 7208225 TI - Signal detection analysis of visual flicker in deaf and hearing individuals. AB - A comparison of deaf and hearing subjects on temporal visual resolving power was conducted within a signal-detection paradigm. Subjects were required to make forced-choice judgments of a visual-flicker task under three stimulus probability conditions (0.25, 0.50, 0.75). A total of 600 trials were given each subject from which d' and Beta, indices for sensory sensitivity and response bias respectively, were computed. No significant differences existed on sensory sensitivity or response bias which questions some traditional assumptions about sensory compensation. PMID- 7208227 TI - A response to Nicholas F. Skinner's "The Hess, et al. study of pupillary activity in heterosexual and homosexual males: a re-evaluation". AB - Specific aspects of the original study, its replicability and the soundness of the methodology in appreciating individual differences are commented on. PMID- 7208228 TI - Classification of figural spatial tests. AB - A classification of figural spatial tets was derived from sorting more than 300 tests according to perceived similarity of behaviors required for task solution. Task categories were then ordered in terms of information about their stimulus demand and task complexity from factorial research. PMID- 7208229 TI - Differences in visual analysis and sequence memory of skilled and poor readers. PMID- 7208230 TI - Rational-emotive therapy and depression: a clinical case study. AB - Rational-emotive group and bibliotherapy were used to treat a depressed patient in a clinical setting. Psychological test data document a dramatic improvement. It is suggested that rational-emotive therapy may prove efficacious for the treatment of some depressed patients in clinical settings. PMID- 7208231 TI - Effects of experience on size discrimination and attitudes toward the Susan B. Anthony coin. AB - Effects of experience with the Susan B. Anthony dollar on size discrimination and attitudes toward the coin were investigated. Those who used the coin for 4 wk. were quite accurate in discriminating its size visually while those without experience confused the size of the dollar coin with the size of the quarter. On a coin-selection task experienced subjects were no more accurate than inexperienced subjects but differed in type of error, confusing the dollar coin with the half-dollar coin more frequently. In contrast, the errors of inexperienced subjects were unsystematic. No attitudinal changes resulting from experience with the coin were found. PMID- 7208232 TI - Obesity, compatibility, and a taste preference. AB - Ratings and proportions of two cookies eaten by obese and normal-weight individuals were affected by the requirement that subjects eat with their nonpreferred hands. Subjects were run in blocks either before or after dinner; it was only before dinner that strong preferences between the two cookies emerged. Normal weight subjects ate approximately equal proportions of the two cookies when using preferred hands but strongly favored the cashew cookie when using their nonpreferred hands. Obese subjects ate more of the cashew cookie when using the preferred hands but more of the oatmeal cookie when using nonpreferred hands. Also, subjects were given fictitious information about previous subjects' preferences between the cookies. Only the normal ones were affected by this information; the obese subjects ate more of the cashew cookie regardless of the "external" cue about other subjects' preferences. PMID- 7208233 TI - Effect of body recognition on judgments of length of component parts. AB - Two groups of subjects judged the lengths of component parts of either an abstract representation of the human body form or a control figure lacking any body-like resemblance. Although subjects recognized the abstract figure as a human body the pattern of errors in judgments of length of the component parts failed to replicate the well established error pattern obtained in judgments of length of actual human body-parts. The results are discussed with respect to the hypothesis that recognition of a stimulus as human body is the critical determinant of the pattern of errors in judgments of lengths of body-parts. PMID- 7208234 TI - Type A personality, stress, and job satisfaction in police officers. PMID- 7208235 TI - Eyeblink, evoked potentials and visual attention. AB - Eyeblink signals and evoked potentials were recorded and averaged in humans during the tachistoscopic presentation of gratings at various spatial frequencies and levels of luminance. It was confirmed that at high spatial frequencies and low levels of luminance the latency of evoked potentials increased and their amplitude decreased. At the same time there was a longer inhibition of the eyeblink, which was more precisely timed on the stimulus. This points to the existence of a central system that regulates the eyeblink in accordance with the attention involved in visual information processing. PMID- 7208236 TI - Pupillary activity and male sexuality: reply to Hess and Petrovich. PMID- 7208237 TI - Extensionality of information accompanying effect of numerosity on estimation of time duration. AB - 60 subjects estimated the duration of the stimulus consisting of 1, 3, or 5 dark dots, following the auditory warning signal. The duration of the warning signal constituted duration of foreperiod which was either 1 or 5 sec. For the correlated groups, pitch of the warning signal weas perfectly correlated with numerosity of dots. For the uncorrelated group, there was no such correlation. For the constant group, pitch of the warning signal was constant. The increasing effect of numerosity of stimulus elements was reduced for the 5-sec foreperiod but not for the 1-sec. foreperiod in the correlated group. Such effect was present for both durations for foreperiod in the uncorrelated group and was absent for both durations of foreperiod in the constant group. PMID- 7208238 TI - Role of foveal and peripheral visual information in maintenance of postural equilibrium in man. AB - In a previous report (Amblard & Cremieux, 1976) we demonstrated that the maintenance of postural equilibrium, measured with the subject in Mann's stance on a foam rubber support, was significantly more difficult under stroboscopic rather than normal lighting conditions. The most plausible cause of the difficulty is the subject's loss of visual perception of movement as a result of the stroboscopic lighting. The present study was designed to look at this factor under normal lighting conditions. Also, the relative contributions of foveal and peripheral vision were assessed. During stance, the subjects (5 women and 6 men, aged from 25 to 55 yr.) viewed either a horizontal or a vertical rectangular grating. With horizontal lines, the visual perception of lateral movement is minimized. Lateral acceleration was measured at three anatomical levels: ankles, hips, and head. The horizontal stripe condition was significantly less effective than the vertical stripe one for maintenance of balance, both for measurements at the head level only and for values averaged from all three levels. Balance was significantly impaired with foveal vision alone compared to full vision or to peripheral vision alone, for measurements from each of the three levels. We conclude that the visual perception of movement is a very important factor in the maintenance of the equilibrium, peripheral vision playing the major role, and foveal vision only a supplementary one. PMID- 7208239 TI - Behavioral effects of low plus lenses. AB - This study explored the relationship between the application of low plus reading lenses and the improvement of performance at a child's near working distance. 11 school-aged subjects were selected at random, screened for their ability to accept low plus lenses, then given a paper-and-pencil task to perform both with and without the plus lenses. Statistically significant behavioral changes were associated with wearing the low plus-power reading lenses while performing the near paper-and-pencil task. PMID- 7208240 TI - Electrocortical positivity and personality. AB - Individual differences in slow positive wave (SPW) amplitude occurring 200 to 400 msec. post-stimulus are reported in a group of 6 extraverts and 6 introverts. Introverts showed larger positivity of amplitude. Differences indicated that cortical specificity of components might relate to personality-specific attentional strategies. PMID- 7208241 TI - Exposure duration and line length: an analogy to the Broca-Sulzer effect in perception of extent? AB - For 30 undergraduates, brief exposures were shown to increase the apparent length of a line. This enhancement of length diminished as duration of exposure increased, creating an illusion of line length that resembles the Broca-Sulzer brightness anomaly. PMID- 7208242 TI - Auditory-visual integration and its relationship to reading achievement: a meta analysis. AB - A review of research examining the relationship of auditory-visual integration and reading achievement is presented. The techniques of meta-analysis were used to integrate statistically the findings from 31 studies. A total of 146 correlations were collected and aggregated across assessment procedures, reading skills, grade levels, and subject characteristics. Also, partial correlations and a step-wise multiple regression were used to describe the interrelationships among auditory-visual integration, intelligence, reading skills, and other auditory perceptual skills. These analyses indicate that auditory-visual integration is a correlate of reading ability but the magnitude of the relation varies with the combination of descriptive variables considered in relation to reading achievement. PMID- 7208243 TI - Reliability, sex difference, and Honi phenomenon in a distorted room. AB - Test-retest reliability and sex differences when viewed in a distorted room were investigated. The presence of the Honi phenomenon, which is less change in apparent size of a spouse than of a stranger, was examined. A reliability coefficient was obtained by testing 27 college men twice. Judgments of size from 25 of the men and 25 women who viewed black disc targets and also from 10 women viewing husbands' and strangers' photographs were compared. The reliability was high, .87. Sex difference was significant. Women's larger reading was interpreted as a more meaningful or valuable perception of things than men's. The Honi phenomenon does not exist. PMID- 7208244 TI - Alcohol and velocity perception: II. Stimulus discrimination. AB - The ability of 14 men to discriminate between successively paired velocity presentations was impaired by alcohol particularly with higher stimulus speeds and for the presentation order fast-slow. Alcohol also increased the number of false alarms. PMID- 7208245 TI - Perceptual discrimination of whispered phoneme pairs. AB - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the ability of 12 subjects to discriminate between whispered consonants that are differentiated, in normal speech, on the basis of voicing. In general, the subjects were able to make these discriminations, although certain phonemes (such as /d -- t/) were easier to discriminate than others (formula see text). Possible acoustic features the subjects might be using to make these discriminations were discussed. PMID- 7208246 TI - Effects of feedback and reinforcement in tachistoscopic training on a fault detection task. AB - This study looked at possible differential effects of feedback and reinforcement on a stimulated fault-detection task. Volunteer college students, 11 females and 13 males, participated in the study. Subjects were assigned to three different groups and tachistoscopically presented with series of slides of intact and faulty cups randomly arranged. Subjects in Group 1 were shown a highly preferred slide following each correct detection (positive reinforcement). In Group 2, subjects received a second, longer presentation of every item responded to and every critical one omitted (knowledge of results). Subjects in Group 3 faced a blank screen during inter-stimulus intervals (practice control). Detection scores along five decreasing stimulus presentation times were recorded. Data indicate the treatment conditions as equally efficient and significantly better than the control condition. However, performance of the control group did improve significantly throughout training which suggests the use of tachistoscope as a training device per se. Commission and omission errors did not differ significantly within treatments, though both types of error were significantly elevated for the control group. A possible dissociation between the effects of reinforcers and feedback is discussed, and experiments which would tax higher levels of information processing are suggested to probe this issue further. PMID- 7208247 TI - The processing of structured and unstructured tonal sequences. PMID- 7208248 TI - Three-stimulus procedures in olfactory psychophysics: an experimental comparison of Thurstone-Ura and three-alternative forced-choice models of signal detection theory. PMID- 7208249 TI - Loudness and loudness discrimination. PMID- 7208250 TI - Influence of preceding liquid on stop-consonant perception. PMID- 7208251 TI - The effects of spatial frequency and target type on perceived duration. PMID- 7208252 TI - The contribution of visual persistence to the perceived duration of brief targets. PMID- 7208253 TI - Syntactic and semantic factors in the classification of nonspeech transient patterns. PMID- 7208254 TI - The visual accommodation response during concurrent mental activity. PMID- 7208255 TI - The spatial attributes of stimulus frequency and their role in monaural localization of sound in the horizontal plane. PMID- 7208256 TI - Changes in perceived contrast, reaction time, and pattern-specific evoked potentials due to stimulus duration. PMID- 7208257 TI - Auditory temporal order and perceived fusion-nonfusion. PMID- 7208258 TI - Multimodal signal detection: independent decision vs. integration. PMID- 7208259 TI - Laterality differences in sensitivity to line orientation as a function of adaptation duration. PMID- 7208261 TI - Contralateral auditory change masking. PMID- 7208260 TI - Perceiving the centroid of curvilinearly bounded rolling shapes. PMID- 7208262 TI - Individual loudness functions determined from direct comparisons of loudness intervals. PMID- 7208263 TI - Simultaneous behavioral and neural (cochlear nucleus) measurement during signal detection in the rabbit. PMID- 7208264 TI - Fundamental frequency as a cue to postvocalic consonantal voicing: some data from speech perception and production. PMID- 7208265 TI - Picture perception: an analysis of visual compensation. PMID- 7208266 TI - When does perceived lightness depend on perceived spatial arrangement? PMID- 7208267 TI - Auditory streaming and vertical localization: interdependence of "what" and "where" decisions in audition. PMID- 7208268 TI - Auditory forward and backward masking interaction. PMID- 7208269 TI - Factors affecting proprioceptive adaptation to prismatic displacement. PMID- 7208270 TI - Spatial frequency content of visual imagery. PMID- 7208271 TI - The influence of imagery ability on color aftereffects produced by physically present and imagined induction stimuli. PMID- 7208272 TI - Two auditory aftereffects and their dependency on carrier frequency. PMID- 7208273 TI - Algebraic models for integration of painful and nonpainful electric shocks. PMID- 7208275 TI - The influence of vision on the absolute identification of sound-source position. PMID- 7208276 TI - Stimulus duration and grating persistence: an instance of the 100-msec rule? PMID- 7208274 TI - The interfering effect of word perception on letter identification. PMID- 7208277 TI - Response times to different spatial frequencies: is there a 100-msec role? PMID- 7208278 TI - The future of recombinant DNA technology in medicine. PMID- 7208279 TI - Some thoughts on the mind-body problem. PMID- 7208280 TI - Constraints on creativity in the medical sciences: possible solutions. PMID- 7208281 TI - [Angiographic observations of the cystic artery, especially on the variations in the origin and size (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208282 TI - [Pneumoconiosis in garage workers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208283 TI - [Radiotherapy of carcinoma of the uterine cervix by the external irradiation using conformation technique combined with intracavitary radium irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208284 TI - A new scintigraphic method for detecting the esophageal mucosal lesions 99mTc pertechnetate coating and wash-out esophageal scintigraphy. PMID- 7208285 TI - [Studies on radioresistance with HeLa cells: on the variations of n, Do, and Dq values of the radioresistant HeLa strains (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208286 TI - [Preliminary report on computerized ultrasonography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208287 TI - [Is it still necessary to look for the surgically-treatable causes of arterial hypertension?]. PMID- 7208288 TI - [Screening for phaeochromocytoma : in which hypertensive patients? A semiological study of 2585 patients, including 11 with phaeochromocytoma (author's transl)]. AB - In an attempt to find out whether phaeochromocytoma could be screened by questioning, the authors have recorded in a population of 2585 hypertensive patients the symptoms known to be most frequently associated with the tumour, i.e. headaches, palpitations and sweating attacks. Since 72.4% of the entire population reported one or another of these complaints, no single symptom could be taken as suggestive of phaeochromocytoma. However, only 6.5% of the patients reported all three symptoms and could therefore be considered as forming a subgroup likely to have the tumour. Patients in this subgroup differed from the others in the predominance of females (p less than 0.01), the higher frequency of anxiety (p less than 0.01) and above all, the higher incidence of phaeochromocytoma (5.9% as against 0.04%; p less than 0.01). The symptomatic triad (headaches, palpitations, sweating attacks) has a specificity of 93.8%, a sensitivity of 90.9% and an exclusion value of 99.9% for the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. Its presence in hypertensive patients justifies systematic assays of blood or urinary catecholamines. In its absence, the probability of phaeochromocytoma is inferior to 1 in 1 000. PMID- 7208289 TI - [The relevance of chest X-rays and respiratory function tests to the assessment of occupational hazards in asbestos factory workers (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have analyzed the medico-legal records of 70 workers from an asbestos factory, who developed pneumoconiosis, sometimes after prolonged exposure. X-ray films were interpreted (though not without some difficulty) according to the I.L.O. classification criteria. Respiratory function tests included spirometry, gas exchange determination and blood gas measurements. There was a correlation between the duration of occupational exposure and the onset of chest lesions visible on X-ray films (pleural thickening, pulmonary fibrosis and later, pleural calcifications) and a closer correlation between these and the results of the two main respiratory function tests: vital capacity and fractional global and arterio alveolar CO uptake coefficient (DuaCO). It appeared, however, that lung function impairment sometimes preceded radiological abnormalities, and this should be taken into consideration when assessing the financial compensation due to workers exposed to asbestos. PMID- 7208291 TI - [Detection of malignant melanoma metastases. Value of radioisotopic methods (author's transl)]. AB - No single radioisotopic exploration is capable of detecting metastases of malignant melanomas, but the successive use of three different scintigraphic techniques (liver, bone and 67Ga citrate) has increased the detection rate from 55 to 68%. Since these metastases are small and may develop anywhere in the body, several methods must systematically be combined, particularly when one of them gives normal results. Experience has shown that 13% of metastases would have passed unnoticed if the three scintigraphic techniques had not been used. PMID- 7208290 TI - [Radiation-induced intestinal lesions. Prognosis and surgical management (author's transl)]. AB - Thirteen patients with intestinal lesions consecutive to radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterus were operated upon between 1973 and 1979. The small bowel was involved in 9 patients and the colon and rectum in 4 patients. Urinary tract lesions were associated in 3 patients of each group. Intestinal necrosis, progression of the lesions and extensive pelvic fibrosis were the only criteria of poor prognosis. Twenty-two operations were performed: 4 for urinary tract lesions and 18 for intestinal lesions. Five patients died during the immediate post-operative period and five died within 2 to 30 months after surgery, including 4 whose carcinoma recurred. The operative technique should be selected according to the extent and severity of radiation-induced damage, as determined by pre-operative examination and thorough exploration of the abdominal cavity once opened. Limited lesions of the small bowel can be treated by resection, but intestinal bypass with latero-lateral anastomosis seems to be preferable in cases with extensive lesions. Patients with colorectal lesions should have defunctioning colostomy prior to any other procedure dictated by the state of affairs. Multiple anastomosis, extensive resections and excessive dissections should be avoided. PMID- 7208292 TI - [Changes in barbiturate self-poisoning during the last ten years. A comparison between two series of cases (author's transl)]. AB - The study compared two homogenous series of attempted suicide with barbiturates: 1012 patients from November 1967 to July 1969, and 327 patients in 1977. During these ten years there was a 10% decrease in the incidence of barbiturate intoxications to the benefit of intoxications with benzodiazepines. A similar trend was seen in the use of medium - or long - acting barbiturates alone as compared with association with other drugs. There also was a remarkable shortening of the delay in admission to hospital: 66% of the patients were admitted within 6 hours of poisoning in 1977, as against 56% in 1967-69) to 1% (3 deaths out of 327 cases in 1977). PMID- 7208294 TI - [Current value of measles vaccination]. PMID- 7208293 TI - [Familial diabetes insipidus of central origin (author's transl)]. AB - In a 10-year-old girl admitted to hospital for polyuria and polydipsia, the central nervous system origin of the symptoms was demonstrated by low antidiuretic hormone levels (inferior to 1 pg/ml) and reduction of diuresis after administration of 1-deamino-8D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP). A study of the girl's family history showed that the disease was hereditary and autosomal dominant. Intranasal instillations of DDAVP twice daily constitute the best known treatment of the condition. PMID- 7208295 TI - [Budd-Chiari syndrome. Physiopathogenic hypothesis for polycythemia]. PMID- 7208296 TI - [Sulfhemoglobinemia. An unusual cause of cyanosis in intensive care]. PMID- 7208297 TI - [Familial form of De Morsier-Kalmann's syndrome]. PMID- 7208298 TI - [Erythrocyte deformability and glycosylated hemoglobins in diabetics]. PMID- 7208299 TI - [Value of the combination of manometry and pH measurement in the study of gastroesophageal reflux in pediatrics]. PMID- 7208301 TI - [Echotomographic diagnosis of multiple abscesses of the kidney]. PMID- 7208300 TI - [Effect of smoking on carboxyhemoglobin and erythrocyte filtration]. PMID- 7208302 TI - [Nodular, epithelioid and gigantocellular infiltrations in osteomedullar biopsies. Etiologic diversity]. PMID- 7208303 TI - [Criteria for diagnosing sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7208304 TI - [Strongyloidiasis: a clinical, biological and epidemiological study of 350 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a series of 350 cases of strongyloidiasis. The patients had come from the French West Indies or from Africa and had been living in France for less than five years. Stool examinations were performed systematically or on account of eosinophilia, which was often pronounced (400-1500 per cubic millimetre). Although 44 patients offered favourable conditions for the worms to multiply, no death was recorded. The relevant published data are discussed. PMID- 7208305 TI - [Osteoporosis in Klinefelter's syndrome Quantitative bone histological data in 5 cases and relationship with hormonal deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - The histomorphometric data obtained from nondecalcified iliac bone biopsies in 5 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS), low back pain and histologically confirmed osteoporosis are presented. The data were compared with those of 3 other patients with osteoporosis and hypogonadism unconnected with KS. The results were identical in both groups, with rarefied spongy bone and strongly depressed osteoblastic activity, the latter being expressed morphologically by a decrease in osteoid seam thickness and dynamically by a low appositional rate. As both groups had low androgen levels, it is suggested that bone rarefaction in KS is associated with the hormonal deficiency and not directly due to the chromosomal abnormality. T e mechanism of action of androgens on bone tissue is discussed. PMID- 7208306 TI - [Atherogenous mixed hyperlipidaemia with predominant slow pre-betalipoprotein overload: type IVb (author's transl)]. AB - Together with the rare dysbetalipoproteinaemia (type III) and with combined beta- and pre-betalipoproteinaemia (type IIb), slow pre-betalipoproteinaemia (type IVb) belongs to the group of mixed hyperlipidaemias, where both blood cholesterol and triglycerides are raised. From a study of 30 patients, 10 of whom benefited from ultracentrifugal separation of lipoproteins, the authors define type IVb hyperlipidaemia, characterized by an equal increase in triglycerides and cholesterol and by the fact that the cholesterol overload is almost entirely due to slow pre-betalipoproteins. This particular type undoubtedly plays a part in the development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7208307 TI - [Sarcoid nodules of the skin at the site of venipuncture (author's transl)]. AB - In a 56-year-old female patient with sarcoidosis, venipuncture for withdrawal of blood specimens resulted in the formation of a histologically confirmed sarcoid granuloma at the precise site of the puncture. Eight similar cases are reported in the literature. They concern women aged 37 on average and presenting with pulmonary lesions. The sarcoid nodules, large or small, occurred earlier at the sites of venipuncture than on visible scars. One may wonder whether the formation of these nodules could be due to a hypersensitivity reaction developing as a result of blood cells extravasation during an active phase of the disease. PMID- 7208308 TI - [Diagnosis of breast cancer. Value and futility of paraclinical screening tests (author's transl)]. AB - During the past 10 years a number of screening tests aimed at an earlier diagnosis of breast cancer have been introduced, and the time has come for their value to be assessed. In this paper, thermography, senography, xerography, echography and needle aspiration or biopsy are reviewed, and their insufficiencies and drawbacks are shown. Periodical self-examination of the breasts, more detailed examination by the practitioner, systemic senography once every 5 years in women older than 35 and earlier in high risk women, needle aspiration for cysts and needle biopsy for solid tumours are at present the only efficient means of early detection of breast cancer. PMID- 7208309 TI - [Ultrasound determination of the foetal sex (author's transl)]. AB - Determination of the foetal sex in utero by ultrasonography is possible after the sixth month of pregnancy. In 100 women examined during the last trimester (15 with breech presentation and 85 with cephalic presentation) the sex of 28 boys and 34 girls could be diagnosed. This represents 72,9% positive determinations, if breech presentations are excluded. The best results are in fact obtained in cephalic presentations. One cause of error is spina bifida, which might give images resembling the scrotum (one case in our study). This examination is of interest mainly in cases of sex chromosome abnormalities. PMID- 7208310 TI - [Metronidazole neuropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208311 TI - [Femoral revascularization: what may we think of axillo-femoral shunts?]. PMID- 7208312 TI - [Plasma cell leukemia: a case with sustained complete remission (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208313 TI - [Value of esophageal manometry for defining the origin of anginal-type pain]. PMID- 7208314 TI - [Fecal leukocytes and intestinal infections]. PMID- 7208315 TI - [Blood parathyroid hormone during fasting]. PMID- 7208316 TI - [Anaphylaxis-like manifestations after intravenous injection of urate oxidase in an asthmatic child with acute leukemia]. PMID- 7208318 TI - [From radiology to endoscopy in the study of the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 7208317 TI - [Erythema nodosum and oral contraception. Demonstration of an anti-ethinyl estradiol antibody]. PMID- 7208319 TI - [Successive courses of intensive therapy in cystic fibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-four patients aged from 3 to 30 years and suffering from advanced cystic fibrosis received several courses of intensive antibiotic therapy combined with prolonged respiratory physiotherapy with postural drainage. Antibiotics included carbenicillin 500 mg/kg/day and aminoglycosides in high dosage (6 mg/kg/day). These treatments were administered to prevent aggravation of chronic bronchitis and to suppress acute exacerbations. Tolerance was satisfactory, and all patients felt better, at least during the first courses. Improvement was also observed in the main respiratory function parameters. In a total of 95 courses only two side effects (severe dizziness and giant urticaria) were recorded. Intensive courses of combined antibiotic therapy associated with physiotherapy constitute a new way of treating severe, progressive cystic fibrosis. The patients are made comfortable, and their survival time is increased by several years. PMID- 7208320 TI - [Clinical presentations of Cockett's syndrome. 16 cases]. AB - Cockett's syndrome (iliac compression syndrome) results from compression of the common iliac vein by the aortic bifurcation. The anatomical abnormality is frequent (15-20% of the population), but symptoms only appear when compression is pronounced. In a study of 16 patients, predominantly female, the following clinical presentations were observed: venous oedema of the left lower limb in 4 cases; symptoms suggesting iliac phlebitis in 3 cases; pulmonary embolism as first sign of peripheral venous thrombosis in 6 cases; and deterioration of angiodyplasia in 3 cases. In all patients, the diagnosis of Cockett's syndrome was confirmed by cavography. Surgical treatment, successfully performed in 13 patients, consists of uncrossing the artery and vein and placing a clip on the vena cava in case of pulmonary embolism PMID- 7208321 TI - [Contribution of intravenous urography to the etiological diagnosis of microscopic haematurias (author's transl)]. AB - From a study of 216 patients with microscopic haematuria who were helped by technically complete intravenous urography (IU), the authors conclude that this investigations method is particularly valuable when haematuria is unaccompanied by proteinuria, pyuria or renal insufficiency. IU led to an etiological diagnosis in almost 50 p. cent of the patients revealing, among other causes, numerous calculi and a non-negligible number of tumours. Renal biopsy is very useful in cases with proteinuria but has few indications in isolated microscopic haematurias. The same applies to diagnostic angiography. Cystoscopy should be considered angiography. Cystoscopy should be considered when IU might be unable to detect small tumours of the bladder or, more generally, lesions of the vesical mucosa, particularly frequent in patients with pyuria. PMID- 7208322 TI - [Diagnosis of brain lesions and of early complications by CAT scan in traumatic patients in coma. Series of 265 cases (author's transl)]. AB - In every patient admitted with a traumatic coma a CAT scan was performed immediately (less than 6 hours after the accident). As a routine procedure another scan was performed 48 hours later; further scans were done depending upon the clinical and ICP conditions. The patients were operated upon or given a medical treatment from the CAT scan analysis only. Until now the brainstem lesions have not been seen on the first day CAT scan images. The CAT scan performed on the second day will show a stabilization or an expansion of the previous lesions: haemorrhage or oedema. Any change in the patient condition or in the IPC monitoring must lead to a new CAT scan revealing epidural or subdural haematomas, hydrocephalus, subdural hygroma, persistent oedema. Therefore the CAT scanner used by a neurosurgical team must be able to work day and night. PMID- 7208323 TI - [Acquired post-traumatic and idiopathic hypothalamic panhypopituitarism in adults. Three cases (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of hypothalamic panhypopituitarism in male adults are reported. Two of them, without antidiuretic hormone deficiency, succeeded to a closed head injury. The third one was associated with impaired posterior pituitary function and presumably was of idiopathic origin, since radiological and ophthalmological investigations gave normal results, although the disease seemed to have begun some 20 years before. PMID- 7208324 TI - [The jet-shield in arterial surgery]. PMID- 7208325 TI - [Subacute bronchopneumopathy caused by aspiration of neutral fluid of digestive origin]. PMID- 7208326 TI - [Thrombosis of the superior vena cava after peritoneo-jugular shunt for ascites]. PMID- 7208327 TI - [Wissler-Fanconi syndrome or polyarthritis caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis?]. PMID- 7208328 TI - [Acute hemiplegia in children caused by infarction of the internal capsule. Diagnosis by cerebral scanography]. PMID- 7208329 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity immune reactions in a surgical milieu. Choice of a method: multipuncture or intradermal reaction?]. PMID- 7208330 TI - [Simplified method of the prevention of the prescription of dobutamine and dopamine]. PMID- 7208331 TI - [The megarosette test in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7208332 TI - [Cold thyroid nodules]. PMID- 7208333 TI - [Diagnosis of autoimmune uveitis by the human basophil degranulation test]. PMID- 7208334 TI - [From the critical analysis of a medical article to the editing of a scientific publication]. PMID- 7208335 TI - [Scientific symposium on fenofibrate. Dijon, March 8, 1980]. PMID- 7208336 TI - [Fenofibrate: chemical development and differences with clofibrate (author's transl)]. AB - Since its discovery by Thorp and Waring in 1962, the clofibrate molecule has undergone various modifications. The all-important phenoxy-2-methyl-2-propionic acid chain was preserved, but it seemed reasonable to try and improve pharmacological activity by substituting for the Cl atom a group with different hydrophobic profile. However, none of the phenylketone derivatives produced had satisfactory antilipaemic properties, except for the benzoyl derivative. Grafting on this derivative a Cl atom in position 4 by an original method based on a vinylogy principle, and esterifying with propanol-2 yielded the most active and best tolerated compound: fenofibrate. Fenofibrate resembles clofibrate in that it has the same phenoxy-2-methyl-2-propionic chain but differs from it by the way electrons are distributed, by its lipophilia and by its supple structure, the mobile carbon links between the two rings allowing for spatial changes and facilitating adaptation to receptors. The strong individuality of the molecule is undoubtedly responsible for the significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacological differences between fenofibrate and clofibrate. PMID- 7208337 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of fenofibrate in man (author's transl)]. AB - The active metabolite of fenofibrate is fenofibric acid, which is strongly bound to serum proteins. Following a single oral dose of 300 mg fenofibrate there is a diphasic decrease in plasma levels of fenofibric acid, and most of the drug is excreted as conjugate in the urine. Following daily oral administration of 300 mg during 10 days, a state of equilibrium is obtained within 2 to 3 days and persists throughout the observation period; the mean elimination half-life and urinary excretion rate are very similar to those measured after a single dose, and the drug does not accumulate. In patients with renal insufficiency, the plasma half-life of fenofibric acid is very substantially prolonged and considerable accumulation takes place, as the compound is virtually not dialyzable. Doses of 100 mg/day produce plasma levels similar to those obtained with 300 mg/day. The lipid-lowering activity mostly affects triglycerides. Concomitant administration of colestipol has no effect on blood kinetics and urinary excretion of fenofibrate but results in very important reduction of all lipoprotein fractions. PMID- 7208338 TI - [Metabolism of fenofibrate and fenofibric acid in vivo and in cultures of liver epithelial cells (author's transl)]. AB - In vitro and in vivo studies using capillary column gas chromatography alone or coupled with mass spectrometry resulted in the identification of several metabolites of fenofibrate (LF 178). Fenofibric acid (LF 153) was omnipresent, being found in rats after acute, subacute and chronic administration, in human urine during chronic treatment, and in cultures of rat and human liver cells. Other metabolites were LF 433 (LF 153 benzhydrol), which increases in rats with the duration of treatment while LF 153 decreases, and LF - phenol" found in human urine. In hepatocyte cultures, fenofibric acid was predominant, but fenofibrate itself and LF 321 (LF 178 benzhydrol) were also present in addition to the above mentioned metabolites. LF 321, however, was only found in human liver cell cultures. PMID- 7208339 TI - [How does fenofibrate exert its cholesterol-lowering effect? (author's transl)]. AB - In animal models and in man the lipid-lowering activity of fenofibrate is characterized by a reduction of the serum fraction that carries most of the circulating cholesterol. Pharmacological studies in rodents have shown that fenofibrate induces a "catabolic" state with decreased HDL-cholesterol in normal rats and decreased VLDL-cholesterol ester and liver cholesterol ester in hypercholesterolaemic rats. The mechanism of this enhanced elimination is still unknown. The relative increase in free cholesterol in relation to cholesterol ester might indirectly reduce HMG-CoA reductase activity. In addition, we have shown a direct inhibitory effect of fenofibrate on human liver microsomic enzyme activity in vitro. The blood levels of fenofibric acid in man would be sufficient to inhibit this enzyme in vivo. PMID- 7208340 TI - [Fenofibrate: animal toxicology in relation to side-effects in man (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic toxicity studies of fenofibrate were carried out in rats (3 months), dogs (7 et 24 months) and Rhesus monkeys (12 months). The results in the last named species (78 animals) were of particular interest, since the treated monkeys had normal size liver without histological abnormalities. Electron microscopy showed no increase in the number of hepatic peroxisomes. Long-term toxicity studies in rats failed to show any increase in the incidence of altered hepatocytes or of neoplastic tumours in treated animals. However, a few peroxisomes were found in animals receiving the highest doses of fenofibrate. In reproduction studies there was no evidence of teratogenic effects in rats with doses 45 times higher than the human dose, nor in rabbits with doses of 300 mg/kg/day. In mutagenicity studies fenofibrate proved unable to bind with DNA and could not, therefore, have any effect on genes. The side-effects encountered in clinical practice (e.g. digestive disorders, sexual fatigue, myalgia, alopecia) were rare and obliged to discontinue treatment in very few cases. Long-term clinical trials failed to demonstrate any fenofibrate-induced pathology, such as malignant or benign tumours, or biliary or urinary lithiasis. Serum transaminases were increased in 10 to 20% of the patients, but the rise was transient and never reached pathological levels. Electron microscope study of liver biopsies from patients treated with fenofibrate showed no proliferation of peroxisomes. PMID- 7208341 TI - [Fenofibrate: hypolipaemic activity and safety in long-term treatment. Effects on HDL, LDL, VLDL and apoprotein B in short-term treatment (author's transl)]. AB - In a study started in 1973 and still in progress (1100 patient-years so far) fenofibrate in daily doses of 200-400 mg consistently proved effective, without any loss of activity with time. The drug lowered serum total cholesterol levels by 17-27% in type IIa, IIb and III primary hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) and serum triglyceride levels by 35-51% in type IIb and III HLP and by 46-54% in type IV HLP. Clinically and biologically fenofibrate was always well tolerated, even after 5 years' treatment. Side-effects were uncommon (4%) and mild, and they obliged to discontinue treatment in only 1% of the patients. Abnormal manifestations encountered during therapy appeared to be fortuitous. The effects of the drug on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality could not be determined from this trial. In a short-term study involving 21 patients with type IIa and IIb primary HLP, fenofibrate in doses of 200-400 mg/day produced a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apoprotein B. It is also reduced triglycerides and VLDL-triglycerides in type IIb HLP. The increase in HDL cholesterol observed under fenofibrate was significant in type IIa HLP but not in type IIb HLP. In both types, there was a significant rise in HDL: LDL + VLDL ratio. PMID- 7208342 TI - [One year fenofibrate treatment of type II primary hyperlipidaemia. Effects on lipoproteins and biological tolerance (author's transl)]. AB - The study involved 18 patients aged from 17 to 71 years with idiopathic type IIa hypercholesterolaemia and 10 patients aged from 34 to 67 years with type IIb mixed hyperlipidaemia (HLP). During a first period of at least 3 months, the patients were established on a diet adapted to each type of HLP. Fenofibrate in daily doses of 5 mg/kg bodyweight was then added to the dietetic regimen. The effectiveness of the drug was assessed after 6 months and 1 year. In type IIa HLP patients LDL-cholesterol decreased by 29-30%. In type IIb HLP patients there was a decrease of 45-70% in VLDL-cholesterol of 12-15% in LDL-cholesterol and of 38 61% in VLDL-triglycerides. HDL levels measured before treatment were slightly higher than those reported in the literature and were not significantly modified by fenofibrate, except for HDL-triglycerides in type IIa patients after 12 months' treatment. As in all previous studies on lipoprotein fractions, the decrease in VL-DL-cholesterol was not accompanied by an increase in LDL cholesterol. Fenofibrate was well tolerated, both clinically and biologically. There were no changes in serum bilirubin levels. Alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly reduced but remained within physiological values. A slight increase in mean transaminase levels due to a transient rise in 4 patients was observed after 3 and 65 months' treatment. Routine measurements of these parameters are advised during long-term fenofibrate treatment. PMID- 7208343 TI - [Effects of fenofibrate in four types of hyperlipoproteinaemia and on apoproteins A and B in type IIa HLP (author's transl)]. AB - Fenofibrate in doses of 300 mg/day was administered for 3 consecutive months to 31 patients with type IIa, IIb, III or IV hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP). Mean plasma cholesterol levels decreased by 22% in type IIa (n = 15), by 19% in type IIb (n = 10), by 51% in type III (n = 2) and by 5% in type IV (n = 4) HLP. Mean plasma triglyceride levels were reduced by 32, 38, 60 and 52% respectively in these four types of HLP. Apo-A, measured in 11 patients with type IIa, HLP increased by up to 28% after three months' treatment, whereas alphalipoprotein cholesterol only slightly rose by a mean 11%. Apo-B decreased by 14%. Fenofibrate was well tolerated. Only one patient developed a pruriginous rash at the end of the treatment period. PMID- 7208344 TI - [Influence of fenofibrate on blood platelet functions (author's transl)]. AB - A study of blood lipids and platelet functions was conducted in north-eastern (Moselle) and southeastern (Var) France, among populations with widely different dietary habits and coronary disease mortality rates. Striking variations were found between the two populations with regard to platelet coagulation activity and response to various aggregation agents. On the other hand, plasma cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels were identical. Voluntary reduction by 53 subjects from Moselle in the consumption of saturated fats resulted, within one year, in remarkable improvement in platelet functions, thus demonstrating that the differences were due to diet and not to genetic factors. This being established, two studies were undertaken comparing healthy, normolipaemic subjects (control group) with two groups of type IIb hyperlipaemic subjects following the same pre-established diet and either untreated or treated with fenofibrate. They showed platelet hyperaggregation response to epinephrine in untreated subjects, whereas platelet functions in fenofibrate-treated subjects were identical with those in the control group. It would therefore seem that for many coronary disease patients changes in dietary habits combined with fenofibrate treatment might be one of the simplest and quickest ways of preventing the recurrence of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7208345 TI - [Pharmacology of fenofibrate (author's transl)]. AB - Fenofibrate is one of several compounds with substituted-2-phenoxy-isobutyric acids and esters. In ageing rats receiving a hyperlipidaemic diet or injections of triton, fenofibrate lowers blood lipids as much as, or more than other antilipaemic agents. It is active in man against the main types (IIa, IIb and IV) of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP), and this activity is sustained throughout treatment (20 months in one study). In comparative studies, the effects of fenofibrate (400 mg/day) on the lipoprotein fractions tested were superior to those of clofibrate (2 g/day) and slightly superior to those of gemfibrosil (800 mg/day) and bezafibrate (600 mg/day). The drug also enhanced the lipid-lowering effects of colestipol. In doses of 300 mg/day fenofibrate produced a significant 13-15% decrease in apoprotein B with a concomitant 19-28% increase in apoprotein A. Fenofibrate was also found to normalize platelet aggregation in patients with type IIb HLP. In animals fenofibrate is excreted in equal amounts in the urine and faeces; in man, urinary excretion predominates (85-90%). The serum half-life curve is diphasic, with a rapid (5 hours) slope and a slow (17 hours) slope. In a 10-day study conducted on 10 volunteers serum levels of fenofibric acid remained remarkably constant, indicating lack of accumulation. New data on the mode of action are needed to further differentiate fenofibrate from clofibrate. PMID- 7208346 TI - Granulocytic progenitor cells (CFC) in a child with infantile genetic agranulocytosis (IGA) and in phenotypically normal parents. AB - Granulocytic progenitor cells (CFC) from the bone marrow of a child with infantile genetic agranulocytosis (IGA) were cultured twice in vitro, and the bone marrow colony-forming ability was found to be elevated. Nevertheless, when the colony-forming ability was considered in view of the differential marrow cell count and the level of circulating granulocytes, an ineffective granulopoiesis was suggested. In this patient, the blood culture showed a high number of circulating CFC. Bone marrow and blood CFC cultures were also done for the child's two parents, who were phenotypically normal and unquestionably blood related. The number of circulating CFC was low for the father and normal for the mother. The marrow colony-forming ability of both parents was greatly reduced at the time of two cultures. This fact could constitute a way to detect the risk of IGA in descendants of blood-related subjects. PMID- 7208347 TI - [The detection of beta-thalassemia minor (author's transl)]. AB - A statistical analysis was done on the levels of Hb A2 and Hb F in 1 340 normal subjects and 356 subjects heterozygous for beta-thalassemia. This study revealed that both groups had a normal distribution of Hb A2 and a gaussologarithmic distribution of Hb F. The plotted curves show an overlapping zone between the two populations. This area lies between 3.0% and 3.5% Hb A2 and between 0.2% and 1.0% Hb F. More than 97% of the heterozygotes for beta-thalassemia have a Hb A2 level situated outside the overlapping region, which permits diagnosis. Of the remaining 3%, only the "silent carriers" do not manifest the usual hematological characteristics of beta-thalassemia minor (hypochromia, microcytosis, diminished osmotic fragility, and erythrocytes with basophilic stippling). To diagnose this group it is necessary to determine globulin chain synthesis. This test is reserved for those subjects considered as "high risks." PMID- 7208348 TI - Polyamines in lymphomas: their value in disease staging and monitoring of therapy efficiency. AB - The urinary polyamines putrescine and spermindine were evaluated in a population of 49 patients with malignant lymphomas (40 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 9 with Hodgkin's disease). Analyses were performed on a regular basis during the course of treatment. Polyamine levels were found to increase significantly with the disease stage. Results show that: (a) polyamines closely reflect disease evolution (clinical deterioration/clinical improvement); (b) comparison of polyamine measurements effected 24 h prior to and 48 h after initiation of a chemotherapy course allows evaluation of the response to treatment. PMID- 7208349 TI - Some remarks on red cell shape and on surface and volume relationships. AB - Red cell (RBC) form is of interest for its own sake and for its role in characterizing physiologically altered and pathological cell types. RBC shape is also identified as one of the three principal factors enabling (and limiting) flow-induced cellular deformability processes. It has become common practice to discuss and analyze RBC form in terms of the ratio of the cell's surface area to its volume, and indeed to use the two concepts interchangeably. The inadequacy of the S/V ratio to serve this purpose is pointed out, a long with the qualitative and quantitative errors that it leads to, with cells of either very small size (as in iron-deficiency anemia) or large size (as in Addison's associated anemia). The substitution of a normalied, dimensionless, relative surface-to-volume function that can accurately quantitate this facet of form is necessary. The relationship between this function and other measures of form and "sphericity" are specified, and some applications of these functions to studies on cell form and deformability are indicated. PMID- 7208350 TI - [18th meeting of the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Study Group, Poitiers (France), 1 May 1980]. PMID- 7208351 TI - Compilation of tRNA sequences. PMID- 7208353 TI - The use of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers in cloning and sequencing segment of 8 influenza virus (A/PR/8/34). AB - Complete double-stranded DNA copies of the RNA genes of the human influenza virus A/PR/8/34 have been synthesized by using two synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers. The gene encoding the non-structural proteins NS1 and NS2, prepared with these primers, has been cloned into the bacteriophage M13mp7 and sequenced. The sequence is compared with that from another human strain and from an avian strain. PMID- 7208352 TI - Codon catalog usage is a genome strategy modulated for gene expressivity. AB - The nucleic acid sequence bank now contains 161 mRNAs, 43 new genes are added. One sequence, that of B. mori fibroin, is dropped due to uncertainty on the starting point for translation. Frequencies of all codons are given for each gene added and for each genome type in the total bank. A new series of correspondence analyses on codon use is presented, substantiating the genome hypothesis. Internal regulation of mRNA expression by different third base choices between quartet and duet codons is proposed for bacterial genes. PMID- 7208354 TI - Association of newly replicated DNA with the nuclear matrix of Physarum polycephalum. AB - We have studied the role of the nuclear matrix in DNA replication in a naturally synchronized eucaryote, Physarum polycephalum. When P. polycephalum. When P. polycephalum macroplasmodia were pulse labeled with 3H-thymidine, the DNA remaining tightly associated with the matrix was highly enriched in newly synthesized DNA. This enrichment was found both in nuclei that had just initiated DNA replication as well as in nuclei isolated later during S phase. Pulse chase experiments showed that the association of newly replicated DNA with the matrix is transient, since most of the newly replicated DNA could be chased from the matrix by incubating pulse labeled macroplasmodia in media containing unlabeled thymidine. Studies measuring the size distribution of the matrix DNA supported the hypothesis that replication forks are attached to the nuclear matrix. Reconstitution controls indicated that these results were unlikely to be due to preferential, nonspecific binding of nascent DNA to the matrix during the extraction procedures. These results with P. polycephalum in combination with previous studies in non-synchronized rodent cells, suggest that the association of newly replicated DNA with the nuclear matrix may be a general feature of eucaryotic DNA replication. PMID- 7208356 TI - Nucleosome dissociation at physiological ionic strengths. AB - Monomer nucleosomes purified on isokinetic sucrose gradients are shown to dissociate into component DNA and histones at physiological ionic strength upon dilution to a DNA concentration below 20 microgram/ml. The starting material is 11S, contains 145-190 BP DNA, and equimolar amounts of the four core histones with slightly less H1. Dilution of monomers in the presence of 0.14 M NaCl results in the rapid conversion of 10-40% of the 3H thymidine labeled material from 11S to 5S (5S is coincident with the S value of monomer length DNA). The proportion of nucleosomes which dissociate increases with increasing NaCl concentration between 0.15 M and 0.35 M and decreases with increasing DNA concentration above 1 microgram/ml. Recycling 11S monomers, which remain after dissociation, through a second dilution in salt generates an equivalent proportion of 5S material as seen after the initial dilution. Thus, the dissociation does not result from special properties of a subset of nucleosomes. An equilibrium between intact monomer and free DNA and histones appears to be rapidly established under the conditions described and the dissociated DNA will reassociate with histones to form 11S monomers if conditions of high DNA concentration and low ionic strength are established. PMID- 7208357 TI - [Radionuclide ventriculography as a special case of functional scintigraphy (author's transl)]. AB - Computer processed dynamic scintigraphy (CPDS) (Funktionsszintigraphie), as developed 15 years ago essentially in the German Cancer Research Center (Institute of Nuclear Medicine), Heidelberg, shows limitations with regard to temporal spatial resolution. Under fixed count rate conditions, temporal resolution can only be improved at the expense of spatial resolution. The adverse implications of this inverse relationship may be overcome by the use of trigger techniques, resulting in an improvement in statistical information. The strict application of principles as developed in CPDS in gated blood pool procedures leads to parametric scans (functional imaging) displaying optimal utilisation of available information and presentation of regional wall motion abnormalities. PMID- 7208355 TI - Transcriptional errors and ambiguity resulting from the presence of 1,N6 ethenoadenosine or 3,N4-ethenocytidine in polyribonucleotides. AB - 1,N6-Ethenoadenosine (epsilon A) and 3,N4-Ethenocytidine (epsilon C) in copolymers with unmodified nucleosides were transcribed using DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in the presence of Mn2+. Nearest neighbor analysis of the products showed that epsilon A directed incorporation of A much greater than U greater than C while epsilon C directed the incorporation of U greater than or equal to A much greater than C Neither directed G into the complementary polymer. Such misincorporations resulting from epsilon A and epsilon C, compounds that are formed in vivo by the carcinogen vinyl chloride, may have a biological role as promutagens. PMID- 7208358 TI - [Data acquisition techniques in functional heart scintigraphy. Advantages and disadvantages, Diagnostic significance (author's transl)]. AB - Although equilibrium gated blood pool scintigraphy has become a topic of utmost interest during the last few years, there are still considerable variations in the sequential scintigraphic methods used by different groups. In view of the fact that there seems to be a lack of detailed knowledge of the various available techniques of data acquisition, the respective methods are collated in order to consider their advantages and disadvantages. From this, the most commendable technique for the scintigraphic evaluation of left ventricular function is derived. PMID- 7208359 TI - Short-lived radionuclides for the assessment of rapid cardiovascular drug effects. AB - Continuous monitoring of cardiac output and sequential studies of right ventricular ejection fraction and of fractional myocardial uptake of substances with high cell affinity can be realized using 13N (t 1/2 = 9.6 min) and 81mKr (t 1/2 = 13 sec). Thus, it is possible to measure rapid changes of absolute myocardial blood flow and of the inotropic state of the right heart myocardium. This is shown in patients who underwent interventions with Dipyridamole and with Dobutamine which produce a marked increase in myocardial blood flow or cardiac dynamics, respectively. PMID- 7208360 TI - [Global and regional changes of cardiopulmonary blood volume under continuous work load (author's transl)]. AB - The present study describes a method for the continuous determination of global and regional stress-induced alterations of cardiopulmonary blood volumes in normals, trained athletes and patients with latent cardiac insufficiency. In contrast to normals and athletes there is an increase of the total cardiac blood volume in the cardiac patients. There are also significant differences in blood volume changes of the left lung between normals and athletes on the one hand and the cardiac patients on the other. The method is simple and non-hazardous; it permits the observation of the obviously different adaptation of the cardiopulmonary system during exercise in normals, athletes and cardiac patients. PMID- 7208362 TI - [Discriminant analysis in the quantitative evaluation of lung scintigrams (author's transl)]. AB - Lung scintigrams made with 99mTc-MAA in a group of patients and a control group were compared and classified by a discriminant analysis based on two regional methods and several parameters for quantitative characterisation of the regions. Improved results are gained by a regional division of the lung orientated in the pulmonary lobes and segments and by combining several parameters. PMID- 7208361 TI - [Bone scintigraphy in psoriasis (author's transl)]. AB - Since 1973 bone scintigraphy using 99mTc-phosphate-complexes was carried out in 382 patients with psoriasis. For comparison with the results of nuclear medicine, roentgenologic and clinical findings a group of 121 patients with psoriasis aged between 11 and 74 years was compared to a group of 42 patients aged between 20 and 49 years without roentgenologic and clinical signs of psoriatic arthritis. We found by means of isotope investigation that an essentially greater part of the bones adjacent to the joints was involved than was expected according to X-ray and clinical findings. In addition, in 205 patients with psoriasis whole-body scintigraphy, using 99mTc-MDP, was carried out sine 1977/78. In 17 patients we found an increased accumulation of activity in the region of extraarticular structures of the skull as well as of the skeletal thorax. According to these results we conclude that in addition to the clinically and roentgenologically defined psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis and osteopathy may exist, which can only be demonstrated by skeletal scintigraphy and which is localized in bones adjacent to the joints but can also be demonstrated in the region of extraarticular bones. PMID- 7208363 TI - The effect of repeated injections of 99mTc-antimony-sulphide colloid on the RES of the rat--histopathologic study. AB - Experiments on inbred albino rats were performed to test the effect of repeated administrations of 99mTc-antimony sulphide colloid on the integrity of the RES. Experiments were carried out in two batches, one with the preformed colloid given in increasing doses, and the other with the labelled colloid in increasing doses. In all, 9 groups of animals including a control group were tested. Studies included: organ weights of liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys, histopathology, contact macroautoradiography, microautoradiography and 99mTc activity distribution in organs. Results showed no macroscopic or microscopic evidence of tissue damage after repeated injections up to a total dose of 18 mCi 99mTc, 142.2 mg PVP, and 693 microgram Sb, given in 9 equivalent doses at one week intervals. It is concluded that repeated administrations of 99mTc-antimony sulphide colloid for liver scintigraphy are safe. PMID- 7208364 TI - [BCG vaccine in the immunotherapy of leukemia]. PMID- 7208365 TI - [Clinical course of myocardial infarct in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7208366 TI - [Blood serum salicylate concentration and platelet aggregation after administration of acetylsalicylic acid]. PMID- 7208367 TI - [Venous blood histamine level during aspirin-induced bronchial spasm]. PMID- 7208368 TI - [Exocrine function of the pancreas in chronic liver diseases. I. Water and bicarbonate secretion]. PMID- 7208369 TI - [Correction of deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor in angioneurotic edema with oxymetholone]. PMID- 7208370 TI - [Pharmacology of sodium nitroprusside]. PMID- 7208371 TI - [Blood serum electrolyte content in pigs during general anesthesia induced by administration of chloral hydrate, nembutal, eunarcon and brevinarcon]. AB - Sixty pigs were used for the study. The animals were divided into 5 groups, 12 pigs in each. The following substances were administered intravenously in the individual groups: I -- 20 ml of physiological solution NaCl (placebo, II -- chloral hydrate (10% solution), III -- Nembutal, IV -- Eunarcon, V -- Brevinarcon (10% solution). Blood was collected from the anterior vena cava after 1 hour and after 1, 3 and 7 days since the moment of administration of physiological saline (group I), or since the appearance of general anaesthesia (groups II-V). Determinations in blood serum concerned: Na, K and Ca -- with the use of a flame photometer, Mg -- by the method of Lange, Cl -- by the method of Schales and Schales, inorganic phosphorus -- by the Fiske-Subbarow method. The results were analysed statistically by determining the mean, the standard deviation and the significance of variations according to the t Student test (risk of error -- 5%). The results obtained in groups II-V were compared with the corresponding results from group I. It was found that chloral hydrate, Nembutal, Eunarcon and Brevinarcon, used to produce general anaesthesia in healthy pigs (not operated upon) produce a decrease in the sodium and potassium content, an increase in the magnesium and inorganic phosphorus content, and slight changes in the calcium and chlorine content. The greatest and most prolonged deviations were found after chloral hydrate and Nembutal the slightest after Brevinarcon. Eunarcon produced short-lived changes, but greater than after Brevinarcon. These changes in the level of electrolytes in serum should be attributed to disturbances of respiration (respiratory acidosis), and to decreased activity of muscles during anaesthesia in pigs. PMID- 7208372 TI - Observation on flock immunity to Newcastle disease after routine vaccination and experimental aerosol vaccination. AB - Serological responses in groups of chicks either routinely or experimentally vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccines via various routes were compared by the micro method of HI test. The lowest serological response to vaccination was found in those groups which had been routinely vaccinated with LaSota strain in drinking water, but a better response was observed in the farm with improved environmental conditions and lower maternal antibody level. Antibody titers in experimentally vaccinated groups were higher than those of routinely vaccinated groups, and the highest antibody response was obtained by aerosol vaccination. PMID- 7208373 TI - [Concentration of ions of selected trace elements in the ejaculates of boars after interruption of the flow of the secretion from the testes, epididymis and accessory sexual glands]. AB - The investigations were carried out on 6 boars aged from 10 to 12 months. Before operation, 5 ejaculates were collected from each animal. In the second stage of the investigations, the boars were subjected to the following procedures: the deferent ducts were cut and ligated, and the bulbo-urethral glands and vesicular glands were removed. Four to 28 ejaculates were collected after each operation. The ejaculates obtained at the individual stages of the experiments were subjected to the following tests: introductory assessment, concentration and morphology of spermatozoa, and biochemical investigations concerning the concentration of Mn, Co, Cd, Fe, Cr, Ni, Sr, Ag and Li. The authors proved that the secretions from the individual segments of the reproductive organ of the boar are different in respect of their biochemical composition. The secretion of the testicles and epididymides determines the concentration of Mn, Cd and Cr in the ejaculate of the animals. The level of Mn and Fe seems to be largely influenced by the secretion from the vesicular glands and deferent ducts. The secretion of the prostate and urethral glands is responsible for the level of Cr and Ni in semen plasma, and also for the concentration of Mn, Ca and Fe. The concentration of Fe in the semen of boars distinctly depends on the presence of spermatozoa and of the secretion of the bulbo-urethral glands. The AAS method failed to detect traces of Ag and Li in the ejaculates of these boars; Co was present in vestigial amounts only. PMID- 7208374 TI - [Structure and topography of nucleus dorsalis in the spinal cord of horses]. AB - The material for the study was taken from 2 spinal cords of sexually mature horses. Preparations obtained from this material were stained according to Nissl and with the use of cresyl violet. The nucleus dorsalis of the horse extends from the 8th cervical neuromere to the 3rd lumbar neuromere of the spinal cord. The cells which form this nucleus lie in the grey matter of the spinal cord, dorsolaterally of the central canal. The nucleus dorsalis is made out of large and medium-size round and oval cells. The characteristic feature of the structure and configuration of this nucleus in the horse is the occurrence of numerous discontinuities over a considerable part of its length. The nucleus is continuous only over a short distance contained between Th17 and 2/3 of the anterior L2. The nucleus dorsalis shows great variation with regard to the number of cells which form it in the individual neuromeres of the spinal cord. In this respect, the best developed segment of the nucleus in the horse is contained between Th17 and L2. PMID- 7208375 TI - [HBs antigenemia in children with various hematologic syndromes and its effect on the course of these diseases]. PMID- 7208376 TI - [Effect of smoking on blood serum concentration of total cholesterol and cholesterol of lipoprotein fractions]. PMID- 7208377 TI - [Effect of neoplasms of the internal organs on the development of skin changes regarding their mutual relationship]. PMID- 7208378 TI - [Blood viscosity in pneumonia and acute respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 7208379 TI - [Adverse effects of penicillins in Poland]. PMID- 7208380 TI - [Anterior pituitary lobe insufficiency and diabetes--Houssay's syndrome--in a 56 year-old man]. PMID- 7208381 TI - [Case of bilateral retinoblastoma cured by enucleation of both eyeballs]. PMID- 7208383 TI - [Evaluation of coronary reserve in systemic lupus erythematosus by means of transesophageal left-atrial stimulation]. PMID- 7208382 TI - [Scintigraphic examination of the adrenal glands]. PMID- 7208384 TI - [Malignant lymphoma and other non-epithelial gastric neoplasms]. PMID- 7208385 TI - [Evaluation of hearing in patients treated with gentamicin]. PMID- 7208386 TI - [Blood serum concentrations of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyrotropin and their diagnostic significance in cases of autonomic "warm" thyroid nodules]. PMID- 7208388 TI - [Case of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 7208387 TI - [Post-traumatic recurrent cerebrospinal meningitis in a 13-year-old boy]. PMID- 7208389 TI - [Platelet aggregation, circulating platelet aggregates and heparin-thrombin time in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7208390 TI - [Prognostic value of positive maximal exercise test in men without clinical evidence of coronary disease. 3-year observations]. PMID- 7208391 TI - [Differential-diagnostic difficulties in spinal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7208392 TI - [Case of eye injury by rays emitted by a neodymium glass laser in a pulse system]. PMID- 7208393 TI - [Allogeneic preserved tracheal transplants in reconstructive operations on the tracheobronchial tree]. PMID- 7208394 TI - [Model of eukaryotic ribosome]. PMID- 7208395 TI - Home oxygen therapy for COPD: practical aspects. AB - Numerous studies have indicated that home oxygen therapy is safe and practical. In advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), continuous oxygen therapy results in a higher survival rate than does administration of oxygen 12 hr/day. Practical oxygen systems are available. Thus, oxygen therapy is now established care for selected patients with advanced COPD. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of oxygen therapy to combat the possible effects of transient hypoxemia in patients with COPD during sleep or exercise. COPD necessitates a preventive approach, including behavioral change if possible. Early identification by simple office spirometry and aggressive treatment designed to prevent or forestall complications of advanced disease are the next logical steps in developing a systematic, comprehensive approach aimed at the ultimate conquest of COPD in the next decade. PMID- 7208396 TI - Spirometry in clinical practice. AB - The practicality of office spirometry has been established. Two basic parameters can be quickly and accurately measured in the physician's office or clinic: forced vital capacity (FVC) as a test of volume, indicative of restrictive lung disease, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) as a test of flow, indicative of obstructive lung disease. The ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC%) is a valuable screening tool. Test results are compared with normal values, and abnormalities must be interpreted in the context of the individual patient's history and condition. Office spirometry provides a simple, noninvasive, inexpensive tool for assessing and managing respiratory disease. PMID- 7208397 TI - Etiologic diagnosis of acute pneumonia in adults: a growing challenge. AB - For most pneumonia patients, an etiologic diagnosis can be established by proper use of noninvasive methods. Cultures of blood and pleural fluid and serologic titers are the most specific. The clinical history is helpful in distinguishing community- from hospital-acquired pneumonia and in identifying patients who are immunosuppressed or aspiration prone. When noninvasive diagnostic means and initial antibiotic therapy fail, the physician must choose between further empiric treatment and an invasive procedure with its attendant risks. For seriously ill and immunosuppressed patients, the need for an etiologic diagnosis is usually sufficient to justify these risks. The need for invasive diagnostic procedures is likely to increase in the future, necessitating greater knowledge of the relative risks and merits of each procedure on the part of all physicians who treat patients with pneumonia. PMID- 7208398 TI - Blood transfusion therapy. AB - Packed RBCs are specifically indicated for correction of chronic anemia and should be used along with volume expanders and whole blood in acute blood-loss anemia. Packed cells have many advantages over whole blood, not the least of which is that their use frees other blood components for use in other patients. Granulocytes may be beneficial in patients with antibiotic-resistant infection, and platelets in those with leukemia or any of a number of other causes of thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7208399 TI - Death and dying: a team approach to care. PMID- 7208400 TI - Upper airway obstruction in children. PMID- 7208401 TI - Alcoholic hepatitis: update on recognition and management. AB - Alcohol consumption can cause fatty infiltration of the liver and more serious liver disorders such as alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The primary care physician familiar with the signs and symptoms can quickly institute corrective and sometimes lifesaving measures in affected patients. Management consists of detoxification, alcoholism rehabilitation, nutritional repletion, and treatment for any complications of the liver disease. In addition, several drugs now under study offer promising new approaches to treatment. PMID- 7208402 TI - Contemporary techniques of hair replacement. AB - For the bald patient who is not satisfied with a hairpiece, various surgical techniques of hair replacement provide good results with minimal side effects. The punch autograft technique, in which hair is taken from the lateral portions of the scalp, is most widely used. If this technique is not adequate in a case of extensive baldness, it can be augmented by surgical resection of tissue from the bald site or by fashioning of flaps from hair-bearing areas. In all of these techniques, design of the frontal area to provide a natural appearance is of primary importance. PMID- 7208403 TI - Cerebral vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Cerebral vasospasm is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. With improvement in surgical techniques and perioperative care, the results in neurologically intact patients are generally satisfactory. However, cerebral vasospasm remains a major problem in the successful management of neurologically deteriorating patients. Until the pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm is clarified, a reliable treatment regimen will remain elusive and the overall outlook for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage will remain limited. PMID- 7208404 TI - Artifacts simulating serious ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 7208405 TI - [Unusual pulmonary complication of mucoviscidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208406 TI - [Pseudo-tumours of the airways as seen in the bronchoscope and bronchofibroscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208407 TI - [Papain-induced asthma; incidence and pathogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208408 TI - [Theophylline therapy in obstructive respiratory diseases. 1. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of various theophylline preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208409 TI - [Hyposensitization with tyrosine-allergoids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208410 TI - [Exposure to tar of Austrian cigarette smokers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208411 TI - [The tine tuberculin test under clinical scrutiny (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208412 TI - [Tussography for objectifying the Severity of tussive complaints (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208413 TI - [Pulmonary aerosol distribution pattern and its relation to lung function in small airways disease]. PMID- 7208414 TI - [Tuberculosis in the Canton of Zurich 1979--66% of cases arise in previously healthy people with chest radiographs suggestive of inactive tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208415 TI - [The quinidine-digoxin interaction (a review of the literature) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208416 TI - [Case report from practice]. PMID- 7208417 TI - [Reliability and standardization of hormone determinations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208418 TI - [Thromboplastin time. Standardization attempts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208419 TI - [Standardization of enzyme-determination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208421 TI - [International standardization efforts in clinical chemistry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208420 TI - [Standardization in pathology (morbid anatomy) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208422 TI - [The rehabilitation of stroke patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208423 TI - [Psychosocial factors in rehabilitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208424 TI - [Male impotence]. PMID- 7208425 TI - [Nephro- and ototoxicity of aminoglycoside-antibiotics, with special reference to gentamicin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208426 TI - [A series of entire spine examinations in the preparatory school of Naters, Switzerland, in the period of 1977/78 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208427 TI - [Disease as an attempt at self-healing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208428 TI - [Encephalitis, liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208429 TI - [Thysanoptera/thrips (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208430 TI - [Can we do without the bromsulphthalein-(BSP-)test in diagnosis of liver disease? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208431 TI - [Some remarks about malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208432 TI - ["The great misery" of breast cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208433 TI - Salicylate-arthropathy. Accelerated coxarthrosis during long-term treatment with acetylsalicylic acid. PMID- 7208434 TI - [Pathohistological diagnosis of the tissue forms of endemic mycoses]. PMID- 7208435 TI - [Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis of odontogenic jaw cysts]. PMID- 7208436 TI - [Prognostic index in malignant melanoma. A better method to determine metastasis risk]. PMID- 7208437 TI - [Histological criteria for the prognosis of malignant struma]. PMID- 7208438 TI - [The Boerhaave syndrome]. PMID- 7208439 TI - An electron microscopic study of histiotrophe in the interareolar part of the porcine placenta. AB - Placentae from nine sows covering gestational stages from 33 to 112 days were examined by light and electron microscopy. Deeply stainable electron-dense histiotrophe was demonstrated in the interareolar placenta. Focal accumulations of cell debris with profiles of organelles were demonstrated in the intermicrovillous space between uterine epithelium and trophoblast. In addition, small expansions of amorphous histiotrophe were found between the microvilli. Furthermore, histiotrophe with profiles of cytomembranes was shown in intercellular spaces in columnar trophoblast between the microvillar border and tight junctions. Dense bodies were demonstrated in the uterine epithelium, and endocytic vesicles and branched tubular structures with dense contents were found in the columnar trophoblast. It is concluded that focal accumulations of cell debris are derived from degenerating epithelial cells in the endometrium and chorion, and that amorphous histiotrophe arises by secretory activity of uterine epithelium. It is further concluded that the histiotrophe is absorbed by columnar trophoblast of the chorionic fossae. PMID- 7208440 TI - Amniotic epithelium in rhesus incompatibility: light and electron microscopic examination. AB - Human amniotic epithelium from patients with normal pregnancy (normal amniotic epithelium) and from patients with materno-fetal rhesus incompatibility has been examined under the light and electron microscope. In comparison with normal amniotic epithelium, the epithelium in rhesus incompatibility displays the following morphological changes: 1. Unequal distribution and variable shape of the plump microvilli 2. Considerable narrowing of the intercellular spaces 3. Vacuolization of the cytoplasm 4. Absence of glycogen granules 5. Thickening of the basal membrane. There is a direct correlation between the morphological changes in the amniotic epithelium and the severity of the disease. Since rhesus factors are present only in erythrocytes, it is probably that these changes are not based on a direct immune conflict. On the contrary, they are more likely due to fetal hypoxia and to the cytotoxic effect of unbound, unconjugated bilirubin in the amniotic fluid. PMID- 7208442 TI - Memorial Hospital Registry of population groups at high risk for cancer of the large intestine: age of onset of neoplasms. PMID- 7208441 TI - A study of placental villi in extrauterine gestation: a guide to the frequency of blighted ova. AB - Material from 329 tubal pregnancies has been examined histologically. In addition, the villous content of glucosaminoglycans was studied. Depending on the degree of the morphological changes three groups can be differentiated: "abortion in association with normal placental findings", "suspicion of blighted ova", and "blighted ova". In the first group (35 cases, 10.64 per cent) there were distinct differences in the morphological picture in contrast to the normal abortion of intrauterine origin; that is, differing size of chorionic villi, the presence of isolated molar villi and proliferative changes in the epithelium. A normal morphological villous pattern was extremely rare. The second group (146 cases, 44.41 per cent) showed all the morphological signs of transition to blighted ova. Most villi were well-vascularized but there were more molar villi, and proliferative and degenerative changes were seen in the epithelium. Group three (132 cases, 40.19 per cent) showed the full picture of a blighted ova. The morphological pattern of the extrauterine blighted ova was similar to that seen in the blighted ova of intrauterine origin, the only difference being that the vascularization of the villi was more pronounced in blighted ova of tubal pregnancies. Glucosaminoglycans were non-uniformly distributed over the villous stroma in the case of blighted ova, and they were present in greater concentration than in the case of abortions with normal placental findings: this is a useful method for differentiating abortions from blighted ova. It is apparent from the results of this investigation that the proportion of blighted ova is substantially greater in extrauterine than in intrauterine pregnancies. This suggests that unfavourable conditions of nidation within the tube have a decisive influence upon the genesis of blighted ova. Furthermore, the unfavourable environment appears adversely to influence trophoblastic development. PMID- 7208443 TI - Colon carcinogenesis and the role of dehydrogenase enzyme activity: inhibition of tumorigenesis by pyrazole. PMID- 7208444 TI - Future perspectives for studies on the inhibition of carcinogenesis and their relationship to the prevention of human cancer. PMID- 7208445 TI - The "Know Your Body" program: a developmental approach to health education and disease prevention. PMID- 7208446 TI - Women's smoking trends and awareness of health risk. PMID- 7208447 TI - Factors related to the use of cancer early detection techniques. PMID- 7208448 TI - The effect of breast self-exam practices and physician examinations on extent of disease at diagnosis. PMID- 7208449 TI - [Circulatory system changes induced by the transfusion treatment of burn shock in children]. PMID- 7208450 TI - [Lactasol infusions in the treatment complex in burn shock]. PMID- 7208451 TI - [Potentials and prospects for blood autotransfusion in the surgical treatment of deep burns]. PMID- 7208453 TI - [Use of large doses of cryopreserved erythrocytes in treating anemia in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7208452 TI - [Extent of infusion and transfusion therapy with burn patients and the treatment outcome]. PMID- 7208454 TI - [Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of the massive transfusion syndrome]. PMID- 7208455 TI - [Protein fractions after a homologous blood transfusion and their physiological activity]. PMID- 7208456 TI - [Toxicological study of dextrafer]. PMID- 7208457 TI - [Transfusion therapy and the ways of increasing its effectiveness in burn patients in the acute period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208458 TI - [Effect of myelokaryocytapheresis on the body of the donor]. PMID- 7208459 TI - [Infusion and transfusion therapy of burn shock]. PMID- 7208460 TI - [Importance of the immunocytoadherence test in the diagnosis of respiratory organ tuberculosis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7208461 TI - [Thoracic surgery in curing children and adolescents suffering from tuberculosis and other respiratory organ diseases]. PMID- 7208462 TI - [Outcome of the surgical treatment of children with tubercular foci near the hip joint]. PMID- 7208463 TI - [Stomach functions in pulmonary tuberculosis patients over 50]. PMID- 7208464 TI - [Endoscopic picture of bronchial tuberculosis in silicotuberculosis]. PMID- 7208465 TI - [Significance of respiratory viral infections in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7208466 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical manifestation of dental caries in pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 7208467 TI - [Effect of ultrasound on the blood circulation in renal tuberculosis patients with nephrogenic arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7208468 TI - [Problems of the optimal duration of chemotherapy in newly detected destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7208469 TI - [Development of fibroplastic processes during various methods of treating experimental cavernous tuberculosis of the single kidney]. PMID- 7208470 TI - [Amyloidosis in the current clinical picture of tuberculosis and other respiratory organ diseases]. PMID- 7208471 TI - [Clinical aspects of combined diabetes mellitus and pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7208472 TI - [Case of a supernumerary lung erroneously assessed as tuberculous bronchoadenitis]. PMID- 7208473 TI - Lactation, pregnancy and metabolic disorder in the ruminant. PMID- 7208474 TI - The synthesis of models to describe metabolism and its integration. PMID- 7208475 TI - New approaches to safety screening. PMID- 7208476 TI - Regulation of blood flow to respiratory muscles during hypoxia and hypercapnia. PMID- 7208477 TI - Changes in plasma lipids and lipolytic activity during recovery from exercise of untrained rats. PMID- 7208478 TI - Binding of vitamin E in mammalian tumor cells in culture. PMID- 7208479 TI - Design of parenteral magnesium load tests in weanling and young adult rats. PMID- 7208480 TI - Intrarenal hemodynamics in nonfiltering, filtering, and compensated kidneys. PMID- 7208481 TI - Antifertility activity of DMA in hamsters: protection with a luteotropic complex. PMID- 7208482 TI - The influence of estrogen administration on plasma prolactin levels in the neonatally androgenized (NA) female rat. PMID- 7208483 TI - Effects of organ preservation on the transport of RNA from the nucleus. PMID- 7208484 TI - Influence of dietary selenium and vitamin E on the humoral immune response of the chick. PMID- 7208485 TI - Comparative litter and reproduction characteristics of mouse populations for 82 generations of X-irradiated male progenitors. PMID- 7208486 TI - Inhibition of mononuclear phagocyte elongation, migration, and cellular exudate formation following Bordetella pertussis vaccine administration. PMID- 7208487 TI - Splenic origin of early-labeled bilirubin in rats exposed to high altitude. PMID- 7208488 TI - Puberty onset in males and females fed a high fat diet. PMID- 7208489 TI - Inhibition of ellagic acid-activated Hageman factor (factor XII) and Hageman factor fragments by popcorn inhibitor. PMID- 7208490 TI - Effect of specific estrogens on prostaglandin synthesis in aorta and thrombocytes of female pigeons. PMID- 7208492 TI - Evidence for a role of arachidonic acid in glucocorticoid-induced cleft palate in rats. PMID- 7208491 TI - Copper deficiency and elastin metabolism in avian lung. PMID- 7208493 TI - Hypertension decreases replication potential of arterial smooth muscle cells: aortic coarctation in humans as a model. PMID- 7208494 TI - Increased gastrointestinal motility in vitro following chronic estrogen treatment in male rats. PMID- 7208495 TI - Comparative antihypertensive effects of a diuretic, reserpine, and hydralazine in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 7208496 TI - Carbenoxolone sodium protects rat gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced necrosis. PMID- 7208497 TI - Inhibition of programmed cell death in the fetal palate by cortisol. PMID- 7208498 TI - Splanchnic vascular effects of pharmacologic doses of oxytocin in the canine. PMID- 7208499 TI - Effect of cell geometry, internal viscosity, and pH on erythrocyte filterability. PMID- 7208500 TI - L fibroblast phospholipid acyl group composition and triacylglycerol levels: response to continuous fatty acid infusion. PMID- 7208501 TI - The measurement of calcium-regulating hormones in clinical medicine. AB - Assays of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone are clinically useful in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemic states and in the assessment of the severity of parathyroid bone disease in uraemic patients. Serum immunoreactive calcitonin measurements are essential in the investigation of individuals who might be suffering from medullary carcinoma and may be used in the detection of metastases. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays should be performed in patients receiving pharmacological doses of vitamin D to monitor patient compliance and to prevent the occurrence of vitamin D intoxication. Low values in patients with renal failure and in patients with malabsorption are highly suggestive of the presence of osteomalacia. The measurement of serum levels of dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites is currently of doubtful relevance though such measurements may become useful in monitoring patients receiving these compounds therapeutically. PMID- 7208502 TI - Quantitative bone histology in end-stage renal failure. AB - Bone biopsies from 37 haemodialysis patients were embedded in a methyl methacrylate:hydroxyethylmethacrylate mixture and consecutive sections taken for: (1) acid phosphatase activity (osteoclasts), (2) pyronin stain for RNA (osteoblasts), and (3) fluorescence for tetracycline. Images of the three sections were traced using a camera lucida and the tracing quantitated with a digitiser. Osteomalacia (OM) was diagnosed by increased osteoid with decreased tetracycline and hyperparathyroidism (HPT) by an increased osteoclast count. OM was present in 8 patients, HPT in 11, OM + HPT in 16, and no disease in 2. Biochemistry could not predict the histology. Histologically, though HPT could be satisfactorily diagnosed, problems still remain in the definition of OM, particularly when combined with HPT. PMID- 7208503 TI - The pathogenesis of metastatic calcification in uraemia. PMID- 7208504 TI - Azotemic osteodystrophy - indications for intervention. AB - Because the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to azotemic osteodystrophy are incompletely understood, prophylactic and therapeutic intervention must necessarily be less than satisfactory. There is no proof that prophylactic measures, e.g. phosphate binders and vitamin D (metabolites) are beneficial in incipient renal failure but measures to prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism appear reasonable. In advanced renal failure, oral phosphate binders, administration of calcium salts and vitamin D (metabolites) are effective in returning serum chemistry towards normal, but considerably less effective in restoring normal bone histology. Hemodialysis, using adequate calcium concentrations in the dialysate, permits one to normalize predialytic calcium and phosphorus levels, and maintain calcium balance in the majority of patients. Hemodialysis does not, however, prevent hyperparathyroidism and the various types of metabolic bone disease. Symptomatic azotemic osteodystrophy increases in frequency and severity with increasing duration of dialysis. While osteitis fibrosa responds favorably to vitamin D and several vitamin D metabolites, osteomalacia is considerably less responsive. It remains unknown whether this is due to low bone turnover, absence of some crucial unknown vitamin D metabolite, or involvement of non-vitamin D-related factors. Parathyroidectomy for uncontrollable hyperparathyroidism is required only in a minority of patients. PMID- 7208505 TI - Age-related differences in the long-term responses of systemic flow and resistance to mineralocorticoid excess in man. PMID- 7208506 TI - Study of noradrenaline uptake and spillover to plasma in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension. AB - Noradrenaline uptake was studied in normal subjects, and in patients with essential hypertension. Uptake of noradrenaline by blood platelets was low affinity in type. Platelets do not provide a satisfactory in vitro model of neuronal noradrenaline uptake. Study of disappearance of tritiated noradrenaline from the circulation was more helpful. Plasma disappearance was biexponential. The rapid removal component was slowed if neuronal noradrenaline uptake was reduced, either by desipramine in normal subjects, or in patients with idiopathic peripheral autonomic insufficiency, who have sympathetic nerve dysfunction. The t1 1/2 similarly was prolonged in a proportion of patients with essential hypertension, providing presumptive evidence of a defect in neuronal noradrenaline uptake. Spillover of endogenous noradrenaline to plasma, of transmitter escaping uptake after release, and plasma noradrenaline concentration, were increased in these patients. Defective neuronal uptake of noradrenaline, by exposing adrenergic receptors to high local transmitter concentration, may be important in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in some patients. PMID- 7208507 TI - Effect of sampling site and conditions on plasma levels of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine. AB - Levels of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine were measured simultaneously from different sites, during stimulation and during noradrenaline infusion. Levels of the three catecholamines were similar in low inferior vena cava and a forearm vein. The ratio between adrenal venous and peripheral levels averaged 49:1 for adrenaline but only 4:1 for noradrenaline, consistent with other significant sources for noradrenaline apart from the adrenal. Levels of dopamine were only slightly higher in adrenal venous blood, consistent with the adrenal being a minor source in these subjects. Forearm arteriovenous differences for adrenaline and noradrenaline demonstrated significant removal of these amines across this vascular bed. To monitor sympathetic responses, venous noradrenaline appears satisfactory, but venous adrenaline would miss responses detected by arterial levels. Sympathetic responses were not reflected by changes in either arterial or venous dopamine. PMID- 7208508 TI - A vaccine strain of Pasteurella multocida obtained by mutagenesis. AB - A virulent avian septicemia strain of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) serotype 1 was mutagenized with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso guanidine. A selection procedure was devised to isolate mutants with changed growth properties. Mutants were isolated that had either prolonged doubling time or temperature sensitivity for growth at 41 degrees C. A correlation was observed between growth properties in vitro and multiplication in vivo. Mutants defective in growth were avirulent. A positive correlation was observed between the rates of multiplication of mutant strains in vitro and their ability to protect against heterologous challenge. PMID- 7208509 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine: current progress and strategies for utilization. PMID- 7208510 TI - The extended horizons of Rift Valley fever: current and projected immunogens. PMID- 7208511 TI - Antiviral antibodies obtained with aqueous solution of a synthetic antigen. PMID- 7208512 TI - Liposomes as vehicles for vaccines. AB - Lipid A from Shigella flexneri LPS, or acylated derivatives of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), were incorporated into the lipid bilayer of liposomes to enhance the adjuvanticity of the liposomes in rabbits. Liposomes containing lipid A induced antibodies against lipid A, phosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin. Lipid A was resolved into eight fractions, some of which did, and others of which did not, induce antibodies against liposomes. Anti-liposome antibodies also were induced (in the absence of liposomes) by complete Freund's adjuvant, and by acid treated bacterial cells coated with lipid A, but were not induced either by lipid A or liposomes alone, or by liposomes containing acylated MDP. We tested the liposomes for the ability to enhance the immunogenicity of a protein antigen. The antigen consisted of liposomes having acylated MDP and ganglioside GM1 (the receptor for cholera toxin, or CT) in the lipid membrane, and CT bound to the outer surface of the liposomes. The liposomal antigen (having surface-bound CT) produced a much greater anti-CT titer than that obtained by injection of CT alone. We conclude that liposomes containing only phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and dicetyl phosphate are poorly immunogenic, but that antibodies against them can be induced by inclusion of lipid A. Liposomes that are appropriately formulated can strongly enhance the immunogenicity of a liposome-bound protein antigen. PMID- 7208513 TI - Cloning of human neuroblastoma cells in soft agar. PMID- 7208514 TI - Initial experience with the human tumor stem cell assay system: potential and problems. PMID- 7208515 TI - Variables in the demonstration of human tumor clonogenicity: cell interactions and semi-solid support. PMID- 7208516 TI - In vitro clonogenicity of primary human tumor cells: quantitation and relationship to tumor stem cells. PMID- 7208517 TI - Cell kinetic analysis of human tumor stem cells. AB - The application of the tumor stem cell assay to the study of human tumor cell kinetics has the potential for major advances in our knowledge of proliferative characteristics of clonogenic human tumor cells. From simultaneous evaluation of in vitro drug sensitivity, in vitro doubling time, and the thymidine suicide index, plus flow cytometry, cytogenetic analysis, and assessment of differentiation markers, substantial insights into the basic biology of tumor cell growth may be attained. As discussed in other chapters, using modifications of the two-layer system, one can assess both local cell-mediated and humoral factors that might influence in vitro kinetics and drug sensitivity. The next few years should see the acquisition and integration of valuable new information that should allow more rational approaches to the treatment of tumors by taking full advantage of information on both kinetics and drug sensitivity of clonogenic human tumor cells. PMID- 7208518 TI - Development of a bioassay for human myeloma colony-forming cells. AB - This chapter outlines our development of an in vitro soft agar assay for detection of human myeloma colony-forming cells. Growth was induced with either 0.02 ml of human type O erythrocytes or 0.25 ml of medium conditioned by the adherent spleen cells of mineral-oil-primed BALB/c mice. A maximum plating efficiency of 0.1% was obtained. The number of myeloma colonies was proportional to the number of cells plated between concentrations of 105--106/ml. Morphological, histochemical, and functional criteria showed the colonies to consist of immature plasmablasts and mature plasma cells. 60%--80% of cells picked from colonies contained intracytoplasmic monoclonal immunoglobulin. Tritiated thymidine suicide studies provided evidence that for most myeloma patients, a very high proportion of myeloma colony-forming cells were actively in transit through the cell cycle. Using biophysical and immunologic studies, we were able to further characterize myeloma stem cells and obtain partial enrichment of the colony-forming cells. Increased numbers of myeloma colonies were seen when the marrow was depleted of CSF, elaborating adherent cells before plating. Antibody to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, which did inhibit granulocyte colony formation, did not reduce the number or size of the myeloma colonies. This bioassay has subsequently served as the basis for studies of in vitro biological behavior of multiple myeloma, and for measurement of drug sensitivity. The general methodology which we first developed for myeloma appears to have general applicability not only to monoclonal plasma cell disorders, but also to many other tumor types as well. Detailed biological studies and analysis of culture conditions (similar to those we have carried out in myeloma) will no doubt prove important in understanding the biology and drug sensitivity of various forms of human cancer. PMID- 7208519 TI - Human ovarian cancer colony formation: growth from malignant washings and pharmacologic applications. PMID- 7208520 TI - Chemosensitivity testing for human brain tumors. AB - A method for analyzing clonogenic cells is described. Single cells obtained from biopsies of ten malignant gliomas were treated with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-l nitrosourea (BCNU) in vitro, and tumor cell survival was compared to patient response to nitrosourea therapy. There was a direct correlation between cell sensitivity to nitrosourea and patient response to nitrosourea therapy. The limitations of in vitro and in situ methods and their interpretations are discussed. In addition, an improved method is described for disaggregating single cells from specimens of solid tumor with the use of an enzyme cocktail consisting of pronase, collagenase, and DNAse. PMID- 7208521 TI - Cloning of Human tumor stem cells: background and overview. PMID- 7208522 TI - Perspectives on future directions. PMID- 7208523 TI - Standard laboratory procedures for in vitro assay of human tumor stem cells. PMID- 7208524 TI - An enzymatic method for the disaggregation of human solid tumors for studies of clonogenicity and biochemical determinants of drug action. PMID- 7208525 TI - Tabular summary of pharmacokinetic parameters relevant to in vitro drug assay. PMID- 7208526 TI - Soft-agar cloning of cells from patients with lymphoma. AB - Growth of cells from patients with lymphoma was promoted by feeder layers containing medium conditioned by adherent spleen cells of mineral-oil-primed BALB/c mice or by cells from a human B lymphocyte line (RPMI 1788). Sixty-five patients with all histologic types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were studied. Lymphoid colony growth was obtained in 61% of bone marrows and 50% of lymph nodes histologically involved by lymphocytic lymphoma. Conversely, colony growth was observed in only a single instance from 49 bone marrows without overt lymphoma and was not observed in cultures of normal lymph nodes, spleens, bone marrows, peripheral blood, or thymuses. Colonies appeared within four days of plating and reached peak size in 7--10 days. Plating efficiency ranged from 0.001% to 0.1%. Morphological, histochemical, and immunological studies of cells from the colonies identified them as lymphoid, and sufficient evidence is available to designate the colony-forming units as putative lymphoma stem cells. PMID- 7208527 TI - Development of a bioassay for ovarian carcinoma colony-forming cells. AB - We have reviewed the application of our in vitro assay for human tumor stem cells to the cloning of human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells in soft agar. Tumor colonies grew from both effusions and biopsies from 85% of more than 100 ovarian cancer patients tested. Up to 2,000 colonies appeared after 10 to 14 days in culture, yielding a maximum plating efficiency of 1%. Cells from nonmalignant effusions did not form colonies under these conditions. The number of tumor colonies was proportional to the number of cells plated between concentrations of 104 to 106 cells/dish. Morphological and histochemical criteria showed that the colonies consisted of cells with the same characteristics as those of the original tumor. H3Tdr suicide colony-forming cells were actively in transient through the cell cycle. Removal of phagocytic cells with carbonyl iron markedly reduced the plating efficiency, and 2-mercaptoethanol could only partially substitute for macrophages. Spleen cell-conditioned medium from oil-primed BALB/c mice was not required. Endogenous macrophages within the tumor may provide the conditioning factor or factors required for in vitro growth. Thus, this assay is proving extremely useful for studying the biology and drug sensitivity of human ovarian cancer. PMID- 7208528 TI - Soft agar-methylcellulose assay for human bladder carcinoma. PMID- 7208529 TI - Human melanoma colony formation in soft agar. AB - Human malignant melanoma can form tumor colonies in soft agar, and at least two major morphological variants can be identified. Host cells play an important role in human melanoma colony formation, and their effects on the colony variants are selective. Neuroendocrine compounds also modulate expression of the melanoma TCFU pigmentary variants. This system appears suitable for evaluation of the response of melanoma TCFUs to chemotherapy, retinoids, heat, and radiation. PMID- 7208530 TI - [Stability of eyedrops containing adenosine triphosphate]. PMID- 7208531 TI - [Problems posed by the quantitative determination of fluoride ions in complex drug preparation]. PMID- 7208532 TI - [Changes in the physical properties of lipid excipients for suppositories during storage]. PMID- 7208533 TI - In vitro evaluation of two controlled release propoxyphene hydrochloride formulations. Influence of the composition of dissolution media on drug release. PMID- 7208534 TI - Gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring applied to the determination of codeine in plasma. PMID- 7208535 TI - [New findings from research on arnica]. PMID- 7208536 TI - [Mutagenic and carcinogenic potency of furocoumarins. Experimental basis for risk assessment]. PMID- 7208537 TI - [Emulsions with lecithin]. PMID- 7208539 TI - Comparative efficacy of two different regimens of antibiotic prophylaxis in total abdominal hysterectomy. AB - A randomized, prospective study of 44 women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy was conducted to compare cefuroxime short-term prophylaxis and ampicillin plus oxacillin long-term prophylaxis. Cefuroxime was given peri operatively for 1 day only, whereas the penicillins were given post-operatively for 5 days. The results showed that both regimens were equally effective in providing prophylaxis. It is suggested, therefore, that the use of antibiotics after the first day of surgery is unnecessary and short-term prophylaxis is preferable because of fewer potential disadvantages. PMID- 7208538 TI - Effect of a hydrophilic mucilage in the treatment of obese patients. AB - A crossover study was carried out in 22 obese patients to evaluate the effect of a hydrophilic mucilage associated with a 800 calorie hypoglucidic diet, as compared to diet alone, on body weight and on plasma lipid levels. The administration of mucilage resulted in a weight loss greater than that obtained with diet alone. Moreover, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride level reduction was more pronounced in the patients on mucilage treatment. While reduction in plasma triglyceride levels was correlated to variations in body weight, reduction in cholesterol levels was not. This fact may be explained by reduced intestinal absorption of bile acids, as suggested by the significant reduction in plasma bilirubin levels observed in patients on mucilage treatment. During the first period of treatment with mucilage, a slight reduction in plasma levels of iron and calcium was observed, without modifications in red blood cell counts, haematocrit values and haemoglobin concentration. In 6 patients on protracted treatment (6 months), no further modifications in serum iron and calcium levels were observed. PMID- 7208541 TI - Treatment of sinusitis and otitis media with pivampicillin. AB - The efficacy and tolerance of two different dosage regimens of pivampicillin was compared in 155 patients with acute sinusitis and in 56 patients with otitis media. Patients received a 10-day course of either 500 mg pivampicillin twice daily, or 350 mg pivampicillin 3-times a day. Out of the 155 patients with sinusitis, 68 patients received pivampicillin at the time of diagnosis, whilst in a further 87 patients treatment was given, on average, 7 days after the diagnosis was made. Approximately 78% of the patients had Proetz suction and 17% used nasal drops or spray. Among 77 patients given the 500 mg dose, 88% were cured, 8% improved and only 4% failed to respond. Ninety-one per cent of 70 evaluated patients receiving the 350 mg dose were cured and 9% were improved. Paracentesis was performed on 43 of the 56 patients with otitis media and spontaneous perforation occurred in 7 patients. Eight patients received supplementary treatment with ear drops. Ninety-one per cent of 32 evaluated patients on the 500 mg dose were cured and 9% improved. The corresponding response rate in 20 evaluated patients given the 350 mg tablets was 80% cured, 15% improved and 5% of patients failed to respond. There was no difference in the frequency of side effects between the two regimens. Approximately 4% of the patients had gastro intestinal side-effects or skin rashes and in only 6 patients did these necessitate withdrawal of therapy. The twice daily regimen is recommended because of increased patient compliance. PMID- 7208542 TI - A pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of iron poly (sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex. AB - The pharmacokinetics of iron poly (sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex (IPSG) were studied following a single intramuscular injection of 59Fe-labelled IPSG to 4 iron deficient-patients. The results showed a more rapid uptake of iron from the site of injection than that reported with iron dextran while there was a lower urinary excretion than found with iron sorbitol citrate. A clinical study was carried out in 11 patients with iron deficiency anaemia. Patients were allocated at random to receive IPSG as either 250 mg or 500 mg elemental iron per week for 8 weeks. A satisfactory response to therapy was obtained with each regimen whether measured by an increase in haemoglobin concentration or in serum ferritin concentration. Few side-effects were encountered but discomfort and staining at the injection site was found on the higher dose schedule. PMID- 7208540 TI - A clinical study on the prolonged antihypertensive effect of clonidine in a sustained-release capsule formulation. AB - Eight patients with essential hypertension each received a single oral dose of 1 capsule of a sustained-release formulation of 0.25 mg clonidine in the morning for 3 consecutive days. Pulse ratio and blood pressure were measured in the standing and supine positions at specific intervals. After the first day of treatment, a significant decrease in blood pressure lasting 24 hours was recorded for the standing position. In the supine position, there was a progressive decrease in blood pressure which also attained significance on the third day of treatment. There was a progressive and significant reduction in mean arterial pressure from the first to the third day. PMID- 7208543 TI - Effect of L-fucose on brain protein metabolism and retention of a learned behavior in rats. AB - The intraperitoneal or intraventricular application of L-fucose (100 mg/kg or 75 microgram, respectively) prior to training in shuttle box avoidance as well as in shock-motivated brightness discrimination in rats significantly improved the retention of learned behavior 24 hr later. The application of D-fucose was without influence on retention. In naive animals, intraventricularly applied L fucose (75-200 microgram) caused an increase in the rate of protein synthesis in the hippocampus, resulting in a significant increase in total proteins of this brain structure, mainly attributed to the Tris-insoluble protein fractions. The results are discussed in terms of an activation of glycoprotein formation by increasing supply with L-fucose. PMID- 7208544 TI - Ethanol-induced analgesia in rats selectively bred for ethanol sensitivity. AB - Two rat lines selectively bred for ethanol-induced depression of locomotor activity were studied for ethanol-induced analgesia. The effects of ethanol on startle amplitude, extent of overt movements and incidence of audible vocalizations in response to intermittent, noncontingent foot shock. All three responses were dose-dependently depressed by ethanol (0.66 to 2.0 g/kg, IP), and to greater extent in the "most affected" line (MA) than in "least affected" (LA) rats. Ethanol-induced response decrements were reinstated at higher shock intensities, indicating a sensory (i.e., analgesic) rather than a motoric or analgesic basis for these effects. Genes which influence ethanol's motoric effects might, in part, influence sensitivity to its sensory effects. PMID- 7208545 TI - The excitatory component of ethanol in mice: a chronic study. AB - The effects of chronic administration of initially depressant, ineffective and excitatory doses of ethanol on the locomotor activity of mice was studied. The results showed that (1) an excitatory effect of ethanol is observed after tolerance develops to its depressant action; (2) the effect induced by an initially excitatory dose of ethanol became more pronounced with chronic exposure to the drug; and (3) tolerance to the excitatory effect was not reached after 60 days of ethanol treatment. PMID- 7208546 TI - Subcutaneous silastic implants: maintenance of high blood ethanol levels in rats drinking a liquid diet. AB - A new subcutaneous form of ethanol exposure in rats is described. The Sustained Ethanol Release Tube (SERT) for rats is similar to an earlier device reported for mice, except that only one refill per day is required. This device, plus an intragastric loading dose for initially raising blood ethanol levels (BEL), is capable of maintaining high BEL for greater than 12 hours. Supplementation of SERT-released ethanol with a Sustacal chocolate-flavored diet with 37% of total energy as ethanol produces high, stable BEL for indefinite periods. Maintenance of such BEL for 9 days is sufficient to cause dramatic withdrawal signs when ethanol exposure is stopped. The method is useful as a model for conveniently and quickly producing physical dependence to ethanol in rats. PMID- 7208547 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E1 and its biosynthesis inhibitor indomethacin on drinking in the rat. AB - In the rat, injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 microgram into the 3rd brain ventricle (3rd b.v.) inhibited the water deprivation-induced water intake in a dose-related fashion. The 1.0 microgram dose of PGE1 also inhibited the intake of 1.8% sodium chloride in rats depleted of body sodium by intraperitoneal dialysis, and of food in food deprived rats during a 60 min test period. Prostaglandin E1 (1 microgram) depressed the dipsogenic effect of angiotensin II (AII) or carbachol injected through the same cannula. Water deprived rats pretreated with the PG synthetase inhibitor indomethacin, in two different doses, showed enhanced water intake. The pretreatment with indomethacin also enhanced the dipsogenic effect of various doses of AII injected into the 3rd b.v. The antagonistic action of PGE1 on water-deprivation, or AII-induced water intake, and the enhancement of water intake after blocking PGs synthesis, suggests the involvement of PG in the regulation of thirst. PMID- 7208548 TI - Acute effects of ethanol in vivo on neuromuscular transmission. AB - The effects in vivo of acute doses of ethanol on impulse transmission in the region of the neuromuscular junction are poorly known. These effects were studied with a new procedure, using mouse tails in a constant temperature chamber to study the delay in nerve-to-muscle impulse transmission. A saline control and five ethanol doses (0.5, 1.0, 1.4, 2.0, 4.24 g/kg) were used with 96 mice. The interval ("residual latency", RL), between (a) the peak of the compound nerve action potential and (b) the first peak of the associated compound muscle action potential, was measured. Ethanol was given IP and tail nerve stimulations were done at 4 min intervals to 16 min post-ethanol. The mean pre-ethanol RL was 0.93 +/- 0.01 (SE) msec; about 25% of this time should be synaptic delay and the remainder is nerve and muscle fiber conduction time. Individual post-ethanol relative RL (RRL) values were calculated for each moue, based on its pre-ethanol value. With doses of 1.0 g/kg and higher there was a mean increase in RRL; at 16 min this increase was 0.8 to 4.4% (all p less than 0.01). At 0.5 g/kg, and also at higher doses, there was a significantly (p less than 0.01) increased variance in RRL 8 to 16 min post-ethanol. A marked correspondence between mean RRL and ataxia is apparent. This appears to be the first in vivo demonstration of acute effects of ethanol on neuromuscular transmission. The methods and mice used may comprise a useful animal model for detecting acute effects of low doses of ethanol on synaptic function. PMID- 7208549 TI - Antagonism of stress-induced analgesia by D-phenylalanine, an anti-enkephalinase. AB - Methionine- and leucine-enkephalin produce mild and transient analgesic effects, presumably because of enzymatic degradation. Administration of high (250 mg/kg) doses of D-phenylalanine retards the degradation process and elicits analgesia which is reversed by naloxone and which summates with electroacupuncture analgesia. The present study evaluated D-phenylalanine's dose-dependent effects upon a non-opioid analgesic treatment, cold-water swims (CWS), and compared this with morphine. following determination of flinch-jump baselines, three groups of rats received respectively either 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg of D-phenylalanine intraperitoneally in three conditions: alone, with CWS (2 degrees C for 3.5 min), and with morphine (5 mg/kg, SC). Parallel controls with saline were also tested. Simultaneous exposure with each minimally analgesic dose of D-phenylalanine reduced significantly the analgesic, but not hypothermic effects of CWS. By contrast, morphine analgesia was unaffected by D-phenylalanine. These data provide further support that different pain-inhibitory systems mediate CWS and morphine analgesia and suggest that activation of one system is capable of exerting collateral inhibition upon the other. PMID- 7208550 TI - Hexamethonium modification of cardiovascular adjustments during combined static dynamic arm exercise in monkeys. AB - In weight lifting and rowing, essentially the same groups of muscles contract in isometric (static) and isotonic (dynamic) fashion. To approximate the combined static-dynamic arm movements involved in rowing or lifting weights, four rhesus monkeys were trained to pull a T-bar and thereby avoid tail shock. Each animal received 8 daily test sessions in which loads (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 kg), total pulls (3, 6, 9, 12 at a constant pull frequency, 0.5 Hz) and alternate sessions of pulling after injection of hexamethonium chloride (7 mg/kg) or saline were factorially combined. Our data indicate that heart rate in this model is primarily influenced by the duration of the dynamic exercise component (number of pulls) in this specific exercise task whereas both dynamic and static components affect systolic and diastolic blood pressure. After ganglionic blockade, heart rate and diastolic pressure do not change appreciably during T-bar pulling while the rise in systolic pressure is attenuated and varies primarily as a function of the static exercise component. The clinical implications of these experiments are discussed. PMID- 7208551 TI - Effects of pimozide on accuracy of performance and distribution of correct responding on a simultaneous discrimination task in the rat. AB - After training rats in a simultaneous discrimination problem, pimozide, a dopamine receptor blocker, was administered to determine whether accuracy of performance would be disrupted. Each animal received five doses of pimozide (vehicle, 0.05, 0.10, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/kg) delivered in a Latin Square sequence with five non-drug days between injections. Pimozide did not disrupt well established discrimination behavior at any of the doses even though a decrease in rate of responding was observed at the two higher doses. These results provide additional evidence that DA neutrons are not essential in the mediation of previously learned associations. PMID- 7208552 TI - Structure-activity relationships among some d-N-alkylated amphetamines. AB - d-N-Alkylated amphetamines were synthesized in a series up to and including d-N butylamphetamine and potencies of these compounds were compared in (1) rhesus monkeys allowed to respond for intravenous infusions of the drugs, (2) rats allowed to drink a milk solution for 15 minutes each day and (3) isolated, spontaneously beating guinea-pig atria. In the self-administration procedure, d amphetamine (A), d-N-methylamphetamine (NMA), and d-N-ethylamphetamine (NEA) were self-administered above saline levels at two or more doses by all animals. For these three drugs, maximal response rates were found at similar doses in all animals. However, maximal rates were generally higher in animals maintained on pentobarbital than in animals maintained on cocaine under control conditions. d-N propylamphetamine (NPA) was self-administered above saline levels by three of four animals at one or more doses. Maximal response rates for NPA were about 1/2 of that of A, NMA and NEA, and the dose-response curve was shifted to the right of these compounds by about 4 times. d-N-butylamphetamine (NBA) maintained responding above saline levels at two doses in only one of three animals. In rats, all of the compounds decreased milk intake in a dose-related manner. A, NMA and NEA were equipotent in disrupting intake, while NPA and NBA were, respectively, 1/4 and 1/6 as potent as the shorter-chain compounds. With the exception of NBA, all compounds increased the rate of beating of the guinea-pig atrium over the range of concentrations tested. In general, for substituents larger than ethyl, potency of d-N-alkylated amphetamines was inversely related to N-alkyl length. PMID- 7208553 TI - Effects of phencyclidine, pentobarbital, and d-amphetamine on the acquisition and performance of conditional discriminations in monkeys. AB - In each of two components of a multiple schedule, monkeys were required to respond on a right or left lever depending upon the stimulus combination (a color and a geometric form) presented. Reinforcement of a response in the presence of one stimulus (the form) was therefore conditioned upon the other stimulus (the color). The completion of a two-member chain of discriminations produced a food pellet. Errors produced a brief timeout. One composition of the multiple schedule was a repeated-acquisition task where the discriminative stimuli for left- or right-lever responses changed each session (learning). In the other component, the discriminative stimuli for left- or right-lever responses were the same each session (performance). Phencyclidine, pentobarbital, and d-amphetamine each produced dose-related decreases in the overall rate of responding in both components of the multiple schedule. At high doses each drug increased the percent errors in each component. At lower doses, however, the three drugs produced selective effects on accuracy. Errors were increased in the learning component at lower doses than those required to disrupt the discrimination in the performance component. A signal detection analysis of the data revealed that none of the drugs tested increased errors by selectively affecting either discriminability or bias. PMID- 7208554 TI - Facilitation of self-stimulation in rats by methadone. AB - The effects of morphine and its derivatives on self-stimulation behavior have been widely studied. In those experiments which have used multiple injections (over days) and multiple post-injection tests (within days), the typical findings includes a depression of responding after the initial injections followed by a facilitation of responding on subsequent days. There have been only a few reports which have tested the effects of methadone in this paradigm. Some investigators have observed only depression of self-stimulation while others have reported both the transient depression and the subsequent facilitation generally obtained with morphine. In the present experiment we administered either 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg methadone IP over a five day period and tested MFB-LH self-stimulation at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 23 hours post-injection. Compared to saline controls, the 10 mg/kg dose produced the typical opiate-induced changes in self-stimulation, i.e., an initial depression which lasted for two hours on the first two days but was replaced by significant facilitation by hour 4 of day 3. This facilitation persisted for at least 10 hours on all 5 days of the experiment. Except for a transient (days 2-3) depression of self-stimulation, 5 mg/kg was without effects. The present experiment demonstrates that methadone does facilitate self stimulation but that its ability to do so is highly dose-dependent. PMID- 7208555 TI - Analgesic tolerance produced by morphine pellets is facilitated by analgesic testing. AB - Analgesic tolerance induced by morphine pellets was examined in rats using the nociceptive tail flick reflex. Analgesic responses of animals who received preliminary tail flick tests after morphine implantation were significantly lower than responses of naive, nontested animals. Previously tested animals were also significantly more tolerant to a morphine challenge than nontested animals. A dose response curve to morphine was not obtained, at the doses used here, from previously tested animals, where as naive animals responded to in a dose dependent manner. Environmental modulation of the tail flick represents an elementary form of behavioral plasticity which may prove useful for neural analyses of simple reflex systems. PMID- 7208556 TI - Environmental modulation of analgesic tolerance induced by morphine pellets. AB - The development of analgesic tolerance to the nociceptive tail flick test was examined in morphine implanted rats. Animals repeatedly exposed to a nonfunctional tail flick apparatus after implantation, were significantly more tolerant than nonexposed animals, on subsequent tests with the functional apparatus. In contrast, prior exposure to an alternate nociceptive, hot plate test, did not significantly modify tolerance on the tail flick. Facilitation of tolerance, produced by prior tail flick assessment, was maintained for at last one week following the last test, but only if the morphine pellet was not removed. If the pellet was removed the influence of prior analgesic assessment was not retained. The substantial plasticity exhibited by the spinal tail flick reflex suggests the utility of this response for investigations of neural correlates of behavior. PMID- 7208557 TI - The string test: an early behavioral change in thiamine deficiency. AB - Thiamine deficiency is a useful animal model of the interaction between biochemistry and behavior. Although numerous biochemical changes have been detected in thiamine deficiency, studies of behavioral changes are relatively scarce. We have modified and quantitated the string test, originally described by Miquel and Blasco, for application to thiamine-deficient rats. The string test is reproducible with time, and control rats have a narrow range of scores. 50% of rats treated with thiamine-deficient diet and pyrithiamine, a centrally-acting thiamine antagonist, have persistently decreased string test scores. This decrease is already present on day 5 of treatment, long before the onset of weight loss or neurological symptoms. Rats treated with oxythiamine, a peripherally acting thiamine antagonist, do not have decreased string test scores, even when anorectic and moribund. These findings suggest that impaired string test performance is a central system effect of thiamine deficiency, and that it may also be a useful behavioral parameter to follow in other animal models of metabolic encephalopathies. PMID- 7208558 TI - Drug preference and mood in humans: repeated assessment of d-amphetamine. AB - Ten normal human volunteers participated in 3 identical choice experiments comparing 5 mg d-amphetamine and placebo. Each experiment consisted of 9 sessions. During the first 4 sessions of each experiment, subjects received alternatively drug or placebo. During the next 5 sessions, they were given a choice between amphetamine and placebo. Subjective effects were assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) before drug was taken and 1, 3 and 6 hrs later. Subjects chose amphetamine an average of 4.0, 3.2 and 2.1 times out of 5 during each of the three experiments, in that order. Compared to placebo, amphetamine produced changes in mood as measured by the POMS including increased Vigor, Elation, Arousal and Positive Mood. Mood changes produced by amphetamine were similar across all three experiments despite the decrease in drug preference, suggesting the independence of these two measures. The results are discussed in terms of developing methods for predicting the abuse potential of psychotropic drugs. PMID- 7208559 TI - Pimozide attenuates lever pressing for water reinforcement in rats. AB - Rats were trained to lever-press for water on a schedule of continuous reinforcement, then tested every fourth session on five occasions either under conditions of non-reinforcement or following injections of the dopamine receptor blocker pimozide (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) or the injection vehicle. The low dose of pimozide did not significantly attenuate responding until the fifth session. The high dose attenuated responding on all occasions, with residual responding decreasing progressively across repeated drug sessions. Responding in the pimozide conditions was never less than that of the non-reinforced control group. Responding in each condition was strongest in the early minutes of a session. After five sessions, rats were switched from the pimozide condition to the non reinforced condition (or vice-versa) for one additional test day. Decreased responding continued for rats transferred from non-reinforcement to pimozide though not for rats transferred from pimozide to non-reinforcement. These data suggest a role for brain dopamine in behavior; they reflect the same patterns as have been seen with food reinforcement and with several centrally-acting reinforcers. PMID- 7208560 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of phencyclidine and five analogues in the squirrel monkey. AB - Squirrel monkeys were trained to discriminate 0.16 mg/kg of 1-(1 phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine (PCP) from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task on a fixed-ratio 32 schedule of food presentation. Intramuscular injections were given 5 min pre-session in a double alternation pattern. After reliable discriminative control of lever choice was established, dose-response determinations for generalization to the training dose of PCP was made with several doses of PCP, N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine (PCE), 1-[1-(2 thienyl)cyclohexyl] piperidine (TCP), 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) morpholine (PCM), 1 (1-phenylcyclohexyl) pyrrolidine (PHP), and ketamine. All drugs produced dose dependent PCP-appropriate responding. For each analogue, a dose was found which produced stimulus control of responding comparable to that of the PCP training dose. ED50 values were determined for each drug for percent drug-lever appropriate responding and for suppression of operant responding during test sessions. The relative potency for producing drug-lever appropriate responding was: TCP greater than PCP = PCE greater than PHP greater than PCM greater than ketamine. The relative potency for suppression of operant responding was: PCP = TCP greater than PHP greater than PCE greater than PCM greater than ketamine. In all cases, the dose necessary to suppress operant responding to fifty percent of vehicle rates was three to five times larger than the ED50 dose for drug-lever appropriate responding. The results of this study indicate marked similarities in the behavioral effects of these six arylcyclohexylamines. PMID- 7208561 TI - Impairment of instrumental learning in rats by glutamic acid diethyl ester. AB - Glutamic acid diethyl ester (GDEE), a putative antagonist of glutamate-induced neuronal excitations, was administered prior to an instrumental conditioning task motivated by food reinforcement. A profound impairment of learning was produced in animals receiving 240 or 480 mg/kg of GDEE. Performance was not impaired by GDEE in rats that had previously learned the task. These findings support suggestions that central excitatory processes play an important role in learning phenomena, in particular when these learning phenomena involve acquisition of new behavioral patterns. PMID- 7208562 TI - Effects of caffeine administration on food and water consumption under various experimental conditions. AB - The effects of caffeine on food and water intake was assessed in rats maintained under several experimental conditions. In Experiment 1, caffeine, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 or 100.0 mg/kg was injected into 23 hr food deprived, 23 hr water deprived or ad lib animals. In Experiment 2, animals were adapted to a 21 hr food deprivation schedule and administered the same doses of caffeine as were used in Experiment 1. Results indicate that caffeine both enhances and decreases food and water intake and that the effects observed depend on the experimental circumstances. PMID- 7208563 TI - Effects of chronic naloxone treatment on brain-stimulation reward. AB - Rats were tested on a rate-free psychophysical procedure in order to determine the absolute reinforcement thresholds for self-stimulation behavior. The administration of naloxone (16 mg/kg) for five days failed to alter the reinforcement thresholds on this procedure. To the extent that naloxone is an effective antagonist of endogenous opioids, we conclude that central endorphin systems are not necessary to support self-stimulation behavior. PMID- 7208564 TI - Copulatory behavior and sexual reflexes of male rats treated with naloxone. AB - Two experiments explored a potential role for endogenous opiates in the regulation of sexual behavior of male rats. Specifically, we questioned whether such opiates regulated the refractory period following ejaculation during copulation, or the latency period for the evocation of penile reflexes (erections, cups, and flips) from supine males. Animals were injected IP with 15 45 mg/kg naloxone hydrochloride 30 min prior to the start of reflex testing, and with 7.5-45 mg/kg naloxone hydrochloride 30 min before testing for copulation. Naloxone resulted in a small but reliable decrease in the number of penile flips. Reflex latency and other measures of penile reflexes were unaffected. At all doses used, naloxone significantly prolonged the postejaculatory refractory period, and there were no other effects on copulation. PMID- 7208565 TI - A technique for chronic jugular catheterization in the ferret. AB - A technique was developed to provide an efficient method for blood sampling and intravenous drug administration in the ferret by using an indwelling jugular catheter. PMID- 7208566 TI - Spatial aversion conditioning with ethanol. AB - To determine whether dose level affected ethanol's ability to establish a preference or aversion for an associated spatial location, two groups of male albino rats each received five pairings of an IP injection of ethanol (1 or 2 g/kg) with exposure to a distinctive compartment for 15 min. On alternate days, each rat was exposed to a different compartment after a saline injection. A choice test indicated that aversions were established at both dose levels, and thus failed to confirm a previous report of conditioned location preference at the lower dose level. PMID- 7208567 TI - DNA damage and repair in mouse tissues following procarbazine administration. PMID- 7208568 TI - Levels of hepatic triglycerides and plasma free fatty acids in rats treated with allylisopropylacetamide. PMID- 7208570 TI - Effects of chlordiazepoxide on acquisition of avoidance behaviour in mice receiving chronically antidepressant drugs. PMID- 7208569 TI - Skin cholesterol in ageing rats and experimental atheroma. PMID- 7208571 TI - Elevation by fenfluramine of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in brain and of corticosterone and prolactin in serum of fenfluramine-pretreated rats. PMID- 7208572 TI - Breathing pattern during exercise in runners. PMID- 7208573 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by zidometacin. PMID- 7208574 TI - New indolic anti-tremor agents. AB - Twenty eight compounds have been synthesized in the series 2-substituted-3-[(N alkanol-N-imidazolin-2'-ylamino)methyl]indoles. Some of them have been shown to protect mice from tremorine-induced tremors. The compounds are central nervous system depressants and relatively non-toxic. PMID- 7208575 TI - Dihydroxybenzene derivatives of antimicrobial activity. AB - For possible antimicrobial activity, catechol-3,5-disulphonyl-chloride resercinol 4,5-disulphonylchloride and resorcinol-2,4,6-trisulphonylchloride were condensed with amines, phenols, 8-hydroxyquinolin and hydrazine hydrate. PMID- 7208576 TI - New anti-mycobacterial hydantoins. AB - Ten 1-(4-substituted-thiazol-2-yl)hydantoins have been synthesized. Some of them have shown antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis. PMID- 7208577 TI - [Contribution to the stability of papaverine. Part 6: The stability of aqueous solutions of papaverine hydrochloride (author's transl)]. AB - It is dealt with the storage stability of aqueous solutions of papaverine hydrochloride in glass and plastic vials. The effects of pH value, light, protective gassing, complexing agents and antioxidants were investigated. It was found that solutions stored in glass vials degraded in a less degree than solutions kept in plastic vials. PMID- 7208578 TI - On the diffusion of chloramphenicol from oleaginous ointment bases. AB - The rate of diffusion of chloramphenicol from oleaginous ointment bases was investigated. It was found that the rate of diffusion of the drug from beeswax is markedly higher than that from hard paraffin. Cetrimide, whether present in the waxy base or in the aqueous diffusion medium, enhances markedly the rate of diffusion of chloramphenicol. The effect of cetrimide is, however, more pronounced in the case of hard paraffin. Incorporation of triolein in the waxy bases markedly increases the diffusion of the drug. This was correlated to changes in certain rheological parameters of the bases in presence of triolein. PMID- 7208579 TI - [On the action of various factors on the liberation from suppositories (author's transl)]. AB - The authors deal with the effects of five suppository bases on the liberation of aminophenazone, codeine phosphate, phenobarbital natrium and trapidil from suppositories, with regard to the physical properties (melting time, melting range, melting point, viscosity) and the chemical properties (acid number, hydroxyl value, composition of the bases) of the bases and the suppositories as well as of the drugs used (solubility, particle size). The grouping of the causative factors indicated, which must be weighted differently, leads to the characterization of the mechanisms of liberation and to the interpretation of the considerable differences in liberation. PMID- 7208580 TI - [The dynamics of the drug release from tablets. Part 6: Liberation of glaucine from Tussiglauzin Dragees (author's transl)]. AB - The liberation of glaucine hydrobromide from Tussiglauzin dragees has been verified. The release to artificial gastric juice was determined by three different procedures: method using the apparatus according to Grzesiczak, stationary-basket method and rotating-basket method. All three methods showed that the largest proportion of the drug (greater than 90%) is released within 2.5 h, the maximum amount determined by means of the rotating-basket method being 99.2%. PMID- 7208581 TI - [The dynamics of the drug release from tablets. Part 7: Comparison of three liberation models on Cholestil tablets (author's transl)]. AB - The liberation of hymecromone from Cholestil tablets (0.2 g) has been determined by three procedures; half-change method, stationary-basket method, and rotating basket method. The release rate was highest when determined by the rotating basket method. The other two methods yielded comparable, but considerably lower values. Artificial gastric and intestinal juices according to the Polish Pharmacopoeia IV have been used in this study. PMID- 7208582 TI - [Studies on the release of solubilized drugs from ointment bases. Part 5: Influence of the volume of disperse phase on liberation of chloramphenicol from emulsifying ointments (author's transl)]. AB - It has been shown that liberation of the chloramphenicol emulsive ointments depends on the rate of diffusion in the ointments basis. The rate of the diffusion depends on the volume of dispersion phase, effective coefficient of diffusion and on the concentration gradient. PMID- 7208583 TI - [The pharmacokinetics of cephalothin during the late stage of pregnancy and in the course of labour (author's transl)]. AB - Using an open one- and two-compartment model, the authors studied the kinetics of cephalothin during pregnancy and in the course of labour as well as in a group of non-pregnant women. They found that the parenteral application of cephalothin leads to therapeutic levels in the serum, tissues and urine also during pregnancy and in the course of labour. The bearing of pregnancy and labour on the kinetics of cephalothin is but insignificant; consequently, no modification of the pharmacotherapy will be necessary. PMID- 7208585 TI - [Densitometric determination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in tablets]. PMID- 7208584 TI - [Antianaphylactic effects of 2-hydrazino-3-arylquinazol-4-ones and 4-aryl-5-oxo 4,5-dihydro-s-triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolines]. PMID- 7208586 TI - Prostaglandins, thromboxane A2 and cardiovascular drugs. PMID- 7208587 TI - [Quantitative structure-activity relationships between amino acids, and a contribution to hyperbolic structure-activity analysis]. PMID- 7208588 TI - [Quantitative structure-toxicity relationships of phosphoric acid esters]. PMID- 7208589 TI - [Growth inhibition in Chlorella vulgaris by 4-substituted 3-methyl-1 phenylpyrazolin-5-one derivatives as related to their chemical structure]. PMID- 7208590 TI - Steroidal derivatives. PMID- 7208591 TI - [Biopharmaceutics of eye drugs]. PMID- 7208592 TI - Thiazide diuretics inhibit contractions of isolated smooth muscles. AB - The interaction between thiazide diuretics and contractile responses produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline and angiotensin II, has been examined on isolated rat uterus and guinea pig aorta. Hydrochlorothiazide, polythiazide and cyclopenthiazide inhibited the contraction of isolated tissue induced by the spasmogens. These data demonstrated that the tested diuretics possess antagonistic activity on contractions induced by various spasmogens. PMID- 7208593 TI - Anesthetic, hypothermic, myorelaxant and anticonvulsant effects of synthetic eugenol derivatives and natural analogues. AB - Nine newly synthesized eugenol derivatives were investigated in rats or mice as to their anesthetic, hypothermic, myorelaxant and anticonvulsant effects. Additional pharmacological activity which appeared during the experiments is described. For comparative purposes, six naturally occurring eugenol analogues were included in the study. The results are further discussed as to possible structure-activity relationships between the test compounds and the four investigated effects. PMID- 7208594 TI - Estrogen administration early in life and the development of atherosclerosis. AB - Effect of high doses of estrogen administration early in life on aortic atherosclerosis and cholesteryl ester metabolism was investigated in female atherosclerosis-susceptible (White Carneau) pigeons. Long-term estrogen (in doses of 0.25 mg/kg/day) administration significantly increased the severity of aortic atherosclerosis. Following short-term administration of estrogens, the concentration of aortic cholesterol was significantly higher in estrogen-treated pigeons with a marked increase in cholesteryl esters. Determination of activities of enzymes concerned with cholesteryl ester metabolism in aorta indicated an increase in cholesteryl ester synthetase, while no difference was noted in the three cholesteryl ester hydrolases located in various subcellular fractions of aorta. These results suggest that the increase in aortic cholesterol content following estrogen treatment may be partly responsible for the noted increase in atherosclerosis following long-term administration of estrogens to female pigeons. PMID- 7208595 TI - Distribution of antipyrine, phenylbutazone and phenytoin in experimental renal failure. AB - Concentrations of antipyrine, phenylbutazone and phenytoin were measured in serum and in tissues of rabbits with acute renal failure after uranyl nitrate injection, in view of our earlier finding that the volume of distribution of phenytoin and of phenylbutazone is increased in those animals. Concentrations of antipyrine in serum and in tissues were not altered in the uraemic rabbit. For phenylbutazone, total serum concentrations were decreased in uraemic rabbits; concentrations in brain, liver and fat were increased, while concentrations in other tissues and unbound serum concentrations were not significantly changed. For phenytoin, total serum concentrations were decreased and unbound serum concentrations and tissue concentrations were not significantly changed in uraemic rabbits. Calculation brain, liver and fat were increased, while concentrations in other tissues and unbound serum concentrations were not significantly changed. For phenytoin, total serum concentrations were decreased and unbound serum concentrations and tissue concentrations were not significantly changed in uraemic rabbits. Calculation brain, liver and fat were increased, while concentrations in other tissues and unbound serum concentrations were not significantly changed. For phenytoin, total serum concentrations were decreased and unbound serum concentrations and tissue concentrations were not significantly changed in uraemic rabbits. Calculation of the ratios of tissue concentrations over unbound serum concentrations suggests that the increased distribution volume of phenylbutazone and phenytoin in the uraemic rabbit is due to the decreased serum binding rather than to changes in tissue binding. PMID- 7208596 TI - Binding of drugs in serum, blood cells and tissues of rabbits with experimental acute renal failure. AB - In vitro binding of phenylbutazone and phenytoin was studied in serum in tissue homogenates, in tissue slices and in blood cells of rabbits with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate. For phenylbutazone serum binding was decreased in uraemic rabbits, while the binding in homogenates of kidneys and liver was increased. For phenytoin binding in serum and in homogenates and slices of kidneys was decreased in uraemic rabbits. Binding of phenylbutazone and phenytoin to blood cells was not significantly changed in uraemic rabbits. The changes in tissue binding found are small and are only significant for liver and kidney which represent a small fraction of total body mass. Although the methodology for measurement of tissue binding is not entirely satisfactory, we think we can conclude that these changes probably contribute only to a minor degree to the increase of the volume of distribution found for these drugs in renal failure as already suggested by our in vivo data in the preceding paper. PMID- 7208597 TI - Isolated human cystic artery: responses to common agonist and antagonist drugs. AB - The extramural artery of the human gall bladder (cystic artery), a small artery (outside diameter 1.3 +/- 0.03 mm) with a thick muscular wall and little elastin within the tunica media, has catecholamine fluorescence localized to the adventitia-medial border. Isolated helical strips of the artery are responsive to norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and vasopressin (VP) at low concentrations, but at the maximal frequency of transmural electrical stimulation used (16 Hz), the response is only 10--20% of the NE maximum response. Phentolamine (2.7 X 10(-6) M) antagonized responses to NE, 5HT and, to a lesser degree, electrical stimulation and these actions are similar to those reported in other mammalian tissue. In vitro use of reserpine (1.6 X 10(-5) M) and guanethidine (4 X 10(-5) M) also produced effects which were predictable from effects observed in other mammalian tissues; except reserpine diminished responsiveness to NE and 5HT and guanethidine enhanced responses to the early administered electrical stimulation. PMID- 7208598 TI - Dapsone in saliva and plasma of man. AB - Concentrations of dapsone (DDS) and its metabolite, monoacetyl dapsone (MADDS) were measured in plasma and saliva samples collected concurrently from volunteers receiving a 50-mg oral dose of DDS. A liquid chromatographic technique was employed to separate the compounds from each other and from endogenous materials. Fluorescence detection provided limited sensitivities to 0.1 ng/ml of sample. Saliva levels of DDS were consistently 15-20% of the plasma levels of DDS during the study period, which ranged from 4 to 48 h. Decay rates for DDS from saliva and plasma were nearly identical. In 4-hour samples of plasma subjected to equilibrium dialysis, we found amounts of DDS in the dialysates nearly identical to levels found in saliva collected at that time. Saliva levels of MADDS ranged from 0.8 to 2.6% of their plasma levels at all times. Decay rates of MADDS from the two fluids were nearly identical and saliva levels of MADDS in 4-hour samples were nearly identical to levels found in paired plasma dialysates. Nevertheless, levels of MADDS were so low that a reliable definition of the subjects' acetylator phenotype from levels of MADDS in saliva only was impossible. PMID- 7208600 TI - Age-dependent changes in the myocardial adenylate cyclase of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The activity of myocardial adenylate cyclase from two age groups (10-11 and 18-19 weeks old, respectively) of male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) was examined. Stimulation of the enzyme by isoproterenol and 5'-guanylyl-imidodiphosphate (GMP-PNP) was decreased for both SHR and WKY at the older age. In addition, decreased sensitivity of the enzyme to NaF was also found for older SHR. Except for showing subsensitivity to isoproterenol, the enzyme from SHR at 10-11 weeks of age was activated by GMP-PNP alone, or in combination with isoproterenol, and NaF to the same extent as that from the same age group of WKY. Stimulation of the enzyme by these activators was considerably lower from SHR than from WKY at 18-19 weeks of age. These data indicate that myocardial adenylate cyclase from SHR initially demonstrates a selective decrease in response to isoproterenol, and then a generalized decrease in sensitivity to various activators at a later hypertensive stage. PMID- 7208599 TI - Pulmonary metabolism of imipramine in the rat and rabbit. Comparison with hepatic metabolism. AB - The pulmonary metabolism of imipramine (IMP) was studied, using lung tissue preparations of rats and rabbits, and compared with the metabolism by liver tissue. The postmitochondrial (9,000 g) supernatant fraction was used as the enzyme source, and the differential extraction method was employed to separate and quantitate the metabolites of IMP. The IMP-metabolizing activity of rat lung was found to be significantly higher than that of rabbit lung. The major metabolite produced by rat lung was identified as IMP-N-oxide (IMP-NO). Inclusion of beta-dimethylaminoethyl-diphenyl valerate (SKF-525A; l mM) and depletion of Mg2+ did not inhibit, but slightly increased the N-oxidation of IMP by the lung preparations, whereas piperonyl butoxide (l mM) and Hg2+ (0.1 mM) had little or no effect. The liver/lung ratio of the IMP-metabolizing activity was found to be variable depending on the substrate concentrations used, indicating the unreliability of such ratios as indices of the relative contribution of the lung to the metabolism of a drug. These results suggest that a marked species variation exists with respect to the pulmonary of IMP, that the principal product in rat lung is IMP-NO, and that this biotransformation is catalyzed by a noncytochrome P-450 pathway. PMID- 7208601 TI - Distribution of muscarinic receptors in the digestive tract organs. AB - We have studied the binding of the potent muscarinic antagonist, (3H) quinuclidinyl benzilate [(3H)-QNB], in order to characterize muscarinic receptors of the digestive tract organs and evaluate their population. In each tissue examined, the binding sites were saturable and stereoselective; (3H)-QNB could also be displaced by known muscarinic agonists and antagonists. Along the digestive tract, the stomach (for stomach, fundus, antrum) and the colon possess the highest number of binding sites while the secretory (parotid, mandibular and pancreas), with a comparable amount of sites, are among those with less receptors. This study presents for the first time a complete distribution of the muscarinic receptors in organs of the digestive system evaluated under identical experimental conditions. PMID- 7208602 TI - Ability of a new antitumor agent, AZQ, to penetrate into cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The ability of a new antitumor agent, AZQ (2,5-diaziridinyl-3,6-bis carboethoxyamino-1,4-benzoquinone), NSC No. 182986, to enter the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied in nonhuman primates. Following parenteral administration of 14C-AZQ, CSF radioactivity rose quickly and reached a maximum value 60 min after administration. Total radioactivity in the CSF was about 25-35% of the corresponding plasma level at time points subsequent to maximum CSF concentration. Chloroform extraction and thin-layer chromatography revealed that much of the total radioactivity was not parent AZQ and that parent AZQ declined rapidly in both plasma and CSF with a half-life less than 1 h. AZQ clearly entered the CSF and yielded CSF concentrations comparable to plasma values. PMID- 7208603 TI - Low-level hyperbaric ethanol antagonism in mice. Dose and pressure response. AB - Dose- and pressure-related interactions between ethanol anesthesia and low-level hyperbaric helium-oxygen environments were studied in mice using conditions which eliminated the possibility of hypoxia during compression and hyperbaric helium induced hypothermia. Hyperbaric helium-oxygen (1-12 atmospheres absolute) reduced sleep time in a pressure-related manner. The degree of maximum ethanol antagonism decreased as the ethanol dose increased (3.2, 3.6, and 4.0g/kg). The results are consistent with membrane theories of general anesthesia and suggest a possible common mechanism between ethanol antagonism at low hyperbaric pressure and high pressure reversal of anesthesia. PMID- 7208604 TI - Effect of L-tryptophan on apomorphine-induced growth hormone secretion in normal subjects. AB - Oral administration of the serotonin precursor, L-tryptophan, to normal male volunteers (n = 7) in a dose (3 g) sufficient to increase free plasma tryptophan concentrations more than 12-fold had no significant effect on basal growth hormone secretion or on apomorphine HCL-induced (0.75 mg sc) peak growth hormone concentrations. These data suggest that, in man, tryptophan administration has little effect on central dopaminergic function, at least in the hypothalamic pituitary axis and that serotonergic mechanisms have no major modulatory effect on dopamine-mediated growth hormone secretion. PMID- 7208605 TI - [Paradoxical akinesia induced by antidepressant drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208606 TI - A day in the life of an internist. PMID- 7208607 TI - An ounce of surgery for a pound of cure. PMID- 7208608 TI - The medical record: cui bono? an appeal for personal custody of health data. AB - A personal, portable, continuing health record is an important adjunct to superior medical care in a complex and mobile modern society, and the medical profession should encourage and facilitate its voluntary adoption by patients. PMID- 7208609 TI - Watching the biology watchers: the case of Mr. Jones. PMID- 7208610 TI - The docent system: an alternate approach to medical education. AB - There are many applications of the docent system for schools in which students are older and engaging in more conventional educational approaches. There are advantages in bringing students from different classes together over a prolonged period of time, starting with their entrance into the program. Advisors in docent roles can contribute much to such groups. Pairing of more-advanced with less advanced students, at least informally, may offer some of the advantages described by students at UMKC in their partnerships. Women students may find it much easier to establish helpful relationships with male and female peers and teachers in organized group settings. Faculty may come to experience the advantages for themselves of close personal interaction with students. Better relationships between male and female faculty members can lead to more successful recruitment of excellent female faculty members, which is important with the increased number of women medical students. The concept offers a personalized approach to undergraduate medical education that is worthy of continued study and evaluation. PMID- 7208611 TI - Responsibility, accountability, self-discipline: changing emphases in medical education. PMID- 7208612 TI - The intellectual roots of family practice. PMID- 7208613 TI - Runners' hemoglobinuria--in men, dogs and horses. PMID- 7208614 TI - Reducing gastric size in treating obesity. PMID- 7208617 TI - Grazing incidence tomography. AB - The potentialities of photographic transaxial tomographic methods are discussed. It is shown that unfiltered, transaxial tomographic summation images can yield high-quality tomograms of high-contrast objects. A direct and efficient photographic method for recording transaxial tomograms (grazing incidence tomography) is demonstrated, and various means for analog filtering are discussed. Grazing incidence tomography allows for high geometrical resolution for high- or medium-contrast objects. The present contrast performance is an order of magnitude different to that of computerised tomography, but an improvement of the method seems possible. PMID- 7208618 TI - The geometric transfer function component for scintillation camera collimators with straight parallel holes. AB - A theoretical approach has been developed that allows the geometric transfer function component for conventional scintillation camera collimators to be predicted in closed form. If transfer function analysis is to be useful in describing imaging system performance, the image of a point source must not depend on source position in a plane parallel to the detection plane. This shift invariance can be achieved by analysis of system response in terms of an effective point spread function, defined as the normalised image of a point source that would be obtained if the camera collimator were uniformly translated (but not rotated) during image formation. The geometric component of the corresponding effective transfer function is shown to be expressed simply by the absolute square of the two-dimensional Fourier transform of a collimator hole aperture, with the spatial frequency plane scaled by a factor which depends on collimator length, source-to-collimator distance, and collimator-to-detection plane distance. Closed form algebraic expressions of the geometric transfer function have been obtained for all four common hold shapes (circular, hexagonal, square and triangular). Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements have shown these theoretical expressions to be highly accurate. PMID- 7208615 TI - The medical library and the compleat physician. PMID- 7208616 TI - Coherent scattering and the assessment of mineral concentration in trabecular bone. AB - The number of 103.2 keV (153Sm) gamma-rays scattered coherently and incoherently from the os calcis of three cadaver feet has been measured using a high purity Ge detector. The ratio of the intensities of coherent to incoherent scattered photons is dependent on elemental composition while the number scattered incoherently is dependent on density. The results indicate that techniques for the assessment of mineral status in the skeleton may be based on either of these measurements and each will exhibit a similar sensitivity to a given biological change. It is shown that a method based entirely on the detection of coherently scattered photons will be more sensitive to changes in mineral composition than either of the above. Such a system is proposed and optimised with respect to incident beam energy and scattering angle. For a dose of 4 mSV, coherent intensity measurements with a precision of 3% are anticipated. PMID- 7208619 TI - The effect of posture on errors in gastric emptying measurements. AB - Scintigraphic gastric emptying measurements were made with subjects supine and upright using a dual-detector rectilinear scanner. Previously reported variations of the depth of activity during the course of a study were again found with both postures. Although there was no significant mean depth change in the group when upright, some individual variations were substantial. Measurements with a gamma camera demonstrated similar changes of depth of stomach contents with seated subjects. The resulting variations of attenuation of the emergent radiation lead to appreciable errors in the emptying rates determined by unilateral detection. In about half the cases the mean movement of a 99Tcm-labelled solid phase marker exceeded 1 cm; such a movement led to an average 20% error in emptying rate determination by an anterior detector. Depth changes of a liquid marker were less marked, exceeding 0.5 cm in half the subjects; this movement gave rise to an average 6% error when 113Inm was used as the tracer. PMID- 7208620 TI - Monitoring of airborne contamination during the handling of technetium-99m and radioiodine. AB - Measurements have been made using an air sampler to measure airborne radioactivity produced during the routine handling of large activities of technetium-99m, iodine-125 and iodine-131. The results indicate that 99Tcm can be safely handled in environments without direct exhaust of the ventilated air but that 125I and 131I should always be handled in a ventilated environment such as a fume cupboard or a down-draught work-station of the total-exhaust type. Monitoring of thyroid uptake proves to be the most reliable means of monitoring airborne contamination by these radionuclides, but burdens and radiation doses for typical procedures are well within the maximum permissible limits of the Code of Practice for the Protection of Persons from Ionizing Radiation arising from Medical and Dental Use. PMID- 7208622 TI - Alpha and fission fragment autoradiography with superimposed tissue images in CR 39 plastic. AB - A technique is described by which the distributions of both fissionable and alpha emitting radionuclides in histological sections of lung are visualised in the nuclear track recording plastic CR-39. Fission fragments and alpha-particles from radionuclides contained within the section register as tracks in CR-39 and an image of the tissue structure is induced, superimposed upon the track distribution, by means of low-energy (less than 1 MeV) alpha-particles from an external 238Pu source. Thus accurate apposition of the track distribution and tissue structure is achieved. The efficiencies of this system for alpha-particle and fission fragment detection are 0.51 +/- 0.09 (SD) and 0.48 +/- 0.08 (SD) respectively. PMID- 7208621 TI - Penetration of protective gloves as a route of intake for tritiated water and 125I-labelled sodium iodide solution. AB - Measurements have been made of the rate at which tritiated water and 125I labelled sodium iodide solution penetrate various types of protective gloves, both isotopes being in common use in this form in universities and similar establishments. Diffusion coefficients relating to the glove materials are also determined. The health physics aspects are discussed and it is concluded that intakes by workers through intact gloves are not likely to be of major significance and can easily be minimised by the correct use and choice of glove. PMID- 7208623 TI - Modulation transfer function of fluorescent screens excited by x-rays. AB - A theoretically based calculation of the modulation transfer function is performed for phosphor screens excited by x-rays. It is assumed that the screens are of compact material so that scattering of the light generated can be neglected. The absorption of both x-rays and light in the phosphor material is taken into account. PMID- 7208624 TI - Investigation of the possibility of using photoneutron beams for radiation therapy. AB - The possibility has been investigated of using electrons accelerated by a 50 MeV racetrack microtron for generation of photoneutron beams for radiation therapy. Central axis depth-dose curves have been measured in an A-150 tissue-equivalent phantom. Neutron half-value depths between 4.4 and 5.2 g cm-2 were obtained at an SSD of 100 cm for different converter materials and target geometries. At an absorbed dose ratio of 1:1 for neutrons and photons at the dose maximum, the total absorbed dose rates are estimated to be 0.1 Gy min-1 at 100 micronA electron current and a SSD of 100 cm. At a depth of 5 cm the neutron to photon absorbed dose ratio is typically 1:2 and the OER is expected to be about 1.8. Some dose distributional and radiobiological advantages of a physically mixed beam of neutrons and photons for external beam radiation therapy are discussed. PMID- 7208625 TI - Effect of finite size of ion chambers used for neutron dosimetry. AB - The effective point of measurement for spherical ionisation chambers was determined free-in-air for d + T neutrons and inside a human water phantom for d + T neutrons and 60Co gamma rays. Measurements were performed with spherical chambers of different diameters and a disc-type chamber. For spherical ion chambers free-in-air, the geometrical centre of the chamber was found to be the point of measurement for sufficiently great distances from the neutron source. In phantom for spherical ion chambers, displacement correction factors of 1 - (0.25 +/- 0.06) x 10(-2) r for d + T neutrons and of 1 - (0.37 +/- 0.04) x 10(-2) r for 60Co gamma rays (r being the cavity radius in mm) were observed. The differences in displacement for d + T neutrons and 60Co gamma rays can be attributed to differences in attenuation and scatter characteristics of these radiation qualities. The replacement of phantom material by the cavity of an ion chamber was simulated by introducing Styrofoam spheres of comparable dimensions into the phantom. The dose distributions measured over the cavities could explain the different displacement corrections for 60Co gamma rays and 15 MeV neutrons. PMID- 7208626 TI - A liquid ionisation chamber for neutron dosimetry. AB - Theories of ionisation in liquid and the use of liquid ionisation chambers in mixed neutron field dosimetry have been studied. Theoretical models developed by Jaffe and by Onsager were used for comparison with the experimental measurements. The Jaffe method predicts a higher collecting efficiency than does the Onsager model. Gamma and neutron sensitivities of a liquid chamber can be calculated by the Bragg-Gray principle and Onsager's theory. The calculation is subject to relatively large uncertainties, mainly due to insufficient knowledge of the ion distribution in ionisation tracks and of W/e values for iso-octane. The chamber constructed for clinical use should work best for mixed neutron fields with gamma neutron ratios of 10-20%; however, it would be difficult to use a liquid ionisation chamber to detect small neutron variations in mixed fields with large gamma components. PMID- 7208627 TI - The UHF and microwave dielectric properties of normal and tumour tissues: variation in dielectric properties with tissue water content. AB - Dielectric measurements have been made on various soft tumour and normal tissues between 0.01 and 17 GHz at body temperature. At microwave frequencies above 1-5 GHz, the tissue dielectric properties can be fitted to Debye equations with the same relaxation frequency (25 GHz) as found for pure water at 37 degrees C. The tissue dielectric properties correlate well with their water contents. The conductivity of the tissue at 0.1 GHz (which is close to that of the cytoplasm itself) increases with the volume fraction of water in the tissue, in a manner consistent with that previously observed in proteins suspended in electrolyte solution. The contribution of the tissue water to the tissue dielectric permittivity at frequencies below 1 GHz is fitted by a function of water content different to that describing the conductivity data. Empirical equations that may be used to predict the dielectric properties of other soft tissues within this wide frequency range are suggested. PMID- 7208628 TI - The use of time domain spectroscopy to measure the dielectric properties of mouse brain at radio wave and microwave frequencies. PMID- 7208629 TI - An accurate parametrisation of the x-ray attenuation coefficient. PMID- 7208630 TI - Tissue equivalence in neutron dosimetry. PMID- 7208632 TI - Effects of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex and high-frequency muscle vibration on isometric wrist extension strength in normal adults. AB - The effects of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex and high-frequency muscle vibration on isometric wrist extension strength were studied in 150 normal, right handed adults between the ages of 18 and 40. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of five groups. From data collected from two control groups, we determined any confounding effects of fatigue, experimental learning, or weight of the vibrator in contact with the skin surface overlying the wrist extensor muscle bellies. From measurements taken from three experimental groups, we determined the individual and combined effects of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex and vibration. The reflex was elicited with active head rotation. Strength significantly increased with active head rotation toward the extending wrist; active head rotation away from the wrist significantly decreased strength. Vibration of the extensor surface of the forearm with the head in neutral significantly increased strength. The combination of active head rotation toward the extending wrist and vibration of the extensor surface resulted in a greater increase in strength than did either technique individually. PMID- 7208631 TI - The ideal physical therapist as perceived by the elderly patient. AB - A 28-item Q sort was constructed and used to determine 1) the characteristics considered most descriptive of the ideal physical therapist by the elderly patient, 2) those considered most descriptive of the ideal physical therapist by the therapist, and 3) the relationship between the two ideals. Each of the 28 statements selected was descriptive of the therapist in one of four roles as a therapist, teacher, worker, or person. The results suggest a moderate degree of similarity between the ideal physical therapist as viewed by the elderly and by the practitioner. Both patients and therapists selected the role of the therapist as a therapist as most descriptive and the role as a worker as least descriptive. Although the elderly ranked teaching qualities higher than personal characteristics, therapists reversed this order. Limitations in interpreting these differences are discussed. PMID- 7208633 TI - Sensory feedback for head control in cerebral palsy. AB - Five school-aged children with cerebral palsy were given an auditory feedback signal when their heads tilted past a predetermined angle. After three to seven individual sessions, all of the children were able to work in the classroom on regular school activities while using the sensory feedback to monitor and after head position. Over a period of nine weeks, all children improved their stabilizing skills of the head and neck when responding to the performance information. Three of the children were successful at self-monitoring for up to one hour while maintaining the head within the required zone at least 80 percent of the time. Inability of the other two children to do so was probably related to poorer motor control and possibly to a lack of independent work skills. PMID- 7208634 TI - Team arthritis consultation. PMID- 7208635 TI - Measurement and technical skills--neglected aspects of research education. PMID- 7208636 TI - Supine stander for severely handicapped child. PMID- 7208637 TI - Use of a two-channel functional electrical stimulator to stand paraplegic patients. PMID- 7208638 TI - Isolation and identification of polyamine metabolites in urine of animals. AB - Fractionation of urinary metabolites of radioactive polyamines in rats yielded four fractions containing (A) non-polar and acidic compounds, (B) acidic and neutral ampholytes, (C) basic ampholytes, (D) polyamines, respectively. A large amount of radioactivity was found in Fractions A and D from rats injected with putrescine, and in Fractions C and D from rats injected with spermidine or spermine. Analysis indicated that gamma-aminobutyric acid, N monoacetylputrescine, 2(3)-hydroxyputrescine, putreanine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-4 aminobutyric acid (isoputreanine), spermic acid, N-(3-aminopropyl), N'-(2 carboxyethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, and N-monoacetylspermidines A and B were excreted as urinary metabolites. The possible significance of the findings is discussed. PMID- 7208639 TI - Conjugation of polyamines in mammalian cells in culture. AB - In cultures of BHK-21/C13 cells (Syrian baby hamster kidney fibroblasts) or 3T6 cells (Swiss mouse embryonic fibroblasts), spermidine and spermine undergo conjugation to a low molecular weight moiety which, under certain conditions, is excreted from cells into the extracellular fluid. A schematic model has been devised to describe the various metabolic processes that may be involved in the control of polyamine levels in mammalian cells and their extracellular fluid. PMID- 7208640 TI - Polyamine-peptide conjugates: proposed functions. AB - Six polyamine-conjugated proteins were identified in human amniotic fluid. Three contained covalently bound spermine, one contained covalently bound spermidine, and two contained covalently bound putrescine. All were characterized by high content of serine, glycine, glutamate, and aspartate. Polyamination of proteins may participate in mechanisms for (1) polyamine specificity in cell growth; (2) cell surface attachment of polyamines; (3) transport of polyamines; (4) endocytosis and other cellular uptake processes; and (5) signaling protein degradation. PMID- 7208641 TI - Polyamines and polyamine complexes: analytical comments. AB - Different methods of sample preparation for determination of di- and polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) and their conjugates in serum, plasma, and urine are discussed. Higher polyamine values obtained after hydrolysis of serum or plasma acidic extracts suggest the presence of polyamine conjugates. Additional polyamines might be bound to proteins and released by hydrolysis of the crude samples. Biological studies of bound polyamines in health and disease will require procedures for quantitative analysis. For the pertinent measurements, radioimmunoassays employing antibodies developed against isolated polyamine conjugates may prove useful. PMID- 7208642 TI - Twenty-fifth Annual Bowditch Lecture. Seasonal reproduction: a sage of reversible fertility. PMID- 7208643 TI - A computer model of the cardiovascular system for effective learning. PMID- 7208644 TI - Thoughts on medical writing and teaching. PMID- 7208645 TI - Effects of stimulus female on sexual behavior of male rats given olfactory tubercle and corticomedial amygdaloid lesions. PMID- 7208646 TI - Evidence for cerebral sodium sensors involved in water drinking in sheep. PMID- 7208647 TI - A state-dependent failure of rats to maximize rewards. PMID- 7208648 TI - Relation between estrogen-induced hyperlipemia and food intake and body weight in rats. PMID- 7208649 TI - Heart rate and somatomotor activity rats during signalled escape and yoked classical conditioning. PMID- 7208650 TI - On the singularity of taste sensations: what is a taste primary? PMID- 7208651 TI - Taste reactivity in rats following lesions of the zona incerta or amygdala. PMID- 7208652 TI - Olfactory sensitivity of rats reared in an odorous or deodorized environment. PMID- 7208653 TI - Development of food motivated behavior in free feeding and food restricted Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats. PMID- 7208654 TI - Some behavioral effects of selective neuronal depletion by kainic acid in the dorsal hippocampus of rats. PMID- 7208655 TI - Masculinization diminished by disruption of prenatal estrogen biosynthesis in male rats. PMID- 7208656 TI - Amygdala kindling during pregnancy in the rat. PMID- 7208657 TI - Nocturnal feeding behavior in the neonatal rat. PMID- 7208658 TI - Optic discriminator for single cell activity. PMID- 7208659 TI - Education in rehabilitation--sideshow or main event? PMID- 7208660 TI - The hand -- management after injury and operation. PMID- 7208661 TI - Assessment of the injured hand. PMID- 7208662 TI - Use of splintage in the rheumatoid hand after surgery. PMID- 7208663 TI - Benesh Movement Notation: an introduction to recording clinical data. Part 3: recording joint flexion and extension. PMID- 7208664 TI - Innervation of the nipple-areola complex. PMID- 7208665 TI - Facial hamartomas in children: neurofibroma, lymphangioma, and hemangioma. PMID- 7208666 TI - A microangiographic study of hematoma-associated flap necrosis and salvage with isoxsuprine. AB - Rat dorsal skin flaps predictably underwent full-thickness necrosis by 48 hours when hematoma had been placed beneath the flap. Microangiographic studies demonstrated failure of filling of the distal vasculature of these flaps. This was in marked contrast to the complete reestablishment of circulation in control flaps, overlying equal volumes of serum. The circulation of failing flaps overlying hematoma was restored with isoxsuprine given parenterally 1 hour preoperatively and every 4 hours for 24 hours postoperatively. This pharmacologic regimen gave consistent reestablishment of flap perfusion and flap survival. The toxic component of hematoma acts on the circulation to a skin flap. This may be at the same level of the vasculature as the vasodilating action of isoxsuprine. PMID- 7208667 TI - Quantification of tissue fluorescein delivery and prediction of flap viability with the fiberoptic dermofluorometer. AB - Quantitative fluorescence assessment with the fiberoptic dermofluorometer has been introduced to overcome the inadequacies of ultraviolet inspection following intravenous administration of fluorescein. Initial applications in the pedicle flap of the rat have indicated that this method can predict flap viability with reproducible precision and accuracy. This minimally invasive technique should be of considerable assistance to the evaluation of hypoperfused states in laboratory and clinical situations. PMID- 7208668 TI - The subcutaneous mastectomy cripple: surgical rehabilitation with the latissimus dorsi flap. AB - Despite the advances in reconstruction after subcutaneous mastectomy, we have seen a group of patients who have developed disabling complications of their surgery. These patients have become "subcutaneous mastectomy cripples." In general, these patients have two primary reconstructive problems: (1) inadequate coverage of their silicone implant, and (2) loss of breast skin from infection and ischemic necrosis of skin flaps. The latissimus dorsi flap easily corrects these two defects. We have presented our experience with the "subcutaneous mastectomy cripple" and described the use of latissimus dorsi muscle and musculocutaneous flaps in their management. PMID- 7208669 TI - Restoration of facial contour using free vascularized omental transfer. AB - Three cases are described in which free omental transfer was utilized for facial soft tissue augmentation. Dissections in 30 cadavers confirmed the five patterns of vascular distribution, the diameter of the omental vessels, and the fat distribution within the greater omentum. The versatile omentum offers many advantages over the "deepithelialized" groin flap: long pedicle, larger vessel size, less bulk, and tissue that can be layered upon itself. Retention of septae along the natural facial contour lines has improved the placement and minimized the late migration of transferred omental tissue. PMID- 7208670 TI - The effect of pharyngeal flap surgery on the movements of the lateral pharyngeal walls. AB - Observations of prepharyngeal and postpharyngeal flap degrees of lateral pharyngeal wall movement seem to indicate that some individuals have the ability to alter patterns of lateral pharyngeal wall motion. However, most of the subjects did not show changes in lateral pharyngeal wall motion, and in those who did show changes, the effects of speech therapy could not be excluded. Therefore, the suggestion that pharyngeal flaps should be "tailored" to the size of the gap in the velopharyngeal sphincter seems valid. Or, to put it differently, it seems likely that in many individuals, if the pharyngeal flap constructed is not as broad as the velopharyngeal gap, velopharyngeal insufficiency and hypernasality are likely to persist because most often the lateral pharyngeal wall movement will not adapt to the presence of a new structure in the pharynx. PMID- 7208671 TI - Hemi-tongue flaps. AB - We describe a design for tongue flaps that utilizes the full thickness of the hemi-mobile tongue that provides mucosal lining, muscle bulk, and a long, supple, nonrestricting pedicle. The method was used in six children who had large palatal defects and allowed complete and permanent closure without any of the complications previously associated with lingual flaps. PMID- 7208672 TI - The Skoog rhinoplasty: a modified technique. AB - This study is a 6-year experience with 305 cases in which the technique was used for large noses. The techniques described is based on the Skoog rhinoplasty principle: autografting the osteocartilagineous nasal dorsum after its reduction to the best suitable shape and size, so that the osseous part of the graft lies on the remaining nasal bones. The authors have conjointly used the intracartilaginous approach, which leaves a unique scar away from the graft, and the extramucosal dissection, which keeps the graft separated from the nasal cavity by an intact mucosal lining. They also used the internal lateral osteotomy, which reduces postoperative swelling. The technique is described with all details. The cases shown demonstrate that this type of rhinoplasty prevents the middle third retraction because of the osteocartilaginous graft and most of the common secondary deformities. The analysis of results obtained in this series show 89 percent excellent (patient and surgeon pleased). Secondary correction had to be done in eight cases, by reducing or removing the graft. PMID- 7208673 TI - Extensor digitorum turn-down muscle flap. AB - When the extensor digitorum longus--a multisegmentally vascular-supplied muscle- is rotated distally, its origin can be used for covering defects in the lower one third of the leg. We have used this technique successfully in four consecutive patients, and it has resulted in osteomyelitic cavity obliteration in three and a stable skin coverage in all four. PMID- 7208674 TI - Reconstruction of the scrotum by thigh flaps. AB - We have done four cases of scrotal reconstruction. In these patients, the scrotal skin was lost as a result of either gangrene of the scrotum or from trauma, surgical or mechanical. The technique of coverage by thigh flaps is a single staged operation. It gives a pleasing appearance to the genitalia and maintains the testicular function. PMID- 7208675 TI - One-stage reconstruction of the scrotum following Fournier's syndrome using a probable arterial flap. AB - A one-stage procedure is described for restoring the scrotum in a patient who suffered from Fournier's gangrene. The proximal superiomedial-based thigh flaps employed are most likely arterial flaps. These flaps are also well innervated, which makes them ideal for the purpose of scrotal reconstruction. PMID- 7208676 TI - Accessory scrotum. AB - A case of rare accessory scrotum has been presented. Previous literature is reviewed and the cause has been discussed. Surgery was performed successfully. PMID- 7208677 TI - Nevus lipomatosus superficialis circumscriptus. AB - A case of an infant with a large (7 x 5 x 2 cm) solitary cutaneous nevus lipomatosus is reported. As far as we can ascertain, similar large solitary lesions of this type have not been previously reported. PMID- 7208678 TI - Familial multiple lipomatosis. AB - The literature on familial multiple lipomatosis is reviewed, and a striking case is described. The associated family history is outlined. Excisional biopsy is advocated when there is doubt in terms of diagnosis, pain, or functional impairment. PMID- 7208679 TI - A simple technique for reduction of the earlobe. AB - A simple technique for reduction of the earlobe is presented. This technique, unlike previously reported ones, leaves no scars visible on the anterior surface of the earlobe. Because of its simplicity, this technique leaves little chance for error. PMID- 7208680 TI - The ear meter: a device for exact measurement and placement of newly formed ears. PMID- 7208681 TI - The use of a preoperative pattern in chest wall reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. AB - To use the entire muscle for breast reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap, the location of the skin ellipse on the back is planned with a cloth pattern. The technique as used in two patients is described and illustrated. PMID- 7208682 TI - Insulated forceps: rolling your own. PMID- 7208683 TI - Microsurgical loop. PMID- 7208684 TI - Hemodynamic considerations in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations of the face and scalp. AB - Our diagnostic and therapeutic approach to arteriovenous malformation is based on the available knowledge of the hemodynamics of these lesions. Four cases are presented. One demonstrates the deleterious effects of proximal vessel ligation. Two cases are treated with flow-controlled embolization, wide excision, and axial flap coverage of the defect with no recurrence on physical examination at more than 2 years. The final case illustrates a relatively small arteriovenous malformation that replaced one-half of the lower lip and chin. An extensive resection is done and the defect is reconstructed with an innervated and well vascularized neck flap. PMID- 7208685 TI - Topical chemotherapy of pigment abnormalities in surgical patients. AB - Disorders of epidermal pigmentation not amenable to surgical intervention were treated with topical agents in 15 patients. In cases of hypopigmentation, methoxsalen 1% solution was applied prior to photosensitizing ultraviolet light exposures on alternate days for 2 to 6 months. In cases of hyperpigmentation, hydroquinone 4%, retinoic acid 0.05%, and triamcinolone acetonide 0.25% were applied twice daily for 6 weeks. Of three patients with surgically induced depigmentation, all had moderate repigmentation. Of 12 patients with hyperpigmentation, 4 had significant resolution, 5 had partial resolution, and 3 failed to complete the study. Overall, 6 of the 15 patients reported marked satisfaction with their therapy. Mild localized phototoxicity or irritant reactions were the only complications. Topical chemotherapy produced subjective and objective improvement in all patients who completed a therapeutic trial for either hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation, and in several patients the results were excellent. The safety of these medications and the lack of acceptable alternatives justify their further use in appropriate clinical settings. PMID- 7208686 TI - Primary reconstruction after total or extended total maxillectomy for maxillary cancer. AB - Conventional total and extended total maxillectomy for maxillary cancer have frequently brought about severe facial deformity and functional impairment. To minimize these postoperative problems, we have applied primary reconstructive procedures utilizing chiefly the deltopectoral flap with or without bone grafting in 46 patients. The results were fairly satisfactory judging not only from postoperative cosmetic and functional viewpoints but also from evaluation of long term survival rate of maxillary cancer. Primary reconstruction was most advantageous because it allowed sufficient resection of the maxilla and surrounding tissue without much regard for postoperative problems. Indications and details of our reconstructive procedures were described and discussed. PMID- 7208687 TI - Surgical treatment of fiber-implanted scalps. AB - The treatment of synthetic fiber-implanted scalp has not been standardized. Eleven cases are reviewed to present our experience in the treatment of this problem. Technical consideration and recent findings are discussed. PMID- 7208688 TI - Periareolar subpectoral augmentation mammaplasty. AB - A modification of an established technique to augment the breast is described. Thirty patients underwent subpectoral augmentation though a periareolar incision with a follow-up period of 10 to 16 months. The purpose was to combine the benefit of subpectoral placement (to minimize capsular contracture) with an inconspicuous scar, which usually results from the periareolar approach. Under general anesthesia a periareolar incision was used. Dissection proceeded straight down to the pectoralis muscle, which was split between its fibers to enter the areolar subpectoral plane. The origin of the muscle from the ribs and part of the sternum was detached and the pocket was subcutaneously extended lateral to the muscle. Thus a larger than otherwise expected implant could be inserted without the problem of displacement by the muscle, Postoperative tonometry was done to quantitate the degree of breast softness. Initial results suggested that (1) the incidence of capsular contracture can be reduced by virtue of using th subpectoral plane; (2) breast tonometry measurements of brest softness or firmness correlate well with the clinical impression; (3) the periareolar scar is superior to the inframammary scar; and (4) the periareolar approach allows easy access to the subpectoral plane and allows for better visualization of the muscular detachment. PMID- 7208689 TI - The rhombic flap. AB - The Limberg rhombic flap is one of the best techniques for covering a skin defect that is not amenable to straight-line closure. It is a simple, versatile technique that requires only the correct placement of a rhombic donor flap for its execution. An easy method is presented for planning the design of a rhombic flap to take full advantage of all its possibilities. PMID- 7208690 TI - The use of slide-swing plasty in closing skin defects: a clinical study based on 1,308 cases. AB - The results of the slide-swing plasty are reviewed over a period of 16 years. A total of 1,308 patients were analyzed with regard to location and etiology. The slide-swing plasty has proved successful in practice. Its great advantage consists in the possibility of closing large defects without skin grafting. Compared to other methods, the slide-swing plasty offers additional possibilities concerning location and size. Furthermore, regional anatomic peculiarities can add to the possibilities of this procedure. Not the least interesting is the direct closing of the donor site. PMID- 7208691 TI - Reciprocal incisions for closure of circular skin defects. AB - With the use of a circular incision, adequate safe margins are obtained and, at the same time, waste of sound skin is minimized. The main problem is that the resultant circular defect may prove to be very difficult to close. Several methods currently used to close a circular defect are described. The use of the reciprocal incisions provides a method of closure that adapts to the size of the lesion and to the anatomical characteristics of the skin. A detailed description of this technique is given for each of the reciprocal incisions (double S, bow tie, and combined V-incision). A geometrical analysis in reference to the size of th incision, waste of sound skin, length, profile, and plasticity of the suture line is presented. A model to measure the skin after closure of a circular defect is described. The real advantage in choosing one of the reciprocal incisions lies on the resultant profile and plasticity of the suture line. Finally, the practical application of the reciprocal incisions is discussed. PMID- 7208692 TI - Improved reliability in tumor diagnosis by fine needle aspiration. AB - A simple but useful modification of sample preparation of fine needle aspirates of soft tissue masses is presented, in conjunction with its assessment by a controlled study. The modification, employing routine histologic techniques, reduces the requirement for cytopathologic expertise. The potential utility of fine needle aspiration is thereby significantly expanded. In addition, this modification allows the pathologist to use special tissue strains or electron microscopy as options, when necessary, to enhance diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 7208693 TI - Heat tolerance in patients with extensive healed burns. AB - Some thermoregulatory parameters of 10 subjects with healed burns were studied. The subjects, 4 of whom had healed burns of over 40 percent (group A) and 6 with burns smaller than 30 percent (group B) were assigned in a climatic chamber to 3 hours bench stepping (30 cm height) under 40 degrees C and 50 percent relative humidity. Rectal temperature, weighted skin temperature, heat storage, and heart rate were all found to be significantly higher in group A than in group B or group C (control group of normal subjects). No significant difference was observed between groups B and C. A highly significant linear correlation (r = 0.89) was found between the sweat rate and percentage of burned area. In addition, 3 subjects of group A terminated the study after less than 90 minutes. Two subjects in group B terminated the study after 120 and 135 minutes, while all subjects of group C finished the entire 3 hour work. The study indicates that subjects with burns of over 40 percent could be classified as heat intolerant due to a pronounced reduction in perspiration area. PMID- 7208694 TI - Effects of various sera on growth kinetics and collagen synthesis by keloid and normal dermal fibroblasts. AB - Fibroblasts derived from normal dermis and keloids were cultured in nutrient medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, serum from keloid patients, and serum from age-, sex-, and race-matched nonkeloid formers. Cell numbers were determined at various times during the growth period, and collagen synthesis was analyzed on day 7. In lag phase, keloid-derived fibroblasts were significantly reduced in all sera compared with normal dermal fibroblasts. However, beyond day 2, the growth kinetics of both cell types were similar in keloid and control human sera. Furthermore, collagen synthesis relative to total protein synthesis (percent) was similar in keloid and control human sera. Although systemic factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of keloids and other fibrotic diseases such as scleroderma and pulmonary fibrosis, this study demonstrates that serum from keloid patients does not contain a factor(s) that significantly modifies the in vitro growth kinetics or collagen synthesis of keloid-derived or normal dermal fibroblasts. PMID- 7208695 TI - Ivalon breast prostheses: evaluation 19 years after implantation. AB - Ivalon sponge prostheses, which had been removed from a patient after 19 years, were studied mechanically by light microscopy, by scanning electron microscopy, and by dot map x-ray microanalysis. This study revealed the following. The firmness of these implants was due entirely to their external fibrous capsule, which was 4 to 5 mm in thickness. Once this capsule was incised through, the mechanical compression properties of the implants were identical to fresh unused Ivalon sponge. Contrary to previous observations that Ivalon sponge becomes extensively infiltrated with fibrous tissue, the present implants demonstrated fibrous tissue ingrowth only 2 to 3 mm into the sponge. The open porous nature of the sponge had been preserved after the 19-year implantation period. Whereas extensive calcium and phosphate deposition had previously been demonstrated when Ivalon was implanted into animals, no significant deposition of these ions was observed in the present study. PMID- 7208696 TI - Free vascularized whole-joint transplants with ununited epiphyses. PMID- 7208698 TI - Alternatives to anterior-posterior packs for epistaxis. AB - This paper describes two alternatives to a conventional anterior-posterior pack for control of posterior epistaxis. Both methods involve occluding the posterior choana with finger-cot packs introduced through the anterior nares. These have proved effective in controlling bleeding with significant reduced morbidity. PMID- 7208697 TI - Hematoma postrhytidectomy: how we treat it. AB - A simple method for treating postrhytidectomy hematomas is described. Its main advantage is that reoperation is avoided. PMID- 7208699 TI - Intravenous fluorescein for evaluating the dusky nipple-areola during reduction mammaplasty. AB - The intravenous fluorescein test is a useful, safe adjunct in assessing the breast skin, as well as the nipple-areola complex, in reduction mammaplasties. If all the tissue fluoresces, one can safely assume that the area will go on to remain viable. If the nipple-areola does not fluoresce, the breast should be reexplored. Anything that subsequently fluoresces generally remains viable. If the nipple-areola remains nonfluorescent, then it should be converted to a full thickness graft. PMID- 7208700 TI - Death and dignity, or tribute to a gutsy lady. PMID- 7208701 TI - Functional radical neck dissection. PMID- 7208702 TI - Reconstruction of umbilicus. PMID- 7208703 TI - Digit replantation with full survival after 28 hours of cold ischemia. PMID- 7208704 TI - [Skin exposure with telecesium therapy using the radiotherapy instrument "Cesioterax 3"]. PMID- 7208705 TI - [On the technique of irregular large fields (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208706 TI - [Development prognosis in serious skull and brain injuries in children]. AB - The long-term control of the developmental process of 16 children after an apallic syndrome shows that the remaining neurological functional disturbances are the more severe, the older the patients were at the time of the accident, while the disturbance of the intellectual development is the more pronounced, the younger the children were. The clinical picture of the cerebro-organic psychosyndrome changes in the course of the development. Also in case of a good regression of the neurological functional disturbances and the possibility of a further attendance of a normal school, the patients will often no more be able to meet the requirements of an independent conduct of life later, similar to the patient with injuries of the frontal lobe of the brain. PMID- 7208707 TI - [Neuropsychiatric follow-up of four- to eleven-year-old children with conspicuous skull diaphanoscopy (transillumination) findings in infancy]. AB - Out of a group diaphanoscopically conspicuous infants a random test including 58 children was carried out in the form of psychological (HAWIK and SIT) and motometric (ROS) checkups and correlated with the findings obtained in babies and infants. In spite of a considerable delay in development (60 per cent of the children) in the first two years of life, the children showed on an average a normal intelligence in later years; in children at school age, however, a statistically significant fine-motor weakness was found. The incidence of convulsive fits was three to four times that of the normal. The subdural effusion (SDE) is considered as a factor of a disposition to the manifestation of an epilepsy although the high correlation of SDE and epilepsy mentioned in the literature could not be confirmed. PMID- 7208708 TI - [Indication for and value of scintigraphy of the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid spaces]. AB - The experience gained in 56 scintigraphic examinations of the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid space with differential-diagnostic clearing-up of hydrocephalus, in the demonstration and the localization of liquorrhea and spinal fluid passage disturbances are reported. The procedure has proved to be very reliable, side-reactions need not be expected when using Yb169-DTPA. PMID- 7208709 TI - [Radiation myelopathy following radiotherapy of larynx cancer]. AB - On the basis of a case of radiation myelopathy after irradiation of a larynx carcinoma, the morphological characteristics and the clinical phenomena are demonstrated. In spite of constant improvement of the radiation therapy, the occurrence of a radiation damage of the central nervous system must be expected and included in the differential-diagnostic considerations. PMID- 7208710 TI - [Spinal epidural lipoma as a cause of paraplegia]. AB - Two cases (a 56-year-old woman and a 57-year-old man) with spinal epidural lipomas are described. In the discussion, the origin, the development and the biological valence of this spinal growth are dealt with. Besides, the age of the manifestation of the neurological symptoms, the localization, the clinical symptoms, diagnosis and differential diagnosis as well as therapy and prognosis of these tumours, which are rarely found in the spinal canal, are discussed. With the exclusion of the lipomatosis combined with lumbosacral malformations of the spinal column, the literature contains reports on about 66 cases of epidural and intradural spinal lipomas described until now. PMID- 7208711 TI - [Changes in the relation between therapist and group in the phases of intended dynamic group psychotherapy]. AB - The progress of a group under intended dynamic direction was recorded over a period of 65 hours on the basis of interaction frequencies and directions as well as interaction contents and styles. It could be demonstrated that by means of this relatively simple or global approach an adequate and sufficiently sensitive picture of the therapist/patient activities and their phase-specific change could be reflected. On the basis of an example of a cohesive group, the change in significance of the therapist postulated in our conception and the interaction process between group, therapist and patient could be confirmed. The data obtained for the individual hours have been condensed for a demonstration of the phase-typical course. PMID- 7208712 TI - [Edematous changes in the ultrastructure of the neocortex of Wistar rats following the application of angiotensin II]. AB - In 80 Wistar rats were investigated the prolonged action of Angiotensin II in a dosage of 0,05 mg/kg/die ip. appl. on microstructures of the sensomotoric cortex. It is observed, after the first application, a biphasic reaction of brain vessels, in the beginning a pronounced vasodilatation (5 min p.-inject) which 10 min later turn into a vasoconstriction. In correlation with the applications frequency the repeated injection of the octapeptide leads to perivascular edemas. Neurons of the sensomotoric cortex show strong swellings, which later turn in to involutions. Pronounced destructions of mitochondria are demonstrable. Conceivable mechanisms were discussed. PMID- 7208713 TI - [Experimental hydrocephalus using prolonged angiotensin II application]. AB - In 80 wistar rats were investigated the prolonged action of Angiotensin II in a dosage of 0,05 mg/kg/die ip. appl. on macrostructures of brain. We tested the material 1-, 3-, 7-, 14- and 21 days after the first application. In correlation with duration of the Angiotensin II action a hydroencephalie was produced. This was marked by a lumen, so big as a 1/4-1/5 of the whole brain extent. Further we observed a considerable atrophy of brain structures, particularly in the corpus callosum and the white and gray Substance of cortex. Light-microscopically we would prove edemas perivasculary with separations of ependymal cells. Conceivable mechanisms were discussed. PMID- 7208714 TI - Intimate play and marital adaptation. AB - LITTLE attention has been given to the contribution of spontaneous, idiosyncratically elaborated "intimate play" to marital adjustment. This exploratory paper draws upon research and clinical interviews with married couples, ethological observations and children's play, and psychoanalytic object relations conceptions of adaptive regression. An understanding of intimate play is developed based on intrapsychic structures and interpersonal process, with several dimensions explored and illustrated in depth: its context, ritualizations, growth-potentiating aspects, and the range of adaptations it reflects. Intimate play is seen as having a role in positive bonding, communication, and conflict reduction, and more generally, as tending to stabilize a marital relationship. The clinical implications of the various phenomena associated with intimate play are also considered. PMID- 7208715 TI - Some notes on the foundations and scope of intensive design. AB - IN THE application of single-case and intensive design to the study of psychopathology and interpersonal processes the primary focus is upon the data of the individual subject as distinct from that of a sample of subjects. Such models begin with the notion that personality processes are stochastic processes. That is, one's moods, affects, signs and symptoms, and interactions with others out of the past or from the present fluctuate over time and with respect to various contingencies in a probability space of a very high order of dimensionality. In practice--that is, in relation to application to a given study or set of studies- we are of course constrained to consider just a very small subspace of this huge hyperspace. PMID- 7208716 TI - Cross-cultural perspectives on penis envy. AB - From the outset, Freud's notion of penis envy stirred controversy within and outside the psychoanalytic movement (Fliegel 1973; Moulton 1975). charges leveled at the theory ranged from biological improbability to lack of clinical support, but the most compelling challenge has always been Clara Thompson's formulation that what women really envy is not male anatomy but male status and power, for which the penis is a convenient symbol (1941, 1942, 1943, 1950). But despite the inherent plausibility of Thompson's argument, empirical evidence has never been adduced to confirm it. This paper reports a cross-cultural investigation that lends support to Thompson's view. In this study, the extent of penis envy imagery in the dreams of women from 20 cultures was correlated with a measure of female status in those cultures; an inverse relationship was found demonstrating that the higher social position of these women, the less they manifested penis envy fantasies in their dreams. For the men from these cultures, penis envy fantasies varied not with the status of women but with the visibility of sex differences, suggesting that penis envy may have a different and more literal meaning for men than for women. The clinical and social implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7208717 TI - Psychological aspects of art collecting. AB - WHAT impels the art collector to acquire works of art? Art historians have steadfastly turned their backs on this question, and psychiatrists and psychoanalysts have not had much to say on the matter either. Patients, after all, do not seek psychiatric services because they are collectors. Yet to anyone at all familiar with art collectors, it is clear that their reasons for collecting are both diverse and complex. They may range from relatively pure ones like those suggested in the passage from Borne, just as applicable to art as to poetry, all the way to the much crasser ones alluded to by Rush. Here I shall have nothing to say about those who collect for profit pure and simple, who may even buy paintings in wholesale lots only to stash them away in a warehouse until they have risen in value. This breed, which has increased apace with the feverish growth of the art business in recent years, does not collect art for art's sake. It is rather to the collector whose motives for collecting are primarily nonmonetary that I want to turn my attention. PMID- 7208718 TI - The role of the consultant in the case conference: some neglected aspects. AB - THE case conference is a staple of academic life in psychiatry. Ostensibly, it provides the teaching hospital with a forum for considering issues of diagnosis, treatment, and interview technique. On an inpatient service, the case conference also holds the potential for uncovering the covert dynamics at work in the treatment setting; it is the task of the consultant who leads the conference to see that this potential is met. A major part of the consultant's work is bringing to life the hidden agendas of the conference. These hidden agendas are usually unconscious needs or wishes of the staff which are played out in relation to the consultant. Staff members attempt to influence the consultant to fulfill one of three basic wishes: the wish that the consultant ally himself with a certain faction; the wish that he sanction a position that has already been adopted; the wish that he expose or punish those whom the staff members are afraid to confront directly. These agendas provide the key to identifying central conflicts which obstruct therapeutic work. Although most often these conflicts appear between staff and patient, they also arise among staff members as well as between the unit staff and the hospital administration. This paper will examine examples of the dynamics of these hidden agendas and show how they reflect the influence which the patient has on the staff. PMID- 7208719 TI - Self, other, and astrology: esoteric therapy in Sri Lanka. AB - HARRY STACK SULLIVAN'S argument that anxiety as a fundamental human experience is alleviated by the use of various procedures that he called "security operations" is used in this paper to examine the meaning of astrology in Sri Lanka. Astrology and the doctrine of karma provide the relevant framework in which various forms of misfortune are understood and handled. An examination of cases in Sri Lanka reveals that astrology and the doctrine of karma enable a person of that culture to create a number of structures which have a therapeutic effect. PMID- 7208720 TI - Type A behavior and ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 7208721 TI - The ethological approach to aggression. PMID- 7208722 TI - The clinical approach to criminology. AB - The crucial importance of economic, social and political factors in the definition and incidence of crime is undeniable, as is the need for socio political change, but the part played by individual characteristics in determining who becomes labelled a criminal should not be neglected. Clinical criminology studies offenders as individuals, examines their peculiarities and their social problems and seeks ways to help them to lead less troubled lives. A wide range of treatment interventions is required, the psychiatric approach is not always the most appropriate. In view of the lack of success in reducing recidivism by means of treatment, penologists see little justification for continuing to try. More successes might be recognized if treatment schemes were applied with greater realism and discrimination, and if proper evaluations were made more often. In any event, some offenders need treatment regardless of the effect upon their offending behaviour. PMID- 7208723 TI - A prospective study of children with head injuries: I. Design and methods. AB - The main unresolved issues with respect to the psychological sequelae of brain damage in childhood are noted, and the previous studies of children suffering head injury are critically reviewed. A new prospective study is described. Three groups of children were studied: (a) 31 children with "severe" head injuries resulting in a post-traumatic amnesia of at least 7 days; (b) an individually matched control group of 28 children with hospital-treated orthopaedic injuries; and (c) 29 children with "mild" head injuries resulting in a post-traumatic amnesia exceeding 1 hour but less than 1 week. The children were studied as soon as possible after the accident and then again 4 months, 1 year, and 2 1/4 years after the injury. The parents were interviewed, using systematic and standardized interview techniques; both parents and teachers completed behavioural questionnaires; and the children were seen for individual psychological testing the WISC, the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability and a battery of tests of more specific cognitive functions. At the final follow-up, the severe head injury group (but not the other 2 groups) received a systematic neurological examination and the school teacher who knew the child best was personally interviewed. The findings are given on physical handicap, neurological abnormality, school placement and psychiatric referrals. All types of disabilities were both more frequent and more persistent in the children with severe head injuries. PMID- 7208724 TI - Socio-cultural factors in the development of anorexia nervosa. AB - A population of professional dance (N = 183) and modelling (N = 56) students, who by career choice must focus increased attention and control over their body shapes, was studied. Height and weight data were obtained on all subjects. In addition, a questionnaire that is useful in assessing the symptoms of anorexia nervosa, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), was administered. Results of these tests were compared with those of normal female university students (N = 59), patients with anorexia nervosa (N = 68), and music students (N = 35). Anorexia nervosa and excessive dieting concerns were overrepresented in the dance and modelling students. Twelve cases (6.5%) of primary anorexia nervosa were detected in the dance group. All but one case developed the disorder while studying dance. Within the dance group those from the most competitive environments had the greatest frequency of anorexia nervosa. These data suggest that both pressures to be slim and achievement expectations are risk factors in the development of anorexia nervosa. The influence of socio-cultural determinants are discussed within the context of anorexia nervosa as a multidetermined disorder. PMID- 7208725 TI - Aspects of cognitive activity in schizophrenia. AB - The application of Piaget's genetic psychology tests to schizophrenic patients yielded the following findings. The intelligence quotient of schizophrenics, although within the normal range, is slightly lower than that of a control population of similar age. This is due not to a loss of the operations of the intellect, but to a difficulty experienced by the patients in actualizing the operations. The difficulty is seen particularity in operations dealing with specific objects which require a constant maintenance of the equilibrium between assimilation and accommodation. The thought processes of hebephrenic patients oscillate between excessive assimilation, resulting in distortion of observable data, and excessive accommodation which by adhering to the observable data distorts the reasoning processing. The thought processes of paranoid schizophrenics are dominated by excessive assimilation. This predominance explains their tendency to distort observable data and their difficulty in the generalization of reasoning; it also has an impact on the assimilation/accommodation equilibrium of thier logical operations, leading to (a) difficulties in delimiting reflecting abstractions, and therefore the comprehension and extension of concepts, and (b) loss of proof based on logico mathematical reasoning and, as a result, a propensity to resort to magical thinking and subjective explanations. PMID- 7208726 TI - HLA antigens and affective disorder: a family case report. AB - A family of 6 affective ill siblings is described. Two suffered from bipolar illnesses, 2 from recurrent unipolar illness, and the remainder showed alcoholism, depression and schizo-affective disorder. HLA typing revealed that all the tested members shared the antigens A3 and B7. Because only ill members were available for testing, there was insufficient information in the family to draw any definite conclusion as to whether these antigens were linked to the illness. However, the observation is of some interest in the light of other recent reports which have suggested that these 2 antigens are associated with affective disorder. PMID- 7208728 TI - Women whose mothers died in childhood: an outcome study. PMID- 7208727 TI - Aircraft noise and mental health: I. Prevalence of individual symptoms. AB - A domiciliary survey (sample size circa 6000) was conducted in areas of different aircraft noise exposure affected by London (Heathrow) Airport. Respondents were urban dwellers age 16+. Since no differences were found in the prevalence of manifest psychiatric disorders, the frequency of 27 individual acute and chronic symptoms was investigated. Many acute symptoms showed an increase with noise, and this was particularly evident for waking at night, irritability, depression, difficulty in getting to sleep, swollen ankles, burns/cuts/minor accidents, and skin troubles. Two chronic symptoms, tinnitus and ear problems, showed evidence of an increase with noise, while most other chronic symptoms were more common in low noise conditions. Results are controlled for the effects of age, sex and other standard epidemiological variables. Irrespective of their association with noise, most symptoms, chronic and acute, were more frequent among those respondents who also reported high annoyance. Suggestions for the analysis of surveys of health effects by noise are put forward. PMID- 7208729 TI - The predisposition to hallucinate. AB - It is argued that people who are predisposed to mistake a vivid imagination image for a genuine percept (i.e. hallucinators) should show an impaired ability to make clear perceptual-conceptual distinctions (i.e. boundary confusion) and should lack familiarity with internal sources of information. A test of these hypotheses was undertaken by comparing a group of "alcoholic" hallucinators with a group of "alcoholic" non-hallucinators. Some support is claimed for the "boundary confusion" hypothesis but not for the "lack of familiarity" hypothesis. Specifically, it was found that hallucinators performed significantly worse than non-hallucinators on the Embedded Figures Test (a measure of perceptual boundary confusion) and on the Intersensory Time Judgement Test (a measure of conceptual boundary confusion). These results are discussed in relation to other aspects of the predisposition to hallucinate. Some specific research needs are described. PMID- 7208730 TI - Measuring social relationships. The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction. AB - It is generally recognized that social relationships occupy a central position in psychiatry. To examine the role of social relationships in the onset of minor psychiatric morbidity it is necessary to construct an instrument which will meet the need for a valid, reliable and comprehensive index of social relationships. Such an instrument has now been developed and used in a sample of the general population. The Interview Schedule for Social Interaction arose from a research need, and was constructed to assess the availability and perceived adequacy for any individual of a number of facets of social relationships. These consist both of persons and of the provisions obtained through them. Data from a general population sample suggest this instrument to be sufficiently valid and reliable, and also sensitive to predictable variations between sociodemographic groups, to justify its use in clinical and epidemiological studies, both in psychiatry and general medicine. PMID- 7208731 TI - Social Desirability, defensiveness and self-report psychiatric inventory scores. AB - The effects of social desirability and defensiveness on scores on 2 self-report psychiatric inventories, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ) were investigated in a female subject group assessed for research purposes in an occupational setting. It was found that defensiveness did not affect the reporting of somatic symptoms, but it significantly affected the reporting of all psychological distress. The effect of social desirability was more specific, only the GHQ social dysfunction subscale showing a significant correlation, an effect attributable to the influence of the setting in which the data were obtained. PMID- 7208732 TI - WHO collaborative study: assessment of depressive disorders. AB - In the context of an ongoing WHO research programme in depression, a total of 573 patients consulting psychiatrists in Canada, Iran, Japan and Switzerland were assessed with the WHO/SADD schedule which proved to be a simple and reliable instrument for standardized recording of clinical data. The results indicated that the "average" depressive patients seeking care in culturally different settings have many clinical features in common. A screening instrument, developed in the same study, has been shown to be effective in selecting depressive patients among in- and out-patient populations. PMID- 7208733 TI - Minor psychiatric morbidity in employed men and women and its contribution to sickness absence. AB - A pilot study is described on 41 men and women of similar age, social and educational backgrounds, in 2 working environments. The use of psychiatric interviews in such occupational settings is demonstrated to be acceptable to both management and employees. Preliminary coefficients of validity for the General Health Questionnaire are found to compare favourably with those in clinical or community settings. Though the prevalence of minor psychiatric morbidity in these small samples did not differ between the sexes, the women had twice as many spells of absence as the men. Considering women separately, minor psychiatric morbidity was found to be significantly correlated with absence. However, psychiatric illness was a less important predictor of absence in men. PMID- 7208734 TI - A double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial of carbamazepine in overactive, severely mentally handicapped patients. AB - A double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial of carbamazepine in 12 severely and profoundly mentally retarded, overactive adult patients is described. The trial lasted 7 months and those patients in whom overactivity was the dominant problem responded to some degree to carbamazepine with a reduction in overactivity. This was particularly so in patients in whom overactivity was accompanied by some elevation of mood. Patients in whom overactivity was part of a wider spectrum of multiple behaviour disorders showed a scatter of responses. There was no relationship between response to carbamazepine and the presence or absence of epilepsy. The trial identified a small group of mentally retarded patients in whom carbamazepine might be clinically useful. PMID- 7208735 TI - Asperger's syndrome: a clinical account. AB - The clinical features, course, aetiology, epidemiology, differential diagnosis and management of Asperger's syndrome are described. Classification is discussed and reasons are given for including the syndrome, together with early childhood autism, in a wider group of conditions which have, in common, impairment of development of social interaction, communication and imagination. PMID- 7208736 TI - The psychosexual histories of adolescent girls and young women with anorexia nervosa. AB - Comprehensive psychosexual histories were elicited from 31 female patients with anorexia nervosa. The subjects showed a wide spectrum of sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. Some appeared to be markedly inhibited, while others were experienced and assertive in regard to sexual matters. Age at interview appeared to be the major factor determining whether individual patients were sexually experienced or not. A majority of patients felt that a sexual challenge had precipitated their illness, and most reported a decrease in sexual interest and enjoyment following weight loss, particularly when this was severe. The effect of the illness on actual sexual behaviour, however, was variable, some patients decreasing and others increasing their sexual activity. PMID- 7208737 TI - Anorexia nervosa and 'Turner syndrome': cause or coincidence? AB - We report the eleventh documented case of the concurrence of anorexia nervosa and 'Turner syndrome'. Although some authors have suggested that the 2 syndromes occur together more often than by chance, and 5% of anorexia nervosa patients karyotyped to data have 'Turner syndrome', recent evidence in fact suggests that the 2 conditions do not occur together more often than one would expect by chance. PMID- 7208738 TI - Body image in obese adults. AB - Data were gathered on 38 obese women and 16 obese men attending a weight reduction programme and on an equal number of normal weight controls, regarding accuracy of perception of body width in 4 regions, as well as attitudes towards body size. Obese subjects, particularly women, tended to overestimate body width and to dislike their bodies, but neither of these factors predicted success in losing weight. Age of onset of obesity was not related to degree of adult obesity or to accuracy of estimation of body width. PMID- 7208739 TI - Aircraft noise and mental health: II. Use of medicines and health care services. AB - A domiciliary survey (sample size circa 6000) was conducted in areas of different aircraft noise exposure affected by London (Heathrow) Airport. Respondents were urban dwellers aged 16+. Their use of medicines, general practitioner services, hospital facilities and community services were investigated in relation both to the level of aircraft noise and to the degree of annoyance it causes. None of the indicators showed higher uptake in the high noise areas. The relationships between health indicators, noise and annoyance were not uniform. In areas exposed to high noise the use of non-prescribed drugs was significantly higher among 'very annoyed' than among 'less annoyed' respondents. The uptake of psychotropic drugs, and the use of general practice and out-patient services, tended to increase with increasing annoyance both in high- and low-noise areas, but the differences were not in all cases statistically significant. Parallels were drawn between these results and those of earlier analyses of the same survey related to the prevalence of acute and chronic symptoms. Suggestions for the analysis and interpretation of health effects of noise are put forward. PMID- 7208740 TI - Domiciliary and out-patient treatment of self-poisoning patients by medical and non-medical staff. AB - In a study of domiciliary and out-patient treatment of self-poisoning patients, using a brief problem-orientated approach, it was found that domiciliary treatment resulted in much higher attendance rates but no difference in outcome. Patients who completed out-patient treatment had a better outcome than those who failed to attend treatment sessions. Completion of out-patient treatment was more frequent among higher social class patients. Domiciliary treatment may be more appropriate in some cases for married patients and for those of lower social class. Medical and non-medical staff proved to be equally effective therapists. Future research should be concerned with evaluation of alternative methods of provision of help and further identification of patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment. PMID- 7208741 TI - The role of linear models in psychiatric epidemiology. AB - The aim of this paper is to explain and to stress the importance of mathematical models and, in particular, linear models in the field of psychiatric epidemiology. An awareness of linear models is essential in contemplating the use of statistics of analyse epidemiological survey data, and in many cases the appropriate linear model is by far the most effective way of summarizing such data. PMID- 7208742 TI - The Present State Examination used by interviewers from a survey agency: report from the MRC Camberwell Community Survey. AB - A random sample of 800 men and women between the ages of 18 and 64 living in Camberwell, south-east London, were interviewed using a short form of the Present State Examination (PSE). The interviewers were from a professional Agency and had received a shortened version of the usual PSE training course. A further interview was sought one month later with all subjects who were above the threshold on the Index of Definition, and a sample of those below the threshold. At this interview the full PSE was administered by members of the MRC Social Psychiatry Unit. Forty-nine audiotapes of Agency interviews were available for the members of the MRC team to rate. This paper reports the reliability between interviewers. Techniques of comparison were chosen which enabled interviewer reliability to be assessed, without making the assumption that individual subjects would display the same symptom levels over a period of one month. There is strong evidence that at least 2 of the 8 Agency interviewers had thresholds that were lower than those of the MRC team for rating many of the common minor symptoms such as irritability, also the key symptom of depressed mood. At least 4 of the Agency interviewers, however, were rating in a similar manner to the MRC team. There was no marked tendency for thresholds to change over the 6-month period of interviewing. PMID- 7208743 TI - Lithium and the changing incidence of mania. AB - The use of lithium-containing compounds has increased dramatically since their introduction into the pharmacopoeia in 1968. However, there is no evidence of more than transitory decreases in admissions to hospital with mania. Such admissions, particularly for female readmissions, have increased. Reasons for this are suggested. PMID- 7208744 TI - The future of psychiatry in science and society. AB - Psychiatry is, in a number of ways, a unique area within medicine. It is a subject of intense public interest, with a wide-ranging influence on non-medical culture; its practitioners have a perplexing variety of strategies of diagnosis and treatment, the diversity of which can be attributed to the lack of understanding of the physical basis of mental disease. It is argued here (using schizophrenia as a particular example) that the special nature of the signs and symptoms of psychiatric disorders, involving mainly behavioural disturbances, and alterations of thought and mood, have led to particular social, even political, attitudes towards the mentally ill, to the segregation of psychiatry as a medical discipline and to a view of the disease process different from that operating in other areas of medicine. The future progress of psychiatry, both in science and in society, might depend on changes of attitude among psychiatrists themselves. PMID- 7208745 TI - Dementia, deep white matter damage and hypertension: 'Binswanger's disease'. AB - The clinical and neuropathological features are reported of 7 patients with organic intellectual impairment or dementia, hypertension and ischaemic destruction predominantly of the deep white matter of the cerebral hemispheres resembling that seen in infarction. The white matter changes have been dismissed as rare n the past, usually under the name of Binswanger's disease or subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, and without much concern for hypertension. There are now indications that this sort of case may not be uncommon. It can be suspected in life on CT scans. The accuracy of assessment of the pathological substrate of organic dementia, and therefore the strategies of research and treatment, might well benefit from further clinicopathological studies. PMID- 7208746 TI - A prospective study of children with head injuries: II. Cognitive sequelae. AB - A 2 1/4-year prospective study of children suffering head injury is described. Three groups of children were studied: (a) 31 children with 'severe' head injuries resulting in a post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) of at least 7 days; (b) an individually matched control group of 28 children with hospital treated orthopaedic injuries; and (c) 29 children with 'mild' head injuries resulting in a PTA exceeding 1 hour but less than 1 week. Individual psychological testing was carried out as soon as the child recovered from PTA, and then again 4 months, 1 year, and 2 1/4 years after the injury. A shortened version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability and a battery of tests of specific cognitive functions were employed. The mild head injury group had a mean level of cognitive functioning below the control group, but the lack of any recovery; during the follow-up period indicated that the intellectual impairment was not a consequence of the injury. In the severe head injury group, the presence of cognitive recovery and a 'dose-response' relationship with the degree of brain injury showed that the intellectual deficits were caused by brain damage. Some degree of cognitive impairment was common following head injuries giving rise to a PTA of at least 2 weeks. Conversely no cognitive sequelae, transient or persistent, could be detected when the PTA was less than 24 hours. The results were less consistent in the 1-day to 2-week PTA range, but the evidence suggested that a broadly defined threshold for impairment operated at about that level of severity of injury. Timed measures of visuo-spatial and visuo-motor skills tended to show more impairment than verbal skills but otherwise there was no suggestion of a specific pattern of cognitive deficit. Recovery was most rapid in the early months after injury, but substantial recovery continued for 1 year with some improvement continuing n the second year in some children, especially those with the most severe injuries. Age, sex and social class showed no significant effects on the course of recovery. PMID- 7208747 TI - A prospective study of children with head injuries: III. Psychiatric sequelae. AB - A 2 1/4-year prospective study of children suffering head injury is described. Three groups of children were studied: (a) 31 children with 'severe' head injuries resulting in a post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) of at least 7 days; (b) an individually matched control group of 28 children with hospital-treated orthopaedic injuries; and (c) 29 children with 'mild' head injuries resulting in a PTA exceeding 1 hour but less than 1 week. A retrospective assessment of the children's pre-accident behaviour was obtained by parental interview and teacher questionnaire immediately after the accident and before the behavioural sequelae of the injury could be known. Further psychiatric assessments were undertaken 4 months, 1 year and 2 1/4 years after the initial injury. The mild head injury group showed a raised level of behavioural disturbance before the accident but no increase thereafter. It was concluded that head injuries resulting in a PTA of less than 1 week did not appreciably increase the psychiatric risk. By contrast, there was a marked increase in psychiatric disorders following severe head injury. The high rate of new disorders in children with severe head injuries who were without disorder before the accident, together with the finding of a dose response relationship with the severity of brain injury, indicated a causal relationship. However, the development of psychiatric disorders in children with severe head injuries was also influenced by the children's pre-accident behaviour, their intellectual level, and their psychosocial circumstances. With the exception of social disinhibition and a slight tendency for the disorders to show greater persistence over time, the disorders attributable to head injury showed no specific features. PMID- 7208748 TI - The parents of school phobic adolescents - a preliminary investigation of family life variables. AB - Parents were interviewed at home in a preliminary study of family life variables. Forty-eight had children admitted to an adolescent in-patient unit, 19 of them for school phobia and the remainder because of other psychiatric conditions. Difficulty in obtaining a comparable group from the normal school population resulted in only 12 such families being studied in addition. The psychiatric cases were reliably separated into school phobic and other problems. Practically all the school phobics had neurotic disorders. Contact of parents with relatives and friends, their leisure activities outside the home, their patterns of work and their management of domestic affairs, were looked at. It was thought that these aspects of family functioning might be distinctive where there was a school phobic youngster and that an abnormal pattern of family life might predispose a child to this disorder. In fact, no evidence emerged to suggest that parents of school phobic adolescents participate in, or make decisions about, family life activities in any way different from parents of other psychiatric cases or normal controls. PMID- 7208749 TI - The clinical significance of dysprosody. PMID- 7208750 TI - Prenatal 'female hormone' administration and psychosexual development in human males. PMID- 7208751 TI - Masculinized female hamsters do not require steroid treatment when adult for activation of the male copulatory response pattern. PMID- 7208752 TI - Prostaglandins and cancer: further stereochemical studies on the molecule of phospholipase A2. PMID- 7208753 TI - Generalization of frontalis electromyographic feedback to adjacent muscle groups: a critical review. AB - The widespread utilization of frontalis electromyographic feedback as a general relaxation strategy far preceded empirical evidence demonstrating its efficacy for this purpose. This article reviews parametric studies testing the association between frontalis reduction and concomitant EMG decreases in nontargeted muscle groups. The current research supports the contention that biofeedback reinforces discriminative responding to a specific muscle group and not generalized relaxation to adjacent muscle groups. Methodological problems are noted, and implications for future research are addressed. PMID- 7208754 TI - The effects of talking on the blood pressure of hypertensive and normotensive individuals. AB - The use of a recently developed noninvasive automated blood-pressure device has revealed a striking relationship between human communication and elevations in blood pressure in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Individuals with higher resting baseline pressures tended to show greater increases during talking than did those with lower pressures. In some hypertensive individuals increases blood pressure greater than 25-40% occurred within 30 sec after the initiation of human speech. Links between difficulties surrounding human communication and elevations in blood pressure are discussed. PMID- 7208755 TI - The relationship between dependency and the development of cancer. AB - Theoretical speculations have raised the possibility that oral-dependent traits may predispose certain individuals to cancer. Alternatively, some have suggested that such traits are more broadly predictive of an array of illnesses. This study sought to test whether dependency characteristics predispose men to illness in general or cancer in particular whether such characteristics have no particular effect on the development of illness. Comparisons were made of the premorbid MMPI records of 58 V.A. male domiciliary residents who later developed cancer with the records of 104 residents who either remained disease free or developed one of three other conditions (benign tumors, hypertension, or gastrointestinal ulcers). Scores on eight scales, demonstrated to measure dependency related characteristics, were derived for all subjects. Results showed that four dependency measures predicted the later occurrence of illness. However, none of the measures specifically differentiated cancer from the other illness conditions or the no-disease group. Thus, while findings suggest that dependency may predispose men toward illness, no support was found for a specific link between dependency and cancer. PMID- 7208756 TI - Assessment of the Type A behavior pattern in adolescents. AB - 213 adolescents were assessed for the Type A behavior pattern by means of the Adolescent Structured Interview (ASI) and the Bortner Adjective Rating scale (BARS). The concordance of these two measures of Pattern A was examined, as well as the association of each of these measures with independent self-report indices of the major behavioral components of Pattern A (e.g., competitive-achievement striving, aggressiveness-hostility, and time urgency). Although the concordance of the ASI and BARS was low, both measures demonstrated validity in terms of the association between the Type A rating and the indices of the components of Pattern A. PMID- 7208757 TI - Munchausen syndrome: a review and two case reports. AB - In the light of the pertinent literature, 2 illustrative cases of the Munchausen syndrome are presented. In both patients there had been dynamically significant losses in the oedipal age leading to an intense feeling of being rejected. Both patients also exhibited problems of dependence, perfectionistic attitudes toward the self, and fear of social failure. In addition, characteristics typical of alexithymia could be noted. As a dynamical interpretation it is proposed that in these patients basic helplessness and inadequacy of expressing feelings have been channelled into multiform psychosomatic symptoms. The latter in turn have caused continuous seeking for acceptable somatic etiology and treatment of the symptoms. Thus, gradually, the clinical picture of the Munchausen syndrome has developed. PMID- 7208758 TI - Stress and distress in essential hypertension. AB - A consecutive unselected series of 20 outpatients suffering from essential hypertension is included in this study. These patients were compared to a control group of 20 patients other than hypertensives, matched for age, sex, marital status, years of schooling, social class and duration of illness. Stressful life events prior to illness onset, psychological distress as measured by SCL-90, and alexithymia were investigated. Patients with hypertension were exposed to undesirable life events before disease onset and exhibited alexithymic traits significantly more than the control group. PMID- 7208759 TI - Expectation of death: case reports with implications for medical and psychiatric care. AB - 4 cases are reported in which fatal outcome is attributed to expectation of death. They illustrate the role of the individual and the interaction of the individual and the family. These cases support the contention that the expectation of death and the probability of lethal outcome are high under conditions of crisis, old age, illness, and sin. 2 cases exemplify techniques by which primary caregivers may prevent premature death in persons in which expectation is operative. Awareness of the process will facilitate appropriate diagnostic evaluation which can lead to effective management. PMID- 7208760 TI - Role of stress in the development of the hyperventilation syndrome. AB - The occurrence of the hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) has often been associated with stress. In this experiment with normal subjects responses of PACO2, respiration rate, heart rate and checklist measures were registered in a stressful, real-life situation, namely waiting for an examination. Heart rate and one checklist measure showed a significant arousal response. There was a small but significant decrease in PACO2 from a precontrol session to the stress session, but PACO2 had not returned to base level on a postcontrol session. Respiration rate did not change at all. Similar results in other experiments led to the conclusion that stress brings about only a mild degree of hyperventilation in normal subjects. The discrepancy with results found in HSV patients has been discussed. PMID- 7208761 TI - Traumatic events in dreams of psychosomatic patients. AB - Several examples of repetitive traumatic dreams reported by psychosomatic patients are discussed. The dreams involve injury to the body of the dreamer himself. The occurrence of dreams of this type indicates a failure in the functions of the ego concerned with the protection of the self. It may also indicate the presence in the memory systems of a latent traumatic event. Finally, it is suggested that the repetitive experience of consummated trauma contributes to the malfunctioning of the physiological systems, and therefore, to the production of illness. PMID- 7208762 TI - Ongoing outcome research on short-term dynamic psychotherapy. AB - In this paper short-term dynamic psychotherapy (STAPP) is described briefly in terms of its selection criteria and technique, and the preliminary findings of an ongoing outcome study are presented. Of 22 experimental patients who were treated with STAPP, 14 were rated as 'recovered' by two evaluators, 4 were 'much better', 3 'little better' and 1 was 'unchanged'. Of 8 controls who waited a period of 2- 5 months, 5 were 'unchanged' and 3 'a little better' at the end of their waiting period. When they were treated subsequently, 4 had 'recovered', 2 were 'much better' and 2 withdrew having moved from the Boston area. The complexities inherent in psychotherapy evaluation are described, and the 3 patients who improved 'a little' and the 1 who was 'unchanged' are discussed briefly. PMID- 7208763 TI - Patients at risk on a cardiac rehabilitation unit: implications for a liaison model. PMID- 7208764 TI - Disinhibition of behavior by antianxiety drugs. PMID- 7208765 TI - Neuroendocrinology: A science for psychosomatic medicine. PMID- 7208766 TI - Pseudoseizures: recognition and treatment. PMID- 7208767 TI - An interpersonal model for teaching psychiatry to medical students. PMID- 7208768 TI - Tension headache in emergency department patients. PMID- 7208769 TI - Denial, anxiety, and depression following myocardial infarction. PMID- 7208770 TI - The pharmacotherapy of major depressive syndrome. Part 2: Prophylaxis of recurrent depressive illness. PMID- 7208771 TI - Psychopathology and communication problems in a family practice. PMID- 7208773 TI - Liaison psychiatry: the extension of a concept. PMID- 7208772 TI - Behavior modification for obesity: effect of therapist-patient relationship. PMID- 7208774 TI - An unusual side-effect of lithium. PMID- 7208775 TI - Treatment of psychotropic-caused orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 7208776 TI - The violent patient: rapid assessment and management. PMID- 7208777 TI - Recent developments in the psychotherapy of depression. PMID- 7208778 TI - Emotional responses to multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7208779 TI - Self-concept and body-image of children during physical illness. PMID- 7208780 TI - "Closing the gap between medicine and psychiatry"--revisited. PMID- 7208781 TI - Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia, and psychosis. PMID- 7208782 TI - Ileus complicating haloperidol therapy. PMID- 7208783 TI - Pre-education of the potentially blind as a deterrent to suicide. PMID- 7208784 TI - Lithium and the kidney scare. PMID- 7208785 TI - Agriculture--the occupational hazards. PMID- 7208786 TI - Participation in a community program to prevent hydatid disease. PMID- 7208787 TI - A comparative study of socio-economic status and sexual relationships of men suffering from gonococcal and non-gonococcal urethritis. PMID- 7208788 TI - Low birthweight in Kano City, Northern Nigeria. PMID- 7208789 TI - An evaluation of referrals from the child health system in Newham Health District. PMID- 7208791 TI - An examination of the demographics of stroke victims using prevalence and mortality data. PMID- 7208790 TI - Rubella immunity in family planning clinic attenders. PMID- 7208792 TI - Heat recovery from incineration of solid waste from hospitals. PMID- 7208793 TI - Impact of oil shortage on plastic medical supplies. PMID- 7208794 TI - The national AHEC program: review of its progress and considerations for the 1980s. PMID- 7208795 TI - Racial differences in hospitalization rates among navy enlisted men. AB - Similarities and differences in hospitalization rates among five racial groups serving in the Navy during a 3-year period (1973-75) were examined, and the differences in terms of sociological and occupational factors were evaluated. Overall annual hospitalization rates per 10,000 men were blacks, 1,413; whites, 1,109; American Indians, 923; Asian-Americans, 683; and Malaysians (Filipinos), 508.Explanations for the low Malaysian hospitalization rate included selection of the fittest for service, age and job experience, and a low percentage of assignments to physically arduous occupations. Although blacks had the highest rates for many medical conditions, their rates for injuries, respiratory diseases, and infective disorders were comparable with those for whites. Blacks had the highest rates for several non-life-threatening conditions that required surgical procedures; this finding suggested that the Navy Medical Department had filled a longstanding need for corrective treatment.Although the results of this study should be useful to military medical planners responsible for the health care of all naval personnel, the authors conclude that detailed longitudinal studies are needed to establish more clearly the underlying biological and sociological factors associated with racial differences in morbidity. PMID- 7208796 TI - An investigation of institutional characteristics associated with response rates in mail surveys of community hospitals. AB - This paper describes the nature and strength of the relationship between six institutional characteristics of U.S. community hospitals and the rates of response of these hospitals to a nationwide survey conducted by the American Hospital Association (AHA). Furthermore, it demonstrates how one can calculate accurately the relative probability of response of hospitals with various combinations of these characteristics. The six characteristics studied were bed size, teaching status, AHA membership status, location within or without a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, investor or other form of ownership, and control by State or local government or by another type of organization.The six characteristics were treated as dichotomous variables throughout most of the analysis. Odds ratios were calculated for each variable as a preliminary measure of the strength of its association with response.The effects of confounding on those odds ratios were controlled for by multiple logistic regression, which estimates the probability of response of hospitals with given characteristics. A logistic odds ratio was calculated for each variable to estimate the independent effect that specified values had on the odds of responding. All variables except status as a teaching or nonteaching hospital were shown to have a significant relationship to response.Hospitals were divided into classes according to probability of response, and the probability of response was compared with actual rates of response in the survey. Both increase at equal rates. Similar results were obtained by applying this method to two other, dissimilar, surveys.This method is generalizable to other surveys and should prove useful to researchers wishing to increase response rates in their surveys of hospitals. PMID- 7208797 TI - Enhancing the effectiveness of media messages promoting regular breast self examination: messages based on innovation adoption principles. AB - As public health departments have come to rely more and more on the mass media for the promotion of healthful behavior, it has become increasingly desirable to determine the motivating capability of the messages used in this promotion. A fact that is well understood is that many times any message at all is better than none. However, the effectiveness of various media health messages has not been well researched.A study was therefore undertaken of the comparative effectiveness of two different messages describing how to do a breast self-examination. An "experimental message" for the study was designed by applying the principles that facilitate innovation adoption to the message's format and presentation. This message's impact was then compared with that of the American Cancer Society's pamphlet "How To Examine Your Breasts." This pamphlet had been mailed to a sample of women similar to those receiving the experimental message, but who lived in a different geographic area. The use in each area of control groups who had received no messages afforded an opportunity to study maturation effects (other factors than the mailings that might have influenced study results).The experimental message proved more successful in persuading women to adopt breast self-examination than the comparison message. The women who reported a change in breast self-examination practice following the mailing could be characterized as having a more extensive social support system to promote breast examinations and as having a pre-experiment perception that breast self-examination was a complex practice to perform repeatedly at regular intervals. PMID- 7208798 TI - Impact of community screening on diagnosis, treatment, and medical findings of lead poisoning in children. PMID- 7208799 TI - Targeted intervention in the control of accidental drug overdoses by children. PMID- 7208800 TI - Rheumatic fever in school children of Denver, Colorado. PMID- 7208801 TI - Pre-exposure immunization against rabies: a re-emphasis for veterinarians. AB - A serologic service for determining antibody levels due to prior rabies immunization was provided at an annual convention of the Tennessee Veterinary Medical Association in January 1977. A total of 26 veterinarians volunteered to participate, and only 2 had adequate serum levels of antibody related solely to a pre-exposure immunization. An additional six veterinarians had high titers of antibody-probably the result of post-exposure immunization after rabies-proved incidents. The level of protection for veterinarians appears to be low, which suggests a need for a re-emphasis on immunizations and for increased availability of the relatively new human diploid cell vaccine. PMID- 7208802 TI - Community-produced materials for health education. PMID- 7208803 TI - Behavioral science offerings of selected U.S. medical schools. AB - As part of the planning for a medical school to be situated in Queens County, N.Y., a questionnaire was sent to 50 randomly drawn U.S. medical schools to gather information on the behavioral science segment in their curriculums.Behavioral science courses comprised part of the curriculums of all 23 responding schools and were most often based in the departments of psychiatry and departments of community medicine. Physicians and behavioral scientists appeared to be equally involved in teaching them. Lecture-discussion, small group discussion, and case study were the teaching methods most often used singly. The most popular combination method was lecture-discussion with case study, followed by small group discussion with lecture-discussion. Behavioral scientists seemed to favor lecture-discussions and physicians, small group discussions, but the difference was not statistically significant.Most of the behavioral science courses were offered in the first and second years of medical school. The number of both the elective and required behavioral science courses peaked in the first year and then dropped off sharply in each successive year. These courses were also longest in the first year and became shorter in each successive year.Perceptions of the effectiveness of the behavioral science courses seemed to depend upon the respondent's primary professional orientation. Respondents who were behavioral scientists seemed to view the impact of the courses as negligible, whereas physicians had a more favorable view of their impact. PMID- 7208805 TI - Scabies. PMID- 7208804 TI - Geothermal energy--a viable energy source for health facilities. PMID- 7208806 TI - Evolutionary consequences of intracellular organelle competition. AB - The review discusses some consequences of the widespread partial uncoupling of the reproduction of organelle DNA from that of nuclear DNA. I propose that in certain circumstances natural selection favors intraorganismal reproductive competition between different varieties of organelle DNA, and in other circumstances selection favors competition between organelle and nuclear DNA. Evidence is marshalled to show that such competition occurs in nature. Situations which would lead to selection for both kinds of competition are described and are shown to be relatively common. A number of examples of apparent competition of predicted kinds are presented. Several testable predictions are made from the theory, and it is shown that the available data are in accord with them. Similar kinds of reproductive competition are predicted to occur in some other symbiotic relationships, and possible examples are presented for two of them: bacterial plasmids and endozoic algae. PMID- 7208807 TI - Structural alterations of the DNA in cerebellar neurons after whole-brain irradiation. PMID- 7208808 TI - Effects of neutron and X irradiation on cell proliferation in mouse lung. PMID- 7208809 TI - Evidence for the internucleosomal breakage of chromatin in rat thymocytes irradiated in vitro. PMID- 7208810 TI - Chromosome aberrations and cell survival in irradiated mammalian cells. PMID- 7208811 TI - Interaction of nitroimidazole sensitizers and oxygen in the radiosensitization of mammalian cells at ultrahigh dose rates. PMID- 7208812 TI - Inhibition of radioemesis by disruption of catecholamines in dogs. PMID- 7208813 TI - In vivo and in vitro radiosensitivities of newly established mouse ascites tumors. PMID- 7208814 TI - Housing in the '80s: a broad view. PMID- 7208815 TI - Current trends in housing policy--some European comparisons. PMID- 7208816 TI - Wasted skills and epilepsy: intervention for prevention. PMID- 7208817 TI - The patient's friend: representation of the patient versus management of the services. PMID- 7208819 TI - Is death from cervical cancer avoidable? PMID- 7208818 TI - Allergy to mites in house dust and the domestic environment. PMID- 7208820 TI - [Stochastic model of the formation of chromosome aberrations and cell radiation inactivation]. PMID- 7208821 TI - [Effect of the composition of an alkaline solvent on the determinable number of single-stranded breaks in irradiated DNA]. PMID- 7208822 TI - [Primary stages in the radiation destruction of the histone fragment of DNP]. PMID- 7208823 TI - [Effect of protein synthesis on the DNA repair process in the tissues of irradiated animals]. PMID- 7208824 TI - [Analysis of the radiation changes in rhodopsin]. PMID- 7208825 TI - [Lipid level changes in the serum and tissues of rats after the termination of prolonged gamma irradiation]. PMID- 7208826 TI - [Effect of exogenous DNA on the colony-forming properties and subpopulation makeup of irradiated mouse bone marrow cells]. PMID- 7208827 TI - [Interval between doses in repeated irradiation and the portion of surviving cells]. PMID- 7208828 TI - [Effect of a purified splenic extract on the survivability of irradiated mice]. PMID- 7208829 TI - [Dynamics of the yield of dominant lethal mutations in mice as affected by tritium]. PMID- 7208830 TI - [Morphological changes in rats after the combined uptake of uranium-238 with plutonium-239 or americium-241]. PMID- 7208831 TI - [Radiosensitivity of synchronous and asynchronous cultures of the myxomycete, Physarum polycephalum in gamma irradiation]. PMID- 7208832 TI - [Correlation of the radiosensitivity of plants with their metabolic indices]. PMID- 7208833 TI - [Effect of antioxidants on membrane stabilization in radiation exposure]. PMID- 7208835 TI - [Radiosensitivity of mouse bone marrow cells that form granulocyte-macrophage colonies in diffusion chambers]. PMID- 7208836 TI - [Action of neutrons of 2 different energies (0.35 and 0.85 MeV) on mouse bone cells capable of forming granulocyte-macrophage colonies in diffusion chambers]. PMID- 7208834 TI - [Characteristics of the changes in the transketolase activity in the liver and spleen of white rats at different stages of the development of a radiation effect]. PMID- 7208837 TI - [Radiosensitivity of erythropoietin-independent erythroid precursors of mouse bone marrow]. PMID- 7208838 TI - [Radiobiological effects in mouse somatic cells irradiated with deuterons and protected by adeturon]. PMID- 7208839 TI - [Colony-forming capacity of the hematopoietic cells in mice surviving acute radiation exposure]. PMID- 7208840 TI - [Radioprotective action of anaerobic bacterial spore extracts in animal radiation lesions]. PMID- 7208841 TI - [Radioprotective action of anaerobic bacterial spores in animal radiation lesions]. PMID- 7208842 TI - [Aftereffect of acute gamma irradiation on the photosynthetic apparatus of the birch]. PMID- 7208843 TI - [Use of the "chlorophyll mutation in barley" test for evaluating the genetic action on plants of low doses of ionizing radiation]. PMID- 7208844 TI - [Experiences from a study with preoperative short term radiotherapy. 1: Esophageal carcinoma]. PMID- 7208845 TI - [Problem of radiotherapy in malignant neoplasms of the pharynx]. PMID- 7208846 TI - [On the radiation therapy of the protuberant dermatofibrosarcoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208847 TI - [Use of radiation therapy for consolidation of remission in lymphogranulomatosis of the stages IIIB-IV (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208848 TI - [Influence of hypoxia on the hematologic radiation response following ionizing whole body radiation in dogs]. PMID- 7208849 TI - [Present state of enzyme diagnosis in radiation therapy]. PMID- 7208850 TI - [Late biological effects in the lung of C3H inbred mice following exposure to fast neutrons and 60Co-gamma-rays (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208851 TI - [Dosimetry in intrathecal radiogold therapy. V. Principles of gonad dose calculation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208852 TI - [Optimum values and limits of employing of diagnostic tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208853 TI - [Optimum and limiting values of the use of diagnostical tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208854 TI - [Differential diagnosis of pigmented skin neoplasms]. PMID- 7208855 TI - [The use of mathematical optimization in radiation therapy for finding optimum irradiation techniques (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208856 TI - [Determination of spatial distributions of the total dose in the combination of teletherapy with contact therapy. 2. The influence of position changes of the contact therapy applicator on the total dose distribution in unoperated cervix carcinoma]. PMID- 7208857 TI - Determination of the dose distribution of intracavital irradiation (brachycurie therapy) with solid-state dosimeters fixed on the abdominal surface. PMID- 7208858 TI - Anatomy of the liver. AB - Controversy still exists over the anatomic configuration of the liver. Even such basic considerations as the means by which the inferior radiographic border of the liver is formed remain an enigma. This article reflects the current knowledge of the anatomy of the liver as perceived by the radiologist. PMID- 7208859 TI - The effect of changes in liver volume on the adjacent viscera. AB - A complex interrelationship exists between the liver and several intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal structures. Recognition of the radiographic effects of changes in liver size, hepatic displacement of other organs and tissues, variations in body build, and changes in the position of the patient can be most important in the differential diagnosis of many diseases. PMID- 7208860 TI - Calcifications in the liver. AB - Hepatic calcifications, the most common causes of which are calcified granuloma and hydatid disease, occur infrequently. When present, however, they invariably indicate an abnormality, the nature of which may usually be determined by abdominal ultrasonography, fluoroscopy, or conventional contrast radiography. PMID- 7208861 TI - Hepatic and perihepatic radiolucencies. AB - Radiolucencies in and around the liver may be caused by normal or abnormal accumulations of fat or gas. Computed tomography, which measures the differential photon absorption of tissue more accurately than does abdominal radiography, readily demonstrates interfaces between the liver and air or fat. The correlation of these two modalities in detecting and identifying hepatic radiolucencies is explored. PMID- 7208862 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of liver disease in pediatrics. PMID- 7208863 TI - Thoracic manifestations of liver disease. AB - The close proximity of the liver to the right lung may be the basis for thoracic changes that occur in the presence of lung disease, or such changes may occur as part of the natural course of the disease. Whatever the etiology, the selective use of plain film radiography, fluoroscopy, radionuclide scanning, gallium scanning, and computed tomography will facilitate diagnosis and management. PMID- 7208864 TI - Ultrasonography and computed tomography of the liver. AB - Both CT scanning and ultrasonography are diagnostic modalities of choice for the evaluation of the liver. The physical principles of these studies differ and, therefore, so do the techniques used and the information provided. A comparison of the results obtained from each of them in the investigation of such processes as jaundice, tumors, hematomas, and diffuse parenchymal disease is offered. PMID- 7208865 TI - Echographic diagnosis of lymph nodes. PMID- 7208866 TI - [The value of ultrasonic tomography for lymphoma diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208867 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of the gallbladder]. PMID- 7208868 TI - [Roentgendiagnostic after surgery of the inflamed small and large bowel (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208869 TI - [Rare type of a tumour-dependent stenosis of the internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208870 TI - [Contrast x-ray examination for odontogenic sinusitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208871 TI - [Nephrological x-ray diagnosis in children with healthy kidneys and pyelonephritis, respectively. II. Communication: nephrometric x-ray diagnosis of children with pyelonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208872 TI - [The value of radiological and clinical results for the diagnosis of the vesicoureteral reflux of the adult. A multivariate study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208873 TI - [Lymphographic aspects of cervix carcinoma pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208874 TI - [Influence of lymphographic picture by preceded conisation of the vaginal part of the uterus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208875 TI - [Isotope nephrography of diabetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208876 TI - [Mineral distribution in not consolidating fractures and experimental posttraumatic osteomyelitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208877 TI - [Quantitative measurements of the flow by means of a new videokinedensitometric dilution method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208878 TI - [Definition of some concepts for the evaluation of medical diagnosis]. PMID- 7208879 TI - [Mechanical injection cholegraphy (MIC) and short-time infusion cholegraphy (KIC), two variants of intravenous cholegraphy. 2nd communication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208880 TI - [Response to the work "Quantitative evaluation of the diagnostic confidence of lymphography" of A. Stargardt and M. Luning, Radiol. diagn. 2(1979) 275]. PMID- 7208881 TI - [A possibility for three-dimensional intraoperative localization of renal calculi (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208882 TI - [Mobile patient couch for gynecological-radiological special examinations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208883 TI - [Abdominal visceral occlusion arteriography. A study of technique and diagnostic results compared with the conventional catheter-assessed arteriography (author's transl)]. AB - Since 1976, balloon occlusion arteriography has been performed for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons in about 300 patients. The technical procedure and the safety measure of using balloon catheters with a percutaneous introducer system are described. Compared with the conventional procedure of catheterization of the visceral abdominal arteries, the following advantages were seen in 103 examinations: 1. Simplification of selective and super-selective catheterization due to flow-directed positioning of the balloon tipped catheter in about two thirds of the cases; 2. High contrast in the arterial phase and superior demonstration of smallest arterial vessels in 94% of cases as a result of temporary shorttime complete balloon occlusion of the feeding artery ("standstill arteriogram"); 3. Early and improved demonstration of the corresponding venous system. The indirect spleno- and mesentericoportogram was improved in 88% of cases; 4. Reduction of the amount of flow, contrast and film material--usually needed--by about 25%. Occlusion arteriography with balloon catheters is a safe and simple method bringing new technical and diagnostic aspects to selective and superselective angiography. PMID- 7208884 TI - [Angiography in distal spleno-renal shunts (author's transl)]. AB - The conception of Warren's Shunt--selective decompression of esophageal varices while maintaining prograde portal flow--was controlled by pre- and postoperative angiographic examinations on 12 patients: No change in portal perfusion was established angiographically in ten of the patients. Two patients developed aneurysmatic, arterio-portal fistulae as a result of postoperative portal decompression. In one of these cases, a thrombosis of the portal vein with hepatofugal perfusion of the left gastric vein was detected. The postoperative examinations indicated functioning shunts in 9 out of 12 patients. These results formed the basis for the discussion regarding the value of visceral angiography in the selection of the surgical technique and regarding its value in control of therapy. Surgical questions concerning the visceral vascular anatomy can be answered sufficiently. Furthermore, celiac and mesenteric angiography yield information on portal hemodynamics. Nevertheless, the additional application of invasive scintigraphy seems to be necessary for establishing quantitative radiological parameters of prognostic relevance. PMID- 7208885 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of visceral manifestations in Hippel-Lindau syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The efficiency of radiological methods in the diagnosis of visceral manifestations of Hippel-Lindau Syndrome is discussed by means of a case report as well as by the results from studies of other authors. The importance of detecting small renal malignancies (often occurring bilaterally and multifocally in this disease) is stressed since benign (cystic, adenomatous, angiomatous) lesions of visceral organs are of minor clinical relevance. Pheochromocytomas, found in about 20% of cases, are primarily diagnosed clinically. The diagnostic goal of precise quantification of neoplastic renal tumors and of unequivocal differentiation between cystic and solid lesions appears to be achieved by the combination of computertomographic and pharmaco-angiographic techniques. A prerequisite for the alternative use of ultrasound is optimal imaging of all parts of renal parenchyma. PMID- 7208886 TI - Gastric retention and gastric ileus in diabetes mellitus. AB - Report of 2 cases of paralytic ileus of the stomach (gastric atony) and of 14 cases of gastric retention, diagnosed from the radiographs obtained from a group of 1500 diabetic patients within seven years. These disorders occur in diabetes mellitus present for many years and associated with peripheral neuropathy. The above findings often present diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Conservative drug therapy is usually sufficient management. PMID- 7208887 TI - [Double-contrast examination of the gastric antrum without duodenal superposition (author's transl)]. AB - By using a modified technique of double-contrast examination of the stomach it was possible in 75% to perform a study without superposition of the duodenum and jejunum on the distal stomach compared to 36% with the usual method. In this technique a small amount (50 ml) of Barium-suspension is given to the patient in left decubitus position by a straw or gastric tube after antiperistaltic medication. There was no difference in the quality of mucosa-coating compared to the technique using higher volumes of Barium. PMID- 7208888 TI - [Investigations of the mineral topography in human vertebral bodies. A comparison of results derived from bone-ashing, photodensitometry and attenuation coefficients by CT (author's transl)]. AB - A method for the in vivo investigation of the mineral distribution in human vertebral bodies by the aid of computed tomography is presented. The attenuation coefficients resulting from transversal tomograms of vertebral spongiosa are compared with the results of bone ashing from in vitro investigations. Computed tomography values, ash weights and photodensitometric values show a high degree of correlation. PMID- 7208889 TI - [Sequence-CT: early enhancement--curves of the healthy kidney]. AB - Ten healthy kidneys were studied by sequence-scans every 15 seconds following i. v. bolus-injection of metrizoate. Enhancement of renal cortex, medulla and the abdominal aorta was measured separately. The curves of the renal parenchyma are summations of three functions: perfusion, diffusion of contrast agent to the interstitial fluid, and accumulation of the enhanced urine and its excretion. The enhancement-curves of the aorta and of the renal cortex show two peaks due to recirculation and high perfusion. The curve of the renal medulla is characterized by a slow rise and lower and wider single peak. Knowledge of the normal enhancement-curves is essential for the evaluation of altered renal perfusion. PMID- 7208890 TI - [Oral contraceptives and benign tumorous conditions of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - Tumorous lesions of the liver were diagnosed by means of angiography, sonography and laparoscopy in six patients on oral contraceptives for a long time. These lesions were identified as liver cell adenoma (1), focal nodular hyperplasia (4) and cavernous hemangioma (1). The relationship between oral contraceptives and liver disorders is well-known. All cases of focal nodular hyperplasia show vascular alterations which may be important in the discussion of oral contraceptives being responsible. In contrast to liver cell adenoma and hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia may be considered as a nodular reparative regeneration of the parenchyma following focal parenchymal necrosis due to segmental vascular occlusion (i. e. thrombosis or fibrotic intimal obliteration). This lesions can therefore not be defined as a true neoplasm. The clinical findings are uncharacteristic, whereas selective hepatic artery angiography, shows typical features that distinguish liver cell adenoma from focal nodular hyperplasia. Regular medical examinations are recommended for women on continuous oral contraceptives for more than five years, because this group of patients is threatened by serious sequelae including intrahepatic and abdominal hemorrhage. PMID- 7208891 TI - Vascular pseudotumors of the kidney. AB - Eleven cases of vascular pseudotumors were reviewed and grouped into four categories according to clinical and radiological findings. On the IVP we found two patterns of filling defects: [1] Smooth indentations or filling defects in AV fistulas and renal artery aneurysms and also in the case of a congenital AV malformation due to an enlarged draining vein. [2] Multiple mottled filling defects caused by collaterals in stenoses of renal artery branches. This appearance is also described in the literature for congenital AV malformations. The angiographic findings in each of the four categories are discussed. The role of angiography is stressed as the diagnostic test of choice to establish the correct diagnosis of these benign lesions and to define optimal treatment. PMID- 7208892 TI - [Angiographic assessment of renal carcinomas and its spread (author's transl)]. AB - Angiography of renal tumors confirms the suspected diagnosis and permits an assessment of regional and metastatic spread during the same procedure, thus providing more information as to operability. Furthermore, preoperative tumor embolisation can be done if applicable -- a technique routinely done by us in cases of large tumors. PMID- 7208893 TI - [Preoperative radiotherapy of hypernephroma (author's transl)]. AB - Postoperative radiotherapy shows significant improvement in the treatment of hypernephroma. Short-term preoperative radiotherapy seems to further improve the results. Experimental work demonstrated a reduction or even complete failure to form colonies in hypernephroma cells, which had been exposed to radiation. Clinical studies at present at least indicate a positive trend for short-term preoperative radiotherapy. PMID- 7208894 TI - Hydrocalycosis. A report of two cases. AB - Hydrocalycosis is the progressive cystic dilatation of a major calyx due to infundibular obstruction. Two cases of hydrocalycosis are herein presented and several diagnostic procedures are discussed. A correct diagnosis can be made by proper use of newer radiographic techniques. Treatment depends upon the etiological and complicating factors. PMID- 7208895 TI - [Multiple bilateral pyelogenic renal cysts (author's transl)]. AB - In general, pyelogenic cysts are solitary and unilateral. Multicystic renal dysplasia is as a rule unilateral, and the cysts do not communicate. Here the rare case of multiple bilateral renal cysts communication with the pyelon is presented. PMID- 7208896 TI - [Tomoscopy]. AB - Report on initial clinical experience with a new form of tomography with fluoroscopy, called 'tomoscopy'. PRINCIPLE: Several grid controlled x-ray tubes firmly mounted (stationary) in circular fashion -- with the foci in equidistance - are fired in sequential fashion for a short exposure, which creates the impression of tube movement mandatory in conventional tomography, by this sequential firing of several tubes (in 1/50 second total), the mechanical tube motion of conventional tomography can be avoided. In the image intensifier, there is synchronous electromagnetic deflection of the image between input- and output screen; and a tomographic image can be seen at the output screen. This can also be recorded on camera. This new technique allows quick fluoroscopic determination of the ideal 'cut' and thus provides efficient tomography without slowing down the ongoing examination; and it is a useful addition to modern radiographic equipment with image intensification, especially when used with contrast material. Its full future impact on diagnostic radiology can yet not be estimated. PMID- 7208897 TI - Breast cancer screening in Sweden. The single modality approach. AB - Four population-based breast cancer screening projects are in progress in Sweden, three of which are randomized studies. Mammography is the only screening method. 51% of all carcinomas detected at the first screening were either in situ or invasive with a diameter of 10 mm or less. Axillary metastases were found in 16% of the patients. Sensitivity was over 90% in all projects. The ultimate aim of the randomized projects is to demonstrate the effect of screening on breast cancer mortality. It is estimated that mortality statistics will reach significant levels in 1983., PMID- 7208898 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of orbital lesions--a comparison of methods (author's transl)]. AB - Computed tomography has become the primary radiological procedure to evaluate disease of the orbit, to localize it exactly and to demonstrate its effect on neighbouring structures. In the past few years, considerable progress has resulted from improvement in the equipment, especially in three dimensional visualization of the area by introduction of the coronal and sagittal planes of section either indirectly by computer reconstruction of the coronal and sagittal plane from data obtained from routine transverse scanning or directly by appropriate positioning of the patient in these planes. Three dimensional CT technique is essential for precise localisation, delineation and differentiation of combined lesions of the face, the skull base and the orbits. Although by all this improvement of CT the possibility for exact diagnosis has increased, conventional neuroradiological examinations are still often necessary as a complimentary study to CT, especially in disease which involves the bone. PMID- 7208899 TI - [Hyperostosis of the skull (author's transl)]. AB - X-ray findings and the result of microradiographic examinations of hyperostotic processes of the skull (Osteomas, Meningioma, Fibrous Dysplasia, Morbus Paget) are described. The films permit a reliable diagnosis statement only in a few cases, because similar findings can be seen in different diseases. Microradiographic investigations demonstrate the microstructure of the tissue of hyperostotic processes. There are no specific findings typical for one disease alone, but there are qualitative and quantitative variations in the different diseases mentioned above. Microradiography gives information about morphology and dynamics in the transformation of the calvarium in the observed pathologic conditions. PMID- 7208900 TI - [Skeletal scintigraphy as an addition to the roentgenological examination in traumatology (author's transl)]. AB - Considering various indications a review was made of 141 scintigraphic examinations for skeletal trauma. It was shown in 122 patients that bone scanning is an important method to help conventional X-ray diagnosis but that it cannot replace it. The alteration of the local metabolic bone processes is reliably indicated; and the limits and possibilities of bone scintigraphy and its use in traumatology are determined. An acute bone fracture can be proven scintigraphically. Errors are possible by the accumulation of 99mTc-activity in the soft tissue or by a negative scan in an early phase. Useful results can also be obtained when the interval from medical evaluation to the time of accident had to be evaluated. There were similarly useful results in the evaluation of fracture healing. Both those groups of cases, however, showed a high percentage of questionable results which brought no further information than the conventional X-ray findings. This is due to the irregular metabolic process at the fracture site and by much scattering in the area. Bone scanning was less informative when loosened metal plates (for osteosynthesis, however, showed a high percentage of questionable results which brought no further information than the conventional X-ray findings. This is due to the irregular metabolic process at the fracture site and by much scattering in the area. Bone scanning was less informative when loosened metal plates (for osteosynthesis, however, showed a high percentage of questionable results which brought no further information than the conventional X-ray findings. This is due to the irregular metabolic process at the fracture site and by much scattering in the area. Bone scanning was less informative when loosened metal plates (for osteosynthesis) or secondary osteomyelitis close to the fracture or the question of a recurrent fracture had to be evaluated. These groups of cases showed a higher portion of questionable results and misinterpretation. Totally, 65.9% correct results of skeletal scintigraphy brought some additional information to the roentgenological examination and were important for the surgeon. However, there were 21.3% questionable results. In 12.8% the interpretation of the bone scan was not correct. PMID- 7208901 TI - [Angiography and CT in rare types of renal disease (author's transl)]. AB - Our observation of several cases of rare renal disease demonstrates that CT cannot replace the conventional radiographic evaluation methods such as intravenous urography, retrograde pyelography, tomography and angiography. These methods are additive but not competitive with CT. PMID- 7208902 TI - [Clinical and radiological observations in Raynaud's disease (author's transl)]. AB - In Raynaud's phenomenon, there is functional abnormal blood flow in the vessels of the forearm. While blood flow is slow in the radial and ulnar arteries, it is good in the interosseous artery even accompanied by early filling of the deep veins--as seen on the flow of contrast material during angiography. This different behaviour of these three arteries makes a central nervous disorder an unlikely etiology, supported by the fact that drug therapy acting on the central nervous system are only of temporary help. The behaviour of the interosseous artery is easily diagnosed and presents an important clue for functional disturbance of blood flow in the radial and ulnar arteries. The findings were the same, regardless of the type of contrast material used (ionic, non-ionic or dimeric). X PMID- 7208903 TI - [Variant of the subclavian steal syndrome associated with an anomalous origin of the left vertebral artery]. AB - A case with a variant of the subclavian steal syndrome associated with an anomalous origin of the left vertebral artery from the aortic arch is presented. Prior to the examination a carotid-subclavian bypass had been performed. The main angiographic finding is the blood supply of the distal subclavian artery through an ipsilateral cervical collateral system. Angiographic procedure and therapeutic consequences are discussed. PMID- 7208904 TI - Treatment of heavy epistaxis by intraarterial embolisation. AB - Therapeutic intraarterial embolisation is a modern and effective approach in the therapy of otherwise untreatable heavy epistaxis. The most important indications for it were in the clinical survey reported here, bleedings after trauma and in arterial hypertension and/or generalised atherosclerosis. Several examples are documented. Therapeutic embolisation in this area necessitates a precise technique because in even small faults serious, mainly neurological complications may arise. For these reasons, this intervention is suitable for specialised laboratories only. PMID- 7208905 TI - [Complicated course of a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) (author's transl)]. AB - In the course of a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the superficial femoral artery three complications occurred: Perforation of the vessel at the occluded segment, embolisation of the truncus tibiofibularis and perforation of the truncus tibiofibularis during recanalization of the embolised segment. Despite these complications, it was possible to recanalize the original thrombotic occlusion of the superficial femoral artery and the embolic occlusion of the truncus tibiofibularis. PMID- 7208906 TI - [The clinical significance of ventricular enlargement and cortical atrophy in computed tomography of the brain (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of atrophy of the brain based on the visual interpretation of CT findings appears questionable. In 56 patients there was no correlation between the CT findings of enlarged ventricles and sulci and clinical findings of psychoorganic syndromes. Only the group of 60 to 80 year old patients showed a statistically significant correlation between psychoorganic findings and the area of the lateral ventricles - measured planimetrically - and the diameter of the cella medica, but not the group of the 40 to 60 year old. There was no relationship between the number of cortical sulci and psychopathology. The morphological findings of ventricular enlargement and cortical atrophy in CT - even with exact measurements - do not allow any conclusions in regard to psychoorganic findings. PMID- 7208907 TI - [Radiographic changes following transurethral cryocaustic surgery of the prostate gland (author's transl)]. AB - Presentation of the cryocaustic procedure and its radiographic features on the postoperative urethrogram. For correct interpretation, a preoperative study is important. PMID- 7208908 TI - Radiological evaluation of chondroblastoma. AB - Eleven new and six recurrent chondroblastomas were studied with multiple radiological imaging methods (plain radiography, conventional tomography, computed tomography, radionuclide bone scanning, and angiography). When the plain radiographic appearance was typical, conventional tomography or computed tomography (CT) was helpful, but other studies were not. Periosteal reaction and angiographic hypervascularity were common and did not indicate cortical breakthrough. For large, aggressive, or atypical lesions, conventional tomography and CT were helpful in delineating anatomic extent, and angiography was of value in demonstrating major vessel displacement. Radionuclide bone scanning was not useful. PMID- 7208909 TI - Radiologic characteristics of primary cerebral neuroblastomas. AB - Primary cerebral neuroblastomas should be considered in the differential diagnoses of calcified, cystic, supratentorial masses in young patients. The authors review radiologic data for 11 patients with such lesions. PMID- 7208910 TI - Using computed tomography of the brain to correlate low white-matter attenuation with early gestational age in neonates. AB - Computed tomographic brain scans of the newborn exhibit relatively greater lucency of white matter compared to the mature patient. This study correlated the x-ray attenuation of white matter with gestational age in 23 neonates, both premature and term. The gray-white matter attenuation difference was calculated and plotted versus advancing gestational age. An inverse correlation was found between the gray-white matter density difference and advancing gestational age. Statistical analysis revealed that this phenomenon is due to increasing white matter density in the first months of life with the gray matter showing no significant variation with advancing age. The low attenuation value of white matter in the perinatal period and its subsequent increase is a normal phenomenon; it correlates with the greater water and lower protein content of premyelinated white matter initially, followed by subsequent water loss and protein gain with myelination. Since transient cerebral edema due to hypoxia exhibits similar low attenuation with CT, it is difficult to exclude this entity in the premature infant group where accurate neurologic evaluation is hard to obtain. PMID- 7208911 TI - Serpentine cauda equina nerve roots. AB - Serpentine filling defects caused by redundant nerve roots were demonstrated myelographically in three patients with a nonionic, water-soluble contrast material. All patients had either total obstruction or severe stenosis of the subarachnoid space secondary to extradural lesions. PMID- 7208912 TI - Radiographic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract: a survey of current techniques. AB - A multiple-choice questionnaire was sent to 156 radiologists, surveying techniques used to evaluate the upper gastrointestinal tract. Of the 123 who responded, all but 5 used the double-contrast examination. Pharmacological agents were frequently employed. Preferences regarding filming formats, indications for use of water-soluble contrast material, and indications for use of the double contrast examination are discussed. PMID- 7208913 TI - Utilization of computed tomography of the head in a tertiary care hospital. AB - Data were prospectively collected on the signs, symptoms, and physical findings in 2,225 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) of the head in a tertiary care teaching hospital. These data were correlated with the results of CT in an attempt to identify evidence of inappropriate utilization of diagnostic cranial CT. If only those patients had been examined whose presenting complaints were statistically more often seen in patients with abnormal CT studies than in those with normal CT studies, 26% of all examinations would have been eliminated, but 18% of all abnormal patients would have been missed. Similarly, if only those patients who were thought by their physicians to have a high likelihood of intracranial disease or to be diagnostic dilemmas had been examined, 34% of all examinations and 26% of all abnormal CT studies would have been eliminated. It is concluded that, in the setting studied here, there is no evidence of inappropriate utilization of cranial CT for diagnostic purposes. PMID- 7208914 TI - An assessment of the role of scan speed in perceived image quality of body computed tomography. AB - Forty-three chest (noncardiac) and 75 abdominal computed tomographic (CT) examinations were studied by obtaining four sections of a pertinent area using 2.25-, 4.5-, 9-, and 18-second scan speeds. Chest scans obtained with the three faster speeds were perceived to be qualitatively similar to one another but were rated better than the 18-second sections. While these qualitative differences were statistically significant, most were relatively unimportant clinically. Analysis of the abdominal sections showed significant qualitative improvement with each successively faster scan speed. The only sections rated unreadable and/or showing large numbers of motion artifacts were abdominal studies, primarily 18-second studies. A statistically significant loss of diagnostic information was noted with 18-second scans, especially in the upper abdomen. PMID- 7208915 TI - The cavum septi pellucidi: its appearance and incidence with cranial ultrasonography in infancy. AB - Head ultrasound examinations of 102 infants were reviewed for the presence of a cavum septi pellucidi (CSP). The CSP was seen in 42% of the entire population, 61% of premature infants, and 50% of full-term infants. The largest CSP measured 10 mm in width. The ultrasound image of the CSP is presented to familiarize radiologists with this normal structure, and the distinction between a dilated ventricular system and the CSP when imaging the fetus with ultrasound is discussed. PMID- 7208916 TI - Budd-Chiari syndrome in a child with post-traumatic obstruction of the inferior vena cava. AB - An obstruction of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava was diagnosed by using ultrasound combined with Doppler flow analysis. Complete noninvasive diagnosis could only be done by adding the Doppler flow analysis to the displayed morphological information. After surgery complete morphological and functional relief were achieved. PMID- 7208917 TI - Can real-time ultrasonography replace static B-scanning in the diagnosis of renal obstruction? AB - Two hundred consecutive patients were evaluated for renal obstruction using both static B-scanning and high resolution real-time scanning. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 93% for the static B-scanner and 94% for the real-time unit, with a false positive diagnostic rate of 8% for each. Because of its greater flexibility and shorter scanning time, real-time can replace static B-scanning in the diagnosis of renal obstruction. It has also become the preferred method of guidance for interventional uroradiological procedures. The pitfalls of real-time scanning in evaluating renal obstruction are also discussed. PMID- 7208918 TI - Ultrasonography of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. AB - Clinical findings associate mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) with diffuse arteritis leading to the formation of large aneurysms. Ultrasound assists in the diagnosis of the associated aneurysms, and aids the clinical management of the patients. PMID- 7208920 TI - Resonance by rod-shaped reflectors in ultrasound test objects. AB - Rod-shaped reflectors such as those used in the AIUM test object resonate at medical ultrasound frequencies, producing artifacts posterior to the reflector. Rods of various diameters and materials were examined to determine their resonant properties, and the effect of the Plexiglas scanning surface of the enclosure on image quality was studied. A theory predicting the resonant frequencies of rods is proposed, and methods of eliminating resonance artifacts are discussed. PMID- 7208919 TI - Multigated equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography: improved detection of left ventricular wall motion abnormalities and aneurysms by the addition of the left lateral view. AB - The usefulness of adding the left lateral (LLAT) view to the standard anterior and left anterior oblique views in multigated equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography was assessed in 50 patients. Contrast ventriculography was used as the standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess results. Recognition of inferior wall motion abnormality and left ventricular aneurysms was improved significantly by the addition of the LLAT view. Sensitivity was improved for inferior wall motion abnormality and for aneurysms; there was no loss of specificity. There was no improvement in recognition of anterior wall and apical regional abnormalities in the absence of aneurysms. PMID- 7208921 TI - Pneumonia in hairy-cell leukemia. AB - Hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) is an unusual malignant hematologic disorder involving splenomegaly, pancytopenia, and circulating mononuclear cells with prominent cytoplasmic projections. As in most forms of leukemia, the risk of pulmonary infection by normal pathogens and opportunistic invaders alike is high. HCL may be associated with granulomatous infections of the lung, especially mycobacterioses. Of the authors' series of 33 patients, 9 had a fungal or mycobacterial infection, including 5 atypical mycobacterial species. Five of the 6 patients with mycobacterioses and 1 of the 3 with fungal pneumonia survived the infection with appropriate therapy. Granulomatous infections, particularly mycobacterioses, should be seriously considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary parenchymal disease in a patient with HCl. PMID- 7208922 TI - Monte Carlo simulation studies of backscatter factors in mammography. AB - Experimentally determined backscatter factors in mammography can contain significant systematic errors due to the energy response, dimensions, and location of the dosimeter used. In this study, the Monte Carlo method was applied to simulate photon-scattering in tissue-equivalent media and to determine backscatter factors without the interference of a detector. The physical processes of measuring backscatter factors with a lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and an "ideal" tissue-equivalent detector were also simulated. Computed results were compared with the "true" backscatter factors and with measured values reported by other investigators. It was found that the TLD method underestimated backscatter factors in mammography by as much as 10% at high energies with TLD-100 (3.2- x 3.2- x 0.89-mm3) crystals. PMID- 7208923 TI - Radiation-induced pulmonary arterial perfusion defects: modification by D penicillamine. AB - D-penicillamine, previously shown to have a beneficial effect on radiation induced pulmonary histopathology, was tested to determine its effect on function in the irradiated lung. Male rats were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays; half then received 10 mg D-penicillamine per day, and half received no further treatment. One to nine months after irradiation, animals were subjected to lung perfusion scans. Untreated irradiated rats exhibited hyperemia, hypoperfusion, and perfusion defects of the irradiated lung. In penicillamine-treated rats, the appearance of perfusion defects was delayed, the peak incidence and severity of the defects was reduced, and recovery from pulmonary hypoperfusion was accelerated. Thus, using functional criteria, penicillamine appears to improve arterial perfusion and to ameliorate radiation injury in the rat lung. PMID- 7208924 TI - Prognostic significance of contrast enhancement in low-grade astrocytomas of the adult cerebrum. AB - Between 1974 and 1977, 22 adults with low-grade (Grade I or II) astrocytomas of the cerebrum underwent initial computed tomography (CT) and craniotomy followed by irradiation of 5,000 to 6,000 rad (50 to 60 Gy). The four-year actuarial or life table survival rate was 58% for the eight patients whose initial CT scans showed contrast enhancement and 65% for the 14 patients whose tumors did not enhance (p = 0.8). Prognostic factors were comparable for the two groups. It is concluded that contrast enhancement has no prognostic significance for low-grade astrocytomas of the adult cerebrum. PMID- 7208925 TI - Use of the electrohydraulic lithotriptor in the biliary tree in dogs. AB - The electrohydraulic lithotriptor, a machine which breaks up stones by generating a hydraulic shock wave, was assessed as a means of facilitating percutaneous extraction of biliary calculi. Tissue exposed to the lithotriptor showed no mucosal damage when studied histologically; however, round-cell infiltration was seen in one dog, raising the possibility of long-term stricture formation. Eighty per cent of the calculi could be fragmented with the lithotriptor. The application and limitations of the system are discussed. PMID- 7208926 TI - Irradiation of biliary carcinoma. PMID- 7208928 TI - Modified trocar-cannula system for percutaneous pancreatic abscess drainage. AB - A trocar-catheter system using a 7.1-F pigtail catheter and a translumbar needle was used successfully in the percutaneous drainage of a pancreatic abscess via an anterior approach. This system provides a) adequate drainage size, b) adequate length for deep-seated abscesses, and c) pigtail-catheter configuration. PMID- 7208927 TI - A charge-compensated capacitor discharge generator. AB - A prototype capacitor discharge generator capable of fast termination and charge compensated phototiming was used clinically for ten weeks. It was found to exceed all demands of ultra-fast rare-earth imaging systems. PMID- 7208929 TI - Angiodilator technique for hysterosalpingography in cervical os stenosis. AB - Obstruction of the endocervical canal of the uterus, frequently encountered after cauterization or cone biopsy, may result from a variety of benign and malignant diseases. Severe stenosis of the cervical os has made hysterosalpingography difficult. In ten patients, progressive dilatation with small vascular dilators was successful. PMID- 7208930 TI - A modified Stamey catheter kit for long-term percutaneous nephrostomy drainage. PMID- 7208931 TI - Removing the stuck, ruptured angioplasty balloon catheter. PMID- 7208932 TI - Detachment of tissue-culture cells by diagnostic ultrasound. PMID- 7208933 TI - Grid selection for oral cholecystography. AB - A radiographic and fluoroscopic unit was modified to image without a grid, with one 6:1 grid, and with two crossed 6:1 grids, placed with the strips at right angles (equivalent to a 12:1 grid). Fifty patients were studied in all three modes in both horizontal and upright positions. The crossed 6:1 grids were superior in 80% of cases. In those cases where no grid or one grid was superior, there was a shorter exposure time or no movement by the patient. High-ratio grids should be used for routine cholecystography combined with shorter exposure times for the initial procedure. PMID- 7208934 TI - The challenge of cost control. AB - Specific steps are suggested to cope with the variable costs of diagnostic examinations and film use. More importantly, fixed costs which constitute most of the expenses in radiology, should also be controlled. Since nonphysician salaries are a large part of fixed costs, factors which affect productivity must be investigated and understood. Unfortunately, current regulatory and reimbursement procedures thwart efforts to improve productivity and control expenses. PMID- 7208937 TI - Predictive value and threshold detectability of lung tumors. AB - The visibility limit of soft tissue nodules in the lungs is 3 mm on a chest radiography, yet lung cancers are rarely detected until the tumors are 8-10 mm in size. This paper presents data on the size distribution of nodular lung cancers and noncancerous nodular noise on chest radiographs. These data are analyzed in decision-making terms and show that when the size is 8-10 mm, observers can separate true cancers from noise that mimics cancer, with a probability of being correct, or a predictive value, of 90% or more. PMID- 7208936 TI - Renal cysts. PMID- 7208938 TI - The value of the left apical cap in the diagnosis of aortic rupture: a prospective and retrospective study. AB - The authors conducted a prospective and retrospective study of the radiographic findings in 45 patients with traumatic rupture of the aorta. In 7 cases, a left apical cap was the only clearly visible abnormality. In 11 cases a cap was present together with a poorly defined aortic knob, while in 13 cases both were seen along with mediastinal widening. In 14 cases, all of the classical signs of aortic rupture were present, but an apical cap was not seen or was not considered significant. Of 32 aortograms obtained, 12 were taken solely because of an apical cap; 2 were positive for aortic rupture and 10 were negative. No aortic rupture was found in patients with a left apical cap and fractures of the ribs, vertebral bodies, or scapulae. PMID- 7208935 TI - Gallbladder wall thickening in association with hypoalbuminemia. PMID- 7208939 TI - Significance of the caudal left-anterior-oblique view in analyzing the left main coronary artery and its major branches. AB - The authors describe the value of the caudal left-anterior-oblique view in visualizing the following arteries: left main coronary, proximal circumflex, early-arising first marginal, proximal left anterior descending, first diagonal, and anomalous septal perforators from the circumflex system. The technique involves movement of the parallelogram (x-ray tube--image intensifier combination) to the left 55-65 degrees and caudal angulation of 15-20 degrees. To promote additional profiling of the left coronary system, imaging is performed after full expiration. In our series of 100 patients, this view is indispensable in determining significant pathology in the arteries of the proximal left coronary system. PMID- 7208940 TI - Progression of renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia in 42 patients as seen on angiography. AB - Forty-two hypertensive patients with fibromuscular dysplasia who had angiographic evidence of the development of new disease or of the progression of existing disease were studied. Renal arterial disease was classified as medial fibroplasia with aneurysms (12 patients), subadventitial fibroplasia (24 patients), or intimal fibroplasia (6 patients). Progression of the disease was shown in all 42 patients during the follow-up period (from 1 month to 11 years and 4 months). The results indicate that all forms of fibromuscular dysplasia are progressive and have variable rates of progression. PMID- 7208941 TI - The extremity soft-tissue lesion: a comparative study of ultrasound, computed tomography, and xeroradiography. AB - Twenty-five extremity soft-tissue lesions were evaluated by ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and xeroradiography (XR). The lesion was detected by CT in 20 of 25 cases. In five cases, a soft-tissue tumor was not identified by CT due to small lesion size, isodensity, or the inability to distinguish scar tissue from recurrent tumor. Of the three modalities, the vascular bundle was most reliably defined by CT. In 20 of 25 cases, the lesion was detected by XR, but the size was accurately determined in only 13 cases. PMID- 7208942 TI - Radiographic scanning in barium examinations of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - The possibility of using radiographic scanning for gastrointestinal studies was evaluated experimentally. Two tubular barium-filled phantoms containing simulated ulcers and polyps were placed in a 25-cm water container, and radiographs made with the conventional technique and scanographic technique were compared. Images obtained with the radiographic scanner were superior in contrast and sharpness. Two-millimeter polyps could be easily detected in the larger phantom. Due to improved latitude the larger phantom could be adequately penetrated without overexposing the smaller phantom. This was not possible with the standard technique. Best results were obtained with a heavily filtered 140-kVp beam. Radiographic scanning has great promise in barium examinations of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7208943 TI - Calcified venous thrombosis of the lower extremities. AB - The radiographic appearance of dense, linear calcifications in the soft tissues of the lower extremities in the region of the superficial femoral, greater saphenous, and popliteal veins is described. These calcifications are suggestive of venous thrombosis. In the appropriate clinical setting, confirmatory venography should be performed. PMID- 7208945 TI - The association of juvenile hypothyroidism and cystic ovaries. AB - Five cases of girls with juvenile hypothyroidism in whom cystic ovaries were diagnosed with ultrasound are presented. Only one of the five patients had gynecologic complaints; the other four had signs and symptoms directly related to hypothyroidism (short stature in three, and irregular menses and delayed sexual development in one). Two of the girls showed evidence of precocious sexual development. All five patients were treated with Synthroid (levothyroxine sodium). In the four girls for whom follow-up was available, both the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism and the ovarian cysts resolved with treatment. When ovarian cysts are found in a girl who is either prepubescent or in early pubescence, the possibility of associated hypothyroidism should be considered PMID- 7208944 TI - Normal roentgen variant: pseudospondylolysis. PMID- 7208946 TI - The evolution of the radiologic lead line. AB - Serial radiographs of lead-poisoned children showed separation of lead lines from the zone of provisional calcification within four weeks at sites of rapid growth. Lead lines do not appear until blood lead attains a concentration of 70 to 80 micrograms/dl. They are not affected by treatment, but disappear spontaneously within four years. While they remain in the diaphysis, they provide a marker for the time of onset of lead toxicity and the subsequent rate of bone growth. PMID- 7208947 TI - Cerebral venous angiomas: clinical evaluation and possible etiology. AB - The authors report 6 cases of cerebral venous angioma and compare the angiographic findings, clinical symptoms, electroencephalographic foci, and histological features to those in 26 previously reported cases. They conclude that the so-called venous angioma has little clinical significance, that neither arteries nor capillaries are involved in this type of vascular malformation, and that the small, dilated veins which develop secondarily are due to an abnormality in venous development during embryogenesis. PMID- 7208949 TI - [An inherent prolidase deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208950 TI - The effect of dietary supplementation of fish oil on experimental myocardial infarction. AB - The effect of altering the abundance of precursors and inhibitors of prostaglandin formation by dietary supplements of fish oil was investigated in dogs with experimentally induced myocardial infarction. Prior to induction, 10 male mongrel dogs were fed standard dog chow supplemented with 25% of the total calories as menhaden oil for 36 to 45 days. The fatty acid composition of th lipids in plasma and platelets changed to reflect the increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 type. Thrombosis and subsequent infarction was induced by electrical stimulation of the left circumflex coronary artery of ambulatory dogs that were monitored by telemetry. Upon stimulation of control animals, the frequency of ectopic beats rose from less than 10% at the beginning to about 80% after 19 hours. In contrast, the oil-fed dogs maintained a more normal ECG pattern, showing less than 30% ectopic beats after 19 hours. In these animals, the size of infarction (measured by formazan formation) was 3% of the left ventricle compared to 25% in the control animals. The results suggest that dietary supplementation with fish oil may be beneficial in reducing myocardial damage associated with coronary artery thrombosis. PMID- 7208948 TI - Pituitary microadenoma: a radiological-surgical correlative study. AB - In this study, the authors evaluated the correlation between the radiological changes in the sella (using thin-section, complex motion tomography) and the location of pituitary microadenomas at surgery. A significant discrepancy was noted between the tomographic and surgical location of the tumor in 14 of 55 patients. The authors caution about absolute reliance upon tomography for making the diagnosis of pituitary microadenoma in a given patient. PMID- 7208951 TI - The prostaglandins of articular cartilage. I. Correlates of prostaglandin activity in a chondrocyte culture system. AB - Suspensions of aggregated chondrocytes display active prostaglandin (PG) production. Radioimmunoassay of culture media and thin layer chromatographic analysis suggests that PGE2 is the primary PG synthesized. In order of decreasing concentration, the following PG were tentatively identified; PGE greater than PGI greater than PGA + PGB greater than or equal to PGF1+2 greater than TxB. An inverse logarithmic relationship was identified between PG synthesis and cells cultured at densities of 1.5 to 7.5 x 10(6) cells/ml. Little or no change in the PG distribution profile was seen at these high cell densities. Maximum PG synthesis was attained after 36 hours of incubation with persistence of high synthetic levels up to 48 hours. PGE2 production measured at various post isolation intervals indicated an initial high rate of synthesis during the first 4 hours which decreased with time up to 24 hours. Cartilage explant organ cultures demonstrated a similar level of PG synthesis suggesting minimal effect of matrix on cellular PG production. Indomethacin (5 microgram/ml) inhibited PG synthesis by 70% within 4 hours and 85% after 24 hours of exposure. Arachidonic acid supplementation (10 microM) stimulated PG synthesis by 300%. PMID- 7208953 TI - Argentation thin layer chromatography of arachidonic acid metabolites isolated from human platelets. PMID- 7208954 TI - Gestational changes in the progesterone and prostaglandin F levels of the guinea pig. AB - In 87 guinea-pigs the gestational changes were measured in the progesterone (P) and prostaglandin F (PGF) levels of the peripheral and uterine vein plasmas, ovaries, uterus, placenta, fetal membranes and amniotic fluid. In the ovaries, the peripheral and uterine vein plasma, placenta and uterus, P-concentrations increase during early pregnancy and after a plateau decrease significantly as term approaches. In contrast, the uterine-vein PGF-levels remain low throughout pregnancy and only increase near term. Thus, in the guinea-pig, as in the classic species of P-action, normal pregnancy is characterized by high P and low PGF levels and labor by low P and high PGF levels. Of special interest are the additional findings that in the guinea-pig the uterine tissue P-levels are only a fraction of the peripheral plasma levels and the placental PGF-levels far exceed those of the uterus and fetal membranes. To promote the biological interpretation of the endogenous changes in the regulatory profile of the pregnant guinea-pig, current studies examine the functional consequences of the experimentally induced changes in P and PGF-levels. PMID- 7208952 TI - Concentration of prostaglandins PGE and PGF, estrone, estradiol, and progesterone in human corpora lutea. AB - The concentrations of prostaglandins PGE and PGF, estrone, estradiol and progesterone in human corpora lutea were measured by radioimmunoassay at various stages of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The concentrations of PGF were found to be significantly higher in both the mid and late luteal phases than in the early luteal phase. In the mid luteal phase there was a concomittant increase in PGE levels, but these levels had declined in the late luteal phase. Steroid concentrations were generally lower in the late luteal phase. It has been postulated that in the human corpus luteum locally produced prostaglandins may be responsible for luteolysis. Our data on the concentrations of PGF and PGE in corpora lutea at various stages of the luteal phase support such a possibility. PMID- 7208956 TI - [The presence of a third party in psychoanalysis. The problem of outside financing]. PMID- 7208957 TI - [Psychoanalysis as a part of social health insurance. An attitude picture from the year 1974]. PMID- 7208955 TI - The influence of prostaglandins on sperm motility. AB - Prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha were measured in ejaculates from 10 fertile and 55 infertile men. Prostaglandin F2 alpha was negatively correlated with motility (r = 0.77; p less than 0.01) in normal men. In patients with disturbed fertility, prostaglandin F2 alpha was always higher than in the controls, while prostaglandin E2 was elevated only in patients with persisting varicocele and in those with very low sperm counts and severely impaired motility. There was neither de novo synthesis of prostaglandins in spermatozoa nor were binding sites for prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha detectable. Inactivation of seminal prostaglandins by incubation with prostaglandin 15-hydroxydehydrogenase resulted in a dramatic fall in motility. The results suggest that prostaglandin F2 alpha act on motility, but the action is not mediated by receptors. PMID- 7208958 TI - [The "interactional reality" of schizophrenics]. PMID- 7208959 TI - [Psychoanalysis and systems theory - a contradiction? A plea for "psychoanalytic systems theory"]. PMID- 7208960 TI - [Treatment technic for seriously disturbed psychosomatic patients]. PMID- 7208962 TI - [Psychoanalytic self-exploratory groups at the university]. PMID- 7208963 TI - ["The interpretation of dreams" and "infantile cerebral palsy." Reflections on Freud's theory development]. PMID- 7208961 TI - [Self-esteem in patients with ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7208964 TI - [Involuntary psychiatric examination and treatment under the mental health draft proposal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208966 TI - [The secretion of pancreatic ribonuclease in patients with duodenal ulcer after surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208965 TI - [Effect of particular lipid and protein component on viscosity of human plasma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208967 TI - [Pathomechanism of the disease caused by chronic exposure to vinyl chloride (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208968 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis: indications, methods, complications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208969 TI - [Amyloidosis with special reference to kidneys (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208970 TI - [Complex treatment of cleft lip and cleft palate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208972 TI - [Non-destructive neutron activation analysis of dental porcelain powders (author's transl)]. AB - Determination of 15 elements in the dental porcelain powders (Vita VMK 68) marketed in Japan was done by means of non-destructive neutron activation analysis. The potassium and sodium contents showed less variations from powder to powder, and the uranium contents varied from a few ppm to 1090 ppm in a wide range. The high contents of uranium (345--1090 ppm) were detected in the powders of Enamel, Dentin, Effect, Color and Gum which were used for the superficial parts of a porcelain crown, while the low contents of uranium (1.6--2.7 ppm) were detected in those of Opaque and Translucent which were used for the core part and the top of the crown. Cerium and samarium were also detected in each powder in the amounts similar to those of uranium. The main radionuclides present in the porcelain powders were 238U, 235U, 234U, 234mPa, 234Th, 231Th and 40K. The activities of these nuclides were calculated and discussed. PMID- 7208971 TI - [Amyloidosis in the light of material of nephrological division of the Institute of Internal Medicine of Medical Academy, Cracow, in years 1969-1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208974 TI - Activation analysis of cancerous tissues after long cooling period. PMID- 7208973 TI - [Neutron activation analysis of human hair--multivariate analysis of factors influencing on trace element contents in hair-- (author's transl)]. AB - As a part of IAEA research project, "Activation analysis of hair as an indicator of contamination of man by environmental trace element pollutants", a survey was carried out to elucidate the levels of various trace element concentrations in hair of local population in the Tokyo Metropolitan areas, by applying instrumental neutron activation analysis. A total of 202 scalp hair samples were collected from the inhabitants classified by sex and five age classes. Irradiation was made in the Rikkyo University 100 kW TRIGA MARK-II reactor. Using several combinations of irradiation time, cooling time and counting time, forty elements were determined. The relationship between several trace element contents in hair and such factors as sex, age class, hair treatment, smoking habit and dental treatment, was analyzed by using the method of multiple regression. It was shown that (1) Hair treatment had a predominant effect on the contents of bromine, magnesium and calcium in hair, (2) Aging and smoking contributed increasing mercury content in hair, and hair treatment acted reversely. PMID- 7208976 TI - [Comparative measurement of Ca/P atomic ratio in calcium-hydroxyapatite by RI-X ray and alpha particle excited X-ray fluorescence analyses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208977 TI - [Determination of 14C-labelled amino acids by use of radio-liquid chromatograph system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208975 TI - Trace elements in the urine of diabetics determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. PMID- 7208979 TI - [Study of bone scintigram of patients who suffer fracture of the ribs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208978 TI - [Comparative studies of two PTH RIA kit (PTH "Eiken" and PTH.I-125 (CIS)) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208981 TI - Application of a continuous channel electron multiplier for measuring gaseous tritium at low pressures. AB - Some fundamental studies on the application of a continuous channel electron multiplier (channeltron) for monitoring gaseous tritium present in an evacuated vessel at low pressures below 10(-4) Torr were carried out. The results showed that at the tritium pressures lower than 10(-6) Torr the tritium counting rate measured by the channeltron increased linearly, in practice, with increasing tritium pressure, as was expected by assuming that the interactions between beta particle emitted from tritium and the vessel wall and gaseous molecules during the migration of beta-particle to the channeltron can be ignored. However, in the range of pressures over 10(-5) Torr the measured tritium counting rate was found to be getting smaller than the expected with increase in tritium pressure. This is presumably due to the absorption and scattering of beta-particles by gaseous tritium. PMID- 7208980 TI - [Application of a compact cyclotron to clinical medicine--results of one-year clinical research-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208982 TI - New Anger scintillation cameras with improved count rate capability. AB - This paper proposes scintillation cameras which can handle input pulse rates beyond 1 Mcps with negligible as spatial resolution and energy resolution at low pulse rates. The cameras are based on the "variable sampling-time technique", in which phototube current pulses are first shortened in width and then selectively integrated by gated integrators followed by sample-and-hold circuits. The period of integration before sampling is not fixed but shortened by the arrival of the following pulse to keep a high pulse-pair time resolution. An approximate expression for the count rate characteristics has been derived, and its validity was confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicates that the maximum observed count rate will reach 420-520 kcps with an energy window fraction of 0.5 for typical design parameters. PMID- 7208983 TI - [Distribution of uranium in dental porcelains by means of the fission track method (author's transl)]. AB - Porcelain teeth, some of which contain uranium compounds for aesthetic purpose, have been widely used in dental clinics. Hazardous effects due to uranium radiation have been suggested by recent publications. In the previous study, the authors reported the uranium content of porcelain teeth and radiation dose by it. In this study, using the fission track method, the authors examined spatial distribution of uranium in dental porcelain teeth (4 brands) which were marketed in Japan. From each sample of porcelain tooth, a 1-mm-thick specimen was sliced, and uranium content was measured at every 0.19 mm from labial side to lingual side for making a uranium distribution chart. Higher uranium concentration was found in Trubyte Bioblend porcelain teeth (USA) and they showed almost uniform distribution of uranium, while those of the Japanese three brands indicated, in most case, comparatively lower concentration and found to be non-uniform distributions. Range of uranium concentration in these brands were N.D. approximately 5.2 ppm (Shofu-Ace), N.D. approximately 342 ppm (Shofu-Real), N.D. approximately 47 ppm (G.C. Livdent) and N.D. approximately 235 ppm (Trubyte Bioblend), respectively. PMID- 7208984 TI - [99mTc-MAA brain scan and CT in the diagnosis of intracranial diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Brain scan with 99mTc-labelled macroaggregated albumin (MAA brain scan) and computed tomography studies (CT) were performed on 78 patients with intracranial diseases. 99mTc-MAA was injected into right and left carotid artery respectively, at the different time. And then diagnostic evaluation of both techniques were investigated. The MAA brain scan was useful for the detection of ischemic lesion in the early stage after onset of cerebral infarction. It was shown in 29.5% that partial field of anterior cerebral artery was injected through the contralateral artery. In these cases, the MAA brain scan was also useful. In the cases of hemorrhagic lesions, however, the CT was more useful than MAA brain scan. Therefore, the both techniques helped each other in the diagnosis of intracranial diseases. PMID- 7208985 TI - Studies on the metabolism and toxicity of dinitrotoluenes--changes of excretion, distribution and metabolism of 3H-2,4-dinitrotoluene (3H-2,4-DNT) in rats. PMID- 7208986 TI - [The performances of the slow temperature Mossbauer spectrometer of the National Universities' Laboratory for the common use of JAERI Facilities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208987 TI - [Self radiation shielding on the baby cyclotron (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208988 TI - [Fundamental study of hepato-biliary and alimentary scintigram with double isotope method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208990 TI - [Contribution of 210Bi beta-ray induced bremsstrahlung to the emission of Pb-KX rays observed in the lead shielded gamma-ray background spectrum (author's transl)]. AB - Observation of gamma-ray background has been done by using a Ge(Li) semiconductor detector when it was placed inside the lead shielding material. With the aid of a very simple model calculation, the concentration of 210Pb radioisotope embedded in the lead material has been estimated to be 0.1-0.4 (Bq/Pb-g) (3-12 (pCi/Pb-g). The origin of Pb-KX-ray emission, the highest peak in the background spectrum, has been investigated by comparing the 210Pb-47 keV gamma-ray and Pb-KX-ray peak counts. As the results, about 50 +/- 30% of Pb-KX-ray production is estimated to be due to the Pb-K shell photoionization which is induced by the bremsstrahlung of 210Bi beta-ray. PMID- 7208991 TI - Neutron activation analysis of normal and cadmium injected rat liver using ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate extraction. AB - A radiochemical group separation using APDC extraction was applied to the neutron activation analysis of normal and cadmium injected rat liver. In order to optimize determinations of induced radionuclides with various half lives, the gamma-ray spectra were obtained after various decay times. Eight elements, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn, were determined from rat liver samples within 12 day after irradiation. Although Cd, Cu and Mo in normal rat liver could not be detected by nondestructive method, they could be determined after the extraction. The tendency was seen that the concentration of all the elements as mentioned above are increased by cadmium injection. In particular, zinc and copper exhibited high values. PMID- 7208989 TI - [Radiation protection regulations in various countries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208992 TI - [Adsorption behavior and distribution coefficient of 137Cs and 85Sr on sand (author's transl)]. AB - The adsorption behavior of radionuclides (137Cs and 85Sr) on sand and the influence of pH on the distribution coefficient have been studied. The adsorption obeys the Henry adsorption isotherm, which is an approximation of Freudlich adsorption isotherm, in the concentration range of 10(-9) approximately 10(-12) mol/l for both 137Cs and 85Sr. Their distribution coefficients do not depend on the concentration of radionuclides provided that sand particle size, pH, concentration of coexisting cations and so on are fixed. PMID- 7208993 TI - [Absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism of 14C-miloxacin in female rats (author's transl)]. AB - Absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism of 5,8-dihydro-5-methoxy-8 oxo-2H-1, 3-dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxylic acid(miloxacin), a new antimicrobial agent, were studied in female rats by using 14C-miloxacin which was administered orally to the animals in a dose of 50 mg/kg. 14C-Miloxacin was absorbed rather fast and the radioactivity of 14C distributed widely in a variety of tissues. Peak concentrations of 14C in serum and tissues occurred 1 to 2 hr after dosing, and were approximately 60 micrograms equivalent of miloxacin per ml or g in serum, liver and kidney. Excretion of 14C in urine and feces was fast, and recoveries of 14C during 48 hr period were approximately 30% in urine and 60% in feces. Concentrations of intact 14C-miloxacin were higher in serum and kidney while lower in liver. Major metabolites in excreta were the demethoxy derivative (M-1) and the glucuronide of miloxacin; and as minor metabolites five other metabolites were identified. As sex differences, the following facts were observed; concentrations of 14C in serum and tissues were generally 1.2 to 1.6 times higher in female rats those in male rats, and the capacity to metabolize miloxacin, especially in the glucuronic acid conjugation, was rather lower in female rats than that in male rats. PMID- 7208995 TI - [Determination of triiodothyronine in serum by RIA kit of SPAC T3 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208994 TI - [Determination of triiodothyronine in serum by RIA kit of SPAC T3 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208996 TI - [Determination of triiodothyronine in serum by RIA kit of Amerlex T3 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208998 TI - [Evaluation of Anti HBc RIA Kit (CORAB) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208997 TI - [Determination of thyroxine in serum by RIA kit of Amerlex T4 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7208999 TI - [Radiation protection regulations in various countries (II) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209001 TI - Extracts of virus-inhibiting plants active against Ehrlich tumor. PMID- 7209000 TI - Allometric eye growth in rats nursed by alcoholic dams. PMID- 7209002 TI - [Karyometric study of leiomyocytes of the inner muscle layer of the rat uterus at 6, 12 and 18 days of pregnancy]. PMID- 7209003 TI - [Action of indomethacin on renal blood flow and urinary excretion during compensatory hypertrophy]. PMID- 7209004 TI - Molluscicidal activity of synthetic derivatives of 2-hydroxyethylphthalimide. PMID- 7209005 TI - A pharmacological aspect of the aqueous extract of Alstonia boonei (De Wild). PMID- 7209006 TI - [Scientific session at the Luis Calvo MacKenna hospital auditorium]. PMID- 7209007 TI - [Measles-pneumonia in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7209008 TI - [Malignant ovarian tumors in childhood]. PMID- 7209009 TI - [Schoenlein-Henoch syndrome. Analysis of 36 clinical observations]. PMID- 7209010 TI - [Correlation of carotenemia and intestinal villosity]. PMID- 7209011 TI - [Experience of Klebsiella sepsis in the Servicio de Pediatria del Hospital Dr. Juan Noe C]. PMID- 7209012 TI - [West's syndrome with an increase of immunoglobulins in the spinal fluid]. PMID- 7209013 TI - [Beals' syndrome (report of clinical case)]. PMID- 7209014 TI - [Morbidity and infant medical care in the Gran Santiago]. PMID- 7209016 TI - [The smoking habit in an urban student population]. PMID- 7209015 TI - [Prevalence of high risk in children aged 0 to 24 months. Santa Julia clinic. East hospital area, 1979]. PMID- 7209017 TI - [Abdominal echography. II. Hepatic echography]. PMID- 7209018 TI - [Retrospective study of 100 cases of pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 7209019 TI - [Typhoid fever in Spain. Apropos of the observation of 65 cases]. PMID- 7209020 TI - [Current status of meningococcal meningitis in Cantabria. Review of 82 cases]. PMID- 7209021 TI - [Hemochromatosis. Cardiac involvement]. PMID- 7209022 TI - [Evaluation of the antibiotic levels in blood and in respiratory secretions in various types of bronchopulmonary infections]. PMID- 7209023 TI - [Protocol of simplified diagnostic evaluation of the hypertensive patient. Comparative results]. PMID- 7209024 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium of cerebrospinal fluid in acute inflammations of the encephalon and meninges]. PMID- 7209025 TI - [Celiac disease. I: Clinical aspects (17 cases)]. PMID- 7209026 TI - [Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava as the 1st manifestation of seminoma in an adult]. PMID- 7209027 TI - [Atypical forms of tuberculosis. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 7209028 TI - [Generalized sarcoid reaction or sarcoidosis associated with lymphoma?]. PMID- 7209029 TI - [Familial Sjogren's syndrome, pseudolymphoma and selective C4 deficiency associated with cryoglobulinemia]. PMID- 7209030 TI - [Norepinephrine depletion in the central nervous system of rats with portacaval shunts]. PMID- 7209031 TI - [Aminoglycosides and dynamics of the bladder muscle. In vitro study]. PMID- 7209032 TI - [The paradoxic behavior of the kidney in Bartter's syndrome and other processes]. PMID- 7209033 TI - [Uremic pericarditis. Study of 24 cases]. PMID- 7209034 TI - [Peritoneal tuberculosis. Review of 23 cases with emphasis on the diagnostic aspects]. PMID- 7209035 TI - [Ulcer of the hernial neck as an unusual complication of hiatal hernia]. PMID- 7209036 TI - [A case of Lennert's lymphoma]. PMID- 7209037 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities of mebendazole in hepatic hydatidosis]. PMID- 7209038 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus and epilepsy]. PMID- 7209039 TI - [Right atrial . Report of a case associated with pulmonary tuberculosis and patent oval foramen]. PMID- 7209041 TI - [The so-called nephrotic syndrome with minimal changes in the adult]. PMID- 7209040 TI - [Calcified metastasis of a malignant ovarian tumor. Current news]. PMID- 7209042 TI - [Uremic pericarditis]. PMID- 7209043 TI - [Pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7209044 TI - [Possible errors in the interpretation of bacterial sensitivity to aminoglycoside antibiotics]. PMID- 7209045 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 7209046 TI - [Incomplete forms of Reiter's syndrome]. PMID- 7209047 TI - [Clinical manifestations of thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7209048 TI - [Diagnostic tests in thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7209049 TI - [Association of vasopressin-sensitive diabetes insipidus with hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 7209050 TI - [Value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 7209051 TI - [Renovascular arterial hypertension associated with primary nephropathy]. PMID- 7209052 TI - [Apropos of 2 cases of hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis]. PMID- 7209053 TI - [Peritoneal sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7209054 TI - [Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. III. Therapeutic measures]. PMID- 7209055 TI - [Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. II. Presentation of 10 cases. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and course]. PMID- 7209056 TI - [Endoscopy and histopathology of the gastric mucosa in chronic renal patients undergoing periodic dialysis]. PMID- 7209058 TI - [Clinical study and presentation of 6 families with Rotor disease]. PMID- 7209057 TI - [Liver and kidney disorders in icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis. Apropos of 6 cases]. PMID- 7209059 TI - [Persistent high fever as the primary manifestation of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7209060 TI - [Diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic calcifying pancreatitis]. PMID- 7209061 TI - [Extramembranous glomerulonephritis induced by D-penicillamine. Description of a case]. PMID- 7209062 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in left spontaneous pneumothorax. Retrospective study]. PMID- 7209063 TI - [Bone disease in maintenance hemodialysis. Clinical, biochemical and radiological correlates]. PMID- 7209064 TI - [Simple and highly efficient method for the early diagnosis of acute cholecystitis: gallbladder tomography with infusion of contrast media]. PMID- 7209065 TI - [The importance of consultation in anesthesiology. Apropos of hepatic changes in patients with chronic renal failure: II]. PMID- 7209066 TI - [Computers in intensive care units]. PMID- 7209068 TI - [Essential arterial hypertension and anesthesia: I. Preoperative study]. PMID- 7209067 TI - [Myocardial protection in extracorporeal circulation with cardioplegic solutions: cardioplegia with Ringer lactate; ionic and gasometric study of acid-base equilibrium]. PMID- 7209069 TI - [Essential arterial hypertension and anesthesia: II. Retrospective study of per- and post-operative pressure variations]. PMID- 7209070 TI - [Ultracaine in spinal anesthesia]. PMID- 7209071 TI - [Adrenal medulla hyperplasia]. PMID- 7209072 TI - [Diabetes insipidus of traumatic origin. Problems of diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7209073 TI - [Aging of the central and peripheral nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - In introduction to the symposium devoted to Aging of the Central (C.N.S.) and Peripheral Nervous System, the author deals with certain sociological and medical considerations relating to the influence of neurological aging in the general problems of senescence. He emphasises the interest of neurobiological studies comparing aging of the C.N.S. and that of the Peripheral Nervous System. He indicates the need for distinction to be made between normal and pathological aging, between irreversible lesional deficits and deficits related to poor functional adaptability. This introduction also refers to the importance of methodological problems, in particular relating to the choice of samples, the taking into consideration of reference groups of healthy young individuals, the limitations of transverse studies, the need for multifactorial analyses including psychometric, electrophysiological, morphometric, neurochemical, haemodynamic and metabolic data. The author finishes by a review of classical E.E.G. findings in the elderly subject. PMID- 7209074 TI - [Some relationships between occipital E.E.G. activity and age. A spectral analytic study (author's transl)]. AB - Experience amassed over many years indicates that the human E.E.G. undergoes characteristic changes with advancing age. To study these phenomena a spectral analytic investigation was carried out. Results obtained from the E.E.G. by spectral analysis (lead O2-CZ, 3-minute resting E.E.G., n = 739, age range 20-95 years) show that a slowing of the dominant occipital alpha frequency occurs increasingly in old age. Slow activities, delta and theta, increase in percentage to the entire spectrum, while at the same time there is a decrease in percentage in alpha and beta activities (statistical evaluation: polynomial regression analysis). Another investigation was carried out in 619 subjects ranging in age between 20 and 95 years, in order to identify the E.E.G. variable most closely correlated with age. All the subjects had a normal alpha E.E.G. and were in a state of physical and mental health normal for their chronological age. Because of the mutual dependency of the E.E.G. parameters and the possible existence of substructures within the data that are not related to age, factor analyses were performed. Three factors account for about 80% of the total variance, on the which can be considered age-related. In this factor the variable age has the highest loading and the dominant (alpha) frequency shows -- negatively correlated with age -- the second highest loading. It is therefore assumed that, among the various E.E.G. variables correlated with age, the slowing of the dominant (alpha) frequency represents the most characteristic symptom of the E.E.G. in senescence. PMID- 7209075 TI - [Spectral analysis of normal subjects and cardiac patients in relation to the age (author's transl)]. AB - A statistical study has been performed on E.E.G. spectral analysis of control subjects and cardiac patients. This work has confirmed that the cerebral activity was slightly different in relation to the age. These modifications concern alpha frequencies, and also delta, theta and beta energies. In cardiac patients, these changes occurred earlier than in control subjects, but the evolution is different in relation to the pathology. PMID- 7209076 TI - [Peripheral and central somatosensory pathways and evoked cerebral potentials during aging (author's transl)]. AB - This study used electrical stimulation of the fingers and hands and evoked potentials to determine the functional state of the peripheral and central somatosensitive pathway in octogenarian subjects after very strict selection to exclude associated disease. The nerve fibers of the digital nerves were studied by recording the antidromic potential. Despite a marked reduction in the amplitude of this potential and an increase in latent period and duration, absolute and functional refractory periods were not increased with aging. Slowing in the rate of orthodromic conduction was demonstrated by the recording of nerve potentials and the spinal evoked potential. The amplitude of this evoked activity in the neck is significantly reduced in octogenarians. By contrast, the central transit of the somatosensory afferent impulses from the spinal cord to the cortex is remarkably well preserved. In addition, the amplitude of the parietal components of S.E.P. are significantly increased in the octogenarian. PMID- 7209077 TI - [Auditory brainstem potentials in old adult subjects (author's transl)]. AB - Auditory brainstem potentials were recorded in 54 old adult subjects ranging in age from 61 to 89 years. Attention was paid to interwave latencies in order to assess the effects of aging on central conduction time. The data were compared to those obtained in 41 young adult subjects. Advancing age resulted in a slight prolongation of I-III, III-V and I-V interpeak latencies when compared to young adult subjects (about 0.2 ms); nevertheless there were no statistical differences between the mean values of old and young subjects. Abnormalities of brainstem potentials were found in 30% of the old patients; i.e. interpeak latency prolongation and desynchronisation. Brainstem abnormalities were more likely to be found in patients with delta E.E.G. activity and criteria of deterioration at the psychometric tests. Lesser degrees of abnormalities (7%) were seen in old patients without any vascular or neurologic disorder, than in patients with one of those pathological processes (77%). The results suggest that brainstem potentials abnormalities observed in old subjects are not related to age as such, but to associated vascular or degenerative disorders, the frequency of which increases with age. PMID- 7209078 TI - [Visual evoked potentials in elderly subjects (author's transl)]. AB - Study of visual evoked potentials by contrast stimuli (VEPL) and by luminance stimuli (VEPC) in 28 subjects aged between 65 and 95 years (mean age: 81.8 years). Changes related to aging in regard to VEP involve: an increase of latencies of VEPL affecting the early components and an increase in the maximum amplitude of VEPL. The course of EP as age progresses introduces a difference in topographical organisation with a deterioration of responses in the left occipital regions and a change in potentials recorded at the vertex. Aging would appear to cause more marked inter-individual differences which could have clinical implications by making it possible to demonstrate individual differences in the biological processes of aging. PMID- 7209079 TI - [Changes in temporal organization of sleep stages in man aged from 20 to 70 years [author's transl)]. AB - E.E.G. tracings during sleep were compared in three age groups: 20-30 years, 50 60 years and 60-70 years. There was a marked reduction in stages 3 and 4 as a function of age, an increase in awakenings during the night and in stage I, and a considerable modification in temporal distribution of PS during the night, this being no longer more concentrated at the end of the night but tending to be regularly distributed throughout the night period. The authors emphasize that sleep organization persists in normal subjects up to an advanced age. The average effects of aging (reduction in SWS and increase in awake periods and light sleep) do not necessarily reflect changes occurring in sleep in any given individual. A hypothesis is suggested that the effects of aging rather tend to produce an increase in certain individual sleep characteristics. PMID- 7209080 TI - [Respiratory changes during sleep in healthy elderly subjects (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied sleep organization and modifications in ventilation in 20 healthy subjects (11 men, 9 women) with an average age of 65 years. There was a diminution (in relation to young adults) in the quantity of sleep with a relative increase in light slow wave sleep and reduction in deep slow wave and REM sleep phases. A reduction was also noted in the ventilation rate during slow wave and REM sleep phases in relation to calm awake periods, especially towards the end of the night. This was due to a reduction in tidal volume insufficiently compensated by an increased ventilation frequency. Hypopnea and apnea were noted in 19 of the 20 subjects, the latter occurring in the form of obstructive apnea during light slow wave sleep. The variable number of apnea can be used to divide the subjects into two sub-groups: one group of 14 of the subjects who had less than 50 apnea; the other group containing 6 subjects, all males, having more than 80 apnea during the night, and being identical to a group of patients with the sleep apnea syndrome. PMID- 7209081 TI - [Ultrasonographic study of the cerebral circulation in elderly subjects (author's transl)]. AB - The amount of diastolic blood flow in the carotid and vertebral axes determines the tolerance capacity of the cerebral circulation to physiological variations. In the elderly subject this "circulatory reserve" is modified by increases in cerebral circulation resistance, but also by various common cardiac or blood pressure disorders. Furthermore, direct visualization of the atheromatous plaques and calcifications in the vessel walls by ultrasonography can reveal lesions that have no clinical expression. PMID- 7209082 TI - [Influence of age on several parameters of the Doppler signal at the carotid level (author's transl)]. AB - Doppler recordings are an interesting method of exploration of the circulatory system and more information can be obtained than is generally accepted. This study demonstrates the influence of age on the Doppler signal treated in 3 different ways. This is done in order to obtain supplementary criteria if possible, which can be used to assess arterial aging and its possible pathological character. The results show the dispersion of the resistance index R after 50 years of age, many subjects having an increased index. The influence of various factors such as hypertension, smoking..., are analyzed. Particular attention is drawn to the morphological changes in the curve. Hard echos that are usually filtered are specifically analyzed. These represent the reflexion of ultrasounds on the arterial wall and it could be possible to obtain information on flow rate and vessel wall elasticity. Preliminary results show important variations of the signal with age. Doppler recordings from the carotid vessels can be used to follow, in an approximate manner, the rapid variations of cerebral blood perfusion. The during of circulatory disturbance was studied when the cerebral circulation was exposed to a particular situation requiring rapid adaptation: in this case the squatting-standing test. Large differences were observed according to age. PMID- 7209083 TI - [Sternal malformations and congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 7209084 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography in the study of mitral bacterial endocarditis. Comparison with surgical and anatomo-pathological findings in 8 cases]. PMID- 7209085 TI - [Ventricular activation time at aVL and V6 leads in left anterior hemiblock]. PMID- 7209086 TI - [Diagnosis of tricuspid insufficiency by contrast echocardiography]. PMID- 7209088 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography: I. Technic and equipment]. PMID- 7209087 TI - [[Participation of angiotensin II in the mechanism of arterial hypertension in coarctation of the aorta]. PMID- 7209089 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography: II. Nomenclature and scan planes]. PMID- 7209090 TI - [Cathode stimulation as a cause of ventricular fibrillation induced by a pacemaker. Report of a case]. PMID- 7209091 TI - [Systemic-pulmonary fistulas. Hemodynamic-angiographic diagnosis in 3 cases]. PMID- 7209092 TI - [Electric alternance of the T wave and [[torsade de pointes"]. PMID- 7209093 TI - [Primary dissecting aneurysm of the coronary arteries. Case report]. PMID- 7209094 TI - [Villous tumor of the rectum complicated by dehydration and uremia. Report of a new case]. PMID- 7209095 TI - [Indications and results in the use of the gastric fundus patch in peptic stenosis of the esophagus]. PMID- 7209096 TI - [Dermatitis herpetiformis in a boy]. PMID- 7209097 TI - [Post-traumatic cholecystitis. Review of the literature with presentation of a case]. PMID- 7209098 TI - [108 cases of Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 7209099 TI - [Biliary ileus]. PMID- 7209100 TI - [Clinico-endoscopic study of the comparative therapeutic effectiveness of cimetidine alone or combined with fentonium bromide in gastric and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7209101 TI - [Hepatic granulomatosis caused by anaerobic microbes]. PMID- 7209102 TI - [Fasciola hepatica (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 7209103 TI - [Loco-regional treatment of breast cancer]. AB - The author reviews the evolution of the conservative treatment of breast cancer surgery making a critical analysis of the different procedures. PMID- 7209104 TI - [Treatment of local and regional breast cancer: chemotherapy]. PMID- 7209105 TI - [The place of radiotherapy among the oncology specialties]. PMID- 7209106 TI - Calendar of international congresses 1980-1982. PMID- 7209107 TI - [Correlations between prolactin and somatotropic hormone in human breast cancer]. AB - The authors review any possible correlation between prolactin and growth hormone in human breast cancer. They find neither a significant relationship between growth hormone and breast cancer nor between prolactin and growth hormone. In many cases however, prolactin levels may be used as a neoplastic marker. The excess of prolactin could originate either in a tumor factor stimulating its secretion by the hypophysis or in an ectopic production of the hormone by tumor tissue. PMID- 7209108 TI - [Hydroxyprolinuria in relation to bone metastases in patients with breast cancer]. AB - The authors study the daily elimination of hydroxyproline in breast cancer with and without roentgenological or radioisotopic bone scanning evidence of bone lesion. The results show that urinary hydroxyproline is a better procedure than roentgenology or scanning for the diagnosis of bone metastasis. PMID- 7209109 TI - [Immunotherapy of cancer using levamisole, immunologic control of the post surgical patient and graphic follow-up]. AB - The continuous administration of levamisole for immunological stimulation after breast cancer surgery increases life expectancy significantly. PMID- 7209111 TI - [Early diagnosis of breast cancer]. AB - The author makes a review of the early diagnosis of breast cancer. He indicates the accumulated characteristics of a theoretical statistical prototype having the highest risk and the convenience of carrying out a periodical medical examination of women approaching it. PMID- 7209110 TI - Changes in the free and rough endoplasmic reticulum-bound ribosomes of Ehrlich ascites cancer cells during the cell cycle. AB - The amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and associated polyribosomes changes during the cell cycle. We describe here the amount and activity of free and RER-bound ribosomes of Ehrlich ascites cancer cells. RER does not exist during the G1, G2 and M phases, it appears in the early S phase and decreases in the second half of S. The formation of RER during the S phase and the S phase RER found ribosomes may be related to the biosynthesis of histones, some fundamental non-histonic nuclear proteins, and enzymes involved in DNA replication and several metabolic reactions. PMID- 7209112 TI - the decade of the eighties: significant trends and developments for hearing impaired individuals. PMID- 7209113 TI - Consumer involvement: the Massachusetts Vocational Rehabilitation Program. PMID- 7209114 TI - Overlap syndromes and mixed connective tissue diseases. PMID- 7209115 TI - The relationship of isokinetic torque at two speeds to the vertical jump. PMID- 7209117 TI - Vibration and rebound velocity characteristics of conventional and oversized tennis rackets. PMID- 7209116 TI - Body build and body composition of high ability female dancers. PMID- 7209118 TI - Relationship between percent maximal O2 uptake and percent maximal heart rate in women. PMID- 7209119 TI - Six mobilization exercises for active range of hip flexion. PMID- 7209120 TI - A comparison of knowledge obsolescence of graduating seniors and practitioners in the field of physical education. PMID- 7209121 TI - Significant others and professionalized sport attitudes. PMID- 7209122 TI - Differences in job satisfaction among suburban and inner-city high school physical education faculty. PMID- 7209123 TI - Attitudes, beliefs, behavioral intentions, and behaviors of women and men toward regular jogging. PMID- 7209124 TI - The attributional responses of young female athletes after winning, tying, and losing. PMID- 7209125 TI - Prediction of athletic participation in middle school males. PMID- 7209126 TI - Accuracy of pedometer in walking and running. PMID- 7209127 TI - Developmental characteristics of a forward roll. PMID- 7209128 TI - The relationship between maximum isokinetic strength and isokinetic endurance. PMID- 7209129 TI - Leisure time physical activity and job performance. PMID- 7209130 TI - Open-ended participation questions in sport and physical recreation surveys: a possible sex bias. PMID- 7209131 TI - Tupaias (tree shrews) -- a new animal model for gallstone research. III. Cholesterol metabolism under different diets and CDCA. PMID- 7209132 TI - [Arterial plasma histamine concentration during inhalation of allergen and acetylcholine before and after vagotomy. V. Communication (author's transl)]. AB - In allergic dogs ascaris extract (A.E.) inhalation and, to a less extent, acetylcholine inhalation cause a significant increase in the histamine concentration in the arterial plasma. A.E. and acetylcholine cause a similarly strong increase in Edyn. After bilateral vagotomy A.E. and acetylcholine inhalation entail only a minimal increase in Edyn. The increase in the arterial plasma histamine concentration is as strong as before vagotomy. The results support the assumption that both A.E. and acetylcholine act on the sensory receptors of the reflexway via a reflex mechanism. PO2a decreases as Edyn increases. However, after vagotomy PO2a still decreases significantly although Edyn changes hardly. A.E. and acetylcholine are assumed to have a direct effect on the non-vagus controlled peripheral airways. The peripheral airways are mainly responsible for changes in the arterial blood gases but show no effect on Edyn or airway resistance measurements. PMID- 7209133 TI - The effect of atropine on canine bile flow and biliary excretion of ioglycamate. AB - The effect of atropine on the bile flow and biliary excretion of ioglycamate, a biliary contrast medium, was studied on four anesthetized mongrel dogs equipped with a Thomas cannula through which the common bile duct was cannulated. With an infusion rate of 2 microgram/kg/min atropine sulphate decreased bile flow significantly. At the same time, the biliary concentration of ioglycamate was significantly increased. The biliary output of ioglycamate did not change during atropine infusion. The present study suggests that in this experimental model atropine decreases the bile flow but does not affect the excretion of ioglycamate. PMID- 7209134 TI - [Comparison of the effects of gastroenteric and parenteral saline loading on kidney function after inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (author's transl)]. AB - We inhibited the prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin in rats during a 7-h (periods: 1--4h; 4--5.5h; 5.5--7h) gastroenteric and parenteral infusion of isotonic saline. Indomethacin was given in a dosis of 10 mg/kg of b. wt. by stomach tube after 5.5-h infusion of saline. We studied how far prostaglandins are involved in the different function of the kidney by measuring the water and sodium excretion and the cortico-medullary osmotic and albumin concentrations of the kidney. RESULTS: 1. a) Studies Without Indomethacin. As compared to infusion of isotonic saline into the stomach water excretion is decreased by 30% (P less than 0.02) and 35% (P = n.s.) in the second and third 90 min period during parenteral infusion of saline. As compared to gastroenteric infusion we found an increase of the total osmolarity by 13% (P less than 0.02) in the cortex of the kidney. b) Studies with Indomethacin. As compared to saline infusion into the stomach indomethacin-treated rats decrease their urinary flow rates in 90 min by 26% (P = n.s.) in the presence of equivalent saline infusion into the aorta. Total osmolarity of the parenteral loaded rats increases by 17% (P less than 0.01) in the cortex of the kidney. 2. Indomethacin leads to an increased concentrating ability of the kidney in both gastroenteric and parenteral loaded rats. 3. In the presence of indomethacin plasma albumin of the kidney increases in the cortex and in the outer medulla of the kidney. In the inner medulla, and in the papillary tip, however, albumin concentration decreases significantly. As compared to gastroenteric saline infusion, the osmolarity of the kidney tissue increases and the urinary flow rate decreases during equivalent parenteral infusion of isotonic saline. The prostaglandins are not responsible for the pronounced diuresis during infusions of isotonic saline into the stomach. PMID- 7209135 TI - Damage of rat small intestine induced by ethanol. Effect of ethanol on fecal excretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase. AB - Single administration of ethanol or alcoholic beverages (5g ethanol/kg body weight) induces a decrease of the 24h excretion of fecal intestinal alkaline phosphatase (I-AP) activity of 28% (P less than 0.05) in comparison to controls (0.9% saline). Administration of higher amounts of 20% (v/v) ethanol (8g/kg body weight on 3 consecutive days) yields a decrease of fecal I-AP excretion up to 82% (P less than 0.005) in comparison to controls (saturated glucose solution). The interpretation of these results as a toxic effect of ethanol to small intestinal mucosa was supported by measurement of enzymatic activity in the small intestinal mucosa and by morphometric data. PMID- 7209136 TI - Influence of calcium dobesilate on the raised synthesis of basement membrane collagen in diabetic rats. AB - Diabetic rats were treated i.p. for 1 week with calcium dobesilate (200 mg/kg body wt.) and the influence of this substance on protein and basement membrane collagen synthesis of isolated glomeruli was investigated. Calcium dobesilate did not lead to an alteration of the diabetic metabolic situation. Compared to the non-diabetic rats, raised basement membrane collagen synthesis of diabetic rats was markedly inhibited by calcium dobesilate. However, this effect does not appear to be specific, since the raised general protein synthesis was also reduced. The findings show that the disturbed basement membrane metabolism in diabetes can be influenced without altering the metabolic situation. PMID- 7209137 TI - [Ciliary action of respiratory epithelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209138 TI - [Myocardial protection and coronary artery circulation (3)]. PMID- 7209139 TI - [Circadian variation in blood pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209140 TI - [A correction of left ventricle pressures obtained from catheter-manometer system by catheter-tip manometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209141 TI - [Infective endocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209143 TI - [Immunology of the lung (2)--sIgA]. PMID- 7209142 TI - [Inactivation of prostaglandin F2 alpha in pulmonary and systemic circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209144 TI - [Effect of pericardial patch on the outflow tract on hemodynamic and fluid dynamic parameters in the corrective surgery to tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209145 TI - [Coronary artery disease in the Japanese under age of 50: estimation of the mode of progression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209146 TI - [The changes of blood ADH levels during extracorporeal circulation-the correlation with circulating blood volume, plasma osmotic pressure and left atrial pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209147 TI - [Effect of two-step training in Ischemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209148 TI - [Primary pulmonary hypertension associated with mitral valve prolapse and ruptured tricuspid chordae tendineae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209149 TI - [A case of rheumatic fever wih Adams-Stokes seizure due to complete A-V block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209151 TI - [201-T1 myocardial scintigraphy]. PMID- 7209150 TI - [A case of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis and review of 41 cases reported in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209152 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the outflow tract stenosis of right ventricle in corrective surgery of congenital heart diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209153 TI - [Selective coronary arteriography in pediatric patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209154 TI - [Postoperative hypoxemia and hemiparesis caused by air embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209155 TI - [Double parasystole-combined atrioventricular junctional and ventricular parasystole (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209156 TI - [A case report of multiple small arteriovenous fistulas of the lung associated with juvenile hepatic cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209158 TI - [Diaphragm pacer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209157 TI - [Physiological significances in rhythmic variations of heart period and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209159 TI - [Lymph flow of the leg (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209160 TI - [Myocardial protection and coronary artery circulation (4)]. PMID- 7209161 TI - [Cardiac function of patients with acute renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209162 TI - [Weaning from respirator (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209163 TI - [Synovectomy of the knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7209164 TI - [Use of Endoxan in rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint]. PMID- 7209165 TI - [Selective failure in mathematics in elementary education]. PMID- 7209166 TI - [Retraining in mathematics]. PMID- 7209167 TI - [What can we say about the global language differences among children belonging to different social classes?]. PMID- 7209168 TI - [2 cases of retraining in 4-year-old deaf children]. PMID- 7209169 TI - [Rehabilitation of aphasic patients]. PMID- 7209170 TI - Slow and late evoked auditory responses: validity and significance on the basis of personal experience (2 182 cases). PMID- 7209171 TI - [Impedance audiometry is not always without risk]. PMID- 7209172 TI - [Solacy: its place in the treatment of refractory and recurrent diseases of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 7209173 TI - [Campylobacter fetus intestinalis: 1st isolation associated with ovine epizootic abortion in Mexico]. PMID- 7209174 TI - The colicinogenic Col 1b factor interferes with synthesis of class III proteins of bacteriophage T7. PMID- 7209175 TI - [Chemotaxis of Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum brasiliensis toward Gramineae root exudates. I. Corn, wheat and sorghum activity]. PMID- 7209176 TI - [Chemotaxis of Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum brasiliensis. II. Activity of the amino acids contained in Gramineae root exudates]. PMID- 7209177 TI - [Effect of urban compost on Brunizem soil]. PMID- 7209178 TI - [Protozoological analysis of 10 swimming pools in the Federal District and the state of Morelos, Mexico]. PMID- 7209179 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of hydralazine at rest and during exercise, in patients with congestive heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209181 TI - [Contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of atrial septal defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209180 TI - [Human infection by protozoa and helminths in two small towns of the province of Valdivia, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209182 TI - [Postoperative talcum powder granulomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209183 TI - [Intestinal microflora in non-specific proctocolitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209184 TI - [Echocardiographic assessment of heart valve diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209185 TI - [Endocrine aspects of breast cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209186 TI - [Mental health of the adult. I: Epidemiologic aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209187 TI - Drug research. PMID- 7209188 TI - [S.I. international units (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209189 TI - [Computed tomography of the adrenal glands (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209190 TI - [Prevention of wound infection in intestinal surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209191 TI - [The rescue emergency care service of the Free University of Brussels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209192 TI - [Depressive states in general medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209193 TI - [Prinzmetal's angina]. PMID- 7209194 TI - [Thyroid hemiagenesis or thyroiditis sequelae?]. PMID- 7209195 TI - [The advantage of isotopic renal angioscintigraphy using 99m Tc-DTPA in a case of acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7209196 TI - [What results can the physician expect in treating breast cancer patients in a university hospital?]. PMID- 7209197 TI - [Problems in genetics: Wilson's disease: clinical and familial diagnosis (apropos of case)]. PMID- 7209198 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of hereditary diseases and abnormalities: general introduction]. PMID- 7209199 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of genetic metabolic diseases]. PMID- 7209200 TI - [Early prenatal diagnosis in the framework of genetic counseling]. PMID- 7209201 TI - [Dyslexia: myth or reality?]. PMID- 7209202 TI - [Value of continuous Doppler ultrasonography in surgery of the cervico-encephalic arteries]. PMID- 7209203 TI - [Estracyt, new therapeutic agent for cancer of the prostate]. PMID- 7209204 TI - [Complete vaccination program in the school environment]. PMID- 7209205 TI - [New functional exploration of the nervous system: evoked potentials and their clinical interest]. PMID- 7209206 TI - [Short loss of consciousness]. PMID- 7209207 TI - [Systematic approach to the treatment of hereditary hyperlipidemias]. PMID- 7209208 TI - [Role of the attending physician in the surveillance of colostomized patients]. PMID- 7209209 TI - [Breast reconstruction after cancer treatment]. PMID- 7209210 TI - [Deafness: general aspects]. PMID- 7209211 TI - [Diagnosis of deafness in the general practitioner's office]. PMID- 7209212 TI - [Etiological diagnosis of transmission deafness]. PMID- 7209214 TI - [Apropos of curbing expenses and the mission of hospitals]. PMID- 7209213 TI - [Perceptual deafness]. PMID- 7209215 TI - [Examinations for preoperative evaluation of patients]. PMID- 7209216 TI - [Operative indications in chronic arteriopathies]. PMID- 7209217 TI - [Surgical verification of cholelithiasis, diagnosed previously by ultrasonography]. PMID- 7209218 TI - [Effect of Nissen's fundoplication on the symptomatology of gastroesophageal reflux]. PMID- 7209219 TI - [Benign lesions simulating breast cancer]. PMID- 7209220 TI - [Rare complication of barotrauma of the ear]. PMID- 7209221 TI - [Rhythm and conduction disorders in ambulatory practice: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 7209222 TI - [Remarks on the diagnosis of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7209223 TI - [The anti-mullerian hormone in physiology and in human clinical studies]. PMID- 7209224 TI - [Preoperative neoplasm staging of bronchial cancer]. PMID- 7209225 TI - [A very odd jaundice: clinical dialogue in the manner of Maurice Roch]. PMID- 7209226 TI - [St. Gothard's anemia]. PMID- 7209227 TI - [Introduction to the differential diagnosis of "acute abdomen" in adults and the aged]. PMID- 7209228 TI - [Development of aphasia]. PMID- 7209230 TI - [Problems raised by the rehabilitation of aphasics]. PMID- 7209229 TI - [Physiology of the aphasias]. PMID- 7209231 TI - [Conflict between prosody and syntax in restrained speech (author's transl)]. AB - A method is described for provoking conflict between prosody and syntax in orally enounced phrases. The results obtained in a group of normal subjects show that there is restructuring of syntax organization in a phrase heard with abnormal intonation. PMID- 7209232 TI - [The role of the right hemisphere in reading (author's transl)]. AB - Two tests were applied to demonstrate the specific role of the right hemisphere during reading of highly emotionally-charged words; recognition of words presented simultaneously to the tachistoscope in each visual half-field of normal subjects, and reading aloud by aphasic patients. The comparison of the results obtained in the two tests suggests that the right hemisphere plays a major functional role in aphasic subjects. PMID- 7209233 TI - [Kinesthetic aphasia associated with a pseudothalamic syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Kinesthetic aphasia, as described by Luria, was evoked in a case of aphasia associated with a "pseudothalamic syndrome" of partial superficial Sylvian infarction. A neurolinguistic study of oral utterances enabled qualitative and quantitative analysis of the errors: the disorder is characterized by the high incidence of articulation substitutions. A comparative study differentiated such disorders of oral expression from other aphasic disorders of expression (arthric disorders and phonemic jargon). Kinesthetic aphasia is distinguished by this clinical specificity and by the site of the lesion in the anterior parietal region of the dominant hemisphere. PMID- 7209234 TI - [Echolalic repetition and severe comprehension disorders. Left hemisphere deactivation syndrome? (author's transl)]. AB - An aphasic patient presented with suppression of spontaneous speech, correct repetition, and disturbed comprehension and denomination. The association of a lesion on CT scanning affecting the deep regions of the left hemisphere, and extinction of the right ear to dichotic audition, leads to a discussion of the role of the right hemisphere in remaining psycholinguistic capabilities. PMID- 7209236 TI - [Recognition of conventional and emotional facial expressions in patients with cortical lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Recognition of facial expressions was studied in a group of patients with cortical lesions. The test which was used consists in designating 30 expressions upon verbal command. Fifteen items had an emotional characteristic, and fifteen had a conventional characteristic (with an intentional communicative aspect). Results showed that right hemisphere patients had a elective deficit for emotional expressions. Left hemisphere patients had a elective deficit for conventional expressions. Analysis of correlations with associated clinical deficits showed further, that the deficit was associated, in right hemisphere patients, with lesions giving rise to Unilateral Spatial Agnosia. In left hemisphere patients it was associated with posterior lesions outside of the language area. PMID- 7209235 TI - [Possible effects of drawing on the language and re-education of an aphasic patient (author's transl)]. AB - Various studies have demonstrated that the ability to draw may be unaffected in motor aphasia, and even in some cases of sensory aphasia when there is no associated constructive apraxia. An artist, who was both a satirist and a caricaturist, was followed up for three years during re-educational therapy following the onset of an overall aphasia, and this raises the problem of the possible effects of drawing on recuperation of language, and the role of the right hemisphere in this recuperation. The question arises as to whether drawing should be restricted to certain particular cases during re-education or be employed in a more general manner? PMID- 7209237 TI - [Visual agnosia without right hemianopia in a right-handed patient (author's transl)]. AB - A right-handed 77-year-old man presented with a left homonymous lateral hemianopsia involving the macula. Consciousness, memory, and oral language were normal, but the patient experienced great difficulties in identifying objects and images by sight, even though he recognized their geometrical shapes. He also had prosopagnosia, and alexia without agraphia but no agnosia for colours. The patient died suddenly 6 weeks after the onset of the disorders. Pathological examination demonstrated the presence of a bilateral occipital infarct involving on the right, the inferior border of the calcarine fissure, and the lingual and fusiform gyri, and on the left the fusiform gyrus. This supports the role in man of the inferior occipitotemporal convolutions in the perceptual integration of visual informations, and suggests that this region of the cortex is analogous with the inferotemporal cortex of monkeys which has been shown to be a determinant for the elaboration of visual objects. PMID- 7209238 TI - [Acute spongiform leucoencephalopathy with selective intramyelinic involvement of U fibers associated with an ovarian carcinoma. Syndrome of disconnection of U fibers (author's transl)]. AB - Case report of clinical, pathological and ultrastructural features in an acute spongiform leucoencephalopathy with selective involvement of U fibers. A 52 years old woman exhibited an acute encephalopathy of 2 months duration, with dementia and multifocal impairment of cortical functions. The cerebral cortex was normal. This acute dementia resulted from a diffuse intercortical disconnection. Spongy degeneration was only found in U fibers. No other changes were noted especially in basal ganglia, optics tracts, and spinal cord. The white matter status spongious was related to an intramyelinic oedema. Such intramyelinic oedema is known only in Van Bogaert and Bertrand and Canavan disease, which is quite different, and in toxic encephalopathies, especially those induced by the hexachlorophene and triethyltin. In the present case no drugs or toxins were found. An ovarian carcinoma was found at post-mortem examination. PMID- 7209239 TI - [Cerebral venous thrombosis in Behcet's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Two patients with Behcet's disease and angiographically demonstrated cerebral venous thrombosis are described. Dural sinuses were involved in one patient and an internal cerebral vein in the other. Cerebral venous thrombosis was the first manifestation of the disease and occurred in the absence of other signs of "Neuro Behcet". The outcome was favorable. The unusualness of such localisations, their unknown mechanism, and difficulties in their diagnostic and treatment are emphasized. PMID- 7209240 TI - [Cortical blindness from Horton's disease (author's transl)]. AB - A 66 years old woman presented with occipital blindness during the course of a giant-cell arteritis. A favorable course obtained under treatment with corticoids. PMID- 7209241 TI - [Status epilepticus and multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - Status epilepticus was a complicating feature of the last bout before the fatal outcome in a patient with a 11 years history of multiple sclerosis. The fits were seen as clonic movements of the eyes in a lateral direction, lasting for 30 to 90 seconds and repeated every 5 minutes on average. Electroencephalographic recordings demonstrated periodic slow spikes on the right hemisphere, starting in the anterior region. Neuropathological data eliminated an associated pathological condition and suggested that the development of acute cortico-subcortical demyelinating lesions was responsible of the epilepsy. The type of electrical activity observed, localized to one hemisphere, is found with recent ischemic lesions, and less frequently in cases of cerebral tumor, necrotizing encephalitis, metabolic encephalopathies or post traumatic disorders. A case with similar clinical and electroencephalographic features in a patient with multiple sclerosis has been reported in the literature. PMID- 7209242 TI - [Radioimmunofixation: a new technic for characterizing immunoglobulins in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid. Preliminary results]. AB - The restriction of heterogenicity of immunoglobulins G (IgG), or oligoclonal distribution, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be observed after electrophoresis or electrofocalization, the IgG nature of each oligoclonal band being confirmed by subsequent immuno-electrophoresis. Using immunofixation, the oligoclonal bands can be visualized and characterized simultaneously, but requires previous concentration of the CSF, which is a source of error. The technique of radioimmunofixation, here described, allows the study of IgG with 20 microliters of non-concentrated CSF. It demonstrates that the oligoclonal characteristic is present in normal CSF and is a more quantitative than qualitative feature. Preliminary results show that the method can be applied to the study of all CSF proteins. By using a viral antigen labelled with I-125, for example, it should be possible to reveal and visualize the antibody activity of each oligoclonal band and to determine whether the quantitative increase in an oligoclonal band corresponds to a definite antigenic stimulation. PMID- 7209243 TI - [Transitory paralysis of cranial nerves IX, X and XII as well as the left VII after angiography. Contribution to the ischemic pathology of the cranial nerves]. AB - The authors report the case of a 28 year old woman who presented, after cerebral angiography performed for a transient hemispheric ischemic attack, a regressive paralysis of the IXth, Xth and XIIth as well as the VIIth left cranial nerves. The involvement of these nerves and the sparing of the XIth is explained by the normal disposition of their arterial supply. Such paralysis has previously been encountered after therapeutic angiography. This case is compared to similar ones involving paralysis of the lower cranial nerves in general disease such as diabetes or apparently idiopathic as reported by Edin et al (1976). This study should be seen in a context which also includes preceding ones performed by two of the authors: A. Annabi, P.L. and J.L. (1978) concerning the IIIrd, and J.L., I. Fernandez Manchola and P.L. (1980) concerning the VIIth and Vth cranial nerves. These observations demonstrate the existence of a vascular territorial pathology in cranial nerves involvement. PMID- 7209244 TI - [Quadriplegia and sensory disorders of the upper limbs resulting from bilateral anterior infarction of the medulla oblongata: a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A case of facial quadriplegia of sudden onset in a 73 year old man is reported. Proprioceptive sensory disorders involved only the upper limbs. This suggested a medial infarction of the medulla the precise situation of which is discussed. PMID- 7209245 TI - [Value and limitations of complementary studies in the sequelae of head injuries without any clinical symptoms. Introduction]. PMID- 7209246 TI - [Value and limitations of complementary studies in the sequelae of head injuries without any clinical symptoms. The neurologist's viewpoint]. PMID- 7209248 TI - [The ophthalmologist's viewpoint. Oculogyric disturbances in head injury patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209247 TI - [Value and limitations of complementary studies in the sequelae of head injuries without any clinical symptoms. The otorhinolaryngologist's viewpoint]. PMID- 7209249 TI - [The psychiatrist's viewpoint. Subjective post-head injury syndrome]. PMID- 7209251 TI - [A case of syphilitic meningo-encephalitis in the primary/secondary phase, with deafness and ocular disturbances (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209250 TI - [Parameters indicative of the course of post-head injury syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209252 TI - [Orbital arteriovenous aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209253 TI - [Circumduction nystagmus. 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209254 TI - [Occipital dermic fistula associated with a dermoid cyst of the posterior fossa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209255 TI - [Isolated sensory neuropathy of the trigeminal and Sjogren's syndrome: scleroderma?]. PMID- 7209256 TI - [Radical mastectomy in breast carcinoma. Analysis of 233 patients with a 5-year follow-up]. PMID- 7209257 TI - [Association of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity with hematologic parameters and X chromatin in normal newborn infants]. PMID- 7209258 TI - [Mortality in partial gastrectomy]. PMID- 7209259 TI - [Critical study of the surgical treatment of subphrenic abscess]. PMID- 7209261 TI - [Chordoma: study of 245 cases verified at the Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori de Milano (Italy)]. PMID- 7209260 TI - [Esophagoscopy with rigid tubes in cancer of the esophagus]. PMID- 7209262 TI - [Duodenal carcinoid: current concept and report of 2 cases]. PMID- 7209263 TI - [Immediate reconstruction after vulvectomy]. PMID- 7209264 TI - [Effect of different doses of 1-isopropylamine-3-(1-naphthyloxy-2-propanol on total lipids of maternal plasma and hepatocytes of pregnant rats and their offspring subjected to acute stress induced by formaldehyde: histological, histochemical and biochemical study]. PMID- 7209265 TI - [Oxalic acid and urinary lithiasis: a study]. PMID- 7209266 TI - [Effect of hypocaloric diets in Gilbert's syndrome: standardization of the caloric restriction test]. PMID- 7209267 TI - [Diagnostic accuracy in esophagogastroduodenoscopy]. PMID- 7209268 TI - [Dilated choledochus: a dilemma for the surgeon]. PMID- 7209269 TI - [Cystic lymphangioma of the mesentery as the cause of jejunal obstruction in a newborn infant]. PMID- 7209270 TI - [Heat-stable alkaline phosphatase and total alkaline phosphatase in a group of normal pregnant women]. PMID- 7209272 TI - [Clean water. What are the Kempische Steenkoolmijnen doing for this?]. AB - Social obligations about the environment have always been a point of major concern at the N.V. Kempense Steenkoolenmijnen; so the company could not ignore environmental standards and existing regulations. This paper focusses attention on the importance of clean water for human health and civilization. Natural water occurs as rainwater, groundwater, surface water and seawater. Waterpollution, its measurement and the possible sources of this pollution are briefly discussed. Attention is also paid to existing regulations which implicate the introduction of discharge conditions. The N.V. Kempense Steenkoolenmijnen can't deny being a polluter. The company produces five types of wastewater, which are discharged into several surface waters. This is a specific contamination containing salts and coal particles. Flow rates are high but variable. To fight this pollution the N.V. Kempense Steenkoolenmijnen has worked out an investment program for each of its five collieries. The treatment of wastewater at a settling basin of the Zolder-colliery is described as an example. PMID- 7209273 TI - [Epidemiology, medical and technical prevention of coal worker's pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 7209271 TI - [Correlation of sperm count and hormone levels in oligospermia]. PMID- 7209274 TI - [Dust control in the Belgian coal mines. Status at the start of the year 1980]. AB - The present communication gives a general view of the methods of dust control in the Belgian coal mines at the beginning of 1980. The statistical data received from the mines are presented in tabular form. The length and the output of coal faces treated by the classical methods of pre-spraying of the wall, wet cutting and water infusion are given separately; in some cases two or more of these technics are used together on the same coal face. The number of stone drivages in which different methods of dust control are used, is also given. PMID- 7209275 TI - [Kala-azar in the Rio Doce, Minas Gerais area. Results of prophylactic measures]. PMID- 7209276 TI - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis and insecticides in Peru. Reactivation of uta in the last few years]. PMID- 7209277 TI - [Paracoccidioidomycosis of the esophagus. Report of a case]. PMID- 7209279 TI - [Paracoccidioidomycosis of the central nervous system. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7209278 TI - [Leptospirosis in Amazonas State. Serological survey]. PMID- 7209280 TI - Gray scale ultrasonography and transhepatic cholangiography in evaluation of obstructive jaundice: a comparative study. AB - A total of forty-four jaundiced patients were studied by one or both diagnostic modalities (Gray Scale Ultrasonography or Transhepatic Cholangiography--THC--). The thin needle transhepatic cholangiography permitted in vivo correlation of the ultrasonographic findings. Patients with obstruction were confirmed by surgery. Many of the non-obstructive cases underwent liver biopsy. The accuracy of Gray Scale Ultrasonography in differentiation of surgical from medical jaundice dependent on the serum bilirubin level at the time of the examination. For serum bilirubin levels of seven or more milligrams percent, the accuracy was almost one hundred percent. For serum bibiribuin levels of less than seven milligrams percent, the accuracy was approximately eighty-three percent. THC using the thin needle is the ultimate diagnostic procedure and complements the ultrasound information, especially in cases with minimal to moderate icterus. A proposed flow chart for evaluation of the jaundiced patient is presented. The ability to determine the presence of obstruction by demonstrating dilated bile ducts at different levels of serum bilirubin with Gray Scale Ultrasonography was evaluated. Percutaneous TCH using the thin needle (Chiba Needle) made possible the in-vivo correlation of many of the ultrasound findings, as well as the demonstration of surgical jaundice in patients with normal sized bile ducts. PMID- 7209281 TI - [Thyroid lymphography correlation with gammagraphy and an anatomopathological study of 20 cases]. AB - The technique for thyroid lymphangiography and clinical use is described. Indications and the findings in 20 cases studied with this method and the correlation with thyroid scan as well as histological findings are present. This technique has a very low morbidity and shows a correlation of 70% with the surgical findings as opposed to 40% for the thyroid scan. The findings of the authors are also discussed and a review of the literature is made. PMID- 7209282 TI - Dosimetry disparities resulting from two accepted methods of calibration of cobalt-60 teletherapy machines. AB - The primary concern of all involved in the management of radiotherapeutic patients is that the tumor dose delivered to each and every patient in one institution is identical to that delivered anywhere else. Despite the advocacy 1,2,3,4 for the calibration of high energy photon beams at 5 cm depth or beyond in a water phantom to reduce the effect of electron "contamination" from collimators, filters, applicators, etc., the "in-air" method of calibration is still in vogue in many institutions in the United States and elsewhere. The introduction of S.I. units in radiology is likely to create ambiguity in proper conversion factors from exposure to absorbed dose which can be avoided if field instruments are calibrated in terms of absorbed dose in water under specified conditions. The present study shows that the estimated error can be as much as 7% low when the "in-air" method of calibration is used instead of measurements in a large water phantom at 5 cm depth for cobalt-60 photon beams and hence recommends that the procedure for "in-air" calibration for high energy photon beam should be discontinued. PMID- 7209283 TI - Retrograde jejunogastric intussusception. AB - Retrograde jejunal intussusception (RJI) is an uncommon complication of gastric resection procedures that can be life threatening. Two cases of RJI are presented with discussion of the possible etiologies, manifestations, diagnosis and management of this complication. PMID- 7209284 TI - Computer controlled hyperthermia unit for cancer therapy. AB - Hyperthermia is the artificial elevation of tissue temperature above 41 degrees C with therapeutic intent. Most of the currently used hyperthermia units lack feedback temperature control mechanisms, and, therefore, are not optimal for clinical trials. To solve this problem, we have developed a control system based on a microcomputer. The computer measures the tumor and normal tissue temperature using fine thermocouple sensors and regulates the output of the microwave generator to achieve and maintain the prescribed tumor temperature under specified conditions. Safety procedures are incorporated to avoid heating the tumor or normal tissue beyond predetermined limits. PMID- 7209285 TI - Measurement of temperature in the arthritic hand. AB - Two simple and relatively inexpensive thermographic techniques have been studied as possible methods for quantifying change in inflammation, either spontaneous or drug induced, in the rheumatoid hand. Crystal thermography plates were found to be of no value. An infra-red medical thermometer provided reproducible results, providing full precautions were observed. The fall in temperature produced at individual joints by local steroid injection, whilst consistent, fell within the observed temperature variation of the untreated rheumatoid hand. PMID- 7209286 TI - Plantar fasciitis and Achilles tendinitis among 150 cases of seronegative spondarthritis. AB - A painful heel syndrome (plantar fasciitis and/or Achilles tendinitis) was found in 33 among 150 patients suffering from a seronegative spondarthritis. The clinical and radiological manifestations of this syndrome were similar in the nosological entities included in the seronegative spondarthritis group. HLA-B27 antigen was found in 91% of the patients, radiological sacroliitis in 64% and an asymmetric peripheral arthritis in all cases. By contrast, Achilles tendinitis was not encountered in 220 cases of rheumatoid arthritis; plantar fasciitis was exceptional in the same cases. PMID- 7209287 TI - Sagittal and horizontal plane movement of the human lumbar vertebral column in cadavers and in the living. AB - The ranges of sagittal and horizontal plane movements of the human lumbar vertebral column have been measured in 204 cadavers and 437 living subjects of both sexes. The cadaveric measurements were made on fresh specimens within 24-48 hours of death and compared with similar measurements from the living subjects. The data from the two sources correlate well and provide an estimate of the decline in the normal ranges of movements with increasing age, in both sexes. PMID- 7209288 TI - A prediction score for geriatric rehabilitation projects. AB - An Activities of Daily Living score was calculated for 61 patients admitted to a geriatric rehabilitation unit. The score provided good correlation with subsequent placement of these patients. Improvement within one month of admission was a good indication of probable discharge to a Residential Home for the Elderly or discharge to own home. PMID- 7209289 TI - A survey of personal aids supplied by post to arthritics. AB - A postal survey was mounted to investigate the use of the British Rheumatism and Arthritis Association's (B.R.A.A.) postal aids service. Of the 288 persons who ordered aids between B.R.A.A. and 446 from other sources. Many simple aids were valuable and well used; several had faults, which in many cases could easily have been rectified if the manufacturers been aware of them. Respondents appreciated the speedy provision of aids but many had problems which would have been better solved by attendance at an Aids Centre or Occupational Therapy Department. A quarter of the subjects were unaware that departments of social services provided aids. PMID- 7209290 TI - A comparison of efficiency of three types of crutches using oxygen consumption. AB - Because the axillary crutch can cause axillary artery thrombosis and crutch palsy, the elbow crutch is more frequently used. Canadian crutches combine features of both the axilla and elbow crutches. A previous study examined any advantages in terms of energy cost using heart rate. The present study re evaluates the energy cost by using the measurement of oxygen consumption. The study further suggests that the Canadian crutches have advantages in terms of energy cost. PMID- 7209291 TI - Recovery of recent ankle sprains: a comparison between the value of the Movelat and its base cream. PMID- 7209292 TI - Ibuprofen induced hyponatraemia. AB - A 55-year-old woman in an advanced stage of chronic renal failure due to pyelonephritis developed severe hyponatraemia after receiving 400 mg/day of ibuprofen for 3 days. The typical symptoms and the hyponatraemia disappeared when the drug was withdrawn. The likely mechanism involved and the clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 7209293 TI - The expanding spectrum of clinical and laboratory features of IgE myeloma. (Report of a case and review of the literature). AB - A new case of IgE myeloma is described. Patient G.M., a 60-year-old woman, complained with a 3-months' history of generalized bone pain, weight loss, profound weakness and severe anemia. A bone survey revealed multiple lytic lesions, and a heavy replacement by plasma cells was disclosed in the bone marrow examination of a sternal sample. In addition, an IgE serum M-component and gamma type Bence Jones proteinuria were identified by immunochemical studies. The disease course was rapid, death occurring within 6 months of clinical onset. A molecular weight of 188,500 daltons was calculated for the purified protein G.M., whereas the molecular weights of its subunits were found to be 72,000 for the epsilon chains and 43,000 for the gamma chain dimers. This case is compared with 15 reported cases of IgE monoclonal gammapathy, an expanding clinical and laboratory spectrum emerging from the review of the literature. PMID- 7209294 TI - Rheumatoid lung disease. (A clinical, physiological and histological study in 33 patients). AB - Clinical, physiological and histological investigations on lung involvement are reported in 33 rheumatoid patients. The clinico-pathological patterns of rheumatoid lung disease observed in 19/27 non-smoking female patients were characterized radiologically by diffuse interstitial opacities, functionally by V/Q inequality and microscopically by peribronchiolar and/or alveolar fibrosis. Emphasis is placed on the ventilation/perfusion relationship as well as histopathological studies for a more accurate diagnosis of lung disease in RA. Patients with pulmonary nodules and pleural opacities were also observed. A possible immunological aetiology is suggested on the basis of the simultaneous finding of IgG, complement and fibrinogen in the pulmonary tissue. PMID- 7209295 TI - Serum concentrations of myoglobin, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and cardiac isoenzymes in euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid subjects. AB - Serum concentrations of myoglobin, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured in 33 euthyroid, 21 hyperthyroid and 15 hypothyroid subjects. The results showed that myoglobin, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased and decreased in the hypo- and hyperthyroid states, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of myoglobin, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase values were inversely related to both the thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations. To study the origin of the increased muscle protein values observed in hypothyroidism, the cardiac isoenzyme fractions were measured; the results obtained support the view that the muscle enzymes are mainly derived from skeletal muscles. PMID- 7209296 TI - Nasal mucoliliary clearance in patients with septal deviation. AB - We studied nasal mucociliary clearance by means of the saccharin-sky-blue technique in patients with septal deformities of the nose before and after plastic operation. The results were compared with clearance measurements in healthy persons. Prior to operation nasal clearance was statistically significantly slower (p less than 0.05) in the patient group, and mucociliostasis occurred in 21% of all measurements compared with only 3% in the group of healthy persons. 3 months after septoplasty nasal clearance was found normal in all but 3 persons who had an active nasal infection at the time of postoperative investigation. In our opinion the saccharin-sky-blue test serves as a valuable technique in the evaluation of nasal mucociliary function prior and subsequent to operation of patients with septal deformities of the nose. PMID- 7209297 TI - The ultrastructural characteristics of the capillary walls in human nasal mucosa. PMID- 7209298 TI - The use of a mathematical model in rhinomanometry. AB - The authors consider the mathematical model proposed by the Swedish Group (Broms et al.). This model permits the pressure gradient-flow recording as obtained from anterior or posterior rhinomanometry to be converted into a mathematical formula. The model was tested for its mathematical, statistical, and clinical utility with 32 normal test subjects. It is the conviction of the authors, although not totally without reservation, that this is the best mathematical model in existence. PMID- 7209299 TI - Neurilemmoma of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 7209300 TI - [Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis--report of two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Report on pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in a Persian child and in a Turkish woman. The typical roentgen manifestations and diagnostic errors are discussed. PMID- 7209301 TI - [Computer tomographic findings in vascular malformations of the cerebral arteries (author's transl)]. AB - Basing on a retrospective study of the CT scan findings in vascular malformations of the cerebral arteries, compared with the angiographic findings, the article shows the diagnostic possibilities offered by computed tomography in subarachnoid haemorrhages. Localization of an aneurysm via computed tomography depends on the size of the aneurysm. Proof of an intracerebral haemorrhage is definitely a pointer towards lateral localization of the vascular malformation. This means that in severely ill patients, panangiography need not be effected for the purpose of diagnosis. Attention is drawn to the pathological emergence of the contrast medium after intravenous administration in subarachnoid haemorrhages. The authors considers this a sign of a disturbance of the blood-brain barrier, although the pathogenetic mechanism remains unknown. Computed tomography is a valuable complement to angiography in subarachnoidal haemorrhage. However, it is pointed out by means of a few examples that it may well be that an accurate diagnosis can be arrived at only via biopsy, i.e. by the histological approach only. PMID- 7209302 TI - [Fundamental facts on dosimetry in the assessment of radioexposure and risk of such exposure in children (author's transl)]. AB - Various methods for determining exposure to radiation are critically reviewed on the basis of 358 x-ray examinations of children (218 cardiac catheters with angiocardiography, 39 gastrointestinal examinations, 101 urological examinations). It is shown that the surface dose is an insufficient parameter for the actual exposure of the child to radiation. Estimates of the radiation risk based thereon are misleading. Even the determination of the area dose product and the integral dose alone will not allow any valid comparison of the exposure in different age groups. The important factor for an accurate determination of the somatic radiation risk is the ratio of integral dose to the body mass (mean body dose), since this is the only factor which is independent of body variables, i.e. only this figure will yield the relation of radiation risks in different age groups. Independent of the examination methods, a higher radiation risk must be assumed in infants than in older children or adults. These relationships are demonstrated on the basis of the author's own measurements and calculations. PMID- 7209303 TI - [Treatment results in radio-iodine therapy of the autonomous adenoma of the thyroid gland (author's transl)]. AB - In order to control the results of radio-iodine therapy, the autonomous adenomas treated in our clinic from 1961 to 1975 with radioactive iodine on 105 patients have been subjected to follow-up examinations and compared with the results obtained by other authors, especially Swoboda et al. (23), who treated 185 patients with corresponding follow-ups. In both groups, efforts were aimed at achieving successful treatment via high single-dose radio-iodine therapy. The article discusses the indication, method, results and posttherapeutic care involved. Both the examined groups demonstrate good treatment results (in 95 or 98%, respectively, of our cases and of the cases treated by Swoboda et al., the autonomous adenoma was eliminated). This proves that high single-dose therapy with radioactive iodine (I131) is a successful method of treating an autonomous adenoma, thus representing a therapeutic alternative to surgery. PMID- 7209304 TI - [Tricuspid valve endocarditis with pulmonary infarction caused by central venous catheter (author's transl)]. AB - Knowledge of common complications of central venous catheters is completed by a case of bacterial tricuspid endocarditis with recurrent pulmonary infarction. This rare, life threatening complication should be considered in differential diagnosis, when in case of central venous catheter sepsis, changing pulmonary infiltrations with pleural effusion as well as different auscultatory findings above the tricuspid valve do occur. The diagnosis can be supported by echocardiographic demonstration of tricuspid vegetations. PMID- 7209305 TI - [Osseous lesions in the elbow region in adolescents and adults (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of roentgenographs of injured elbows must go beyond the identification or exclusion of a line indicating a fracture, especially in children and adolescents. Decisive diagnostic pointers can be supplied by the displacement of fatty bodies, which is a very sensitive indicator of an intra-articular growth, as our postmortem examinations have shown. A systematic search for disturbances of relative positionings (which are defined e.g. by the radius-capitulum axis or the ventral longitudinal humerus axis) and consideration of the sequence in time of the appearance of ossification centres in elbows of children, will prevent gross mistakes in the assessment of the pathological situation. PMID- 7209306 TI - [Serial angiofluorography in the operation theater]. AB - Using a 33 cm or 36 cm image amplifier in conjunction with a 100 mm camera, fluoroangiography can be employed as a routine method in theatre too. Serial photography can also be taken in conjunction with an electronic programmes selector while saving film and keeping the dosage as low as possible. PMID- 7209307 TI - [Irreality of the tangential effect (author's transl)]. AB - The article critically examines the available literature on the tangential effect. It is stated in literature that an interface is clearly outlined if the x ray beam touches it briefly tangentially during tomography; it follows that the more angles of incidence occur, and hence the more complex the course of the focal pathway is, the more details are shown. Since none of these criteria applies, it is concluded that in fact a tangential effect does not exist. PMID- 7209308 TI - [Special fractures of the capitulum humeri (author's transl)]. AB - Whenever radiographs in the elbow region do not present a clear picture, the physician should consider the possibility of a lesion of the capitulum humeri, despite the fact that this is rather rare. In such cases, the anteroposterior radiographs of the elbow may not present any abnormal findings. In most cases, crescent-shaped or elliptic bone chips in the bend of the elbow or dorsally in the interarticular space of the elbow joint will lead to the proper diagnosis. Classification into groups according to Hahn-Steinthal, Kocher-Lorenz and Krosl can lead to errors if employed too rigidly. In our opinion, lateral tomography of the elbow should always be performed whenever there is any suspicion of a lesion of the capitulum humeri. This will definitely clarify the origin and nature of the fragment, which may be of importance for the selection of the surgical approach and the type of surgical treatment chosen. PMID- 7209309 TI - [Results of sialography (author's transl)]. AB - A randomly selected group of patients which had been subjected to sialography during 1975/76, was analysed retrospectively. In a total of 386 patients, 395 contrast radiographs had been performed; of these, 243 sialographs were evaluated retrospectively, the definite diagnosis having been established by surgery, biopsy or clinical course of the disease. The accuracy of diagnosis was 95% when employing diagnosis by exclusion (sialographic diagnosis having yielded "normal findings"), the correct diagnosis being the presence of concrements and inflammatory diseases of the salivary gland. However, the rate of error amounting to 5% must be considered a cause for concern insofar as of the total of 8 wrong diagnoses (against a total of 154 correct diagnoses), 7 patients had tumours which had not been recognized, four of these tumours being of a malignant nature. The presence of a space-occupying process was diagnosed with an accuracy of 88%. Space-requiring growths, provided they were properly diagnosed, were correctly localised in 83% of the cases. Statements on the degree of malignancy of a tumour -which were made in about one-third of the tumour diagnoses only--were found to be correct in 83% of the cases. False positive findings were obtained in 12% of the patients. PMID- 7209310 TI - [Sports injuries of the cervical spine (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on injuries of the cervical spine occurring during sports activities. An attempt is made to reconstruct the movements which led to the cervical spine injuries in question. In two cases of accidents occurring during bathing, one football accident and a toboggan accident, the injuries concerned point to hyperextension of the cervical spine as cause of the injury. In another football accident and a riding accident, the changes observed allow us to conclude that the movement leading to the injury must have been a hyperflexion. One accident occurring while jumping on the trampoline resulted in an injury of the upper cervical spine pointing to the action of a compressive force on the cervical spine in addition to the force resulting in hyperflexion. PMID- 7209312 TI - [Myelography conducted on an outpatient basis (author's transl)]. AB - The introduction of the non-ionogenic product metrizamide made lumbosacral myelography a low-risk, invasive diagnostic procedure. Examination carried out on an outpatient basis does not involve greater risks or side effects than examination on an inpatient basis. However, it is essential that--apart from informing the patient properly--the patient shows discipline and remains available for the examining physician during a period of 36 hours. PMID- 7209311 TI - [Pneumocephalus as sign of frontobasal skull fractures (author's transl)]. AB - Pneumocephalus occurs as a complication after frontobasal skull fractures and points to a pressure difference between the extracranial and the intracranial space. From 8 cases observed during a period of 10 years, four case histories demonstrate the diagnostic principles and the surgical consequences. The diagnostic value of tomography of the frontal base for gaining an accurate picture of the topographic situation, and for proper application of intradural duraplasty, is underlined and characterized as a reliable procedure. PMID- 7209313 TI - [Posttraumatic calcification of the epicondylus radialis humeri (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on the rare posttraumatic calcification of the epicondylus radialis humeri. The difficulties involved in radiologic differential diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 7209314 TI - [Computerized tomography of the facial skull]. AB - The use of computed tomography in scanning the visceral cranium, which has become possible thanks to new technological developments, enables the exploration of new avenues in the diagnosis of inflammatory and especially tumorous changes in this region. On account of its fundamental advantages such as measurement of density, accurate determination of size, and visualization of the axial plane, this method is superior to the conventional methods known so far. In 93 patients examined in this manner, it was possible to determine the accurate topography, size and environment of the tumor. The advantages over the conventional standardized method of measurement were determined accurately in 40 patients. Hence, computed tomography enables not only to select the kind of therapeutic procedure to be followed, but also to follow up each case in a simple manner. On account of the rapid and highly accurate diagnosis without burdening the patient it is quite justified to resort to the exclusive use of this method in examining the visceral cranium. PMID- 7209315 TI - [Industrial medicine in France: general organization]. PMID- 7209316 TI - [The physician's role in industry]. PMID- 7209317 TI - [Responsibility and secrecy in industrial medicine]. PMID- 7209318 TI - [The independence of specific acts of the industrial physician]. PMID- 7209319 TI - [Liasons of the physician with agencies outside of industry]. PMID- 7209320 TI - [Gaps and inadequacies in industrial medicine in France]. PMID- 7209321 TI - [Industrial medicine in the 9 nations of the European Economic Community]. PMID- 7209322 TI - [Relations between the physician in industrial medicine and the attending physician]. PMID- 7209323 TI - [Malate: interesting metabolic exchange between mitochondria and cytoplasm]. PMID- 7209324 TI - [Non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis, an unrecognized disease]. PMID- 7209325 TI - [Severe infectious purpura]. PMID- 7209326 TI - [Acute pulmonary edema after inhalation of gastric fluid]. PMID- 7209327 TI - [A little-known alcoholic emergency: shoshin beriberi]. PMID- 7209329 TI - [Plant proteins in human nutrition]. PMID- 7209328 TI - [Intensive care in severe acute meningitis and meningo-encephalitis]. PMID- 7209330 TI - [Indications and technics for definitive artificial anus]. PMID- 7209331 TI - [Temporary enterostomies of adults]. PMID- 7209332 TI - [Intestinal transit and artificial anus]. PMID- 7209333 TI - [Complications of ileostomies and colostomies]. PMID- 7209334 TI - [Fitting, local care and rehabilitation after colostomy and ileostomy]. PMID- 7209335 TI - [Artificial anus in children]. PMID- 7209336 TI - [Associations of stomy patients]. PMID- 7209337 TI - [Essential pes cavus]. PMID- 7209338 TI - [Hallux valgus. Hallux rigidus]. PMID- 7209339 TI - [Deformation of the small toes]. PMID- 7209340 TI - [Considerations on static metatarsal pain]. PMID- 7209341 TI - [Morton's neuroma and the tarsal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 7209342 TI - [Ungual pathology]. PMID- 7209343 TI - [Essential flatfoot]. PMID- 7209344 TI - [Platelet-vessel interactions]. PMID- 7209345 TI - [Procedure and examinations when confronted with a patient presenting with a hemorrhagic syndrome of platelet origin]. PMID- 7209346 TI - [Constitutional and acquired thrombopathies]. PMID- 7209347 TI - [Thrombocytosis and thrombocythemias]. PMID- 7209348 TI - [Platelet antiaggregating agents]. PMID- 7209349 TI - [Platelet transfusion]. PMID- 7209351 TI - [Severe polyarthritis is a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 7209350 TI - [Chronic atrophic polychondritis. Report of three cases, with ultrastructural study by electron microscopy]. AB - The authors report 3 cases of chronic atrophic polychondritis with clinical signs characteristic of the disease. The 3 patients had deafness of perceptive type, very severe in one case. In one case, the relationship between inflammatory rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis is discussed. The 3 cases include a pathological study under the electron microscope of the cartilage of the ear. Certain ultrastructural peculiarities observed (dense perichondrocyte granules) are compared with the data in the literature. PMID- 7209352 TI - [Digital ulcerations during a carpal tunnel syndrome with Raynaud's syndrome]. PMID- 7209353 TI - [Intra-osseous desmoid fibroma with costal localization]. PMID- 7209354 TI - [Multiple bony fissures during treatment of osteoporosis with sodium fluoride]. PMID- 7209355 TI - Endocrinogonadic implications in male uro-genital tuberculosis. AB - Unlike females, the endocrine gonadic syndrome in males usually accompanies the disorders of the excreting apparatus. Interpretation of the lesions as uro genital tuberculosis has been commonly accepted in practice. Researches carried out in males, much fewer than in females, have showed a number of particular aspects of the syndrome. This paper makes a brief survey of these aspects based on updated references. PMID- 7209356 TI - [Thymosterine B stimulation of serum antibodies in rats inoculated with Salmonella typhi TH vaccine]. PMID- 7209357 TI - The mutagenic effect of carbimazol and methylthiouracil detected by the transplacentar micronucleus test. AB - The mutagenic effect of carbimazol and methylthiouracil on mice fetal blood in the 15th and 16th day of intrauterine life, as compared to the effect on maternal bone marrow and control animals, was studied using the micronucleus test. The incidence of micronucleated cells was significantly higher in the fetal blood than in the maternal bone marrow. The finding demonstrates that the method of transplacentar mutagenesis is a reliable test for estimating the mutagenic risk of such drugs as carbimazol and methylthiouracil in current therapeutical use. PMID- 7209358 TI - Researches on neuro-muscular functional parameters in experimentally hyperthyroidized rats and in human hyperthyroidism. AB - The authors have determined the neuro-muscular functional parameters of conductibility and excitability in normal and hyperthyroidized rats. The determination of hyperthyroidization and of the neuro-muscular functional parameters was accomplished by utilizing an own experimental model. The data obtained in rats were compared with those established by authors in normals and in patients suffering from hyperthyroidism. It resulted clearly that in rats hyperthyroidization disturbs particularly the conductibility of motor fibres while in man hyperthyroidism modified especially the excitability of motor fibres. PMID- 7209359 TI - The female gonadic syndrome in bacillary endocrine diseases. AB - The paper reports on the endocrine-gynecologic syndrome of genital tuberculosis in the woman. The localization of the disease has a much higher incidence than it is currently believed by gynecologic and endocrinologic practitioners. The casuistry and pathogenic data exposed herein are aimed at reminding this situation. A selective list of references comes in support of authors' observations. PMID- 7209360 TI - Additional antitumoral effects of bromocriptine and radiotherapy in patients with prolactinomas or acromegaly. AB - Thirteen patients with prolactin-secreting and/or growth hormone secreting pituitary tumours have been treated with bromocriptine in doses of about 10 mg/day for several months. Nine of these patients were previously submitted to external or interstitial radiotherapy and one case to pituitary microsurgery. Serum prolactin concentration in patients with prolactinomas was still very high within one year after pituitary irradiation or operation, i.e. 5,125.6 +/- 974 mU/l (mean +/- SEM). It has been reduced to normal level only during bromocriptine therapy, i.e. to 329.1 +/- 88mU/l (p less than 0.001), and increased thereafter, but remained to a significantly lower concentration than before bromocriptine treatment, i.e. 2,709.0 +/- 553 mU/l (p less than 0.05). Serial pneumonecephalotomography has demonstrated the reduction of tumour size afrer bromcriptine therapy to two prolactinomas with suprasellar extension. In patients with acromegaly the effects of bromocriptine were less evident. The antitumoral effects of bromocriptine on prolactin-secreting adenomas is independent and additional to the effects of pituitary radiotherapy or microsurgery, and has therapeuticical implications. PMID- 7209362 TI - [Special traits of the structure of the Achilles tendon in humans during development (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209361 TI - The thyroid and the cardio-vascular system. Major physiopathologic aspects with clinical and therapeutic implications. PMID- 7209363 TI - [Effect of repeated fasting and hypoxia on the activity of mitochondria of the CNS and liver in rats of different age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209364 TI - [Vitamin C plasma and leucocyte levels in patients admitted to the Third Medical Clinic, Faculty of General Medicine, Charles University, Prague, at the beginning of spring 1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209365 TI - [Somatosensory evoked potential in the hypnotic state and in hypnotic analgesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209366 TI - [Oral protozoa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209367 TI - [Electron Microscopy of epitheloid and multinuclear giant cells in sarcoid granuloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209368 TI - Some effects of the stimulus repetition rate on N1 and N2 in transtympanic and surface recordings. AB - The early auditory evoked electrical activity has been recorded in man at the promontory (transtympanic approach) and on the scalp vertex-mastoid derivation), in response to clicks delivered at different rates. Latency and amplitude of the first two peaks (N1 and N2), as a function of the repetition rate, have been measured and compared. The differences between the latencies of transtympanic and surface N1 are very small, at any rate, with a maximum value of 0.08 msec. In the transtympanic recording, the latency difference between N2 and N1 is constant throughout the whole range of rate values, from 3 to 100 clicks per second. In the surface responses, on the contrary, the latency difference between N2 and N1 tends to increase as the rate is increased. The amplitude of the transtympanic N2 is consistently reduced at click rates above 20-50 per second (more markedly than the amplitude of N1), while the amplitude of the surface N2 is much more insensitive to the rate increase. Some implications of these results are discussed with respect to the origin of N2 in the two recording conditions. PMID- 7209369 TI - The effects of impulsive noise upon human hearing sensitivity (8 to 20 kHz). AB - The effects of impulsive noise exposure upon hearing sensitivity from 8000 to 20000 Hz were determined for a sample of 23 young military veterans. The subjects' histories consisted primarily of major incidents of weapons fire. Based on audiometric configuration, the subject sample was divided in two groups characterized by predominantly unilateral or bilateral shifts in threshold sensitivity. This division was consistent with history information. The main finding was extensive threshold shifts from 8000 to 20000 Hz which was highly individual-specific and unpredictable. High frequency audiometry frequently revealed extensive changes not evident in the 250 through 8000 Hz range. PMID- 7209370 TI - On the use of click-evoked electric brainstem responses in audiological diagnosis. III. Latencies in cochlear hearing loss. AB - The basis for the use of click-evoked BSER in neurotologic differential diagnosis would seem to be its sensitivity to retrocochlear but relative resistivity to cochlear lesions. The present study was performed in order to investigate the presumed robustness of BSER in cochlear hearing loss by recording BSER in 110 consecutive cochlear ears with click thresholds not in excess of 60 dB HL. There were eleven ears with rising, twenty-two ears with flat, and 77 ears with sloping audiograms. Click intensities were 80 dB HL and 60 dB SL, and the BSERs were observed for replicability and latencies of waves I, III and V, as well as for I V and III-V interpeak intervals. Wave V latency increments (relative to normal values) were related to hearing thresholds at 4 kHz. Wave V was identifiable in all of the ears at 80 dB HL and/or 60 dB SL, whereas waves I and III often failed to appear at 80 dB HL and occasionally at 60 dB SL. At 80 dB HL click level, the wave V latency increment was related to the 4 kHz hearing loss (statistically significant at level 0.05 in the HF loss group), increasing by approximately 0.1 ms for each 10 dB, starting at 30 dB HL. Increasing click intensity to 60 dB SL tended to bring waves I and III into appearance and to offset the V latency increase (even inverting it in highly recruiting flat loss ears). Interpeak intervals were not significantly affected by cochlear hearing loss. Unfiltered alternating clicks were used after two initial experiments had shown that nothing would be gained in this study from using filtered clicks or uniphase unfiltered clicks. PMID- 7209371 TI - Measurement of eustachian tube function using sonotubometry. AB - Sound transport through the Eustachian tube in normal ears has been recorded using sonotubometry (Virtanen, 1978). It was found that only 66% of the ears had sound transport through the tube when swallowing. Despite the fact that all ears had adequate aeration of the middle ear at the time of testing, 34% of the ears had no sound passage when swallowing. The explanation for this phenomenon is discussed. Also, it is concluded that this test may reflect Eustachian tube patency during swallowing--and not tubal function. PMID- 7209372 TI - The effect of hearing protectors on the attention demand of warning sounds. AB - A reason often given by noise-exposed workers for not wearing their hearing protection is that it impairs their ability to hear important sounds such as acoustic warning signals. An experiment was therefore conducted to assess the possible effect of wearing hearing protection on the attention demand of a typical industrial warning sound. Inattention was created by providing uncertainty as to the time occurrence of the signal, and a separate loading task. The results indicate that neither inattention, nor the combination of inattention and the wearing of hearing protection, need necessarily impair the perception of a warning sound. The experiment therefore found no basis for the attitude that hearing protectors impair the effectiveness of warning sounds. This conclusion may not however apply to warning sounds which are not distinct from the ambient noise, those which have to be recognized amongst other discrete sounds, or to users of hearing protection with an existing noise-induced hearing loss. PMID- 7209373 TI - Use and benefit of postaural aid in sensory hearing loss. AB - A sample of postaural hearing aid users was followed through adaptation to use of an aid over an 18-month period subsequent to issue. Minor assistance and advice was given but no intensive hearing therapy or other instruction. A miniature timing device was installed in an aid substituted for a few days to provide a check on self-reported extent of use. On both objective and self-report measures, postaural aids receive substantially greater use than the body-worn aids in comparable previous investigations, about half the aids being used over 4 hours per day. Word-identification of free-field listening in aided and unaided conditions showed advantages of 10% or more in only 45% of those tested, yet questionnaire responses suggested reliable subjective benefits in specific listening situations. The results justify taking not only measures of speech identification improvement but also questionnaire measures and measures of time of use in field trials when evaluating overall effectiveness of aid provision. PMID- 7209374 TI - Word identification in quiet and in noise. A re-examination. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to establish developmental norms for work identification in quiet and in white noise in a normally hearing pediatric population. A second purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of minor variations in noise level for word identification performance. Twelve children from each of four age groups (mean age = 7.8, 9.0, 11.2, and 13.1 years) and 12 college students participated in Experiment I. NU-6 half-lists were presented in quiet and in noise (S/N = 0). Eleven college students, 7 ten-year olds ( mean = 10.0 years) for 5 twelve-year-olds (mean = 12.0 years) served as subjects for Experiment 2. These subjects listened to NU-6 words in quiet in two noise conditions (S/N = 0 and S/N = +2). A factorial analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test revealed significant differences between subjects' performance in quiet and in each noise condition. No age effect was observed. Results are discussed within the context of: 1) stimulus materials; 2) calibration tolerances; 3) equipment variables; 4) reinforcement; and 5) definitions of 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. PMID- 7209375 TI - Alternative hypotheses concerning the sources of the human brain stem auditory evoked potentials. PMID- 7209376 TI - Serum cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates and standard liver function tests in various morphological stages of alcoholic liver disease. AB - Fasting and postprandial serum concentrations of conjugates of cholic (CCA) and chenodeoxycholic (CCDA) acid measured by radioimmunoassay were compared with morphological changes in percutaneous liver biopsies from 49 patients with alcohol abuse. Sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and galactose elimination tests were also performed, and serum levels of aminotransferases (ASAT, ALAT), glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were determined. Raised fasting serum concentrations of CCDA were found in 29 patients (59%), whereas elevated fasting serum levels of CCA were found in 19 patients (39%). The mean fasting and postprandial serum bile acid concentrations were significantly higher in patients with hepatofibrosis and cirrhosis than in those with only fatty changes. The extent of the postprandial rise, however, was variable and not significantly different among the various groups. The BSP elimination test was abnormal in 12 patients (25%) but gave normal results in 2 of the 3 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The galactose elimination rates differed only between patients with normal liver biopsies and patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The serum enzyme levels were not significantly different between the various morphological groups. It is concluded that determinations of fasting serum bile acids, especially CCDA, give more reliable and sensitive information on the degree of liver damage in alcoholic liver disease than BSP and galactose elimination tests or serum enzyme assays. PMID- 7209377 TI - Spino-vagal nonadrenergic inhibition of gastric motility elicited by abdominal nociceptive stimulation in the cat. AB - Reflex inhibition of gastric motility in response to intestinal nociception and afferent nerve stimulation was studied in anesthetized cats. Mechanical stimulation of the small and large intestines elicited marked gastric inhibition, which was imitated by direct electrical stimulation of mesenteric or splanchnic afferents. The reflex response was resistant to atropine, guanethidine, and adrenalectomy. Spinal cord transection at the cervical level or spinal anesthesia completely blocked the reflex, as did vagotomy or vagal cold blockade. Chemical peritoneal stimulation by hydrochloric acid induced long-lasting gastric inhibition, which was not blocked by antiadrenergic or anticholinergic drugs. This response was reduced, but not completely blocked by spinal anesthesia or spinal cord transection. It is concluded that various nociceptive intestinal stimuli suppress gastric motility via a spino-vagal reflex mechanism composed of spinal afferents in the sympathetic nerves, spinobulbar ascending pathways, and vagal nonadrenergic inhibitory fibers to the stomach. In addition, vago-vagal reflexes evidently contribute to the gastric suppression induced by diffuse peritoneal irritation. These two reflex mechanisms are suggested to be mainly responsible for postoperative gastric inhibition, together with sympatho adrenergic reflexes. PMID- 7209378 TI - Crohn's disease of the duodenum. AB - Seven cases of Crohn's disease of the duodenum are presented. They made up 2% of 350 cases of Crohn's disease seen over a period of 15 years. Mean age at onset of Crohn's disease was 22 years (range, 13--47). All patients had other, and most patients severe, lesions elsewhere in the alimentary tract. In three patients the duodenal lesion appeared simultaneously with or within a year of lesions elsewhere, in four cases not until 4 to 15 years later. The period of observation after detection of regional duodenitis was 2 to 14 years; mean, 8 years. The commonest complaint due to duodenitis was epigastric pain. It was present in everyone. Gastrointestinal bleeding rarely occurred. Complicating pancreatitis was not seen. Pathophysiologic abnormalities (decreased vitamin B12 and iron absorption, abnormal protein loss) depended more on the extraduodenal extension of Crohn's disease than on the duodenal lesion. In three patients duodenal obstruction required a bypass operation (gastrojejunostomy or duodenojejunostomy). The same three patients and three other of the series were subjected to other surgical treatment, including ileal resection and, in four cases, subtotal colectomy. Two patients died, one of pneumonia in his home and one in her home town of, probably, acute gastroenteritis complicating a severe short-bowel syndrome. The prognosis in this series seemed to be worse than in Crohn's disease in general, not because of the duodenal lesion but because of its association with severe lesions elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7209379 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis. AB - In a 5-year period 48 (14%) of 336 patients with ulcerative colitis were found to have hepatobiliary disease. The bile ducts were examined in 35 of these patients, and optimal visualization of both intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts was obtained in 26. Duct changes compatible with sclerosing cholangitis were found in 14 patients. This finding of sclerosing cholangitis in 4% of all patients admitted with ulcerative colitis by far exceeds previous estimations on the incidence of sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis. The entire colon was usually affected, and the symptoms of the bowel disease were most often mild or moderate. The age at the onset of the colitis was usually below 20 years in patients with combined ulcerative colitis and hepatobiliary disease. In most patients the hepatobiliary disease gave no symptoms. Biochemical data and the histological findings in the liver biopsies did not distinguish between patients with hepatobiliary disease with and without sclerosing cholangitis. Our follow-up study has so far shown that most patients with sclerosing cholangitis remain asymptomatic for a considerable period of time. PMID- 7209380 TI - Correlation between exocrine pancreatic secretion and serum concentration of human pancreatic polypeptide in chronic pancreatitis. AB - Concentrations of human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) in serum were measured in the fasting state and after a meal in 19 control subjects and 24 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). The severity of CP was characterized on the basis of the duodenal lipase concentration after a test meal (Lundh test). Basal and postprandial HPP concentrations were significantly (p less than 0.01) decreased in severe and moderate chronic pancreatitis and in diabetes secondary to pancreatitis. There was only a weak correlation (r = 0.44; p less than 0.05) between exocrine secretion and delta HPP in CP. Fifty-eight percent of patients with CP had serum concentrations of HPP within the normal range, limiting the value of serum HPP measurement in the diagnosis of CP. PMID- 7209381 TI - Gray-scale ultrasonography and jaundice. AB - Forty-nine consecutive jaundiced patients were examined with ultrasonography as the initial imaging method. In 90% could surgical and medical jaundice be differentiated and in 51% the correct specific diagnosis reached. PMID- 7209382 TI - Effect of arginine infusion on endogenous pancreatic glucagon and gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients and normal subjects. AB - The effect of intravenous infusion of L-arginine on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in 15 duodenal ulcer patients and 12 healthy subjects. In both groups L-arginine enhanced plasma concentrations of pancreatic glucagon equally and to levels similar to those seen after a protein-rich meal and inhibited the acid response in duodenal ulcer patients and in normal subjects. The study supports previous findings suggesting that pancreatic glucagon is a physiological inhibitor of gastric acid secretion but does not support the hypothesis of a defect in this inhibitory system in duodenal ulcer patients. PMID- 7209383 TI - Exocrine pancreatic function, fecal fat, and blood glucose in patients with pancreatitis. AB - Exocrine pancreatic function, as revealed by bicarbonate output after secretion stimulation and trypsin output after CCK stimulation, fecal fat excretion, and glucose tolerance were studied in 40 patients with pancreatitis. A high fecal fat excretion and an abnormal glucose tolerance were found in about three quarters of the patients with markedly reduced bicarbonate output (less than 0.15 mmol . h-1 . kg-1). Normal fecal fat excretion was observed in five of six and normal glucose tolerance in all patients who had a normal bicarbonate output (greater than 0.30 mmol . h-1 . kg-1). All of the patients with abnormal glucose tolerance had impaired bicarbonate output. The trypsin output after CCK stimulation was not more closely related either to the fecal fat excretion or to the glucose tolerance. PMID- 7209384 TI - The fine structure of colonic submucosal nerves in patients with chronic laxative abuse. AB - Ultrastructural studies of colonic biopsies from patients with a history of long term laxative abuse, predominantly with stimulant cathartics such as anthraquinone derivatives or bisacodyl, indicated that submucosal nerve fibres may be severely damaged in relation to dosage and time of addiction. The main pathological features found were ballooning of axons, reduction of nerve-specific cell organelles, lysosomal activity, and increase of melanin-loaded macrophages. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in axonal area, with simultaneous reduction of neurotubules. Nerve endings showed a significant decrease of neurosecretory granules when compared with those of normals. It is concluded that these alterations might be a morphological correlation to the clinically evident disturbance of gut motility in patients with chronic laxative abuse, because the intact enteric plexus system is a prerequisite for coordination of normal gut peristalsis. PMID- 7209385 TI - Reflex vagal inhibition of gastric motility by intestinal nociceptive stimulation in the cat. AB - The effect on gastric motility of various irritative stimuli to the small and large intestine and peritoneum were studied in anesthetized cats. Mechanical stimulation of the jejunum or colon elicited gastric relaxation, which was not blocked by antiadrenergic or anticholinergic drugs but was abolished by vagotomy. Long-lasting gastric relaxation with similar characteristics was observed on jejunal surgery, spontaneous peritonitis, or chemical irritation of the abdominal cavity with acid or methanol. Diathermic lesions of the gut caused less gastric inhibition than mechanical and chemical stimuli. Afferent electric stimulation of jejunal and colonic nerves induced gastric relaxation with similar characteristics as mechanical stimulation in the same regions. It is concluded that mechanical and chemical irritation of the gut and intestinal surgery and peritonitis are accompanied by a gastric relaxation due to activation of the vagal nonadrenergic inhibitory fibers to the stomach. This vagal mechanism is suggested to be important for the suppression of gastric motility in paralytic ileus. PMID- 7209386 TI - A simple method for the quantification of biliary reflux. AB - 99mTc-diethyl-IDA is completely excreted into the bile. When cholecystokinin is given after priming of the biliary tract with this tracer, gallbladder contraction leads to expulsion of bile into the duodenum. At the same time cholecystokinin causes contraction of the pylorus, which should normally prevent substantial reflux of tracer into the stomach. We have applied these physiological characteristics in a method to quantify biliary gastric reflux. Fourteen controls had a median reflux of 4.3% of the intravenous dose (93% of controls had values less than 9%). In 18 patients with Billroth II gastrectomies the median reflux was 46% (p less than 0.001). Patients with chronic gastritis (no. = 18) had also increased reflux (median 18.1%, p less than 0.001). The same was found in gastric ulcer (no. = 18, median 11.8%, p less than 0.003). In duodenal ulcer (no. = 7) increased reflux existed in only two patients with pyloric deformation. Patients with hiatal hernia did not show increased reflux (no. = 10, median 2.2%). Bilirubin measurements tended to underestimate reflux in pathological cases, whereas bile acid measurements and reflux percentages of tracer showed a close relationship (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001). PMID- 7209387 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in cirrhosis: arteriovenous extraction in different vascular beds. AB - The concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was determined in peripheral venous plasma from 136 patients with liver cirrhosis without gastrointestinal bleeding or coma and from 112 controls. In eight patients (cirrhosis, six; fibrosis, one; steatosis, one) arteriovenous extraction or release of VIP was measured during catheterization at four locations: brain, lower limb, intestine-liver, and kidney. The mean concentration of VIP in peripheral venous plasma from patients with cirrhosis was 9.4 pmol/l (median, 7.0; range, 0-86), which was significantly higher than that of the controls, who had a mean of 6.2 pmol/l (median, 6.0; range, 0-20, P less than 0.01). No significant extraction or release of VIP could be detected across the vascular bed in brain or lower limb. A significant arterio-hepatovenous VIP extraction ratio (mean, 0.43; range, 0.05-0.87) confirmed at net splanchnic elimination of VIP from extra-splanchnic areas and from porto-systemic shunting of VIP in cirrhosis. The net splanchnic elimination rate of VIP was estimated to be about 3 pmol/min. The concentration of VIP in ascitic fluid was on the average three times that of arterial plasma. In conclusion, VIP is significantly elevated in peripheral plasma from patients with cirrhosis, probably due to porto-systemic shunting and/or compromised hepatic elimination. Hepatic elimination is still likely to account for the inactivation of most of the VIP escaping from the neurosynapses throughout the body in patients with cirrhosis without coma. PMID- 7209388 TI - The parietal cells in duodenal ulcer patients. A quantitative ultrastructural study before and during treatment with cimetidine. AB - Quantitative ultrastructural analyses of the parietal cells have been performed on eleven patients with chronic duodenal ulcer, before and after 8 weeks' treatment with a histamine H2-receptor antagonist (cimetidine, 1 g/day). The treatment caused a significant decrease of the secretory surface density; this result seems to differ from those of ultrastructural reports on parietal cells when acid secretion is inhibited by vagotomy. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the profile of the tubulo-vesicles of parietal cells could be seen in three phases, tentatively suggesting that this system is able to take up material from the surrounding cytoplasm by encircling it. PMID- 7209389 TI - Gastric motility 1 year after proximal gastric vagotomy. AB - The intragastric pressure/volume relationship was recorded in six patients with duodenal ulcer to study gastric motility before and after proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV). Recordings were done preoperatively and 6 weeks and 1 year after surgery by means of a flaccid plastic bag in the stomach connected to a low pressure transducer. The bag was filled and emptied stepwise with defined volumes to study responses in gastric basal pressure or tone and contractions. Significant increase in basal pressure and reduced strength of rhythmic contractions were found 6 weeks after the operation, indicating disturbance of the gastric reservoir in the corpus and fundus. These changes were still present 1 year later, but some reduction of the pressure/volume relation was seen. The study indicates that a small tendency to adaptation or a revere towards normal occurs with gastric motility responses to volume loads simulating a meal 1 year after PGV, but the changes are still significantly different from the preoperative recordings. PMID- 7209390 TI - The effect of acetaldehyde on pancreatic and gastric secretion. AB - To ascertain whether any of the well-known effects of intravenous ethanol on pancreatic and gastric secretion could be due to its metabolite--acetaldehyde, a strong cytotoxic and sympathomimetic agent--acetaldehyde was given intravenously for 1 h (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/h) in seven dogs. Acetaldehyde did not modify pancreatic secretion stimulated with secretin and caerulein, but under basal conditions 200 mg/kg/h slightly increased the volume and protein content of pancreatic juice. Acetaldehyde increased gastric secretion up to 4.03 meq/15 min in a dose-dependent manner, while serum gastrin remained unchanged. The increase of acidity persisted after propranolol and was inhibited but not abolished by ganglionic blockade. It can be concluded that physiological concentrations of acetaldehyde do not interfere with pancreatic secretion and that it is possible that the stimulatory effect of ethanol on gastric secretion is mediated at least partly through acetaldehyde. PMID- 7209391 TI - Measurement of pulmonary hydrogen (H2) and H2 diffusion from the small bowel and the colon. AB - An accurate, relatively simple gas-solid chromatographic method for determination of breath H2 is described. Three different end-expiratory breath sampling techniques were evaluated. Changes in ventilatory activity was found to be the main cause of inaccuracies in end-expiratory breath H2 determinations. Pulmonary H2 excretion was measured after instillations of H2 in jejunum and colon. H2 excretion during the first 30 min after instillation was approximately seven times greater from the jejunum than from the colon. Marked individual variability was noted, and it is suggested that this may be explained by variations in intestinal peristaltic activity, which must be of importance in the process of H2 diffusion from gut lumen. It is further suggested that the H2 breath test should be regarded as a semi-quantitative test for intestinal H2 formation. PMID- 7209392 TI - 'The fat-encrusted colon'. A radiological abnormality of colonic mucosa occurring in patients with steatorrhoea. AB - The clinical and radiological features of six cases of fat-encrusted colon are described. In patients with steatorrhoea, despite standard colonic preparation, fat may adhere to colonic mucosa and produce a radiological appearance that simulates the changes of inflammatory bowel disease. Steatorrhoea was due to coeliac disease in five patients, the sixth being a case of primary sclerosing cholangitis. The initial radiological diagnosis at barium enema in all six patients was of inflammatory bowel disease. On the basis of this appearance surgery was advised in three patients, one of whom proceeded to laparotomy with a view to colectomy. The correct diagnosis can be established by familiarity with the radiological appearance and confirmed by repeating the barium enema examination after 5 days of a fat-free diet, when the colonic mucosal pattern returns to normal. PMID- 7209393 TI - Biliary lipid composition in patients with porta cirrhosis of the liver. AB - Fasting duodenal bile was collected under standardized conditions in 10 male patients with stable portal cirrhosis of the liver and in 12 healthy male controls matched for age, body weight, and serum lipid levels. The proportion of cholesterol, expressed as molar percentage of total biliary lipids, was lower in patients with cirrhosis than in controls (4.6 +/- 0.6 versus 6.4 +/- 0.4 molar %, mean +/- S.E.M.; P less than 0.025), whereas the proportions of bile acids and phospholipids were similar in the two groups. The cholesterol saturation of bile was lower in cirrhotic patients (68 +/- 8%) than in controls (94 +/- 7%; P less than 0.025). The contribution of deoxycholic acid to total bile acids was diminished in cirrhosis and that of chenodeoxycholic acid slightly increased. The results suggest that, in spite of the disturbances of bile acid metabolism generally seen in cirrhosis, such patients are not prone to develop cholesterol gallstones. PMID- 7209394 TI - Nitrogen absorption following small-intestinal resection. AB - A nitrogen balance study was performed in 40 patients with various small-bowel resections. Twenty-two patients had part of or the whole colon in function; 18 had an ileostomy. The patients had body weights that were about 95% of their ideal body weight (range, 133% to 71%). Net nitrogen absorption was significantly lower in patients with extensive small-bowel resection (greater than or equal to 150 cm) (median, 8.0 g/day approximately 64% of the dietary nitrogen intake) compared with patients with small-bowel resection less than 150 cm (median, 9.6/day approximately 82% of the dietary nitrogen intake). No difference in nitrogen balance was observed between the two groups. The median nitrogen balance was not significantly different from zero. No difference in nitrogen absorption, nitrogen balance, or body weight could be demonstrated between patients with part of or the whole colon in function and patients with an ileostomy. We conclude that patients with extensive small-bowel resection may have a significant nitrogen absorption, even in the presence of an ileostomy. PMID- 7209395 TI - Intraluminal oesophageal manometry. Influence of pressure probe diameter. AB - The influence of the pressure-probe diameter on the values of gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure, pharyngo-oesophageal sphincter pressure, and peak peristaltic pressure in the oesophageal body was investigated in eight healthy subjects. A low-compliance perfused pressure-measuring unit was used for the recordings. Three different probes were made with external diameters of 1.5 mm, 3.5 mm, and 4.5 mm. Sphincter pressures were measured in the resting state, and peristaltic pressures were measured during wet swallows. The pressure in the sphincter regions was found to depend on the diameter of the probe, whereas the peak peristaltic pressure amplitudes were independent of the probes used. The need for standardization of manometry equipment is emphasized. PMID- 7209396 TI - Low high-density lipoprotein and reduced antipyrine metabolism in members of a family with polycystic liver disease. AB - A family with polycystic liver disease was investigated in order to evaluate the role of the liver in determining the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level and its relationship to the rate of antipyrine elimination from plasma. The four subjects with polycystic liver disease had low serum HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and apoprotein A-II levels as compared with others in the family. There was an inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol and apoproteins and the antipyrine half-life in plasma. The results demonstrate that serum HDL levels and the antipyrine metabolism, both reflectors of hepatic function, might be altered in parallel in subjects with polycystic liver. The findings presumably reflect the effects of cysts on liver parenchyma and changes in the hepatic blood flow. PMID- 7209397 TI - Plasma concentration of secretin and gastric secretion following intraduodenal calcium infusion in man. AB - The aim of the present study was to test whether the previously demonstrated release of immunoreactive plasma secretin following intraduodenal bile infusion could be mediated by the calcium content of the bile. The gastric acid secretion and the serum concentration of gastrin, ionized and total calcium, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone were also measured. A total amount of 93 mg calcium was infused intraduodenally in eight healthy volunteers during constant gastric aspiration. No effect was seen on the concentration of immunoreactive plasma secretin or serum gastrin levels in peripheral blood. The total serum calcium concentration decreased slightly during the infusion and increased immediately thereafter. Ionized serum calcium increased throughout the experiment, the increase being significant only after the calcium infusion was stopped. No effects were observed on the serum concentrations of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. PMID- 7209398 TI - Platelets in myeloproliferative disorders. II. Serotonin uptake and storage: correlations with mepacrine labelled dense bodies and with platelet density. AB - Platelet serotonin (5-HT) uptake and storage in the presence and absence of reserpine were studied simultaneously with platelet volume, density and dense bodies content (mepacrine test) in 33 patients affected with myeloproliferative disorders (MD): 12 chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), 9 polycythaemia vera (PV), 6 essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and 9 agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM). Observations were (1) a dramatic reduction of the initial velocity (Vi) uptake and of the granular pool of 5-HT; (2) a slight reduction of the number of platelet dense bodies which, in many cases, were less fluorescent than in controls; (3) an increase of the percentage of light platelets while platelet volume was mostly normal; (4) a significant correlation between the number of dense bodies per platelet volume unit and either the percentage of light platelets (r = 0.76) or the size of the granular pool of 5-HT (r = 0.81). These results support evidence of a quantitative and qualitative acquired storage pool syndrome in these patients. In addition, the Vi studies demonstrate that the serotonin uptake across the plasmatic membrane is abnormal. PMID- 7209399 TI - The volume of the human erythrocyte and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity. AB - Changes in mean red cell count (RCC), mean cell volume (MCV) and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) were observed in a group of 33 normal male university students at a 7-week interval. Linear regression analysis shows a negative linear relationship between changes in RCC and MCV (r = -0.77, P less than 0.0005) while a positive correlation was found for changes both in ALP activity and in MCV (r = +0.37, P less than 0.025). Multiple regression analysis indicates that 70% of the variation in MCV could be accounted for by changes in RCC and plasma ALP activity (r = +0.84, P less than 0.0025). PMID- 7209400 TI - Platelet lesion of collection. AB - In the early stages of blood collection for transfusion, whole blood is subjected to trauma from the anticoagulant. The blood--anticoagulant mixture does not attain a pH at which platelets can remain functional (approximately pH 6.0) until about 25% of the unit has been collected. We have examined platelet ultrastructure and in vitro aggregation responses to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and epinephrine (EPN), to assess the platelet trauma of collection into citrate phosphate-dextrose. For comparison blood was collected by 2 methods: one was conventional (CC), the other metered anticoagulant into the blood as it was collected (MC). Platelets from CC blood showed disruption of organelles and depletion of the dense bodies, whereas platelets from MC blood showed no ultrastructural damage. In addition, biphasic aggregation in response to ADP or EPN was seen in MC platelets but not in CC platelets. PMID- 7209401 TI - Effect of ouabain on osmotic resistance and monovalent cation transport of red cells in hereditary spherocytosis. AB - The effect of ouabain on the osmotic resistance of red cells from 17 splenectomized patients with congenital or hereditary spherocytosis (HS), from 5 of their relatives suspected of having a subclinical form of the disease and from unsplenectomized and splenectomized normal controls was studied. In red cells from the HS patients and the splenectomized controls a small ouabain-induced decrease in osmotic resistance was seen, whereas in the unsplenectomized controls no such change was observed. The osmotic resistance of red cells from the 5 relatives, on the other hand, was significantly decreased by ouabain. The usefulness of ouabain in unmasking HS in its subclinical form was further tested by studying monovalent cation influx into red cells. The active influx of 86Rb+ into red cells from HS suffers was significantly increased. A similar degree of ouabain-induced inhibition of 86Rb+ transport was seen in all groups studied. The passive influx of 22Na+, which was also increased in HS red cells, was not affected by ouabain in any of the four groups. PMID- 7209402 TI - Alpha-tocopherol and cardiac toxicity of iron. AB - At the onset of disturbances of cardiac rhythm after a 7th injection of iron sorbitol to a patient with severe malabsorption syndrome an extremely low level of alpha-tocopherol in serum--0.04 mg per 100 ml serum--was observed. The clinical manifestations are interpreted as a possible consequence of the depletion of the vitamin, a natural scavenger of free radicals. The possible importance of alpha-tocopherol in preventing the toxic effect of iron on the apparently very sensitive myocardium after parenteral iron to patients with severe malabsorption syndrome is discussed. PMID- 7209403 TI - Higher frequency of 51--clone in bone marrow mitoses after culture than by a direct method. AB - In a patient with refractory idiopathic sideroblastic anaemia without signs of leukaemia a clone with the karyotype 46,XX,5q--showed markedly different frequencies in mitotic preparations obtained from bone marrow by different methods. This clone was absent or rare (0--15%) in preparations made by a direct method and prevalent (55--95%) after culture for 22 h or 46 h in the presence or absence of methotrexate. In cells without the 51--chromosome there were minor clones with trisomies 8, 14 or 19. These were somewhat more frequent in preparations made by the methotrexate than by the direct method. If these findings are confirmed in larger series of experiments, it will follow that results obtained for different abnormalities and in different disorders by different methods may not be comparable and that modifications of the present cytogenetic methodology for bone marrow may lead to new findings of practical and theoretical significance. PMID- 7209404 TI - Erythrocytotoxicity induced by cancer chemotherapeutic agents. In vitro studies of osmotic fragility and methaemoglobin generation. AB - Increased osmotic fragility and methaemoglobin generation in vitro have resulted from the exposure of normal human erythrocytes to numerous cancer chemotherapeutic agents. These findings offer a possible explanation for the earlier, consistent clinical observation of the rapid development of anaemia, during consolidation therapy, in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in remission. PMID- 7209405 TI - A photoelastic study of some biomechanical factors affecting the anchorage of osseointegrated implants in the jaw. AB - Photoelastic stress analyses of models of osseointegrated oral implants were performed, comprising an investigation of the installation practice and load experiments. In the load experiments, single-threaded and unthreaded implants were loaded in horizontal and vertical planes. The results of the installation experiments showed that pre-tapping and careful screwing down of the implant reduced stresses in the test piece. When tightening the screw forcefully, high stress concentrations arose at the margin of the implant site. In the load experiments a threaded implant was analysed in three different anchorage situations: case A, illustrating complete bone anchorage up to the head of the implant; case B, vertical bone loss; and case C, horizontal bone loss. An unthreaded implant was also analysed. The results indicated only minor differences between the three anchorage cases in the vertical load experiments. However, the threaded implants displayed a more favourable stress distribution than the unthreaded one. In the horizontal load experiments high stress concentrations arose at the margin of the test piece on the compression side at minor load levels (98 N), Anchorage cases B and C showed the highest stress concentrations. The results have clinical relevance, both for installation practice and for the design of the oral implant bridge. PMID- 7209407 TI - Zinc tape treatment of burns infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an experimental study on guinea pigs. AB - Third-degree burns on guinea pigs were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The wounds were treated with a zinc tape, a gauze sponge, or a plastic foil. In tissue specimens from the wounds, less growth of Pseudomonas was found in zinc tape treated wounds than in gauze- or plastic foil treated wounds. In vitro it was found that zinc oxide possesses an antibacterial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. PMID- 7209406 TI - The adrenergic innervation of arteriovenous anastomoses in the subcutaneous fascia of rat skin. PMID- 7209408 TI - Clinical course of cutaneous malignant melanoma related to histopathological criteria of primary tumour. AB - By using cumulative survival curves the influences of histological criteria of the primary tumour on the prognosis of 204 patients with clinical stage I malignant melanoma were evaluated. Tumour thickness, level of invasion in the dermis plus ulceration appear to have greatest influence on prognosis. Other factors influencing prognosis include that histogenetic type of melanoma, malignant cell invasion into blood vessels as well as intralesional transformation. On the other hand, it appears from our material that the number of mitoses, the type of malignant cell, regression phenomena and the amount of the inflammatory cell infiltrate have no significant influence on prognosis. PMID- 7209409 TI - Surgical closure of palatal fistulae: follow-up of 84 personally treated cases. AB - In a series of 84 personally operated palatal fistula (83 in cleft patients) over a 5-year-period, anatomic and/or physiologic closure was achieved in 82%. Minor recurrences occurred in 13%, and 4% were (total) failures. The age at operation varied from 2 years 10 months to 55 years. In nine recurrences (11%) definitive closure is still planned but postponed to the postpubertal period. 75% of the patients were operated on by the author once only, 14% twice, while in 11% three or more operations were necessary. The routine operative methods have been the double hinge flap and the bone grafting procedure. Other techniques have been used only rarely, and with specific indications. PMID- 7209410 TI - Morphology of hypospadias. AB - Morphological investigation was performed in a clinical series for prospective study comprising 220 unselected cases of hypospadias. The patients were followed up postoperatively for 8 to 12 years. The investigation comprised the external and internal genitals, including anomalies of the testes and disturbances in gonad differentiation, and simultaneous malformations in the upper urinary tract and extraurogenital malformations. At the preoperative examination the meatal caliber was judged to be inadequate in 91% of the patients with glandular hypospadias, the mildest and commonest form. Curvature was observed in 69% and torsion in 16%. Manifest penile hypoplasia was registered in 7/220, 3 of whom showed chromosomal aberrations. Among the congenital anomalies of the proximal urethra, undevelopment of the prostate was discovered in one perineal hypospadiac and absence of the internal sphincter mechanism in one glandular and one perineal hypospadiac among 142/220 who had reached fertile age. The anomaly in these three patients caused retrograde ejaculation. PMID- 7209411 TI - Microscopic studies of curvature-causing structures in hypospadias. AB - Microscopical studies were performed in a consecutive series of 20 hypospadiacs (3 crypto-hypospadias; 9 glandular; 7 penile; and 1 perineal) with curvature, 3 of whom also exhibited torsion. Specimens for the investigation were dissected free at the first operation and it was found that the binding tissues on the ventral side of the penis reached about half of the circumference of the penile shaft, stretching longitudinally from the coronal sulcus, passing the original meatus and extending proximally on the shaft. The specimens from the 17 hypospadias with curvature only exhibited a symmetric pattern in the tissue plate, while in 3 hypospadias with curvature and torsion an asymmetry was found, with longer lateral tissue plates in the contralateral direction to the torsion. With two exceptions, the microscopical investigation showed the same principal lesions: proximally the urethra had a normal circular corpus spongiosum, but at varying distances distally the ventral parts of the corpus spongiosum were thinned out, and disappeared and the lateral parts were disorganized, penetrating out laterally in the plate of connective tissue. The dorsal part of the corpus spongiosum was thinned and was found to continue distally from the meatus to the coronal sulcus. In the 3 hypospadias with curvature and torsion the microscopical findings were principally the same as in the cases with curvature only, but with longer lateral penetration on the side contralateral to the direction of the torsion. PMID- 7209412 TI - Hypospadias. A review of 299 cases operated 1957-69. AB - A review of 299 unselected primary cases of hypospadias of all types treated during the period 1957 to 1969 is presented. The same indications for operation and the same surgical principles were applied in all cases. The surgical treatment was performed in two stages: meatotomy or meatotomy combined with straightening in the first stage and urethral construction according to Denis Browne's method in the second stage. Complications occurred after the urethral construction in 11/289 cases (separation of the skin flaps in 5/289 and fistulas in 6/289). All 11 patients were reoperated with fully satisfactory results. The long-term results were followed up in a series of 220/299 cases. This series was used to study different problems affecting hypospadias. The mean age at the first operation was 8.5 years and the median age 4.4. The mean age at the latest control was 15.1 years and the median age 18.4. At the latest control no relapses with regard to curvature were observed during erection in the 151/220 cases in which straightening was performed. The meatus was adequate in all cases and the urinary flow, measured with a uroflowmeter, was normal. PMID- 7209413 TI - Results of glando-cavernous anastomosis in 18 cases of priapism. AB - Of 18 patients treated for priapism by glando-cavernous anastomosis, 11 obtained complete relief. Follow-up examination of the 18 patients has shown normal erectile function in 11 cases. It would appear that the chance of preserving sexual function is greater the better the immediate result of the operation obtained and the earlier the patients are treated. PMID- 7209414 TI - Flexor tendon repair in no man's land. II. Early versus late secondary tendon repair ad modum Kleinert. AB - A follow-up study of patients who had undergone secondary tendon repair within the digital sheath showed results comparable to those reported after both primary tendon repair and free tendon grafts. However, the results were best when the operation was performed within one month of injury. With a delay of more than one month the results deteriorated markedly, mostly because of extension deficits. PMID- 7209415 TI - Carpal bone cysts: a clinical and radiographic study. AB - In order to analyse and correlate the clinical and radiographic features of intracarpal bone cysts a review of 80 cysts in 77 patients is presented. Some cysts were found to develop very slowly from an area of trabecular fading to a well-defined cavity, bordered by a zone of radiopacity. Pain was constantly correlated to cysts with marginal sclerosis and at operation these cysts were found to be made up of fibrous tissue with mucoid changes. Most cysts were located in the scaphoid and lunate which are known to have vulnerable vascular supplies. These bones are also exposed to heavy load during power grip. It is, therefore, plausible that these cysts are caused by intramedullary vascular disturbances, followed by bone resorption and fibroblastic proliferation, and that pain is elicited by increasing pressure inside the cyst. PMID- 7209416 TI - Oblique facial clefts: case report. AB - In a material of about 3,600 facial clefts eleven oblique clefts were observed (3.1%). The most frequent types were the medial oro-ocular and naso-ocular clefts and their combinations. There were two atypical cases and one lateral oro-ocular variety. The oblique clefts were frequently associated with other types of clefts and/or more distant anomalies. No genetic chromosomal or environmental factors were found to explain their etiology. Amniotic bands could possibly be thought to be responsible for the severe malformations in two instances. The lacrimal apparatus was always involved to some degree with the exception of a few incomplete forms. In the alveolar arch the cleft seemed to be situated between the medial incisor and the canine. PMID- 7209417 TI - An evaluation of serum protein profiles in the long-term surveillance of prostatic cancer. AB - Longitudinal and vertical studies on prostatic cancer have confirmed that many forms of oestrogen therapy have a profound effect on the levels of several acute phase reactant proteins (APRP). This action overrides any response of the APRPs to a rising tumour load. However, serum C-Reactive protein and albumin levels appear to be independent of oestrogen control and their respective rise and fall is associated with tumour progression even when the patient is saturated with oestrogens. PMID- 7209418 TI - Surgical treatment of post abortum endometriosis of the bladder and postoperative bladder function. AB - During the years 1953-1967, 17 women with endometriosis of the urinary bladder were treated with extirpation of the endometrial tissue, including partial or total resection of the trigone. In all cases the endometriosis had followed vaginal hysterotomy for legal abortion. Urethrocystoscopy was performed and the residual urine and bladder capacity were measured in all the patients one month and one year after the bladder operation. At follow-up in 1978 only 4 of the 17 women were available for urodynamic studies. Combined urethrocystometry, recording of the urethral pressure profile and measurement of the maximal urethral pressure in supine and standing positions were performed in these four patients, using the technique of Ulmsten et al. In all cases in the series, including those with trigone extirpation, all the tested parameters were normal. The writers therefore conclude that even total trigone resection can be done without disturbance to the bladder function. PMID- 7209419 TI - Fluorescent Y-bodies in urinary sediments in patients with transitional cell tumours. AB - In order to seek possible changes in Y-body frequency in transitional cell tumours, urinary sediments were examined from patients with tumours as compared with those without. A tendency to lower Y-body counts with increasing malignancy was found. Thus when comparing with the results of routine cytology examination those classified as group 3 and 4 had significantly lower Y-body counts than those without tumour cells. Furthermore, those with tumour cells and a tumour ('true' positives) had significantly lower Y-body counts than those with "tumour cells' but without a tumour ('false'-positives). In the tumour group those showing invasive growth had a lower Y-body count than those without. These results indicate that some possible benefits could be achieved if this method is applied to routine use. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in urine were also examined. The results seemed to indicate a decrease in Y-body count also in these cells in patients with transitional cell tumours. The detection of Y-bodies, in polymorphonuclear leukocytes is, however, difficult, and further studies are necessary for definite conclusions. There were only a few false-positives (females with Y-bodies). PMID- 7209420 TI - Role of N-acetyltransferase phenotype in human susceptibility to bladder carcinogenic arylamines. AB - N-acetyltransferase activity is species-specific and in animal experiments a determinant of the susceptibility of each species to arylamine bladder carcinogens. The effect of N-acetylation is that of inactivation. In humans, N acetyltransferase activity is also genetically determined so that two N acetyltransferase phenotypes exist, a rapid acetylator phenotype and a slow acetylator phenotype. N-acetyltransferase phenotype was determined in 71 bladder cancer patients and in 74 control subjects from Copenhagen. The distribution of the slow acetylator phenotype among the bladder cancer patients was 65% in control to 51% among the control subjects, indicating that the N acetyltransferase phenotype also in humans may be a determinant of the susceptibility of each individual to arylamine carcinogens. In addition, this finding indicates that carcinogenic arylamines also play a role in bladder carcinogenesis in Copenhagen. Such studies may identify risk groups in a population and may reveal geographical areas with arylamine induced bladder cancer. PMID- 7209421 TI - Renal function in primary hyperparathyroidism. A follow-up study two to eleven years after surgery comprising 139 patients. PMID- 7209422 TI - Blunt renal trauma. Changes in aetiology, Diagnostic procedure, treatment and complications over thirty years. AB - In a rural area with a relatively stable population, 216 persons were hospitalized for blunt renal trauma over a 30-year period (1946-75). In the final 10 years the frequency of such trauma increased, as also did the proportions of females and younger patients (11-30 years old). In the final 5 years the overall incidence was 6.2 cases per 100 000 inhabitants and year. Motor traffic accidents were increasingly the cause of blunt renal trauma. Injuries from compression showed a stable frequency. Renal trauma attributed to blows varied with the incidence of accidents involving horses and sports. Treatment was mainly conservative, except in major injuries. Emergency excretory urography was rarely used during the first 10 years of the study, but thereafter with increasing frequency. Early complications were seen only during the first 20 years of the study. PMID- 7209423 TI - Incidence of urolithiasis and composition of household water in southern Finland. AB - High concentration of iron (greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/l) and high total hardness of household water (greater than or equal to 7.0 dH0) in residence community were associated with low hospital admission rate for urolithiasis in a population of about 1.2 million during one year. The incidence of ureteral and renal stone did not vary according to natural fluoride content of drinking water, but it was lower in a city with fluoridated water than in a reference city. PMID- 7209424 TI - Treatment of cystinuria with alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine. AB - Four cystinuric patients (3 females and 1 male) with recurrent L-cystine stone formation were treated with alpha-mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG). In one patient the treatment was stopped because of a rash developing after one week of treatment. In the other 3 patients MPG was found to be as effective as penicillamine in lowering the urinary cystine excretion to safe levels. No serious side effects of the drug were recorded. PMID- 7209425 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. AB - Evaluation of clinical, radiological and pathological data from 10 adult patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis has been carried out. There are no pathognomonic diagnostic features, but the majority of patients present with a previous history of recurrent urinary tract disorders. Obstruction and infection are essential pathogenetic factors, but it is suggested that immunologic factors are also play a part. The treatment is nephrectomy, as correct diagnosis cannot be established preoperatively, and as the condition is often misinterpreted as renal carcinoma. A definite diagnosis can only be obtained from pathologic examination with demonstration of the characteristic inflammatory xanthogranulomatous reaction. PMID- 7209426 TI - The effect of chlorpromazine pretreatment on the vascular function of kidneys damaged by warm ischaemia and cold storage in Collins' solution. AB - Vascular resistance was determined in 40 rabbit kidneys after graded warm ischaemia up to 60 minutes and preservation in Collins' solution for 24 and 48 hours. Half of the animals were treated with chlorpromazine 3.5 mg/kg before induction of the ischaemia. Vascular function was determined during short-term perfusion with TIS-U-SOL at 4 degrees C. The experiments showed that warm ischaemia of 30 and 60 minutes duration gave an increase in vascular resistance. The increase was, however, smaller in kidneys pretreated with chlorpromazine. Preservation in Collins' solution for 24 and 48 hours did not change this correlation. Determination of the weights and thereby formation of oedema showed that all kidneys preserved had a small increase in weight. No difference was found between pretreated kidneys and untreated kidneys. It is concluded that pretreatment with chlorpromazine is capable of diminishing vascular contraction during the warm ischaemic period and that preservation in Collins' solution for up to 48 hours does not alter this beneficial effect. PMID- 7209427 TI - Transposition of the basilic vein in the forearm for the construction of haemodialysis arteriovenous fistula. AB - Twenty-five dialysis patients have been operated 27 times using a modified surgical technique with transposition of the basilic vein for construction of a forearm arteriovenous fistula. The vein is explored at the elbow and dissected free as far distally as possible using small transverse incisions. The vein is cut distally, taken out at the elbow and positioned in a straight, superficial narrow tunnel on the volar side of the forearm for anastomosis to the side of the radial or the ulnar artery. The operation was successful in 19 (76%) cases giving an easily accessible and well-functioning arterialised vein. The surgical technique is simple and is recommended as a primary procedure in patients where the cephalic or other radial or dorsal vein is not available, and as a secondary procedure after failure of a radiocephalic fistula. It is considered of special value for home dialysis patients. PMID- 7209428 TI - Bladder cancer associated with hypercalcaemia. A case report. AB - Hypercalcaemia associated with bladder cancer is rarely encountered. The case history of a male patient, 75 years old, with a large, deeply infiltrating squamous cell bladder carcinoma (T4a), hypercalcaemia (3.5 mmol/l), low parathormone level and no sign of skeletal metastases is presented. A review of earlier reported cases of bladder cancer associated with hypercalcaemia is discussed. PMID- 7209429 TI - Motility of the urinary bladder in cats during filling at physiological rates. III. Spontaneous rhythmic bladder contractions in the conscious and anesthetized animal. Influence of distension and innervation. PMID- 7209430 TI - Vesico-ureteral reflux in non-paediatric patients. AB - In the period 1968-1975 we treated 55 female and 19 male adolescent or adult patients for vesico-ureteral reflux (v. u. r.) to a total of 116 renal units. The reflux was primary in 69 units, secondary in 20 and or mixed type in 27 units. It was of moderate degree in 50 units, 31 (62%) of which showed radiologic nephropathy. Of the 18 units with gross reflux, 16 (89%) showed nephropathy. Re implantation of 75 ureters in the bladder ad modum Politano-Leadbetter was followed by cessation of reflux in 66 units (88%), with cure of symptoms and bacteriuria in a corresponding number of patients. Infravesical surgery or antibacterial medication were less effective when used alone. Two patients with severely impaired renal function (serum creatinine greater than 440 mumol/l) failed to improve, despite technically successful surgery. Primary v. u. r. in adolescents and adults has often been present since childhood, and many of these patients show radiologic evidence of nephropathy. Effective antireflux treatment should be given early, in order to prevent progressive renal damage. PMID- 7209431 TI - Inactivation of Epodyl in aluminium foil cups as a cause of ineffective treatment of non-invasive bladder tumours. AB - Over a 5-year period 38 patients were treated at Rigshospitalet with intravesical instillation of Epodyl for multiple, non-invasive bladder tumours. The results were significantly inferior (p less than 0.00025) to those reported from other hospitals, though the composition of the case series was comparable. Analysis of procedure at Rigshospitalet revealed that when Epodyl was mixed with water in aluminium foil cups, which was standard practice at the outpatient department, the concentration was halved in 5 minutes. Ineffective treatment thus had been unwittingly given. The results, however, do not warrant rejection of Epodyl treatment; they may instead constitute direct evidence in it favour. PMID- 7209432 TI - Methodological aspects of renography in children. AB - Kidney function in children by renography has been evaluated. For reproducible results a high degree of standardization with respect to position, hydration and dosage was necessary. The wide range of kidney size and depth in children requires age-adapted collimators. For practical use for different size have been constructed for the age-groups: less 1 year, 1-5 years, 6-9 years and 10-15 years. A reduction in the surrounding activity of the kidneys is thereby obtained and disturbing influence from the bladder or contralateral kidney is prevented. Kidney function variables from the renogram are presented in terms of uptake and excretion ratios. The correlation between sum of uptake ratios and clearance measurements is good in cases with slight or moderate difference in kidney size. The standardized renographic technique has many advantages for kidney function measurements in children. The method is applicable in all ages, it is simple and reliable without extensive preparations and requires a low radiation dose. Also in children we can confirm the previous opinion obtained in adults that renography is a clinical valuable method of measuring kidney function. PMID- 7209433 TI - Kidney size in normal children measured by sonography. AB - Kidney length and depth were measured by sonography in 46 normal children fro 0 to 16 years of age. Sonography was used to obtain kidney measurements without the known magnification caused by factors of chemical and photographic nature seen by urography. The results of our study were used to control the age-adapted equipment for renography in children. There was a good correlation between kidney length and depth and variables like age, weight, height and body surface area. The best values were found in the correlations to body surface area. We could confirm the previous findings by other methods of kidney size measurements in children that there is no significant difference in kidney length between boys and girls. The left kidney is slightly longer than the right one and the kidney centre distance is slightly but significantly larger on the left side. No such difference was present in the distance skin to kidney surface. PMID- 7209434 TI - A simple method of background subtraction in two-detector renography. AB - To increase the accuracy in the routine measurement of the side distribution of kidney function from 131I-Hippuran renograms, a simple method of background subtraction has been developed. Principally a background curve was adapted to the renogram on each side, assuming an initial amplitude corresponding to the amplitude of phase I of the renogram. The amplitudes of the renogram over background after 2 min is recognized as a measured of kidney function and a background quotient was calculated by dividing the background curve amplitude at 2 min with its initial amplitude. Mean values of the background quotient recorder over thorax was 0.62 and over an empty kidney region 0.73. It was found that a quotient of 0.70 could be used generally, thus omitting the need for a background curve registration at each renographic examination. PMID- 7209435 TI - Kidney split function in children. A comparative study between renography and planimetry from urography. AB - The suitability of the background-subtracted renogram as a method for separate kidney function in children was evaluated by comparison with planimetry of the individual renal parenchymal area measured from urography. In different groups of renal disorders the total kidney function as reflected by the glomerular filtration rate has been compared with the sum of right and left renal parenchymal areas. The percentage side distribution of kidney function estimated from the renogram combined with measurements of total glomerular filtration rate has been correlated to individual renal parenchymal area. A good correlation was found for both total and separate measurements. A moderate scatter around the regression lines has to be taken into consideration when kidney function is judged from planimetry. A highly significant correlation was observed between renography and planimetry for the percentage distribution of kidney function, indicating that both methods are well suited for determining the side distribution of kidney function. For calculation of individual kidney function, combination of renography and 51Cr-EDTA-clearance offers a reliable method with a modest dose of irradiation. PMID- 7209436 TI - Sulphonamide as hemolysis-promoting factor in uremia. AB - Nine out of 39 uremic patients treated with sulphonamides because of urinary tract infection developed hemolysis. Heinz-bodies were seen in all cases. In uremic patients a defect of the HMP metabolic pathway renders these patients susceptible to hemolysis when treated with oxidant drugs. PMID- 7209437 TI - Adrenal scintigraphy in primary aldosteronism caused by an aldosterone producing adenoma. AB - Adrenal scintigraphy with 131I-19-iodo-cholesterol was performed in 13 hypertensive patients with biochemical disturbances suggesting an aldosterone producing adenoma. The actual presence of an adenoma was subsequently confirmed in all cases. An asymmetrical tracer uptake (lateralization) was seen in 7 patients and in 6 of these the adenoma was located in the adrenal with the higher uptake. In one patient a large necrotic tumour was not visualized and a faint contralateral accumulation was wrongly taken to represent a tumour. In 6 patients the scintigram was non-lateralizing. In these highly selected patients a lateralizing scintigram had a high diagnostic specificity and at present adrenal scintigraphy should be the method of first choice in the preoperative side prediction. However, the sensitivity is low: a non-lateralizing scintigram does not exclude the presence of an aldosterone-producing adenoma. PMID- 7209438 TI - The effects of physical training on high level spinal lesion patients. AB - Seven chronically institutionalised high level spinal lesion subjects participated in an exercise program, five days per week for seven weeks. Anthropometry, spirometry and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was measured initially and at the end of seven weeks. Subjects generally followed a common training program. No significant changes were noted in the anthropometric and spirometric measurements. A significant increase (34%) in minute ventilation was recorded, and this was accompanied by significant increases in VO2 max 0.764 +/- 0.341 to 1.03 +/- 0.419 1 x min-1 (P less than 0.01) and wheelchair treadmill time 502 +/- 340 to 766 +/- 249 sec (P less than 0.05). The exercise program had no significant effect on maximum or recovery heart rates. Many subjects had subjective comments on improved psychological state. The significant changes in VV2 max, VE, and wheelchair treadmill time indicated that high level spinal lesion subjects can exhibit an improved cardiovascular function through regular aerobic exercise. PMID- 7209439 TI - Wheelchair driving. Evaluation of a new training outfit. AB - A training apparatus for wheelchair drivers has been constructed. Its purpose is to offer an alternative for outdoor training or in indoor halls. Wheelchair driving/training is performed on a simple system of rollers (originally designed for racing cyclists), which was tested by 10 skilled wheelchair drivers (participants in the Swedish national wheelchair basketball team) and 6 unskilled wheelchair drivers. Maximal working tests have been performed and compared with arm ergometer work. The results show that skilled wheelchair drivers are subject to a greater load on the oxygen transport system during wheelchair work on rollers as compared with arm ergometer work. This is probably because they are capable of increasing their working muscle mass in wheelchair driving by engaging the muscles of the trunk. Corresponding differences cannot be found for the unskilled wheelchair drivers. Wheelchair work on rollers also offers an adequate neuromuscular training for this category of participants in 'wheelchair' sports. PMID- 7209440 TI - Attitudes towards disability expressed by spouses of stroke patients. AB - A report is given on attitudes to disability expressed by spouses of patients disabled by cerebrovascular accident. In a sample of 79 spouses overprotection and unrealistic attitudes were a more common response than rejection or retributive guilt feelings. Attitudes of retributive guilt, rejection, unrealistic aims and overprotection in the spouse were not significantly related to the presence or absence of aphasia. PMID- 7209441 TI - Effectiveness of combined methods of physiotherapy for post-mastectomy lymphoedema. AB - In an attempt to reduce the oedema developing after mastectomy in 39 breast cancer patients, a number of physiotherapy techniques were applied in various combinations over 6 months. The techniques included massage, isometric exercises and an elastic sleeve. In the first week of the daily treatment a decrease of 11 13% in the volume of oedema was recorded, but in the next 3 weeks the benefit achieved declined sharply. To maintain the reduction in volume of the swollen arm, an elastic sleeve was applied. During the 4 weeks that the sleeve was worn there was no significant increase in volume. There was a correlation between an objective reduction in the volume of the arm and the patient's rating of the improvement. PMID- 7209442 TI - Multiple operations in the rehabilitation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - There is often a need for multiple orthopaedic operations and other interventions in rheumatoid arthritis. A material of 78 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, all of whom have had one or two total hip replacements (THR) is presented. At the last follow-up examination it was found that these patients had undergone 5.6 orthopaedic operations on the average because of their rheumatoid arthritis. About 60% of the patients wore specially fitted shoes, and about 50% of the patients had received financial help to improve their homes or to find other accommodation more suited to their disability. PMID- 7209443 TI - The phases of the stride and their interaction in human gait. AB - The temporal relations between the phases of the stride have been investigated in 23 subjects of both sexes and with an age from 20 to 70 years. They were requested to walk freely in five different speeds from very slow to very fast. Equations defining the relations between the different phases of the stride have been set up as well as equations of regression for stride length and cadence versus velocity, for cadence versus stride length and for the phases of the stride versus stride duration. The equations may be used to predict expected values from known velocities and stride durations in pathological cases and help to explain the interaction between different phases of the stride. In pathological cases they may therefore be used for a better understanding of the dynamic relations between the primary disturbance and the compensating postural reactions. PMID- 7209444 TI - Persistence of waddling gait after total hip replacement for congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 7209445 TI - The motor balance of the fingers of the open hand. An experimental study using a gonio-electromyographic technique. AB - The object of the present study was to shed light on the manner in which motor systems balance the fingers in the hand's opening phase in anticipation of a flexion grip. Using a previously described technique of gonio myographic recordings, the author performed a number of experiments in an attempt to demonstrate the mutual balance between the opening and grip-closing motor systems and between the extensor digitorum and the lumbrical system. The experiment involving execution of a normal precision flexion grip revealed that passive tension of the flexor dig. profundus under the influence of the lumbrical system was capable of balancing the extended fingers not just distally but even proximally against the extensor digitorum. The interplay between the active and passive forces of the opening and grip-closing motor systems respectively ensures continuity of motor balance throughout the gripping action. The experiments concerning the mutual balance of the extensor and lumbrical systems revealed that the functional task of the extensor, i.e. to create a basal grip size, provides the functional basis for lumbrical's operation in balancing the distal phalanges in a gripping position. As regards the flexion grip, the lumbrical system, by altering the grip size, serves as a regulating mechanism in the mutual balance of the hand's opening and closing. On the basis of the results of the present study the author outlines some fundamentals for exercising the hand in order to restore the flexion grip. PMID- 7209446 TI - Rehabilitation of unilateral below-elbow amputees with myoelectric prostheses. AB - A rehabilitation program is described for unilateral below-elbow amputees resulting in prosthesis acceptance in 9 out of 16 patients 1-4 years after application. The features of the program were information and early training of stump muscles after amputation, application of prosthesis as early as possible, and extensive information and follow-up at regular intervals for about one year. Technical service was given special attention and each patient had access to a spare prosthesis. At a follow-up examination the results of two functional performance tests were compared with a subjective clinical rating and with a rating of acceptance. The functional tests yielded equally much information about function as the conventional clinical ratings. Technical skill in controlling the prosthesis was found not to be related to acceptance. PMID- 7209447 TI - Dynamic motor capacity in spastic paresis and its relation to prime mover dysfunction, spastic reflexes and antagonist co-activation. AB - Dynamic motor capacity was studied in 24 patients with spastic paraparesis (18 cases) or hemiparesis (6 cases). Torque was recorded with an isokinetic dynamometer in voluntary dynamic knee extensions and flexions at maximum effort and in passive movements at preset speeds of 30, 90 and 180 deg . s-1. EMG was recorded with surface electrodes from the quadriceps and the hamstring muscles. The capacity to accelerate motion up to preset speed was deficient in all patients as compared with healthy subjects. The moment of muscle force in movements at maximum effort was generally more reduced in fast than in slow movements. Spastic restraint in passive movements was low in the great majority of legs examined except in the fastest flexion, where about half showed restraint greater than 10 Nm. In a few cases, spastic reflexes were inhibited in voluntary motion. Most commonly, the restraint was greater in voluntary than in passive movements at equal range and speed. In voluntary motion, antagonist restraint was more common at high than at low speed of motion, and when present at low speed, it usually became greater with increasing speed of motion. It often reached a considerable magnitude, as estimated from EMG and may constitute a crucial component in the motor handicap. PMID- 7209448 TI - Prevalence of male alcoholism in a cohort observed for 25 years. AB - The purpose of this work was to establish the age-specific prevalence rates of alcoholism syndromes in a cohort defined 25 years ago. Information has been collected by psychiatrists through free, exploratory field interviews subsequently checked against documentary records. Alcoholism was medically defined in three categories (abusers, addicts, and chronics). Drinking symptomatology active within the last year was estimated for 97.6% of the 952 men alive at the cross-section date July 1, 1972. Only three women were diagnosed as current alcoholics (0.3%) and women were excluded from the analyses. The prevalence of alcoholism among men was 9.5% (abuse 3.3%, addiction 2.8%, chronic alcoholism 3.4%). Type and severity of alcoholism were found to have different patterns for different age groups. The number of persons with the more severe forms had increased between 1957 and 1972, most apparent chronic alcoholism in age group 50-59 (from 1.1% to 6.8%). The longitudinal dynamic will be the object of special analyses. PMID- 7209449 TI - Victims of assault attending casualty departments. AB - Victims of assault make up about 8% of all adult injury cases. The purpose of this study was to analyse the personal characteristics and injuries of 518 victims of assault (=case material) and 496 accidentally injured (=controls), selected at random in a large casualty department. The proportion of males was higher among the assault cases than among controls (76 vs. 61%). Assault victims were more concentrated in the age range 15 to 44 years (81 vs. 64%). Fifty per cent of the cases and 8% of the controls were intoxicated, while the rates of chronic misuse of alcohol were 37 and 18%, respectively. Forty seven per cent of the cases and 18% of the controls arrived at night. Assault cases had sustained mostly minor head injuries. However, injuries needing referral to the ENT department or Dept. of jaw surgery were also common. Casualty departments are well suited to victim studies. Additional information as to social background, criminality and psychiatric morbidity of victims is needed. PMID- 7209450 TI - Relation between clinical and autopsy diagnoses, especially as regards cancer. AB - The clinical diagnoses of 377 patients were compared with those derived from autopsy; the incidence, confirmation rate and detection rate were correlated to age, sex and duration of stay in the hospital. The diagnoses were in complete agreement in 75% of the cases; as regards location they differed in 20% and malignancy being unsuspected in 5% of the cases, where vascular diseases were the most frequent clinical findings. Lymphomas and leukemias were overrepresented in the study and had a high confirmation and detection rate, 97% resp. 94%. Tumours of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas were underrepresented and had a low detection rate, 37%, and confirmation rate, 59%. For other tumours the confirmation rate was higher, 84-97%, and detection rate lower, 72-80%. Similar antemortem and postmortem diagnoses were seen most commonly in young patients, regardless of sex and who stayed in the hospital for an extended period of time. PMID- 7209451 TI - Survival patterns following primary prosthetic replacement for acute femoral neck fractures in the elderly. AB - Theoretical statistical models have been used to study survival patterns following primary prosthetic replacement for acute femoral neck fractures in the elderly with special emphasis on the nature of the potential excess mortality following trauma and operation. The chances of our patients surviving given periods of time are well below those of the standard population. The excess mortality has been quantified using the proportional hazard model. The high death rate for our patients is limited to the first 4-6 postoperative months, thereafter the death rate is similar to that of the standard population. Similarly we can show that mortality following surgery is primarily dependent on the age of the patient. Survival probability and expected longevity have been calculated for different age groups. The relative longevity expected for patients below the age of 70 is very good compared with a very reduced expected longevity for patients older than 90 years. The practical consequences of our findings are discussed. PMID- 7209452 TI - A comparison between Finnish immigrants and native Swedes in the greater Stockholm region-social and medical risk indicators of ischemic heart disease. AB - A random sample of 105 Finnish 35-59-year-old male immigrants in the catchment area of Huddinge hospital was drawn and 105 age- and sex-matched native Swedes living in the same area. From the Finnish 71 participated and from the Swedes, 77. Most immigrants had been residing in the region for many years. Many had grown up in medium-sized municipalities in Finland, particularly in the province of Karelia. They differed from the native Swedes with regard to many social variables. Thus, the immigrants had lower incomes, were more frequently exposed to noise at work and reported more sickness absenteeism during the year preceding the study. The immigrants had significantly more often than the native Swedes at least one conventional risk indicator of ischemic heart disease. They were also demonstrated to have abnormally low high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly more frequently than native Swedes. Several of the variables studied did not differentiate the groups from one another. Thus, there was no indication of any difference in total alcohol ingestion or in Type A behaviour prevalence. PMID- 7209453 TI - Resting systolic blood pressure and heart rate at work. AB - A random sample (n = 1050) of the population of a region in central Sweden performed a submaximal exercise test on bicycle ergometers. The participants were men and women aged 18 to 65 taking part in the REBUS study 1969-71 (3). This paper deals with the partial relationship between heart rate at different rates of work and systolic blood pressure measured at rest (SBP) controlling the influence of other predictors of heart rate. It was found that the relationship was non-linear and that individuals with a relatively high SBP had a lower heart rate than individuals with lower SBP. The curvilinear relationship was more pronounced in women and grew stronger with increasing rate of work. PMID- 7209454 TI - Health insurance records in the course of alcoholism. A two-year follow-up study. AB - The Health Insurance Records of 32 male alcoholics were related to outcome after 2 years, with regard to drinking habits, self-esteem, social stability and Temperance Board registrations. The numbers of sickness benefit days were found significantly related to drinking habits (p less than 0.05), self esteem (p less than 0.01), social stability (p less than 0.01) and Temperance Board registrations (p less than 0.001). These levels of significance were generally higher than those between the outcome variables themselves. The number of sickness benefit days was superior to the incidence of sickness in describing the clinical course. Categorization according to the diagnoses did not increase the strength of the relationships with outcome variables. The number of sickness benefit days during the 5-year period prior to the first examination was significantly related to Temperance Board registrations (p less than 0.01) and social stability (p less than 0.05) during the follow-up period but not to drinking habits or self-esteem. No relationship was found between the number of sickness benefit days during this 5-year period and the follow-up period. It is concluded that Health Insurance Records are of use in follow-up studies on alcoholics. PMID- 7209455 TI - Pain from the neck-shoulder region and sick leave. AB - A sample population aged 18 to 65 selected at random in a region of the county of Stockholm was examined in an epidemiological study of met and unmet needs for medical and social services-the Rebus study (3). The study, comprising about 2500 men and women, was conducted from 1969 to 1971. The frequency of neck and shoulder problems was found to increase with age and occupational physical exertion. The frequency of symptoms was higher in women than in men. Those individuals who had to lift 40 (female) 60 (male) kg to do their job exhibited a significantly lower frequency of neck-shoulder problems than others. Sick leave was more common among persons with neck-shoulder problems also when comparisons were made for age, sex, and physical strain at work. PMID- 7209456 TI - Findings at a re-examination of a self-administered questionnaire after two and a half years in a sample of sixty-year-old men. AB - The result of examinations conducted by self-administered questionnaire on two occasions almost three years apart in the same sample of men in their sixties is related. An overall consistency of 87% was found, but the proportion of changed answers differed from 7 to 26% among the nine sections of the questionnaire, the highest rate of change occurring in the section on physical habits. Most changes could be anticipated among men in their seventh decade, the rise in knowledge about cardiovascular diseases among relatives being an exception. PMID- 7209457 TI - Utilization of a hospital emergency department in Stockholm. The effects of age, sex and marital status. AB - Utilization of hospital emergency departments in Stockholm increased by 30% between 1973 and 1977. One of the five health districts, the southwest (SW) district had the highest visiting rates, 40% above average. The Huddinge Hospital, a new university hospital, was opened in the SW district in 1972. Utilization of the Huddinge emergency department was studied over 15 months for a representative sample (17004 people) from the population. By record linkage, information from Stockholm County's Medical Information System was used together with specially collected data from the emergency department. The demographic profile of the catchment area for the Huddinge hospital differs in several respects from the average for Stockholm County. The present work is an attempt to evaluate the influence of three predisposing factors: age, sex and marital status, on the utilization of the emergency department. Compared with non-users the following groups were found to be overrepresented at the emergency department: women aged 15-34, children to unmarried parents, and divorced and widowed men and women. PMID- 7209458 TI - The hospital emergency department as the primary source of medical care. AB - The role of hospital emergency departments has gradually changed, particularly in large urban areas, where these departments have increasingly become outpatient clinics for everyday ailments rather than centres for the treatment of injuries and emergencies. The main objectives for the present study were: (1) to compare the utilization of district general practitioners and the hospital emergency department by a defined population; (2) estimate how many of the visits to the hospital emergency department are general practitioner-type visits. The results demonstrate the pattern of medical care usage in an area with hospital emergency department services which provide a 24-hour availability and open access, while the primary care services are available only during office hours, are understaffed and have limited access. The study is based pm a 1/30 sample (1032 individuals) from the population in the catchment area of a health centre in Stockholm. During the study period (15 months) 30% of the population visited the hospital emergency department, while 15% consulted district general practitioners. Of the visits to the hospital emergency department, 17 per cent were for injuries and between 39 and 64% were general practice-type visits, according to the criteria used in the study. PMID- 7209459 TI - The child and family eight years after undesired conception. The child and family after undesired conception. AB - This survey is a follow-up study, up to the age of 8 years of children reported to have been born from pregnancies not desired by the mother, in Northern Finland in 1966. The data were collected by means of a postal questionnaire sent separately to families and school teachers. Each child was signed a control, born from a desired pregnancy and similar at the time of birth as regards mother's marital status, parity, and place of residence and also the social class of the father. No difference between the groups was found in the emotional development of the children. School performance was poorer among the unwanted children, but the difference was statistically significant only in respect of the need for additional instruction in writing. Evidence was also found that the parents in the control families worried more about the health of their children than did those of the unwanted children. Even when the social standing of the families was matched as regards time of birth, the families with unwanted children showed more downward and less upward social mobility during the intervening 8 years than did the control families, and there were also indications of differences in lifestyle preference between the families. The conclusion was therefore drawn that undesired conception selects a subgroup of less capable families from each social class, and that the differences found in the children can also be explained by differences in social and economic standing between these two groups of families. PMID- 7209460 TI - Mortality of male members of the Danish semiskilled workers' union. Standardization by county. AB - The mortality of male members of the Danish Semiskilled Workers' Union in 1973 has been analysed in an earlier publication. The aim of the present study was to see if previously indicated trends are being maintained after standardizing mortality rates by county for the period 1973-75. Although regional variations are seen, standardization by county produces only slight differences in age and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios. Earlier members of the Semiskilled Workers' Union, especially in younger age groups, are confirmed. Low mortality in older age groups, which show a deficit of deaths from circulatory diseases and other chronic illnesses, suggests the possibility of a survival population effect. PMID- 7209461 TI - Mortality and incidence of chest pain after an exercise intervention programme. AB - One hundred and sixty-six middle-aged Finnish men free of clinical coronary heart disease (CHD), but having at least one CHD risk factor, participated in an 18 month controlled exercise intervention study, one-half as an exercising group and the other half as a matched control group; thereafter all 166 followed a partially controlled exercise programme for the next year. These men formed the intervention group for the present follow-up study covering the subsequent 6 years. The reference group for the follow-up comprised 152 men who fulfilled the same inclusion criteria for the original study as the intervention subjects, but who had been excluded from the study for non-medical reasons, mainly because they could not be pair-matched. Mortality statistics were collected, and a postal questionnaire on chest pain symptoms and physical activity was sent to all of the men 8 years after the start of the study. On CHD death and four deaths occurred in the reference group, and one CHD and no other deaths in the intervention group. Severe chest pain possibly suggestive of myocardial infarction was more common in the reference group than in the intervention group, but no difference was found in angina pectoris symptoms. The level of recent physical activity or smoking did not affect the chest pain symptoms independently. PMID- 7209462 TI - [Discovery of Legionella pneumophila: achievement in modern bacteriology]. AB - The discovery of Legionella pneumophila is described and the clinical and epidemiological aspects of legionellosis (Legionnaire's disease) are presented. "New" pneumonia agents discovered after isolation and description of Legionella pneumophila, and which as yet lack definite designations, are mentioned. Up to June 1980, two additional bacilli not identical with Legionella pneumophila have been described and variously named, i.e. 1. WIGA (probably identical with ALLO), 2. TATLOCK (probably identical with HEBA and PPA). A third potential "new" pneumonia agent, named TEX-LK, must be added although it has been isolated in only one case of pneumonia. PMID- 7209463 TI - [Legionnaires' disease in the Lake Zurich area. Report on 6 sporadic cases]. AB - Six sporadic cases of Legionnaires' disease seen over 13 months in the region of Lake Zurich (Switzerland) are reported. The disease was severe in all cases; 2 patients died while on artificial respiration; 5 patients were heavy smokers; 3 had probably acquired the infection in France. These 6 patients showed the following typical symptoms and signs: fever above 39 degrees C (6 patients), nonproductive cough (4), gastrointestinal symptoms (4), encephalopathy (4), renal insufficiency (5), hepatic involvement (4), bilateral pneumonia (4), and pO2 below 60 mm Hg (4). The disease was diagnosed serologically in all cases and by staining and culturing Legionella pneumophila from lung tissue in one case. The authors propose to treat unusual cases of pneumonia with erythromycin from the outset. PMID- 7209464 TI - [Clinical data on Legionnaires' disease. Report on 8 sporadic cases of Legionella pneumonia]. AB - In 1978 and 1979, eight sporadic cases of Legionella pneumonia were observed in the Berne and Ticino areas of Switzerland. In all cases the diagnosis was established serologically using indirect immunofluorescence. Seroconversion was observed in five patients. In three cases initially high antibody titers decreased progressively. The clinical picture was characterized by acute onset with high fever, frequent chills, and dry cough. Occasional concomitant symptoms included muscular pains, headache, thoracic pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and gastrointestinal and central nervous symptoms. Laboratory findings showed markedly increased BSR as well as slightly increased WBC with a pronounced shift to the left. In all cases, X-ray examinations demonstrated extended, mainly unilateral and often remarkedly peripheral infiltrations of the lung. On the basis of the clinical course, two groups could be distinguished: (a) non complicated cases of pneumonia with rapid improvement within 2-3 weeks; and (b) cases with a protracted sometimes severe course with persistence of the infiltrations up to 4 months and more. All patients with a protracted course suffered from concomitant symptoms. Whereas none of the patients died of legionellosis, two patients died six months later from their underlying disease. Most patients were treated with several antibiotics. In three patients definite improvement occurred only after therapy had been changed to doxycycline. Erythromycin, currently recommended as the drug of choice, was used in none of these cases. PMID- 7209465 TI - [Microbiological aspects of Legionnaires' disease]. AB - Legionella pneumophila was isolated in 1947 but its etiological role was only recognized after the Philadelphia outbreak in 1976. Since then, infections with Legionella pneumophila in patients with so-called atypical pneumonia have been found in different parts of the world in sporadic cases and outbreaks affecting up to several hundred patients. The etiological agent is a bacterium which can be found in dust, mud and water. Transmission to the human most likely occurs through water-cooled air condition units or showers. Air conditioning in hotels, hospitals and offices may transmit the organism and lead to infection which, moreover, is more frequent during the warm season. The diagnosis is based on clinical data and the demonstration of specific antibodies. Isolation of the agent is technically difficult and up to now only approximately 3% of the cases have been confirmed by isolation of the agent. Evidence of Legionella pneumophila infection in Switzerland was obtained by testing stored blood samples from transplanted patients in 1970. Sporadic cases were observed in the period 1977 to 1980. Acute infection was considered in 141 patients on the basis of serological results. Approximately 3% of all pneumonias in 1979 were caused by Legionella pneumophila. Isolation of the etiological agent has been achieved in 3 patients only. PMID- 7209466 TI - [Remarks on the article "Decreased fibrinolytic activity in margins of decubitus ulcers"]. PMID- 7209467 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency. Clinico-pathologic conference]. PMID- 7209468 TI - [Effect of different stress tests on ankle blood pressure in patients with arterial circulatory disorders]. AB - Under normal conditions systolic ankle blood pressure exceeds that at the arm at rest and one minute after exercise, thus rendering the arm-ankle difference negative. In the presence of arterial obstructions this difference is positive at rest or becomes positive after exercise. To determine its value and applicability in a given case, several ways of stress testing have been compared. On average the increase in pressure difference produced by 100 m exercise on a treadmill ergometer over pressure difference at rest followed the equation: delta P100m = 1.53 delta PR + 24.8 mm Hg, r = 0.92. The increase after maximum or 200 m exercise and that after standardized tip-toeing was comparable. Postocclusive reactive hyperemia produced a smaller but still significant increase. When patients were compared after 100 m treadmill exercise, those with stenoses exhibited a greater increase than those with complete occlusions, even though the resting pressure difference was equal. PMID- 7209469 TI - [Myocardial infarction and meteorology]. AB - The authors have investigated retrospectively over two years (1977-1978) a possible relationship between daily admissions for myocardial infarction at the University Cantonal Hospital, Geneva, and the weather. Statistical analysis of 963 emergency patients (572 with patent myocardial infarction and 391 with possible infarction at the admission center) shows that this correlation exists. One weather feature, the warm front, has been identified during which there is a significant increase in the number of coronary cases admitted. This weather situation appears to be a contributory factor in triggering a coronary accident. PMID- 7209470 TI - [Results of in-patient rehabilitation after myocardial infarction]. AB - 431 of 435 patients with recent myocardial infarction completed our clinic's 4 week rehabilitation program in 1979. 235 presented with post-infarction angina pectoris (a.p.). Of these patients, 152 achieved a decrease of one or more a.p. functional classes, 70 remained in the same class and in 12 the symptoms worsened by one or more classes. The mean physical work capacity under maximal bicycle stress test increased by 19 Watt. Overall ventricular arrhythmia frequency under stress remained unchanged from beginning to end of our program. Individual arrhythmia frequency, however, varied widely with or without antiarrhythmic drug therapy. During exercise training, 3 nonfatal cardiac events occurred. There were no fatalities. It is concluded that our training program can be performed relatively safely and that physical work capacity can be increased during the rehabilitation program. PMID- 7209471 TI - [Importance of the blood pressure profile. The general practitioner's viewpoint]. AB - The practitioner's interest in obtaining an ambulatory blood pressure profile by a nontraumatic method is outlined. The Remler 2000 semiautomatic sphygmomanometer has proved to be very helpful in detecting hypertension and following the effect of antihypertensive drugs. The mean ambulatory blood pressure is compared with medical office values. The method described is valuable and useful. PMID- 7209472 TI - [Enhanced alpha adrenoreceptor-mediated vasoconstrictor component in essential hypertension]. AB - Changes in forearm blood flow in response to infusions of the postsynaptic alpha blocking agent prozosin (0.5 microgram/min/100 ml forearm tissue) and of the nonspecific vasodilating drug sodium nitroprusside (0.6 microgram/min/100 ml forearm tissue) into the brachial artery were assessed in 24 patients with essential hypertension (EHT) and in 16 age-matched normotensive subjects (NT). Under basal conditions forearm blood flow was higher in EHT (4.0 +/- 0,2 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.3 ml/min/100 ml forearm tissue, p less than 0.001). Forearm blood flow response to prazosin was greater in EHT than in NT (7.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.3, p less than 0.001) while sodium nitroprusside responses were similar in EHT and NT (13.8 +/- 0.8 vs 13.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 13.0 +/- 0.1, n.s.). These results indicate an enhanced alpha adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstrictor component in EHT and help to explain the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs which interfere with sympathetic control of vascular resistance. PMID- 7209473 TI - [Course of pulmonary involvement in patients with Hodgkin's disease]. AB - 65 patients with Hodgkin's disease and pulmonary involvement were observed during the fifteen years from 1964 to 1978. Polychemotherapy was administered to 24 patients and monochemotherapy to 28. Six of the 24 patients on polychemotherapy reached the four-year limit after diagnosis of pulmonary involvement. The results in the patients on monochemotherapy were significantly worse. None of the male patients lived longer than 28 months. None of the patients with mixed cellularity and lymphocyte depleted histology had a survival of more than one year after diagnosis of the pulmonary involvement. PMID- 7209474 TI - [Use of antibiotics in hospitalized patients. Comparison of medical, surgical and gynecological units]. AB - Antibiotic use was evaluated retrospectively in 1229 patients of a university hospital (Basle, Switzerland). The frequency with which antibiotics were prescribed, the indication, duration of treatment, side-effects and clinical results were compared in relation to various subspecialities. 38.1% of medical, 36.4% of surgical and 24.4% of gynecological patients received one or more antibiotic during hospitalization. The main indications for antibiotic treatment were respiratory infection (57.8%) and urinary tract infections (21%) in medical patients, prophylaxis (38%) and urinary tract infections (23%) in surgery, and urinary tract infections (43%) and adnexitis or endometritis (23%) in gynecology. Amoxycillin or penicillin G were the first-line drugs for respiratory infection, cotrimoxazole for urinary tract infection and cefalothin or cefacetrile for surgical prophylaxis. Patients with endometritis or adnexitis usually received clindamycin in combination with an aminopenicillin. Aminoglycosides were employed in only 9.5% of antibiotic courses. Information on adverse reactions in the records was scanty, only generalized exanthem (13 cases) and nausea/vomiting (2 cases) being specifically mentioned. The therapeutic result was classified by the responsible physician as cure in 50.8% or definite improvement in 16.4% of patients. However, in 118 cases (29.7%) the contribution of antibiotics to the clinical outcome could not be evaluated retrospectively. PMID- 7209475 TI - [Evaluation of pharmacotherapy in general-internal ambulatory care as a possibility of quality control]. AB - The therapeutic process at a medical outpatient clinic is evaluated. 1800 drug prescriptions for 839 patients issued by 9 medical residents from February to March 1980 were collected prospectively and analyzed by retrospective chart review. Although a rather high frequency of drug prescription (0.83 per consultation) was found, the average of 2 drugs per patient treated was considered to be low. Gastrointestinal drugs were prescribed most frequently (17% of all prescriptions), whereas antimicrobial agents (7%), psychotropic drugs (10%) and cerebrovascular vasodilators (0.8%) were used rarely in comparison with the results of other investigations. Evaluation of choice of drugs and frequency of their use was based on criteria from the literature. Analysis of prescribing patterns of the individual residents provided information about their pharmacotherapeutic peculiarities. Drug use of the group was judged to be satisfactory. The accuracy of the diagnostic workup preceding drug therapy was examined, and for 17% of all prescriptions no diagnosis could be found in the medical record. Furthermore, the chart review revealed unsatisfactory documentation of the drug therapy prescribed, i.e. 20% of prescriptions were not recorded. Educational feedback to the group was given to the residents. It was accepted as valuable information about medical behaviour and performance of the individual. PMID- 7209476 TI - [Quality control in health services: why and how?]. PMID- 7209477 TI - [Use of antibiotics in ambulatory care. Results and reflections on a survey of practicing physicians in the canton of Zurich]. AB - To survey antibiotic use in general practice, questionnaires were sent to 1160 practitioners in the Canton of Zurich. 510 (44%) were returned. Antibiotics had been administered for respiratory tract infections in 60% and urinary tract infections in 20% of cases. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, followed by oral penicillin, tetracycline and aminopenicillin were prescribed most frequently. Adverse side effects do not appear to be significant in general practice. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the most frequent infectious diseases occurring in an outpatient population are presented. PMID- 7209478 TI - [Echocardiographic and ergospirometric studies on a federation league football team]. PMID- 7209479 TI - [Fluid intake during long-term exertion]. PMID- 7209480 TI - [Doping control]. PMID- 7209481 TI - [Doping tests in Switzerland]. PMID- 7209482 TI - Addictive behavior. PMID- 7209483 TI - The mind-body problem. PMID- 7209484 TI - Gels. PMID- 7209485 TI - Viroids. PMID- 7209486 TI - The nucleosome. PMID- 7209487 TI - Anorthoscopic perception. PMID- 7209488 TI - The ground substance of the living cell. PMID- 7209489 TI - Conformational fluctuation and change in biological macromolecules. PMID- 7209490 TI - Lessons for the neurosciences from a study of fertilization. PMID- 7209491 TI - Vitamin D and ultra violet radiation. PMID- 7209492 TI - The effects of age and cigarette-smoking on blood and plasma viscosity in men. AB - We measured blood viscosity and its major determinants (haematocrit, plasma fibrinogen and plasma viscosity) in 90 apparently healthy men aged 16 to 80 years. Cigarette-smokers (n = 45) had higher levels of blood viscosity, haematocrit and fibrinogen (p less than 0.001) and plasma viscosity (p less than 0.025) than non-smokers (n = 45). Blood viscosity was still higher in smokers after correction to a standard haematocrit (p less than 0.02). Fibrinogen, corrected blood viscosity and plasma viscosity rose with age in both groups, but young smokers had prematurely elevated levels of these variables and less pronounced rises with age. These results show that age and cigarette-smoking must be considered in studies of blood and plasma viscosity, and provide further evidence for an association between viscosity and arterial disease. PMID- 7209493 TI - Liver disease in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis frequently have hepatosplenomegaly and biochemical features of hepatic disease. A prospective study with liver biopsy has been carried out in a series of 31 rheumatoid arthritis patients with clinical and/or biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction. Four of the 31 (13%) were found to have definable chronic liver disease, normal hepatic histology or non-specific reactive changes being found in the remainder. In the large majority of patients the hepatic abnormality in rheumatoid arthritis remains functional and unexplained. PMID- 7209494 TI - Phagocytic cells in the human inflammatory response. AB - Human phagocytic cells are of crucial importance in the early responses to infection. However, tests of their function have been somewhat neglected in immunological screening. This paper summarises briefly our techniques for studying neutrophils and monocytes in skin abrasions and a simple assay of phagocytic and bactericidal function. These techniques use small volumes of blood and are suitable for inclusion in the early screening of individuals who have repeated bacterial infections. PMID- 7209495 TI - An evaluation of the 14C-glycocholic acid breath test in the diagnosis of bacterial colonisation of the jejunum. AB - In order to assess the performance of the 14C-glycocholic acid breath test as an indicator of bacterial colonisation of the jejunum, 145 combined breath tests and jejunal aspirate cultures were carried out on a total of 50 subjects who had an increased probability of being colonised. Ninety-one of the 145 cultures were positive while only 31 of the breath tests were positive. This poor performance of the breath test relative to the aspirate culture can be predicted with reasonable accuracy from known bile deconjugating capabilities of bacteria found in the small intestine. PMID- 7209496 TI - Acute appendicitis in pregnancy. AB - A retrospective study of appendicitis in pregnancy in Aberdeen has been performed. The incidence, symptoms, findings at laparotomy and outcome are described. Delay in diagnosis is stressed as the casual factor in increased maternal morbidity and high neonatal mortality. PMID- 7209497 TI - Prevention of skateboard injuries. AB - Skateboarding has become extremely popular in the United Kingdom, and it is estimated that over two million skateboards have been sold. Previous surveys have shown the dangers of the sport, fractures of the limbs being a particularly common form of injury. Consequently the provision of skateboard parks and the wearing of adequate protective clothing were considered necessary to reduce to severity of the injuries sustained. Our survey does not support this view, and suggests that fractures are more likely to occur in people with full protective clothing and skating in a park. The reasons for this are discussed. It is also suggested that expert instruction in the use of the skateboard has been neglected as a means of accident prevention. PMID- 7209498 TI - The bone scan in clinical practice. AB - Radioisotopic bone scanning using technetium-99m labelled phosphate and diphosphonate compounds is a relatively new method of imaging the skeleton which has rapidly assumed major clinical importance. In this review of pathophysiology of bone uptake of radiopharmaceutical, the relative sensitivity of bone scan and radiograph, and the more important uses of bone scanning in clinical practice are described. PMID- 7209499 TI - The early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. AB - An outline of modern views on the aetiology of multiple sclerosis is followed by a discussion of diagnosis. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, visual evoked potentials, and other electrophysiological tests are considered. The special problems of optic neuritis, spastic paraparesis, and psychological disorder receive more detailed attention. It is concluded that while the supplementary tests are valuable the diagnosis remains essentially clinical. PMID- 7209500 TI - Academic departments of general practice in Ontario and Scotland. AB - The departments of family medicine in Ontario are compared with departments of general practice in Scotland. The former are mainly involved with postgraduate training and are much larger than the Scottish departments which are primarily concerned with undergraduate teaching. Because of the difference in numbers the full time staff in the Department of Family Medicine at McMaster University were compared with those in all four Departments of General Practice in Scotland. A self-completed questionnaire was used to find out where the full-time academic staff had come from; what they were doing at present; and where they saw academic family medicine going in the future. The results are discussed in the context of health care provision and medical education in Canada and the United Kingdom. PMID- 7209501 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis. AB - Nine patients with pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) are described. Eight patients received prior therapy with antibiotics. Pyrexia and polymorph leukocytosis were common features. Six relapses occurred in four of the six patients who were treated with vancomycin. Two patients who did not receive vancomycin died. PMID- 7209502 TI - The results of surgery for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7209503 TI - The use and abuse of topical corticosteroids in dermatology. AB - Since their introduction almost 30 years ago, topical corticosteroids have made a dramatic contribution to the management of a wide range of non-infective skin disorders. Their principal mode of action is anti-inflammatory and a variety of potencies and vehicles is available. Several important side effects have been described, of which skin atrophy is the most common, but with careful usage the risks are not great. PMID- 7209504 TI - The validity of emergency recommendations for compulsory psychiatric care. AB - Retrospective scrutiny of the documents authorising 240 consecutive emergency detentions to a Glasgow psychiatric hospital over a three-year period revealed that 15 per cent were incorrectly completed. Fourteen documents (5.8%) failed to meet a list of minimum requirements supplied by the Central Legal Office and were therefore invalid. Invalid documentation was associated with a failure to use the recommended form. In practice, these documents were recognised at the hospital of detention and patients were either properly detained, informally admitted, or in three cases, discharged. It is suggested that doctors who make Emergency Recommendations without using the printed form should always discuss the wording of their letter with the receiving psychiatrist who should in turn be familial with the six minimum requirements of the Central Legal Office. PMID- 7209505 TI - A case of giant-cell arteritis and Horner's syndrome. PMID- 7209506 TI - Reactive arthritis following asymptomatic yersinia infection. AB - A case of an acute asymmetrical polyarthritis occurring in a teenage boy is described. This was shown by serological tests to be secondary to a recent infection with Yersinia enterocolitica. Reactive arthritis following infection by this organism is well recognised in Scandinavia. Only recently have two cases been reported in the U.K. (1,2). This is the first reported case in Scotland and is unusual in that the initial infection was asymptomatic. Clinical improvement was associated with falling Y. enterocolitica titres and a reduction in the E.S.R. The patient was HLA B27 positive. It is suggested that all patients presenting with an acute asymmetrical polyarthritis predominantly affecting the lower limbs should be screened by stool culture and serology for recent Y. enterocolitica infection. PMID- 7209507 TI - The impact of natural radioactivity from a coal-fired power plant. AB - In a coal-fired power station burning coal which contained between 14--100 ppm U, 210Pb was detected in the urine of an exposed group of individuals. Chromosome aberrations (complex, numerical and the percentage of total aberrations) were also registered. PMID- 7209508 TI - Evaluation of the potential carcinogenicity of paraffins for medicinal and cosmetic uses--determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AB - A previously developed method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in purified petroleum products was applied to some fully refined paraffin samples for cosmetic and medicinal uses of Italian Pharmacopoeia grade materials. The analytical procedure used provided identification and quantitative assay for ng/g amounts of two well-known carcinogenic PAH, namely benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[b]fluroanthene, together with five other none carcinogenic PAH. The method is sensitive and reliable for routine analysis of PAH content in these paraffins and is compared with very rapid pharmocopoeial tests based on different criteria of quality. The data obtained showed a lack in agreement between PAH content in paraffin samples and the results of pharmacopoeial tests. PMID- 7209509 TI - Understanding the bases of sex differences. PMID- 7209510 TI - Effects of prenatal sex hormones on gender-related behavior. AB - Gender identity depends largely on postnatal environmental influences, while sex dimorphic behavior and temperamental sex differences appear to be modified by prenatal sex hormones. A role of the prenatal endocrine milieu in the development of erotic partner preference, as in hetero-, homo-, or bisexual orientation, or of cognitive sex differences has not been conclusively demonstrated. PMID- 7209511 TI - Postnatal gonadal steroid effects on human behavior. AB - Gonadal steroid hormones, active during fetal life, continue after the birth of a fetus to influence the central nervous system and affect behavior. The characteristically different circulating concentrations of male and female steroid hormones in men and women appear to be partial determinants of certain sexually dimorphic behaviors, interacting in a complex way with psychological and sociocultural factors as well as with other biological factors. This interaction is highlighted in research on testosterone and aggression in men, mood and the menstrual cycle in women, and pubertal sex role reversal in pseudohermaphrodites. PMID- 7209512 TI - Creationists limit scope of evolution case. PMID- 7209513 TI - Two aspects of scientific responsibility. PMID- 7209514 TI - Biggest challenge since the double helix. PMID- 7209515 TI - Vasopressin analogs that antagonize antidiuretic responses by rats to the antidiuretic hormone. AB - Four new synthetic analogs of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) can antagonize the antidiuretic response to intravenous vasopressin in anesthetized, water loaded rats. They also cause a diuresis resembling that of diabetes insipidus when given intraperitoneally to conscious rats. Such antagonists may prove to be useful both pharmacologically and therapeutically. PMID- 7209516 TI - A monosialoganglioside is a monoclonal antibody-defined antigen of colon carcinoma. AB - The antigen of a monoclonal antibody that is specific for cells of human carcinoma of the colon is a monosialoganglioside as determined by the direct binding of antibody to thin-layer chromatograms of total lipid extracts of tissues. Binding of antibody to chromatograms is detected by autoradiography after the application of iodine-125-labeled F(ab')2 of rabbit immunoglobulin G antibodies to mouse immunoglobulins. PMID- 7209517 TI - Nitrogen-13-labeled nitrite and nitrate: distribution and metabolism after intratracheal administration. AB - Radioactive nitrogen-13 from nitrite (NO2-) or nitrate (NO3-) administered intratracheally or intravenously without added carrier to mice or rabbits was distributed evenly throughout most organs and tissues regardless of the entry route or the anion administered. Nitrogen-13 from both anions was distributed uniformly between plasma and blood cells. We found rapid in vivo oxidation of NO2 to NO3- at concentrations of 2 to 3 nanomoles per liter in blood. Over 50 percent oxidation within 10 minutes accounted for the similar nitrogen-13 distributions from both parent ions. The oxidation rates were animal species dependent. No reduction of 13NO3- to 13NO2- was observed. A mechanistic hypothesis invoking oxidation of 13NO2- by a catalase-hydrogen peroxide complex accounts for the results. These results imply a concentration dependence for the in vivo fate of NO2- or nitrogen dioxide. PMID- 7209518 TI - Radiosensitivity of human cells in vitro. PMID- 7209519 TI - Inherited primary hypothyroidism in mice. AB - A new autosomal recessive mutation that causes hypothyroidism has been identified in mice. The gene, herein named hypothyroid (hyt), has been mapped on chromosome 12 approximately 30 units from the centromere. The mutants are characterized by retarded growth, infertility, mild anemia, elevated serum cholesterol, very low to undetectable serum thyroxine, and elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone. Thyroid glands are in the normal location but are reduced in size and hypoplastic. Mutant mice respond to thyroid hormone therapy by improved growth and fertility. These findings suggest that the hyt mutant gene results in primary hypothyroidism unresponsive to thyroid-stimulating hormone. PMID- 7209520 TI - Gene for neuraminidase activity on mouse chromosome 17 near h-2: pleiotropic effects on multiple hydrolases. AB - The low activity of liver neuraminidase that is characteristic of mouse strain SM/J is inherited as a single gene on chromosome 17, near the major histocompatibility complex. This gene, neuraminidase-1 (Neu-1), is represented by the low activity allele Neu-1s in SM/J and the high activity allele Neu-1b in C57BL/6J and most other strains. Previously described variations in the posttranslational processing of acid phosphatase, alpha-mannosidase, arylsulfatase-B, and alpha-glucosidase are attributed to pleiotropic effects of this gene. PMID- 7209521 TI - Malignant potential of murine stromal cells after transplantation of human tumors into nude mice. AB - Human malignant cancer tumors grafted into nude mice produce tumors containing both human cancer cells and the host's stromal cells. After short-term propagation of these tumors in vitro, the murine mesenchymal cells appear transformed and are tumorigenic in nude mice. However, established human cancer cell lines fail to similarly after adjacent murine stromal cells when used to produce tumors in nude mice. These experiments suggest that cancer cells may recruit normal cells to become malignant, qualifying the view of the clonal (unicellular) origin of cancer. PMID- 7209522 TI - Meprobamate reduces accuracy of physiological detection of deception. AB - Normal male subjects attempted to deceive an experimenter recording electrodermal, respiratory, an cardiovascular activity. Those who had ingested a placebo or nothing were detected with statistically significant frequency on the basis of their phasic electrodermal responses, which clearly distinguished them from truthful suspects. That was not the case with deceptive subjects who had ingested 400 milligrams of meprobamate, nor did the examiner detect which subjects had received the drug. PMID- 7209523 TI - Selection of a novel connection by adult molluscan neurons. AB - Predictable change in neuronal connectivity can be induced in the buccal ganglia of adult Helisoma snails when neuritic growth is evoked by axotomy. Both transient and stable novel electrical connections are established between identified neurons. The breaking of inappropriate, normally transient connections is contingent on the formation of an appropriate connection. PMID- 7209525 TI - Visual claustrum: topography and receptive field properties in the cat. AB - A region containing visually responsive cells was found in the dorsocaudal claustrum. This area contains a single orderly map of the contralateral visual field. Like cortical cells, most claustral cells are selective for stimulus orientation. They are binocular, and they respond to either direction of movement and to a broad range of velocities. Their most striking property is a marked preference for very long stimuli. PMID- 7209524 TI - Temporal coding of species recognition signals in an electric fish. AB - An electric fish in the African family Mormyridae recognizes members of its own species by "listening" to electric organ discharges, which are species-specific signatures. Reactions of fish in the field and of individual electroreceptors to both normal and modified computer-synthesized discharges emphasize the importance of the waveform (time-domain cues) in species recognition. PMID- 7209526 TI - Mathematical ability: is sex a factor? PMID- 7209527 TI - Fraud and the structure of science. PMID- 7209528 TI - Vitellogenesis and the vitellogenin gene family. AB - Vitellogenin is synthesized under estrogen control in the liver, extensively modified, transported to the ovary, and there processed to the yolk proteins lipovitellin and phosvitin. In the frog Xenopus laevis there are at least four distinct but related vitellogenin genes. The two genes A1 and A2 have a 95 percent sequence homology in their messenger RNA coding regions, and contain 33 introns that interrupt the coding region (exons) at homologous positions. Sequences and lengths of analogous introns differ, and many introns contain repetitive DNA elements. The introns in these two genes that have apparently arisen by duplication have diverged extensively by events that include deletions, insertions, and probably duplications. Rapid evolutionary change involving rearrangements and the presence of repeated DNA suggests that the bulk of the sequences within introns may not have any specific function. PMID- 7209529 TI - Ethical risks in biomedicine. PMID- 7209530 TI - How conversational are genes? PMID- 7209531 TI - Continuous lines of basophil/mast cells derived from normal mouse bone marrow. AB - Nonadherent tissue culture cell lines were established from normal bone marrow of a variety of mouse strains. The lines possessed morphological and histochemical markers of the basophil/mast cell and contained committed stem cells for metachromatic cells. Their derivation from normal marrow and their lack of tumorigenicity despite long-term culture makes these cell lines potentially important for studies of the mechanisms of allergic reactions and inflammation as well as the differentiation pathways involving this subset of hematopoietic cells. PMID- 7209532 TI - Bovine babesiosis: protection of cattle with culture-derived soluble Babesia bovis antigen. AB - Adult Hereford (Bos taurus) cattle were protected from severe reactions and death caused by the tick-borne protozoan hemoparasite Babesia bovis, 3 months after vaccination with a cell culture--derived immunogen. The immunogen consisted of filtered, freeze-dried supernatant fluid collected from long-term cultures of Babesia bovis in vitro. It was reconstituted with saponin adjuvant and injected twice subcutaneously at 2-week intervals. Serum collected from vaccinated cattle caused thickening of the merozoite surface coat, aggregation, and lysis of merozoites in vitro. This reaction was identical to that caused by serum from immune carrier cattle suggesting that the protective antigen present in culture fluids is merozoite surface coat antigen. No mortality occurred among vaccinated cattle, whereas mortality among unvaccinated cattle and Babesia bigemina--immune cattle was 62.5 percent indicating that immunity to bovine babesiosis is species specific. PMID- 7209533 TI - Alcohol-dependent liver cell necrosis in vitro: a new model. AB - In alcoholic liver injury, necrosis is involved in the progression from benign fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. However, there is no practical model of alcohol-dependent liver cell necrosis. The calcium-dependent killing of cultured rat hepatocytes by two different membrane-active hepatotoxins, galactosamine and phalloidin, is potentiated by ethyl alcohol. This indicates that some general physical effect of alcohol on cellular membranes renders cells susceptible to otherwise nonlethal injuries. The in vitro model described in this report may thus be used to search for a general mechanism underlying alcohol related tissue injury. PMID- 7209534 TI - Astatine-211--tellurium radiocolloid cures experimental malignant ascites. AB - An investigation of the efficacy of astatine-211--tellurium colloid for the treatment of experimental malignant ascites in mice reveals that this alpha emitting radiocolloid can be curative without causing undue toxicity to normal tissue. By comparison, negatron-emitting phosphorus-32 as colloidal chromic phosphate had no antineoplastic activity. The most compelling explanation for this striking difference is the dense ionization and short range of action associated with alpha-emission. These results have important implications for the development and use of alpha-emitters as radiocolloid therapy for the treatment of human tumors. PMID- 7209535 TI - Aerial spraying of 2,4,5-T and human birth malformations: an epidemiological investigation. AB - An investigation of the rate of birth malformations in the Northland region of New Zealand provides no evidence to associate spraying of 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid with the occurrence of any malformation of the central nervous system, including spina bifida. A statistically significant association between spray and malformation is found in the case of talipes. Whether this association indicates a causal relation remains to be established. PMID- 7209536 TI - Multiple paternity in Belding's ground squirrel litters. AB - Sexually receptive female Spermophilus beldingi (Rodentia: Sciuridae) usually mate with several different males. The paternity of 27 litters born in 1977 and 1978 was ascertained by combining field observations of mating with laboratory paternity exclusion analyses. Most of the litters (78 percent) were multiply sired, usually by two or three males. This may be the highest frequency of multiple paternity ever directly demonstrated in a natural population. PMID- 7209538 TI - Circadian variation in the latency of brainstem responses and its relation to body temperature. AB - The auditory brainstem response varies in a circadian rhythm that is negatively correlated with the circadian rhythm in oral temperature. The auditory brainstem responses and oral temperature were recorded every 3 hours from three healthy male subjects during a 2-day period. The data indicate that a reduction of 1 degree C in oral temperature is associated with an increase of 200 microseconds in the latency of wave V of the auditory brainstem response, and of 160 microseconds in the interval between waves I and V. PMID- 7209537 TI - Language-related potentials specific to human language cortex. AB - Event-related potentials following silently named object pictures were recorded directly from the exposed left hemisphere of the human cortex at sites whose relation to naming was subsequently established by electrical stimulation mapping. Two simultaneous potential changes are specific to sites where stimulation disrupts naming: slow potentials as premotor sites and focal desynchronization at posterior sites surrounding the Sylvian fissure. These anatomically specific changes are also specific to the task--present with silent naming and absent in a spatial task with the same visual input. Overt speech is also preceded by slow potentials with earliest onset at premotor sites. PMID- 7209539 TI - Indirect costs of federally supported research. AB - Indirect costs of federally supported research have increased steadily and dramatically since the current indirect cost policy became effective in 1966. The amount of research supported by any given level of federal funding has thus been markedly reduced, and this has become a critical factor limiting research support in the United States. The current policy has had multiple adverse effects that threaten the health of both the federal research program and the universities in which most of the research is conducted. This article examines the background and nature of the current policy, describes its consequences, and proposes simplifying modifications. PMID- 7209540 TI - New ways to use metals for arthritis. PMID- 7209541 TI - Clinical trial of psychotherapies is under way. PMID- 7209542 TI - Influence of calcium ion on the binding of fibrin amino terminal peptides to fibrinogen. AB - The affinity of the amino terminal tetrapeptide of the beta chain of fibrin, Gly His-Arg-Pro, for fibrinogen dramatically increases in the presence of 2 millimolar calcium ion. In contrast, there is no significant increase in the affinity of peptides beginning with the amino terminal sequence of the fibrin alpha chain, Gly-Pro-Arg, in the presence of calcium ions, although the number of binding sites increases. In the latter case, the increased number of sites is due to the alpha chain analogs binding to the site ordinarily occupied by the beta chain analogs. These results indicate that structures at the amino terminus of the fibrin beta chain play a more important role in fibrin polymerization when calcium ions are present. PMID- 7209543 TI - Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing): increased activity in cancer cells. AB - The specific activity of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of de novo uridine 5'-triphosphate biosynthesis, was increased in 13 transplantable hepatomas, particularly in the rapidly growing tumors (5.7- to 9.5-fold), and the rise was correlated with tumor growth rates. Thus, synthetase activity was linked with both hepatic neoplastic transformation and progression. Synthetase specific activity was so elevated in a transplantable sarcoma (18-fold) and a kidney adenocarcinoma (5-fold). The increased activity should enhance the capacity of the pathway and should confer selective advantages to cancer cells. PMID- 7209544 TI - Electroreception in lampreys: evidence that the earliest vertebrates were electroreceptive. AB - Evoked potential and unit responses from the lamprey brain to weak electric fields demonstrate that lampreys have an electrosensory system as sensitive as those of other electroreceptive fishes. Electrosensory responses were recorded in the dorsal medulla, the midbrain torus semicircularis, and the optic tectum. Similarities in the structure of the anterior lateral line nerves and medullary organization between lampreys and several primitive jawed fishes indicate that the electroreceptive systems are homologous in these taxa. Thus electroreception was probably present in the earliest vertebrates ancestral to both agnathans and gnathostomes. PMID- 7209546 TI - National Science Foundation budgets: fiscal years 1982, 1982, and beyond. PMID- 7209545 TI - Brain, lung, and heart functions during diving and recovery. PMID- 7209547 TI - Tale of the orphaned genes. PMID- 7209548 TI - Transformation of paralytic shellfish toxins as demonstrated in scallop homogenates. AB - Toxins in shellfish, which are responsible for paralytic poisonings, undergo reductive transformation when incubated with the homogenate of various portions of the scallop, Placopecten magellanicus. The transformation includes the reductive elimination of O-sulfate groups, a change that is most evident in the locomotor tissue homogenates. The commercially important adductor muscles can also inactivate the toxins. PMID- 7209549 TI - Tritiated thymidine incorporation does not measure DNA synthesis in ribavirin treated human cells. AB - When the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into acid insoluble material was measured, ribavirin appeared to be a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis in KB cells and human lymphocytes. Inhibition was nearly 100-fold less, however, when DNA synthesis was measured by incorporation of phosphorus-32-labeled phosphate or by DNA fluorescence. The potent inhibition detected by incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA actually was the result of a potent effect on the labeling of deoxythymidine triphosphate, not on the synthesis of DNA. PMID- 7209550 TI - Ctenidial autotomy in Corbicula fluminea in response to massive granulomas. AB - Large granulomas (greater than 2 millimeters in diameter), stimulated by the presence of and formed around necrotic larval tissue in the inner demibranchs of Corbicula fluminea, are eliminated by autotomy. Granulocytes invade and destroy ctenidial epithelium adjacent to the granuloma, causing it and the granuloma to slough away into the mantle cavity, where they are removed as pseudofeces. PMID- 7209551 TI - Purified reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: responses to lactate dehydrogenase isozymes from three cell sources. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, E.C. 1.1.1.27) isozymes from three single-cell sources reacted differently with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) purified to published chromatographic and spectrophotometric specifications and free of inhibitors of LDH, when compared with a commercial preparation of NADH. The activity of LDH-1, purified from rabbit erythrocytes, increased the most with inhibitor-free NADH; the next most stimulated were the LDH isozymes from a control hepatocyte line; but hardly responsive at all were the same isozymes from chemically transformed cells. Thus isozyme composition alone did not account for the range of responses to purified NADH. The commercial preparation of NADH used in these studies contains the Strandjord-Clayson inhibitors, the most potent group identified in NADH preparations relative to LDH activity. The results suggest that specific molecular differences in individual isozymes contribute to the differential response to the Strandjord-Clayson inhibitors. PMID- 7209552 TI - Isoguanosine: isolation from an animal. AB - Isoguanosine (oxyadenosine or crotonoside), previously known to occur in nature only in the croton bean, was isolated from an animal, the marine nudibranch mollusk Diaulula sandiegensis. PMID- 7209553 TI - Tyrosine increases blood pressure in hypotensive rats. AB - Administration of tyrosine, the amino acid precursor of catecholamines, increased blood pressure 38 to 49 percent in rats made acutely hypotensive by hemorrhage; other large neutral amino acids were ineffective. Tyrosine's effect was abolished by adrenalectomy, suggesting that, in hypotensive animals, it acts by accelerating the peripheral synthesis and release of catecholamines. PMID- 7209554 TI - Drug discrimination learning in lead-exposed rats. AB - Lead acetate (0.02 or 0.5 percent) was administered to dams throughout the lactation period with half of the litters continuing on lead after weaning. Drug thresholds for d-amphetamine were determined by using the drug-discrimination learning paradigm. All the offspring that had been exposed to lead were less sensitive to the stimulus properties of d-amphetamine irrespective of whether or not they had continued on lead after weaning. PMID- 7209555 TI - Eusociality in a mammal: cooperative breeding in naked mole-rat colonies. AB - Laboratory observations on a field-collected colony of 40 Heterocephalus have shown that only a single female breeds. The remaining individuals constitute two or three castes, each containing both sexes and distinguishable by size differences and the tasks they perform. These features, together with long life spans, overlap of generations, cooperative brood care, and possible age polyethism provide parallels with the eusocial insects. PMID- 7209556 TI - Food colors and behavior. PMID- 7209557 TI - Blood group immunochemistry and genetics. Introduction. PMID- 7209558 TI - Blood group immunochemistry and genetics. PMID- 7209559 TI - Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing -- an overview. PMID- 7209560 TI - Infants of adolescent mothers: perinatal, neonatal, and infancy outcome. PMID- 7209562 TI - The adolescent father. PMID- 7209561 TI - Psychosocial risk to mother and child as a consequence of adolescent pregnancy. PMID- 7209563 TI - Adolescent age and obstetric risk. PMID- 7209564 TI - Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing: what we have learned in a decade and what remains to be learned. PMID- 7209566 TI - Metastatic visceral calcification identified by bone scanning. AB - The scintigraphic abnormalities with radionuclide bone scanning observed in a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma associated with hypercalcaemia are described. Abnormal uptake of 99mTc-pyrophosphate was noted in the lungs, stomach, myocardium, kidneys, and thyroid, indicating metastatic visceral calcification. A scan performed 72 h later when she was normocalcaemic showed marked reduction in the accumulation in the myocardium and thyroid. In a further scan, 18 months later, no extraosseous uptake was present. A review of 26 reported cases of visceral metastatic calcification with scintigraphic abnormalities indicates that the changes in this patient were more widespread and that in only two of the previous cases similar total resolution had been observed. The reasons for the discrepancy between the incidence of visceral calcification on autopsy and on scintigraphic examination are discussed in relation to the aetiological factors. It is concluded that bone scanning offers a useful method for identifying visceral calcification, except when associated with uncomplicated renal failure, and is valuable in detecting this abnormality in patients with hypercalcaemia and in the assessment of response to therapy. PMID- 7209565 TI - Lipoblastic tumours of somatic soft tissues: a xerographic evaluation of 67 cases. AB - The role of xeroradiography for the diagnosis and the clinical evaluation of lipoblastic tumours of somatic soft tissues was investigated in 67 patients. Xeroradiography improved the visibility of soft tissues over film radiography in 20 out of the 23 cases in which both examinations were performed. The xeroradiographic characters of a lipoblastic tumour depend on its nature, thus irregular and infiltrative masses are usually liposarcomas, while regular and rounded nodes are usually pure or mixed lipomas. Moreover, pure lipomas are always radiolucent and liposarcomas are always radiopaque. Xeroradiography is regarded as a promising first technique in the diagnosis of lipoblastic tumours, before more complex investigations, like computed tomography (CT) scanning or arteriography, are undertaken. PMID- 7209567 TI - Radiological criteria of industrial fluorosis. AB - The bone radiographs of 43 potroom workers in an aluminium factory, on whom the diagnosis of industrial fluorosis had been confirmed by bone biopsy, are compared with radiographs from 18 control subjects. A higher frequency of ossification of ligament, tendon, and muscle attachments is observed among the fluoride exposed subjects. These changes increase with the bone fluoride content. The presence of hyperostosis is an important aid in the diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis. However, this radiological sign has to be complemented by clinical data and estimation of the concentration of urinary fluoride. Final confirmation of the diagnosis is obtained by bone biopsy. PMID- 7209568 TI - A comparative estimation of the combined cortical thickness of various bone sites. AB - Measurement of the cortical thickness of long bones is the best method of quantitatively diagnosing osteoporosis. Combined cortical thickness (CCT) is as good as, or better than more complicated indices. In osteoporosis studies, the problem lies in finding a physiologically consistent bone site . The CCT of the lower shaft of the humerus showed the lowest coefficient of variation in this homogeneous female population and the addition of both CCT values further reduced the variability. It is suggested that the humeral site is significantly superior to the metacarpal sites and that the variability is small enough to give clinically useful information in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. PMID- 7209570 TI - The epiphyseal spur. AB - A small spur seen at the edge of an open epiphyseal line indicates the presence of an open epiphysis when this is not clear radiographically. In addition, the spur should not be mistaken for an avulsion fracture. PMID- 7209569 TI - The radiologic findings in posterior mediastinal chordoma. AB - A 14-year-old girl with a posterior mediastinal chordoma is described. Computed tomography is helpful in defining the extent of the soft tissue mass. Osseous changes related to the presence of the chordoma are described. A review of the pertinent literature is presented. PMID- 7209571 TI - Case report 120, probable bone infarcts in long bones secondary to pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7209572 TI - Case report 123: osteoid osteoma of the tibia with removal confirmed on specimen tomography. PMID- 7209573 TI - Case report 125: aneurysmal bone cyst terminal phalanx of the first toe. PMID- 7209574 TI - Spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity and severe, progressive kyphoscoliosis. AB - 1. Spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia with progressive, severe kyphoscoliosis and gross joint laxity is a distinctive entity. The clinical and radiographic manifestations of seven affected children are presented and it is concluded that this disorder is probably more common than previously suspected. Autosomal recessive transmission is likely. 2. Skeletal survey is indicated in all patients with infantile idiopathic scoliosis, kyphosis, or kyphoscoliosis. In this context, radiographic studies of the pelvis may be of great diagnostic value. 3. Referal for expert orthopaedic management is essential for all patients with this disorder, as profound disability with pulmonary and spinal complications may be expected. PMID- 7209575 TI - Ten section approach to computed tomography of the pelvis. AB - This report describes a simplified anatomic approach to computerized tomography of the pelvis. This approach is based on the recognition of certain key features or landmarks in ten characteristic sections. These sections can be obtained routinely by using the L5 vertebral body as an initial reference point and then scanning sequentially at two centimeter intervals. These ten sections offer a relatively complete overview of the pelvis in most patients, and can serve, therefore, as a protocol for rapid screening. PMID- 7209576 TI - Computed tomography feature of synovial osteochondromatosis. AB - Synovial osteochondromatosis in the knee joint is rarely a confusing diagnostic problem. Diagnosis depends on the clinical circumstances of the case and a radiologic interpretation which can exclude soft tissue tumors with calcifications and other malignant tumors characterized by the presence of multiple osteo-cartilaginous bodies. The relative value of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of synovial osteochondromatosis is emphasized and the differential diagnosis discussed. PMID- 7209577 TI - Malignant transformation of extra-articular synovial chondromatosis: report of a case. AB - A 47-year-old woman had a chondrosarcoma arise in extra-articular synovial chondromatosis near the ankle. A review of the literature suggests that this lesion is rare and that proper interpretation of histopathologic preparation of cartilage lesions can be difficult. PMID- 7209578 TI - Late recurrence of giant-cell tumor of bone: pharmacoangiographic evaluation. AB - Late recurrence (more than five years) of benign giant-cell tumor of bone is uncommon. Two patients were evaluated by angiography, including injection of vasoactive drugs, because of osteolytic lesions developing six and seven years after primary operation for benign giant-cell tumor. Angiography established a probable recurrence in both cases. Angiography also permitted accurate evaluation of tumor extension, facilitating pre-operative planning. Giant-cell tumors are predominantly hypervascular lesions. Angiographic evaluation is therefore recommended when a recurrent lesion is suspected. PMID- 7209579 TI - Skeletal changes in congenital fibrinogen abnormalities. AB - We report an anatomico-radiologic study of humerus, femur, and tibia from a case of total congenital afibrinogenemia. Juxtatrabecular hemorrhages occur mainly in metaphyses and seem to be related to normal lines of stress. They may lead to the formation of intraosseous cysts and to a remodelling of bone trabeculae. The radiologic lesions in a second case, diagnosed as congenital dysfibrinogenemia, are similar to those found in Case 1 (femoral trabeculae remodelling) but also resemble some alterations described in hemophilia (pseudotumor of the right iliac bone). Anatomic study of the lesions in Case 2 was not possible. The significance of these observations could be better defined by a more extended skeletal study (radiologic and when feasible anatomic) of patients with congenital clotting defects and especially with inherited disorders of the fibrinogen molecule. It would also be worthwhile investigating manifest or latent hemostatic disorders (particularly at the fibrinogen level) in patients with solitary or aneurysmal bone cysts, and even with bone infarct or unexplained trabecular remodelling. PMID- 7209580 TI - Ungual tufts in the follow-up of patients on maintenance hemodialysis. AB - A recent publication showed the earliest signs of renal osteodystrophy in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) to occur in the tufts [1]. We present three patients on MHD, in two of whom the earliest unequivocal radiographic improvement was seen in the tufts. The third patient had been on MHD and, following subtotal parathyroidectomy, showed significant osseous improvement in the hands with relatively equal improvement in the hands with relatively equal improvement in the tufts and middle phalanges. It appears that, with the use of routine primary or secondary magnification, the tufts are radiographically a highly sensitive site for both the early occurrence and improvement of osteodystrophy in patients on MHD. We are not aware of any previous publication pointing out exclusive improvement in the tufts in patients on MHD with virtually no change in the mid-phalanges. Two of these three cases illustrate that renal osteodystrophy is reversible by maintenance hemodialysis alone. PMID- 7209581 TI - Unusual complication of soft tissue calcifications in chronic renal disease: the articular erosions. AB - A rare complication, articular bone erosions adjacent to peri-articular calcifications, was observed in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis. Three cases are described and the discussion describes the pathogenesis of the lesion, which, as far as is known by the authors, has not yet been reported in the literature. PMID- 7209582 TI - Intraosseous lymphangiomas of the mandible. AB - Central lymphangioma of bone is a rare entity which has not previously been reported in the English language literature as occurring in the mandible. Two cases of intraosseous lymphangioma of the mandible from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology are presented. While these lesions have clinical and radiographic features similar to hemangioma of bone, they do not pose the surgical hemorrhage control problems of hemangiomas. Solitary lymphangioma of bone may share similar histologic features with the disease entities systemic cystic angiomatosis and massive osteolysis. These latter two entities may cause complicated clinical management problems; curettage, however, is adequate therapy for solitary, localized lymphangioma of bone. PMID- 7209583 TI - Case report 126: secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy associated with excavating pulmonary metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7209584 TI - Case report 127: mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of soft tissues of thigh. PMID- 7209585 TI - Case report 128: lipoma of the calcaneus with bone infarct. PMID- 7209586 TI - Case report 129: Gardner syndrome. PMID- 7209587 TI - Case report 130: hypoplasia of the left pedicle of L2 with abnormal development (hypertrophy) of the superior apophyseal joint and the contra-lateral (right) pedicle of L2. PMID- 7209588 TI - Case report 131: periosteal hemangioma of the fibula. PMID- 7209589 TI - Equity and depression among married couples. PMID- 7209590 TI - Medical pluralism in world perspective. PMID- 7209591 TI - Medical anthropology and development: a theoretical perspective. PMID- 7209592 TI - Medical pluralism and homoeopathy: a geographic perspective. PMID- 7209593 TI - The layperson's perception of medicine as perspective into the utilization of multiple therapy systems in the Indian context. PMID- 7209594 TI - Bomohs, doctors and sinsehs--medical pluralism in Malaysia. PMID- 7209595 TI - The organization and practice of East Asian medicine in Japan: continuity and change. PMID- 7209596 TI - The therapist-spiritist training project in Puerto Rico: an experiment to relate the traditional healing system to the public health system. PMID- 7209597 TI - Medical pluralism on a Guatemalan plantation. PMID- 7209598 TI - [A relatively good result: Western medicine among the Guajiro Indians]. PMID- 7209599 TI - Medical ethics in cross-cultural and multi-cultural perspectives. PMID- 7209600 TI - How does the social science of medicine justify its title to society, science and medicine? PMID- 7209601 TI - Diabetes as a stigmatized condition: the case of low-income clinic patients in the United States. PMID- 7209602 TI - Coping with stigma: lifelong adaptation of deaf people. PMID- 7209603 TI - Dwarfism and social identity: self-help group participation. PMID- 7209604 TI - Adjustment to visible stigma: the case of the severely burned. PMID- 7209606 TI - Socio-economic characteristics of an Amazon urban healer's clientele. PMID- 7209605 TI - Familism and hospital admission in rural Nigeria--a case study. PMID- 7209607 TI - Traditional concepts and customs on pregnancy, birth and post partum period in rural Korea. PMID- 7209608 TI - Determinants of hospital utilization and surgery on the Navajo Indian reservation: 1972-1978. PMID- 7209609 TI - The structure of the dental profession and the use of auxiliaries in Latin America. PMID- 7209610 TI - Life events as precursors of coronary heart disease. PMID- 7209611 TI - The development of a scale for assessing attitudes toward illness in patients experiencing a myocardial infarction. PMID- 7209612 TI - Patient attitudes toward health care: expectations of primary care in a clinic setting. PMID- 7209613 TI - Readiness for exercise adoption. PMID- 7209614 TI - Social networks: a promising direction for research on the relationship of the social environment to psychiatric disorder. PMID- 7209615 TI - Psycho-social aspects of increasing drug abuse: a postulated economic cause. PMID- 7209616 TI - On the noncompliant research subject in a study of medical noncompliance. PMID- 7209617 TI - Views from the clinic: doctors, jobs and money in the U.S.A. PMID- 7209618 TI - Professionalism and community responsibility. PMID- 7209619 TI - Social roles and health status among women: the significance of employment. PMID- 7209620 TI - Myopia and corrective lenses. PMID- 7209621 TI - Patient benefits from medical measures: results in an outpatient clinic for internal medicine. PMID- 7209622 TI - Job satisfaction in general practice: implications for prescribing. PMID- 7209623 TI - Innovation in community care and general practice: a study in interpretations of a day hospital. PMID- 7209624 TI - A survey of unproven cancer remedies and their users in an outpatient clinic for cancer therapy in Finland. PMID- 7209625 TI - Acute illness behavior: a conceptual exploration and specification. PMID- 7209626 TI - The elderly and their doctors. PMID- 7209627 TI - The ideal dentist. PMID- 7209628 TI - The image of the dentist. PMID- 7209629 TI - Psychotropic drug registration in the Scandinavian countries: the role of clinical trials. PMID- 7209630 TI - Growth of psychiatric beds in Japan. PMID- 7209631 TI - Incarceration and blood pressure. PMID- 7209632 TI - Activity patterns of a stroke rehabilitation unit. PMID- 7209633 TI - Clinical oral health status and adult perceptions of oral health. PMID- 7209634 TI - Translating social science concepts into medical education: a model and a curriculum. PMID- 7209635 TI - Supporting the family: a study of the organisation and implications of hospital provision of holiday relief for families caring for dependants at home. PMID- 7209636 TI - Survey of health problems of overseas students. PMID- 7209637 TI - Marital status, health, illness and service use. PMID- 7209638 TI - Evaluating the interview in primary care medicine. PMID- 7209639 TI - Doing care plans in patient conferences. PMID- 7209640 TI - The communication of medical information in general practice consultations as a function of patients' social class. PMID- 7209641 TI - A comparative study of referrals to a local authority intake team with a general practice attachment scheme and the resulting social workers' interventions. PMID- 7209642 TI - Religion and health. PMID- 7209644 TI - [Raising the quality and the effectiveness of mass medical screenings for miners]. PMID- 7209643 TI - [Content and scope of the activities of the modern district pediatrician]. PMID- 7209645 TI - [Work organization of student sanatoria and preventive care centers]. PMID- 7209646 TI - [Work with young medical specialists]. PMID- 7209647 TI - [Public health in the 10th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7209648 TI - [Effect of social hygiene factors on the occurrence of cardiovascular pathology in managerial workers]. PMID- 7209649 TI - [Pathological characteristics of persons suffering from hypertension, ischemic heart disease and rheumatism]. PMID- 7209650 TI - [Hygienic instruction of miners in preventing cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7209651 TI - [Experience in teaching scientific work organization in courses to improve the qualifications of public health administrators]. PMID- 7209652 TI - [Methodological bases for studying the social hygiene problems of scientific and technical progress]. PMID- 7209653 TI - [Basic continuity problems in the leading components of public health]. PMID- 7209654 TI - [Complete dispensary care for the population]. PMID- 7209655 TI - [Ways to increase the work efficiency of examination rooms]. PMID- 7209656 TI - [Further improvement in medical care for the rural population]. PMID- 7209657 TI - [Operational experience of an automatic polyclinic management system]. PMID- 7209658 TI - [Prediction of the morbidity level using the method of least squares of exponential-type approximating function]. PMID- 7209659 TI - [Role of information organs in introducing scientific achievements into practice]. PMID- 7209660 TI - [Experience in training physicians for foreign countries]. PMID- 7209661 TI - [Basic traits of the medical demographic processes in the USSR and abroad]. PMID- 7209662 TI - [Social hygiene aspects of industrial hygiene]. PMID- 7209663 TI - [Economic improvement problems of public health]. PMID- 7209664 TI - [Correlation of physical development and morbidity in children]. PMID- 7209665 TI - [Chronic bronchitis incidence (based on epidemiological survey data in the Latvian SSR)]. PMID- 7209666 TI - [Ways to improve the organization of therapeutic nutrition in a large city]. PMID- 7209667 TI - [Organization of therapeutic and preventive care for children in child homes]. PMID- 7209668 TI - [Trends in the health dynamics of the population]. PMID- 7209669 TI - [Culture and society's health]. PMID- 7209670 TI - Spinal deformity in idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis. AB - Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis is an unusual condition appearing in the prepubertal child who is otherwise normal. Characteristically, the condition is of variable severity and of limited duration and always affect the spine. One of the major complications of idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis has been residual kyphosis. The present paper reports two cases of this condition and reviews the literature. The results of treatment with a Milwaukee brace in one case have been particularly gratifying and would indicate that brace treatment should be considered when this condition is encountered. PMID- 7209671 TI - Thoracolumbar spine fractures. Results of treatment. AB - Sixty-three patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures treated between 1972 and 1978 were placed into six treatment groups: fusion and instrumentation alone, laminectomy with fusion and instrumentation, laminectomy alone, laminectomy with fusion without instrumentation, fusion alone, and no operation. Patients were interviewed and examined and their histories reviewed; new radiographs were obtained, and a detailed questionnaire was answered. No treatment method improved neurologic function. Fusion with instrumentation allowed earliest ambulation with least spinal deformity. Most patients in all treatment groups adjusted effectively to their injuries and remained active in employment and hobbies. A detailed, thorough rehabilitation program gave best functional results and patient attitudes. PMID- 7209672 TI - The incidence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in nonambulatory patients. AB - Radiographs were obtained of the lumbosacral spines of 143 patients that had never walked. The frequency of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis was determined, as well as that of other spinal abnormalities. The average age of the patients was 27 years, with a range of 11 to 93 years. The underlying diagnoses responsible for the nonambulatory status varied, but cerebral palsy predominated. No case of spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis was detected, and when compared to the 5.8% incidence in the general population, this finding is significant at the P less than 0.001 level. The incidences of spinal bifida (8.4%) and of transitional vertebrae (10.9%) are similar to those found in the general population. Scoliosis was found in 49% and vertebral body height was increased in 32.9%. Degenerative changes occurred in only 2.8%. These results support the theory that spondylolysis and isthmic spondylolisthesis represent a fatigue fracture resulting from activities associated with ambulation. PMID- 7209673 TI - Pseudoinfection of the lumbar spine. A report of two cases. PMID- 7209674 TI - Congenital os odontoideum with Klippel-Feil anomaly and fatal atlanto-axial instability. Report of a case. PMID- 7209675 TI - Spontaneous cervical spinal fusion. A complication of halo-pelvic traction. PMID- 7209676 TI - Back muscle strength and weight limits in lifting burdens. AB - When lifting loads, the muscles of the back, rather than the ligaments and the bony structures of the spine, should overcome the gravitational forces. Formulas, based on measurements of the back muscle strength for prediction of maximum loads to be lifted, have been worked out and tested in practical situations. From tests with 50 male and female subjects, the simplest prediction formulas for maximum loads were as follows: for men, maximum load = 1.10 X isometric back muscles strength; for women, maximum load = 0.95 x isometric back muscle strength minus 8 kg. PMID- 7209677 TI - Analysis of loads on the lumbar spine. PMID- 7209678 TI - Preoperative personality characteristics as predictors of postoperative physical and psychological patterns in scoliosis. AB - Four adaptive personality characteristics (trait anxiety, active--independent orientation, emotional poise, and level of cognitive development) were evaluated preoperatively in 50 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing spinal surgery. Postoperatively, three indices of physical recovery (quantity of analgesics taken, elimination difficulties, and number of days to discharge) and two of psychological state (anxiety and depression) were rated. Two of the four adaptive personality characteristics correlated significantly with postoperative physical and psychological reactions. Quantity of analgesics taken, elimination difficulties, anxiety, and depression were significantly related to (viz., predicted by) preoperative trait anxiety. Quantity of analgesics taken and anxiety were significantly related to level of cognitive development. Preoperative degree of curvature was significantly related to postoperative quantity of analgesics taken. Duration of the scoliosis was significantly associated with level of cognitive development, but not with postoperative physical or psychological adjustment. PMID- 7209679 TI - The use of intra-abdominal pressure in evaluating stresses on the lumbar spine. AB - Intra-abdominal pressure measurements correlate with intradiscal pressures and myoelectric activity of the trunk muscles and are useful determinants of spinal stress. Measurements made in industrial situations using a radio pill allow analysis of stresses imposed by different tasks. PMID- 7209680 TI - Disc pressure measurements. AB - By measurement of intradiscal pressure in vitro, the hydrostatic properties of the nucleus pulposus of normal lumbar intervertebral disc were proven. The hydrodynamic properties seem to exist also in the somewhat degenerated disc, but not in the more severely deranged ones. Intravitally-performed measurements of disc pressure over the last 20 years in more than 100 individuals have demonstrated how the load on the lumbar disc varies with the position of the subject's body and during the performance of various tasks, both in standing and in sitting. Compared with the pressure of load in the upright standing position, reclining reduces the pressure by 50-80%, while unsupported sitting increases the load by 40%, forward leaning and weight lifting by more than 100%, and the position of forward flexion and rotation by 400%. Large augmentations in pressure were also observed in subject performing various commonly prescribed strengthening exercises. PMID- 7209682 TI - [The operated stomach in double contrast]. PMID- 7209681 TI - Studies of relationships between lumbar disc pressure, myoelectric back muscle activity, and intra-abdominal (intragastric) pressure. PMID- 7209683 TI - [New radiological methods in specialist publications]. PMID- 7209684 TI - [Tumor therapy with fast neutrons]. PMID- 7209685 TI - [Intersexuality and abnormalities of the female genitalia in childhood. X-ray diagnosis and therapy aspects]. PMID- 7209686 TI - [Requirement for patient information in x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 7209687 TI - [Metal and ceramic x-ray tube]. PMID- 7209688 TI - [Nosocomial infections in urological departments]. PMID- 7209689 TI - [Cooperation between the urologist and microbiologist]. PMID- 7209690 TI - [Incidence and etiopathogenesis of hospital infections in urologic departments]. PMID- 7209691 TI - [Complex urodynamic investigation of the lower urinary tract]. PMID- 7209692 TI - [Differential radiologic diagnosis of true and false kidney tumors]. PMID- 7209693 TI - [Histochemical examination as an aid in the evaluation of prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 7209694 TI - [Computer tomography in deciding on the operability of a testicular neoplasm metastasis in the retroperitoneum]. PMID- 7209695 TI - [Granulomatous orchitis]. PMID- 7209697 TI - [Treatment of acute epididymitis]. PMID- 7209696 TI - [Adjustment of the interior milieu with an ionic beverage in the preoperative preparation of urologic patients]. PMID- 7209698 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Zingg-Tscholl continent ileo-cecal bladder]. PMID- 7209699 TI - [Seminal vesicle cyst with ipsilateral kidney agenesis]. PMID- 7209700 TI - [General electroanesthesia in clinical practice]. PMID- 7209701 TI - [Narcan - an antidote for opiates]. PMID- 7209702 TI - [Peroperative cardiovascular crisis in undiagnosed primary hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 7209703 TI - [Clinical picture and approach to tracheal stenoses and tracheoesophageal fistulae as a complication of prolonged resuscitative care]. PMID- 7209704 TI - [Approach to the central venous circulation via the axillary vein]. PMID- 7209705 TI - Review of prostatectomies at the Johannesburg General Hospital (January 1977 December 1979). PMID- 7209706 TI - Dep-brain stimulation for the treatment of intractable pain. PMID- 7209707 TI - Idiopathic ulcerative colitis in a Zimbabwean African patient. PMID- 7209708 TI - Cancrum oris [clinical reference]. PMID- 7209709 TI - External pancreatic fistulae. PMID- 7209710 TI - Broncholithiasis. PMID- 7209711 TI - Applied physical chemistry for clinical anaesthetists. AB - Physical chemistry is applicable to many aspects of both clinical anaesthesia and research. This review includes applications in: (a) the supply of gases and vapours; (b) some drug interactions, particularly at the site of absorption; (c) the uptake and distribution of the agents; and (d) mechanisms of anaesthesia based on correlations with physical properties. PMID- 7209712 TI - Molecular mechanisms of anaesthesia: do they matter? AB - The study of the critical molecular changes in general anaesthesia is one of the alternative approaches to the central mechanisms. It complements the neurophysiological studies and the work on isolated nerves or subcellular synaptic components. The current concept of molecular actions of anaesthetics is that the agents are present in both the lipid and protein components of the neural membranes. The proteins control the various functions of the membranes and the lipid environments indirectly affect the proteins. Different anaesthetics have different critical sites of action. The basic studies have resulted in a number of clinical applications, including the additivity of potencies and drug interactions. PMID- 7209713 TI - Anaesthesia for the asthmatic. AB - Acute attacks of asthma developing during induction of anaesthesia or intra operatively are greatly feared by anaesthetists, because of the severity of these attacks when they do occur. All patients with asthma should receive optimal therapy aimed at producing maximal reversal of airways obstruction before being submitted to anaesthesia and surgery. Intubation under light anaesthesia without prior local analgesia of the upper airways is undoubtedly the greatest danger for the asthmatic patient and should be avoided at all costs. An understanding of the principles underlying the assessment and management of asthma is important for the anaesthetist, not only for the safe conduct of anaesthesia but also because he will frequently need to give advice on such aspects in the pre- and postoperative periods. PMID- 7209714 TI - Postoperative pulmonary morbidity. AB - Postoperative pulmonary complications, the most common of which are atelectasis and pneumonia, are due largely to the pathophysiological effects on the lungs of anaesthesia and surgery as well as pre-existing disease, in particular chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD). Pre-operative assessment, including pulmonary function tests, will allow the prediction of the risk of pulmonary complications. Active measures can then be introduced to reduce these complications. PMID- 7209715 TI - The surgeon, the anaesthetist, and the bleeding patient. Can the haematologist help? AB - Anaesthesiology is one of the fastest growing specialties in medicine. Conventionally, the expanded responsibilities include control of intravenous infusion of blood, blood components, and plasma fractions. The advances taking place in medicine generally are reflected in the greater sophistication and range of surgical procedures that can be undertaken safely, such as elective operations on patients known to be at risk from bleeding. Their successful outcome depends upon co-ordination between anaesthetist, surgeon and haematologist. This teamwork can be illustrated by considering an approach to the problem of haemostatically unbalanced patients requiring surgical procedures. PMID- 7209716 TI - Evaluation of epidural analgesia. AB - Lumbar epidural analgesia is outstandingly the best and most reliable method of pain relief in labour. It offers great advantages to both mother and child in cases of obstetric or pertinent non-obstetric abnormality. However, it demands care and attention, and requires a conduct of labour which in some cases is different from that to which most clinicians and midwives have been accustomed. It is necessary, therefore, that considerable experience be gained in the range of responses which may be evoked before the service is provided for mothers and infants who are at risk. PMID- 7209717 TI - An overview of obstetric anaesthesia. AB - Service rendered the obstetric patient by the anaesthetist today includes the provision of anaesthesia for operative obstetric intervention, the provision of pain relief during labour and delivery, resuscitation of the infant immediately after birth and intensive care of the seriously ill mother or infant. The technique of general anaesthesia for caesarean section has become standardized and is unlikely to change much in the future. Epidural analgesia, with its well known advantages--no drug-induced depression of the infant and a mother who sees and holds her infant immediately after delivery--is becoming increasingly favoured as an alternative to general anaesthesia. This technique is also playing an increasingly important role in the provision of analgesia during labour. Lastly, the anaesthetist with his expertise in pharmacology and intensive care medicine can make a major contribution to the supportive care of the seriously ill mother or infant. PMID- 7209718 TI - The risk of cancer. PMID- 7209719 TI - Apnoeic diving black-out. PMID- 7209720 TI - Latency and successive reaction time in Parkinson's disease--the effects of carbidopa and amantadine. PMID- 7209721 TI - Testing for proper function of anesthetic apparatus. PMID- 7209722 TI - [A detoxification unit of adult black males with a standard treatment regimen]. AB - During the period January-June 1975 a relatively high death rate (8,29%; 33 out of 398 patients) was noted in young Black males clinically diagnosed as suffering from toxic psychosis caused by alcohol. Pellagra, malnutrition and pneumonia were complicating factors. After a trial period of 6 months, a detoxification unit was established for these high-risk patients. A total of 615 high-risk patients (15,12%; 615 out of 4 065) was treated with a standardized regimen during the 2 1/2-year period June 1975 - December 1977. Thirty-three out of 615 patients (5,36%) died during this period, 1,57% of the total number with toxic psychosis due to alcohol abuse (33 out of 4065) over a 2 1/2-year period. This rate compares favourably with the average reported rate of 10 - 15%. Effective treatment of high-risk alcohol-induced states reduces the complications and death rate. PMID- 7209723 TI - [Accelerated diagnosis and interventional radiology in jaundice]. AB - Diagnostic radiology plays a central role in the diagnosis of the cause of jaundice when the clinical picture is not clear. Diagnostic steps for an accelerated diagnosis are presented. In future interventional radiology will also play an increasingly important role in the management of patients with jaundice. PMID- 7209724 TI - Should we pre-oxygenate? AB - The importance of routine pre-oxygenation before induction of anaesthesia was demonstrated in animals. The onset of dangerous levels of hypoxia after the administered of suxamethonium can be delayed considerably by the administration of pure oxygen for 5 minutes before induction. This allows time for an atraumatic and a panic-free intubation before controlled ventilation. After pre-oxygenation the volume of oxygen in the functional residual capacity of the lungs shows a sixfold increase. This is the principal oxygen store during apnoea. PMID- 7209725 TI - Faulty inflation and deflation of urethral balloon catheters. AB - Attention is drawn to the faults encountered with urethral balloon catheters, with particular reference to difficulties with inflation and deflation of the balloon. Needle puncture has been found to be a simple method of removing catheters that cannot be deflated by the usual methods. PMID- 7209726 TI - Congenital radial clubhand with absence of the thumb. A case report. AB - A case of bilateral radial clubhand with absence of thumb is presented. The incidence in the African population is not known and this is the first case reported from Botswana. The child was free from other associated anomalies. The ratio of surgery and/or physiotherapy is discussed. PMID- 7209728 TI - Right of appeal against decisions of the South African Medical and Dental Council. PMID- 7209727 TI - Carcinoma of the oesophagus - an appeal. PMID- 7209729 TI - Tay-Sachs disease in South Africa. PMID- 7209730 TI - [Epistaxis as the presenting sign in measles]. PMID- 7209731 TI - Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels by juvenile diabetics. PMID- 7209732 TI - Exploitation of the nursing profession. PMID- 7209733 TI - Hypernatraemic dehydration. A prospective study in children with diarrhoeal disease. AB - Hypernatraemia occurs in a significant number of infants with dehydrating diarrhoea. There are some diagnostic clinical features, but these are not specific, and without routine electrolyte estimations many with hypernatraemia would go undetected. The standard fluid therapy schedule used at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital gave satisfactory results in both hypernatraemic and non-hypernatraemic patients. It is suitable for use in situations when electrolyte estimations on all patients are not possible. PMID- 7209734 TI - [Radionuclide exercise gated studies in female patients with positive exercise electrocardiogram]. AB - Radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has been determined in a group of 14 female patients at rest and during graded supine bicycle exercise. One group consisted of 9 patients complaining of chest pain and demonstrating positive exercise electrocardiography (EECG), but with normal contrast angiographic results. The second group of 5 patients had a normal response to EECG and was used as a control group. LVEF increased markedly in both groups during exercise. This study confirms the known fact of high false-positive EECG in female patients and that exercise radionuclide LVEF response can be used as a final screening test for cardiac catheterization in female patients demonstrating positive EECG. PMID- 7209735 TI - A survey of learning problems in black primary school children. AB - A survey of the prevalence and types of learning disorders among Black primary school children was undertaken on the East Rand. Class teachers were given a questionnaire and asked to identify the number of children in their class with learning problems and the number of those with specific disabilities such as poor eyesight or hearing, epilepsy, physical handicaps or mental retardation. There were 7516 children in the classes surveyed; 1692 (22,4%) of them were identified by their teachers as having learning problems, while 666 (8,7%) had a physical or mental handicap. The prevalence and present status of children with learning disability need to be defined before plans to improve their education can be established. Our data show that at present classes are large and the prevalence of children with learning problems is high. Improving teachers' skills and reducing the number of children per class might improve the education of children with learning problems. PMID- 7209736 TI - A study of a family with inherited disease of cardiac and skeletal muscle. Part III. Genealogical considerations and associations with low intelligence. AB - A family with inherited cardiac and skeletal muscle disease was also found to have members with low intelligence. The effects of social and environmental conditions upon the behaviour of family members are described, with particular attention to the sociomedical problems created by the combination of a hereditary disease and low intelligence. PMID- 7209737 TI - Adverse effects of a combination of diazoxide and hydrallazine therapy. AB - Three case reports are presented to emphasize the potentially hazardous complications resulting from the administration of diazoxide to patients concurrently being treated with other vasodilator and catecholamine-depleting agents. PMID- 7209738 TI - [Postmenopausal endometrial tuberculosis, A report of 2 cases and a literature survey]. AB - Postmenopausal endometrial tuberculosis is an uncommon condition. Two patients with this disease, 1 of whom also presented with a pyometra, are described. They were the only 2 patients with this disease out of 21742 patients admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Hospital. Both were treated with standard antituberculosis drugs for 9 months. No further episodes of postmenopausal bleeding occurred during or directly after treatment, and a follow up hysteroscopic examination showed a completely atrophic endometrial lining. PMID- 7209739 TI - Ethical and legal aspects of clinical trials of drugs. PMID- 7209741 TI - Methodological principles for locating hospitals. PMID- 7209740 TI - [Method of interpolation of economical-medical data with the aid of a computer in the determination of the economic efficiency of an occupational dispensary]. PMID- 7209742 TI - The socialist countries collaboration for the environment hygiene. PMID- 7209743 TI - Role of information and of decision-making in the field of supply and consumption of medical preparations. PMID- 7209744 TI - [Certain problems of functioning in the modern hospital]. PMID- 7209745 TI - Economic and medico-social aspects of the family planning. PMID- 7209746 TI - Assets of the elderly as they retire. AB - This study, using data from the Retirement History Study, indicates that as older Americans enter their retirement years, their property wealth is generally very limited and can seldom be expected to be much help in maintaining their preretirement standard of living. Although most older Americans own some form of assets, the value of these assets is generally quite small. Equity in the home is usually the most important form of asset for the elderly; liquid or income producing assets are generally very limited in amount. Only a small proportion of respondents have substantial asset wealth. Married men are much more likely to own homes than nonmarried men and women, and are also more likely to own liquid assets of any magnitude. PMID- 7209747 TI - Price and income changes for the elderly. AB - It is widely believed that inflation is harmful to the elderly. Two frequent arguments in support of this belief are that some important income sources for the elderly are less than fully indexed to inflation and that the elderly spend heavily on goods and services whose prices rise faster than the average inflation rate. This article focuses on both the income issue and the expenditure issue. The first part of the article evaluates the question of whether an economy-wide consumer price index is an adequate measure of the cost of living for the elderly population. The evaluation is made by constructing a consumer price index using expenditure weights that are more appropriate for the elderly population. It is found that over the 1967-79 period the movement of this constructed index was very similar to that of the economy-wide index. The constructed index did grow slightly faster than the economy-wide index, however. The second part of the article focuses on changes in average real incomes of the elderly over the 1970 77 period. Two dimensions of income changes are examined. First, the incomes of families headed by persons aged 65 or over are compared at different points in time. It is found that average real income of this age class was 10 percent higher in 1977 than in 1970. Second, the 1970 and 1977 incomes of the cohort of families headed by persons aged 65 or over in 1970 are compared. It is found that average real income of this cohort fell by 4 percent between 1970 and 1977. PMID- 7209748 TI - Cancer of the pancreas: a dilemma in treatment. AB - The debate about what operation to perform for pancreatic cancer will, it is hoped, soon be ended. Individual philosophies will continue to dominate reason, but whatever one's philosophy or favorite operation, a critical look at surgeon's morbidity and mortality versus his or her patients' survival must dictate what will be done. The most optimistic five-year survival rate dose not exceed 5 per cent, and I believe the mortality must be lower than this. I suspect that disappointments with total pancreatectomy and more drastic operations will continue to be registered. As is the case with many neoplasms that, unfortunately, tend to be systemic, local measures are futile. Progress will be made by looking for better ways to extirpate these lesions and by an understanding of why there is an increase in pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7209749 TI - Percutaneous drainage in the management of hepatic abscesses. PMID- 7209750 TI - The failing liver. PMID- 7209751 TI - Physiology of pancreatic secretion. PMID- 7209752 TI - Analysis of recurrence patterns following curative resection for carcinoma of the colon and rectum. AB - The records of 525 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum were reviewed. Two hundred and eighty-five patients were evaluable following complete curative resections. These patients were evaluated for patterns of recurrence. The over-all recurrence rate was 78 of 285, 27 per cent. The over-all recurrence rate by site was 24.0, 10.0, 11.5 and 35.0 per cent for the right, transverse and left colon, the sigmoid and the rectum, respectively. The over-all failure rate by stage was 13 per cent for Stage A, 11 per cent for Stage B1, 32 per cent for Stage C1, 37 per cent for Stage B2-3 and 56 per cent for Stage C2-3. The over-all failure rate as related to Stages A, B1, C1, B2-3 and C2-3 and to site of primary disease was: right--zero, 9, 33, 28 and 43 per cent, sigmoid--11, 15, 40, 52 and 62 per cent; rectal group--29, 14, 40, 46 and 60 per cent as related to respective stages. There was one failure among the five patients with Stage B2-3 disease in the transverse group and two failures among the nine patients with Stage B2-3 and one failure in the one patient with Stage C2-3 within the left colon group. Individual types of failure were compiled. Lesions involving the rectum and sigmoid colon had a significant local-regional component to relapse. Tumors of the right, transverse and the left colon had a significant distant recurrence rate. Factors of primary site, age at diagnosis, extent of disease and histology were reviewed as to the over-all recurrence and specific failure sites. From this analysis, a schema involving patterns of failure as related to primary site and stage within the colon, rectum and sigmoid were developed. PMID- 7209753 TI - Site of alpha blockade in the demonstration of nonvagally mediated gastric acid secretion. AB - Results of previous reports from this laboratory have indicated that electrical centripetal vagal stimulation in the dog that has a bilateral vagotomy evokes mucus secretion from the pyloric antrum and produces an inhibition of motor activities from the stomach to the terminal ileum. We have subsequently observed that electrical central vagal stimulation after the administration of the alpha adrenolytic, phenoxybenzamine to these preparations results in general augmentation of gastrointestinal motor activity. It was also determined that electrical central vagal stimulation, using the same stimulus parameters that were stimulatory for mucus secretion, now resulted in significant increases in both volume and titratable acid secretions. The intact arterial pressor response during periods of electrical central vagal stimulation which enhanced gastric acid output in the dog that had a bilateral vagotomy eliminates the possibility that the mechanism of acid release involves the necessary suppression of the systemic pressor reflex. It is further concluded that the acid-enhancing effect of phenoxybenzamine appears to be limited to the pyloric antrum, even though the acid is secreted from the corpus. This suggests that the neural portion of the acid effect is confined to the antrum. We have successfully demonstrated that the acid-enhancing reflex effect is associated with a definite rise in the concentration of circulating gastrin. PMID- 7209754 TI - Acute adhesive obstruction of the small intestine. AB - A review of the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction revealed many hazards of long intestinal intubation therapy. When compared with those patients treated by fluid and electrolyte repletion and laparotomy within 24 hours, patients treated by prolonged tube suction had a longer hospital course, 22.6 versus 15.3 days; longer postoperative ileus, 7.4 versus 6.5 days, and greater technical problems at operation. This latter group also had a greater incidence of extensive postoperative complications and erroneous diagnoses. Long tubes were successful in only 21 patients and were most ineffective in those with complete obstruction as observed on roentgenograms. Patients with a prior abdominal surgical procedure, absence of any signs of strangulation and partial small bowel obstruction on roentgenograms, may be treated initially by long tube decompression and careful monitoring. Lack of definite improvement in 24 hours demands laparotomy. The value of intraoperative intestinal decompression is questionable. PMID- 7209755 TI - Effect of colectomy upon ammonemia and glutaminemia in rats with stricture of the portal vein. AB - Current theories on the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy indicate that intestinal bacteria produce cerebral toxins, such as ammonia; colectomy has been proposed in the treatment of chronic portal systemic encephalopathy. This study was undertaken to evaluate the evolution of ammonemia and glutaminemia during a four month period in rats after a colectomy, with and without portal vein stricture. Groups of nine rats were studied: group 1 served as control study, total colectomy was performed on the rats in groups 2 and 3, but a gradual stricture of the portal vein was produced in the rats of group 3 and group 4 that had not had a colectomy. The ammonia levels were stable in groups 1 and 2, 48 +/- 2 milligrams per 100 milliliters; in group 3, ammonia levels rose significantly one week after portal vein stricture, 136 +/- 10, and decreased progressively until the end of the first month, 70 +/- 10, although in group 4 of the ammonia level always remained higher than in this one. The levels of glutamine decreased after colectomy in group 2 and rose markedly in both groups 3 and 4 during the first week but persisted at the same level only in group 4. These data confirm the importance of hepatic clearing of portal blood in ammonia and glutamine metabolism and underline the importance of the colon as the main, but not exclusive, site of splanchnic ammonia and glutamine production. The improvement in hepatic encephalopathy observed after removal of the colon may be due to the reduced output of these two substances. PMID- 7209756 TI - Use of the radioreceptor assay for human chorionic gonadotropin in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. AB - Since unrecognized ectopic pregnancy is a potentially lethal condition, there is a need for an accurate, rapid, sensitive and specific method for measuring low levels of human chorionic gonadotropin that may be observed in ectopic pregnancy. The Biocept-G test is a commercial modification of the radioreceptor assay for human chorionic gonadotropin. The test is performed in one hour and has a sensitivity of 200 milliinternational units of human chorionic gonadotropin per milliliter of serum. This study consisted of 15 patients with proved tubal ectopic pregnancies who were evaluated with the Biocept-G assay. All of the patients had a positive test result. By comparison, the two hour urine tube test result was positive in only eight and negative in seven patients. The two minute urine slide test result was positive in only six and negative in nine patients. The Biocept-G test was found to be simple to perform, quick and reliable, and the cost was comparable with that of the less accurate immunoassays. With the advent of the radioreceptor assay for human chorionic gonadotropin and the radioimmunoassays for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, the presence of a positive pregnancy test result may be the most reliable diagnostic aid in helping to recognize early ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7209757 TI - Age at operation and the results of truncal vagotomy and gastroenterostomy for chronic duodenal ulcer. AB - Truncal vagotomy and posterior, no loop gastrojejunostomy is a safe and expedient procedure for chronic duodenal ulcer. A proved recurrence rate of only 1.5 per cent was noted at a mean of 10.5 years after operation in a 94 per cent follow-up study of 290 surviving patients from a consecutive series. One of the most striking features has been the identification of the relationship between age at operation and outcome. Life does, indeed, appear to begin at 40. If the decennial age groupings at operation are reviewed considering postoperative patients attaining the fifth decade of life. In the surgical treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer, the present operation is advocated for patients older than 40 years of age. It is suggested that other treatment be sought for those less than 40 years of age. If this group cannot continue with medical treatment, then a reasonable choice of operative procedure would seem to be proximal gastric vagotomy. PMID- 7209758 TI - The ultrastructure of chronic radiation damage in rat skin. AB - Chronic radiation skin ulcers were produced in rats with the administration of 5,000 or 8,000 rads. Electron microscopy revealed two phases of damage, the first from seven to 14 weeks and the second from 14 to 54 weeks. In the first phase, significant nuclear and cytoplasmic degeneration was prominent. During the second phase, lysosomes were common along with unusual cytoplasmic inclusions. Myofibroblasts were observed in the second phase only, suggesting that delayed would contraction in radiation ulcers was the result of the delayed onset of myofibroblast development. PMID- 7209759 TI - Prophylactic digitalization preoperatively of patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the hemodynamic effect of prophylactic digitalization before major surgical procedures. Sixteen patients, all admitted for an elective vascular operation for arteriosclerotic disease and all with impaired left ventricular function, were investigated. In half of the patients, digitalis was given before the operation, the other half of the patients served as the control study. The measured parameters were pulmonary artery mean pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, blood volume and arterial, as well as venous, oxygen content. Preoperatively, before digitalization, no significant differences were noted between the two groups at rest and during exercise. Before anesthesia and postoperatively, those given digitalis had improved cardiac function. Those in both groups, however, had a normal hemodynamic response to the surgical trauma. In this study, a definite answer is not provided concerning the usefulness of prophylactic digitalization but an increase in the ability of the digitalized heart to withstand the imposition of a pressure load postoperatively is suggested. PMID- 7209760 TI - Portacaval shunt for familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia. AB - Two patients with heterozygous familial type 2 hypercholesterolemia are reported upon following treatment with end-to-side portacaval shunting. In both, the portacaval shunt decreased the cholesterol level by about 40 per cent. No adverse effects of the operation could be seen in either patient at 30 months, and no return of cardiovascular disease is evident in either patient. In one patient with large xanthelasmas, the lesions became a much duller yellow color and regressed from an elevated to flat appearance. However, the margins of the lesions did not change significantly. In young patients with heterozygous type 2 hypercholesterolemia in whom cardiovascular complications pose a major threat to life, a portacaval shunt is an effective means of reducing the cholesterol level. The benefits to the patient outweight the risks of operation. In one patient, an anxiety reaction developed which her psychiatrist related to a stressful situation. There were no clinical signs of encephalopathy, no response to protein restriction and a minimal elevation of the serum ammonia level, 86 versus 70 micrograms per cent as the upper limit of normal. PMID- 7209761 TI - Surgical management of metastases to the lung. AB - Our experience with 234 patients having resection of metastatic lesions of lung is reviewed. Most bilateral lung metastases were removed though a median sternotomy. Exploration of the contralateral lung with simultaneous removal of all lesions is possible through such an incision, and moreover, it appears to give less pain postoperatively. The over-all median survival time of the patients was 21.4 months, with a surgical mortality of 2.6 per cent. The therapeutic results were analyzed according to various factors. Incomplete resection and the presence of a positive hilar mediastinal node, or both, resulted in poor survival rate of the patients. Generally, the survival rates of the patients were found to be proportional to the disease-free interval and the tumor doubling time. Patients with a solitary lesion and those with two lesions removed had the best survival time. There was no difference in the survival rates of patients with unilateral and bilateral pulmonary multiple metastases. Treatment of metastases to the lung should be carefully planned in consultation with physicians who are acquainted with the natural history of the primary tumor, as lung resection is a part of the multimodal therapy of patients with solid tumor. PMID- 7209762 TI - Prediction of survival or death of patients in a state of severe shock. AB - In previously normal patients in a state of severe shock, a prolongation of partial thromboplastin time above 100 seconds due to shock, an elevation of lactic dehydrogenase above 500 units per milligram, an elevation of serum glutamicoxalacetic transaminase above 125 units per milliliter, an elevation of serum glutamic-pyruvate transaminase above 60 units per milliliter, an elevation of lactate above 52 milligrams per milliliter are grave signs and predict a probable mortality. This does not apply to patients in a state of acute traumatic and hemorrhagic shock in extreme vasoconstriction or treated with vasoconstrictors. An arterial pO2-alveolar pO2 ratio of below 15 per cent indicates a probable mortality, above 30 per cent, a probable recovery. Cardiac index, arterial pH, arterial pO2, blood volume and systemic blood pressure have little correlation with survival. Monitoring coagulation and the intensity of its activity seem to be an effective index of mortality in severe shock in previously normal patients. PMID- 7209763 TI - Surgical treatment of midgut nonrotation in the adult patient. AB - For a period of four years, five adult patients with nonrotation of the intestine and midgut volvulus have been treated. Two distinct clinical presentations were encountered. The chronic presentation is that of colicky abdominal pain, often present for many years, which is corrected by surgical intervention. The acute presentation with strangulation of the intestine may occur without pre-existing symptoms. Knowledge of this entity and a high index of suspicion are necessary for the diagnosis because massive gangrene of the intestine may result from a delay in treatment. Prophylactic surgical treatment in the asymptomatic patient is recommended to prevent this catastrophic occurrence. PMID- 7209764 TI - Surgical treatment of metastases to the lung and liver. AB - We resected 120 pulmonary metastases in 67 patients and 49 hepatic metastases in 38 patients. After surgical removal of pulmonary metastases, 14 patients survived five years; without surgical therapy, only one patient survived. As for the prognosis, as many as four resected pulmonary metastases are unimportant. In instances of several metastases, resections should be performed carefully and as rarely as possible. After lobectomy, nine patients have survived for five years; after wedge excisions, four patients have survived for five years, and after bilobectomies or pneumonectomy, one patient has survived for five years. If the lungs are the first filter of hematogen metastases, more patients survive for five years than if the liver is the first filter. With a prolonged free interval period, the prognosis is better. The tumor-doubling time must not influence indication. After resection of hepatic metastases, four patients survived for five years. The prognosis is more favorable for patients with solitary metastasis and if local resection will be sufficient. When the primary tumor and hepatic metastases are removed at the same operation, the prognosis is better than in an instance of delayed diagnosis and removal. If the liver is the first hematogen filter for cleaned off cells of the primary tumor, the survival rates are higher than when the lungs are the first filter. PMID- 7209765 TI - Surgical treatment for nipple discharge. PMID- 7209767 TI - Publications and a confession. PMID- 7209766 TI - Exposure of the periesophageal space. PMID- 7209768 TI - A prospective study evaluating preoperative gastric secretion and choice of an operation for duodenal ulcer. AB - This study tests the hypothesis that vagotomy and antrectomy are better operations than proximal gastric vagotomy in patients with duodenal ulcer who have a hypersecretion of acid. On the basis of gastric secretion tests preoperatively and the peak acid output, patients with duodenal ulcer were prospectively randomized into an ignore acid or tailor to acid group. Those in the ignore acid group had a proximal gastric vagotomy, while those in the tailored group had a proximal gastric vagotomy if the peak acid output was less than 40 milliequivalents per hour and a vagotomy and antrectomy if the peak acid output was greater than 40 milliequivalents per hour. At follow-up study, a mean of 2.1 years, the recurrence rate in the ignore acid group was 13.6 per cent compared with 9.5 per cent in the tailored group. However, in the ignore acid group, the recurrence rate was 30 per cent if the peak acid output was greater than 40 milliequivalents per hour and zero per cent if less than 40 milliequivalents per hour. In the tailored group, the vagotomy plus antrectomy recurrence rate was 12.5 per cent and the proximal gastric vagotomy rate, 7.7 per cent. Proximal gastric vagotomy has an unacceptably high recurrence rate in patients with a hypersecretion of acid, and selective duodenal ulcer operations based upon acid studies preoperatively may be of value. PMID- 7209769 TI - Diagnostic value of the white blood count and neutrophil percentage in the evaluation of abdominal pain in children. AB - Only 15 of 382 patients with appendicitis had a normal white blood count and neutrophil percentage. Abnormal counts are nonspecific and are elevated in other inflammatory conditions, such as those which are observed in the patients of group 2. A much higher number of patients with negative laparotomy findings had both a normal white blood count and neutrophil percentage. The real value of the white blood count and neutrophil percentage is in selecting patients who can be observed safely rather than undergoing operation. This may decrease the incidence of negative exploratory findings. It is essential to give priority to the physical findings and to use the white blood count and neutrophil percentage only as part of the over-all clinical evaluation. PMID- 7209770 TI - Oculoplethysmography and pulsed Doppler ultrasonic imaging in diagnosis of carotid arterial disease. AB - The individual and combined diagnostic accuracy rates for fluid-filled oculoplethysmography and pulsed Doppler ultrasonic imaging in the detection of extracranial carotid artery insufficiency were calculated. Results of the two techniques were compared with those of contrast arteriograms which were available for 109 patients, 210 arteries, for computations of sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivities for oculoplethysmography and ultrasonic imaging were 84 and 87 per cent, while specificities were 87 and 81 per cent, respectively. These values were not significantly, p greater than 0.05, different. Results of oculoplethysmography and ultrasonic imaging agreed in four-fifths of the arteries, producing a sensitivity of 98 per cent and a specificity of 97 per cent. In the remaining arteries, the results of the two tests did not agree, resulting in a sensitivity of 71 per cent and a specificity of 79 per cent. Fluid filled oculoplethysmography and pulsed Doppler ultrasonic imaging are diagnostic tests of comparable accuracy which, when used together, provide accurate hemodynamic and anatomic information in the diagnosis of extracranial carotid arterial disease. PMID- 7209771 TI - Clinical benign disorders of the breast and carcinoma of the breast. AB - Among 2,506 women with breast disorders seen in consecutive consultations, 345 had carcinoma. Clinical benign breast disorders occurred 6.3 times as frequently as carcinoma of the breast. The lifetime risk of clinical benign breast disorder was calculated to be more than 50 per cent. Clinical benign breast disorders occurred chiefly in young women and carcinoma occurred chiefly in older women. Thus, clinical benign breast disorders precede carcinoma because of the age at which the disorders occur. The incidence of a previous benign biopsy in women with carcinoma was 10.4 per cent and was estimated to be at least 8.2 per cent in the general population. Only a small number of women with carcinoma had previous benign biopsy. The likelihood of finding carcinoma in those women with a previous benign biopsy was 9.2 per cent and in those without 14.6 per cent. Thirty-one of the 36 patients with carcinoma of the breast with a previous benign biopsy were more than 50 years old and 18 were more than 60 years old. It is concluded that women with clinical benign breast disorders do not have an increased risk of having carcinoma of the breast develop. PMID- 7209772 TI - Effects of fluid resuscitation on total fluid loss following thermal injury. AB - Plasma volume loss, cardiac output and hematocrit values have been measured in anesthetized dogs receiving a 15 per cent total body surface area third degree flame burn before and two, four and six hours postburn. One group of dogs received no fluid resuscitation. Five groups of dogs received fluid resuscitation with varying percentages of albumin added to the Ringer's lactate solution. Results of this study show that total fluid loss from the vascular bed increased as the result of fluid resuscitation. The amount of increase in total fluid loss was dependent upon the percentage of albumin in the resuscitation fluid. The higher the percentage of albumin, the lower the amount of total fluid loss. Following fluid resuscitation, cardiac output improved and the hematocrit level decreased toward normal. The amount of change of these variables was also related to the percentage of albumin in the resuscitation fluid. The greatest improvement in these variables was observed in that group of dogs receiving the greatest percentage of albumin in the resuscitation fluid. These results demonstrate that the administration of resuscitation fluid improves cardiovascular function following thermal injury and that the amount of improvement is related to the percentage of albumin present in fluid used for resuscitation. PMID- 7209773 TI - Mechanical versus pharmacologic prevention of deep venous thrombosis. AB - The prevention postoperatively of deep venous thrombosis was studied using three different regimens in 227 patients undergoing surgical procedures. Seventy-six patients received 5,000 units of heparin subcutaneously and 0.5 milligrams of dihydroergotamine twice a day. In 76 patients, intermittent pneumatic compression of the legs was applied preoperatively and postoperatively with active physiotherapy. The last 75 patients received subcutaneously 5,000 units of heparin each eight hours. Systematic deep venous thrombosis detection was carried out using both the 125I fibrinogen test and the Doppler method, being confirmed by phlebography if positive. The 125I fibrinogen test proved to be more sensitive and more specific. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were comparable in the groups, mechanical prophylaxis being as effective as the two other regimens. No side-effects were noted with the use of intermittent compression boots. A venoconstricting agent associated with heparin may permit smaller doses with the same prophylactic effect. PMID- 7209774 TI - Adrenal activity in patients with advanced carcinomas. AB - Thirty-nine patients with disseminated carcinoma but without metastases to the adrenal glands underwent a complete physical examination and laboratory work-up regarding signs and symptoms suggestive of adrenal insufficiency. Thereafter, they were categorized into two groups. In group A, 24 patients were in relatively good condition and had no symptoms suggestive of adrenal insufficiency. All 15 patients in group B had clinical signs and symptoms similar to those usually associated with adrenal insufficiency. The adrenal activity of each patient was evaluated through determination of cortisol in plasma at 8 am, 2 pm and 8 pm; dexamethasone suppression-adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulating test; analysis of 24 hour urinary excretion of cortisol, and analyses of 24 hour urinary excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. After completion of the evaluation of adrenal function, the patients included in group B were treated with cortisone acetate. Patients in group B, when compared with those of group A, generally had an increase in cortisol secretion as well as in epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion. Both groups responded to dexamethasone suppression and adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation. Of the 13 patients treated with cortisone, only one patient objectively responded to the treatment, while two of the patients were clinically improved. All three of these patients had normal or increased adrenal activity. It was concluded that the symptoms frequently seen in patients with disseminated carcinoma and which are similar to those associated with adrenal insufficiency, do not indicate impaired cortisol secretion. Patients with these symptoms usually had an increase in adrenal activity, probably as a response to stress. PMID- 7209775 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic drainage preoperatively for benign biliary strictures. AB - In two patients, the value of percutaneous transhepatic decompression in the management of benign biliary strictures is illustrated. The procedure can help provide relief of jaundice, control of infection and improvement of nutritional status. Results of previous experience indicate that these factors play a major role in determining the over-all success rate in the surgical management of these patients. PMID- 7209776 TI - Needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules. AB - Thin needle aspiration biopsies for cytology were performed upon 64 patients with hypofunctioning thyroid nodules. Surgical confirmation of the diagnoses was obtained in 41 of these patients. All 12 nodules with positive needle biopsies were found to be malignant at operation. Sixteen of 17 nodules with negative findings at biopsy were found to be benign; one was found to be malignant. Twelve nodules were in the questionable cytologic group, three were malignant and nine were benign. Twenty-three patients did not undergo operation after needle biopsy. Negative biopsy findings in these patients were instrumental in guiding decisions not to recommend operation. There was no morbidity after any of the 64 needle biopsies. An analysis of our results indicates that thin needle aspiration biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool for the selection of thyroid nodules for surgical treatment. Its routine use on our service has increased the incidence of carcinoma in surgically explored cold thyroid nodules in the past year. The procedure was helpful not only in avoiding operation for some benign lesions but also in enabling the detection of a number of otherwise unsuspected malignant tumors. Objections which are usually raised to the large scale use of thin needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules are not valid. PMID- 7209777 TI - Alternate approach to the management of acute perforating appendicitis in children. AB - The results of this study support the conservative management of acutely ill patients with the clinical diagnosis of perforating appendicitis. An interval appendectomy should be performed four to six weeks later. If the patient does not respond after a clinical trial of 12 to 24 hours, there is no increased morbidity from performing an appendectomy at that time. Selection of antibiotic therapy should be appropriate to cover the usual intestinal flora of aerobes and anaerobes. Ampicillin, gentamycin or tobramycin, and clindamycin currently are the recommended antibiotics at this institution. The patient is seen in the office each week until interval appendectomy is performed. Any recurrence of fever or abdominal pain warrants immediate hospital admission and appendectomy. This approach in selected patients had proved safe when adequate follow-up study is assured. PMID- 7209778 TI - Management by en bloc multiple organ resection of carcinoma of the stomach invading adjacent organs. AB - During the period of 1949 to 1971, 72 patients at this cancer center underwent en bloc multiple organ resection with curative intent for adenocarcinoma of the stomach that had invaded adjacent organs and structures. The over-all five year survival rate was 7 per cent and the operative mortality, 37.5 per cent. Patients with advanced stage tumors did poorly, although relief of symptoms and some prolongation of survival time were evident. Those patients with early staged tumors limited to the stomach and adjacent perigastric lymph nodes had a remarkable salvage rate of 31 per cent for a corresponding operative mortality of 25 per cent. Most of the postoperative complications and deaths occurred in the earlier period of the study and are preventable with present day surgical management; few deaths occurred during the last five years of the study. In the absence of detectable distant metastases, aggressive resection of these tumors is warranted in carefully selected patients with reasonable prospects of cure and palliation. PMID- 7209779 TI - Thrombosis of the portal vein following splenectomy for myeloid metaplasia. AB - The records of 28 patients undergoing splenectomy for myeloid metaplasia were reviewed. Portal and mesenteric venous thrombosis was proved or suspected in five patients. The time interval between splenectomy and portal and mesenteric venous thrombosis varied from six days to three years. The incidental postmortem finding of portal vein thrombosis in one patient suggests that the incidence may be greater than clinically appreciated and may, at times, be asymptomatic. Postsplenectomy thrombocytosis was not found to be a significant risk factor, occurring in only one of the five patients in whom portal vein thrombosis developed. Recommendations for prevention include ligation of the splenic vein close to its junction with the inferior mesenteric vein at the time of splenectomy. In addition, prophylactic anticoagulation therapy or the use of antiplatelet drug therapy postoperatively, or both, should be considered. PMID- 7209780 TI - Resection of the pancreas for acute fulminant pancreatitis. AB - The records of 30 consecutive patients treated by pancreatic resection for acute hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis from 1974 to 1978 were reviewed. Formal subtotal or near to total resection of the pancreas was undertaken whenever vigorous nonoperative therapeutic measures did not bring rapid improvement of the condition of the patient. The rationale was that removal of the diseased pancreatic tissue would prohibit the progress of inflammation and abolish the development of complications directly associated to the inflammatory process itself. There was no intraoperative mortality, but 11 patients died after the operation. Of the 19 survivors, eight had an uncomplicated postoperative course, whereas 11 patients recovered only after severe complications, usually requiring multiple reoperations. Among the most important complications were intra abdominal sepsis, septicemia, upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, respiratory insufficiency, renal insufficiency and perforations of the gastrointestinal tract. After a follow-up period of one to five years, five patients have remained completely free of symptoms. In 12 patients, diabetes has developed, and four patients had recurrent mild attacks of pancreatitis. All but two patients have resumed their previous work or other activities of living. PMID- 7209781 TI - Treatment of the primary lesion in melanoma. AB - The routine wide sacrifice of skin, fat and fascia for the treatment of all melanomas is clearly ill-advised. For the low risk primary lesion, conservative excision is sufficient. For the high risk lesion, individualized therapy should be the rule. PMID- 7209783 TI - Surgical pros and cons: impact of repeal of motorcycle helmet law. PMID- 7209782 TI - Is it free? PMID- 7209784 TI - Axillary node dissection in malignant melanoma. AB - Axillary node dissection for nonmammary malignant lesions can be performed easily through an incision in the medial wall of the axilla. In patients with clinical involvement of the axilla with melanoma, positive nodes above the level of the axillary vein may occasionally be found. PMID- 7209785 TI - Side-to-side mesocaval anastomosis in portal hypertension. AB - A method for performing a side-to-side mesocaval anastomosis in treating portal hypertension was used on 28 patients with success. To date, there has been no immediate or late mortality. PMID- 7209786 TI - Orbital mucopyoceles. Two cases and a review. AB - Two patients with superior orbital masses that were initially diagnosed as orbital cellulitis with abscess formation had orbital mucopyoceles, from which Enterobacteriaceae was cultured. Both patients had frontal sinus involvement and one had massive destruction with posterior extension abutting the frontal lobes. The radiology, computerized tomography, surgical procedures, and histopathologic findings pertaining to each case and the disease entity are reviewed. Antibiotic usage is discussed. PMID- 7209787 TI - Small bowel obstruction: the role of nonoperative treatment in simple intestinal obstruction and predictive criteria for strangulation obstruction. AB - The clinical presentation, treatment, and results of 405 patients with mechanical small intestinal obstruction admitted to the Montefiore Hospital and North Central Bronx Hospitals were reviewed. The etiology of obstruction was adhesions 74%, malignancy 8.6%, hernia 8.1%, inflammatory bowel disease 5.2%, and miscellaneous causes 4.1%. The overall mortality rate for the series was 6.7%, and the incidence of bowel strangulation was 10.1%. Strangulation occurred in 33.3% of the hernia group, 9.0% of the adhesions group, and 2.8% of the malignancy group. The largest single cause of death was related to malignant disease--12 cases (44.4%). Six deaths (22.2%) were caused by bowel strangulation. Of the patients who received more than 24 hours of nonoperative therapy, 46% had relief of obstruction. There was no statistically significant difference in successful results between patients managed with long tubes compared to patients managed with nasogastric tubes. Conservative therapy for malignant obstruction was not successful in 85% of cases. The presence of bowel strangulation shows a positive correlation with age (greater than 70 years), feculant vomiting, peristaltic sounds, and a white blood cell count higher than 18,000/mm3. It shows no correlation with onset, localization or type of pain, duration of symptoms, temperature, tachycardia, or x-ray findings. The results of the study indicate that accurate criteria for small bowel obstruction therapy have not been clearly defined except in patients with incarcerated hernias. Nonoperative management is successful in a significnt percentage of patients. PMID- 7209788 TI - Control of fever associated with visceral cancers by indomethacin. AB - Fever commonly complicates intra-abdominal cancer when there are peritoneal or liver metastases but no infection. Although aspirin and acetaminophen have little or no effect on this fever and its debilitating effects, we have found that indomethacin dramatically and completely eliminates the fever. This observation and the measured decrease in urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 suggest that fever associated with visceral tumors may be mediated by prostaglandins. PMID- 7209789 TI - Strategy and technique of reoperative parathyroid surgery. AB - Reoperative parathyroid surgery requires strategies and techniques different from those employed in initial surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. Differentiation between single- and multiple-gland disease and between sporadic and familial disease helps determine the extent of surgery. Identification and removal of only enlarged glands with biopsy, if possible, of normal parathyroid tissue, is indicated in patients with sporadic disease. Patients with multiple gland or familial disease undergoing reoperation for recurrence or persistence should have all identifiable parathyroid tissue removed from the neck, and portions should be cryopreserved. Immediate autotransplantation is not recommended even for patients undergoing total parathyroidectomy at reoperation. Such patients may become normocalcemic or remain hypercalcemic because of inaccurate assessment of previous surgery, supernumerary glands, or because an underlying stimulus promotes hyperplasia of residual parathyroid fragments. Since hypercalcemia in patients with functional tissue in the arm is difficult to manage, it is wiser to perform autograft with cryopreserved tissue only in those patients who exhibit prolonged hypoparathyroidism. A surgical approach with emphasis on operative techniques that has evolved from recent experience with over 90 reoperations is presented. PMID- 7209790 TI - A preliminary report: urgent duodenoscopic sphincterotomy for acute gallstone pancreatitis. AB - Eleven patients wtih gallstone-related acute pancreatitis underwent urgent duodenoscopy and diathermy sphincterotomy; six had stones impacted at the papilla of Vater, and the remainder had stones in the bile duct. One patient had a gallstone in the pancreatic duct. Endoscopic removal of the duct stones resulted in a prompt, persistent clinical and biochemical improvement, except in one patient who had been referred from another hospital with a pseudocyst 3 weeks after the onset of illness. Pancreatography results were remarkably normal in the remaining patients. Use of emergency biliary decompression in patients with acute gallstone-related pancreatitis remains controversial, and the indications need clarification. However our results justify further evaluation of duodenoscopic sphincterotomy as an alternative to surgery. PMID- 7209791 TI - Surgical implications of antithrombin III deficiency. AB - Antithrombin III is a potent coagulant inhibitor in plasma. Congenital deficiency of antithrombin III may predispose to thrombotic events and may complicate surgical management. We describe a patient with congenital antithrombin III deficiency who developed superior mesenteric vein thrombosis after the cessation of warfarin therapy which resulted in venous gangrene of the small intestine. Initial treatment of this deficiency with fresh frozen plasma and subsequent long term management with warfarin therapy has been effective in avoiding further thrombotic events. PMID- 7209792 TI - Balloon catheter dilatation in patients with failing arteriovenous fistulas. AB - Six patients on hemodialysis who had stenotic segments of failing arteriovenous fistulas underwent attempted dilatations with a Gruntzig balloon catheter. In three patients the dilatation was successful: two fistulas were still functioning at the time of this study (10 and 8 months), and one fistula functioned up to the patient's death (2 months). Dilatation was unsuccessful in two patients because the stenosis located adjacent to the arteriovenous anastomosis could not be approached with the balloon. There were no complications secondary to the technique, and the dilatation attempt did not preclude surgical revision when it failed. This technique, which can be performed in ambulatory patients, provides an alternative to surgical revision of the failing arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 7209793 TI - Significance of common carotid back pressure measurements. AB - Pressure in the common carotid artery distal to a clamp occluding the artery was measured and compared to the internal carotid back pressure. In most patients the difference between the two pressures was trivial (mean 1.45 mm Hg, SD 10.45 mm Hg), but in 25.6% the pressure difference exceeded 10 mm Hg. In 2.6% the difference was greater than 30 mm Hg. Flow in the internal carotid artery reversed during common carotid clamping in 10.3% of the studies; the maximal rate of reversed internal carotid flow recorded was 62 ml/min. Significant retrograde maximal flow could be anticipated when the carotid bifurcation was relatively free of stenosis and the internal carotid back pressure exceeded the common carotid back pressure by 20 mm Hg or more. Reversal of internal carotid flow during common carotid clamping only occurred when the internal back pressure was 50 mm Hg or greater, suggesting that retrograde internal carotid flow is a manifestation of high intracranial collateral blood pressure and not a cause of cerebral ischemia. The results have application to carotid and other extracranial arterial reconstructions and to ocular plethysmographic assessment of colateral hemispheric pressure. PMID- 7209794 TI - Pyloric motor response to sympathetic nerve stimulation in dogs. AB - Through this study we evaluated the effect of electrical stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve on gastroduodenal motility in anesthetized dogs. The majority of stimulations (at a frequency of 10 Hz for 5 msec at a strength of 10V for a train of 10 sec) produced contractions in the gastric antrum and pylorus and relaxation in the duodenum. The antral, pyloric, and duodenal motor responses were unaffected by cervical vagosympathectomy, thoracic vagotomy, and adrenalectomy. Administration of phentolamine, propranolol, or hexamethonium and pretreatment with reserpine failed to affect the contractile gastroduodenal motor response. The inhibitory motor response in the duodenum was also unaffected by these surgical procedures and administration of drugs. After atropine administration, contractions induced by splanchnic nerve stimulation were abolished in the pylorus, as well as in the antrum and duodenum. Tetrodotoxin also abolished the gastroduodenal motor response. The greater splanchnic nerve contains an excitatory cholinergic pathway to the musculature of the pylorus. PMID- 7209795 TI - Energy expenditure, nitrogen balance, and norepinephrine excretion after injury. AB - In this study we examine the effect of different hypocaloric nutritional regimens on nitrogen balance in patients following total hip replacement and compare it to that of normal subjects on strict bed rest. The interrelationship between nitrogen balance, energy expenditure, and urinary free norepinephrine excretion is analyzed with emphasis on the effects of nutrition on these relationships. Amino acid infusions following major elective orthopedic surgery had no nitrogen sparing effect above that of 5% dextrose. Optimum nitrogen balance was obtained by administration of both 5% dextose and 3.5% amino acids. Patients receiving 5% dextrose showed no increase in resting energy expenditure in postoperative period compared to the preoperative control value. However, patients receiving amino acid infusions showed a 14% rise in energy expenditure postoperatively. Failure to administer 5% dextrose was associated with a high urinary norepinephrine excretion postoperatively. In normal subjects on bed rest either 5% dextrose or total starvation resulted in a marked fall in resting energy expenditure, whereas amino acid infusions isocaloric to the carbohydrate intake prevented any fall in resting energy expenditure. Nitrogen balance was improved with amino acid infusions in normal subjects. This study suggests the effect of amino acid infusions is highly dependent on the metabolic state of the patient. PMID- 7209796 TI - Acute physiologic effects of arteriovenous anastomosis and fistula in revascularizing the ischemic canine hind limb. AB - In a severe, diffuse arterial occlusion model of canine hind-limb ischemia, both distal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and arteriovenous end-to-side anastomosis (AVA) were evaluated as potential methods of revascularization. AVA reversed or minimized both hemodynamic and metabolic indices of ischemia; AVF did not. After AVA segmental blood pressures at the thigh returned to normal, and those at the calf returned to 0.8 from an ischemic level of 0. Both postocclusion toe pulse reappearance times and the toe pulse volumes partially returned toward normal. IN addition, gastrocnemium intramuscular Po2 returned from an ischemic level of 5.3 to 45.5 mm Hg, compared to a control normal of 47.6 mm Hg. Muscle surface pH returned to 7.40 from the ischemic level of 7.06. AVA appears to offer an approach to the treatment of severe, diffuse arterial disease that would utilize the distal venous tree to transport blood to the capillaries for the support of adequate tissue nutrition. PMID- 7209797 TI - Topical 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 prevents alcohol-induced damage in canine gastric mucosa. AB - Using a canine Heidenhain pouch model, we examined the effect of pretreatment with topical administration of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) on gastric mucosal damage induced by 15% ethanol in acid solution. Ethanol alone damaged the pouches, as was evidenced by large net fluxes of Na+ and K+ into the pouch, loss of H+ from the bathing solution, and an increase in gastric perfusate volume. Topical dmPGE2 by itself had no effect on H+ or K+ flux, but significantly increased the flux of Na+ and stimulated volume output. These effects on Na+ and volume were not increased further during exposure of the mucosa to ethanol, and the changes in K+ flux and H+ loss induced by ethanol alone were completely prevented by dmPGE2. We conclude that topically applied dmPGE2 prevents alcohol-induced damage to the canine gastric mucosa. The mechanism underlying this protection remains unknown, but the observation that dmPGE2 stimulated a volume flow rich in Na+ suggests that this secretion in some way prevented the permeation of H+ ions with their damaging effects on gastric mucosal cells. PMID- 7209798 TI - Gallbladder function in experimental cholecystitis. AB - Experimental cholecystitis was induced by implanting gallstones from human beings into the gallbladder of the cat. Three months later the concentrating function of the gallbladder, the motility, and hepatic bile flow were studied by a perfusion technique in the anesthetized animal. Gallbladder function was correlated to morphologic changes. After 3 months, the cystic duct was patent in nine animals and bile was found in the gallbladder. In 17 animals the cystic duct was obstructed and colorless contents were found in the gallbladder. Animals with a patent cystic duct showed slight or moderate inflammation and intact concentrating activity in the gallbladder, whereas animals with obstructed animals had pronounced inflammation and continuous fluid "secretion" into the lumen. Both groups had increased bile outflow from the liver. Indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, promptly reversed gallbladder fluid "secretion" into absorption and reduced the increased bile flow to a normal level. These results are discussed in relation to clinical findings in man. A mechanism by which prostaglandins are responsible for the inflammatory gallbladder "secretion" and the increased bile flow from the liver is proposed. PMID- 7209800 TI - Use of microspheres for gut blood flow determination. PMID- 7209799 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: pathophysiology and pharmacologic support. AB - The incidence of death from congenital diaphragmatic hernia appears to be unchanged in recent years despite advances in resuscitation, transport, and ventilatory support. Bilateral lung hypoplasia and abnormal pulmonary vascular reactivity as developmental consequences of the defect appear to play a major role in the continued high mortality rate. Recent advances in pharmacologic support have further elucidated the mechanisms of ventilatory failure in these patients and may represent means of improving survival in the future. PMID- 7209802 TI - The new rabies vaccine. PMID- 7209801 TI - What's new in psychiatry: tricyclic plasma levels. PMID- 7209803 TI - Sporotrichosis: a case report and brief review. PMID- 7209804 TI - Appropriate lidocaine doses--science added to the art. PMID- 7209805 TI - The borderline syndrome--review of a psychiatric concept. PMID- 7209807 TI - Medical versus surgical jaundice: when and how the radiologist can help. PMID- 7209806 TI - Pulmonary embolectomy for massive pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7209808 TI - The availability of residency positions in Texas. PMID- 7209809 TI - Family practice residency training programs: a mechanism to provide primary medical care in rural areas. PMID- 7209810 TI - Medicine & the law: midwives in Texas. PMID- 7209811 TI - Use and abuse of topical steroid preparations. PMID- 7209812 TI - Complications of respiratory assistance in the newborn. PMID- 7209813 TI - Review of a program for premedical minority students. PMID- 7209814 TI - Recurrent pneumonia in Klippel-Feil syndrome. PMID- 7209815 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 7209816 TI - Most short children are normal. PMID- 7209817 TI - [Laryngeal diseases]. PMID- 7209818 TI - [Radiological examination of the larynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209820 TI - [Functional dysphonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209819 TI - [Vocal diagnosis from the phoniatric point of view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209821 TI - [The differential diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209822 TI - [Electromyographic and electroneurographic larynx diagnosis in the awake patient]. PMID- 7209823 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the larynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209824 TI - [Laryngeal and tracheal trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209825 TI - [Classification of carcinomas of the larynx and its significance as regards prognosis and therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209826 TI - [Early detection of laryngeal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209827 TI - [The value of semiology for cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209828 TI - [The current state of microsurgery of the larynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209829 TI - [Endoscopic laser surgery of the larynx]. PMID- 7209830 TI - [Tumour surgery of the hypopharynx and larynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209831 TI - [Surgical rehabilitation of the voice following laryngectomy (present status)]. PMID- 7209832 TI - [Surgical rehabilitation of swallowing and speaking following laryngopharyngectomy and laryngopharyngoesophagectomy]. PMID- 7209833 TI - [Dyspnea in orthopedics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209834 TI - [Dyspnea and obstetrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209835 TI - [Dyspnoea in respiratory diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209836 TI - [Pulmonary complications after thoracotomy for bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209837 TI - [Dyspnoea as a symptom of neurological disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209838 TI - [Dyspnea in occupational medicine]. PMID- 7209839 TI - [Dyspnea in haematological diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209840 TI - [Dyspnea and thyroid gland diseases]. PMID- 7209841 TI - [Dyspnea in pulmonary embolism in the geriatric practice]. PMID- 7209842 TI - [Dyspnea of cardiovascular origin]. PMID- 7209844 TI - [Medicamentous dyspnea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209843 TI - [Dyspnea in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209845 TI - [Dyspnea in otorhinolaryngology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209846 TI - [Dyspnoea as an internal specialist's problem (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209847 TI - [Spirometry in respiratory dyspnea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209848 TI - Actual diagnostic and therapeutic problems of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). PMID- 7209849 TI - Clinical experience with Clostilbegyt. PMID- 7209850 TI - Potentiation of Donalgin in the treatment of postinjection and postinfusion phlebitis. PMID- 7209851 TI - Five-year observations with Magurlit, a stone-dissolving granulate. PMID- 7209852 TI - Blood-pressure depressing action of intravenous Sanegyt (haemodynamic examinations). PMID- 7209853 TI - Treatment of coxarthroses with intraarterial injection of No-Spa + Lidocaine. PMID- 7209854 TI - [Utilization of the imputability method for validating publications on side effects of drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209855 TI - [Reevaluation of the diagnosis of drug side effects after a lapse of six months (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209857 TI - [Therapeutic consequences of measure of inactivation index of isoniazid during antituberculous therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209856 TI - [Effects of liver disease and age on metabolism of trimethoxybenzene (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209858 TI - [Slope of decrease of coagulation factors during anticoagulant therapy (tioclomarol) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209860 TI - [Modern transfusion therapy]. PMID- 7209859 TI - [Dopamine and dobutamine as treatment of circulatory shock initially non cardiogenic: a clinical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209861 TI - [Competitive inhibitors of angiotensin II]. PMID- 7209862 TI - [Long term minoxidil therapy in resistant hypertension: effects on blood pressure, on end-organ damage, and side-effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209863 TI - [Tolerance and complications of the treatment of severe heart failure by dihydralazine]. PMID- 7209864 TI - [Diazoxide: tolerance and complications]. PMID- 7209865 TI - [The effects of probenecid on the steady-state plasma concentration of digoxin]. PMID- 7209866 TI - [Does cimetidine act as a chelator?]. PMID- 7209867 TI - [Comparison of 2 methods of creatinine determination in the rat. Application to a diuretic combination]. PMID- 7209868 TI - Alterations in the serotonin release response in mechanically injured platelets. PMID- 7209869 TI - An evaluation of the arachidonate pathway of platelets from companion and food producing animals, mink, and man. PMID- 7209870 TI - Separation of thrombin forms by capillary isotachophoresis. PMID- 7209871 TI - Effects of long term administration of ticlopidine on platelet function and hemostatic variables. PMID- 7209872 TI - Analysis of platelet survival curves in an arterial thrombosis model in rats. PMID- 7209873 TI - Effects of intra-arterial cannulation on blood platelet consumption in rats. PMID- 7209874 TI - Preparation and partial characterization of human plasma depleted of antithrombin III by heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography. PMID- 7209875 TI - Activation of human platelets in PRP via their Fc-receptor by antigen-antibody complexes or immunoglobulin G: requirement for particle-bound fibrinogen. PMID- 7209876 TI - The influence of platelet homogenates on thrombopoiesis in rabbits. PMID- 7209877 TI - Thrombin generation and formation of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes in congenital antithrombin III deficiency. PMID- 7209879 TI - Human prothrombin fragments F1 (alpha beta) and F2: preparation and characterization of structural and biological properties. PMID- 7209878 TI - Endothelial factors in relation to peripheral circulation in diabetics. PMID- 7209880 TI - Antithrombotic therapy with ticlopidine in chronic renal failure patients on maintenance hemodialysis--a multicenter collaborative double blind study. PMID- 7209881 TI - Thrombin-induced formation of a polar lipid material within platelets that possesses platelet-activating activity. PMID- 7209882 TI - Electrochemical activity determination of trypsin-like enzymes. III. Application to the assay of antithrombin III in aqueous solutions, human plasma and whole blood. PMID- 7209883 TI - Temperature dependent dissociation of soluble fibrin monomer complexes demonstrated by agarose gel filtration. PMID- 7209884 TI - Time-response changes in the thrombogenicity of platelets spread on a collagen coated surface. PMID- 7209885 TI - Studies on the anticoagulant and antithrombotic action of an irreversible thrombin inhibitor. PMID- 7209886 TI - Identical behavior of fibrinogen and asialo-fibrinogen in reactions with platelets during ADP-induced aggregation. PMID- 7209887 TI - Platelet aggregability in chronic arterial occlusive diseases of the extremities. PMID- 7209888 TI - Effects of ethanol and of other factors on ADP-induced aggregation of human blood platelets in vitro. PMID- 7209889 TI - Ontogeny of mouse and rat antithrombin III. PMID- 7209890 TI - [Organic brain diseases in psychiatry]. PMID- 7209891 TI - [Rabies in Svalbard. Background, course and implications for human medicine]. PMID- 7209892 TI - [Roentgen findings in child abuse - the battered child syndrome]. PMID- 7209893 TI - [Lung complications following high laparotomies. Effects of smoking and low-dose heparin prevention]. PMID- 7209894 TI - [Capsulitis of the shoulder (frozen shoulder). Etiology, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7209895 TI - [Protein diagnosis in myelomatosis and its abortive forms]. PMID- 7209896 TI - [Fracture of the intercondylar eminence]. PMID- 7209897 TI - [Blindness in Norway. Causes and possibilities of prevention]. PMID- 7209898 TI - [Needs and problems in the vocational rehabilitation of patients with chronic diseases]. PMID- 7209899 TI - [Muscle strength in patients with moderate unilateral coxarthrosis]. PMID- 7209900 TI - [Excessive airway pressure during anesthesia]. PMID- 7209901 TI - [Wernicke's encephalopathy in non-alcoholics]. PMID- 7209902 TI - [The deputizing service in Oslo. Who participate in home visits?]. PMID- 7209903 TI - [Is there an overconsumption of benzodiazepines?]. PMID- 7209904 TI - [Trochanteric femur fractures. A comparison of 2 methods]. PMID- 7209905 TI - [Reference values for serum enzymes, plasma proteins and lipids in young children]. PMID- 7209906 TI - [Accidental per- and postoperative hypothermia]. PMID- 7209907 TI - [Results of treatment of alcoholism and mixed drug abuse]. PMID- 7209908 TI - [Transport of neonates. 4-year case material]. PMID- 7209909 TI - [Collagen biochemistry and pathology]. PMID- 7209910 TI - [Auditory evoked response in the brain stem. A new method for the diagnosis of diseases of the brain stem]. PMID- 7209911 TI - [Locking of the knee joint]. PMID- 7209912 TI - [The place of the local hospital in the health services]. PMID- 7209913 TI - [Vascular surgery in Norway]. PMID- 7209914 TI - [Overuse of digitalis after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7209915 TI - [New maternity routines and breast feeding]. PMID- 7209916 TI - [Water intoxication]. PMID- 7209917 TI - [Attempted suicide with digitoxin]. PMID- 7209918 TI - [Alcohol and drugs in victims of violence]. PMID- 7209919 TI - [Iris diagnosis]. PMID- 7209920 TI - [The pathophysiology of pulmonary edema. Some new views]. PMID- 7209921 TI - [Hysterosalpingography with a balloon catheter]. PMID- 7209922 TI - [Routine use of cephalothin-cephalexin in open fractures]. PMID- 7209923 TI - [Home visiting service in Oslo. Who uses it?]. PMID- 7209924 TI - [Leisure activities detrimental to hearing in students at technical vocational schools]. PMID- 7209925 TI - [The hearing aid--a necessary helpful device. A study of conditions affecting the patient with a hearing aid]. PMID- 7209926 TI - [Vertigo examination]. PMID- 7209927 TI - [Granulocytopenia and infections during induction therapy of acute leukemia]. PMID- 7209928 TI - [Roentgen pelvimetry]. PMID- 7209929 TI - [Prolactin. Physiology and physiopathology]. PMID- 7209930 TI - [Telephone consultations as an alternative to home visits in acute disease. A trial at the Oslo municipal emergency ward]. PMID- 7209931 TI - [A quantitative determination of protein in urine. An evaluation of the Esbach method]. PMID- 7209932 TI - [Treatment of recent deep vein thrombosis. A supplement]. PMID- 7209933 TI - [Surgery complications in a large and small hospital]. PMID- 7209934 TI - [Health services in a Norwegian-Finnish border area]. PMID- 7209935 TI - [Shellfish poisoning. A short review of shellfish poisoning and a description of an outbreak]. PMID- 7209936 TI - [Acquired idiopathic hypogammaglobulinemia. A patient protocol]. PMID- 7209938 TI - [Sudden unforeseen infant death. Incidence in Norway 1974-1976]. PMID- 7209937 TI - [Thornton nails or von Bahr screws in femoral neck fractures]. PMID- 7209940 TI - [Short-wave therapy]. PMID- 7209939 TI - [Peptic ulcer of jejunum]. PMID- 7209941 TI - [Dynamic computed tomography. A diagnostic supplement to static computed tomography]. PMID- 7209942 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of soft tissue sarcomas]. PMID- 7209943 TI - Babesia crassa n.sp. (Sporozoa, Babesiidae) of domestic sheep in Iran. AB - A large Babesia sp., isolated from a sheep in Iran, provided to be serologically and morphologically different from B, motasi and B. ovis. The parasite, designated B. crassa n. sp., is characterized by the frequent occurrence of four organisms in one erythrocyte, which is the result of quadruple division and, in other cases, of two successive binary divisions. Parasited resulting from the first of two successive binary divisions are exceptionally broad. B. crassa appears to be of low pathogenicity for sheep and goats, to which it is also infective. The vector is unknown. PMID- 7209944 TI - Serological diagnosis of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: a comparative study between the growth inhibition test and the complement fixation test. AB - A Complement Fixation Test (CFT) was developed for the diagnosis of Erysipelas infections. The results of that work were compared with those of the Growth Inhibition Test (GIT), and they showed that the CFT test was very useful to determine whether an animal had been vaccinated or was still suffering from the disease. The CFT is as reliable as the GIT in detecting recent as well as chronic infections, but its value is limited where animals are examined for their response to a vaccination. The test is quick, easy, and safe to conduct. PMID- 7209946 TI - Mandibular cheek tooth eruption and development in Hereford cross Friesian steers as a means of age determination. AB - The development of the mandibular cheek teeth was examined, both visually and by radiograph, in a group of 76 Hereford cross Friesian steers, of which all but one were slaughtered at the same weight - 464 kg (1020lb). The age of the youngest animal was 1 year 0.3 months whereas the slaughter ages of the others ranged from 1 year 3 months to 1 year 8 months. The first molar was fully erupted and crown and root formation complete in all but the youngest steer. In the other five cheek teeth there were one or more significant differences between the mean ages of tooth development stages as assessed by radiograph. Cattle of 1 year 3 months could not be absolutely distinguished from those of 1 year 8 months by intra-oral second molar eruption. Examination of stages of development seen radiographically gave a maximum age range of 4 months before differentiation. In this study, development of the first two molars was in advance of the three permanent premolars and in these latter teeth the second premolar was the most developed. PMID- 7209945 TI - Dirofilaria in dogs of Surinam. PMID- 7209947 TI - [Nitrate poisoning in a herd of young calves (author's transl)]. AB - The present paper is a report on a case of nitrate poisoning in young calves. Supplying feed high in nitrates to these very young calves would appear to be more hazardous than it would to the older calves. PMID- 7209948 TI - [Lesions in slaughtered animals. I. Vertebral fractures in sows (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209949 TI - [Nutrition of man and animals (author's transl)]. AB - Information on daily nutrient requirements is more complete for farm animals than for horses, pets and man. Very little is known, particularly in man, horses and pets of the relationship between nutrition and longevity. Therefore, a slightly higher intake of essential nutrients would appear to be preferable, the more so as the body can readily remove any surpluses. This also holds true for man and animals in suboptimum living conditions. Inadequate information on this relationship in man as well as the current concern of the consumer regarding the safety of his food are the reasons for which animal production should be very cautious regarding the use of additives and drugs. Investigations on the effects of nutrition on longevity and resistance, immunity, food-intake regulation and other complicated problems should be directed towards understanding and require thorough and extensive preliminary studies covering all species of animal, including man. Animal husbandry as a whole contributes materially to world food production because of its use of many feeds which are unacceptable to or cannot be utilized by man. Further possibilities of increasing the conversion of feed into food are presented. However, ensuring an optimum world food supply to defeat famine not only involves the technical problems referred to but also has several economic and sociological aspects and requires united international efforts. PMID- 7209950 TI - [Ruminants as breeding animals (author's transl)]. AB - Ruminants can be considered as up graders of the quality of food when they are kept on feeds low in nitrogen and rich in structural carbohydrates such as cellulose. Many feeds and agricultural wastes of no value or unattractive to monogastric animals can be converted into tractive power, milk, wool, meat and offspring by ruminants. To attain levels of production, concentrates which are readily degraded and high in protein are being increasingly fed, which results in improper use of the ruminant, production losses and metabolic disorders due to unstable rumen fermentation. This is also associated with the fact that our domesticated cattle belong to a group of ruminants particularly equipped to deal with roughage. Most other ruminants in the group of the large roughage feeders are even superior to European cattle breeds in digesting poor roughage. When it would become necessary to increase the use of roughages and agricultural lignocellulose wastes in the near future, a large ruminal volume and a high salivation rate should be adopted as criteria of selection in breeding new cattle breeds. PMID- 7209951 TI - [Adaptability of rumen fermentation in cattle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209952 TI - [Disordered fermentation of the rumen (author's transl)]. AB - The requirements which have to be satisfied to ensure adequate functioning of bacterial digestion in the fore-stomachs are reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of the various disturbances of fermentation in the rumen. The majority of disturbances of rumen fermentation are attributable to one or several deficiencies in the rations. This is particularly due to the fact that high energy rations are required. In addition, an increasing number of substances are being added to the rations in order to affect fermentation in some way or another. Errors of mixing, substitutions and other human factors are liable to result in disturbances of fermentation, which may cause severe losses unless they are rapidly detected. Several instances have been reported in the literature. PMID- 7209953 TI - [Hyperkeratosis of the rumen in disturbances of fermentation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7209954 TI - [Improvement in Hygiene of the slaughter line (author's transl)]. AB - Those factors which are of importance in the contamination of carcases in modern slaughter lines are reviewed. Short-term measures (for instance, improving the technique of dressing carcases) and long-term procedures (for instance, developing other methods of slaughter) are suggested to improve hygiene on the slaughter line. Attention is paid to a number of methods to prevent contamination. PMID- 7209955 TI - Trace metal levels in commercially prepared tissue culture media. AB - Four trace elements, lead, copper, tin and zinc, in addition to certain electrolytes, were measured in 11 commercially prepared tissue culture media. Glass media bottles and plastic tissue culture dishes and flasks were treated with a HCl acid solution to determine the amounts of trace metals leached from their surfaces. Zinc, lead and copper were detected in all media. Tin was detected only in RPMI Medium 1640, fetal bovine serum, minimum essential medium and penicillin-streptomycin. It is possible that a major cause of variability in tissue culture experimental results may be due to effects on growth caused by fluctuation in trace element contamination from batch to batch. Variability in establishing primary cultures of corneal endothelial cells was traced to high lead levels in commercially prepared tissue culture media. A strong case is made for continued diligent efforts to expand analytical horizons and our definition of substances in culture media. PMID- 7209956 TI - Elastoidin actinotrichia in Coelacanth fins: a comparison with teleosts. AB - In this work, we present the first ultrastructural evidences of actinotrichia in the Coelacanth Latimeria. We describe its actinotrichia with the electron microscope (SEM and TEM) and compare their structure to Teleost actinotrichia. Both elements present similar fine structure, i.e. a periodic cross-striation of 60-65 nm; the plesiomorphic character of actinotrichia is discussed in Osteichthyes. PMID- 7209957 TI - Intercellular junctions in the adrenal medulla: a comparative freeze-fracture study. AB - Observations of freeze-fractured specimens revealed that intercellular junctions in adrenal medulla are different in nature and number according to species. Only gap junctions of diverse size exhibiting characteristic loop-like configurations were found in hamster chromaffin cells. In addition to such gap junctions, polymorphic focal tight junctions occasionally combined with particle clusters or small gap junctions were found in guinea-pig. So far, no intercellular junctions were found in rat. Discussion is focused on the possible function of these junctions, in keeping with their presumably high lability. PMID- 7209958 TI - Cuticle and mucous glands in the oesophagus of an annelid (Nereis virens). AB - The oesophagus of Nereis virens is divided into anterior and posterior regions and possesses several peculiar features not previously described for cuticle or glands of Polychaetes either in body or foregut integument. The mucous cells which are permanent glands in both regions secrete a carboxylated acidic mucus and possess apical mechanisms permitting the opening and closing of the neck of the glands. The cuticle of the posterior oesophagus bears numerous striated spines and several hypotheses concerning their physiological role are discussed. PMID- 7209959 TI - Histochemical properties of axons associated with the salivary apparatus of the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea. AB - A variety of techniques have indicated that dopamine is probably the neurotransmitter at the salivary gland of the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier). It is known from a previous ultrastructural study that two types of axon are associated with the gland but it is not known which of these axons contain catecholamines. The present study, using permanganate fixation or incubation in 5-hydroxydopamine or 6-hydroxydopamine, shows that only one category of axon contains catecholamines. PMID- 7209960 TI - The primary body-wall musculature in the arrow-worm Sagitta setosa (Chaetognatha): an ultrastructural study. AB - The primary musculature of Sagitta is mainly made up of two kinds of alternating fibers, A and B. These fibers differ markedly in their localization in the muscular tissue, by the development of their SR and their mitochondria, and the shape of their myofibrils. Their contractile apparatus is similar and possesses myofibrils of regular thickness with very short I bands, flanked by invaginations which are large compartments communicating with the extracellular space. This fiber diversity appears and is maintained in the presence of an apparent common innervation. Nerve ending-like structures are scattered in the epidermis against the basement membrane and there are no nerve beneath this. The presence of at least two kinds of fibers in the primary musculature and the presence of the secondary musculature would suggest that the displacements of sagitta may be more complex than is generally admitted. The specializations of the trunk musculature underline the degree of specialization in the Chaetognatha phylum. PMID- 7209961 TI - Architecture of the T-system in helical paramyosin muscles of an annelid (Branchiobdella). AB - Tannic acid impregnation has revealed the existence of a T-system in the helical fibers of Branchiobdella pentodonta (Annelida, Clitellata). T-tubules are L shaped inside the fiber, within the plane of the I-band: after a short horizontal tract they run longitudinally for a long tract keeping contact with many sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae and forming dyads. The presence of a T-system in this annelid, the only one demonstrated up to now in annelids, is to be ascribed to the thickness of the contractile layer of those fibers. PMID- 7209962 TI - Discontinuity of sarcoplasmic reticulum in the mid-sarcomere region in flight muscle of dragonflies. AB - The sarcoplasmic reticulum organization of dragonfly flight muscles is analyzed, with particular reference to the doubling existing at H-band level. This doubling could be explained as a consequence of a regular discontinuity in the sarcoplasmic reticulum covering myofibrils. In each sarcomere, two sleeves of the sarcoplasmic reticulum seem to overlap forming a telescopic system which can slide outside each other during the lengthening and shortening movements of the fiber. PMID- 7209963 TI - Immunochemical quantitation of serum complement components in SFD and AFD infants. AB - Components of complement (protein concentrations of C1q, C3, C3-activator, C4, C5 and C9 and whole complement (hemolytic activity)) were measured in sera from full term small-for-date (SFD) and appropriate-for-date (AFD) infants and their mothers. (1) Half the SFD infants showed lower C1q levels than the AFD infants. (2) SFD infants showed the same levels of C3 as AFD infants. (3) Although SFD infants showed slightly higher levels of C3-activator than AFD infants, there was no significant difference. (4) SFD infants and AFD infants showed the same level of C4. (5) With respect to C5, half the SFD infants showed lower levels than the AFD infants. (6) Levels of C9 in the SFD infants were essentially the same as those in the AFD infants. (7) The amount of protein in every complement component of an infant was smaller than that of the mother. In AFD infants, the infant maternal ratios were 0.64 for C1q, 0.45 for C3, 0.29 for C3-activator, 0.43 for C4, 0.54 for C5 and 0.12 for C9. (8) The whole complement titers of umbilical cord sera from the AFD infants were approximately one half of those of the maternal sera. This is due to the smaller amount of complement protein itself in the infant sera. (9) The whole complement titers of umbilical cord serum agreeably correlate with gestational weeks and birth weight of the infants. (10) The whole complement titer in full-term SFD infants was lower than that in normal full-term AFD infants. PMID- 7209964 TI - Direct evidence that left ventricular myocardium is incompressible throughout systole and diastole. AB - Incompressibility of left ventricular myocardium was tested utilizing isolated canine working left ventricular preparations. This ventricle functioned at levels comparable to the intact heart. The ventricular muscle volume was calculated with the videometric border recognition technique, which is probably the most satisfactory among the presently available techniques to measure left ventricular volume. The calculated wall mass throughout the cardiac cycle varied ranging between about +/- 5%. The difference between the calculated and weighed myocardial mass was within +/- 7% of the true weight. These findings warrant the idea that myocardial muscle mass is incompressible throughout systole and diastole; the assumption used to calculate some variables of left ventricular function. PMID- 7209965 TI - Immunoglobulins in newborns, particularly in term SFD infants. AB - The following results were obtained by analyzing serum IgG, IgM and IgA of blood from the umbilical cord chiefly of small-for-date infants (term SFD infants): (1) The serum IgG level was higher in the infant's blood than in the mother's blood in the cases of appropriate-for-date infants (term AFD infants). Its fetus/ mother ratio was 1.25 +/- 0.22. (2) The fetus/mother ratios of IgG in term SFD infants and premature infants were lower than in term AFD infants. (3) The placental transmission of IgG increased as the gestation weeks went by, and its fetus/mother ratio reached 1.0 by the 38th week of pregnancy. (4) The serum IgM level was lower in term SFD infants than in term AFD infants. (5) Term SFD infants showed no difference of serum IgA level from that of term AFD infants. PMID- 7209967 TI - Electroencephalographic features of the blind in response to several planned stimulations. AB - EEG records were obtained from 9 blinds under several types of stimulation. The occipital alpha rhythm was much reduced in them, whereas small parietal activity in the alpha range was often observed in the later blind. Any type of stimulation did not produce beta rhythm, but accelerated the background alpha rhythm. PMID- 7209966 TI - Terminal monosaccharides of carbohydrate chains of glycosaminoglycans in normal human urine. AB - To elucidate the mode of the exertion of glycosidase activities in the catabolism of the tissue glycosaminoglycans (GAG), the terminal monosaccharides of the carbohydrate chains of urinary GAG in the most prominent subfraction (40% Fr-1.25 M Fr) among the subfractions obtained in a previous paper (Endo et al. 1980a) were investigated. The results of determination of the reducing hexuronic acid and N-acetylhexosamine before and after digestion of the subfraction with beta glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, together with previous data indicated that 0.36 and 0.37 mol of glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine, respectively, per mol of the subfraction were located at the non-reducing terminals of the carbohydrate chains. The remaining portion (0.27 mol per mol) of the non-reducing ends might be mostly occupied by the sulfated N acetylgalactosamine residues. On the other hand, 0.25, 0.16 and 0.34 mol of glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and xylose, respectively, per mol of the subfraction were indicated to the present at the reducing terminals of the carbohydrate chains. The remaining portion (0.25 mol per mol) of the reducing ends might be mostly occupied by the galactose residues and/or the N acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate residues. The present observations provided with evidence for the action of endo-beta-glucuronidase and endo-beta-N acetylhexosaminidase on the tissue GAG, specifically on chondroitin sulfates. PMID- 7209968 TI - Hypoglycemia by adrenocortical carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome. AB - A case of adrenocortical carcinoma, a 18-year-old female with Cushing's syndrome and later hypoglycemia, was reported. Cushing's syndrome was corroborated by clinical signs of moon face, obesity, hirsutism and amenorrhea as well as by elevated urinary steroid levels. A huge tumor in the right adrenal region weighing 171 g was removed and histologically diagnosed as adrenocortical carcinoma. Shortly after the surgery, urinary levels of steroid excretion became within normal ranges. However, hypoglycemia with elevated levels of urinary steroid appeared in 6 months postoperatively. She died of massive hemorrhage from gastric ulcer. Autopsy revealed a huge tumor in the right hypochondrial region pressing the liver and right kidney. Tumor cells of autopsy material showed much more anaplastic feature than those of surgical one. Several possible mechanisms for hypoglycemia were discussed. PMID- 7209969 TI - Gastrin response to protein test meal in gastric diseases. AB - The serum gastrin responses after ingestion of hard boiled eggs and Nutrient Broth solution were examined in peptic ulcer patients and normal subjects. The values observed of the serum gastrin response to these test meals were compared and contrasted. A significant enhancement of gastrin release in response to protein was obtained. There were no significant differences between the releases of gastrin after the two test meals. PMID- 7209970 TI - Hemodynamics in the anterior part of the circle of Willis in patients with intracranial aneurysms: a study of cerebral angiography. AB - Cerebral angiography revealed that hypoplasia of the A1 portion of the anterior cerebral artery is more frequent in patients with aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery than in those with aneurysms of other intracranial arteries. As for the hypoplasia of the A1, the angiographic findings corresponded to the surgical findings in 86.9% of all the patients. In patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysms, the incidence of hypoplasia of the A1 portion was about 3 times higher on the right side than on the left side. PMID- 7209971 TI - Plasma concentrations of 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone and 18 hydroxycorticosterone simultaneously measured in normal subjects and adrenocortical disorders. AB - A method for the simultaneous measurement of 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) and 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B) in human peripheral plasma has been developed. The present method consists of extracting plasma with dichloromethane, separating the 18-OH-DOC and 18-OH-B from other steroids on a Sephadex LH-20 column and quantitating each steroid by radioimmunoassay. The mean plasma level of 18-OH-DOC at 8:00 a.m. was 8.2 +/- 3.9 ng/100 ml (mean +/- S.D.) in normal males. It was 7.8 +/- 2.6 ng/100 ml in the follicular phase of normal females and 11.5 +/- 2.8 ng/100 ml in the luteal phase. The corresponding level of 18-OH-B in normal males was 10.3 +/- 4.2 ng/100 ml and in the follicular and luteal phases of normal females was 12.4 +/- 4.5 ng/100 ml and 13.8 +/- 4.1 ng/100 ml, respectively. No sex differences nor difference between the phases of the menstrual cycle was confirmed. Plasma levels of the two steroids were not rarely high in patients with Cushing syndrome due to adrenocortical hyperplasia and carcinoma, primary aldosteronism, idiopathic hyperaldosteronism and congenital 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, while they were usually within the normal range in cases of Cushing syndrome due to adrenocortical adenoma. These steroid levels were significantly low in patients with Addison's disease. PMID- 7209973 TI - Capitation budgeting: an idea whose time has come. PMID- 7209972 TI - Studies on blood coagulation in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. AB - An investigation was made on 23 aspects of coagulation in 14 cases of ulcerative colitis, 5 cases of Crohn's disease and 3 cases of related diseases using a classification of increased and decreased coagulability. Of the 14 cases of ulcerative colitis, 10 were total colitis and 4 were left-sided colitis; 12 were on the active stage and 2 were in a state of remission. Treatment at the time of the investigation included prednisolone and/or Salazopyrin. In these cases, increased fibrinogen content, increased Factor VIII and Factor IX activity, increased platelet count, accelerated platelet aggregation rate and platelet retention rate were found. This hypercoagulability is thought to contribute to the clinical picture of these diseases and may prove useful as an index for determining the severity and prognosis of such cases and for deciding the indication for surgery. Furthermore, in cases where there is a marked increase in coagulability, combined anticoagulant therapy is thought necessary to improve the course of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. PMID- 7209975 TI - The case-type orientation: a new focus for management. PMID- 7209976 TI - Functional value analysis: a technique for reducing hospital overhead costs. PMID- 7209974 TI - Program consolidation and hospital merger: beware the conventional wisdom. PMID- 7209977 TI - [Comparative hepatic toxicity of perhexiline maleate and griseofulvin in mice]. AB - Hepatic toxicity was observed in mice which had received Griseofulvin or Perhexilin Maleate over a period of several months. Treatment of griseofulvin alone gave rise to hepatitis with the presence of Mallory bodies (MB) whereas the same length of treatment with Perhexilin Maleate was associated with steatonecrosis with an absence of MB. When treatment was followed by a one month rest period hepatic lesions disappeared with no trace of sequelae. Cross treatment studies showed that one week of Perhexiline Maleate was sufficient to induce MB in mice pretreated with Griseofulvin. Similarly, Griseofulvin administered to mice pretreated with Perhexilin Maleate gave rise to MB formation after one week as opposed to the usual two months incubation time (DENK et al.). The histological nature and mode of formation of these MB was identical to that encountered in acute alcoholic hepatitis. On addition, combined drug therapy employing Perhexilin Maleate suggests a particular hepatic toxicity in man in cases where the liver has become predisposed due to other therapeutic. PMID- 7209978 TI - [Thermal degradation of tributyltin oxide and pulmonary toxicity of its combustion products in mice and guinea pigs]. AB - Relative to an industrial application, the authors relate results obtained from a peculiar study on the thermic degradation of bis (tri-n-butyltin) oxide (TBTO) at various temperatures and they account for the toxic effects observed after inhaling the combustion products in the mouse and guinea pig. Thermolysis of TBTO between 200 and 600 degrees C gives saturated hydrocarbon and olefin gas, a condensate of tetrabutyltin and dibutyltin oxide and a residue composed of stannous or stannic oxides according to the temperature. Pulmonary toxicity is very important at low temperatures but after heating, toxic effects decrease. The results are confirmed by localisation and histopathologic studies. At 600 degrees C no death appears but some behavioral troubles occur. It's possible that repeated exposures can induce delayed toxicity. PMID- 7209979 TI - [Method of toxicological research of anticoagulant rodenticides (author's transl)]. AB - The analytical method which is described enables to detect principal anticoagulants presently used in France as rodenticides. Its particularity lies in using a mixture of iso octane and dichloromethane 95/5 (V/V) in the extractive part whose output varies according to the compounds from 80 to 25 per cent in supplemented liver. Besides thin layer chromatography which is used to achieve identification and semi quantitative evaluation, spectrometric measurement can be carried through to confirm identity and precise quantity with more accuracy. Sensitivity varying according to compounds, it is possible to detect products whose minimum concentration in biological materials is between 1 and 5 ppm. PMID- 7209980 TI - Considerations on the epidemiology of the Seveso accident. AB - A historical analysis of the Seveso accident and a critical evaluation of the investigations carried out up to now on the subject are reported. On the basis of several considerations, a definition of the magnitude and of the true consequences of the contamination by dioxin and other not clearly identified chemicals, which affected a large area of Northern Italy on July 10 1976, is also attempted. PMID- 7209981 TI - The embryotoxic/teratogenic potential of benzene vapor in rats. PMID- 7209983 TI - Brain necrosis in mouse fetuses transplacentally exposed to the mycotoxin ochratoxin A. PMID- 7209982 TI - Somatosensory deficits in monkeys treated with misonidazole. PMID- 7209984 TI - Rat conceptus development in vitro: comparative effects of alkylating agents. PMID- 7209985 TI - The effects of sodium chromate and carbon tetrachloride on the urinary excretion and tissue distribution of cadmium in cadmium-pretreated rats. PMID- 7209986 TI - Carcinogenesis bioassay of prazepam (Verstran) in rats and mice. PMID- 7209987 TI - Hepatic and renal nonprotein sulfhydryl concentration following toxic doses of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene in the rat: the effect of Aroclor 1254, phenobarbitone, or SKF 525A treatment. PMID- 7209988 TI - Effects of thallium, nickel, and cobalt administration of the lipid peroxidation in different regions of the rat brain. PMID- 7209990 TI - Introduction to the workshop on the application of tissue culture in toxicology. PMID- 7209989 TI - Elimination and metabolism of permethrin isomers in rainbow trout. PMID- 7209991 TI - The interface of toxicology and tissue culture and reflections on the carnation test. AB - The convergence of an imperative for expanded testing of chemicals before they are released into the environment and the maturation of tissue culture as an important tool for biomedical research, has led to the development of in vitro methods for toxicological evaluation. Of the several facets of the interface -- screening, mechanisms, personnel monitoring, and risk assessment -- screening has the broadest interface. The success which has been achieved to date stems from a recognition of the limitations as well as the attributes of in vitro research, extensive validation of specific tests (especially for mutagenesis and carcinogenesis), and the use of test batteries rather than single tests. PMID- 7209992 TI - Metabolism of toxic substances in isolated hepatocytes. AB - Chloroform and selenite toxicity have been studied in isolated hepatocytes. Two different toxic mechanisms, which lead to cellular lysis after distinct lag periods, are compared. Chloroform toxicity can be divided into 2 phases, a first phase characterized by chloroform metabolism and a second phase characterized by lipid peroxidation. GSH depletion during the first phase is claimed to be a prerequisite for lipid peroxidation in the second phase. Selenite metabolism leads to cofactor depletion as well. Selenite reduction via a GSH reductase dependent pathway exhausts the cells of NADPH and this effect can be related to cellular lysis. PMID- 7209993 TI - Effect of decreased glucuronidation and sulfation on covalent binding of naphthalene in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Isolated hepatocytes metabolize naphthalene to water soluble compounds. During metabolism, reactive intermediates are formed which bind irreversibly to cellular macromolecules. When naphthalene concentrations in the incubation were raised from 400 to 1200 microM the formation of water soluble metabolites of the aromatic hydrocarbon increased about twice from 16 to 37 nmol/mg cellular protein X h, whereas covalent binding increased up to 10 times. This suggests a qualitative shift in the metabolic pattern of naphthalene probably due to the exhaustion of inactivating pathways. Inhibition of glucuronidation and sulfation - 2 reactions involved in the metabolism of naphthalene -- did not change the amount of water soluble metabolites but dramatically increased binding. PMID- 7209994 TI - Screening of toxic compounds in tissue culture. AB - To screen toxicity of chemicals most often easily manageable cultures of less differentiated cells have been used. This work includes 3 fields: (i) Screening of chemicals and fermentation broths for their cytoinhibitory effect, to predict antineoplastic activity. A related practical approach is to achieve optimal antitumour drug therapy by testing drugs on cultures of tumour cells from the patient. (ii) Screening of metal and plastic materials used in medicine, surgery and dentistry for their cytoinhibitory effect to predict local irritation. (iii) Screening of the mutagenicity or transformation capacity of chemicals in tissue culture, to predict their carcinogenicity. In addition, organ-specific cultures of most specialized cells (hepatocytes, ova, nerve cells, heart cells, skin cells, respiratory mucosa, and macrophages) have also been used to predict drug action on corresponding targets in the body. The author's group has focused on 2 new uses of standard cells for screening chemical toxicity: (i) Comparisons of in vitro cytotoxicity with in vivo toxicity of 85 randomly selected drugs indicated that for most drugs a systemic lethal action was brought about by cytotoxicity. A screening model is advocated by which results of cytotoxicity tests are compared with systemic toxicity in vivo to evaluate the systemic cytotoxicity of chemicals. (ii) Combinations of compounds with a cytotoxic lethal action in man indicated by the previous method have been screened in vitro for their combined systemic toxicity. By systematic comparison of results from standardized in vitro tests with in vivo toxicity, steps have been taken to resolve the question of the relevance of screening in tissue culture and to contribute to the development of an emerging subdiscipline to toxicology -- in vitro cytotoxicology. PMID- 7209995 TI - The in vitro activities of pathogenic mineral dusts. AB - The pathogenic properties of mineral dusts are described and the range of relatively new materials requiring study is indicated. Since the animal facilities available for testing these potential hazards are limiting the authors describe an in vitro screen being used to select interesting dusts for in vivo experimentation, the type of results obtained are illustrated with some data for dusts derived from the industrially important Zeolites. PMID- 7209996 TI - Sensitivity of Syrian golden hamster fetal lung cells to benzo[a]pyrene and other polycyclic hydrocarbons in vitro. AB - Dose responses were compared of cultured fetal Syrian golden hamster lung cells (FSHL) to the toxic and transforming effects of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[B]F), benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene (I[c,d]P), benzo[k]fluoranthene (B[k]F) and benzo[e]pyrene (B[e]P). Effort was first given to standardising the techniques for evaluating B[a]P dose-responses. These polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were then tested at concentrations of up to 1 microgram/ml, and only B[a]P showed clear cytotoxicity. The transforming effects of B[b]F, B[a]A and I[c,d]P at 1 microgram/ml appeared comparable to those of B[a]P at 0.05 microgram/ml. PMID- 7209997 TI - Cell transformation of BHK 21 C 13 cells by various chemicals with and without S 9 mix. AB - Transformation of BHK 21 C 13 cells was evaluated by the ability of transformed cells to reproduce in semi solid agar (anchorage independent growth). The in vitro test system was carried out according to Styles with modifications. All compounds were tested with and without metabolic activation (S-9 mix). The results demonstrate the importance of a metabolizing system in this cell transformation assay. PMID- 7209998 TI - Sensitivity of several cell systems to acrylamide. AB - Chick spinal ganglia, chick muscle cells combined with mouse spinal cord explants, C1300 neuroblastoma cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells and newborn rat cerebral cells were exposed to various concentrations of acrylamide in culture. Four morphological and 1 electrophysiological parameters were applied in order to score toxic effects. It appeared that the neurite formation of rat cerebral neurons was the most sensitive criterion showing an effect at 10(-7) M acrylamide. PMID- 7209999 TI - Platinum compounds with anti-tumour activity. AB - Ten platinum (Pt) coordination complexes with different ligands, comprising both Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes of which the cis-compounds all possessed at least some anti-tumour activity and the trans-compounds were inactive, were tested as to their effect on cell survival and the induction and repair of DNA damage in cultured Chinese hamster cells (CHO). The tests used were the determination of cytotoxicity, inhibition of the semi-conservative DNA replication, induction of damage in DNA and mutagenicity. The Pt-compounds could be divided in 3 groups on the basis of their cytotoxicity. The compounds with high cytotoxicity were also active anti-tumour drugs, but a clear correlation between cytotoxicity and anti tumour activity was not observed. All compounds inhibited semi-conservative DNA synthesis and induced DNA repair replication. No induction of DNA single strand breaks and DNA cross-links was detected. However, the occurrence of alkali labile sites in the DNA of treated CHO cells demonstrated the induction of unidentified DNA base damages. The 4 compounds tested so far, 2 cis- and 2 trans-Pt complexes, induced mutations in CHO cells, leading to resistance to 6-thioguanine; the cis compounds were more mutagenic than the trans-compounds. PMID- 7210000 TI - Cytotoxic effects of air pollutants on mammalian cells in vitro. AB - Extract and fractions of city smog collected from a heavy industrialized area caused in vitro dose-dependent reduction of cell survival of mouse macrophages and a growth inhibition of human fetal diploid lung fibroblasts. Great differences were observed in both cell systems between the total extract and its different fractions. Cytotoxicity declined in the sequence of total extract followed by fractions of cyclohexane, methanol, propanol and of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Our results illustrate that samples of city smog contain highly toxic substances for mammalian cells in vitro. Differences in cytotoxicity of particular fractions indicate that toxic agents belong to various classes of chemical substances. PMID- 7210001 TI - Effect of nickel chloride and cadmium acetate on the development of preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. AB - Preimplantation mouse embryos were used to investigate the toxic effect of nickel chloride and cadmium acetate on early embryo development in vitro. Embryos at the 2- and 4-8 cell stage were cultured in approximately 0.05 ml of mouse embryo culture medium (No. 16), overlaid with paraffin oil and incubated in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air for 48 h. NiCl2 . 6H2O was added to the culture medium at concentrations of 10-1000 microM, Cd(CH3COO)2 . 2H2O at concentrations of 10-50 microM. Morphological criteria were used to check embryonic development. Ten micromolars of nickel chloride affected adversely the development of Day 2 embryos (2-cell stage), whereas 300 microM was needed to affect Day 3 embryos (8 cell stage). Toxic effect of cadmium acetate on Day 2 embryos was observed at a concentration of 10 microM. PMID- 7210002 TI - Screening and characterization of membrane damaging effects in tissue culture. AB - A leakage test system for specific detection, measurement and characterization of membrane damage in human lung fibroblasts is discussed. Examples of applications with various types of substances are presented, i.e. tobacco smoke compounds; animal, plant and microbial cytolysins; membrane damaging antibiotics. PMID- 7210003 TI - Comparative toxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics towards the lysosomes in a cell culture model. AB - Cultured rat fibroblasts were used to compare the cellular toxicity of 4 aminoglycosides: accumulation of the antibiotic in the lysosomes, its adverse effect on phospholipases and consequently the intralysosomal accumulation of phospholipids. Gentamicin and Tobramycin are more noxious than Netilmicin and Amikacin. These data, when corrected for the lesser capture of Tobramycin by the kidney proximal tubules, closely match the toxicological evaluation of these aminoglycosides on the basis of animal and clinical studies. PMID- 7210004 TI - Mechanisms of neurotoxicity as studied in tissue culture systems. AB - This presentation focused on describing the unique aspects of nervous tissue which make it susceptible to toxicological insult. It reviewed the published literature of compounds that have been studied in tissue culture of nerve tissue and compared the data in vivo toxicity studies with that obtained from the tissue culture system. Further, neuronal activity as a determinant of neurotoxicity was discussed as a basic mechanism to understand toxicological outcomes. PMID- 7210005 TI - Toxic effects of ozone on human cells in vitro, exposed by gas diffusion through teflon film. AB - An exposure system has been developed in which direct interaction between ozone and cultured cells can be realized by gas diffusion through thin teflon films supporting the cells growing under normal tissue culture conditions (Alink et al., Chemosphere 2, 63-73, 1979). Confluent monolayers of human alveolar type II cells (A549) were exposed to 0.1 or 0.2 micrograms ozone/culture dish (growth area 12 cm2) in 2.5 h. Viability and plating efficiency were decreased at both concentrations, as compared to control cells. After exposure to 0.1 microgram ozone the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher than in unexposed cells due to an increase of the mitochondrial component of SOD. Morphological studies of the cells after exposure to ozone, using light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, revealed alterations like a rounded shape, disappearance of microvilli and disintegration of the cytoplasm. In spite of these effects, the plasma membrane showed no ultrastructural damage, suggesting that the primary reaction with ozone had taken place at the molecular level. These results further indicate that exposure of cultured cells to ozone by means of gas diffusion through teflon films may contribute to the evaluation of the toxic effects of this pollutant in vitro. PMID- 7210006 TI - Mechanisms of chromium toxicity in mammalian cell cultures. AB - Our observations about the cytotoxic and cytogenetic effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium compounds in mammalian cells cultured in vitro are reviewed. Additional data concerning the induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges, the inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, the interference with nucleotide metabolism, and the modification of membrane-linked enzyme activity are reported. A possible mechanism of chromium action is proposed. PMID- 7210007 TI - The synthesis of metallothionein and cellular adaptation to metal toxicity in primary rat kidney epithelial cell cultures. AB - Single cells were isolated from rat (100-150 g) kidney cortex slices by mild trypsinization. They were plated on plastic culture dishes and were maintained in a selective Eagle's D-Valine Minimum Essential Media (MEM) to form an epithelial cell monolayer culture. The fibroblast growth was retarded by D-Valine. The cells in monolayer culture accumulated cadmium when they were incubated with a 109CdCl2 (10(-5) M) containing medium. The synthesis of metallothionein by these cells was demonstrated by incorporation of [35S]cysteine and 109CdCl2 in a heat stable protein (mol. wt 10,000) within 8 h of exposure and also by immunoprecipitation using a specific antibody to rat liver metallothionein. The cytotoxic effects of Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ were studied in culture after addition of various concentrations of metal salts (10(-5)-10(-2) M). Disrupted cellular colonies with severe cell damage were observed after addition of 10(-3) M Cd2+ or Hg2+ as CdCl2 or HgCl2 while similar toxicity was observed only after addition of 10(-2) M Zn2+ or Cu2+ as ZnSO4 or CuSO4 to confluent cell cultures. The cellular damage due to Cd2+ was protected when the cells were pretreated with Cd2+ (10(-5) M) for 24 h and these cells could tolerate much higher concentrations of cadmium (10(-2) M). These results indicate a direct protective role of intracellular metallothionein in the cellular toxicity of cadmium. PMID- 7210009 TI - Ascorbic acid effect on methylcholanthrene-induced transformation in C3H10T1/2 clone 8 cells. AB - Ascorbic acid (50 micrograms/ml), added to the culture medium on a biweekly basis, suppresses the methylcholanthrene-induced transformation of C3H10T1/2 cells. PMID- 7210010 TI - Mechanism of methylmercury cytotoxicity: by biochemical and morphological experiments using cultured cells. AB - Effects of methylmercury on the cell growth of mouse glioma in vitro were studied in relation to the microtubules as a possible target. The electron microscopic observation revealed that methylmercury added in culture medium specifically attacked microtubules in the cells at growth inhibitory concentration, while mercuric mercury injured microtubules to the same extent as other cell organelles. However the latter showed a little stronger depressing effect on tubulin polymerization in vitro than the former. Further, 3 other inorganic metal ions (Cd2+, Cu2+ and Cr3+), which were reported to suppress tubulin polymerization in vitro, did not disturb the microtubule networks even at their cell growth inhibitory concentrations. Therefore, of these metal compounds tested, when they were added in the culture medium, methylmercury seemed to specifically interact with microtubules and cause inhibition of cell growth. PMID- 7210011 TI - 8402 human cell culture--a model for evaluating bilirubin-albumin interactions with drug. AB - The effect of therapeutic concentration of sulfisuxazole (sulfa) on the bilirubin uptake and viability of 8402 cells in culture was studied. The total bilirubin was kept constant at 24 microM and albumin was added to obtain bilirubin-albumin molar ratio (BAMR) ranging from 0.5 to 2. The effect of sulfa on unbound bilirubin (UB) was measured by the peroxidase assay. Sulfa increased UB at all BAMR's more so at 1.5 and 2.0 (P less than 0.05). Significant increase in bilirubin uptake/cell with a corresponding decrease in cell viability was noted with sulfa at BAMR's greater than 1 (P less than 0.05). The LD50 of these cells was 73-86 nM of UB. A plot of cell viability versus UB for the combined control and sulfa data (r2 = 0.94) confirms that the decrease in cell viability with increasing BAMR is explained by the corresponding rise in UB. Therefore, increase in UB by sulfa leads to toxicity of 8402 cells. Thus, we speculate that they may be used to study the mechanism of bilirubin neurotoxicity induced by similar drugs. PMID- 7210008 TI - The use of spinal cord cell cultures in the study of neurotoxicological agents. AB - Primary cell cultures of mouse embryo spinal cords were used to study the biological effects of exposure to organophosphate esters and neurotoxic amino acids. The effects of exposure were correlated with markers of cholinergic function. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms whereby xenobiotics produce neurotoxicologic damage. PMID- 7210013 TI - Summing up the International Workshop on the Application of Tissue Culture in Toxicology. AB - A summary is given of the present state of the use of tissue cultures in toxicology, as it emerged from the workshop. The need for better education in in vitro toxicology and for extensive comparison of results with those from in vivo studies is pointed out. Some of the important difficulties in the application of tissue cultures to toxicological problems are highlighted, as are the needs for basic research on tissue cultures and those for better communication between scientists, legislators, money sources and laymen. PMID- 7210012 TI - Ethane production of mouse peritoneal macrophages as indication for lipid peroxidation and the effect of heavy metals. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages cultivated for 24 h produced ethane which is a new index for lipid peroxidation reactions, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), an alternative method, did not increase. This is explained by the metabolism of MDA by macrophages after addition of MDA, whereas the gaseous ethane added remained constant. This indicates that ethane rather than MDA is a reliable parameter for lipid peroxide formation by macrophages. Divalent heavy metal ions were examined for their effect on ethane formation and on cell viability. Whereas the amount of ethane formed by macrophages in presence of CdCl2 and MnCl2 remained fairly constant, PbCl2 and ZnCl2 resulted in decreased ethane production up to 60%. But with all these metals the viability decreased much more and did not correlate with the ethane formation. With some concentrations of FeCl2 an increased ethane formation was observed which was accompanied by decreased viability of the cells. The results are consistent with the view that heavy metals interfere with the oxygen radical reactions of macrophages, and that viability of macrophages is not closely related to these oxidative reactions. PMID- 7210014 TI - Toxicity to HeLa cell of 205 drugs as determined by the metabolic inhibition test supplemented by microscopy. AB - The toxicity of 205 drugs to HeLa cells was evaluated by the Metabolic Inhibition Test supplemented by microscopy. Two end points of cyto-inhibition were estimated; total and partial inhibition after 24 h, based on absence or scarcity of spindle-shaped cells, respectively, and total and partial inhibition after 7 days, based on different degrees of basic pH change of the phenol red included in the cell medium. Direct drug-induced pH changes and precipitates in the cultures were also recorded. Many drugs were found to induce a culture zone with a particularly low pH after 7 days of incubation, at concentrations below the cyto inhibitory concentration. Forty-three drugs regularly caused this hyperacid reaction, while 44 drugs caused the reaction irregularly. Since the reaction was always continuous with the cyto-inhibitory zone, it was provisionally judged to represent excitatory cell injury. Since many of the drugs which regularly induced the reaction are also known to induce proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum in various cells, the reaction may be related to this and allied effects. Many drugs that are known to accumulate in cells displayed a high inhibitory toxicity, which might have been due to the paucity of cells in the test system. However, the high 7-day inhibitory toxicity shown by antineoplastic and some anti inflammatory drugs, including triamterene and disulfiram, may constitute a genuine antimetabolic drug action. Seven grand mal antiepileptics were only very slightly toxic as compared with their precipitating tendency, which may be of significance in their therapeutic action. PMID- 7210015 TI - Effect of a concomitant single dose of ethanol on the hepatotoxicity and metabolism of acetaminophen in mice. AB - A concomitant single dose of ethanol (1 g/kg) protected mice from hepatic injury induced by acetaminophen (250 mg/kg) as evidenced by the lowering of plasma transaminases. Pharmacokinetic studies with [14C]acetaminophen indicated that ethanol enhanced the initial blood concentrations of radiolabel and its rate of elimination. A tissue distribution study suggested that these effects were probably due to an ethanol-induced inhibition of the biliary clearance of acetaminophen from the blood. Examination of the urinary and biliary metabolites indicated that ethanol inhibited the excretion of the degradation products derived from the glutathione-deactivated hepatotoxic acetaminophen intermediate. The decrease in acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity was therefore attributed to an inhibitory effect of ethanol on the biotransformation of acetaminophen to the toxic intermediate. PMID- 7210016 TI - Effects of chlordiazepoxide on the pre- and postnatal development of rats. AB - Chlordiazepoxide HCl, a widely used tranquilizer, was evaluated for pre- and postnatal effects in rats by dosing orally on days 1--21 of gestation. In the prenatal study, maternally tolerated doses of 10, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day of chlordiazepoxide produced a dose-related decrease in fetal weight and an increased incidence of skeletal anomalies. The latter consisted of retarded calvarial ossification and miscellaneous sternal defects. In the postnatal study, the parturition was delayed for 24 h in a few dams from the 25 and 50 mg/kg groups. There was a reduction in the pup survival and mean pup weight, an increase in the number of runts, an impairment in locomotion and a delay in hair growth and opening of vagina. The 12-week-old female offspring in the 50 mg/kg group manifested a marked prolongation of hexobarbital sleeping time; suggesting that the hepatic microsomal enzymes have been suppressed in these animals. PMID- 7210017 TI - Role of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in abortions and premature labour. AB - Premature labour and abortion possibly due to the high concentration of organochlorine pesticides have been investigated. Considerably higher amounts of organochlorine pesticide residues have been detected by gas liquid chromatography in the circulating blood and placental tissue of the women undergoing abortion or premature labour as compared with pregnant women in full term labour. The differences are highly significant for all pesticides estimated. PMID- 7210018 TI - Decrease of reduced glutathione in isolated rat hepatocytes caused by acrolein, acrylonitrile, and the thermal degradation products of styrene copolymers. AB - Decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) was induced in isolated rat hepatocytes by incubation with acrolein or acrylonitrile for 120 min or exposure to the products of oxidative thermal degradation of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), and high impact polystyrene (SB). The decrease of GSH by acrolein was rapid but the cells soon recovered at acrolein concentrations of 0.025--0.25 mM. 0.5 mM acrolein depleted the cells of GSH and they were uncapable of further GSH synthesis. At concentrations of 0.25- 0.5 mM concomitant lipid peroxidation impaired the integrity of the cell membranes. Also acrylonitrile induced a dose dependent GSH decrease at concentrations of 0.05--1 mM. Neither membrane damage nor lipid peroxidation was detected during 120-min incubations at these acrylonitrile concentrations. The thermal degradation products of ABS, SAN and SB caused a decrease of GSH in hepatocytes. The extent of the decrease depended on the degradation temperature and the type of the plastic. The membrane integrity was impaired in the cases where GSH was depleted almost completely; ABS degraded at 350 degrees C and SB at 250 degrees C. The measurements of lipid peroxidation by the thiobarbituric acid and the diene conjugation methods were impossible because the degradation products contained compounds which interfered with these tests. PMID- 7210019 TI - Effects of tobacco smoke compounds on the noradrenaline induced oxidative metabolism in isolated brown fat cells. AB - The effect on cell metabolism of 320 individual smoke components have been investigated by measuring their inhibition of noradrenaline induced respiration in isolated hamster brown fat cells. The compounds are representative of the gaseous and semivolatile phases of tobacco smoke. The strongest inhibitors were found within the groups of aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes and acids, of alkylated phenols and indoles and of alpha,beta-unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. Some of the aliphatic aldehydes and acids significantly increased the basal respiration of the cells, probably by acting as substrates and/or uncoupling of mitochondrial respiratory control. PMID- 7210020 TI - Dose-related hepatotoxicity of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane in short term intermittent inhalation exposure in rats. AB - Male Wistar rats were exposed to 200, 1000 or 2000 ppm of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2 trifluoroethane vapor 5 days a week 6 h daily for 1 or 2 weeks. Proliferation and vacuolisation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of the liver was seen electron microscopically after 1 and 2 weeks in the rats exposed to 1000 and 2000 ppm. Among the hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity showed a dose-related decrease whereas the tightly membrane-bound UDPglucuronosyltransferase exhibited a dose-dependent enhancement in its measurable activity. The overall drug oxidation reaction, 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylase was not affected by the 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2,-trifluoroethane inhalation at all, either in the liver or in the kidneys. 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2 trifluoroethane binds to cytochrome P-450 with the production of a type I difference spectrum, suggesting that it may act as a substrate for this enzyme. The binding affinity is increased by phenobarbital-treatment of the rats. PMID- 7210021 TI - Incorporation of saturated and cis- and trans-unsaturated long chain fatty acids in rat myocytes and increased susceptibility to arrhythmias. AB - Neonatal rat heart myocytes cultured for 3 days in fatty acid-enriched (5 X 10(5) M stearate, oleate, elaidate, linoleate, linoelaidate or arachidonate at a 3 : 1, fatty acid (FA/albumin ratio) were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the FA content of their neutral lipid, glyco cardiolipid and phospholipid fractions and were tested for their susceptibility to arrhythmias produced by hypoxic/normoxic medium changes. Increases in the relative amount of FA in the above lipid fractions were generally in the order: elaidate = linoelaidate greater than linoleate = arachidonate greater than stearate = oleate. Cell morphology was unaffected by such treatment, but the cultures were more susceptible to induced arrhythmias. Cultures enriched with trans-FA, elaidate or linoelaidate, became markedly arrhythmic; arrhythmias in stearate-enriched cultures were of short duration; whereas the other FA produced intermediate increases. Susceptibility to arrhythmias could not be correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA/saturated fatty acid (SATFA) ratios of FA in the phospholipid fraction. PMID- 7210022 TI - Acute tobacco smoke exposure alters the profile of metabolites produced from benzo[alpha]pyrene by the isolated perfused rabbit lung. AB - The influence of whole tobacco smoke or the gas phase from smoke on the metabolism of [14C]benzo[alpha]pyrene was examined using the isolated perfused rabbit lung model. Fresh whole tobacco smoke mixed with the air ventilating the perfused lung produces an immediate and dose related decrease in the metabolism of [14C]benzo[alpha]pyrene. The metabolites of [14C]benzo[alpha]pyrene, diols, quinones, phenols and polar compounds are generally decreased in quantity. At the lowest level of smoke administered the percentage of BP-7,8-diol produced is increased dramatically. The results indicate that one of the factors contributing to the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke may be its ability to produce an immediate alteration in the pulmonary metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 7210023 TI - Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate enhances the release of lysosomal enzymes from alveolar macrophages during phagocytosis. AB - Lung tissue damage, histologically similar to protease induced lung lesions, has been previously demonstrated in animals exposed to the plasticizer, di-(2 ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). In an attempt to identify the mechanism responsible for this damage, we have examined the effect of DEHP on alveolar macrophages. Serum solubilized DEHP has a significant effect on both the phagocytosis of latex particles and lysosomal enzyme released from rabbit alveolar macrophages. Pre exposure to 2 mg% of DEHP caused a 2-fold increase in the rate of phagocytosis and an 8-fold and 10-fold increase, respectively, in the release of the lysosomal hydrolases beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase. Although exposure to 2 mg% DEHP caused an 8-fold increase in in vitro cell death, pre-exposure to DEHP had only minimal effect on death during subsequent cell culture, as indicated by measurement of dye exclusion and the release of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The relationship between the DEHP induced increase in lysosomal enzyme release from alveolar macrophages and the pathological and histological effects of DEHP on pulmonary tissue is discussed, particularly with respect to patients receiving multiple blood transfusions. PMID- 7210024 TI - Studies on the embryotoxic effects of ortho-, meta- and para-xylene. PMID- 7210025 TI - Acute skin phototoxicity in hairless mice following exposure to crude shale oil or natural petroleum oil. AB - The acute skin phototoxicity in hairless mice resulting from applications of crude shale oil or natural petroleum oil and exposure to near ultraviolet light has been investigated. In addition, the absorption and excitation-emission spectra of these oils have been described. While the application of crude shale oil alone was shown to elicit acute skin damage, the combination of the crude shale oil and near ultraviolet light induced skin damage much more severe than that produced by either agent alone. In contrast, the application of the natural petroleum oil and near ultraviolet light was less toxic than that of the crude shale oil in the absence of light. These results suggest that a potential health hazard exists from contact with shale oil compounds and exposure to near ultraviolet light from either the sun or artificial sources. PMID- 7210026 TI - Purification of two phospholipase A isoenzymes with anticoagulant activity from the venom of the cobra Naja naja siamensis. PMID- 7210029 TI - Purification, from Australian elapid venoms, and properties of phospholipases A which cause myoglobinuria in mice. PMID- 7210027 TI - The effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom and two of its constituents, melittin and phospholipase A2, on the cardiovascular system of the rat. PMID- 7210028 TI - The influence of patulin on rat fetus and rat and human placenta enzymes. PMID- 7210030 TI - The complete primary structures of three cytotoxins (CM-6, CM-7 and CM-7A) from Naja naja kaouthia (Siamese cobra) snake venom. PMID- 7210031 TI - Comparative lethality of venoms from stinging hymenoptera. PMID- 7210032 TI - Evaluation of trypsin treatment for snakebite envenomation. PMID- 7210033 TI - Effect of some Egyptian and African snake venoms on blood levels of sodium and potassium. PMID- 7210034 TI - Lantadene A content and toxicity of the lantana plant (Lantana camara, Linn.) to guinea pigs. PMID- 7210035 TI - The cardiotoxic effects of alligator gar (Lepisosteus spatula) roe on the isolated turtle heart. PMID- 7210036 TI - Resistance of monkeys to aerosol administration of purified cholera enterotoxin. PMID- 7210038 TI - Longevity of symphony conductors. PMID- 7210039 TI - Cardiovascular diseases--United States, Canada, and Western Europe. PMID- 7210037 TI - Expectation of life in the United States at new high. PMID- 7210040 TI - [Radiotherapy of para-aortal lymphomas with Co 60 gamma radiation (author's transl)]. AB - With regard to 16 cases of testicle tumors and Hodgkin disease which are well proved by X-ray diagnosis, the mono-axial and bisectorial pendulum movement over 100 degrees is submitted to a critical consideration. The authors resume that the big lymph nodes are not always covered in an optimal manner, however, the radiation exposure of the kidneys is often relatively high. The values of different alternative methods are discussed on the basis of computer isodoses relating to a constant phantom cross-section. In view of tumor covering as well as kidney and spinal marrow exposure, the most favourable dose distribution is reached by a mono-axial and bisectorial pendulum movement combined with a contralaterial irradiation method. This method seems to be specially suited for the routine therapy of lymphomas requiring an irradiation with 5,000 rd or more because of their bigness or their low radiosensitivity. PMID- 7210041 TI - Malignant tumours of the parotid glands. AB - In malignant tumours of the parotid gland the tumour size, the function of the facial nerve before treatment and the presence of metastatic regional lymph nodes are important prognostic factors. An internationally accepted TNM-Classification is mandatory for deciding on treatment and for reviewing the results. PMID- 7210042 TI - [Thyroid malignomas after irradiation of the neck (eight own observations) author's transl)]. AB - Eight own cases of thyroid neoplasias are presented the anamnesis of which shows an irradiation in the head-neck region. After a short survey of the existing literature, the authors discuss the influence of the dose, the relatively long latent time and the different tissular tumor types (carcinomas and sarcomas) in dependence on the age of the patient at the time of irradiation. PMID- 7210043 TI - [A new type of radioactive wires and "hairpins" for the interstitial curietherapy of malignant tumors (author's transl)]. AB - A new method has been developed for the production of radioactive wires and "hairpins" showing from their middle up to their ends a linear increase of specific activity. The advantages offered by these wires and "hairpins" have been introduced with good results in a series of new implantation methods for the interstitial curietherapy of malignant tumors. PMID- 7210044 TI - [Improvement of the radiological protection in the interstitial radiotherapy with radiogold seeds (author's transl)]. AB - In spite of all its advantages, the interstitial therapy with radiogold seeds has the disadvantage to expose the staff to a higher radiation loading than other nuclides and therapy methods. For the application of an implantation canula with linear arrangement of the radiogold seeds before the ejector (according to Hellriegel), the authors propose a simple device which can also be self fabricated, to protect from gamma radiation during transport and laying down of the set ready for use. Construction and application are described. At a distance of 10 cm from the lead container, the radiation dose amounts to 0.3 mR/h per 1 mCi (37 MBq) of the activity of the seeds. The use of interstitial radiotherapy is also possible in small departments. The authors inform their practical experiences gained during the treatment of 26 patients. PMID- 7210045 TI - DNA radiosensitivity in carcinoma of the human cervix. AB - The radiosensitivity of DNA in human cervix carcinoma was examined by using alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation to measure radiation-induced single strand breaks. The DNA strand-break efficiencies observed in DNA of 18 specimens fell into two distinct groups, radiosensitive and radioresistant. The difference in DNA radiosensitivity may be correlated with the pathological classifications of the carcinomas. PMID- 7210046 TI - [Concentration of neuraminic acid in the serum of tumor patients (author's transl)]. AB - The neuraminic acid level in the serum of 588 patients was determined. The patients suffered from bronchial carcinomas other malignant diseases (mastocarcinoma, carcinoma of the cervix and the body of the uterus, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), and benign pulmonary diseases (tuberculosis of the lungs and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases). The average level of 162 patients with bronchial carcinomas is 3,449 mumol/ml of serum; thus it is significantly higher than the average level of 98 sound control persons (2,336 mumol/ml) and 88 patients with benign pulmonary diseases (2,733) mumol/ml). The other patients with malignant diseases also presented an increased concentration of neuraminic acid in the serum, however, this increase was not as significant as for the patients with bronchial carcinomas. The possible role of neuraminic acid as biological "marker" is discussed. PMID- 7210047 TI - A new concept of cumulative biological effect. AB - The basis of the NSD concept is systematically reviewed and compared with that used in derivation of a new factor describing a cumulative biological effect (CBE) at the end of a fractionated irradiation. It is shown that some basic assumptions used in derivation of NSD and TDF factors cannot be fulfilled. The new CBE factor is free of this deficiency; it can be useful especially for studying biological effects of different irradiation beams. PMID- 7210048 TI - The combined action of X-irradiation, drug and hyperthermia on the DNA in mammalian cells in vitro. AB - The effects of the alkylating cytostatic drug PTC on the production of radiation induced single-strand breaks in DNA, and on the repair in L cells incubated at 37 degrees or 42 degrees C were studied. The same amount of SSB is obtained when the cells are treated simultaneously with PTC and hyperthermia as when irradiated with 2 500 rad, but different rate in the rejoining was observed. There is no potentiation of SSB formation by pretreatment of cells with 10 microgram PTC/ml for 2 hours at 42 degrees C before irradiation, but in these cells less effective repair occurs. The effect of PTC on the rejoining of SSB induced with 2 500 rad depends on the drug's concentration and post-incubation time. PMID- 7210049 TI - [Variability of the dose effect in the radio-biologic experimentation on animals. First communication:influence of breed, sex and age on death rates and LD 50/30 values (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210050 TI - Radioresponse of peripheal blood and its modification by MPG (2 mercaptopropionylglycine) in mice. I. Erythrocytes. AB - Radiation-induced peripheral blood erythrocyte changes were studied in male Swiss albino mice after whole-body exposure to different doses of gamma-radiation (250 R, 500 R and 1000 R) with or without the drug, MPG. MPG did not have any effect on the initial cell depression, but it afforded significant protection at later intervals with sublethal gamma doses (250 R and 500 R). However, after lethal exposure (1000 R) the drug did not show any protective effect. PMID- 7210051 TI - [Responsibility, status and role of the medical physicist in the Federal Republic of Germany (author's transl)]. AB - Pursuant to the regulations of the Roentgenverordnung (decree about X-ray examination and therapy), the Strahlenschutzverordnung (decree about radiological protection), and the Richtlinie Strahlenschutz in der Medizin (guide-line for radiological protection in medical practice), the responsible collaboration of a physicist on the diagnostic and therapeutic application of ionizing radiation is prescribed by law or, at least, seems reasonable with regard to the protection of the patient. This is why the authors describe the tasks and necessary qualifications of the physicist (competence as to radiological protection and professional admission) which are prescribed by law in the Federal Republic of Germany or which are desirable with respect to the performance of radioprotective measures during the application of ionizing radiation in medical practice. Furthermore, the authors summarize the results of a recently made inquiry about the state (e.g. education, professional experience, participation in medical care) and the role of the medical physicist (e.g. institutionalization of Medical Physics, educational work). PMID- 7210052 TI - [Valency of postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of mammary carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210053 TI - [Importance of computed tomography in irradiation planning for the thoracic region (author's transl)]. AB - The target volumes, anatomical distances and isodose curves in 62 patients undergoing irradiation of the thoracic region have been defined and compared for treatment planning, using an idealized transversal body section on the one hand, and computed tomograms on the other hand. 74% revealed nonconformance of the target volumes, and correction on the radiation field was therefore necessary in 62%, according to the CT-findings. Computed tomograms are superior to conventional treatment planning because they present individual body sections. Thus, deviations of the peak doses amounted to more than 10%: in the region of the mediastinum 7%, in the region of th lungs 29%, and in the region of the spinal cord 13% of the cases. PMID- 7210054 TI - An experimental check of published depth dose tables (HVL: 0.8-2.5 mm Cu). AB - The author has compared the absorbed dose rate (at a depth of 5 cm in water) of 89 different X-ray beams (HVL: 0.8-2.5 mm Cu) determined from the free-in-air exposure rate values with those measured directly in a water phantom. A total of 16 X-ray units from the four different types used in Hungary were involved in the intercomparison. The ratio of the two dose values were 1.005 if depth dose tables of Brit. J. Radiol., Suppl. 11. (open ended applicators) were used, for Wachsmann Drexler tables it was 1.019. The agreement was poor (0.898) if the absorbed dose rate was determined on the base of the Hungarian Standard (the tables of it are taken from the Brit. J. Radiol., Suppl. 10., closed ended applicators). The difference was explained mainly by the different relative depth dose values. PMID- 7210055 TI - Computer generation of cobalt-60 single beam dose distribution using an analytical beam model. AB - A beam dose calculation model based on evaluation of tissue air ratios (TAR) and scatter air ratios (SAR) for cobalt-60 beams of rectangular cross section has been developed. Off-central axis fall-off of primary radiation intensity is derived by an empirical formulation involving an arctangent function with the slope of the geometrical penumbra acting as an essential constant. Central axis TAR and SAR values are assessed by semi-empirical polynomial expressions employing the two sides of the rectangular field as the variables. The model utilises a minimum number of parametric constants and is useful for computer generation of isodose curves. The model is capable of accounting for situations where wedge filters or split field shielding blocks, are encountered. Further it could be widely applied with minor modifications to several makes of the currently available cobalt-60 units. The paper explains the model and shows examples of the results obtained in comparison with the corresponding experimentally determined dose distributions. PMID- 7210056 TI - Inhibition of nucleic acid and chromatin binding of the rat prostate androgen receptor by pyridoxal phosphate, heparin and Cibacron blue. AB - The androgen receptor from rat prostate binds 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and related androgenic steroids at a steroid binding site and in addition shows selective binding to structures related to nucleic acids (chromatin binding site). Cytoplasmic androgen receptor, labeled with the synthetic androgen methyltrienolone (R 1881) was readily bound at 40c by 2',5'-ADP-agarose, DNA cellulose and phosphocellulose. The binding to ADP-agarose and DNA-cellulose was used as a model for study of the nucleic acid binding site of the receptor. Complete elution of androgen receptors from these matrices could be obtained with low concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate (10 mM), heparin (0.2 mg/ml) and Cibacron blue (0.4 mM). Sodium molybdate (10 mM) did not interfere significantly with binding of the androgen receptor to ADP-agarose and had little effect on elution of receptors from the gel. Pyridoxal phosphate, heparin and Cibacron blue in low ionic strength buffers were also shown to be very effective for the extraction of androgen receptors from nuclei of rat prostatic tissue. These results suggest gross similarities in the structure of the androgen receptor with activated forms of receptors for corticoids, estrogens and progestins with respect to nucleic acid binding. PMID- 7210057 TI - Kinetic study of HCG induced decrease of microsomal 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in rat testes. AB - Microsomes from rat testes were incubated with varying concentrations of 14C labelled testosterone and androstenedione. The production of 7 alpha hydroxytestosterone and 7 alpha-hydroxyandrostenedione was followed; Km and Vm values were calculated from Lineweaver-Burk curves. A sustained treatment of rats with HCG resulted in a considerable decrease of the maximal 7 alpha-hydroxylation rats (Vm) whereas the Km value was not changed. Vm of microsomes from normal rats, when incubated with microsomes from HCG-treated animals, was also decreased substantially. It is concluded that HCG-induced depression of 7 alpha hydroxylation capacity of testicular microsomes is at least in part due to non competitive inhibition of the enzyme. PMID- 7210058 TI - Developmental pattern of testosterone production by the rat testis. AB - We studied the steroidogenic activity of isolated Leydig cells derived from rats on fetal day 19 (F19) and postnatal (N) days 1, 12, 24, 34, 45 and adults. Leydig cells, isolated at all ages by the collagenase method, increased in number throughout development with a doubling time of 8 days. Testicular content and serum concentrations of testosterone showed parallel changes during development. Moderate values were found at the early stages (F19 and N1), with a nadir on day 12, followed by a progressive increment to reach maximal values in adulthood. A reduction in steroidogenic activity of the testis during neonatal life was confirmed by in vitro studies with isolated Leydig cells. Maximal activity was found in group F19; testosterone production diminished after birth to reach a minimum in group N34 and rose thereafter to adulthood. Leydig cells were responsive to hCG stimulation at all ages in the following order: N1 greater than N34 greater than F19 greater than N24 greater than N45 greater than adult. The present study demonstrates the existence of an active and hCG-responsive population of Leydig cells in the rat testis from fetal life to adulthood. PMID- 7210059 TI - Bile acids in the fetal rat: effect of maternal bile duct ligation. AB - The effect of bile duct ligation during pregnancy in rats (thereby increasing maternal plasma bile acids levels) on the bile acid content and composition in the fetus was examined. In spite of 30-fold increase in maternal plasma cholic acid, the bile acid content in the fetus of bile duct ligated rats was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) with a significant reduction in cholic acid content. Plasma cholesterol levels of fetuses from bile duct ligated rats were also significantly lower (p less than 0.05). In addition to the commonly expected bile acids, gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the fetal bile acid pool showed peaks corresponding to several secondary bile acids. These results suggest that the transfer of primary bile acids of maternal origin into the fetus is minimal. PMID- 7210060 TI - Immunological interference of the synthetic aromatase inhibitor 1,4,6 androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) and its metabolite(s) in the radioimmunoassay for testosterone. AB - Radioimmunoassay (RIA) for testosterone (T) in unchromatographed plasma extracts from ATD-treated rats gave spuriously high values for T. Cross-reaction and chromatographic studies subsequently showed that ATD and, to a much greater extent, its metabolite(s) were responsible for this overestimation. Celite column chromatography proved to be an effective way of separating T from ATD and its product(s) of metabolism. PMID- 7210061 TI - Microbial degradation of the phytosterol side-chain to 24-oxo products. AB - A mutant of the potent sterol degrader Mycobacterium fortuitum (ATCC 6842) has been isolated which is defective in its ability to degrade both the steroid nucleus and sterol side-chains that are branched at the 24-position. Bioconversions of phytosterol mixtures by this mutant resulted in the accumulation of the novel 24-oxo intermediates 9-hydroxy-27-nor-4-cholestene-3,24 dione (II) and 9-hydroxy-26,27-dinor-4-cholestene-3,24-dione (III). Under the same conditions, cholesterol is degraded mainly to 9-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17 dione (I) by this organism. PMID- 7210063 TI - Experimental brain infarcts in cats. I. Pathophysiological observations. AB - In 48 cases the left middle cerebral artery was occluded under light barbiturate anaesthesia using a transorbital approach. The animals were kept alive for 1, 2, and 4 hours after vascular occlusion. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by the intracardiac microsphere injection technique before ischemia, 15 min after the onset of ischemia, and at the end of experiments. The density of regional ischemia was correlated with EEG changes and with the electrolyte, water and metabolite content of the same tissue samples in which blood flow was assessed. In the territory of the occluded middle cerebral artery, cortical blood flow decreased from 41.4 +/- 3.8 to 21.3 +/- 4.0 ml/100 g/min (means +/- SE), the actual flow rate depending on the individual efficacy of collateral blood supply. At flow rates below 10--15 ml/100 g/min, ischemia involved more than 50% of the middle cerebral artery territory, water and electrolyte homeostasis was severely disturbed and ischemic brain edema developed. Adenosine triphosphate decreased to about 60% of the control value at flow rates below 40 ml/100 g/min, but it remained at this level down to flow rates as low as 5 ml/100 g/min. EEG intensity -- but not EEG frequency -- decreased in parallel with blood flow, indicating that with increasing density of ischemia an increasing portion of the excitable neuropil was inhibited. The development of ischemic brain edema determined the further progression of ischemia. When blood flow decreased below the threshold for water and ion disturbance, ischemia was progressive (critical ischemia), but an amelioration of flow occurred in animals in which flow remained above this level (non-critical ischemia). In the contralateral hemisphere the EEG, blood flow, water and electrolyte content did not change significantly during the initial few hours of ischemia. Diaschisis, in consequence, was not a prominent feature during the early phase of infarct development. PMID- 7210062 TI - Effect of beta-sitostanol (5 alpha-stigmastan-3 beta-ol) on cholesterol absorption from micellar solutions in jejunal loops in situ. AB - In situ jejunal loops were infused with micellar solutions of cholesterol with or without beta-sitostanol (5 alpha-stigmastan-3 beta-ol), and the uptake of 14C cholesterol by the loop was followed for 20 minutes. It was found that beta sitostanol, given as a 'solution-mix' (a solution resulting from the mixture of two separate micellar solutions of cholesterol and beta-sitostanol), at a concentration of 0.30 mM reduced cholesterol uptake. Substituting cholesterol for beta-sitostanol in the 'solution-mix' had no effect on cholesterol uptake by the loop. beta-Sitostanol at a concentration of 0.30 mM in the 'pre-mix' (a solution resulting from pre-mixing of the two sterols prior to preparation of the micellar solution) condition, had no effect on cholesterol absorption. Taken together, these results suggest that the concentration of beta-sitostanol-containing micelles is the important factor in its suppression of cholesterol absorption. PMID- 7210064 TI - Experimental brain infarcts in cats. II. Ischemic brain edema. AB - In cats, the early development of ischemic brain edema was studied 1 to 4 hours after transorbital occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). Two groups of animals were compared: those in which blood flow in the territory of the MCA decreased below the threshold of 10--15 ml/100 g/min (critical ischemia) and those in which it remained above this level (non-critical ischemia). In animals with critical ischemia, water content in the cortex of the MCA territory increased from 80.7 +/- 0.4 to 83.0 +/- 0.3 vol. % (means +/- SE) within 4 h. Edema was associated with an increase in tissue osmolality by 16--22 mosm/kg w.w., and a rise of sodium from 262 +/- 9 to 454 +/- 13 meq/kg d.w. and a decrease of potassium from 442 +/- 20 to 305 +/- 32 meq/kg d.w. The sodium/potassium ratio rose from 0.60 +/- 0.03 to 1.55 +/- 0.17. The water and electrolyte disturbances were accompanied by a major shift of extracellular fluid into the intracellular compartment, as evidenced by the increase in cortical impedance from 282 to 660 ohm/cm within 2 h. According to the Maxwell equation, this reflects a narrowing of the extracellular space from 19.8 to 11.4%. Brain volume was continuously monitored using an induction transducer; swelling began within a few minutes of vascular occlusion, and it continued throughout the 4 h observation period. During this time the blood-brain barrier remained intact as evidenced by the absence of Evans blue staining. Edema was associated with disturbances of the energy producing metabolism, but there was no strict correlation with either lactate or the concentration of high energy phosphates. In animals without critical ischemia, i.e. in which blood flow remained above 10- 15 ml/100 g/min, edema was absent despite a distinct deterioration of the energy state of the brain. Edema was also absent in the border zone, in the territory of the posterior cerebral artery and in the contralateral hemisphere of animals with both critical and non-critical ischemia. It is concluded that the early ischemic brain edema following middle cerebral artery occlusion is of the cytotoxic type, that it develops at a flow rate below 10--15 ml/100 g/min, and that it is not strictly correlated with the energy state of the brain. PMID- 7210065 TI - Intra-arterial nitroprusside treatment of acute experimental vasospasm. AB - The effect of intra-arterial sodium nitroprusside infusions on acute experimental basilar artery spasm was studied in dogs. Vasospasm produced by subarachnoid hemorrhage at normal intracranial pressure was partially relieved by nitroprusside. When given by the intra-arterial route, 15 times the recommended maximum intravenous does can be infused without significant hypotension or elevation in intracranial pressure. PMID- 7210066 TI - Effect of hypertension on blood-brain barrier. Change after restoration of blood flow in post-ischemic gerbil brains. An electronmicroscopic study. AB - The effect of induced hypertension on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) change in Mongolian gerbils exposed to various periods of ischemia was studied. Evans blue dye was used to determine the BBB change in animals subjected to different levels of hypertension after 3 h ischemia. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used in electronmicroscopic studies of animals subjected to 30 min, 1, 3 or 6 h ischemia and subsequently exposed for 30 min to varying periods and sequences of normo- and hypertension. Furthermore, HRP-labeled vesicle counts were performed in animals from the 30-min ischemia group. Our findings revealed that hypertension, after blood flow restoration following ischemia, induces and/or accelerates BBB damage by enhancing endothelial vesicular and/or tubulo-channel transport. PMID- 7210067 TI - Tissue pertechnetate and iodinated contrast material in ischemic stroke. AB - Isotope uptake during static radionuclide scanning and contrast enhancement during CT scanning, which may result from similar pathophysiologic mechanisms after ischemic infarction, were investigated in an animal model. Infarction was produced by transorbital occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in cats killed one, 2, 4, 8, or 16 days later. Sodium pertechnetate containing technetium-99m and 30% methylglucamine iothalamate labeled with I-125 were administered intravenously 60 and 15 min respectively prior to sacrifice. A coronal section through the infarct was parceled into 30 portions which were assayed for concentration of each isotope. Adjacent brain was prepared for histopathologic correlation. Concentrations of the 2 materials were highest in infarcted brain at 4 and 8 days. Strong positive correlation was found between tissue concentrations of the 2 materials in all brain samples. Elevated tissue levels correlated with necrosis, macrophage infiltration, and vascular hyperplasia. The results support the probability that radionuclide scan positivity and CT contrast enhancement reflect the same pathophysiologic development, probably extravasation of the respective labels, after ischemic stroke. PMID- 7210068 TI - Histochemical changes of brain dopamine in an acute stage of cerebral ischemia in gerbils. AB - The fluorescence histochemical method of Falck et al. was applied to 40 gerbil brains after ligation of a unilateral common carotid artery to investigate alterations of brain dopamine in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia. The distribution of dopaminergic terminals and cell bodies in gerbils is the same as in other mammals. On the ligated side after one hour of ischemia, diffuse green fluorescence of dopaminergic terminals showed only a slight decrease in intensity when compared to the nonligated side. But white matter and bundles of myelinated fibers adjacent to and in the dopamine-rich regions had an intense green fluorescence in contrast to the non-ligated side where they are normally non fluorescent. This is considered to indicate the extraneuronal leakage and diffusion of dopamine. The intensity of extraneuronal green fluorescence was especially high in glial cells. Occasionally, there was also an unusual green fluorescence in the lumen of small vessels in dopamine-rich regions on the ligated side. Dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra on the ligated side revealed a conspicuous reduction in the fluorescence intensity in severely affected cases. After 2 or 3 hours of ischemia, there was a marked reduction or disappearance of the diffuse green fluorescence on the ligated side. This may be attributed in part to further diffusion of leaked dopamine. PMID- 7210069 TI - "Low perfusion hyperemia" following middle cerebral arterial occlusion in cats of different age groups. AB - Thirty-one cats were divided by age into 3 groups, young (Y), middle (M) and old (O). Continuous recordings of local cerebral blood volume (CBV) and frequent measurements of mean transit time of blood (t) were made from the Sylvian opercula after ischemia was produced by transorbital clipping of the middle cerebral artery at its origin (MCA occlusion). Control recordings were made simultaneously from the corresponding area of the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. MCA occlusion temporarily stopped cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the area supplied by the ipsilateral MCA, as indicated by a rapidly decreasing CBV and complete disappearance of hemodilution curves. Within 30 sec, CBF resumed with a dilatation of the vascular bed and reappearance of hemodilution curves through newly developed collateral channels. Despite a low CBF, below half the control, CBV recovered, overshooting the control level. The appearance of hyperemia in the ischemic area was statistically significant. Such "low perfusion hyperemia" was slower in appearance and of more diverse magnitude in group O than in group Y. This suggested that aging may lead to a decrease in rapidity of the vascular response to ischemia and impair the integrity of collateral vessels. PMID- 7210070 TI - Central conduction time in primate brain ischemia -- a study in baboons. AB - The relationship between central conduction time (CCT) and levels of regional blood flow were studied in 9 primates. Flows were recorded in both hemispheres using the method of hydrogen (2 min) clearance. The somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded over the contralateral cortex and the dorsal columns, following median nerve stimulation. The CCT, a measure of the brain's electrical conduction, was determined by the difference in latencies between N10, (the arrival of the afferent volley at the sensory cortex) and N7 (its arrival at the dorsal column). Ischemia was produced by transorbital occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. In the acute ischemic phase within 5 minute of occlusion, there was a significant correlation between the change in CCT and the decrease in flow. In the later occlusive phase, the CCT was unaltered with flows above 15 ml/100g/min. Below that level smaller decreases in flow resulted in progressively larger changes in CCT until a flow was reached where the N10 disappeared or the entire cortex was electrically silent. Focal ischemia had no effect on the first positive deflection recorded from the cortex (P8) or the first negative peak response from the cervical region (N7). However, the latency of P8 was increased or it was absent with the introduction of hypotension, while N8 was unaltered. From our measurements, it appears that prolongation of CCT can be related to developing ischemia, and that the thresholds for change are not dissimilar to those already recorded for somatosensory evoked responses to the basis of amplitude alterations in the cortex. Below these levels, prolongation of CCT appears to bear a parametric relationship to alteration in blood flow. While the measurement displays only one of the many alterations which are induced by ischemia in the brain, its attraction lies in its simplicity and in the fact that it may be applied with relative ease in the clinical situation. Under these circumstances, it appears to be an adequately sensitive monitor of developing brain ischemia, and deserves further study. PMID- 7210071 TI - Temporal profile of vertebrobasilar territory infarction. Prognostic implications. AB - To determine the type and prognostic significance of the various temporal profiles of vertebrobasilar territory infarction, 39 consecutive patients were studied. The following profiles were identified: 1) coma from onset, 5 patients; 2) sudden onset followed by stabilization, 12 patients; 3) gradual onset reaching stabilization within 24 hours, 7 patients; 4) gradual onset with progression beyond 24 hours, 2 patients, and; 5) delayed worsening after stabilization, 13 patients. Patients in Group 1 and those with unstable courses, Groups 4 and 5, had poor outcomes with mortality of 100 and 27 percent, respectively. Mortality for Groups 2 and 3 was 5 percent. Overall, hospital mortality was 25.6 percent. Demographic data, risk factors, presenting symptoms and type of neurologic deficit, other than coma, had no correlation with mortality, degree of disability and long term survival. At follow up of 6 to 52 months, median 24, only 7 percent of the survivors had recurrent cerebrovascular events; 2 patients (7%) died due to nonvascular causes and 72 percent of patients re-examined (20 of 28) were either neurologically normal or had only minimal deficits. PMID- 7210073 TI - Morphometry of brain parenchymal vessels following subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - This study was performed to test the hypothesis that vascular spasm can occur in brain parenchymal vessels following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Five cc of autologous blood was injected into the cisterna magna of test cats and 5 cc of saline into control cats. After 2 hours, a cranial window was created and cortical tissue frozen in situ with liquid nitrogen. Statistical analysis of 124 test and 93 control arteries and arterioles showed a significantly greater mean wall to lumen ratio in the test vessels but with almost identical mean cross sectional areas for both groups of vessels. This finding provides evidence for at least vasoconstriction, if not frank spasm, in parenchymal vessels in conjunction with SAH. PMID- 7210072 TI - Effect of unilateral common carotid artery occlusion on levels of prostaglandins D2, F2 alpha and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in gerbil brain. AB - The concentrations of the arachidonic acid metabolites, PGD2, PGF2 alpha and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha, were measured in the cerebral hemispheres of gerbils subjected to unilateral carotid occlusion. Approximately 37 percent of the animals with occlusion had symptoms of cerebral ischemia. In those animals PGD2 and PGF2 alpha levels were elevated in both hemispheres. The levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased only slightly. There was no change of prostaglandin levels in asymptomatic animals. Indomethacin inhibited the increase in the levels of these arachidonic acid metabolites but did not alter brain swelling as judged by a decrease in specific gravity after 6 hours occlusion. PMID- 7210074 TI - Progressive vascular changes in Moyamoya syndrome. AB - Progressive vascular changes are described in an adult with moyamoya syndrome and similar cases are reviewed. Angiographic findings support the concept of a progressive acquired stenosis of the internal carotid artery as the primary abnormality in this syndrome. PMID- 7210075 TI - Primitive hypoglossal artery and carotid endarterectomy. AB - A patient with transient ischemic symptoms in the carotid and vertebrobasilar distribution is reported. His arteriogram demonstrated a persistent primitive hypoglossal artery which in part may explain the clinical picture. The embryology, radiology, clinical manifestations, and surgical considerations of this rare anomaly are discussed. PMID- 7210076 TI - Myocardial necrosis induced by breeding in stroke-prone/SHR. AB - Virgin and breeder, spontaneously hypertensive and stroke prone rats (SHR/SP) were observed from weaning until 130 +/- 10 days of age. Blood pressure rose rapidly, reaching 230--240 mm Hg. After the birth of the second litter of pups, male and female breeders began to die suddenly, due to myocardial necrosis and congestive heart failure. At autopsy, the brains of virgin and breeder SHR/SP were swollen but were free of any pathologic changes. There were no significant alterations in the blood chemistry of virgin rats but breeder SHR/SP had super normal enzyme levels, CPK, SGOT, SGPT and LDH, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypersecretion of corticosterone. Breeder SHR/SP developed PAN-like lesions of the mesenteric arcades and adrenal cortex along with severe fibrino-hyalin lesions of the testicular and ovarian arteries. It is suggested that alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function associated with the reproductive effort conditioned these SHR/SP to develop myocardial necrosis rather than stroke and the development of unusual hypertensive arteriopathy. PMID- 7210078 TI - Non-invasive carotid evaluation. PMID- 7210077 TI - Cervical bruits in hemodialysis patients. AB - Twenty-five patients receiving chronic hemodialysis were studied with systematic cervical auscultation and periorbital Doppler tests to determine the incidence of cervical bruits and their significance. Eighteen (72%) of the patients had bruits. All of the bruits heard in this study were loudest in the supraclavicular fossa, and in no patient was a bruit heard along the carotid arteries without a louder bruit of similar characteristics more proximally. No patient with a bruit in the area of the carotid bifurcation had an abnormal ipsilateral periorbital Doppler examination, and none had symptoms of cerebral ischemia. There was no evidence in these patients that the bruits were related to occlusive arterial disease. It is concluded that most cervical bruits in patients receiving hemodialysis are the result of a hyperdynamic circulatory state associated with anemia and arteriovenous fistulae. PMID- 7210079 TI - [Forensic medical establishing of the properties of blunt instruments and the mechanism of their action from the nature of the injuries they caused]. PMID- 7210080 TI - [Forensic toxicological studies and prospects for their development]. PMID- 7210081 TI - [Use of physicotechnical methods in studying injuries inflicted by blunt instruments]. PMID- 7210082 TI - [Status and basic tasks of scientific research in forensic chemistry]. PMID- 7210083 TI - [Forensic medical diagnosis of sudden death from ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7210085 TI - [Status and tasks for further improvement and development in the forensic medical service, and important link in public health]. PMID- 7210084 TI - [Assessment of pulmonary edema in death from ethyl alcohol poisoning and ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7210086 TI - [Dynamics of the enzyme activity of testicular tissue at different times in the postmortem period (a biochemical study)]. PMID- 7210087 TI - [Effect of the environmental temperature on the dynamics of enzyme activity in establishing the time of death]. PMID- 7210088 TI - [Forensic medical assessment of head injuries caused by elongated hard instruments]. PMID- 7210089 TI - [Forensic medical expertise in keloid and hypertrophic scars (diagnosis and evaluation)]. PMID- 7210090 TI - [Tubazide distribution in rat organs]. PMID- 7210091 TI - [Comparative evaluation of methods of isolating butylcaptax from liver]. PMID- 7210092 TI - [Forensic medical identification of stabbing and cutting weapons from the marks of the blade's microrelief on rib cartilage]. PMID- 7210093 TI - [Clinical and immunological characteristics of reactive depression patients in forensic psychiatric practice]. PMID- 7210094 TI - [Accelerated extraction of morphine from aqueous liver extracts using a perforator]. PMID- 7210095 TI - [Capacity for active reactions in a railroad injury incompatible with life]. PMID- 7210096 TI - [Case of the late diagnosis of a gunshot wound]. PMID- 7210097 TI - [Case of fatal BF glue poisoning]. PMID- 7210099 TI - Attempted suicide: an ethological perspective. AB - Attempted suicides are complex phenomena. Examination of the observed and described behavior permits an analogy to be drawn between them and the biological concept of "conservation withdrawal." This cognizance of innate of innate responses, individual differences and changing socio-cultural standards. Such a formulation more readily allows a non-judgemental approach to the patient, with acceptance of both the appeal and wish to die components. In addition, it offers a different view of the nosological debate, rendering the differences more apparent than real. PMID- 7210100 TI - The choice of weapons: a study of methods of suicide by sex, race, and region. AB - The relationship of sex, race and region to methods of suicide are used to test the validity of two theories which attempt to explain the choice of methods among suicide victims. The two theories, lethality of intent and differential socialization with firearms, are briefly discussed. Data are collected from official death certificates in five cities during a three year period, 1969 through 1971. The findings provide little support for the lethality of intent theory. Although the differential socialization theory receives partial support, one can argue for a broader sociocultural perspective on methods of suicide which includes location in the social structure as well as regional socialization. PMID- 7210098 TI - [Case of anaphylactic shock complicating the migration phase of superinvasive ascariasis]. PMID- 7210101 TI - Suicide in Denmark: a statistical review for the past 150 years. AB - This paper presents a survey of suicide in Denmark from the time when statistics were first kept 100 years ago, up to the present. The remarkable high suicide rate at the start is discussed. The belief that suicide rate is influenced by several factors outside the individual, factors which to some extent can be influenced, is supported by the great variability of the suicide index during the last 100-150 years, being 29.9 in 1861, 12.8 in 1918 and 26 in 1976. The distribution according to sex and age today compared have helped many elements of the population, especially the youngest and the eldest, and especially the men. However, among women 35 to 70 years old and especially those between 45 and 55 the suicide rate has increased. One possible explanation is today's greater number of divorces with all the troubles that follow. Finally, the changing of suicide methods is discussed. PMID- 7210102 TI - Acceptance of conditional suicide and euthanasia among adult Americans. AB - Analysis of the attitudes of a 1977 cross-sectional sample of 1,530 American adults concerning euthanasia and suicide indicates that sex, age, and education are significant variables. Males, those who are younger and those who are better educated, are more likely to approve of euthanasia and suicide when a person has an incurable disease. Religious affiliation was not an important variable, although those who were frequent church-service attenders or who were high on religiosity were highly likely to reject euthanasia and suicide. PMID- 7210103 TI - A comparison of suicide and undetermined deaths in psychiatric patients. AB - Those people who had previously been patients of the Department of Mental Health of Missouri who died in the three year period 1972 through 1974 and whose deaths were designated as suicide or "undetermined whether purposely or accidentally inflicted," were identified by matching statewide death tapes against the DMH data base. The demographic characteristics of the two groups are compared to ascertain if the members of the undetermined group are essentially similar to the suicides, as has frequently been hypothesized. It is found that, in general, the similarities are in areas which would not have had a direct influence on the medical examiner/coroner's verdict, whereas, the differences do highlight areas which could cause an indecisive verdict. The significance of the undetermined deaths is discussed. PMID- 7210104 TI - A possible classification of suicidal acts based on Murray's need system. AB - Recently, Baechler (in his book Suicides) stated that the central question for suicidological investigation was: "What kind of people seek what solutions to what problems by means of suicide?" It can be argued that the principal problems of human beings relate to the frustration of their satisfaction of a variety of psychological needs. Thus, a full accounting of human needs might furnish a psychologically meaningful basis for a better understanding of suicidal events. Happily, such an explication already exists (in Henry Murray's Explorations in Personality). A classification of suicidal acts based on Murray's need system is proposed. A brief example is given. PMID- 7210105 TI - Volunteer studies of typhoid fever and vaccines. AB - A series of studies evaluated the efficacy of three categories of typhoid vaccines: killed organisms given parenterally and orally and living attenuated mutants given orally. Vaccinees and unvaccinated controls were challenged with a single strain of virulent Salmonella typhi. Control individuals with prior military service (i.e. mandatory parenteral immunization) were significantly protected compared to non-veterans. Clinical protection of vaccinees was greatest (87%) following oral immunization with a mutant strain lacking epimerase. PMID- 7210106 TI - Prospects for the control of Schistosoma bovis infection in Sudanese cattle. PMID- 7210107 TI - Pathogenesis of malabsorption in Giardia infection: an experimental study in rats. AB - It is well established that infection with Giardia lamblia can cause malabsorption although the pathogenesis of this is unknown. Transport studies were made on the intestinal segments of male albino rats infected with Giardia cysts obtained from human stools to investigate this pathogenesis. The results were compared with those seen in a normal group and in a control group that was fed with a Giardia-free stool suspension. There was a significant fall in the transport of glucose and glycine, both of which were actively absorbed. On the other hand, potassium, which diffuses passively in a bidirectional manner across the bowel wall, was not affected. Furthermore, it was observed that the transport mechanism was deranged in the presence of an entirely normal small intestinal mucosa, as judged by light microscopy. It is concluded that Giardia trophozoites interfere with the active transport mechanisms of the small intestinal mucosa. This defect could result either from structural damage to the substrate carriers or from an alteration in cell maturation. PMID- 7210108 TI - Immunization with live amoebae, amoebic lysate and culture supernatant in experimental Naegleria meningoencephalitis. AB - Immunization with two doses of live Naegleria fowleri produced a survival of 34% of mice compared to 0% in unimmunized controls, whereas multiple doses of live N. fowleri resulted in loss of protective immunity. In contrast, multiple doses of N. fowleri lysate produced a survival of 30%, and multiple doses of N. fowleri culture supernatant produced a survival of 67 to 78%. Fractionation of the culture supernatant by column chromatography showed that all six fractions contained protective antigens, but the best protection occurred from immunization with the high molecular weight fraction (greater than 200,000 daltons). PMID- 7210109 TI - Serological survey of toxoplasmosis in Somalia. AB - Of 356 samples of human sera collected from native patients in two distinct zones of Somalia, 53% were positive (greater than or equal to 1:8) to the dye-test for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. A significantly lower incidence (P less than 0.01) of infection was found in patients living in the arid Mogadishu area, compared to that in patients from villages on the river borders, situated in humid soil zones. Furthermore, in 4.2% of the river area cases the titres were over 300 I.U., indicating that acute T. gondii infection exists among the Somalian population. These differences were regarded as being due to climatic and geographical conditions rather than to diet or socio-economic conditions. PMID- 7210110 TI - Blood pressures of South African Black adolescents aged 16 to 17 years. AB - In South Africa, in urban but not rural areas, hypertension is far more common in Black than in White adults. To throw light on this adverse situation, blood pressures are being determined in various segments of Black populations, in the present instance on series of school pupils aged 16 to 17 years, in rural and urban areas. Mean data lay within the ranges of means published for Black children in the USA and for White children in the USA and elsewhere. Neither level of salt nor of sugar intake appeared influential; the same applied to obesity. Evidently, the noxious factors which promote the excessively high frequencies of hypertension in urban Black adults are not yet in operation in young adolescents. PMID- 7210111 TI - Pleomorphism and the problem of recrudescent parasitaemia following treatment with salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) in African trypanosomiasis. AB - The curative action of a single dose of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) in combination with glycerol was investigated in mice infected with a variety of monomorphic and pleomorphic African trypanosomes. The treatment of mice infected with monomorphic members of the sub-genus Trypanozoon was always successful and resulted in a complete cure. Treatment of animals with pleomorphic infections resulted in an initial clearance of the parasitaemia which later recrudesced. Both chronic and acute infections with Trypanosoma vivax were radically cured with SHAM plus glycerol, while infections with T. congolense and T. musculi were never cured. PMID- 7210112 TI - Schistosoma haematobium and the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Two boys with nephrotic syndrome, membrano-proliferative glomerulo-nephritis and Schistosoma haematobium infection are described. Both showed remission of the nephrotic syndrome soon after the schistosomiasis was treated with niridazole. The significance of heavy proteinuria in schistosomiasis is discussed. PMID- 7210114 TI - The use of oral glucose electrolyte solution prepared with untreated well water in acute non-specific childhood diarrhoea. AB - When untreated bacterially contaminated well water was used to constitute an oral glucose electrolyte solution, bacterial multiplication was significantly greater in the solution than in the well water. A controlled prospective trial in a West African village, comparing this solution with one prepared from clean drinking water, found no significant differences in the effects of the solutions when they were given to children suffering from acute diarrhoea. The intake of potentially pathogenic organisms from the well water solution was small compared to that from the local weaning foods. In remote areas of developing countries, where general and food hygiene is poor, it may prove possible to use such untreated water in the preparation of therapeutic glucose electrolyte solutions. PMID- 7210115 TI - Trypanosoma brucei: detection of antigen deposits in glomeruli of mice vaccinated with purified variable antigen. PMID- 7210117 TI - Gram-negative septicaemia complicating puerperal tetanus. PMID- 7210116 TI - Haemoglobin N in West Africa. PMID- 7210113 TI - Malaria control and long-term periodicity of the disease in Pakistan. AB - The classic investigations of the malaria epidemics in the Punjab led to the conclusion that in this most populous and most malarious province of the present day Pakistan, epidemics occurred regularly at intervals of approximately eight years. Against this background, the results of a Malaria Control Programme launched in 1975 are examined. The Programme, supported by USAID and WHO, represents in economic terms the greatest effort made against malaria in the country. Malathion, the main attack weapon of the Programme, was used on an unprecedented scale. This created logistic and--unexpectedly--toxicity problems among the spraying workers. Despite these difficulties, an over-all reduction of 76% in the slide positivity rate was observed in the first two years of operations of the Programme. The authors warn against measures which may curtail the activities of the Programme when, according to the cyclical periodicity of malaria in the Punjab, an epidemic wave can be expected in 1980-81, with inevitable repercussions all over the country. PMID- 7210118 TI - The age distribution in children with Campylobacter enteritis. PMID- 7210119 TI - Morphological aspects of Schistosoma mansoni in naturally infected Holochilus brasiliensis leucogaster. PMID- 7210120 TI - Migrant workers and schistosomiasis in the Gezira, Sudan. PMID- 7210121 TI - Single dose use of metrifonate. PMID- 7210122 TI - The skin snip and hypertrophic scar in onchocerciasis. PMID- 7210123 TI - The molecular basis of antisickling agents. PMID- 7210124 TI - Immunopathological and chemotherapeutic studies in experimental trypanosomiasis with special reference to the heart and brain. PMID- 7210125 TI - Arbovirus isolations from ixodid ticks infesting livestock, Kano Plain, Kenya. AB - In a study conducted on the Kano Plain, Kenya, virus isolation attempts were made on ixodid ticks collected, over a 14-month period, from livestock held in family enclosures (bomas) before releasing the animals for daily foraging. 8735 Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius) were tested, 98.6% of which were taken from cattle, yielding 36 strains of Dugbe (DUG), four strains of Nairobi sheep disease (NSD), three strains of Bhanja (BHA), one strain of Thogoto (THO) and five strains of virus which could not be characterized. 6549 Rhipicephalus spp. ticks were collected (60.3% from cattle). NSD, DUG and BHA viruses were each isolated twice from ticks taken from cattle. One BHA virus strain was recovered from ticks from a sheep. One strain recovered from ticks on cattle could not be characterized. PMID- 7210127 TI - Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Kuwait. II. Toxoplasma gondii in the desert rodent, Meriones crassus. PMID- 7210126 TI - Rubella immunity in Nigerian children. AB - A serological survey was carried out to determine the rubella haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies among Nigerian children. The subjects consisted of 100 neonates and 550 children aged one month to 15 years. The study shows that rubella immunity rose with increasing age of the children. PMID- 7210129 TI - Orchidectomy in a rural African population. AB - From 1971 to 1977 in Zaria, Nigeria, orchidectomy was performed on 341 men, mostly in the third to sixth decades of life. The testis itself was diseased only in 21% of cases. Torsion of the spermatic cord with testicular infarction occurred in 11% and cancer was present in less than 2%. Orchidectomy was performed therapeutically in 5% of the patients. The major causes for testicular resection were complicated and large inguinal herniae and hydroceles. These two conditions are a source of socio-economic hardship and considerable morbidity in a farming population. It would thus be worth while to include facilities for surgery of small herniae and hydroceles in plans for rural health care. PMID- 7210130 TI - Bacterial colonization of the upper intestine in mild tropical malabsorption. AB - The bacterial flora of the upper intestine has been examined in symptomatic expatriate adults with mild tropical malabsorption, without steatorrhoea, persisting for many months after return to a western environment. Seven of the 11 patients had enterobacteria in luminal fluid or mucosal samples in numbers ranging from 10(3) to 10(8) per ml or per g. The most common isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae (in four cases); Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas spp. were also detected. The signficance of bacterial colonization in the pathogenesis of mild tropical malabsorption is discussed. PMID- 7210128 TI - Aedes albopictus in the Solomon and Santa Cruz Islands, South Pacific. AB - Surveys of mosquitoes in the South Pacific up until 1977 have shown the presence of Aedes albopictus only as far east as Papua New Guinea. During the visit to the Solomon Islands in 1978 to collect members of the Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris complex, Ae. albopictus was found in large numbers on Guadalcanal and was also present in the Santa Cruz Islands. This species has been incriminated as a vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever. PMID- 7210131 TI - Experimental pneumonitis induced by Naegleria fowleri in mice. AB - An environmental Naegleria isolate, from a cooling lake receiving thermal additions from an electric power plant, caused both primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) and pneumonitis in mice after intranasal inoculation. Amoebae, recovered from brains and lungs of mice inoculated with the environmental isolate, produced both brain and lung infections in repeated mouse passages. Electron microscope examination of infected lungs revealed a moderate inflammatory reaction with slight necrosis. Amoebae re-isolated from mice with PAM and pneumonitis were identified as N. fowleri by the indirect immuno fluorescent antibody technique using anti-N. fowleri serum. The results suggest that in addition to PAM, N. fowleri may be capable of causing subacute and acute respiratory infections in man. PMID- 7210132 TI - Long term cultivation of a simian malaria parasite (Plasmodium knowlesi) in a semi-automated apparatus. AB - An apparatus is described and illustrated for the continuous semi-automated cultivation of Plasmodium knowlesi. The change of medium was automated and involved six operations. Parasites were maintained for 12 weeks, at which time the experiment ended. During this period, parasite density, morphology and serological specificity were monitored. Parasites retained synchromy and normal morphology only for the first cycle in culture. The maximum degree of morphological abnormality (90%) was reached at three weeks. Lysis of infected erythrocytes seemed to occur before full maturation of the parasites. Infected cells cultured for 31 days produced a normal, fulminating infection in a rhesus monkey. PMID- 7210133 TI - Malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes of liver and plasma in prepatent murine schistosomiasis mansoni. PMID- 7210134 TI - Amoebic dysentery complicating an abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. PMID- 7210135 TI - Drug sensitivity and resistance of four Acanthamoeba species. PMID- 7210136 TI - The detection of plant sugars in Simulium damnosum s.l. by means of the cold Anthrone test. PMID- 7210137 TI - Peak expiratory flow rate and malnutrition. PMID- 7210138 TI - Excretion of hepatitis B surface antigen by the bedbug Cimex hemipterus Fabr. PMID- 7210139 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: eggs with two miracidia. PMID- 7210140 TI - The effect of a previous Schistosoma mansoni infection on schistosomulum recovery from the peritoneal cavity of laboratory mice. PMID- 7210141 TI - Oral rehydration in diarrhoea. PMID- 7210142 TI - Anopheles farauti No. 2 as a possible vector of malaria in Australia. PMID- 7210143 TI - Survival of Naegleria fowleri cysts at 4 degrees C for eight months with retention of virulence. PMID- 7210144 TI - Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis: metastatic infection in a golden hamster. PMID- 7210145 TI - Immune complexes in Gambian sleeping sickness. PMID- 7210146 TI - Immunization of baboons (Papio anubis) against Schistosoma haematobium with irradiated cercariae or schistosomula. PMID- 7210147 TI - Augmenting effect of exogenous macrophages on the rat graft-versus-host reaction in F1 hybrids depleted of macrophages. AB - The crucial role of macrophages in the generation of the rat graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) was investigated in normal and macrophage-depleted F1 hybrid rats. The addition of exogenous macrophages, colloidal carbon, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in a great augmentation of GVH reactivity of parental lymph node cells in normal F1 hybrid rats. Uptake of foreign materials by F1 macrophages exerts a biphasic action on the GVHR, activating or blocking the biological activity. This depends on the time of injection of foreign materials. To define the extent of macrophage dependence in the GVHR, the additive effect of exogenous macrophages on the reaction was investigated in F1 hybrid rats depleted of effective macrophages and lymphocytes, which had received preliminary host irradiation and colloidal carbon injection. In F1 hybrids depleted of macrophages and given injections of parental lymph node cells depleted of macrophages, the addition of exogenous F1 macrophages resulted in a much higher reaction than did lymphocytes alone. The data suggest that macrophage induced augmentation of the reaction may be a reflection of the regulatory function of macrophages in the cellular interactions between parental GVH reactive lymphocytes and alloantigen-bearing host cells in vivo. PMID- 7210148 TI - Xenografts of recombined bovine odontogenic tissues and cultured cells to hypothymic mice. AB - It was demonstrated in this study that recombined tissues of bovine dental papilla and reduced enamel epithelium, when transplanted to the subcapsular kidney site of hypothymic mice, elaborated tissues resembling osteodentin and dentin matrices with which latter tissues were closely associated cells resembling odontoblasts. In xenografts of cultured cell populations of these tissues, osteodentin-like matrices occurred in the absence of dentin-like matrices. PMID- 7210150 TI - Bionic, organic, and hybrid spare parts in clinical medicine. PMID- 7210152 TI - The impact of organ transplantation on society. PMID- 7210149 TI - The major histocompatibility complex: a key to a better understanding of evolution. PMID- 7210151 TI - The transplantation experience, tumor immunology, and tumor immunotherapy. PMID- 7210153 TI - Swellengrebel lecture. Beriberi. PMID- 7210154 TI - Pigmentary skin changes associated with ocular chloroquine toxicity in Ghana. AB - Several patients seen with chloroquine retinopathy in Accra have been observed to present with depigmented patches in the skin of the face. This may be associated with a greyish pigmentation of the mocusa of the hard palate. Two such cases are reported here to illustrate the condition. PMID- 7210155 TI - Chloroquine retinopathy in a rural hospital in Ghana. AB - During the month of September 1978 chloroquine retinopathy was diagnosed in 20 out of 907 new patients attending the eye department of a large mission hospital in Ghana. PMID- 7210156 TI - Stevens-Johnson's syndrome in Africans. AB - Three cases of Stevens-Johnson's syndrome seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital are reported. The clinical features did not differ from those described in temperature countries. Steroid therapy and intravenous infusion still form the major part of the management in this life-threatening condition. PMID- 7210157 TI - Tuberculosis and minimal change nephrotic syndrome in Lucknow, India. AB - Thirty-six patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) were investigated for evidence of tuberculosis. Twenty-three of them were found to be suffering from primary tuberculosis (group A), while the remaining 13 children (non-tuberculous) were grouped as B. Patients were either treated with antituberculous drugs (ATT) and steroids or with steroids alone. Recurrences of MCNS were either absent or few in subgroup Aq1 (ATT and steroids); most recurrences occurred in other subgroups Aw (steroids only), Bq) ATT and steroids) and Bw (steroids along). The possible relationship between the tuberculous infection and MCNS is discussed. PMID- 7210158 TI - Arterial blood pressure and hypertension in Benin in the equatorial forest zone of Nigeria. AB - The blood pressures of the employees of the civil services in Benin, the capital of Bendel State of Nigeria were measured. Out of a total workforce of 970 males and 360 females to whom the screening was offered, 916 males and 347 females between 15 and 60 years responded, giving a response rate of 95%. The study has confirmed that systolic and diastolic pressures of Nigerians studied rise with advancing age. It has also been found that body mass is an important factor in the levels of blood pressure attained since blood pressures were found to rise with increase in body mass. The prevelance of hypertension was found to be 14% and 10% for males and females respectively. The study population is of special interest since no previous report has emanated from the community studied. Some important differences with earlier studies in Nigeria are discussed. PMID- 7210160 TI - Pathogenicity of hookworms. The significance of population regression for the pathogenicity of hookworms. AB - A method is described to estimate the reduction of the hookworm population in the host during the infection period (population regression). A formula is proposed to estimate the average worm population during the infection period, on the assumption that a decreasing hookworm population causes a decrease in daily blood loss. Daily blood loss per worm was calculated for Ancylostoma caninum: 43 microliters; for A. ceylanicum: 14 microliters for A. braziliense: 5 microliters. Accordingly hookworms cause blood loss one half to two thirds smaller than formerly assumed. PMID- 7210159 TI - Assessment of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity skin tests with Schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigen in a rural Egyptian population. AB - Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity responses to schistosome adult worm skin test antigen were assessed in 418 farmers in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. All were from a population frame being epidemiologically evaluated for bilharzial urinary bladder cancer and thus were all 20 years old or older. A control, group of 108 adult urban dwellers without antecedent or current history of schistosomiasis were also tested. Ninety eight percent (411/418) of farmers and 35% (38/108) of controls showed reaginic hypersensitivity to 20 micrograms protein antigen. While 43% (180/418) of farmers and 4.6% (5/108) of controls showed positive delayed responses. Schistosoma haematobium eggs were found in 6% on urine cytology smears (Papanicolaou) and in 5% by Nuclepore filtration. A subsample of 97 individuals showed 21% to have S. haematobium eggs in urine by a traditional sedimentation technique. Immediate skin tests were equally positive in egg positive or egg negative farmers but delayed responses were 55% positive in the former and 26% in the latter. It is suggested that the delayed hypersensitivity skin test may be more specific and useful in epidemiologic surveys. The changing prevalence of S. haematobium infections in the Nile Delta is briefly discussed. PMID- 7210161 TI - A natural focus of infection with leptospires of the serovar lora in Bulgaria. AB - A natural focus of infection with leptospira serovar lora (Australis serogroup) was discovered in the Tundga River Valley, South Bulgaria. 1 672 micromammals belonging to seven species were investigated. Serologically and bacteriologically a high incidence of infection was established. PMID- 7210162 TI - Zoonotic implications of cats and dogs in filarial transmission in Peninsular Malaysia. AB - Filarial infections in 447 cats and 68 dogs from six endemic areas of human filariasis in Peninsular Malaysia were studied as part of the study on the zoonotic transmission of subperiodic Brugia malayi infection. 20.6% of cats and 57.4% of dogs had filarial infections. Cats were infected with subperiodic B. malayi, B. pahangi, Dirofilaria repens and D. immitis. Dogs were infected with B. pahangi and D. immitis. 6.9% of the cats had subperiodic B. malayi infection. The zoonotic implications of these infections and their impact on the filariasis control programme in Peninsular Malaysia were discussed. PMID- 7210163 TI - Rabies virus infection of a flying fox bat, Pteropus policephalus in Chandigarh, Northern India. AB - The present communication reports for the first time in South East Asia an active infection of frugivorous flying fox bat (Pteropus poliocephalus) with a virus belonging to the Rhabdo virus group -- a bat virus. Negri body like structures were demonstrated by Seller's stain and direct immunofluorescence in the brain and salivary gland of the dead bat. The virus was isolated after intracerebral inoculation of homogenate of the bat brain, salivary gland or brown fat separately in new born mice. PMID- 7210164 TI - Case report. Acute intermittent porphyria present as quadriparesis in Nigerian female. AB - A case of intermittent porphyria is reported. The patient had quadriparesis, acute abdominal symptoms and abnormalities in the blood chemistry. Acute intermittent porphyria is not a common disease in Africans. The severe neurological signs in this patient may have been precipitated by medication. PMID- 7210165 TI - The incidence of the respiratory distress syndrome: with particular reference to developing countries. AB - The incidence of RDS varies in various parts of the world and appears to be lower in negroes than caucasian and mongolians. The incidence in mongolians is as high if not higher than in caucasians. The difference between negroes and other races may be due to the ability of the negro fetus to produce surfactant earlier. Variation within the black ethnic groups may be due to genetic differences between them. Studies on the incidence of RDS will be more accurate if surfactant deficiency is documented and other conditions, particularly transient respiratory distress and early neonatal sepsis which both may mimic RDS are recognised. PMID- 7210166 TI - Schistosoma intercalatum infection in Syrian hamsters. An experimental and histopathological study. AB - Syrian hamsters were infected with increasing numbers of circariae of Schistosoma intercalatum and Schistosom mansoni. Various organs were then studied histopathologically. These studies revealed a relatively higher pathogenicity of S. intercalatum in rodents than in human cases reported in a previous communication. Yet the magnitude of infection and its complications were milder in cases of S. intercalatum than in S. mansoni. The absence of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis in S. intercalatum infection is in agreement with our previous experience with human subjects. It is apparent that this parasite produces much more pigment than S. mansoni and the other well known types of Schistosomas. The development of the granulomatous reaction, mainly in liver, rectal mucosa and in lung parenchyma of infected animals seems to be a similar process in all types of Schistosoma infections without major qualitative differences and irrespective of the density of infection. The worm load as roughly indicated by the worm return through perfusion is not always indicative of the severity of infection since a very low worm load in a long term infection can lead to the same results as a short term very dense infection. Some evidence suggesting the possibility of 'reaction' around pulmonary blood vessels, not related to the granulomatous lesion was found. This finding requires further immunological investigation. PMID- 7210167 TI - Cellular and humoral responses in amoebic patients. AB - Cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) and humoral antibody response was studied in fifteen patients with amoebic liver abscess, five patients with amoebic colitis and fifteen patients with non-amoebic diseases which served as unexposed controls. CMIR as judged by macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) test was altered in amoebic patients and more so in amoebic liver abscess patients; it was normal in unexposed controls. This altered CMIR reverted back to normal levels within five to seven days after the initiation of drug therapy. There was no clear-cut correlation between CMIR and humoral antibody response although by and large the degree of macrophage migration inhibition and humoral antibody titres were high in patients with amoebic liver abscess. It is thus felt that CMIR is altered in amoebic patients during the acute phase and is independent of humoral antibody response. PMID- 7210168 TI - Nasal hirudiniasis in Kumaon Hills, India. AB - Fourteen cases of nasal hirudiniasis, seen during a period of less than a year in Kumaon Hills of Northern India are reported. Unilateral epistaxis was the main symptom. Diagnosis was made by history and clinical examination. The leeches were removed by using locally a weak solution of chloroform and turpentine oil. PMID- 7210169 TI - Ovarian development and biting frequency in Anopheles culicifacies Giles in Sri Lanka. AB - In order to determine the duration of the gonotrophic cycle in Anopheles culicifacies Giles in Sri Lanka, ovarian development in freshly blood-fed wild caught females was studied in the laboratory and the findings were compared with mark-and-release recoveries in the field. In specimens of unknown parity at first capture probable feeding intervals of 1, 2 and 3 days (mean: 1.7 - 2.1 days) were found. The release of freshly blood-fed nullipars bred from larvae produced two recaptures from which it could be concluded that the time required to become parous need not be more than three days. These results are of consequence in the assessment of the efficacy of insecticide spraying as an anti-malarial measure in Sri Lanka and possibly in other countries in South Asia where A. culicifacies is the vector. An equation is proposed for deriving the mosquito's daily survival rate (p) from the proportion of parous females in biting samples. PMID- 7210171 TI - The pattern of diabetic complications in African patients in Dar es Salaam. AB - The pattern of diabetic complications in African diabetics in Dar es Salaam was studied. In a series of 139 patients, 78 (71%) had at least one complication. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was 32%, retinopathy 25%, hypertension 26% and proteinuria 14%. Clinical or ECG findings compatible with ischaemic heart disease were present in 34% of patients, and in seven patients (6%) the ECG changes were classified as 'probably ischaemia'. The prevalence of complications showed no relationship to obesity, occupational group, smoking, sex or the quality of control. Most complications were positively related to age and to duration of the disease. In 83 of the patients, fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured. Mean cholesterol concentrations were elevated in both sexes, but neither lipid was related to the prevalence of any complication. PMID- 7210170 TI - Spectrum of haemolytic anaemias in Punjab, North India. AB - Between July 1974 and June 1978 the diagnosis of haemolytic anaemia was made in 267 patients. Thalassaemia major was the leading cause (40-50%) every year except in 1977, when a sharp rise in drug induced haemolysis in G-6-PD deficient patients (61.3%) was encountered. This was possible due to an increase in incidence of vivax malaria and the use of anti-malarial drugs in that year. Abnormal haemoglobins were noted in 9.7% of the total number of patients. Hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune haemolytic anaemias and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria formed a minor cause. Others included copper sulphate poisoning, snake bite, hornet sting and Plasmodium falciparum infection. PMID- 7210173 TI - Malignancies of the uterine body among Ibo women in Nigeria. AB - Out of the 85 malignancies of the uterus seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, in the past seven years, only seven were malignancies of the uterine body. Compared with reports by other authors, the incidence is low and suggests the influence of racial and geographical factors. With the exception of one patient, the majority presented in the 50-70 year age group. More than one half of the patients were of high parity; menorrhagia was a common presenting symptom. In the absence of facilities for radiotherapy, surgery alone produces a reasonably good result for the early stages of this disease. Abnormal uterine bleeding in women over 30 years of age should be fully investigated. PMID- 7210172 TI - Asymptomatic gonorrhoea in women attending family planning clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Results of a pilot study. AB - In an attempt to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic gonorrhoea in women in Tanzania urban areas, 405 women attending family planning clinics in Dar es Salaam had cervical swabs cultured on a selective gonorrhoea medium for Neisseria gonorrhoea. Twenty-nine of them (7.1%) were found with the organism despite absence of symptoms of the disease at the time of screening. Twenty (69%) of those with N. gonorrhoea came back after two weeks for results and all were treated with a single dose of penicillin. Only four (13.8%) of their male contacts came forward for treatment. In view of this high prevalence rate, it is recommended that gonorrhoea and other sexually transmitted diseases be regarded as among the most prevalent communicable diseases in the country necessitating control measures. Consideration should be given to screening for gonorrhoea in antenatal and family planning clinics as is now the case for syphilis. The material cost of gonococcal screening per individual was estimated at 10 T shillings (US$ 1.25) which is well above the health ministry's capability. PMID- 7210174 TI - At-risk selection and outcome studied at the Kibara Hospital antenatal clinic in Tanzania. AB - 328 pregnant women living around and attending the Kibara Hospital antenatal clinic in rural Tanzania were followed-up. 26.2% were found to be at-risk. Of 'normal' pregnancies 24% delivered under trained supervision as against 40% of at risk pregnancies. Of complicated deliveries in both groups 60% were supervised though at-risk pregnancies had a four times higher rate of complications at delivery. 87% of at-risk pregnancies were recognized at the antenatal clinic, but this often did not result in improved care and outcome at birth. PMID- 7210176 TI - Machakos Project Studies. Agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural area of Kenya. XX. A dynamic approach to the utilization of health services in a rural area of Machakos, Kenya. AB - Utilization of health services can be considered as a longitudinal process, in which individuals on having complaints make a choice between various health improving activities. This approach, employing a method described by Grundy and Reinke (1973) is used to analyse results of a survey on health services utilization in Machakos district, Kenya. Transition matrices for the population as a whole and for males, females and under-fives could be constructed. Differences in health improving behaviour between males and females, over- and underfives were found. Self medication and taking no action on a complaint were found to be important options for the study population. A distinct path through the health services by members of the population emerges. A indicator of effectiveness of different types of services is tentatively applied. PMID- 7210175 TI - Machakos Project Studies. Agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural area of Kenya. XIX. The utilization of health services in a rural area of Kenya. AB - The health services utilization pattern of 20.000 inhabitants was surveyed during the last four months of 1976 in eight fortnightly interview rounds. One quarter of the population reported to have been unwell during the weeks prior to interview. Of those 21% went to a medical authority (traditional or modern), 35% used self medication and 37% did not take any action. Data were collected about the type of illness and its disabling effect. On those who went to a medical authority information was collected regarding cost, time lost in travelling and receiving treatment and about improvement as perceived by the patient. Furthermore the use of self medication was analysed. Special attention is given to methods and materials of the survey and its accuracy. Pitfalls and problems encountered are discussed. The survey results show influence of modern medical care especially in the use of self medication. PMID- 7210177 TI - [Action of hydrazine sulfate on rat liver plasma membranes]. AB - Subcutaneous injection of hydrazine sulphate to animals decreases specific activity of some enzymes in homogenates. The content of total lipids in homogenates was decreased, while that in plasma membrane of the rat liver was increased. This induces substantial changes in the content of the neutral lipid fraction. A disturbance in hepatocyte desmosomes was observed. PMID- 7210179 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the endopolyploid nuclei in the giant cells of the rat trophoblast. II. An ultrastructural change in the polytene nucleus in the course of differentiation]. PMID- 7210180 TI - [Cell population kinetics in the mouse epidermis stimulated by plucking the hair]. AB - Indices of mitotically dividing and DNA-synthesizing cells, the curve of labeled mitoses, and the continuous 3H-thymidine labeling were used for analysing the kinetics of epidermis cell populations in mice C57Bl after plucking. Within the initial 15 hours following stimulation, only one cell population was seen to start proliferating. This passed through the period of transformation (6 hours) and G1-period (3 hours) to enter into S-phase 9 hours after plucking. At this time, the increase in the mitotic level occurs, being at the expense of part of the cells leaving R2-phase. 20 hours after the operation, the cycle of the first population is over, in part of these cells, after having left S-phase, remain in R2-phase. At the same time, epidermocytes of another population are seen to commence their entry into S-phase. Determined from the curve of labeled mitoses, the duration of the whole cycle of epidermocytes, and of G1, S, and G2+M phases appeared to be 12, 3, 6 and 3 hours, respectively. PMID- 7210178 TI - [Morphogenic role of the underlying substrate of endothelial and mesothelial cells]. AB - Endothelial and mesothelial cell form, cell surface microrelief and intercellular contacts were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The pattern of the underlying substrate (geometry and expressiveness of basal membrane) is shown to influence the endothelial and mesothelial cell morphology. The morphogenic role of the underlying substrate is discussed. PMID- 7210181 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase in the differentiating receptor cells of the bull olfactory lining]. AB - Alkaline phosphatase examined in the bull olfactory mucosa receptor cells using a cytochemical method for its activity is found to be a marker of neurogenesis and differentiation of the receptor cells. The enzyme localization is shown to change with the production of a receptor neuron dendrite and axon. The role alkaline phosphatase may play in the transmembrane and intracellular transport of substances and in microtubular structure polymerization during the cell differentiation is discussed. PMID- 7210182 TI - [Spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity of blood granulocytes and monocytes in vitro]. AB - The in vitro studied bovine blood leucocytes display a spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCT) against 3H-thymidine labeled xenogeneic target cells L, estimated by the residual radioactivity. Using the effector-target cellular complex assay, it was found that cells of the heterogenous blood leucocyte population had different spontaneous target-binding activities. Granulocytes- eosinophils and neutrophils--were the most active effectors in the formation of effector-target cellular complexes during blood leucocyte SCT. The mononuclear SCT was represented by monocytes, while the spontaneous lymphocyte target-binding activity was very low. No basophil association with targets was detected. PMID- 7210183 TI - [Kinetic changes in the cellular proliferation of Ehrlich ascites tumor as affected by low-intensity laser radiation]. AB - A radiographical study, using 3H-thymidine, has shown that, under the influence of He-Ne laser irradiation, the enhancement of the Ehrlich ascite tumour growth is associated with a shorter duration of the mitotic cycle which, in turn, is due to the decrease of all its phases. Besides, the enhancement is related to the increase of proliferative pool. PMID- 7210184 TI - [Radiation block of mitoses and the action of stimulating factors]. AB - Using the HeLa cell culture, the dynamics of the appearance of the mitotic block after irradiation with 600 rads has been studied, in addition to the influence of some proliferating stimulatory factors on this process. It has been shown that in the early periods after irradiation with 600 rads, on the background of the developing G2--M block, the low dose irradiation (20 rads), changes to the medium, and high temperature (41--42 degrees C) effects lead to the increase in the number of mitoses. It is supposed that this increase in the mitotic activity may be due to a heterogeneity of cell populations as to their velocity of passing through the G2-phase. PMID- 7210185 TI - [Obtaining columns of central nervous system tissue for culture purposes]. AB - A method is described for obtaining nerve tissue columns for further cultivation. Under tissue culture conditions, this method has an advantage of preserving, at early steps of cultivation, the cytoarchitectonic of cerebral cortex which makes an easy identification of nerve cells and a determination of their layer-by-layer localization. PMID- 7210187 TI - [Analysis of the evolution of a case of Alber-Schonberg disease over a 10 year period]. PMID- 7210188 TI - [Epidemiological study of congenital dislocation of the hip]. PMID- 7210186 TI - [The treatment of Behcet's disease]. PMID- 7210191 TI - [Generalized acute peritonitis: 100 cases]. PMID- 7210190 TI - [External urethrotomy, performed by using a graft in the treatment of urethral sclerosis inflammatory stenosis]. PMID- 7210189 TI - [Anti-cholera campaign; comparison of various approaches]. PMID- 7210192 TI - [Bone metastasis]. PMID- 7210194 TI - [Rabies prevention: comparison of methods]. PMID- 7210195 TI - [Comparative transcultural Tunisian-Moroccan study of masked depressions]. PMID- 7210196 TI - [Septicemia caused by gram-negative bacteria; its evolution, antibiotic therapy and immunological factors]. PMID- 7210193 TI - [Role of aortography in the diagnosis, observation and pre-operative diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms]. PMID- 7210197 TI - [Algoneurodystrophy: 9 cases]. PMID- 7210198 TI - [Osteomalacia caused by anticonvulsant drugs. apropos of a case]. PMID- 7210201 TI - [Debimetry: its interest in practical urology]. PMID- 7210202 TI - [Content of biogenic amines in brain under artificial and natural cooling of animals]. AB - The catecholamines and serotonin contents in different brain areas were studies in rats under hypothermia of 30 degrees and 20-19 degrees C and in Citellus pigmaeus Pallas on the 7th, 15th and 30th day after hibernation. The artificial and natural drop in the body temperature is shown to increase the catecholamines and serotonin contents in cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. A long artificial cooling is accompanied by a decrease in the value of the catecholamines/serotonin ratio in the brain due to an increase in the serotonin content and a long hibernation by redistribution of the content both of catecholamines and serotonin without changing their ratio. PMID- 7210199 TI - [Maxillofacial traumas treated in a specialized service]. PMID- 7210200 TI - [Causes of unfitness for military aviation]. PMID- 7210203 TI - [Ontogenic differences of glutamate decarboxylase, GABA-aminotransferase, monoamine oxidase activities of cerebral cortex mitochondria and hypothalamic cerebral area]. AB - It is shown that the glutamate decarboxylase activity in the initial mitochondrial fraction of "light" and "heavy" synaptosomes of cerebral hemispheres changes on the 14th, 21st day, 1st, 3d, 12th and 24th months of rat development: in the hypothalamus area it lowers in the initial mitochondria in the 21-day animals, and in the fraction of "heavy" synaptosomes--in the 24 day animals as compared to the adult ones. The GABA-aminotransferase activity in the cortex synaptosome fraction rises in the period between the 14th and 21st day after birthday and in the initial mitochondrial fraction of the hypothalamus area -between the 14th day and the first month of life. In adult rats the glutamate decarboxylase and GABA-aminotransferase activities in the "heavy" synaptosome fraction are higher than in the "light" synaptosome one. The amine oxidase activity of the subcellular fractions which is determined with serotonin as a substrate (form A) is stable during the whole developmental period of studies. The intensity of benzylamine (amine oxidase B) desamination in the cortex fraction and hypothalamus area rises sharply in the second half of ontogenesis. PMID- 7210204 TI - [Lipid composition of Halobacterium cells and bacteriorhodopsin isolated from them]. AB - The phospholipids qualitative and quantitative compositions were determined in halobacteria cells and in bacteriorodopsin isolated from them. The phospholipid composition of the cells and bacteriorodopsin is established to be unstable and to depend on the cells cultivation conditions and the culture strain. PMID- 7210205 TI - [Changes in immune reactivity of the organism and content of monoaminodicarboxylic acid and their derivatives in brain and spleen]. AB - It is established in experiments with mice that the contrary effects on the immune system caused different changes in the level of monoaminodicarboxylic acids and their derivatives in the brain and spleen structures. While immunostimulation was accompanied by an increase in monoaminocarboxylic acids, immunodepression, on the contrary, was characterized by a decrease in their contents up to the level, which is lower than the initial one. The main task of the investigation was to find out if this correlation is of causal character, which might be indicative of the significance of maintaining the definite level of monoaminodicarboxylic acids and their derivatives in the brain immunocompetent organs for normal functioning of the immune system. PMID- 7210206 TI - [Changes in subunit composition of lactate dehydrogenase at low temperatures]. AB - Hybridization of M4- and H4-isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase in saline medium was studied during slow freezing down to -9.5; -23 and -30 degrees C. It is established that appearances of the enzyme hybrid forms is associated with free water freezing out and with an increase in the concentration of salts in the solution. No hybridization was observed under fast cooling of the enzyme down to 196 degrees C, under exposition in the concentrated solution of chloride and sodium phosphate without freezing and with freezing in deionized water. The mechanism of low-temperature hybridization of lactate dehydrogenase, based on concentration effects of salts which favour dissociation of a protein molecule into subunits, are under discussion. An assumption is advanced on an intensification of intermolecular interactions in liquid microphases of the frozen solution as a possible reason of the subunits recombination into hybrid isoenzymes. PMID- 7210208 TI - [State of DNA structural alkalinity in tissue of rats of different ages]. AB - The single-strand breaks in DNA of cell nuclei of the normal and regenerating liver and kidneys are studied depending on the rat age by the sedimentation analysis within the gradient of alkaline sucrose without previous purification and isolation of the preparations. It is found that DNA of tissues under study in the six-month rats sedimentates, forming one fraction of high-molecular DNA (molecular mass 1.3-1.5 x 10(8) Daltons). In sedimentograms of DNA of the same tissues of 24-month rats there appear additional peaks which correspond to the fractions with the low molecular mass (1.6 x 10(7) and 1.2 x 10(5) Daltons), which evidences for the presence of single-strand breaks in DNA of old animals. PMID- 7210207 TI - [Asparaginase and adenosine deaminase activities in rat liver under different conditions of protein and protein-free diet]. AB - The activities of asparaginase and adenosine desaminase were determined in the liver tissue and that of adenosine desaminase--in blood serum of rats under different conditions of protein and protein-free diet. The asparaginase activity is shown to decrease significantly in the liver tissue under conditions of protein-free diet and increases under long complete protein and complete caloric diet as well as under complete fasting. The adenosine desaminase activity in the liver tissue lowers significantly as compared to the control under conditions of both the 20-day complete protein diet and protein diet and increases to some extent as compared to its level in the animals under conditions of protein deficiency and complete fasting. In blood serum the adenosine desaminase activity decreases under the 20-day complete protein diet and when transferring rats from the 10-day protein-free diet to the 10-day complete protein diet. It is supposed that the unidirectional change in the adenosine desaminase activity in the liver tissue under different conditions of feeding is associated with the diversity of ways stimulating the production of adenosine in the decomposition processes. PMID- 7210209 TI - [Participation of iron ions in antioxidant action of urea]. AB - The in vitro and in vivo experiments show that urea inhibits the bivalent iron oxidation and as a result inhibits the lipids peroxide oxidation in homogenates of the brain and liver tissues and in suspension of rat erythrocytes. PMID- 7210211 TI - [Lipid peroxidation at early stages of loach development]. AB - The activity of the nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation system in the lipids of eggs and embryos of Misgurnus fossilis during the first 6 hours of development is low, on the average, still being somewhat changed. Based on the thermochemoluminescent data, one may assume that the low activity of this system results from the presence of lipophilic antioxidants. Maximum induction periods of thermochemoluminescence have been found for mitochondrial fraction lipid, the minimum one--for microsomal lipid fraction. During 6 hours of the development the induction periods of thermochemoiuminescence of mitochondrial, lysosomal and of microsomal lipid fractions undergo some changes. During the development changes in the effective activation energy of peroxidation of embryo yolk and blastoderm lipids are observed as well. PMID- 7210210 TI - [Respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in isolated liver cells under freezing conditions]. AB - Respiration and oxidative phosphorylation of hepatocytes were studied as affected by low temperatures and cryoprotectors. Fast freezing of these cells down to -196 degrees C with the presence of mentioned substances causes considerable destruction of their structures. The intensity of the oxygen endogenic uptake lowers significantly, respiration and oxidative phosphorylation become uncoupled. Two-stage freezing down to -196 degrees C also causes a complete uncoupling of the oxidation and phosphorylation processes in the hepatocyte mitochondria. When freezing hepatocytes down to -196 degrees C by the multistage programme with the presence of cryoprotectors in a 10% concentration, the mitochondria retain 20, 30 and 40% of their functional properties, respectively. PMID- 7210212 TI - [Isoenzymic spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase in rat liver and myocardium as affected by polychlorocamphene]. AB - In rats, which were administered daily during four months polychlorocamphene, the lactate dehydrogenase activity rises in the myocardium independently of the method of the preparation application and in the liver it increases only with a simultaneous peroral and epicutaneous administration. Under the effect of the pesticide administered by all the methods the content of LDG5 decreases and that of LDC1 increases in the liver, in the myocardium the amount of LDG1 lowers and that of LDG3 and LDG4 rises. PMID- 7210214 TI - [Potentiometric studies of ionogenic groups of immunoglobulin G characteristic of malignant growth]. AB - Application of the method of potentiometric acid-base titration for studying the character of available for titration ionogenic groups of immunoglobulin G characteristic of malignant growth and immunoglobulin G isolated from the health people blood serum made it possible to detect some differences evidencing for different conformation of the molecules of the proteins under study. PMID- 7210213 TI - [Thymocyte receptors reacting with red blood cells and Fc portion of immunoglobulin G]. AB - Some properties of glycoprotein isolated from rat thymocytes were studied. The glycoprotein (its molecular weight is found to be about 12000 Daltons) has an affinity for autologous and xenogenous red blood cells as well as for Fc portion of IgG. It is shown that the glycoprotein belongs to the thymocyte plasma membrane receptors responsible for interaction with erythrocytes and possesses the Fe receptor properties. The data give reason to conclude that at least one of the Fc receptors has the affinity for SRBC, ARBC and Fe portion of IgG. PMID- 7210215 TI - [Kinetics of production of slightly soluble aggregates of immunoglobulin G characteristic of malignant growth]. AB - Studies in kinetics of production of slightly soluble aggregates of immunoglobulin G characteristic of malignant growth with serum alpha-globulins under the effect of the acid medium on the sera of cancer patients resulted in establishing that this process is subjected to the equation first order reaction. The analysis of the kinetic curves showed that immunoglobulin G characteristic of malignant growth is available in blood of the patients at all the stages of the tumour development. PMID- 7210216 TI - [Biosynthesis of cholesterol and formation of cholesta-4-dien-3-one in stomach and intestine of rats with experimental D-hypovitaminosis]. AB - Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis with D-hypovitaminosis is shown to occur in the secretary and esophageal regions of the stomach, mucose and serous membranes of small intestine at the stages of methylsterol demelthylation and transformation of lathosterol into 7-dehydrocholesterol. With this pathology under study there occurs considerable increase in the content of the 7 dehydrocholesterol oxidation product--cholesta-4,7-dien-3-one in the above mentioned tissues. A problem on possible inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis with D-hypovitaminosis by this oxycompound is under discussion. PMID- 7210217 TI - [Method for estimating data of potentiometric titration of membrane fragments by computers]. AB - The flow chart of the computer programme is described for estimation of the quantity and pK values of separate ionogenic sites of the membrane based on the data of potentiometric titration with application of graphic method for calculation of parametres of titration differential curves. Its application makes it possible to reduce the time for calculating the potentiometric curves, to chose minima in the differential curve more objectively for characterization the pK values and to calculate areas of its different plots, which characterize binding capacity for ionogenic groups. The programme was written in the Analytic language for the MIR-2 computer. PMID- 7210218 TI - [Effect of neuromediators on NADH oxidation in rat brain tissue]. AB - It is shown that noradrenaline and serotonin have an influence on NADH-oxidation (increase or decrease) in the rat brain mitochondria and microsomes. The effects depend on various conditions: concentration, their combination with each other, etc. Acetylcholine has no effect on this process as well as on some dehydrogenases investigated previously but it can change the effect of other compounds. It may be proposed that acetylcholine, being inactive itself, serves as a modulator of the action of other compounds (noradrenaline, serotonin). PMID- 7210219 TI - [Characteristics of energy metabolism in the tissues of lake frogs and certain reptiles during prolonged deep hypothermia]. AB - A week hypothermia (2-4 degrees C) does not cause a considerable decrease in content of glycogen in the liver, muscles, brain tissues of Lacerta strigata, Natrix tessellata and Rana ridibunda. In Eremias arguta pangolins the level of glycogen in the liver and muscles under these conditions is twice as low. Prolongation of hypothermia till three weeks causes a 4-fold decrease in the polysaccharide level in the liver of Eremias arguta and Lacerta strigata. The content of nonesterified fatty acids in blood under hypothermia (especially of three-week one) considerably exceeds the normal level. The content of lactic acid in tissues is two-three times as high under prolonged hypothermia, in the reptile muscles creatine phosphate accumulates in high amounts. PMID- 7210220 TI - [Effect of mixed function oxidases on phthalophos transformation in rat liver]. AB - Phthalophos, organophosphoric pesticide, in the perfused isolated liver of rats transforms to water-soluble oxymethyl phthalimide and phthalimide. The induction of the liver hydroxylating enzymic system with milbex accelerates transformation of phthalophos: in 5 min only 14% of its initial amount is found in perfusate, while in the control--52%. The inhibition of the hydroxylating enzymic system with tetramethylthiuramdisulphide (dithiocarbamate pesticide) inhibits transformation of phthalophos: in 15 min perfusate contains 33% of its initial amount and the control--16%. Induction and inhibition of the hydroxylating enzymic system of the liver affect essentially the phthalophos toxicodynamics, decreasing the degree of the cholinesterase activity. PMID- 7210221 TI - [Activity of carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activity in normal and pathologic parodontal tissues]. AB - The activity of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocytrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and the ATR content in the alveolar process and gingiva of dogs are established to decrease considerably in experimental cholestasis, induced by ligation of the common bile duct. Incorporation of tissue proteins into the Krebs cycle through the reverse NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase reaction is a compensatory reaction favouring an increase of the ATP amount in the alveolar process. PMID- 7210222 TI - [Effect of strontium salts on the blood acetylcholine-cholinesterase system]. PMID- 7210223 TI - [Catalytic properties of cathepsin D from the brains of normal and irradiated animals]. AB - Biospecific sorbent, hemoglobin-biogel P-300, was used for purification of cathepsin D from the brain and spleen of a cat and from the brain of normal and irradiated rats. 800 R irradiation of rats in 7 days causes changes in the catalytic properties of cathepsin D: shift of the pH-optimum of the activity, increase in the enzyme affinity to the substrate (hemoglobin) and inhibitor (pepstatin), changes in the activation energy. These changes may be due to the destruction of the processes of posttranscriptional modification of the enzymes at the late stage of the radiation pathology. The temperature dependence of the enzyme reaction catalyzed by cathepsin D from different tissues expressed in the Arrhenius coordinates is characterized by changes in the activation energy in the high-temperature region beginning with the critical temperature (26-30 degrees C). The results obtained may be explained by the presence of cathepsin E admixtures in the purified cathepsin D preparation (in spleen) or by the presence of cathepsin D isoforms catalyzing hemoglobin hydrolysis with different activation energy. PMID- 7210224 TI - [Redox state of free nicotinamide coenzymes and phosphoenolpyruvate synthesis in rat and guinea pig liver]. AB - The paper deals with the redox state of free nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (the NAD+/NADH ratio) in main compartments of the rat and guinea pig liver cells. NAD-pairs of cytoplasm and mitochondria in guinea pigs liver are shown to be more reduced than those in rats' liver. Stimulation of glucogenesis decreases the NAD+/NADH ratio in both compartments of rat liver and increases it in the guinea pigs' liver mitochondria. The guinea pigs' liver mitochondria synthesize actively phosphoenol pyruvate from oxaloacetate, malate and alpha-ketoglutarate. A decrease in the NAD+/NADH ratio value with introduction of beta-oxybutyrate into the incubation medium inhibits the phosphenolpyruvate synthesis from malate by 73%. PMID- 7210226 TI - [Management of the therapy of depression with tricyclic antidepressive agents]. PMID- 7210225 TI - [Amino acid composition and subunit structure of rabbit muscle aldolase in experimental atherosclerosis]. AB - Under atherosclerosis the fractions corresponding to alpha-subunits are focused at a more alkaline pH than the same fractions in the norm. The curve of the enzymic activity of the fractions with atherosclerosis is higher. beta-subunits of aldolase from muscles of intact rabbits and those with sclerosis are identical in the amino acidic composition. In the enzyme alpha-subunits under conditions of atherosclerosis the content of lysine, serine, glycine, valine gets higher. On the basis of the previous research which reveals peptide having no analogs in the norm in the C-terminal fragment of aldolase molecule an assumption is advanced that under conditions of atherosclerosis the intermediate C-terminal site of the enzyme alpha-chain changes. PMID- 7210227 TI - [Severe hypokalemic alkalosis. Illustration by a case induced by diuretics]. PMID- 7210228 TI - [Migraine in children]. PMID- 7210229 TI - [Use of an autosuture instrument in gastroenterology surgery (Autosuture stapling instrument EEA United States Surgical Corporation)]. PMID- 7210230 TI - [A year of urodynamic and urostatic examinations in a general surgery department results and resources used]. PMID- 7210231 TI - [Use of Silastic plates in tendon lesions of the hand]. PMID- 7210232 TI - [Intrauterine contraception in nulliparas with Nullip]. PMID- 7210233 TI - [Toboggan accidents]. PMID- 7210234 TI - [Traumatic carotico-cavernous fistula treated with an intravascular balloon catheter]. PMID- 7210235 TI - [Extrauterine pregnancy after sterilization]. PMID- 7210236 TI - [Clonidine in withdrawal therapy of opiate abuse]. PMID- 7210238 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome]. PMID- 7210237 TI - [Hypersedimentation of unknown origin. A follow-up study]. PMID- 7210239 TI - [Non-palpable breast cancer]. PMID- 7210240 TI - [The significance of mammography in surgical hospital practice]. PMID- 7210241 TI - [Perinatal mortality in abruptio placentae]. PMID- 7210242 TI - [Dextropropoxyphene poisoning with prolonged coma]. PMID- 7210243 TI - [Cerebral sarcoidosis and acute acquired toxoplasmosis in the same patient]. PMID- 7210244 TI - [Clear cell acanthoma]. PMID- 7210245 TI - [Diagnosis of abruptio placentae by means of ultrasound scanning]. PMID- 7210246 TI - [Guillain-Barre syndrome and pregnancy]. PMID- 7210247 TI - [Mental retardation in West Zeeland. V. Patients discharged from Andersvaenge]. PMID- 7210248 TI - [Drowning accidents and alcohol]. PMID- 7210249 TI - [Children drowned in bathtubs 1973-1977]. PMID- 7210250 TI - [Translabyrinth surgery for acoustic neurinoma in Denmark. Results of the first 100 operations]. PMID- 7210251 TI - [Acoustic neurinoma. Neurosurgical treatment by suboccipital approach]. PMID- 7210252 TI - [Thoracoscopy]. PMID- 7210253 TI - [Treatment of hirsutism by electro-epilation in a hospital milieu]. PMID- 7210254 TI - [Triploidy in a live-born infant]. PMID- 7210255 TI - [Beware of sterile pyuria. A case report of tuberculous epididymitis]. PMID- 7210256 TI - [Eclampsia in hydatiform mole]. PMID- 7210258 TI - [Psychiatric night service]. PMID- 7210257 TI - [Tremor. Possibility of medical treatment]. PMID- 7210259 TI - [Investigations of stability with the fixateur externe during strain of bending. Vertical and eccentric strain during compression of the fracture line and while the distance of support is changed (author's transl)]. AB - The Fixateur externe was investigated under vertical and eccentric load when the fracture line was compressed and the distance of support was changed. Three kinds of mounting were used: R (Fixateur externe as frame), Z (three dimensional Fixateur externe) and Z2S (three dimensional Fixateur externe with two screws according to Schanz). If the distance of outer support was increased, the stability became greatly reduced. A compression increased the stability around the fracture line and on the free end of the system. A compression force of 10 kp at the fracture line yielded the greatest increase in stability. If in case of the methods R and Z, the compression was increased beyond 70 kp, there resulted even an instability, which depended on the distance of support. The most stable method of mounting was the three-dimensional Fixateur externe with two screws according to Schanz. The stability was compared if there was either a defect or a compression at the line of the fracture: there resulted a strikingly increased instability, if the distance of support was increased. The compression made it possible to compensate partly for the loss of stability. PMID- 7210260 TI - [Biomechanical studies on plate prebending and pretensioning in compression osteosynthesis (author's transl)]. AB - By tensioning plates which are contoured exactly to the bone shaft a torque is produced leading to gapping of the cortex opposite to the plate. The gapping depends on the amount of tension force and plate stiffness. In osteosyntheses performed on transversely osteotomized tibial and femoral shafts with plates adapted to the bone surface the gapping angles of tibia osteotomies with narrow plates are twice as large as those of femur osteotomies with broad plates. In order to eliminate the torque the plates must be prebent before application. Three phases have been defined to describe the tension process of prebent plates. During phase I the fragments are in contact opposite the plates only. By further tensioning the plates are straightened and the fragments come in full contact, thus beginning phase II. When the center of compression is situated in the middle of the diaphysis cross-section a uniform compression distribution is achieved. Phase III begins when the force along the plates distracts the cortex opposite the implant. The boundaries of the phases and the prebending angles which guarantee uniform interfragmental compression distribution in dependence of the tension forces are of paramount importance. Therefore the relationship between the forces necessary to bend back the prebent plates and the prebending angles were investigated. With the obtained values diagrams were constructed for compression osteosynthesis either with narrow round hole and DC plates applied to radius/ulna and tibia, or with broad round hole and DC plates applied to humerus and femur. PMID- 7210261 TI - [Injuries through traffic accidents to car occupants with and without the obligation to wear safety belts (author's transl)]. AB - Two prospective studies of car accidents within the town of Basel in cars with and without safety belts were conducted. Between June 1, 1972 and May 31, 1973 the police registered 1856 accidents of vehicles with 2862 occupants. Between January 1, 1976 and December 31, 1976 2459 accidents of vehicles with a total of 3332 occupants were recorded. A comparison was made between the frequency of accidents, the type of cars involved, the estimated speed at the time of collision, the direction of the impact at the time of the accident, the estimated damage on the car, the existence of safety belts in the different cars, the kind of the safety belt, if any, the occupation of seats and sex and age of the occupants. Furthermore it was noted how often the safety belt was used in relation to sex, age, place in the car and the estimated speed at the time of collision. Special emphasis was laid upon the probability of an injury and the degree of such an injury in persons with and without safety belt. Since 1976 all card had to be equipped with safety belts. In 1976 31% less injured persons per period of observation and 41% less injuries per accident were observed. Among persons who used the belt four times less head injuries, three times less minor injuries and five times less severe injuries were found compared to occupants not wearing safety belts. PMID- 7210262 TI - [Pelvic fractures of seat belted car occupants]. AB - From November 1974 to June 1978 60 severely injured car-occupants wearing seatbelt were treated at the department of surgery, University of Kiel. Ten of them sustained pelvic fractures. The cause of the injury was a direct pelvic trauma from the crashed car in 6 passengers. The maximum load on the pelvis was exceeded by the seatbelt during the delay of the car only in 4 patients. Contrary to the trauma by the lap-belt with abdominal-, lumbar spine, and pelvic injuries (seatbelt-syndrome by Garrett and Braunstein [5]) we found car-occupants with a threepoint-seatbelt injuries of the thorax, of the head with facial fractures and rarely with cerebral trauma, and of the legs with tarsal fractures. In our cases and in the literature pelvic fractures of car-passengers, who are wearing threepoint-seatbelts, are rare. PMID- 7210263 TI - [Analysis of the therapeutic results in 1127 patients with fractures of the femur in the Federal Republic of Germany and in Switzerland (author's transl)]. AB - Under the aspect of quality control of the surgical treatment the results of femur-fractures of 1127 patients were scrutinized. These patients were treated in 16 German and in 21 Swiss AO-hospitals. Different complications are discussed. The study shows that not so much the chosen method of osteosynthesis is of paramount importance, but the way it is performed, especially if the surgical technic is done according to standardized principles and biomechanical rules. As the injuries are in many cases very severe and as in many patients the fracture of the femur is only part of the polytrauma, the results are satisfying. PMID- 7210264 TI - [Lung function after thoracic injury--an aid for indication for an early decortication (author's transl)]. AB - In 16 patients with severe chest injuries the pulmonary function was evaluated as early as possible. Special emphasis was laid upon the basic criteria for the indication of an early decortication in cases of organized hematothorax. A follow up study of ten patients, who were treated conservatively and of six patients, who underwent decortication, showed that the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume and the compliance of the lung were the most reliable criteria. They showed, if a traumatic disturbance of the lung function was reversible or irreversible. It seems that patients improve faster after decortication. If, however, signs of a quick spontaneous recovery of the lung function is seen, there is no indication for surgery. PMID- 7210265 TI - [Antibodies against staphylococci in patients of a department for orthopedic surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Sera from different groups of patients in a department of traumatic surgery were examined for staphylococcal alpha-antitoxin-titres. In comparison to a group of normal controls the following changes were found: 1. Patients, had significantly raised titres, if they had undergone surgery because of closed fractures, pseudarthrosis and luxations and even if the postoperative course was uneventful. This can be explained through the wide-spread occurrence of staphylococci in hospitals, which can invade the organisms through an incision, the skin or mucous membranes. These findings should be kept in mind while estimating staphylococcal antitoxin-titres in patients hospitalized over a long period. 2. Patients suffering from surgical infections and also paraplegics showed still more significantly raised antitoxin-titres in comparison to the normal controls or to patients, who had undergone aseptic surgery. Increased titres were found even in the sera of patients, whose wounds did not drain staphylococcus aureus. Patients suffering from chronic staphylococcal osteomyelitis showed the highest mean values of antitoxin-titres; these patients, however, had also the greatest variations with high and low levels. The question arouse whether a high or a low level corresponds to the severity of the disease. It was found that it is necessary to titrate different antibodies against staphylococcal toxins. In a second paper the results of the simultaneous determination of alpha-antitoxin and anti-PV-leucocidin in patients with posttraumatic bone infections will be presented. PMID- 7210266 TI - [Complications after total hip endoprosthesis: fracture of the femur and simultaneous fracture of the cement mount of the acetabulum (author's transl)]. AB - Report about a rare complication after total hip endoprosthesis with a simultaneous rupture of the cement mount in the acetabulum (due to a trauma) and a fracture of the femur. The x-rays and the intraoperative findings were interpreted erroneously; therefore the diagnosis was delayed. A second operation was needed to reimplant the acetabulum. During the same operation a wrong position of the prosthesis (outward rotation) had to be corrected. PMID- 7210267 TI - [Connection between deviated axis and impaired function after fractures of the forearm (author's transl)]. AB - Based on follow-up studies of forearm fractures in children the connection between malunion and limitation of forearm rotation has been examined. This limitation of forearm rotation is often caused by deviations of the ulnar and radial shaft in the same direction which have not been corrected by growth. With the aid of geometric drawings it is demonstrated that palmar deviations of bones lead to limited supination whereas dorsal deviations must cause reduced pronation. This limitation increases in proportion to the angle of deviation and proximity to shaft middle. PMID- 7210268 TI - [Ways of treatment in chronic lateral instability of the knee joint (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic insufficiency of the lateral knee ligaments is more frequent than generally known. They are more troubling than a medial one. It exists only as a rotatory -- or combined ligament instability. For treatment the joint has to be inspected thoroughly; extraarticular corrections are mandatory. The common operative technics are described; special emphasis is laid upon Hughston's procedure for antero-lateral and postero-lateral instability. PMID- 7210269 TI - [Functional after-treatment, exercises and appraisal after lesions of the knee ligaments (author's transl)]. AB - Lesions of the capsule and the ligaments of the knee joint require immobilization, regardless if they are treated with or without surgery. The plaster cast causes an atrophy of muscles which have an important function together with the capsule. During immobilization isometric tension exercises can work against the atrophy and are useful to regain the full mobility of the joint. The period of immobilization depends on the lesion. Active and to some extent passive exercises, gymnastics in water and combined exercises (e.g. cycling, walking in water) determine the therapy. A mobilization of the joint under anesthesia is excluded. Thermotherapy and massaging are contraindicated for an injured knee. An expert appraisal has to evaluate the injury in connection with the accident and with the degree of damage. PMID- 7210270 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of lesions to the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1971 and 1979 60 patients with fresh lesions of the knee joint ligaments were treated surgically in Giessen. 37 of these patients could be followed-up two years after the accident. Seven patients from 1979 were excluded due to the shortness of time. A scheme of evaluation with different criteria was established. In 17 patients -- almost 50% -- a good, in another 17 a satisfying result was achieved. In three cases, whose injuries and complications are described in detail, the outcome was poor. PMID- 7210271 TI - [Results after surgical treatment of injuries to the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1974 and 1978 at the "Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik" Frankfurt/Main 124 patients with lesions to the knee ligaments were treated; 117 patients could be followed up. All cases were classified according to the accident, the impact and the mechanism of the injury. The case-reports were supplemented by a graduation of the rotation stability and a general description of the own surgical technic and the postoperative care. For evaluation the surgically treated cases were divided according to the time they received treatment (immediately, early or late). All three groups were evaluated separately using the same objective and subjective criteria. It was found that the functional late results depended on the time of the first treatment. The findings led to the conclusion that injuries to the ligaments of the knee joint should be treated immediately by surgery. PMID- 7210272 TI - [Anatomy and biomechanic function of capsule and ligaments of the knee joint (author's transl)]. AB - The anatomic characteristics of the different parts of the knee joint, which are important for the function, are outlined. The passive stabilizers are discussed with special emphasis upon the dorsal ligaments of the capsule. Anatomy and functions of the active stabilizers of the joint are described. In the second part of the paper the complicated mechanism of the knee joint is discussed. It follows the laws of kinetics and can be therefore tested and reproduced. PMID- 7210273 TI - [Classification and clinical diagnosis of lesions to the capsule and the ligaments of the knee point (author's transl)]. AB - A classification of lesion of the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint can be related to the possible dislocation of the tibial head due to the injury. Analysing the dislocation the injured structures can be determined. This classification provides a better planning for the reconstruction of fresh and old injuries. A proper knowledge of the anatomy and the biomechanics of the knee joint is essential. Experimental and clinical experience over the last decade show that a simple classification in lateral, medial, anterior and posterior instability is inadequate. Therefore a more specific classification is recommended. Under this aspect history and clinical findings are of utmost importance for the diagnosis of injuries to the capsule and the ligaments of the knee joint. PMID- 7210274 TI - [Extended diagnosis for lesions of the capsule and the ligament of the knee joint (author's transl)]. AB - X-rays taken under mechanical positioning of the joint with standardized conditions are helpful aids in the diagnosis of injuries of the knee capsule and ligaments. In comparison to the non-affected knee the extent of instability of the joint can be exactly demonstrated. Arthrography is of little help in fresh injuries to the knee capsule and ligaments, but can be useful to assess the residuals of old damage to the joint. Arthroscopy has its place mainly in the diagnosis of old injuries and hardly any in fresh lesions. In general, however, arthroscopy is a very valuable diagnostic procedure. PMID- 7210275 TI - [Fractures of the humeral condyles in children. Results of conservative treatment -discussion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210276 TI - [Treatment of comminution fractures of the basis of the radius--an alternative way (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210277 TI - [Fractures of the carpal bones in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210278 TI - [Supracondylar varisation osteotomy in genu valgum with a jig (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210279 TI - [Osteosynthesis on the tibial head (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210280 TI - [Double-fractures of the lower leg (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210281 TI - [External closed drainage treatment of chronic subdural hematomas after bore-hole trepanation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210282 TI - [Pathological fractures as first sign of cancer--report of 25 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210283 TI - [A method for the detection of metal in biological tissues (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210284 TI - [The dowel-bolt--a supplement to the bolting-nail (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210285 TI - [Pathogenesis of the pseudarthroses: diagnosis and therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210286 TI - [Scintigraphic bone scans of vertebrae fractures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210287 TI - [Clinical analysis of typical fractures of metal implants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210288 TI - [The comminuted and luxated fracture of the head of the humerus: resection or reattachment of the fragments of the head (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210289 TI - [Biomechanical studies of plate osteosynthesis on the concave surface of the distal tibia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210290 TI - [Diagnosis and follow-up study of osteochondrosis dissecans tali (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210291 TI - [Standard examination for assessment of spine injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210292 TI - [Avulsion fractures of the tibial eminence in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210293 TI - [Indication for osteosynthesis after conservative treatment of fractures of the tibia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210294 TI - [The rupture of the articular disc as a reason for posttraumatic pain in the wrist joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210295 TI - [Ligamentous injury of the ankle joint. Results after primary operative treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210296 TI - [Isolated fracture of the os trapezium--a rare injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210297 TI - [Traumatic paraplegia and quiescent rupture of the aorta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210298 TI - [Traumatic diaphragmatic paralysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210299 TI - [Trends in medical studies]. PMID- 7210300 TI - [Psychosocial characteristics of students at the time of entering medical school]. PMID- 7210301 TI - [The early stage of clinical immersion. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7210302 TI - [The complement system in discoid lupus associated with homozygote deficiency of the 2d complement component (C2)]. PMID- 7210303 TI - [Psychiatric approaches to migraine]. PMID- 7210304 TI - [Gastroplasty and the fundoplication circumference: review of the technique and its utilization for gastro-esophageal reflux]. PMID- 7210305 TI - [Genetic study of myopathies in Tunisia]. PMID- 7210306 TI - [Renal excretion of glucose and electrolytes in hyperglycemia continuously stabilized by controlled glucose perfusion. A study of normal and diabetic subjects]. PMID- 7210308 TI - [The physician: his birth, his sexuality, his death]. PMID- 7210309 TI - [Pedagogics and physicians]. PMID- 7210307 TI - [Use of radioisotope (99m Tc-MAA) phlebography in the detection of deep vein thrombophlebitis of the leg]. PMID- 7210310 TI - [Is there a left hemi-body and a right hemi-body? 1. Motor asymmetries of the extremities]. PMID- 7210311 TI - [Subliminal perception. 1. Its nature and the controversy engendered]. PMID- 7210312 TI - [Chemical, allergenic and carcinogenic occupational diseases in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 7210313 TI - [Peripheral vascular microsurgery]. PMID- 7210314 TI - [Influence of disease on the metabolism and effects of drugs in man]. PMID- 7210315 TI - [Prevalence of cigarette smoking among schoolchildren: Quebec, 1978]. PMID- 7210316 TI - [Selective beta blockaders (metoprolol) versus non selective (propranolol): comparative effects on the composition of lipoprotein fractions and on blood pressure]. PMID- 7210317 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 7210318 TI - [Is a hysterectomy justifiable to prevent post-tubal ligation syndrome?]. PMID- 7210319 TI - [Herniography: reevaluation after 3 complications]. PMID- 7210320 TI - [Hyperadduction syndrome by axillary artery compression--ergonomic value]. PMID- 7210321 TI - [Pharmaco: antibiotic during pregnancy]. PMID- 7210322 TI - [Indications for extra-intracranial bypass in the treatment of cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 7210323 TI - [Treatment of intracranial saccular aneurysms: apropos of 137 patients operated on from 1959 to 1979]. PMID- 7210326 TI - [Selection of medical students: trends in Quebec and a defense of the right to be arbitrary]. PMID- 7210324 TI - [Methods of surgical approach to the cervical spine]. PMID- 7210325 TI - [The Romano-Ward syndrome: review of the literature a propos of a French-Canadian family]. PMID- 7210328 TI - [The turret image: an echographic sign useful in lower bile duct obstruction]. PMID- 7210327 TI - [Incorporation of behavioral sciences into medical education]. PMID- 7210329 TI - [A preliminary study of bufexamac in pediatric dermatology]. PMID- 7210330 TI - [Acute non-lymphoblastic leukemias during Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in remission: a distinct cytogenetic entity]. PMID- 7210331 TI - [Is there a left hemibody and a right hemibody? 2. The lateralization of axioproximal motor functions]. PMID- 7210332 TI - [Subliminal perception: neurophysiologic models and aspects of research in Quebec]. PMID- 7210333 TI - [Treatment of constipation in the elderly]. PMID- 7210334 TI - [Syphilis in pregnancy: an avoidable high risk]. PMID- 7210335 TI - [Coronary heart disease induced by radiotherapy]. PMID- 7210336 TI - [Cancer of the hypopharynx, results in patients treated at Notre Dame Hospital from 1970 to 1977]. PMID- 7210337 TI - [Parasitology: I am tired]. PMID- 7210338 TI - [WHO's education of teachers of health professionals]. PMID- 7210339 TI - [Dermatology: a young person with a medallion]. PMID- 7210340 TI - [Measles: current status]. PMID- 7210341 TI - [Paralysing shell fish poisoning]. PMID- 7210342 TI - [Surveillance of metformin: final report]. PMID- 7210343 TI - [Dermatology: squamae]. PMID- 7210345 TI - [Parasitology: children and dogs]. PMID- 7210344 TI - [Cancer: a psychosomatic disease?]. PMID- 7210346 TI - Clinical evaluation of impotence. PMID- 7210347 TI - Sleep erection monitoring in the evaluation of male erectile failure. PMID- 7210348 TI - Psychological aspects of male sexual dysfunction. Diagnosis and management. PMID- 7210350 TI - Semirigid penile prostheses in the management of erectile impotence. PMID- 7210349 TI - Endocrine aspects of impotence. PMID- 7210351 TI - Use of the inflatable penile prosthesis in erectile dysfunction. PMID- 7210353 TI - The varicocele and male infertility. AB - Varicocele is accepted as a common cause of male subfertility, even though many men with varicocele appear to have normal fertility. The pathophysiology of the varicocele effect on fertility remains unclear, but the association of varicocele with decreased testicular size, abnormal testicular histology, and abnormal semen parameters is clearly established. Because a small varicocele may impair fertility, it must be diligently sought, and the Doppler stethoscope may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis when a venous thrill is equivocal during the Valsalva maneuver in a standing patient. Abnormal semen parameters should be demonstrated in subfertile males with varicocele prior to advising varicocelectomy. Decreased sperm motility or a "stress pattern" in the semen should be documented; however a decreased sperm count may or may not be present. Various surgical approaches are available. When suprainguinal approaches have been used, failures have been shown to be attributable to secondarily incompetent cremasteric system veins. When high inguinal approaches are used, unsuccessful operations are probably secondary to a failure to identify one of the several venous tributaries that may be present at this level. The surgeon's approach should be based on available data, and his patients should be informed that failures are possible with any method of varicocelectomy until experience indicates otherwise. In most series, improvement in semen quality and pregnancy rates have been reported in a significant percentage of patients undergoing varicocelectomy for infertility. However, prior to subjection of the patient to varicocelectomy, the wife of the varicocele patient should be thoroughly studied (and treated when indicated). PMID- 7210354 TI - Reversal of vasectomy and the treatment of male infertility. Role of microsurgery, vasoepididymostomy, and pressure-induced changes of vasectomy. PMID- 7210352 TI - Medical treatment of the infertile male. AB - In summary, the effective treatment of certain disorders of male infertility is possible. As in all areas of medicine, the more specific the diagnosis, the more specific the treatment, and, as expected, the greater the success of treatment. Much of the confusion regarding the efficacy of the medical treatment of infertility has been generated by the use of empiric treatment modalities without thorough diagnostic evaluation. Further advances in knowledge pertaining to the mechanism of infertility should increase the precision of our forms of treatment, thus producing increased rates of success. PMID- 7210355 TI - Neurophysiology of erection. PMID- 7210356 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of stone formation in fused and dystopic kidneys]. PMID- 7210357 TI - [Advantages of the monopolar lead-in electropyelograms and electroureterograms]. PMID- 7210358 TI - [Complications in the surgical treatment of megaureter in children]. PMID- 7210359 TI - [Relative kidney function index in hydronephrosis and hydroureteronephrosis]. PMID- 7210360 TI - [Determination of the degree of risk in the surgical treatment of middle-aged and elderly urological patients]. PMID- 7210361 TI - [Effect of the hormonal treatment of prostate cancer on the hemostasis system]. PMID- 7210362 TI - [Fangotherapy of chronic prostatis at The Lake Uchum health resort]. PMID- 7210363 TI - [Drainage of the upper urinary tracts by puncture nephrostomy and suspended catheterization]. PMID- 7210364 TI - [Local pyromecaine anesthesia of the urethra]. PMID- 7210365 TI - [Contralateral kidney function in unilateral recurrent nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 7210367 TI - Prostate cancer today. Seminar sponsored by National Prostatic Cancer Project and American Urological Association, Inc. PMID- 7210366 TI - Prostate cancer today. PMID- 7210368 TI - Bone scanning in prostatic cancer. PMID- 7210369 TI - Glandular profiles and cellular patterns in prostatic cancer grading. National Prostatic Cancer Project System. PMID- 7210370 TI - Nodal involvement as prognostic indicator in prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 7210371 TI - Pheochromocytoma of bladder. AB - A typical case of pheochromocytoma of the bladder is presented, and reported cases are reviewed. PMID- 7210372 TI - Survival after radical cystectomy for invasive transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. AB - Forty-eight patients with invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder underwent radical cystectomy over a ten-year period. Thirty-three patients also underwent pelvic lymph node dissection. Lymphadenectomy did not statistically alter the rate of operative mortality, morbidity, or over-all survival. PMID- 7210373 TI - Transperineal percutaneous I-125 implant of prostate. AB - Although Iodine-125 seeds for interstitial radiation of prostatic cancer via the retropubic route is an established method of treatment, the retropubic implant technique has disadvantages: inadequate space for proper placement of the needles, possible bleeding from the prostatic venous plexus by the insertion of needles through these veins, and possible wound infection due to inadvertent puncturing of the bladder and/or rectum by the needles. A technique is described whereby Iodine-125 seeds for interstitial radiation are placed into the prostate through the perineum allowing more accurate placement of the seeds, assuring homogenous dose distribution, and decreasing the risk of bleeding and of bacterial contamination. PMID- 7210374 TI - Basal cell carcinoma of scrotum. AB - Two cases of basal cell carcinoma of the scrotum are reported. Wide local excision of the lesion is all that is necessary as primary treatment because regional lymph node metastases are seldom seen. PMID- 7210375 TI - Experimental evidence of increased ipsilateral gentamicin nephrotoxicity after unilateral ureteral obstruction. AB - This study describes an experimental model for the investigation of nephrotoxicity in which the aminoglycoside, gentamicin, is given after unilateral ureteral obstruction is produced. The preliminary findings indicate a significantly more severe loss of renal function in the obstructed kidney which receives gentamicin than in the obstructed kidney which does not. PMID- 7210376 TI - Surgical management of ectopic ureterocele. AB - Nine patients with ectopic ureterocele, complete duplication, and nonvisualization of the upper renal segment are presented. All were managed with heminephrectomy and partial ureterectomy only. The procedure immediately controlled urosepsis, and ultimately was successful in the management of associated reflux. Excision of ureterocele and reimplantation of the ipsilateral ureter was unnecessary. PMID- 7210377 TI - Incidental renal mass. AB - Fifty-five patients with 64 incidentally discovered renal masses were evaluated with sonography and/or computerized tomography (CT scanning). Cyst puncture or surgical exploration confirmed the nature of the mass in all cases. We demonstrate that ultrasound is accurate in evaluating renal mass lesions 3 cm. in size or greater, but cannot distinguish between simple or hemorrhagic cysts. CT scanning can characterize lesions 1.5 cm. or greater in size, and those masses that are clearly cystic by CT scanning do not require further evaluation. Masses found to be indeterminate or solid by CT scanning require a more traditional approach. A 9.1-per cent incidence of malignant tumors in this series emphasizes the need for a complete and meticulous evaluation of all renal masses. PMID- 7210378 TI - Acquired cystic disease of kidney in chronic dialysis patients. AB - Eight cases of acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) associated with chronic renal failure and hemodialysis are described. No patient had a family history or clinical evidence of congenital adult polycystic kidney disease (CAPKD). Glomerulonephritis was the cause of renal failure in 6, and pyelonephritis in 2. Massive renal and perirenal hemorrhage necessitated 3 nephrectomies in 2 patients. Single kidney weights did not exceed 280 Gm., a major feature in the distinction of ACDK from CAPKD. Morphologically, in addition to the usual stigmata of end-stage kidneys, 40 to 80 per cent of the renal parenchyma was replaced by small cysts. Continuity of cysts with tubules was established by nephron dissection. PMID- 7210379 TI - Intermittent urinary retention in first trimester of pregnancy. AB - Gynecologic diseases are a rare but easily detectable cause of complete urinary retention. Herein we describe a case of intermittent but complete urinary retention secondary to uterine fibroids and prolapse during the first trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 7210380 TI - Diagnosis of bilateral hydronephrosis in utero by ultrasonography. AB - A case is reported of bilateral hydronephrosis secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction, diagnosed at thirty-six weeks of gestation when ultrasound was performed on the mother for polyhydramnios. PMID- 7210381 TI - Use of dental rubber-dam punch in urology. PMID- 7210382 TI - New catheter extension tube for patients in wheelchairs. PMID- 7210383 TI - Urachal leiomyosarcoma. AB - A case of urachal leiomyosarcoma in a twenty-eight-year-old man is presented. His treatment and a review of the literature are discussed. PMID- 7210384 TI - Seminoma metastatic to ureter. AB - A case of metastatic seminoma to the ureter is presented. The metastasis formed a polypoid intraluminal mass that led to complete obstruction of the ureter, leading to advanced hydronephrosis of the kidney. This is the second case in the world literature of a primary testicular tumor metastasizing to the ureter. PMID- 7210385 TI - Case profile: ureterocele from lower pole. PMID- 7210386 TI - Computed tomographic diagnosis of renal infarction. AB - Two cases of renal infarcts diagnosed on CT scans are presented which demonstrate findings that should be identifiable and diagnostic to indicate renal infarction. The examination is more reliable and specific if it is performed after the administration of intravenous radiographic contrast material. The contrast can be given either by a bolus or an infusion injection. The findings after contrast enhanced scan should be specific enough to identify the cause of the patient's symptoms. A percutaneous CT guided biopsy can be performed to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 7210387 TI - Sonographic evaluation of Peyronie disease. AB - In this case report we illustrate and discuss the use of high frequency, superficial organ, real-time ultrasound scanning in the evaluation of patients with Peyronie disease. PMID- 7210388 TI - Sonographic demonstration of Peyronie plaques. AB - Patients with Peyronie disease have been evaluated with diagnostic ultrasonography to delineate the plaques and identify the presence of calcification. The advantages of this procedure are discussed. This is the first report of the use of diagnostic ultrasound in the evaluation of Peyronie disease. PMID- 7210389 TI - CT and angiographic correlates: surgical image of renal mass lesions. AB - Twenty-three consecutive patients with surgically proved renal mass lesions were examined preoperatively by means of computerized tomography (CT) and renal angiography. Histopathology of the 23 renal masses included the following: hypernephroma (17), transitional cell carcinoma (3), oncocytoma (2), benign cyst (1). Computed tomography was correct in the preoperative diagnosis of 21 of 23 masses (91 per cent); angiographic diagnosis was correct in 18 of 23 consecutive masses (78 per cent). Correlation of the findings on CT and angiography resulted in correct diagnosis in 22 of the 23 lesions (96 per cent). Independently, CT and angiography each contribute essential information for diagnosis and preoperative planning. CT discloses anatomic detail, tissue consistency, organ system relationships, and relatively precise estimates of tumor bulk. Angiography remains a necessary complement providing a surgical image of tumor vascularity and vessel origins. PMID- 7210390 TI - Underuse of suprapubic cystostomy. PMID- 7210391 TI - Perineal cryosurgery of prostate cancer. PMID- 7210392 TI - Rationale and practice of testing chemotherapeutic agents for prostate cancer. PMID- 7210393 TI - Indications and surgical approaches for prostatic cancer. PMID- 7210394 TI - Multimodal therapy of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7210395 TI - Ultrastructural localization of calcium in the lactating mammary cell by cytochemistry and x-ray microanalysis. PMID- 7210396 TI - Strike-induced chemosensory searching in rattlesnakes (Crotalus enyo) as a function of disturbance prior to presentation of prey. PMID- 7210397 TI - [Blood serum lipids and lipoproteins in Meniere's disease]. PMID- 7210398 TI - [Facial paralysis in the late period after general-cavitary operation on the ear and tympanoplasty]. PMID- 7210399 TI - [Characteristics of clinical course and diagnosis of allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract of chemical etiology]. PMID- 7210401 TI - [Effect of unilateral obstruction of nasal breathing on the lower respiratory tract under experimental conditions]. PMID- 7210400 TI - [Psychotherapy in complex treatment of functional dysphonia and aphonia]. PMID- 7210402 TI - [Intraepithelial laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 7210403 TI - [Mechanical injuries of the pharynx and the cervical segment of the esophagus]. PMID- 7210405 TI - [Clinical course of naso-orbital injuries]. PMID- 7210404 TI - [Long-term presence of foreign bodies in the esophagus]. PMID- 7210408 TI - [Comparative results of the treatment of chronic rhinitis by cryo- and ultrasonic surgery]. PMID- 7210407 TI - [Ultrasonic resection and welding of the bond in oto- and rhinoosteoplastic operations by a "closed" method]. PMID- 7210409 TI - [Otogenic abscess of the right temporal lobe and cerebellar abscess with rupture into the cisterna magna, ending in recovery]. PMID- 7210410 TI - [Acute suppurative pansinusitis complicated by meningoencephalitis, sepsis, subperiosteal abscess of the left frontal sinus and periostitis of the left orbit]. PMID- 7210406 TI - [Hearing-preserving surgical treatment of chronic otitis media]. PMID- 7210412 TI - [Case of severe intracranial rhinogenic complication]. PMID- 7210413 TI - [Metastasis of laryngeal cancer into the heart]. PMID- 7210415 TI - [Laryngeal papilloma associated with laryngocele]. PMID- 7210411 TI - [Tonsillectomy complicated by suppurative meningitis]. PMID- 7210414 TI - [Thyroid cancer developing after radiotherapy of laryngeal tumor]. PMID- 7210416 TI - [Nosebleed after conchotomy and electrocautery of the lower nasal conchae requiring unilateral ligation of the external carotid artery]. PMID- 7210417 TI - [Recurrent nosebleed caused by traumatic rupture of the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 7210418 TI - [Immediate clinico-anatomical results of the separate antroatticotomy with tympanoplasty in chronic suppurative otitis media]. PMID- 7210419 TI - New concepts in disease eradication. PMID- 7210420 TI - A comparison of the efficacy of imidocarb dipropionate and tetracycline hydrochloride in the treatment of canine ehrlichiosis. AB - A comparison of the efficacy of imidocarb dipropionate solution and tetracycline hydrochloride in the treatment of naturally occurring ehrlichiosis of dogs presented at the University of Nairobi small animal clinic was carried out. Five to 7 mg per kg imidocarb dipropionate given intramuscularly twice at an interval of 14 days was as effective as 14 daily, oral doses of 66 mg per kg tetracycline hydrochloride in alleviating the clinical signs of disease. Imidocarb eliminated the infection in 81 per cent of the cases whereas tetracyclines cleared only 25 per cent as judged by cell culture isolation. Imidocarb had the further advantage of controlling concurrent babesiosis. The majority of dogs showed some transient side-effects after administration of imidocarb, while a small proportion of dogs dosed with tetracycline reacted adversely and dosage had to be reduced or stopped. PMID- 7210421 TI - Reaginic (type 1 anaphylactic) antibodies produced by calves in response to Hypoderma larvae. AB - Reaginic antibody production by Hypoderma lineatum and H bovis larval antigens were evaluated in three calves using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). Two calves were sensitised with soluble extract of H lineatum larvae and a third was injected with 43 hatching H bovis larvae. Blood serum taken from the calves was injected intradermally in 0.1 ml volumes into three test calves. Sera from the calves sensitised with hypoderma extract produced positive PCA reactions in all three calves with maximum titres of 1:8. Sera from the calf injected with living larvae caused positive PCA reactions in two of the three test calves, the maximum titre being 1:4. The results indicate that the calves produced reaginic antibody to H bovis and H lineatum, although serum concentrations of the antibody were relatively low. PMID- 7210422 TI - Incidence and severity of fatty liver in dairy cows. AB - A survey of the incidence and severity of post-parturient fatty liver in high yielding dairy cows was carried out on 151 cows and 46 heifers from four Friesian herds and one Guernsey herd. In Friesian and Guernsey cows from the second lactation onwards fat occupied a significant proportion (15 to 32 per cent) of the hepatic parenchyma at one week after calving but decreased to low values at eight weeks after calving. Fatty liver was insignificant in heifers of either breed. When the fatty liver was classified according to the amount of fat at one week after calving, 66 per cent of Friesian cows and 33 per cent of Guernsey cows had a moderate or severe fatty liver. The severity of the fatty liver was related to the loss of condition score after calving but not the condition score at calving. PMID- 7210423 TI - Ligation and sclerosis of the epididymis in the bull. AB - In an attempt to induce permanent aspermia the caudae epididymes of 17 bulls were subjected to ligation or injection with ethanolamine or chlorhexidine in dimethyl sulphoxide. Nylon and polyglycolic acid ligatures had little or no effect on the sperm counts although these materials were used in only three bulls. Steel ligation induced aspermia of several weeks' duration in four of six bulls. Although the effect in at least three of these animals might have been permanent, the trial was discontinued because the other two bulls, treated identically, showed little response. Ethanolamine injected into the epididymis also had little or no effect on the ejaculate. By contrast the chlorhexidine preparation produced an almost immediate aspermia sustained until the bulls were slaughtered a year later. PMID- 7210424 TI - Efficacy of albendazole against Dicrocoelium dendriticum in sheep. PMID- 7210425 TI - Survey of abomasal parasitism of culled dairy cows in southern Britain. PMID- 7210426 TI - Advantages of fumigation. PMID- 7210427 TI - Campylobacter infections in cats and dogs. PMID- 7210428 TI - The possible role of respiratory syncytial virus and Pasteurella spp in calf respiratory disease. AB - In a natural outbreak of respiratory disease during 1976, 31 of 43 calves showed moderately severe clinical signs which included pyrexia (maximum 42 degrees C) and tachypnoea. During the outbreak infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was demonstrated by isolation from nasopharyngeal swabs or by serology. Pasteurella haemolytica or P multocida were isolated from the blood of four and five calves respectively. In the month before disease 65 per cent of the calves showed significant antibody responses to P haemolytica. However a similar serological response to P haemolytica was demonstrated during 1975 in a comparable group of calves in which no disease and no infection with RSV was detected. No serological response to P multocida was demonstrated in either year. The temporal correlation of RSV infection with respiratory disease in the group of 43 calves was striking but the evidence neither reinforced nor discounted the possibility of interaction between RSV and P haemolytica infection in the pathogenesis of disease. PMID- 7210429 TI - Mastitis and abortion in dairy cattle associated with Leptospira of the serotype hardjo. AB - Following a sudden drop in milk yield in a large dairy herd, leptospiral mastitis due to serotype hardjo was diagnosed serologically and by isolation of the organism from the milk and urine of affected cows. Two milkers subsequently became ill and developed titres to the Hebdomadis serogroup. During the same period the neighbouring herd experienced poor milking performance and a series of abortions and serological evidence suggested recent hardjo infection. The common source of infection appeared to be infected down calving heifers. PMID- 7210430 TI - Problems in cats caused by flea collars. PMID- 7210432 TI - Campylobacter colitis in gnotobiotic dogs. PMID- 7210431 TI - Horn cancer in an intact bull. PMID- 7210433 TI - Canine parvovirus infection. PMID- 7210434 TI - Mite infestations. PMID- 7210435 TI - Feline lungworm infection. PMID- 7210436 TI - Indole toxicity in cattle. AB - Indole and 3-methylindole (3MI) are ruminal metabolites of L-tryptophan (TRP) and have similar physical and chemical properties. 3-Methylindole causes acute bovine pulmonary emphysema (ABPE). The effects of indole when administered orally to cows were determined. Four mature Holstein cows were given increasing doses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 g indole per kg body-weight orally at two-week intervals. The animals were killed one week after the last dose. Plasma indole concentrations peaked three house after administration at 4.5, 8.8 and 19.8 microgram per ml after the 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 doses, respectively. Detectable concentrations of indole (more than 0.02 microgram per ml) persisted in the plasma from three to 25 hours after dosing. Packed cell volume was decreased (P less than 0.01) at 48 and 72 hours after the 0.2 g per kg dose and at 72 hours after the 0.1 g per kg dose. Plasma haemoglobin was increased (P less than 0.05) at 48 hours after the 0.2 and 0.1 g per kg doses. By 72 hours after the 0.2 g per kg dose, all cows had mild diarrhoea and haemolysis and two of the cows had haemoglobinuria. At necropsy, microscopic lesions of haemoglobinuric nephrosis were seen in all four cows. No lesions of ABPE were found in any of the animals. PMID- 7210437 TI - Foot rot of pigs: the influence of biotin supplementation on foot lesions in sows. AB - A herd of 116 sows with a high frequency of foot lesions and lameness was divided into two groups, A and B. Group B was supplemented with 1160 microgram per day of biotin in pregnancy and 2320 microgram per day in lactation, over a 12-month period. No improvement occurred in the condition of the feet or skin. Gilts introduced as replacements to the herd were allocated alternately to the groups. Those receiving biotin (group B) showed significantly fewer lesions of heel erosion, white-line, heel bruising and "corn", and the severity and number of lesions of the lateral hind claws were also significantly improved. PMID- 7210438 TI - A large Babesia of sheep from North Wales. PMID- 7210439 TI - Endometrial adenocarcinoma in a young rabbit. PMID- 7210440 TI - Wobbler syndrome (cervical stenosis) in a Percheron colt. PMID- 7210441 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica in budgerigars. PMID- 7210443 TI - Wild bird casualties. PMID- 7210444 TI - Ornithosis in poultry workers. PMID- 7210442 TI - QAC poisoning from drinking apparatus. PMID- 7210445 TI - The Veterinary Surgeons Act, 1881. PMID- 7210446 TI - Measurement of daily live-weight gain of piglets at weekly intervals in the investigation of poor growth performance. AB - The weights of 10 litters of pigs were recorded weekly to eight weeks of age and the time required to reach slaughter weight was also recorded in a herd with poor eight-week weaning weights (mean 13.9 kg). The mean rate of daily live weight gain was calculated for weekly periods for the pigs of five litters to eight weeks of age. Significant falls in growth rate were found in the second and sixth weeks of life. The check in the sixth week of life could be associated with weaning and accompanying enteritis but that in the second week could not be definitely associated with any specific disease or management factor. When the group was divided into two on the basis of eight-week weights greater and less than 16.0 kg, animals in the lighter group were found to have significantly lower mean birth weights and lower mean rates of daily live-weight gain from eight weeks to slaughter. Trials in which piglets were given a multivitamin injection at three weeks of age or in which the rations of sows were increased during both pregnancy and lactation showed no significant improvement in eight-week weaning weights. PMID- 7210447 TI - Congenital cardiac anomalies in calves. AB - Seven cases of congenital cardiac anomalies in calves were reviewed from the files of the Ohio Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. The collection of material occurred during a six-month period from June 1977 to January 1978. The major clinical signs were dyspnoea, failure to gain weight and sudden death in young animals. The cardiac defects included two patent ductus arteriosus, two anomalies of the coronary vessels, one persistent truncus arteriosus, one transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery and one ventricular septal defect. PMID- 7210448 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of Johne's disease: a potential source of error. AB - Gastrointestinal tract tissues from cattle with suspected clinical Johne's disease (JD), in which acid-fast bacilli were not identified in mucosal smears, were examined histopathologically. Twenty-two per cent were positive and 4 per cent were suggestive of JD. Failure to identify mycobacteria in mucosal smears appeared to result from the presence of mild, often focal mucosal lesions which contained relatively few bacilli. Ten of the 22 histopathologically positive cases had complement fixation titres for JD but several false-positive titres also occurred. PMID- 7210449 TI - Familial renal disease in samoyed dogs. PMID- 7210450 TI - Distemper vaccine breakdowns. PMID- 7210451 TI - Poultry slaughter. PMID- 7210452 TI - Respiratory symptoms in cats caused by paint fumes. PMID- 7210453 TI - Hormones: advantages outweigh hazards. PMID- 7210454 TI - Another zoonosis? PMID- 7210455 TI - Weather and infectious disease in cattle. AB - The incidence and severity of many diseases of cattle, particularly the endemic enteric and respiratory diseases, appear from clinical impression or epidemiological survey to be associated with particular types of weather. Infectious diseases of cattle (excluding parasitic ones) for which there appears to be a real association between climate, weather and disease are reviewed. Effects of weather on survival and spread of microorganisms, local resistance to infection and systemic resistance to disease are discussed. Factors such as cold, heat, relative humidity and air pollution are considered with particular reference to the aetiology of respiratory diseases. PMID- 7210457 TI - Isolation of virulent Newcastle disease virus from apparently normal ducks in Nigeria. PMID- 7210456 TI - Identification of Treponema hyodysenteriae by a rapid slide agglutination test. AB - A rapid slide agglutination (SA) test was developed to identify the spirochaete Treponema hyodysenteriae, the causative organism of swine dysentery. The specificity of the antiserum was increased by a single absorption with two intestinal spirochaetes. Using this test, it was possible to identify 30 out of 31 spirochaetes which were beta-haemolytic and gave a positive reaction in growth inhibition (GI) tests with T hyodysenteriae antiserum. All except one of these spirochaetes were isolated from herds with a history of swine dysentery or suspected swine dysentery. The majority of the spirochaetes gave a rapid, strongly, positive reaction in the SA test but seven strains, although recognisably positive, reacted more weakly. Of 28 other spirochaetes which were weakly beta-haemolytic and did not react in GI tests with T hyodysenteriae antiserum, 27 were negative in the SA test. The remaining strain was autoagglutinable and thus could not be identified. The indole test correlated less well with the results of SA and GI tests. All 31 strains which were identified as T hyodysenteriae produced indole, but so did nine of the 28 other spirochaetes. The slide agglutination test is a potentially useful method for rapid identification of T hyodysenteriae. PMID- 7210458 TI - Sheep scab. PMID- 7210460 TI - Distemper vaccine breakdowns. PMID- 7210461 TI - Farrowing intervals of sows. PMID- 7210459 TI - Antibiotic risk to bees. PMID- 7210463 TI - Effect of endosulfan of bioelectrical activity of brain in rats. AB - Bioelectrical activity of rat brain was studied after administration of endosulfan (5 mg/kg, ip) for 10 days. The pesticide produced rhythmic bursts of spikes and waves of seizure pattern that started 25-30 minutes after dosing and persisted for 60-minutes. The clonic convulsions were more marked over the head region and were mainly localized in the upper extremities. Histopathologic examination of the liver showed congestion of the central veins and its adjacent sinusoids. Concentration of the compound in brain parallelled the electrical activity. PMID- 7210462 TI - Anaesthesia of birds of prey. PMID- 7210464 TI - A fatal case of lead poisoning due to a retained bullet. PMID- 7210465 TI - N-acetylcysteine adsorption by activated charcoal. AB - N-acetylcysteine was adsorbed by activated charcoal, lending in vitro support to previous clinical of activated charcoal for NAC in biologic fluid was significantly greater than in nonbiologic fluid and has important clinical implications. Although some have advocated lavage to remove activated charcoal prior to the administration of NAC, the avid adsorption of NAC suggested that activated charcoal may not be justifiable for acetaminophen overdosage when NAC therapy is indicated. Studies in humans are required to substantiate the clinical significance of this in vitro adsorption. PMID- 7210466 TI - Vitamin E and paraquat poisoning. AB - Whether vitamin E treatment might have a protective effect in paraquat poisoning was examined in male rats which received single ip paraquat injections in the LD50 dose range (14.8 mg cation/kg body weight). Vitamin E (d, alpha-tocopherol acetate in soybean oil) was administered either 30 minutes after paraquat (923 IU/kg ip) followed by a second injection 24 hours later (462 IU/kg im), or 2 hours before paraquat (1,000 IU/kg im) followed by a second injection 26 hours later (500 IU/kg im). In neither experimental arrangement did the vitamin E therapy alter the acute (7 day) mortality nor reduce the characteristic pathological lung changes observed at death or in 30-day survivors examined by light microscopy when compared with an equal number of non-treated control animals. PMID- 7210467 TI - GC/MS confirmation of cantharidin toxicosis due to ingestion of blister beetles. AB - A GC/MS technique for confirming cantharidin toxicosis in animals due to ingestion of blister beetles is described. PMID- 7210468 TI - Cyanide concentrations in blood after amygdalin (laetrile) administration in rats. AB - Toxic amounts of cyanide are released into the blood of rats following the oral administration of amygdalin (laetrile); cyanide blood concentrations and toxicity are markedly less when amygdalin is given intravenously. Analysis of the time course of cyanogenesis suggests that cyanide could accumulate in blood after repeated oral doses of amygdalin. PMID- 7210469 TI - Urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) excretion in humans and cattle as an index of exposure to lead. AB - Disposable ion-exchange chromatographic columns were used to determine delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA) concentrations in 11 bovine and 184 human urine samples. The mean urinary ALA concentrations in persons working as battery charges, autopainters, automechanics, and urban first-grade pupils were 11.61 +/- 14.23, 6.51 +/- 3.31, 6.48 +/- 3.36, and 5.71 +/- 2.91 micrograms/ml respectively. These values were higher than those found in urine from gasoline station attendants, university students and laboratory assistants, rural adult farmers, and rural first-grade pupils, which were 4.90 +/- 1.95, 4.93 +/- 1.76, 4.40 +/- 1.79 and 4.51 +/- 2.65 micrograms/ml respectively. In cattle (Holstein Friesian/White Fulani cross) the mean urinary ALA concentration was 1.84 +/- 0.04 micron/ml. The data indicates that persons working around automobile, lead batteries and leaded gasoline had elevated ALA concentrations in urine. Rural humans and cattle did not have significant elevations of urinary ALA. PMID- 7210470 TI - Literature reviews of phenolic compounds, IV, o-Phenylphenol. PMID- 7210471 TI - Poisoning of animals in the Los Angeles area with pesticides during 1977. AB - During 1977, there were 289 pesticide exposure incidents involving animals that were handled by the Thomas J. Fleming Memorial Poison Information Center in Los Angeles. Almost all of this service was provided to veterinarians and most of the incidents involved dogs. Cases handled by this center are considered typical for small animal practices in urban areas of California. Ingestion was the major route of exposure. As recently as 10 years ago, arsenic, strychnine, and phosphorus were major causes of such poisonings. During 1977, the n methylcarbamates (27%), anticoagulants (19%), and organo-phosphates (15%) were the major pesticides involved in exposure incidents. Lesser percentages of cases attributed to a specific chemical included: Vacor (5%), metaldehyde (4%), chlorinated hydrocarbons (4%), and arsenicals (4%). A variety of other pesticides, classified as miscellaneous, were also involved in poisonings to a lesser extent. PMID- 7210472 TI - Mutagenicity of a series of benzidine congener based dyes. PMID- 7210474 TI - Online data retrieval in poison control. PMID- 7210475 TI - [Characteristics of the angiographic manifestation of clear-cell cancer of the kidney]. PMID- 7210473 TI - Aloe vera--fact or quackery. PMID- 7210476 TI - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of kidney diseases]. PMID- 7210477 TI - [Clinical use of the Soviet contrast substance, triombrin, in urology]. PMID- 7210478 TI - [Contrast study of the kidneys and duodenum by pneumoretroperitoneum in retroperitoneal tumors]. PMID- 7210479 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of skeletal lesions in lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7210482 TI - [X-ray manifestations of the degenerative and dystrophic process in pseudarthroses of the extremities]. PMID- 7210481 TI - [Circular and spiral tomography in the examination of the lumbar spine]. PMID- 7210483 TI - [Use of arterial occlusion methods in kidney tumors]. PMID- 7210484 TI - [Lymphographic criteria of lymphedema of the extremities in terms of microsurgery]. PMID- 7210480 TI - Manifestation of the proatlas and assimilation of the atlas. PMID- 7210485 TI - [Lymphatic vessels lymph nodes of the lower extremities in the x-ray image (based on external malleolus lymphographic data)]. PMID- 7210486 TI - [Surgical and direct postoperative cholangiography in the surgery of gunshot wounds of the liver (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7210487 TI - [Device for determining the dimensions and depth of occurrence of a pathological focus]. PMID- 7210488 TI - [Overall preparation of prostate cancer patients for radiation therapy]. PMID- 7210489 TI - [Role of densitometry in the objective assessment of the x-ray image in various lung lesions]. PMID- 7210490 TI - [Combined infusion cholecystocholegraphy in postgastrectomy syndrome patients]. PMID- 7210491 TI - [Presence of a sinus conchonasalis in cattle]. AB - It was proved that with 35.7% of the cattle belonging to the breed "Bulgarian Brown" sinus nasalis was observed. It was established starting at the age of one and is connected with the nasal cavity through the dorsal shell sinus. On the basis of these anatomical observations a conclusion was drawn that it was a case of a common sinus conchonasalis, not described so far in anatomy or in clinical practice. PMID- 7210492 TI - [Chemical makeup of the musculature and liver of fattening calves having degenerative osteoarthrosis]. AB - Studies were carried out on the chemical composition of the muscles/m. gracilis, m. longissimus dorsi, caput longum of m. triceps brachii, as well as the muscles of the neck between the 5th and 7th neck vertebrae and livers from 16 spontaneously ill with osteoarthrosis degenerative calves, meant for fattening, of the breed "Bulgarian Brown Cattle." The studies were carried out with regard to the contents of general, extractive and protein nitrogen, ashes, as well as the quantity of the aminoacids tryptophan and hydroxyproline. The contents of adequate and inadequate proteins was determined, as well as the relative nourishing value of the proteins from the samples under investigation. A tendency was accounted for towards a reduction of the nourishing quantitites of the samples studied, taken from the sick calves, as compared with the data about the healthy animals, but this tendency was very slightly pronounced and in most cases was statistically ensured (P greater than 0.05). PMID- 7210493 TI - [Weight and chemical makeup of the liver of geese during fattening]. AB - Experiments were carried out with regard to certain changes in the liver of geese during their fattening period. The observations were made before the fattening of the geese, namely on the 5th , 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 33rd days of the fattening. It was established that during the fattening period the weight of the liver was constantly increasing, especially between the 20th and 25th days. During the fattening their water contents decreased. This tendency was most pronounced after the period of pecking was over. As the process of fattening advanced, the dry substance in the liver increased and the highest increase (by 10.21%) was observed during the interval between the 15th and 20th days. The percentage of the total lipids in the liver increased progressively up to 18.9 times. In the case of unfattened geese the satiated free butyric acids prevailed. In the process of fattening their quantity decreased, whereas that of the unsatiated butyric acids increased. PMID- 7210494 TI - [Blood concentrations of sulfadimidine after the internal use of depot sulfadimezine granules in sheep]. AB - A granular premixed form, called sulphadimesin-depot-granules, was produced, containing 40% of sulphadimine inserted into a hydrophobic matrix of hydrogeneric sunflower oil. After a single internal insertion into sheep by means of a stomach tube or of a bottle on an empty stomach in a dose of 0.5 g/kg t, they caused bacteriostatic concentrations in blood plasma during 78 hours, and in a dose of 1.0 g/kg t--during 96 hours, whereas the sulphadimesin in tablets, applied in a dose of 0.2g/kg t, kept up a therapeutic concentration for 24 hours. The duration of the bacteriostatic level of sulphadimesin after the taking of the granules in a dose of 0.5 g/kg t and after the feeding, was 12 hours; after two treatment with a stomach-tube or of a bottle, on an empty stomach, in an initial dose of 1.0 g/kg t and a following one of 0.5 g/kg t, applied after a period of 96 hours- it was 174 hours. No side phenomena were observed, besides a temporary (for 12-24 h) slight slow-down of belly movements. For a prophylactic treatment of sheep it is recommended that the granules should be applied in the fodder and on an empty stomach, in an initial dose of 1.0 g/kg t, and 72 hours later in a dose of 0.5 g/kg t. For a curative treatment an internal insertion is recommended by means of a stomach-tube or of a bottle, on an empty stomach, in the same doses, at an interval of 96 hours. PMID- 7210495 TI - [Problems in the differential diagnosis of the species Paramphistomum daubneyi Dinnik 1962 and Paramphistomum microbothrium Fischoeder 190]. AB - The taxonomic meaning of the morphological features of helminths is of paramount importance for their differential diagnostics. However, they should not be conceived as absolute, especially wih regard to trematodes such as P. daubneyi and P. microbothrium, similar not only on the basis of their morphological features but also with regard to their ultimate host-receivers as well as their geographical spreading. It is pointed out that for the differentiation of the above two types one has to take into consideration the specificity of their osculant host-receivers. As an osculant host-receiver for P. microbothrium we can consider the mollusks of the type Bullinidae (Bullinus tropicus and others, which are not to be met with in this country), as for P. daubneyi--the mollusks of the type Limnaeidae (mainly Galba truncatula--wide-spread in this country). By virtue of the above-said, it should be adopted that the cattle and the sheep in this country are invaded not by the type P. microbothrium, but by the type P. daubneyi. PMID- 7210496 TI - Coronary arterial lesions in sexually mature non-layers, layers, and roosters. AB - The effects of hereditary hyperlipidemia on coronary artery atherosclerosis were studied in 77 White Leghorn (DeKalb strain) chickens ranging from 4 to 13 months in age. After pubescence, the plasma levels of triglyceride and cholesterol in non-laying hens ranged 2- to 3-fold and 2- to 7-fold higher compared to layers. Serial sectioning revealed that most lesions were found in the proximal portions of both the left and right coronary arteries. Ultrastructurally, lesions in the roosters contained no foam cells, whereas some foam cells and small amounts of stainable lipid were observed in the thickened intima of layers. Half of the non layers had stenotic lesions characterized by many foam cells, necrotic foci, and heavy stromal lipid deposits. Continuous permeation of excess plasma lipids into the arterial wall appeared to be an important factor in the development of coronary lesions. PMID- 7210497 TI - Schonlein-Henoch glomerulonephritis. Characteristic ultrastructural changes in the glomerular basement membrane and localisation of osmiophilic deposits. AB - In glomerulonephritis accompanying the Schonlein-Henoch syndrome (SHS) a characteristic subepithelial basement membrane change is present in 85% of cases. The subepithelial change is a reaction to subepithelial deposits and consists of a garland or dome-like new formation of thin densa lamellae. This change is much more frequent in SHS than in IgA-nephritis or idiopathic glomerulonephritis or any other systemic disease. Furthermore, subepithelial deposits (50% of cases) are nearly as frequent as subendothelial deposits (65%) and more often present than formerly assumed. PMID- 7210498 TI - The ultrastructure of medullary carcinoma of the breast. AB - Three cases of medullary carcinoma complying with strictly defined criteria have been examined by electron microscopy. These carcinomas are characterised by the presence of light and dark tumour cells which exhibit prominent organelles and well-developed Golgi complexes but lack secretory activity. The essential stromal cellular infiltrate of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells contains macrophage-lymphocyte clusters suggesting the existence of an immune response. Also present in the stroma are blood vessels lined by high-endothelial cells of the type said to facilitate lymphocyte migration. It is suggested that light and dark tumour cells with well-developed organelles but absent secretory activity, macrophage-lymphocyte clusters and stromal high-endothelial venules represent specific ultrastructure features of typical medullary carcinoma associated with good prognosis. PMID- 7210499 TI - Malignant lymphoma reference centre -- Hungary, 1978. AB - In the first year of its existence the Malignant Lymphoma Reference Centre in Hungary diagnosed 383 new cases, which may represent about half the cases occurring in this country. The distribution of the cases was as follows: Hodgkin's disease 69 (18%); non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma 290 (75.7%), unclassifiable 12 (3.2%), hairy cell leukaemia 4 (1%), Lennert's lymphoma 8 cases (2.1%). Some features of the distribution of malignant lymphomas are discussed. PMID- 7210500 TI - Primary eosinophilic granuloma of the frontal lobe. AB - The clinical symptoms, pathological findings and surgical treatment of a case of primary frontal lobe eosinophilic granuloma are presented. Initially a frontal mass was detected that clinically seemed like a low-growth tumor. After operation, the histological, cytochemical and ultrastructural studies showed positive acid phosphatase, alpha-naftil-esterase, oil-red and PAS reactions of tumoral cells and the presence of rod-shaped bodies in proliferative histiocytes, all which confirmed the pathological diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma. Other osseous or visceral histiocytosis-X signs were not observed. The patient remains asymptomatic after a postoperative follow-up of 2 years. PMID- 7210501 TI - Hemolytic activity of the envelope glycoproteins of western equine encephalitis virus in reconstitution experiments. PMID- 7210502 TI - Isolation and properties of a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts 412) of an influenza A virus recombinant with a ts lesion in the gene coding for the nonstructural protein. PMID- 7210503 TI - An attenuated mutant of Venezuelan encephalitis virus: biochemical alterations and their genetic association with attenuation. PMID- 7210504 TI - Isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of Venezuelan encephalitis virus. PMID- 7210505 TI - Cell cycle dependence of synthesis of unintegrated viral DNA in mouse cells newly infected with murine leukemia virus. PMID- 7210506 TI - Evidence for functional relatedness of products encoded by the transforming sequences of human adenovirus types 5 and 12. PMID- 7210507 TI - Two populations of virus-specific particles released from feline calicivirus infected cells. PMID- 7210508 TI - A Sindbis virus variant with a cell-determined latent period. PMID- 7210509 TI - Influenza viruses cause hemolysis and fusion of cells. PMID- 7210510 TI - Translation of tick-borne encephalitis virus (flavivirus) genome in vitro: synthesis of two structural polypeptides. PMID- 7210511 TI - Retinal ganglion cells and optic decussation of white cats. PMID- 7210512 TI - Angular selectivity of monocular rivalry: experiment and computer simulation. PMID- 7210513 TI - Optic nerve distention in a cichlid fish. PMID- 7210514 TI - A possible confounding between the orthogonal perceived spatial frequency shift and the vertical-horizontal illusion. PMID- 7210515 TI - Some evidence against Fourier analysis as a function of the receptive fields in cats striate cortex. PMID- 7210516 TI - Infant astigmatism: its disappearance with age. PMID- 7210517 TI - Temporal modulation sensitivity of the blue mechanism: measurements made without chromatic adaptation. PMID- 7210518 TI - Smooth pursuit eye movements in response to unpredictable target waveforms. PMID- 7210519 TI - Phase perception in the high spatial frequency range. PMID- 7210520 TI - The gecko visual pigments: the nitrate effect. PMID- 7210523 TI - A class of catfish amacrine cells responds preferentially to objects which move vertically. PMID- 7210522 TI - Temporal modulation sensitivity of macaque monkeys. PMID- 7210521 TI - Hyperacuity in the detection of absolute and differential displacements of random dot patterns. PMID- 7210524 TI - Visual detection and resolution as a function of retinal locus. PMID- 7210525 TI - The effect of wavelength on binocular summation. PMID- 7210526 TI - Increment threshold and detection latency in the rod and cone systems. PMID- 7210527 TI - Additivity of opponent chromatic valence. PMID- 7210529 TI - Average length of stay in short-stay hospitals: demographic, diagnostic, and surgical statistics. United States, 1977. PMID- 7210528 TI - Vital registration systems in five developing countries: Honduras, Mexico, Philippines, Thailand, and Jamaica. PMID- 7210530 TI - [Risk factors for ischemic heart disease in a sample of the male population of Bratislava]. PMID- 7210531 TI - [Differential diagnosis of splenomegaly using heat-damaged and radioactively labeled erythrocytes using cybernetic pattern recognition]. PMID- 7210532 TI - [Capillary circulation and lymphatic drainage in the limbs in acute venous thrombosis and post-thrombotic syndrome]. PMID- 7210533 TI - [Effect of pectin and ascorbic acid on glucose tolerance and levels of serum lipids]. PMID- 7210534 TI - [Variant angina pectoris]. PMID- 7210535 TI - [Indications for direct myocardial revascularization in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7210536 TI - [The concept of internal medicine--balance and additional programs]. PMID- 7210537 TI - [Long term prognosis of pulmonary hypertension in silicosis]. PMID- 7210538 TI - [Uricemia in long term dialysis]. PMID- 7210539 TI - [Clinical picture and differential diagnosis of renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7210540 TI - [Hemodynamics of arteriovenous shunts in chronic renal insufficiency during the course of 1 year]. PMID- 7210541 TI - [Acute non-typical and prolonged non-toxic hepatitis in the department of internal medicine]. PMID- 7210542 TI - [Familial renal tubular acidosis]. PMID- 7210543 TI - [Functional renal failure in liver cirrhosis with ascites]. PMID- 7210544 TI - [The importance of kinesitherapy in ischemic disease of the lower limbs in patients with familial hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 7210545 TI - [The effect of maximal work on the level of circulating catecholamines in atopic asthma]. PMID- 7210546 TI - [Functional activity in the aged person during physical exercise]. PMID- 7210547 TI - [Calcium carbonate poisoning]. PMID- 7210548 TI - [Communists in the vanguard of socialist competition]. PMID- 7210549 TI - [Raising the qualifications of military physicians]. PMID- 7210550 TI - [Development of the teacher in the military department of a medical institute]. PMID- 7210552 TI - [March fractures in servicemen]. PMID- 7210551 TI - [Use of a television system in the academic process]. PMID- 7210553 TI - [Combined anesthesia in minor proctological operations]. PMID- 7210554 TI - [Main results of military medical service activities in the 10th 5-Year Plan and tasks for further improving the medical support of the Army and Navy]. PMID- 7210555 TI - [Network planning of the resuscitation process in ventricular fibrillation in an intensive care unit]. PMID- 7210556 TI - [Importance of a bacteriological study of arterial blood in diagnosing bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 7210557 TI - [Effect of treatment on the immunological indices in psoriasis]. PMID- 7210558 TI - [Health and hygiene assessment of radiation factors in the therapeutic use of radon baths]. PMID- 7210559 TI - [Permissible values for the rate of change in barometric pressure]. PMID- 7210560 TI - [Prevention of an increase in body weight in pilots]. PMID- 7210561 TI - [Nonspecific immunobiological body reactivity indices of ship specialists]. PMID- 7210562 TI - [Predicting the volume of endoscopic studies]. PMID- 7210563 TI - [Cryotherapy in the overall treatment of herpetic keratitis]. PMID- 7210564 TI - [Effectiveness of treatment of lumbosacral radiculitis at a sanatorium]. PMID- 7210565 TI - [Physician's procedure in treating acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7210566 TI - [composition of anti-inflammatory eyedrops]. PMID- 7210567 TI - [Overtime work in military medical institutions]. PMID- 7210568 TI - [Saturation dives to 100 meters with excursion dives in the open ocean of up to 120 meters. 1. Diving profile, experimental conditions and physiological parameters]. PMID- 7210569 TI - [Saturation dives to 100 meters with excursion dives in the open ocean of up to 120 meters. 2. Hematologic parameters and urine analysis]. PMID- 7210570 TI - [Saturation dives to 100 meters with excursion dives in the open ocean of up to 120 meters. 3. Biochemical parameters in the blood]. PMID- 7210571 TI - [Saturation dives to 100 meters with excursion dives in the open ocean of up to 120 meters. 4. Diuresis, excretion of corticosteroids and catecholamines in the urine]. PMID- 7210572 TI - [Saturation dives to 100 meters with excursion dives in the open ocean of up to 120 meters. 5. Characteristics of microflora in the habitat for saturation diving]. PMID- 7210573 TI - [Sea sickness]. PMID- 7210574 TI - [Exposure to ionizing radiation of personnel during catheterization angiography]. PMID- 7210576 TI - [Study of noise and vibration in the Navy's river ships]. PMID- 7210575 TI - [Bacteriological contamination of seawater and molluscs in some beach areas in the region of Split]. PMID- 7210577 TI - [Use and efficacy of insecticidal lacquers in the disinfection of Naval ships]. PMID- 7210578 TI - [Barotraumatic air embolism complicated by pneumopericardium]. PMID- 7210579 TI - [Epidemiology, prevention and treatment of gas gangrene]. PMID- 7210580 TI - [Medical equipment and improvisation in hospitals in temporarily occupied territories]. PMID- 7210581 TI - [Chronic active viral hepatitis-problems of diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7210582 TI - [Coarctation of the aorta - a survey of 415 operated patients]. PMID- 7210583 TI - [Validity of the Radonja reagent test for the determination of cholesterol]. PMID- 7210584 TI - [Metrizamide - a modern nonionizing contrast medium. Diagnostics of the central nervous system with emphasis on myeloradiculography]. PMID- 7210585 TI - [Treatment of acute allergic states with Urbason]. PMID- 7210586 TI - [Fibrinogen values in the development of active inflammatory diseases of the intestines]. PMID- 7210587 TI - [Hemodynamics in chronic kidney insufficiency. A study of hemodynamics using the modified Starr method in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7210588 TI - [Efficiency of induced vomiting in the removal of swallowed poisons]. PMID- 7210589 TI - [Modern concepts in the determination of stages and treatments of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 7210590 TI - [Traumatic dislocation of the knee]. PMID- 7210592 TI - [Gastric mucosal mast cells and precancerous states]. AB - Mast cells of the gastric mucous membrane were assayed in 30 gastric cancer patients and in 190 patients with pretumor lesions of the stomach. For the control 208 patients were taken with functional gastric disturbances, chronic gastroduodenitis, of hypersthenic type, ulcerous disease of the duodenum and 30 practically healthy persons. It was stated that the development of chronic atrophic gastritis with the mucous membrane degeneration of intestinal type, a tendency to malignization of callous and persistently unhealed ulcers are preceded by degradation of mast cells, manifested in their reduction, considerable "rejuvenescence" and practically complete disappearance of mucopolysaccharide saturated mast cells. Analogous changes in mast cells were revealed in the mucous membrane of gastric cancer patients. It is suggested to use the morphometric criteria of mast cells as the criteria of pretumor lesions. PMID- 7210593 TI - [Malignant neoplasm morbidity dynamics over a 20-year period (1958-1977) and the prognosis for its rate in the Ukrainian SSR to 1990]. PMID- 7210591 TI - [Ultrasonics in the diagnosis of biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7210594 TI - [Sensitization study of oncological patients to bacterial allergens with the aid of the leukocyte migration inhibition reaction]. AB - The results of studying sensitization of 88 patients with cancer (larynx, esophagus, ovaries) to 7 bacterial allergens (pathogenic and nonpathogenic staphylococcus, hemolytic streptococcus, catarrhal diplococcus, Proteus, Escherichia coli and blue pus bacilli) are reported. These bacilli are most frequently the cause of development of postoperative suppurations. The studies performed (before, during and after the combined therapy) indicated by leucocyte migration inhibition test that during the disease ad therapeutic course there occurs nonspecific sensitization of leucocytes to bacterial allergens which gradually disappears following termination of the therapy. Postoperatively, the sensitization offers grounds for the development of suppurative complications, the latter is associated with the enhanced inhibition of leucocytes migration by an allergen of that microbial species which caused the development of suppurative complications. Therefore, this test with a set of bacterial allergens may be used as a diagnostic adjunct early reveal the postoperative suppurations. PMID- 7210595 TI - [Age criteria assessment of the relation of oncological mortality to working condition exposure]. AB - The ratio of indices of the mortality due to neoplasms within a cohort of workers exposed to carcinogenic industrial effects to those among the nearby population is not infrequently increased with age. However, in such cases an average age of the subjects died from cancer among this cohort may prove to be less than in the other population. This fact frequently leads to an erroneous conclusion of the so called "young cancer" as a sign of its occupational character. The error results from the reasonable differences in age of industrial workers and general population not being taken into account. The method for calculating a "standardized" average age of died persons is suggested. PMID- 7210596 TI - [Clonogenic capacity of proliferating and resting populations of NKLy/LL tumor cells]. AB - On tumor NKLy/LL the author have studied the efficiency of cloning, the fraction of proliferating and resting cells and the rate of DNA synthesis in peripheral and central tumor sites. It was shown that the more far from the periphery the less fraction of labelled cells and the rate of DNA synthesis but the greater are differences in the content of proliferating cells in some sites. The efficiency of cloning in peripheral and central tumor sites does not differ, the fraction of clonogenic cells being larger than that of proliferating ones. Following persistent administration of 3H-thymidine in animals, it was found that the number of colonies produced by proliferating cells is considerably less than the general efficiency of cloning. It is concluded that resting cells can divide infinitely and are clonogenic ones. PMID- 7210597 TI - [Effect of nucleophilic compounds on sarcolysine-3H and DMNA-14C binding with DNA]. AB - The authors have studied the effect of adenine, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine and cysteine on sarcolysine-3H binding to DNA in vivo (rat liver) an in vitro and DMNA-14C binding in vivo. It was shown that among the compounds under test adenine, adenosine and guanosine rendered a marked protective effect with relation to DNA alkylation, which is likely to be due to their nucleophilic properties. PMID- 7210599 TI - [10 years' experience of the activities of the WHO International Cooperative Center for Clinical Study of Ovarian Tumors]. AB - The data are reported on the many-year activities of the WHO Collaborating Centre on clinical study of ovarian cancer with regard to international cooperation of 10 countries. The organization, main trends and extent of the work performed are referred to, which made it possible to give an idea of the state of diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer in the world and enriched the experience of scientific cooperation in this field. PMID- 7210598 TI - [Inhibiting effect of phenformin (phenethyl biguanide) on the growth of Ehrlich carcinoma]. AB - Phenformin was shown to inhibit the rate of the Ehrlich carcinoma cell growth both in solid and ascitic forms of the tumor. The effect of phenformin on the tumor was eliminated by a diet containing high level of fats. The supernatant from the 18-hour culture of splenic cells, obtained from carcinoma-bearing mice treated by phenformin, inhibited phagocytosis of normal macrophages to a less extent compared with tumor-bearing mice which were not given phenformin. A peritoneal exudate from these mice was less effective in suppressing normal macrophages adhesiveness compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice. PMID- 7210600 TI - [Possibilities for the early detection of lung cancer recurrences and metastases]. AB - The results of surgical treatment in 260 lung cancer patients are analysed. The purposeful dynamic examination of patients by modern technics enabled a recognition of progressive tumor growth in 112 of 137 patients (81,75%) during the first 18 months after the operation. To reveal subclinical recurrences and metastases in the chest organs roentgenological and bronchological methods, positive 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy seem to be preferable. In skeletal involvement scanning findings are mostly indicative in this respect. Scanning of the organs in operable patients as a mandatory investigation is unlikely to be rational. PMID- 7210601 TI - [Characteristics of gastric lymph outflow in the presence of an adhesive process]. AB - Under study were some regularities in the formation of gastric adhesions lymph vessels taking into account the pretumor background lesions and age. The study was undertaken on 103 complexes of abdominal organs from person died at the age of 50-94 and from 74 patients operated upon for cancer arising from ulcers and due to chronic gastritis. In cancers caused by ulcers gastric adhesions with adjacent organs were found to be well developed, these occurred prior to ulcer malignant transformation and had an extensive network of lymph vessels being the routes for proliferation of neoplastic cells beyond the boundaries of the organ under unfavourable conditions of their growth in gastric walls due to the presence of scarring tissue in the periphery of ulcer. In cancers arising due to chronic gastritis adhesions would develop at late stages of the disease as a compensatory mechanism in significantly impaired lymphodynamics by the lesion. These were of no practical importance for tumor metastasizing, since a submucous gastric layer, loose and rich in lymph vessels, contributed to prompt tumor invasion of the stomach walls. In aged and senile patients a considerable deformation and reduction of lymph vessels in adhesions and in the stomach walls do not contribute to rapid growth and proliferation of a neoplasm. PMID- 7210602 TI - [Transfer factor immunotherapy of oncological patients]. PMID- 7210603 TI - [Late occurrence of skin cancer at the site of a former hemangioma after short focus x-ray therapy]. PMID- 7210604 TI - Monoclonal anti-A from a hybrid-myeloma: evaluating as a blood grouping reagent. AB - A monoclonal anti-A antibody has been evaluated and found suitable for use as a potent routine ABO grouping reagent, without the use of additives. The IgM anti-A (MH2/6D4) is secreted into the tissue culture supernatant by a permanent line of cloned cells derived by fusion of anti-A producing spleen cells and a mouse myeloma cell line. This is a cost-effective reagent which should reduce production costs by over 50%. This reagent has the advantages inherent in monoclonal antibodies among them the availability of unlimited quantities of unvarying antibody of known properties. PMID- 7210606 TI - Which are the principal established or potential risks for donors undergoing cytapheresis procedures and how can they be prevented? PMID- 7210605 TI - Turtledove: a new source of P1-like material cross-reacting with the human erythrocyte antigen. AB - An antigen cross-reacting with the human blood group P1 has been discovered in turtledove's blood an egg-white. In egg-white, this P1 antigenicity is carried by a glycoprotein called ovomucoid, which is particularly rich in galactose residues and which has been successfully used to produce specific anti-P1 antibodies in rabbits. PMID- 7210607 TI - An H-deficient blood with normal H transferase levels. AB - An H-deficient blood is described which, unlike other H-deficient, Bombay and para-Bombay bloods, has normal H transferase levels. In previous examples of Bombay and para-Bombay phenotypes the absence of H transferase has explained the lack of H substrate and therefore the weak A and B antigens which are characteristic of these phenotypes. This explanation obviously does not hold in the case described here and it is proposed that the biochemical block must be further back, either in the enzymes synthesising the oligosaccharide chains or in those making the GDP-fucose substrate for the H and the Le gene-specified fucosyltransferases. Inhibition of the synthesis of Leb substance, as well as H substance, although the saliva of the propositus contains the Le gene-specified transferase, supports this proposition. PMID- 7210608 TI - Preservation of human erythrocytes in the liquid state: biological results with a new medium. AB - Red blood cells (RBC) were collected with citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) in a blood-pack optimal additive system. After concentration to 90% hematocrit they were diluted with saline-adenine-glucose medium (SAG-RBC), and stored for 35 days. In this work the RBC were stored in the presence of leukocytes. The SAG medium allows RBC conservation during 35 days at +4 degrees C. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level of RBC is compatible with their survival. During the first 2 weeks, hemolysis of SAG-RBC was not greater than in CPD blood. Nevertheless, hemolysis reached 1.49% on day 35, and there was a marked increase in RBC osmotic fragility. Scanning electron-microscopic studies of 35-day RBC showed that the majority of them became echinocytes. After incubation in fresh frozen plasma, the RBC recovered satisfactory osmotic resistance and normal disc shape. The post-transfusion viability was normal with greater than 70% recovery after 48 h. The in vivo restoration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) was rapid in the transfused SAG-RBC, 50% of the initial 2,3-DPG level being restored in 1 h. The in vivo studies proved that the functional quality of these RBC was compatible with their use in transfusion. The most important problem concerns the supernatant hemoglobin level of the SAG-RBC to be used for massive transfusion. PMID- 7210609 TI - A glucose-dependent panhemagglutinin. AB - An agglutinin was identified in the serum of a non-transfused primiparous patient that reacted with all commercial red blood cells regardless of their antigenic makeup. The autologous control was negative. The agglutinin was directed against human red blood cells that had been incubated in media containing glucose and washed prior to testing. Red blood cells incubated in 2% glucose solution became agglutinable after 6 days of 4 degrees C or after 2 h at 37 degrees C. These red blood cells gradually became non-reactive when washed and incubated in saline at 37 or 4 degrees C. At 22 degrees C the titer of the agglutinin was 128 (score 64) in LISS and 64 (score 56) in saline. The agglutinin was denatured by 2 mercaptoethanol, but remained active after 30 min of heating at 56 degrees C. Among various mono- and disaccharides tested, glucose was the only sugar that selectively inhibited the reaction. The presence of such an agglutinin may cause confusion in a transfusion service laboratory by mimicking an antibody directed against a high incidence antigen. PMID- 7210610 TI - Recurrent hepatitis caused by two viruses acquired simultaneously during blood transfusion. AB - We here report 2 patients who have acquired two consecutive episodes each of acute hepatitis, within 6 months after blood transfusion. The clinical and biochemical course was typical of recurrent acute viral hepatitis, and the patients recovered completely after each episode. The first infection was probably caused by non-A, non-B hepatitis virus, whereas the second episode was caused by hepatitis B-virus. Thus, in addition to the absence of cross-immunity between hepatotrophic viruses, one may simultaneously acquire more than one virus without apparent interference. PMID- 7210611 TI - A method for the automated screening for hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - A reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA-G) technique for the automated screening of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on the Groupamatic 360 (Kontron International, Zurich, Switzerland) has been developed. It is more sensitive than manual RPHA (RPHA-M) and nearly as sensitive as radioimmunoassay (RIA); it detects 6 ng/ml of HBsAg, compared to 3 ng/ml by RIA and 25 ng/ml by RPHA-M. Although it is slightly inferior to the other two methods in respect of specificity, the incidence of false-positive reactions was only 0.34%. The test can also be performed manually without the Groupamatic. PMID- 7210612 TI - An example of auto-anti-A1 agglutinins. AB - The serum of an elderly man, group A, Le(a+b-), contained an IgM antibody that agglutinated his own cells and the cells of random group A1 donors. Over a period of 5 months, the titre of these auto-anti-A1 agglutinins was 4 at 22 degrees C. PMID- 7210613 TI - Which are the parameters to be controlled in red cell products (whole blood, red cell concentrates, washed red cells, leucocyte poor red cell concentrates, frozen red cells) in order that they may be offered to the medical profession as standardised products with specified properties? PMID- 7210614 TI - [Dumping syndrome and the state of carbohydrate tolerance]. PMID- 7210615 TI - [Treatment of lumbosacral radiculitis with radon baths combined with other physiotherapeutic methods]. PMID- 7210616 TI - [Current hygienic problems of protection and utilization of the coast zone of the Black and Azov Seas for health purposes]. PMID- 7210617 TI - [Work capacity of healthy tube-rolling mill operators and those with chronic gastritis]. PMID- 7210618 TI - [Standardization of the values of local loads on the musculoskeletal system]. PMID- 7210619 TI - [Various problems of communicable disease control in the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 7210620 TI - [Personality characteristics of a physician]. PMID- 7210621 TI - [Activities of the gastroenterological department of a polyclinic]. PMID- 7210622 TI - [Complex treatment of hepatic insufficiency by hemosorption]. PMID- 7210623 TI - [Oxygen-transport function of the blood in chronic inflammatory biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7210624 TI - [Familial form of hepatic porphyria]. PMID- 7210625 TI - [Effect of nerobol and splenin on liver function in experimental thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7210626 TI - [Method of photoelectric recording of the duodenokinesiograms]. PMID- 7210627 TI - [Heparin in complex treatment of diabetic angiopathies]. PMID- 7210628 TI - [Case of hyperhydropexic syndrome]. PMID- 7210629 TI - [Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid content in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7210630 TI - [Indicators of lipid metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7210632 TI - [Ambulatory care of patients with a history of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7210631 TI - [Effect of various hormones and indomethacin on nonspecific protective factors of the leukocytes in pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7210633 TI - [Selection of the method of treatment of patients with lung hypoplasia]. PMID- 7210634 TI - [Glutathione peroxidase inhibitory activity of blood in physiological aging and complicated atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7210635 TI - [Case of idiopathic cold agglutinin disease]. PMID- 7210636 TI - [Characteristics of regional hemodynamics of the liver and kidneys in obliterative endarteritis]. PMID- 7210638 TI - [Electroimpulse therapy of auricular fibrillation]. PMID- 7210637 TI - [Electrocardiographic leads and their significance in topical diagnosis of focal myocardial changes]. PMID- 7210639 TI - [Effect of vitamin B 12 on the blood serum enzyme activity in experimental myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7210640 TI - [Case of high ventricular automatism in complete atrioventricular block in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7210642 TI - [Characteristics of the course of Fiedler's myocarditis]. PMID- 7210641 TI - [Anabolic steroids and sirepar in the treatment of ischemic heart disease with circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 7210643 TI - [Changes in various indicators of humoral immunity in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7210644 TI - [Changes of skin electric potentials in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7210645 TI - [Role of changes in the sterine-fibrinogen complexes in the development of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7210647 TI - [Intradermal adrenaline test for detection of local latent skin edema of varying degree]. PMID- 7210646 TI - [Renal excretion of electrolytes, water and digoxin before and after correction of mitral valve defects]. PMID- 7210648 TI - [Characteristics of clinical symptoms of spinal cord meningiomas]. PMID- 7210649 TI - [Hamman-Rich syndrome]. AB - The clinical picture and pathologoanatomical changes of one case with Hamman- Rich syndrome are described, with the diagnosis made while still living of a middle aged woman, textile worker with a subchronic course of the disease. The role of the organic textile dust is admitted to be the triggering factor for the development of the disease according to the mechanism of autoallergization. PMID- 7210650 TI - [Hemodynamic study of postinfarct left ventricular aneurysm]. AB - With a view to the determination of the effect of the size and localization of cardiac aneurysm upon left-ventricular function and the indications for surgical treatment--35 patients with aneurysms of anterior and posterior walls were complexly examined--hemodynamically, angiocardiographically and coronarographically. A method was applied for the determination of the area of anterior aneurysms. The hemodynamics and cardiac functions were established to be pathologically changed in cardiac aneurysm with an area over 25% of the ventricular surface, with a quickly growing risk for surgical treatment with a surface over 60%. The gravest changes were established in case of anterior aneurysms. The possibilities of faults are discussed as well as of the limited significance of the generally accepted parameters of left ventricular function- end diastolic pressure, end diastolic volume, expulsion fraction and the mean velocity of circumferential contraction along the equatorial plane--in the patients with cardiac aneurysm. The high significance of the changes in the local kinetics is confirmed (percentage contraction of the three main axes and their six semi-axes), both for the residual myocardium and aneurysm. Critical values for the parameters applied are proposed, when the surgical treatment is contraindicated or is with a high risk. PMID- 7210651 TI - [Clinical diagnostic problems in myxoma of the left atrium]. AB - The difficulties in the diagnosis of left auricle myxoma are discussed, proceeding from seven patients, observed by the authors. In two of them the diagnosis was confirmed by EchoCG and intracardial investigation (left atriography), in three--it was realized by exploratory thoracotomy, and in one of them proceeded directly into operation with extracorporal circulation (ECC), the second was radically operated (with ECC) after one month and the third died during operation due to acute obturation of mitral ostium by an extremely big myxoma; the other two patients were also successfully operated, the diagnosis being preoperatively made. Two patients died of cardiac failure, their diagnosis made at necropsy. The atypical and fast development of a mitral defect, progressing cardiac decompensation unsusceptible to treatment, are stressed to have a diagnostic significance in myxoma of left auricle as well as the effect of body position upon the morbid symptoms, discrepancy between the size of the left auricle and the type and stage of the manifested valvular disease, corresponding to the ECG manifestation of the same in the juxtaposition with the manifestation of the ventricular hypertrophy, etc. EchoCG examination and the left (contrast) atriography are of a high diagnostic value. PMID- 7210652 TI - [Comparative evaluation between the impedance method and the Fick method for determining cardiac minute volume]. AB - The authors determined the minute heart volume, according to Fick method with right cardiac catheterization of 20 healthy youths. With the comparison of the results obtained, the differences were within the limits of +/- 10, and in almost half of the examined-- +/- 5%. The relatively small discrepancies in the values obtained, suggest that the impedence-method proves to be a reliable method for bloodless determination of minute heart volume. PMID- 7210653 TI - [Treatment of congestive heart failure with cardiac glycosides. I. New theses in the principles of treatment]. PMID- 7210654 TI - ["Isolates" in an area of Balkan endemic nephropathy in Bulgaria]. AB - Up to the time of World War II in some Bulgarian villages and in those with Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) including, conditions existed for isolates. Marriages from those settlements were with partners from the same or neighbouring endemic villages. As an illustration the highly endemic village B. Izvor (Vraza district) is cited where 505 marriages were registered for the time 1900-1945. In 93.6% of those marriages the second partner came from endemic regions as well. The conditions of isolates favoured the drift of gene for BEN. Two genetically isolated ethnic groups were differentiated in the endemic foci: Bulgarians and Gypsies, living under the same conditions of the endemic environment, but only Bulgarians were affected. Conclusions are drawn in favour of the genetic hypothesis in the etiology of BEN. PMID- 7210655 TI - [Vascular impression in the renal calices and pyelonephritis (Fraley syndrome)]. AB - In the clinical roentgenological investigation of 46 patients with Fraley syndrome, it was stressed that the syndrome is evolutive, with clinical significance and often combined with pyelonephritis. It was underlined that in case of that syndrome, complex clinical, laboratory, X-ray and radio-isotope investigations are necessary for the precision of the diagnosis and the therapeutic behaviour. PMID- 7210656 TI - [Our experience with the dialysis treatment of phalloides fungal poisoning]. AB - The authors present their practical experience in the treatment of phalloid fungal intoxication via dialysis methods of treatment, included within the complete therapeutic system of that kind exogenous intoxication. The peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis, with consideration given to the patient's state, enables the reduction of the extremely high lethality. Their early application guarantees higher effectiveness of the dialysis methods of treatment. PMID- 7210657 TI - [Clinical, morphological, cytochemical and ultrastructural studies of a female patient with basophilic leukemia]. AB - The morphological, cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of basophilic cells in patients with chronic myeloleukosis were studied. The basophilic elements, dynamically followed up, from all phases of maturation, represented from 48 to 83 per cent of the cellular population in the peripheral blood and marrow. The cytochemical and ultrastructural investigations confirmed their belonging to the basophilic line. Certain changes were found, being an evidence of disorders in the maturation and metabolism of the cells. The high basophilic index, combined with a low neurophilic one, suggest the participation of the basophilic line in the leukosis process. On the base of the results obtained, the conception of the existence of basophilic leukosis is admitted. PMID- 7210658 TI - Myocardial infarction: a five-year follow-up of patients. AB - Patients with acute myocardial infarction (2,020) admitted to coronary care units (CCU) in Utah were studied for five years. Of these, 1,641 (81.4 percent) survived to leave the hospital. The male to female ratio was 3.5:1. At four months, one year and yearly thereafter from the date of admission to CCU, patients were mailed follow-up questionnaires. Cause of death was obtained from autopsy reports and death certificates. Patients were grouped yearly by the number of cardiac symptoms reported. Of patients discharged whose cases were followed, 925 (61.9 percent) were alive after five years. Reinfarction was the major cause of death in the hospital; however, during follow-up only 36.8 percent of deaths were attributable to myocardial infarction. At follow-up after a year, fewer cardiac symptoms were reported by patients who survived to the fifth year of follow-up than by patients who did not. Women were older and showed a higher death rate during follow-up. Increasing age was found to be a determining factor in long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7210659 TI - Bleeding after liver biopsy. AB - During nine years 3,080 liver biopsies were carried out and bleeding occurred in 22 of the patients (0.7 percent). Transfusions were given to 17 of these patients and laparotomies were done to control the bleeding in six. All survived. Bleeding was evident within three hours in 19 patients, but occurred from 3 to 13 days after biopsy in the remaining three. Pain requiring analgesic medication and a fall in blood pressure were the usual indications that major bleeding had occurred. Relative contraindications to biopsy (particularly a prolonged prothrombin time) were present in 10 of the 22 bleeding patients and in only 2 of the 41 nonbleeding controls (P<0.001). We believe that some of the bleeding episodes could have been prevented with more careful attention to the indications and contraindications to biopsy, and more rigorous correction of recognized clotting abnormalities. PMID- 7210660 TI - Jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly and liver failure in a 60-year-old woman. PMID- 7210661 TI - The role of dietary fat and cholesterol in atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 7210662 TI - Prognosis after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7210663 TI - It's not just how low you make it, but how you make it low. PMID- 7210664 TI - Diabetes mellitus and orthostatic hypotension resulting from ingestion of Vacor rat poison: endocrine and autonomic function studies. PMID- 7210665 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 7210666 TI - Acquired methemoglobinemia. AB - Cases of acquired methemoglobinemia have been identified with increasing frequency in Los Angeles during the last several years. Among 18 patients, both infants and adults, the most commonly incriminated agent was silver nitrate used for topical antibacterial prophylaxis of burn wounds. One burned child died from overwhelming septicemia complicated by hypoxia with a methemoglobin level of 5.4 grams per dl. Other causative factors included nitrate-rich vegetables used in early infancy, additives in ethnic foods, and prescribed and overdosed drugs. Discontinuation of the precipitating agent and methylene blue therapy were usually followed by prompt improvement. In burned patients treated with silver nitrate, careful regular monitoring of serum methemoglobin levels and early initiation of specific therapy are mandatory. PMID- 7210667 TI - Pericardial effusion in association with giant cell arteritis. PMID- 7210668 TI - Magnesium-it's about time. PMID- 7210669 TI - Protection against loss of bone and fracture in postmenopausal women. PMID- 7210670 TI - Obstetrics and gynecology: considerations in career selection. AB - Current training programs in obstetrics and gynecology are not producing an excess of specialists in view of future manpower needs. In addition to being specialists and consultants, obstetrician-gynecologists also function as providers of primary care for women. During the last decade, three formal sub specialties of obstetrics and gynecology have evolved: gynecologic oncology, maternal-fetal medicine and reproductive endocrinology. These have improved patient care and have altered the structure of resident education. With more American medical school graduates entering this specialty, the quality of resident applicants has improved, creating intense competition for desirable training positions. Those inclined toward a career in obstetrics and gynecology can be assured that it will provide an increasingly favorable and challenging environment for professional activity in the future. PMID- 7210671 TI - Neurosyphilis: an update. PMID- 7210673 TI - [Pneumonia and renal damage]. PMID- 7210672 TI - [Blood lipids in different forms of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7210674 TI - [Activity of acid phosphatase in the lymphocytes of workers exposed to organic solvents containing benzene and its homologues]. PMID- 7210675 TI - [Cytogenetic evaluation of first trimester pregnancy]. PMID- 7210677 TI - [Unusually long survival of a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma after cobalt treatment]. PMID- 7210678 TI - [Extensive duodenal injuries with rupture of the pancreatic head after blunt abdominal trauma]. PMID- 7210676 TI - [Clinical problems of uterine rupture in pregnancy and labor]. PMID- 7210679 TI - [Observations on the use of catergen (Zyma) in the treatment of hepatic coma]. PMID- 7210681 TI - [Radiometry of the length of the lower limbs in Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 7210680 TI - [Intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder caused by blunt injury (kick) in the vulva area]. PMID- 7210682 TI - [Functional capacity of the cardiovascular system in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7210683 TI - [Topically applied thiabendazole in the treatment of creeping eruption (cutaneous helminthiasis) (author's transl)]. AB - Two patients with creeping eruption (cutaneous helminthiasis) on the feet contracted during a vacation in Ceylon were treated successfully by topical application of thiabendazole 50% in a paste destined for oral use in veterinary medicine. The preparation was applied once daily under occlusive dressings. There was no skin irritation. Prompt healing occurred after 3 and 6 days respectively. Because systemic thiabendazole therapy is frequently associated with toxic side effects, topical application seems to be the treatment of choice for creeping eruption caused by nematodes. PMID- 7210684 TI - [Pathology, diagnosis and treatment of uroepithelial tumours of the urinary tract (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 38 patients with uroepithelial tumours of the urinary tract treated between 1969 and 1977. In 38% of the cases multiple tumours were found. The clinical parameters and diagnostic problems are discussed by means of case reports, pathology and possibilities of treatment are discussed on the basis of the own cases and the literature. In order to achieve the most favourable prognosis in this type of malignant tumour it will be necessary to be more radical in treatment and more intensive in controls after treatment and to subject the high risk groups more frequent check-ups. PMID- 7210685 TI - [Combined narcotic and hydrochloric acid poisoning with subsequent pyloric stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - Reported on an oral hydrochloric acid erosion in addition to an intoxication with a narcotic drug. The patient recovered very quickly from the narcotic drug intoxication but developed pyloric obstruction within a few weeks. Only a Billroth II operation was able to restore a sufficient gastrointestinal function. PMID- 7210686 TI - [Work load and cardiovascular damages]. PMID- 7210687 TI - [The physician's obligation to tell the truth]. PMID- 7210688 TI - [Differentiation of primary acute and primary chronic interstitial nephritis according to etiological aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210689 TI - [Pneumological findings in workers of chemistry and steel industry (author's transl)]. AB - The pneumological examination of workers of the chemistry and steel industry revealed evident bronchopulmonary findings. The clinical and also the bronchoscopic findings are uncharacteristic. Chest X-ray shows interstitial and alveolar involvement, but in some cases it is normal. Lung function tests are valuable for early diagnosis, especially if both targets of the inhalative irritants, bronchus and alveolus, are respected. The essential loss of function concerns the gaseous interchange caused by bioptically demonstrated persisting, pneumoconiotic fibrosis. As a consequence of this findings in respect to diagnosis there has to be a more critical interpretation of chest X-ray, lung function tests including gaseous interchange analysis, perhaps also biopsy for correct interpretation of uncharacteristic complaints in the case of exposition, and finally also widening of the examinations in cooperation with the industry. PMID- 7210690 TI - [Administration of anxiolit retard before strumectomy (author's transl)]. AB - With the aid of v. Zerssen's emotional scores the emotional condition of patients with toxic or cold thyroid adenomas was tested before operation with and without administration of oxazepam (Anxiolit retard). There was a significant improvement of the general condition not only in patients with toxic adenoma but also in patients with cold adenoma. Thus the preoperative application of Oxazepam is indicated before strumectomy to avoid stress symptoms and anxiety fits. PMID- 7210691 TI - Evaluation of outcomes of non-nurse midwives: matched comparisons with physicians. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the practice of a group of non-nurse midwives by comparing the outcomes of their deliveries to the standard of hospital-based physicians. This was done by means of a matching procedure designed to equate the populations on major medical risk factors. The first phase of the study used all physicians and found major differences favoring the midwives. The second phase of the study used the least interventionist half of the physician group and found minimal differences between midwives at home and physicians in the hospital. It is suggested that excessive intervention is not without risk regardless of who does it. PMID- 7210692 TI - Why not an independent practice for dental hygienists? AB - This article examines the universal legal requirement that dental hygienists work under the control of dentists and forbids independent hygienist-patient relationships. The scientific evidence supporting the repeal of this requirement as well as benefits from doing so are reviewed. Resistance to such a move is identified and evaluated concluding that repeal of this prohibition is indicated. PMID- 7210693 TI - The HMO--caveat emptor? PMID- 7210694 TI - Management of thoracic outlet syndrome in a community hospital. PMID- 7210695 TI - Moyamoya disease in pregnancy. PMID- 7210696 TI - Sporadic cases of Legionnaires' disease in Wisconsin: epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. PMID- 7210697 TI - Alcohol levels in emergency room patients. PMID- 7210698 TI - Metabolism of limonene-1,2-epoxide in the rat. AB - 1. The metabolism of limonene-1,2-epoxide was studied following intraperitoneal injection in rats and in rat liver homogenates. 2. Limonene-1,2-glycol was the only neutral metabolite detected. Major limonene metabolites, p-mentha-2,8-dien-1 alpha and -beta-ol and p-mentha-1,8-dien-6-alpha and -beta-ol were not observed. 3. Limonene-1,2-epoxide is not a major intermediate in limonene metabolism in the rat. PMID- 7210699 TI - Developmental aspects of 2-acetamidofluorene metabolism and mutagenic activation in the chick. AB - 1. Oxidative metabolism and mutagenic activation of 2-acetamidofluorene (AAF) in the Salmonella test system were studied with liver subfractions from untreated and beta-naphthoflavone (BNF)-pretreated chicks during the first 10 days after hatching. 2. Newly hatched chicks had high liver microsomal mono-oxygenase activities, and these were markedly increased by BNF-pretreatment. 3. The mutagenic activation of AAF with control liver subfractions was highest on day 1 after hatching and declined towards day 10. 4. BNF-pretreatment caused decreases in the mutagenicity of AAF at high protein concentrations in the test system, but led to increases in mutagenic activity when low protein concentrations were applied. 5. N-Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene was activated to a mutagen by microsomal metabolism, and this reaction was blocked by the deacetylase inhibitor paraoxon. 6. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of liver microsomes from BNF pretreated chicks showed an increase in a band with mol. wt. of approx. 55,000. The increase in the 55,000 mol. wt. band following BNF-pretreatment was associated with increases in benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and AAF N-hydroxylase activities in the chick liver microsomes. PMID- 7210700 TI - The metabolic fate of Sormodren (bornaprine hydrochloride) in animals and humans. AB - 1. Single oral doses of the anticholinergic drug [14C]Sormodren to rats (1 mg/kg), dogs (0.3 mg/kg) and humans (0.03 mg/kg) were well absorbed. Excreted in urine and faeces were means of 31 and 70%, 53 and 39%, and 78 and 4% in rats, dogs, and humans, respectively, during five days: excretion was prolonged and still incomplete at five days in humans. 2. Peak plasma levels of 14C (scaled for dose) were generally reached within 1-2 h after oral doses in rats, 49 (ng/ml)/(mg/kg), dogs 290 (ng/ml)/(mg/kg) and humans 410 (ng/ml)/(mg/kg), and declined with half-lives of approx. 5, 12 and 30 h, in these species respectively. Repeated oral doses of [14C]Sormodren to dogs resulted in some accumulation of 14C in the plasma. 3. Tissue concn. of 14C in dogs were generally higher than those in rats, particularly in the brain, lungs and eyes. The tissue distribution of 14C in rats and dogs was consistent with that of a compound readily eliminated by both renal and hepatic routes. 4. Basic metabolites in dog and human, urine and plasma were investigated using a combination of h.p.l.c. and g.l.c.-mass spectrometry. Unchanged Sormodren was not detected in the dog samples and was only a minor component in human urine and plasma. Some metabolites were present as conjugates. 5. A basic extract of enzyme-hydrolysed dog urine (5 mg/kg dose) contained 42% of the urine 14C. The major metabolites in this fraction were identified as three isomers of monohydroxy-N-desethyl-Sormodren and three isomers of monohydroxy-Sormodren, resulting from hydroxylation in the bicyclic ring. The positions of oxidation were not determined. A similar extract from dog urine (0.3 mg/kg dose) contained 26% of the urine 14C and the major metabolites were identified as isomers of monohydroxy-N-desethyl-Sormodren. 6. A basic extract of enzyme-hydrolysed human urine (0.03 mg/kg dose) contained 23% of the urine 14C. The unchanged drug was only a minor component and most of the radioactivity was associated with five isomers of monohydroxy-Sormodren, hydroxylation having occurred in the bicyclic ring. 7. Basic extracts of dog and human plasma only contained about 10% of the plasma 14C. Metabolites were chromatographically similar to the hydroxylated metabolites identified in the corresponding urine samples. PMID- 7210701 TI - Metabolic fate of nicardipine hydrochloride, a new vasodilator, by various species in vitro. AB - 1. The metabolic fate of nicarpidine hydrochloride by rats, dogs and monkeys in vitro has been compared with previously reported in vivo studies. 2. The rate of metabolism of the drug in rat liver was 1.76 mumol/g tissue per 20 min, while the values in the intestine, kidney, lung and blood were less than 0.1 mumol/g tissue per 20 min, suggesting that the first-pass effect observed in vivo was due mainly to metabolism of the drug in the liver. 3. The rates of liver metabolism were 1.76, 0.45 and 0.55 mumol/g tissue per 20 min in rats, dogs and monkeys, respectively. This species difference correlates well with the differences in plasma clearance values, which were 197, 37 and 27 ml/min per kg in rats, dogs and monkeys, respectively, after i.v. administration of nicardipine hydrochloride (0.4 mg/kg). 4. Urinary metabolites were qualitatively similar, but the proportions of each were slightly different, among rats, dogs, monkeys and humans. The most abundant urinary metabolite was derived from debenzylation of the N-benzyl-N-methylaminoethyl ester side-chain in dogs and humans, and from hydrolysis of the same side-chain to the carboxylic acid, together with oxidation of the dihydropyridine nucleus to pyridine, in rats and monkeys. The metabolites produced in vitro were also qualitatively similar in the animal species examined. 5. More than 90% of the drug was reversibly bound to the plasma protein at 0.1 microgram/ml in the three animal species and humans. The extent of binding decreased with increased drug concentration in rats and humans, but not in dog and monkeys. PMID- 7210702 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies on nicardipine hydrochloride, a new vasodilator, after repeated administration to rats, dogs and humans. AB - 1. Various doses of [14C]nicardipine HCl were administered orally at different intervals for different periods to rats and dogs, and cumulative excretion, plasma concn. of unchanged drug, plasma clearance, tissue distribution, and AUC determined. 2. Plasma concn. in 12 patients with cerebrovascular disease receiving 20 mg three times per day for 28 (6 patients) or 365 days (6 patients) was determined on various days 1 h after the third dose. 3. In tissues of rats receiving 3 mg/kg/day for 21 days, distribution 1 h after administration on day 14 was 1.4-2.5 times higher than on day one; there was no statistical difference between day 14 and 21, suggesting that a steady state had been established within 14 days. 4. In rats receiving 3 mg/kg/day for seven days, cumulative excretion was 97.3% administered drug, indicating no tendency to accumulation. 5. Doses of 10 mg/kg three times at 3 h intervals to dogs significantly increased the plasma concn. on repeated administration, but this was not the case if the drug was administered at 6 h intervals or if the dose was decreased to 2 mg/kg. These non linear pharmacokinetics may be ascribable to saturation of the hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activity. 6. In dogs given 5 mg/kg three times per day at 3 h intervals for seven days, max. plasma concn. and AUC on day 4 were 1.8 and 1.6 times higher, respectively, than on day 1. On days 4 and 7, these values were similar, suggesting that a steady state had been established within 4 days. 7. In six patients receiving the drug for 28 days, the mean plasma concn. on day 1, 7, 14, and 28 was approx. 0.1 microgram/ml, similar to the value on day 365 in the other six patients. This indicates that during long periods of administration, the plasma concn. of the drug shows no tendency to increase. PMID- 7210703 TI - Identification of the major biliary metabolite of (+)-catechin in the rat. AB - 1. Following oral administration of [U-14C]-(+)-catechin to the rat, the major biliary metabolite was shown to be the glucuronide of 3'-O-methyl-(+) catechin by chromatography and mass spectrometry. 2. [methyl-14C]-O-Methyl-(+)-catechin was formed by incubation of (+)-catechin with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-14C]methionine in vitro in both liver homogenates and in the presence of purified catechol-O-methyl transferase. 3. Alkaline micro-fusion techniques have been used to determine the position of the O-methyl substituent in the B-ring of the isolated O-methyl-(+) catechin glucuronide. PMID- 7210705 TI - [Naphthoquinone antibiotics from Streptomyces lateritius. I Fermentation, isolation and characterization of granatomycins A, C, and D]. AB - The fermentation and isolation procedures of the antibiotic granatomycin produced by Streptomyces lateritius are described. Furthermore, the producing strain ZIMET 43 627 and the main constituents of granatomycin will be characterized. Granatomycin is a red-violet pigment antibiotic of the naphthoquinone type. The physicochemical properties of granatomycin resemble those of granaticin. The antibiotic can be isolated from culture filtrates and from the mycelium by extraction with lower aliphatic alcohols. It can be purified by gel filtration methods. Granatomycin displays antimicrobial activity, particularly against grampositive and gramnegative bacteria, and antiviral activity against fowl plaque-virus in mammalian cells. Granatomycin is useful in selection of resistant mutants of bacteria and viruses with decreased virulence but high immunogenity suitable for use as life vaccines against infection diseases. The physicochemical properties of the main constituents of granatomycin studied confirm the identity of granatomycin C with granaticin and the identity of granatomycin D with dihydrogranaticin Granatomycin A is identical with the well-known semisynthetic methylester of dihydrogranaticin. Therefore, the production of granatomycin A is the first possibility to produce this derivative of granaticin biosynthetically. PMID- 7210704 TI - Effects of inducers and/or inhibitors on metabolism of lysergic acid diethylamide in rat liver microsomes. AB - 1. When lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was incubated with liver microsomes obtained from untreated rats, SKF 525-A inhibited most potently the hydroxylation at the 13-position, moderately inhibited N-demethylation at the 6-position, and least affected the metabolism of the side-chain at the 8 position. Furthermore, an atmosphere of 80% CO and 20% O2 (v/v) caused max. inhibition in N demethylation, moderate inhibition in 13-hydroxylation, and the minimum in metabolism of the side-chain at the 8-position. These data suggested that the metabolism of LSD is catalysed by three separate enzyme systems. 2. The formation of 13-hydroxy-lysergic acid diethylamide (13-hydroxy-LSD) in liver microsomes obtained from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats was not inhibited by CO, although the hydroxylation required NADPH and oxygen. 3. The results of experiments using various inhibitors suggest that the 13-hydroxylation in liver microsomes from 3 methylcholanthrene-treated rats is catalysed by an enzyme system involving an unusual type of cytochrome P-448. PMID- 7210706 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in Pasteurella multocida]. PMID- 7210707 TI - Inhibitor studies of phage T4 wild-type and mutant DNA polymerases. III. Distamycin A, actinomycin D, adriamycin, daunomycin and ethidium. AB - Adriamycin, daunomycin and ethidium, intercalating drugs which bind to double- as well as single-stranded DNA, inhibit phage T4 antimutator mutant CB121 DNA polymerase more strongly than the T4 wild-type and the mutator L98 polymerase. In contrast, all three enzymes are inhibited equally by distamycin A and actinomycin C. The latter two inhibitors bind only to double-stranded DNA. PMID- 7210708 TI - Candida ethanolica n. sp. AB - A new yeast, Candida ethanolica, isolated from industrial fodder yeast cultivated on synthetic ethanol as the only source of carbon, originally designated III-5 and III-6, is described. This species differs from all recently accepted Candida species in not assimilating nitrate, not producing urease and not fermenting sugars. PMID- 7210709 TI - [Metabolism of L-carnitine in enterobacteria]. PMID- 7210710 TI - [lipid metabolism and ageing (author's transl)]. AB - Aging in man and in animals is associated with a variety of changes in lipid metabolism. Age-dependent changes of the lipid metabolisms of liver, adipose tissue and other organs lead to the age dependence of the blood lipid level. Aging organisms synthesize and metabolize less lipids, the result being an age related increase of lipid in tissues and blood. Both intrinsic aging processes and risk factors (such as hyperlipoproteinemias) operative over many years apparently act to produce the multifactoral age-related disease atherosclerosis. PMID- 7210712 TI - [The measurement of factors influencing on complex needs of the inhibitants in geriatric nursing homes for cultural entertainment (author's transl)]. AB - The paper investigates the question if the factors age, sex, kind of work and during of stay in the geriatric nursing home influence the indicators selected showing the development of the needs of cultural entertainments of the inhibitants of these home. The data have been obtained by way of interviews covering 60 inhibitants. For solving this problem we have used (1) the analysis of variance and (2) the H-Test, combined with the Dunn-Test. For none of the indicators selected to reflect the need for cultural entertainment have we been able to prove statistically on influence by the factors age, sex, kind of work and during of stay. This statement is not valid for the combination: during of stay and striving for special knowledge obtained from cultural entertainments (about problems of life in the geriatric nursing home). The special test (Dunn test) explains the chance age-factor influencing the indicators striving for increasing the general knowledge and striving for special knowledge obtained from cultural entertainments. We can recognize a similar tendency in regard to the influence of the factor during of stay on the indicator striving on the part of inhibitants for been confronted with the problems of their environment. PMID- 7210711 TI - [Immunity reaction in old age (author's transl)]. AB - In 20 persons in old age and in 20 young persons the immunization with 0,5 ml of a vaccine (tetanus toxoid) was performed. The cell--immediated immunity of lymphocytes of these probands were investigated on the 0,7 21. and 28. day by lymphocyte-transformation test and E-rosette test. The boostering followed after 21 days with the same dose of the vaccine. It was found that the spontaneous transformation rate in T-lymphocytes in old age compared to the young age was duplicated. The stimulation with PHA (Phytamagglutinin) showed no significant differences while the specific cellular reactivity of the T-cells in old age is delayed and reduced compared to the T-cells in young age. PMID- 7210714 TI - [Industrial-anthropological basis for development of lounge-chair, for the aged (author's transl)]. AB - Proceeding on the party and government decisions "On the development of old people's and nursing homes" and on the tasks of the "Working group for appropriate furniture for old people" with the Ministry of Health, 19 measurements and criteria for the design of a lounge-chair for elderly people are demonstrated on the basis of industrial-anthropologically relevant measurements and functions of the body. These data are the scientific foundation for the work of designers and constructors of furniture. By three pictures, the development of the lounge-chair from the industrial-anthropological foundations to the production sample is illustrated. PMID- 7210713 TI - [Psychological aspects of professional work at old age (author's transl)]. AB - Already in early gero-hygienic studies the social influenceability of psychic health was to be discovered as conceptual conclusion. Investigations on old-age people also confirm the far-reaching dependence of psycho-physical health of old age on social factors of influence. Favourable living conditions result in satisfaction, whereas hospitalization, segregation and qualifications deficiencies promote psychic disorders. Longitudinal section studies likewise revealed the effects of the socio-economic psychic disorders. Longitudinal section studies likewise revealed the effects of the socio-economic status on activity and educational ambitions. Analogous results are shown by recent gerohygienic research work. Destitution and infirmity in old-age correlate strongly with a low socio-economic status. Social activities and creative spare time activities are to be found more frequently with residents of homes. Physical and psychic stresses of medium level at work have a more favourable effect on the degree of needing care at old age than overstrain or understrain. Low qualification also reduces the desire to continue work after having reached the retirement age limit. Consequences from the knowledge gained must be utilized for an aimed preparation of working pre-pensioners with poor qualification for an active old age. Scientific labour organisation at the factory also for the elder worker as well as strengthening the integration of the ageing citizen in the socialist society are additional means for maintaining the psychic health up to highest age. PMID- 7210715 TI - [Problems of effectiveness of dispensary care (author's transl)]. AB - The subject of dispensary care for elder workers is of topical interest for both contractants. The legal basis is the starting point of its implementation. In contrast to the situation in the GDR, the conception in the Soviet Union is to include the complete population in the dispensary care. Accordingly complex, therefore, are the proposals complied as annex for the criteria of effectiveness of such a care. In accordance with the proportional development of public health in the GDR, the criteria of effectiveness are governed by the sick list, health stages and fitness stages. PMID- 7210716 TI - [Sociological aspects of preparations for retirement as well as the spare time behaviour of pensioners (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of common experiences in the research cooperation in the gero hygienic and social-gerontological fields the authors depict the sociological aspects of preparing for retirement and the spare time behaviour of old-age pensioners. The short-term preparation for retirement in the pre-retirement age of pensioners should be dealt with preferably by industrial medicine. Preparatory steps on reaching the retirement age must pass over into the territorial level. The transition to retirement age and spare-time behaviour are creative social processes in sociological respect. The sociopolitical and health measures in the USSR and in the GDR take this knowledge fully into account. PMID- 7210717 TI - [Skeletal fluorosis in senility (author's transl)]. AB - There are reported two cases of nonprofessional skeletal fluorosis in senility. Causes of origin, clinical and roentgenological picture, histology and bone fluoride contents are specified, the findings discussed in connection with sodium fluoride therapy of osteoporosis. PMID- 7210718 TI - [Age-related changes in the elastic properties of large arterial vessels (author's transl)]. AB - 228 healthy subjects aged 20 to 100 were examined. The elasticity of the large arterial vessels was assessed by measuring the pulse rate. Methods of arterial sphygmography were applied for studying the vessels of the systemic circulation, while electrokymography was used for the pulmonary circulation. The examination results showed that the elasticity of the large arterial vessels diminishes in the process of ageing while their rigidity increases. This is primarily due to morphological changes in the vascular wall - i.e. the development of sclerosis. The age-dependent changes are unevenly distributed. They are more pronounced in the arteries of the systemic circulation than in the system of the pulmonary artery. The reduced elasticity of the arterial vessels greatly affect cardiac output and also reduces the general adaptability of the circulatory system. PMID- 7210719 TI - [Socio-pharmacological aspects of clinical pharmacology]. PMID- 7210720 TI - [Problems of the patient's capacity and readiness for cooperation in ambulatory medical care]. PMID- 7210721 TI - [Reasons for the irregular taking of medications]. PMID- 7210722 TI - [Analysis of patient reports on prescribed drug therapy as well as on self medication]. PMID- 7210723 TI - [Drug use and patient behavior during pregnancy]. PMID- 7210724 TI - [Medication behavior in long-term anti-epilepsy therapy]. PMID- 7210725 TI - [Medication reliability of epileptic children treated with phenytoin]. PMID- 7210726 TI - [The determination of anticonvulsants within the framework of the therapy service]. PMID- 7210727 TI - [The contribution of blood anticonvulsant determination to the evaluation of fitness to drive in epileptics]. PMID- 7210728 TI - [The cooperative spirit of parents and juveniles in the taking of anti-epilepsy agents]. PMID- 7210729 TI - [Results of questioning hypertensive patients as to their medication habits]. PMID- 7210730 TI - [Change in the frequency of drug prescriptions for ambulatory patients by 2 general practitioners and 2 internists]. PMID- 7210731 TI - [Berlocombin and Sulprim therapy in patients with various degrees of kidney failure]. PMID- 7210732 TI - [Problems in ambulatory pharmacotherapy]. PMID- 7210733 TI - [The control of chronic laryngitis by endoscopic and histomorphologic methods (author's transl)]. AB - Long time endoscopic-bioptic of 111 patients with chronic laryngitis made it possible to state cancer of the larynx in 12 patients. The diagnosis was made in the prognostically favourable stages T1 and T2N0M0 provided the controls were carried out immediately, considering histomorphologic degrees of malignancy (KLEINSAZSSER). A dispensaire of patients with increased risk cancer of the larynx can considerably improve early diagnosis in collaboration between family physician, specialist and special clinic applying speculum-examination of the larynx, laryngoscopy in general anaesthesia and microlaryngoscopy, as described by HEROLD for the district of Magdeburg (1964--1974). PMID- 7210734 TI - [Experiences with oral N-acetyl-cysteine treatment in children suffering from cystic fibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - A clinical test with the oral use of Fluimucil was performed by ourselves: Forty two children, who had been in stable condition for 8--10 years under inhalation therapy with Mucosolvin, were treated for a period of 6 months with Fluimucil used orally. We compared the clinical, bronchoscopic and lung function finding s before and after the 6-month period. In the case of 7 children the oral treatment had to be discontinued and replaced by a resumption of inhalation therapy after 6 to 12 weeks on an account of an exacerbation of the lungstate. The bronchoscopic studies showed results worse in 44% of the cases, unchanged in 22%, and improved in 34%. For lung-function the figures were 31%, 51% and 18% respectively. We can conclude from our results that it is not possible to replace inhalation therapy by an oral treatment for all children with cystic fibrosis. We can, however, surmise that such a treatment will be possible for 50--60% of the children and this must be considered as a significant step forward in the care of these children. PMID- 7210735 TI - [Problems concerning old-aged patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from the clinical point of view (author's transl)]. AB - One fourth of all patients with bacteriologic positive tuberculosis, who had been admitted in the Robert-Koch-Hospital of Leipzig between 1974 and 1978, were older than 70 years of age. Most of them suffered from an extensive, contagious, cavitary disease with impressive clinical symptoms. The prevailing part of them could be treated by the so-called "Zweiphasentherapie". That means a daily initial treatment was followed by an intermittent period of chemotherapy. Most of them reached quickly sputum conversion. As yet the bacteriologic relapse is very low. PMID- 7210736 TI - [Therapy of mite asthma (author's transl)]. AB - House dust allergy is a well known cause of bronchial asthma. VOORHORST and his team found, that the house dust mite is the most important allergen of house dust. We found in 17.2% of our patients a sensitization to house dust or house dust mite. The value of history, skin tests, bronchial provocation tests with house dust and RAST with mite allergen and house dust is discussed. Finally the results of hyposensitization with Migen in 52 patients are reported. PMID- 7210737 TI - [Ultrasonic aerosol apparatus hire system--therapy of chronic obstructive bronchitis and bronchiektasia (author's transl)]. AB - After an observation lasting two years the author will demonstrate with the cases at disposal the purpose and the effect of the hire system of ultrasonic aerosol home apparatus. PMID- 7210738 TI - [Mesothelioma of the pleura: cytology, coagulation of protein (Weltmann) and hyaluronic acid as parameters of clinical diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Pleural effusions provoked by 52 mesotheliomas are investigated following 1. they cytological findings 2. the coagulation of protein by the method of Weltmann 3. the concentration of hyaluronic acid. Determined combinations as results of method 1. and 2. made possible the diagnosis in 32 from 52 cases. But these methods are not absolute exact in itself because clinical and morphological experiences of the investigator are not to separate from the diagnostical judgement. The third parameter is independent of such experiences. The concentration of hyaluronic acid measured by a colorimetric test was in 20 of the 52 cases in such a high level, that these phenomenon alone was the proof for mesothelioma causing the fluid. The lower limit, which is also attainable in fluids from other diseases, lies by a concentration of about 250 mg/litre. PMID- 7210739 TI - [The value determination of serum aldolase for findings of metastases and relapses on bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - In 180 patients with histologically confirmed bronchial carcinoma exactitude of aldolase as a means for carrying out a screening test for metastases and relapses was checked. Enzyme activity was mostly normal in patients with limited extended local tumor growth including regional metastases as well as in tumour relapses. The group of patients with distant metastases, showed a distribution of increases and normal enzyme values which was equal; when differentiating further the majority of pathological aldolase values (79.4 per cent) was found in the group with liver metastases. We therefore regard as valuable the determination of serum aldolase when locking for liver metastases in confirmed bronchial carcinoma. PMID- 7210740 TI - [Wedge-lobe-resection of the bronchogenic cancer (author's transl)]. AB - It is reported about 70 patients with bronchogenic cancer during the period of 1967 to 1978, which were treated by a wedge-lobe-resection of cardiorespiratory reasons. The results of this operation method don't stand behind those of lobe- respectively pneumonectomy. The reasons are the comparatively lower operation stress and the smaller loss of lung parenchyma. In critical use the economic method of treatment presents a true alternative treatment on patients with increased risk, though it should not remove the classic resection methods. PMID- 7210741 TI - [Reference values of respiratory parameters in children. VI. Reference values of nitrogen washout parameters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210742 TI - [Angiofollicular lymph-node hyperplasia (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of angiofollicular lymph-node hyperplasia (Castleman-Lymphoma) are presented, accidentally discovered. They prefer localisation in mediastinum. Histological characteristics are lymph follicular hyperplasia, vascular proliferation with endothelium hyperplasia and sometimes hyalinosis of follicular centres. The tumor is of benign significance. Its etiologic remains unknown. For clinic relations it is very important to coordinate this tumor with the differential diagnosis of mediastinal diseases. PMID- 7210743 TI - [The role of biopsy as diagnostic measure in rare nonspecific lung diseases (author's transl)]. AB - In this paper the diagnostic value of biopsy as diagnostic measure in rare nonspecific lung diseases is analysed. The rare nonspecific are diseases are heterogen in the view of etiology, pathogenesis and clinical, rontgenological nd morphological symptoms. Most of these diseases out of the material of our institute showed disseminated changes in the lungs. The role of the biopsy in the diagnostic of these group of diseases is demonstrated. In an another group of rare unspecific lung diseases the value of biopsy is only small and diagnosis can be secured by clinical-rontgenological examinations. PMID- 7210744 TI - [Thoracoscopic lung biopsy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors start from the fact that till now was a declining attitude in face of the thoracoscopic lung biopsy. Under local anaesthesia any air embolism were happened with it. Moreover there was no optimal instrument for thoracoscopic lung biopsy. Beginning with pressure measurements of the intrathoracic cavity systems the authors research the conditions which can result in air embolism. They found that air embolism is excluded only by unilateral ventilation of the non-biopsied lung of the patient via a channel of Carlens' double-lumen catheter. The other channel of the cathetaer which is connected with the thoracoscopically biopsied lung must be aggreed with the atmosphere in the same way as the pleural space via the open thoracoscope tube. Further it was developed the suction punch, a special instrument for thoracoscopic lung biopsy. In this instrument the proceedings of catch and detache the tissue from the parenchyma are divided contrarily to the forcepslike devices. With this new instrument 63 patients were examined. The thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed under general anaesthesia with side separated ventilation through Carlens' catheter. The histologically verified diagnostic yielded was 89 per cent. There aren't serious complications. PMID- 7210746 TI - [Experiences with the microscopic mediastinoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - The mediastinoscopy is a routine method in cases with suspect changes of the mediastinum. The instruments for endolaryngeal microsurgery (KLEINSASSER) are usefully in this examinations. With this method no complications were observed in 50 patients. PMID- 7210745 TI - [Experiences with the transthoracal pleura and lung biopsy under thoracoscopic control (author's transl)]. AB - We used the so-called sharp nose forceps for the transthoracal pleura and lung biopsy under thoraco scopeic control. This utensil was introduced by a second puncture besides the thoracoscop. The results are demonstrated in statistics about the achievements of 200 pleuroscopic-bioptical forceps-biopsies. There weren't any serious complications. PMID- 7210747 TI - [Comparative studies of bronchial flora by means of a conventional and a new technic of taking specimens (author's transl)]. AB - A modification of a method described by LEES and MCNAUGHT for taking of bronchial specimens for bacteriological examination is reported and compared with the usual taking of specimens in a group of 275 patients. Working with the new method the contamination decreased from 55% to 20% of the examined patients. These contaminations in the new method are easy to distinguish from the real settlement of germs to separate. In patients with pyogenic bronchitis a higher percentage of positive bacterial cultures is to be found. The use of this method in hospitals is recommended. PMID- 7210748 TI - [Significance of arterial hypertension in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerotic vascular changes]. AB - Issuing from a description of the formal pathogenetic course of the arteriosclerosis and a global coordination of the essential risk factors to this process the importance of the hypertension in this process is emphasized. Its importance lies in fact that it becomes effective in the cooperation with other risk factors, particularly a dys- and hyperlipoproteinaemia, on various key mechanisms of the pathogenetic course. This concerns above all the permeability of the endothelium and the stimulation of the smooth muscle cells. Moreover, a hypertension has an essential influence on the degree of severity of the arteriosclerotic changes and their temporary appearance. The importance of the increased blood pressure is proved with the help of several instances. As it is shown by experimental results and also by findings in man, the unique hypertension does not lead to arteriosclerotic changes of the vascular wall, but to reaction of another kind. PMID- 7210749 TI - [Side effects of drugs, individual hypertension therapy, and drug-taking behavior of patients]. AB - Main thought of the therapy of hypertension is the possibly far-reaching normalisation of the haemodynamics changed by hypertension with simultaneous control of undesirable side-effects. With the aim to keep the side-effects low, depending on the degree of severity and the complication of hypertension, on other basic diseases, age and situation of life important references to an individual therapy are the result for every patient. This is of importance for the selection of the drugs to be applied as well as for an individually suitable dosage. Nevertheless, the side-effects cannot always be fully avoided. The consideration of frequently appearing side-effects furthers a good patient compliance in an active doctor-patient relationship. An own study showed that in special consulting hour for hypertension only one third of the patients regularly take the drugs, another third arbitrarily had modified the therapy. The regularity of the consultation of the physician only little states about the intake behaviour of the patients. PMID- 7210750 TI - [Hypertensive crisis and its treatment]. AB - Sudden and large increase of the blood pressure may be life-threatening, particularly when they are accompanied by encephalopathy, left-ventricular insufficiency or other complications. The crisis of hypertension shall be treated possibly without loss of time and with energy. If there is the possibility for a permanent control of the patient, the infusion by drops of nitroprusside sodium is the therapy of choice. It at once decreases the blood pressure and is free of side-effects. Diazoxide has the advantage compared with nitroprusside sodium that an intravenous injection decreases the blood pressure for several hours. But the rapid and drastic decrease of blood pressure may occasionally be dangerous in patients with coronary insufficiency and cerebral arteriosclerosis. In certain indications also other medicaments, such as reserpine, alpha-methyldopa, phentolamine, saralasin or nifedipine can be applied. The crisis of hypertension is always to be regarded as an emergency situation, since always irreversible lesions may be appear on the different organs as a sequel of the permanent vasoconstriction and ischaemia. PMID- 7210751 TI - [Electrolyte balance in arterial hypertension (continuation)]. AB - In patients with arterial hypertension as most frequent disturbance of the electrolyte balance a hypopotassaemia is observed. Examinations of our working team on 517 patients with hypertension exhibited a prevalence of the hypopotassaemia of 3%, in which case in the greater part of these patients (1.6%) a decrease of the serum potassium levels induced by diuretics was present. In the other patients in 1.2% of the cases a secondary and only in 0.2% of the patients a primary aldosteronism was diagnosed as underlying cause. The leading clinical symptom of the primary aldosteronism is a hypopotassaemic hypertension. The diagnosis of the disease is ascertained by the proof of a pathologically increased plasma aldosterone concentration and of a decreased and non-measurable renin activity, respectively. Since these peripheral hormone values do not allow a differential diagnosis between an adenoma producing aldosterone and an idiopathic hyperplasis of the adrenal cortex, further investigations for the differentiation of these two main forms of the primary aldosteronism must be performed. These investigations are: Phlebography of the suprarenal bodies, determination of the aldosterone concentration in the blood of the adrenal veins and iodine-131-cholesterol scintigraphy. Patients with an adenoma producing aldosterone are unilaterally adrenalectomized, while an operative intervention has no essential influence of the behaviour of the blood pressure in cases with idiopathic hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex. Therefore, these cases must be treated antihypertensively. A pseudo-primary aldosteronism, also shows a hypopotassaemic hypertension as leading symptom. In contrast to the genuine primary aldosteronism this disease, differs by the proof of low plasma aldosterone levels. A pseudo-primary aldosteronism is caused by the exogenic supply of mineralocorticoid-effective substances. A hypopotassaemia in patients with Cushing's syndrome should, above all when it is very expressed, attract the suspicion to a cortisol-producing carcinoma of the adrenal cortex. The hypopotassaemia in these patients is caused by additional abnormally high tumour production of mineralocorticoid-effective steroids. PMID- 7210752 TI - [Borderline hypertension]. AB - As to blood pressure values between 18.66 kPa and 21.14 kPa systolically and/or 11.99 kPa and 12.52 kPa diastolically according to the WHO-definition is spoken of borderline hypertension. In consequence of high rates of prevalence and incidence also in the borderline hypertension a particular preventive-medical interest is present. Own investigations yielded for 50 to 54-year-old males (n = 281) prevalence rates of 29% and for factory populations (n = 6,646 males and females) on an average 20.7%. Parallel to the results in hypertension in borderline hypertension in all age groups higher mean values of the triglycerides and of cholesterol were observed in normotonics. Under hormonal contraception in certain age groups (30--34, 35--39 and 40--49 years) altogether significantly higher systolic and diastolic values of blood pressure were found then in females without oral anticontraceptives. Within a clinical-ambulatory preventive programme performed for 8 years borderline hypertonics did not show any significant differences to the control group concerning the distribution of frequency of essential organ complications and the mortality. According to the present state of knowledge a permanent treatment of the borderline hypertension with substances reducing blood pressure still cannot be justified immediately. PMID- 7210753 TI - [Hypertension as a clinical syndrome]. AB - The essential hypertension, at present scarcely existing as isolated and unique disease, proves to be one of the main participants in multimorbidity. The evaluation of the own patients of the past 10 years according to the concomitant diseases of hypertension leads unconventionally to a subdivision in two groups: a "coloured" in which hypertension together appears with another chronic disease or also various diseases and a second group, in which the hypertension appears in a constantly composed "standardized" connection of diseases: with adiposis, hyperlipoproteinaemia, diabetes, frequently still with hyperuricaemia and cholelithiasis. In this hypertensive-metabolic syndrome we have to acknowledge a characteristic form of manifestation of hypertension, under simultaneous degradation to the symptom of a more comprehensive complex of disturbances. From the cooperation of the present individual diseases results a unique concentration of arteriosclerotic risk factors, so that course and result in the hypertensive metabolic syndrome are characterized by the arteriosclerosis with its organ manifestations, above all on heart and brain. PMID- 7210754 TI - [Early recognition and long-term control of hypertension in a random study]. AB - 6 years after a random hypertension screening of the initially recognized 355 persons 234 ones were after-examined. The measurement of blood pressure with a great expenditure of time proved to be the only secure method to establish the whole number of patients with hypertension, while the X-ray picture and the anamnesis questionnaire take into consideration only one part of the cases. The control examination after 6 years established that the number of the continuously treated patients with hypertension increased, that a decrease of the pressure was achieved in 44% of the cases of hypertension and that it was possible to reduce at the same time a part of the risk factors, particularly the consumption of nicotine. Untreated cases showed a tendency to the increase of blood pressure. PMID- 7210755 TI - Small intestinal blood flow after 48 hours ileus, prostigmin and manual decompression. AB - In eight piglets small intestinal blood flow (IBF) and motility has been measured after 48 hrs mechanical obstruction, prostigmin application and manual decompression using the microspheres method. Intraenteric basic pressure is in a normal range; the number of tonic contraction waves (type 3 waves) is slightly increased. IBF after 48 hrs ileus is markedly increased compared to normal (218%). Prostigmin does not influence IBF significantly. After manual decompression, IBF decreases to 56% of normal and does not recover within 30 minutes. Whereas IBF in the segment proximal to the obstruction is increased, IBF in the distal part is significantly reduced (48%) after 48 hrs of ileus. It is concluded that 48 hrs of ileus have no harmful effect on intestinal blood flow and function. Prostigmin does not increase IBF, whereas motility is stimulated strongly. Mechanical decompression results in a 50% reduction of IBF, which might be in accordance with clinical observation of retarded recovery and reduced motility after this maneuvre. PMID- 7210756 TI - [Investigation of the oral-anal frequency gradient of the slow waves in the reversed intestinal segment]. AB - Slow waves on small intestine are recognized by decreasing frequency from oral to anal direction. By means of an unipolar recording we found in 65,7 percent of our probes the higher frequency on oral side, in 15,7 percent on anal side and 18,6 percent no remarkable difference between both. After the reverse of a segment of small intestine we still found a reverse of the gradient of the frequences in that way, that nearly in the same percentage the higher frequency was now to be found on the anal side. The mechanical activity of the reversed segment remains also permanently reversed. These indicate that the oral-anal frequency gradient is bound causally to the direction of mechanical activity of the small intestinal wall. They further indicate the permanent antiperistalsis of the reversed small intestinal segment. PMID- 7210757 TI - [Basis examinations for pathogenesis and treatment of fat embolism. III. The interface tension of blood against lipids. B. Their influence by addition of surfactants and the effect on the lipid solubility in vitro]. AB - Various surfactants such as Pluronic L 61, L 64, F 68 and F 108, Tween 80 und Triton WR 1339 as well as bile acids and sodium taurocholate were tested for their capacity to reduce the interface tension against neutral lipids and for their capacity to induce stable emulsions of triglycerides in rabbit sera. No positive correlation was found to exist between the interface activity against neutral lipids and the lipid emulsifying capacity of rabbit sera, added with the surfactants. When ether was added to serum, the lipid emulsifying capacity was increased most at concentrations of about 0,0075 g ether per 100 ml serum. This is about 1/10 of the ether concentration, achieved during anesthesia at the stage of tolerance. Pluronic F 108 in non toxic concentrations was the agent increasing the lipid emulsifying capacity of rabbit (and human) sera most efficiently. It proved superior also to ethanol and ether and appears to be the most suitable agent for mobilization of embolized fat in lung vessels. PMID- 7210758 TI - [The control of the effect of the electrical stimulation for the callus formation by means of conductance measurement in the rabbit tibia after osteotomy]. AB - The measurement of the resistance between the electrodes for stimulation during the operation shows the electrical field strength in the osteotomie. This one will recommend for the comparison of the results of stimulation experiments. The measurement in the course of healing shows faults at the electrodes and the contacts, whereas as the assertions about the process of healing are slightly. PMID- 7210760 TI - [A non-operative method for induction of artery thrombosis by means of electrically direct current in big arteries in dog]. AB - The most methods for induction of an experimental arterial thrombosis needs an operative procedure. A method for non-operative induction of thrombosis in peripheric big arteries is presented in this contribution. The technique is endovasal and transcatheteral. The contact of the endovasal electrode with the arterial intima has to be guaranteed for a certain thrombosis. A particularly constructed electrode for application of direct current in big arteries is presented to the realization of this demand. PMID- 7210761 TI - [Contact-free temperature measurement in the heart by means of infrared telepyrometry]. AB - The actual temperature of the myocardium requires the surgeon for the assessment of the ischemia time under hypothermic conditions in operations on the heart. The problem of the contact free temperature measurement on heart was solved by means of the infra-red telepyrometer. Preponderant technical aspects of the application in the cardiosurgery were described. On the basis of the physics the function of an infra-red contactlesspyrometer was discussed and the first results of own investigations about the contact free measurement of the epicardial temperature. PMID- 7210759 TI - [The reaction of some enzymatic and coagulative physiologic parameters after electrically induced thrombosis in the arterial vascular system in dog and pygmy pig]. AB - Changes of enzyme and coagulation parameters were observed after electrically induced thrombosis in the arterial vascular system. These changes where only significant if the thrombosis was induced in the coronary arteries and a myocardial infarction was following. On the contrary anodic direct current (D. C. 10 mA about 15 minutes) in the femoral artery of dog or pygmy pig did not produce any significant changes of the examined parameters. PMID- 7210762 TI - [Evaluation of regional heart function by means of local changes in pressure and direction in the vector cardiogram]. AB - Regional function parameters under myocardial ischemia are frequently clearly changed when the parameters as the stroke volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction and the like are still unchanged by a compensation mechanism. Length changes can be measured regionally and phasically by means of a mercury wire strain gauge. The active shortening during the ejection time in relation to the total length change in this region is a possibility for the registration of the relative systolic shortening (delta LS%). Changes will be quantified still clearer and earlier if in the x-y display a vector representation of the regional displacements with the pressure in the left ventricle takes place. The plane of this vector decreased already a few seconds after the coronary occlusion. This is therefore a special early change in ischemia. The important for the estimation of therapeutic measures and other indirect measuring methods is accentuated. PMID- 7210763 TI - [Thermocardiography--a method for continuous intraoperative surveillance]. AB - The thermography of the cardiac surface offers the possibility for the intraoperative control of cardiosurgical measures. Changes of the coronary blood flow and ischemically induced alterations of the metabolism becomes obvious immediately. The measured values give the heart surgeon topical information and are helpful to carry out protective and therapeutic measurements. PMID- 7210764 TI - [Clinical field study on the frequency and topographical distribution of lichen ruber including the question of etiological influence factors]. AB - A total of 374 Patients with lichen ruber of skin and/or mucous membranes, treated at our Department during a period of 7 years, have been studied retrospectively. The prevalence rate, the distribution pattern as well as the dependence on localisation of different types of clinical lesions have been examined. In 54% of the cases studied, the oral mucosa was involved, in about half of these cases without any other manifestation. In 92 hospitalised patients, a statistically significant correlation between lichen ruber and chronic hepatic disorders was revealed. On the other hand, chronic alcoholism and/or smoking habits did not show any close correlation with lichen ruber. PMID- 7210765 TI - [Demonstration of retrograde block in a patient with preexcitation syndrome by intraoperative electrophysiological studies (author's transl)]. AB - In a patient with a WPW syndrome, the electrophysiological investigation revealed a left-sided bypass conducting only in antegrade (A-V) direction. During right ventricular stimulation, there was a complete retrograde (V-A) block. Therefore no reentry tachycardia could be initiated. The patient was operated upon because of an aortic valve lesion. During operation the bypass was localized at the free wall of the mitral annulus by epicardial mapping. Even during direct stimulation at the ventricular insertion of the bypass, no retrograde conduction to the left atrium could be demonstrated. After ablation of the bypass by surgery, intra- and postoperative electrophysiological studies showed a normal antegrade activation pattern of the ventricles. The case reported demonstrates that the "heterodromia" of an accessory bypass can markedly influence the clinical setting in the WPW syndrome. PMID- 7210766 TI - [Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: two accessory pathways concealed conduction accompanied by enhanced AV node conduction (author's transl)]. AB - The case report of a 40 years old female patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and concealed conduction of the accessory pathways is presented. Endocardial mapping revealed two re-entry tachycardias with different rates and different sequences of retrograde atrial depolarisation. These accessory bypass tracts were accompanied by enhanced AV node conduction. -- Patients with multiple accessory pathways and enhanced AV node conduction appear to be a special group of WPW-syndrome in respect of life-threatening tachycardias. PMID- 7210767 TI - [Investigations on the cardiovascular system at altitudes up to a height of 7,800 meters (author's transl)]. AB - During a Karakorum expedition electrocardiographic investigations were performed. In the basic camp, 4,800 meters above sea level, ECG of test persons were registered in the resting state and after physical exercise. In addition, long time recordings of heart rate reactions were made during various phases of mounting up to a height of about 7,800 meters. The ascent in extreme altitudes without an artificial oxygen supply did not cause electrocardiographical signs of myocardial hypoxia. Only supraventricular or ventricular ectopic beats could be detected in some instances. During continuous mounting, the heart rate rises to 120-140 beats per minute and reached 150 beats per minute during the last part up to the summit. Resting blood pressure measured in the basic camp over a period of 15 days showed no significant changes. PMID- 7210768 TI - [Natural history of patients with severe mitral and double-valve disease under medical therapy (author's transl)]. AB - 55 patients with mitral valve disease (MV) and 30 patients with combined aortic and mitral valve lesions (DV) class III or IV (NYHA) were followed up to ten years on medical therapy. In all cases valve replacement was indicated but not done for different reasons. The prediction of late survival was analyzed by anamnestic, clinical and hemodynamic variables. The five-years survival rate in MV was 50% (stenosis 57%, incompetence 25%), in DV 28%. Those patients who refused operation had a high survival rate. Functional class IV, cardiothoracic ratio greater than 60%, mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 30 mm Hg (MV) or greater than 25 mm Hg (DV), pulmonary vascular resistance greater than 400 dyn/s/cm5 (MV) or 300 dyn/s/cm5 (DV) were significantly negative factors influencing the survival curves. In addition, in patients with MV and incomplete right bundle branch block and a PEP/LVET ratio greater than 0.34 calculated from systolic time intervals indicated a serious prognosis. Comparing the survival curves after mitral valve replacement and conservative therapy, it is evident that in mitral and double valve disease class III or IV the operative therapy leads to life prolongation with the exception of mitral stenosis class III. PMID- 7210769 TI - [A 17-years follow-up study after closed mitral commissurotomy (author's transl)]. AB - 410 patients were operated upon by closed mitral commissurotomy in 1961-62. Of this group, 224 patients were followed up until 1978. The actuarial survival rate after 16 to 17 years postoperatively was 58%. Overall 43 patients were reoperated (second commissurotomy or mitral valve replacement). The cumulative reoperation rate of these patients was 1.5% per year. The mortality rate in patients with reoperation was 1.2% per year, without reoperation 2% per year. 87 patients are still alive 17 years after mitral commissurotomy without reoperation. 59% of this group belong to functional class II or I (NYHA). Most of them have combined mitral valve disease with predominant mitral stenosis. Atrial fibrillation was present in 33% (n = 29) preoperatively and in 58% (n = 50) postoperatively at the end of the study. Only 20% of all patients were on anticoagulant therapy. Nevertheless, the total embolic rate (5.7%) and the cumulative embolic rate (0.2% per year) remained low. The good long-term results show that mitral commissurotomy is an effective therapeutic approach in patients with mitral stenosis. PMID- 7210770 TI - [Long-term results after cardiac valve replacement (author's transl)]. AB - The value of prosthetic valve replacement is determined not only by the improvement in life expectancy but also by the quality of life. This statement resulted from an analysis of 168 patients undergoing isolated aortic -- or mitral -- valve replacement between 1970 and 1976. Besides numerous complications -- probably often avoidable such as side effects of incorrect anticoagulation -- long term results of 125 surviving patients were satisfactory over a period of 3 9 years after surgery. Though complete restitution was rare, subjective and objective improvement -- different and dependent on type and degree of valve disease -- was persisting and the effect on social and professional incorporation surprisingly positive. PMID- 7210771 TI - Adams-Stokes attacks associated with carotid sinus syncope. Pathogenesis and therapy of the carotid sinus syncopes. AB - The pathophysiology and therapy of the carotid sinus syncope were studied by means of electrophysiological investigations and clinical observations in 84 patients suffering from carotid sinus syncope. The most important data and conclusions of the study are the following: 1. The most frequent cause of the carotid sinus syncope (Adams-Stokes) attack is the sinus arrest and a sinus block. 2 degrees-3 degrees av block can be observed less frequent in the course of syncope attack. 2. In a patient suffering from carotid sinus syncopes, disorders of impulse formation and impulse conduction of the heart are frequent. First of all, the association of the sick sinus syndrome and the carotid sinus syncope can be often detected. 3. It is not rare at all that the carotid sinus syncope occurs with extracranial obliterative disorders. Transitory cerebral ischaemic attack frequently develops on the stimulation of the carotid sinus area. 4. The drug -- atropine -- therapy of the carotid sinus syncope is usually insufficient. Generally, pacemaker implantation is the adequate treatment. Late results are very good after pacemaker implantation. PMID- 7210772 TI - [Non-invasive recording of late ventricular potentials--methodology and first clinical experiences (author's transl)]. AB - Late potentials occurring after the QRS complex were searched for from the body surface using high-gain amplification and signal-averaging techniques with filter settings between 100 and 300 hz at a sampling rate of 10 khz. The number of repetitions of the averaging process ranged between 150 and 300. 52 patients were studied. In 11 control subjects, no late potentials were detected within the ST segment. Late potentials were observed in 3/27 patients without previously documented ventricular tachycardia, all having left ventricular aneurysms. All three patients had evidence of increased ventricular vulnerability (one dying from ventricular tachycardia, one with stimulus-inducible ventricular tachycardia, one with multiple episodes of ventricular fibrillation after surgery). In patients with previously documented ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation, late potentials occurred in 7/14 cases (50%), mainly in those with aneurysms (6/8 pts = 75%). Mean onset of late potentials after the QRS complex was 38 +/- 20.1 ms, mean amplitude was 3.9 +/- 2.0 uV, and mean duration was 17.1 +/- 5.4 ms. We conclude that late potentials, which represent late depolarization of a mass of ventricular tissue after slow conduction, herald increased susceptibility to ventricular tachycardia mainly in patients with ventricular aneurysms. PMID- 7210773 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of an antiarrhythmic therapy (disopyramide) in patients with frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVC) using a computer-assisted long-term ECG analysis system (author's transl)]. AB - 15 patients (pts.) - 12 males, 3 females - with frequent PVC (greater than 3%/16 hr during a qualifying period = LP) of different causes underwent after one-day placebo application (PL) drug treatment (disopyramide: loading dose 600 mg, 300 mg t.i.d.) over two days (D1, D2). The ambulatory continuously recorded long-term ECG was analysed using "Multipass-Scanning", a computer-supported analysis system for quantification of therapeutic success. The mean PVC rate of 17% prior treatment could be diminished in 87% of the pts. significantly. 5 pts. (group I) demonstrated a maximal PVC-reduction rate of more than 90 rel %. Among them in 2 pts. the PVC-rate did not exceed the 1%-level during D1 and D2 demonstrating an optimal therapeutic success. The max. PVC-reduction rate ranged between 80 and 90 rel % in 3 pts. (group II) and between 38 and 78 rel % in 5 pts. (group III). 2 pts. did not respond on DP. The mean DP-plasma level was higher in group-III pts. than in group-I or -II pts. in spite of a less therapeutic success. 7 pts. demonstrated a circadian behaviour of PVCs. Therefore the circadian variability increased. Also lower PVC rates under DP (D1, D2) led to an increase of spontaneous variability of PVCs. The maximal PVC depressant effect of DP appeared while the heart rate was 70 b.p.m. or higher. In conclusion, 87% of the pts. demonstrated a drug effect, but an effective antiarrhythmic therapy occurred only in 2 pts. (13%). A decrease of the frequency of rhythm disturbances led to a decrease of arrhythmia's variability and requires a prolongation of the ECG recording time to eliminate the variabilities of arrhythmia occurred (spontaneous, circadian) and to avoid a mimicked therapeutic success. PMID- 7210774 TI - [Computer compatible long-term ECG analysing system for quantitative detection of low grade and complex dysrhythmias--Methods and evaluation of the analysing accuracy (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of a commercially available analyser2) a long-term ECG analysing system for quantitative detection of the following events was developed: all QRS complexes, ventricular premature beats (VPB), VPB with different coupling intervals (including the R/T phenomenon), paired VPB, salvos of VPB, ventricular tachycardias, ventricular bigeminy, supraventricular premature beats, supraventricular tachycardias, and asystoles. These dysrhythmias are detected simultaneously at 60-fold speed and counted within predeterminable time intervals, the results being printed out and at the same time stored on punch tape, thus allowing off-line computer processing of the data. The accuracy of the analysing system working in a fully automatic mode was evaluated by comparison to the results obtained by two cardiologists. The predictive value of the analyser was 99.9% for all QRS complexes and 97.2% for aberrantly shaped QRS complexes. The corresponding values of the sensitivity were 99.7% and 95.3%. For paired VPB or salvos of VPB and ventricular bigeminy the predictive value was 91.8% and 95.1%, respectively, the sensitivity being 93.4% and 87.9%, respectively. For the detection of asystoles, in spite of a 100% sensitivity a predictive value of only 45.6% was found. Therefore these events may well be detected automatically, but the false positive counts will have to be sorted out by visual inspection on the oscilloscope or ECG write-out. PMID- 7210776 TI - [Intravenous fibrinolytic treatment in chronic ischemic heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 13 male patients (mean age 49.1 years) with chronic ischemic coronary heart disease (7 transmural and 2 intramural myocardial infarctions), angina pectoris and signs of ischemia during exercise an intravenous streptokinase therapy was performed. The treatment was installed 18.9 months after infarction or after onset of angina pectoris. Before and after intravenous streptokinase therapy the following parameters were measured: history, heart volume, exercise-ECG, Swan Ganz pulmonary artery measurements during exercise, aortic and left ventricular pressures, coronary angiography, left ventricular angiography. 1. Angina pectoris disappeared in 1 and became better in 4 patients. In none of the patients angina pectoris became worse. 2. The parameters for ischemia were not changed overall by the therapy. But in single patients signs of exercise-induced ischemia were influenced. 3. Mean values of left ventricular function (EF, LVEDP) were not changed. 4. Angiographic changes were discrete. 5. Complications of therapy and worsening of subjective parameters did not occur. 6. The angina pectoris behaviour in 5 patients (became better) is explained by changes of blood properties. The not-appearance of coronary artery occlusions is explained by the inhibition of platelet aggregation. 7. It is suggested that the effect of intravenous streptokinase therapy should be examined in patients with short lasting angina pectoris and subgroups, such as initial angina pectoris. PMID- 7210777 TI - [Transluminal angioplasty of the coronary arteries--An analysis of the most important complications by a postmortal study in the human heart (author's transl)]. AB - The technique of dilatation of coronary obstructions with balloon-catheters according to Gruntzig was performed in 12 hearts with 17 proximal, predominantly excentric coronary stenoses. In all stenoses we saw a significant effect of dilatation with a mean increase of the diameter from 1.2 to 1.7 mm (p less than 0.001). Histological examinations revealed the following alterations: stretching (and compression) of the normal wall segment in most of the obstructions, injury of the plaque (11 times), perforation of the free wall (twice) and dissection of the wall (five times). The possible significance of these postmortal findings for the intravital application of the technique is discussed. PMID- 7210775 TI - [Occurrence of a hyperactive carotid sinus in myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - In 41 patients with acute myocardial infarction, carotid sinus message was performed during the first 48 hours and again 4 weeks later. A hyperactive carotid sinus reflex was found in 12 cases (29.3%) in the first post-infarction day, only in 4 cases (9.8%) 4 weeks later. Hyperactive carotid sinus reflexes occurred four times more in inferior wall than in anterior wall infarction. Myocardial necrosis seems to be able to provoke an hyperactive carotid sinus reflex. PMID- 7210778 TI - [Left ventricular function at rest and during leg raising in patients with cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Isovolumetric and auxotonic contractility parameters were analyzed at rest and following leg raising in 16 patients with predominantly congestive cardiomyopathy. Regional ventricular function was calculated using the hemiaxis method. In patients with mild cardiomyopathy, ventricular function improved following leg raising with an increase in the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and a decrease in endsystolic volume. By contrast, patients with moderate and severe cardiomyopathy displayed deterioration of ventricular function with increased hypokinesia, particularly in the anterior and apical region. Endsystolic volume increased; mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, regional wall velocity, and ejection fraction decreased. These results suggest that in the early phase regional disturbances of ventricular function may regress in response to passive leg raising. In the severe forms of cardiomyopathy, the preexisting regional or generalized hypokinesia increased markedly following leg raising, reflecting limited or absent left ventricular contractility reserve. PMID- 7210779 TI - [The effect of diltiazem and nifedipine on exercise-induced ST-segment depression and heart rate in patients with coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 10 patients with angina pectoris and angiographically proven coronary heart disease, the effect of 60 mg of orally administered diltiazem (D) and 20 mg of nifedipine (N) on heart rate and exercise-induced ST-segment depression was investigated under randomized double-blind conditions. A significant reduction in mean ST-segment depression could be observed at 90 and 180 minutes for N (-36% and -33%) and D (-28% and -27%). One patient did not improve after D; two patients showed a paradoxic increase in ST-segment depression after N. Mean heart rate at rest, during, and after exercise compared to the drug-free periods was lower for D and higher for N. The difference in mean heart rate between N and D was significant (p less than 0.001). In respect to their ability to reduce ST segment depression, 20 mg of N appears to be nearly equipotent to 60 mg of D. The different effects of D and N on heart rate and AV condition must be considered in certain clinical settings. PMID- 7210780 TI - [The "steal" syndrome and the development of pulmonary arterio-venous shunt after Glenn and/or Fontan operations (author's transl)]. AB - 18 patients with superior vena cava-right pulmonary artery (Glenn) anastomosis and 7 patients with right atrium-pulmonary artery (Fontan) conduit operation were investigated by selective angiography, oximetry and contrast echocardiography. 11 patients with Glenn anastomosis (61.1%) developed a "steal" syndrome in 4 11/12 to 9 7/12 years postoperatively. In 2 patients pulmonary arteriovenous shunt could be documented by selective angiocardiogram, oximetry and contrast echocardiography, and in 1 patient by contrast echocardiography only (16.6%). None of the patients with Fontan operation developed detectable pulmonary arteriovenous shunt in the follow-up period. The effect of the changed haemodynamics after Fontan operation on the "steal" syndrome in patients with prior performed Glen anastomosis is that to diminish or abolish collateral flow. There is no influence on the abnormal intrapulmonary arteriovenous communications. PMID- 7210781 TI - [Thrombolytic therapy in a case of mitral valve thrombosis (author's transl)]. AB - In this paper we present a case in which thrombolytic treatment with Streptokinase was successful in a 53-year-old patient, who developed valve thrombosis one year after aortic and mitral-valve replacement by Bjork-Shiley tilding-disk-valve prosthesis. The patient suffered from pulmonary congestion and cardiogenic shock. In spite of Arterenol infusion the blood pressure fell down to 90/50 mm Hg. The systolic pulmonary artery-pressure rose up to 120 mm Hg, the cardiac output was 1.8 l/min. The patient became anuric. A transport to the next department of cardiovascular surgery was impossible. In this extraordinary critical situation for the patient we introduced a thrombolytic therapy with Streptokinase. Within a few hours, the systolic pulmonary artery-pressure fell down by 33%, the cardiac output increased by 100%. One and half days later the patient did not need Arterenol infusion and the blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg. Referring to this observation, we conclude that Streptokinase therapy can be a successful emergency-treatment of a life-threatening artificial heart-valve thrombosis, if surgical treatment is impossible. PMID- 7210782 TI - [Investigations of the etiology of bradycardial rhythm disturbances (author's transl)]. AB - As a possible etiology of cardiac conduction disturbances the sclerosis of coronary arteries and an idiopathic fibrosis are considered. In recent time also a diabetes-typical process in the coronary artery system has been discussed. Therefore we studied the distribution of atherosclerotic risk factors in 238 patients with severe cardiac conduction disturbances. The results were: 1. The incidence of risk factors in patients with cardiac conduction disturbances is relatively high. 2. Nearly all risk factors were more frequent in patients with diabetes than in patients without this disease. 3. The average number of risk factors per patient is significantly higher in diabetic than in non diabetic patients. 4. The risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus--as hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia--follow the same distribution function in diabetic patients and are therefore influenced by the diabetes in a similar fashion. Our results demonstrate that the atherosclerosis is the most probable cause of cardiac conduction disturbances. It seems unlikely that a diabetes-typical vessel disease is the primary cause of conduction disturbances in diabetic patients. Our results rather seem to demonstrate that the diabetes mellitus in general advance the process of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7210783 TI - [Speech perception in old age]. PMID- 7210785 TI - [Age-related radio-morphologic changes in the extremity muscles]. AB - The authors examined the limb musculature of 133 individuals of various ages using a special soft tissue X-ray technique. In individuals under 45 years of age the broad striping indicative of group fibre necrosis in the musculature or of secondary interstitial lipomatosis was not observed at all. In older individuals, apart from a decrease in the volume of the calf musculature, diffuse striping was also characteristic, but not the rule. In certain cases fatty tissue proliferation was also observed in patches. Pathological changes in the musculature of the upper limbs due to old age were considerably rarer and less varied. The authors discuss the possible reasons and explanations for the pathological changes. PMID- 7210784 TI - [Organization forms for clinical geriatrics]. AB - In Germany the insight in the usefulness or necessity of clinical geriatrics as a medical specialty promotes changes in organization only with delay. This description of the working facilities for geriatricians in Great Britain stresses geriatric wards, attachment of geriatricians to acute medical wards and geriatric day hospitals. Difficulties and possibilities of development in british geriatrics are presented so far as they are of account for the actual german situation. PMID- 7210786 TI - [Significance of magnesium, copper and zinc in medial femur neck fractures in the aged]. AB - The medial fracture of the femur neck is mainly a fracture of the old man. It is well known, that often only minimal traumas are caused for the medial fracture of the femur neck. Osteoporosis alone is not the reason for fracture. A deficiency in trace elements especially for the old patients is often discussed, but there are no exact examinations yet. For this analysis the concentration magnesium, copper and zinc was performed from 10 patients which got a medial fracture of the femur neck. Bone-biopsy and blood was taken when an endoprothesis was implanted. We could find a decreased zinc concentration in all bones. The copper and magnesium concentration in bone was not significant depressed. Both elements have a great individual spread. There are no significant alterations in blood levels of magnesium, copper and zinc in patients with a medial fracture to normal population. PMID- 7210787 TI - [Representation of the aged in magazine advertisements]. AB - A content-analysis of 125 magazine advertisements from 1975 to 1977 dealt with the image of old people especially sex-related aspects of their representation. This image can be described as positive, the two sexes being similar in all relevant dimensions. Most important result, however, is that old people are underrepresented and that their representation is not very differentiated including even restrictive elements. This is especially true for the old woman. PMID- 7210788 TI - [Clinics for terminally ill and dying patients?]. AB - Hospitals are almost exclusively organized for the purpose of technical control of illness and death. They hardly fulfill the needs of chronical ill people and those being dying. It is therefore necessary to provide for them particular hospitals? There are several reasons against: in order to keep a humane praxis and atmosphere you need more personnel than you do in common hospitals. Therefore no reduction of costs could be expected. Furthermore it will be difficult to find enough qualified people because the psychic and physical stress of the team is very hard and because regular change of the personnel is not as easily possible as it is in common hospitals. The medical facilities for controlling pain could be not sufficient in those institutions. The tendency of turning the whole section of care for people being incurable ill, needing permanent care and being dying into a ghetto would increase all the negative moral consequences. Therefore there are important objections against the organisation of specific hospitals for dying people. PMID- 7210789 TI - [Coming to terms with death - a determinant of successful aging?]. AB - Besides the process of individuation some physical, psychical, and social experiences were demonstrated which can be regarded as stimuli for a confrontation with one's own finitude at the beginning of the second half of life. The meaning of overcoming the prospect of death and dying within the second half of life was shown with reference to the concepts of "developmental task" and "crisis". Religiosity, future time perspective, life satisfaction, self-esteem and social integration were introduced as the most important variables which provide hypotheses concerning the process of working up death related experiences. PMID- 7210790 TI - [Position on the establishment of departments in geriatrics and gerontology]. PMID- 7210791 TI - Light microscopic localization of acid phosphatase in different tissue cells of the albino rat. AB - The enzyme acid phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1 3.2), often referred to as "non-specific acid phosphomonoesterase" because of histochemical and biochemical polymorphisms and ubiquity, is one of the most thoroughly studied enzyme in mammalian tissues. The aim of the present work was to outline the functional characteristics of this enzyme by extrapolating the results of light microscopic investigations. A diffuse intracytoplasmic acid phosphatase activity was detected in the epinephrine-producing cells of the adrenal medulla. Various forms of lysosomes were observed to exert acid phosphatase activity in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia, hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and in the walls of brain vessels. Pseudounipolar ganglion cells and certain neurons of the medulla oblongata were found to contain acid phosphatase in intracellular membrane systems. Biochemically, acid phosphatase consists of more than four isozymes each of them possessing antigenically diverse molecular forms suggesting molecular polymorphism. Histochemical and biochemical polymorphisms of acid phosphatase are considered to be due to the accommodation to the pleomorphic appearance of a sole chemical bond. PMID- 7210793 TI - Asymmetry of the habenulae in the elasmobranch "Scyllium stellare". I. Light microscopy. AB - The habenular nuclei of the elasmobranch "Scyllium stellare" have been studied with conventional histological techniques for light microscopy. Their left-right asymmetry has been defined by the observation of serially cut sections. In addition, their cytoarchitectonic organization has been defined quantitatively. In all specimens observed, the left habenula was larger, longer and richer in myelin than the right. However, it appears that the right habenula is subdivided into more subnuclei than the left. We hypothesize that the morphologic asymmetry of the habenulae might reflect a functional specialization of the two sides of the epithalamus. PMID- 7210792 TI - Response of the regenerating telencephalon of Lacerta viridis to nerve growth factor. AB - To identify the nature of the dividing cells during the regenerative process of the telencephalon, the authors administered nerve growth factor (NGF) to Lacerta viridis with a wedge of telencephalon removed. Some known centers of cell proliferation were unresponsive to the treatment, whereas the ventral end of the telencephalic ventricle underwent an increase of up to 200% in proliferation rate. On the basis of this observation and data in the literature, the authors propose that the cell proliferation beginning in the medial area during the regeneration of the telencephalic ventricle is due to catecholaminergic neuroblasts still present in the adult. PMID- 7210794 TI - Asymmetry of the habenulae in the elasmobranch "Scyllium stellare". II. Electron microscopy. AB - The structure of the habenular nuclei of the elasmobranch Scyllium stellare has been examined with the electron microscope. There is asymmetry of the left and right habenulae; difference is manifest in their cell types and myelin distribution. The presence in only the left habenula of cells bearing large granules - probably secretory - and of cells with myelinated perikarya suggest a functional diversification of the habenulae. A large variety of synaptic vesicles occur in the habenulae of both sides but we could not demonstrate a preferential localization of one particular type in specific habenular subnuclei. A feature common to all portions of the habenular complex is the presence of multilamellar astroglial formations wrapping cell bodies and synapses. PMID- 7210795 TI - Effect of hypophysectomy, thyroidectomy and adrenalectomy on the ultimobranchial gland of the lizard Uromastix hardwickii. AB - Hypophysectomy, thyroidectomy and chemical adrenalectomy failed to produce any changes in the plasma calcium and glandular structure of the ultimobranchial gland of the lizard, Uromastix hardwickii, suggesting the lack of its importance in control of ultimobranchial secretion. PMID- 7210796 TI - Studies of ultimobranchial body of Rana cyanophlyctis in response to experimental hypercalcaemia. AB - Hypercalcaemia (induced by calcium-rich environment and vitamin D2 treatment) activates the ultimobranchial body of Rana cyanophlyctis. This is expressed by hyperplasia of follicular cells, formation of secondary follicles and increased vascular supply to the UBB. This activity of the gland is to counteract hypercalcaemia. PMID- 7210797 TI - Neurosecretion in the frontal ganglion of Achoea janata Linn. and Philosamia ricini (Hutt.) (Lepidoptera). AB - The cytomorphology of the neurosecretory cells in the frontal ganglion of two Lepidopterous insects, Achoea janata and Philosamia ricini have been studied using PF, PARF and PAVB techniques. In the frontal ganglion of both the insects conspicuous 2 to 3 oval A-cells, staining deep purple and a number of B-cells staining green have been clearly observed. The A-cells have been observed to be located either in the centre or close to the root of the recurrent nerve or to the frontal ganglion connective. Both the A and B types of cells show a distinct cyclic change during larval development. The endocrine nature of frontal ganglion is clearly demonstrated. PMID- 7210798 TI - [Neuronal organization of the myenteric plexus (Auerbach) in the small intestine of the pig. I. Type I neurons]. AB - Examinations were done in silver impregnated strips of the small intestine of the pig. As a result of these findings we can state: 1. The real type I-neurons (according to Dogiel) are an integrated part (besides four other neuron-types) of the neuronal organization of the plexus myentericus (Auerbach). 2. There are uniaxonal multidendritic (short-dendritic) neurons, organized in aggregates as a rule. They are mainly found in the peripheric and oral parts of ganglia. The higher portion of neurits runs orally. These neurits form a type specific ascending tract. 3. The hitherto existing ideas on the neuronal organization of the intestinal nervous system are seriously doubted. PMID- 7210799 TI - The anatomy and histology of the ecdysial glands of Philosamia ricini (Hutt.) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) during the post embryonic development. AB - A comprehensive account of the anatomy and histophysiology of the ecdysial glands of Philosamia ricini during post embryonic development has been given. The study clearly indicates an increase in number of cells in each larval instar by endomitosis. The maximum number of cells are present in the 5th instar larvae. The cell size decreases before moulting in each instar. The size and shape of the cells of the glands vary considerably from individual to individual or even in the same individual. They are oval, elongate, polygonal in outline. Gland is collectively innervated by transverse nerves arising from the suboesophageal, prothoracic, mesothoracic and metathoracic ganglia as well as medial-1 and medial 2 nerves. The secretory activity of the glands is indicated by a large amount of cytoplasm with a developed brush border, having vacuoles at the periphery. The inactive glands have small amount of cytoplasm, without vacuoles and poorly developed brush border. The glands are absent in the newly moulted adults indicating that they degenerate before imaginal ecdysis. PMID- 7210800 TI - Ciliated receptors in the cruciform muscle sense organ of Scrobicularia plana (Da Costa) (Mollusca Lamellibranchia Tellinacea). AB - The ultrastructure of the cruciform muscle sense organ has been studied in Scrobicularia plana. Subepithelial neurons give rise to two different types of ciliated dendrite which pass through a thick basement membrane to insert between epithelial cells lining the sensory pit. Type I, comprising most dendrites have an elongated surface bearing up to 4 rows of 20 cilia, the basal bodies of which are linked in each row. These dendrites, it is suggested, receive unidirectional stimuli. Type II dendrites bear only one cilium surrounded by 9 peculiar microvilli embedded in a conspicuous glycocalyx. The efficient stimulus for this receptor is not known. The two different types possess cilia with (9 X 2) + 2 microtubuli, striated rootlets but no basal foot, surrounded by microvilli. PMID- 7210802 TI - Histomorphological studies of accessory organs of reproduction in male wild mouse. AB - Gross and microscopic anatomy of the accessory organs of male reproduction was studied in the wild mouse. A full quota of accessory organs was found in the wild mouse like that of the albino mouse. The weight of the testes as well as some accessory organs (seminal vesicle, ampullary gland, Cowper's gland and preputial gland) was lower as compared to the albino mouse. With regard to the microscopic anatomy no significant difference was marked between the wild and the albino mouse. But quantitative studies of epithelial tissue of these accessory organs revealed some differences. The relative amount of epithelial tissue was more in some organs, but less in others, in the wild mouse as compared to the albino mouse. These differences may be due to the difference in the species of the mouse studied. PMID- 7210801 TI - [Morphology of the pig liver after Fluosol infusion]. AB - About 500 ml of blood of young pigs weighing 20...25 mg were replaced by artificial blood substitute "Fluosol-DA 20%". Eight days after exchange the animals were sacrificed and the liver was fixed for electron microscopic investigation. The morphological studies showed Fluosol-droplets in the cytoplasma of parenchymal cells near the bile canaliculi and in the sinusoidal lining cells. Most Fluosol-droplets were found in the endothelial and Kupffer cells which both seemed to be completely filled. The ballooning of these cells often resulted in a partial occlusion of the sinusoids. The sinusoidal lining cells were saturated by Fluosol droplets to such an extent that they seemed to be unable to phagocytize further. PMID- 7210804 TI - Ultrastructure of the epithelium of the seminal vesicles after the application of the preparation stimulating the secretory function of the prostate gland. AB - In the electron microscopic picture of the seminal vesicles in rats some changes within Golgi apparatus and within vesicles of secreta were found after the application of preparation stimulating the secretory function of prostate an not being a hormone from the group of androgens. Hyperplasia of Golgi structures and changes of its localization in the cell as well as the increase in number and capacity of vesicles of secreta give evidence of the intensified secretory processes taking place in the cells of seminal vesicles. PMID- 7210806 TI - Membrane fusion and deformation of red blood cells by electric fields. AB - Human red blood cells suspended in a slightly hypotonic solution of low electric conductivity were exposed to an inhomogeneous and alternating electric field (sine wave, 30 V peak-to-peak value, electrode distance 120 microns, 0.5 to MHz). Due to the dielectrophoretic effect the cells align parallel to the field lines under the formation of pearl chains. At high voltages (10 V amplitude) membrane fusion is observed between the adhered red blood cells in the pearl chains, whereby the chains become attached to the electrodes. In contrast to the pearl chains observed at voltages of up to 5 V amplitude the resulting fused and uniform aggregates which exhibit no recognisable individual cells under the light microscope, remain stable, even after the alternating electric field has been switched off or after haemolysis in response to osmotic shock. The fused aggregates are highly elastic. If the field strength of the applied alternating electric field is further increased they are stretched in the direction of the opposite electrode. Frequently, bridges are formed between the two electrodes. The uniform bridges remain stable for some time even in the absence of an electric field. The possibility of cell fusion and its initiation by electrical breakdown of the cell membranes are discussed. PMID- 7210805 TI - Reovirus-specific messenger ribonucleoprotein particles from HeLa cells. AB - When reovirus-infected Hela cells are incubated at 43 degrees C virus-specific messenger RNA is released from the polysomes. It accumulates free in the cytoplasm as messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs). These particles have a sedimentation rate of about 50S and a buoyant density in CsCL of 1.42 g/cm3. Reovirus mRNPs contain, besides all three size classes of reovirus messenger RNA, the same spectrum of proteins found in the polysomal mRNPs from uninfected cells, plus two additional proteins with molecular masses of 70 000 d and 110 000 d, respectively. Electron microscopic examination of the reovirus mRNP fraction reveals specific Y-shaped structures with a total mean length of 0.5 micrometers. PMID- 7210807 TI - [Sedative-hypnotic compounds in the exhalation of hops, II]. AB - Hops are told to promote sleep; manyfold efforts to detect the soporific principle have been unsuccessful so far. Preliminary pharmacological tests lead to the conclusion that the soporific activity of the exhalation of hops can be explained by its content of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (1) in the volatile fraction. It was found that 1, when given to mice i.p. (0.80 g/kg) produces narcosis for about 8 h; no abnormal behaviour was observed there upon. Due to its water solubility the concentration of 1 in the essential oil obtained by steam distillation is low; contrary to that, 1, is enriched in the more volatile fraction of hops. PMID- 7210808 TI - Small-angle X-ray scattering studies on the X-ray aggregation of malate synthase. Computer simulations and models. AB - Malate synthase undergoes an X-ray induced aggregation which can be monitored in situ by small-angle X-ray scattering; the analysis of scattering curves, taken at subsequent stages of aggregation, has led to the establishment of a tentative model for an aggregation in two dimensions (Zipper and Durchschlag (1980) Rad. and Environm. Biophys., in press). This model was checked by comparison of appropriate theoretical curves with the experimental curves. The theoretical scattering curves for this comparison were obtained by weighted averaging over the scattering curves calculated for various species of hypothetical aggregates. Based on the approximation of the unaggregated enzyme particle by an oblate cylinder, the aggregates were assumed to be composed of 2, 3, 4 or 6 of such cylinders, associated side-by-side in one and later on in two linear rows. THe weight fractions of the species were chosen so, that an optimum fit of the experimental mean radii of gyration and mean degrees of aggregation was achieved. The distance distribution functions calculated for the model are very similar to the functions derived from the scattering experiment. Cross-section Guinier plots of the scattering curves of the model reveal the occurrence of one and later on of two pseudo cross-section factors similar to those observed in the experimental scattering curves. The pseudo thickness factor of the model of the unaggregated particle is found to be retained in the model curves for all stages of aggregation. From these results it can be concluded that the model for the aggregation process is essentially consistent with the scattering behaviour of the aggregating enzyme. Small differences between the theoretical and experimental curves may be explained by the idealizations of the model. The comparison of theoretical curves for alternative models, assuming aggregation in three dimensions, suggests that these models are unlikely, though small amounts of three-dimensional aggregates cannot be ruled out completely. PMID- 7210809 TI - Quantitative investigations on the diaplacental transfer of thallium by field desorption mass spectrometry. AB - The placental transfer of thallium cations in pregnant mice was investigated by determining the thallium concentrations in fetal and maternal tissue 0.5 to 24 h after application of thallium. The maternal dose of thallium was 8 mg/kg body weight throughout. Uterus and fetus were found not to differ from other organs like heart and liver in time course and magnitude of thallium uptake with an initial surge during the first few hours of exposure to thallium and a rapid decrease to steady 12 and 24 h values somewhat lower than those found in the kidney. Diaplacental transfer is therefore assumed comparatively rapid and a specific placental barrier for thallium does not seem to exist. For the determination of thallium concentrations Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry was utilized as a reliable, fast and sensitive method for the analysis of metal cations in biological material. This method does not require extensive pretreatment of the tissue and total sample amounts in the range of milligrams and less are sufficient for quantitative analysis. PMID- 7210803 TI - [Evolution of encapsulated sensory nerve endings in the hairless part of the lips of mammals]. AB - The simple cylindrical end-bulb is the unique type of encapsulated receptors of the hairless part of the lips in Rodentia, Carnivora and Ruminantia. For the first time, more complex sensory structures have been established in Apes. Having regard to the terminal nerve arborization, three types of sensory corpuscles can be differentiated. The 1st one is the transitional type between the simple end bulb and more complicated receptors in Primates. The terminal nerve fibres are very thick and simply convoluted. The 2nd type comprises thick nerve coils surrounded by intermingled thin nerve branches. The 3rd type contains mainly thin nerve branches which form twisty configuration. Meissner's corpuscles have been proved only in Primates - Apes and Man. The results give strong evidence that the complex structure of apes sensory corpuscles is an quantitative evolutionary improvement. The man encapsulated receptors do not differ substantially from apes corpuscles. In other words, the man evolution does not present so significant evolutionary leap as the apes do. PMID- 7210810 TI - Highly efficient purificaton of the labile plant enzyme 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.24) by means of monoclonal antibodies. AB - 5-Aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) from spinach (Spinatia oleracea) was isolated by affinity purification on an immunoabsorbens with a yield of 70 to 80% of the activity in the crude enzyme preparation. The enzyme eluted from the immunoabsorbens was pure as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and is a hexamer with a subunit molecular weight of about 50 000. Enzyme bound to the immunoabsorbens was able to synthesize porphobilinogen in a continuous manner. Owing to the lability of the enzyme and its low abundance in plant tissue, we have been unable to obtain similar yields of purified enzyme using classical purification procedures. This highly efficient purification was made possible by using monoclonal antibodies as described by Kohler and Milstein (Nature 256, 495 (1975)). The availability of monoclonal antibodies meant that it was not necessary to purify the enzyme to homogeneity by classical means in order to raise an antiserum specific for ALAD. Sixteen clones of cells producing antibodies against ALAD were selected. They all expressed a chi light chain but differed in the heavy chain class which was eigher gamma 1 or gamma 2a. The availability of pure ALAD enzyme and of highly specific antibodies against the enzyme now enables us to answer questions concerning properties, localization, intercellular transport and evolution of ALAD. It is clear that the technique used and the questions asked are not restricted to ALAD. PMID- 7210811 TI - [In vivo and in vitro hydroxylation of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in rats after liver damage and starvation (author's transl)]. AB - The in vivo C-2-hydroxylation of testosterone and 5-dihydrotestosterone in rats was measured by labilisation of tritium as HTO after injection of [1 alpha, 2 alpha-T]testosterone or [1 alpha, 2 alpha-T]5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (radiospirometry). After experimental liver damage caused by CCl4 or after starvation for 60 h the hydroxylation of the androgens decreased. Similar results were gained by measuring the C-2-hydroxylation of testosterone, 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone and estradiol. PMID- 7210812 TI - Folding and association of triose phosphate isomerase from rabbit muscle. AB - The enzymatic activity and quaternary structure of rabbit muscle triose phosphate isomerase remains unchanged in the concentration range from 2 micrograms/ml to 2 ng/ml. In this concentration range the enzyme can be reactivated after dissociation and denaturation in 6.5 M guanidine hydrochloride. Removal of the denaturant by dilution and separation of inactive wrong aggregates (5-20%) lead back to active dimers, indistinguishable from the native enzymes as far as enzymatic and physicochemical properties are concerned. Based on the long term stability of the enzyme, the reactivation kinetics were analyzed at low concentrations and 0 degrees C, conditions where the association of inactive monomers to active dimers is predominant in the process of reactivation. The concentration dependence of the rate of reactivation and the kinetic profiles could be described by a consecutive first-order folding and second-order association reaction scheme with the rate constants kuni = 1.9 X 10(-2)s-1 and kbi = 3 X 10(5) M x s-1. This implies that the folded monomers of triose phosphate isomerase, which are intermediate states during reconstitution, cannot possess appreciable enzymatic activity. PMID- 7210813 TI - Binding of polylysine and ethidium bromide to nucleosomal DNA: comparison of biochemical and electron microscopical results. AB - Ethidium bromide and polylysine interact with nucleosomal DNA and lead to change of biochemical properties and to morphological changes as to the distance between the two core particles of a nucleosome dimer. With increasing polylysine concentration, the buoyant density of nucleosomes decrease and the accessibility of the nucleosomal DNA to micrococcal nuclease is lowered. Electron microscopy of polylysine treated nucleosome dimers reveals a shortening of the internucleosomal distance as compared with controls. Treatment of nucleosomes with ethidium bromide leads to an enhanced accessibility of the nucleosomal DNA to micrococcal nuclease. Electron microscopy reveals an increase in length of the DNA connecting the two nucleosome cores in the presence of the dye. Both the binding of polylysine and the treatment with ethidium bromide apparently do not affect the histone arrangement within the nucleosome core as suggested by chemical cross linking of histones and DNA with formaldehyde, and no obvious morphological change of the nucleosome cores can be observed. PMID- 7210814 TI - Specific positional distribution of acyl moieties in phospholipids is not generally deleted in neoplastic cells. AB - The distribution of acyl moieties at sn-1 and sn-2 positions of cholinphosphoglycerides (CPG) and ethanolaminephosphoglycerides (EPG) has been determined for neurosarcoma, sarcoma 180 and leukemia L 1210. In all the three samples, the positional distribution of acyl moieties in the two major classes of phospholipids is found to be similar to that in cellular phospholipids of most mammalian tissues. The saturated acyl moieties are located predominantly at sn-1 and polyunsaturated acyl moieties at sn-2, whereas the monounsaturated acyl moieties are randomly distributed between these two positions. Apparently, a disruption of specific positioning of acyl moieties in phospholipids, which hitherto has been considered to be a general metabolic deletion in neoplasia, does not exist in an all neoplastic cells. PMID- 7210815 TI - Effect of mebendazole against Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena cysts in naturally infected sheep and relevance to larval tapeworm infections in man. AB - The ability of three treatment schedules of mebendazole to kill well-established hydatid cysts was studied. Pregnant sheep, naturally infected with Echinococcus granulosus and/or Taenia hydatigena, were treated daily with mebendazole at a dose rate of 50 mg/kg body weight for either five days, one month, or three months. At autopsy, seven months after the commencement of treatment, no evidence was found that the 5-day treatment schedule had any damaging effect on E. granulosus cysts. The effects of the one month treatment were equivocal. There was evidence of a damaging effect from the 3-month treatment schedule and protoscoleces were not infective to dogs. No T. hydatigena cysts survived the 1- and 3-month treatments, but organisms from the 5-day treatment were infective to dogs. These results for E. granulosus in sheep suggest that long-term treatment with mebendazole may be required in hydatid disease in man. The results obtained for T. hydatigena in sheep are discussed in relation to the treatment of cysticercosis from T. solium in man. Mebendazole showed no untoward effect on the sheep or their lambs. PMID- 7210816 TI - Experimental Ancylostoma tubaeforme infection of cats: changes in blood values and worm burden in relation to single infections of varying size. AB - Worm-free cats about 12 weeks old were infected with 100, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 third-stage larvae (L3) of Ancylostoma tubaeforme. The changes in packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin content were monitored, and the worm populations developing in each infection recorded. Cats receiving infection doses of 1,000 L3 and above showed morbidity symptoms by the third week and a rapid decline especially in the PCV value. The low dose rates (500 L3 and below) produced an apparently symptomless condition without pronounced changes in the blood values. Adult hookworm populations were linearly related to the logarithm of the dose of infective larvae administered, but there was a lower female to male ratio (FMR) at high dose levels. No significant size differences were observed in the adult hookworm populations. PMID- 7210817 TI - Anti-oncospheral antibodies in the serum of lambs experimentally infected with either Taenia ovis or Taenia hydatigena. AB - Using a peroxidase micro-enzyme--linked--immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method anti oncospheral antibodies were demonstrated in sera from four lambs after primary and challenge infections with Taenia ovis or T. hydatigena. Antibodies assayed using homologous oncospheral antigen (OA) reached a peak by 3-4 weeks after primary infection and at 1-3 weeks post-challenge infection, but waned to pre infective, "background" levels by 8-12 weeks after each infection. Antibodies assayed against antigens in strobilar or cystic larval extracts persisted for long periods after the initial infections and exhibited different kinetics of response from those demonstrated against OA. These antibodies showed increased levels after challenge infection. Oncospheral antigens did not seem to be species specific although they appeared to elicit a stage-specific response. It is suggested that the anti-oncospheral antibody response could be associated with protective or "functional" antibody. PMID- 7210818 TI - Detection of antibodies against circulating cathodic antigen of Schistosoma mansoni using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - The applicability of a Schistosoma mansoni polysaccharide antigen, circulating cathodic antigen (CCA), for the detection of antibodies in S. mansoni infection was tested in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies against this secretory antigen were detected in hamster infections after three weeks, while in infected humans anti-CCA antibodies could be demonstrated eight weeks after infection. Antibodies could be demonstrated both in recent and chronic infections in man, but more false-negative results were observed in chronic infections. The antibody response was composed of both IgM and IgG antibodies. PMID- 7210822 TI - [Study model for examination of psychotropic drugs in the medical practice]. PMID- 7210821 TI - [An ultrastructural study of spermatogenesis in Trichinella spiralis Owen 1835 (Nematode Trichuroide) (author's transl)]. AB - The ultrastructural study of spermatogenesis in T. spiralis demonstrated the main characteristics of the male germ cells in the class Nematoda, i.e. lack of flagella, lack of reconstitution of the nuclear envelope after the meiotic divisions, and atypical structure of the centriole. The spermatozoon of T. spiralis was compared with previous classifications of the nematoda spermatozoa. PMID- 7210820 TI - Host-parasite relationship of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. 2. Angiotropic behaviour and abnormal site development. AB - Migratory young fifth-stage Angiostrongylus cantonensis transplanted intracranially into recipient rats were found to reach the lungs 3-4 days later by randomly entering cerebral veins. However, worms which were transplanted close to extracranial veins such as the jugular and femoral veins, or into the pleural and peritoneal cavities failed to enter these blood vessels. Third-stage larvae were capable of infecting rats via skin wounds. Protease activity was not detected around young fifth and third-stage larvae incubated on gelatin films. The migratory young fifth-stage worms underwent a significant growth and completed development of their reproductive system during the first week after transplantation into pleural and peritoneal cavities and subcutaneous tissues where some survived for as long as 60 days. Oviposition also occurred in the pleural cavity. PMID- 7210823 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7210819 TI - Experimental infections of laboratory rodents with recently isolated stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. 2. Histopathological investigations. AB - Histopathological findings on brain, heart, liver, and spleen of albino rats and white mice, infected with different stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense of human origin are presented. Classical brain lesions, including chronic inflammation of the choroid plexuses, were observed in all infected animals, the severity of which increased with the chronicity of the disease. Parasite stocks which gave rise to a less acute course of the disease more often induced myocarditis, while brain lesions were less pronounced, suggesting that virulence of the parasites is more closely related to the advent of myocarditis than to the appearance of brain lesions. Liver lesions were not obvious. In spleens, a variable and often very pronounced degree of lymphoid hyperplasia was observed. PMID- 7210824 TI - [Medical and biological research. Between crisis and new horizons]. PMID- 7210825 TI - [Diagnosis of varicose veins]. PMID- 7210826 TI - [Current viewpoints on sclerotherapy]. PMID- 7210827 TI - [Various viewpoints on varicose surgery 1980]. PMID- 7210829 TI - [Obesity. An unsolved problem in practice]. PMID- 7210828 TI - [Emergencies in childhood]. PMID- 7210830 TI - [Nuclear medical diagnosis. Indications and value]. PMID- 7210831 TI - [The operated breast cancer. Control and adjuvant chemotherapy]. PMID- 7210832 TI - [Differential diagnosis of polyarthritis and polyarthrosis]. PMID- 7210833 TI - [Bechterew's disease and sacroiliitis syndrome. Early and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7210834 TI - [Conservative treatment of chronic polyarthritis. A practical review]. PMID- 7210835 TI - [Surgical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7210837 TI - [Immunohematology: plasmapheresis. Therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 7210836 TI - [Application of immunoglobulins in practice]. PMID- 7210838 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis. Example of an immunovasculitis]. PMID- 7210840 TI - Acute renal failure and hepatitis in infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7210841 TI - Epiphysiolysis in rickets. AB - Presented is a case demonstrating slipped capital femoral and capital humeral epiphyses. The physician should keep in mind not only that slipped capital femoral epiphyses may indicate renal osteodystrophy but that epiphysiolysis elsewhere is increasingly a recognized finding in this entity. PMID- 7210839 TI - Considerations in psychosomatic illness. PMID- 7210843 TI - Can you diagnosis this? Posterior pericardial effusion. PMID- 7210842 TI - Non-union of a closed fracture in a child's femoral shaft. AB - A 7-year-old child sustained a non-union of a closed fracture of the femoral shaft following conventional treatment by traction and casting. Evaluation revealed a false aneurysm of the superficial femoral artery at the level of the fracture as the cause of non-union. Vascular repair resulted in a stable union of the femur. Non-union of a closed shaft fracture in children is an unusual event and demands thorough evaluation to find the etiologic agent. PMID- 7210845 TI - Health care costs: a practicing physician's viewpoint. PMID- 7210844 TI - Neonatal tetanus. PMID- 7210846 TI - Sees heavy price in ketone-producing diets. PMID- 7210847 TI - Glaucoma: a review and guide to detection. PMID- 7210848 TI - A general radiologist looks at congestive heart failure. AB - Congestive heart failure may be difficult to detect. Determination of cardiac size is untrustworthy. Changes in the hili (vessels, bronchi) are reliable. Pulmonary edema may be atypical. Vascular redistribution must be interpreted accurately. Congestive changes with chronic obstructive lung disease may be difficult or impossible to detect. Pleural fluid may present atypically. Changes in pleural surfaces other than in bases produce "new" signs. PMID- 7210849 TI - The trend to outpatient care: I. "In-and-out" surgery. AB - At Stuart Circle Hospital, one-day surgery has proved safe, cost effective, and acceptable to both surgeons and patients. Because no additional equipment is required, a similar program can be established in any hospital without great expenditure. PMID- 7210850 TI - II. Ambulatory cardiac catheterization. AB - The experience of the Virginia Heart Institute should encourage Virginia's hospitals, planning agencies and physicians to consider ambulatory catheterization as a cost effective method for the early identification of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7210851 TI - Gelfoam embolization complicated by splenic abscess. PMID- 7210852 TI - Serving a locum tenens in Virginia's statehouse. PMID- 7210853 TI - Dying on the highways: Virginia's children. PMID- 7210854 TI - Cerebellar hemangioblastomas and von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. PMID- 7210855 TI - Diagnosis and management of endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 7210856 TI - Pulmonary embolism: a systematic clinical approach. PMID- 7210857 TI - Grand Rounds: Acute encephalitis with mycoplasma infection. PMID- 7210858 TI - Cancer trends: the potential of radiation modifiers. PMID- 7210859 TI - [Role of acetylcholine, catecholamines and serotonin in the regulation of systemic and portal circulation]. PMID- 7210861 TI - [Effect of chemotherapy on the growth of human gastrointestinal tumor strains]. PMID- 7210860 TI - [Transplantation of human tumors into athymic mice and the production of tumor strains]. PMID- 7210862 TI - [Problem of prolongation of human life (various social and philosophical aspects)]. PMID- 7210864 TI - [Modelling chronic allergic dermatitis]. PMID- 7210863 TI - [Bound IgG, IgM, IgA and complement in the epidermis of the growth zone of skin tumors]. PMID- 7210865 TI - [Principles of photochemotherapy and of the determination of the initial dosage of long-wave ultraviolet rays in the photochemotherapy (PUVA) method of treatment]. PMID- 7210866 TI - [Urogenital halprowiasis (chlamydiosis). The morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the causative agent]. PMID- 7210867 TI - [Case of symmetrical progressive lipodystrophy]. PMID- 7210868 TI - [Clinical aspects of Darier's dyskeratosis follicularis vegetans]. PMID- 7210869 TI - [Use of different drug forms of novobiocin in dermatological practice]. PMID- 7210870 TI - [Delagil superdiadynamophoresis in the overall health resort therapy of children with scleroderma]. PMID- 7210872 TI - [Intraosseous method of administering amphotericin B experimentally]. PMID- 7210871 TI - [Immunological characteristics of the parallergic reactions developing in a combination of experimental mycosis and dermatitis due to dinitrochlorobenzene]. PMID- 7210873 TI - [Seronegative forms of latent syphilis]. PMID- 7210874 TI - [Treatment of latent syphilis]. PMID- 7210875 TI - [A case of late congenital syphilis with gummatous manifestations]. PMID- 7210876 TI - [Gangrenous, sloughing hard chancre]. PMID- 7210877 TI - [Adrenal cortex glucocorticoid hormone excretion in children suffering from diffuse neurodermatitis]. PMID- 7210878 TI - [Inhibition of allergic reactions to polymer fractions with low molecular weight]. PMID- 7210879 TI - [An effective way of training physicians for central hospitals]. PMID- 7210880 TI - [Use of zinc preparations in children with disseminated forms of alopecia areata]. PMID- 7210881 TI - [Treatment of psoriatic erythroderma with actinated fluids under arctic conditions]. PMID- 7210883 TI - [Role of bacterial allergy in the etiology of vasculitis]. PMID- 7210882 TI - [Method of studying oxygen tension in the skin of patients with itching dermatoses by means of mathematical analysis]. PMID- 7210884 TI - [Lewandowski-Lutz syndrome (epidermodysplasia verruciformis)]. PMID- 7210885 TI - [Pads upon the finger joints]. PMID- 7210886 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of chronic pyococcal leg ulcer]. PMID- 7210888 TI - [Verrucous spinous-cell carcinoma developed in the course of condylomata acuminata]. PMID- 7210887 TI - [Fibroplastic induration of the penis: Peyronie's disease]. PMID- 7210889 TI - [Dermatophytes in Bashkiria during the past 32 years (1947-1978)]. PMID- 7210890 TI - [Leukocyte agglomeration reaction in chronic endocervicites in female gonorrhea carriers]. PMID- 7210892 TI - Concepts in community participation: a case of sanitary change in a Guatemalan village. PMID- 7210891 TI - [Oral cancer and precancer. Ultrastructural and immunopathologic aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210893 TI - [Isolation and characterisation of L-ascorbic acid oxidase (EC 1.10.3.3) from wheat flour (author's transl)]. AB - Wheat flour (Caribo, 0.55% ash) is extracted with 0.4 M-NaCl-solution, the L ascorbic acid oxidase precipitated with (NH4)2SO4 and this concentrate separated by thinlayer isoelectric focussing on polyacrylamid- and dextrangel. 8-12 active fractions (isoenzymes) are detected with a high specifity for L-ascorbic acid in respect in L-isoascorbic acid activity). The molecular weights are 165,000 175,000 (determined by dextran gel-thin layer chromatography). In fresh flour the activity is near 28 mg L-ascorbic acid per kg flour in 30 min, after 30 days the activity has diminished to 5% after 60 days no activity is detectable. PMID- 7210894 TI - [Comparative investigations of partial amino acid sequences of prolamines and glutelins from cereals. II. Fractionation of glutelins (author's transl)]. AB - Glutelins of wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, sorghum and maize, which remain as residual proteins after extraction of defatted flours with water, salt solution and aqueous ethanol, were successively extracted with dilute acetic acid. Protein distribution and amino acid composition differ greatly with wheat, rye, barley, oats and rice and depend on the number of extraction steps and the concentration of acid used. The glutelins of sorghum and maize are only slightly soluble in acetic acid. In the case of barley glutelin fractions with very different compositions were obtained. The solubility of wheat and maize glutelins was examined in disulfide reducing and surface active agents. Wheat glutelin but not maize glutelin is soluble in HgCl2- and 2-mercaptoethanol solutions. A mixture of 2-mercaptoethanol and sodium dodecylsulfate is an excellent solvent for both glutelins. PMID- 7210896 TI - Sulphur requirements of growing and lactating cross-bred cows (Brown Swiss x Sahiwal). PMID- 7210895 TI - [Energy losses in feces, urine and methane through different feeding frequencies in lactating and non-lactating cattle]. PMID- 7210897 TI - Fat in the diet of piglets in relation to the occurrence of steatorrhoea. PMID- 7210898 TI - Effect of intramammary infusion of colchicine on mammary blood flow in lactating goats. PMID- 7210899 TI - Correlation between vitamin-A content of the liver and osmotic behaviour of hepatic mitochondria in rats fed at different levels of dietary protein. PMID- 7210900 TI - [Cu, Zn, Ni and Mn content of sow's milk in the course of lactation in different trace element supplementation]. PMID- 7210901 TI - [Digestibility and balance of proteins, energy and several minerals in fumaric acid supplementation in piglets]. PMID- 7210902 TI - Interaction between sugars and amino acid transport systems as the intestinal brush border. PMID- 7210903 TI - Protein synthesis in vitro after cryopreservation of rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 7210904 TI - [Energy transformation and energy metabolism in non-lactating and lactating cows on different feeding schedules]. PMID- 7210905 TI - [Theory and therapy of psychosomatic disorders]. AB - Given the specific problems of the physically sick, the psychoanalytical therapy of psychosomatic patients normally calls for modification of therapy concepts that have proved viable for patients with mental disorders (neuroses) alone. The patients' difficulty in experiencing and expressing the experience of feelings as well as the fixation on one kind of physical complaint render it essential that the patient be unconditionally "accepted" and offered translation aids so that within the patient-doctor relationship the "mute" physical complaints can be assisted towards verbalisation and new emotional experiencing. The special kind of therapy form indicated is determined by the extent of healthy personality elements. Here, in addition to non-verbal procedures, techniques as combined inpatient-outpatient group psychotherapy, the subject of the present follow up study, have proved to be helpful. PMID- 7210906 TI - [The so-called specificity question - the relation between psycho- and somatoneurotic disorders and social factors]. AB - The studies have confirmed distinct relations between specific clinical pictures and social factors, not only concerning the distinction between somato- and psychoneurosis, but also with regard to the differentiation of a number of established clinical pictures. PMID- 7210907 TI - [Between inside and outside: the double orientation of social climbers]. AB - This paper is concerned with patients whose success and prestige aspirations are oddly connected to "failures". At a first glance, these behavioral patterns resemble a form of "failure at success" and have a particular bearing upon the patient's professional field. These patients who have grown up in working-class families, are attempting to escape the social surroundings of their origin and attain higher status through university education. The development of all these patients proceeded under relatively similar conditions: Relatively impermeable boundaries were found to exist between the interior of their families of origin, which were considered to be "morally better", and the social environment, which, distorted through projection, was perceived as "dangerous" and "bad"; the children's social radius of experience was largely limited to the private sphere of the family; as a result, their ego development remained partially impaired. The children were commissioned by their parents to carry out contradictory missions which, on an intra-psychic level, resulted in inconsistent egoideal demands. The children are all the less capable of carrying out the mission of success commissioned by the parents due to the fact that an adequate inner familial offer of operative modes of identification--in the sense of "this is how it can be done" (Hoffmann, Trimborn, 1979)--is for the most part lacking. This results in narcissitic crises. Particularly in the psychosocial field of their professional lives these patients have developed a unique adjustment pattern which is distinguished by an entanglement of their efforts at professional success and reputation with occupations considered to be of "no avail" but which serve to maintain undissolved infantile object fixations. This adjustment pattern is the more stable the better efforts at success and infantile object fixations can be accommodated for in the same social role. PMID- 7210908 TI - [Verbal behavior and communication experience of psychosomatic patients in the first psychoanalytic interview in connection with the concept of "pensee operatoire']. AB - This pilot-study was concerned with differences in speech behaviour and communication as experienced in psychoanalytically oriented initial interviews. In line with the ideas of Marty, Fain, de M'Uzan, David and Sami-Ali, 38 patients were divided into 3 diagnostic groups according to the extent of "pensee operatoire" and the level of functioning of the psychic sphere in each case. The communication experienced was recorded with the help of a communication questionnaire developed in Giessen. The speech behaviour for the interview as a whole and in its development over time was registered automatically and record in 29 categories by the Giessen Speech Analyzer. The following results are reported: --The two groups with more extensive "pensee operatoire" (A1, A2) differed from the character-neurotic patients in 13 of the 29 speech categories registered. The differences between groups A1 and A2 were not significant. --The communication as experienced by the patients did not differ between groups, but the therapist experienced the patients from the 3 diagnostic groups differently. The information gathered from the therapist in the communication questionnaire agreed by and large with the data collected automatically. --For the development of the interview over time, characteristic changes in the frequency of various speech categories were found but these were in the main unrelated to the diagnostic groupings. PMID- 7210909 TI - [Illness symptoms and narcissistic object relations in patients with ulcerative colitis]. AB - We have taken the results from a comparison between 47 patients with ulcerative colitis and so-called "healthy" controls using a semantic differential and the "Freiburger Beschwerdeliste" to investigate the relationship between loss of the narcissistic object and physical complaints. The colitis-patients differ significantly from the controls in virtually all of their complaints, which prove to be independent of the duration of illness. The patients feel themselves more alienated from their "key figure", their narcistic objects. This alienation is correlated positively to the severity of their various complaints. Ailments of the alimentary chanal are an exception: here we only find such a correlation for patients whose illness lasted less than 3 years. We presume that ulcerative colitis may be initiated by a loss of the "key figure", but that physical processes may then determine the further course of the illness. PMID- 7210910 TI - [Personality-specific disposition to stomach cancer]. AB - 24 patients (10 female and 14 male) with a histologically evident stomach cancer underwent a series of psychoanalytical interviews and psychological tests (TAT). The method consisted of an analysis of early childhood conditions, the structure of personality, the object relationships, as well as the psychic causes for the stomach cancer. Among the results was that the loss of one parent or an equivalent early loss was significantly more frequent in stomach cancer patients than in the average population. Their predominant sibling position was the so called sandwich-position. In regard to the structure of personality a constantly persisting false assimilation of inner conflicts presents itself as the essential item of the premorbid structure. The initiating factor for the stomach cancer was a statistically significantly often experienced severe trauma based on a significantly often experienced object loss, especially during childhood, as well as on a family disposition in the relation of 1:50. In addition to that the following conspicuous features were responsible for the formation of the stomach cancer: A persisting problem of separation (Oedipus conflicts), a resignation in an apathetic reaction (excessive demands), an inability to release aggression in a "normal" way and a direction of the aggression against the person himself. PMID- 7210911 TI - [Belief in reincarnation (the "ogba nje" phenomenon) and its significance for psychotherapy in Nigeria]. AB - The Phenomenon OGBA NJE was described by 25 elderly men from Enugu (township N = 10) and Amaofuo (village N = 15) in Nigeria as follows: It means coming again. One who returns. The human being comes back to this life after death. Sometimes people coming back arrange to come to life together under certain conditions e.g. like living only 20 years and dying together therafter, not to have children, not to marry or to perform very specific tasks and returning again etc. Should a member under such a contract not wish to keep to it any longer while alive, the other members of the agreement will harrass the one living. This is manifested in various forms of mysterious and pathological behaviours. The native doctor diagnoses this disturbance mostly through handreading. He can heal OGBA NJE by freeing the patient from the agreement. The authors however believe that OGBA NJE is a native way of explaining and healing mental disturbances. 2 out of 20 cases documented within the period of 1 year and successfully treated by Psychotherapy are presented as illustration. PMID- 7210912 TI - [Post-traumatic axis deflection in the frontal and sagittal plane after elbow injuries in children. Etiology, course and primary therapy]. PMID- 7210913 TI - [Conservative and surgical treatment of juvenile elbow fractures]. PMID- 7210914 TI - [Hoffmann's fixateur externe in the treatment of Pouteau-Colles fractures]. PMID- 7210915 TI - [Medical aspects of avalanche accidents: hypothermia and frostbite]. PMID- 7210916 TI - [Lethal hypothermia]. PMID- 7210917 TI - [Angiological aspects of local frostbite]. PMID- 7210918 TI - [Frostbite in the high mountains]. PMID- 7210919 TI - [10 years of mountaineering accidents in a district hospital. Is there a "dying on time"?]. PMID- 7210920 TI - [Clinical testing of the Baycast plastic supportive bandage in winter sport injuries]. PMID- 7210921 TI - [Psychosocial aspects of the predialytic phase in the treatment of prospective dialysis patients]. AB - In the renal dispensary of the medical polyclinic of the County Hospital Cottbus 6 physicians care for 3,640 patients. Here a group of 74 prospective dialysis patients plays a particular role, who are systematically prepared to the dialysis by psychosocial care measures by a team, consisting of the physician, the psychologist, the social worker and the assistant dietician. The care system became possible by the concentration of this group of patients in the county dispensary and it gives the therapy team the necessary time for the solution of the specific tasks. By the findings and experiences established in the result of this team work a decisive influence may be done on the later conduction of the patients in the dialysis programme. PMID- 7210922 TI - [Distal form of renal tubular acidosis and nephrolithiasis]. AB - The distal form of the renal tubular acidosis is a causal factor of the formation of phosphate calculi which is not tao be neglected. Pathophysiology, diagnostics and therapy of the renal tubular acidosis are described under the point of view of the metaphylaxis of urinary calculi. The paraclinical findings of 7 patients with distal renal tubular acidosis and nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, respectively, are discussed. PMID- 7210923 TI - [Practical experiences in the execution of transurethral prostate resection]. AB - In comparison to the open adenomectomy the transurethral electroresection of the prostate demands extraordinarily high technical abilities of the operator and at the same time he is confronted with a considerable psychic and physical stress. But almost inversely proportional to this personal engagement is the minimum stress of the patient after operation, the nursing staff and the economy of the hospital. From the point of view of a clinical urological department with a profile of general care the author adopts a definite attitude to the problems of the establishment of the transurethral electroresection of the prostate. PMID- 7210924 TI - [Determination of urine volume in the renal pelvis-calyx system using the urogram]. AB - In the planimetric establishments of surfaces and the determination of the volume of casts of the renal calyces a linear connection is the result with high statistical security. Thus with an adequate correction of the standard exact data of volume are possible by measurements of the urogram. PMID- 7210925 TI - [Simulation of the urological disease picture in pre-existing basic urological disease]. AB - It is reported on four urological clinical pictures which were simulated in different conflict situations by the patient or his parents. On account of the known basic disease the diagnosing is made difficult. Possible causes are discussed. The therapy may be successful only in cooperation with a psychiatrist or psychologist. The refusing behaviour of the patients often renders impossible a final clarification. PMID- 7210926 TI - [The circumcaval ureter--etiology, diagnosis and therapy]. AB - The circumcaval course of the ureter can no more be regarded as a urological rarity. Primarily a disturbance of the development of veins in the 6th to 8th fetal week is present. A division in 2 forms of the course of the retrocaval ureter is possible. In addition to the pathologic course the type 1 still shows a disease of the precaval segment. The two forms are demonstrated with the help of own observations. According to the opinion of the authors the two types must be differentiated before operation and must be removed by different operation techniques. Associated malformations must be taken into consideration. PMID- 7210927 TI - [Paravesical neurinoma]. AB - It is reported on a solitary, benign, retrovesical neurinoma in a 19-year-old male. To our knowledge the case in question is a first description. Diagnosis and therapy are discussed. PMID- 7210928 TI - [An organ-preserving operation in primary ureteral cancer]. AB - The authors report on a recidivation-free case of a ureter carcinoma operated by resection of the ureter and following plastics after Boari. The necessity of the revision of the nephro-ureterectomy which at present is already generally valid in the treatment of this disease is explained. The authors are of the opinion that the operation preserving the organ agrees with the principles of the carcinoma surgery also in cases of a tumour of the ureter. PMID- 7210929 TI - [Handbook for the general physician. I]. PMID- 7210930 TI - [Regeneration of liver cells in man (author's transl)]. AB - Reparative processes were studied in bioptic specimens of liver taken from 257 patients with acute or chronic liver diseases. Figures of mitosis, binuclear and polyploid hepatocytes served as criteria of regeneration. Intensive reparative processes that remarkably surpass the physiological regeneration of the organ were shown in various liver diseases. Intracellular regeneration was the leading process. This causes the compensation organ function. PMID- 7210931 TI - [Rare lipomatous lesions of the thyroid gland, the uterus and the heart (author's transl)]. AB - Rare lipomatous lesions are described which were found in a thyroid gland with amyloidosis, in a leiomyoma of the uterus, and in a cicatrix of a myocardial infarction. Semithin and ultrathin sections revealed intracytoplasmatic fat droplets of varying diameter in smooth muscle cells of the uterine myoma as well as in fibroblasts/cytes of the thyroid gland. Regressive changes may be the reason for fat deposition in these cells thus that they cannot be distinguished from original fat cells by means of light microscopy. PMID- 7210932 TI - [IgA nephropathy in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - Report on a diabetic patient with IgA nephropathy whose kidneys were examined by biopsy four times during a period of four years. Morphologically the typical findings were observed: Outstanding deposits of IgA, hypercellularity and increase of matrix within the mesangium. The findings persisted during the period of observation. The differential diagnosis between IgA nephropathy and a slight diffuse glomerulosclerosis in diabetes mellitus is discussed. IgA nephropathy is diagnosed with certainty only by the aid of immunohistology. PMID- 7210933 TI - [Lethal courses of gas gangrene infections in autopsy cases (author's transl)]. AB - 15 cases of lethal gas gangrene infections were found in 15,024 autopsies from 1970 to 1975. The infection mode via gastro-intestinal tract is very likely in two thirds of the cases. In particular tumor diseases of intestine are able to yield these base for gas gangrene infection by infiltration of the muscular system in the abdomen. PMID- 7210934 TI - [Interstitial cell tumors of the testis in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7210935 TI - [The differential diagnosis of follicular adenomas and carcinomas in fine needle biopsies of the thyroid gland by means of automatic image analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Problems in discriminating follicular adenomas from carcinomas in fine needle biopsy material of the thyroid gland by means of conventional microscopy led us to perform morphometric analyses. Applying a microscopic image analysis system for automatically recording of smears of the thyroid gland that were obtained from fine needle biopsies, it seemed possible to analyse "follicular neoplasias". However, in order to get statistical assurance, a larger number of samples remains to be investigated. The usefulness of the method is to be confirmed by its routine application. PMID- 7210937 TI - [Radiation protection in radiological technology]. PMID- 7210938 TI - [Specialty knowledge of persons responsible for radiation protection]. PMID- 7210939 TI - [License in accordance with paragraph 20 of the Radiation Protection Ordinance for activities in foreign nuclear plants]. PMID- 7210936 TI - [The cellular and tissue patterns of so-called embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. Histological and histochemical investigations (author's transl)]. AB - Embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas consist of two histological variants; it can be distinguished between solid embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas and botryoid sarcomas. We investigated 13 solid and 7 botryoid rhabdomyosarcomas and used 46 biopsies of 20 patients between 6 weeks and 14 years old. There were 12 male and 8 female patients. The histologic examination yielded variations of cytologic pattern and tissue structure. Besides undifferentiated sarcoma cells which constituted the majority of tumor cells and a changing amount of rhabdomyoblastic cells (but only 40% of all tumors showed cells with cytoplasmic cross striation) in 6 solid and 6 botryoid tumors some other cellular features could be observed. There were tumor cells with characteristics of lipoblasts and histiocytes, and occasionally the potency to form vascular spaces was detected, too. The histochemical examination proved the presence of glycosaminoglycans and mucoproteins. The glycosaminoglycans seemed to contain only a few sulphated groups. In agreement with a preceding electron microscopic study of botryoid sarcomas in the nasopharynx (Katenkamp et al. 1979) we stated that many so-called embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas show the basic pattern of an undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma and have some diverging cellular differentiations. Therefore, it is an open question whether the term "embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma" should be defined more precisely than usually done in the routine histological work today. PMID- 7210943 TI - [A new vision test instrument]. PMID- 7210940 TI - [The new materials legislation]. PMID- 7210941 TI - [Diabetes mellitus--also a consideration for the industrial physician]. PMID- 7210942 TI - [Ventricular tachycardia as a result of stenosing coronary arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7210944 TI - [Is there an occupation-specific disease?]. PMID- 7210945 TI - [Visual requirements of work on data display terminals]. PMID- 7210946 TI - [Occupational science evaluation of shift and night work]. PMID- 7210947 TI - [Position and problems of occupational protection and accident prevention]. PMID- 7210948 TI - [Long-term serum enzyme activities]. PMID- 7210949 TI - [MAC value of hydrochloric acid in the steel industry]. PMID- 7210950 TI - [Malaria prevention in view of new experiences with known drugs]. PMID- 7210951 TI - [Effect of light sources of different spectral composition on the achievement of mental work and selected physiological functions]. PMID- 7210952 TI - [Visual fitness of test personnel in disturbance-free quality control. Magnetic power and penetration testing]. PMID- 7210955 TI - [Safety technic and industrial medicine]. PMID- 7210953 TI - [Deformation of synthetics in the steel ball impact experiment]. PMID- 7210954 TI - [Mortality study in chemical personnel of various industries exposed to acrylonitrile]. PMID- 7210956 TI - [New knowledge on danger from glass and mineral fibers]. PMID- 7210957 TI - [Introduction of a model in industrial medicine--data utilization in occupational medicine]. PMID- 7210958 TI - [Occupational medicine observations, their recognition and significance for the work environment]. PMID- 7210960 TI - [An example for occupational catastrophy practice, or, what comes after the alarm?]. PMID- 7210959 TI - [Maternity leave. Change in the maternal protection legislation of 1979]. PMID- 7210961 TI - [Necessary preparation of hospitals for industrial catastrophies]. PMID- 7210963 TI - [Explosion protection - new aspects and problems]. PMID- 7210962 TI - [Lipid metabolism and lipid diagnosis--new aspects]. PMID- 7210964 TI - [Surface properties and fibrous composition of dust materials in lung passages i a steel industry work environment]. PMID- 7210965 TI - [Monitoring in paediatric surgery (author's translation)]. AB - Monitoring of poor risk cases is of decisive importance in paediatric surgery. The monitoring has to be adapted to the specific situation of the disease in question. PMID- 7210966 TI - [Premature craniosynostosis after ventricular shunting in hydrocephalic children (author's translation)]. AB - The cause of premature craniosynostosis after ventricular shunting in hydrocephalic children is until now not completely understood. In 331 children we observed 41 premature synostoses (12,4%) of the satural sagittalis, coronaria, lambdoidea, either singular or in various combinations. These findings are compared with clinical data and X-ray findings of skull and ventricular system of the patients. The results suggest a congenital origin, in all probability caused by primary malformation of the basis of the skull. Most of the cranio-stenoses are attributed to a common origin of hydrocephalus and craniostenosis. PMID- 7210967 TI - [Malignant non-Hodgkin's intestinal lymphomas in children]. PMID- 7210969 TI - [Congenital Y-fistula of the urethra in boys]. PMID- 7210968 TI - [Obstructive intussusception caused by mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 7210970 TI - [Fractures of the scapula in childhood]. PMID- 7210971 TI - [Cardiorespiratory registration of atropine medication in newborn babies. With 4 fig]. PMID- 7210972 TI - [The sewed-in tracheostomy and its closure in children]. PMID- 7210973 TI - [The colorectal carcinoma; pathological remarks (author's transl)]. AB - A survey is presented on the incidence of colorectal carcinomas in the GDR, exogenous causes possibly being responsible for the increase in incidence, common screening methods, macro-anatomy and micro-anatomy of colorectal carcinoma, staging, prognosis, and pathways of metastases. The correlation between intestinal polypi and colorectal carcinoma as well as the frequency of their degeneration are also referred to. Adenomatous polypi (polypous adenoma), villous polypi (villous adenoma), and certain rare intestinal polypi, such as familial polyposis coli, multiple polyposis of the entire gastro-intestinal tract, as well as the Gardner- and Turcot-syndromes, are some of those polypi which depending on their size tend to malignant degeneration. Histological information provided by the pathologist is discussed in its value and importance for surgical practice. PMID- 7210974 TI - [Surgery of rectal carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - The absolute number of deaths caused by rectal carcinomas has greatly increased in the FRG within the last 10 years. However in relation to the age of the patients the rate per 100 000 inhabitants did not change. The results of an operative treatment could only be improved slightly because there is still a delay in diagnosis. Despite a high rate of false negative results (34,1%) the hemoccult-test has been used most frequently as a preoperative diagnostic test. Other biochemical parameters could not replace this test. Nowadays orthograde lavage can be considered as the best preoperative treatment of the bowel. As to the comparison of the prognosis after reaction of the rectum or exstirpation, there remains the problem of preselecting the patients. The indication for resection seems to increase by using staplers. New operative techniques for colostomy and its postoperative care after exstirpating the rectum may provide further improvement for the patients. In nonoperable carcinomas a colostomy can be avoided by using cryosurgery in 2/3 of all patients. So far, surgical results could not be improved by early additional chemotherapy. PMID- 7210975 TI - [On the role of CEA-monotoring in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinomas and recidivations (author's transl)]. AB - The CEA-radioimmune-test is not a specific tumour-detection test, but will rather serve as an indicator of the therapeutic result, the formation of recurrent tumours and/or metastases. The CEA titer increase precedes the occurrence of clinical symptoms by up to 12 months, so that a symptomatic look can take place earlier. 150 patients with colorectal carcinomas were observed over a period of 3 years. This yielded the following findings in dealing with the CEA test: 1. Radical tumour surgery results in a decrease of CEA level to normal values. -- 2. A postoperative reduction of CEA titer and subsequent re-increase signalize the formation of a local recidivation. -- 3. A rapid increase in the CEA level after postoperatively decreased or constant values indicates the formation of metastases. -- 4. The CEA test will only possess its full informational value for postoperative treatment when the titer has been increased preoperatively. -- 5. A pathological CEA titer is no proof of a malignant disease. -- 6. A normal CEA titer never rules out a malignant disease. PMID- 7210976 TI - [Rectal cancer; problem of diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - From 1947 to 1978 147 patients suffering from rectal cancer were seen at the Surgical Department of Medizinische Akademie Dresden: 23% stage Dukes A und 21% Dukes B, C and D at a time. 74 out of 132 patients had their malignoma in a distance of less than 12 cm from the anus and should have been diagnosed by digital palpation. But this happened only in a percentage of 34. Only 58% of the patients underwent radical surgery (abdomino-perineal amputation of the rectum), in all other cases only palliation could be achieved. PMID- 7210977 TI - [Treatment of rectal cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The rate of neglected diagnoses of rectal cancer today will not be lowered by mass screening only but especially by a more consequent use of wellknown diagnostic methods. Preoperative irradiation with 2000 rad seems to be able to improve the survival rate in stage Dukes B. cases. Anterior remaining anal sphincter is out of order or if it is impossible to guarantee radical surgery concerning the perirectal connective tissue, e. g. in stage Dukes C cases. Intraoperative local administration of cystostatic drugs can be recommended whereas a satisfactory effective adjuvant chemotherapy is unknown until now. The local excision of small tumours of stage Dukes A in the lower part of the rectum can be taken into consideration and has also good results as a palliative procedure because of functional inoperability. Postoperative control of CEA titers can inspire the suspicion of recurrence or metastases already several months before they are clinically evident. PMID- 7210978 TI - [Treatment of complicated diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon (author's transl)]. AB - 55 patients suffering from diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon underwent surgery, 32 of them in a state of emergency (peritonitis, ileus); mortality rate 22%. In 28 patients a colostomy was performed, which later on could be removed to restore the continuity of the colon. The therapy of choice in the early stage of diverticulosis is resection of the sigmoid colon performed as a ono-stage procedure (mortality rate les than 1%). PMID- 7210979 TI - [Large submucosal pedicled lipoma of the duodenum]. PMID- 7210981 TI - [Appendectomy today]. PMID- 7210980 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum. Case contribution]. PMID- 7210982 TI - [Intervention on the autonomic nervous system in epigastric pain due to circulatory disturbances. Segmental resection of the celiac ganglion]. PMID- 7210985 TI - [Operative procedures for chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - The long-term results of 50 patients with chronically calcifying or chronically obstructive pancreatitis who underwent 61 operative interventions without immediate lethality show a superiority of resection over drainage operation. Even in cases of continued alcohol misuse pain was reduced permanently in many cases, however, the time of survival is shortened. PMID- 7210983 TI - [Autotransplantation of smooth muscle for treating incontinence of sphincters (author's transl)]. AB - By histologic, electronoptic, perfusionsmanometric and microangiographic examination it was demonstrated, that the smooth muscle of the intestinal tract can be autotransplanted and can function as a sphincter after healing. This procedure has been successfully applied is 86 patients. PMID- 7210984 TI - [Extracorporeal pig liver perfusion in normo- and moderate hypothermia (author's transl)]. AB - 32 allogeneic extracorporeal pig liver perfusions were performed for a period of 3 hours to examine the viability of the isolated liver. The perfusion apparatus consisted of 3 independently regulated pumps and of a semiautomatic flow regulation by a capacitive level transducer. The bile secretion alone gives a rough estimation only when external influences like the temperature are taken into consideration. The oxygen consumption correlated to pressure and flow is a suitable parameter indicating the viability of the extracorporeally perfused liver. By combining these bed-side parameters we were able to determine the functional capacity of an isolated liver properly. Under moderate hypothermia (34 degree to 35 degree C) the oxygen consumption falls by 25%, while the bile secretion falls by 487.8%. The success of an extracorporeal liver perfusion will depend on achieving normothermal conditions. For clinical use one may concentrate on these quick and easy bed-side parameters. Because other tests of viability like clearance methods or assays of metabolites are very time-consuming they are of little value in the immediate control of a running perfusion. PMID- 7210986 TI - [Perforated gastroduodenal ulcer in old age (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on perforation of gastric and duodenal ulcers in 111 patients, who were 60 years and older. In the course of investigation the percentage of older patients rose from 15 to 30%. The mortality rate depends upon accompanying complications of other organs. If a long history of ulcer exists, we turn to definitive surgery in the state of perforation, so far as the patient is in a good conditions. An improvement of prognosis can only be expected by shortening the interval between perforation and operation. PMID- 7210987 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma (idiopathic multiple hemorrhagic sarcoma)]. PMID- 7210988 TI - [Etiology, diagnosis and results of treatment of unilateral non-functioning kidney]. PMID- 7210989 TI - [The omentum - transposition following selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 7210990 TI - [Manometric reading of rectal pressure profiles (author's transl)]. AB - A catheter with two side holes is inserted into the rectum and perfused by a rate of 3,1 ml/min. When drawn back (0,7 mm/sec) the recto-anal pressure is recorded. In this way normal readings of the pressure profile are established in different age groups of children and compared with reading recorded by the open-tip-method. PMID- 7210991 TI - [Treatment of open fractures in children (author's transl)]. AB - Open fractures in children with soft tissue injuries of second and third degree generally require osteosynthesis. Minimal osteosynthesis is sufficient. Articular fractures and juxtaarticular fractures are stabilized with Kirschner wires. In shaft fractures of long bones short SAO plates are used in most cases. For shaft fractures of the upper extremity alternatively intramedullary osteosynthesis with Kirschner wires or Rush pins may be applied. Indication, osteosynthesis, and operating technique are discussed. PMID- 7210992 TI - [The postoperative mortality rate in paediatric surgery (author's transl)]. AB - In the German Democratic Republic a well balanced network of paediatric surgical departments is serving the people. With the help of these specialised institutions the mortality rate of infants and children suffering from surgical diseases could be lowered decisively. PMID- 7210993 TI - [Operative treatment of femoral shaft fractures in infancy by Kuntscher nailing (author's transl)]. AB - Considering our own results with treating 96 children by Kuntscher nailing we cannot agree with other authors who prefer conservative treatment of femoral shaft fractures in infancy. Using a special technique which avoids injuries of the epiphyseal zone, we neither found unphysiological differences in legs length nor varus or valgus displacements three months to five years after nail removal. Bacterial infections are extremely rare. Healing mostly follows without complications. In well defined cases we think operative treatment has the following advantages: short period of hospitalization, early mobilization, easy medical care, little x-ray exposition and lowering of costs. PMID- 7210995 TI - [Pancreatic pseudocyst in children and its treatment]. PMID- 7210994 TI - [Postoperative infections in newborn babies (author's transl)]. AB - Concerning postoperative intensive care newborns are exposed to an increased risk of infection. The germ-spectre has now changed to gram-negative bacteria, but the number of infections by staph. aureus and Candida albicans has also increased. Our epidemiological investigations refer to the danger of contaminated medico technical devices. All invasive methods in newborns must be strongly indicated. PMID- 7210996 TI - [Case report of meconium periorchitis]. PMID- 7210997 TI - [Traumatic cholecystectomy in children]. PMID- 7210998 TI - [Problem of endoscopic gluing of an esophagotracheal fistula recurrence following surgery for esophageal atresia using tissue adhesives]. PMID- 7211000 TI - [Stenosis of the papilla of Vater; indication and surgical technique of papillotomy (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1977 to 1979 1077 patients underwent surgery for benign diseases of the bile duct, 41 (3.8%) were papillotomies. 31 of these patients (2.9%) out of 1,045 were operated on for the first time and 10 (31.2%) for the second time. Absolute indications for papillotomy: indurative stenoses of the bile papilla, intrapapillary stone formation, which could not be removed by other means, suspicion of carcinoma. Relative indications are: indurative papillitis, chronic pancreatitis. The mortality rate amounted to 2 (4.8%), all other patients (90.4%) could be cured except two. PMID- 7210999 TI - [Gastrocolonic fistula in children]. PMID- 7211001 TI - [Staging of morbus Hodgkin by explorative laparotomy (author's transl)]. AB - 75 patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease underwent explorative laparotomy. This meant to correct the initial staging in a percentage of 34. There was an increase of postoperative complications in secondary laparotomies. In 4 our of 25 patients an unexpected involvement of the spleen could be demonstrated. PMID- 7211002 TI - [Postoperative mortality rates in a general surgical unit]. AB - In a 10 years period (1970 to 1979) 25,578 patients were operated upon, 433 patients died postoperatively. The causes of death were analysed according to Petren and the autopsy results. The most frequent causes of death were cardiac failure, peritonitis, malignant tumours, pneumonia and pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7211003 TI - [Malignant hypothermia, 3 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Malignant hypothermia seems to depend on a latent hereditary disposition, in the couse of which a defect in the storage of calcium at the cell membrane of the skeletal - and heart muscle happens. The aetiology of the disease could not be fully explained until now. The mechanism is especially triggered by medicaments in routine anaesthesiological use. There is no preanaesthesiologic method to detect persons prone to malignant hypothermia. 3 cases of this kind are dealt with in detail. All 3 patients came to death although the measures of treatment taken immediately corresponded completely to the present state of knowledge. PMID- 7211004 TI - [Giant subserosal stomach neurinoma with massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage]. PMID- 7211005 TI - [Double spontaneous liver rupture as a results of a cavernous hemangioma]. PMID- 7211006 TI - [Absorption of vitamin B12 following Payne-DeWind jejunoileostomy because of extreme obesity]. PMID- 7211007 TI - [Experimental investigations of rat ileum enterotomies after application of physiological plasma fractions (author's transl)]. AB - Standardised enterotomies of the rat ileum were performed by conventional enterorrhaphy and in combination with the fibrin adhesion technique. When enterotomy is also sealed with fibrin adhesive, the initial bursting strength is significantly higher. In the postoperative course this is only valid if a successful inhibition of fibrinolysis can be achieved by adding fibrinolytic inhibitors. Histochemical investigations of tissue enzyme activities confirm these findings. PMID- 7211008 TI - [Intervention radiology for guided needle aspiration biopsy (author's transl)]. AB - Aspiration of material on the basis of radiological examination is a well suited method of intervention radiology. This is demonstrated by lesions of the breast, thyroid gland, lungs, mediastinal masses, lymph nodes, skeleton and kidney. Intervention radiology represents the combination of tumour localization and guided cytological diagnosis without additional risks for the patient. PMID- 7211009 TI - [Complications of vagotomy (author's transl)]. AB - The different types of vagotomy are highly standardized, but show a typical spectrum of complications, injuries of spleen (1 to 4%) and liver, perforation of the oesophagus (0,5 to 1,0%) intraoperative bleeding, lesions of the pleura (0,5%), necrosis of the lesser curvature of the stomach, chylothorax and chyloperitoneum. The article deals with avoidance and successful treatment of such intraoperative lesions. PMID- 7211010 TI - [Injury of the right hepatic duct following percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography]. PMID- 7211011 TI - [Surgery of acute cholecystitis in patients over 60]. PMID- 7211012 TI - [Closure of common bile duct defects by a peritoneal patch]. PMID- 7211013 TI - [Experience obtained from prolactin-inhibiting therapy for functional sterility (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report about 20 sterile women in whom the amenorrhoea or oligomenorrhoea was accompanied by hyperprolactinaemia. Parlodel, Lysenyl, and Deprenon were used for treatment. The therapy was followed by pregnancy of 70 per cent of the women. PMID- 7211014 TI - [Diabetes insipidus and pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper are peculiarities relating to pregnancy and labour of eight patients with diabetes insipidus. The disease took different courses. Pregnancy in such cases was found to be endangered quite often by abortion and premature birth. Adiurekrin was used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. Developmental disorders were not recorded from the infants born by the above women. PMID- 7211016 TI - [Diagnosis of foetal malformations--amniographic representation of encephalomeningocele in 32nd week of pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Described in this paper is prepartum diagnosis of an encephalomeningocele in the 32nd week of pregnancy. Reference is made to real case histories to expound the importance of amniography, including indications and counterindications. Complications implied in using the method are mentioned. PMID- 7211015 TI - [Comparative studies into lipid component levels of parturients with EPH gestosis and of their newborns (author's transl)]. AB - Statistically significant rises in LDL (low density lipoprotein) concentrations, low cholesterol levels, and total lipid levels significantly below those recorded from newborns of clinically intact mothers were established from newborns of mothers with moderate and severe EPH gestosis. The above parameters did not deviate largely from the normal in patients with moderate gestosis. The levels of total lipids, cholesterol, and LDL in the serum of the newborns were clearly lower than those recordable from the serum of the mothers. PMID- 7211018 TI - [Rheobase measurement in cases of imminent premature birth (author's transl)]. AB - The importance of rheobase measurement and external tocometry in the diagnosis of imminent premature birth was studied in the context of 86 cases. Rheobase measurement was found to provide the following benefits: (a) Indication of readiness for labour; (b) No dependence on abdominal wall thickness, positioning nor respiratory movement; (c) Less time required for examination.--Premature labour can be detected with higher accuracy by means of rheobase measurement. Better assessment is possible of neurovegetative responses of the given organism to provide a more dependable foundation for therapeutic action, such as tocolysis or cerclage.--Rheobase measurement should be adapted as a routine approach, particularly by hospitals which do not yet have the equipment required for external tocometry. PMID- 7211017 TI - [Role played by perinatal mortality in epidemiology of congenital malformations and disorders of metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - Malformations were recorded from 17.4 per cent (n = 293) of all perinatal deaths which had occurred in the region of Rostock, between 1968 and 1974. No case of metabolic disease was identified. Two and more malformations were recorded from 44.7 per cent of the newborns. Pre-term infants accounted for 47.8 per cent of all perinatal deaths. Twenty-five per cent of the mothers were 30 years of age and more. Pathological phenomena had grown manifest during pregnancy in 56.4 per cent of the women involved. Complete registration of all cases of malformation and abnormality of metabolism is proposed and should be achieved by close examination of all perinatal deaths. PMID- 7211019 TI - [Induction of labour and pelvic score (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper are 267 cases of induced labour with correlation to pelvic score in 213 pregnancies. Tocometrically controlled infusion of 10 IU oxytocin/500 ml is compared to conventional drip infusion of 6 IU oxytocin. The success of induction is closely related to pelvic score according to G. Martius. The rate of good success doubled by about ten points on the pelvic score, that is from 83 to 94 per cent. Good success was obtained in 69 per cent of those cases in which labour had been first induced by drip infusion of 6 IU oxytocin/500 ml and in 92 per cent of those cases in which 10 IU oxytocin/500 ml had been infused under tocometric control. Caesarean section was applied to 4.7 per cent of women in the first group and to 12.8 per cent in the second. Higher section rates and lower apgar values seemed to be correlated to indications for induced labour with tocometrically controlled oxytocin infusion. The results should be verified by comparable material. PMID- 7211020 TI - [Results obtained from lumbar catheterisation for epidural analgesia for painless labour (author's transl)]. AB - Experience obtained from 115 childbirths with catheterisation for epidural analgesia is reported in this paper. Reduction of labour pain was optimum with all patients.--The rate of CTG alterations and acidosis of foetal blood was not beyond that recordable from normal deliveries. The rate of vaginal surgery was increased to 14.8 per cent due to one patient in whom expulsion was delayed and the expulsion period thus prolonged. PMID- 7211021 TI - [Continuous transcutaneous pO2-criterion of newborn condition, depending on obstetric circumstances (author's transl)]. AB - Arterial pO2 was transcutaneously recorded under standardized conditions from 55 newborns, right after birth. Two values, pO2 with air breathing 30 minutes after birth and the pO2 peak following oxygen breathing, were compared, with reference being made to their dependence on obstetric conditions. Significant deterioration of oxygen supply, as compared to a control group, was recordable from high-risk births, infants delivered from breech presentation by the vaginal route, and from newborns with neonatal acidosis. Oxygen supply to surgically delivered high-risk infants came very close to that recorded from normally born children, while that established from infants born by caesarean section was in agreement with values of hyperoxia. High-continuity measurement of pO2, immediately after childbirth, can be used as a criterion by which to assess obstetric performance. It can be also an objective parameter for an assessment of postpartum adaptation, and a tool by which to figure out endangered newborns. PMID- 7211022 TI - [Spontaneous uterus rupture recorded by cardiotocography--case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211024 TI - [Ten-year record of surgical treatment of gynaecological carcinomas at Kaiser Franz-Josef Hospital (author's transl)]. AB - Brief reference to surgical techniques applied to carcinomas of the cervix, corpus, and ovaries is followed by a comprehensive report in greater detail on carcinoma patients treated between 1969 and 1978. Mention is made first of carcinoma of the cervix, with particular reference being made to its preliminary phases, including basal hyperplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and microcarcinoma. No patients in preliminary phases at all had been admitted to hospital in 1969, but almost 100 patients per annum were hospitalised more recently, in the wake of extended routine testing, including colposcopy, Papanicolaou's diagnosis, and checks by reflected light. The total number of patients admitted over the ten years under review has been 476, with carcinomas being detected in most of them by conisation. Wertheim's radical surgery with lymph node exstirpation was applied to 221 cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Hysterectomy, with both adnexa involved, and lymph node exstirpation were applied to 154 cases of corpus carcinoma. The uterus only, but usually together with the adnexa, was removed in 19 cases. Surgery was applied to 109 cases of ovarian carcinoma, with adnexa being removed, in some cases with hysterectomy and omentumectomy. Also admitted were 17 patients with different types of carcinomas and eleven cases of uterus sarcoma. Surgical treatment was given to 984 of 1,130 genital carcinomas, bringing the overall operability rate to 87 per cent. Primary therapeutic irradiation was decided for most of the other patients. Ther overall mortality was 1.6 per cent (16 cases). PMID- 7211023 TI - [Cytological diagnosis of carcinoma of the cervix - critical analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Results obtained from cytological diagnosis of gynaecological patients, between 1969 and 1979, are reported in this paper. Precursor and early phases of cervix carcinoma were recorded from 295 of 32,464 cytologically examined patients. The accuracy of positive findings was improved to the order of 92.8 per cent by 1979. Falsely negative findings accounted for 1.45 per cent on average. Some of the cases of falsely negative findings are discussed in greater detail to elucidate possible errors. Particular reference is made to the need for optimum cooperation between the gynaecologist, cytologist, and histologist. PMID- 7211025 TI - [In vitro studies into interdependence of volume and pressure in non-pregnant human uterus (author's transl)]. AB - This paper follows on studies undertaken earlier into physiological and pharmacological aspects relating to the nonpregnant uterus of women in sexual maturity. The interdependence between volume and pressure is described with reference to a known model of the non-pregnant uterus. -- Uterus expansiveness in the second phase of the cycle was found to be larger than that in the first phase. The interdependence between volume and intra-uterine pressure is of linear nature. Intramural pressure and changes in perfusion pressure are but negligibly affected by volume enlargement and expansion of the uterine cavity and not even by intrauterine pressure which increase beyond 400 mmHg. This is attributable to a number of factors, borne out by both Laplace's formula and the authors' own findings, such as a relatively small volume, small radius, and larger wall thickness of the non-pregnant uterus. Optimum contractility depends on optimum volume, the latter being typical of the individual uterus. Excessive volume is likely to lead to higher intra-uterine and intramural tonus. Discoordination of contractility, rise in tonus, alteration of the contraction amplitude, and rise in frequency are consequences. Both change in volume and passive expansiveness of the uterus will not really affect blood supply unless major changes occurred to intramural pressure (in excess of something between 70 and 80 mmHg) to obstruct the blood flow. High intramural pressures are required because of the small volume of the nonpregnant uterus, in order to cause contractility strong enough to eject the content of the uterus, for example, in menstruation. PMID- 7211026 TI - [Atypical hyperplasia of endometrium -- prognostic trends and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium was histologically diagnosed in 111 cases at the Gynaecological Hospital of the Medical Academy of Magdeburg, between 1970 and 1976. The cases were defined by three degrees of severity. The need for group differentiation and appropriate therapeutic consequences was established by means of follow-up checks of the above cases. Progressing courses were recorded from 6.9 per cent of the cases in Group I, 13.95 per cent in Group II, and 24.0 per cent in Group III. Hysterectomy was recommended for all persistent and progressing findings in Groups II and III, while long-term supervision was found to be necessary in cases of regression. Sexually mature women with atypical hyperplasia should receive gestagens, between the 16th and 24th days following menstruation, before diagnostic abrasion is applied. PMID- 7211027 TI - [Budd-Chiari syndrome following intake of oral contraceptives (author's transl)]. AB - Described in this paper are three cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome in young women who had taken oral contraceptives. Not more than 30 cases maximum so far have been reported in international literature, in the context of Budd-Chiari syndrome related to oral contraceptives. However, oral contraceptives have been increasingly considered to cause to disease, over the past ten years. PMID- 7211028 TI - [Iso-X chromosomes in primary amenorrhoea and Turner's syndrome - presentation by C-banding (author's transl)]. AB - Follow-up checks of conventionally identified iso-X chromosomes have shown dicentric X-chromosomes to be highly involved in mosaic formation (six in eight cases). The assumption is made that the high inclination of dicentric X chromosomes to non-disjunction may cause maldistribution and, finally, result in mosaic formation. The percentual representation of certain individual lines may be drastically changed by selective gaps and by loss of dicentric X-chromosomes. The instability of dicentric X-chromosomes is a mitotic phenomenon, at the beginning of zygote formation, whereas aberration towards dicentric X or iso-X is a meiotic event. PMID- 7211029 TI - [Use and importance of photometric scanning to gonadal dysgenesis in concomitance with structural aberrations of the X-chromosome (author's transl)]. AB - A photometric scanning method has been developed by the authors for high-accuracy identification of structural aberrations of chromosomes. By testing structural aberrations of gonosomes, the authors found that the scanning technique was highly suitable not only for band presentation, but also for complementary aberration assessment and, consequently, for genetic localisation and mapping of chromosomes in clinical practice. PMID- 7211030 TI - [Concentration of ascorbic acid in tissue of ovarian carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - The levels of ascorbic acid were measured in the tissue of 53 ovarian carcinomas and compared to concentrations in normal human ovarian tissue. The mean ascorbic acid concentrations per gram of tissue was 218 microgram in carcinoma tissue and 382 microgram in intact ovarian tissue. The difference was significant, with p less than 0.001. A relationship was found to exist between ascorbic acid concentrations in tumor tissue, on the one hand, stages of the disease, on the other. The importance of ascorbic acid to tumour growth is discussed. PMID- 7211031 TI - [Hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea caused by retrosellar adamantinoma of basis encephali (author's transl)]. AB - Hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea was diagnosed in a patient, 33 years of age. It had been caused by retrosellar adamantinoma of the basis encephali. The radiological and histological findings are reported in this paper. This rare case is likely to reaffirm the urgent need for prolactin determination in every single case of amenorrhoea for brain tumour detection. PMID- 7211033 TI - [Ultrasonic biometry for foetal weight determination (author's transl)]. AB - A new formula has been derived from computer-aided analysis for predictive calculation of foetal weight. Biparietal diameter and mean thorax diameter were the parameters for measurement, while the truncus was additionally included for another method by which even higher demands could be met. Weight determination proper was based on a practicable vanishing point diagram (nomogram). -- A critical appraisal is made of the methods previously used for weight forecasting on the basis of ultrasonic biometry. The authors' own approach is described in great detail and for convenient check-up by means of mathematical tables and graphs. It is claimed to give better results, particularly in marginal areas of foetal development, such as hypertrophy and/or macrosomia in concomitance with diabetes mellitus or retardation. -- Data published by other authors were recalculated, with the view to producing hard evidence to the superiority of the new formula. PMID- 7211032 TI - [Gravidogram of antenatal care (author's transl)]. AB - The system of antenatal care in Sweden is reported. Every clinically healthy pregnant woman has to undergo more than 15 checks during pregnancy, including two examinations by a gynaecological specialist and the others by skilled midwives. Uterine growth (and, consequently, fetal growth) and increase of maternal bodyweight are kept under surveillance by means of gravidogram. All measured data are graphically recorded and compared to the standard values given in the gravidogram. Hence, early diagnosis is possible of major highrisk groups, such as retardation of fetal growth, macrosomia, twins and hydramnios. -- A catalogue of risk factors and a cervix score for assessment of cervical maturity are available for early detection of imminent premature delivery. -- The introduction of the gravidogram at Danderyds Hospital in 1972 has been followed by antepartum, intrapartum and neonatal mortality figures down by some 50 per cent as well as by unambiguous improvement in the general condition of newborns. Growing and widening use of the gravidogram throughout Sweden has been accompanied by increasingly visible decline of perinatal mortality. Systematic and improved antenatal care, consequently, is decisive for reduction of perinatal mortality and morbidity. PMID- 7211034 TI - [Studies into specificity for dye test (DT), complement fixation (CF), and intradermal test (ST) in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis (author's transl)]. AB - Reference is made to an earlier study into the usefulness of the intradermal test. Now, an account is given of the specificities of tests used at present for the detection of toxoplasmosis, with reference being made to 4,341 intradermal tests, 1,332 dye tests, and 880 complement fixations. -- The three methods are qualitatively and quantitatively compared in great detail, with the close correlations between them explained. Reference is also made to the different origins of the antibody types detectable by the methods concerned. -- It seems to be quite obvious that the production of those antibody types differs in time and site, just as their lives are different in length. These findings actually are used as a point of departure for more detailed methodical proposals that should be followed in the search for an acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii. -- Various effects which might lead to unspecific tests are described in some length. -- All the above studies and findings have been used to compile a diagnosis diagram which may be a good basis for clinical decision-making on therapy. PMID- 7211035 TI - [Behaviour of cellular immunity, detectable by means of intradermal test, following Toxoplasma gondii infection (author's transl)]. AB - The percentage of strongly positive reactions to intradermal testing of 2,997 pregnant women was found to grown continuously by about one per cent per annum along with growing age. -- The conclusion drawn from comprehensive discussion of the above findings is that cellular immunity is likely to grow rather than decline, as assumed in the past, following toxoplasmosis infection. However, the increase, about one per cent annually, is of minor dimensions and might be based on a booster effect. -- This would mean, after all, that the intradermal test will continue to be of informative value, even long time after the infection, for example, in the context of aged patients. Therefore, no correction is required either by the criteria of interpretation. PMID- 7211036 TI - [Use of heparin in cases of septic abortion (author's transl)]. AB - While in obstetrics heparin treatment of coagulopathy, generally, has been abandoned-prophylactic use of heparin has worked well, particularly in cases of septic abortion. -- Heparin prophylaxis may entail haemorrhagic complications which may be confused with coagulopathy, though caused by heparin. Necessary diagnostic and therapeutic action is explained against the background of a real case. The examinations required to analyse the coagulation and to differentiated between coagulopathy and heparin-caused haemorrhage are given in a diagram. PMID- 7211037 TI - [Peridural analgesia a full-term delivery of low-pain childbirth (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper is a combination of "single shot" peridural analgesia with termed delivery, in the context of 100 patients. The analgesic method was applied individually to any of the women involved, depending on aggravating nociperception, all under compulsory cardiotocographic control. The results are given with reference to both objective parameters and interviews with the patients. The authors' own modification seems to be suitable for large-scale routine use. PMID- 7211039 TI - [Electromyographic characteristics of the effectiveness of puncture reflexotherapy in vertebral osteochondrosis with neurologic syndromes]. AB - Results of an analysis of myoelectrogenesis changes that occurred in the course of treating 240 patients with neurological syndromes of vertebral osteochondrosis are presented. The patients were given acupuncture and electro-ionic (microiontophoresis of medicinal substances into the acupuncture sites) reflexotherapy. The efficacy of these methods in the treatment of the reflectory and compression syndromes is analyzed, and so is the informative value of total electromyography in estimating the effectiveness of the treatment being given. PMID- 7211038 TI - [Computer tomography of the head in the diagnosis of various forms of hereditary familial ataxia]. AB - Clinical examinations of 34 patients wit hereditary ataxies was carried out using computerized tomography. Potentialities of the computerized tomography for specifying the diagnosis in patients with Friedreich's ataxy (12 observations) and cerebellar degenerations (22 observations) were determined. The examinations of the 12 patients with Friedreich's hereditary ataxy performed by the computerized tomography method revealed signs of the cerebellar atrophy only in one patient. In 21 out of the 22 patients with various forms of the cerebellar ataxy, the tomographic examinations revealed symptoms of atrophy of the cerebellum and the brain stem both in the initial stages of the disease and in the stages characterized with gross coordination disturbances. The more pronounced the atactic disturbances, the greater the degree of the cerebellum atrophy, this increase being statistically valid (p less than 0.001), when assessed from the number of the hemispheric grooves). On the other hand, no relationship between the disease duration and the degree of the cerebellum atrophy symptoms was revealed by the computerized tomography method. In family cases of the cerebellar degeneration, the symptoms of the cerebellum atrophy were disclosed by the computerized tomography in all the family members examined, however, the degree of their manifestation was different. The data of the computerized tomography can be used for diagnostic differentiation between Friedreich's disease and cerebellar ataxies--this is of great importance for medico-genetic consulting. PMID- 7211040 TI - [Late results in treating lumbosacral radiculitis (based on the findings of the Neurology Department of the L'vov Railroad Workers' Clinical Hospital)]. AB - Late results of the treatment of 173 railway workers who had diseases of the lumbosacral division of the peripheral nervous system are analyzed for a period of 5 to 6 years. Characteristics of the patients with reference to their profession, age, sex, length of work, and hospital treatment duration are presented. A marked improvement owing to the treatment given was attained for 5 and more years in 83.2% of male and 83.8% of female patients. PMID- 7211041 TI - [Cerebral syndrome in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. AB - An analysis of the results of clinico-electrophysiological examinations of 89 patients suffering from chronic nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the lungs with involvement of the nervous system is presented. The clinical syndromes of the nervous system affections in patients with chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases are specified. Of importance in the pathogenesis of these affections are progressing hypoxia, intoxication, edema of the brain and the meninges, and the effects of the infectious factors on the vascular walls and the nervous cells. PMID- 7211042 TI - [Monothematic catathymic delusions in slowly progressive schizophrenia]. AB - With special reference to erothomania in the framework of slowly progressive schizophrenia as a model, the author considers problems of psychopathology, the clinical picture and pathogenesis of sluggish form of endogenous delusional psychoses. Clinico-psychopathological descriptions of such cases, their differentiation from paranoiac variants of erothomanic delusional psychoses are given. It is also demonstrated that the clinical expression in slowly progressive processes may be related to mechanisms of a catathymic interpretation, common in the pathogenesis of morbid signs during the whole period of illness. As one of the leading major clinico-pathogenetic factors to which the slowly progressive development of delusional psychoses may be related is the clinical similarity of erothomanic delusional symptomatology with the constitutional traits of the patients. PMID- 7211043 TI - [Forms of hypnotic somnambulism according to their clinical basis]. AB - Three forms of hypnotic somnambulism were distinguished clinically: classical somnambulism in patients with hysterical neurosis on a juvenile-unstable basis (42 cases); sensual-lucid somnambulism in patients with hysterical neurosis on a primitive personality basis (46 cases) and sensual-split somnambulism in patients with pseudoneurotic schizophrenia with a hysteroid clinical picture (58 cases). The differential diagnostic importance of such forms of somnambulism is stressed. PMID- 7211044 TI - [Clinico-statistical data on psychologically traumatic experiences in various forms of psychogenic disorders]. AB - On the basis of clinico-psychopathological studies of patients with different forms of neurosis and the use of the level of mental development concept a special technique was elaborated to detect by questionnaires the predilective "key" psychotraumatizing experiences in the main forms of neurosis (neurasthenia, obsessional neurosis, hysterical neurosis and a special clinical form--explosive reactions). It is assumed that these forms of psychogenic reactions, as well as their respective "key" experiences (exhaustion-overstress, a disturbance of a habitual stereotype, infringement of egocentrism, a negation of concession) form a certain hierarchic system. The "key" character of some types of pathogenic experiences for clinical forms of psychogenic reactions was confirmed statistically. The data indicate a different degree of clinico-nosological delineation of some forms of the reactive states. PMID- 7211045 TI - [Medical-psychologic study of somatic patients]. AB - An attitude towards the disease in patients with chronic somatic disturbances is determined by three factors: the nature of the disease, personality type and the attitude to this particular disease in the microsocial environment to which the patient belongs. Three main types of attitudes towards their disease in patients with chronic somatic disturbances are described: anxious-depressive, melancholic, obsessive-phobic, hypochondriacal, neurasthenical, dysphoric, euphoric, anozognosic, apathetic, egopathic (a fanatic preoccupation with work), sensitive, egocentric, paranoiac. These types may be mixed as well. A knowledge of the above mentioned types is useful for psychotherapeutic approaches. PMID- 7211046 TI - [Psychogenic reactions in cancer patients]. AB - An overall (at random) study of 183 patients with cancer of the stomach or rectum at an oncological hospital showed that all cases had certain psychogenic reactions, which differed both by their clinical expression and severity. The type and severity of psychogenic reactions correlated with the stage of treatment (diagnostic, preoperational, etc.) sex, age, education and the localization of the tumor and premorbid personality traits. The paper offers data on the use of combined treatment (psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic impact) aimed at removal of psychogenic disorders. PMID- 7211047 TI - [Frequency of suicidal acts in psychoses]. AB - Psychotic patients committing suicide constitute about 10,0% of all the suicide population and not more than 2,0% of all mental patients. Accomplished suicides are committed by mentally ill and psychotic patients 26 times more frequently than suicides without psychoses, and more frequently in the initial phase of the disease. The highest suicidal activity is seen in alcoholic psychoses and psychoses with anxious-depressive syndromes. PMID- 7211048 TI - [Refining the definition of dissimulation]. AB - Different approaches to the understanding of the term dissimulation are discussed. It is marked, that dissimulation may be encountered in all forms of pathology beyond the nosological boundaries, but depending upon the socio personality significance of the disease. The authors propose to consider dissimulation from the clinico-social standpoint and understand it as a limited and changed by pathology personality-modulated behaviour of patients, directed towards preservation (rehabilitation) of a status of a normal individual. Such behaviour may be related both with a psychologically understood motivation (for instance, a more successful social adaptation) and pathological (for instance, delusional) purposes. PMID- 7211050 TI - [Deontologic matters in organic diseases of the nervous system]. PMID- 7211049 TI - [Effect of discontinuation of long-term preventive lithium therapy]. AB - The development of manic-depressive psychoses (15 cases) and attack-like schizophrenia (20 cases) was studied, following a withdrawal of a durable and successful prophylactic intake of lithium preparations. A comparison with a control group selected according to the double method, not suspending the administration of lithium salts, demonstrated a statistically significant increase of phases-attacks, their aggravation as well as an increased amount of hospitalizations due to lithium withdrawal. The conclusion is made that there is a necessity for durable and continuous lithium prophylaxis even after obtaining complete remissions. PMID- 7211051 TI - [Improvement and raised effectiveness of the psychiatric services system]. PMID- 7211052 TI - [Features of the clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment of cranio-cerebral injuries with occipital bone fractures]. AB - Contusion of the brain at the site of the injury and by the contrecoup mechanism as well as vascular dysfunction in the vertebrobasilar basin may occur in craniocerebral injury with fracture of the occipital bone. In view of this, it is necessary to analyse the neurological manifestations of the brain injury carefully, carry out radiography of the occipital bone, and rule out the presence of hematoma at the site of the injury and one of a contrecoup mechanism. Procaine hydrochloride block of points of the vertebral arteries in indicated because of the dysfunction in the vertebrobasilar basin. PMID- 7211053 TI - [Prevention of wound infection in open skull and brain injuries]. AB - Measures aimed at the prevention of complications gain foremost importance when timely surgical treatment of a penetrating craniocerebral wound cannot be conducted. Experimental research and clinical experience have shown that the administration of 50 000--100 000 U of an antibiotic (kanamycin, monomycin, hectamycin, chloramphenicol) into the wound soon after an open penetrating injury had been inflicted to the skull and brain protects the wound from microbial contamination. This provides the possibility for postponing the plastic operation of the defect in the dura mater. PMID- 7211054 TI - [Arteriovenous fistula between the vertebral artery and veins following vertebral angiography]. PMID- 7211055 TI - [Margins for improving the results of treatment of cranio-cerebral injuries with brain compression]. AB - Clinical and statistical analysis of information gained from observation over 1 661 patients with craniocerebral injury treated at neurosurgical clinics in 1967 74 confirmed the proposition advanced at the Leningrad Polenov Neurosurgical Institute, namely that operation for correcting compression of the brain by an intracranial hematoma should be performed as early as possible after the injury and no later than 3 hours following hospitalization. PMID- 7211056 TI - [Experimental study of the microcirculatory bed of the brain. I. Perfusion of the vascular-capillary network of the hypothalamus following circulatory arrest]. PMID- 7211057 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of the brains of rats induced by Moloney mouse sarcoma virus]. PMID- 7211058 TI - [Angioarchitectonics of the dura mater of the human spinal cord]. PMID- 7211060 TI - [Epidural hematomas of the posterior cranial fossa]. PMID- 7211059 TI - [Use of x-ray contrast technics for studies of cranio-cerebral injuries in a central regional hospital]. PMID- 7211061 TI - [Ligation of the vertebral artery in partial knife wounds]. PMID- 7211062 TI - [Unilateral lesion of the optic nerve in cranio-cerebral injuries]. AB - The authors analyse the clinical picture and the results of nonoperative and surgical treatment of unilateral traumatic compression of the optic nerve in 23 patients with closed craniocerebral trauma. The principle role in the pathogenesis of the damage to the optic nerve is attributed to its functional compression within the optic canal as the result of impaired intratruncal circulation and edema of the nerve. This mechanism of the compression may in some cases serve as the reason for undertaking decompression of the optic nerve by resection of the superior wall of the optic canal. Eight patients were operated on, a positive ophthalmological effect was produced in 5 of them. In 15 patients who did not undergo surgery the process terminated in unilateral amaurosis. PMID- 7211064 TI - Kinetics of self-sensitized and riboflavin-sensitized photodegradation of bilirubin. AB - Kinetics of self-sensitized or riboflavin-sensitized photodestruction of bilirubin in albumin containing solutions follows equations of the Stern-Volmer type, which resemble expressions of enzyme catalyzed reactions. The dependence of quantum yields of bilirubin decay on substrate concentration, bilirubin/albumin ratio, and riboflavin concentration is estimated and described in terms of such equations. The ratios of kinetic constants obtained in this way are discussed and related to clinical experiences regarding the phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. PMID- 7211063 TI - [Identification of pyruvate kinase variants from red blood cells using trypsinization and electrophoresis]. AB - Enzymopathies of pyruvate kinase (PK) are characterized by polymorphism. Nine distinct variants of the L-type from 10 patients suffering from nonspherocytic haemolytic anaemia have been identified by electrophoretic and kinetic methods. Typical changes of the electrophoretic mobility and kinetic properties of the L type and K-type of PK can be produced by incubation of cytolysates and tissue homogenates in the presence of trypsin. After trypsinization the three distinct forms of the L-type from liver and erythrocytes show identical mobility. Trypsinization of haemolysates has proved to be a diagnostic tool for the differentiation of PK variants. The results also allow to distinguish whether the mutation is located in the region of the peptide chain which is split off by trypsin or not. In three cases the occurrence of two instead of one enzyme form after trypsinization indicates a double heterozygote heredity of PK-deficiency. The appearance of the K-type isoenzyme of PK in red blood cells may be considered as a physiological event during a limited period of erythropoiesis. The K isoenzyme was found only in samples of red blood cells containing erythroblasts. One of the patients has shown a still unknown form of PK. The properties of this form resembled those of the major part of PK from human placenta. PMID- 7211065 TI - Creatine transport into red blood cells. AB - The permeation of creatine from plasma into normal human red blood cells was investigated by means of 1-[14C]-creatine. Two statistically different Vmax and Km values were found for lower and for higher creatine concentrations of the plasma, respectively, indicating two types of transport with different affinities and capacities. It is suggested that the high affinity process, which accounts for 1/4 of the capacity and has an affinity constant of 0.087 +/- 0.032 mM is an active transport, while the low affinity transport represents an exchange diffusion. There is little, if any, effect of pH in the range of 6.9-7.9 on the transport. The total creatine concentration of the red cells did not change significantly even with high creatine concentration of the plasma during 6 h incubation at 37 degrees C. The in vitro experiments showed a daily exchange of cellular creatine of 20%, the t0.5 being about 2.5 days. PMID- 7211066 TI - [Affinity labeling and differential labeling of leucine aminopeptidase with diazopeptide inhibitors]. AB - Specific modification of amino acid residues in the active center of LAP by the substrate-like diazonium peptide L-Phe(pN2+)-L-Phe was investigated using the technic of affinity and differential labeling. Prelabeling of the enzyme was performed with the diastereomer D-Phe(pN2+)-L-Phe in the presence of the competitive inhibitor L-Thr(But)-L-Phe-L-Phe (Ki 9.4 x 10(-5) mol/l). The amino derivative L-Phe(pNH2)-L-Phe is a substrate of the LAP with Km 1.2 x 10(-4) mol/l and D-Phe(pNH2)-L-Phe a non-competitive inhibitor with Ki 4.0 x 10(-3) mol/l. The decrease of activity by covalent modification of tyrosine and histidine side chains was irreversible and affects only the catalytic step, whereas the substrate binding was unimpaired. The affinity labeling as well as the differential labeling in presence of Thr(But)-Phe-Phe showed that up to 12 potential covalent modification sites of LAP can be protected. PMID- 7211068 TI - [Chronic blood pressure measurements in the rabbit aorta using a novel implantable pressure transducer]. AB - A novel implantable pressure pickup is described for chronical blood pressure measurement at the rabbit aorta, which transmits the intravasal pressure via a short liquid column in a closed foil catheter transmurally to an extravasal pressure transducer. With a natural frequency of 250 Hz, the pressure slope steepness is 1834 kPa/sec. The pickups operate up to 40 kPa linearly with deviation of 2% of the whole scale. The pressure hysteresis is at 3% of the whole scale, the temperature coefficient at 93 Pa/degrees C. The pickups are well tolerated by the tissue; their manufacture is relatively simple, and they are much cheaper than the intravasal pressure transducers. PMID- 7211069 TI - High postheparin lipolytic activity as a possible cause of hypotriglyceridemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats at 4, 8 and 20 weeks of age the postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) has been estimated. PHLA was significantly higher in all SHR than in age- and weight matched controls, although it decreased with advancing age in both groups. The data are discussed with regard to hyperinsulinemia and hypotriglyceridemia in SHR ascertained by a previous study. It is assumed that in young SHR catecholamine induced lipolysis provokes impaired glucose tolerance and higher insulin response after glucose load. Insulin enhancement can stimulate PHLA via increased synthesis of lipoprotein lipase. The resulting augmented uptake of triglycerides by adipose tissue is suggested to be a beneficial (adaptive?) mechanism to compensate a primary increase of lipolysis. The well-known lower adipose cell size and body weight in SHR in comparison to age-related normotensive control rats might indicate that this mechanism is insufficient to balance the triglyceride supply in these animals. PMID- 7211070 TI - In vitro analysis of postnatal maturation of tubular p-aminohippurate transport in rat kidney. AB - Factors responsible for the developmental pattern in renal tubular PAH transport were analysed. The apparent Michaelis constant for PAH uptake is the same in all ages, whereas the maximum steady-state PAH uptake as well as the PAH efflux are increasing with age. In consideration of the significant differences in PAH efflux, the age-related differences in maximum steady-state PAH uptake do not accurately reflect the postnatal maturation of the transport mechanism. Therefore, the actual PAH uptake was calculated in renal cortical slices from rats of different ages. The data were related to units of wet weight, protein, and DNA. In conclusion, for the increasing renal tubular PAH transport with age both a quantitative increase in functional transport sites as well as an enhancement in the turnover-rate of the transport mechanism seem to be responsible. PMID- 7211067 TI - [Relation between intactness and adenine nucleotide pattern of ejaculated bull spermatozoa]. AB - The intactness of bull spermatozoa was determined by exclusion of external succinate. This was oxygraphically measured in the presence of cytochrome c after inhibition of the cell respiration with rotenone. An addition of cytochrome c was necessary for a reproducible respiration of damaged cells. The portion of intact cells determined in this way correlated with that obtained by the fluorescent dye primuline. The content of adenine nucleotides and the percentage of ATP of washed fresh spermatozoa depended on the intactness of the sperm sample. The adenine nucleotide pattern of spermatozoa after deep freezing corresponded to that of washed fresh ejaculates with a high percentage of damaged cells. The major part of ejaculates tested showed only a small increase of damaged cells during substrate-free incubations at 38 degrees C up to 4 h under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Ejaculates which had shown a drastic increase of damaged cells were not recognizable by the initial portion of damaged cells. Also a lowered content of ATP in the cells was no indicator of an increased fragility of the cell membrane. A remarkable loss of total adenine nucleotides was observed under conditions of cold shock. It indicates that the changes in the sperm membrane induced by cold shock were qualitatively different in comparison with changes caused by storage and by a slow decrease in temperature. PMID- 7211071 TI - An experimental model of hyperlipemia. AB - Rats were given two kinds of diet: fat-rich (coconut oil, cholesterol, cholic acid) and fat-carbohydrate diet (coconut oil, margarine, cholesterol, wheat flour) for a period of 18 weeks. In the blood serum the triglyceride-cholesterol level and the electrophoretic pattern of lipoproteins were determined. Experimental models of experimental hyperlipemia adequate to type IIb and IV according to Fredrickson were obtained. PMID- 7211072 TI - [Effect of a chorioallantoic membrane preparation on the proliferation of cultivated vascular endothelial cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts]. AB - We investigated whether the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) has growth stimulating capacity for in vitro cultivated calf aortic endothelial cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts. Pieces of chorioallantoic membranes of 12 days incubated hen eggs were collected in aqua bidest. and lyophilized. After further mechanical dispersion the preparations were added to the culture medium. In the range of 10 to 100 micrograms per ml medium CAM-preparations stimulate the proliferation of both cell types significantly, whereas 500 micrograms/ml exhibit cytotoxic effects. The relatively simple manner of preparation in connection with the use of cultivated cells may be a new and simple way for testing different tissues and organs with respect to their proliferation modulating properties. PMID- 7211073 TI - [Modifications of electromechanical coupling in the rabbit myocardium following cholesterol-oil diet during changing Ca2+ supply]. AB - To characterize the electromechanical coupling in rabbit myocardium after a 12 weeks lasting lipid-rich diet the influence of increasing extracellular Ca2+ on isometric contractions of isolated trabeculae has been investigated. Only after lipid-rich diet the Ca2+-induced augmentation in isometric tension was accompanied by an increase in a Vmax equivalent, in the index of contractility dk/dtmax divided by K', and in the relaxation index -dk/dtmax divided by K. The results correspond with changes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum function reflected in a higher Ca2+ accumulating ability of isolated microsomes. PMID- 7211075 TI - [X-ray and anatomical picture of congenital and acquired subluxation of the hip joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211074 TI - Participation of thalamic nuclei in the elaboration of conditioned avoidance reflexes of rats. VI. Lesions of the nucleus lateralis anterior. AB - Bilateral lesions of the nucleus lateralis anterior thalami (LA) did not change sensory or motor functions of hooded rats. Postoperative retention of conditioned avoidance response (CAR) preoperatively learnt in a jumping test, was decreased insignificantly, relearning slowed somewhat down, the variance of individual reaction times (CAR latencies) increased. Postoperative acquisition of CAR revealed some uncertainty and delay, but criterion was reached. Preoperative experience influenced the type of errors in a discrimination task (go/no go): After preoperative acquisition of CAR go-responses, after postoperative acquisition of CAR no-go-responses dominated. In these experiments the memory processes may be influenced by changes of some limbic regulatory processes in which LA plays a role. PMID- 7211076 TI - [Importance of adjusting the collodiaphyseal angle in luxatio coxae congenita (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211077 TI - [X-ray evaluation of therapeutic results in Perthes disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211078 TI - [Reconstruction of the articular surface in dissecting osteochondritis of the knee joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211079 TI - [Dissecting osteochondrosis and similar diseases in the area of the knee joint in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211080 TI - [Deformities of the spine and intensive sports activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211081 TI - [Our indications of anterior approaches to the spine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211082 TI - [Functional examination of the cardiorespiratory apparatus in scolioses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211083 TI - [Microsurgical treatment of injuries of peripheral nerves in conjunction with fractures of the long bones of the upper extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211084 TI - [Our experience with the treatment of epiphysiolysis in the talar region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211085 TI - [Pseudoarthrosis of the metatarsal bones in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211086 TI - [Prevention of venous thromboembolism in orthopaedics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211087 TI - The oral glucose tolerance test: a comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values, normal dispersion, and reproducibility. AB - Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, and probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration greater than 3-h greater than 2-h greater than 0.5-h greater than 1-h plasma glucose concentration. PMID- 7211089 TI - Relation of platelet phospholipids to diabetic control. AB - In the present study we investigated platelet phospholipid concentration in diabetic patients in various conditions of metabolic control. We found an increase in total phospholipid concentration as well as in phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the most pronounced changes being observed in poorly controlled patients. We discuss our findings in relation to the metabolic control of the disease and the high incidence of atherosclerotic lesions in these patients. PMID- 7211088 TI - Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on plasma glucose, free fatty acid, betahydroxybutyrate, glucagon and C-peptide responses to salbutamol in insulin dependent diabetic subjects. AB - The selective beta 2-adrenergic agonist salbutamol increases plasma glucose concentration and the rate of lipolysis when infused in pregnant diabetic women. The aim of the present study was twofold: (a) to focus on the actions of salbutamol on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetics: and (b) to investigate possible interferences of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) with the metabolic responses to i.v. salbutamol. The results obtained during salbutamol infusion (5 microgram/min) in 6 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects demonstrated that this drug caused sustained increases in plasma glucose, free fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, as well as a small and transient rise of plasma glucagon. No change in plasma C-peptide concentration occurred during salbutamol. A concurrent infusion of lysine acetylsalicylate reduced the increase in free fatty acids by half, blunted the weak glucagon response but enhanced the rise in plasma glucose following salbutamol administration. The present data show that salbutamol exerts a potent hyperglycemic, lipolytic and ketogenic effect in insulin-dependent diabetics. We suggest that this beta-adrenergic agent should be used cautiously in human diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7211090 TI - Plasma and urine free L-carnitine in human diabetes mellitus. AB - L-carnitine is essential for the transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria and their oxidation. Recently, a relationship between plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and L-carnitine metabolism has been observed. Plasma free L carnitine (FC), FFA, triglycerides, cholesterol, blood glucose concentration and daily excretion of FC were determined in 20 diabetic patients as well as in 18 control subjects. Both in male diabetics and in male controls, plasma FC was significantly higher than in females. Mean plasma FC was found to be significantly reduced in diabetics (21 +/- 2 vs 35 +/- 2 mumol/1 in non-diabetic subjects; p less than 0.005). Daily urinary excretion of FC was clearly lower in diabetic patients than in controls (172 +/- 34 vs 403 +/- 38 mumol/24 h; p less than 0.001). The reduced plasma FC in diabetes mellitus may be due to redistribution between circulating free and esterified carnitine and to increased utilization of FC for synthesis of acylcarnitine in tissues. PMID- 7211091 TI - Dose- and age-dependent effects of clomiphene citrate administered to prepubertal female rats on development of anovulatory sterility and pyosalpinx. AB - The influences of dose of clomiphene and age at clomiphene treatment in prepubertal female rats on development of anovulatory sterility and pyosalpinx were investigated. By varying the amount of clomiphene administered, it was found that 50 micrograms is the minimal dose of clomiphene which will produce anovulatory sterility and pyosalpinx in a majority of female rats treated at 5 days of age. By varying the age of rats at clomiphene treatment, it was observed that the period of clomiphene sensitivity in female rats is within the first 10 days of life, in which administration of 500 micrograms clomiphene will result in subsequent anovulatory sterility and pyosalpinx. These results demonstrate that the induction of anovulatory sterility and pyosalpinx is dependent upon the dose of clomiphene and the age of rats at clomiphene injection. PMID- 7211092 TI - Interstitial pituitary irradiation with 90Y for the treatment of acromegaly. A reappraisal. AB - The management of 54 acromegalics referred to us between 1974 and 1978 has been analysed. Twenty-two patients were treated with pituitary implants of yttrium-90 (90Y). Eleven are in complete remission (mean growth hormone (GH) less than 11 mIU/l), 8 had improved (mean GH 11-20 mIU/l or 50% less than preoperatively) and 3 were poor responders. Two patients had temporary 6th nerve paresis. Seven patients are on replacement therapy. Thirty-one patients were not implanted for the following reasons with a number of patients having more than one: extension of the tumour into the sphenoid sinus 10, or above the sella 3, partially empty sella 9, internal carotids too close to midline 2, invisible landmarks 1, mild acromegaly 6, poor general health 3, declined investigations or operation 6. It is concluded that pituitary implant of yttrium is an effective and safe form of treatment in carefully selected patients. PMID- 7211093 TI - Comparison of propranolol and carbimazole as adjuncts to iodine-131 therapy of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7211094 TI - Protein composition in single follicles, homogenates and fine-needle aspiration biopsies from normal and diseased human thyroid. AB - The protein composition of the thyroid colloid was analysed by microgel electrophoresis and densitometry in 41 euthyroid patients. The colloid samples were obtained from single follicles by micropuncture, from homogenates of microbiopsies or from aspiration biopsies. Fourteen of the patients had morphologically normal thyroid tissue, 18 had atoxic nodular goitre and 19 of the patients had atoxic adenoma. Ten of the patients with nodular goitre had prior to the investigation received lithium therapy for psychiatric disorders. The main component of the thyroid colloid was 19S thyroglobulin (TG), but larger iodoproteins (S-TG) and smaller protein fractions, an albumin-like protein and a pre-albumin fraction, were also present in varying relative amounts. Analyses of homogenates of microbiopsies from normal thyroid tissue demonstrated the same protein composition as observed in single follicles. In colloid samples from atoxic nodular goitre the lighter protein fractions were absent in most of the samples. Analyses of homogenates or aspiration biopsies could not demonstrate this alteration in the protein composition in nodular goitre. Lithium therapy resulted in a significantly lower amount of the lighter protein fractions but unchanged amounts of the globulin fractions in atoxic nodular goitre. PMID- 7211095 TI - Regarding the validity of the endpoint response of the mouse (McKenzie) bioassay for thyrotrophin (TSH). PMID- 7211096 TI - Characterisation of breast skin temperature rhythms of women in relation to menstrual status. AB - Circadian breast skin temperature rhythms were characterised throughout the menstrual cycle, for various locations on the left breast of ambulatory women. All subjects exhibited highly significant circadian rhythms (P less than 0.001). Changes in rhythm parameters, such as the mesor, amplitude and acrophase, were observed during the menstrual cycle. No consistent trend in these rhythm parameters was observed between subjects in relation to menstrual cycle stage. Experimental and statistical techniques used to characterise circadian rhythms in pre-menopausal women were applied to a post-menopausal woman with primary breast cancer. Comparison of rhythm parameters associated with the tumour area and corresponding site on the contralateral breast showed abnormal thermal characteristics such as elevated mesor values, decreased amplitude as well as changes in the timing of the acrophase. These properties may be exploited for the early detection of breast cancer. The project also involved the design and testing of an ambulatory device, known as the 'chronobra', for the measurement of breast skin temperature. The performance of the chronobra was in close agreement with reliable, conventional equipment. The chronobra now allows studies of breast skin temperature rhythms associated with breast disease to be extended. PMID- 7211097 TI - Aldosterone response to sodium deprivation and angiotensin II in patients with hypopituitarism. AB - Unknown pituitary factor(s) apart from ACTH may participate in the regulation of aldosterone (aldo) secretion in man. We investigated whether the 'sensitization' of the zona glomerulosa against angiotensin II (A II) by sodium deficiency was mediated by the pituitary gland. A II was infused in stepwise increasing doses (2, 4, 8 ng/kg/min) into 5 normal subjects (N) and into 8 patients with hypopituitarism (H) before and after 4 days on low sodium diet. Mean cumulative sodium balance after the low sodium diet was -145mM in N and -165mM in H. Plasma aldo and aldo-excretion rate on the normal sodium diet were slightly higher in H than in N but rose less than normal during sodium depletion in H. Plasma A II and renin activity on normal sodium were slightly higher in H than in N, but the increase on the low sodium diet was blunted in H. The stimulation of plasma-aldo by A II infusion was similar in both groups on the normal sodium diet. In both groups, the response of P-aldo to A II infusion was greater in the sodium deplete than in the replete state, although 'sensitization' was slightly less marked in H than in N. This may be due to the blunted rise of plasma-A II after sodium loss in H, which may also account for abnormalities in the blood pressure response in the H group. Altogether, the results speak against a direct involvement of the pituitary gland in 'sensitization', but an indirect influence through unexplained abnormalities in renin secretion is possible. PMID- 7211098 TI - Serum levels of oestradiol-15 beta and luteinizing hormone related to follicular growth as monitored by ultrasound in women with normal menstrual cycles. AB - Serum levels of oestradiol-15 beta (Oe2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone (P) in 20 healthy women were correlated to the size of the ripening follicle during the follicular phase of normal menstrual cycles. Growing follicles were measured by ultrasound using the full bladder technique. In each individual case a good correlation (r = 0.88) between the Oe2 values and the size of the maturing follicle was found. However, since all women examined ovulated at a different Graafian follicle diameter (range 17 to 26 mm), the corresponding Oe2 values showed quite a large variation (range 0.78 to 2.5 nmol/l). The cervical score correlated to follicular maturation up to a follicle size of 19 mm (maximal cervical reaction). From there on no further improvement of the cervical parameters could be observed. We conclude that ultrasound monitoring of follicular growth can be a useful addition to the Oe2 and P measurements in the clinical management of the infertile woman. Bifollicular maturation can be diagnosed early, when the endocrinological data are combined with follicle size. Moreover, a correlation can be made between follicular growth and oestradiol production in the individual cycle. PMID- 7211099 TI - Biochemical changes in rat endometrium induced by oestrogens. PMID- 7211100 TI - A quantitative test for oestrogenic activity using rat endometrium lactate dehydrogenase. AB - In ovariectomized rats treatment with ethinyloestradiol (EOe) po started 1 week after castration and given for 4 days resulted in an increase of endometrial lactate dehydrogenase per DNA (LDH/DNA). The lambda of the dose-response curve was 0.178. In subsequent experiments EOe was used as a standard and the oestrogenic activity of four steroids given po was compared. The effect of testosterone was studied using oestradiol as a standard. If the activity of EOe is 1, the relative oestrogenic potencies of oestriol succinate, oestradiol decanoate, 11 beta-methyoxymethyl-17 alpha-ethinyl-delta 1,3,5(10)-oestratriene 3,17 beta-diol and 11 beta-methoxymethyl-delta 1,3,5(10)-oestratriene-3,16 alpha,17 beta-triol were 0.074, 0.7, 12.5 and 32, respectively. The results of the test were compared with the relative potencies of these four compounds in two biological tests, viz. the vaginal cornification in ovariectomized adult rats and stimulation of the uterine growth in immature intact rats. The relative oestrogenic potencies as measured by an increase in the endometrial LDH/DNA were in better agreement with those found in the vaginal cornification assay than with those in the uterine growth stimulation test. Testosterone caused no significant changes of LDH/DNA. We conclude that the increase in LDH/DNA in the endometrium of ovariectomized rats can be used as a quantitative assay for oestrogenic potency. PMID- 7211101 TI - Plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestrogens and prostaglandin F in maternal blood and corticosteroids and oestrogens in foetal blood of cows during dexamethasone-induced deliveries. AB - Infusing dexamethasone at rates of 0.1, 1.0 or 10 mg/day into 6 foetal calves at day 240 of gestation (2 calves per infusion rate), induced premature calving in a mean 12, 9 and 3 days respectively. Maternal plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestrone, oestradiol-17 beta and prostaglandin F or 13,14-dihydro 15-keto-prostaglandin F, and foetal plasma concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol 17 beta and corticosteroids were monitored until calving. The maternal hormone changes observed for all cows were a decline in progesterone, and a rise in both oestrogen and prostaglandin F concentrations before calving. Dexamethasone infused at a rate of 1.0 and 10.0 mg/day suppressed plasma corticosteroids in the foetus; however at 0.1 mg/day, foetal corticosteroids increased tenfold during the last 3 days before calving. At the lowest rate of infusion, dexamethasone had no effect on foetal oestrogen levels, but at rates of 1.0 and 10.0 mg/day there was a marked rise in foetal plasma levels of oestrogen. PMID- 7211102 TI - Calcium and vitamin D metabolism in acromegaly. AB - Acromegalic subjects were found to have elevated serum levels of both 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D), 67 +/- 22 (SD) pg/ml) and 24.25 dihydroxyvitamin D (24.25-(OH)2D), (6.9 +/- 1.5 (SD) ng/ml). The serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D correlated positively (P less than 0.02, R = 0.56) to the 24 h urinary excretion of growth hormone, but not to the serum levels of parathyroid hormone, prolactin, thyroid hormones or the urinary excretion of free cortisol. Fourteen patients were treated with bromocriptine at doses from 15-45 mg/day for a period of about 6 months. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in the urinary excretion of growth hormone and calcium and in the serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D and 24.25-(OH)2D. A relationship was demonstrated between the decrease in urinary calcium excretion and the decrease in serum 1,25 (OH)2D (P less than 0.02, R = 0.64). It is concluded that the serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D is elevated in acromegaly, perhaps as a consequence of a direct action of growth hormone on the renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity. PMID- 7211103 TI - Total and non-dialyzable urinary hydroxyproline in acromegalics and control subjects. PMID- 7211104 TI - Regulation of TSH secretion and thyroid function in Cushing's disease. AB - In 15 untreated patients with Cushing's disease the regulation of TSH secretion and thyroid function was evaluated. The maximal increment of plasma TSH to TRH was 3.8 +/- 2.2 vs 8.7 +/- 2.9 muU/ml (patients with Cushing's disease vs controls; mean +/- SD; P less than 0.001). Free thyroxine-index was 21.8 +/- 5.2 vs 27.7 +/- 5.0 (P less than 0.001). Plasma T3 1.45 +/- 0.24 vs 1.96 +/- 0.32 nmol/l (P less than 0.001) and reverse T3 0.22 +/- 0.05 vs 0.20 +/- 0.08 nmol/l (N.S.). The maximal TSH increase in response to TRH was inversely correlated with plasma cortisol (P less than 0.05). The maximal increment of TSH to TRH and plasma T4, free T4 index and T3 are reduced in patients with Cushing's disease due to an impaired thyrotroph function. Plasma reverse T3, however, is normal which may be due to a simultaneous decrease in production and degradation. PMID- 7211105 TI - Effect of thyroid function on serum somatomedin activity. AB - To obtain more information about a possible role of somatomedins in mediating the effects of thyroid hormones on the development and function of epiphyseal cartilage, somatomedin activity, measured on the basis of 35S incorporation in embryonic chick cartilage, was studied in thyrotoxic patients before and after treatment with carbimazole or surgery and in a group of patients with primary hypothyroidism. In 29 hyperthyroid patients mean values of somatomedin were 1.29 +/- 0.03 SEM an differed significantly (P less than 0.01) from normals (1.04 +/- 0.03). In 15 carbimazole treated patients and in 5 operated patients with thyrotoxicosis somatomedin levels fell from 1.29 +/- 0.04 to 1.03 +/- 0.04 (P less than 0.01) when the patients became euthyroid. Correspondingly, somatomedin levels in 12 untreated hypothyroid patients (0.82 +/- 0.04) were significantly less than in normals (P less than 0.01) an increased from 0.77 +/- 0.09 to 1.14 +/- 0.13 (P less than 0.05) in 4 patients on replacement therapy. IN CONCLUSION: somatomedin levels rise when thyroid hormones are present in excess, and fall when these are deficient. This suggests that thyroid hormones are important regulators of somatomedin levels. PMID- 7211106 TI - Stimulation of the conversion of corticosterone to aldosterone by sodium and water depletion of potassium-deficient rats. Comparison of different experimental procedures. PMID- 7211108 TI - Foetal and maternal plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in the late pregnant rat: effects of intra-uterine isotonic saline or uterine handling. AB - The catecholamines adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) were determined in plasma samples of late pregnant rats and rat foetuses using a radioenzymatic procedure. In maternal plasma of control rats, values of A were stable during the last three days of gestation (between 5.64 and 6.90 ng/ml) whereas NA values increased just before parturition (+ 70%) and on day 23 post-coitum NA was the main plasma catecholamine. In foetal plasma of control rats, values of A and NA were constant during the last three days of gestation and A was always higher than NA. For both catecholamines, values in foetal plasma were lower than in maternal plasma. Blood of rats injected with isotonic saline into the uterus on day 21 of gestation contained 24 h and 48 h later about 2-3 times more A, and no more NA, than blood of control rats. In foetal plasma the levels of both catecholamines especially of NA were greatly increased after the handling of the uterus or the intra-uterine isotonic saline injection. Both treatments had the same prolonged effect upon A and NA values in foetal plasma. There is no increase of A and NA in maternal and foetal plasma after sham-operation. Although the values of plasma A and NA were high in control rats because of blood sampling was carried out under stressful conditions, these results showed that handling of the uterus or injection of intrauterine isotonic saline was a severe aggression for the mother and foetus. PMID- 7211107 TI - Lipid metabolic studies in oophorectomized women. Effects induced by the addition of norethisterone acetate to two different oestrogens on serum individual phospholipids and serum lecithin fatty acid composition. PMID- 7211109 TI - Rat embryo development in vitro. AB - We report the first successful culture of 8-cell/morula stage rat embryos in a fully synthetic medium supplemented with 3% crystalline bovine serum albumin. Eighty-four per cent of morulae developed to blastocysts, showing that this is a highly efficient culture medium for in vitro studies on rat pre-implantation embryos. Blastocyst formation was severely inhibited by antioestrogen (nafoxidine 3 microgram/ml) but no further reversal was obtained by giving oestrogen to culture medium containing this antagonist. PMID- 7211110 TI - Indirect evidence of chronic Leydig cell desensitization in Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 7211111 TI - Biodegradable microsphere contraceptive system. PMID- 7211113 TI - Study of the use of contraceptives by a town and a country population of northern Italy. PMID- 7211112 TI - Epidemiology of voluntary abortion in the region of Emilia Romagna and in Italy. AB - Between June 1978, when the Law nr. 194 was introduced, and the end of 1979, about 250,000 legal abortions were carried out in Italy. Wide discrepancies exist among Italian Regions. Generally, in Northern and Central Italy the incidence of abortion is comparable to most other Countries with liberalized laws. The Region of Emilia Romagna, where social and medical facilities are easily available, con probably offer a better estimate of abortion occurrence in Italy. Minors and Women in the second trimester of pregnancy are still particularly prone to recourse to clandestine abortion. Conscientious objection is a major limiting factor in the implementation of the law. PMID- 7211114 TI - [Alcoholic acidoketosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211115 TI - [Portal vein gas embolisation in a case of ulcerative colitis. Total colectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211116 TI - Clinical experiences concerning gallstones dissolution with ursodeoxycholic acid. PMID- 7211117 TI - [Macrocytic anaemia induced by folic acid deficiency during myxoedema. A malabsorption syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211118 TI - [The neurilemmoma of the small bowel (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211119 TI - [The intestinal absorption of lead. An experimental study in vivo and in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211120 TI - [Inflammatory diseases of the colon]. PMID- 7211121 TI - [Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211122 TI - Unusual presentation of ischemic colitis. PMID- 7211123 TI - [Contribution of pathology to the differential diagnosis of colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211124 TI - [Radiological aspects of the antibiotic related colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211125 TI - Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 7211126 TI - [Tuberculous ulcer of the left colon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211127 TI - [Critical review of the radiologic technic and symptomatology of colitis]. PMID- 7211128 TI - [The toxic megacolon: the value of total colectomy with immediate restoration of the digestive tract continuity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211129 TI - [The surgical treatment of inflammatory colitis. Crohn's disease and ulcerative rectocolitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211131 TI - [Intermediate gastric cancer]. AB - Gastric Cancer comprises two basic types: Advanced Gastric Cancer (A.G.C.) and Early Gastric Cancer (E.G.C.). A.G.C. extends beyond the proper muscle layer with a 5 to 17%, five years survival rate after surgery. E.G.C. does not extend beyond the submucosa (with or without metastasis to regional lymph nodes) and has a 80 - 95% five years survival rate. Intermediate Gastric Cancer, PM G.C. (Gastric cancer of the proper muscle layer) does not surpass the proper muscle layer and offers a five years life expectance of near 60% after adequate surgical treatment, with peculiar features in radiology, endoscopy and evolutivity. We report a case of PM G.C., "depressed" and "protruded". The proper muscle layer was invaded by the depressed lesion". Both lesions were continguous. PMID- 7211130 TI - [Incidence of HAV and HBc antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis]. AB - 156 patients with chronic hepatitis were studied in Rosario, Argentina. 98 patients were HBsAg positive (group I) and 58 patients were negative (group II). 209 normal volunteer blood donors served as controls (group III). In all cases the presence of anti-HAV was sought by RIA and was found in 92% of cases in group I, 91% in group II and 82% in group II patients. In groups II and III we also determined the presence of anti-HBcAg by RIA being positive in 65% and 15% respectively (p less than 0.01). There were no differences related to sex, age and type of chronic hepatitis. We conclude, firstly that the percentage of anti HAV is similar in chronic hepatitis and healthy controls; secondly, that 65% of patients with HBsAg negative chronic hepatitis have evidence of virus B infection demonstrated by the presence of anti-HBcAg; finally we remark the greater sensitivity of RIA over hemmagglutination for the detection of anti-HBcAg. PMID- 7211132 TI - [Diagnostic value of esophagoscopy and biopsy in 200 cases of carcinoma of the esophagus]. AB - Two hundred cases of cancer of the esophagus are reviewed. Radiological and endoscopic finding were comparatively evaluated: There were 84% of positive radiological diagnosis, 12,5% highly suspicious and 3,5% negative; the latter were seven cases with the following diagnosis: three megaesophagus, one segmental spasm, esophagitis and hernia, extrinsic compression and normal esophagus, respectively. There were 94,5% of positive; 3,5% doubtful and 2% negative endoscopic diagnosis. There were 94% of positive biopsies and 6% negative. It is emphasized: 1o.) the high percentage of positive histological diagnosis and 2o.) in 3,5% of patients, cancer was found by routine endoscopic examinations. PMID- 7211133 TI - [Duodenal intubation in protracted diarrhea]. PMID- 7211134 TI - [Esophagojejunoplication - a new reconstructive method after total gastrectomy]. AB - We propose an esophago-jejunum application in total gastrectomy performed for gastric carcinoma when the duodenum is not properly exposed for an adequate anastomosis. Technical details of the operation and results are described in 94 patients. The mortality was 12.7% due to the ample indication of total gastrectomy. Incompetence of the anastomosis was only found in 3.2% of cases. Other complications were respiratory failure and paralitic ileus. The late results were good or excellent in 74% of patients (Visick's criteria). The main advantage of the method is the decreased incidence of reflux which was found in 6%, much lower than with the usual surgical procedures. PMID- 7211135 TI - [The liver and testicular function]. PMID- 7211136 TI - [The HLA system and liver disease]. PMID- 7211137 TI - [Development of gastroenterology on the American continent]. PMID- 7211138 TI - [Serum levels of cholylglycine and sulfolitho-cholylglycine in the course of acute hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - In 20 patients with acute hepatitis B the serum levels of cholylglycine and sulfolitho-cholylglycine were investigated by radioimmunoassay; bile acid concentrations and routine biochemical parameters were determined weekly. The statistical evaluation displayed a close correlation between serum levels of cholylglycine and bilirubin during the course of hepatitis, and between serum levels of sulfolitho-cholylglycine and the enzyme activities of liver cell damage parameters (GOT, GPT, GIDH), respectively. A tentative interpretation on the validity of bile acid assays (CG, SLCG) in hepatobiliary disease is presented. PMID- 7211139 TI - [Clinical evaluation of serum bile acids as a new liver function test (author's transl)]. AB - In a randomized patient material, with various histologically verified hepatobiliary diseases, the serum levels of Cholyl glycine (CG) and Sulfolithocholyl glycine (SLCG) were compared with each other. SLCG levels are a more sensitive parameter and permit a more significant differentiation between fatty and normal livers and between cases with and without portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis. There were poor correlations between the hitherto routinely performed laboratory tests and the SLCG levels, but good correlations between SLCG and defined parenchymal liver diseases. the publication ends with the presentation of a newly developed SLCG-stimulation test, which provides a staging of parenchymal liver diseases without unnecessary requirements of time and material and with minimal stress to the patients. PMID- 7211140 TI - [Epidemiology of hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Within the scope of a field survey carried out in the Tyrolean village of Oberperfuss in April 1977, a questionnaire was filled out by 296 men and 315 women aged between 20 and 64 years and the HBs Antigen (HBs Ag) was determined. 16,9% of the men and 15,9% of the woman, indicated that they suffered once from a liver disease of jaundice. The prevalence of HBs Ag positive subjects in men was 10,2/1000 and in woman, 3,2/1000. The incidence of hepatitis in the political districts of Innsbruck City and County in the above mentioned age group, in 1977 was 0,71/1000 in men and 0,53/1000, in women. Out of these, 60% of the male and 66% of the female cases, were HBs Ag positive. PMID- 7211141 TI - [On hepatitis in dialysis patients and personnel (author's transl)]. AB - This publication presents data concerning the prevalence of virus hepatitis B in dialysis patients and the dialysis staff of the Medical University Clinic Graz and describes means of controlling this infectious disease. PMID- 7211142 TI - Observations on cheyletid mites parasitic on mammals (Acari, Cheyletidae and Cheyletiellidae). PMID- 7211143 TI - Demodex zalophi sp. nov. (Acari : Demodicidae) from Zalophus californianus, the California sea lion. PMID- 7211144 TI - Water vapor intake and body water (3HOH) clearance in the housemite Glycyphagus domesticus. PMID- 7211145 TI - Thyreophagus callegoi a new mite from flour and house dust in Spain (Acaridae, Sarcoptiformes). PMID- 7211146 TI - Some effects of microclimate on the longevity and development of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart). PMID- 7211147 TI - Geranolichus gaud and related genera (Acarina, Analgoidea, Pterolichidae). PMID- 7211148 TI - Distribution of the cortical potentials associated with voluntary finger movements in man. AB - EEG recordings obtained prior to, during and after voluntary muscular contractions in right- and left-handers were analysed by the summation method. This technique makes it possible to record electrophysiological correlates of the preparation, initiation and execution of voluntary movement. The apparent differences in lateral distribution of the N1 and N2 component centrally reflect fundamentally different cortical processes associated with preparatory and execution of voluntary movement. On the whole, these findings fit the known fact that hemispherical lateralisation is more pronounced in right-handers, in this case in one of the paired motor systems. Left-handers exhibit less intra hemispheric focalization of cerebral motor functions. The distribution pattern of both negative wave parietally is in agreement with the bilateral organisation of the parietal cortex. The anterior-posterior distribution of N1 and N2 (steeper anterior than posterior gradients were obtained) indicates a close co-operation between the central motor and the parietal sensitive areas. PMID- 7211149 TI - Community life and the development of avoidance reaction in the laboratory rat. AB - The development of learning of active avoidance reaction in laboratory rats was studied in the course of the juvenile period, sexual maturation and in adulthood. The ability of acquiring and extinguishing an active avoidance reaction during the juvenile period is determined by the way of life: life in a community, at least during the suckling, weaning, or juvenile period positively influenced the ability of the animals to extinguish the reaction while the rate of acquisition slowed down. During learning a balance was thus reached between the rate of acquisition and extinction. In the young reared exclusively in presence of their mother and siblings, the rate of acquisition of this reaction was higher, and the ability of extinguishing was both qualitatively and quantitatively worsened. Thus the relation between the process of excitation and inhibition became unbalanced. In the period of sexual maturation and in adulthood community life had no effect on acquisition and extinction. It had, however, a late effect in those animals which were reared until weaning in a community: in the adulthood a positive correlation was detected between their rate of acquisition and extinction. In contrast, in adult animals reared until weaning in the presence of their mother and siblings, the correlation was found to be negative. PMID- 7211150 TI - Effect of ischemia on acetylcholinesterase activity and its molecular forms in the dog spinal cord, spinal ganglia and sciatic nerve. AB - Partial ischemia of the spinal cord was produced by the ligature of the abdominal aorta twice for 40 minutes with a 40 min. recirculation interval. At the end of the ischemic period acetylcholinesterase (AChE. EC 3.1.1.7) activity increased significantly in the lumbosacral part of the spinal cord but simultaneously decreased in the spinal ganglia; There was no significant change in the sciatic nerve. After 48 hours of recovery AChE activity returned to normal in the sacral part of the spinal cord and in the spinal ganglia, but a less expressive increase remained in the lumbal part. Electrophoretic separation of AChE on the polyacrylamide gel gave in intact control dogs: three or four molecular forms in the spinal cord, five in the spinal ganglia and two molecular forms in the sciatic nerve. Ischemia increased the relative content of the lower molecular forms and often a new low molecular form appeared. PMID- 7211151 TI - DNA content in the leukocytes of psychiatric patients. PMID- 7211152 TI - Cytochemistry of DNA in the leukocytes of the mentally ill. PMID- 7211153 TI - Psychosomatic stress and lipoperoxides of human platelet-rich plasma. PMID- 7211154 TI - Visual evoked potentials in normal subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) by checkerboard pattern-reversal stimulation were recorded in 70 subjects aged 10--69 years and in 100 patients with definite, probable or possible multiple sclerosis (MS). Longer latencies and smaller amplitudes of the major positive component were found in male subjects, in old subjects and when the amplifier's band-pass was narrowed. Subjects 10--14 years old had longer latencies and higher amplitudes than mature adults. Based on findings in the normal material, the following three criteria were used in evaluating the recordings from patients: the latency, the side difference in latencies and the ratio of amplitudes between the two sides of the major positive component with various limits for the two sexes and different age groups. The incidence of abnormal recordings was 85% for all the patients, 100% in 50 patients with definite, 70% in 50 patients with probable or possible MS, 73% in patients who had a history of spinal symptoms only, 98% if they had and 74% if they had not experienced optic neuritis. The incidence of abnormal findings increased with increasing duration of symptoms. All patients with visual acuity below 0.67 had abnormal VEPs. The high incidence of abnormal recordings confirmed the value of the test in establishing the diagnosis, and suggested that the use of different normative values for sex and age may increase the diagnostic yield without increasing the number of false positive findings. PMID- 7211155 TI - Brain stem auditory and visual evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. AB - The diagnostic value of the checkerboard pattern-reversal visual evoked potential (VEP) and the random, low rate stimulated brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) was compared in 99 patients with established or suspected multiple sclerosis (MS). In normal subjects examined by both techniques no abnormal recordings were found. In 49 patients with definite MS an incidence of abnormality was found in 100% of VEP and in 84% of BAEP recordings. In 50 patients with probable or possible MS an abnormal VEP was found in 70% and an abnormal BAEP in 50%. When the two examinations were combined, the diagnostic yield increased to 100 and 80%, respectively. 22 patients had only spinal symptoms; in these the VEP gave 73%, the BAEP 55% and the combination 82% abnormalities. The combination of the two techniques was found useful for demonstrating demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system, the diagnostic value being greatest when these lesions were clinically silent. PMID- 7211156 TI - Recognizability of brain stem auditory evoked potential components. AB - In examining neurological patients suspected of having a brain stem lesion with brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), a technique giving high amplitudes and/or maximal recognizability of most of the components was preferred. An increase of interstimulus intervals and stimulus strength and a widening of the band-passes of the amplifier were found to increase the amplitudes and the recognizability in BAEPs from normal subjects and patients. A random monaural 75 dBHL stimulation with 230 msec intervals and frequency cut-offs of the amplifier of 50--5,000 c/sec was chosen as the standard procedure. In normal subjects aged 10--69 years, a decrease in amplitudes was found with increasing age. Men older than 50 years had longer latencies than younger men. Women had shorter latencies and higher amplitudes than men. Waves I, III and V were recognized in all normal subjects; the recognizability of waves II, IV and VI was 94% or more in subjects younger than 50 years, 85--93% in the oldest subjects. PMID- 7211157 TI - Familial centronuclear myopathy. AB - A girl with typical clinical and histologic features of centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is described. The electromyogram was clearly of myopathic type; the motor conduction velocity was reduced. The analysis of the pedigree, in which three other members were similarly affected, suggests autosomal dominant inheritance with low penetrance. PMID- 7211158 TI - Brain stem auditory evoked responses. Technique, interpretation and practical application in neurology. PMID- 7211159 TI - Capillary size, density and ultrastructure in brain of rats with urease-induced hyperammonaemia. AB - The capillary diameter, the capillary area as percentage of brain area, the minimal intercapillary distance, the harmonic mean basement membrane thickness and the mitochondrial content of capillary endothelium were estimated in the striatum of normal rats and after 4 days' urease-induced hyperammonaemia. Electronic image analysis, planimetry and classification with a ruler were the methods used. The capillary diameter was increased after 4 days' hyperammonaemia. The mitochondrial content of capillary endothelium was decreased after hyperammonaemia, while all other parameters were unchanged. Using an inverse logarithmic transformation, the distribution of the basement membrane intercepts was approximately normal. The increased capillary diameter could be a result of vascular paralysis induced by hyperammonaemia. The metabolic working capability is decreased in hyperammonaemia but the diffusion properties across the basement membrane and in the brain parenchyma appear from a morphological point of view to be unchanged. PMID- 7211160 TI - Oral choline in cerebellar ataxia. AB - In a double-blind crossover pilot study with placebo, choline chloride, the physiologic precursor of acetylcholine, was tested in six patients with cerebellar ataxia. Neither subjectively nor objectively could any statistical significant difference be demonstrated. PMID- 7211161 TI - Bell's phenomenon in normal adults and in Parkinson's disease. AB - Bell's phenomenon (upward and outward rolling of the eyeballs on forcible closure of the eyelids) was studied in normal adults and in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. Advancing age correlates with diminution of the response but this was more severe in Parkinson's disease and was thus shown to be suppressive of the normal mechanism. Asymmetrical responses, the right eye being nearly always more affected, were frequently encountered in both groups though more numerous in Parkinsonism. There was a tendency toward a lesser incidence of Bell's phenomenon in the more advanced stages of the disease but without a clearcut correlation. PMID- 7211162 TI - Conduction time of the lemniscal pathway in males and females. AB - The central conduction time of the lemniscal pathway is not statistically different in the two sexes, while the peak latencies of both S13 and N20 components are significantly longer in males than in females. However, multivariate analysis of covariance of data showed that such a result is not related to sex, but to the difference in height between the two sexes. PMID- 7211163 TI - Measles and canine distemper virus antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis determined by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7211164 TI - Studies of parkinsonian movement: 1. Programming and execution of eye movements. AB - Rapid voluntary eye movements in bradykinetic parkinsonian patients and normal subjects were recorded when the movement was executed with visual feedback (closed-loop mode) and in darkness without visual feedback (open-loop mode). The patients had a tendency to generate abnormal saccades consisting of multiple small steps (multiple step saccade), both in the closed-loop and open-loop mode. They were, however, also capable of generating large amplitude saccades. The amplitude-velocity relation of both the small step saccades and the large saccades was normal. The presence of multiple step saccades in the open loop mode suggests that the patients used internal rather than external (visual) feedback to compare the actual eye position with the desired (programmed) eye position and the program for rapid movement is normal but its execution is defective. Horizontal eye movements were also recorded when the head was stationary with a target moving sinusoidally, and when the target was stationary with the head rotated sinusoidally. In both cases the amplitude of the eye movement relative to the head was about 50 degrees. The patients were observed to generate irregular, saccadic eye movements in pursuit of a slowly moving target when the head was stationary, but their eyes could follow a stationary target smoothly when their eyes could follow a stationary target smoothly when their head was moved sinusoidally. These findings suggest that the neuronal circuitry in the paramedian pontine reticular formation, responsible for the final integration of different types of eye movements, is physiologically normal in Parkinsonism. PMID- 7211165 TI - Studies of parkinsonian movement: 2. Initiation of fast voluntary eye movement during postural disturbance. AB - Delay in initiation of rapid voluntary eye movements (saccades) in bradykinetic parkinsonian patients and normal subjects was recorded with and without postural disturbances (rotation of the body and head). Parkinsonian patients as a group exhibited longer delays in the initiation of saccades. The delay increased during postural disturbance in both the patients and the normal subjects. The study failed to substantiate the hypothesis that postural reflexes interfere with the initiation of voluntary movement in Parkinsonism. PMID- 7211166 TI - Do newborns of epileptics on anticonvulsants develop biochemical signs of osteomalacia? AB - In a controlled prospective study performed in 16 pregnant epileptics and nine normal pregnant controls, biochemical indices of calcium homeostasis (serum calcium, serum magnesium, serum phosphate, and serum alkaline phosphatases) were determined after 18 weeks pregnancy, at birth, 8 days and 6 months after birth. Furthermore, the same indices were measured in their newborns in the first 6 months of life. In both groups of mothers the serum alkaline phosphatase rose significantly during the pregnancy (P less than 0.001), followed by a significant fall after the births (epileptics: P less than 0.05, controls: P less than 0.001), but the epileptic mothers had significantly higher initial serum alkaline phosphatase levels than the controls (P less than 0.05). In both groups of newborns a dramatical fall in serum calcium was observed in the first day of life (P less than 0.001), followed by a normalization after 1 month. The serum alkaline phosphatases doubled between day 8 and day 30 in both groups (P less than 0.001). In the standing debate whether epileptics should be treated prophylactically with vitamin D, the present study indicates that pregnancy in epileptics does not call for extra vitamin D supply, and their newborns do not develop more severe hypocalcemia than their controls. PMID- 7211167 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Finland: birthplaces of patients, parents and grandparents. AB - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) appears to be more prevalent in the southeastern part of Finland and among the war evacuees displaced from this area after the World War II than elsewhere in the country. A random sample of 31 ALS patients was chosen and the birthplaces of their ancestors traced back in two generations to find out whether there would be any tendency of clustering in certain regions of the country. No such trend was found. This finding speaks against a genetically determined tendency for the disease. PMID- 7211168 TI - Multiple sclerosis in American blacks. AB - In the period 1968 through 1977, multiple sclerosis (MS) was diagnosed in 349 patients at the Henry Ford Hospital. Of these 312 were accepted in the study and 53 were blacks. In this medical center where the overall population consists of approximately 50% blacks, the MS blacks comprised only 17% of the total MS population. White and black MS patients did not differ significantly for clinical characteristics of MS or for death rates. The MS black patients were divided in two groups, Northern- and Southern-born. The mean age of migration was 11.9 years. Southern-born blacks lived an average of 20 years in the North before the symptoms of MS began. Northern-born MS patients had a 5.5 earlier age of onset and the diagnosis was made 9 years sooner when compared with the Southern-born MS blacks. The Southern-born MS group more often showed a chronic progressive course wither initially or following a few exacerbations and remissions. These findings suggest that a possible genetic predisposition, as well as a geographically determined exposure to an environmental agent, may be related not only to the risk of developing MS, but in the American blacks may also influence the age of onset, the age of diagnosis, and even the clinical course of MS. PMID- 7211169 TI - Cerebellar dysfunction related to toluene sniffing. AB - Only few cases with prolonged cerebellar symptoms after toluene sniffing have previously been reported. We describe here an 18-year-old female who inhaled pure toluene since the age of 12. She developed neurological symptoms with broad-based ataxic gait, incoordination of arms and legs, unsteadiness, dysarthria, downbeat nystagmus, bilateral positive Babinski sign, and poor concentration and abstracting ability. During her 5 weeks in hospital when she did not inhale toluene, her symptoms persisted but decreased and after 8 months had disappeared. PMID- 7211170 TI - Cholinesterase activity of whole blood and plasma in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 7211171 TI - Multiple sclerosis: search for a serologic inhibitor. AB - Complement-fixing (CF) antibrain antibodies are frequently found in serum and CSF in multiple sclerosis (MS). A negative result in the test for these antibodies might depend not only on a lack of antibodies, but also on serologic inhibiting factors. To test this possibility, serum and concentrated CSF samples without demonstrable CF antibrain antibodies were allowed to interact with two standardized positive complement fixation reactions; one for antibrain antibodies and the other a Wasserman reaction. No evidence of inhibiting activity was found in 11 CSF and 15 serum samples from 20 MS patients. On the other hand, inhibiting activity was seen in serum from four of 12 patients with neoplasms and from three of 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7211172 TI - Vasopressin therapy in Parkinson's disease. AB - A double-blind crossover pilot study was carried out in six patients with Parkinson's disease in order to test the possible therapeutic effect of L vasopressin after treatment for 1 month with 30 I.U. intranasally daily. The investigation was completed in five cases. No effects was noticed after LVP treatment. PMID- 7211173 TI - The value of brain stem auditory, visual and somatosensory evoked potentials and blink reflexes in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. AB - Cervical and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) following electrical stimulation of the median nerve and blink reflexes (BR) following electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve were recorded in 30 normal subjects aged 20 49 years. Subjects aged 40-49 had longer SEP latencies than subjects aged 20-39 years. A total of 29 slightly affected patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) aged 26-49 years, including four patients without clinical signs (suspected MS) and 19 patients with signs indicating only one lesion (possible MS) were examined by low rate random-stimulated brain stem auditory (BAEP), checkerboard pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP), SEP and BR. Abnormal recordings by at least one of the examinations were found in all but three patients, and by all four tests in five patients. In patients with definite or probably MS, demonstration of clinically recognized or subclinical lesions was of minor diagnostic value, in contrast to the importance such findings had in patients with suspected or possible MS. Silent lesions were shown by at least one of the tests in the four suspected and in 13 of the possible MS patients, so these 17 patients could be transferred to a more certain diagnostic category. This reclassification was most often due to the BAEP recording. In patients with spinal signs, the combination of BAEP and VEP recording was sufficiently efficient. In patients with optic neuritis a combination of BAEP and SEP was preferred. No abnormal recordings were found in 15 normal subjects examined by all four tests. PMID- 7211175 TI - Multiple sclerosis in southern Europe. A prevalence study in the sociosanitary district of Copparo, northern Italy. AB - The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Italian studies presently available is reported to be between 3.3 and 19.5 per 100,000. All these studies, however, have been undertaken in populations exceeding 300,000 and probably offer underestimates of MS frequency. Current sanitary organization in Italy is inadequate for epidemiological search and many patients with MS may be overlooked when large populations are studied. So, accurate estimates of MS frequency are possible only as a result of intensive surveys in small population groups. Prevalence figures of 53 and 32 per 100,000 have been recently reported by Dean et al. who studied the frequency of MS in small population groups in Sicily. The present study reports the results of a similar survey in the district of Copparo (population 45,153) in northern Italy. The prevalence of probable MS found in Copparo was 31 per 100,000. This result confirms the findings of Dean et al. in southern Italy and supports Dean's opinion that the true frequency of MS in Italy as a whole is higher than that indicated by the Italian studies. PMID- 7211174 TI - C3 polymorphism and circulating immune complexes in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - The phenotypes of the complement factor C3 have been evaluated in 60 patients with multiple sclerosis (M.S.), and the results correlated to the occurrence of circulating immune complexes (CIC). A significantly increased frequency of the C3F-gene was found among the patients, and closely associated with the occurrence of CIC. A relative risk incidence of 4.1 was found for C3F-positive individuals among M.S. patients with detectable CIC. Low C3 levels in serum were found in 30% of the patients, almost all belonged to the group without CIC and showed a C3 type distribution similar to normal controls. A different immunological reaction pattern (type II reaction) in these patients seems possible, and a genetically determined immunological abnormality predisposing to M.S. is therefore suggested. PMID- 7211176 TI - Increased mechanical muscle irritability syndrome. AB - The patient reported here presented electrically silent rolling movements of the muscle under hand compressions, myoedema and myotonia-like muscle responses to mechanical stimulation. These muscle contractions suggest a disturbance of the function of the myofibrillar apparatus. Th neuromuscular syndrome of our case is similar to the muscular disorder described by Torbergsen (1975), but in addition histochemical and electron microscopic studies of the muscle showed morphological abnormalities not related to any specific muscle disease. Furthermore, a cerebellar syndrome attributed to a cerebellar atrophy was the patient's main complaint. Both the neuromuscular syndrome and the cerebellar disorder were semeiologically independent of each other. PMID- 7211177 TI - Albumin extravasation in bicuculline-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction. A comparison between endogeneous and 125I-labeled exogeneous serum albumin. AB - The extravasation of endogeneous rat albumin and exogeneous 125I-labeled human serum albumin was compared in rats subjected to bicuculline-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction. The correlation between rocket immunoelectrophoretic assays of endogeneous rat albumin and 125I-labeled human serum albumin, assayed by gamma scintillation counting, was good respective of whether 125I-labeled albumin was studies in whole brain tissue or in brain homogenates. The ratio of brain to serum albumin was similar with the two assay methods. PMID- 7211178 TI - Risk factors in multiple sclerosis: tuberculin reactivity, age at measles infection, tonsillectomy and appendectomy. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with the occurrence of viral or bacterial diseases, with vaccinations, or with operative events during childhood. Our reference population was 198,000 persons recorded in the register of school health records from the Copenhagen council. We compared 92 MS patients contained in the register with matched controls from the register, three for each patients. Risk of MS was inversely associated with a positive tuberculin skin test at age 7 years, i.e. with exposure to tuberculosis before the age of 7, possibly also with the occurrence of measles infection before age 7 (not statistically significant). Disease risk was not significantly related to other viral or bacterial infections of childhood, nor to routine vaccinations, tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy or appendectomy. Our findings suggest a difference between MS patients and controls with respect to environment before school age, the former being less exposed to air-borne infections. PMID- 7211179 TI - Birth order and risk of multiple sclerosis: are they associated and how? AB - By analyzing birth order distribution in 107 patients with multiple sclerosis. Conditionally to the number of siblings in the 107 families, patients' mean birth order is significantly greater than expected. The number of patients whose bith order is equal to one is significantly smaller than the corresponding expected value. The present finding is in contrast to recent results observed by Isager et al. (1980) and this potential association deserves to be further investigated. PMID- 7211180 TI - Familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy - type 1. A neurophysiological study of peripheral nerve function. AB - Twenty-four consecutive patients with familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (type 1), who were at different stages of the disease were investigated. The purpose was to report the electrophysiological features and to compare them with those found in other generalized neuropathies; 12 cases were familiar and 12 cases were sporadic. The diagnosis was confirmed by examining the occurrence of amyloid substance in rectal or skin biopsies or both. Single fiber EMG with fiber density determination showed signs of collateral innervation, prominent in advanced cases, and a disturbance of neuromuscular function similar to that of progressive spinal motorneuron disease. Action potentials from afferent fibers were not obtained in 91% of the nerves in the lower and 49% of the nerves in the upper extremities. When sensory or motor or slightly subnormal. The neurophysiological findings indicate a symmetrical axonal degeneration, starting in the legs. Familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy should be suspected in cases of rapidly progressing polyneuropathy of axonal type with onset in middle age, irrespective of whether they are hereditary or not. PMID- 7211181 TI - Serial measurements of quantitative EEG and cerebral blood flow and circulation time after brain infarction. AB - The quantitative EEG (QEEG), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and circulation time of 17 patients were examined semisimultaneously thrice during the first 3 months after a cerebral supratentorial infarction. The EEG was quantified according to normalized slope descriptor technique in nine patients and by means of a combined period and amplitude analysis in eight patients. Intravenously injected isotopes 133Xenon and 99TcmO4 were used for blood flow and circulation time measurements. The QEEG-values improved during the whole follow-up period. Cerebral blood flow stayed low for all 3 months and did not alter during this period, while initially prolonged circulation time to some extent improved within 2 weeks remaining, however, prolonged even thereafter. A tendency for a positive correlation between QEEG and rCBF values in the infarcted hemisphere could be seen. PMID- 7211182 TI - Long-term prognosis after transient ischemic attacks. AB - A retrospective follow-up study of 243 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) is reported. The long-term mortality of the patients was higher than that of the corresponding general population. It is demonstrated that the excess mortality over the whole period of observation, irrespective of the age and sex of the patients, can be characterized by a single figure expressing the slope of the curve obtained by semilogarithmic plotting of the ratios of observed to expected survival against time. The use of this numerical expression--in the present series -0.04--will thus facilitate comparisons of the survival of TIA patients drawn from different populations. Unfavourable prognostic factors were: carotid TIA, associated extracerebral disease, and a history of hypertension. Fatal strokes, being four times as frequent as expected according to published incidence figures, accounted for 20% of the deaths, heart disease 38%. Stroke deaths tended to occur earlier than cardiac deaths. The results support the concept that most TIAs, like strokes, are incidents in the progressive course of a generalized vascular disease. The finding of a constant excess mortality over the years following a TIA makes it difficult to recommend a discontinuation of prophylactic therapy at any particular time. PMID- 7211183 TI - Cystometry and mictometry as tools in diagnosing neurogenic impotence. AB - Thirty-six males with erective impotence underwent neurological and urological examinations. Six of the patients were known to have a neurological disorder at the time of referral (four multiple sclerosis, one myelomeningocele, one diabetic polyneuropathy). Four further cases of neurological disorders were found (one multiple sclerosis, one myelopathy of unknown cause, one Shy-Drager syndrome, one sequelae of sacral herpes zoster). Five of these 10 patients gave a history of urinary troubles, but in all of them objective signs of bladder dysfunction were found at cystometry and/or mictometry. Among the 26 patients with impotence and no indication of a neurological disorder all invariably had normal cystometrograms, though some had abnormal mictiograms, probably due to local urological disorders. A neurological examination should be included in the evaluation of patients with erective impotence. Cystometry and mictometry may be of value by giving additional indications that the impotence is neurogenic. This is explained by the fact that the anatomical structures regulating sexual function lie close to corresponding structures regulating bladder function at the spinal level. PMID- 7211184 TI - Effects of withdrawal from long-term diphenylhydantoin treatment on audiogenic and maximal electroshock-induced seizures in rats. AB - Rats withdrawal from long-term diphenylhydantoin treatment (DPH) were tested for their sensibility to convulsant stimuli. Animals were more sensitive to convulsions elicited by maximal electroshock and sound, respectively, at 48 and 72 h after drug removal. These results suggest that long-term DPH treatment might develop a central nervous system supersensitivity state. PMID- 7211185 TI - Free fatty acid patterns in normal and multiple sclerosis white matter. AB - The relative compositions of free fatty acids (FFA) in white matter from six multiple sclerosis (MS) and seven control brains were determined by gas chromatography. The major components of all samples were oleic, stearic and palmitic acids, with lesser amounts of arachidonic acid, and a long chain fatty acid, identified as 24:4. MS samples had significantly less of the 24:4 fraction compared with controls, but no other differences were noted. The spectrum of FFA was similar in most respects to those reported for phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol esters. This supports current theories that a major pathway of lipid catabolism in the brain involves transfer of fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine to cholesterol. PMID- 7211186 TI - Results from 88 consecutive prophylactic carotid endarterectomies in cerebral infarction and transitory ischemic attacks. AB - Thirty-two patients with transitory ischemic attacks (TIA), 55 with cerebral infarction (minor stroke) and one with a disturbing bruise underwent carotid endarterectomy during a 4 year period. Within the first 2 weeks postoperatively, 10 patients (11%) had developed new neurological symptoms from the operated side. Two patients died postoperatively due to major stroke and 2 patients developed persistent neurological deficits, yielding a total operative mortality and permanent morbidity rate of 4.5%. In the other 6 patients, the neurological signs and symptoms disappeared completely within one month. During a follow-up for an average of 21 months, the only symptoms from the operated side were TIA in 2 patients, while 3 patients developed TIA and 5 infarctions from other vascular territories. PMID- 7211187 TI - Transient global amnesia -- its clinical and pathophysiological basis and prognosis. AB - 28 patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) were followed for a mean period of 73 months. The patients fell into 3 diagnostic groups: a group where patients had associated symptoms and signs of transient focal cerebral ischemia (TIA), a migraine group and a miscellaneous group. 22 patients had evidence of cerebrovascular disease or risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, and a vascular basis for the amnesic attack was highly suggestive in 25 patients. During the follow-up period 2 patients died, 3 had recurrent TGA and 13 developed a completed stroke or suffered from further TIA's. Permanent memory impairment was encountered in 9 cases. An unfavourable course was related to the presence of other TIA manifestations and/or risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. The study indicates that TGA is probably due to transient ischemia in the vertebrobasilar arterial distribution area. TGA per se has a good prognosis, but the coexistence of risk factor or manifest cerebrovascular disease implies a high rate of a subsequent completed stroke or permanent memory impairment. PMID- 7211188 TI - Temporal lobe epilepsy -- not a consequence of childhood febrile convulsions in Denmark. AB - Temporal lobe epilepsy in particular has been considered a consequence of childhood febrile convulsions. Previous studies have dealt with populations of epileptic children. This retrospective, follow-up study concerns 362 children with a primary diagnosis of febrile convulsions. 4% developed epilepsy. When followed into early adulthood one half of those remitted. The incidence of temporal lobe epilepsy among the none-remitters did not differ from that of a random population of epileptics. PMID- 7211189 TI - The incidence and clinical presentation of neurosyphilis in Greater Copenhagen 1974 through 1978. AB - The incidence of neurosyphilis in the Greater Copenhagen region was found to be 0.30 per 100,000 inhabitants per year within a 5 year period. This figure is higher than incidence found in other studies from the last decades, but does not represent a statistically significant rise. Using hospital records from relevant departments 23 patients were described. General paresis and meningovascular cases were the most common manifestations. A tendency towards a changing clinical pattern of neurosyphilis was confirmed. Dementia and personality changes were the most frequently observed clinical symptoms. The classical signs of tabes dorsalis were seen in only very few patients. Stroke was a common manifestation. We recommend Standard Serological Tests for Syphilis to be carried out in patients under 60 years of age with cerebrovascular diseases, dementia and in patients where neurosyphilis could be even a remote diagnostic possibility. PMID- 7211190 TI - Protein patterns of the cerebrospinal fluid of 30 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). AB - Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 30 cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) was studied for total protein and protein electrophoresis. Total CSF protein values were normal in almost all the cases, but the gamma globulin was increased and had an oligoclonal morphology in all the cases. Absolute and relative values of some of the other electrophoretic fractions were decreased. Total protein and electrophoretic serum values in 25 cases did not differ significantly from the controls, although the gamma-globulin presented an oligoclonal morphology in 13 cases. CSF immunoglobulins were determined in 10 cases; IGG was increased in ll; IgA was traceable and slightly increased in only four cases; IgM was not found. These findings point to the intrathecal synthesis of IgG and the absence of barrier impairment. The decrease of the absolute values of some of the other CSF proteins suggests that homeostatic mechanisms for protein concentration in the CSF are maintained in SSPE. PMID- 7211191 TI - Normal plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in non-treated and treated Parkinson patients. AB - Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity (DBH) was estimated in 50 drug-free Parkinson patients, 30 of whom had never been treated, in 26 patients treated chronically with L-Dopa, and in 44 controls. 22 of the drug-free patients were examined again after two weeks treatment with L-Dopa plus decarboxylase inhibitor. In disagreement with other reports, no differences were found among the groups and no change in the enzyme activity occurred after treatment, although urinary homovanillic acid increased 20 fold. Low DBH activities could not be attributed to the age of onset or duration of illness, main symptom, depression, autonomic disturbances, or duration of drug treatment. The only difference was found in patients with dementia associated to their illness, who showed low enzyme activities. PMID- 7211192 TI - Morphometric analysis of secretory granules and prolactin levels in chromophobe pituitary adenoma. AB - Morphometric analysis of secretory granules was performed in 16 chromophobe adenomas: seven undifferentiated cell adenomas (group A), two of which were accompanied by mild hyperprolactinemia and nine prolactin cell sparsely granulated adenomas (group B), all associated with hyperprolactinemia. The results of morphometry were correlated with levels of prolactin in tumor and serum. The range of granule diameters was similar in both groups but granule size frequency was different resulting in a characteristic histogram for each group. Poor relationship existed between granule mean diameter and prolactin in tissue of the group B. In the same group there was virtually no linear relationship between serum prolactin on one side and granule mean diameter, granule density or tissue prolactin on the other. Also in the group B a paradoxical inverse relationship was found between granule density and tumor prolactin. Apparently, in prolactin cell adenoma a sizable part of hormone is located outside of mature secretory granules. An abundance of immature granules, misplaced exocytosis, crinophagia or defect in packaging of the hormone could all explain this paradox but the last possibility seems most plausible. PMID- 7211193 TI - Marchiafava-Bignami disease, striatal degeneration, and other neurological complications of chronic alcoholism in a Japanese. AB - A Japanese man with a variety of neurological complications, had drunk Japanese rice wine (sake) daily for about 25 years. There was a progressive development of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and mental deterioration by the time he was 32. He died of pneumonia at age 50 and the autopsy revealed Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD), striatal degeneration, pseudolaminar sclerosis of Morel, atrophy of the corpus mamillare and pons, cortical cerebellar atrophy, pseudopellagra, and polyneuropathy. This is the first case of MBD in a Japanese related to the ingestion of Japanese "sake", and it is also a rare case in that almost all of the neurological complications seen with chronic alcoholism were apparent. Striatal degeneration seems to be a rare complication of chronic alcoholism. PMID- 7211194 TI - Characterization of an established human malignant glioma cell line: LN-18. AB - A human malignant glioma cell line, LN-18, has been established in monolayer culture and subcultured for more than 115 passages. LN-18 cells grow in vitro as bipolar or stellate cells with pleomorphic nuclei, have a doubling time of about 72 h and a plating efficiency of 3%. The glial nature of these cells has been assessed by ultrastructural examination. The synthesis of glial fibrillary acidic and S-100 proteins could not be demonstrated, although the initial biopsy tissue and the early cultures were positive for the former. The presence of Ia-like antigens on the surface of these cells was demonstrated using allo and xeno antisera. LN-18 cells were also shown to synthesize large quantities of fibronectin. The injection of LN-18 cells into nude mice induced the formation of solid tumor masses that could be retransplanted every 3 weeks and showed a morphology comparable to that of the initial biopsy. Karyotype analysis revealed the presence of three marker chromosomes, constantly present before and after hetero-transplantation. PMID- 7211195 TI - Alternate culture and animal passage of human glioma. AB - The method of the alternate culture and animal passage was introduced in the study of human glioma. For animal passage the hereditary asplenicathymic (lasat) mice were used as a carrier. Because the lasat mice have practically no cellular and only little humoral immunity, the rate of tumor take was expected to be raised, and successful results were obtained. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical (GFA protein) studies were also done. The overgrowth of stromal elements in reculture of tumors in lasat mice was less vigorous than in athymic nude mice. After four passages through lasat mice, an established well differentiated cell nests, and this alternate culture and animal passage suggested to enhance the differentiation and growth capacity. After three passages through lasat mice, the tumor line, KNS-42-L, produced tumors also in athymic nude mice and their histological features were essentially the same as those in lasat mice, and hence the lasat mice could be saved. PMID- 7211196 TI - Effects of several lipidosis-inducing drugs upon the area postrema and adjacent medullary nuclei of adult rats. II. Axonal alternations. PMID- 7211197 TI - Segmental demyelination in the peripheral nerves of mice affected by a hereditary neuropathy (dystonia musculorum). AB - A teased fibre and electron-microscopical study was carried out on the sciatic nerves of mice affected with the peripheral neuropathy in dystonia musculorum. Widespread segmental demyelination was present in all the nerves. Focal axon swellings were also seen, but were relatively scarce and similar in appearance to post-traumatic reactive swellings. The variability of dystonic internodal lengths was indicative of segmental demyelination rather than axonal degeneration. The largely motor fibres of the phrenic nerve were seen to undergo a similar degenerative process, but with a later onset and more gradual progression. Segmental demyelination was found to be present before axon swellings and other degenerative changes became visible in developing phrenic nerve. Demyelination is thus an important pathological process in dystonia musculorum, and the present observations are consistent with a primary segmental demyelinating disorder in dystonic peripheral nerve. PMID- 7211198 TI - Metastatic brain tumors induced by injected of syngeneic tumor cells into cerebral circulation in rats. PMID- 7211199 TI - Hexachlorophene and the central nervous system. Toxic effects in mice and baboons. AB - A study on hexachlorophene encephalopathy in mice and baboons is reported. By light microscopy, a severe spongiform lesion of the central nervous system (CNS) was localized in the white matter, without myelin breakdown or cellular reaction. By electron microscopy, the myelin alteration was characterized by wide intralamellar spaces or "splitting" developed in the intraperiod line of compact sheaths. The acute changes described were induced by administration of the drug by the digestive or cutaneous routes at various dosage levels in an aqueous solution or in talcum powder. The toxic effects depended on the age of the animals, the survival times and the concentrations of hexachlorophene, i.e., 6%, 3%, and 0.5%. The findings are compared with previous reports on the neurotoxicity of hexachlorophene and other chemicals in human and experimental animals. Hexachlorophene cannot be recommended for use in young infants because of its neurotoxicity in very low doses as demonstrated in the present report. PMID- 7211200 TI - Synaptic morphology in the human locus ceruleus. PMID- 7211202 TI - Spinal epidermoid cyst in the mouse. An ultrastructural study. AB - Ultrastructural features of epidermoid cysts in the spinal leptomeninges were studied in two strains of mouse. Although the cysts were lined by stratified squamous epithelium, the normal sequence of epidermal differentiation in this epithelium was not observed in that the basal cell layer was absent in certain areas. The morphological features and genesis of this phenomenon are briefly discussed. PMID- 7211201 TI - Alterations in neuron morphology in feline mannosidosis. A Golgi study. AB - Studies using the Golgi method were performed on neocortical and cerebellar tissues from a 9-month-old cat with a history of progressive neurological deterioration and a subsequently demonstrated deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-D-mannosidase in both neural and non-neural tissues. Many cortical pyramidal neurons demonstrated morphological alterations involving formation of abnormal enlargements (meganeurites) at the axon hillock-initial segment area, abnormal sprouting of neurites (secondary neurites) in this same region, and various types of dendritic changes, such as formation of focal enlargements, thinning, and spine loss. Many nonpyramidal neurons also were abnormal but displaced only dendritic changes similar to those seen in pyramidal neurons. Cerebellar Purkinje cells displayed dendritic systems marked by focal swellings and often demonstrated one or more enlargements within axons (axonal spheroids) at some distance from otherwise normal-appearing cell bodies. Feline mannosidosis appears to be another of the lysosomal storage diseases in which highly specialized morphological changes accompany storage of unmetabolized substrate and contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease process. PMID- 7211203 TI - Distribution of the neuronal specific protein, 14-3-2, in central nervous system lesions of tuberous sclerosis. AB - The distribution of a neuronal specific enolase (14-3-2) in the central nervous system (CNS) lesions of tuberous sclerosis (TS) was examined using antiserum to 14-3-2 and the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method of Sternberger. In cortical tubers all the giant cells had intense cytoplasmic staining. Only occasional cells in the subependymal nodules were stained. All cells in the subependymal giant cell tumors were intensely stained. This indicates that the cortical giant cells and the giant cell subependymal tumors are of neuronal rather than astrocytic origin. PMID- 7211204 TI - Central pontine myelinolysis. A study of 37 cases in 1,000 consecutive autopsies. PMID- 7211205 TI - The astrocytic nature of glioblastoma demonstrated by tissue culture. AB - Forty-eight cerebral astrocytomas and glioblastomas were studied by tissue culture for two purposes: (a) the establishment of a definite growth pattern of cerebral astrocytomas and (b) the comparison of this growth pattern and that of glioblastomas. According to the grade of malignancy the series was divided into four groups: low-, middle-, and high-grade astrocytomas and undifferentiated glioblastomas. All the astrocytomas showed the same growth pattern with two successive phases. First, bipolar cells in radial arrangement emigrated from the explant, whereas in the last weeks, multipolar astrocytic-like cells in reticular arrangement predominated. The more malignant the cases, the more prolonged the bipolar phase, with retardation of the development of multipolar cells. Glioblastomas showed the same behavior with maximal persistence of the bipolar phase. On this basis, we believe that (a) cerebral astrocytomas have a characteristic behavior in vitro and (b) the glioblastoma is an astrocytic tumor showing maximal dedifferentiation. PMID- 7211206 TI - Pallido-nigro-luysial atrophy with massive appearance of corpora amylacea in the CNS. AB - A case of pallido-nigro-luysial atrophy, characterized by symptoms typical of progressive supranuclear palsy, presented (1) severe symmetrical abiotrophic degeneration of the globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus and (2) widespread accumulations of corpora amylacea in the CNS. The former is thought to be consistent with pallido-nigro-luysial atrophy and we regard it as a combined system degeneration of both the pallido-nigral and the pallido-luysial systems. The significance of the latter is quite obscure. As far as we know, only three cases of pallido-nigro-luysial atrophy have been reported. However, there is no reported case of this disorder with such widespread and massive accumulations of corpora amylacea as in our case. PMID- 7211207 TI - Fetal Krabbe leukodystrophy. A morphologic study of two cases. AB - Two new cases of Krabbe disease were diagnosed prenatally in a family with two previous affected children. The activity of galactosylceramide-beta-galactosidase was virtually absent in cultured amniotic cells. The prenatal diagnosis was confirmed enzymatically in cultured fibroblasts, brain, and visceral organs. Light and electron microscopy studies in both fetuses, 20 and 23 weeks of gestational age respectively, revealed the presence of typical globoid cells in the white matter of the spinal cord. Specific inclusions were also found in the brain stem and in peripheral nerves of the second fetus. A comparison with other Krabbe disease fetuses described in the literature contributes to the consensus that abnormal morphological findings can be expected in particular in the most actively myelinating areas of the nervous system. Although most of the cells containing the specific inclusions are probably non-glial in nature, some of them could represent myelination glia. PMID- 7211209 TI - [Histological and histochemical observation of cultured cells derived from normal human cervical epithelium (author's transl)]. AB - Growth pattern and cellular properties of primary cultured cells of normal human cervical epithelium were studied by light-and electron microscopy and investigated histochemically. The results are as follows. 1) Original squamous epithelium area: The outgrowth of squamous cells was seen in a pavement like pattern. The size of cytoplasm and nucleus was larger than in vivo cells. The surface of the cells having large N/C ratio was covered by short microvilli, and the cells having small N/C ratio was covered by microridges. In the findings of transmission electron microscopy, irregularly arranged desmosomes and abundant tonofibrils were observed but glycogen particles were almost absent. 2) Endocervical epithelium area: The outgrowth of endocervical cells was seen in a wave and whirl pattern. The cultured cells were slightly stained with PAS, mucicarmine and alkaline phosphatase staining. The surface of these cells was covered by granular microvilli and a few cells had cilia. A tight junction was observed between these cells and a small number of secretory granule like structures were also found. Among these cells, polygonal cells were found. The cells were stained with alkaline phosphatase, and covered by granular microvilli and microridges. The cells sometimes had small amounts of tonofibrils and a small number of secretory granule like structures in the same cells. From these findings polygonal cells were thought to be metaplastic cells. Generally, cultured cells remained the morphologic property of their original cells, but functionally decreased in the production of glycogen in cultured squamous cells, and secretion of mucin in cultured endocervical cells. PMID- 7211208 TI - The demonstration of recurrent demyelination and remyelination of axons in the central nervous system. AB - A model for studying recurrent demyelination and remyelination in the central nervous system was developed by means of repeated administration of Cuprizone to mice. In contrast to the demyelination seen during the first course of Cuprizone, the recurrent demyelination was markedly protracted, displayed features of a "dying-back" gliopathy, and resulted in a greatly reduced inflammatory and glial reaction. The repeat remyelination also occurred at a slower tempo, varied markedly in completeness, and was associated with a diminished regeneration of oligodendrocytes. These results demonstrated that axons of the central nervous system in this model can be recurrently remyelinated if oligodendrocytes are available, that regeneration of oligodendrocytes is dependent upon the tissue reaction to demyelination, and that remyelinated axons are not more susceptible to demyelination than normal ones. PMID- 7211210 TI - [Studies on LMIT of cervical cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211211 TI - [An ultrastructural study of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube (author's transl)]. AB - Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is one of the least common neoplasms arising from the female genital tract with rare preoperative correct diagnosis. Recently, we had chances to experience two cases of this tumor, one of which was examined electron microscopically. Both of them revealed the well-differentiated pattern of papillary adenocarcinoma. Electron microscopically, most of the cancer cells had pleomorphic nuclei, giant or multiple nucleoli, numerous mitochondria, poorly developed rER and abundant polysomes. Small number of cells rich in lysosome-like granules were also observed near the basement membrane. Among the cancer cells, "ultrastructural alveolar spaces", composed of several cancer cells, were prominent. In the cancer cells, there were observed the following interesting observations; annulate lamellae-like structure, unusual bundles of the filamentous elements and lamellar body-like structures. Normal tubal epithelium consisted of ciliated cells, secretory cells, peg cells and so-called "indifferent cells". The fact that the present tumor had no ciliated cells and few secretory cells indicated that this tumor was originated from "indifferent cells" or peg cells. PMID- 7211212 TI - [The effect of human cord plasma on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine by PHA stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes of cervical cancer patient (author's transl)]. AB - It has been proposed that human cord plasma can suppress the PHA response of adult lymphocytes. To compare the suppressive effects between plasma from cancer patients and human cord plasma, we investigated the PHA responses of lymphocytes which were sampled from patients with various stages of cervical cancer and cancer free women, by adding cancer auto-plasma, human cord plasma and control plasma. The PHA responses of normal lymphocytes cultured with plasma from patients with 2nd and advanced stage of cancer were suppressed, but they were not suppressed by the plasma from O-I stage of cancer. The addition of control plasma enhanced PHA responses of lymphocytes of the 2nd and advanced stage of cancer, but no changes were observed in the lymphocytes from O-I stage of cancer. These results suggest that inhibitory factor does not appear in the plasma from the patients with O-I stage of cervical cancer. Human cord plasma moderately suppressed the PHA responses of normal lymphocytes; it also suppressed the PHA responses of lymphocytes from O-I stage of cancer. However, the PHA responses of lymphocytes from 2nd and advanced stage of cancer were improved significantly. Cord plasma may have a factor which promotes the PHA responses of lymphocytes from advanced cancer. PMID- 7211213 TI - [Histological grading of hydatidiform mole (author's transl)]. AB - This study was performed to seek possibility of selecting the high risk group in the patients with hydatidiform mole at its delivery. The histologic specimens from 83 patients with hydatidiform mole were reviewed and classified by modified Hertig's grading. Lymphocyte count of peripheral blood was also studied as an immunological index. I. There were 36 Grade I cases, 16 Grade IIa, 23 Grade IIb, and 8 Grade III cases. Two subsequent destructive moles were found from the patients with Grade I, three from Grade IIb, and two from Grade III respectively. The incidence of developing subsequent destructive mole was 6% in Grade I, 8% in Grade II, and 25% in Grade III. II. There was no correlation between histological grading and patients age nor weeks in gestation. When the ratio of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast was considered, most of Grade II or III cases were obtained from those in whom the cytotrophoblast prevailed over syncytiotrophoblast. III. The patients with lymphocyte less than 1500/mm3 in their peripheral blood were apt to take abnormal clinical course comparing to those with lymphocyte more than 1501/mm3. The more accurate prediction of clinical course was suggested by combination of histological grading and lymphocyte count. PMID- 7211215 TI - [Correlation of human cervical ripening and glycoconjugates (glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins) (author's transl)]. AB - In order to elucidate the role of glycoconjugates on human cervical ripening, glycoconjugates and glycogen obtained from the human non-pregnant cervix uteri in the proliferative phase and secretory phase, and those from the postpartum cervix uteri, were determined chemically. The results were as follows: 1) The water content and the total quantity of glycoconjugates (mg/g dry tissues) of the postpartum cervix uteri were more than those of the non-pregnant cervix uteri. 2) In the fractionations of neutral glycoconjugates, there was a marked decrease of the quantity of glycogen in the postpartum cervix uteri, but in the case of neutral glycopeptides, no difference could be found among the above three tissues. 3) In the fractionations of acidic glycoconjugates, there was a marked increase in the quantities of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate A and C, heparan sulfate and acidic glycopeptides and a slight decrease of dermatan sulfate in the postpartum cervix uteri. Furthermore, in determining the unsaturated disaccharides in the digestion of chondroitin sulfate A and C in the three tissues by chondroitinase AC-II, the appearance of delta Di-4S was 87--90%, while the rest was delta Di-6S. In other words, most of them were made of chondroitin sulfate A. It was estimated that there was almost nothing unsulfated and oversulfated in these carbohydrate chains, because no delta Di-OS and delta Di-DiS were found. Similarly, as for unsaturated disaccharides of the digestion elements of dermatan sulfate by chondroitinase ABC, delta Di-4S and delta Di-6S appeared to the same degree as the above. It was found that dermatan sulfate was made from a hybrid chain combination. But in the postpartum cervix uteri, there was a slight appearance of delta Di-OS. It was suggested that there was slight amount of unsulfated disaccharide unit in the carbohydrate chain. PMID- 7211214 TI - [Early detection of recurrent uterine cervical cancers (author's transl)]. AB - In the treatise the authors aimed to find some early signs of aggravation on the treated uterine cervical cancers by routine clinical methods. Initially nine autopsy materials died of cancer were studied to survey the anatomical spreading and each documented. Then their ante mortem findings were summarized to review. Secondarily chief complains and clinical manifestations collected above were investigated among twenty one patients who were clearly attacked and/or died of recurrence. As a control thirteen patients free from the disease were encountered. Progressive pain associated with edema either in ipsilateral low back, limbs or lower abdomen was one of the most suspicious signs of intra-pelvic recurrence. Palpable noduli and thickening of parametrial areas and pelvic walls were as well a sign of exacerbation, if they appeared after treatments. Repeating urinary infection and aggravating hydro-nephrosis et-ureter frequently implied an insidious sign of pelvic recurrence. Continuing obstinate cough may be suggestive for pulmonary metastasis and needs chest roentgenogram. Increased serum alkaline phosphatase, LDH and ESR, and decreased peripheral lymphocyte count were frequently observed in the recurrent group. A suspicious or positive vaginal cytology was mostly indicative for pathological examination that would give us a final validity. Biopsy was done for superficial enlargements. PMID- 7211217 TI - [The significance of plasma oxytocin in pregnancy and at parturition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211216 TI - [A study on the correlation between immune responses and histopathological changes of primary lesion in patients with cervical cancer following radiation therapy (author's transl)]. AB - From an immunological viewpoint, histological changes of stromal cell reactions and regional lymph nodes were observed in uterine cervical cancer patients who received test irradiation. Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction, peripheral lymphocyte blastoid transformation, and peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations were also studied. 1) The variation of stromal reaction after test irradiation was analogous to that of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. 2) There was a significant correlation between the degree of stromal reaction and skin reactivity to PPD and PHA. Stromal reaction increased in proportion to PPD skin reactivity after test irradiation. 3) The degree of stromal reaction was not correlated with the ability of lymphocyte blastoid transformation and peripheral T-lymphocyte counts. 4) The prognosis was good in the cases that showed marked stromal reaction and greater enlargement of the regional lymph nodes. 5) The radiosensitivity score was correlated to PPD skin reactivity. From these observations, it was presumed that the host immunity had an effect on the curative course of uterine cervical cancer and stromal reaction was one of the histological parameters that demonstrated immune reactions. PMID- 7211218 TI - [Nonspecific in vitro cytotoxicity of activated human macrophages on human tumor cells (author's transl)]. AB - In experimental animals, it has been established that macrophages activated by various stimulants act as effector cells in the inhibition of tumor growth. The present study aims at determination of in vitro effect of activated human macrophages on the growth of human tumors. In the presence of human macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity and activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, 3H-thymidine (TdR) uptake by human tumor cells was significantly inhibited but that by normal human diploid cells was not. Neither non-activated macrophages nor culture supernatant of the LPS-activated macrophages inhibited 3H TdR uptake by the tumor cells. Under a phase microscopy, it was observed that activated macrophages attached to tumor cells and degeneration occurred afterward in the tumor cells attached by macrophages. Electronmicroscopically plasma membranes of activated macrophages fitted in closely with the plasma membranes of tumor cells, and microvilli of both cell types protruded to interdigitate each other. From all these results, it was concluded that the inhibition of tumor growth by the activated macrophages stems from the close attachment of the macrophages to the target tumor cells, but not from any mediators produced by the activated macrophages. PMID- 7211220 TI - [Hydatidiform mole concurrent with normal pregnancy (twins) following clomiphene therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211219 TI - Production of blood capillary contracting substance after administration of estrogen to rabbit. AB - Estradiol was continuously injected to female rabbits with a daily dose of 10,000 units for 50 days, and androgen was similarly given to male rabbits. Samples were obtained from livers of these rabbits according to the method of "placental capillary contracting substance", and their capillary contracting activities were determined. A substance showing a high activity was obtained from the liver of the rabbit treated with estradiol. A capillary contracting substance was also extracted from the urine of pregnant women, but it was hardly obtained from the urine of normal men. PMID- 7211221 TI - [A case of pregnancy following the steroid treatment of sterile man with antisperm antibody (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211222 TI - [Surface ultrastructural cyclic change of the human uterine glandular and lining epithelia. A scanning electron microscopic study (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study is to take advantage of scanning electron microscopy on the topographic alterations of the human uterine glandular epithelium which occur during the various stages of the menstrual cycle. 1) Both glandular and lining epithelia were mainly covered with nonciliated cells which reflected the cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle. In the early proliferative phase, microvilli were short and the apical cellular membrane slightly protruded, however microvilli and the apical cellular membrane gradually developed toward the end of proliferative phase. Compared with the surface epithelium, the glandular epithelium showed a monotonous change because of the uniform surface structure. 2) Numerous ciliogenesis can be observed on the lining epithelium in the late proliferative phase. In contrast, ciliogenesis could not be recognized in the glandular epithelium. 3) In the glandular epithelium, an apocrine type of secretion was recognized for several days after ovulation and they were seen to cluster occasionally. It was suggested that the secretion activity differed among various parts of the endometrial gland. 4) The menopausal phase was divided into two groups: the early stage of the postmenopausal phase resembled the early proliferative phase and had a fusiform and flattened cells with slender microvilli. Ciliated cells were seen in clusters. On the other hand, the advanced postmenopausal phase had uniform flattened cells with sparse microvilli and ciliated cells were extremely rare. 5) The lining epithelium of a female fetus was recognized with a slight protrusion of the apical cellular membrane with long microvilli. PMID- 7211223 TI - [Studies on specific markers of hormone-dependence in endometrial carcinoma : estradiol receptors and uterine peroxidase (author's transl)]. AB - Both cytosol estradiol-17 beta (E2) receptors and uterine peroxidase were detected in normal uterine tissues of rat and hamster, however, they were not detected when the tissues were cultivated in vitro. Uterine peroxidase was specifically induced by the administration of E2 in these normal uterine tissues in vivo. On the other hand, malignant tissues formed by the transplantation of uterine and mammary adenocarcinoma cells showed hormone-independence. Neither cytosol E2 receptors nor peroxidase was detected in these malignant tissues. These results indicate that, in addition of E2 receptors, peroxidase induction by E2 is a specific marker for hormone-dependence in both normal and abnormal uterine tissues. PMID- 7211224 TI - [Steroid hormone concentrations in human endometrium and plasma (author's transl)]. AB - Concentrations of progesterone (P), 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20P), 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17P), androstenedione (A), estrone (E1) estradiol (E2) in endometrium and peripheral blood taken simultaneously from normally menstruating women in the course of hysterectomy were determined by radioimmunological assay. The mean concentration of P in the endometrium in the follicular phase was significantly lower than that in the luteal phase, whereas the mean E2 content in the follicular phase was significantly higher than that of the luteal phase. Six steroids examined were divided into 3 groups according to the ratio of the concentrations in the endometrium vs. plasma. The E2 and E1 groups were of high ratios and 17P and A groups were low ratios in both the follicular and the luteal phase. The concentrations of P and 20P in the endometrium vs. plasma in the luteal phase were correlated well. The results suggest that the steroid concentrations in the endometrium were related to the steroid receptors, steroid metabolisms and plasma steroid concentrations. Thus simultaneous determination of steroid hormone contents in plasma and endometrium seems to provide useful information concerning the functional abnormalities of endometrium. PMID- 7211225 TI - [Experimental teratoma by fetectomy in the rats : influence of ovariectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Twelve days after mating, all the fetuses were removed and fetal membrane with yolk sac were left outside of the uterus following the method reported by Sorbis and Vandeputte (1974). About the half of the rats were ovariectomized at the laparotomy. The rats were killed at 20 and 40 weeks after treatment and examined. No difference was observed in tumor incidence between fetectomy alone and fetectomy plus ovariectomy at both 20 and 40 weeks and it was about 70%. The size of tumor varied from 2 to 35 mm in diameter. The size of tumors tended to be greater in fetectomy plus ovariectomy compared with fetectomy alone at 20 weeks, but no significant difference was observed at 40 weeks between the two groups. Histologically the tumors were characterized by the presence of a variety of differentiated tissues. Metastases to the visceral part were detected in 2 rats of fetectomy alone and the tumors were diagnosed as yolk sac tumor. These results indicate that sex steroids might influence the teratocarcinogenesis. PMID- 7211226 TI - [Relationship between the onset of labor and prostaglandins in rabbit tissues before and after delivery (author's transl)]. AB - 1) The studies were performed to elucidate the mechanism of onset of labor. It was investigated in relation to the movement of prostaglandins in individual tissues of pregnant rabbits before and after labor with the onset of labor. 2) The rabbit uterus duplex used is convenient material to investigate the movement of PGs in the same rabbit at the different term. 3) The concentrations of PGs were measured by RIA. 4) The concentrations of PGs in blood and amniotic fluid were not essential to explain account for the mechanism of onset labor. 5) From the results of the PGs values before and after labor, we have been considered that the relative PGs at the onset of labor were PG E1 and PG E2 in the placenta. We infer that PG F2 alpha plays a leading role in uterine contraction, because the large amount of PG F2 alpha presented in decidual parietalis during delivery, and PG E1 and PG E2 play a role in uterine contraction, too. PMID- 7211227 TI - [Initiation of labor and the fetal oxytocin contribution (author's transl)]. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the fetal oxytocin (OT) contribution to the instigation and maintenance of human labor. Plasma samples together with placental tissues and myometria were collected in an effort to determine immunoreactive OT concentrations in plasma, oxytocinase activities in placenta and 3H-labeled OT uptake in myometria respectively and the following results were obtained. OT concentrations in the umbilical arterial plasma (UA) at 20 to 24 weeks were doubled at 37 to 42 weeks suggesting the increase of this hormone to occur in the latter half of pregnancy. The UA values at term were significantly higher than that of maternal peripheral and umbilical venous plasma (MPV and UV). OT concentrations in UA and UV showed a linear correlation but not with MPV. The study of labor (+) and labor (-) subjects were performed in cesarean sections as well as in vaginal deliveries. The OT concentrations in UA was higher in cesarean sections with labor pains than without labor pains. In vaginal deliveries, the OT concentrations were much higher. The uptake of biologically active OT estimated by 3H-labeled OT uptake of 20,000 xg precipitate fraction of nonpregnant, first trimester and term myometria were 10.5 plus or minus 3.1, 18.3 plus or minus 6.6 and 35.4 plus or minus 6.6% respectively. While no significant changes of placental oxytocinase activities were found between these specimens. The activities seemed to be lower in cases without labor pain than those with labor pains. These findings suggest that there is OT release from the fetus during labor to participate in the instigation and maintenance of labor with increase of the uterine sensitivity to OT, however it appears to be more active in maintaining labor than in initiating it. PMID- 7211228 TI - Ultrastructure of the nidatory site in tubal pregnancy. AB - Nidatory site of pre-abortive tubal pregnancy, obtained from 41 years old women was studied in both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The nidatory site was basically composed of anchoring villi, trophoblastic column and shell, fibrinoid layer and marked round cell infiltration. In spite of the histologically normal appearance of the chorionic villi, villous syncytiotrophoblast ultrastructurally showed slight tendency of degeneration, being concurrent with blighted ovum. The trophoblast at the trophoblastic column and shell contained a great amount of glycogen which decreased at the distal part near and in the fibrinoid layer. The degenerating trophoblast were surrounded by massive fibrin bundles and fibrin bundles and fibrin-like deposits. The more the degeneration of the trophoblast proceeded, the more the fibrin deposits accumulated around the trophoblast. The trophoblast which ran over the fibrinoid layer was scarcely observed and if there, it showed marked degenerative appearance. These findings suggest the possible role of fibrinoid layer: protection of maternal tissue from trophoblastic invasion, not the protection of fetus from maternal immunological attack. No direct contact such as tight junction, desmosome and so on between trophoblast and maternal cell was observed in the present study, suggesting the formation of special connection with the allogeneic cell, one of the unique characters of the trophoblast, is expressed only when it is primitive in the early stage of development. PMID- 7211229 TI - [Case of placental sulfatase deficiency--its relation to x-linked ichthyosis]. PMID- 7211230 TI - Screening of endometrial carcinoma by lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme analysis of uterine fluid. AB - Determination of total activity for lactate dehydrogenase (LD) as well as electrophoretic separation and quantitative determination of the individual LD isoenzymes was performed in 431 samples of uterine fluid obtained by the Gravlee Jet Wash technique or a described simple device for endouterine aspiration. The isoenzyme pattern for each menstrual phase was characteristic. The study population included 18 patients with endouterine neoplasia. All these malignancies were characterized by increased total LD-activity and/or abnormal distribution of the individual LD-isoenzymes compared to proliferative phase and would consequently have been discriminated at postmenstrual or postmenopausal examination. The LD-enzyme technique proved to be more accurate than cytology with approximately the same number of false positives. PMID- 7211231 TI - Single application of prostaglandin E2 in a viscous gel for induction of labor at term in patients with favorable cervix. AB - A single dose of 0.5 mg prostaglandin E2 in viscous gel was administered intracervically to induce labor in 150 patients with a favorable cervix. All but 5 patients (97 per cent) were delivered within 12 hours. No adverse maternal or fetal effects were registered. The method, which enables induction without primary amniotomy, was easy to perform and well accepted by the patients. PMID- 7211232 TI - Perinatal mortality and differing socioeconomic status. AB - During the last decade the area served by the Public Maternity Hospital was significantly altered on some occasions. The perinatal mortality increased after the alteration of the district and the socioeconomic structure of the population was changed. The socioeconomic structure of the population has been defined and expressed as a socioeconomic factor. The obstetric care was mainly carried out without alteration. The object of the investigation was to determine if the exchange itself or the change in the socioeconomic situation of the population of the district was a cause of the increased perinatal mortality. PMID- 7211233 TI - Treatment with oral estrone sulphate in the female climacteric. I. Influence on lipids. AB - Twenty women in the perimenopause were studied for 12 months during which sodium piperazine-estrone-sulphate 2.5 mg/day was given for 3 weeks out of 4 as a hormone replacement therapy. Blood samples were drawn at the start of therapy, then after 3, 6 and 12 months and analyzed for serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, cholesterol content of high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction and the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin. Triglyceride levels were increased after 3 months (p less than 0.01). After that there was a gradual decline to almost pretreatment levels. Total cholesterol decreased during the latter period of treatment and became virtually normal; significantly lower levels (p less than 0.01) were found at 12 months. The HDL-cholesterol, which constitutes most of the high density lipoprotein fraction, showed a continuous increase and reached statistical significance at 12 months (p less than 0.01). This type of lipoprotein pattern is associated with a reduced risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease. After 3 and 6 months of treatment an increase in the relative content of palmitic acid in serum lecithin was seen, an increase that might indicate an altered liver lecithin synthesis, usually seen in cholestasis. However, after 12 months the palmitic acid level declined and was not significantly altered from the pretreatment value, indicating that the change was transitory. PMID- 7211234 TI - Urological complications of Okabayashi's operation for cervical cancer. AB - It has been suggested that the Okabayashi technique for radical hysterectomy in cervical cancer results in fewer urological complications as compared with the Wertheim-Meigs technique. Of 479 women with cervical cancer operated on consecutively during the period 1963 to 1978 by the Okabayashi operation, 52 (10.8 per cent) had urological complications (17 bladder and ureter injuries, 35 fistulae and strictures). Thirty-five elective urological operations were required (Table IV). Operative mortality related to urological complications was 1/479. Compared with an earlier series of 397 women operated on in our department, mainly by the Wertheim-Meigs operation, the Okabayashi operation did not result in significantly fewer urological complications. However, because of technical advantages and possible better radicality the Okabayashi operation for cervical cancer is still preferred. PMID- 7211236 TI - Fibrinolytic activity of human uterine fluid. AB - Normal biochemical composition of uterine fluid is essential for survival and successful implantation of the blastocyst. Fibrinolytic enzymes are involved in the implantation process. The variation of the fibrinolytic activity of uterine fluid with the phase of the normal menstrual cycle was investigated with the aid of radial enzyme diffusion on fibrin plates. The lytic activity increased during the proliferative phase, reached a maximum in midcycle and then fell to its lowest level during the luteal phase. It increased again in the premenstruum. PMID- 7211235 TI - Neonatal depression after obstetrical analgesia with pethidine. The role of the injection-delivery time interval and of the plasma concentrations of pethidine and norpethidine. AB - Pethidine (100 mg) was administered i.m. to women in labor at different times before delivery. The interval before respiration in the newborn became sustained was shorter if pethidine was given less than one hour before delivery. The respiratory rate of the newborn increased after naloxone injection in 40 per cent of the cases, mostly when intrauterine exposure to pethidine exceeded one hour. The plasma concentrations of pethidine and norpethidine were measured in mother and newborn. The concentrations in the umbilical vein and artery indicted a continuous net transfer of pethidine from mother to fetus for approximately two hours. This correlated with the clinical finding of maximal neonatal depression 2 3 hours after maternal injection. The concentrations of norpethidine increased with a longer time interval between injection and delivery, but were probably too low to have any effect on the newborn. Neonatal depression seems to be related to the amount of unmetabolized pethidine that has been transferred from mother to fetus but not to norpethidine as had been suspected earlier. PMID- 7211237 TI - Fibrinolytic activity of uterine fluid in IUD-users. AB - The influence of an IUD on the fibrinolytic activity of uterine fluid was measured by radial enzyme diffusion on fibrin plates. In samples obtained from 48 women using Cu-IUDs, the fibrinolytic activity in mid-cycle phase was higher than that in the proliferative or the luteal phase. It increased in the premenstrual phase. Individual values before and after insertion of a Cu-T were determined in the proliferative-mid-cycle phase and the luteal phase in a group of 11 women. In contrast to earlier reports on the endometrium, the fibrinolytic activity of uterine fluid was lower after, than before, insertion of an IUD. This may be due to a lower concentration of activators and/or to an increased concentration of inhibitors of plasminogen activation. PMID- 7211238 TI - The frequency of disorders of the lower urinary tract, urinary incontinence in particular, as evaluated by a questionnaire survey in a gynecological health control population. AB - Four thousand four hundred women were examined under the gynecological health control program in Malmo municipality during a period of 11 months. Nine hundred and forty-four (21 per cent) reported that they were troubled by disorders of the urinary tract. These women were given copies of a separate questionnaire, which was subsequently properly answered by 512 women. Of these, 321 (62.7 per cent) indicated urinary incontinence. From the questionnaire alone, it was difficult to characterize the different types of urinary incontinence in the patients. Thus only 42 women (8.2 per cent) seemed to suffer from genuine stress incontinence and 34 women (6.6 per cent) from genuine urge incontinence, whereas 245 (47.9 per cent) had to be characterized as "mixed incontinence". Hence, it is obvious that in several patients suffering from urinary incontinence, written or combined written and oral interviews to not produce a clear-cut diagnosis and that the etiology and treatment of incontinence in these patients may be uncertain. It is concluded that interviews with most patients suffering from urinary incontinence must be supplemented by objective recordings before a definitive diagnosis and treatment can be prescribed. PMID- 7211239 TI - Treatment of pulmonary endometriosis with danazol. AB - A successful treatment of pulmonary endometriosis with Danazol is reported. A 25 year-old woman who suffered from hemoptysis during her menstrual periods was at first treated with lynestrenol, but the hemoptysis recurred immediately after treatment. Following 6 months' therapy with Danazol she has now been symptom-free for 12 months. Danazol appears to have a more lasting effect on ectopic foci of endometriosis than has progestin. PMID- 7211240 TI - Excessive hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis in pregnancy. Association with deficiency of lipoprotein lipase. AB - Acute pancreatitis verified at laparotomy occurred in the 37th week in 1 of 4 women who developed excessive hypertriglyceridemia (type V hyperlipoproteinemia) during pregnancy. The hypertriglyceridemia was associated with and possibly caused by deficiency of lipoprotein lipase, measured as the NaCl sensitive component of post-heparin lipase activity. A severely fat-restricted diet controlled the hypertriglyceridemia in 1 of the patients, followed during a second pregnancy. PMID- 7211242 TI - Pulmonary edema after ritodrine infusion for premature labor in a patient with mitral valve disease. PMID- 7211241 TI - Prediction of fetal pulmonary maturity from amniotic fluid obtained from the vagina after premature rupture of the membranes. A patient treated with dexamethasone. AB - The case presented illustrates the potential of assessing fetal pulmonary maturity by analysing liquor draining vaginally after premature rupture of the membranes. The necessity of carrying out appropriate biochemical tests to detect contamination with maternal urine is emphasized. PMID- 7211243 TI - Hydrocolpometra. AB - A case is reported of a slowly developing hydrocolpometra ultimately resulting in urinary incontinence and difficulty in defecation. PMID- 7211244 TI - Ratio of human placental lactogenic hormone (hPL) in amniotic fluid/maternal serum. AB - The predictive value of the ratio of hPL concentrations in amniotic fluid/maternal serum has been investigated in 24 complicated pregnancies. A correct prediction of the fetal outcome with respect to low birth weight and/or dysmaturity was found in 75 per cent of the pregnancies compared to 67 per cent for total estriol in serum. Serum hPL alone did not seem to have a satisfactory predictive value in this small study. PMID- 7211245 TI - Complicated hydronephrosis of pregnancy. AB - The aggravated course during pregnancy of previously moderate hydronephrosis due to functional obstruction at the pelvi-ureteral junction is described. One patient underwent nephrectomy after parturition, because of severe hematuria, while another woman had a percutaneous nephrostomy in late pregnancy but could complete her pregnancy without further renal damage. PMID- 7211246 TI - Induced first - trimester abortion and fenestration of the uterine wall in a subsequent pregnancy. PMID- 7211247 TI - Human senile cataract. Light- and electron-microscopic studies of the morphology of the anterior lens structures, with special reference of anterior capsular/subcapsular opacity. AB - Light- and electron-microscopic studies of human senile cataractous lenses with and without biomicroscopically detectable anterior capsular/subcapsular opacity (ACSCO) revealed the main difference between the two types of cataract to be in the subepithelial cortex, where ACSCO lenses showed disintegrating cortex fibres, fibres of the deep cortical type and even in some cases collapsed fibres. These findings were considered to be associated with the decomposition and disappearance of the superficial cortex in ACSCO lenses. Numerous mitochondria in the epithelium of ACSCO lenses point towards a high oxidative metabolism, which may facilitate active transport across the epithelium. No difference in capsular surface morphology between cataractous lenses with and without ACSCO was found by scanning electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy showed in both categories of lenses granular inclusions in the capsules, most pronounced in totally opaque lenses. Large intercellular vacuoles were seen in the anterior part of the epithelium, both light- and electron-microscopically in both categories. Consequently, these ultrastructural changes do not seem to form part of the biomicroscopical picture of ACSCO. Based on our study, we prefer the term: ASCO (anterior subcapsular opacity) in place of ACSCO, the latter term having been used by us previously. PMID- 7211248 TI - New visual acuity test for pre-school children. AB - A new test chart was developed for the measurement of visual acuity of pre-school children. The symbols of the test are circle, square, apple and house. These were so designed that each symbol measures visual acuity similarly. This feature of the test was verified experimentally. The visual acuity values measured by the individual symbols correlated highly with the visual acuity values measured with the whole test (0.82-0.86). The correlation between the visual acuity values measured repeatedly, the reliability of the new test, was found to be 0.94 for adult subjects. The new visual acuity test thus fulfils the statistical criteria of a good visual acuity test. Because both children and nurses seem to like the new test, it may be useful in the assessment of visual acuity in pre-school children. PMID- 7211249 TI - Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography. AB - Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography has been further refined for use in both laboratory and clinical investigations. In the present modification of the Zeiss fundus camera all lenses except the aspherical objective lens have been specially antireflection coated to increase light transmission in the spectral region around 800 nm. A 300 watt indium iodide lamp continuous light source has replaced the conventional xenon flash lamp. This light source produces a retinal irradiance of 265 mw, and therefore restricts retinal exposure time to 11.9 seconds, but that time is more than adequate to record passage of dye through the choroid. Spatial resolution of the fundus on the film has been increased from 11.7 microns to 7.4 microns. With these technical refinements the choroidal circulation can be studied at 20 frames per second, which is adequate to document the very rapid movement of blood through the vasculature. ICG angiography may change our interpretations of choroidal circulatory phenomena which are now based on fluorescein angiography, and it clearly is an effective tool in laboratory (experimental) investigations. PMID- 7211250 TI - Electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked response (VER) studies in patients with optic disc drusen. AB - Non-corneal ERGs, recorded from infraorbital skin electrodes to flash stimulation and mid-occipital and parasagittal VERs to both flash stimulation and pattern reversal were performed in 26 patients with optic disc drusen. ERGs were normal in all patients. The mean VER amplitude was lower in the eyes with optic disc drusen than the mean amplitude of VERs in the normals but the interindividual variation was also so great in normals that the difference was not significant. The waveform of the major positive peak was quite often broad or split. VER latencies were usually in normal range although the visual field defects could be rather severe. Some other cause was present when the major positive peak was delayed. PMID- 7211251 TI - A human and in vitro study on the exchange of water and solutes from soft contact lenses. AB - Elimination of technetium (pertechnetate in normal saline solution) was studied from various types of contact lenses placed on normal human eyes by means of computer assisted gamma camera using "region of interest technique" with the designated area corresponding to the conjunctival sac. An elimination 4 times slower was found from a highly hydrophilic lens (Scanlens) than from a HEMA-lens (Softlens), 0,5% min and 2.0% min, respectively. From an ultrathin lens (U3 Softlens) was eliminated 2.4% min. Hard lenses did not absorb the isotope. In a laboratory study the lenses were pre-soaked in pertechnetate, blotted and washed at 2 min intervals in 0.5 ml saline. By this procedure 3% min of the technetium was eliminated from Scanlens, 16% min from Softlens and 28%/min from a thin, therapeutic lens (Plano-T). The ratio Softlens/Scanlens was in the human study 4.0 and in the laboratory study 4.9. Radioactivity was very rapidly eliminated from CAB-lenses. A similar study was carried out with radioactive water. More than 100% min was eliminated in the first 10 min followed by a slower elimination from 10-20 min. Then an increased elimination was seen for a few min. This increased elimination was in repeated studies constantly found after 20 min. It was not found in the studies with technetium and labelled leucine. PMID- 7211253 TI - The effect of melperon on ocular readaptation time, as assessed by a new recording technique. AB - A new simplified technique recording readaptation time after photo stress, RAT, is described. The psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency and retest reliability were tested, and the effect on RAT after intake of melperon at two different dose levels was investigated and correlated to blood plasma levels. The results show that there was a satisfactory consistency of RAT at each occasion but stability over a 1 month period could not be demonstrated. Significantly dose-dependent changes were recorded after intake of melperon but the prolongation of RAT was not significantly correlated to blood plasma levels. PMID- 7211252 TI - Clinical tear analysis using laser diffraction. AB - A diagnostic method has been developed to analyze tear specimens from patients with red eyes, using the technique of laser diffraction. After proper tear sample preparation, presence of a diffraction halo produced by the tear specimen indicates presence of an external ocular inflammation and helps rule out such conditions as glaucoma, iritis and episcleritis. Measurement of the size of the halo pattern may also be used to give information as to the concentration of cells in the tear sample. PMID- 7211254 TI - Evidence that hypotony in retinal detachment is due to subretinal juxtapapillary fluid drainage. AB - One case of aphakic retinal detachment with increased intraocular pressure is described. Overnight the intraocular pressure fell abruptly to non-measurable values, and simultaneously the detachment had advanced to the optic disc border. The hypothesis is formulated that decreased intraocular pressure in eyes with retinal detachment is brought about because intraocular fluid is leaking out of the eye through a subretinal route to the perioptic connective tissue. Additional support for this posterior aqueous outflow is obtained from clinical studies showing that maximum hypotony is reached when the detachment has advanced to the optic disc border. PMID- 7211255 TI - The ERG c-wave in vitelliruptive macular degeneration (VMD). AB - D.c. ERG registrations and EOG recordings were obtained from six patients with vitelliruptive macular degeneration (VMD). In all cases the EOG was highly pathological, but the alpha- and beta-waves of the ERG were normal. This is typical of VMD, which starts as a generalized defect of the pigment epithelium. Four patients showed no evidence of a c-wave. The other patients demonstrated small c-waves, but only under certain stimulus conditions. Thus, varying stimulus durations, intensities and frequencies are sometimes needed to decide whether or not ERG c-waves can be elicited in different diseases or suspected disorders. The findings are in agreement with the presence of a generalized pigment epithelial defect in VMD, since the major positive component of the c-wave is generated by the pigment epithelium-receptor complex. PMID- 7211256 TI - Correlation of visual evoked potentials, ophthalmological and neurological findings after unilateral optic neuritis. AB - Forty-two patients were tested with pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) 1--8 years after an episode of acute unilateral optic neuritis. The stimulation was produced by dot as well as checker-board pattern. An unexpectedly large proportion (12 cases) showed normal VEP latencies from the affected eye. In these patients the initial visual acuity was on the average significantly better than in cases with prolonged VEP latencies. They also had significantly fewer remaining ocular signs than the patients with abnormal VEPs. On the other hand, no correlation was found between the VEP findings and the incidence of CSF abnormalities, multiple sclerosis and HLA types. In 14 patients of which 13 belonged to the group above, repeated VEP tests were performed from the acute onset of the disease and up to 2 years afterwards confirming that a considerable normalization of VEP latencies occurs. PMID- 7211257 TI - Application of twin flash stimuli for some mascular diseases isolation of local responses by twin flashes. AB - Double flash ERG was examined for patients with visual loss from macular and optic nerve disorders, and the responses were compared. K values (= (B1-B2))/B1 x 100) of the former were larger than normal values when the stimulus intervals were between 200 and 500 mseconds, and abnormality of K values seemed to correspond to the functional impairment of macula. On the other hand, K values of the patients with optic nerve diseases remained in the normal range. These facts indicate that double flash ERG is a very useful method to estimate the cone function clinically, and can be employed as a routine examination for patients with suspected cone dysfunction. PMID- 7211258 TI - Visual evoked responses to pattern-reversal stimulation in childhood amblyopia. AB - Visual evoked responses to monocular and binocular pattern-reversal stimulation were recorded in ten normal and twenty-three amblyopic children. In twenty of the twenty-three children with amblyopia the responses were found to differ from those in the normal group in one or several of the following parameters: side difference of amplitude, side difference of latency, amplitude increase to binocular stimulation. The described method can be of value as an aid in diagnosis of amblyopia. PMID- 7211259 TI - The influence of hyperosmotic stress on the blood-retinal barrier effects on the electroretinogram. AB - Electroretinographic recordings were obtained from cat eyes before and after an intracarotid injection of a hypertonic NaCl-solution. It was found that after the injection the c-wave decreased in amplitude or disappeared, but reappeared within a period of four to six hours, suggesting that there is a reversible opening of the tight junctions following osmotic stress. PMID- 7211260 TI - Further studies of the chemical sensitivity of the oscillatory potentials of the electroretinogram (ERG) I. GABA- and glycine antagonists. AB - The oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the mudpuppy ERG were studied to evaluate the effects of GABA and glycine antagonists. Upon exposing the retina to bicuculline and picrotoxin, blocking agents of the putative inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, all the OPs were selectively abolished. The earlier OPs (01-03) appeared more sensitive to the drug than the latter ones (04-05). There was no appreciable effect on the range of sensitivity and saturation level of the b-wave. Low concentrations of strychnine, blocking the effect of the putative inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine, produced a selective decrease of the amplitude of the OPs. The first (01) appeared less sensitive to the drug than the later ones. Higher concentrations extinguished all the OPs but also decreased the suprathreshold amplitude of the b-wave. In conclusion, the present results in agreement with previous work, suggest that the OPs appear to have a different origin from the b-wave and seem to be generated by inhibitory feed-back circuits within retina. The differential sensitivity of the individual oscillatory peaks indicate that perhaps chemically different synaptic activities might underlie the individual oscillatory potentials. PMID- 7211261 TI - The alteration and asymmetry of cup and disc diameters. AB - Increases in cupping with time and differences in cup size between the two eyes of one person were studied in a material derived from a general ophthalmic population survey. Cup and disc diameters were measured on fundus photographs. The effect of refraction on the magnification of the eye-camera system was compensated for by the use of a simple correcting factor. The disc diameter increased slowly but steadily with advancing years but the rim area remained unaffected and as a consequence the rim breadth diminished. The increase in disc diameter and the decrease in rim breadth combined to cause marked increase in cup diameter with ageing. A multiple regression analysis showed cup diameters to be independent of refraction as well as of systemic blood pressure and only weakly associated with intraocular pressure. Side differences in cup diameter were strongly dependent on side differences in disc diameter. Some implications of these findings were briefly discussed. PMID- 7211262 TI - The inheritance and development of cup and disc diameters. AB - The familial resemblances in discs diameter (d) and cup diameter residual (e) were studied in 845 individuals forming 297 families and 1040 pairs of spouses and first-degree relatives. The cup diameter residual was computed as the difference between the observed cup diameter and the cup diameter expected from the disc diameter and the age, according to a multiple regression equation. The results for d and e were similar. Spouses did not resemble each other at all. The resemblance between first-degree relatives, on the other hand, was quite substantial. There were no major influences of sex-linkage, dominance or common environment and no obvious maternal effects. It was concluded that the familial resemblance was essentially additively genetic in origin. The heritability was estimated at 2/3. The remaining variance was attributed to errors of development. The results can be applied to other surface dimensions of the optic nerve head. PMID- 7211263 TI - Effects of systemic and topical administration of metoprolol on intraocular pressure in healthy subjects. AB - The effect of a single dose metoprolol tablets or eye drops on intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure and heart rate was determined in healthy volunteers. The ocular tolerance of 6 weeks treatment with 1% eye drops was also studied. A 100 mg tablet reduced IOP for least 10 h with a maximum effect after 4 h corresponding to 32% of the pre-treatment pressure. The effects of 25 and 50 mg tablets were less pronounced and of a shorter duration. No consistent effect on blood-pressure was obtained, but doses that reduced IOP also reduced heart rate. A short-lasting reduction in IOP was obtained with 0.5% eye drops, while 1, 3 and 5% all caused significant reductions lasting at least 10-12 h. IOP was reduced by 13, 20 and 27% 4 h after administration of 1, 3 and 5% eye drops, respectively. No effect was observed in the contralateral, untreated eye, and no cardiovascular effects were obtained after administration of the eye drops. 1% eye drops administered twice daily for 6 weeks caused no clinically significant side effect. PMID- 7211264 TI - On the optical measurement of a corneal thickness. I. Optical principle and sources of error. AB - The optical principle for the estimation of corneal thickness with a commonly employed method is considered. The theoretical relationship between the apparent and true corneal thickness is described in a simple manner. Based on the theoretical results it could be confirmed that physiological variations in refractive index and radius of the cornea induce an insignificant error in the corneal thickness estimate. The theoretical relationship between apparent and true corneal thickness was compared to the performance of two commercially available pachometers (Haag-Streit and Zeiss). The actual reading of the pachometers was found to be lower than the theoretical reading by a non-linear error amounting to about 0.010 and 0.100 mm at a true corneal thickness of 0.50 and 1.00 mm, respectively. PMID- 7211265 TI - Influence of tranexamic acid and acetylsalicylic acid on the thickness of the normal cornea. AB - In a masked cross-over study ten normal subjects were treated with tranexamic acid and acetylsalicylic acid one g three times daily for seven days. The central corneal thickness. was found to increase in response to acetylsalicylic acid and to decrease in response to tranexamic acid. This finding provides evidence for the involvement of the fibrinolytic system in the regulation of the normal corneal thickness. The endothelial morphology, as seen with the specular microscope, was unchanged during treatment with either drug. PMID- 7211266 TI - Corneal thickness and endothelial damage after intraocular lens implantation. AB - The corneal thickness and the specular appearance of the corneal endothelium are reported in 100 patients with unilateral intraocular lens implantation. Post operative time ranged from one to 42 months. An average central endothelial cell loss of uncomplicated cases of 46%, range 1 to 83%, with no correlation with time after the operation was found. A significantly higher cell loss was found in cases with technical complications, shallow anterior chamber or increased intraocular pressure post-operatively. No correlation was found between the corneal thickness and the endothelial cell loss. In two patients, however, with a cell density below 500 cells/mm2, a slight increase in corneal thickness was noted. Thirty patients presented a guttate endothelium. Irrespective of the occurrence of surgical complications the presence of a guttate endothelium was found to be a major determinant of the corneal thickness increase and could be ascribed as a cause of persistent corneal swelling in six of twelve patients with elevated corneal thickness. The progression of guttate changes occurred independently of the cell loss. PMID- 7211267 TI - The effect of tranexamic acid on secondary haemorrhage after traumatic hyphaema. AB - During the period from March 1978 to November 1979, 232 consecutive patients with traumatic hyphaema were allocated by admission-date to conservative treatment and to treatment with the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid. Secondary haemorrhage occurred in only two of 102 tranexamic acid treated patients, while secondary haemorrhage occurred in 12 out of 130 conservatively treated patients. This difference was statistically significant. Some clinical aspects of the rebleeding cases are presented and briefly discussed. PMID- 7211268 TI - The use of contact lenses in wet or damp environments. AB - The adhesion between the eye and a contact lens was recorded when influenced by water with varying salt concentrations. Both active removal and spontaneous loss of hard and soft contact lenses applied to the eye were investigated. In environments with saline less than 9 0/00 the risk of a soft contact lens falling out from the eye is almost negligible. In environments with saline greater than or equal to 9 0/00 the risk increase since adhesion in active removal decreased considerably. In reality, based upon the investigations of spontaneous loss of contact lenses in an underwater environment, well fitted soft lenses still do not however fall out of the eye. It should therefore be possible to use well fitted soft contact lenses without any significant risk even in working conditions which may include splashing of water upon the eye and regardless of the various salt concentrations of naturally occurring water in Sweden. For hard contact lenses, independent of salt concentration, adhesion in the underwater environment is extremely low and such lenses cannot therefore be used on an unprotected eye in conjunction with, for example, swimming. The risk of them falling out under splashing with water upon the eye is clearly greater than for soft lenses. PMID- 7211269 TI - Galactosaemia with cataract and persistent hyaloid artery. A clinicopathological case report. AB - A boy with galactosaemia and bilateral cataract developed large intraocular haemorrhages in the left eye which was enucleated. Histologically a persistent hyaloid artery was demonstrated. This combination with galactosaemia seems not to have been described in the literature before. The haemorrhages are most likely secondary to the persistent hyaloid artery system. In addition, some foci of extramedullary haemopoiesis were demonstrated in the retina. PMID- 7211270 TI - Advanced retinoblastoma in Malaysian children. AB - Twenty children with retinoblastoma are reviewed who were treated at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur over a 10-year-period. They constitute 6.6% of childhood malignancies and without exception all presented with advanced disease. Hereditary cases were notably absent in the the series probably because past cases have almost invariably succumbed without an opportunity to transmit the gene. With enucleation and radiotherapy six of the patients have survived from 2 to 12 years. The addition of vincristine and cyclophosphamide has not been associated with improved survival. PMID- 7211271 TI - A case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit. AB - A case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in the right orbit of a 84-year old Japanese female was reported. The ultrastructural findings of tumour are composed of three cell types: well-differentiated cartilaginous cells, undifferentiated cells and transitional cells. The well-differentiated cells showed scalloped cytoplasmic membranes, numerous mitochondria showing dense electron matrix, various size of lipid granules, and abundant amount of extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix were collagen fibres and ground substances and matrix vesicle. The undifferentiated cells showed smooth cytoplasmic membranes, large nuclei resembling primitive mesenchymal cells. PMID- 7211272 TI - Unusual course of painful ophthalmoplegia. Report of a case. AB - A case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with unusual course is described. Pain and ophthalmoplegia were both relatively late manifestations preceded for several weeks by progressive involvement of the optic nerve. The importance of also bearing this condition in mind in atypical cases is stressed, since early diagnosis and corticosteroid treatment distinctly reduce the risk of severe residual symptoms. PMID- 7211273 TI - Disc haemorrhage and glaucoma. AB - The present material comprises 51 patients with at least one disc haemorrhage in at least one eye. A total of 127 hh were observed. The probability of finding a disc h increases with the number of examinations. The hypothesis that hh occur in all cases of glaucomatous destruction of the papillary tissue cannot be rejected, though not proven. H. seems to be connected with progression of field defects, though its effects are not immediately recognized. H. is detectable very early in the glaucomatous process; the denotation 'forerunner' is most likely justified. Hh. are highly specific for a glaucomatous process, but it has not been possible to connect h. with some clearly delimited group of glaucoma. PMID- 7211274 TI - Thymidine incorporation by human corneal endothelium during organ culture. AB - Nine corneas from 5 human adult donors were obtained 11 to 31 h post mortem. In 4 corneas the endothelium was wounded by freezing and in 1 cornea by mechanical means. Care was taken to minimize endothelial damage in the remaining 4 corneas. The corneas were incubated at 31 degrees C for 6 days in a tissue culture medium containing 3H thymidine. Autoradiographs were made of the flat preparations of the endothelium. All corneas contained radioactive endothelial cell nuclei, with the highest concentration of labelled nuclei being in the wound areas. The greatest number of labelled cells was found in the cornea from the youngest donor, 19 years of age, but thymidine uptake also occurred in the oldest cornea, 89-years-old, which additionally had signs of endothelial dystrophy. PMID- 7211275 TI - Decontamination of cadaver corneas. AB - Bacterial contamination of human corneas, in vivo and post mortem, was investigated. Bacterial samples were obtained by pressing small concave agar plates directly against the corneas. More colony forming units (C.F.U.) occurred in samples obtained from patients in general anesthesia than in samples obtained from healthy persons in local anaesthesia. The largest number of C.F.U. occurred post mortem. The number of C.F.U. obtained from cadaver corneas was not correlated to post mortem time. Rinsing with water removed 86% of the C.F.U. on cadaver corneas. Rinsing with water for 30 sec followed by 2 min treatment with 0.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) and repeated rinsing removed 98% of the C.F.U. Epithelial or stromal lesions were not found after 2 min of exposure to 0.5% PVP-I. PMID- 7211276 TI - Corneal thickness in daily contact lens wear. A comparison of a low water content lens and a high water content lens. AB - The corneal responses to daily wear of Scanlens 75 high water content lenses, average centre thickness 0.23 mm, and of Bausch & Lomb Soflens U3 low water content lenses, centre thickness 0.07 mm, were compared. Calculations of oxygen transmissibility indicated that corneal swelling might be less for the former lenses than for the latter lenses. This assumption was proved to be correct. The average increase in corneal centre thickness over the day (14 h) during a 4 week period was 1.6% for Scanlens 75 and 2.8% for Soflens U3. This difference was statistically highly significant (P less than 0.001). The thickness increase was greatest during the first week. Tests with thicker lenses showed that the thicker the lenses are, the more important it is to choose high water content lenses. The closed eye period increased corneal swelling in extended lens wear. The results favour a program based on certain high water content lenses and a daily wear schedule. PMID- 7211277 TI - Eccentric contrast sensitivity loss in glaucoma. AB - Contrast sensitivity to stationary and phase-shifted vertical gratings was determined in patients with glaucoma. The sensitivity was reduced in areas with visual field defects. PMID- 7211279 TI - A pilot study of contrast sensitivity assessment of the CAM treatment of amblyopia. AB - Contrast thresholds of varying spatial frequencies were obtained on 3 amblyopic patients before and after the CAM treatment of amblyopia. Results of this study confirm previous findings that in the absence of change of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity function can be changed with the use of this technique. Improvement of contrast sensitivity can occur in older patients and that the sensitivity sometimes can deteriorate when treatment is stopped. PMID- 7211278 TI - Contrast sensitivity in children with strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. A study of the effect of treatment. AB - The contrast threshold of sinusoidal gratings of varying contrast and frequency was examined in children with amblyopia due to strabismus or anisometropia. In strabismic amblyopia the contrast sensitivity is depressed for only a limited band of high spatial frequencies. In anisometropic amblyopia depression of the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) was found over the whole frequency range. The CSF could not be predicted from the visual acuity measurements in amblyopic eyes due to strabismus, whereas a rough correlation was observed in anisometropia. During occlusion treatment of the dominant eye in anisometropia the visual acuity and the contrast sensitivity function of the amblyopic eye improved in parallel. The study indicates that the abnormalities in spatial vision are different in amblyopia due to strabismus or anisometropia during childhood. Determination of the contrast sensitivity function seems to be an additional tool besides acuity measurements to document changes of visual function during treatment of amblyopia. PMID- 7211280 TI - Photographic screening for strabismus and high refractive errors of children aged 1-4 years. AB - 182 children (age 1-4 years) were photographed by health sisters at the annual screening at the children's health care center as described by Kaakinen (1979). The photographs were examined by an ophthalmologist to diagnose squint and/or refractive error cases based on the typical changes in the corneal and fundus reflexes. The cases found in this way were controlled clinically. RESULTS: 7 pathological cases were detected: 2 esotropias, 1 microesotropia, 2 hyperopias of both eyes, 2 anisocorias. False positive were 6 cases, from which 4 were false positive microstrabismus suspects and 2 cases with asymmetrical fundus reflexes, which were normal. 14 cases failed (9 (4.9%) looked to the side, and 5 (2.7%) were technical failures). For the reliability of the method, a random sample of 20 children, who had normal corneal and fundus reflexes were examined clinically. No anisometropia of over 0.5 diopters appeared among these 20 control cases, and the highest hyperopic and astigmatic errors that appeared were +1.75 diopters. All the astigmatic cases were combined with a slight myopia of -0.5- -1.0 diopters in each case. No higher myopias occurred in this group, and all these 20 children had straight eyes with the cover test at near fixation. PMID- 7211281 TI - Relative contents of sodium, potassium, and dry matter in diabetic cataractous lenses. AB - Cataractous lenses from diabetic patients were pre-operatively divided into 3 groups according to the biomicroscopical appearance of the lenses and biochemical analyses of CNa+, CK+, and dry matter were performed. 1) Immature cataractous lenses without anterior capsular/subcapsular opacity (ac-sco): (N=4) CNa+ = 35 meq/kg lens water, CK+ = 164 meq/kg lens water, dry matter 24%. 2) Immature cataractous lenses with ac-sco: (N=12) CNa+ = 151 meq/kg lens water, CK+ = 62 meq/kg lens water, dry matter 33%. 3) Totally opaque lens: (N=1) CNa+ = 185 meq/kg lens water, CK+ = 12 meq/kg lens water, dry matter 19%. The concentrations of sodium, potassium, and dry matter were equal to the findings in senile non diabetic cataractous lenses. PMID- 7211282 TI - The effectiveness of cataract surgery. A retrospective study. AB - The outcome of intracapsular cataract extraction seen from the patients' point of view and patients' statements of visual function were obtained by questionnaires to 120 patients one year after the operation. Comparison to visual acuity at discharge after surgery was done. The results indicate that today cataract extraction is very successful in improving vision, visual function and quality of life. The utilization of the visual improvement, however, is not always optimal; e.g. 39% of those patients, who according to visual acuity at discharge should have normal reading capacities, do not or cannot utilize this ability. Many circumstances can be presumed to be responsible for this discrepancy, but further studies are needed for elucidation of these problems. PMID- 7211283 TI - Evaluation of the transilluminated Amsler grid for macula testing in cataract patients. AB - A transilluminated, modified Amsler grid was used for evaluation of the macula in 80 cataract patients of whom 19 had abnormal maculas. The results were compared to those obtained with a commonly used test: colour perception. As control of the tests the post-operative visual acuity and ophthalmoscopic macula inspection was used. Of the diseased maculas 68% were identified by the Amsler grid test and only 32% by the colour perception test. Both tests identified a high proportion of normal maculas: 90% by Amsler grid test and 89% by colour perception test. A pathological response to the Amsler grid test indicated a 68% probability of macular disease, and a normal test result indicated a 90% probability of normal macula. Only the Amsler grid test however is not applicable to all cataract patients: Of originally 110 patients taken in for this test, 30 patients (27%) could not see the grid at all, whereas all 110 patients could be tested with the colour perception test. PMID- 7211284 TI - Ophthalmic changes from age of 10 to 18 years. A longitudinal study of sequels to low birth weight. II. Visual acuity. AB - Re-examination of corrected visual acuity was done in 137 18-year-old Danes, who were originally examined at the age of 10 years, as part of a study of sequels to low birth weight (LBW) (Fledelius 1976). Median values indicate that most adolescents are able visually to discriminate considerably above the customary 6/6 limit. As compared with low-birth-weighters (n=70), full-terms (n=67) show a significantly higher cumulated visual acuity score. Similarly, binocular median visual acuities are 1.2 (LBW) and 1.4 (in FT). The difference is neither explained by the ex-prematures' higher frequency of heterotropia, nor by their (minor) share of eyes with subnormal vision. The latter occurred especially in the subgroup of 'myopia of prematurity'. The exceptional cases with RLF-blindness were discarded from follow-up. Concerning visual acuity, the previously reported lagging behind of ex-prematures in childhood has proven to be not only a temporary delay, but a permanent (adult) feature. PMID- 7211285 TI - Changes in the c-wave of the electroretinogram and in the standing potential of the eye after small doses of toluene and styrene. AB - Low and moderate i.v. doses of toluene or styrene dissolved in a lipid emulsion (Intralipid) were given to cynomolgus monkeys. The d.c. ERG and the standing potential (SP) of the eye were recorded directly with corneal contact lenses, very stable calomel electrodes and under very constant general anaesthesia. Even small doses of the solvents, corresponding approximately to the Swedish hygienic threshold limit values for these solvents in air, clearly provoked slow variations with time in the amplitude of the c-wave of the ERG and in the SP level. Both potentials are generated mainly in the pigment epithelium. It is suggested that the effects reflect a direct influence of the solvents upon i.a. the cell membrane or the metabolism of the pigment epithelium. PMID- 7211286 TI - Scleritis associated with central choroidal haemorrhage. AB - A case of scleritis associated with a central choroidal haemorrhage is reported. Diagnosis was based on clinical appearance, ultrasound findings and flourescein angiography. No associated collagen disease was found. The patient was successfully treated with corticosteroid. To the best of the author's knowledge, no similar case has been reported. PMID- 7211287 TI - Corectopia with nystagmus, absent foveal reflexes and corneal changes. AB - A family is described with corectopia, nystagmus, absent foveal reflexes, and corneal changes inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Other abnormalities found in this family include microcornea, Bitot's spots, and iris colobomas. Faint superficial opacities and fine superficial vessels were found in the peripheral cornea of younger family members. Older family members showed an increase in the density of the superficial opacities and areas of stromal thinning were found in the 60-year-old proband. Corneal vessels and progression centrally. Full-thickness stromal opacities and changes have been associated with familial and sporadic aniridia and iris colobomas. The present report describes similar changes in association with corectopia. PMID- 7211288 TI - Variation in central and vertical corneal endothelial cell density in normal subjects. AB - Twenty normal subjects, aged 20 to 50, who had never worn contact lenses underwent determinations of central, inferior and superior corneal endothelial cell density using the Heyer-Schulte specular microscope. Analysis of variance revealed that superior cell density was significantly larger than central cell density, and that central cell density was significantly larger than inferior cell density (P less than 0.00001). In addition, 4 of these subjects had measurements taken on 4 separate sessions. Analysis of variance revealed that central and vertical cell density determinations were reproducible across measurement sessions. The finding of a vertical gradient in cell density was in contrast to 2 published reports which found no vertical differences in the normal cornea. Consequently, those data were re-analyzed using correct statistical procedures and similar vertical differences were obtained for one series of patients. The finding of a vertical gradient in endothelial cell density challenges the appropriateness of relying upon measurement of the central corneal field as an indicator of the pre-operative endothelial cell density. PMID- 7211289 TI - Mechanics of the hallux valgus foot and the effect of Keller's operation. AB - Using a system for measuring the load distribution under the foot, patients with hallux valgus were compared, before and after undergoing Keller's operation, with a group of normal subjects. Preoperatively the patients showed reduced loading under all their toes and increased loading under their lateral metatarsal heads; the decrease under the hallux was found to correlate with an increase in hallux valgus angle. Postoperatively there was a further decrease in loading under the hallux and an increase under the first metatarsal head. PMID- 7211290 TI - Computed tomography in soft tissue disorders of the lower extremities. AB - Computed Tomography (CT) constitutes an important new imaging modality in the evaluation of soft tissue tumors. They are detectable by CT because their density is different from that of muscles and because they cause displacement of normal structures. CT was found to be useful in demonstrating the true extent of lesions in the soft tissue of the lower extremities of 24 patients as confirmed by examination of the surgically removed tumors. CT was also able to define the lesions' relation to and involvement with the surrounding tissue. We were not able to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions by CT. Generally, the specific attenuation values were not helpful in differentiation between various types of tumors. However, in cases of tumors such as lipomas, cysts and neurofibromas it may be of some use. PMID- 7211291 TI - Computed tomography of musculoskeletal disorders of the truncus. AB - Computed Tomography (CT) is a new diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the musculoskeletal system. In the present study 29 patients with benign or malignant lesions in the body have been examined by this method. The purpose has been to evaluate the value of CT scanning in disorders of the musculoskeletal tissues. CT is an effective modality for demonstrating the three-dimensional extent of lesions, but in about one-third of the cases the examinations were not able to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. PMID- 7211294 TI - Haemangiopericytoma of bone. Review of the literature and report of a case. AB - A case of intraosseous haemangiopericytoma of the humerus is described. Exarticulation at the shoulder joint was performed and the patient has been followed for 8 years, so far without developing a local recurrence or metastases. The 16 cases of intraosseous haemangiopericytomas on record are reviewed. PMID- 7211292 TI - The effect of joint position on juxta-articular bone marrow pressure. Relation to intra-articular pressure and joint effusion--an experimental study on horses. AB - Six metacarpo-phalangeal joints of adult horses were studied. Pressure measurements were made in the joint and the metacarpal bone with simultaneous measurement of the systemic arterial blood pressure. Investigations performed to study the effect of joint position on juxta-articular bone marrow pressure showed that an increase in joint flexion was always followed by a rise in intraosseous pressure with a significant increase at flexion above 60 degrees. Increase in intra-articular pressure which was achieved by injection of saline was always followed by a slower rise in intraosseous pressure. Furthermore, it was shown that even a few millilitres of saline in the joint caused a rise in intra articular pressure. The findings indicate that changes in joint position as well as effusion may block the drainage vessels from the bone marrow as they pass through the joint. PMID- 7211295 TI - Fracture of the carpal scaphoid in children. A clinical and roentgenological study of 108 cases. AB - A series of 108 carpal scaphoid fractures in children was analysed with respect to the site, type and treatment of the fracture. The patients were followed until radiological fusion occurred. All fractures united and healed completely with conservative treatment. Ninety-four fractures, 41 of which were avulsions, were located in the distal third of the scaphoid. There were 13 waist fractures, and one avulsion fracture was located in the proximal pole of the scaphoid. The great number of avulsion fractures and the location of the fractures in the distal third of the scaphoid is very typical in children. In three neglected cases marked bone resorption was seen on the fracture surface 3 weeks after the injury. Because non-union is possible especially in neglected cases of waist fractures, control radiographs should be taken 1 or 2 weeks after the injury if the fracture is not visible on the primary radiographs but is suspected clinically. Immobilization with an adequate plaster cast is mandatory in all transverse fractures of the carpal scaphoid in children. PMID- 7211293 TI - Histologic, physical and chemical investigation of myositis ossificans traumatica. AB - Histologic, physical and chemical analyses of the excised bony mass from a case of myositis ossificans traumatica were carried out. X-ray diffraction showed that the newly formed bone was an intermediate fluor-hydroxylapatite. Infrared spectroscopy and chemical analysis supported this finding. Contrary to articular free bodies the mineral part of the bony mass from the myositis ossificans investigated was formed most probably in a basic environment. PMID- 7211296 TI - Immobilization after primary dislocation of the shoulder. AB - A total of 226 patients with primary shoulder dislocation were followed up for 1 year, the primary object being to observe the effect of immobilization on the incidence of redislocation. The shoulders were immobilized in a mitella for 1 week in all the 127 patients older than 50 years of age, and in 53 of the patients under 50 years of age. The shoulders of the remaining 46 patients (under 50 years) were completely immobilized with a stockinette-Gilchrist bandage for a period of 3 weeks. Thirteen per cent (30/226) suffered from one to four redislocations each during the follow-up period. Because most recurrences occurred in the patients under 30 years of age, these patients were compared with the older ones in the analysis. The frequency of redislocation was higher in the group of 53 patients under 30 years than in the older subgroup (P less than 0.001). Twenty-six of these 53 patients (under 30 years), who had been immobilized for 1 week, presented a higher frequency of redislocation than the remaining 27 patients subjected to 3 weeks' immobilization (P less than 0.05). Manual labourers experienced more numerous redislocations than office workers (P less than 0.01). The greater the initial trauma to the shoulder, the lower was the incidence of recurrence. There were only two among the 57 patients with early complications of the primary shoulder dislocation who had a redislocation (P less than 0.001). Residual stiffness was encountered more often in the patients over 30 years than in the younger ones (P less than 0.001). Following primary shoulder dislocation, 1 week's immobilization in a sling is sufficient in patients over 30 years, while in the case of most of the younger patients 3 weeks' complete immobilization of the shoulder is recommended. PMID- 7211297 TI - Pulmonary embolic syndrome caused by cementing of hip endoprosthesis. AB - Previous studies have indicated that cementing of the femoral component in total hip replacement produces the features of the pulmonary embolic syndrome (P.E.S.). The present investigations have been carried out to ascertain if newer methods of insertion modify these features. There was no evidence to suggest that any of these approaches has any advantage over the others in relation to the various components of P.E.S. PMID- 7211299 TI - Total hip replacement ad modum ring. AB - A 2-9 years (mean 5.4) follow-up of 295 Ring total hip replacements is presented. The pre- and postoperative conditions were evaluated according to Charnley. There were improvements as regards pain (1.4 to 5.4 points), mobility (2.5 to 5.0 points) and walking ability (2.2 to 4.0 points). The mortality rate was 0.3 per cent. Early deep infection occurred in 0.7 per cent and late deep infection in 0.3 per cent; 4.4 per cent needed revision for loosening (long femoral component 1.0 per cent; short femoral component 8.6 per cent). Radiological loosening indicated by a radiolucent zone of at least 3 mm wide surrounding the prosthesis was found to have no significant correlation with the clinical result. A significantly greater number of patients required reoperation when the short prosthesis was used. Even apart from those reoperated on the results were significantly poorer when the short prosthesis was used. It is concluded that the Ring prosthesis can still be recommended, but that the long prosthesis should be used whenever possible. When this is not possible, a cemented prosthesis should, perhaps, be used. PMID- 7211298 TI - Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee joint in retired football players. AB - The possible relationship between football playing and osteoarthritis in the hip and knee joints has been examined. The results of clinical and radiographic examinations of 57 retired football players and a corresponding control group were compared. Osteoarthritis of the hip joint was found to occur significantly more often in the football players than in the controls. Such a relationship could not be found regarding the knee joint. PMID- 7211300 TI - Function of fifty-seven septic, revised and healed total hip arthroplasties. AB - An evaluation of hip function was made 2-5 years postoperatively in 57 patients reoperated using gentamicin-containing bone cement because of deep infection after total hip arthroplasty. Forty patients were completely free from pain and 17 had slight intermittent pain. Fifty-one had normal or nearly normal walking ability. Most patients managed dressing and getting in and out of a bath without help. It is concluded that revision in most case offers a satisfactory solution for the patient and gives a better functional result than simple removal of the prosthesis. PMID- 7211301 TI - Acetabular protrusion following endoprosthetic hip surgery: a multifactorial study. AB - Acetabular protrusion was found in 56 out of 211 patients fitted with a hemiprosthesis. The indication for operation was acute femoral neck fracture or failure following a previous internal fixation. A number of radiological variables were analysed with respect to their possible association with preoperative, operative and follow-up variables. After a preliminary screening of variables a deeper analysis was performed by fitting log-linear models to the data. Our analysis showed that the development of protrusion has a significant association with follow-up time. A previous hip operation was also significantly associated with the development of protrusion. This may be an indication for total hip replacement in some patients who now receive a hemiprosthesis as a secondary operation. Acetabular protrusion was significantly associated with the development of postoperative pain, while the other clinical symptoms and signs lacked any direct association with protrusion. Although acetabular protrusion and loosening of the prosthetic stem showed a significant association the analysis indicated that pain was primarily due to protrusion. PMID- 7211302 TI - Unstable trochanteric fractures. A comparative analysis of four methods of internal fixation. AB - A series of 1,071 patients with unstable trochanteric fractures were treated by the McLaughlin or Jewett nail-plate, the sliding screw-plate or condylocephalic nailing according to Ender. Deep infection was encountered in 2.5% of the cases following surgery in the hip region and in 3.3% of the Ender nailings. Statistical analyses showed that the quality of the reduction was determined by the comminution of the fracture, and the technical failure of fixation or secondary displacement of the fracture was determined by the quality of the reduction. Sliding screw-plate fixation was found to be the only suitable fixation method for unstable trochanteric fractures, because of a low failure rate, a low re-operation rate and the possibility of secondary impaction without disturbing the fracture union. PMID- 7211303 TI - Technical accuracy in high tibial osteotomy for gonarthrosis. AB - A preoperative roentgenological analysis of the whole leg in the standing position is presented as an aid in high tibial osteotomy for medial osteoarthritis of the knee. This analysis provides information about the mechanical condition of the knee, the extent of the deformity and the exact size of the wedge of bone to be excised during the operation. The initial experience with this method is encouraging. In 66 osteotomies four-fifths had a postoperative correction within +/- 3 degrees of the predicted angle and after 1 year two-thirds were still within this range. PMID- 7211304 TI - Adamantinoma tibiae. A report of a new case. AB - This report describes a new case of adamantinoma of the tibia which is a rare primary malignant bone tumour. Just over 100 cases have been reported. The symptoms, treatment and problems of diagnosis are briefly discussed. PMID- 7211305 TI - Non-operative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures. AB - A study of 10 patients treated non-operatively for Achilles tendon ruptures is reported. Re-ruptures occurred in three patients. The end-results as regards plantar flexion power and ankle mobility were comparable with those obtained in 24 patients treated operatively. PMID- 7211306 TI - Healing of ulcers on the feet correlated with distal blood pressure measurements in occlusive arterial disease. AB - The frequency of healing in subchronic ulcers in 66 feet in 62 patients with arterial occlusive disease was correlated with the systolic digital blood pressure (SDBP) and the systolic ankle blood pressure (SABP), both measured with a strain gauge, and with the skin perfusion pressure on the heel (SPPH) as measured with a photocell. Thirty-two patients (35 feet with ulcerations) had diabetes mellitus. The treatment was conservative. In 42 feet the ulcers healed after an average period of 5.8 months; in 24 feet major amputation became necessary after an average of 4.3 months. The frequency of healing correlated significantly with the three distal blood pressure parameters investigated, the closest correlation being with the SDBP measured at the final examination, i.e. just after healing of the ulcer or just before an inevitable major amputation. Of the 22 cases with SDBP below 20 mmHg only two cases (9%) healed. Of the 11 cases with SDBP of 20 to 29 mmHg seven cases (64%) healed and of the 33 cases with SDBP of 30 mmHg or above all cases (100%) healed. There was no significant difference between the 35 diabetic feet and the 31 non-diabetic feet as regards the healing rates, although infection and peripheral neuropathy were frequent in the diabetic group. The data show that the systolic digital blood pressure is a particularly valuable prognostic parameter. PMID- 7211307 TI - Bone and joint tuberculosis in childhood. AB - Ten children with bone and joint tuberculosis are reported. The age of onset varied between 18 and 30 months. All patients were treated with curettage and chemotherapy. The results were excellent with complete restitution being achieved in all cases. PMID- 7211308 TI - Late results of ankle fusion. AB - Forty-four ankle joint fusions performed in the period 1950-1972 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Malmo General Hospital, were evaluated. Thirty one patients were re-examined. The mean follow-up time was 12.3 years (6.4-28 years). Two-thirds of the patients were much better or better than before operation, but still a lot of problems existed. Two-thirds of the patients had some kind of pain localized to the subtalar region. Three out of four patients had to use special footwear. The rate of forefoot deformities was not increased. In conclusion, patients with ankle fusion often have persistent trouble; therefore technical and clinical development of total ankle joint replacement seems to be indicated. PMID- 7211309 TI - The long-term results of ankle arthrodesis. AB - Thirty-seven patients who had ankle arthrodesis carried out from 1-17 years previously were reviewed. The commonest indication in this series was post traumatic osteoarthritis. Five different methods of fusion were used, the most common being the Charnley compression technique. The incidence of union, the fusion position, gait, subtalar stiffness and midtarsal hypermobility were recorded and analysed. Objective and subjective assessments were carried out. Poor results were recorded in 11 patients and these results are reported in more detail. The incidence of union was 78.4 per cent. PMID- 7211310 TI - Glycosaminoglycan metabolism in experimental osteoarthritis caused by immobilization. The effects of different periods of immobilization and follow-up. AB - Glycosaminoglycan metabolism at different developmental stages of osteoarthritis provoked by immobilization was studied in rabbits. Tissue concentrations and the specific radioactivity of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) after a long immobilization (IZ) period (12 weeks) without follow-up, and a moderate IZ time (4-7 weeks) with a long follow-up period (average 22 weeks) were compared with the results obtained after a short IZ time (17 days). In tibial weight-bearing cartilage the specific 35S-activity had increased and the galactosamine, glucosamine and uronic acid concentrations had decreased in all the IZ groups examined. In the marginal cartilage, the menisci and the collateral ligament, the specific radioactivity and GAG concentrations had decreased or were normal after a long IZ with or without follow-up, although they were markedly elevated after a short IZ time. THe depletion of GAG correlated roughly with the IZ and follow-up times, except for periodically immobilized rabbits. In long-term "chronic" disease the specific radioactivities and GAG concentrations were depressed on the contralateral, non IZ sides. The changes in the non-IZ knee are discussed. In studies of experimental osteoarthritis it is important to determine the developmental stage of the disease to be studied. PMID- 7211312 TI - Trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation in a child. A case report. AB - An acute trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation in a 10-year-old boy is reported. Closed reduction was successful and normal strength and mobility resulted 9 weeks after injury. The mechanism of production and the reason for the rarity of this injury is discussed. PMID- 7211313 TI - Kirner's deformity. Juvenile spontaneous incurving of the terminal phalanx of the fifth finger. AB - Juvenile spontaneous incurving of the terminal phalanx of the fifth finger is extremely rare. The etiology is still uncertain; the combination of a primary epiphyseal disorder and tendon traction has been stressed. Peroperative biopsy has, apart from an epiphysiolysis, shown changes in accordance with osteochondritis dissecans. PMID- 7211311 TI - A new thermoplastic casting material. A comparison between plaster of Paris and Hexelite. AB - Plaster of Paris and Hexelite, a new thermoplastic bandage, were compared in the treatment of 183 patients with malleolar fractures, Colles' fractures or distortions of the finger joints. There were no statistically significant differences between the two types of bandages taking into account the strength of the bandage, the amount of skin damage and the patient's opinion of the bandage. Hexelite is seven times more expensive than plaster of Paris, and, in addition, is more difficult to handle. Hence its use has been discontinued. PMID- 7211314 TI - Fracture of the capitulum humeri. AB - Fractures of the capitulum humeri are rare and the recommendations for treatment differ. Some authors recommend open reduction of the capitular fragment, while others advocate excising it. Twelve patients with anterior shearing fractures of the capitulum humeri were treated as inpatients in the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gothenburg, during the years 1973-1977. Ten patients, all treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the capitular fragment, were re-examined. The functional result was estimated as good in nine and poor in one. PMID- 7211315 TI - Avulsion of the distal biceps brachii tendon. AB - A review of the operative treatment of avulsion or rupture of the distal biceps brachii tendon is presented. Five cases are described. One patient had bilateral avulsion. All were operated on using the technique described by Thomsen or Boyd & Anderson. PMID- 7211316 TI - Chordoma. A clinicopathologic and prognostic study of a Swedish national series. AB - Chordoma is a rare tumor with slow growth developing from remnants of the notochord and thus appears in close relation to the axial skeleton. A Swedish national series collected over a period of 13 years, comprising 51 patients with a follow-up time of 8-20 years, was studied. Histologically all tumors had a typical appearance except two, which had characteristics of "chondroid chordoma". Fifty-seven per cent of the tumors were located in the sacrococcygeal region, 27 per cent in the spheno-occipital region and 16 per cent in the vertebrae. The peak age incidence was in the 6th and 7th decades. Male: female ratio was 1:1. The main symptoms were pain and neurologic disturbances. Skeletal destruction was noted radiographically in most instances. Intratumoral calcifications were rarely seen. The treatment was surgery, radiotherapy or a combination of these. There was only one long-term survivor without evidence of disease, a patient operated on for cervical chordoma 14 years earlier. Six other patients lived 8-18 years after diagnosis with chordoma. All other patients were dead; 39 died of chordoma, five of unrelated causes. Distant metastases were noted in 29 per cent. Chordoma constituted 17.5 per cent of all primary malignant bone tumors of the axial skeleton. The yearly incidence was 0.51 per million inhabitants in Sweden. PMID- 7211317 TI - Ultrasonic device in bone cutting. A histological and scanning electron microscopical study. AB - The immediate and the long-term effects on bone produced by an ultrasonic cutting device and an oscillating saw were compared histologically and by scanning electron microscopy. The long bones and scapulas of rabbits were used as experimental material. By scanning electron microscopy the osteotomy surface produced by the ultrasonic saw was observed to be rougher than that produced by oscillating saw, but there were no microfractures. Histologically the early regeneration of the bone tissue was delayed to some degree after ultrasonic cutting, but the regeneration process as a whole was found to be the same after cutting with either of the saws. PMID- 7211318 TI - Postural control in scoliosis. A statokinesimetric study in patients with scoliosis due to neuromuscular disorders and in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Statokinesimetric characteristics were analysed in patients with scoliosis which had developed in the course of degenerative neuromuscular disorders and in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Patients with Duchenne and limb- girdle muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy showed markedly decreased oscillations of the body's centre of gravity, in addition to a forward shift of its mean position. Thus the postural equilibrium in neuromuscular patients with scoliosis is even more efficiently controlled than normal. On the other hand, patients with idiopathic scoliosis did not show any significant changes as compared with normal subjects. The present study therefore does not support the suggestion that the pathogenesis of scoliosis, at least in neuromuscular patients, is triggered by an impairment of descending postural control. PMID- 7211319 TI - Transacetabular arthrotomy of the hip joint. AB - Removal of a loose body or some other lesion in the acetabular fossa by an ordinary arthrotomy of the hip joint can be extremely difficult and may necessitate dislocation of the femoral head with the ensuing risk of vascular disturbances. A method has been developed to overcome these difficulties. Essentially it implies that a hole is made centrally in the acetabular fossa from the intrapelvic side via an inferior midline abdominal incision and extraperitoneal dissection. After the hole has been made in the bone, the fat pad in the acetabular fossa (pulvinar acetabuli) is incised and the pathological lesion, e.g. a loose body, can easily be removed. Large areas of the femoral head can be inspected by movements of the joint in different directions. If indicated, the whole acetabular fossa can be removed leaving only the cartilage-covered part of the acetabulum (facies lunata) intact. The method has been successfully used in four hip joints in three patients. PMID- 7211320 TI - Mechanical prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis in Charnley hip arthroplasty. AB - A retrospective study of 521 Charnley hip replacements involving 471 patients is presented, assessing the effect of mechanical prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis. During the operation venous flow was stimulated in all cases by passive movement at the ankle joint. In addition, all patients used Flowtron leggings--a non-invasive, intermittent pneumatic compression device - on the unoperated leg during the operation and on both legs during the first 24 hours after the operation. The patients were mobilized as soon as possible with weight bearing on the operated leg from the second postoperative day. As indicated by the results, the above combination of early mobilization, peroperative stimulation of the venous flow and the use of Flowtron leggings lowered the incidence of thromboembolic complications to 3.6 per cent. PMID- 7211324 TI - Anterolateral rotational instability in the ankle joint. An experimental study of anterolateral rotational instability, talar tilt, and anterior drawer sign in relation to injuries to the lateral ligaments. AB - In seven amputated legs the ankle region was dissected free, and anterolateral rotational instability, talar tilt, and anterior drawer sign in the talocrural joint were studied in relation to varying degrees of injury to the lateral ligaments of the ankle and in relation to various positions of the foot. This revealed a good correlation between the degree of ligamentous injury and the degree of the three different types of instability. Anterolateral rotational instability was maximal when the investigation was performed with the ankle joint in the plantar flexion, whereas the talar tilt was more pronounced with the ankle joint in the neutral position and the anterior drawer sign most distinct when the ankle joint was in dorsal flexion. Compared with the other two signs, the anterior drawer sign proved to be a relatively inconstant type of instability. PMID- 7211323 TI - Function after anterolateral resection of the lower leg for extirpation of tumors. Extension and pronation of the foot restored by transfer of the tibialis posterior muscle. AB - A function preserving method for radical removal of tumors located anterolaterally in the lower leg is described. The loss caused by the inclusion of all extensors and pronators of the foot in the surgical specimen is compensated for, to a large extent, by transfer of the tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle to the conjoint tendons of the extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius. The function after such an operation has been studied in two patients using various methods including strength measurements and, in one of them, electromyography. PMID- 7211322 TI - Perichondrial autograft in traumatic chondromalacia patellae. Report of a case. AB - A case of clinically successful autografting of rib perichondrium to the patella in a 55-year-old woman suffering from painful traumatic chondromalacia patellae is reported. A postoperative arthrogram however did not show any significant regeneration of cartilage but arthroscopy revealed a smooth surface of cartilage on the patella. Biopsies were not performed. PMID- 7211321 TI - Rotational deformities after femoral shaft fractures in childhood. A retrospective study 27-32 years after the accident. AB - Fifty femoral shaft fractures sustained in childhood and for the most part treated conservatively were studied in retrospect 27-32 years after the accident, with special reference to rotational deformity. Femoral rotation was measured by means of so-called anteversion X-rays according to Dunn-Rippstein, and the same radiological examination was carried out in a control group of 100 adult volunteers. The L/R differences in femoral rotation were studied in the patient group in comparison with the control group. Persistent rotational dislocation was found in only one case, and had had no demonstrable untoward consequences. The established view that rotational dislocation is incapable of spontaneous correction is refuted with aid of clinical and experimental data from the literature and personal observations. It is concluded that, in the patients studied, good results have been obtained by the conventional traction methods of Bryant and Russel. The use of the so-called "Weber Bock" to replace these methods is therefore not recommended. PMID- 7211325 TI - The prognostic value of Eustachian tube function measurements in tympanoplastic surgery. AB - The Eustachian tube function was tested preoperatively by sonotubometry and by the negative pressure equalization test in 87 ears subjected to simple myringoplasty, tympanoplasty alone, or tympanoplasty combined with mastoid surgery. The relations between tubal function test results and healing were analysed on average 10 months after the operation. The results indicating absent or partial pressure equalization ability were poorly correlated with the successful outcome of surgery, while sonotubometry showed a good correlation. Pressure equalization may produce such an unphysiological underpressure that many test results are erroneously negative. Sonotubometry is an entirely physiological method and has in this Department replaced the pressure equalization test for routine evaluation of the Eustachian tube function. PMID- 7211326 TI - The effect of static middle ear pressures on the hearing threshold. AB - The effect of static tympanic pressure gradients on hearing sensitivity was studied by introducing relative underpressure of 5, 10 and 15 cmH2O in the middle ear cavity of six normal ears. A self-recording Bekesy audiometer was used to measure the hearing threshold shifts during middle ear pressure equilibrations. The threshold loss was most prominent for 0.5 and 1 kHZ and less for 4 kHZ. A threshold gain was shown for 2 and 6 kHZ. Over all test frequencies the threshold shifts were increased with higher relative underpressure in the middle ear cavity. In order to evaluate the hearing impairment caused by noise, it is therefore important to control the middle ear pressure before hearing is tested. A small change in middle ear pressure can be ignored when using the summed hearing thresholds between 2 and 8 kHZ. PMID- 7211327 TI - Repair of experimental tympanic membrane perforations. AB - In this investigation the healing pattern of experimental central and marginal pars tensa perforations in cats and rats was studied by using light and scanning electronmicroscopic techniques. The perforations were closed by hyperplastic squamous epithelium exhibiting a marked keratin production. This keratin formed a membranous structure which primarily appeared to close the perforation. No ingrowth of squamous epithelium into the middle ear cavity could be detected. Generally speaking, the perforations had closed within 9-11 days in rats and within 12-14 days in cats. PMID- 7211328 TI - Ultrastructural morphology of mucoid effusion in secretory otitis media. AB - The ultrastructural morphology of 19 mucoid middle ear effusions in 14 children with secretory otitis media was studied. Phagocytosing neutrophil granulocytes were the most common inflammatory cells, and ingested bacteria were present in some of them. The next in frequency were macrophages and lymphocytes. Monocytes and polyblasts were also present in most specimens. No plasma cells, eosinophil granulocytes or mast cells were seen. Epithelial cells were common, and great numbers of free and phagocytosed mucus granules were found. Considerable numbers of all the celltypes were in various stages of disintegration. Thus, it seems that the effusion in secretory otitis media is primarily of inflammatory origin, and the dissolution of the cells with liberated cellular contents, together with the secretion of the mucosa, contributes to the formation of the effusion. PMID- 7211329 TI - The loudness of tinnitus. AB - Paradoxically, measurements of the loudness of tinnitus indicate that the noise is not a very loud one, yet many persons experiencing it report severe distress. It has been suggested that either loudness has not been measured correctly or that some other factor such as recruitment may be involved. These aspects were investigated, with the following results: (1) the loudness levels obtained for two methods of measuring the loudness of tinnitus differed significantly with the proposed method yielding measures of greater magnitude without exception; (2) recruitment was evidenced for all subjects. On the basis of the results the following conclusions seem justified: (1) the loudness of tinnitus may be more intense than previously reported; (2) the proposed method for measuring the loudness of tinnitus appears to be a more valid measurement than the traditional method. PMID- 7211330 TI - Hereditary deafness in the cat. An electron microscopic study of the spiral ganglion. AB - The spiral ganglion from white cats with hereditary deafness has been studied with the transmission electron microscope, and comparisons made with hearing animals at different ages. Ganglion cell loss occurs secondary to destruction of the organ of Corti, but only after the lapse of several months. Prior to neuronal loss, the type I ganglion cells lose their myelin sheaths and concurrently develop an increased content of neurofilaments. Type I neurons transform into type II through an intermediate type III stage. This process of neurofilamentous degeneration occurs slowly, and phagocytosis is therefore an inconspicuous feature. PMID- 7211331 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observations on the distended Reissner's and saccular membranes in the guinea pig. AB - The surface ultrastructures of membranous labyrinths in normal and hydropic guinea pig inner ears were studied. In normal specimens differences between Reissner's and saccular membranes were observed. The endolymphatic epithelial cells of the saccule were smaller in size and their microvilli varied more in size and distribution. Mesothelial cells of the saccule were often spherical in shape and bulged toward the vestibule. In hydropic guinea pig inner ears, distension of Reissner's and saccular membranes occurred by irregular enlargement of epithelial cells. Microvilli were reduced in size and number. On the severely distended Reissner's membrane, outpouchings, infoldings and holes were observed. Transmission electron microscopic examination revealed no significant difference between the tight junctions of epithelial cells in normal or hydropic Reissner's membranes. Mesothelial cells of Reissner's membrane were more severely degenerated than those of the saccule. Cochlear sensory cells were often degenerated in the apical turn where mesothelial cells were lacking, but saccular sensory cells showed very little change in their surface structures. PMID- 7211332 TI - Early stages of myelination in the spiral ganglion cells of the kitten during development. AB - Myelinated cell bodies of spiral ganglion in kittens during development can first be distinguished by light microscopic observation at the end of the first postnatal week. By mean of electron microscopic observation, the first signs of myelinated perikarya can be observed around the time of birth. Myelination is preceded by the ensheathment of the ganglion cell body by two or three layers of Schwann cell cytoplasmic processes. At birth, the first sign of myelination is visible at the basal part of the cochlea with thin thickenings which contain two or three major dense lines. At this stage, these thickenings cover only a small perikaryal area. Later on, the thickness and the number of thickenings increase and cover the major part of the cell body. The onset of myelination of the processes seems to precede the perikaryal myelination. PMID- 7211333 TI - Impairment of cellular immunity in patients with malignant external otitis. AB - Immunological studies were performed on 4 elderly diabetic patients with Malignant External Otitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Impairment of cellular immunity was found. Skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity to PPD, SK SD and Mumps antigen were negative and stimulation rates of peripheral blood lymphocytes by PHA, Con-A and PWM were depressed in all 4 patients. Serum immunoglobulins and complement levels were normal except in one case in which paraprotein IgG was found. Peripheral blood lymphoid cell markers and the neutrophil nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test were within normal limits in the 2 patients tested. These results indicate that cellular immune deficiency predisposes to the development of Malignant External Otitis in elderly diabetic patients. PMID- 7211334 TI - Quantification of tracking eye movements in normal subjects. AB - Voluntary tracking eye movements were analysed in 20 normal subjects whose gaze was fixed on a visual target moving at six different constant velocities between 10 degrees s-1 and 60 degrees s-1. Tracking ability was quantified according to four parameters. The mean value and dispersion of each parameter at each velocity were determined. The maximum velocity gain of smooth pursuit was, on average, 0.98-0.75, gradually diminishing with increasing target velocities of 10-60 degrees s-1. Amplitude of smooth pursuit decreased gradually and was replaced by superimposed saccades at increasing target velocities. Saccades with amplitudes of 3-10 degrees were present at all target velocities, while those greater than 10 degrees occurred mostly at target velocities above 30 degrees s-1. Square waves were rare but equally frequent at all target velocities and seemed to occur randomly during tracking eye movements. An additional group of 9 subjects was investigated twice. Mean values of maximum velocity gain of amplitude of smooth pursuit and of frequency of superimposed saccades were higher on the second occasion, probably reflecting the effect of learning. Co-operation and interaction of the smooth pursuit and the saccadic subsystems to produce the voluntary tracking were discussed. PMID- 7211335 TI - [Compensation deficits in posture and kinetics following unilateral vestibular neurectomy in cats. The role of sensorimotor activity]. AB - The role of sensorimotor activity in compensating deficits following unilateral vestibular neurectomy was studied in four adult cats using behavioral tests. Disturbances in posture and equilibrium were quantified and their subsequent compensation was described in both sensorimotor restrained and unrestrained cats. Sensorimotor restriction (S.M.R.) lasted 7 days and was performed in different postoperative periods. In the unrestrained animal, postural asymmetry compensation followed a 3-phase time course leading to preoperative criteria after about 40 days. Recovery of equilibrium developed by steps and was achieved after about 50 postoperative days. A first week applied S.M.R. was most effective in stopping postural symmetry recovery, while a later S.M.R. had no effect on the recovery time course and did not produce decompensation. On the contrary, S.M.R. (1st week or 3rd week) prevented and delayed equilibrium recovery, the earlier S.M.R. producing maximal effects. These observations suggest a CNS "sensitive period" to vicariant inputs. PMID- 7211336 TI - Perceptual and acoustic correlates of abnormal voice qualities. AB - A set of 17 voices representing various voice disorders were presented to a jury of voice experts who rated them on a 5-point scale for each of 28 terms frequently used for describing voices. A statistical treatment of these ratings yielded 5 bipolar factors accounting for 85% of the total variance. Significant correlations were found between four of these factors and certain acoustic data extracted fron long-time-average spectra and fundamental frequency distribution analysis of the same voice sample. PMID- 7211337 TI - Upper airway problems in industrial workers exposed to oil mist. AB - Exposure to oil mist used in metal work sometimes gives symptoms from skin and airways. This study was performed to evaluate histological and functional respiratory tract disorders. Six male lathe workers aged 31-64 years exposed to oil mist for 4-29 years were examined and compared with matched controls. The investigation included case history, ENT examination, nasal mucociliary function, routine blood tests, IgE, RAST, X-ray of sinus and lungs and biopsy of the nasal mucosa. The mucociliary test showed no difference between the groups. However, all 6 exposed workers had pathological histology findings in the nasal mucosa including lack of cilia, basal cell hyperplasia, goblet cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia and subepithelial hyalinization. The biopsies from the controls were mainly normal. The remainder of the investigations revealed no pathology. The study shows that exposure to oil mist--even below the permitted threshold limit--may cause airway symptoms and histological signs comparable to a premature ageing. PMID- 7211339 TI - Occurrence, duration and prognosis of unexpected accessory nerve paresis in radical neck dissection. AB - Injuries to the spinal accessory nerve in connection with radical neck dissection occur frequently, despite the preservation of the nerve. Although the surgeon was unaware of any serious lesion of the accessory nerve, a trapezius paresis of varying degree was observed in about 60% of the patients during convalescence. The shoulder function improved in most patients, but major paresis with loss of essential rotary and supportive functions of the trapezius muscle persisted in 17% of the patients operated on. No further improvement was seen 18 months after the surgical trauma. PMID- 7211338 TI - A relative contra-indication to mediastinoscopy. AB - In a patient in whom a coarctation of the aorta had been successfully operated on 17 years earlier, a life-threatening haemorrhage from a thin-walled, dilated collateral artery occurred in conjunction with a mediastinoscopy. It is argued that diseases with increased mediastinal collateral vessels (coarctation of the aorta, cyanotic heart disease, severe suppurative lung disease) are relative contraindications to mediastinoscopy, even after a corrective procedure has been carried out. PMID- 7211340 TI - [The mobile part of the tongue, Parasitic lesions]. PMID- 7211342 TI - [The mobile part of the tongue. Phonation disorders]. PMID- 7211341 TI - [The mobile part of the tongue. Tumor pathology]. PMID- 7211343 TI - [The mobile part of the tongue. Origin, development, structure and anomalies]. PMID- 7211344 TI - [The mobile part of the tongue. Pathological anatomy]. PMID- 7211345 TI - [The mobile part of the tongue. Physiology of gustation]. PMID- 7211346 TI - The Greig polysyndactyly craniofacial dysmorphism syndrome. PMID- 7211347 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children. PMID- 7211348 TI - Angiographic evidence of low portal liver perfusion in transient neonatal hypermmonaemia. PMID- 7211349 TI - Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis with uveitis. PMID- 7211350 TI - Asymptomatic pancreatitis in cystic fibrosis without enzymatic achylia. PMID- 7211351 TI - Esophageal foreign body as a cause of respiratory symptoms. PMID- 7211352 TI - Melorheostosis in a 3-year-old girl. PMID- 7211354 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin and diabetes control. PMID- 7211353 TI - Legionnaires' disease in an immunosuppressed child. PMID- 7211355 TI - Autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in children with renal damage associated with urinary tract infections. AB - Autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall (TH) protein were analyzed in sera from 116 patients with pyelonephritis. The increases in antibody levels were limited in 23 patients with radiological detected renal damage during 31 attacks of acute pyelonephritis. 8 children with abnormally low total and/or unilateral 51Cr EDTA clearance had significantly lower IgG antibody levels to TH protein, than 14 children with normal clearance rate. All 61 children with renal damage had significantly low IgG, IgA and IgM antibody levels to TH protein 6 months after last infection as compared to the reference group. For IgG antibodies, the mean was well below -2 S.D. 12 children with increased serum creatinine had significantly lower IgG antibody levels than those with PMID- 7211356 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus infections in Oslo 1972--1978. I. Virological and epidemiological studies. AB - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was diagnosed in 464 children admitted to hospital with acute respiratory disease from autumn 1972 to spring 1978. The virological surveillance was approximately 70%. As a rule, RSV infections occurred in distinct outbreaks in late autumn and winter together with a marked increase in the number of children admitted to hospital with acute lower respiratory tract disease. The incidence in children less than 1 year of age was about 10/1000 children/year. Spread of the infection from one end of the city to the other was discernible in 2 outbreaks. More children than expected with siblings were admitted to hospital because of RSV infection, but no correlation could be observed with some other socioeconomic factors. A negative correlation was observed between RSV disease and mean air temperature and hours of sunshine per month. Rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis of RSV on cells from nasopharyngeal secretions was adopted and became comparable to cell culture technique. The rapid method has become an important adjunct to the clinical management of these patients and the method will form the basis for further epidemiological studies. PMID- 7211357 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus infections in Oslo 1972--1978. II. Clinical and laboratory studies. AB - Patient records from 422 children admitted to hospital during 6 winter outbreaks of RSV infection were examined retrospectively. Bronchiolitis (255 patients) and pneumonia (98 patients) were the most common diagnoses. Otitis media (76 patients) occurred as a complication to these conditions. Children at risk for contracting severe illness caused by RSV were infants below the age of one year, more often boys than girls. Of the children older than two years, 32% had already been diagnosed as asthmatics. Children with otitis media had more often positive bacteriological findings from nasopharyngeal swabs than children with bronchiolitis only. No such significant difference was found between patients with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Rapid virus diagnosis by immunofluorescence led to a decreasing utilisation of antibiotics in patients with bronchiolitis and to a shorter stay in hospital. The value of antibiotics in these infections is discussed. PMID- 7211358 TI - Borderline galactosemia. AB - A family with combined heterozygosity for "classical" galactosemia (deficiency of uridyl-transferase) and for galactokinase deficiency is reported. The proband, who had this genetic combination was detected as newborn in the ordinary screening for galactosemia. A lactose tolerance test at the age of three months proved normal and he has no symptoms or signs on ordinary diet. The mother of the proband was not only heterozygote for "classical" galactosemia and galactokinase deficiency but also for the Durarte variant. She had a substantial urine excretion of galactose and high serum galactose after an oral lactose load. She had no clinical symptoms or signs. Patients with combined heterozygosity for galactosemia may develop cataracts and should be followed by clinical examinations. PMID- 7211359 TI - Serum lipids in maternal/cord blood pairs from normal and low birthweight infants in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AB - Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride were determined in the cord blood of 54 term appropriate for gestational age, 14 preterm appropriate for gestational age and 17 small-for-dates infants and their mothers immediately after delivery in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The mean serum level of total cholesterol in cord blood of term appropriate for gestational age infants was 1.9 mmol/l, whereas that from their mothers 6.3 mmol/l. Cord serum triglyceride values in term appropriate for gestational age infants were 0.29 mmol/l and from their mothers 1.91 mmol/l. Results of these maternal cord serum lipids in the normal and low birthweight groups are similar to those of Western countries. PMID- 7211360 TI - Peptic ulcer disease in early infancy: clinical presentation and roentgenographic features. AB - Sixteen infants under 11 weeks of age developed documented peptic ulcer disease involving the stomach, duodenum or pylorus during an eight-year period in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit. The precipitous onset of gastrointestinal bleeding and/or perforation commonly associated with ulcer disease in early infancy was present in only seven (44%) of the 16 patients. The remaining nine infants (56%) presented with recurrent emesis, a presentation of peptic ulcer disease rarely described in the first weeks of life. Contrast radiography was used to demonstrate a definite ulcer crate in 13 of these patients. Two had their ulcers diagnosed at surgery and one by endoscopy. Radiographic demonstration of pylorospasm and/or gastric retention was often associated with ulcer craters located in the pyloric channel or gastric antrum. Only two patients required surgery for massive bleeding and perforation. The remainder were successfully managed medically using orogastric suction antacids and gradual resumption of milk feedings. There were no deaths within our population attributable to peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 7211361 TI - Noise pollution in neonatal units: a potential health hazard. AB - Hospital noise levels were measured for four consecutive days every two hours throughout the day in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), a normal nursery room and inside infant incubators when the latter were associated with different types of life-support equipment. There was a difference in the noise level between normal nursery and NICU, whereas a considerable increase of noise was recorded when the infant received supplemental oxygen, was under ventilator or when an air compressor was in operation. High noise levels were equally the same both in a.m. and p.m. hours in the NICU. As many high risk infants spend a long time in a NICU, there is an urgent need for further evaluation of noise levels and their effect on the outcome of infants. PMID- 7211362 TI - The differential leukocyte count in full-term newborn infants with meconium aspiration and neonatal asphyxia. PMID- 7211363 TI - Interrupted aortic arch in two siblings. AB - Two siblings with identical malformations consisting of complete interruption of the aortic arch, type B, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery are described. Five other unrelated patients with interrupted aortic arch have been investigated in the years 1971--79. Of their 6 siblings, one had a coarctation of the aorta, while 5 were normal. Together with future reports this may help us to elucidate the genetics of this entity and may improve genetic counselling. PMID- 7211364 TI - Unusual clinical and ultrastructural features in a boy with biochemically typical mannosidosis. AB - A 4 1/2-year-old boy with a history of recurring respiratory tract infections and seizures, and evidence of severe retardation of psychomotor development and growth, lacked the coarse facial features, skeletal changes and other clinical stigmata generally associated with mannosidosis, but the total alpha-mannosidase activity in his leukocytes, cultured fibroblasts and liver were no more than 10% of the control mean. Studies of the residual alpha-mannosidase enzyme suggest a specific deficiency of the thermostable isoenzyme with an acidic pH optimum. The alpha-mannosidase in the fibroblasts of our and another (control) patient with mannosidosis had a reduced affinity for the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha D-mannoside. Light microscopy of the liver biopsy showed an increase in connective tissue often distorting the hepatic architecture; numerous tiny vacuoles, small dense and lipid bodies in most hepatocytes, and similar but more extensive changes in sinusoidal cells; and sinusoidal pools of hepatocytic debris. Electron microscopy of hepatocytes revealed vacuoles similar but not identical to those described in reported mannosidosis patients, and in addition several forms of secondary lysosomes; prominent peroxisomes (microbodies); increased numbers of profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum; dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum containing traces of fine granulo-fibrillar material; increased numbers of rosettes of alpha particles of glycogen and reduced numbers of mitochondria with alterations in their distribution, size and configuration. It is believed that the usual clinical and hepatic ultrastructural features in our patient reflect another variant of mannosidosis. PMID- 7211365 TI - Dialysis encephalopathy in a non-dialysed uraemic boy treated with aluminium hydroxide orally. AB - Brain aluminium concentration has been found significantly higher in patients dying with dialysis encephalopathy than in uraemic patients without this syndrome, and it has previously been reported only in haemodialysed patients. We report a case of high brain aluminium concentration in a uraemic boy showing symptoms of severe encephalopathy. He was never dialysed but only treated with aluminium hydroxide orally. Baluarte reported corresponding symptoms in nondialysed uraemic children, but brain aluminium concentrations were not reported. His patients as well as our had very high levels of parathormone which may play a role in the resorption and distribution of aluminium. Aluminium preparations should be avoided in children with renal failure. PMID- 7211366 TI - Severe combined immunodeficiency associated with hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E, eosinophilia and impaired neutrophil chemotaxis. AB - A boy with severe combined immunodeficiency was found to have coexistent hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E, eosinophilia and impaired neutrophil chemotaxis. Based on the literature, a deficient regulatory function of the T-cell system is proposed as the basic defect leading to the observed impairment of the cellular and humoral immunity and, probably through hyper-immunoglobulinaemia E, to defective neutrophil chemotaxis. PMID- 7211367 TI - Ring chromosome 14 in a mentally retarded girl. AB - A case of ring chromosome 14 in a 12-year-old girl, showing mental retardation, epilepsy and minor somatic abnormalities, is described and compared with five previously reported cases with the same chromosome aberration. PMID- 7211368 TI - Congenital chloride diarrhea: possibility for prenatal diagnosis. AB - Two pregnancies, which resulted in the births of infants affected by congenital chloride diarrhea (C.C.D.) are presented. No method is available for prenatal diagnosis of this disorder. In this paper the intrauterine onset of diarrhea is confirmed by amniofoetography and high bilirubin values in amniotic fluid. In the second case the amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (A.F.P.) was detected to be abnormally high at the 29th gestational week. PMID- 7211369 TI - Maternal and infantile infection with Chlamydia in a Swedish population. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 2.4% of 1 328 puerperal women. The frequency was highest in the age group below 20 years and thereafter decreased with increasing age. Chlamydial conjunctivitis was confirmed in 0.4% of the infants. Two additional cases of conjunctivitis occurred among the exposed infants but chlamydia cultures were not obtained. In a separate ophthalmological material of neonatal conjunctivitis a third of the cases developing within the first month of life was associated with chlamydia. The early and sharp incidence peak for chlamydial conjunctivitis suggested that transmission occurred at delivery. No cases of chlamydial pneumonia were noted. Peroral chemotherapy is recommended in infants for systemic eradication of C. trachomatis. PMID- 7211371 TI - Hydrops of the gallbladder in the neonatal period. AB - A case of hydrops of the gallbladder in the neonatal period in which the diagnosis was made with the help of ultrasonography is described. To our knowledge this is the first case of gallbladder hydrops that has been described in the newborn period. PMID- 7211370 TI - Comparison of the composition of breast milk from mothers of term and preterm infants. PMID- 7211372 TI - Total aganglionosis of the colon (Hirschsprung's disease) and congenital failure of automatic control of ventilation (Ondine's curse). AB - Total aganglionosis of the colon presenting with small intestinal obstruction in the neonatal period was observed in combination with congenital alveolar hypoventilation requiring continuous mechanical ventilation in a boy. The patient died aged 15 months from acute dehydration due to enteritis, long after total resection of the aganglionic bowel had been performed. Pulmonary hypertension was found in the newborn period. There was progressive right ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. This is the fourth case reported with a combination of defects involving nerve cell function of the brain stem and gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7211373 TI - Case report. Trisomy 9 syndrome. AB - Two cases of trisomy 9 are described. Patient 1 is the fourth case of complete trisomy 9 to be reported, and the third reported to have been born alive. This patient showed an anomaly of the perineum, with a short distance between the anus and vulva, and the circular muscle around the anus was missing. Like earlier cases of complete trisomy 9, this girl died in the neonatal period. Patient 2, with a trisomy 9 mosaicism, had a mesenterium commune. The two above-mentioned malformations have not been described previously as part of the syndrome. The features of the trisomy 9 syndrome and the differences between infants with trisomy 9 and trisomy 9 mosaicism are discussed. PMID- 7211375 TI - Preliminary studies of energy expenditure in infants under six months of age. AB - In the study energy expenditure measurements have been made by open circuit calorimetry on a number of occasions on four infants, with special reference to the energy cost of resting metabolism, activity and diet-induced thermogenesis. In addition, for two subjects the energy cost of growth was determined. The energy expended with respect to activity was highly variable among all subjects and it was postulated that this was a factor of great importance in the energy balance of young infants; indeed, the effect of diet-induced thermogenesis was enhanced by activity. A calculation of the total energy required to gain 1 g of wet tissue in two infants was found to be different. As their intakes were 'low' and 'high' though their weight gains were accelerated and slow respectively, the difference in the energy cost of growth has been discussed as a reason for this paradox. PMID- 7211374 TI - Case report. Clindamycin associated pseudomembranous colitis. AB - Pseudomembranous colitis is rare in children. We describe a case associated with clindamycin in which Clostridium difficile and its enterotoxin were isolated from the stool. Treatment with oral vancomycin brought about a prompt and complete recovery. PMID- 7211376 TI - Follow-up study of phototreated fullterm newborns. AB - A follow-up study including examinations made by a paediatrician, an ophthalmologist and a psychologist and complemented with EEG-recordings and a number of laboratory determinations was performed at the age of 3 years on 41 children who had received phototherapy during the first week of life and on 42 control children of the same age. No differences were found in growth, development, social maturity, neurological or ophthalmologic disorders, EEG recordings or laboratory determinations between both groups. It seems unlikely that phototherapy causes any harmful longterm effects provided that the eyes are shielded. PMID- 7211377 TI - Blood pressure in Danish children and adolescents. AB - The children had been randomly selected and serve as an urban reference population. Blood pressure was measured in 52 different schools, with the same Random-Zero-Sphygmomanometer, and all pressures were measured by the same person, under standardized conditions, to eliminate as many sources of error and uncertainties as possible. For both sexes an age-dependent significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed. For both the systolic and the diastolic pressures, significant differences in blood pressure measured before and after blood testing were observed. PMID- 7211380 TI - The effects of growth hormone therapy in children with radiation-induced growth hormone deficiency. AB - The effects of growth hormone (GH) therapy were studied in 6 children, previously treated for brain tumours which did not directly involve the hypothalamic pituitary axis, and who had received cranial irradiation between 2.1 and 10 years earlier. All 6 were short with a standing height standard deviation score (SDS) from -1.7 to -3.3. Impaired growth hormone responses to an insulin tolerance test (ITT) were observed in all 6 and to a Bovril stimulation test in 5 children. The remainder of pituitary function was essentially normal. All 6 were prepubertal and 5 had a retarded bone age. During the pre-treatment year the 6 children's growth rates varied fom 2.0 to 5.1 cm. Subsequently all received human GH in a dose of 5 units 3 times weekly for 1 year. The growth rate in each was at least 2 cm greater during the treatment year than the pre-treatment year. Growth during the treatment year ranged from 6.0 to 10.1 cm. In 5 of the 6 the improvement in growth rate could be totally ascribed to the GH therapy. In the sixth there was significant pubertal maturation during the treatment year and only in this subject did the bone age advance at a significantly greater rate than the chronological age. PMID- 7211379 TI - Prophylaxis against febrile convulsions with phenobarbital. A 3-year prospective investigation. AB - An unselected patient material of 182 children admitted consecutively with febrile convulsions during a period of two years was classified into five risk groups. Continuous phenobarbital therapy for two years was recommended for 113 children (Groups I--IV). These children were followed-up as out-patients for at least one year after admission. In children receiving phenobarbital therapy, serum concentrations were controlled every third month. A total of 59 children completed the treatment according to the directives given and seven of these (12%) developed renewed febrile convulsions despite serum phenobarbital concentrations within the therapeutic range (70--120 mumol/l). No particular characteristics for these children could be established on the basis of the parameters registered. The therapeutic model established was found to be suitable for distinguishing between children with massive risk for renewed convulsions (Group I--IV) compared with children for whom treatment was not recommended (Group V). PMID- 7211378 TI - Neuroblastoma. Evaluation of 60 cases. AB - 60 cases of neuroblastoma from the departments of paediatrics and paediatric surgery, Rigshospitalet, are reviewed. The overall cure rate was 35%. In localized disease (stages I--II) the prognosis was favourable (cure rate 78%), while the prognosis for disseminated disease (stages III--IV) was poor (cure rate 10.8%). Neuroblastomas in stage IV-S had a favourable prognosis in spite of metastases to the liver, skin and bone marrow. The clinical stage at the time of diagnosis was the only independent prognostic factor in this study. PMID- 7211381 TI - Bactericidal activity of human milk leukocytes. AB - Breast milk samples obtained from 74 women, at different stages of lactation, were analysed for leukocyte concentration and their bactericidal activity. The total leukocyte count in colostrum was 5 000/mm3 a concentration which is similar to that in circulation. As lactation became established, there was a drop in leukocyte concentration and the average count in mature milk was around 2 000/mm3 after the first 3 months. Polymorphs and mononuclear leukocytes together constituted 90--95% of the cells and the rest were lymphocytes. Bactericidal activity of milk leukocytes was similar to that of circulating leukocytes, irrespective of the stage of lactation. These results indicate that breast milk is rich in living leukocytes and that these cells may have a protective role against infection in the infant. The total leukocyte concentration as well as their bactericidal capacity were similar in well nourished and undernourished women suggesting that the protective factors in milk are not influenced by nutritional status of the mother. PMID- 7211382 TI - Occurrence of oligoclonal gammaglobulin in the CSF of children with prolonged and chronic CNS-infections. AB - CSF-proteins of 1770 children and adolescents with different neurological diseases and of 75 controls were examined by zone electrophoresis in agarose gel electrophoresis and by immunofixation electrophoresis. The quantitative evaluation of the phoretograms by an analog computer revealed oligoclonal changes of the gamma-globulin profile in 53 patients with subacute or chronic CNS infections and in 5 children with a medulloblastoma. Seventeen of 37 children with congenital infections had 1--5 oligoclonal gamma-fractions consisting of IgG. Five to seven oligoclonal IgG fractions were detected in each of 16 children with SSPE. All 6 adolescents with multiple sclerosis had 2--5 oligoclonal IgG fractions. One to five oligoclonal gamma-bands occurred transiently in the CSF of 4 children with prolonged meningoencephalitis caused by different viruses, in 3 children with a prolonged non-bacterial meningitis of probable viral origin, in 2 infants with prolonged bacterial meningitis after corticosteroid therapy, and in 1 child with prolonged bacterial meningitis during cytostatic therapy. Four to six oligoclonal gamma-subfractions were found at different times during progressive viral encephalitis that developed during maintenance therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and in 2 patients with chronic meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. Since oligoclonal gamma-globulin was detected almost invariably in the CSF of patients with prolonged or chronic neurologic infections, this finding implies persistence of antigens in the CNS and pathologic invasion of lymphocytes with selective proliferation of antigen-stimulated clones. PMID- 7211383 TI - Studies on the rat liver following iron overload. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were given Jectofer injections to obtain iron overload in rat liver Kupffer and parenchymal cells. The release of iron was studied on the light and electron microscopical level by bleeding of the iron loaded animals and comparing the results with non bled controls. During the mobilization of iron. Kupffer cells showed a rapid and almost complete disappearance of electron dense iron containing particles (IP) while there was only limited decline of IPs in the parenchymal cells. Iron was demonstrated with X-ray microanalysis at the ultrastructural level, and presence of acid phosphatase was revealed using a histochemical method based on precipitation of lead phosphate at sites of enzyme activity in combination with X-ray microanalysis. It was demonstrated that all IP containing cytoplasmic bodies also showed presence of acid phosphatase implying that all of them represented lysosomes. The mechanism of release of iron from Kupffer and parenchymal cells was discussed with special emphasis on the role of the lysosomes and the relationship between their contents and other cellular structures. PMID- 7211384 TI - Bronchiolar epithelial lesions induced in the premature rabbit neonate by short periods of artificial ventilation. AB - Premature newborn rabbits were ventilated with standardized tidal volume (10 ml/kg) or standardized insufflation pressure (35 cm H2O) for 1--30 min. The lungs of the experimental fetuses were fixed by perfusion of the pulmonary artery and examined by light and electron microscopy, with particular reference to the prevalence and ultrastructure of bronchiolar epithelial lesions. Necrosis and desquamation of bronchiolar epithelium were constant findings in fetuses ventilated for 5 min. or more, and were also present in some of the fetuses ventilated for only 1 min. Since the light microscopic and ultrastructural appearance of these bronchiolar lesions is similar to early stages of human neonatal hyaline membrane disease, we conclude that artificially ventilated pre term newborn rabbits might serve as a useful model of this disease. PMID- 7211386 TI - Late effects of colchicine on the bursa of Fabricius after neonatal application on the anal lips of chickens. AB - One week after the application of colchicine on the anal lips of chickens, the bursa of Fabricius was devoid of lymphoid cells and contained only a few epithelial buds, all of which were later repopulated with lymphoid cells to form mature lymphoid follicles. After the intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, numerous epithelial buds were found in the bursa, and at the age of six weeks only a few of them were populated with lymphoid cells. On week 6, the bursal weights of the chickens treated with colchicine were only about 10% of the normal, and about 80% of the bursal weights of the cyclophosphamide treated chickens. The colchicine treatment affected the morphology of the spleen less than the treatment with cyclophosphamide. It is concluded that this new model of chemical bursectomy differs distinctly from the cyclophosphamide model and therefore serves as a new tool in studying bursal function in chicken. PMID- 7211387 TI - Estimation of the volume of human antral mucosa by measuring the antral length along the lesser and greater curvature. AB - A significant positive correlation was found in 11 antrectomy preparations between the product of antral length along the lesser and greater curvatures and the antral mucosal volume (coefficient of correlation 0.9297). This means that the antral mucosal volume can be estimated by measuring the antral length along the curvatures, a procedure possible during operation with the organ in situ. PMID- 7211385 TI - Ultrastructure of the tail stump sperm defect in the bull. AB - A characteristic major sperm defect, with about 60% of the sperm cells showing a rudimentary tail stump, was found in two sterile Danish bulls of imported origin. The condition seldom occurs, but seems to be widespread and has been observed in several breeds of cattle and in different animal species, including man. Electron microscopy of ejaculated sperm and testicular tissue from one of the bulls has shown that a dysfunction of the centriolar apparatus during spermiogenesis is likely to be the cause of the defect. In ejaculated defective sperm the proximal centriole is often found connected with the normally transitory organelle, the centriolar adjunct. In the defective spermids the distal centriole has lost the faculty to form axonemal fibers, so that no tail formation can take place. PMID- 7211388 TI - [The effects of infusion rate of Changrolin on drug concentration in blood and ECG (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211390 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for an antischistosomal drug, 4-nitro-4'-isothiocyano diphenylamine (7505) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211389 TI - [Studies on the effectiveness and toxicity of a niridazole derivative S 72014 in experimental chemotherapy of schistosomiasis japonica (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211392 TI - [Synthesis of luteolin and kaempferol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211393 TI - [Study of antiradiation drugs. I. Synthesis of some mercapto and amino derivatives of thiomorpholine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211391 TI - [Structure elucidation of antiasthmone (1, 1'-bisisomenthone) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211395 TI - [Identification study of the medicinal shells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211394 TI - [Studies on the chemical components of Dan-shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211396 TI - [Studies on the active principles fo neuromuscular blocking actions of Cyclea barbata (Wall.) Miers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211397 TI - [Studies on the physiological disposition of Qing-Hao-Sou. I. Biotransformation of Qing-Hao-Sou after oral medication in human (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211398 TI - Lipoprotein lipase of human postheparin plasma and adipose tissue in relation to physical training. AB - Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase and postheparin plasma triglyceride lipase activities were measured in 28 men differing in their physical training activity. They were divided into 4 subclasses based on their training intensity. The two most active classes (17 subjects) having regular heavy exercise at least 4 times a week were considered as the actively training group, and the other two (11 subjects) classes not training regularly as the control group. In postheparin plasma, the lipoprotein lipase activities were not different between the two groups, whereas training subjects had significantly (P less than 0.02) lower hepatic lipase activities. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was in the training group at about 70% higher level on an average than in the controls (P less than 0.10). A significant positive correlation (r = 0.38, P less than 0.05) was obtained between the adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and the level of physical activity. Our data suggest that even moderate inter-group differences in the physical training activity are reflected as measurable alterations in the adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in man. PMID- 7211400 TI - Convulsants (benzylpenicillin and pentylenetetrazol) on potential clamped myelinated axons from the rat. AB - The effect of two convulsants, benzylpenicillin and pentylenetetrazol, was tested in potential clamp experiments on single rat myelinated nerve fibres. 10 mM concentrations did not affect the permeability properties of the nodal membrane. The convulsive action is therefore probably not mediated through changes in the excitability of central axons. PMID- 7211401 TI - Thermoregulatory responses to tyramine in the pigeon. AB - Intravenous injections of different doses of tyramine induced hypothermia in the pigeon in the cold and a moderate hyperthermia in the warm environment. The hypothermia was correlated with a dose-dependent decline in shivering. Hyperthermia was attributed to the chrono- and inotropic effects of tyramine. The indirect stimulatory effects of noradrenaline (NA) at the tissue level were studied. Pretreatment with alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (alpha-MpT) and blocking alpha-adrenoceptors with phentolamine, diminished the hypothermia induced by tyramine in the cold. The results obtained indicate that the release of endogenous NA stimulated by tyramine might result either in hypothermia or hyperthermia, thus resembling similar effects obtained with exogenous NA in birds. PMID- 7211399 TI - Non-ganglionic cholinergic excitatory pathways in the sympathetic supply to the feline stomach. An efferent system or afferents with excitatory axon collaterals? AB - Experiments were performed on chloralosed, adrenalectomized cats, paralysed with gallamine and artificially ventilated. Gastric motility was recorded by the balloon method. Efferent stimulation of the cut greater splanchnic nerve, well proximal to the celiac ganglion, could either increase or decrease gastric tone. The excitatory responses called for higher stimulation intensities than the inhibitory ones but were as a rule observed at lower frequencies only (1-4 Hz). They could be abolished by atropine but were not prevented by bilateral vagotomy, hexamethonium nor guanethidine. The latter two drugs rather reversed inhibitory responses to excitatory ones which exhibited a hyperbolic frequency-response relationship with maximal effects already at 2-4 Hz. Heating of a nerve trunk selectively activates thin afferents of the delta group and C-class. Heating of the greater splanchnic nerve caused an increase in gastric motility which, like that caused by electric stimulation, was not prevented by hexamethonium nor guanethidine; nor was it eliminated by cutting the nerve centrally, nor by vagotomy, while it was abolished by atropine. These results suggest that the excitatory gastric responses to efferent splanchnic nerve stimulation are due to antidromic activation of thin afferent fibres. Their functional significance remains obscure but their peripheral arborizations may convey 'axon reflexes' influencing gastrointestinal motility. PMID- 7211402 TI - Membrane and biochemical alterations after denervation and during reinnervation of mouse skeletal muscle. AB - Denervation of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of the mouse by either nerve crush or nerve section produced: a reduction of the resting membrane potential (Em), alterations in the properties of muscle fibre action potentials and the development of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant action potentials. These changes in membrane electrical properties were accompanied by an increase in the endocytic activity of the muscle and an increase in the activities of the lysosomal enzymes cathepsin D and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGA). Reinnervation of muscle was indicated at 9 days after nerve crush by the presence of miniature end-plate potentials. The recovery of membrane electrical properties, beginning with the onset of reinnervation, were not temporally related. The Em increased in two stages: an early rapid repolarization and a later slower repolarization. The muscle fibers were sensitive to the blocking action of TTX by 12 days after nerve crush, whereas the rate of rise (dV/dt) of the action potential did not approach values of innervated muscles until 21 days. Reinnervation resulted in a decrease in endocytosis and a decrease in the activities of cathepsin D and NAGA toward innervated values by 21 days after nerve crush. The results suggest that membrane alterations after denervation and during reinnervation may occur by endo- and exocytosis of membrane constituents and that the lysosomal system may play a role in the breakdown and/or recycling of these structures. PMID- 7211403 TI - Avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) inhibits atropine resistant vasodilation in cat submandibular salivary gland and nasal mucosa: possible interaction with VIP. PMID- 7211404 TI - Pial venous constriction during cervical sympathetic stimulation in the cat. PMID- 7211406 TI - Structurally reduced compliance of the venous capacitance vessels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). PMID- 7211405 TI - The sensitivity of perifused fat cells to the antilipolytic action of adenosine. PMID- 7211407 TI - Identification of 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) as a major metabolite of arachidonic acid in human lung. PMID- 7211408 TI - Exteroceptive influence from trunk region on monosynaptic hind limb reflexes in the cat. PMID- 7211409 TI - Post-ischemic coma in rat: effect of different pre-ischemic blood glucose levels on cerebral metabolic recovery after ischemia. AB - Hyper-, normo-, and hypoglycemic rats were exposed to 10 min of complete cerebral ischemia. Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), blood-brain glucose transfer, and cerebral consumption of oxygen and glucose were measured before, as well as three and 60 minutes after ischemia. Three min after ischemia, no differences were observed between the 3 groups of rats. One h after ischemia, the hyperglycemic rats in comparison to those of the other groups had similar whole-brain CBF and glucose consumption but appreciately lower oxygen consumption, indicating continued non-oxidative use of glucose in the hyperglycemic group. In general, regional CBF values exceeded the control value by 100-200% 3 min after ischemia and were reduced to 50% of control at 1 h after ischemia, at which time the rats were still comatose. In the brain stem of hyperglycemic rats, blood flow, however, remained elevated after ischemia. Thus, the significantly increased mortality observed in rats hyperglycemic before, during and after ischemia (Siemkowicz & Hansen 1978) was the result, not of impaired postischemic CBF, but of ischemic or postischemic damage to brain cells. We suggest that the damaging factor in the hyperglycemic group is increased lactacidosis associated with prolonged anaerobic glycolysis. PMID- 7211410 TI - Endometrial cholinergic secretory responses during estrous cycle, pregnancy and after estrogen and/or progesterone treatment of the guinea-pig. AB - During estrous cycle as well as during pregnancy and after treatment with estrogen and/or progesterone uterine mucus secretory responses were studied as amount of carbohydrate released from everted guinea-pig uteri after transmural nerve stimulation of carbachol administration. In estrous cycle both stimuli increased secretion by about 20% except for the late diestrus phase, when no secretory responses were seen. In pregnancy a secretory response was noted at implantation time. From mid pregnancy and onwards secretory responses of increasing magnitude were obtained. Secretory responses persisted post partum. Evidence of an adrenergic inhibitory influence on the neurogenic cholinergic responses during metestrus was noted. Both stimuli increased carbohydrate release by about 50% above resting level in uteri from animals receiving combined hormone treatment. In uteri of animals receiving estrogen only the increase was about 20%. No definite secretory response was obtained in uteri from animals receiving progesterone only. It is suggested that both hormones are necessary for full cholinergic secretory response to nerve stimulation or muscarinic drugs. It is concluded that muscarinic stimulation of the endometrium results in mucus secretion during all crucial events during the reproductive cycle. Furthermore a cholinergic secretory innervation seems to be present at all these times. PMID- 7211411 TI - Cellular calcium as a determinant of action potential duration in rabbit myocardium. AB - It has been suggested that the amount of calcium in the myocardial cell determines force production as well as the duration of the action potential. We have examined two factors proposed to determine the action potential duration: (1) the inotropic state of the muscle and (2) the preceding stimulation interval. The experiments were performed on isolated papillary muscles from rabbits. The preparations were stimulated to contrast isometrically at a temperature of 37 degrees C and intracellular recordings of action potentials were made. An increased inotropic state produced either by raised external calcium concentration or by increased stimulation frequency was associated with shortened action potentials, confirming factor (1) above. The dependence of the action potential duration on the preceding stimulation interval (factor (2) above) disappeared over a wide range of intervals when the preparation was exposed to 4 microM D600. The action potential duration was, however, still dependent on the preceding stimulation interval when the extracellular calcium concentration had been lowered from 2.0 mM to 1.0 and 0.5 mM respectively. The results are discussed in terms of a model which postulates an inverse relationship between the amount of calcium in a membrane compartment and the action potential duration. PMID- 7211412 TI - Distribution of blood flow in the dog kidney. II. Saturation rates of inert diffusible tracers versus uptake of 15 mu microspheres during vasodilation and vasoconstriction. AB - While 15 mu microspheres (Ms) in principle provide a measure of glomerular flow, uptake rate of inert diffusible tracers indicates "effective" or "nutrient" flow, i.e. essentially postglomerular capillary flow. Paired measurements of glomerular and postglomerular flow were made in tissue samples from outer, middle and inner cortex (C1, C2, C3) and medullary zones. After a control Ms injection, renal vascular conductance (RVC) was altered in one kidney whereupon a second Ms injection was made, immediately followed by infusion of the 125I-iodoantipyrine and tritiated water. RVC was increased maximally by i.a. infusion of acetylcholine with and without reduced renal arterial pressure, whereas moderate vasodilation was produced by lowering renal arterial or rising ureteral pressure. RVC was reduced by i.a. or i.v. infusion of angiotensin II. Within a mean RVC range of 50 to 180% of control the fractional distribution of zonal postglomerular flow remained unaltered, in agreement with previous results obtained from local H2 gas desaturation rate. Glomerular flow was about 20% higher in C1, equal in C2 and 40% lower in C3 as compared to postglomerular flow in control kidneys. This disparity nearly disappeared during maximal vasodilation and tended to increase during vasoconstriction. The results might suggest a variable net postglomerular effective flow in radial direction through the renal cortex. Alternatively, the fractional redistribution of Ms might reflect a variable degree of Ms skimming at the afferent arteriolar inlets along the interlobular arteries. PMID- 7211413 TI - Effects of blood pressure manipulations on shivering thermogenesis in the pigeon. AB - The effects of blood pressure (BP) manipulations on shivering thermogenesis were studied in conscious pigeons. A rise in BP induced by noradrenaline (NA) or equipotent doses of angiotensin II (Ang II) effectively suppressed shivering at +12 degree C and partly abolished the cold-induced vasoconstriction in the feet. The inhibition commenced when the rise in BP reached +40 mmHg, and a fall in body temperature followed these responses. Comparison of the trajectories in the BP shivering plane revealed that the inhibition of shivering by Ang II could be completely explained by changes in BP, whereas NA had also another, more prolonged inhibitory action independent of baroreceptor activity. A similar dose dependence for effects on BP and shivering could be established with both drugs. An acute reduction of BP by sodium nitroprusside had also a very potent inhibitory effect on shivering. In hypotensive pigeons elevation of BP with NA initially enhanced shivering, but when BP was raised beyond normal levels shivering was again suppressed. We conclude that both a rise and a fall in BP can inhibit shivering in the pigeon, and that normal levels of BP facilitate shivering. NA inhibits shivering by more than one mechanism, but the initial effect is mediated through a baroreflexive action. The interactions of thermoregulatory and cardiovascular mechanisms suggest an integrated control of body temperature and circulation, which should be considered in experimental approaches to these homeostatic systems. PMID- 7211414 TI - Central interaction between reflex responses to activity in aortic nerve A- and C fibres. AB - The question of whether or not activity in myelinated (A) and non-myelinated (C) afferents in a baroreceptor nerve shows interaction of their reflex effects, was investigated in 10 anesthetized rabbits. The central end of the cut left aortic nerve was stimulated by two sets of electrodes, one for selective high-frequency excitation of A-fibres (A-stimulation) and one for low-frequency activation of C- (and A-) fibres by another pulse generator (C-stimulation). The pulse rates in C stimulations were too low to evoke reflex effects via A-fibres. The hypotensive response to combined stimulations of A- and C-fibres (AC-stimulation) was found to exceed the sum of responses to separate A- and C-stimulations in 21 of 22 stimulation series. For sympathetic activity to the kidney, a greater than additive effect was observed in 16 of 24 series (P = 0.08), while in 6 of the series, the responses were equal. Median values of the ratio AC/(A + C) were 1.28 for the reflex changes in pressure and 1.11 for the effects on renal nerve activity. Similarly, C-stimulation, which in comparison to A-stimulation affected sympathetic activity relatively more than blood pressure, in 13 of 16 series (P = 0.01) produced a greater sympathetic inhibition when added to a background of A fibre activity than when alone. These results suggest that a synergistic interaction exists between central effects of afferent discharge in aortic nerve A- and C-fibres. PMID- 7211415 TI - Experimental evidence for neurotensin or a metabolite being a hormone. PMID- 7211416 TI - Release of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) from rat intestine following administration of bombesin. PMID- 7211419 TI - Plasma NTLI after administration of fat to obese volunteers and patients operated with jejuno-ileal bypass. PMID- 7211417 TI - (Gln4)-neurotensin and gastrointestinal motility in man. PMID- 7211420 TI - Free fatty acids in the brain in bicuculline-induced status epilepticus. PMID- 7211418 TI - Inhibition of pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion and rise in the plasma concentration of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) by intraduodenal oleic acid in man. PMID- 7211421 TI - [Sleep disturbances. Toward a new classification (author's transl)]. AB - Various epidemiological studies show that sleep disturbances are very frequent. The clinician often treats these disturbances in a non specific way with hypnotic medication. He by-passes the diagnostic steps by doing this. Recently our knowledge on normal and pathological sleep has much increased. The aim of this article is to show that it is now possible to define a rational diagnostic approach having therapeutic implications. PMID- 7211422 TI - [The "community meeting" in a therapeutic community (author's transl)]. AB - This article explores the aim, structure, direction modalities, the role and intervention of the staff in a 'community meeting'. Problems related to large group phenomena, course, contents and dynamics of that meeting are also studied. We conclude that 'community meeting' is a difficult but indispensable meeting in a therapeutic community. It is the place where the different therapeutic activities of the community can be integrated and where a therapeutic culture can be developed. PMID- 7211424 TI - A new dosage schedule for pimozide in the acute stabilisation and maintenance treatment of psychosis. AB - In the present study, the value of pimozide, rapidly instituted at an optimal maintenance dose, for facilitating the social re-integration was assessed in 24 psychotic, mainly newly admitted, patients. The study comprised three stages spread over about 2 months, in which an optimal daily dose was individually fixed during stage 2 and maintained during stage 3. At the selection and at the end of stage 1, 2 and 3 (or at discharge) the psychiatric status of the patients was evaluated by means of the "Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale" and the resocialization readiness by means of the "Discharge Readiness Questionnaire". At completion of the trial 16 patients were ready for discharge. PMID- 7211423 TI - Fluspirilene (Imap) in the treatment of psychosomatic complaints in hypochondriacal patients. AB - Patients with psychosomatic complaints of a hypochondriacal nature were treated with a weekly IM dose of 1.2-1.5 mg fluspirilene (0.6-0.75 ml IMAP) for a period of 10 weeks. According to the physicians' ratings, good results were obtained in 58%, moderate ones in 28%. In the patients' ratings, this corresponded to 60 and 26% respectively. Acceptability of the treatment was assessed as good by 88% of the physicians and 90% of the patients. Only two side effects were reported by three patients alike (dry mouth and sweating). The other side-effects were rarer in occurrence and half of them were transient. PMID- 7211425 TI - [Use of pimozide (ORAP) in child psychiatry (author's transl)]. AB - In a double blind cross-over study, pimozide was tested in 10 children with antisocial behavior. During two months, pimozide was administered orally between 1 and 2,6 mg per day. The use of a behavior scale permitted to conclude that pimozide improves social integration in the Socio-familial milieu. PMID- 7211428 TI - Effect of availability and acceptability of lethal instruments on suicide mortality. An analysis of some international data. AB - Suicide mortality in the 5 years 1969-73 in 11 countries is examined in relation to the methods used. Some countries have substantially high suicide rates for each method, others have increased mortality for certain specific methods. In this latter group it is suggested that some of the variations in total suicide mortality can be explained by variations in either the availability or the acceptability of certain specific instruments for causing death, particularly domestic gas, firearms and hanging. PMID- 7211427 TI - Influence of maternal distress during pregnancy on postnatal development. AB - Children of women whose applications for legal abortion in 1960 had been refused were compared with the next same-sexed children born in the same delivery wards, whose mothers were of similar age, parity and social class. The postnatal somatic and psychosocial development in 90 pairs thus matched was followed up to 15 years of age using school grades, the school health card and the register of the social welfare authorities. The initially unwanted children had a more insecure childhood with more cases of divorce. They performed worse at school and displayed more psychosomatic symptoms, they were more often registered with the social welfare authorities and in need of psychiatric treatment. When the 48 pairs that were formally equivalent as to having lived with their biological parents were compared the difference in school achievement remained. The result may be seen as support of the hypothesis of a negative prenatal influence. PMID- 7211426 TI - Influence of maternal distress during pregnancy on complications in pregnancy and delivery. AB - Children of women whose applications for legal abortion in 1960 had been refused were compared with the next children born in the same delivery wards, whose mothers were of similar age, parity and social class. 133 pairs thus matched were studied concerning the incidence of complications during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium. There were no statistically significant differences during either pregnancy, delivery or puerperium. The conclusion is that children of unwanted pregnancies do not run a greater risk of damage during delivery than the controls and the hypothesis of a negative influence due to an initially unwanted pregnancy was not supported. PMID- 7211429 TI - Drug abuse among resident doctors. AB - 240 young doctors undergoing a residency programme in a medical school in India were individually interviewed for pattern and extent of drug abuse. Drug abuse was operationally defined as "Indulgence in a drug with a frequency of at least once a month without medical prescription". Of the doctors 30.4% were categorised as drug abusers currently, 14.2% had used one or the other drug in the past, and 17.9% had never used any drug. A significantly higher level of abuse was observed among male doctors (37.1%) than female doctors (2.2%). Alcohol was most commonly abused (17.9%). Minor tranquilizers were abused by 17.5%. None of the doctors was abusing any substances on a daily basis. No hard drugs were abused. Common reasons for alcohol intake were for the sake of company and curiosity. Minor tranquilizers and amphetamines were taken for their pharmacological effects. PMID- 7211430 TI - Long-term treatment of depression with isocarboxazide. AB - Isocarboxazide has been used as long-term treatment for a selected group of 20 depressive patients, of whom some 90% (17/19) were non-responders to treatment with tricyclic antidepressants. At the follow-up the median duration of illness was 162 months, and the median duration of treatment was 42 months. Side-effects and interactions were moderate thus legitimating a treatment procedure on which all the patients of the material responded better than on any other antidepressive treatment. Treatment with monoamine-oxidase-inhibitors, like isocarboxazide, should not be left untried in the case of therapy-resistant depression. PMID- 7211431 TI - Psychogenic needs in a 70-year-old urban population. Norms for the CMPS and sex and age relations. AB - Psychogenic needs according to Murray were measured by means of the Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule on representative samples of men and women taking part in a health control in Gothenburg, Sweden. Means, standard deviations, stanine scores and a comparison with results from 50-year-old men and women and with 16-year-old boys and girls with regard to sex differences are presented. Men in all three age groups scored higher than women on achievement and dominance, and women in all three age-groups scored higher than men on nurturance and sociability. Seventy year-old men and women scored lower than the 50-year-olds on exhibition and higher on order and acquiescence. The difference between the sexes was smaller in 70-year-olds than in 50-year-olds with regard to nurturance. The standard deviations were generally smaller in 70-year-olds than in 50-year-olds. Four out of the 11 subscales had distributions that were skewed in the 70-year-olds. PMID- 7211432 TI - Personality dimensions in a 70-year-old urban population. Norms for the MNT scales and sex and age relations. AB - The three personality dimensions validity, solidity and stability according to Sjobring were measured by means of the MNT scales in representative samples of 70 year-old men and women taking part in a health control survey in Gothenburg, Sweden. Means, standard deviations, stanine scores and a comparison with results from other Swedish studies pertaining to representative samples of middle-aged men and women and 16-year-old boys and girls are presented. Seventy-year-old men scored higher than 70-year-old women on validity, as did men in all other age groups. The difference could, to some extent, be related to the lower prevalence of neurosis and personality deviations in men. There was no difference between the sexes in the 70-year-olds nor in the middle-aged people with regard to solidity and stability. Sixteen-year-old boys scored higher on stability than 16 year-old girls. Seventy-year-olds of both sexes scored lower on validity than 45 year-olds of both sexes and 70-year-old men scored higher on stability than 45 year-old men. The size of the differences of personality dimensions between the sexes was similar in 70-year-olds and 45-year-olds, and the standard deviations of the personality dimensions were also similar between the 70-year-olds and the 45-year-olds. PMID- 7211433 TI - Synaptic proteins after electroconvulsive stimulation: reversibility and regional differences in the brain. AB - The pattern of changes in brain-specific proteins mainly related to the synapses were studied in rats given electroconvulsive stimuli (ECS). One group was studied after three ECS per week for 4 weeks, another was further allowed a recovery period of 12 weeks. The experimental animals were compared with adequate controls. Brain-specific proteins were analyzed using crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The changes in the protein pattern after 4 weeks of ECS differed in the regions studied and are interpreted as follows: in the hypothalamus the amount of synapses seem to have increased, in the forebrain synaptic remodelling is under way and in the occipital cortex a delay in the neuronal development has been induced. The results further indicate an overall increased preparedness to meet the glycolytic demands accompanying seizure. Following 12 weeks of recovery a partial reversion of the induced changes was observed. The implication of the findings in relation to newer concepts of the working action of electroconvulsive therapy is discussed. PMID- 7211434 TI - Delirium tremens: some clinico-chemical features. A study of alanine aminotransferase, alcaline phosphatase, prothrombine and enolase. AB - The relationship between variables reflecting liver disease (serum-alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), serum alcaline phosphatase and plasma prothrombine) and the clinical signs and symptoms during delirium tremens (DT; grade 3) and related clinical states (grade 2) was studied. Furthermore, it was investigated whether the two isoenzymes of enolase which predominante in brain tissue were present in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in DT patients. A correlation between SGPT and clinical state was not observed, which indicates that a causal relationship does not exist between acute liver cell damage and clinical state during DT of grade 3 or 2. In grade 2 patients, but not in grade 3 patients, both SGPT and serum alcaline phosphatase decreased between admission and recovery. This difference between the groups may be due to a higher alcohol consumption and a shorter interval between last drink and admission in grade 3. The difference in recent drinking history may also account for the finding of a higher plasma prothrombine index in grade 3 compared with grade 2, because chronic ethanol intoxication may be accompanied by enhanced hepatic protein synthesis. "Brain enolase" was not present in detectable amounts in blood or CSF during DT thus suggesting that brain cell damage resulting in leakage of this enzyme from the cells did not prevail during DT. PMID- 7211435 TI - Haematological changes and state of hydration during delirium tremens and related clinical states. AB - In order to obtain some information about the state of hydration and possible haematological changes in patients with delirium tremens (grade 3) and related clinical states (grade 2) various clinico-chemical variables were measured at the time of admission and repeatedly until clinical recovery from the psychotic state. In grade 3 patients plasma protein concentration, blood haemoglobin concentration, blood haematocrit and erythrocyte count decreased between admission and recovery probably reflecting a slight haemodilution. The changes were all within the normal range for the variables and there was thus no indication of hypo- or hypervolemia. Delirium tremens patients without concomitant somatic diseases should not be routinely treated with intravenous fluid therapy. In grade 2 patients no statistically significant changes occurred in the above mentioned variables. In the grade 3 patients there was a dramatic (100%) increase in plasma iron concentration between admission and the subsequent morning and this was probably related to the elimination of ethanol from the body. In grade 2 patients, where the initial blood alcohol concentration was lower than in grade 3 patients, no change in plasma iron concentration occurred. A statistically significant increase in reticulocyte count between admission and recovery in both grade 3 and grade 2 patients probably reflected the recovery of haemopoietic tissue from the insult of the preceding ethanol intoxication. The same may be true for the prevailing anisocytosis, whereas the trend towards leucocytosis may be due to unspecific stress during the ethanol withdrawal reaction. The rapid changes in some of the clinico-chemical variables stress the importance of initiating investigational procedures immediately at the hour of admission. PMID- 7211436 TI - Evidence for direct visual access to letter identities. PMID- 7211437 TI - Typicality, physiological activity and concept identification. PMID- 7211438 TI - Effect of compatibility of S-R mapping on reactions toward the stimulus source. PMID- 7211439 TI - [Identification and major catastrophies]. PMID- 7211441 TI - Handling of sinisters in Venezuela. PMID- 7211440 TI - [Identification of French victims of the Los Alfaques catastrophy]. PMID- 7211442 TI - [Role of foreign physicians in the identification of catastrophy victims (the Kolwezi affair)]. PMID- 7211443 TI - [Identification of victims following the Alfaques accident (Catalonia, 1978). Technics and results--organization]. PMID- 7211445 TI - [Identification of a skull by superposition of electronically mixed images]. PMID- 7211444 TI - [Participation of the departmental Director of Civil Defense]. PMID- 7211447 TI - The identification of mass casualties. PMID- 7211446 TI - [Methodology in catastrophies]. PMID- 7211448 TI - [Mortician business intervention at the end of a mass accident]. PMID- 7211449 TI - [The thanatologist facing mass casualties]. PMID- 7211450 TI - [Theory of co-dying]. PMID- 7211451 TI - Recent American experiences in mass deaths. PMID- 7211452 TI - [Contribution of osteo-articular surgery in identification technics]. PMID- 7211453 TI - [Catastrophies and mass casualties: contribution of anthropological expertise]. PMID- 7211454 TI - [Odontology and identification]. PMID- 7211455 TI - [Attempt at systematization of international cooperation in identification matters of victims of mass accidents]. PMID- 7211456 TI - The organization of the Commission of Identification of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. PMID- 7211457 TI - [Technical considerations apropos of collecting cadavers and cadaveric fragments at the time of a mass catastrophy]. PMID- 7211458 TI - [Medicolegal problems associated with catastrophies]. PMID- 7211459 TI - Method of identification of the casualties in the civil aviation disaster happened on September 20, 1976. PMID- 7211460 TI - [Practical considerations on technics to be used in identification matters of aviation catastrophy victims]. PMID- 7211461 TI - [Assistance by information services and statistical technics in the identification of victims of major catastrophies]. PMID- 7211462 TI - Lipid mobilizing activity and lipolytic activity of serum and blood lipids in viral hepatitis in children. PMID- 7211463 TI - Impaired urine acidification in persons of advanced age. PMID- 7211464 TI - Clinical assessment of trithiozine for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7211465 TI - Blood and serum group systems in psoriasis. PMID- 7211466 TI - A cardiotocographic evaluation of the cold pressor test in pregnancy complicated by severe hypertension. PMID- 7211468 TI - Sleep pattern in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7211467 TI - Long-term electrocardiographic studies in patients with Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7211469 TI - [Aspiration cytology of thyroid tumors. 6 years' experience]. PMID- 7211470 TI - [Peritoneal tumors: apropos of 2 cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei]. PMID- 7211471 TI - [Erythrocyte metabolism in human hypothyroidism, before and after short-term hormone substitution therapy]. PMID- 7211472 TI - A successful embolization of a vertebral arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 7211473 TI - Thoracic injuries in urban infants and children. PMID- 7211474 TI - [Physician-patient relations and intensive gastroenterologic diagnosis]. PMID- 7211475 TI - [Use of a small programmable calculator as an aid in radiotherapy planning]. PMID- 7211476 TI - Alternatives to a bureaucratic structure for the national health service. The point of view of a nurse. PMID- 7211477 TI - [Toward an effective humanization of science and medical technology]. PMID- 7211478 TI - Sulpiride stimulation of prolactin secretion in adolescents with gynecomastia: relation to the circulating levels of estradiol. PMID- 7211479 TI - [Teaching the subject Anatomy I at the Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas de Lisboa. Experience during 1978/79]. PMID- 7211481 TI - Relative reference values for clinical chemical and haematological quantities in 'healthy' elderly people. AB - A search of the literature revealed a paucity of data on reference values for clinical chemical and haematological quantities in reasonably 'healthy' ambulant persons above 65 years of age. On the basis of 90 papers, concerning 37 different types of quantities, the median values for men and for women at 30, 50, 65, and 80 years are calculated relative to the value in men at 30 years. This transformation reduces influences of analytical and demographic factors that have caused considerable systematic differences in the original data. The reference distribution is described as regards symmetry and the change in dispersion with age. The results are given in a table and show four types of changes with age: no significant variation, a fall, an increase or a maximum somewhere between 30 and 80 years; the type of change often depends on sex. PMID- 7211480 TI - [Radiological aspects of solitary tumorous lesions of the bones]. PMID- 7211482 TI - Hypertrophic protein-losing gastritis (Menetrier's disease) treated with cimetidine. AB - A man aged 46 developed Menetrier's disease with massive hypertrophic gastritis and significantly elevated gastrointestinal protein clearance. During treatment with cimetidine the protein loss decreased markedly and the gastric mucosa normalized. PMID- 7211483 TI - Response to busulphan treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and myelofibrosis in one and the same patient. AB - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) occurs occasionally in association with other blood disorders. This fact has led to the suspicion, that a mutation on the stem cell level may produce a dual defect of hematopoiesis, the PNH defect as well as other disturbances in blood formation. A patient with PNH and myelofibrosis appearing simultaneously is presented. Treatment with busulphan resulted in reduction of the hemolysis and improvement of the patient's condition. To our knowledge, this experience has not been described previously. PMID- 7211484 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease) complicated by pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and brain abscess. AB - A man who developed two brain abscesses was later found to have hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Brain abscess is a known complication of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. About 15% of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia develop such a fistula during their lives. Surgical resection of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas is recommended because of the risk of severe neurological sequelae. PMID- 7211485 TI - A 69-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency and elevated sweat electrolytes. AB - A 69-year-old man with chronic obstructive lung disease and steatorrhea presented with diffuse peribronchial thickenings in both lungs, pancreatic insufficiency and elevated sweat electrolytes. The findings are best compatible with cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained chronic obstructive pulmonary disease even in the elderly, particularly if combined with evidence of maldigestion or recurrent pancreatitis. PMID- 7211486 TI - Therapeutic splenectomy in hematologic disorders. Effects and complications in 221 adult patients. PMID- 7211487 TI - Pituitary function in patients with enlarged sella turcica and primary empty sella syndrome. AB - The pituitary function in 20 patients with primary empty sella syndrome has been evaluated. The only endocrine symptom was secondary amenorrhoea in four patients. In half of the patients, pituitary function tests showed minor abnormalities, the most common being impaired growth hormone response to glucagon. In addition to the empty sella, other intracranial abnormalities such as pituitary tumour and hydrocephalus were found in four patients. Although commonly a benign condition, the empty sella may occasionally be associated with clinically important endocrine dysfunction, pituitary tumours and other intracranial abnormalities. PMID- 7211488 TI - Influence of smoking on thyroid activity. AB - Serum concentrations of T4, T3, rT3 and TSH were determined before and after cessation of chronic smoking in healthy subjects. Their body weights were measured at the same intervals. Abstention from smoking was monitored through determination of CO content in blood. Cessation of smoking was accompanied by small reductions in serum T4 and rT3 and by a small rise in serum TSH. Serum T3 was not significantly altered. A minor rise in body weight was noticed. It is suggested that smoking promotes a modestly increased secretion of thyroid hormone, which is readjusted to normal following cessation of smoking. The assumed smoking-induced increase in thyroid hormone secretion is apparently not mediated by enhanced TSH secretion but by some other factor, e.g. the sympathetic nervous system. The hormonal changes might contribute to the increase in body weight frequently seen after cessation of smoking. PMID- 7211489 TI - Non-infarction coronary care unit patients. A three-year follow-up with special reference to oesophageal dysfunction and ischaemic heart disease as origin of chest pain. AB - Among 55 consecutive coronary care unit (CCU) patients with chest pain of unknown origin at discharge from hospital, signs of oesophageal dysfunction (OD) were found in 58% and signs of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in 35% within 2-6 months. At a three-year follow-up, signs of OD were found in 62% and signs of IHD in 28%. Forty-six patients (84%) had experienced a pain similar to that which caused the CCU admission (i.e. the CCU chest pain). OD was regarded as the cause of the CCU chest pain in seven patients (13%) and as a possible cause in another nine (16%). IHD was regarded as the cause of the CCU chest pain in 17 patients (31%), four of whom had died from acute myocardial infarction during the follow-up period. All ten patients who developed coronary events, such as myocardial infarction or progressive angina pectoris, during the follow-up period had an ischaemic ECG reaction at exercise test 2-6 months after discharge from the CCU. IHD was found to be the predominant disease in terms of severity of symptoms and prognosis and was also recorded as the most common single cause of the CCU chest pain. Since OD was common and even caused severe chest pain in some patients, oesophageal origin should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain in non infarction CCU patients. PMID- 7211490 TI - Oesophageal function and chest pain in male patients with recent acute myocardial infarction. AB - Oesophageal function and symptoms were investigated in 52 male patients 2-6 months after an acute myocardial infarction. Oesophageal function was tested by manometry, pH recording and acid perfusion test. Signs of oesophageal dysfunction (OD) were found in 17 patients (33%). This frequency did not differ significantly from that in a random male population sample, but was lower than in a group of male coronary care unit patients with no signs of a new or earlier myocardial infarction at discharge from hospital (p less than 0.05). All but two patients affirmed chest pain by questionnaire. At a verbal interview, 38 patients (73%) had a history of angina pectoris after discharge from hospital. Thirty-five (92%) of these patients had an ischaemic ECG reaction and/or recurrence of their anginal chest pain during the exercise test, one of them also had evidence of oesophageal origin of his chest pain. There were no signs of OD in the remaining three patients with a history of angina pectoris. Therefore, OD does not constitute a common problem in the differential diagnosis of anginal chest pain in patients with recent myocardial infarction. PMID- 7211491 TI - A 5-year follow-up of young men with primary T wave aberrations in their electrocardiograms. AB - Forty-eight subjects (group T) with primary T wave aberrations in their electrocardiograms (e.g. notches, flattening or inversion in leads II, CR4 and CR7 but without a concomitant ST depression) and 38 controls (group C), examined previously at the age of 18-19 years, were re-examined after 5.4 and 7.5 years respectively. The incidence of heart disease between the two examinations was lower in group T than in the controls. The T wave aberration had decreased in severity in 22 subjects in group T, but 66% of them still showed T wave aberrations at rest. Only one subject was free from T wave aberrations during orthostasis. Beta-adrenergic blockade in 27 subjects in group T suggested that 3 possibly had organic genesis to the aberrations. The earlier reported signs of high sympathetic tone in group T had decreased, but a somewhat higher heart rate and diastolic blood pressure than in the controls still remained. The systolic time intervals suggested larger stroke volumes in group T than in the controls and did not indicate decreased myocardial performance in group T. The attenuated differences between groups T and C in T wave abnormality, heart rate and blood pressure over the follow-up period suggest that T wave abnormality as an isolated finding in young men is a benign finding. PMID- 7211492 TI - Oxypurine release in cardiac disease. An indicator of general hypoxia in patients with cardiac arrest. AB - The excretion of hypoxanthine-xanthine and uric acid in urine and the concentrations in peripheral venous blood were determined in nine patients with cardiac arrest due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in ten control patients with AMI without cardiac arrest and in nine with angina pectoris. The patients with cardiac arrest showed a 6-fold increase in urinary excretion of hypoxanthine xanthine 0-2 hours after cardiac arrest. No difference was observed in the uric acid excretion or the hypoxanthine-xanthine and uric acid concentrations in peripheral venous blood. The urinary excretion of hypoxanthine-xanthine increases considerably in connection with reversible cardiac arrest, indicating general tissue hypoxia. No relationship could be found between the duration of cardiac arrest and the increased hypoxanthine-xanthine excretion in the urine. PMID- 7211493 TI - Determination of oxalic acid clearance and plasma concentration by radioisotope infusion. Results in a family with hyperoxaluria. AB - The renal clearance of 14C-oxalate was studied in a family with two children suffering from primary hyperoxaluria. The 14C-oxalate/creatinine clearance ratio ranged from 1.8 to 2.6 (mean 2.0) and appeared to be independent of the glomerular filtration rate. The calculated plasma oxalate concentrations in the three normo-oxaluric subjects ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 mumol/l, whereas values of 3.2 and 16.3 mumul/l were found in the two hyperoxaluric subjects. In the latter patient, the oxalate production decreased and the clearance increased after vitamin B6 treatment, resulting in a drop in the oxalate plasma level to 5.3 mumol/l. The apparent distribution volumes, expressed as percentage of body weight, ranged from 30 to 47% (mean 35). The mean biological half-life of 14C oxalate was 2.7 hours in the subjects with normal renal function and increased with impairment of renal function. The recovery of 14C in the urine ranged from 87 to 112% (mean 101); all 14C activity was recovered as oxalate. PMID- 7211494 TI - Glomerulonephritis in infections with Yersinia enterocolitica O-serotype 3. I. Evidence for glomerular involvement in acute cases of yersiniosis. AB - Signs of damage to the glomerular basement membrane appearing as haematuria and proteinuria have been observed in 16 cases of proven acute yersiniosis. The infecting agent was Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 in all. In a few cases a transient deterioration of the renal function was observed. The renal symptoms were not related to the acute febrile state, but seemed to appear about 14 days after the onset of yersiniosis and to be reversible in the observation period. Infection with other microorganisms known as nephritogenic was not found in spite of attempts to do so. Kidney biopsy was performed in one case and immunofluorescence microscopy showed deposits of immunoreactants. Based on these observations we suggest that acute glomerulonephritis can be included in the spectrum of complications of infection with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3. The frequency of complicating glomerulonephritis in yersiniosis could not be estimated from this study. PMID- 7211495 TI - The fine structure of nerve fibres in the hard palate of the Wistar albino rat. AB - The course of the nerve fibres and their nerve endings in the papillae on top of the intermolar rugae of rat's hard palate were studied by light- and electron microscopy. Small myelinated and unmyelinated fibre bundles pass through the connective tissue of the basal region of the papilla, and split up in the intermediate region into solitary nerve fibres. In the top region only unmyelinated fibres were found. These fibres took the form of either lanceolate or free nerve endings. Some nerve endings made contact with the basement membrane of the epithelium. Occasionally free nerve endings were found between epithelial cells. The relationship of the unmyelinated fibres in the top of the papilla to the nerve fibres in the basal and intermediate regions was studied. PMID- 7211496 TI - On the distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the medulla oblongata of hedgehog (Paraechinus micropus). AB - The paper deals with the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (CHO-A) in the various nuclei, tracts and fibrous bundles of the medulla oblongata of hedgehog. The main highlights of the study are: 1. The cranial nerve nuclei such as nucleus n. hypoglossi, nucleus dorsalis n. vagi, nucleus tractus spinalis n. trigemini, nucleus n. facialis, nucleus abducentis and nucleus ambiguus demonstrate strong activity of the enzyme irrespective of their motor or sensory nature. 2. The nucleus vestibularis medialis, nucleus vestibularis lateralis and nucleus cochlearis dorsalis exhibit activity of high order, which indicates that the auditory system in the animal is quite active. 3. All the reticular nuclei demonstrate positive activity in neurons only, whereas the neuropil is completely free from enzymatic activity. 4. The fibers, tracts and blood vessels are completely free from enzymatic activity. The functional significance of CHO-A has been discussed in relation to its localization in different nuclei, tracts and fibrous bundles. PMID- 7211497 TI - Histological and histoenzymological studies on the medulla oblongata and pons of hedgehog (Paraechinus micropus). AB - A comparative study of the acid and alkaline phosphatases within the medulla oblongata and pons of the hedgehog revealed the following facts: 1. All the cellular elements are positive for acid phosphatase, irrespective of their sensory or motor nature, and the large neurons of all the nuclei are more strongly positive than the small cells. Furthermore, the nuclei which contain a dense population of neurons, appear to be more strongly positive than areas containing scattered neurons. 2. Alkaline phosphatase preparations show a strong activity in the walls of blood capillaries of all the nuclei of the medulla oblongata and pons. Reaction of this enzyme in the neuropil varies from strong (NNH, NPH, VSP, VM, VS, VL, OLS, NI, NRM), over moderate (reticular nuclei, NS, TSN), mild (NA, NRL) to absent (AP). A few nuclei such as OLS, NT, VM, VL, VS, NPH, and NI also show activity in neurons, which appears to be localized at the periphery of the cells only. The significance of the distribution of these enzymes at the various locales are discussed from a functional point of view. PMID- 7211498 TI - A peculiar variation of the musculature of the front of the forearm. AB - On the front of the right forearm of an adult male individual a hitherto undescribed supernumerary muscle was observed. This fusiform muscle originated from the lateral aspect of the coronoid process of the ulna and the lateral margin of the radius, distal to the attachment of the supinator muscle, and inserted - through the intermediary of an aponeurotic structure enveloping the synovial sheaths of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles as well as of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus muscles - to the pisiform bone, the pisohamate ligament and the tubercles of the trapezium and the scaphoid bone. It is argued that the muscle belongs to the group of the deep flexor muscles. PMID- 7211499 TI - The embryonic development of the main lymphatics in man. AB - A study of microscopical serial sections of 40 well-preserved human embryos, ranging in age from about 40 to 65 days (8-33 mm C.-R. length), revealed that the prevertebral main lymphatics develop from a number of separate primordia, all derived from venous walls. These primordia are: paired jugular and axillary lymph sacs and paratracheal, internal throacic, lumbar and iliac lymph plexuses, and single subtracheal and mesenteric lymph plexuses. Probably, the thoracic ducts develop from a series of small additional primordia. All these primordia, except the jugulo-axillary lymph sacs, lose their connections with the veins. They rapidly enlarge, fuse with one another and send out sprouts into peripheral regions, so that soon the definitive pattern of the major lymphatics can be recognized. During development some variations may occur, in particular in the area where the lower extensions of the two throacic ducts meet the lumbar lymph plexuses. Usually, the right thoracic duct primarily comes into contact with the jugulo-axillary lymph sac. The conclusion is drawn that on an embryological basis in the prevertebral region additional lymphatico-venous communications might be expected, but that possible lymphatico-venous communications elsewhere in the body always point to developmental aberrations or to pathology. PMID- 7211500 TI - Ventriculo-subgaleal shunt: evaluation by computed tomography. AB - Ventriculo-subgaleal shunting was used for temporary decompression of hypertensive hydrocephalus. Pre- and post-shunt computed tomography was utilized in five cases as a method for detecting complications and determining shunt function. A clear-cut clinical improvement and stabilization followed the subgaleal diversion, but nevertheless usually only a mild decrease in ventricular size was demonstrated after shunting. PMID- 7211501 TI - Primary plasmocytomas of the cranial vault. AB - Primary intracranial plasmocytomas are rare in neurosurgical practice. The accessible literature indicates that they fall into two groups: 1. Extramedullary plasmocytoma originating from the dura and 2. Plasmocytoma originating from the cranial vault. Four patients with primary lesions of the cranial vault were surgically treated and common characteristic clinical and radiological features discussed. Although the immediate outcome of treatment was excellent in all cases, the dissemination of disease occurred in two patients within the period of one year. It is therefore essential that the patients with so called solitary cranial plasmacytoma were rescreened for systemic myelomatosis at regular intervals. PMID- 7211502 TI - Aspergilloma of the frontal lobe. PMID- 7211503 TI - Benign mixed glial-mesenchymal tumour ("glio-fibroma") of the spinal cord. PMID- 7211504 TI - Coagulation in neurosurgery. PMID- 7211505 TI - Suction in neurosurgery. PMID- 7211506 TI - Operating table, microscope, operating light. PMID- 7211507 TI - Air conditioning systems. AB - There are some basic requirements for air conditioning systems in operating theatres. 1. Obviously the regulation of temperature and humidity is necessary, but cleaning of fresh air and circulating air is much more important. 2. Concerning cleaning, a high standard of filtration of air is demanded to avoid contamination of wounds. 3. So far only HEPA-filters, a technical description, give security and safety. They filter particles down to under 1 micrometer and have a filtration rate of more than 99.9%. 4. The ventilation rate is directly related to the germ concentration in the air. The higher the ventilation rate the cleaner the air during working. 5. To avoid turbulences unidirectional or uniform flow is necessary. This technique has become popular as the laminar flow technique. To get such a flow an air flow velocity of 0 45 +/- 0.1 m/s is necessary. 6. The arrangement of the different working places in an operating theatre is very important. Instrument tables and the operation field itself have to be in the zone of first air. 7. One of the commonest germ dispersion sources is the human body. Proper dressing and behaviour have to be observed. The airflow behind a person (in laminar cross flow) or under a person (in laminar down flow for instance when the neurosurgeon bends his head over the operating field) has to be regarded as contaminated. 8. Hygienic controls must be made in the operation theatre when unused and also under working conditions, in a sophisticated manner. If all these points are respected a real clean room technique is possible with considerable lowering of the risk of infection for the patient. Obviously all the other rules of hygiene, i.e., asepsis and antisepsis, elaborated since the days of Lister, have to be strictly respected. PMID- 7211508 TI - Correlation between CT findings and subsequent development of cerebral infarction due to vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage. AB - We have studied the correlations between computed tomograms (CT), clinical severity at the time of onset, and subsequent development of cerebral infarction due to vasospasm in 32 cases with subarachnoid haemorrhage secondary to rupture of cerebral aneurysms. It was found that the clinical severity could be judged by CT as shown by the amount of blood in subarachnoid space. Furthermore, it was possible to predict the subsequent occurrence of cerebral infarction by sequential findings of CT. A Hounsfield number of the high density area over 60 showed good correlation with the development of cerebral infarction. PMID- 7211509 TI - Neurophysiological effects of experimental intracranial hypertension on three different structures of the brain stem in the cat. Rostrocaudal deterioration. AB - Modifications if multi-unit activity are analyzed during experimental intracranial hypertension in the cat at three levels of the brain stem red nucleus (NR), nucleus giganto-cellularis (Gc), and lateral geniculate body (GO). An initial increase of activity is observed in NR and Gc, which is followed by a fall of activity. This fall is sooner and more important for the rostral structures than for the caudal ones. In GO, activity decreases as soon as intracranial hypertension starts. These results are similar to those already recorded in the mesencephalic and bulbar reticular formation. They are discussed on the basis of monoamine levels and local CBF variations studied in the brain stem, following the same protocol. The higher sensitivity of rostral brain stem structures to intracranial hypertension is correlated to the clinical concept of rostro-caudal deterioration. PMID- 7211510 TI - Chronic adult hydrocephalus due to uncommon causes. AB - The authors report on four unusual cases of chronic adult hydrocephalus extracted from a large personal series of patients with hydrocephalic dementia. A syndrome resembling that of normal pressure hydrocephalus was due to the following aetiologies in these patients: Paget's disease of the skull, unruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformation, colloid cyst of the third ventricle, and cerebromeningeal cysticercosis. All these patients exhibited disturbances in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics at the time of study, and were considerably improved by CSF shunting. The value of the continuous CSF pressure monitoring and the constant infusion test in selecting patients with chronic hydrocephalus for shunt therapy is emphasized. PMID- 7211512 TI - Biochemical evidence of dopaminergic involvement in Fahr's syndrome. PMID- 7211511 TI - Disturbances of draining due to secondary upward kinking of the cardiac catheter in ventriculo-auricular shunting in adults (anatomical, physical, and pathophysiological remarks). PMID- 7211513 TI - Considerations on the EEG in Bardet-Biedl's syndrome. 3 cases with a study of one patient's family. PMID- 7211514 TI - Pattern visual evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7211516 TI - Electroretinography (ERG) as a tool of investigation in human psychopharmacology. Electroretinographic changes induced by a combination of carbi-dopa and levo dopa. PMID- 7211515 TI - Quantitative EMG and EEG findings in patients exposed to chronic intoxication from industrial adhesives (1). PMID- 7211517 TI - Basal rubidium blood levels in psychiatric patients and normal controls. PMID- 7211518 TI - Spatial and color cues in a route-learning task. PMID- 7211519 TI - [Sezary syndrome]. PMID- 7211520 TI - [Hand-Schuller-Christian disease in an adult with diabetes insipidus at onset]. PMID- 7211521 TI - [Palisade granuloma]. PMID- 7211522 TI - [Prospective differentiation of organoid nevus]. PMID- 7211523 TI - [Epidemiologic study of contagious syphilis at the Dispensario Dermatologico de Zaragosa. 1975-8]. PMID- 7211528 TI - Isolating the effects of ethnicity on drinking behavior: a multiple classification analysis of barroom attendance. PMID- 7211524 TI - [Contact dermatitis from copper contained in intrauterine devices]. PMID- 7211526 TI - Effects of clean, drug relevant, and drug word stimuli upon verbal associations to stages of addiction and steps in drug-taking. PMID- 7211525 TI - Learning to drink: adolescents and alcohol. PMID- 7211527 TI - Peer modeling influences on smoking behavior of heavy and light smokers. PMID- 7211529 TI - Alcoholic beverages and their placebos: an empirical evaluation of expectancies. PMID- 7211530 TI - Compliance behavior in a hospital setting: employee and patients' reactions to no smoking signs. PMID- 7211531 TI - Reducing drug use among methadone maintenance clients: contingent reinforcement for morphine-free urines. PMID- 7211532 TI - Age and addiction to smoking. PMID- 7211534 TI - Aerobic exercise and weight. PMID- 7211533 TI - Alcoholics Anonymous: an empirical outcome study. PMID- 7211535 TI - Coffee drinking and cigarette smoking: I. Coffee, caffeine and cigarette smoking behavior. PMID- 7211536 TI - Coffee drinking and cigarette smoking: II. Coffee, urinary pH and cigarette smoking behavior. PMID- 7211537 TI - Use of a sex rap group in an adolescent medical clinic. AB - This paper reports on a five-year experience with an open-ended weekly group in an Adolescent Medical Clinical. An interdisciplinary staff leading this group includes a counselor trained in sex education, a nurse, a pediatrician and a psychiatrist. The object of the group is to offer an opportunity to adolescent boys and girls to focus on diverse problems of concern to them in an atmosphere of support and sharing. The initial focus is on sexual issues and leads to family planning, but more importantly, there is a general focus on the constructive organization of their life and on investigation of the growth of personal relationships. This teen group gives staff a medium for understanding clinical problems which concern adolescents, while the adolescents are supported in gaining understanding of themselves. In this process there is a development of trust in the clinic as a whole, with better utilization of the entire Adolescent Program. PMID- 7211538 TI - A court-mandated workshop for adolescent children of divorcing parents: a program evaluation. AB - This article provides a description and an empirical evaluation of a predivorce workshop established by the Family Court of Allen County, Indiana, for adolescent children (N = 48) of divorcing parents. Highlighted are the concerns of the adolescents, the approaches taken by the workshop staff, and the impact of the program on the participants. Viewpoints on the clinical, ethical, and legal issues involved in "required" predivorce counseling for adolescents are presented. The preventive nature of the program, its means of transforming initial resentment toward the workshop experience into positive feelings, and the implications for future practice and research are also discussed. PMID- 7211539 TI - School refusal in adolescence: understanding the symptom. PMID- 7211541 TI - A residential camp experience as an approach to adolescent weight management. AB - A five day weight management camp for adolescents is described. Three components of weight management comprise of the camp's educational basis: 1) Nutrition Education, 2) Behavior Modeling, and 3) Physical Activity. Program planning and organizational methods are described. Thirty-five teenagers, age 13-17, attended the program. The mean weight loss for camp participants, measured at six months after camp, was 3.3 pounds. Triceps skinfold measurements showed an average decrease of 3.6mm after three months. The Wahler Self-Description Inventory was administered to measure favorable and unfavorable attributes through a self evaluation process. Results showed a steady and continuous increase in favorable scores through the course of the camp and at the time of follow-up. Unfavorable scores were high prior to camp, followed by a sudden drop in unfavorable scores after the week of supportive therapy, followed by a leaving off effect of the 3 month follow-up session. A program evaluation by camp participants revealed that the residential camp environment was a useful approach to adolescent weight management therapy. PMID- 7211540 TI - An examination of the relationship between peer and parental influences and adolescent drug use. AB - The influence of six measures of peer and parental relationships on adolescent drug use are examined. Questionnaires were administered to a random sample of 600 public high school students in the Atlanta, Georgia area. The results indicated that parental relationships were critical in influencing drug use while per relationships seemed not to effect drug use. PMID- 7211542 TI - Weight loss among teenage girls: an adolescent crisis. AB - This paper is based on the writer's clinical practice with obese adolescent girls. It addresses theoretical aspects of obesity in young girls, presents three cases and then points to selected treatment implications. PMID- 7211543 TI - The impact of the peer culture in the residential treatment of youth. AB - In most residential treatment centers (RTC's), the prevailing practice is to place about 15 emotionally disturbed and/or delinquent youth together in a group living unit. Typically, two daytime child care counselors supervise each living unit. In this type of group living environment, youngsters inevitably have much more social interaction with each other than with adults. What effect does this extended exposure to a large number of socially deviant peers have on a child? Is the RTC peer culture predominantly prosocial or anti-social? What can staff do to minimize or augment the social influence of the peer group? These are some of the questions that will be addressed in this article. PMID- 7211544 TI - Father psychological absence and heterosexual behavior, personal adjustment and sex-typing in adolescent girls. AB - Until recently, research efforts have neglected the father as a significant influence on female personality development. This study proposed that the psychological absence of the father is related to a greater frequency and extent of heterosexual behaviors, increased anxiety as a personality trait and increased anxiety in a dating situation. A positive psychological presence of the father was hypothesized to correlate with androgyny in adolescent females. Measures of perceived parental behavior, extent and frequency of heterosexual behaviors, manifest anxiety and sex-role identification were obtained from 160 single female college students. Results indicated a significant relationship between father psychological absence and a greater extent and frequency of heterosexual behaviors. Father psychologically absent girls also exhibited greater manifest anxiety as a personality trait and in a dating situation. Significant correlations between androgyny and a positive father-daughter relationship were not found. Also reported were additional findings relating several variables to self-rating of attractiveness. PMID- 7211545 TI - Development of Likert Scale to measure salience of need for interpersonal relationships with parents and friends. PMID- 7211546 TI - A cognitive perspective applied to emancipation problems. AB - A cognitive theoretical perspective toward emotional distress and behavior disorders is described and then applied to developing both a classification of emancipation problems and a plan for intervention. Problems described include over-dependency, vacillation about dependency, and resistance to authority. The plan for intervention minimizes complications that a vigorously confrontive method often intensifies with adolescents. Instead, it entails accurate reflection of cognitions and thereby capitalizes on anti-expectation. PMID- 7211547 TI - The family perceptions of delinquents, high school students, and freshman college students. AB - The family perceptions of 46 delinquents, 52 high school students, and 46 freshman college students were measured through the use of a shortened version of the Family Concept Test. Each subject's perceptions of his or her level of rebelliousness toward parents, parental marital relations, and parental discipline were also measured. Results showed that the delinquents had more negative family perceptions as compared to the high school and college students. However, subjects in all three groups who perceived themselves as rebellious had similar negative family perceptions. Delinquents and college students, but not high school students, had similar negative family perceptions when they viewed their parents' marriage as unhappy. These data show that delinquents and nondelinquents tend to have similar negative family perceptions when they perceive themselves as rebellious and their parents as unhappy. PMID- 7211549 TI - Body type, personality temperament, and psychotherapeutic treatment of male adolescents. PMID- 7211548 TI - Adolescent inpatient treatment: a literature review. AB - This review summarizes many of the major issues and findings appearing over the last 40 years in the descriptive, theoretical, and experimental literature about adolescent inpatient treatment. The discussion of program design emphasizes the milieu, psychotherapy modalities, and the mixed vs all-adolescent ward controversy. Treatment theory proposes corrective relationships, internalization of external controls and structure, and conflict resolution as the dynamic agents for therapeutic change. There are disputes about whether short or long hospital stays are optimal for these agents to do their work. Despite methodological problems, follow-up research supports the effectiveness of inpatient care for adolescents. Some suggestions are made for improving the understanding of the patient characteristics and treatment ingredients relevant to positive outcome through more comprehensive research questions and collaborative work. PMID- 7211550 TI - Neurosecretion and brain peptides. Implications for brain functions and neurological disease. PMID- 7211551 TI - Chemical differentiation of sympathetic neurons. PMID- 7211552 TI - Naloxone reverses the pathophysiology of shock through an antagonism of endorphin systems. PMID- 7211553 TI - A role for endorphins in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury. AB - These studies have demonstrated that the opiate-antagonist naloxone improves blood pressure and functional neurologic recovery after spinal injury. From these findings we suggest that endorphins are released in response to spinal injury and contribute to the hypotension and to the ultimate neurologic deficit. Naloxone's ability to reverse the presumed endorphin-mediated hypotension in this model supports the hypothesis that its therapeutic effects may be secondary to its improvement of spinal cord blood flow, thereby reducing the ischemic damage caused by spinal cord trauma. PMID- 7211555 TI - Clinical and laboratory profile information in the prediction of death in elderly patients. AB - A study of prognosis over the first six weeks following admission to a department of geriatric medicine compared the predictive value of a clinical assessment at admission with other more objective parameters such as profile investigations, mental test score and assessment of dehydration and constitutional upset. A total of 739 patients were studied prospectively. The clinical assessment proved to be by far the strongest predictor of six-week mortality. In men the prediction it gave was not improved significantly by addition of the other factors. In women serum albumin, blood urea and assessment of constitutional upset added significantly to the prediction, thought the overall improvement in classification was small and mental test score made a borderline contribution only. PMID- 7211554 TI - Effect of dietary zinc deficiency on lymphocyte function in the mouse. PMID- 7211556 TI - Thermography as a predictor of sacral pressure sores. AB - Ninety-one patients admitted to a geriatric unit with apparently undamaged sacral skin were examined by thermography. Nineteen per cent showed a thermal pattern consistent with occult skin damage, and 35% of these developed an overt pressure sore at the thermographically abnormal site within 10 days of admission. None of the remaining patients developed a sore within this time. Thermography can provide a more precise indication of the risk of early development of a sacral pressure sore than the Norton score. PMID- 7211557 TI - Changes in skinfold thickness with increasing age. AB - Skinfold thickness measurements on 626 normal subjects of both sexes between the ages of 5 months and 73 years demonstrated a tri-phasic relationship between loss of skin thickness and age. Measurements for infants of either sex were indistinguishable and high, falling rapidly to levels which only changed slightly over the period 20-60 years. Thereafter, massive loss of skin-thickness occurred in both sexes. Throughout the major portion of adult life the values obtained for females were significantly lower than those for males. It is suggested that the three phases may be associated with progressive dehydration, failure to synthesize collagen and frank degradation of the collagen of the dermis. PMID- 7211558 TI - Aneuploidy in cultured human lymphocytes: II. A comparison between senescence and dementia. AB - A study has been made of aneuploidy in the cultured lymphocytes of senile dements (46 females and 8 males), arteriosclerotic dements (10 females and 8 males) and normal geriatric controls (55 females and 18 males). Contrary to previous reports of senile dements having a higher degree of hypodiploidy (chromosome loss) than age-matched controls, there were no significant differences between any of the diagnostic groups. The association between individual subjects' age and hypodiploidy is positive, though not significant, with a high degree of individual variation. The reasons for the discrepancies between this and previous studies are discussed as are possible future lines of research in this field. PMID- 7211559 TI - Survivorship and senile dementia. AB - It has been suggested that those having senile dementia are now living longer. To re-examine this suggestion a study was undertaken of those with senile dementia who had died in a home for the aged during a 10-year period. The results suggested that no change in survivorship was occurring. In general, 50% were dead after two years and 70% after four years. Sex, age on admission and year of admission had no bearing on the findings. Any comparison of survivorship for senile dementia between different periods of time and countries should be carefully qualified. PMID- 7211560 TI - The comparative effectiveness of three versions of 'classroom' reality orientation. AB - The effectiveness was compared of 'Classroom' Reality Orientation presented (1) once daily, in groups; (2) twice daily, in groups; and (3) once daily, individually. On a questionnaire measure of orientation all three versions produced significantly greater improvement than that found in an untreated control group, but did not differ in their relative effectiveness. Similarly, the three versions did not differ in their effectiveness when used with patients of varying degrees of deterioration. PMID- 7211561 TI - Effectiveness of once daily oral iron in the elderly. AB - The response to once daily oral iron was measured in 12 elderly patients with iron-deficiency anaemia over a six-week period. The average haemoglobin response over six weeks was comparable to the results in younger age groups. We concluded that a once daily iron tablet containing 105 mg of elemental iron is as effective as conventional treatment with multiple doses. The increased cost of a once daily tablet should be balanced by the benefits of improvement in drug compliance. PMID- 7211562 TI - Thyroid disease in the elderly in the community. AB - In a clinical and biochemical study of 559 subjects over the age of 65 years living in the community, in residential homes and in hospital, seven patients with thyroid disease were found. This gave a prevalence rate of 0.94% of hypothyroidism and 0.47% of hyperthyroidism in people aged 80 years or more. Five of these seven subjects were suspected clinically of having thyroid disease. Therefore routine biochemical screening does not appear to be justified. Within each of the age strata there was no significant change in serum thyroxine with age. Women had significantly higher serum thyroxine levels than men, in the group aged 75 years or more. PMID- 7211563 TI - Factors related to sexual intercourse frequency in a group of French pre retirement managers. AB - A group of 175 managerial Parisian males, 63 or 64 years old, still working full time were questioned about their sexual activity during a standardized medical examination. Twenty subjects in this group were impotent (ISs), the others, sexually potent (PSs), had had intercourse at least once during the course of the year. Distribution of PSs according to yearly frequency of sexual intercourse (YFSI) fits well with a log-normal distribution. Twenty-two factors assessing psychosocial variables, personality traits and measures of the state of health were studied. Stepwise procedures were used to select sequentially first the variables which best differentiate PSs from ISs, second the variables which best allow us to predict the YFSI among PSs. In our sample of elderly men, sexual potency and also YFSI are closely linked to age at the first intercourse and to certain personality traits. The state of health does not differentiate ISs from PSs, but is significantly linked to YFSI among PSs. PMID- 7211565 TI - Comment: 'Section 47'. AB - The use of the powers of compulsory removal contained in Section 47 of the 1948 National Assistance Act is reviewed. It is concluded that the powers are not seriously abused but that there is a need for their amendment. It is argued that any amendment should take the role of the consultant in geriatric medicine into consideration as the role of Medical officer of Health in whom these powers were vested has changed greatly since 1948. PMID- 7211564 TI - Day/night communication in a geriatric hospital. PMID- 7211567 TI - Death and discharge from a geriatric department. AB - Discharge and death of in-patients has been studied by life-table analyses of outcome of over 2000 admissions to a department of geriatric medicine. Mortality risk is shown to be greater for men and in those who are older, had constitutional upset, dehydration or a low mental test score and who were admitted without a wait. Men who lived alone or were previously inactive and women who had had a previous admission to the department were found to have a lower risk of death. The prospects of discharge are equal in men and women but are less for those who are older, have low mental test scores, were previously inactive, waited for admission or were admitted from an institution. Women with dehydration or a previous admission to the department are also less likely to be discharged. PMID- 7211566 TI - An orientation scale for geriatric patients. AB - An assessment scale consisting of 10 questions was constructed from an initial 20 questions. The scale encompassed orientation to time, place and person and was intended for geriatric patients and patients suffering from psychogeriatric disorders who had been institutionalized for at least 14 days. The reliability according to the Kuder-Richardson formula number KR20 was 0.83 and the test retest reliability was 0.84. The scale differentiated between patients with senile dementia and/or cerebral arteriosclerosis and patients without such disorders. PMID- 7211568 TI - The influence of route of admission on outcome in the geriatric patient. AB - Differences in the rates of discharge and death and length of stay are examined for 2433 elderly patients admitted to a geriatric department by different routes. Highly significant differences are found which persist even when full allowance is made for variations in age, sex, mental test score, domicile, number of admissions, wait for admission, dehydration and constitutional upset. However, if an estimate of length of stay are no longer significant. This suggests that the residual effects of route of admission even when the other factors were allowed for may be due to diagnostic differences. PMID- 7211569 TI - The use of impedance cardiography in the young and elderly during postural stress. AB - Impedance cardiography was used to measure postural changes of the indices of stroke volume and cardiac output in 20 elderly and 18 young subjects of either sex. In both the young and elderly subjects the reproducibility of the technique was high. All young subjects showed a fall in the index of cardiac output and increase in peripheral resistance when subjected to a 60 degree head-up tilt, but some elderly subjects showed either no change or an increase in cardiac output and fall in peripheral resistance on tilting. It is suggested that these abnormalities were the result of either an impaired autonomic nervous system or an increased peripheral arterial rigidity. PMID- 7211570 TI - Folate status and its relation to vitamin C in healthy elderly men and women. AB - Plasma and red-cell folate levels and dietary folate intake were monitored for about six months, including two months during which supplementary vitamin C was given, in 21 healthy elderly men and women living at home in the north of England. Although biochemical values were consistently low in some subjects, no clinical folate deficiency was detected. Dietary folate intake was significantly correlated with red-cell folate, but not with plasma folate. Before vitamin C supplementation, folate intake was significantly correlated with vitamin C intake, and plasma, but not red-cell, folate was significantly related to plasma and buffy-coat vitamin C levels. During the period of vitamin C supplementation, no significant changes in plasma or red-cell folate levels were detected, even in subjects who had low initial levels of circulating vitamin C. PMID- 7211571 TI - Hepatosplenomegaly as a manifestation of quinidine hypersensitivity. AB - A 75 year-old man developed fever after one month of quinidine administration 800 mg/day. Significant enlargement of the liver and spleen became evident, associated with marked rise in serum GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase. Arthritis also developed, but there was no skin rash nor any changes in the haemoglobin, leucocytes or platelets. The signs and biochemical findings regressed within a few days of stopping quinidine and the temperature became normal. Rechallenge with four doses of the drug produced a rise in the GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase. It is thought that this hypersensitivity response is consistent with the description of granulomatous hepatitis, and represents a much less common manifestation of quinidine hypersensitivity than the well known skin, gastro intestinal and haematological side-effects. PMID- 7211572 TI - Perforation of the peptic ulceration in the elderly. AB - A retrospective survey of elderly patients admitted with perforation of a duodenal ulcer showed that some presented with typical symptoms and signs of a perforation, while others presented as a gastro-intestinal bleed or with confusion or malaise. Diagnosis tended to be delayed in the latter group and mortality was higher. Earlier diagnosis may be helped by taking a chest radiograph or lateral decubitus films of the abdomen with a repeat film in a few hours if the diagnosis is still being considered. PMID- 7211573 TI - Maintenance salbutamol in chronic bronchitis in the elderly. PMID- 7211575 TI - Effects of 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine (PEA) on the isolated guinea-pig heart. AB - The effect of 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine (PEA) on the rate and force of contraction of cardiac tissues from untreated and reserpine-pretreated guinea-pigs was examined. PEA produced changes in rate of spontaneously beating right atria without activation of H1 or H2-receptors. The positive chronotropic effect of PEA was eliminated when atria from reserpine-pretreated animals were used, indicating an entirely indirect mode of action of PEA in the right atrium. The positive inotropic effect of low doses of PEA in left atria was antagonized by promethazine, whereas the inotropic effect of higher doses of PEA was reduced either by propranolol or following reserpine pretreatment. In the right ventricle strip, the inotropic effect of high doses of PEA was blocked equally by propranolol and promethazine. The results obtained indicate that in the guinea pig heart, PEA either produces it effects through catecholamine release (right atrium) or through a combination of both H1-receptor stimulation and catecholamine release (left atrium and right ventricle strip). The direct inotropic effects of PEA produced only small increases in force of contraction. The study indicates that caution should be used in ascribing all of the effects of PEA to histamine receptor stimulation. PMID- 7211574 TI - The effects of indoramin on histamine and antigen-induced changes in respiration in guinea-pigs. AB - Indoramin, a drug which blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine and serotonin receptors, was tested as a protective agent during challenge with bronchoconstrictor agents in guinea-pigs. In conscious guinea-pigs, the time of onset of respiratory distress during continuous administration of aerosolized solutions of histamine, serotonin or ovalbumin (with animals pre-sensitized to this antigen) was measured using a force-displacement transducer applied to the animal's back. This time interval for each guinea-pig was compared with and without indoramin pre-treatment. Indoramin was administered by intraperitoneal injection or by aerosol treatment. In anaesthetized animals under artificial respiration respiratory distress was induced by intravenous injection of histamine and measured by the Konzett-Rossler technique. Indoramin treatment significantly protected guinea-pigs in both types of experiment from the effects of each challenging agent. PMID- 7211576 TI - Impaired red cell deformability in established adjuvant arthritic disease in rats. AB - Deformability and fragility of red blood cells (RBC) of established arthritic rats were measured by a filtration technique. They showed a significantly decreased deformability and, accordingly, a considerably increased fragility to micro heat stimulation, induced by laser irradiation. Subacute treatment of arthritic rats with aspirin and indomethacin had no effect on RBC behaviour whereas hydrocortisone restored the deformability of RBC almost to normal. Treatment of RBC of arthritic rats with neuraminidase caused the deformability of the cells to be restored to a supranormal level. PMID- 7211577 TI - Calcium oxalate crystal-induced cytolysis in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and erythrocytes. AB - Calcium oxalate microcrystals induce cytolysis of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) and hemolysis of human erythrocytes. The effects on erythrocytes can be distinguished from those on PMN's because cytolysis of the latter is suppressed by substances such as cytochalasin A and N-naphthyl maleimide, known phagocytosis inhibitors. Polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide, a powerful hydrogen acceptor, has no protective effect. Cell injury of PMN's and erythrocytes is potentiated in the presence of cations, whereas poly-D-glutamic acid and other negatively charged compounds have an opposite effect. The results suggest that positive charges on the crystals play an essential role in calcium oxalate-induced cytolysis of PMN's and erythrocytes. PMID- 7211578 TI - Bio-distribution in rats of some salicylates with low gastric ulcerogenicity. AB - The distribution of three radioactively labelled salicylate derivatives with low ulcerogenic activity was compared with that of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid using whole body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting techniques in rats. The methyl ester of ASA (AME) was distributed in vivo very similarly to that observed with ASA and salicylic acid. AME is rapidly demethylated following absorption from the stomach and is subsequently converted to ASA and salicylate. Salicylate is the main metabolite produced from both AME and ASA, which specifically accumulates in inflamed tissues. The 3-methyl- and 6 methyl-substituted salicylic acids are not as rapidly absorbed as either ASA or salicylic acid and do not pass readily into the brain or bone marrow. These results show that the methyl (ester) group of AME (which adequately protects the gastric mucosa from damage caused by ASA itself) does not impair the quantity of pharmacologically active form of drug (salicylate and ASA) generated in vivo. However, insertion of the methyl group at the 3- and 6-position of salicylic acid markedly affects both absorption, distribution and pharmaco-activity of these acids. PMID- 7211579 TI - Total serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels following administration of copper aspirinate to rats and guinea-pigs. AB - Total serum copper and ceruloplasmin oxidase activities have been measured over a 24-h period in rats and guinea-pigs treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of copper (II) aspirinate. In the rat, administration s.c. produced higher total serum copper levels than oral administration at all time intervals studied, whereas in the guinea-pig, oral administration produced the higher level after 1 h and s.c. administration the higher level after 5 h. In both species, the rate of elimination of the additional copper was faster following oral administration. Ceruloplasmin oxidase activity appeared to be inhibited in certain cases but rose in all cases except for orally treated rats after 24 h. The initial rise in serum copper was due mainly to copper present on albumin. The increased albumin copper was detected directly by electrophoresis of serum samples and subsequent determination of the copper level in the portions of the strip which contained proteins. After s.c. administration to the rat, the amount of ultrafilterable copper was raised by a detectable amount. 7 h after s.c. or oral administration of copper aspirinate, the thiol concentration of the serum was reduced in both rats and guinea-pigs. The relationship of these levels to the anti-inflammatory action of copper (II) aspirinate in rats and guinea-pigs is discussed. PMID- 7211580 TI - [Physiological study of the eye as studied by oral fluorescein. I. Oral administration of fluorescein and its pharmacokinetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211581 TI - [Clinical studies of exfoliation syndrome. 4. Comparison of visual field changes between glaucoma capsulare and primary open-angle glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211582 TI - ["After-image perimeter (Awaya)" and its clinical application. I. Assessment of visual field in hemianopsia and quadrantanopsia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211583 TI - [Study on the coefficient of the area in determination of the visual field. Part 1. Its optical theory (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211584 TI - [Rod outer segment shedding and phagocytosis in the developing rat retina. Effect of the continuous light (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211585 TI - [Regional distribution of lysosomal enzymes in human ocular fundus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211586 TI - [Study on the pathogenesis of gyrate atrophy. Part 1. Ornithine ketoacid transaminase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211587 TI - [Effects of protease inhibitors and anti-inflammatory drugs on acid autolysis of bovine ocular tissues (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211588 TI - [A study on the retinochoroidal circulation in hypertension. Report 2. Ultrastructural alteration and functional damage of the retinal pigment epithelium in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211589 TI - [Disruption and repair of blood-retinal barrier at the retinal pigment epithelium after experimentally produced choroidal circulatory disturbance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211590 TI - [Studies on disturbances in the blood-retinal barrier. 1. A trial to measure the fluorescein concentration in the vitreous (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211591 TI - [Electron microscopic study on melanogenesis in the retinal pigment epithelial cells of the human embryos (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211592 TI - [The morphological changes of the retinal pigment epithelial cells and the wandering cells in retinoblastoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211593 TI - [Subcutaneous transplantation of retinoblastoma into athymic nude mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211594 TI - [Monoaminergic neurons of monkey retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211595 TI - [Experimental and morphological study of the noradrenaline neuron system in the visual cortex and dorsal lateral geniculate body of rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211596 TI - [Experimental study on the retinal tear. 3. Transmission electron microscopic observation of glial cells following xenon are photocoagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211597 TI - [Studies on the effect of pan-photocoagulation on the retinal function. Report 2. Clinical and experimental studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211599 TI - [The evolutional process of retinal branch vein occlusion: clinical significance of focal dye leakage from the vein at the site of occlusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211598 TI - [Efficacy of photocoagulation in the treatment of occlusion of a branch of the central retinal vein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211601 TI - [Enzymatic study on diabetic microangiopathy in diabetic albino rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211600 TI - [Studies on dark adaptation in diabetics (1) with special reference to the extent of retinal avascular area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211602 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy and thrombosis: an experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211603 TI - [A light microscopic study of steroid induced retinopathy in rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211604 TI - [Diagnosis of elevated macular lesions with the slit-lamp microscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211605 TI - [Studies of subretinal fluid III. Correlation of retinal pigment epithelial cells and macrophages in experimental retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211606 TI - [Effect of infrared rays to the rabbit retina. Part 4. Correlation between the retinal temperature and choroidal circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211607 TI - [Electron microscopic study on choriocapillary endothelial cell (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211608 TI - [Morphometric study of fenestrations of choriocapillaris (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211611 TI - [Indication for reoperation for internal fistula following pyelotomy for stones. Discussion and follow-up of a case treated endoscopically]. PMID- 7211609 TI - [Experimental studies of the choroidal microcirculation. I. Physiology of the choroidal microcirculation of the rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211610 TI - [Experimental rabbit corneal infection caused by Erwinia herbicola. II. The variation of the agglutination titer and number of peripheral lymphocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7211612 TI - [Reoperation in recurrent ureteral calculi]. PMID- 7211613 TI - [Therapeutic approach to recurrent lithiasis]. PMID- 7211614 TI - [Complications of ureterotomy: retroperitoneal urinoma]. PMID- 7211615 TI - [Urinary retention following adenomectomy. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7211616 TI - Thirteen cases of cutaneous transureteroureterostomy. PMID- 7211617 TI - [Reoperation for stenosis of the pyelo-ureteral junction on a single kidney]. PMID- 7211618 TI - [Treatment of hypospadias: 80 cases]. PMID- 7211620 TI - Congenital vesico-umbilical fistula. PMID- 7211621 TI - Our experience in the surgical treatment of complicated vesico-vaginal fistulae. PMID- 7211619 TI - Some aspects of large cystocele and its treatment by colpo- or hysteropexy to the sacral promontory. PMID- 7211623 TI - Total and free tryptophan levels in serum of newborn infants. Relationships with the Serotonin and nicotinic acid pathways. AB - The levels of total and free serum tryptophan have been determined in a group of newborn babies at birth, one day later and five days after birth. Total and free tryptophan levels are very high in the umbilical cord at birth, decrease quickly and significantly 24 hours after birth and show a slight, but not significant increase five days after birth. The high tryptophan levels at birth and their decrease in the first day after birth recall previous data on tryptophan metabolism "via" serotonin and "via" nicotinic acid. Since the synthesis of cerebral serotonin depends on the availability of tryptophan, and is thus linked to the level of free tryptophan in blood, these data suggest that synthesis of serotonin as well may be elevated at birth and may reach the values of adult soon afterwards. With respect to the nicotinic acid pathway the high levels of tryptophan in blood may be related to the synthesis of tryptophan pyrrolase, which is present in the liver of newborn babies. PMID- 7211622 TI - [Renal carcinoma appearing after mastectomy and ovariectomy]. PMID- 7211624 TI - Relationship between hemorrhagic ocular diseases and vitamin C deficiency: clinical and experimental data. AB - The hematic level of ascorbic acid was significantly lower with respect to that of healthy subjects in 55 patients with hemorrhagic ocular diseases. Experiments on albino guinea pigs showed that an induced hypovitaminosis C (2 weeks of scorbutigenic diet followed by a maintenance dose of 0,5 mg of ascorbic acid) caused the appearance of widespread retina hemorrhages and a significant decrease of the blood ascorbate levels with respect to the control groups. The present results suggest that a prolonged insufficient dietary intake of ascorbic acid may give rise to hemorrhagic ocular pathologies in humans. PMID- 7211625 TI - Drugs producing vitamin deficiencies. AB - Many drugs produce vitamin deficiencies. They belong to the most important and common therapeutical classes: analgesics, antianemics, antibacterial and antiblastic agents, antibiotics, antidiabetics, antimalarials, antiphlogistics, antipyretics, diuretics, laxatives and purgatives, tranquilizers and anticonvulsives, radiomimetics, hormones and vitamins themselves. The vitamin deprivation processes may be produced by a variety of mechanisms and may involve all vitamins. Recent experiments indicate that there is a competition for binding sites on proteins between vitamin C and salicylate and between dicoumarol and vitamin K. Usually a drug exerts a "devitaminizing" action with respect to only one vitamin. However there are examples of multiple vitamin deficiencies induced by a single drug, like salicylate which deprives the organism of vitamins C, K and pantothenate. These deficiencies may develop either all at the same time or successively. A direct and concomitant vitamin depriving action occurs when an antibiotic blocks the production of vitamins by the enteric flora. A different mode of action occurs in the drug induced folic acid deficiency, which in turn induces a deficiency of vitamin B12. It has been reported that a vitamin deficiency may result from intake of high pharmacological doses of other vitamins. These data need confirmation in patients treated with high doses of nicotinic acid. The drug induced vitamin deficiencies are studied with the same methodology employed for avitaminoses in general; hence they can be diagnosed using the same criteria. PMID- 7211626 TI - The effect of thiamine on the contractile responses of the isolated heart muscle. AB - Isolated papillary muscles of cats were exposed to increasing concentrations of thiamine during which the contractile response of myocardium to stimulation were measured. The results indicate that thiamine has no direct negative inotropic effect on the isolated heart muscle over a wide concentration range (0.1-1 mmol/l). Higher concentrations resulted in a concentration-related depression of all variables. The data indicate that thiamine in high doses as sometimes used in anesthesia (greater than 50 mg/kg) does not inhibit the contractile state of the myocardium. Blood pressure falls after massive doses of intravenous vitamin B1 are probably due to the synaptic blockade which is induced by the compound. PMID- 7211627 TI - [Plasma levels of Zn, Cu and Ni in healthy controls and in psoriatic patients. Possible correlations with vitamins (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma levels of Zn, Cu and Ni were determined in psoriatic patients by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In psoriatic patients, plasma Cu levels were significantly higher, whilst plasma Zn and Ni were significantly lower than in healthy controls. PMID- 7211628 TI - Allergy to cereals and dairy products in adult, uncomplicated asthma: an epidemiological survey. AB - From a representative group from the adult population (34.958) of a town of 77.384 inhabitants, 99 persons were selected who: a) claimed to be periodically dyspneic independently with respect to respiratory tract infections. b) had normal chest x-rays and normal PE flow values. Approximately one year later, a history of atopic diseases was taken from 79 of them, and intradermal skin tests were performed with some inhalants and food allergens. At this time, 15 persons failed to report their previous complaints of dyspnea. Only 5 persons reported that various vegetables and pickles were responsible for their urticaria or eczema. Only 2 persons admitted various gastrointestinal symptoms, but non mentioned milk, eggs or cereals as possible causative agents of their bronchial, nasal, skin or circulatory symptoms. Distinctly positive immediate type skin reactions to the mixed milk and egg allergen were recorded in 19 patients (24%), and to cereals in 11 persons (14%). They all reacted strongly also to the house dust allergen, but they did not differ from all the remaining subjects in the intensity of their skin response to the control solution of histamine. People with positive skin reactions to cereals or dairy products complained of chronic or recurrent rhinitis much more often than the others (73% and 63% compared with 35%). Forty-five (47%) of them had a positive personal history of urticaria or eczema. These "food reactors" did not differ from "non reactors" in the frequency of the elevated serum IgE level which was raised in 66% of the whole group (of 79). The results suggest that allergy to cereals and dairy products may often be underestimated in adult asthmatics especially when positive reactions to inhalants are also present. The problems of reliability of the skin tests and history taking in food allergy are briefly discussed. PMID- 7211629 TI - [Nasal provocation test in allergic perennial rhinitis. Comparison with clinical history, skin tests, eosinophils in nasal secretion and serum IgE levels using PRIST]. PMID- 7211631 TI - The relationship between professional productivity and educational level, Part 1. Review of the literature and methodology. AB - The primary purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of the educational level of occupational therapists to their professional productivity in the areas of practice, education, research, publication, professional activities, and health care policy planning. These areas of professional productivity were also studied in relationship to selected educational curricula through their alumni. In this article, the first of two, the literature and methodology are reviewed, the independent and dependent variables are defined, and the hypotheses are presented. The results will be presented and discussed in Part 2. PMID- 7211632 TI - Proficiency testing of academic and nonacademic preparation in five therapeutic activities. AB - Occupational therapy pre-majors at Cleveland State University (CSU) were required to demonstrate proficiency in five craft areas before admission into the program. Proficiency examinations were constructed to determine the students' level of knowledge in each craft area. Reliability and validity of the examinations were determined. Using these examinations, a study was conducted to compare the knowledge level of the pre-majors at CSU with that of occupational therapy students throughout the United States on the associate, baccalaureate, and entry level master's levels of education. The results of the study demonstrated that CSU students scored significantly higher on the examinations than both the associate and baccalaureate students, and at least as well as the entry-level master's students. PMID- 7211630 TI - Etiological factors in child bronchial asthma. AB - Available statistics regarding the different activating mechanisms of asthma vary greatly and they are a product of an era wherein only the extrinsic factors were considered to be fundamental in the etiology of bronchospasm. For the present study were selected 700 clinical case histories of children suffering from bronchial asthma. Emphasis was placed on the sex, age of onset, family history, presence of associated allergic disorders, intracutaneous tests and their relation to the anamnesis and evolution of the disease in the treatment period for no less than three years. A purely bacterial cause, without other types of sensitization involved, was present in 54% of the cases, on the contrary, purely extrinsic factors were present in 10% of the cases, summing up to 46%, if their role in the mixed group is taken into consideration. The high percentage of bacterial asthma (94.7%) was found fundamentally in children below one year of age. The results obtained in this demonstrate the great importance of the bacterial factor in child bronchial asthma. PMID- 7211633 TI - Bilateral shoulder disarticulation: equipment used to facilitate independence. AB - Equipment and methods used in treating a patient with a traumatic bilateral shoulder disarticulation in order to achieve independence in several daily living skills without the use of prostheses are described in this article. Dressing, bathing, toileting, communication, and hygiene skills are presented. PMID- 7211635 TI - 1980 Eleanor Clarke Slagle lecture. Occupational therapists put care in the health system. PMID- 7211634 TI - Collar sling for bilateral shoulder subluxation. PMID- 7211636 TI - Caring: a philosophy for practice. PMID- 7211637 TI - Creative caring. PMID- 7211638 TI - Occupational therapy's role in creating a future climate of caring. PMID- 7211639 TI - Zygomatic arch protector. PMID- 7211640 TI - Temporary covering for craniotomy site. PMID- 7211641 TI - The foundation. Issues in human subject occupational therapy research. PMID- 7211642 TI - Burnout in professionals working with deaf children. PMID- 7211643 TI - Normal language acquisition: a model for language programming for the deaf. PMID- 7211644 TI - School psychological services for hearing-impaired children in the New York and New England area. PMID- 7211645 TI - Developing word-identification skills within a total communication program. PMID- 7211646 TI - The factors affecting the gender connotations of language for the deaf child. PMID- 7211647 TI - The role and function of a counselor in residential schools for the deaf. PMID- 7211648 TI - Signed english: a brief follow-up the first evaluation. PMID- 7211649 TI - Briefly: heart rate deceleration in conditioned and unconditioned men. PMID- 7211650 TI - From the clinic: ten-speed stationary bicycle with wind load. PMID- 7211652 TI - An innovative removable rigid dressing technique for below-the-knee amputation. PMID- 7211651 TI - Uechi-Ryu karate in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: the Sepulveda experience. PMID- 7211653 TI - A comparison of isokinetic and isotonic training for college women. PMID- 7211655 TI - Informing the family of sudden death. AB - Physicians are neither trained nor prepared for delivering the news of sudden death. The unique stresses which tax a physician during the medical or surgical emergency can affect the way he delivers the news. There are distinct strategies for preparing and delivering the news of death. An informative, chronologically ordered account of events up to and including the death, delivered after taking time to review all the facts, makes the task less stressful and is less likely to elicit unnecessary confusion and anger in survivors. PMID- 7211654 TI - Evaluation of the hypercalcemic patient. AB - Malignancy is the most common cause of hypercalcemia, which may result from direct involvement of bone or from local or distant production of substances that enhance bone resorption. The recognized incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism has increased greatly since the advent of automated biochemical screening. A single parathyroid adenoma is most frequently the cause. Sarcoidosis commonly results in hypercalciuria but seldom causes sustained hypercalcemia. Increased production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol leads to hyperabsorption of calcium and enhanced bone resorption. PMID- 7211656 TI - Rational use of drug levels. AB - Considerable strides have been made in pharmacokinetics the last decade. Such techniques as gas chromatography and radioimmunoassay can measure minute quantities of drugs in serum and other body fluids. These assays are now available in many community hospitals. Therapeutic serum concentrations have been established for many drugs. Proper interpretation of serum drug levels permits precision in the use of drugs and minimizes adverse effects. PMID- 7211657 TI - Aseptic meningitis with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. AB - The diagnosis of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome is based on the clinical picture as much as on the laboratory findings. It is often considered late in the course of illness. Enteroviral infections and mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome have several common clinical features. Inability to recognize this syndrome can result in misdiagnosis of a viral syndrome with aseptic meningitis. PMID- 7211660 TI - Inheritance of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7211659 TI - Ligamentous injuries of the ankle. PMID- 7211658 TI - The child with strabismus. PMID- 7211661 TI - The DOL and FMGs. PMID- 7211662 TI - The law and Bendectin. PMID- 7211663 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - Abdominal aortic aneurysms are usually atherosclerotic in origin and infrarenal in location. They most commonly occur in patients over 50 and often are entirely asymptomatic. Although not essential for diagnosis, arteriography is necessary for proper planning of the operative procedure. Ultrasound and computerized axial tomography provide equal or superior diagnostic accuracy. The mortality rate from rupture of even small aneurysms is greater than the elective operative mortality. In the absence of absolute contraindications, aneurysms larger than 4.5 cm. should be surgically treated. PMID- 7211664 TI - Melanoma. AB - Melanoma most often occurs on the leg in women and on the head or neck in men. The appearance of the lesion should suggest the diagnosis, but pathologic examination and classification based on depth of skin penetration are essential for optimal therapy. Wide surgical excision should be followed by lymph node dissection, chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy depending on classification. PMID- 7211665 TI - Amiodarone therapy in symptomatic, sustained refractory atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - Amiodarone was utilized in 70 patients with symptomatic, sustained refractory tachyarrhythmias. Of these, 29 had atrial arrhythmia (20 recurrent atrial fibrillation and nine sustained supraventricular tachycardia). Control was achieved in eight with supraventricular tachycardia and in 16 with atrial fibrillation. Recurrence has been prevented in these 24 patients (83%) during an average follow-up of 13.4 months. An additional 41 patients had recurrent ventricular tachycardia. In 19 with symptoms consisting of dizziness of lightheadedness without syncope or clinically apparent hemodynamic compromise, treatment was limited to amiodarone. Of these, 14 responded (74%) and have been free of arrhythmia during an average follow-up of 13 months. In 22 who had experienced either syncope or life-threatening hemodynamic impairment, amiodarone was added to those agents which had only partially suppressed advanced grades of ventricular premature beats. Fourteen of these patients (64%) have remained free pf recurrent ventricular arrhythmia during an average follow-up of 12 months. After drug loading, maintenance therapy consisted of a daily dose ranging from 200 to 600 mg. Only mild side effects have been encountered in the 17 patients (23%) with any untoward responses. This experience confirms that oral amiodarone is an effective and safely applied agent against recurrent refractory atrial tachyarrhythmia and sustained intractable ventricular tachycardia with moderate symptoms. While also efficacious in refractory sustained life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia, usage of the agent is often difficult in this condition owing in part to insufficient information concerning amiodarone pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7211666 TI - Beneficial effects of nitroprusside administration on left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial ischemia in severe aortic stenosis. AB - Although surgical therapy is effective for reducing excessive left ventricular (LV) afterload in valvular aortic stenosis (AS), salutary short-term medical treatment has been lacking. Since we have shown LV systolic pressure (SP) is altered concordant with arterial SP in AS by vasopressors, the present study evaluated efficacy of nitroprusside (NP) on LV function, energetics, and perfusion in 15 severe AS patients. NP infusion (average 33 micron/min) proved beneficial in each: LVSP 192 mm Hg was reduced to 164; arterial SP decrement equaled LVSP change; LV end-diastolic pressure 19 mm Hg declined to 10: cardiac index (2.73 L/min/m2) and heart rate were unaltered; total systemic vascular resistance 1433 dsc-5 decreased to 1201; elevated LV stroke work index 92 gm.m/m2 was diminished to 74. Simultaneously, LV O2 consumption fell, LV diastolic flow was unchanged, while subendocardial perfusion increased. Thus cautious NP therapy with careful monitoring provided marked reduction of LV affected and improved LV function, energetics, and coronary flow distribution. PMID- 7211667 TI - Stabilization of cardiac lysosomal and cellular membranes in protection of ischemic myocardium due to coronary occlusion:efficacy of the nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agent, naproxen. AB - The combined cellular membrane stabilizing and prostaglandin-inhibiting agent, naproxen, administered either 30 minutes before or after left coronary occlusion, induced significant preservation of the acutely ischemic experimental animal myocardium. A consistent extent of myocardial protection was provided as measured by ST segment elevation, plasma accumulation of CK activity, tissue CK activities, and amino-nitrogen concentrations, and ultrastructural integrity. Protection did not appear to be via hemodynamic mechanisms since naproxen neither altered pressure-rate product nor decreased coronary resistance. While the degree that inhibition of platelet thromboxane A2 generation contributes to these salutary results requires clarification due to possible simultaneous decrease of coronary endothelial PGI2 formation, the present study emphasizes the value of the concomitant special lysosomal and cellular stabilizing actions of naproxen. In contrast to acetylsalicylic acid, meclofenamate, and indomethacin which do not effect such benefit in the same experimental conditions, our results indicate that naproxen resembles the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents which also possess membrane stabilizing properties, such as ibuprofen and flurbiprofen, and protects ischemic myocardium in similar adverse circumstances. PMID- 7211668 TI - Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic actions of diltiazem: disparate temporal effects shown by experimental dose-response studies. AB - Diltiazem (DT), a potent slow channel blocker, has been found to be clinically useful for treatment of coronary vasospasm, hypertension, and tachyarrhythmias. Nevertheless, only limited data are available on the hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects of DT. Atrial, His, right ventricular apex, aortic, and Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheters were used in 10 anesthetized dogs, and recordings were made during control period and after each of four infusions of DT (0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 mg/kg/min) each lasting 30 minutes. Results showed that heart rate, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, stroke volume, and HV interval did not change significantly. However, two dogs had second-degree AV block and a third had escape junctional rhythm during DT 0.08 mg/kg/min. Mean aortic pressure (AP), corrected sinus node (SN) recovery time, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were significantly reduced, whereas AH interval, AV functional and effective refractory periods were prolonged by DT. AV nodal refractory periods and AH interval were the only parameters significantly affected at DT 0.02 mg/kg/min. SN recovery time was significantly shortened at DT 0.04 mg/kg/min, whereas AP and SVR tell significantly at DT 0.08 mg/kg/min. DT had significant electrophysiologic effects at low doses, whereas hemodynamics were significantly altered only at high doses. Further, major electrophysiologic effects were on the AV node with lesser effects on SN function. Therefore, at a dose when antiarrhythmic effects are evident, the safety of diltiazem is corroborated by lack of adverse hemodynamic effects. PMID- 7211669 TI - Evaluation of left ventricular function in chronic pulmonary disease by exercise gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography. AB - To assess left ventricular (LV) response to supine bicycle exercise, we studied 10 normal (group 1). 10 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (group 2), 12 patients with severe obstructive lung disease (COPD) (group 3), and eight patients with both CAD and COPD (group 4) by gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography. Most individuals in all groups also had pulmonary catheter-obtained measurements of LV filling pressures during exercise. Normal individuals increased their ejection fraction (EF) during exercise by increasing stroke volume (SV) and reducing end-systolic volume (ESV) without changing end-diastolic volume (EDV); pulmonary artery (PAP) and wedge (PAW) pressures were unaltered. CAD patients (group 2) showed no change in EF with increased EDV, ESV, SV, and PAW. COPD patients (group 3) exhibited decreases in EDV, ESV, and SV, accounting for abnormal EF responses in 6 of 12; PAW was unchanged and the marked elevation of PAP correlated with reduced EDV. Group 4 patients (CAD plus COPD) had abnormal EF responses with increased EDV and ESV without change in SV. Thus an abnormal LV function response to exercise in COPD patients may be multifactorial, thereby indicating the possible need for therapeutic modalities in addition to those employed in alleviating pulmonary parenchymal disease. PMID- 7211670 TI - Significance of hypotension preceding fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias in post coronary obstruction sudden death. AB - While sudden death after acute myocardial infarction or ischemia most commonly occurs in the first few minutes, usually from tachyarrhythmias, little is known of associated hemodynamics. We monitored hemodynamics for 15 minutes following coronary embolization with mercury in 31 awake dogs. In 17 nonsurvivors, mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell 7 mm Hg at 15 seconds, 15 mm Hg by 45 seconds, 27 mm Hg at 120 seconds, and continued falling until ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred. In contrast, in 14 survivors, MAP was unchanged at 15 seconds, fell 8 mm Hg at 45 seconds, 15 mm Hg at 120 seconds, and than returned toward control. The decline in MAP was significantly greater and earlier in nonsurvivors. Heart rate increased at 15 seconds in nonsurvivors (21 bpm) but not until 75 seconds in survivors (33 bpm). Cardiac output fell significantly only in nonsurvivors. Ventricular ectopics (greater than 5 beats/15 sec) first appeared after hemodynamic changes in both groups; at 68 seconds in survivors and at 45 seconds in non survivors. While such ectopy persisted at the same frequency thereafter in both groups, VF occurred only in the more hypotensive dogs at 177 seconds. In a second series of 26 dogs, hypotension was randomly treated by intra-aortic balloon. All nine nonhypotensive dogs survived, whereas five of six untreated hypotensive dogs died compared to 2 of 11 treated ones (p less than 0.02). We conclude that significant hemodynamic changes precede ectopy, and VF and sudden coronary death occurs usually after persistence of hypotension. PMID- 7211672 TI - Decline in blood flow in stenotic coronary arteries during increased myocardial energetic demand in response to pacing-induced tachycardia. PMID- 7211671 TI - Synergistic relation between vasoconstriction and fixed epicardial vessel stenosis in coronary artery disease. AB - The clinically important hemodynamic consequences of epicardial coronary artery vasoconstriction were examined in the presence of stenosis of major vessels. For this purpose, a special isolated canine circumflex coronary artery preparation was used to provide elimination of reflex, humoral, and distal coronary vasculature resistance influences. Without stenosis, active vasoconstriction induced by either phenylephrine (10-3 M), angiotensin (10-5 M), or acetylcholine (10-5 M) had no effect on flow through the circumflex artery. Coronary arterial stenosis was created by intraluminal obstruction, which itself produced only insignificant effect on vessel flow. When the vasoconstrictor agent stimulation was superimposed on the fixed underlying vascular stenosis, there occurred dose dependent marked flow decreases through the partially obstructed vessel accompanied by major trans-stenotic pressure gradient increases. Phenylephrine, angiotensin, and acetylcholine separately caused significant (54%, 59%, and 46%) flow decreases with 48, 54 and 50 mm Hg pressure gradient increases respectively. This study demonstrates that vasoconstriction and stenosis act synergistically to reduce flow through obstructed major vessels in coronary artery disease. PMID- 7211674 TI - Reperfusion ventricular tachyarrhythmias: correlation with antecedent coronary artery occlusion tachyarrhythmias and duration of myocardial ischemia. AB - The incidence and severity of reperfusion ventricular tachyarrhythmias were correlated with : (1) the duration of antecedent acute coronary artery occlusion and (2) the incidence, severity, and time course of ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurring during the antecedent period of coronary occlusion in 98 dogs studied postligation for 5 to 60 minutes. The incidence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation (VF) increased significantly as coronary artery ligation periods were lengthened from 5 minutes to either 20 minutes (2 of 19 dogs vs 12 of 18 dogs, p less than 0.001) or 30 minutes (16 of 24, p less than 0.001), but notably decreased when reperfusion was delayed further from 30 minutes to 60 minutes after coronary artery ligation (4 of 18 dogs, p less than 0.001). Seven dogs were resuscitated from VF during coronary ligation and all seven suffered VF on reperfusion, whereas 37 dogs were arrhythmia-free during ligation and only one (3%, p less than 0.001) had VF on reperfusion. In addition, reperfusion ventricular tachyarrhythmias correlated with the occurrence of both immediate ventricular tachyarrhythmias (those peaking at 5 to 6 minutes postligation) and delayed ventricular tachyarrhythmias (those peaking at 18 minutes' postligation) of the antecedent acute ligation period. These observations provide a further basis for improved clinical understanding and management of potentially malignant tachyarrhythmias consequent to early myocardial reperfusion following acute myocardial ischemia and infarction. PMID- 7211673 TI - Dependence of ventricular fibrillation propensity on coronary blood flow without myocardial ischemia. AB - Ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) changes have been linked to coronary blood flow (CBF) in the context of CBF reduction and subsequent myocardial hypoxia. To clarify the effect of CBF on VFT in the absence of myocardial hypoxia, 18 open-chest pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs with uniformly controlled heart rate, cardiac output, and mean systemic arterial pressure (SAP) were studied as follows: CBF, coronary sinus O2 content (CcsO2), and thereby myocardial O2 consumption were continuously monitored. Baseline VFT determined by the single stimulus scanning technique was 33.0 +/- 3.9 mA. Initial values of CBF index (I) and VFT (n = 18) were positively correlated (VFTmA = 0.8 +/- 0.245 . CBFI ml/min . 100g-1LV; r = 0.60, p less than 0.01). Stepwise CBFI increments up to five times in excess of initial 131.5 +/- 9.7 ml/min . 100g-1LV were then induced by changing in random order. SAP (n = 10), left coronary perfusion pressure (n = 7), and arterial O2 content (n = 10) with VFT determined at each step; CcsO2 remained above 5.5 vol% while CBFI and VFT changes were positively correlated, and mean weighted slope of VFTmA = 16.6 +/- 0.103 . CBFI ml/min . 100 g-1Lv (r = 0.82, p less than 0.05). Systemic or coronary perfusion pressure and arterial or coronary sinus O2 content did not appear to affect VFT independently. It is concluded that even in the absence of myocardial hypoxia, CBF itself is a major determinant of VFT and thereby of innate arrhythmogenic propensity. PMID- 7211675 TI - Hematocrit and risk of coronary heart disease: the Puerto Rico Health Program. AB - Hematocrit was determined in 2555 rural and 6151 urban men age 45 to 64 years participating in the Puerto Rico Health Program, a prospective epidemiologic study of coronary artery disease (CAD). These participants were reexamined three additional times and mortality by cause and coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity were carefully documented for 8 years of follow-up. Since hematocrit (Hct) is an indirect measure of blood viscosity, its value an an independent risk factor of CHD was evaluated. Within the Puerto Rican cohort, Hct is slightly lower in older age groups, and appears slightly lower in the rural than in the urban area. In the rural area 4.6% had Hct values below 40%; in the urban area 3.0% were below 40%. A higher Hct level was associated with cigarette smoking, higher relative weight, higher blood pressure, and higher serum cholesterol. An elevated Hct level was also associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI), coronary insufficiency or CHD death in the urban area. Incidence of MI, coronary insufficiency, or CHD death was more than double in the high hematocrit group (Hct greater than 49%) compared to the low group (Hct less than 42%). Using a multivariate logistic function, the relationship remained statistically significant after adjustment for the above mentioned risk factors. These results provide further insight concerning the issue of the potential impact of elevated Hct as an independent risk factor contributing to the incidence of CHD mortality and morbidity. PMID- 7211676 TI - Prevalence of clinically occult cardiomyopathy in chronic alcoholism. AB - The mean absolute heart weight and mean heart weight to body weight ratio of a group of 43 alcoholics, screened from 1,970 consecutive autopsy reports at the Detroit General Hospital by selecting alcoholics with only ethyl alcohol abuse as an etiology of heart disease, are compared to those of a group of similarity selected age-matched nonalcoholic controls. None of the alcoholics was clinically suspected of having had cardiomyopathy. The statistically significant increased mean absolute heart weight and heart weight to body weight ratio of the alcoholic group reflected the presence of subclinical alcoholic cardiomyopathy. In addition, several of the patients in the alcoholic group displayed gross and microscopic cardiac pathologic changes consistent with alcoholic cardiomyopathy occurring in the absence of cardiomegaly. PMID- 7211677 TI - Tricuspid atresia and the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: evaluation methodology and successful surgical treatment of the combined disorders. PMID- 7211679 TI - Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans. PMID- 7211680 TI - Spontaneous severe constrictive pericarditis in congenital afibrinogenemia: mechanism, evaluation, and successful surgical treatment. PMID- 7211678 TI - Romano-Ward prolonged QT syndrome with intermittent T wave alternans and atrioventricular block. PMID- 7211682 TI - Contrast two-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosis of tricuspid atresia. PMID- 7211681 TI - Chronic recurrent ectopic junctional tachycardia resembling triggered automaticity in mitral valve prolapse syndrome. PMID- 7211683 TI - Exercise-induced coronary spasm: role of myocardial scintigraphy in noninvasive detection. PMID- 7211685 TI - Evaluation of cardiac performance and pressures by ultrasound: past promises and future potentials. PMID- 7211684 TI - Acute myocardial infarction precipitated by infectious disease. PMID- 7211686 TI - Vasodilator therapy in acute myocardial infarction: enhancement of cardiac function and potential to limit infarct size. PMID- 7211687 TI - FDA to fast-track recombinant drugs. PMID- 7211688 TI - Winding down the DESI review. PMID- 7211689 TI - Introspection and challenge: anticipating pharmacy's future. PMID- 7211692 TI - Pharmacists and FDA monitor nation's drug supply. PMID- 7211690 TI - New look to prescription drug labeling. PMID- 7211691 TI - Poisonous plants. PMID- 7211693 TI - Left ventricular filling in differentiating restrictive amyloid cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericarditis. PMID- 7211694 TI - Effects of exercise training on left ventricular performance and myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - To determine the effects of exercise training on left ventricular performance and myocardial perfusion in coronary artery disease, rest and exercise radionuclide angiocardiography and thallium-201 scintigraphy were performed before and after 12 weeks of training in 16 coronary patients. After training, 15 of the 16 patients had improved exercise tolerance; total treadmill exercise duration increased from (mean +/- standard error of the mean) 491 +/- 37 to 602 +/- 31 seconds (p less than 0.01), and the estimated rate of oxygen consumption (VO2 max) increased from 29.4 +/- 1.4 to 33.8 +/- 1.2 ml/kg per min (p less than 0.001). Resting left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 52 +/- 4 to 57 +/- 4 percent (p less than 0.02); no change occurred in left ventricular functional reserve assessed by ejection fraction and regional wall motion response to exercise at the same rate-pressure product before and after training. Myocardial perfusion at equivalent pre- and post-training cardiac work loads during exercise and on redistribution was unchanged by training. It is concluded that in patients with coronary heart disease, physical training increases exercise tolerance, and results in minimal improvement in resting left ventricular systolic performance. Functional reserve of both left ventricular systolic performance and the coronary circulation appears to be unchanged by exercise training. These data suggest that the beneficial effects of training for 12 weeks in patients with coronary artery disease predominantly result from factors other than improvement in left ventricular pump performance or perfusion. PMID- 7211695 TI - Radionuclide angiographic assessment of left ventricular function during exercise in patients with a severely reduced ejection fraction. AB - To study the effect of exercise on left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy and the relation of the response to the origin of the myocardial dysfunction, 30 patients with a severely reduced ejection fraction (30 percent or less) were evaluated with radionuclide angiography. Group I consisted of 16 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and a mean (+/- standard deviation) resting ejection fraction of 22.3 +/- 6.1 percent. Group II was composed of 14 patients with primary cardiomyopathy and a mean resting ejection fraction of 19.3 +/- 4.7 percent. The mean age, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac index and resting left ventricular ejection fraction of Groups I and II were similar; however, the change in the ejection fraction during similar levels of exercise differed significantly. The mean exercise ejection fraction decreased to 16.7 +/- 6.8 percent in Group I, but increased to 24.6 +/- 6.4 percent in Group II (p less than 0.001). Thus, exercise usually results in a directionally opposite change in left ventricular ejection fraction depending on the origin of the congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7211696 TI - Coronary arterial lesions in young men who survived a first myocardial infarction: clinical and electrocardiographic predictors of multivessel disease. AB - An analysis was made of clinical and electrocardiographic prognostic determinants of multiple vessel disease in 100 men, aged under 45 years, who survived a myocardial infarction. All patients underwent selective coronary arteriography within 1 year after sustaining a myocardial infarction. Multivessel disease was present in 64 patients; 33 patients had single vessel disease and 3 had either normal coronary arteries or minimal lesions. Exercise stress testing, electrocardiographic location of the infarction, total serum cholesterol and clinical features including body build, arterial blood pressure, smoking habits, family history of coronary artery disease and the presence of angina pectoris either before or after the acute event proved to be poor predictors of multiple vessel disease. Only 74 percent of the patients were correctly classified by a discriminant function analysis. Thus, for prognostic reasons, coronary arteriography seems warranted in young patients after acute myocardial infarction, even in the absence of residual angina or multiple risk factors. PMID- 7211697 TI - Preoperative factors affecting the outcome of isolated mitral valve replacement: a 10 year review. PMID- 7211698 TI - Influence of sulfinpyrazone and naproxen on infarct size in the dog. PMID- 7211700 TI - Comparative right and left ventricular volumes and pump function in the newborn lamb. AB - A quantitative cineangiographic method is presented for studying neonatal lamb ventricular volumes and pump function without thoracotomy or surgical instrumentation of the heart. When this method was employed in lambs with a mean age of 24.4 hours it was found that the right and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes, ejection fractions and systolic outputs did not differ significantly at this early postnatal time. Restudy of these lambs at a mean age of 15.6 days showed that right and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes, normalized for body weight, and ejection fractions had not changed significantly. Although systolic outputs decreased, the difference was not significant. Thus there is early postnatal equalization of left and right heart volumes, and deviations from this relation should suggest abnormal hemodynamic function. PMID- 7211701 TI - Exercise-induced regional wall motion abnormalities on radionuclide angiography. Lack of reliability for detection of coronary artery disease in the presence of valvular heart disease. AB - Exercise-induced regional wall motion abnormalities on radionuclide angiography have been thought to be a reliable indicator of coronary artery disease. To evaluate their reliability, particularly in patients with valvular heart disease, exercise radionuclide angiography was performed in 12 normal subjects, 35 patients with coronary artery disease and 19 patients with valvular heart disease and normal coronary arteries. Exercise-induced regional wall motion abnormalities were found in none of the normal subjects, 63 percent of the patients with coronary artery disease and 42 percent of those with valvular heart disease and were predominantly inferoapical in location in the group with valvular heart disease. We conclude that exercise-induced regional wall motion abnormalities are not reliable for the detection of coronary artery disease in patients with valvular heart disease. PMID- 7211699 TI - Sulfinpyrazone and aspirin increase epicardial coronary collateral flow in dogs. PMID- 7211702 TI - Quantitative two dimensional echocardiography during bicycle exercise in normal subjects. AB - A quantitative two dimensional echocardiographic study was conducted in 10 normal subjects performing bicycle exercise in a supine position. Standardized two dimensional echocardiographic short axis and apical views of the left ventricle were analyzed to derive left ventricular sectional areas and length. Over a range of exercise heart rates from 108 to 152 beats/min, satisfactory two dimensional echocardiographic views and measurements were obtained for quantitative assessment of sectional and global left ventricular function. Variability of left ventricular short axis area measurements ranged from 2.9 to 8.3 percent. Left ventricular volume reconstruction employed a simplified formula (volume = 5/6 area X length) with a single papillary muscle level short axis area and left ventricular length. Changes in left ventricular function from rest to exercise quantitated by two dimensional echocardiography indicated a significant reduction in end-systolic volume (from 28.1 +/- 5.6 to 20.8 +/- 4.3 cc/m2, p less than 0.001) and increased left ventricular ejection fraction (from 63.4 +/- 6.3 to 72.1 +/- 5.7 percent, p less than 0.001). The change in end-diastolic volume was not significant. It is concluded that standardized two dimensional echocardiographic study during supine bicycle exercise in normal subjects provides good reproducibility of measurement of sectional and global left ventricular function. Quantitative two dimensional echocardiographic exercise study of global as well as segmental left ventricular performance in patients may be feasible using standardized procedure and analysis. PMID- 7211703 TI - Left ventricular thrombi: in vivo detection by indium-111 platelet imaging and two dimensional echocardiography. AB - Indium-111 platelet imaging, which can identify sites of active intravascular platelet deposition, and two dimensional echocardiography, which can identify intracardiac masses, can both be used to detect left ventricular thrombi noninvasively. We compared these techniques in 44 men at risk for thrombi from remote transmural myocardial infarction (31 patients) or cardiomyopathy (13 patients). All 44 patients underwent platelet imaging; 35 underwent echocardiography. On platelet imaging nine patients had thrombi and one had a possible thrombus. Of these 10 studies, none were positive at 2 hours, 5 were positive at 24 hours and all were positive 48 or 72 hours after platelet labeling. Nine of these patients underwent echocardiography, and all had an intraventricular mass. The findings on platelet scanning were negative in six patients who had positive (four patients) or equivocally positive (two patients) findings on echocardiography. All patients with thrombi detected by either noninvasive method had transmural anterior myocardial infarction with ventricular aneurysm. Of the seven patients who underwent cardiac surgery or autopsy, three had thrombi. Platelet imaging failed to identify one thrombus in a patient in whom imaging was performed only at 24 hours after labeling. There were no false positive platelet images in this group. Five of these seven patients (two with thrombi, three without) underwent echocardiography; in all cases the echocardiographic findings agreed with the pathologic findings. Both platelet imaging and echocardiography detect ventricular thrombi. Platelet imaging may detect only the most hematologically active thrombi. Both techniques may help define patients at risk of embolization and may be useful for in vivo assessment of antithrombotic drugs. PMID- 7211705 TI - Cineangiography in the diagnosis of aortic dissection. AB - To assess the ability of biplane cineangiography in the diagnostic evaluation of acute dissection of the aorta, 20 patients with acute dissection were studied within 24 hours of surgery or autopsy, or both. Biplane large film aortic angiography was performed in 11 patients (Group I) and biplane aortic cineangiography in 9 (Group II). The morphology of the aortic valve was defined precisely in 5 (50 percent) of 10 patients in Group I and in all 9 patients (100 percent) in Group II (p less than 0.02). Aortic regurgitation weas diagnosed in all patients in both groups in whom it was present (p = not significant). Intimal tears were localized in 5 (50 percent) of 10 patients in Group I and in 8 (89 percent) of 9 in Group II (p less than 0.07). Intimal flaps were not identified angiographically in three patients in Group I and were identified in four patients (100 percent) in Group II (p less than 0.01). The presence of retrograde dissection was established in three (38 percent) of eight patients in Group I and in four (100 percent) of four patients in Group II (p less than 0.05). There was no difference in the ability to identify a nonclotted false lumen between cine and large film angiography. It is concluded that in addition to improved diagnostic capabilities, technical advantages make cineangiography a good alternative to large film angiography in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with acute dissection of the aorta. PMID- 7211706 TI - Patient-activated transvenous cardiac stimulation for the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia. AB - Recurrent, drug-refractory sustained tachycardias present a difficult management problem. After invasive electrophysiologic study and extensive antiarrhythmic drug testing, a permanent transvenous lead system and radiofrequency stimulator that required patient activation for burst pacing were implanted in eight patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia. In a follow-up period of 2 to 28.5 months (mean 12) each patient has successfully terminated multiple episodes of recurrent tachycardia without complication. This therapeutic approach has allowed a reduction in antiarrhythmic drug dosage and adverse effects, has obviated the need for frequent hospital admissions resulting from recurrent tachycardia, and has met with excellent patient acceptance. PMID- 7211707 TI - Reassessment of vasodilator therapy in angina: effects of oral isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine on exercise tolerance in patients receiving propranolol. PMID- 7211708 TI - Influence of severity of ventricular dysfunction on hemodynamic responses to intravenously administered verapamil in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7211704 TI - Indium-111 platelet imaging for detection of platelet deposition in abdominal aneurysms and prosthetic arterial grafts. AB - Thirty-four platelet imaging studies were performed in 23 patients to determine whether platelet deposition could be detected in patients with vascular aneurysms (18 patients) or in patients in whom Dacron prosthetic grafts had been place (5 patients). In patients in whom abnormal platelet deposition was detected, the effect of administration of platelet-active drugs on platelet deposition was examined. Of the 18 patients with an aneurysm, 12 had positive studies on initial imaging and 2 had equivocally positive images. Of five patients with Dacron arterial grafts in place, four had diffuse platelet deposition in the grafts; the fifth patient had platelet deposition only in a pseudoaneurysm. Eight patients with an abdominal aneurysm and positive or equivocally positive baseline images were restudied during platelet-active drug therapy either with aspirin plus dipyridamole (seven patients) or with sulfinpyrazone (four patients). No patient studied during treatment with aspirin plus dipyridamole had detectably decreased platelet deposition compared with baseline determinations. In contrast, two of four patients studied while receiving sulfinpyrazone showed decreased platelet deposition. Thus, platelet imaging may be of value for studying platelet physiology in vivo and for assessing platelet-active drugs and the thrombogenicity of prosthetic graft materials in human beings. PMID- 7211709 TI - An electron microscopic study on the structural development of the neural lobe in the human fetus. AB - Structural development of the neural lobe of the hypophysis was studied by light and electron microscopy in five human fetuses ranging from 7.5 to 19 weeks of ovulation age. Clusters of small clear vesicles were found occasionally in axon profiles in a fetus of 7.5 weeks. Granular vesicles in axon profiles first accumulated in a fetus of 8.5 weeks. Concurrently, fenestration of capillary walls and expansion of perivascular spaces were observed. After 8.5 weeks, three types of vesicle-containing axon profiles were found, which contained predominantly granular vesicles (GP), small clear vesicles (SP), and a mixed population of both granular and small clear vesicles (MX), respectively. Their numbers increased significantly during two periods, 7.5-8.5 weeks and 15.5-19 weeks. Ratios of GP, SP, and MX to the total number of the three types of axon were almost the same in all the fetuses studied, i.e., about 40%, 40%, and 20%, respectively. Developmental changes in the diameter of granular vesicles were examined in GP, SP, and MX of each fetus. Apart from a few exceptions, the mean diameter of granular vesicles was larger in GP than in MX, which was in turn larger than in SP. The diameters increased with development and those in GP reached almost the same value as in the adult by 19 weeks. PMID- 7211710 TI - Membrane-bound glycoprotein in the alveolar cells of the caprine lung. AB - An ultramicroscopic analysis of caprine lung glycoproteins, designed to detect plasmalemma-associated sulfoglycoprotein of alveolar type I and alveolar type II cells, was performed. High-iron diamine staining demonstrated a layer containing sulfated glycoproteins at the atypical plasmamembrane of alveolar type I cells and microvilli of alveolar type II cells. The cytoplasmic vesicles of the alveolar type I cell contained the reaction product on the inner leaflet of the vesicular unit membrane. The vesicles showed a variety of interactions with the apical plasma membrane. High-iron diamine staining also demonstrated sulfoglycoproteins in the cytoplasmic granules of the mast cells in the alveolar septum. The present study gives evidence that plasmalemma of the alveolar cells of the goat lung possesses exposed hyaluronic acid groups. PMID- 7211711 TI - An electron microscopic study of implantation in the cow. AB - The paper describes the changes occurring in the uterine and chorionic epithelia of the cow between days 18 and 28 of gestation, before and during implantation. The irregular uterine epithelium of the non-pregnant cow was simplified to a tall columnar epithelium before attachment began. Areas of attachment were first observed at day 20 in the region of the embryo. Such sites were characterized by the presence of pale uterine cells containing up to 8 nuclei ("giant cells") which accounted for nearly 50% of the epithelial area by day 24. Fetal binucleate cells were found in contact with, and partly across, the microvillar junction at all stages examined, and the presence of granules characteristic of binucleate cells within the giant cells suggested that the fetal cells contributed to their formation. Many uterine epithelial cells underwent degenerative changes between 22 and 28 days, and residues equivalent to their pyknotic remnants were found at the microvillar junction and within the mononucleate chorion cells. By day 28 some of the giant cells appeared to be degenerating, and areas of low cuboidal epithelium were present. This epithelium resembled the type found in the mature placenta. There was evidence that binucleate cell migration continued at this time. Nevertheless, the definitive membrane in the mature bovine placenta is epitheliochorial. PMID- 7211712 TI - Ultrastructural cytochemistry of complex carbohydrates of gastric epithelium in the guinea pig. AB - Ultrastructural and complex-carbohydrate cytochemical studies were carried out on guinea pig gastric mucosa to assess the histochemical properties of the secretions of different gastric epithelial cells and to investigate the differentiation, origin, and renewal of certain cell types. The observations disclosed heterogeneity or variability of the secretory granules within individual mucigenic cells and zymogen cells. The cytochemical methods also served in characterizing and distinguishing five cell types in the gastric glands, including the isthmus cell, a mucous cell considered comparable to the mucous neck cell, the chief cell, and forms transitional between the isthmus and mucous cells and the mucous and zymogenic cells. The several cell types differed widely in the cytochemical properties of the secretory granules and of the apical plasmalemma, and each had a distinctive distribution in the gastric gland. Cytochemical staining observed here provided evidence on synthesis and intracellular metamorphosis of mucous droplets and on formation of glycocalyx. PMID- 7211713 TI - Structural evidence for two different testicular types in teleost fishes. AB - Testicular structure in Salmoniformes, Perciformes, Cypriniformes, and Atheriniformes has been examined and reinterpreted on the basis of two different tubular types, distinguished from each other by the intratubular distribution of spermatogonia. In the salmoniform, perciform, and cypriniform teleosts studied, spermatogonia are distributed along the entire length of the testicular tubules. However, in the atheriniform teleosts spermatogonia are restricted to the distal end of the tubule. Sperm development in teleosts is cystic, cysts being comprised of Sertoli-cell processes. In both testicular types described, Sertoli cells phagocytize spermatid residual bodies. Together with the germ cells, they comprise the only intratubular cell types within the teleostean testis. Boundary cells are located immediately outside of the tubule basement membrane. They do not form a complete layer over the tubule surface; therefore, interstitial Leydig cells and blood vessels may border directly upon the tubular basement membrane. PMID- 7211714 TI - The stem-cell zone of the small intestinal epithelium. V. Evidence for controls over orientation of boundaries between the stem-cell zone, proliferative zone, and the maturation zone. PMID- 7211715 TI - Degenerative changes in endothelial and smooth muscle cells from aging swine ductus arteriosus and venosus. AB - Degenerative changes in endothelial and smooth muscle cells from fetal, 2-month-, and 6-month-old swine ductus vasculature were observed. In fetal ductus, a discontinuous internal elastic lamina and increased extracellular mucopolysaccharide deposition were initially noted. At 2 months of age, there was widespread fibromuscular intimal thickening, the appearance of modified smooth muscle cells, increased medial fibrosis, and the occurrence of cell debris and nuclear pyknosis. Early modification of smooth muscle cells was marked by increased occurrence of lysosomes, widely dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies. Abundant aggregates of Weibel-Palade bodies occurred in early endothelial cell degeneration. At 6 months of age, after complete anatomical closure, there was abundant lipid vacuole production by degenerated medial smooth muscle cells. This study demonstrates that at various stages of occlusion, endothelial and smooth muscle cells from ductus vasculature exhibit morphological changes which are qualitatively similar to atherosclerosis. PMID- 7211716 TI - The stem-cell zone of the small intestinal epithelium. I. Evidence from Paneth cells in the adult mouse. AB - Stem cells in the small intestinal epithelium are known to differentiate into columnar, mucous, enteroendocrine, and Paneth cells. However, the site of initiation of stem-cell differentiation has been unknown. To approach this problem we determined the site of stem-cell differentiation along the Paneth cell line, using light microscopic morphometry and radioautography. The smallest Paneth cells containing the smallest granules were in positions 6 and 7, while the largest ones containing the largest granules were in positions 1 and 2 at the base of the crypt. Paneth cell death was less prevalent above position 3 than it was in position 1. Since cell size, granule size, and cell death are indicators of Paneth cell age, it was deduced that there is a gradient of Paneth cell age in the crypt base, with the oldest Paneth cells at the bottom, and the youngest at the top. After single injection or continuous infusion of 3H-thymidine, the first labeled Paneth cells to appear were the highest Paneth cells in their crypt column. Later, labeled Paneth cells became more prevalent in lower positions, and, eventually, appeared in position 1. The size of granules in labeled Paneth cells increased with time. It was concluded that Paneth cells originate in position 5 or above and then migrate downward. These results are consistent with a stem-cell zone hypothesis, which proposes that stem cells in positions 1-4 receive no inducement to differentiate. Only those stem cells that migrate up out of the stem-cell zone into position 5 will be induced and then begin to differentiate. PMID- 7211717 TI - The stem-cell zone of the small intestinal epithelium. II. Evidence from paneth cells in the newborn mouse. AB - The restriction of Paneth cell formation to the top of the Paneth cell distribution in the adult was suggested to be due either to the existence of a stem-cell zone or to the influence of a Paneth cell population-density gradient (Bjerkness and Cheng, 1981). To distinguish between the two possible mechanisms, the development of the Paneth cell distribution in neonatal mice (0-10 days old) was studied. If restricted formation were due to the presence of a population density gradient of Paneth cells, then in neonatal animals, in the absence of a Paneth cell population-density gradient, Paneth cell formation would occur throughout the crypt base. If, on the other hand, restricted formation were due to the presence of a stem-cell zone, and if this mechanism were operative in the newborn, Paneth cell formation in the newborn would be restricted to the region above the stem-cell zone. The position of each Paneth cell within the crypt, and the size of its largest granule, were recorded. On day 0, Paneth cells were present, but crypts were poorly developed and positional assignment was not possible. On day 1, immature crypts developed. All Paneth cells found in immature crypts on day 1 were at the crypt-surface junction (approximately position 5). On day 2, most Paneth cells were at the crypt-surface junction. Thereafter, Paneth cells began to appear at lower positions. On day 3, there were 15 times more Paneth cells in position 5 than in position 1. On day 4, there were still three times more Paneth cells in position 5 than in position 1. With age, the proportion of Paneth cells in position 1 increased while that in position 5 decreased. On day 10 there were more Paneth cells in position 1 than in 5. At all time intervals, granules of Paneth cells in position 1 were significantly larger than those in position 5, indicating that Paneth cells in position 1 were older than those in position 5. It was concluded that in the neonate, before the establishment of a Paneth cell population-density gradient, Paneth cell formation was restricted to positions 5 and above. This supports the existence of a stem cell zone, not a Paneth cell population-density gradient, as the underlying mechanism of restricted Paneth cell formation in the adult. PMID- 7211718 TI - The stem-cell zone of the small intestinal epithelium. III. Evidence from columnar, enteroendocrine, and mucous cells in the adult mouse. AB - In the first two articles of this series we demonstrated restriction of Paneth cell formation to positions 5 and above. Restriction was independent of the Paneth cell population-density gradient in the crypt base. We concluded that our results were consistent with the presence in the adult of a stem-cell zone in positions 1-4 in which stem cells received no inducement to differentiate. To further test the stem-cell zone hypothesis we determined the site of stem-cell differentiation along mucous, enteroendocrine, and columnar cell lines using radioautography with 3H-thymidine as a label. One hour after injection of 3H thymidine, labeled mucous cells were not observed below position 5. Only later did they appear in lower positions and not until 4 days after injection were they observed in position 1. Labeled enteroendocrine cells first appeared above, and then were seen in the top of, and finally in the middle and bottom of the Paneth cell distribution. Thirty hours after injection there were two populations of labeled columnar cells in the crypt base, a heavily labeled population and a lightly labeled one. At this time interval the heavily labeled columnar cells were only observed in positions 5 and above, but they appeared in positions 1-4 by 66 hours after injection. The above evidence led us to conclude that all differentiated offspring of the common epithelial stem cell originate in positions 5 and above. Most columnar, mucous, and enteroendocrine cells originating in positions 5 and above migrate upward. However some of these cells migrate down. All differentiated cells found in positions 1-4 migrated down from their origin in position 5 or above. We also found that only stem cells proliferate in positions 1-4. We concluded that in the adult, there is a stem cell zone in positions 1-4 where stem cells are not induced to differentiate and persist as stem cells throughout life. PMID- 7211719 TI - The stem-cell zone of the small intestinal epithelium. IV. Effects of resecting 30% of the small intestine. AB - In the mouse jejunum, as in the rat, a new steady state was established 3 weeks after resection of 30% of the small intestine. The mean height of a villus, crypt, and proliferative zone increased. We studied the effects of this new steady state on the distribution of the four main epithelial cell types and on the stem-cell zone. Beginning 2 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz, 10 cm of jejunum were resected. In control animals the jejunum was transected 12 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz and then rejoined. The mice were killed 1 and 3 weeks after surgery and a piece of jejunum 4 cm distal to the anastomosis collected. One hour before death the animals were given an injection of 1 mu Ci/gm 3H thymidine. The tissue was embedded in Epon and then serial 1 micron sections were prepared and radioautographed. One week after resection there was a transient increase in the proportion of enteroendocrine cells in the crypts. This returned to control levels 3 weeks after resection. Thus, there appeared to be a feedback from the enteroendocrine population onto enteroendocrine cell production. After resection, amplification of mucous cell numbers by mucous cell division was reduced and yet normal proportions of mucous cells were observed in the epithelium. Therefore, an increased proportion of stem-cell output must have been committed to the mucous and enteroendocrine cell lines. The increased height of the proliferative zone that followed 30% resection was not due to an increase in the number of transit divisions through the proliferative zone. Instead it was due to an increased output from the stem-cell zone into the proliferative zone. Evidence was presented which indicates that the increased output from the stem cell zone was due to an increased number of stem cells in the zone, at the expense of non-stem cells. The height of the stem-cell zone, as indicated by the Paneth cell distribution, the mucous cell distribution, and the distribution of labeled mucous cells, did not change after 30% resection. PMID- 7211720 TI - Effect of remaining family members on fatness prediction. AB - As shown first by stepwise multiple correlations and then by family "sets" the probability that a parent or a child will be obese is a direct function of the fatness level of remaining family members. For a four-member nuclear family the probability that one member will be obese is well below chance expectancy (i.e., 12.6%) if the remaining three members are all lean and far higher (i.e., 40.7%) if the remaining family members are all obese. While mothers follow family line fatness expectancy, there is an excess of obese mothers in lean nuclear families, consistent with the inverse relationship between adult female fatness and socioeconomic status. PMID- 7211721 TI - Studies on the effect of nutritional deprivation during childhood on body composition of adolescent boys: creatinine excretion. AB - Forty-eight hour urinary creatinine excretion was measured in 50 boys aged 14 yr. who had had varying degrees of growth retardation during their preschool years. Subjects with growth retardation continued to be shorter and lighter and also had lower urinary creatinine excretion values per cm height or per kg weight. Creatinine height index values showed a deficit of about 40%. It is not clear whether this reduction in creatinine index represents a reduction in muscle mass or an altered creatine turnover. There is a need to study the body composition pattern among undernourished communities using direct methods. PMID- 7211723 TI - Postprandial exchange of apolipoprotein C-III between plasma lipoproteins. AB - Three healthy male subjects were given a high fat meal after fasting for 12 h. Blood samples were drawn at hourly intervals over 6 h. The plasma triglyceride levels reached peak values within 3 to 6 h postprandially. Plasma cholesterol concentration, however, remained constant in the three subjects as well as in a fasting normal subject. Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III), a major apoprotein in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles and known to be exchangeable between plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) and triglyceride-rich particles, was studied in regard to its net transfer between lipoproteins during meal absorption and postabsorptive lipolysis. ApoC-III levels in total plasma as quantitated by radioimmunoassay were stable regardless of the increase of plasma triglycerides. When triglyceride levels increased after a meal, apoC-III in the d. less than 1.063 lipoprotein fraction increased concomitantly, while apoC-III in HDL decreased. The converse was observed during lipolysis as plasma triglycerides fell. In any case, apoC-III levels in d. less than 1.063 lipoproteins were positively correlated with plasma triglycerides (r = 0.82, p less than 0.01) after the meal. The finding suggests that the apoC-III concentrations in HDL are very dynamic in vivo. ApoC-III can transfer from HDL to triglyceride-rich particles during meal absorption and can transfer from triglyceride-rich particles to HDL during postabsorptive lipolysis. PMID- 7211722 TI - Blood and tissue branched-chain amino and alpha-keto acid concentrations: effect of diet, starvation, and disease. AB - Branched-chain alpha-keto and amino acid (BCKA, BCAA) concentrations were measured in blood, plasma, and tissues of rats fed low protein (8% casein) or high protein (60% casein) diets; and in rats fed a stock diet and subjected to 3 days of starvation of chemically-induced diabetes. Concentrations of these amino and ketoacids were also measured in blood from patients with maple syrup urine disease. Valine, isoleucine, and leucine concentrations in blood from rats fed the stock diet were 124 +/- 7, 58 +/- 4 and 99 +/- 5 microM, respectively. Blood BCAA concentrations of rats fed the high protein diet and diabetic rats were elevated 2- to 3-fold; small increases were observed in blood from starved rats. Changes in blood BCAA concentrations paralleled those in tissues, except in starved rats in which the skeletal muscle free BCAA pool increased proportionately more than the circulating pool. Mean blood BCKA concentrations of rats fed the stock diet were low--7.9 +/- 0.5, 7.1 +/- 0.4 and 12.4 +/- 0.7 microM for alpha-ketoisovaleric, alpha-keto-beta-methylvaleric, and alpha ketoisocaproic acids, respectively. All treatments resulted in increases in blood BCKA concentrations of from 1.4 to 2 fold. In liver and heart, concentrations of BCKA, except for that of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid were near the limits of detection (less than 1 nmole/g). There was significant accumulation of all three BCKA in skeletal muscle which was estimated to contain about 80% of the measured body free BCKA pool. Blood BCKA are well regulated. Only in patients with maple syrup urine disease are plasma concentrations of BCKA useful indicators of altered tissue BCAA metabolism. Skeletal muscle, where oxidation of the BCKA is limited by low BCKA dehydrogenase activity, would seem to be the major source of circulating BCKA. PMID- 7211724 TI - Validation of a dietary record system for the estimation of daily cholesterol intake in individual outpatients. AB - In order to develop a reliable system for measuring daily cholesterol intake in individual outpatients, studies were undertaken to establish the shortest time period (in days) for which it is necessary to obtain daily food intake records. Three volunteers were trained in dietary record-keeping and portion-size assessment, and instructed to self-select a low-cholesterol diet for 20 days. During the study period they maintained daily dietary records and collected dummy diets. Comparisons of cholesterol intake calculated from the dietary records (mean 144 mg/day, SD +/- 13, n = 60) to the values from chemical analysis (118 +/ 28 mg/day) demonstrated that the calculated values were higher (mean 19%). More importantly, it was found that a minimum of 9 days' records of dummy diet analyses were required in order to reach an estimate of daily cholesterol intake that varied by less than 10% from the mean of the 20-days' values. In 100 outpatients trained to adhere to a moderately low-cholesterol intake and who maintained sequential dietary records for 9 days, it was found that the mean daily intake was 251 mg/day but that individual patients exhibited substantial daily variations in cholesterol intake (average coefficient of variation = 54%, range = 8.5 to 121.2%). These results demonstrate that, under conditions of training in dietary record-keeping and portion-size assessment, adherence to a low-cholesterol diet, and with collection of at least 9 days of dietary records, a reliable quantitative estimate of daily dietary cholesterol intake can be obtained in free-living outpatient populations. PMID- 7211725 TI - Bile lipid alterations in taurine-depleted monkeys. AB - Newborn cebus and cynomolgus monkeys, differing in their inherent taurine-glycine conjugation of bile acids, were fed taurine-free soy protein infant formula (Isomil) with or without added taurine (500 mg/kg dry diet). After 5 months, monkeys were anesthetized, their enterohepatic circulation interrupted, and their bile pool drained for 4.5 h. Bile acid conjugation, total bile acid pool size, biliary lipid composition, and theoretical maximal cholesterol solubility in bile were determined. Taurine depletion in cebus monkey, an obligate taurine conjugator (97%), did not reduce bile acid conjugation with taurine, or did it alter bile acid pool size, biliary lipid composition, or theoretical maximal cholesterol solubility in bile. Conversely, taurine depletion in cynomolgus, a species normally conjugating with some glycine (15 to 20%), significantly reduced conjugation of taurine with bile acids from 84 to 64%, essentially doubling that of glycine from 16 to 36%. Furthermore, theoretical maximal cholesterol solubility in cynomolgus bile improved significantly as a result of taurine depletion. This improvement was associated with increased percentage distribution of biliary phospholipid from 17 to 33%, in turn reflecting an increase in the taurochenodeoxycholate to taurocholate ratio from 0.7 to 2.9. Concomitant increase in biliary cholesterol concentration associated with increased glycine conjugation precluded any changes in the percent saturation of bile which remained constant at 130% for both dietary groups of cynomolgus. Taurochenodeoxycholate uniquely conserved taurine in the face of body taurine depletion. Taurine availability thus potentially has a substantial influence on bile acid characteristics and cholesterol solubility in a glycine conjugating primate. PMID- 7211727 TI - Energy and macronutrient content of human milk during early lactation from mothers giving birth prematurely and at term. AB - The lactose, lipid, protein, and total energy content of milk produced during the first 4 wk of lactation was determined in milk from mothers giving birth prematurely and at term. Milk samples analyzed were representative of complete 24 h expressions. Over the first 4 wk of lactation lactose concentration increased, but nitrogen concentration decreased by an average of 25%. Lipid and total energy concentration increased by 25% from the 1st to 2nd wk and then remained stable in both groups. Although these changes with duration of lactation were similar in both groups, premature compared to full term milk was consistently 20 to 30% higher in total energy and lipid concentration, 15 to 20% higher in total protein and, after the 1st wk, approximately 10% lower in lactose. By comparing predicted nutrient intakes to estimated requirements of premature infants fed 150 to 200 ml/kg/day of their own mothers' milk, we predict that the quantities of protein and energy provided would be adequate to meet the needs of the infant during the early weeks of life. PMID- 7211726 TI - Fatty acid composition of human colostrum and mature breast milk. AB - The fatty acid composition of human milk obtained on individual samples from 120 mothers early (day 3 to 5) and later (day 40 to 45) in lactation were determined by argentation thin-layer and gas chromatographic procedures. In comparison with mature milk, human colostrum was characterized by a lower percentage of saturated fatty acids including medium chain length acids, a higher percentage of monounsaturates, and a lower level of linoleic and linolenic acids, but a higher percentage of their long chain polyunsaturated derivatives. It is concluded that in view of their levels in breast milk, the polyenoic derivatives of linoleic and linolenic acids must be taken into account when assessing infant foods. PMID- 7211728 TI - Nutrition studies with White Mountain Apache preschool children in 1976 and 1969. AB - Nutrition studies were undertaken with two cohorts of White Mountain Apache preschool children, first in 1969 and again in 1976. Under the direction of the same investigator, similar procedures were used in the two studies to evaluate dietary, clinical, and biochemical status. The proportion of children in 1976 with low intakes of calories and of several micronutrients (calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, and iron) and with abnormal biochemical values (hemoglobin, serum iron, vitamin A, and vitamin C), was about half that in 1969. Height for age and weight for age were the same in the two studies. Skinfold thickness were slightly greater in 1976. Overall, these changes in nutritional status were in keeping with changes in the environment and in the economic and health care situations on the Fort Apache Reservation. PMID- 7211730 TI - Can some people synthesize ascorbic acid? PMID- 7211731 TI - Urinary oxalate excretion after large intakes of ascorbic acid in man. AB - The influence of high dose intake of ascorbic acid on the urinary excretion of oxalate was investigated in five healthy male volunteers. Oxalate was measured by a newly developed specific method using isotachophoresis. With intakes of 10 g ascorbic acid (5 X 2 g daily for 5 days; four subjects) mean urinary oxalate excretion was enhanced from about 50 mg to 87 mg (range 60 to 126 mg) per day. At least 25% of the ascorbic acid was absorbed and excreted with the urine. On discontinuing ascorbic acid administration, oxalate excretion returned to baseline values within 24 h. The time-course of oxalate excretion revealed that following the 3rd dose of 2 g ascorbic acid a plateau in urinary oxalate excretion was reached (0.6 microgram ml-1 min-1) which was not exceeded despite additional 2-g doses of ascorbic acid. On termination of ascorbic acid administration the oxalate excretion rate remained at this level for a further 6 h and then decreased to prestudy rates. No effect of high-dose ascorbic acid ingestion was found on the daily urinary excretion of creatinine, uric acid, and inorganic phosphate. Calcium excretion was slightly reduced. In comparison to the large amounts of ascorbic acid ingested, the increase in urinary oxalate excretion as measured by isotachophoresis in these healthy male volunteers was very low, and is thus similar to the change in urinary content of oxalate which results from consuming normal diets. PMID- 7211729 TI - A method of screening for growth hormone deficiency using anthropometrics. AB - Among children less than 3rd percentile in height, less than 1% are deficient in endogenous growth hormone, while 80% have no recognizable organic cause for short stature, and are termed normal variants. This study investigated whether anthropometric evaluation can distinguish growth hormone-deficient from normal variant children. Height, weight, midarm circumference and 10 skinfold thicknesses were measured in 24 growth hormone-deficient and 26 normal variant children; indices of linear growth, adiposity, and lean body mass were derived from these. All these variables were analyzed statistically by discriminant analysis. This led to a screening formula, here called a "Z-function," based only on height and five skinfolds (abdomen, back, chest, knee, and calf). The Z function classified correctly all but two growth hormone-deficients and two normal variants. Because of the small and possibly inhomogeneous sample, the particular formula developed here is not recommended for general use, but these preliminary findings show that a simple anthropometric screening test is indeed feasible, and could be useful in pediatric practice. PMID- 7211732 TI - Salivary zinc as an index of zinc status in women fed a low-zinc diet. AB - The effect of a low-zinc diet on saliva and plasma levels was studied in 12 healthy young women. A diet low in zinc (3.2 mg/day) was fed to the subjects for 22 days. Subjects were determined to be in satisfactory zinc status via analysis of the zinc levels of their diet, hair, plasma, and saliva. During the low-zinc diet, concentrations of zinc in whole mixed saliva remained relatively stable for each individual and related significantly to the percentage sediment in the saliva. However, mixed saliva zinc did not respond to dietary depletion. Plasma zinc levels declined, but not significantly. Zinc levels of salivary sediment, which consisted primarily of epithelial cells, significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased from initial values of 126 +/- 28 microgram/g to final levels of 94 +/- 14 microgram/g after the low-zinc diet. These results suggest that mixed saliva zinc is not a useful index of zinc status; however, salivary sediment zinc may be a sensitive parameter if contamination can be avoided. PMID- 7211733 TI - Effect of cysteine on iron absorption in man. AB - Cysteine significantly increases, about 2-fold, the absorption from nonheme iron present in vegetable foods, hemosiderin, and of a ferric salt, when this amino acid is administered during the ingestion of foods. No enhancing effect was obtained when the amino acid was mixed with the food before the final cooking. A slight but significant enhancement of heme iron absorption was observed when a large dose of cysteine was administered during the ingestion of hemoglobin. This amino acid mimics the enhancing effect from proteins present in animal foods such as beef, lamb, pork, fish, chicken, and liver. It could be possible that proteins and cysteine share the same mechanism by which they induce an increase of iron absorption. PMID- 7211736 TI - Nutritional status of a group of alcoholics before and after admission to an alcoholism treatment unit. AB - The nutritional status of the alcoholic has been presumed to be less than adequate because of the large quantity of alcohol ingested. Most reports have focused on the derelict alcoholic. In contrast, the patients in this investigation are more representative of the usual alcoholic population. The pretreatment dietary histories of 58 alcoholics were compared with their actual dietary intake while they were hospitalized for the treatment of alcoholism. Comparisons were also made between dietary intake by history and Recommended Dietary Allowances. The mean calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake of the patients was adequate and was well within the Recommended Dietary Allowances ranges. After the patients stopped drinking, they increased their intake of all major nutrients, especially carbohydrates. A subgroup of 11 patients whose recent dietary intake by history was corroborated by their urinary nitrogen excretion had no change in total caloric intake after they stopped drinking. PMID- 7211734 TI - The effect of skim milk, yoghurt, and full cream milk on human serum lipids. AB - The hypothesis that certain milk products contain a cholesterol-lowering "milk factor" was tested in adolescent schoolboys whose diets were complemented with 2 L of skim milk, yoghurt, or full cream milk daily for 3 wk. After a fall in all serum lipids during the precomplementation wk, serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol continued to fall on skim milk; in contrast, it rose for the first 2 wk on yoghurt or full cream milk. These changes correlated with dietary fat and cholesterol intakes. Total cholesterol returned to base-line values during the 3rd wk on yoghurt or full cream milk. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and percentage high-density lipoprotein/total cholesterol rose transiently in all three groups, with the highest levels being recorded on full cream milk. Serum triglycerides tended to decrease in all groups. No convincing evidence of a milk factor could be found, but skim milk appeared to have a cholesterol-lowering effect at least partly due to its low lipid content. PMID- 7211735 TI - Fecal characteristics in healthy young adults consuming defined liquid diets or a free-choice diet. AB - Fat and nitrogen absorption and fecal characteristics were studied in 10 healthy, young adults who ingested a free-choice diet for 12 days and then isocaloric amounts of one of two nutritionally complete liquid defined formula diets during a succeeding 12-day period. Apparent fat absorption was 98 to 99% of intake with both defined formula diets and 95% of intake on the free-choice diet. Nitrogen digestibility was determined during the liquid diet period, and averaged 95 to 98% of intake. There were no statistically significant differences between the liquid diets and the free-choice diets with respect to fecal wet or dry weight, transit time, or stool frequency. Individual stool weights averaged 83 to 96 g on the free-choice or liquid formula diets and were comparable to other values reported in the literature. These results support the theory that a critical volume of feces must accumulate in the colon before defecation occurs, regardless of diet composition. PMID- 7211737 TI - Amount and food sources of total sugar intake by children ages 5 to 12 years. AB - Average daily consumption of sugars by children 5 to 12 yr was investigated by analyses of 7-day food diaries of a cross-sectional sample of American children. The average daily total sugar consumption for the total sample was 134.3 g with the food group of milk contributing, on the average, the greatest number of grams of sugars. Other food groups making significant contributions to the children's total sugar consumption were cakes, cookies, pies, and other desserts; sweetened beverages; fruits; and fruit juices. Spline distributions of total sugar intake revealed a few children were consuming over 280 g of sugars per average day while some consumed less than 44 g of sugars. Spline distributions, also indicated that the food groups most likely to be consumed at levels resulting in excessive amounts of sugars intake by particular children were sweetened beverages; cakes, cookies, pies, and other desserts; and fruit juices. PMID- 7211739 TI - Cell-mediated immunity and zinc deficiency. PMID- 7211738 TI - Plasma carotenoids as a useful indicator of vitamin A status. PMID- 7211740 TI - Indicators of nutritional status for use in screening and surveillance. PMID- 7211741 TI - China's health system: determinants. AB - This paper seeks to examine and explain the changes in China's health policy since 1949. It attempts to clarify the role of various determinants in the health policy-making process in various stages of China's development and discover what forces propelled the shifts in health policies and campaigns. Various social, economic and political forces are discussed as they bear on the evolution of China's health policies, and the fate of Maoist vs. pragmatic tendencies is assessed. PMID- 7211742 TI - An examination of the influence of traditional therapeutic systems on the practice of cosmopolitan medicine in Japan. AB - The Japanese health care system is frequently criticized within Japan for the over-prescription of medication. This problem is analyzed by examining the modern medical system as a cultural construct. Attitudes towards medication derived from the traditional East Asian medical system are delineated and their reinforcement through other cultural institutions is discussed. The implications of the persistence of these attitudes for contemporary medical practice is presented. PMID- 7211744 TI - Comparison of sodium salicylate, morphine sulfate, and acupuncture at Jen-Chung (Go-26) on the cardiovascular system of dogs. AB - The cardiovascular effects of the administration of sodium salicylate (100 mg/kg), the administration of morphine sulfate (0.5 mg/kg) and acupuncture by electrocautery at Jen-Chung (Go-26) were compared in groups of dogs under 0.75% halothane anesthesia. Cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), central venous pressure (CVP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and base deficit were measured over a two hour period. A significant increase in CO, SV, PP, and CVP in addition to a significant decrease in TPR were observed following the administration of sodium salicylate. Morphine sulfate decreased the CO, HR, and MAP significantly while the SV and PP were significantly increased. Acupuncture by electrocautery at Jen-Chung (Go-26) produced a significant increase in CO, SV, HR, MAP, and PP and a significant decrease in TPR. This model was satisfactory in comparing cardiovascular changes evoked by a mild analgesic, sodium salicylate, a potent opiate, morphine sulfate, and acupuncture by electrocautery at Jen-Chung (Go-26). PMID- 7211743 TI - Traditional therapies and the treatment of drug dependence in Southeast Asia. AB - Many countries in Southeast Asia have the experience of traditional treatments of drug dependence, or have healers who are extending traditional methods to meet contemporary needs. Some treatments, for example those used in some Buddhist monasteries in Thailand and clinics in Japan, rely upon the philosophical and religious traditions of the country; others come closer to faith healing and magic in their practices; and many use herbal preparations during detoxification and afterwards, as well as offering spiritual or secular therapy. This paper argues that careful evaluation be made of the methods and outcome of these traditional treatments of drug dependence and summarizes some of the evidence so far published. PMID- 7211745 TI - Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 of Panax ginseng on mitosis in human blood lymphocytes in vitro. AB - The ginsenoside Rg1 extracted from the root of Panax ginseng can promote mitosis in cultured human lymphocytes activated by PHA or Con A. Its most effective concentrations are around 0.0003-0.0005 mg per ml of medium. Experiments show that it does not arrest the cells at any particular mitotic stage. It can also enhance the DNA synthesis in the activated lymphocytes. As a result of the increased number of the mitotic cells and enhanced DNA synthesis, the cell density is significantly increased in the Rg1-treated culture as compared with the control. However, in the absence of a mitogenic lectin Rg1 cannot restart the quinescent human lymphocytes to divide in vitro; therefore it is not mitogenic to resting cells. The possible action of Rg1 on activated human lymphocytes as well as its pharmacological significance are discussed. PMID- 7211746 TI - A uterotonic substance from Annona cherimola seeds. AB - Water extract from seeds of Annona cherimola was tested in vitro on uterus strips of nongravid guinea-pigs. The extract resulted in possessing utero-constrictive properties due to the presence of a gluco-steroidal substance isolated from it. PMID- 7211747 TI - A reliable method for locating electropermeable points on the skin surface. AB - A method employing solvent-activated tape electrode was adapted for locating electropermeable points, minimizing possible errors due to human and external factors. Measurements along two meridians on the forearm showed that these points were somewhat scattered about the conventional acupuncture loci and their observable occurrence was probably the result of localized thermal damage of the epidermis. PMID- 7211748 TI - Experimental studies of effects of acupuncture on enterochromaffin cells: guinea pig enterochromaffin cell count after electro-acupuncture. AB - Guinea pig acupuncture points located on the back of the animal, cranial and caudal to the last rib in the muscular groove between longissimus dorsi and iliocostalis, were treated by electro-acupuncture (EA). In the duodenum, when compared with the control, the EA-treated group showed a significant decrease of its enterochromaffin (EC) cell count. However, the sham-treated group also had a lower EC cell count compared to the control. Decreased EC counts were also observed in the jejunum and colon in both EA and sham treated groups; however, they were not significant except in the sham-treated colon. The present study demonstrated that in the normal guinea pigs electro-acupuncture on certain points tends to cause a decrease of the EC cell count in some parts of the gut; however, such results cannot be completely attributed to the effect of acupuncture. PMID- 7211749 TI - Catecholamine fluorescence and tissue culture morphology. Technics in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. AB - Neuroblastoma is often confused histologically with other small round cell tumors such as Ewing's sarcoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, and oat cell carcinoma, particularly at metastatic sites. Studies were performed to evaluate glyoxylic acid-induced catecholamine fluorescence as a rapid method for identifying neuroblastoma cells in biopsy specimens. The morphology of tumor explants in tissue culture was also evaluated for use as a diagnostic aid. Eighteen neuroblastomas were stained for catecholamines; 78% showed specific catecholamine fluorescence. Two ganglioneurons and a pheochromocytoma also showed positive catecholamine fluorescence. All 20 neuroblastomas placed in tissue culture demonstrated neurite outgrowth, a property that distinguishes neuroblastoma from other small round cell neoplasms. Seventeen nonneuroblastoma tumors displayed neither specific fluorescence nor neurite outgrowth. The ability of these two technics to identify neuroblastoma was compared with routine histology, urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) spot tests, quantitative urinary VMA and catecholamine assays, and electron microscopy. Only electron microscopy was as sensitive as fluorescence and morphology in culture. The fluorescence method is rapid and simple and provides a valuable tumor marker when positive. Neurite outgrowth in cell culture and electron microscopy, although more time consuming, were the most sensitive of all the diagnostic methods evaluated. PMID- 7211750 TI - Profiles of black and Latin-American patients having pernicious anemia. HLA antigens, lymphocytotoxic antibody, anti-parietal cell antibody serum gastrin levels, and ABO blood groups. AB - Because of the unusual presentation of pernicious anemia in many black women, a further characterization of this disease among the different racial groups was undertaken. The following were found. (1) Black women under the age of 50 years had a significantly lower prevalence of anti-parietal cell antibody than did "European" and Latin-American patients or even older black women. The disease in the younger black women resembles juvenile pernicious anemia in this respect. Blacks in general had a lower prevalence of anti-parietal cell antibody than did "Europeans" and Latin Americans, though the difference was not statistically significant. A particularly striking finding was that anti-parietal cell antibody occurred much less often than anti-intrinsic factor antibody among black patients. (2) An analysis of all published HLA data for patients of European origin indicated a weak association of pernicious anemia with HLA-B7. However, no antigen association among the black and Latin-American patients studied was found. HLA-DR typing, not previously reported even for whites, also showed no association. (3) Lymphocytotoxic antibody was equally increased in frequency in all racial groups. (4) Serum gastrin levels did not follow a racial pattern; however, women with pernicious anemia had much higher levels than did men. (5) Pernicious anemia was not associated with blood group A. PMID- 7211751 TI - Fusarium infection in burned patients. AB - The incidence of fungal infections of burn wounds is increasing because of the dramatic improvement in antibacterial chemotherapy and burn wound care. Species of Fusarium, common soil fungi and plant pathogens, are rarely isolated from burn wounds, and invasive disease due to these organisms is also rare. Therefore, a case of burn wound infection with dissemination due to F. oxysporum is reported; three other cases of burn wound colonization by Fusarium sp. are also reported. The literature on fungal infections of burn wounds is reviewed, and the importance of combined histologic and mycologic studies in the evaluation of such wounds is discussed. PMID- 7211752 TI - Computerized interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentration antimicrobic susceptibility testing. AB - Quantitative antimicrobic susceptibility tests by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) are becoming more and more prevalent in United States laboratories. Interpretation of MIC values is complex and should be considered as part of the laboratory service. This communication provides a simple computerized scheme for MIC interpretation that has been used for more than three years in the authors' laboratories. This computer algorithm provides a semigraphic output documenting relative susceptibility for a matrix of various dosages and sites of the body. Additional features, such as consideration of beta lactamase production for Staphylococcus aureus and toxic levels for aminoglycosides, are considered in this algorithm. In addition, the authors present a compendium of achievable levels for a comprehensive list of antimicrobics, together with literature reference documentation. PMID- 7211753 TI - The effects of age, smoking, and alcohol on routine laboratory tests. AB - The effects of age, smoking, and alcohol intake on the results of some routine hematology and clinical chemistry tests have been determined for a group of 1,826 healthy male workers. Increasing age was significantly associated with higher hemoglobin, hematocrit, SGOT, BUN, and creatinine levels and with lower total protein concentration, but there was no significant association with leukocyte count, total bilirubin, or alkaline phosphatase. Smoking was significantly associated with higher hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte count, and alkaline phosphatase, and with lower total bilirubin, SGOT, total protein, and BUN, but there was no significant association with creatinine levels. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with higher hematocrit, bilirubin, and SGOT and with lower BUN and creatinine, but there was no significant association with hemoglobin, leukocyte count, alkaline phosphatase, or total protein. The possible reasons for these effects, and their implications, are discussed. PMID- 7211754 TI - Localization of the B and M polypeptide subunits of creatine kinase in normal and neoplastic human tissues by an immunoperoxidase technic. AB - Measurements of the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase in serum may be useful in the diagnosis or monitoring of patients who have some types of cancer, and the distribution of creatine kinase isoenzymes in homogenates of certain sarcomas has been evaluated as an aid in the morphologic diagnosis of these neoplasms. The cellular distribution of the B and M polypeptide subunits of creatine kinase in normal and neoplastic tissues were evaluated by an immunoperoxidase technic to determine whether the BB isoenzyme is present in neoplastic epithelial cells and whether immunoperoxidase stains for these polypeptides are useful in microscopic diagnosis. The results indicated that the B polypeptide is distributed very widely in epithelial cells and that normal and neoplastic ductal epithelia from many tissues contain the BB isoenzyme. Normal and neoplastic acinar epithelia contained varying amounts of the B polypeptide, but usually less than ductal epithelia of the same tissues. Large amounts of the B polypeptide were found in tissue sections from malignant fibrous histiocytomas, and of the M polypeptide in sections from an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 7211755 TI - Megalocytic interstitial nephritis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and malakoplakia. An ultrastructural comparison. AB - Light-microscopic and ultrastructural examinations of megalocytic interstitial nephritis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and malakoplakia of the kidney were compared. The cases of megalocytic interstitial nephritis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis represent the first reported electron microscopic studies on human kidney of these diseases. The study confirmed the presence of a polymorphous cellular infiltrate with predominate histiocytes containing crystalloid material in the case of megalocytic interstitial nephritis; a polymorphous cellular infiltrate with histiocytes predominating in the case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis; and macrophages containing Michaelis-Gutmann bodies in the case of malakoplakia. The characteristic sites of involvement within the kidney by each of the three lesions are discussed. It is believed that the lesions are distinct entities, but related to one another, and represent varied and unusual host responses to inflammation. PMID- 7211757 TI - A word processor-based pathology reporting system. AB - This report describes a pathology report generating system based on a programmable word processing system (Wang OIS-140). The system supports printing of preliminary and final draft reports as well as automatically producing index cards for insertion into a file of previous procedures. Completed pathology reports can be archived on floppy disks if desired. The pathology system is part of a multistation "shared logic" word processing system that serves the needs of several hospital departments. The programming capabilities included in the word processor permit it to handle anatomic pathology reporting functions without the need for an associated general-purpose computer system. Experience with the system indicates that it has produced a 60% increase in the number of reports a secretory can produce compared with the previous system based on magnetic card typewriters. PMID- 7211756 TI - Mitotic activity in benign parathyroid disease. AB - Tissue sections from 17 cases of parathyroid adenoma and ten cases of parathyroid hyperplasia were examined for mitotic activity. Mitoses were identified in 12 of the 17 cases of parathyroid adenoma and in eight of the ten cases of parathyroid hyperplasia. Clinical follow-up of all patients, even the four patients in whom numerous mitoses were present, showed no evidence of recurrent or aggressive disease. Mitotic activity alone is an unreliable indicator of aggressive potential in parathyroid disease. PMID- 7211758 TI - High erythrocyte distribution values and possibilities of hemoglobinopathies. AB - Patients with hemoglobinopathies were observed to have high erythrocyte distribution widths. In a representative study of 800 patients, 31% of patients with high erythrocyte distribution widths were observed to have hemoglobinopathies by hemoglobin electrophoresis. The potential of erythrocyte distribution width as a means of incidental detection of hemoglobinopathies is discussed. PMID- 7211759 TI - Evaluation of erythrocyte washing using the Haemonetics Model 102 Cell Washer. AB - The Haemonetics Model 102 Cell Washer was evaluated for efficiency of leukocyte removal and erythrocyte recovery. Groups of 25 units of blood were washed using five different protocols, including the methods recommended by the manufacturer. Mean erythrocyte recovery ranged from 83% to 91% and median residual leukocytes ranged from 1% to 4% for the five protocols. The mean erythrocyte recovery for units washed with 30 sec of increased pump speed was 95%, while it was 84% for units washed with 90 sec of increased pump speed (P less than 0.001). The median residual leukocytes was 1% for units washed after buffy coat removal and 4% for all other units (P less than 0.001). There was no other significant difference among the different protocols. These findings could not be explained on the basis of age of units, prewash erythrocyte mass, or prewash total leukocytes. PMID- 7211760 TI - Determination of the oxygen dissociation curve and P50 of whole blood. An evaluation of the Hem-O-Scan and instrumentation of laboratory systems. AB - The Travenol Hem-O-Scan and the Instrumentation Laboratory (IL) system for determination of the oxygen dissociation curve and P50 values have been evaluated. Using the Hem-O-Scan, an oxygen dissociation curve and P50 value may be obtained on 2 microliter of blood in 40 min, though the pH is not measured. In the IL system, approximately 3 ml of blood is required to establish four points on the oxygen dissociation curve in 80 min, and pH data are available. Both systems give reproducible results for P50, giving standard deviations of 0.786 mm Hg for the Hem-O-Scan and 0.949 mm Hg for the IL system, compared with 1.740 mm Hg for the manual system. Good agreement was found between the manual method and Hem-O-Scan (t = 0.363, degrees of freedom = 19, 0.8 greater than P greater than 0.7; r = 0.892, P less than 0.001). There was also satisfactory agreement between the IL system and the Hem-O-Scan (t = 0.370, degrees of freedom = 20, 0.8 greater than P greater than 0.7; r = 0.760, P less than 0.001). P50 values obtained by the manual and by both automated technics agree well with published values. PMID- 7211763 TI - Ulcerative eosinophilic granuloma of the tongue. A light- and electron microscopic study. AB - Ulcerative eosinophilic granuloma of the tongue simulates histiocytosis X or cancerous lesions, and may be subjected to unnecessary excessive treatment. This case report illustrates its benign, self-limited nature, discussed the differential diagnosis, and postulates its pathogenesis on the basis of light- and electron-microscopic findings. PMID- 7211762 TI - Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma arising in the nasal fossa. Light- and electron microscopic observations. AB - Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that has been reported to involve most frequently the soft tissues of the lower extremity and the paravertebral region. This report describes the clinicopathologic features of a polypoid tumor arising from the soft tissue of the left middle turbinate in a 39 year-old man. Histologically, the neoplasm was composed of small, round to oval cells with scant cytoplasm that were arranged in sheets with multiple areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. The cytoplasm contained glycogen granules. Electron microscopy revealed cells with scant cytoplasm containing glycogen rosettes and a paucity of organelles. These histologic and ultrastructural features are those of both skeletal and soft-tissue Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 7211761 TI - Unusual amyloid bodies in human liver. AB - A case of globular amyloid in the liver is reported. The amyloid nature of the unusual deposits was established by special stains and electron microscopy. The significance of globular amyloid in the liver is unknown. Of the three cases reported in the world literature, none was clinically manifest. Two occurred in patients who had diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7211764 TI - Subungual keratoacanthoma. A benign bone-eroding neoplasm of the distal phalanx. AB - Subungual keratoacanthoma is a benign tumor of the fingers and toes that can simulate malignancy and present significant diagnostic problems for both the clinician and the pathologist. It is a rapidly growing nail-eroding tumor that may cause pain, swelling, and inflammation. Radiographs consistently demonstrate a lytic cup-shaped lesion of the tip of the distal phalanx, raising the question of malignancy. Because the lesion lacks the clinical appearance of keratoacanthoma of follicular origin, the diagnosis of keratoacanthoma may not be given clinical consideration. However, the histologic appearance of a central cavity filled with keratinous debris and lined by intensely keratinized, well differentiated neoplastic squamous epithelium mimics the appearance of keratoacanthoma of follicular origin. The subungual location of the tumor, rapid growth with pressure erosion of the tip of the distal phalanx, and typical histologic features define this keratoacanthoma of nail matrix origin as a distinct entity. Recognition of the entity is crucial if the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, which would lead to an unnecessary amputation, is to be avoided. Ultrastructurally, the keratinization process resembles that of normal nail matrix. PMID- 7211765 TI - Propionibacterium acnes infection following subdural tap. AB - The case of an infant who had subdural hematomas that became infected with Propionibacterium acnes is reported. This is the second reported case of intracranial Propionibacterium acnes infection resulting from diagnostic or therapeutic manipulation. PMID- 7211766 TI - American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Culture of a Leishmania species from peripheral blood leukocytes. AB - A Leishmania species was recovered in culture from the buffy coat of peripheral blood of a patient who had American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, although cultures of biopsy material from the skin lesions were unsuccessful. Blood culture has not previously been recommended in non-visceral leishmaniasis. The importance of recognizing this tropical disease is stressed. Blood culture may be useful in confirming the diagnosis. PMID- 7211768 TI - Factors affecting parent ratings of teacher-identified maladjusted inner-city children. AB - Demographic characteristics which moderate the extent to which parent ratings of child behavior problems discriminate inner-city children referred by teachers for adjustment problems from controls were studied. Demographic characteristics of interest were family source of income (welfare vs. nonwelfare), mother's educational level (ninth grade and above vs. below ninth grade), sex (male vs. female), and ethnicity (black vs. Chicano). The referred and control groups were subdivided by demographic characteristics and the effect of each on parent ratings were assessed using a series of two (referral) X two (demographic characteristic) analyses of variance. Interaction effects indicated that source of income and mother's educational level moderate the discrimination of referred versus control children on the parent rating scales. Parents reported more behavior problems for referred than control children for the nonwelfare and higher mother's education subsamples but not for the welfare or lower mother's education samples. No referral X demographic interactions were obtained for the sex or ethnicity variables. Implications of the findings for the design of school based secondary prevention programs are discussed. PMID- 7211767 TI - Community differences in conceptions of deviant behavior: an exploratory study of attitudes toward alcohol-related help sources. AB - This exploratory study examined the conceptions shared by members of geographically and socioeconomically defined communities toward help sources for alcohol problems. The larger hypothesis was that the social-psychological factors underlying the initial identification of deviance affects expectancies of and reactions to treatment facilities. Low socioeconomic status (SES) respondents were aware of fewer help sources or acquisition strategies than higher SES communities, and were more oriented toward community-based nonprofessional help sources. Low SES attitudes toward help sources were also less complex, and showed a substantial pattern of disfranchisement from traditional help sources. In contrast, higher SES respondents had a more comprehensive and positive conception of help sources, particularly higher status professional agencies, and felt familiar local help sources to be stigmatizing. Attitude factors found to be salient to these differences were respondents' familiarity and expected social embarrassment, and the extent to which a help source dealt with serious problems and exerted control over clients. PMID- 7211769 TI - The public's current beliefs about mental illness: serious obstacle to effective community psychology. AB - A demythologizing, educational approach to the community is outlined and recent empirical studies are summarized which demonstrate that beliefs in favor of the mental illness concept can be significantly changed. Such conceptual change, reflecting an acceptance of a psychosocial paradigm of psychological problems, apparently induces a seminar participants a number of desirable effects from a community psychology perspective: an increased positive image of the mental patient, increased positive self-attributions, decreased fear ratings of mental patients, and a decreased fear of becoming insane. The importance of these findings for community psychology is discussed. PMID- 7211771 TI - Wife beating and cultural context: prevalence in an aboriginal and islander community in Northern Australia. AB - Wife beating is generally condemned in Western society, but may be viewed differently by other cultures. The frequency of battered women in a small urban Australian Aboriginal population was studied through reports of indigenous paraprofessional behavioral health workers of the community. The findings indicated battering was a regular, routine occurrence not only of women referred for mental health problems, but for women of the entire community. The practice seems to have its origin in tribal traditions and is supported by social sanctions, and there are social pressures for women to remain with the men who beat them. It is also currently related to alcohol ingestion and a pervasive jealously and suspicion usually existing between conjugal couples. Intervention strategies should be based on understanding of the cultural context in which the beatings occur. PMID- 7211770 TI - Testing a model for the process of telephone crisis intervention. AB - A four-stage model of telephone helping was tested by rating 59 calls to a crisis intervention service. The rating instrument was the Crisis Call Interaction Form, a process measure with 19 behaviors in four categories: establishment of a helpful climate, assessment of the crisis, affect integration, and problem solution. Hypotheses stated that helper behaviors would vary differentially across portions (thirds) of calls. After controlling for length of call and within-call similarities, residual variances in each third of the calls were subjected to planned orthogonal comparisons. Hypotheses were generally supported: Climate decreased from first to middle third; assessment decreased in the last third; affect tended to be highest in the middle third; and problem solution increased steadily throughout the calls. However, helper behaviors from all categories were present in every portion of calls. The term "phase" was offered to replace the stage concept as a more fluid model of telephone crisis intervention. PMID- 7211772 TI - Neonatal myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7211773 TI - Histidinemia: biochemistry and behavior. PMID- 7211774 TI - The diagnosis of phenylketonuria: a commentary. PMID- 7211775 TI - Dose response of subcutaneous terbutaline and epinephrine in children with acute asthma. AB - In a double-blind dose response study in 26 children, 3, 6, or 12 microgram/kg of terbutaline sulfate was compared with 10 microgram/kg of epinephrine administered subcutaneously. In the first hour after injection, all doses of terbutaline and epinephrine resulted in improvement in mean clinical score, mean forced vital capacity, mean forced expiratory volume in the first second, and mean forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of vital capacity. Terbutaline epinephrine. However, while adverse effects following terbutaline were clinically imperceptible, epinephrine produced unpleasant headache and excitement in a few patients. Terbutaline did not change mean PaO2 or PaCO2 significantly in a subgroup of patients. The 12 microgram/kg dose of terbutaline was superior to 3 or 6 microgram/kg in relieving obstruction to airflow measured at the midportion of the vital capacity. This dose caused tremor in some children, but the tremor was not apparent to patients or their parents. PMID- 7211776 TI - Histidinemia: biochemical parameters for diagnosis. AB - A highly specific and sensitive procedure for determining histidase activity, with labeled histidine as the substrate, that requires only 1 to 2 mg of stratum corneum epidermidis has been developed. Methods for determining ratios of urocanic acid to histidine (U/H) in stratum corneum epidermidis and for measuring excretion of histidine and its metabolites by thin-layer chromatography were developed. Application of this triad--stratum corneum epidermidis histidase determination, measurement of stratum corneum U/H, and analysis of excretion of histidine metabolites--should facilitate evaluation of the condition of infants and young children with suspected histidinemia. Moreover, differentiation between patients with the classic form and genetic variants of the disorder should now be possible. PMID- 7211777 TI - Deep venous thrombosis and a circulating anticoagulant in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We describe deep venous thrombosis and a circulating anticoagulant in a male adolescent with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The association of deep vein thrombosis with SLE in a pediatric patient has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported. The circulating anticoagulant was characterized as a lupus type inhibitor. This was demonstrated by an abnormal partial thromboplastin time (PTT), the failure of the PTT to correct with the addition of an equal amount of normal plasma, and a positive tissue thromboplastin inhibitor test. Physicians should be aware that a circulating anticoagulant can be associated with SLE and that there may be a paradoxically increased incidence of thromboembolic phenomena in patients with this abnormality. PMID- 7211778 TI - Rheumatic fever in Nigerian children. A prospective study of 66 patients. AB - Sixty-six Nigerian children with rheumatic fever were studied between 1975 and 1979. Equal numbers of patients had acute and chronic disease. Carditis was the most common major manifestation, being present in 98% of the cases, whereas subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, and chorea were relatively rare. Twelve patients died within two years of the disease's appearance and eight have become unavailable for follow-up. Our findings resemble those from other tropical countries, in contrast with results from temperate countries: rheumatic fever manifests differently and rheumatic carditis runs a more fulminant course in a person from a tropical area. PMID- 7211779 TI - Furosemide use in premature infants and appearance of patent ductus arteriosus. AB - Furosemide is a known stimulant of the renal release of prostaglandin E2, a potent dilator of the ductus arteriosus. A possible relationship between furosemide use in infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was investigated using two different retrospective analyses. The amount of furosemide administered prior to the day a murmur was heard in the infants with PDA was higher than the amount given to patients without PDA during the same period. In a historical analysis of patients treated for RDS in the years 1970 through 1979, furosemide use and fluid intake appeared to be independent factors contributing to the incidence of PDA. The proposed relationship between furosemide use and the occurrence of PDA in patients with RDS warrants further study. PMID- 7211780 TI - Toxic shock in the teenage patient. AB - The toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a newly described syndrome. It affects predominantly teenage girls and young women at or around the time of their menstrual period. There is fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and profound shock with mental confusion, decreased renal function, and a scarlatiniform rash that later desquamates. Rapid recognition and vigorous fluid therapy is essential. There is a relationship of menses, Staphylococcus aureus, and the use of tampons in the etiology of this new syndrome. PMID- 7211781 TI - Tumoral calcinosis in an infant. AB - Tumoral calcinosis is a disease characterized by large, calcified, painless masses, usually near joints, in otherwise healthy children and young adults. Biochemical findings are normal except for an association with hyperphosphatemia. A familial and racial predisposition is seen, with most cases affecting blacks. This disease is believed to represent an unknown inherited abnormality in phosphate metabolism. Because of the tendency of the masses to recur after incomplete excision, the recommended treatment is early and complete excision. Phosphate binders may be useful in certain cases. PMID- 7211785 TI - Transcutaneous Po2 electrode malfunction resulting in a third-degree burn. PMID- 7211783 TI - Rehospitalization of the very-low-birth-weight infant. A continuum of perinatal and environmental morbidity. AB - To evaluate ongoing morbidity, a prospective follow-up study was undertaken of the frequency and causes of rehospitalization of very-low-birth-weight infants (less than 1,500 g) during the first year of life. In 1977, 90 very-low-birth weight infants were discharged after an average of 62 days' hospitalization. Thirty required rehospitalization on 51 occasions during the first year, for reasons including continuing care of chronic conditions related to the initial neonatal hospitalization (16), respiratory and other infections (14), inguinal herniorrhaphy (13), caretaking disorders (five), and other causes (three). Infants at highest risk for rehospitalization included those with chronic conditions and/or those with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. These data reconfirm the continuing toll of perinatal morbidity among very-low-birth-weight infants and emphasize the medical and social responsibility for a systematic program of follow-up for these high-risk infants. PMID- 7211784 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a preliminary pediatric experience. PMID- 7211786 TI - Intraepithelial lymphocytes before and after gluten challenge in children with celiac disease. PMID- 7211787 TI - Congenital candidiasis. PMID- 7211782 TI - Endocrine function in children with intrasellar and suprasellar neoplasms: before and after therapy. AB - The records of 23 children with intrasellar and suprasellar neoplasms were reviewed for the results of endocrine evaluations before and after treatment with surgery, irradiation, and/or chemotherapy. Deficiency of at least one pituitary hormone was present in 13 patients before treatment and in 22 patients after treatment. Growth hormone deficiency, the most common endocrine abnormality in the pretreatment period, was present in 12 of 17 patients before treatment and in 17 of 21 patients after treatment. In the posttreatment period, thyroid stimulating hormone deficiency was as common as growth hormone deficiency and was found in 17 of 21 patients evaluated. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction and deficiencies of adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone also occurred in both the pretreatment and posttreatment periods, but were less common. PMID- 7211788 TI - Outbreak of staphylococcal infections following heel puncture for blood sampling. PMID- 7211790 TI - Real-time ultrasonography. Its use in the evaluation of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. AB - We used real-time cranial ultrasonography to diagnose intracranial hemorrhage and to follow the development and resolution of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in a premature infant. This technique is a bedside procedure that provides detailed imaging of intracranial pathology in newborn infants, without removing them from their incubators or exposing them to ionizing radiation. PMID- 7211789 TI - Nail hyperpigmentation secondary to therapy with doxorubicin. AB - Hyperpigmentation of the fingernails can occur during therapy with doxorubicin (Adriamycin). Two patterns are common: diffuse, and transversely banded. The pigment is believed to be melanin, and both patterns disappeared with discontinuation of therapy and subsequent nail growth. PMID- 7211791 TI - Zinc nutritional status, androgens, and growth retardation. AB - Zinc levels were measured in hair and serum of boys with constitutional growth delay and familial short status and in several boys before and after oral administration of methyltestosterone. These results show the following: (1) zinc levels in boys beyond stage 3 of genital development are significantly higher than in stage 1 and 2; (2) there is a linear relationship between zinc levels and serum testosterone concentration (up to 250 ng/dL); and (3) methyltestosterone administration raised the zinc concentration in serum and hair, especially in boys with constitutional growth delay. Therefore, increased endogenous production or exogenous supply of testosterone are associated with increased zinc levels. We speculate that the relative testosterone deficiency and hypogonadotropism seen in constitutional growth delay may result in decreased zinc levels, which in turn could cause a further delay in the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics and greater growth retardation. PMID- 7211793 TI - Somatic growth failure in infants related to artifact and error. AB - Growth failure in infants may be diagnosed erroneously because of artifact, error, or both. Assuming that all full-term infants have the same gestational age creates an artifact that is confounded further by errors in measurement of birth length. Crown-heel lengths of 77 while full-term newborns born at the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, were plotted on standard National Center for Health Statistics postnatal growth chart percentiles appropriate for sex, both with and without regard for gestational age. By the end of the first postnatal year, significantly fewer downward shifts in the growth curves occurred when fetal age was considered in the location of birth percentiles, according to tables by Miller and Merritt. To avoid confusion in interpretation of downward shifts in infants' growth patterns, we recommend that accurate crown-heel lengths be obtained at birth and plotted according to gestational age whenever possible. PMID- 7211792 TI - Effect on growth in pemoline-treated children with attention deficit disorder. AB - The growth of 22 children with attention deficit disorder (ADD) was monitored longitudinally for up to four years. Each child received at least one year of continuous, successful pemoline (Cylert) therapy, after which drug "vacations" were allowed. The effective dosage of pemoline ranged from 56 to 150 mg/day during the first year of treatment. Stature and weight measurements at six-month intervals were matched to those of paired "normal" children from the Fels Longitudinal Study. Significant deficits were observed for mean weight change at six and 12 months after baseline, and for mean stature change at 12 and 18 months after baseline. However, all subsequent six-month results up to four years did not differ significantly between the two groups. These results show a temporary retardation in the rate of growth in weight and stature with later catch-up growth in children treated wih pemoline. PMID- 7211794 TI - Actinomycosis. A cause of pulmonary and mediastinal mass lesions in children. AB - Two patients with intrathoracic actinomycosis were examined. One child was asymptomatic and had a slowly expanding lesion in the left upper lobe. The other child had a chronic illness with back pain, weight loss, amenorrhea, and a posterior mediastinal mass. Establishing the cause of these lesions and making the distinction between a neoplastic process and infection were particularly difficult in both cases. Intrathoracic actinomycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary and mediastinal mass lesions. PMID- 7211795 TI - Supervision of pediatric trainees in biosocial pediatrics. A survey of graduate programs. AB - To assess the current state of supervisory methods in biosocial pediatrics, fellowship programs in ambulatory pediatrics (AP), adolescent medicine (AM), and behavioral pediatrics/child development (BP/CD) were surveyed. Fifty-eight responses (98%) were analyzed. Forty-five percent of programs dealt extensively with behavioral pediatric problems. The AM and BP/CD fellowships were more psychosocially oriented than the AP programs. Ninety-two percent of AM and 82% of BP/CD programs used a formal supervisory style, but 48% of AP programs relied solely on unscheduled supervision. Direct observation or audiovisual tapes were used by only 57% of the programs. Significantly fewer AP programs used such objective methods. Supervision of biosocial pediatric programs should be formalized and include direct observation or audiovisual tapes. PMID- 7211796 TI - Results of a survey of pediatric clerkship programs in American medical schools. AB - Pediatric clerkship coordinators from 119 medical schools responded to a questionnaire about administration, resources, goals, instructional design, evaluation, and perceived strengths and weaknesses of their own programs. Problems were reported in the definition of objectives, the evaluation of students' knowledge, interviewing and physical-examination skills, and problem solving ability. A dedicated faculty and house staff interested in teaching and a large and varied patient population were perceived as strengths of many programs. Weaknesses cited included a lack of uniformity in students' experience, insufficient time spent on the pediatric clerkship, too many students with decreased faculty contact, overemphasis on tertiary care, an inadequate ambulatory experience, lack of specific objectives, and unsystematic evaluation methods. It is hoped that this survey will provide an impetus for further fruitful exchanges among clerkship directors. PMID- 7211797 TI - Hydrocele after ventriculoperitoneal shunting. AB - Hydroceles were noted in six patients who had ventriculoperitoneal shunts at less than 1 year of age. These took a few days to several months to develop. The incidence was 7% in girls and 23% in boys less than 1 year of age. Hydrocephalus was especially severe in the older patients in the group. In one case, the hydroceles cleared spontaneously when a peritoneal catheter was removed. A patent processus vaginalis may allow development of a hydrocele in the face of increased intra-abdominal fluid and pressure. The catheter position may be important, and it is possible that CSF alters the absorbing properties of the peritoneum and also prevents closure of the processus vaginalis. PMID- 7211799 TI - Subglottic stenosis in newborn intensive care unit graduates. AB - Five infants with postintubation subglottic stenosis were identified among 64 intubated patients in a follow-up clinic. The presence of laryngeal lesions was not suspected until three weeks to three months after discharge from their initial hospitalization. The onset of stridor, often precipitated by respiratory illness, led to the diagnosis, which in one case was delayed for as long as three months. No correlation was found between the presence of the severity of laryngeal pathology and the gestational age of the infants or the duration of intubation in this study. In spite of the precautions taken for the intubation of neonates requiring assisted ventilation, subglottic stenosis may develop in these infants and should always be considered in newborn intensive care unit graduates when they manifest refractory or recurrent respiratory obstruction in the first year of life. Routine follow-up of all intubated neonates to detect subglottic stenosis is recommended. PMID- 7211798 TI - Hemodynamic and ECG responses to exercise in children with sickle cell anemia. AB - To determine whether exercise responses are different from normal in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), we performed dynamic cycle ergometer exercise testing in 47 patients with SCA, aged 5 to 18 years, and 170 healthy, black age matched control subjects. Seven (15%) of the patients with SCA had definitely ischemic, 16 (34%) had equivocally ischemic, and 24 (51%) had nonischemic ECG responses. Resting heart rate in the three groups of patients with SCA was higher than control values. Maximum exercise heart rate attained was lowest in the definitely ischemic group. All patients with SCA had decreased blood pressure responses and maximum working capacity when compared with control subjects. Hemoglobin concentration was lowest in the definitely ischemic group and correlated with maximum workload. Long-term myocardial ischemia may lead to fibrosis and the decreased myocardial contractility seen in adult patients with SCA. PMID- 7211800 TI - Radiological case of the month. PMID- 7211801 TI - Picture of the month: fetal hydantoin syndrome. PMID- 7211802 TI - Tissue copper concentrations of patients with Menke's kinky hair disease. PMID- 7211803 TI - Unusual manifestations of chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 7211806 TI - Paroxysmal dystonia. PMID- 7211804 TI - Intracerebral hemorrhage in a term newborn with hyperviscosity. PMID- 7211805 TI - Late-onset lymphedema complicated by pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and pleural effusions. PMID- 7211807 TI - Beau's lines in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. PMID- 7211808 TI - False-normal radionuclide scans for osteomyelitis. PMID- 7211809 TI - Prevention of medication errors in pediatrics. PMID- 7211810 TI - Systolic time interval in infants and children with primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 7211811 TI - Modification of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) septic complications by the addition of an antibiotic to the contrast media. Randomized controlled investigation. AB - We studied the efficacy of gentamicin or placebo to decrease the incidence of septic complications after ERCP in 61 inpatients with possible pancreatic or biliary tract disease. The antibiotic or placebo was added to the Renograffin-60 contrast media and the study was conducted in a randomized controlled fashion. There were 29 patients who received gentamicin and 32 patients who were in the placebo group. No patient received parenteral antibiotic prior to, during, or after the ERCP unless a septic complication developed and each was followed daily with complete blood counts and oral temperatures. The incidence of febrile episodes in the gentamicin group was one (3%). All blood cultures were negative. One patient (3%) in the placebo group developed a febrile episode with subsequent blood cultures growing Escherichia coli. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of septic episodes between the two study groups. The results of this study demonstrate that the incidence of septic complications during ERCP is not modified by the addition of gentamicin to the contrast media. PMID- 7211812 TI - Gastric carcinoma in young people. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A 25-year old woman presented with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, a leucoerythroblastic peripheral blood picture and a benign appearing gastric ulcer. Bone marrow trephine biopsy revealed metastatic mucin producing adenocarcinoma and gastroscopy with biopsy confirmed a gastric primary. Combination chemotherapy provided temporary symptomatic improvement but the patient expired seven months later. A review of gastric carcinoma in patients less than 30 years old is given. Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease are common and radiographs may demonstrate benign appearing gastric ulcers. Carcinoma is infrequently suspected and delays in diagnosis may contribute to a poor prognosis. PMID- 7211813 TI - Blood mercaptan and ammonia concentrations in cirrhotics after a protein load. AB - Measurements of blood ammonia and methanethiol were made in 17 moderate or severe alcoholic cirrhotics without overt hepatic encephalopathy under fasting conditions and 2, 3 1/2 and 5 hours after ingestion of a hamburger containing 80 gm. protein. At every time interval the average blood methanethiol in the cirrhotics was significantly higher than in 11 normal controls. The average blood ammonia in the cirrhotics was also higher than in the controls but only at five hours was the difference statistically significant. Fasting blood ammonia and methanethiol values were not strikingly effective in separating the normals and cirrhotics. After the protein load, however, the peak values of these measurements completely separated the cirrhotics from normals on a two dimensional plot of methanethiol vs. ammonia. In our sample of patients, the peak postprotein load measurements were not effective in predicting which cirrhotics may develop overt encephalopathy. Utilization of the area under the curve of values obtained after the protein load did not appreciably improve on the results with the single peak value. PMID- 7211814 TI - Postoperative complications after right colonic resections for inflammatory bowel disease and carcinoma. AB - We have compared the postoperative course of patients undergoing right colonic resections for both carcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The records of 100 patients with IBD (average age 29) and 85 patients with carcinoma (average age 71) were reviewed. There was a mortality rate of 2.4% in the carcinoma group and 0% in the IBD group. Complications in the carcinoma group (36%) were mainly due to systemic problems, while in the IBD group the complications (28%) were mainly abdominal. The postoperative stay for both groups was similar with a mean stay of 15 days. The high rate of abdominal complications in the IBD was attributed to the increased incidence of infection in this group while the high rate of systemic complications in the carcinoma group was thought to be due to the old age of this group. The relatively high percentage of complications in both groups led to a generally prolonged hospital stay. PMID- 7211815 TI - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with hepatic eosinophilic granulomas. Report of a case with 30-year follow-up. AB - A patient with eosinophilic gastroenteritis of 30 years' duration is presented. During the course of the illness, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, diarrhea and hepatic giant cell granulomas with surrounding eosinophilia were noted. The differential diagnosis of the granulomatous lesion is discussed. The patient's initially serious but subsequently benign illness illustrates the diverse manifestations of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. The need for a cautious therapeutic approach to the disorders of eosinophilia and organ infiltration is emphasized. PMID- 7211816 TI - Symptomatic benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the terminal ileum in an adult. AB - An immunocompetent adult male was found to have obstructive lymphoid hyperplasia of the terminal ileum. The lesion persisted without malignant change for at least one year. Following surgical resection he had symptomatic relief. PMID- 7211817 TI - Nephrotic syndrome in a patient with ulcerative colitis and colonic carcinoma. AB - A 27-year old man with a long history of ulcerative colitis developed a nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy revealed a minimal change lesion and further evaluation revealed that the patient had colonic carcinoma. Total colectomy and a course of prednisone were followed by a complete and lasting remission of the nephrotic syndrome. To our knowledge this is the first recorded case of minimal change nephrotic syndrome occurring in a patient with ulcerative colitis and colonic carcinoma. PMID- 7211818 TI - Necrotizing amebic colitis with pseudomembrane formation. AB - We report a case of necrotizing amebic colitis with the sigmoidoscopic finding of a confluent, grayish pseudomembrane. The patient was referred from a chronic mental institution, which represents the patient population most susceptible to fulminant amebic dysentery in the United States. The pseudomembrane was a reflection of extensive mucosal necrosis and resolved with amebicidal therapy. PMID- 7211819 TI - Unusual presentation of metastatic carcinoma to the small bowel. PMID- 7211820 TI - Plasma glucose level related to blood pressure in 272 children, ages 7-15 years, sampled from a total biracial population. AB - Since a positive association between blood pressure and plasma glucose level in child populations has been observed previously, we studied this relationship in a stratified random sample of children ages 7-15 years drawn from a total geographic population. We stratified this population (N = 3524) by diastolic blood pressure and weighted the extreme strata. The sample of children (N = 272) was free of secondary hypertensives and was tested by a restricted glucose tolerance test. As a parameter of cellular glucose kinetics, a "peripheral insulin resistance" was defined as one-hour glucose (mg/dl) X one-hour insulin (microU/ml). For white boys, this product showed an increase from 2745 in the low blood pressure strata to 6615 in the high blood pressure strata. To assess the relationship between blood pressure measured during the reexamination and fasting plasma glucose level, we classified the children according to their peripheral insulin resistance in a low, medium, and high group. After controlling for body weight, only white children in the high blood pressure strata with high insulin resistance had a positive association between fasting plasma glucose and systolic blood pressure. The relationship may be initiated by inappropriate intravascular water retention influencing the blood pressure in children with high peripheral insulin resistance and susceptible to hypertension. PMID- 7211821 TI - Risk factors for fatal heart attack in young women. AB - Deaths of 338 women at ages 15-44 years attributed to myocardial infarction (MI) on death certificates during an 18-month period in five metropolitan areas were investigated. Evidence of recent MI or evidence that death occurred suddenly was obtained for about half (163) from records of hospitals or medical examiners or from relatives. A case-control study (involving one deceased control, and one hospitalized living control) of risk factors for heart attack was then conducted using interviews with relatives and abstracts of records of hospitals and physicians identified by the relatives as sources of medical care. Information was obtained on history of prior MI, other heart disease, diabetes, thromboembolism, stroke, hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, oophorectomy, oral contraception and cigarette smoking. Data are presented on the prevalence of these potential risk factors for the case group and each control group, and for subsets of cases consisting of those without prior heart disease, definite MI only, sudden death only, and white women only. Multivariate analyses identify somewhat different sets of risk factors and different levels of risk for the various subgroups. In general, the risk factors are those that have been reported for men, despite the major difference in level of mortality. PMID- 7211822 TI - High blood pressure and 17-year cancer mortality in the Western Electric Health Study. AB - A positive association between elevated blood pressure and risk of death from cancer has been observed in four long-term prospective studies. In the Western Electric Health Study, the relationship was specific to death from renal cell carcinomas and epidermoid cancers of the head and neck. The relationship with epidermoid head and neck cancer was indirect, resulting from the effects of alcohol consumption on both blood pressure and on risk of this cancer. The relationship with kidney cancer was probably due to effects of abnormal renal cell activity. The association between blood pressure and cancer mortality at other sites was not significant. PMID- 7211823 TI - Relationships of education and occupation to coronary heart disease risk factors in school children and adults: the Princeton School District Study. PMID- 7211824 TI - Community pathology of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease: post mortem serum cholesterol and extent of coronary atherosclerosis. AB - Little is known about the direct relationship between serum cholesterol and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis in human populations even though the association of serum cholesterol levels with risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) is well documented. The results of this study of men 25-44 years of age, residents of Orleans Parish, Louisiana, show a significant relationship between post mortem serum cholesterol levels and extent of more advanced lesions (raised lesions) in the coronary arteries in 110 autopsied white men, but not in the cases of 221 autopsied black men. When disease categories comprising CHD cases and non-CHD cases (basal group) were evaluated, the racial difference in the cholesterol-lesion associations persisted. The reason for the racial difference in the observed cholesterol-lesion association is not clear. Additional research, where younger age groups are included, and considering earlier lesions and other risk factors in different environments may help in clearing this question. PMID- 7211825 TI - Age-specific trends in mortality from ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Australia. AB - Analysis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease mortality rates in Australia shows that: first, deaths from IHD increased from 1950 to the mid-1960s with successive cohorts experiencing higher mortality rates. Around 1967 this trend stopped simultaneously in men over 35 years and women over 45 years and mortality rates from IHD began to decline at similar rates throughout the population. Second, deaths from cerebrovascular disease have declined in both sexes and all age groups over 35 years throughout the period 1950-1978. This change has been more pronounced for women than men. Third, the relative frequency of IHD and cerebrovascular disease as the cause of death has changed in women. IHD has become the more frequent cause of death in the older age groups. More recently this change in relative frequency has occurred in younger women as well. PMID- 7211827 TI - Handwashing to prevent diarrhea in day-care centers. AB - Diarrhea has been recognized as a frequent health problem among children enrolled in day-care centers. Thus, we evaluated the effect of a handwashing program in two day-care centers (HWC) on the incidence of diarrhea among children when compared to children in two control centers (CC). After the program was begun, the incidence of diarrhea at the HWC began to fall and after the second month of the study was consistently lower than that at the CC. The incidence of diarrhea in the HWC was approximately half that of the CC for the entire 35-week study period. Adenoviruses, rotavirus, Giardia lamblia, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli were found in the stools of a small number of ill children, but not pathogen was identified in the stools of most children with diarrhea. These results suggest that a handwashing program will probably prevent at least some of the diarrhea in day-care centers. PMID- 7211828 TI - On the distortion of risk estimates in multiple exposure level case-control studies. AB - The impact of error in assessing exposure to hypothesized pathogens on distortion of the appearance of relative risk is considered in the case-control study design. We assume there is a true dose-response relationship which links exposure to disease status. We also assume that multiple categories are used to classify levels of exposure, and that the errors which occur are those between adjacent exposure categories. The findings suggest that, if the pattern of errors is random, even though they are numerous, the resulting bias in risk will not be severe enough to mask a substantial risk increment. A large and consistent understatement of exposure by cases, and/or consistent overstatement of exposure by controls, can effectively mask even a strong pattern of risk enhancement. To produce the appearance of risk where there is none would require a substantial error in the opposite direction among the cases and controls. PMID- 7211826 TI - National study of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide residues in human milk, USA. I. Geographic distribution of dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, chlordane, oxychlordane, and mirex. AB - Human milk samples obtained from 1436 women residing in the United States were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography for the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides--dieldrin, chlordane, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane and Mirex. Dieldrin was found above the detection limit (1.0 ppb) in over 80% of all the samples collected. Chlordane was not found in any of the 1436 milk samples but its metabolite, oxychlordane, was found above the detection limit in 74% of the samples. Although heptachlor was recovered in less than 2% of the samples, its metabolite, heptachlor epoxide, was found above the detection limit in 63% of the samples. It was of considerable interest that Mirex was not positively identified in any of the samples. The proportion of samples with values above the detection limit for dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide and oxychlordane varied significantly among the five geographic regions with the southeastern United States having the highest mean residue level for each of these three contaminants. For the United States the mean fat adjusted residue levels of those samples above the detection limit were 164.2 ppb for dieldrin, 91.4 ppb for heptachlor epoxide, and 95.8 ppb for oxychlordane. PMID- 7211830 TI - Re: study of seasonality. PMID- 7211829 TI - The validity of approximation methods for interval estimation of the odds ratio. AB - The validity of a confidence interval is determined by the probability that the random interval covers the true parameter value. A valid interval will have coverage probabilities at least as large as the confidence coefficient for all values of the parameter. The validity of three methods for constructing an approximate confidence interval on the odds ratio parameter for 2 X 2 tables is examined in the conditional hypergeometric sampling situation. Two examples are shown for which Cornfield's method is seen to be valid over a fairly wide range of true odds ratios, while the methods of Miettinen and Woolf are often found to be invalid. A number of other examples are studied with qualitatively similar results. PMID- 7211831 TI - Re: "alternative data sources and discrepant results in case-control studies of estrogens and endometrial cancer". PMID- 7211832 TI - Re: "effects of misclassification on statistical inferences in epidemiology". PMID- 7211833 TI - Sialic acid content of erythrocytes in normal individuals and patients with certain hematologic disorders. AB - The sialic acid content of erythrocytes from healthy individuals of different blood types and of patients with known hematological disorders has been determined. The sialic acid was completely released enzymatically with sialidase and quantitated by the thiobarbituric acid method. The sialic acid content of erythrocytes was constant irrespective of ABO blood type, or anticoagulant used; viz, 0.85-0.92 mumoles/ml of packed erythrocytes or 46-53 X 10(6) sialyl residues per cell. Deviations from these normal values were obtained with erythrocytes from patients with a variety of hematological disorders. Patients with the following disorders have significantly (P less than 0.01) lower sialic acid values compared to erythrocytes from healthy individuals (given in the order of decreasing sialic acid content): sickle cell anemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphocytic lymphoma, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, leukemia, and Hodgkin disease. PMID- 7211835 TI - Polycythemia vera in childhood: case report and review of the literature. AB - A patient presented at 5 years of age with polycythemia vera. He subsequently developed splenic infarctions and died at 20 years of age following cerebral hemorrhage and infarctions. Two months before his death, he developed hypertension and had biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism and possibly pheochromocytoma. Only nine reported childhood cases of polycythemia vera fulfill the criteria of the Polycythemia Vera Study Group. These cases are summarized and the complications discussed. Although none have progressed to myeloid metaplasia or acute leukemia, these patients are at risk of developing thrombo-hemorrhagic complications; available evidence indicates that they should be managed to keep the hematocrit between 40 and 45%. PMID- 7211834 TI - In vitro steroid sensitivity testing: a possible means to predict response to therapy in primary hypoproliferative anemia. AB - We investigated the effects of various steroids on erythroid colony formation by normal human bone marrow and peripheral blood, and by marrow and peripheral blood from 18 patients with primary hypoproliferative anemia. These agents were variously found to enhance both CFU-E and BFU-E derived colony growth by normal human cells. Fluoxymesterone and dexamethasone were the most active inducers of CFU-E proliferation, and etiocholanolone and dexamethasone were the most potent burst augmenters. Androsterone did not significantly influence BFU-E proliferation in 66% of the marrow cultures from hematologically normal donors. Colony formation by erythroid progenitor cells of the patients with hypoproliferative anemia was reduce (20 +/- 10 CFU-E derived colonies/6 X 10(4) marrow cells; 12 +/- 5 BFU-E derived colonies/1 X 10(5) blood cells) when compared to growth by normal cells (65 +/- 14 CFU-E derived colonies/6 X 10(4) marrow cells; 21 +/- 9 BFU-E derived colonies/1 X 10(5) blood cells). Colony formation by marrow or peripheral blood cells of eight patients with steroid responsive anemia was only moderately reduced (26 +/- 11 CFU-E derived colonies/6 +/- 10(4) marrow cells; 17 +/- 3 BFU-E derived colonies/1 X 10(5) blood cells) when compared to growth by marrow cells of three steroid-unresponsive patients (3 +/- 1.5 CFU-E derived colonies/6 X 10(4) cells). Whereas the addition of steroids of the same class to marrow and peripheral blood cultures of the steroid responsive patients enhanced colony growth by 60-300%, their addition to marrow cultures of the steroid-unresponsive patients increased colony growth by less than 60%. It appears that further investigations using in vitro culture techniques as predictors of response to steroid therapy in patients with hypoproliferative anemia may be warranted. PMID- 7211836 TI - Granulocytopenia with marked lymphocytosis manifesting Sjogren syndrome. AB - Sjogren syndrome is a multi-system disease leading to diverse organ involvement during its course [1, 2]. Hematologic abnormalities described in Sjogren syndrome include anemia, mild leukopenia [3, 4], eosinophilia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypergammaglobulinemia, mixed cryoglobulinemia, and a variety of autoantibodies [5]. Marked lymphocytosis with granulocytopenia is distinctly unusual and has not been previously reported. We report a case of Sjogren syndrome who presented with constellation of the latter problems without prominent sicca manifestations. PMID- 7211837 TI - Low frequency hereditary deafness in man with childhood onset. AB - A large kindred of hereditary deaf affected with a progressive sensorineural loss that begins during childhood with the low audiologic frequencies is described. Deafness progresses slowly through adolescence, when losses of up to 70 decibels are often detected. Affected adults present profound losses at all frequencies. Genetically, this deafness is transmitted as a simple, dominant, and autosomal mutation. No associated abnormalities have been detected in studies involving medical examinations, care histories, quantitation of several blood serum components, electrocardiograms, electrophoretograms, and karyotypes. PMID- 7211838 TI - Is the doubly deleted alpha-thalassemia gene a "fugitive" allele? AB - The alpha-thalassemias (particularly in Asia) can be considered as a three-allele system, with one "normal" allele (N) consisting of a pair of closely linked alpha chain loci, a second "single" allele (S) in which one of the loci has been lost by deletion, and a third "double" allele (D) in which both have been lost. Representatives of all the sets of fitnesses leading to the maintenance of this condition by selection for malaria resistance have been explored, and after the discarding of unlikely sets of fitnesses, it is found that there will be three outcomes: (1) the S chromosome is fixed, (2) the S and N chromosomes form a stable polymorphism, and (3) the N and D chromosomes form a stable polymorphism, but this can be lost and the population forced to fixation by the introduction of sufficiently large number of S chromosomes. Some Melanesian populations appear to have reached outcome (1), while frequencies in African, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern populations are not incompatible with outcome (2). Southeast Asian populations, however, which carry S and D chromosomes in high frequency, may be in a state of flux. The D chromosome may form a polymorphism with N locally, but it can be driven from the local population by the introduction of large numbers of S chromosomes. The D chromosome would thus be somewhat analogous to a fugitive species, which can only exist in certain transient environments and is displaced as the environment changes. The possibility that N, S, and D are coexisting as a stable polymorphism can almost certainly be ruled out by a consideration of fitness sets required. PMID- 7211839 TI - Association of certain human leukocyte antigens with nephropathic cystinosis in the absence of linkage between these loci. AB - The HLA phenotypes of 41 patients (22 males and 19 females) with classical nephropathic cystinosis were analyzed and compared with those reported from a control group of 1,465 Americans of Caucasian origin. There was a significantly increased association of cystinosis with HLA B7, and a reduced association with A9. The calculated A3B7 and A1B7 haplotypes were also significantly increased in cystinosis. Lod score analysis of five families indicated that linkage between the gene(s) for cystinosis and the HLA loci is unlikely. While associations of other genetic diseases with specific HLA types should be sought, such relationships, as documented here, do not imply true genetic linkage. PMID- 7211841 TI - Structured exploratory data analysis (SEDA) for determining mode of inheritance of quantitative traits. I. Simulation studies on the effect of background distributions. AB - We examine through simulations the effectiveness of a new methodology to help distinguish among monogenic, multifactorial, and sporadic trait transmission from parents to offspring in nuclear family data sets. The major gene index (MGI), which compares the deviation of the offspring from the midparental value with a function of the individual deviations between parents and offspring, aids in the discrimination of multifactorial from sporadic and monogenic models. In contrast with other methodologies, the ability of the MGI to separate multifactorial, monogenic, and sporadic models improves with increased skewness in the trait distribution. The midparental correlation coefficient serves as a further guide for indicating mode of inheritance. A new class of techniques, the offspring between parents function (OBP), is introduced that provides a more sensitive tool to help in assessing mode of transmission through the analysis of the level, shape, and undulation characteristics of the curves. Four data examples are used to illustrate the methodology: erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity, height, weight, and triglyceride measurements. Height appears largely multifactorial, and weight appears to be mostly sporadic, while COMT and triglyceride measurements suggest the presence of some major gene influences. PMID- 7211842 TI - structured exploratory data analysis (SEDA) for determining mode of inheritance of quantitative traits. II. simulation studies on the effect of ascertaining families through high-valued probands. AB - An understanding of the effect of selecting families through a high-valued proband on the major gene index (MGI), the offspring between parents function (OBP), and the pairwise midparental correlation coefficient (MPCC) is developed. It is shown that the interpretations of these statistics must be carefully modified to adjust for the biases created by the selection criteria. Computer simulations are used to examine sporadic, multifactorial, and major gene models, under moderate (85%) and extreme (95%) proband selection. Additional insights may be acquired into the nature of mode of inheritance by comparing and contrasting selected and unselected of populations. PMID- 7211840 TI - Study of two cases of ring 13 chromosome using high-resolution banding. AB - The chromosomes of two patients with ring 13 (r13) were studied using high resolution RBG banding of prometaphase cells. The rings of the two patients differ slightly in breakpoints. Cell with multiple single, double-sized rings, quadruple-sized rings, rod- and ring-shaped fragments, and fragments showing varied states of condensation were seen, as were cells monosomic for chromosome 13. The evolution of these cell lines as a result of sister chromatid exchange, nondisjunction, ring breakage, and premature chromosome condensation is discussed. Clinical features of these patients reflect the heterogeneity of phenotype for r13 patients. Each case includes a feature of trisomy 13. The significance of mosaicism of cell lines in patients bearing ring chromosomes is considered with respect to variation in clinical findings. PMID- 7211843 TI - Estimation of environmental and genetic components of quantitative traits with application to serum cholesterol levels. AB - A mixed model of environmental, polygenic, and major locus effects is developed, allowing for environmental correlations between first-degree relatives and spouses. Maximum-likelihood techniques are used to determine the relative contributions of each of these effects to a quantitative trait. Inclusion of a nuclear family in the sample is assumed to depend on the value of the quantitative trait of one member of the family, so conditional distributions are used. Application of the method to serum cholesterol data from the general population shows that the addition of a polygenic effect to a model that assumes only an environmental effect makes a significant improvement. A completely dominant single gene is also found to be influencing serum cholesterol levels. Although cholesterol levels have been adjusted for a range of factors, such as age, sex, weight/height, and marital status, environmental factors still account for about half the variability in the residual values. PMID- 7211844 TI - Segregation analysis of congenital glaucoma: approach by two differential models. AB - To determine the mode of inheritance of congenital glaucoma, segregation analysis was performed using two different models: the transmission probability model and the mixed model. Whereas the latter, testing for monogenic inheritance in the presence of both monogenic and polygenic components, results in strong evidence for a major locus, the former, testing for Mendelian segregation at one locus, rejects this hypothesis. The differences in the results of these two models are discussed and are attributed to the underlying structure of each. Genetic heterogeneity of congenital glucoma is proposed. PMID- 7211846 TI - Drug interference with the phosphotungstate uric acid test. PMID- 7211845 TI - 2-deoxy-glucose-6-phosphate utilization in the study of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mosaicism. AB - The electrophoretic difference between normal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and two common variants (G6PD A and G6PD A-) has made the G6PD enzyme system very useful for genetic studies and for investigation on the clonal origin of tumors. This approach has not been possible for another common variant, G6PD mediterranean, which has a normal electrophoretic pattern. The different utilization of 2-deoxy-glucose-6-phosphate (2dG6P), an analog of the normal substrate, by the normal enzyme and the Mediterranean variant, allows a convenient determination of the degree of mosaicism in mononuclear cells from heterozygotes. PMID- 7211847 TI - Nonindicated use of cimetidine. PMID- 7211848 TI - Use of digoxin serum assays in a nonteaching hospital. PMID- 7211850 TI - Thinking positive about PPIs. PMID- 7211852 TI - Application of the readability concept to patient-oriented drug information. PMID- 7211851 TI - Factors associated with creatinine clearance changes following gentamicin therapy. AB - The relationship between creatinine clearance changes during gentamicin therapy and several patient and therapeutic variables was studied in a prospective, multicenter trial. Adult patients in three hospitals who were receiving gentamicin in doses based on lean body weight and creatinine clearance were studied. Pre- and post-therapy serum creatinine measurements were obtained for 62 patients (Group 1); only 45 of the patients had both pre- and post-therapy creatinine clearance measurements (Group 2). Other data collected for correlation with creatinine clearance changes were: body temperature, age, sex, blood pressure, albumin level, previous and concomitant therapy with nephrotoxic drugs, hematocrit, peak and trough gentamicin levels, and duration of therapy. In Group 2 patients, only peak gentamicin level, concomitant therapy, sex, and previous furosemide therapy correlated significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) with change in creatinine clearance during gentamicin therapy. The first two variables decreased creatinine clearance, the last variable increased creatinine clearance, and women tended to have more of a decrease in clearance than did men. Sex, peak gentamicin level, prior furosemide therapy and concomitant cephalothin therapy explain about 50% of the renal function changes during gentamicin therapy, and should be considered in monitoring gentamicin therapy. PMID- 7211849 TI - Folic acid hypersensitivity or tartrazine allergy? PMID- 7211853 TI - Evaluation of patient medication counseling sources. AB - Seven sources of information on patient medication counseling were evaluated. Each source was reviewed for inclusion of five types of information on 20 drugs selected randomly from the top 200 prescription drugs. The ASHP's Medication Teaching Manual was the most complete source in terms of including the largest number of sample drugs. Apelgren and Rowles's Handbook for Counseling Patients on Their Medications, Griffith's Drug Information for patients, Maudlin and Young's Drug Consultation Guide, and Smith's Medication Guide for Patient Counseling were nearly as complete in this regard. In terms of including information in each of the five categories for the sample drugs, the U.S. Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information and the Medication Teaching Manual ranked highest. Cost, size, format, and indexing of the sources are compared, and special features and limitations of the source are presented. All the publications are at least adequate patient counseling sources, although some are more complete and thorough than others. PMID- 7211854 TI - Estimating creatinine clearance in children: comparison of three methods. AB - Three methods of estimating creatinine clearance (Clcr) in children were compared in pediatric patients ranging in age from 1 to 16 years. Sixty-eight measured Clcr determinations, normalized to ml/min/1.73 sq m of body surface area, were performed on 58 patients. Estimated Clcr values were calculated using the methods of Schwartz et al. (Method I), Shull et al. (Method II), and Rudd et al. (Method III), and each method was correlated with the measured creatinine clearance. Mean prediction error (estimated Clcr minus measured Clcr) also was compared for the methods to assess the relative prediction accuracy. Measured and estimated Clcr values correlated well (Method I, r = 0.90; Method II, r = 0.85; Method III, r = 0.80; p less than 0.0001). Mean prediction errors for Methods I and III (4.1 and 2.8 ml/min/1.73 sq m, respectively) were not significantly different; however, both methods were significantly more accurate (p less than 0.01) than Method II (mean prediction error: -17.4 ml/min/1.73 sq m). In this study, Method I, which was based on height and serum creatinine, was found to have the greatest accuracy and simplicity and to be the most clinically useful method of the three methods. The applicability of the three methods to pediatric patients with severe renal disease is uncertain. PMID- 7211855 TI - Spironolactone interference with digoxin radioimmunoassay in cirrhotic patients. AB - The effects of spironolactone and cirrhosis on the measurement of serum digoxin levels by radioimmunoassay were studied in patients not receiving cardiac glycosides. Three groups of 10 patients each were studied. Groups 1 and 2 included patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, with Group 1 patients receiving spironolactone and Group 2 receiving no spironolactone. Group 3, the control group, included patients who were not receiving spironolactone and did not have cirrhosis. Apparent digoxin serum levels were measured by radioimmunoassay, and the mean levels of each group were compared. Group 1 had significantly higher apparent digoxin levels (1.3 +/- 0.62 ng/ml, p 0.05) than Groups 2 or 3. The apparent digoxin level of Group 2 (0.74 +/- 0.44 ng/ml) did not differ significantly from that of Group 3 (0.40 +/- 0.35 ng/ml). Significant correlations were found between apparent serum digoxin levels and daily spironolactone dose (Group 1), SGOT levels (Group 1), and prothrombin time/control ratios (Group 2 and all groups combined). Spironolactone appears to increase digoxin levels measured by radioimmunoassay. The effect of cirrhosis on digoxin radioimmunoassay has not been confirmed. PMID- 7211856 TI - Theophylline interference with the phosphotungstate uric acid test. AB - The effect of theophylline on serum uric acid measurements was studied. Serum uric acid levels were measured by the phosphotungstate method in eight healthy adults, three of whom received a single u.3-mg/kg oral theophylline dose (as aminophylline elixir) while fasting, and in 15 fasting nonuremic patients (age 14 to 51 years) on chronic oral aminophylline therapy. Uric acid levels also were measured in vitro for serum with known amounts of theophylline (0-49 microgram/ml). Serum theophylline levels were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography for the patients receiving chronic theophylline therapy and spectrophotometrically for the subjects receiving a single oral dose. In the 15 chronic theophylline patients, actual total serum uric acid levels were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) from those expected had they been a normal population (i.e., healthy, not receiving theophylline). Likewise, in vitro studies showed no difference in uric acid levels of serum exposed to various concentrations of theophylline. A positive correlation (r greater than or equal to 0.816) between serum theophylline and uric acid levels was found in two of the three single-dose studies, suggesting a pharmacological interaction. Therapeutic serum theophylline levels do not interfere with the measurement of serum uric acid levels by the phosphotungstate method. PMID- 7211857 TI - Lithium carbonate and leukocytosis. AB - White blood cell (WBC) counts of 37 hospitalized adult psychiatric patients were examined for changes during treatment with lithium carbonate. Group 1 (n = 19) patients had WBC counts taken before and after lithium therapy. Group 2 (n = 16) patients had WBC counts taken only after lithium therapy. The remaining two patients had infections and were considered separately. In Group 1, a significant leukocytosis was observed over baseline values (p less than 0.001). The mean increase in WBC count was 2,237 cells/cu mm. For Group 2 patients, the mean WBC count observed was 11,950 +/- 4,028 cells/cu mm, which is higher than the normal leukocyte count in peripheral blood. An increase in circulating leukocytes was observed in the majority of these patients. The data indicate that the leukocytosis was drug related, but the increase did not appear to be dose related or dependent on the concentration of lithium in the blood. PMID- 7211858 TI - Evaluation of two lithium carbonate formulations. AB - An open, two-way crossover study of Latin-square design was used to compare the bioavailability of a new capsular formulation of lithium carbonate, Pfi-Lithium (Pfipharmecs Division, Pfizer, Inc.), with that of standard capsular formulation, Eskalith (Smith Kline & French Laboratories). Eighteen healthy, adult male volunteers received both formulations in a randomly determined order. After administration of each 300-mg dose of lithium carbonate, serial blood specimens were obtained. Data obtained from these specimens were subjected to pharmacokinetic evaluation. There were no significant differences (p less than 0.05) in peak plasma concentration, time to peak plasma concentration, and area under the plasma concentration-time curve. These single-dose suggested that the two formulations were bioequivalent. PMID- 7211859 TI - Shared pharmaceutical services in small hospitals. AB - A system of shared pharmaceutical services between two small, rural hospitals is described. A contractural agreement was established between a 140-bed hospital and a 40-bed hospital located 15 miles apart in a rural area of eastern Kentucky. The larger hospital provided comprehensive pharmaceutical services to the smaller hospital for a monthly fee. Procurement of i.v. fluids and supplies was a function of the larger hospital; other drugs and supplies were procured separately. The director of pharmacy at the larger institution also served as the director at the small institution. Staff pharmacists rotated between the two hospitals. Supportive personnel were assigned permanently to each hospital. The shared service arrangement reduced costs associated with the implementation of comprehensive pharmaceutical services and made it easier to recruit and retain skilled pharmacy personnel. PMID- 7211861 TI - Legal standard of due care for pharmacists in institutional practice. AB - The process by which courts determine negligence on the part of a pharmacist is discussed, and important malpractice decisions involving pharmacists and other medical professionals are summarized. Courts expect pharmacists to exercise a high level of "due care." It is unclear whether a hospital pharmacist would be held t a standard created by general practitioners or by specialists in institutional practice; but a good case can be made for a special standard. If the court finds that professional standards are deficient, the court may establish higher standards. Pharmacists should ensure that their performance meet legal expectations by keeping abreast of new developments in pharmaceutical practice. PMID- 7211860 TI - Interpretation of research data: hypothesis testing. AB - The application of statistical tests to the evaluation of hypotheses is discussed. The statistical test is used to determine whether or not a hypothesis is correct by telling the researcher how likely it is that the results of an experiment are due to chance alone. Generally, a null hypothesis is set up stating that there is no difference between the control and experimental samples. The data are than collected and analyzed, and the null hypothesis is either accepted or rejected. The researcher, before beginning actual experimentation, should establish a level of significance to indicate how certain he wishes to be that the results are not due to chance alone. Traditionally, this level is set at 95% or 99% (expressed as a level of significance of 0.05 or 0.01, respectively). In using these tests, two types of error are possible. The null hypothesis can be rejected when it is in fact true (Type I error), or it can be accepted when it is false (Type II error). Since all statistical tests are based on certain assumptions concerning the data, the test applied to experimental results must be chosen to fit the data (e.g., collection methods, distribution type). for these reasons, statistical tests should be chosen before the experiment, and the experimental procedures should be tailored to fit the statistical test so that the validity of the analysis will be maximized. PMID- 7211863 TI - Centralized mental health drug information service. PMID- 7211864 TI - PRN drug use in nursing homes. PMID- 7211862 TI - Doxepin-induced acute glossitis. AB - A case of doxepin-induced acute glossitis is reported. Painful, tender, papular lesions on the tongue were observed in a 48-year-old woman seven days after initiation of doxepin and ampicillin therapy. Doxepin daily dosage (administered in four divided doses) subsequently was reduced from 175 to 150 to 125 mg, then both drugs were discontinued. The glossitis, treated with viscous lidocaine, resolved over a three-week period. Four weeks after doxepin therapy was firt initiated, the drug was reinstituted; glossitis recurred eight days later. After discontinuation of doxepin, the glossitis slowly regressed. Drug-induced glossitis, its mechanism of action, and treatment are reviewed. When unexpected oral inflammation and pain occur, the potential for drug-induced oral lesions should be considered. Treatment is primarily empirical, with unresponsive cases being candidates for therapy of corticosteroids applied topically to the oral lesions. PMID- 7211866 TI - Precautions in the use of evacuated and partial-fill glass containers. PMID- 7211865 TI - Unusually large intravenous doses of propranolol hydrochloride. PMID- 7211867 TI - Propranolol-induced impotency--correction of an error. PMID- 7211868 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on urine pH. PMID- 7211869 TI - Clinical pharmacy in nursing homes. PMID- 7211870 TI - Aspirin for the nursing shortage headache: upgraded pharmaceutical services. PMID- 7211871 TI - Harvey A.K. Whitney lecture. Need for a theoretical base for pharmacy practice. PMID- 7211872 TI - Comparison of methods for estimating digoxin dosing regimens. AB - Five methods of predicting serum digoxin concentrations (SDCs), used in conjunction with three equations for estimating creatinine clearance, were compared. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine the nadir SDCs in 79 patients (38 men, 41 women) meeting predetermined study criteria. All patients, whose ages ranged from 33 to 94 years, had steady-state digoxin levels, were on oral digoxin, and were free from thyroid dysfunction, malabsorption syndromes, dehydration, and renal failure. Three equations, involving combinations of age, lean body weight, and serum creatinine, were used to estimate creatinine clearance (Clcr). These Clcr values were then used in each of five equations to estimate SDCs. The estimated SDCs were compared to actual SDCs in the 79 patients, and the effects of changing the fraction of dose absorbed and the method of determining Clcr were analyzed. No substantial difference in predictive reliability was evident among the methods studied. Poor correlations existed between observed and calculated SDCs (r less than 0.70), and these correlations were not significantly affected by gender, fraction of dose absorbed, or method of Clcr estimation. Higher correlations were found for the oldest and youngest age groups. Severe limitations are associated with the use of the formulas studied. PMID- 7211873 TI - Establishing an aminoglycoside pharmacokinetic monitoring service in a community hospital. AB - A pharmacy-based aminoglycoside pharmacokinetic monitoring service is described, including the use of serum gentamicin levels before and after the service. A retrospective drug and serum level use review for i.v. gentamicin treatment of 80 patients during an 11-month period was conducted. It established a need for a pharmacokinetic monitoring service, which was first instituted as a six-month pilot program. Twenty patients in the retrospective review had 43 serum levels obtained for an average of 2.2 levels per patient. In comparison, 39 patients in the pilot program had 243 serum levels drawn for an average of 6.2 levels per patient. Only six (14%) of the serum levels were obtained correctly and used appropriately in the review, compared with 231 (95%) in the pilot program (p less than 0.0001). It is concluded that the method used in establishing this service is a satisfactory approach for pharmacists who wish to convince administrators and medical staff of the need for pharmacokinetic consultation. PMID- 7211874 TI - Concurrent pharmacist monitoring of gentamicin therapy. AB - The results of concurrent monitoring of gentamicin therapy by a clinical pharmacist are reported. All patients in a 332-bed teaching hospital who were started on gentamicin therapy during a 72-day period were monitored. Predetermined criteria concerning maximum daily gentamicin dose based on serum creatinine and acceptable precautions for avoiding toxicity (i.e., serum creatinine, gentamicin serum level determinations) were used. Deviations from these criteria resulted in contact with the patient's physician, and specific recommendations were made by the pharmacist at that time. During this period, 120 courses of gentamicin therapy were monitored in 101 patients. Major criteria deviations were found in 15 (12.5%) courses, resulting in the contact of 10 physicians. Physicians responded to the pharmacists' recommendations in 9 (60%) of the 15 courses. It is concluded that a clinical pharmacist can interact effectively with physicians in monitoring drug therapy in the hospital. PMID- 7211875 TI - Emergency-room services for a community health center. AB - The development and maintenance of an organized system of emergency care in isolated ambulatory health-care centers are described. A system of three community health centers, staffed chiefly by midlevel practitioners (i.e., physician's associates and nurse practitioners), had a need to provide occasional emergency care to patients. Emergency care needed to be provided (for up to one hour) until an ambulance arrived to transport the patient to a hospital. A system of emergency care, consisting of treatment protocols, a drug manual, equipment and medications, and a program for periodic inservice education was developed by physicians, midlevel practitioners, and pharmacists. Weekly checks of the supplies and medications are conducted. Lists of supplies and medications stocked, and a sample drug monograph, are included in the paper. The program has resulted in more efficient emergency care, including less confusion in executing and documenting treatment. PMID- 7211876 TI - Mathematical analysis of a phenytoin--disulfiram interaction. AB - A case of phenytoin-disulfiram drug interaction is analyzed with a mathematical technique used in enzyme kinetics. Serum anticonvulsant levels, obtained before, during, and after disulfiram administration, were collected from hospital records retrospectively. Phenytoin kinetic constants--maximal velocity of metabolism (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (km)--before, during, and after disulfiram administration, were compared. The slopes (km) of the regression lines analyzed by a small sample t test for parallelism were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05). Y-intercept (Vmax) values obtained before (433 mg/day) and after (463 mg/day) disulfiram are both significantly different when compared with the y-intercept during (264 mg/day) disulfiram administration, by a small-sample t test for common intercept (p less than 0.05). Changes in the elimination rate of phenytoin or changes in y-intercept result from noncompetitive drug effects. It is concluded that disulfiram affects phenytoin's elimination rate by noncompetitive mechanisms. PMID- 7211877 TI - Interpretation of research data: analysis of variance. AB - The use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) in research studies is discussed. ANOVA is a set of procedures used in testing for differences between means that partitions the total variation found in a sample of score values into "explained" and "error" components. The test statistic used in ANOVA is the F ratio, and probabilities are found in tables of F distributions similar to t, z, or x2 tables. Equations used in ANOVA procedures and exercises for computational practice are given. Design of experiments that facilitate ANOVA use is discussed, as is the difference between t tests and F tests. Total sum of squares, mean squares, and squared correlation ratio are described. PMID- 7211878 TI - Abuse potential of methaqualone-diphenhydramine combination. PMID- 7211880 TI - Why worry about job satisfaction? PMID- 7211879 TI - Calculating the estimate of variance. PMID- 7211881 TI - Prediction of digoxin blood levels. PMID- 7211882 TI - Integrated or independent clinical services? PMID- 7211883 TI - Solubility characteristics of diazepam in aqueous admixture solutions: theory and practice. AB - The solubility of diazepam was investigated to determine compatibility limits for diluting diazepam injection in four large-volume parenteral (LVP) solutions. A solution of diazepam powder (15 mg/ml) in absolute alcohol and of the commercially available diazepam injection (5 mg/ml) were used in the study. Either 1.0 ml of the alcoholic solution or 3.0 ml of the commercial injection were added to 50 ml of the LVPs studied-sterile water for injection (WFI), 5% dextrose injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and lactated Ringer's injection. Diazepam was assayed sprectrophotometrically at 367 nm. The solubility of diazepam in WFI was 0.041 mg/ml after equilibration for 24 hours at 25 degrees C. The solubility of diazepam in the LVPs ranged from 0.04 to 0.05 mg/ml at 25 degrees C. The effects of solution dielectric constants on nonelectrolyte solubility and the minimal fraction of protonated (ionized) diazepam present in typical admixtures are deduced to be negligible determinants of diazepam solubility in i.v. solutions at pH greater than or equal to 5.4 prepared from greater than or equal to 1:10 volume dilutions of diazepam injection. The aqueous solubility data for diazepam corroborate other reported values and are tantamount to recommending against less than a 1:100 volume dilution of diazepam injection when compounding i.v. admixtures. PMID- 7211884 TI - Creating an appropriate climate for drug use review. AB - Methods of establishing an appropriate climate for drug use review (DUR) programs are discussed. Characteristics of DUR programs proposed as essential for their initial acceptance and eventual continuity include objectivity, neutrality, and confidentiality. A retrospective DUR program is used as an illustrative model. The need to establish positive interpersonal peer relations is stressed. PMID- 7211885 TI - Liability of the pharmacist as a therapeutic consultant. AB - The legal implications of pharmacists serving as therapeutic consultants to other health professionals are discussed. The legal view of the consultant relationship and the relative liability exposure of the primary practitioner and the consultant are reviewed. The pharmacist's liability when serving as a therapeutic consultant is considered in light of the high standard of care that would probably be used in evaluating the pharmacist's performance. Other legal issues considered include potential criminal liability of the pharmacist, whether responses should be in writing, impact of charging for therapeutic consultation services, and coverage for such activities under professional liability insurance policies. By being aware of the legal implications in these areas, pharmacists may limit their liability exposure to an acceptable level. PMID- 7211886 TI - Update on the Lannett and Pharmadyne decisions. AB - The implications of litigation concerning the authority of FDA in premarket approval of drugs are discussed. Since a recent paper on the Lannett and Pharmadyne decisions, several related court cases have been tried. The principal case discussed in Premo Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Inc. v. U.S., where the FDA's authority to require premarket approval of "me-too" drugs was temporarily thrown into jeopardy by a district court's decision involving Premo's Insulase brand of chlorpropamide tablets. However, an appeal, the decision was reversed and the case dismissed. The courts' opinions for these decisions are discussed, as well as related developments. PMID- 7211887 TI - Interpretation of research data: regression analysis. AB - The types of problems that can be analyzed with regression analysis, and interpretation of the resulting summary statistics, are discussed. Linear and multiple regression models, regression coefficients are described. Regression analysis can answer questions about the existence and strength of relationships and the relative importance of independent variables, and can forecast the outcome from changes in the values of independent variables. Multivariate regression analysis can detect the contribution of each of several independent variables on the dependent variable. PMID- 7211888 TI - Compatibility of verapamil hydrochloride with other additives. PMID- 7211889 TI - Effect of bariatric surgery on erythromycin absorption. PMID- 7211890 TI - Marketing concepts for pharmaceutical service development. AB - Marketing concepts as a mechanism to help pharmacy develop, communicate, and sell future pharmaceutical services to consumers are discussed. Pharmacy as a profession must define itself broadly to take advantage of future growth opportunities. These growth opportunities will be realized from unmet health-care needs and changing consumer life style trends and values. New services must therefore be oriented toward consumers (i.e., patients, health professionals, and third-party agencies) to gain acceptance. Dispensing and drug-knowledge distribution pharmaceutical services are reviewed by a product life cycle analysis of sales profits versus time. A marketing mix for new pharmaceutical services is developed consisting of service, price, distribution, and promotion strategies. Marketing can encompass those key elements necessary to meet the organizational goals of pharmacy and provide a systematic, disciplined approach for presenting a new service to consumers. PMID- 7211891 TI - Alport's syndrome. A report of 58 cases and a review of the literature. PMID- 7211892 TI - Menopause, medroxyprogesterone and breathing during sleep. AB - Twenty-one postmenopausal women were monitored for sleep-disordered breathing and nocturnal oxygen desaturation to evaluate the contribution of progestational hormones to the occurrence of these sleep events. For approximately one month 11 subjects received 30 mg of medroxyprogesterone (MPG) daily, and 10 received placebo tablets in a randomized, double-blind controlled study. Respiration, saturation and electroencephalography were monitored during one night of sleep before and one night after therapy. Contrasted with the low incidence of disordered breathing and desaturation in premenopausal women, 71 percent of the postmenopausal women had such events. In the placebo-treated group, all measured variables of sleep and breathing were identical on the two nights, which suggested that the findings of a single night of sleep monitoring may be representative of other nights of sleep. Although several subjects appeared to show improvement with MPG, only the maximum duration of apnea was significantly reduced the second night (p less than 0.03). PMID- 7211894 TI - Urinary excretion of Hageman factor (factor XII) and the presence of nonfunctional Hageman factor in the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Acquired deficiencies of functional Hageman factor (factor XII) and prekallikrein, proteins involved in the plasma kinin-generating system, have been previously reported in the nephrotic syndrome. The basis for these changes, however, is not fully understood. We have examined the levels of Hageman factor and prekallikrein by functional and radioimmunoassays in plasmas and urines of 11 patients with the nephrotic syndrome. All 11 patients had decreased titers of plasma Hageman factor activity (mean +/- standard deviation (SD), 0.29 +/- 0.15 U/ml), but essentially normal titers of immunoreactive Hageman factor (0.68 +/- 0.23 U/ml). The ratio of immunoreactive Hageman factor to functional Hageman factor (2.63 +/- 0.86) was significantly higher than that in nine control patients (1.08 +/- 0.17). Since no circulating anticoagulants against Hageman factor were detected, these data suggest the presence of nonfunctional (altered) Hageman factor in plasmas of patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Urinary excretion of Hageman factor was present in six patients but did not appear to account for the reduced plasma Hageman factor activity. Urinary Hageman factor in one patient had the same size as plasma Hageman factor as assessed by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The titers of plasma prekallikrein were within the normal range. These studies indicate urinary excretion of Hageman factor and alterations in the functional sites of plasma Hageman factor molecules in the nephrotic syndrome. Whether these changes are related to the pathogenesis of the nephrotic syndrome remains to be determined. PMID- 7211893 TI - Papillary thyroid carcinoma: a 10 year follow-up report of the impact of therapy in 576 patients. AB - Data from 576 patients with papillary thyroid cancer were retrospectively analyzed. With a median follow-up of 10 years and three months, there were six deaths from, and 84 recurrences of, thyroid cancer. Of the latter, 16 (19 percent) could not be eradicated. Death from thyroid cancer occurred only in those 30 years of age or over at the time of diagnosis and only in patients with primary tumors larger than 1.5 cm in diameter. Locally invasive tumor was associated with a poor prognosis. Cervical lymph node metastases found at initial surgery were associated with higher recurrence rates but not higher mortality rates. Treatment with total thyroidectomy, postoperative radioiodine and thyroid hormone resulted in the lowest recurrence and mortality rates except in those patients with small primary tumors (less than 1.5 cm diameter) in whom less than total thyroidectomy and postoperative therapy with thyroid hormone alone gave results which did not differ statistically from those achieved with more aggressive therapy. No important differences in outcome were observed when cervical lymph node metastases were simply excised or more aggressively treated by neck dissection. External radiation and as initial adjunctive therapy adversely influenced outcome. PMID- 7211895 TI - Nephrotic syndrome in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7211896 TI - Infection surveillance and control in the severely traumatized patient. AB - Among severely traumatized patients, infection is second only to head trauma as the leading cause of death. Few studies have defined the infections that occur, the risk factors involved, or the appropriate means of evaluating these patients. In our trauma unit, daily infection surveillance included clinical evaluation of every patient and all microbiologic data. In addition, prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotics were directly under our control. Over a two period 2,368 patients were admitted, most arriving directly from the scene by patients were admitted, most arriving directly from the scene by helicopter. The over-all mortality was 20 percent. In this setting, 639 nosocomial infections occurred in 381 patients of whom 14 percent died of their infection. Sites of infection in percent of total and of bacteremia (given in parentheses) were urinary tract 18 (3), pneumonia 15 (19), empyema 11 (11), phlebitis 12 (17), primary bacteremia 10 (21), surgical wound 19 (8), intraabdominal 8 (11), CNS 7 (5), sinusitis 5 (0), arterial lines 2 (4) and other 3 (1). Over-all 44 percent of infections were bacteremia. Organisms involved in nosocomial infections as percent of total and in bacteremias given in parentheses) were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus 24 (39), other gram-positive cocci 13 (8), Escherichia coli 13 (9), Proteus 4 (5), anaerobes 3 (1) and other organisms 12 (8). Most infections were directly related to an invasive procedure. PMID- 7211897 TI - The effect of private isolation rooms on patient care practices, Colonization and infection in an intensive care unit. AB - Conversion of an intensive care unit (ICU) from an open unit to isolation rooms permitted study of patient care practices, colonization and infection in both settings. Air sampling and observation of patient care practices included 99 of 410 open unit patients (168 patient-hours during nine months) and 68 of 1,022 isolation room patients matched on the basis of risk factors for infection and staff contact (113 patient-hours during 12 months). Number and type of interactions between staff and patients, and frequency of handwashing and its relationship to patient-staff interactions were recorded. All ICU patients were monitored daily for signs of and selected risk factors for infection, and material for culture for six surveillance organisms was obtained every four days. Numbers of persons interacting with a patient hour were 6.1 +/- 3.5 in the open units and 4.9 +/- 2.8 in the isolation rooms (0.05 less than P less than 0.10). Frequency of handwashing did not increase significantly in the unit providing convenient sinks, occurring in an observed to expected ratio of only 24 percent. Over-all rates of infection in the open unit and isolation rooms were 15.0 and 13.4, respectively. Half of the infections occurring in patients with complete cultures obtained on admission were caused by organisms colonizing the patient upon admission to the ICU. The isolation rooms did not appear to reduce nosocomial acquisition (P = 0.168, Mantel-Haenszel) of the six surveillance organisms. We conclude that many patient-staff interactions in an ICU are not followed by handwashing, and that the new unit design had no apparent effect upon the frequency of handwashing or over-all incidence of colonization and infection in the ICU. PMID- 7211898 TI - The emergence of coryneform bacteria as a cause of nosocomial infections in compromised hosts. AB - Corynebacterium species that are normally abundant on the skin and mucous membranes rarely cause infections and are susceptible to most antibiotics. The report in 1976 of four cases of sepsis at the National Institutes of Health caused by a hitherto undescribed corynebacterium that is highly antibiotic resistant, but uniformly susceptible to vancomycin, alerted the medically oriented scientific community to the emergence of these organisms as a possible new cause of nosocomial infections. Although we have always performed antibiotic susceptibility tests on all microorganisms recovered from normally sterile body fluids, our first recovery of these organisms was in August 1977. Since then we have recovered 52 such strains from 39 patients, most frequently from the rectum, followed by the groin, blood, lesions and urine in order of predominance. Characterization by API 50 L strips revealed that most, but not all strains resemble the JK group of Riley et al. [1]. Cell wall studies and DNA base ratios further confirmed their status as corynebacteria. Hospital acquisition has been proved; cross infection between patients is the most likely mode of spread. Their recognition is necessary for optimal preventive and therapeutic care of patients with compromised host defenses. PMID- 7211899 TI - Hospital-acquired gram-negative rod pneumonias: an overview. AB - Because of a high incidence and case fatality rate, nosocomial infections of the lower respiratory tract due to aerobic gram-negative rods are important, particularly in patients bedded in intensive care units. Risk factors include severity of illness, antimicrobial therapy and respiratory tract instrumentation. Respiratory tract colonization, which invariably precedes infection, seems to be a general characteristic of patients with severe illness, whereas normal oral defenses clear gram-negative bacteria very efficiently. Pneumonia follows after failure of pulmonary antibacterial defenses to cope with aspirated inoculums. Attempts to block colonization with local antimicrobials result not only in a transient decrease in colonization and pneumonia but also in the appearance of resistant organisms. Attempts to enhance human lung antibacterial defenses by bacterial interference or immunization have not been well studied. Despite some progress, the general outlook for immediate control of these infections is not encouraging. PMID- 7211900 TI - Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia. AB - Prospectively studied were 520 patients undergoing elective thoracic, upper abdominal and lower abdominal surgeries to analyze risk factors for postoperative pneumonias. Over-all, pneumonias developed in 91 of the 520 patients studied (17.5 percent). The acquisition of pneumonia was highly associated with preoperative markers of the severity of underlying diseases such as low serum albumin concentrations on admission (P less than 0.005) and high American Society of Anesthesiologists pre-anesthesia physical status classification (P less than 0.0001). History of smoking (P less than 0.001), longer preoperative stays (P less than 0.0001), longer operative procedures (P less than 0.0001) and thoracic or upper abdominal sites of surgery (P less than 0.0001) were also significant risk factors for postoperative pneumonias. Although massive obesity, old age and male sex were also associated with increased incidences of pneumonia, statistical significance was lost when these variables were controlled for site or duration of surgery. We were able to identify risk factors for pneumonia and to define a subpopulation of patients in which the risk of pneumonia was negligible. The acquisition of pneumonia by a low-risk patient should alert the physician to the possibility of a potentially preventable nosocomial infection. PMID- 7211901 TI - Airborne bacteria and surgical infection. AB - From the inception of modern surgery, the significance of airborne microbes to surgical infection has been controversial. The success of aseptic methods led the majority of surgeons early in this century to discount the airborne route. Despite aseptic disciplines, a significant level of infection continued and from 1930 onwards renewed attention was directed towards the air. Many studies over the following 25 years produced anecdotal and suggestive evidence that this was relevant and that a reduction in surgical sepsis followed a reduction in the numbers of airborne bacteria in the operating room. To this day, however, there has been no wholly satisfactory demonstration of this. Such a demonstration requires comparison of the outcome of a considerable number of surgical operations performed during the same period by the same surgeons under conditions which differ only in the levels of air contamination. Recent developments in orthopedics have resulted in large numbers of essentially similar operations on a site susceptible to infection but free from sources of bacteria within itself. Under these conditions, there is evidence that the numbers of bacteria contaminating the would at the end of the procedure are substantially fewer when the levels of airborne bacteria are reduced. PMID- 7211902 TI - Nosocomial septicemia and meningitis in neonates. AB - The past decade brought with it both highly sophisticated neonatal intensive care with improved perinatal mortality rates, and increased risk for nosocomial septicemia and meningitis among survivors. Although most of these infections were caused by multiple antibiotic-resistant gram negative enteric bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus "outbreaks" appeared sporadically. Risk for nosocomial infection was related primarily to factors which enhance infant contact with these bacteria (crowding and high nurse to infant ratios, poor handwashing practices, contaminated life support equipment, antibiotic exposure and prolonged hospitalization) in combination with those poorly defined determinants of bacterial virulence and host defense. Control measures for the prevention or reduction of these infections are aimed at decreasing the neonate's contact with the "outbreak" strains--improvement in handwashing practices and equipment sterilization processes, cohorting of infants, establishment of appropriate nurse:infant ratios, and in certain instances, modification of antibiotic practices. Future efforts should be directed toward better definition of bacterial virulence, host susceptibility and preventive measures. PMID- 7211903 TI - Complications of intravenous therapy with steel needles and Teflon catheters. A comparative study. AB - Complications of intravenous therapy with steel needles and small-bore Teflon catheters were compared in a randomized study of 954 cannula insertions. Cannulas were inserted and cared for by an intravenous team following a standard protocol. There were no cases of cannula-related septicemia and only one case of local infection, a cellulitis in the group in which Teflon catheters were used. There was a low incidence of positive semiquantitative cannula cultures in both treatment groups (steel needles 1.5 percent, Teflon catheters 1.4 percent). The risk of phlebitis was significantly greater with Teflon catheters (18.8 percent with Teflon catheters, 8.8 percent with steel needles, adjusted odds ratio 1.87). Steel needles were significantly associated with infiltration (17.9 percent with Teflon catheters, 40.1 percent with steel needles, adjusted odds ratio 0.39). The over-all rate of complications was significantly greater for the group in which steel needles were used (53.8 versus 64.0 percent, adjusted odds ratio 0.72), principally due to the increased risk of infiltration with steel needles. Analysis of the per day risk of infiltration and phlebitis revealed that these relationships were present for each day the cannulas remained in place. We conclude (1) that steel needles and small-bore Teflon catheters can both be used with low risk of infection and (2) that Teflon catheters more frequently cause phlebitis, whereas steel needles infiltrate more readily. PMID- 7211904 TI - Sporadic and epidemic nosocomial legionellosis in the United States. Epidemiologic features. AB - As of April 30, 1980, 83 nosocomial cases of sporadic legionellosis had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). In all 83 cases the patients had pneumonia; the median age of the patients was 56.5 years. All but one patient were hospitalized at the time of onset. Of 71 patients for whom the outcome is known, 22 (31 percent) died of causes directly attributed to their infection. Eleven patients had end-stage renal disease, 28 were receiving systemic immunosuppressive medications, 17 had cancer, 12 had chronic bronchitis or emphysema, 29 were smokers, and four had diabetes mellitus. Risks of acquiring nosocomial sporadic legionellosis for patients with these conditions relative to the general United States population = 340, 26, 11, 3.7, 1.9 and 1.3, respectively. These risk factors are similar to those identified for sporadic community-acquired legionellosis and for epidemic nosocomial legionellosis. Methods for preventing nosocomial legionellosis are not known, but comparing Legionella to other water-associated organisms which have been spread from medical devices to cause pneumonia may be fruitful. PMID- 7211905 TI - Surgical wound infections: an overview. AB - There have been three major avenues by which control over infection has been increased: (1) Preservation of host defenses, (2) antisepsis and (3) asepsis. Despite the major successes we have had, infection remains the major limitor of surgical horizons. Asepsis, the newest but long the mainstay of infection control, has probably been developed to nearly its greatest capacity. Its forefronts lie in laminar flow ventilation, ultraviolet radiation and operating theater design, all expensive and relatively inefficient. Cost and the problem of endogenous bacteria limit further advances. Antisepsis, including preventive antibiotics, is also reaching its zenith. Resistant organisms, toxicity and cost limit further applications. We desperately need a "social contract" among surgeons to limit, by defined rules, the choice of agent, the total dose and the indications for use. Controlled studies of the effects of "preventive antibiotics" on hospital ecology and infection are needed. A return to antiseptics is being and should be explored. Preservation and enhancement of host defenses is the oldest but the most neglected of these ideas. It appears to be the most exploitable now. Enhancement by nutrition, maintenance of tissue perfusion, oxygenation and immune stimulation appear to have contributed to reduction of infection rates. More success in this area seems distinctly possible. PMID- 7211906 TI - Nosocomial bacteremia. An epidemiologic overview. AB - Each year nosocomial bacteremia develops in approximately 194,000 patients in U.S. hospitals (5/1,000); 75,000 die. These infections portend $.28 to $.86 billion added costs to health care. Most nosocomial bacteremias occur endemically and are secondary bacteremias, caused by postoperative wound or intra-abdominal infections, urinary tract infections or pneumonia; primary bacteremias most frequently originate from intravascular devices, but the source is unrecognized. Between 1965 and 1978, 97 epidemics of nosocomial bacteremia, including 11 of "pseudobacteremia," were reported. In contrast to endemic bacteremias, 78 percent of the epidemics involved primary bacteremias: 33 outbreaks stemmed from infusion therapy in some form, including seven epidemics traced to a contaminated commercial product. Two thirds of endemic nosocomial bacteremias and 79 percent of epidemics are caused by aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Flavobacterium and Enterobacter agglomerans rarely cause endemic bacteremia and when encountered often signal an epidemic. Whereas predisposing host conditions greatly increase the risk of bacteremia endemically nosocomial epidemics occur mainly in immunocompetent patients and are related to what therapeutic measures have been taken: segregation in a special care unit (58 percent of outbreaks) or exposure to infusion therapy or other invasive procedures involving the bloodstream (65 percent). At present only about one fourth of endemic nosocomial bacteremias are in theory preventable by more consistent application of existent knowledge of asepsis. The potential for prevention seems greatest for epidemic bacteremias, most of which are related to exposure to invasive devices, to a common source of contamination, or both. PMID- 7211908 TI - Biology of placebo analgesia. PMID- 7211907 TI - Endemic rate of fluid contamination and related septicemia in arterial pressure monitoring. AB - Contamination of the fluid within intra-arterial infusions used for hemodynamic monitoring has produced epidemic bacteremias, but little data exist on endemic rates of contamination and related septicemia. We prospectively studied 102 intra arterial infusions used in 56 high-risk patients who required prolonged monitoring. During the study, administration sets were changed every 48 hours, but transducer chamber-domes and continuous flow devices were used until the intra-arterial infusion was discontinued. Cultures were obtained from the transducer-transducer chamber-dome interface and of fluid in the transducer chamber-dome of the 102 intra-arterial infusions; 12 (11.8 percent) showed contamination of transducer chamber-dome fluid, in 8 cases (7.8 percent) associated with concordant bacteremia. In each bacteremia, transducer chamber dome fluid contained 1 to greater than 10(5) (median, 10(4)) cfu/ml. Four bacteremias are considered definitely related and four, possibly related, to the intra-arterial infusion. In all 12 contaminated intra-arterial infusions and with all eight bacteremias, the transducer chamber-dome had been used for more than two days (P = 0.006). No concordant contamination of transducer-transducer chamber-dome interfaces was identified. (1) Intra-arterial infusions for pressure monitoring cause sporadic septicemias endemically. (2) With prolonged monitoring, transducer chamber-domes and continuous flow devices should be replaced at periodic intervals, ideally with the administration set, every 48 hours; since implementing this policy, only three contaminated intra-arterial infusions and no related septicemias have been detected in 53 intra-arterial infusions monitored over our months (P = 0.02). PMID- 7211909 TI - Role of coronary arteriography in the evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7211910 TI - The revival of coronary spasm. PMID- 7211911 TI - The pathogenic basis of urticaria and angioedema: recent advances. PMID- 7211913 TI - Teichoic acid antibody and circulating immune complexes in the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. AB - Optimal antibiotic therapy for patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia remains controversial. The results of two serologic tests, teichoic acid antibody and circulating immune complexes, have shown promise in detecting patients who have serious bacteremia (sustained bacteremia with endocarditis or metastatic abscess) and require longer, more intensive treatment. These tests were performed on serial samples from 38 patients with staphylococcal bacteremia prospectively categorized by severity of infection and by risk factors associated with serious disease (sustained bacteremia, valvular heart disease, absence of focus of infection, metastatic abscess). A surprisingly large group of these patients (20, or 53 percent) could not be prospectively defined as having "serious" or "benign" bacteremia. Neither test differentiated patients with serious bacteremia from those with benign bacteremia. Although it is possible that additional significant associations with risk factors might have been obtained with the teichoic acid antibody test had more patients been included, positive tests were found more frequently only in patients in whom metastatic abscesses developed. The teichoic acid antibody test was found to be a sensitive, but not specific, indicator of serious staphylococcal disease and was of value in excluding serious infection only when a negative results was supported by clinical evidence for benign disease. Other than this use, neither assay was helpful in determining optimal therapy of staphylococcal bacteremia. PMID- 7211914 TI - Coronary arterial disease in systemic lupus erythematosus; quantification of degrees of narrowing in 22 necropsy patients (21 women) aged 16 to 37 years. AB - The degrees of cross-sectional area luminal narrowing by atherosclerotic plaques of each 5 mm long segment of each of the four major (right, left main, left anterior descending and left circumflex) epicardial coronary arteries in 22 necropsy patients (age 16 to 37 years, 21 women) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was determined, and the findings were compared to those in 13 control subjects. Of 623 coronary segments (5 mm long) in the patients with SLE, 80 (13 percent) were narrowed 76 to 100 percent (controls = 0 of 431 segments); 125 (20 percent), 51 to 75 percent (controls = 6 percent); 273 (44 percent), 26 to 50 percent (controls = 31 percent). Of the 22 patients with SLE, 10 had one or more of the four major coronary arteries narrowed 76 to 100 percent in cross sectional area, and 12 patients had lesser degrees of narrowing similar to that in the 13 control subjects. The 10 patients with SLE and severe coronary narrowing compared to the 12 patients with SLE and no severe (greater than 75 percent) coronary narrowing had significantly higher (1) mean values of total serum cholesterol (382 versus 290 mg/dl), (2) mean systolic/diastolic systemic arterial pressures (175/119 versus 151/93 mm Hg), (3) frequencies of mitral valvular disease (seven of 10 patients versus none of 12 patients) and (4) frequencies of pericardial adhesions (seven of 10 patients versus three of 12 patients). PMID- 7211915 TI - Recovery from alcoholism in cirrhotic patients: a study of 45 cases. AB - In order to determine factors that influenced their recovery from alcoholism, 45 men who attended a liver clinic were studied, employing a detailed questionnaire. All had shown classic signs of cirrhosis, and 84 percent were in frank hepatic failure at the time of hospitalization. In general, they were married, blue collar workers who drank, on average, for 27 years and either abstained or sharply curtailed their alcohol intake for 3.7 years (range one to 11 yrs) following which their hepatic function improved steadily. They reported that severe medical illness was a critical factor in the decision to stop drinking (87 percent) and that continued medical care was very helpful in their recovery from alcoholism (73 percent). Formal alcoholism treatment seldom was employed. Most stated that they "did it on their own." Improvement in health, in psychologic state, in marital and social relations reinforced sobriety. The results indicate the potential impact of medical illness on the decision to stop drinking and the need to study further the factors that promote recovery from alcoholism in medical settings. PMID- 7211912 TI - Diuretic-induced ventricular ectopic activity. AB - The need to avoid hypokalemia during diuretic therapy in nondigitalized patients has been questioned. Twenty-one patients with (1) mild essential hypertension, (2) plasma potassium of less than 3.5 meq/liter during previous diuretic treatment, and (3) normal findings [less than 6 unifocal ventricular premature beats/hour] on 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and exercise testing were treated with hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg twice a day) for four weeks and then ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and exercise testing were repeated. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring revealed that ventricular ectopic activity developed in seven patients and complex ventricular ectopic activity (multifocal ventricular premature beats, ventricular couplets and/or ventricular tachycardia) in four. Only two of these seven had ventricular ectopic activity during exercise testing while they were hypokalemic. Potassium repletion in these seven patients with spironolactone abolished complex ventricular ectopic activity and reduced unifocal ventricular premature beats significantly (p less than 0.01) from an average of 71.2 ventricular premature beats/hour/patient during hydrochlorothiazide treatment to 5.4 ventricular premature beats/hour/patient after potassium repletion. Although complex ventricular ectopic activity was more likely to occur with plasma potassium less than 3.0 meq/liter, restoration of normokalemia was required in several patients to abolish residual ventricular ectopic activity. Persistent ventricular ectopic activity in one patient suggested that myocardial injury sustained during hypokalemia may initiate chronic ventricular ectopic activity. Even in nondigitalized patients, the hazard of diuretic-induced ventricular ectopic activity warrants correction of hypokalemia. PMID- 7211919 TI - Absence of indicators of the influence of its physicians on a society's health; impact of physician care on society. AB - There are no established indicators for measuring the influence of its private physicians on a society's health. For a brief period the age-adjusted death rate, an important indicator of the public health effort, also served to reflect a portion of the influence of the personal physician system. Particular medical interventions could be linked to specific sites in the pathogenesis of microbial disease in a way not yet permitted by the available knowledge of the common nonmicrobial diseases. Our national allocations for health cannot be made rationally until we develop indicators for measuring incremental investments in either system, but especially for the personal physician system. For death rates per se fail to accurately reflect the workings of this system which is concerned primarily with prolonging effective life by preserving or restoring function in an individual person. PMID- 7211916 TI - Long-term follow-up of incorporation of 15N from glycine into uric acid in gout. AB - The incorporation of 15N-glycine into urinary uric acid was studied in three gouty patients, repeating a study carried out 13 to 27 years ago. The 15N incorporation attained a lower maximum and declined less rapidly in the repeat study in all three patients. The cumulative 15N incorporation into uric acid was reduced to one half of that determined previously. Similarly, urinary uric acid excretion was less, along with a lower uric acid nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio. The data indicate changes in the nature of the metabolic aberrations, which are apparently related to long-term drug therapy, changes in lifestyle, aging and associated medical complications. PMID- 7211918 TI - Heparin therapy in venous thromboembolism. AB - Patients with pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis were randomly assigned to receive either intermittent or continuous intravenous heparin therapy. In patients with an enhanced risk of bleeding, major bleeding was significantly more common during the intermittent use of heparin; in patients without these risk factors, hemorrhage occurred with equal frequency during intermittent and continuous heparin therapy. Recurrent thromboembolism was seen significantly more often in patients receiving continuous heparin therapy. Controlling the dose of heparin with coagulation tests resulted in the administration of significantly larger daily doses of heparin with intermittent injections than with continuous infusion. Therefore, the bleeding complications of intermittent heparin therapy could have been due to the higher dose, and the recurrences associated with continuous heparin therapy may have resulted from lower doses rather than from differences in the method of administration. In a small trial, arbitrary lower doses of heparin given intermittently similar to the doses of heparin given continuously resulted in fewer bleeding complications and more recurrences. In patients without risk factors for bleeding, the intermittent administration of heparin in the higher dose is preferable because of fewer recurrences and no increase in hemorrhagic complications. In patients with a high risk of bleeding, conventional doses of heparin given continuously can reduce the rate of hemorrhagic complications but will result in more recurrences. PMID- 7211920 TI - Histoplasmosis of bone. AB - A case of histoplasmosis of bone manifested by a single punched-out lesion in the humerus is reported in a man with asymptomatic mild chronic disseminated histoplasmosis. Roentgenologically evident lesions of bone due to Histoplasma capsulatum are rare, and this is the only report of a large punched-out lytic lesion. Such lesions are common in disseminated histoplasmosis due to the African strain H. duboisii. Although H. duboisii has been accorded species differentiation, there are only two clearly defined differences, compared to H. capsulatum. One is morphologic (size of yeast cell), and the other is a different clinical disease spectrum. Many believe that this organism is best viewed as a stable variant of H. capsulatum. At times, the two strains are indistinguishable morphologically, and at times, as in the case reported, there may be clinical similarities in their respective disease entities. PMID- 7211917 TI - Is prolactin secreted ectopically? AB - The ectopic secretion of prolactin by neoplasms has been reported only rarely although in one preliminary report it has been found to be present commonly in tumor extracts. To ascertain whether this is due to a true rarity of prolactin secreting tumors or to the fact that prolactin hypersecretion causes few notable clinical symptoms in patients with cancer, we measured prolactin levels by radioimmunoassay in the serums of 215 patients who had a variety of malignancies. Prolactin levels were elevated (greater than 25 ng/ml) in 15 patients. In 12 of these 15 patients, the elevations could be explained by the use of phenothiazine or opiates, or prior irradiation to the chest wall or head. Additional serum samples showed clearly normal prolactin levels in one of the patients. Of the entire series of 215 patients, therefore, only two patients (1 percent) had modestly elevated prolactin levels without having known causes for hyperprolactinemia: one patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (prolactin 34.1 ng/ml) and one patient with breast cancer (prolactin 45.4 ng/ml). Even in these two patients the hyperprolactinemia could as likely be due to stimulation of afferent nerves in the chest wall as to ectopic secretion by the tumors. There is no clear evidence in our study or in the literature that prolactin is secreted ectopically; this is in sharp contrast to many studies showing the high frequencies of the ectopic secretion of a number of other hormones. Why this is so is unknown. PMID- 7211921 TI - Arthropathy, hypouricemia and normal serum iron studies in hereditary hemochromatosis. AB - A patient manifesting the arthropathy of hemochromatosis without abnormal serum iron studies is described. Hemochromatosis was confirmed by liver biopsy. This case serves to emphasize the diagnostic value of the characteristic arthropathy of hemochromatosis. Our observations in this patient support the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of hereditary hemochromatosis differs from that of acquired iron overload states. The concurrent presence of hypouricemia is explored in this patient and in 18 other patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. Men with hereditary hemochromatosis were found to have lower serum uric acid levels than expected. In our patient, a renal defect in tubular reabsorption of uric acid appears responsible for hypouricemia. The apparent association of hemochromatosis and hypouricemia deserves further investigation. PMID- 7211922 TI - Studies of the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis, obstructive uropathy, and intestinal malabsorption in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is described who displayed the unusual extraglomerular syndromes of interstitial cystitis with obstructive uropathy and severe secretory-type diarrhea with intestinal malabsorption. Pathologic investigations into the nature of these events revealed immunofluorescent deposits in blood vessel walls of the small intestine and urinary bladder. The patient's malabsorption state and cystitis with urinary obstruction regressed with therapy of the SLE. We are postulating that immune complexes from the circulation may deposit in blood vessel walls, and may be responsible for tissue injury in these sites and the clinical manifestations of this patient. PMID- 7211923 TI - Hypothyroidism presenting as muscle stiffness and pseudohypertrophy: Hoffmann's syndrome. AB - There is a spectrum of muscular abnormalities that occurs in patients with hypothyroidism. Alterations in deep tendon reflexes are commonly observed although more extensive muscle disease is less frequently seen. Two patients who demonstrated increased muscle mass, muscle stiffness with variable degrees of muscle weakness and low levels of serum thyroxine (Hoffmann's syndrome) are described. At the time of presentation, the serum creatinine phosphokinase level was more than 10 times greater than normal, and electromyography revealed repetitive positive waves. After therapy with thyroid hormone, there was complete resolution of the muscle abnormalities, and laboratory studies were performed. In this report, we review the clinical syndrome of muscle dysfunction that can be seen with the more severe forms of hypothyroid myopathy. PMID- 7211924 TI - Ventriculoatrial shunting for hydrocephalus complicating tuberculous meningitis. AB - Relatively little attention has been focused on the management of increased intracranial pressure which develops in patients with tuberculous meningitis. In the acute phase of infection, cerebral edema is the most common cause; whereas in the subacute or chronic phases, hydrocephalus is most often implicated. Patients with tuberculous meningitis may fail to show neurologic improvement or deteriorate despite appropriate medical therapy, no matter what the pathogenesis of increased intracranial pressure. The patient we describe illustrates the usefulness of ventricular shunting in patients with hydrocephalus who fail to respond to the administration of antituberculous and pressure-reducing agents. PMID- 7211926 TI - Differential risk of nosocomial infection. AB - Our ability to interpret apparent differences in findings among surveys of nosocomial infection is limited by differences in the methods used, and differences among the study populations themselves. Methodologic areas in which there are substantial differences include definitions of rates of infection, criteria for infection and methods of case-finding. The studies themselves differ with respect to the characteristics of hospital populations, their underlying diseases, clinical procedures, patterns of lengths of hospital stay and efforts at prevention of infection. There are three separate concerns for constructing and interpreting comparisons: the choice of comparison or reference subjects, the control of confounding variables and the adjustment for variations in hospital stay. In order for studies to be credible, they must be accompanied by convincing evidence that the confounding effects of variables extraneous to the study have been identified and appropriately controlled in the analysis. It has been found that the day-specific incidence of nosocomial infection rises from near zero on the first hospital day to maximal during the fourth through the seventh weeks of hospital stay. Thus, the risk of nosocomial infection for a specific patient also depends on the hospital day. It may be possible to make better use of limited infection control resources by concentrating efforts to prevent infections on the patients who are at greater risk, during the time when the day-specific incidence is highest. PMID- 7211925 TI - Epidemiology of antibiotic-associated colitis; isolation of Clostridium difficile from the hospital environment. AB - Clostridium difficile is the most important cause of antibiotic-associated colitis. Using selective media, it was found that contamination with this organism was common in the environment of patients in the hospital with the disease. It was often found on floors, hoppers, toilets, bedding, mops, scales and furniture. This organism was also present on these items, but less often, in areas in which patients known to carry this hardy spore-forming organism had not been detected. Air, food and walls were negative. The organism was isolated from the hands and stools of asymptomatic hospital personnel. It was also found on surfaces in a patient's home. The importance of the various sources of the organism in its spread in the hospital is not known, and further studies are needed. It is suggested that enteric isolation precautions, and careful handwashing and cleansing of potentially contaminated surfaces and objects may be worthwhile when cases of antibiotic-associated colitis are identified. PMID- 7211927 TI - Management of infections in hospital employees. AB - Hospital employees are often exposed to infectious diseases, both within and outside of the hospital. Susceptible personnel are at risk of acquiring infection and are a possible source of infection for patients, other employees and members of their households. In recent years epidemics in hospitals due to rubella, pertussis, hepatitis B and Legionnaires' disease have included infection transmitted to and from personnel. A comprehensive plan for management of hospital personnel exposed to communicable diseases should include the following: (1) protocols for the management of each of the common infectious diseases; (2) protocols for employees who are at special risk (pregnant women) and employees who work in areas of risk for certain infectious diseases (newborn nursery, clinical and pathology laboratories, hemodialysis unit); (3) assessment of infectious disease experience of new employees by history, skin test (tuberculosis) and serology (rubella, hepatitis B), and a plan for subsequent tests during employment; (4) continuous program of education of employees in infection control; and (5) coordination of policies among administration, employee health service and infection control officer and committee. PMID- 7211928 TI - Hepatitis B infection in hospital personnel during an eight-year period; policies for screening and pregnancy in high risk areas. AB - From 1972 through 1979, acute hepatitis, type B, or asymptomatic hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigenemia developed in 34 employees at Yale-New Haven Hospital. The average yearly incidence of the infection was 1.2 cases per 1,000 employees. The incidence was highest in those administering venipunctures followed, respectively, by those in the emergency room, hemodialysis unit, housestaff, laboratory, general nursing, and support service personnel. Three cases were detected during eight years of routine screening of personnel; in 1972, one of these, a pregnant nurse working in the hemodialysis unit, was moved from that unit. Subsequently, seven personnel in the unit have been transferred during pregnancy. However, staphylococcal pneumonia was acquired by one of them on a medical floor, and another nurse, seeking work in oncology, was not hired while pregnant. Both cases resulted in administrative complaints. Currently, we screen personnel in the hemodialysis and venipuncture units quarterly for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) (participation is optional for those in the emergency room and oncology) and strongly urge seronegative pregnant women to transfer from these areas. PMID- 7211929 TI - Epidemiology of needle-stick injuries in hospital personnel. AB - Accidental needle sticks sustained by hospital personnel account for many hospital-related injuries, but little information is available dealing with risk factors amenable to control. We reviewed 316 reported needle stick injuries- accounting for one third of all work-related accidents--occurring in employees of our hospital over a 47-month period from 1975 to 1979. Housekeeping (127.0 cases per thousand employees annually) and laboratory personnel (104.7 per thousand) experienced the highest incidence of needle-stick injuries, followed by registered nurses (92.6 per thousand), but 60 percent of all injuries occurred in nursing personnel. Physicians rarely reported needle-stick injuries. Most injuries occurred during disposal of used needles (23.7 percent of all injuries), during the administration of parenteral injections or infusion therapy (21.2 percent), drawing blood (16.5 percent), recapping needles after use (12.0 percent), or handling linens or trash containing uncapped needles (16.1 percent). Sixty percent of the personnel who reported a needle puncture injury sought emergency room treatment where management was variable. The total cost of needle puncture injuries in our hospital over a 27-month period of $6,331. We recommend not recapping used needles and making widely available and promoting use of an efficient needle disposal system. All hospital personnel, including physicians, are urged to report needle-stick injuries to the hospital's Employee Health Service where evaluation and management can be effected most consistently by established protocols. PMID- 7211931 TI - Microbiologic sampling of the inanimate environment in U.S. hospitals, 1976-1977. AB - Data obtained in the first two phases of the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC Project) indicate that in 1975 three-quarters of U.S. hospitals performed environmental culturing on a routine basis; however, between 1970 and 1975, one-quarter had reduced the extent of environmental culturing permanently. Large hospitals (greater than or equal to 200 beds) and those with an infection control nurse who had completed a training course in hospital epidemiology were more likely to have reduced the extent of culturing. In 1976 1977 hospitals that performed such culturing collected an average of 500 environmental cultures per year, whereas larger hospitals and those with an infection control nurse collected significantly fewer cultures. Only 28 percent of the approximately two million environmental cultures collected in U.S. hospitals in 1975 were indicated by recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and the American Hospital Association current at the time. PMID- 7211930 TI - Techniques and uses of nosocomial infection surveillance in U.S. hospitals, 1976 1977. AB - From personal interviews in a representative sample of hospitals, we found that 97 per cent of them had some type of infection surveillance system; most involved continuous, hospital-wide surveillance, written definitions of infections, active case-finding methods and basic analytic techniques. Infection control nurses spent an average of about half of their time on surveillance. In larger hospitals (greater than or equal to 200 beds), the heads of the infection surveillance and control programs reported a greater awareness of most nosocomial infections if they were in hospitals with more intensive surveillance systems, and most indicated the surveillance data were used for a variety of specific purposes. Although 81 percent of persons who described surveillance reported using surveillance data in inservice education, only 31 percent of U.S. staff nurses recalled its having been presented. "Clean" wound, surgeon-specific rates of surgical wound infection were reported back to surgeons in only 16 percent of the hospitals. Ninety-seven percent of the hospital administrators believed that surveillance data are not a hindrance in defending the hospital against litigation for alleged malpractice, and 65 percent considered the information more often a help. PMID- 7211932 TI - The joint associations of multiple risk factors with the occurrence of nosocomial infection. AB - To compare nosocomial infection rates estimated in different time periods or in different hospitals, it is necessary to control for differences in the distribution of factors that substantially influence a patient's susceptibility to infection. To evaluate the associations of multiple risk factors with the occurrence of infection at each of four major sites and to develop composite measures for use in controlling for differences in the distribution of risk among groups of patients, we used a multivariate categorical data analysis technique to study the infection experience of 169,518 patients admitted in 1970 to the 338 hospitals studied in the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC, Project). The relative importance of risk factors and their complex interactions varied by site. The factors found to be highly important for one or more sites were duration of urinary catheterization, the patients' intrinsic risk as reflected in their diagnoses and types of surgical procedures, duration of preoperative hospitalization, duration of operation, anatomic location of surgical procedure, previous infection and steroid or immunosuppressive therapy. Site-specific risk strata and estimates of each patient's probability of acquiring infection were developed from these data for use in future SENIC analyses. PMID- 7211933 TI - Progress report on the evaluation of the efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs. AB - The main objective of the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC Project) is to determine whether infection surveillance and control programs have reduced the rates of nosocomial infection in United States hospitals. To study this question, we stratified all hospitals in the SENIC target population into 16 design strata defined by categories of a surveillance and a control index derived from hospitals' responses to a preliminary screening questionnaire, and estimated the nosocomial infection rates among 339,044 randomly selected patients admitted in 1970 and 1975 through 1976 to 338 hospitals selected randomly from the 16 design strata. Finding that the over-all infection rates, standardized for important confounding variables or covariates, in hospitals with higher intensity programs had increased less from 1970 to 1975 1976 than those of hospitals with low intensity programs would indicate the efficacy of these programs. Potentially important confounding variables and covariates being studied include individual patient risk factors, hospital characteristics and the completeness of hospitals' medical records. Since only the first has been explored sufficiently, no conclusions on efficacy can yet be drawn. The analytic techniques were illustrated with preliminary data on infection rates at the four individual sites of infection. PMID- 7211935 TI - Hemophilia. AB - The development of federally funded centers throughout the United States for the diagnosis and treatment of hemophilia, incorporating the concept of comprehensive care by the multidisciplinary team, has brought to the forefront the importance of understanding the role of the "specialist" in the team. The laboratory technologist, as part of this team, must understand the nature of this disorder to be an active participant in the decision-making process for patients with hemophilia. With this information the technologist, in conjunction with the comprehensive care team, can help streamline laboratory care of the patient as well as provide expertise for testing and interpretation of laboratory results. PMID- 7211934 TI - A comparison of three methods for quantitation of variant hemoglobin fractions. AB - Three methods, cellulose acetate electrophoresis-densitometry (CAE-D), cellulose acetate electrophoresis-elution (CAE-E), and microchromatography (MGC), were evaluated to determine the best method for quantitating variant hemoglobins. Evaluations were performed in two phases. In Phase I samples of known hemoglobins were obtained and Hb S and/or Hb C were quantitated by the three methods to evaluate agreement of results. In Phase II reference samples were prepared. The Hb S concentrations from each method were compared to the reference value to determine the effect of varying concentrations of Hb S on the methods. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis-densitometry proved to be the best method for quantitating variant hemoglobins in which the concentration was greater than 35 percent. Microchromatography was shown to be the best method when Hb S was approximately 30 percent. Either the microchromatography or the cellulose acetate electrophoresis-elution method proved to be a good method for quantitating approximately 25 percent Hb S. PMID- 7211936 TI - Hematology problem. AB - A hairy cell is a distinctive neoplastic cellular element with unique morphological and functional properties and is cytochemically identified by the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase reaction. The identification of the hairy cell is essential for the diagnosis but a proper clinical presentation is also necessary. A careful scrutiny of a blood smear for the presence of hairy cells in, for example, a middle-aged male patient with pancytopenia and splenomegaly, is probably the most important step in diagnosis. PMID- 7211937 TI - Urinalysis and clinical renal disease. AB - Urinalysis is a simple, efficient, and accurate guide in the diagnosis of renal disease. By determining a patient's history and obtaining a physical examination, the physician is very often able to diagnose a patient's renal lesion. Heavy proteinuria and a microscopic sediment containing red cells and red cell casts strongly suggest acute glomerulonephritis. The causes of this nephropathy are legion. On the other hand, mild proteinuria and a lack of microscopic findings suggest nephrosclerosis, interstitial nephritis, or acute tubular necrosis in the proper clinical setting. When glomerular disease produces nephrotic syndrome, the various types of glomerular disease can be diagnosed accurately without biopsy in a high percentage of cases. PMID- 7211938 TI - Rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae associated with bacteremia: a preliminary report. AB - A preliminary report of a method to rapidly identify Enterobacteriaceae associated with bacteremia is described. When both bottles of a blood culture set revealed gram-negative rods on the Gram stain, an aliquot of the positive culture sample was repeatedly washed in sterile deionized water to remove RBCs and culture media. The concentrated suspension of organisms was used to inoculate API 20ETM identification strips which were generally read within 6-8 hr. Samples were also processed using conventional techniques. Ten episodes of bacteremia associated with Enterobacteriaceae were correctly identified using this rapid system. One Klebsiella pneumoniae with growth only in the aerobic bottle was excluded from the study, but was identified by conventional methods. Further advantages of this protocol are described. PMID- 7211939 TI - Direct methods for the determination of lead in whole blood by anodic stripping voltammetry. AB - Two methods for the direct determination of lead in whole blood by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) are described. The procedure in both methods involved the mixing of micro blood samples with a metal releasing reagent, Metexchange, and electrochemical analysis using carbon electrodes. A multiple Anodic Stripping Analyzer equipped with composite graphite mercury electrodes and a Charge Transfer Analyzer equipped with a mercury film electrode were employed. The standard addition method was used to minimize the matrix effects of whole blood. The ASV results correlated well with those obtained by flameless atomic absorption analysis. The methods are simple, reliable, and suitable for applications in the clinical field. The procedure using the Charge Transfer Analyzer is recommended because of its sensitivity and rapidity. PMID- 7211940 TI - The supervisor's preservice education responsibility. AB - One of management's most overlooked tools for effective supervision and enhancement of new employee morale is the preservice education program. A well planned and structured orientation period provides new employees with a better understanding of their new duties and responsibilities. This article focuses on the scope of topics to be included in a preservice education program, as well as some of the organizational benefits derived from the process. PMID- 7211941 TI - Diagnostic clinical parasitology. III. Identification of the helminths. PMID- 7211942 TI - ASMT comments on H.R. 6057 Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1979. PMID- 7211944 TI - Congenital lethal metaphyseal chondrodysplasia: a newly recognized complex autosomal recessive disorder. AB - This is a report of two brothers, born within a year of each other, with a similar skeletal disorder of severe congenital metaphyseal involvement, mild rhizomelic shortness of upper limbs, and mild platyspondyly. Both died at three days of cardio-respiratory insufficiency, but only one had ante-mortem lab tests which showed low calcium, high phosphorus, and high alkaline phosphatase levels attributed to a renal defect. On autopsy this same infant was found to have pulmonary, renal and adrenal hemorrhage, and subendocardial myocarditis and myocardial necrosis. The pathogenetic relationship between these manifestations is presently unclear; however, since parents are normal and recently had an affected baby girl, it is presumed that this disorder is an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 7211945 TI - A 48,XXXX female with absence of ovaries. AB - A 16 1/2-year-old phenotypic female had primary amenorrhea, mild mental retardation, radioulnar synostosis, and other minor anomalies. Chromosome constitution of leukocytes and skin fibroblasts was 48,XXXX. Plasma levels of gonadotropins were increased, and those of estrogens, decreased consistent with ovarian failure. Laparoscopy showed a small midline uterus, and 2 fallopian tubes, and fimbriae. Neither ovaries nor gonadal streaks were seen on either side. This patient appears to represent the first instance of 48,XXXX aneuploidy with documented absence of ovaries. PMID- 7211943 TI - Prenatal diagnosis: too little control (Part I) PMID- 7211948 TI - Travel report: human genetics of high interest in China. PMID- 7211946 TI - Amniotic 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone and HLA typing for the prenatal diagnosis of 21-alpha hydroxylase deficiency--congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - We have investigated a family with one child affected with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Prenatal determination of 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) in amniotic fluid (AF) and HLA typing of amniotic fibroblasts from a pregnancy at risk showed that the fetus was not affected. A healthy cousin with HLA haplotypes identical to those of the proposita (only one being identical by descent) had a normal plasma level of 17OHP. The prenatal diagnosis of a fetus affected with 21-hydroxylase deficiency CAH may be established by the determination of 17OHP in AF. This is a relatively quick procedure that can be confirmed by the HLA genotype, and is mandatory in families with a parent homozygous for an HLA haplotype and in certain recombinant haplotypes in the fetus. PMID- 7211947 TI - Achalasia and microcephaly. AB - The authors report the combination of achalasia, microcephaly, and mental retardation in three surviving sisters and similar manifestations in a brother who died after recurrent vomiting and respiratory infections. The achalasia in the females was relieved with an operation. There was no demonstrable chromosomal abnormality. In this family achalasia, microcephaly, and mental retardation occurred together as an apparent autosomal recessive syndrome. PMID- 7211949 TI - Duplication 11p11.3 leads to 14.1 to meiotic crossing--over. AB - An infant with macular dysfunction, cleft lip and palate, and developmental delay was shown to have an inverted duplication of 11p11.3 leads to p14.1 on the basis of meiotic recombination subsequent to an intrachromosomal "shift" in his mother. A half-sister had previously been shown [3] to have the reciprocal recombinant with resultant deletion of 11p11.3 leads to 11p14.1. PMID- 7211950 TI - A case of partial trisomy 8p resulting from a maternal balanced translocation. PMID- 7211951 TI - Frequency of new mutants among boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Haldane's rule states that one-third of the cases of an X-linked recessive lethal should represent new mutations. This rule is derived under the assumptions that there is equilibrium between mutation and selection, that mutation rates in ova and sperm are equal, and that heterozygous and homozygous normal women have the same fitness. To test this rule for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), we have examined the mothers of 55 boys with DMD (16 familial and 39 isolated cases) and classified them as carriers or noncarriers on the basis of measures of ribosomal protein synthesis (RPS). Of the 55 mothers, only nine (16.4%) are classified as noncarriers, a figure significantly different from the expected one-third. When the analysis is limited to the 39 mothers of isolated cases, 23.1% (9/39) are classified as noncarriers, still significantly different than expected under Haldane's rule. Violation of any of the assumptions under which Haldane's rule is derived could lead to deviations from the expected one-third new mutants. We find the most likely explantation to be a higher male than female mutation rate. This is supported also by the finding that maternal grandfathers in whom a mutation occurred had higher mean age at birth of the carrier daughter (33.7 +/- 1.6) than did the general population or intrapedigree controls (29.5 +/- 1.3). PMID- 7211953 TI - Short stature, psychomotor retardation, and unusual facial appearance in two brothers. AB - Described here are clinical, radiological, and morphological studies of two brothers with an apparently previously undescribed mental retardation syndrome. PMID- 7211952 TI - Congenital hypothalamic hamartoblastoma, hypopituitarism, imperforate anus and postaxial polydactyly--a new syndrome? Part I: clinical, causal, and pathogenetic considerations. AB - We report on six infants with a neonatally lethal malformation syndrome of hypothalamic hamartoblastoma, postaxial polydactyly, and imperforate anus. Some, but not all, patients had laryngeal cleft, abnormal lung lobulation, renal agenesis and/or renal dysplasia, short 4th metacarpals, nail dysplasia, multiple buccal frenula, hypoadrenalism, microphallus, congenital heart defect, and intrauterine growth retardation. The infants also had hypopituitarism and hypoadrenalism. All were sporadic cases, parents were not consanguineous, chromosomes were apparently normal. Family histories were unremarkable. There was insecticide and/or herbicide exposure in several of the cases, but no exposures were common to all 6 mothers. Five of the patients were born within an 8-month period, but all in different geographic locations. It is postulated that this is a previously apparently unreported syndrome of presently unknown cause. PMID- 7211954 TI - Congenital hypothalamic hamartoblastoma, hypopituitarism, imperforate anus, and postaxial polydactyly--a new syndrome? Part II: Neuropathological considerations. AB - Unusual and virtually identical hypothalamic tumors were recently studied in three unrelated neonates with a similar complex malformation syndrome. Previous reports of either the hypothalamic tumors or the syndrome as a whole have not been found. Each tumor was apparent on the inferior surface of the cerebrum and extended from the optic chiasma to the interpeduncular fossa. The tumor replaced the hypothalamus and other nuclei which originate in the embryonic hypothalamic plate; it was principally composed of cells resembling primitive, undifferentiated germinal cells. The term "hamartoblastoma" is used to designate these tumors in order to emphasize the malformational and neoplastic aspects. In addition, short olfactory tracts suggest a relation to the arrhinencephaly field defect. PMID- 7211955 TI - Oligohydramnios hampering prenatal diagnosis of Meckel syndrome. PMID- 7211956 TI - Nonspecific X-linked mental retardation II: the frequency in British Columbia. AB - Data on nonspecific mental retardation in two or more sibs ascertained from the British Columbia Health Surveillance Registry are utilized to calculate the frequency of X-linked mental retardation in the population of British Columbia (B.C.). In the 1950-1969 birth cohort there are 107 sibships with only males affected and 35 sibships with only females affected giving an excess of 72 male affected sibships. Family histories of the sibships with two more more mentally retarded males provide evidence that the mothers of the excess of male-affected sibships are carriers of X-linked mental retardation. Thus, a frequency of 1.83 per 1,000 males for X-linked mental retardation and carrier frequency of 2.44 per 1,000 females are calculated. This frequency can account for all the excess of males in the population who are affected with nonspecific mental retardation. We estimate that seven to 19 X-linked genes exist to cause nonspecific mental retardation, and that the frequency of the marker-X chromosome, associated with X linked mental retardation in some families, may be 0.92 per 1,000 male births. PMID- 7211958 TI - X-linked mental retardation: Renpenning revisited. AB - Nine men with X-linked mental retardation (MR) belonging to the family originally described by Renpenning and his colleagues have been reexamined and restudied. None of these men have the fragile X chromosome, and none have macro-orchidism; their testes range in size from small to average. All but one are severely retarded; one has an IQ of 70, the mean IQ of the remainder is 30 with a range of 18 to 45. They are short in stature, have small or normal-size ears and lower jaws, and a moderate degree of microcephaly, the mean skull circumference being just below two standard deviations from the normal. PMID- 7211957 TI - X-linked mental retardation: a study of 7 families. AB - Seven families with X-linked mental retardation (MR) have been studied clinically and cytogenetically. All affected males in six of the families were found to have a fragile site on Xq in a number of their peripheral lymphocytes. The fragile site was not seen in any of the affected males in the seventh family. The affected males in the six families with the fragile X had a syndrome characterized by a variable degree of MR, macro-orchidism, a characteristic repetitive, jocular speech, normal body proportions, and large jaws and ears. The fragile X chromosome could only be detected in a proportion of female carriers and its frequency in females was found to be correlated with their mental status to be inversely correlated with their age. PMID- 7211959 TI - Fragile X-linked mental retardation. PMID- 7211960 TI - Site-specific reciprocal translocation, t(11;22) (q23;q11), in several unrelated families with 3:1 meiotic disjunction. AB - We have studied 32 unrelated families with a site-specific reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22 [t(11;22) (q23;q11)]. In translocation heterozygotes 3:1 meiotic segregation occurs and results in abnormal progeny who carry the der(22) as a supernumerary chromosome. Phenotypic findings consistent with 47,XX (or XY), +der(22), t(11;22) include mental retardation, preauricular skin tag and/or sinus, ear anomaly, palate anomaly, micrognathia, congenital heart disease, and genital anomalies in males. The frequency of abortions among offspring of male and female heterozygotes is increased. Segregation analysis shows that the risk of unbalanced offspring to be born to female heterozygotes may be as high as 10%, and that there may be a significant risk to male heterozygotes as well. The overall carrier frequency among progeny of 11;22 translocation carriers is 70.6%. The occurrence of multiple 11;22 translocation events is supported by de novo occurrence of translocation, familial heteromorphic variants of the der(22), and varied racial and ethnic backgrounds of the families. To our knowledge, with the exclusion of centric fusion translocations, this represents the only example of nonrandom exchange in a constitutional chromosomal rearrangement. PMID- 7211963 TI - The estimation of phenotype distributions from pedigree data. AB - A method is described to estimate from pedigree data that probability density function of a quantitative phenotype, given a specific genotype. Theoretically, pedigrees of any size or complexity that are segregating for conditions of known Mendelian inheritance can be used. Under certain circumstances, the estimates are unbiased by the method of ascertainment. PMID- 7211962 TI - Confidence bands for the growth of head circumference in achondroplastic children during the first year of life. AB - Confidence bands are established for the growth of head circumference in achondroplastic children during their first year of life. the model of (formula see text), where a = (1, t,t2) and t is aged expressed in months provides the best estimated population mean curve with 95% confidence limits. PMID- 7211961 TI - Lower limb anomalies in the thrombocytopenia absent-radius (TAR) syndrome. AB - We report a case of the TAR syndrome with severe abnormalities of the lower limbs. The syndrome of thrombocytopenia and radial deformities occasionally presents diagnostic difficulties when severe limb anomalies are present. Based on this case and 2 additional cases from the literature, reduction anomalies of the lower limbs should be considered part of the TAR syndrome. PMID- 7211964 TI - A technique to facilitate delivery of the high-floating head at cesarean section. AB - When cesarean section is performed before labor has lengthened and attenuated the lower uterine segment one may encounter considerable difficulty delivering the floating fetal head. The result is often either traumatic or deliberate extension of the uterine incision and undue delay in delivering the infant. This report describes a practical technique to facilitate delivery of the infant in this difficult circumstance. PMID- 7211965 TI - The Swan-Ganz catheter and its application in the gynecologic patient. AB - Swan-Ganz catheters were used in the pre- and postoperative management of 22 gynecologic patients admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit, University of Miami School of Medicine. Primary indications include preoperative assessment of fluid and volume status, evaluation of patients with severe heart disease, and management of multisystem organ failure. Seventeen patients required ventilatory assistance and 15 patients required vasoactive drugs as determined by Swan-Ganz measurements. With a low complication rate and highly reliable cardiopulmonary data, the Swan-Ganz catheter should be considered routinely in the optimal management of the critically ill or high-risk gynecologic patient. PMID- 7211966 TI - Objective evidence that placebo and oral medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy diminish menopausal vasomotor flushes. AB - The vasomotor flush (VMF) is the most common reason for menopausal women to seek hormonal therapy, but the evaluation of therapeutic regimens has been hampered by the observation that placebo therapy can decrease VMF and, until recently, by a lack of objective criteria of measurement of the VMF. Using the objective criteria of temperature elevations (TEs) and luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses, we evaluated the effect of placebo and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on VMF. MPA and possibly also placebo were found to reduce not only the subjectively noted VMF but also the frequency of TEs recorded. In addition, MPA, but not placebo, significantly reduced the frequency and amplitude of LH pulses. Possible mechanisms of action of MPA and placebo therapy are discussed. PMID- 7211967 TI - Ultrasonic observation of the mechanism of human ovulation. AB - Nine subjects were studied by means of ultrasound to determine the precise time of ovulation and to document follicular changes immediately prior to, during, and after rupture. There were no demonstrable changes in the size of appearance of the follicle over a period of up to 7 hours prior to its rupture. In one of the four subjects in whom follicular collapse was witnessed, the follicle emptied completely within less than 1 minute. In two of the other three subjects, there was an initial rapid loss of fluid followed by a flower release of the remaining contents. This latter process took 7 minutes in the first patient and 35 minutes in the second patient. The slow phase of follicular collapse may well be an important aspect in the release of the ovum. The corpus hemorrhagicum was seen to develop within 1 hour of ovulation. PMID- 7211968 TI - Basal cell pseudopodia in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; progressive reduction of number with severity: a morphometric quantification. AB - An application of a morphometric model is used to study the stroma epithelial interface in human cervical epithelium. This model derived by Okagaki and associates estimates from two dimensional transmission electron photomicrographs the number of basal cell pseudopodia per basal cell. The investigation of the full spectrum of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) focusing on the basal cell-stroma interface with the "multiple cell-single section" model is discussed. Significant decreases in histopathologic grades of CIN are noted in the number of pseudopodia per basal cell (N) and the ratio (F) of the area of the stems of pseudopodia to the area of the base of the basal cell. PMID- 7211971 TI - An applicator for the Hulka fallopian tube clip. AB - Use of the Hulka spring clip has advantages over other methods of occluding the fallopian tubes. Since difficulties were experienced with clip applicators from two manufactures, an improved applicator was designed. A similar applicator for use at minilaparotomy is described also. PMID- 7211970 TI - Corticosteroid-binding globulin as a biologic assay for endogenous estrogen in patients with and without endometrial carcinoma. AB - Serum corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) concentrations in blood respond to endogenous or exogenous estrogens in a dose-response manner and serve as a biologic assay for estrogens. Because endometrial carcinoma is associated with unopposed or excessive estrogen stimulation, the CBG binding capacity of sera of patients with endometrial cancer was compared to that of normal premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The mean +/- SEM values for CBG concentrations in patients with endometrial cancer (28.3 +/- 1.3 mg/L) were significantly greater than CBG concentrations in premenopausal women (21.4 +/- 0.9 mg/L, p less than 0.001), but not significantly different from those of normal postmenopausal women (26.7 +/- 1.2 mg/L). Patients with polycystic ovarian disease, a risk factor for endometrial carcinoma, also had CBG concentrations significantly greater than those of normal premenopausal women (27.9 +/- 1.8 mg/L, p less than 0.01). CBG levels decline with age (r = -0.6474, p less than 0.05) but are unaffected by body weight or percent ideal body weight. These results indicate that CBG can distinguish categories of patients at risk for endometrial carcinoma, but it is not an effective biochemical marker for patients in these high-risk groups who have or will develop endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 7211969 TI - The presence of gonadotropin binding sites in the intracellular organelles of human ovaries. AB - The nuclei (N), plasma membranes (PM), mitochondria-lysosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and combined (light, medium, and heavy) Golgi (G) fractions were isolated from human ovaries. The purities of these fractions were evaluated by assays of appropriate marker enzymes, which revealed that some fractions were very pure but that others had minor contamination. When tested, all of the fractions exhibited 125I-labeled human chorionic gonadotropin (125I-hCG)-specific binding. This intracellular 125I-hCG binding was not due to PM contamination because: (1) N, which had no detectable 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NE) activity, a marker for PM, exhibited 125I-hCG-specific binding; (2) the G, which had only a fraction of the 5'-NE activity of PM, exhibited as much binding as PM; and (3) the ratios between specific 125I-hCG binding and 5'-NE activity in other fractions were not the same as for PM. They should have been the same if PM contamination was responsible for the 125I-hCG binding observed in other organelles. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that gonadotropin-binding sites are present in various intracellular organelles as well as in PM of human ovaries. PMID- 7211972 TI - Randomized trial of ambulation versus oxytocin for labor enhancement: a preliminary report. AB - Published reports imply that intrapartum ambulation may improve labor. This suggests the possible efficacy of ambulation in labors requiring augmentation, provided that adequate monitoring surveillance is maintained. Fourteen patients who failed to progress in active-phase labor, and who required augmentation for "inadequate" contractions were randomized into ambulation (eight) and oxytocin (six) groups. Internal fetal monitoring was used in all patients for 30 minute baseline and 2 hour study periods, with two-channel telemetry used in ambulating patients. Oxytocin was administered by infusion pump. Study parameters included changes in cervical dilation and station, contraction frequency, intensity and baseline tonus, and uterine activity. Labor progress was slightly but not significantly better in the ambulatory group. A mean increase in uterine activity units (UAU) in the ambulatory group was immediate to ranges not reached in the oxytocin group for 2 hours. Increase in Montevideo units was slightly greater in the ambulatory group during the first hour, but was exceeded by the oxytocin group during the second hour. These initial observations seem to indicate that, in terms of labor progress and initial effects on uterine activity, ambulation is as effective as oxytocin for the enhancement of labor and warrants further investigation. PMID- 7211973 TI - Utilization of prenatal genetic diagnosis in women 35 years of age and older in the United States, 1977 to 1978. AB - As a measure of access to and acceptability of prenatal chromosomal diagnosis among older gravidas, we determined the ratio of use of prenatal diagnosis among women 35 years of age and older in Alabama, California, Manhattan, and Nebraska for the period 1977-1978. Utilization ratios were higher in 1978. Overall, utilization ratios were between 6% and 28%, well below the adjusted rates of 40% to 50% found in certain United States and British localities. Urban women tended to have higher utilization ratios than had rural women, and white women had higher ratios than had black women. Ratios were extremely low for black and rural residents. The oldest women (those greater than or equal to 40 years), who were at fivefold greater risk than women 35 to 36 years of age, had less than a onefold increase in utilization over the latter groups. The vast majority of older gravidas initiated prenatal care sufficiently early in their pregnancies to receive prenatal diagnosis. Current program strategies need to ensure access to prenatal diagnosis, especially for women greater than or equal to 40 years of age, women who are black, and women who live in rural areas. PMID- 7211975 TI - Uterine and peripheral blood concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen. AB - One hypothesis is that two placental protein hormones (human placental lactogen and human chorionic gonadotropin) are effective immunosuppressive agents that prevents the rejection of a fetus because of their very high concentrations. In patients undergoing elective repeat cesarean sections at term, we measured the concentrations of these hormones in blood obtained simultaneously from draining ovarian veins and peripheral veins, and found no significant differences. PMID- 7211974 TI - Maternal death after cesarean section in Georgia. AB - Few reliable data exist on the risk of maternal death from cesarean section. To identify more deaths after cesarean section than reported by vital records alone, we linked data from Georgia resident live-birth certificates to those from death certificates of Georgia women aged 10 to 44 years. We found 16 maternal deaths after cesarean section in Georgia during 1975 and 1976, five more (45%) than the 11 reported through vital records alone. We attributed nine of these 16 deaths to the cesarean section per se. We than calculated a total death-to-case rate of 105.3 deaths per 100,000 cesarean sections and a rate attributable to cesarean section of 59.3 deaths per 100,000 procedures. Pulmonary embolism and cardiopulmonary arrest during general anesthesia were the leading causes of death in this series. Preventive measures aimed at reducing these complications may reduce deaths after cesarean section. PMID- 7211976 TI - A cyclic variation in thyroid-stimulating hormone in the fetal rhesus monkey. AB - Morning and evening simultaneous fetal and maternal plasma samples were analyzed for thyroid-stimulating hormone. An a.m.-p.m. variation in fetal concentrations was identified, whereas the majority of the maternal values (28 of 32) were below the sensitivity of the assay. The importance of this cyclic fetal activity is discussed. PMID- 7211977 TI - Observations on the behavioral state of newborn infants during the first hour of life. A comparison of infants delivered by the Leboyer and conventional methods. AB - Minute-by-minute observations are reported on the behavioral state during the first hour of life of 18 term infants delivered by the Leboyer (L) method and 18 by the conventional (C) method. The mothers were unmedicated and only two women in each group received epidural anesthetics. All deliveries were spontaneous and the infants were healthy. The behavioural states of both groups of infants were very similar, with the infants spending approximately 60% of the first hour in the quiet-alert state (median time: L = 41.5 C = 35.0 minutes) and only 10% of the time in the irritable-crying state. ALthough there were some individual differences, both groups of infants spent the second 30 minutes of the first hour predominantly in the quiet-alert state. The clinical relevance of these observations is that the first hour of life can be used to advantage in promoting parent-infant interaction. PMID- 7211978 TI - Fetal umbilical venous flow measured in utero by pulsed Doppler and B-mode ultrasound. I. Normal pregnancies. AB - Umbilical venous blood flow was measured with a pulsed Doppler unit, which was used in combination with a B-mode ultrasonic imaging system to permit location of the umbilical vein and measurement of its cross-sectional area. The accuracy and limitations of the method are discussed. Forty-seven normal fetuses with gestational ages ranging from 22 weeks to term were studied on a total of 61 occasions. Flow increased with gestational age until 36 weeks, was maximal between 37 and 38 weeks, then decreased during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy. Flow per unit of fetal weight was constant during pregnancy until 36 to 37 weeks, when a reduction occurred. PMID- 7211981 TI - Sonographic demonstration of uterine contraction during amniocentesis. PMID- 7211980 TI - Ototoxicity of erythromycin gluceptate. PMID- 7211982 TI - The decision-making process. Presidential address. PMID- 7211983 TI - Carcinoma of the cervix: an attempt to individualize treatment. Results of a 20 year cooperative study. PMID- 7211979 TI - Seasonality of monthly birth rate in Pennsylvania: implications for health care planning. PMID- 7211984 TI - "Aging" pigments in term human placenta. AB - First-, second-, and third-trimester placentas were examined with fluorescent microscopy for the presence of lipofuscin pigments. Prior to 32 weeks' gestation these were not seen, but they were routinely found in the trophoblast of the term placenta. These pigments may or may not represent "aging" of the placenta. PMID- 7211985 TI - Intrauterine fetal transfusion in 365 fetuses during fifteen years. PMID- 7211986 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the cervix. I. Clinical evaluation and pathologic features. AB - A series of 137 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the cervix is presented with emphasis on clinical and histologic features. Adenocarcinoma has several distinct histologic patterns that may occur in a pure form but often occur (44%) in combinations of two or more patterns. Mixtures of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma occur in one third of the patients and squamous intraepithelial neoplasia occurs in one tenth. Transmission electron microscopy is helpful in classifying poorly differentiated tumors. Preliminary recurrence/survival data suggest that the identification of patterns and subpatterns has no prognostic significance, nor is there evidence that adenocarcinoma (or adenosquamous carcinoma) metastasizes earlier, metastasizes more frequently, or is more radioresistant. For most patients, treatment may be the same as that for squamous cell carcinoma but a few selected patients with bulky central lesions may benefit from combined therapy consisting of whole-pelvis irradiation and conservative hysterectomy. PMID- 7211987 TI - Cervicography: a new method for cervical cancer detection. AB - A new diagnostic method, cervicography, provides permanent, objective documentation of normal and abnormal cervical patterns. The projected cervicogram is comparable to direct visual colposcopic magnification and resolution. The cervicogram can be obtained by a technician and sent to an expert for evaluation. A study of 700 women was undertaken to compare the diagnostic accuracy of colposcopic, cytologic, and cervicographic findings. In 296 women with abnormal cytologic findings, 136 cases of dysplasia or carcinoma were diagnosed by directed biopsy. In 91.1%, both colposcopic and cervicographic findings were suspicious; 2.9% of the cases were detected solely by cervicography, and 5.9% were detected solely by colposcopy. In 404 routinely screened patients with no previous abnormal cytologic findings, nine cases (2.2%) of dysplasia were detected solely as a result of cervicographic screening. PMID- 7211989 TI - Statistical analysis of the rate of recurrence of herpesvirus ocular epithelial disease. AB - We studied prospectively the rate of recurrence of epithelial herpetic disease in patients with at least two previously documented episodes of herpes. The estimate of probable recurrence was 24.5% +/- 4.8% within 12 months and 32.9% +/- 6.5% within 24 months. We found no significant correlation between rate of recurrence and either the age or the sex of the patient. However, the length of time between the two attacks suffered before the study was significantly associated with the length of the interval between entering the study and the next recurrence. Short intervals between previous attacks tended to be associated with short intervals between future attacks, and, therefore, with a higher recurrence rate. By eliminating a given patient from the study after one recurrence, we avoided serious biasing. PMID- 7211988 TI - An analysis of adolescent health care and the role of the obstetrician gynecologist. AB - There has been documented an increase in sexual activity in adolescents in the United States and a resultant increase in related health care for pregnancy, abortion, contraception, and sexually transmitted disease. This study characterizes some elements of these services and the attitudes of physicians in regard to adolescent sexuality. The Female Datafile from the University of Southern California--Mendenhall Manpower Study and the survey of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists on adolescent pregnancy suggest that obstetrician-gynecologists provide a large portion of health care to both adult (14.6%) and adolescent women (7.7%); that reproductive health care is primarily provided by obstetrician-gynecologists to female adolescents (76%); that adolescent care is generally less comprehensive in private practice than is recommended; that obstetrician-gynecologists could be the primary care physicians for both adult and adolescent women, since they are increasingly the medical contact point, especially after age 14; and, in view of the negative attitudes of physicians to adolescent sexual practices, that some training or reorientation will probably be necessary to prevent judgmental approaches from interfering with the physician-adolescent patient relationship. PMID- 7211990 TI - Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome with focal neurologic signs. AB - The Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome includes inflammation of the uveal tract, retina, and meninges. Integumentary and auditory signs are common. Neurologic involvement has been reported. We studied two patients who manifested many of the varied clinical signs of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, but who also showed focal neurologic involvement, including acute transverse myelitis and ciliary ganglionitis. Both patients responded well to corticosteroid therapy. The findings in these patients and the results of previous studies suggest that Vogt Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is a cell-mediated autoimmune disorder in which a component of myelin acts as an inciting antigen. PMID- 7211992 TI - External carotid-cavernous fistula in an infant. AB - A 7-week-old infant developed a nontraumatic fistula of the external carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Therapeutic embolization produced an uncomplicated clinical and angiographic cure. Treatment was prompted by the availability of new methods of treatment and our hope of preventing irreversible anatomic and visual sequelae. PMID- 7211991 TI - Oculocutaneous albinism associated with corneal mesodermal dysgenesis. AB - A 48-year-old woman had tyrosine-negative oculocutaneous albinism and corneal mesodermal dysgenesis of the Axenfeld type. Results of chromosome analysis were normal, and no other family members showed the association of these two conditions. The rarity with which the association has been reported suggests that this combination of findings is probably coincidental. PMID- 7211993 TI - Orbital melanocytic hamartoma. AB - A male Chinese neonate had a melanocytic hamartoma that involved the entire orbit and the eye, but did not involve the orbital bones or eyelid skin. Although usually benign, these hamartomas may be locally invasive, and rare cases of malignant transformation have occurred. PMID- 7211994 TI - Demodicosis of ophthalmic concern. AB - Hair-follicle mites are the only metazoan organism commonly found in the pilosebaceous components of the eyelid of man. Our study showed that Demodex folliculorum in all stages is found in the small hair follicles and the eyelash hair follicles. This species, in adult and immature forms, consumes epithelial cells, produces follicular distension and hyperplasia, and increases keratinization leading, in eyelashes, to cuffing consisting of keratin and lipid moieties. Demodex brevis (in all stages) is present in the eyelash sebaceous glands, small hair sebaceous glands, and in the lobules of the meibomian glands. Adults and immature forms consume the gland cells in all of these loci and, when infestations are heavy, can affect the formation of the superficial lipid layer of the tear film coacervate. Comparative studies of demodicids from man and other mammals suggest that keratinization, hyperplasia, distension, and melanocyte aggregation may be even more extensive if large populations of D. folliculorum build up in the follicles of the eyelid. Large populations of D. brevis may destroy the glandular cells, produce granuloma in the eyelid, and plug the ducts of the meibomian or sebaceous glands. Further studies may incriminate either or both species, in conjunction with microorganisms, as transfer agents or synergists, or both, in producing ocular disease in man. Prevention and control of these mites must await experimental studies with infested laboratory animals (such as the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus). These mites are probably most vulnerable during transfer stages, when they leave their glandular or follicular habitats. PMID- 7211995 TI - Miosis from echothiophate in patients with total oculomotor nerve paralysis from intracranial abnormalities. AB - Seven subjects with intracranial pathologic abnormalities received bilateral instillations of echothiophate. Six had unilateral third (oculomotor) nerve paralysis; one had unilateral third nerve paresis. All 14 eyes became miotic. Miosis was greater in the defective eye in three subjects, greater in the normal eye in two subjects, and equal in two subjects. The neurons originating in the ciliary ganglion and terminating on the sphincter pupillae muscle may exhibit spontaneous activity. Echothiophate, by preventing acetylcholine hydrolysis, may have allowed this transmitter to accumulate and to produce miosis. The amount of maximal miosis in the abnormal eye after bilateral instillation of echothiophate drops may vary from that in the normal eye. The causes of this variation include denervation supersensitivity of the sphincter pupillae muscle, partial paresis of the dilator pupillae muscle, and increased drug penetration in the abnormal eye. PMID- 7211996 TI - Senile lens changes and diabetes in two population studies. AB - Clinical and epidemiologic studies of the association between senile cataract and diabetes have produced what initially appears to be conflicting evidence. Three studies of extracted cataract have found a positive association in persons less than 70 years old. Conversely, two studies of senile lens changes (including aphakia) reported no association with diabetes. These apparently disparate findings led to the hypothesis that the diseases are in fact not associated, but that diabetics are more likely to be referred to ophthalmologists and therefore to have cataracts removed. We tested this hypothesis with data from two population surveys, the Framingham Eye Study and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES). Both studies showed a marked excess prevalence of senile cataract (including aphakia) in diabetics less than 65 years old (relative risks of 4.02 and 2.97, respectively). Beyond the age of 64 years, the HANES study but not the Framingham study showed an excess prevalence, although it was less marked (relative risks of 1.63 and 1.02, respectively). For senile lens changes other than cataract, both studies showed little, if any, association with diabetes. Our results for cataract (whether removed or not) were generally consistent with those of previous studies of extracted cataract for persons under the age of 70 years and for persons aged 70 years or more. The two studies that reported no association between lens changes and diabetes provided information inadequate to support or refute the foregoing findings. The various studies failed to support increased referral of diabetics to ophthalmologists as an explanation for the observed association. All these studies found the association in persons less than 70 years old, whether the cataract had been removed or not. PMID- 7211998 TI - A counter for fixed-frame endothelial cell analysis. AB - We developed a simple electronic counter for fixed-frame endothelial cell analysis by modifying an ink cartridge pen and an inexpensive pocket calculator. PMID- 7211997 TI - Cicatricial ectropion and lacrimal obstruction associated with the sclerodermoid variant of porphyria cutanea tarda. AB - A patient with porphyria cutanea tarda developed bilateral cicatricial ectropion with stenosis of the puncta and canaliculi. The pathophysiologic findings suggested a photosensitivity reaction in sites of uroporphyrin and 7-carboxyl porphyrin deposition. PMID- 7211999 TI - A new mobile armrest. AB - We have developed a weight-and-pulley armrest for surgeons to use during ocular microsurgery. The armrest is mobile, sterilizable, and allows the weight stress on the forearm to be regulated. PMID- 7212000 TI - Syphilitic optic perineuritis. AB - We examined a patient who had syphilitic perioptic neuritis, a rarely diagnosed inflammation of the sheaths of the optic nerves that may be confused with papilledema caused by brain tumor or pseudotumor cerebri. The visual acuity was typically normal, and the only visual-field abnormality was enlargement of the blind spots. After we excluded an intracranial mass lesion, the diagnosis was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid serologic findings positive for syphilis and normal intracranial pressure. Anti-inflammatory and antisyphilitic therapy resolved all the symptoms in our patient. PMID- 7212001 TI - Intraocular lens power formulas. PMID- 7212002 TI - Temporary increase in myopia after high-altitude climbing. PMID- 7212003 TI - Pharmacologic localization in Horner's syndrome. PMID- 7212004 TI - Photocoagulation in toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. PMID- 7212005 TI - Senile lens and senile macular changes. PMID- 7212006 TI - Environmental interactions in psychiatric occupational therapy--some inferences. AB - Five inferences drawn from research studies in the social sciences on the assessment of psychiatric ward atmospheres are presented as a frame of reference for psychiatric occupational therapists. The studies, based on a model stating that behavior results from the interaction of person and environment, suggest procedures for increasing successful treatment outcomes in occupational therapy. Such procedures include matching patients and staff to behavioral settings according to individual response traits and the development of programs emphasizing such variables as spontaneity, autonomy, and involvement. PMID- 7212007 TI - Mental health evaluations used in occupational therapy. AB - To each students occupational therapy evaluation techniques (or methods) in psychiatry, evaluations currently being used in the field were identified. Three consecutive surveys were sent to occupational therapy faculty, clinical supervisors, and clinicians to ascertain which evaluation techniques were being taught, those which the students were expected to know about in their fieldwork experiences, and those which were practiced in the field. On an average, occupational therapy schools were teaching four evaluation tools. Affiliating students were expected to know about 3 of 24 evaluation tools listed in the survey, and none of the evaluation techniques were being practiced significantly by occupational therapists. Since 75 percent of the therapists reported that they developed their own evaluation tools, it was suggested that instructors be familiar with the existing evaluation tools and teach students the methodology required for developing their own evaluation tools (or instruments). PMID- 7212008 TI - Certification of occupational therapists in the public schools: the Wisconsin experience. AB - The history of public school certification for occupational and physical therapists is reviewed. The process used to develop the current standards for certification of public school occupational therapists in Wisconsin and the standards that resulted are described. The implications of school certification requirements are discussed in terms of basic professional education in occupational therapy, and recommendations are made regarding the establishment of certification standards for school-based therapists. PMID- 7212009 TI - A model of human occupation, Part 3, benign and vicious cycles. AB - Earlier papers in this series conceptualized occupation as an open system phenomenon, with change the central theme. This paper presents an explanation of adaptive and maladaptive changes in the concept of benign and vicious cycles. Hypothetical case material is used to illustrate how the model could be applied to an explanation of change in occupational behavior. The paper also outlines how the concept of benign and vicious cycles, as conceptualized in the present model, can guide clinical intervention. PMID- 7212010 TI - Optometric practice patterns: British Columbia. AB - A government task force on vision care delivery in British Columbia studied the practice patterns of optometrists in that province. Their aim is to develop a coordinated system of vision care. A questionnaire was mailed to all optometrists in the province. The 84% response rate, with representative regional distribution, gave information on professional time spent in various activities, the use of assistants, indications of attitude toward and participation in community activities, and satellite practices. The information is compared with other studies and inferences are made in relation to workload and the efficient allocation of time. Special note is made of political and other factors that must be rationalized in order to provide a coordinates system of vision care which utilizes the expertise of optometrists in an optimal manner. PMID- 7212011 TI - Corneal edema with hydrogel lenses and eye closure: time course. AB - Central corneal thickness changes during the wearing of hydrogel lenses under closed-eye conditions were measured for two subjects. Each wore an investigational ultrathin Bausch & Lomb Soflens contact lens (series X-176) on one eye only under closed-eye conditions for periods ranging from 30 min to 6 hr. The other eye served as a control. Corneal thickness of the control eyes increased gradually and reached a maximum increase of about 4% at the end of the 4-hr wearing trial. Corneal thickness in the experimental eyes also increased with wearing time during the first 4 hr and then remained fairly constant up to a wearing time of 6 hr. The maximum thickness increases for the two subjects were 9.8 and 9.1%, respectively. About 80% of the maximum corneal thickness change was present after 3 hr of closed-eye contact lens wear. The corneal thickness in the control eye returned to baseline 80 min after removal of the contact lens. Corneal thickness of one experimental eye returned to baseline 2 hr after the contact lens was removed. PMID- 7212012 TI - Effective powers of flexible contact lenses. AB - Predictions of effective powers of flexible contact lenses including tear lenses, or assuming alignment, are compared with actual equivalent sphere effective powers of 12 low-minus and 2 high-plus lenses. The assumption of a tear lens improves accuracy of prediction. PMID- 7212013 TI - Effect of vision training on patients who fail Sheard's criterion. AB - One hundred convergence insufficiency patients who did not meet Sheard's criterion at near were given a program of in-office and at-home training. The objective was to see if they would meet Sheard's criterion after training. Results were analyzed in terms of the numbers successfully meeting this criterion as well as other criteria, i.e. Percival's, elimination of symptoms, improvement of stereopsis, and elimination of fixation disparity. Of the 100 patients, 84 successfully met Sheard's criterion after therapy. Failure to meet Sheard's criterion correlated well with having subjective symptoms. PMID- 7212014 TI - Flatter than "K," on "K," steeper than "K": does the cornea know the difference? AB - Twenty-nine subjects were fitted with PMMA contact lenses of equal overall diameter, optical zone diameter, and z-value in a double-masked clinical trial. Five different treatment groups were analyzed and a one-way analysis of variance was used to determine whether significant differences in corneal thickness change existed between the treatment groups. Lenses fitted 1 D flatter than "K" caused the least amount of corneal thickness change. PMID- 7212015 TI - Morphology of microvascular changes and endothelial regeneration in experimental ozone-induced parathyroiditis. III. Some pathologic considerations. AB - Proliferation of the vascular endothelium of the parathyroid glands of dogs exposed to ozone inhalation was studied. Direct observation of mitoses in the endothelial cells were made. Focal hemorrhages in the form of the presence of erythrocytes, clotting, and fibrin deposition in the extravascular spaces were seen. Ultrastructural analysis of transverse section of blood vessels showed intravascular platelet aggregation. Lymphoid cells were observed in the lumen of the blood vessels as well as in the perivascular areas as infiltrates. The possibility is discussed that present vascular reactions signify the morphologic equivalent of an immunologic response. PMID- 7212016 TI - Pulmonary response and transmigration of inorganic fibers by inhalation exposure. AB - Rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs were exposed by inhalation to different concentrations of potassium octatitanate fibers. Following 3 months of exposure, the animals were sacrificed between the 15th and 24th month. The exposed animals showed dose-related dust deposition and pulmonary fibrosis mainly in the respiratory bronchiolar region. Most short fibers (less than 5 micrograms) were phagocytized by alveolar macrophages, but long fibers (greater than 10 micrograms) were phagocytized by foreign body giant cells. Dust-laden macrophages (dust cells) entered into the lumen of bronchial lymphatic or pulmonary blood vessels. Numerous dust cells were transported from the lung to the tracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes where some dust cells penetrated into the blood or lymphatic circulation. Massive direct cell migration of the mediastinal adipose tissue from the lymph nodes occurred occasionally. Dust-laden giant cells were found only occasionally in the liver, and there was widespread migration of the fibers into other vital organs and tissues without any significant responses. PMID- 7212017 TI - Myotonia congenita. A histochemical and ultrastructural study in the goat: comparison with abnormalities found in human myotonia dystrophica. AB - Muscle biopsy specimens from the myotonic goat, an animal model of heritable myotonia, were examined histochemically and by electron microscopy. After Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining with diastase digestion, there was increased PAS-positive material within myotonic goat fibers, as compared with those of normal goats. Myotonic muscle stained with alizarin red S, a histochemical stain for calcium, also had an increased staining reaction when compared with muscle from normal goats. Several ultrastructural abnormalities were found in myotonic goat muscle using routine osmium and uranyl acetate staining. These included increased density of the t-tubules, electron-dense material within t-tubules, proliferation and dilatation of sarcotubular elements, and abnormal mitochondria in the myotonic biopsy specimens. To further study muscle ultrastructure, ruthenium red and lanthanum were used as electron microscopic stains with specificity for membranes. There was increased density of the sarcolemma and t tubules in myotonic muscle stained with ruthenium red as compared to normal, and lanthanum produced a darker staining reaction of the myotonic goat sarcolemma. The histochemical and ultrastructural differences between normal and myotonic goat muscle were interpreted to be consistent with a morphologic basis for the abnormal contraction-relaxation properties characteristic of myotonia. PMID- 7212018 TI - Endothelial changes induced by arterial spasm. AB - Prolonged arterial constriction can cause damage to the artery itself. The purpose of this study was to define the intimal changes. Two muscular arteries of the rat were studied by electron microscopy 15 minutes to 7 days after L norepinephrine had been dripped over the vessels. Endothelial damage was caused by the tight folding of the internal elastic lamina, which mechanically squeezed the cells. As the artery relaxed, the endothelium showed gaps, patches of thinned cytoplasm, and many adhesions between cells on opposite sides of intimal folds. The adhesions involved whole cells of cytoplasmic bridges stretched across the intimal "valleys." They were present up to one day; later they seemed to snap and disappear without causing further cellular damage. A survey of the literature shows that such adhesions can also develop in collapsed arteries postmortem. They explain the endothelial "bridges" previously described by others as a normal intimal structure. PMID- 7212019 TI - Negative inotropic effects of phenol on isolated cardiac muscle. AB - Phenol appears in high concentrations in renal failure with uremia. The effects of this material on contractile activity of isolated cardiac muscle were studied in right ventricular moderator band (MB) of piglets and papillary muscle (PM) of cats and kittens. The muscles were bathed in modified Krebs solution containing 5.6 mM glucose at 30 C and gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. They were paced at 24 contractions per minute, isometrically at Lmax. Over the range 2.5-119.0 mg%, phenol produced dose-related decreases in both developed tension (DT) and maximal rate of tension development (max dT/dt) in MB of piglets. In contrast, the dose dependent negative inotropic effect of phenol was not detected in feline PM until concentrations in excess of 12.5 mg% were used. Increasing extracellular Ca2+ from 2.5 to 5.0 mM as well as the addition of norepinephrine (3.94 x 10(-7) M) attenuated the phenol-induced cardiac depression in porcine MB. There were no further changes in either DT or max dT/dt when the extracellular Ca2+ was increased to 10 mM. These findings demonstrate that phenol elicits a direct negative inotropic effect on mammalian cardiac muscle that is modified by calcium and norepinephrine. Phenol may participate in the biochemical alterations leading to cardiac failure and death in uremia. PMID- 7212020 TI - Scanning electron microscopic examination of reversible hyperplasia of the rat urinary bladder. AB - Urinary bladder damage caused by surgical incision, freeze-ulceration, or formalin instillation in male Fischer 344 rats was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The first two methods resulted in focal ulceration of the urinary bladder; the last induced diffuse mucosal damage. With each method, the damage was followed by regenerative hyperplasia and repair, the bladder mucosa returning to normal in 3-4 weeks. Epithelial cells in the hyperplastic areas had ropy microridges and uniform short microvilli on their luminal surfaces as observed by scanning electron microscopy. When the hyperplasia was marked, with nodular and papillary formation, occasional epithelial cells had pleomorphic microvilli on their surfaces. Rats treated either by surgical incision or freeze ulceration had normal bladders after a 2-year observation period. Combined with results from previous experiments, pleomorphic microvilli are not a marker of neoplasia or irreversibility but appear with marked or prolonged mucosal proliferation even if reversible. PMID- 7212022 TI - A two-track model of bereavement: theory and application in research. AB - Much remains to be learned about the long-term effects of adult bereavement. A two-track model, considering both affective attachment to the deceased and extent of personality change, is used in the present study to examine aspects of the maternal reaction to sudden infant death. It is suggested that this two-track perspective offers greater specificity in studying the nature and duration of the effects of loss. PMID- 7212023 TI - Child sex initiation rings. AB - The workings of child sex initiation rings are outlined in a study of 36 prepubescent children involved in six such rings. Organizational factors include the adult capitalizing on a legitimate role in the children's lives and programming them to provide sexual services in exchange for psychological, social, monetary, and other rewards; operational factors include peer group pressures and secrecy. Symptoms noted in the children prior to disclosure, and affective and cognitive response by parents upon disclosure, are discussed. PMID- 7212021 TI - Effects of thyroxine on cortical bone remodeling in adult dogs: a histomorphometric study. AB - The effects of thyroxine on cortical bone remodeling were studied under conditions of normal and accelerated remodeling induced by surgical elevation of the periosteum. Six adult female beagle dogs were administered orally 1.0 mg of L thyroxine per kg body weight daily for 60 days. Static and dynamic changes were evaluated using tetracycline and DCAF (2,4-bis-N,N'-dicarboxymethyl aminomethyl fluorescein) in vivo double labeling of rib specimens taken before treatment and after 60 days. Thyroxine administered in moderate pharmacologic doses increased the activation frequency, number of bone-forming and -resorbing sites, and the osteoid seam circumference in unaltered bone. Thyroxine, by activating skeletal remodeling, increased bone turnover and both formation and resorption at the tissue level. In ribs with periosteal elevation and accelerated remodeling, thyroxine increased the activation frequency, number of bone resorption and formation sites, and ratio of bone resorptive-to-formative surfaces. In addition, thyroxine under these conditions resulted in an increase in the osteoid seam circumference, radial closure rate, and bone formation rate at the tissue level but decreased the osteon formation time. Under conditions of accelerated remodeling, thyroxine increased osteoblastic and resorptive activity to a greater degree than in unaltered bone and resulted in bone changes similar to that described in human beings with thyrotoxicosis. The increased serum calcium and phosphorus levels and urinary hydroxyproline excretion at several intervals during thyroxine administration were consistent with the morphometric evidence of increased bone turnover and resorption. These findings suggest that thyroxine is a potent activator of skeletal remodeling under conditions of both normal and accelerated remodeling. PMID- 7212024 TI - Children's attachment to transitional objects: a study of two pediatric populations. AB - The incidence of transitional objects was studied in 285 children in two pediatric populations differing in race and socioeconomic status. Significant differences were found between groups in incidence and age of onset of attachment, and in specific behavior associated with use of the objects. Child rearing practices and maternal attitudes were also related to development of attachments. Theoretical implications and directions for continued study are considered. PMID- 7212025 TI - Discipline stereotyping and evaluative attitudes among community mental health center staff. AB - The Adjective Check List was administered to psychiatrists, psychiatric social workers, and clinical psychologists on the staff of a university-operated community mental health center, to measure attitudes toward five mental health disciplines. Adjective stereotypes and evaluative attitudes were highly positive, although social workers tended to be more negative toward psychiatrists than toward the other disciplines. Cognitive and dynamic factors are examined in an attempt to understand discipline differences in stereotyping and evaluative attitudes. PMID- 7212027 TI - Primal debate. PMID- 7212026 TI - Parent participation in milieu treatment of young psychotic children. AB - Parent involvement in a day treatment program for psychotic children is described. Working with staff helps satisfy parental needs for nurturance and competency. For staff, who often identify with the child, frequent open discussion and supervision are required to facilitate working effectively with both parent and child. A clinical vignette serves to illustrate the process. PMID- 7212028 TI - Follow-up questions. PMID- 7212029 TI - Narcissistic traits in certain abused children. AB - Three groups of severely abused, emotionally disturbed children are described, one of which is made up of "private" children, who seem to share many of the characteristics of the adult narcissistic personality disorder. These children appear pleasant and tractable, seem better adjusted, and are rarely referred for treatment; they are remarkably able to assess their environment and made predictions. However, they remain aloof, fear dependency, and are unable to form meaningful relationships. The therapy of one such child is described in detail. PMID- 7212030 TI - Chronic sorrow revisited: parent vs. professional depiction of the adjustment of parents of mentally retarded children. AB - In response to a questionnaire mailing, parents of mentally retarded children and social workers essentially agreed that such parents experience periodic crises during the child's development, rather than time-bound adjustment. Social workers tended to underestimate the impact on parents of later developmental periods. Clinical implications of the findings, which run counter to the prevalent professional view, are considered. PMID- 7212031 TI - Exploration of countertransference toward the dying. AB - Uneasy feelings toward death and the dying are probably more universally shared than any others. The nature of countertransference toward the dying and the extent of its denial, which could constitute a hindrance to therapy, is explored. A questionnaire survey of professionals and a nonprofessional control group revealed no significant differences between the two groups. The need for additional training in this area for professionals is indicated. PMID- 7212032 TI - Failure of "bond formation" as a cause of abuse, neglect, and maltreatment. AB - Among a group of "high-risk" mothers, limited contact with the newborn at birth was not related to later disorders of mothering. In this prospective, longitudinal study, prematurity and other indices of "bonding failure" did not occur with greater frequency among a subsample of mothers who mistreated their children than among a similar subgroup providing adequate care. PMID- 7212033 TI - The significance of a child's age at the time of parental divorce. AB - The literature on children of divorce presents three theories on the relationship between a child's age at divorce and subsequent adaptation. Outpatient evaluations of 144 children of divorce, ranging in age from seven to 17 years, were coded for nature of emotional-behavioral problems and overall degree of psychological adjustment. Divorce timing was unrelated to overall level of adjustment, but was associated significantly with different constellations of emotional-behavioral difficulties. PMID- 7212034 TI - Primary adenoma of the middle ear. AB - Primary neoplasms of the ear are indeed unusual. Adenomatous middle ear tumors are even more unusual and have been, in previous presentations, uniformly labeled adenocarcinoma. Radical therapeutic approaches have therefore often been recommended. More recent literature has confidently established the existence of the entity of benign primary middle ear adenoma. In two reports only twenty-three cases have been recorded. The purpose of this article is to add two such cases to the literature. Current concepts in diagnosis and histopathogenesis are presented. Treatment guidelines are suggested. PMID- 7212035 TI - Update on the use of streptomycin therapy for Meniere's disease. AB - An update of our experiences in the treatment of Meniere's disease with intramuscular streptomycin sulfate reveals great success in relief of episodic vertigo. Hearing losses that existed before the treatment are generally stabilized and occasionally improved. Because of the considerable morbidity caused by arduous therapy, prolonged ataxia, and occasional oscillopsia, we recommend that the treatment be reserved for the bilateral disabling form of the disease. PMID- 7212036 TI - The structure of the tympanic membrane: a new concept or some thoughts on the structure of the tympanic membrane and its presentation as a dynamic organ. AB - We have been taught that the tympanic membrane stretches across the end of the external auditory canal as a thin, taut drumhead passively vibrated by air borne sound. Much evidence supports this conception. However, I believe the tympanic membrane is a dynamic, complicated organ that is in many situations neither passive, thin, nor flat; a serous fluid accumulates within its middle layers, and often a double-convex shape is assumed. There are several phenomena that are not adequately explained by our present interpretation of tympanic membrane structure, and these are herein enumerated. I contend that the presence of a highly mobile fluid system within the drumhead resolves these questions. The search for historic evidence to support this concept involves both Dr. H. Shrapnell and Dr. H. Helmholtz. In 1832, Shrapnell wrote two articles for the London Medical Gazette in which he discredited the theories of Home and Albinus regarding the structure of the tympanic membrane. He described the pars flaccida and speculated on its function. He noted the mucosal layer of the pars flaccida was covered with mucus, while the pars tensa had a "glistening, shiny surface." The work of Dr. Helmholtz in 1863 and 1869 is perhaps even more pertinent. In years later his calculations projected a double-convex contour of the eardrum. As he could not reconcile these calculations with his original impressions, he deferred "...special description and discussion...in order that this experiment might be better performed." It is the purpose of this article to suggest that the tympanic membrane has a variables thickness related to physiologic need, and photography and scientific works by Nillson, Stenfors, McMinn, Taylor, Lim, Graham, and others are utilized to support this contention. PMID- 7212037 TI - Carcinoma in situ of the ear canal. AB - A case of carcinoma in situ of the ear canal is presented. Review of the English literature failed to reveal a similar case. Wide local excision is the suggested mode of treatment. PMID- 7212038 TI - Residency training program in otorhinolaryngology at the University of Michigan. PMID- 7212039 TI - Intracranial complications of otogenic disease. AB - The incidence of intracranial complications of otogenic disease has been altered dramatically since the discovery of antibiotics. However, with the reduction in complications, young otologists have become less aware of these potential catastrophic problems Meningitis continues to be the most frequent intracranial complication, followed by brain abscesses and lateral sinus thrombosis. The physician must understand these complications to recognize them quickly and treat them appropriately. This paper attempts to review the literature on the occurrence, pathologic factors, symptoms, and treatment of meningitis, brain abscess, and lateral sinus thrombosis secondary to otogenic disease. PMID- 7212040 TI - Postoperative accumulation of bone in the middle ear: effect on hearing and surgical implications. AB - Two patients with conductive hearing loss caused by the intraoperative accumulation of bone particles in the middle ear are presented. This complication of otologic surgery may be prevented by an awareness of its possibility and by the temporary blockage of the aditus ad antrum in those operations involving mastoidectomy, even utilizing suction irrigation of the surgical field during the procedure. Once this condition is established, tympanotomy may confirm the presence of bone debris in the middle ear and the material may then be removed, with elimination of the conductive hearing loss. PMID- 7212042 TI - The endolymphatic sac comes of age. PMID- 7212043 TI - Ossiculoplasty: a refined method to prepare homograft ossicles. AB - The purpose of this paper is to present a technique of preparing a homograft ossicular prosthesis in the most efficient and precise manner for use in ossicular reconstruction. While there are other techniques of reconstruction, this technique will benefit those surgeons who utilize homograft ossicles for hearing reconstruction. There are two major advantages of this technique. First, operating time is decreased because of preparations of the prostheses in advance. Second, the prostheses may be more precisely shaped than by other methods. The technique of preparation is not difficult and may be done by ancillary surgical personnel readily trained in this simple method. PMID- 7212041 TI - Doctors' discussion. AB - On this evening four cases were discussed. Case One concerned a young boy who was first seen at the OMG at 6 months of age with severe hearing loss since birth. A lively discussion followed on whether a hearing aid could improve hearing by stimulation of the cochlear nerve. Case Two is that of a 14-year-old boy who was first seen at the OMG at the age of 9 years with complete paralysis of the left side of his face since he was 5 months of age. An interesting discussion of what might be done to alleviate the child's paralysis after a negative exploration of the nerve was included. Case Three involves a 10-year-old girl with an only hearing ear whose mother felt that a hearing aid would worsen hearing. A discussion of the sensitivity of ears owing to recruitment in patients with Meniere's disease follows this case. Case Four is that of a 36-year-old stewardess who was subjected to a rapid decompression while on a routine airline flight. PMID- 7212044 TI - Effect of degree of hearing loss on diagnostic audiometric tests. AB - Results of five diagnostic audiometric tests--(1) auditory, brain-stem response (ABR) audiometry, (2) the acoustic reflex (AR) test, (3) speech audiometry, (4) threshold Bekesy audiometry, and (5) supra-threshold adaptation test (STAT)--were examined in sixty cases of confirmed eighth nerve disorder. Test results were classified as either (1) positive for eighth nerve site, (2) negative for eighth nerve site, or (3) ambiguous for site of disorder owing to severity of hearing loss. Findings suggest that degree of hearing loss is an important factor in test interpretation. In general, ability to interpret test results unambiguously decreases as degree of hearing loss increases, especially for sensitive test procedures like ABR and speech audiometry. PMID- 7212045 TI - Nonotogenic otalgia: diagnosis and treatment. AB - Nonotogenic otalgia may be due to referred or reflex pain, neuralgia, or to a psychogenic problem. Referred pain is due to irritative lesions involving the fifth, ninth, or tenth cranial nerves and spinal nerves C2 and C3. If pathologic problems in the area supplied by these nerves have been ruled out, the neuralgia should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Psychogenic factors must be identified and treated before any type of surgical therapy is recommended. PMID- 7212046 TI - Tranquilizer effect of exercise. Acute effects of moderate aerobic exercise on spinal reflex activation level. PMID- 7212047 TI - Exercise program for wheelchair activity. AB - Poor physical fitness of wheelchair-dependent individuals may result in excessive cardiorespiratory responses during locomotion. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement an interval training program (ITP) incorporating wheelchair ergometer (WERG) exercise to improve fitness for wheelchair activity. Of thirteen able-bodied female volunteers, seven were selected to participate in a 5-week ITP, while the remainder served as sedentary controls. Both the exercise training (ET) group and the sedentary control (SC) group completed a standardized fitness test on the WERG before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the 5-week period. Following the ITP, submaximal heart rate, pulmonary ventilation and oxygen uptake responses of the ET group were generally found to be significantly lower during the post-test. These improvements in WERG exercise performance were not observed in the SC group. The ITP may have contributed to adaptations of upper body muscles, improved cardiorespiratory function, and/or a higher level of skill for wheelchair propulsion. We conclude that applying the concepts of interval training to wheelchair exercise may substantially improve the performance and fitness characteristics of wheelchair users. This could reduce the relative stresses of wheelchair locomotion and lead to a higher level of rehabilitation. PMID- 7212048 TI - High tension surface EMG. AB - This paper considers the relationship between various averages of the high interference EMG and these parameters and the resulting tension. Isometric contraction and static conditions are assumed. At first it is assumed that only motor units belonging to a single type are present. In this case muscle tension is proportional to the extrapolated expression for the low interference EMG. Proportionality between tension and spike frequency, reported by some investigators, is obtained if the twitch tension of recently recruited motor units increases with advancing recruitment only very slowly. Proportionality between tension and r.m.s. EMG is obtained, if the twitch of newly recruited unit increases approximately proportionally with tension. The relation between force and EMG parameters changes in the region of the highest voluntary forces, where all available motor units are recruited and the only mechanism for controlling force is the firing frequency. At high interference levels integrated and r.m.s. EMG are intrinsically proportional to one another. In the final paragraph it is shown, that the conclusions obtained apply also to inhomogeneous muscles. PMID- 7212049 TI - Malignant gastrocolic fistula case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7212050 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen in the diagnosis and follow-up of colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 7212051 TI - One man bandless hemorrhoidectomy. PMID- 7212052 TI - Exteriorization without colostomy for perforative sigmoid diverticulitis. PMID- 7212053 TI - Effects of lactic acid accumulation and ATP decrease on muscle tension and relaxation. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of lactic acid accumulation on peak tension and relaxation rate of the isometric twitch. Isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle from rat was stimulated electrically at a frequency of 2/s under anaerobic conditions. Comparison was made with muscles in which glycolysis was blocked with iodoacetic acid (IAA). Stimulation of unpoisoned muscles for 3 min decreased tension to 50% and increased relaxation time to 250% of the initial value. Lactate increased 15-fold, and muscle pH decreased from 7.10 to 6.76. Stimulation of IAA-poisoned muscles for 1 min decreased tension to 50% but did not increase the relaxation time. Stimulation of IAA-poisoned muscle resulted in a pronounced decrease (about 50%) of the ATP and total adenine nucleotide content in muscle, whereas only a small decrease (10 15%) occurred in unpoisoned muscle. The main findings in the present study were that tension decline in unpoisoned muscle is closely related to decrease in muscle pH and increase in ADP but not to ATP content per se and that slowing of relaxation rate is closely related to decrease in muscle pH but not to muscle content of ATP or creatine phosphate. PMID- 7212054 TI - Dominance of longitudinal muscle in propagation of intestinal slow waves. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that circular muscle plays an active role in the propagation of intestinal slow waves, specifically be providing excitatory current through a process of regenerative amplification. With volume-recording techniques and microelectrode recordings we obtained the following results that are not consistent with such a mechanism: 1) slow waves propagated without delay or decrease in amplitude along segments of cat jejunum devoid of a ring of circular muscle up to 3 mm wide, i.e., across a longitudinal muscle bridge more than 4 space constants long (9 of 11 preparations) but did not propagate across a circumferential cut through the longitudinal muscle layer (14 of 14 preparations); 2) the membrane current associated with the slow wave had a pronounced inward component when recorded from either the serosal or the mucosal side of the longitudinal muscle bridge but was entirely outward when recorded from either the mucosal or the serosal side of exposed circular muscle, including those preparations in which various thicknesses of circular muscle were removed from the mucosal side of the recording area; 3) slow-wave amplitudes recorded intracellularly from intact (n = 9) and isolated (n = 8) longitudinal muscle preparations were not significantly different (27.0 +/- 4.3 vs. 25.4 +/- 5.3 (SD) mV); 4) after 30 min in 4.4 X 10(-6) M verapamil, slow-wave amplitude did not significantly decrease, although contractile activity had long since terminated. These results are more consistent with the hypothesis that longitudinal muscle provides most, if not all, of the current required for slow-wave propagation in the small intestine. PMID- 7212055 TI - Nonspatial determinants of electrograms in guinea pig ventricle. AB - Theory states that the extracellularly recorded potential (epsilon) is determined by spatial and nonspatial factors. Spatial factors include the boundary between areas with different transmembrane voltages (Vm) and the relationship of the boundary to the extracellular electrode. Nonspatial factors include the Vm across the boundary [transmembrane potential gradient (TPG)] and a conductivity term (C sigma). Few studies have investigated the nonspatial factors experimentally due to the difficulty in separating the nonspatial from the spatial determinants. Our model rendered the spatial factors constant, permitted the simultaneous recording of epsilon and Vm, and allowed the manipulation of Vm and C sigma across the boundary. Epsilon and the TPG were related predictably with changes in [K+]o, [Na+]o, temperature, conduction, stimulus rate or prematurity, and hypoxia. In the presence of a constant TPG, epsilon could be affected by a change in C sigma caused by hypoxia and a metabolic poison. The effects of the nonspatial determinants on epsilon could be modeled using electrical circuit analogues. Nonspatial determinants must be considered in studies using electrocardiographic measures as an index of ischemia. PMID- 7212056 TI - Transepithelial glucose transport in cell culture. AB - Pig kidney cell line LLC-PK1 cultured on a collagen-coated membrane filter formed a continuous sheet of oriented asymmetrical epithelial cells joined by circumferential occluding junctions. In the presence of 5.5 mM D-glucose, a potential difference (PD) of 2.8 mV, apical bath negative, short-circuit current Isc of 13.2 microA . cm-2, and transepithelial resistance of 211 omega . cm2 were recorded. Isc and PD were reduced by phlorizin added to the apical bath but were unaffected when phlorizin was placed in the basolateral bath. Ouabain or the replacement of Na by tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane or choline abolished the Isc. The sugar concentrations required to produce the half-maximal Isc were 0.13 mM beta-methyl-D-glucoside, 0.28 mM D-glucose, 0.65 mM alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, 0.77 mM 6-deoxy-D-glucose, 4.8 mM D-galactose, and 29 mM 3-O-methylglucose. When [Na] was reduced, the D-glucose required for half-maximal SCC increased. Isotopically 3H- and 14C-labeled D-glucose were used to determine simultaneous bidirectional fluxes; a resultant net apical-to-basolateral flux was present and could be abolished by phlorizin. The transported isotope cochromatographed with labeled D-glucose, indicating negligible metabolism. The cell culture model provides advantages for investigation of mechanisms of transepithelial glucose transport. PMID- 7212057 TI - Occluding junctions in cultured epithelial monolayers. AB - When MDCK cells are cultured in monolayers, they synthesize, assemble, and seal occluding junctions that limit the paracellular route. These processes may be impaired by inhibitors of the protein synthesis but not by inhibitors of the synthesis of RNA. Once established, the occluding junctions confer to the monolayer an overall electrical resistance of 80-600 omega . cm2. At the microscopical level, the resistance of individual junctions have large variations along the perimeter of a given cell. This agrees with the images of freeze fracture electron microscopy where the network of the junction varies abruptly from 1 to 10 strands. The junctions are impermeable to macromolecular tracers, have a 9 to 1 Na+/Cl- discrimination, and a cation selectivity following the order: K+ greater than Na+ greater than Rb+ greater than Cs+ greater than Li+. Sealing requires extracellular Ca2+, but the junctions open when the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm increases. The structural components of the cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfilaments) seem to be involved in the junctional events as revealed by staining with immunofluorescent specific antibodies. If the cells are treated with cytochalasin B, actin microfilaments disorganize, the junctions open, and the electrical resistance across the monolayers falls. The resealing of the tight junction is inhibited by this drug. PMID- 7212058 TI - Maternal and fetal adrenocortical function in the diabetic rabbit. AB - To investigate whether maternal or fetal glucocorticoid secretion is altered during pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus, in vitro production of corticosterone (B) and cortisol (F) was measured on day 28 of gestation in rabbits made alloxan diabetic prior to pregnancy. In addition, plasma B and F were followed throughout the experimental period. Fetuses of diabetic mothers were hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic, and mortality was much higher (18%) than that of control animals (1.5%). No significant differences were found in maternal plasma B or F during gestation, whereas F was significantly lower in fetuses of diabetic mothers. In vitro production of both B and F by maternal and fetal adrenals was lower in the diabetic animals, and responses to ACTH or insulin added to the incubation were the same in both groups. These results suggest that the ability of the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids may be impaired both in the mother and fetus when maternal diabetes is present. This could have effects both on maturational events in the fetus that are accelerated by glucocorticoids and on the ability to respond to stress. PMID- 7212059 TI - Protein degradation and synthesis during recovery from myocardial ischemia. AB - Rates of synthesis and degradation of heart protein were measured during 30 or 60 min of myocardial ischemia and during the 30 or 60 min following these ischemic periods. During ischemia, rates of protein synthesis and degradation were reduced. Resumption of control rates of coronary flow after 30 min of ischemia resulted in complete restoration of creatine phosphate and partial recovery of ATP (75%), developed pressure (79%), and cardiac output (80%). After 60 min of ischemia, restoration of flow completely restored creatine phosphate but resulted in poor recovery of ATP (57%), developed pressure (26%), and cardiac output (63%). During the recovery phase, rates of protein synthesis and degradation of protein to free amino acids were the same as in hearts that had been perfused for a comparable period as working aerobic preparations. These findings were consistent with inhibition of an initial step in proteolysis during the period of ischemia followed by return to control rates of degradation when oxygen delivery and energy levels were restored. PMID- 7212060 TI - Regulation of pyruvate kinase by 6-phosphogluconate in isolated hepatocytes. AB - Isolated liver parenchymal cells from rats fed a 65% sucrose diet for 14 days were incubated in the presence and absence of 10(-6) M glucagon. The pyruvate kinase obtained from homogenates of the glucagon-treated cells displayed and increased Ks 0.5 for phosphoenolpyruvate (P-enolpyruvate), as well as an increased Ka 0.5 for 6-phosphogluconate (6-P-gluconate), compared to pyruvate kinase from untreated cells. Additionally, glucagon treatment decreased the maximal stimulation of pyruvate kinase by 6-P-gluconate by approximately two thirds and decreased the Hill coefficient value of pyruvate kinase for 6-P gluconate from 1.76 to 1.56. 6-Aminonicotinamide, an inhibitor of 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase, increased 6-P-gluconate levels in isolated liver parenchymal cells three- to sevenfold, depending on the substrates present. The flux of P enolpyruvate through pyruvate kinase was increased from 18 to 40% in these preparations and was highly correlated with the increase in 6-P-gluconate levels. The results suggest that 6-P-gluconate could regulate pyruvate kinase activity in the intact liver parenchymal cell. Furthermore, the activator would be of greatest importance in the lipogenic animal. PMID- 7212062 TI - Feedback regulation of thyrotropin by thyroxine under physiological conditions. AB - We have studied the contribution of thyroxine (T4) itself to the feedback regulation of thyrotropin (TSH) secretion. Thyroidectomized rats received T4 replacement by one of two methods: 1) 5 or 10 micrograms T4 . 100 g-1 . day-1 in drinking water or 2) continuous subcutaneous infusion of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 micrograms T4 . 100 g-1 . day-1. Replacement of 5 micrograms T4 . 100 g-1 . day-1 resulted in elevated plasma T4 and TSH while triiodothyronine (T3) was decreased. Replacement of 10 micrograms T4 . 100 g-1 . day-1 resulted in greater elevation of plasma T4, a transient decrease in T3, and no change in plasma TSH. Continuous replacement of T4 resulted in a dose-dependent elevation of plasma T4, little plasma T3 generation, and inhibition of the postthyroidectomy rise in plasma TSH. The pituitary responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was increased in groups receiving 1.0 or 2.0 micrograms T4 . 100 g-1 . day-1. It was concluded that 1) the plasma T4 exerts a negative feedback on basal TSH secretion in addition to that due to plasma T3 and 2) small amounts of T4 replacement enhance the TSH response to exogenous TRH in short-term hypothyroid rats. PMID- 7212061 TI - Relationship between endogenous 3-methylhistidine excretion and body composition. AB - Fourteen healthy men (aged 20-30 yr) consumed two isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets in the sequence of a 4-day meat diet (MD) followed by a 7-day meal-free diet (MFD). Urinary 3-methylhistidine (3MH) excretion during the MD (513 +/- 21 mumol . day-1, mean +/- SE) was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than day 3 of the MFD (230 +/- 10 mumol . day-1), after which the mean daily 3MH output was constant with a mean coefficient of variation of 4.5%. There was no change in fat-free body mass (FFBM) determined by densitometry at the start (62.3 +/- 1.8 kg) and the end (62.2 +/- 1.9 kg) of the 11-day dietary period. Mean muscle mass (MM) calculated from measurements of total-body potassium and nitrogen was 23.4 +/- 1.3 kg. Endogenous 3MH excretion was related more closely to MM (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001) than to FFBM measured by densitometry (r = 0.81, P less than 0.001). Only a low correlation coefficient (r = 0.33, P less than 0.05) was observed between 3MH and the nonmuscle component of FFBM. Urinary creatinine output also was correlated significantly with 3MH (r = 0.87; P less than 0.001) and MM (r = 0.79; P less than 0.01). It is concluded that because endogenous 3MH is significantly related to MM in man, it can be used as a marker to study in vivo total-body muscle protein degradation provided that the necessary dietary restrictions are observed. PMID- 7212063 TI - Effect of concomitant fasting and cold exposure on sympathoadrenal activity in rats. AB - Fasting decreases and cold exposure increases sympathetic nervous system activity. The present studies examine the effect of fasting and cold together on sympathoadrenal function. At 4 degrees C animals fasted for 2 days excreted 29% less norepinephrine (NE) than fed animals, averaging 458 +/- 32ng NE/mg creatinine and 646 +/- 68, respectively (P less than 0.005), but 122% more epinephrine (E) 77.9 +/- 11.7 ng E/mg creatinine and 35.1 +/- 6.7, respectively (P less than .01). Fasting for 2 days reduced cardiac NE turnover, a direct measure of sympathetic neuronal activity, 33% in animals at 22 degrees C from 28.2 +/- 3.6 ng NE . heart-1 . h-1 to 18.9 +/- 4.8 (95% confidence intervals) and 25% in animals acutely exposed to 4 degrees C from 60.7 +/- 8.0 to 45.6 +/- 9.5. Similar reductions in urinary NE excretion and cardiac NE turnover were observed in adrenal-demedullated rats. Thus fasting at 4 degrees C lowers sympathetic activity and enhances adrenal medullary secretion. This pattern of decreased sympathetic and increased adrenal medullary activity, previously seen with fasting hypoglycemia, suggests an important role for the adrenal medulla in internal homeostasis at times when the sympathetic nervous system is suppressed. PMID- 7212065 TI - Nicotinic acid transport by brush border membrane vesicles from rabbit kidney. AB - The transport of nicotinic acid was investigated in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from rabbit kidney. The imposition of a Na+ gradient (out to in) induced a transient stimulation of nicotinic acid uptake above its final equilibrium value. This stimulation was specific for Na+. The uptake of nicotinic acid by the brush border membranes represented transport into an internal space and occurred in the absence of significant nicotinic acid degradation. The Na+ gradient-dependent uptake of nicotinic acid was saturable, apparent Km = 0.3 mM. Uptake of nicotinic acid was inhibited by its two isomers: picolinic and isonicotinic acid. In contrast, pyridine derivatives with two carboxyl groups or an amide group in addition to the carboxyl group were without inhibitory effect. Evaluation of changes in membrane potential using the lipophilic cation triphenylmethylphosphonium demonstrated that conditions that transiently generated either an interior-positive or an interior-negative membrane potential failed to affect the Na+-dependent transport of nicotinic acid. These findings provide evidence of the existence on the luminal membrane of a Na+ gradient dependent and electroneutral transport system for nicotinic acid. PMID- 7212064 TI - Hypo- and hyperosmolal saline and raffinose on kidney cortical cell volume at 37 degrees C. AB - Cell water content was measured in respiring rat renal cortical slices incubated in hypo- and hyperosmolal saline with and without raffinose and ouabain for 60 min at 37 degrees C. At 60 min, hyposmolal saline (228 mosmol/kg H2O) caused a 16% swelling of cells, whereas addition of 73 mM raffinose (299 mosmol/kg H2O) caused a 33% shrinkage. Physiological saline plus raffinose (364 mosmol/kg H2O) caused a 28% cell shrinkage, whereas addition of saline (385 mosmol/kg H2O) produced only a 10% decrease in cell volume. The effects of raffinose were reversible. At physiological Na concentrations, osmole for osmole raffinose was 4 times as effective in shrinking cells as saline, but only 2 times as effective at Na of 112 mM. Osmotic effectiveness of saline changed, that of raffinose did not. Ouabain caused no changes in cell volume and did not prevent the effect of raffinose. In conclusion, there is no volume regulation to nonelectrolyte solutes and only partial volume regulation to saline, and this is due to differential osmotic effects of these solutes, that of saline decreasing from low to high Na. PMID- 7212066 TI - Circulating catecholamines in control of renal electrolyte and water excretion. AB - Graded physiological doses of norepinephrine or epinephrine were infused either intravenously or directly into the renal artery of conscious dogs previously prepared with chronic indwelling catheters. Infusion rates ranged from 5 to 125 ng . kg-1 . min-1, and aortic plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured during intravenous infusion to determine the actual levels achieved. Even when the renal arterial plasma norepinephrine concentration was raised to 5,000 pg/ml by either intravenous or intrarenal infusion, only a modest sodium and potassium retention was observed. Only intravenous norepinephrine increased urinary flow rate. Increments of epinephrine concentration from 120 to 2,000 pg/ml decreased sodium and potassium excretion only when delivered intravenously. The concentrations of norepinephrine or epinephrine required to alter urinary sodium and potassium excretion and flow rate were in the upper physiological range or higher and the responses were small except for intravenous epinephrine, which decreased sodium excretion at very low physiological concentrations (120-400 pg/ml). We conclude that circulating epinephrine may play an important physiological role in renal sodium conservation. This effect of epinephrine is not due to a direct intrarenal mechanism. PMID- 7212067 TI - Intracellular potentials in rabbit proximal tubules perfused in vitro. AB - Conventional microelectrodes were used to measure the basolateral membrane potential (VBL) in isolated perfused superficial proximal convoluted (sPCT) and superficial proximal straight (sPST) tubules of the rabbit kidney. Stable recordings for periods up to 2 h can be obtained. The mean +/- SE (n = number of cells) values of VBL were sPCT = -51.0 +/- 1.63 (24) and sPST = -47.0 +/- 0.97 (94) mV. Inhibitors of active transport, ouabain (10(-5) M) and low bath potassium (0.1 mM), caused a significant depolarization of VBL in sPST. In contrast, short-duration bath cooling (10 degrees C) had no significant effect. Removal of luminal glucose caused a larger hyperpolarization in sPCT (-13.9 +/- 1.77 (9) mV) than in sPST (-3.8 +/- 1.02 (5) mV). Removal of luminal glucose and alanine resulted in an even larger hyperpolarization of VBL in sPCT (-19.0 +/- 0.44 (6) mV). Perfusion of the lumen with a solution resembling late proximal tubular fluid in sPST resulted in hyperpolarization of VBL (-4.3 +/- 0.85 (4) mV). Reducing bath pH to 6.7 depolarized VBL (39.9 +/- 1.77 (13) mV). This effect can be associated with a decrease in the relative potassium permeability of the basolateral membrane. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using intracellular electrical measurements to determine both luminal and basolateral membrane characteristics in isolated proximal tubular segments. PMID- 7212068 TI - Direct renal tubular effects of choline on electrolyte excretion in the chicken. AB - Direct local effects of choline on electrolyte effects did not reappear. Acetylcholine was more potent than choline in producing the electrolyte effects. These results suggest that choline-induced changes in renal electrolyte excretion are mediated by a muscarinic receptor completely separate from the choline transport system. These effects imply that choline is not an "inert" cation. PMID- 7212069 TI - Relationship between sodium and bicarbonate transport in the rat proximal convoluted tubule. AB - The relationship between net sodium and bicarbonate transport was studied by microperfusion of proximal convoluted tubules and peritubular capillaries. Bicarbonate absorption was unchanged as long as the sodium concentration remained above 40 meq/liter, despite reduction of sodium transport to 10% of its control value. At a sodium concentration of 5 meq/liter, fluid absorption was completely abolished but bicarbonate transport was reduced to 39% of its control value. Even at reduction of luminal and peritubular sodium concentrations to nominally zero, bicarbonate transport continued at 23% of its control value. Amiloride, at a sodium concentration of 5 meq/liter, inhibited bicarbonate absorption in a dose dependent manner. Elevating peritubular pH to 8.4 drastically reduced net bicarbonate transport, whereas fluid absorption was only slightly inhibited. These results are consistent with a dual mechanism of acidification: a sodium hydrogen exchange that saturates at low extracellular sodium concentrations and an additional sodium-independent mechanism of hydrogen ion secretion. PMID- 7212070 TI - Effects of glomerular filtration dynamics on the glomerular permeability coefficient. AB - Studies were performed in Munich-Wistar rats (n = 24) to determine if the glomerular permeability coefficient (LpA) is affected by changes in the systemic oncotic pressure (pi A) as well as other determinants of glomerular filtration [nephron plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular hydrostatic pressure gradient (delta P)] and systemic hematocrit (Hct). Multiple regression analysis was used to separate the respective relationships of pi A, delta P, RPF, and Hct to LpA to ascertain whether the correlation of LpA to these variables was direct or mediated by some concurrently changing factor. Three two-period protocols were used to examine the changes of these determinants of filtration: 1) hydropenia to 10% body wt saline expansion (SE), 2) SE to 1% body wt of concentrated rat plasma protein (25 g/100 ml) solution (HP) with removal of 1.5% body wt whole blood, and 3) SE to 1% body wt HP with 2.5% body wt whole blood removed with reinfusion of the removed erythrocytes. Changes in LpA correlated directly with changes in pi A (P less than 0.01) and inversely with delta P (P less than 0.01). There was no direct correlation of LpA to RPF or consistent correlation of LpA to Hct. PMID- 7212071 TI - Inhibition of canine interdigestive proximal gastric motility by cholecystokinin octapeptide. AB - Feeding abolishes cyclic interdigestive motility and decreases intraluminal pressure in autotransplanted pouches of canine proximal stomach. Our aim was to determine whether cholecystokinin might be the hormonal messenger involved. In four conscious dogs with autotransplanted proximal gastric pouches and chronic duodenal electrodes, intrapouch pressure and duodenal myoelectric activity were measured during fasting, while cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP) was infused intravenously for 4 h at doses 0, 15, 31, 62, 125, and 250 mg . kg-1 . h-1. Each dose was given five times to each animal. Cholecystokinin octapeptide inhibited the interdigestive cycles in both pouch and duodenum and decreased the pressure in the pouch. The threshold for these effects was 31 ng . kg-1 . h-1, and the ED50 was 62 ng . kg-1 . h-1. The dose of 125 ng . kg-1 . h-1 suppressed the cycles nearly completely and decreased mean +/- SE intrapouch pressure from 15.3 +/- 1.1 to 6.3 +/- 2.8 cmH2O . min (P less than 0.001). After the infusions were stopped, cyclic activity and intrapouch pressure returned promptly to control values. We concluded that CCK-OP at "physiological" doses abolished interdigestive cycles and decreased intraluminal pressure in autotransplanted pouches of canine proximal stomach. PMID- 7212072 TI - Postprandial hormonal inhibition of canine interdigestive gastric motility. AB - Our aim was to determine whether hormones other than gastrin inhibit cyclic interdigestive motility in the proximal stomach. In four conscious dogs with autotransplanted proximal gastric pouches, excluded gastric antrums, and chronic duodenal electrodes, intraluminal pressure of the pouch and electrical activity of the duodenum were monitored before and after gastric instillation of 250 ml of 154 mM NaCl alone or 154 mM NaCl plus 15 kcal/kg of either dextrose, olive oil, casein hydrolysate, or a mixture containing 5 kcal/kg of each of the three nutrients. Dextrose, olive oil, casein, and the mixture abolished the interdigestive cycles in both pouch and duodenum and decreased intrapouch pressure compared with the saline control. The duration of the inhibition was longest with oil (5 h) and shortest with casein (3 h), and the decrease in mean intrapouch pressure was greatest with the mixture (11.8 cmH2O . min) and least with dextrose (9.3 cmH2O . min). Serum gastrin was unchanged by any of the instillates. We concluded that hormones other than gastrin inhibited cyclic interdigestive motility in the proximal stomach. PMID- 7212073 TI - A device for jointless connections with unrestrained animals. AB - An apparatus is described allowing multichannel connection with unrestrained animals without using joints. The twisting of the connection lines caused by the rotation of the animal in its cage is detected by means of a torsion wire connected to an electronic device. This provokes a temporized rotation of the bottom of the cage in the opposite direction in order to untwist the lines. PMID- 7212074 TI - To transport parallel or not to transport parallel? PMID- 7212075 TI - Reflex cardiovascular response during injection of capsaicin into skeletal muscle. AB - In an anesthetized dog, injections of capsaicin, a potent stimulator of small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers that originate as free nerve endings, into a neurally intact donor-perfused hindlimb produced a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in mean aortic pressure (20%), heart rate (12%), cardiac output (28%), and respiratory minute volume (97%). Organ blood flows were measured with 25 micrometers radioactive microspheres. During the injection of capsaicin, there was a decrease in renal blood flow (-25%), but liver, spleen, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle flows remained near control values. After section of the afferent neural connection from the donor perfused hindlimb, the responses to the injection of capsaicin were abolished. These reflex cardiovascular and respiratory responses and changes in organ flow caused by stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive receptors in skeletal muscle are similar to those that occur during induced isometric exercise in the hindlimb. PMID- 7212076 TI - Regression of cardiac oxygen consumption on ventricular pressure-volume area in dog. AB - Left ventricular systolic pressure-volume area (PVA) has been reported to be a reliable predictor of cardiac oxygen consumption rate per beat (VO2) in a given heart with a stable inotropic background. PVA is the specific area in the pressure-volume (PV) diagram, consisting of the area (EW) within the PV loop and the area (PE) bound by the end-systolic and end-diastolic PV lines and the relaxation segment of the PV loop. EW and PE correspond to the external mechanical work and the end-systolic elastic potential energy in the ventricular wall, respectively. We determined the optimal combination of EW and PE for the best prediction of VO2, using the linear multiple regression analysis. From EW, PE, and VO2, data of many isovolumic and ejecting contractions, the optimal coefficients of EW and PE were 1.67 +/- 0.43 (SD; 7 hearts) and 1.74 +/- 0.49 (10(-5) ml O2/mmHg . ml), virtually identical to each other, corroborating that PVA, i.e., a simple sum of EW and PE, can reliably predict VO2 of a given heart in a stable contractile state. PMID- 7212077 TI - Myocardial protection from ischemic arrest: potassium and verapamil cardioplegia. AB - Prolonged normothermic myocardial ischemic arrest results in myocardial dysfunction. This study has investigated the technique of preserving myocardial function by a single bolus intracoronary infusion of combination potassium and verapamil at the onset of ischemic arrest. Sixty-one dogs underwent cardiopulmonary bypass with 60 min of ischemic arrest: 25 received no myocardial protection, 12 received a single intracoronary bolus of KCl, 12 received combination verapamil and KCl, and 12 received verapamil alone. Following the ischemic arrest, hearts protected by combination of potassium and verapamil demonstrated better survival evidenced by the ability of all 12 dogs to resume normal hemodynamic function. The hemodynamic function in the combination potassium and verapamil group also demonstrated better cardiac output, left ventricular dF/dt, and myocardial segment shortening than survivors in the other groups. Subsarcolemmal (SSL) and intermyofibrillar IMF) mitochondria were isolated from these hearts and function evaluated. NADH-linked oxygen consumption was impaired as was calcium transport in the SSL from unprotected ischemic hearts. Intermyofibrillar mitochondria were not different from control or sham. The hearts protected by verapamil and potassium demonstrated normal mitochondrial function. PMID- 7212078 TI - Preload changes modify systolic pressure-diameter relations in the conscious dog. AB - The behavior of the end-systolic ventricular diameter was examined during control state, atrial pacing, and acute volume loading (VL) followed by methoxamine infusion in conscious dogs instrumented with a left ventricular micromanometer and ultrasonic crystals measuring internal diameter and wall thickness. Heart rate and systolic pressure were markedly increased by maximal VL but for moderate VL were minimally modified. Moderate VL increased end-diastolic diameter by 5% and end-systolic diameter by 2.9% with a significant increase of systolic stress. There was no common final pathway of shortening in the force-velocity-length diagram for different preloads. During methoxamine infusion, the end-systolic pressure-diameter points described a linear regression but points obtained during atrial pacing before VL were significantly shorter. We conclude that VL increases the total loading of the heart producing a lengthening of the end-systolic diameter when end-diastolic diameter is increased. This reduces the expression of the Starling mechanism and suggests caution when interpreting end-systolic pressure-diameter relations and derived indices for significantly different end diastolic diameters. PMID- 7212079 TI - Regional blood flows in salt loading hypertension in the dog. AB - An intravenous infusion of isotonic sodium chloride, 196 ml/kg per day, was administered for several days to eight dogs with their renal mass reduced. Mean arterial pressure, cardiac output (electromagnetic flowmeter), and regional blood flows (radioactive microspheres) were measured sequentially and the results compared with those obtained in six control dogs. The salt-loaded animals exhibited on the 1st day of the infusion a 25% increase of arterial pressure and cardiac output. Blood flows to the kidney, the splanchnic area, the skin, and the bone were not significantly changed, whereas skeletal muscle blood flow almost doubled. After several days, cardiac output returned toward control values but pressure remained elevated. Skeletal muscle blood flow, as most other regional flows, did not differ significantly from control values at that time. In four dogs studied 6 h after starting a faster saline infusion, most of the increase in cardiac output was also distributed to the skeletal muscle. Total peripheral resistance changes did not reflect the resistance of individual beds, because vasoconstriction appeared early in some areas but was masked by prominent, although transient, vasodilation in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7212080 TI - Arterial baroreceptor reflexes in young and old racing greyhounds. AB - The characteristics of the carotid sinus baroreceptor (CSB) reflex control of arterial pressure-flow relations were studied in young (18 mo) and old (10.5 yr) racing greyhounds anesthetized with chloralose. Pressure and flow were simultaneously measured in the ascending aorta, the celiac, superior mesenteric, renal, and iliac arteries under steady-state conditions of pulsatile perfusion of the isolated carotid sinuses before and after bilateral cervical vagotomy. Operating-point (OP) values of mean pressure were not significantly different between the young or old greyhounds, but OP values of cardiac output were lower and of peripheral resistance were higher in the older animals. OP values of regional resistances were higher in the older animals, but only those of the celiac and mesenteric beds were significantly different. Values of OP sensitivity of central hemodynamic variables were not decreased in the older animals. OP values of renal and iliac resistance sensitivity tended to be lower in the older animals. The overall range of control of the various hemodynamic variables by the CSB was lower in the older group only in the case of iliac resistance. The characteristics of the CSB were not uniformly depressed in the older animals but were relatively well maintained compared with those of the younger group. PMID- 7212081 TI - Structural, functional, and metabolic correlates in ischemic hearts: effects of substrates. AB - The ultrastructure, function, and metabolism of isolated rat hearts perfused under control or ischemic conditions were investigated. Either both glucose (11 mM) or glucose and palmitic acid (1.5 mM) were used as metabolic substrates. A 60 min period of whole-heart ischemia, i.e., a 60% initial reduction in coronary flow, resulted in a more dramatic morphological alteration in those hearts receiving palmitate compared to those receiving glucose as the only substrate. In ischemic hearts receiving palmitate, intramitochondrial osmiophilic amorphous densities of both rounded and elongated types were observed. These amorphous densities did not develop in ischemic hearts receiving glucose alone over the same period of ischemia. Such morphological alterations were associated with a more severe deterioration of mechanical function in the presence of palmitate. Both ischemic conditions resulted in increased tissue levels of acyl esters of CoA and carnitine, but the rise in levels of long-chain acyl carnitine was about two times greater in those ischemic hearts receiving palmitate. PMID- 7212082 TI - Time course of regional function after coronary occlusions of 1- to 120-min duration. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize the degree and duration of functional impairment in previously ischemic tissue following coronary artery occlusions of varying duration. Open-chest dogs with left ventricular pressure transducers and ultrasonic segment length crystals were subjected to coronary artery occlusions of 1 (n = 22), 5 (n = 8), 10 (n = 7), 15 (n = 8), 20 (n = 7), 30 (n = 6), 60 (n = 10), or 120 (n = 8) min and segment length motion was measured during 6 h of reperfusion. Active shortening was replaced by passive lengthening during coronary occlusion and regional myocardial blood flow within the ischemic zone was always less than 0.4 ml . min-1 . g-1. Following reperfusion, the improvement of ischemic segment length function was inversely proportional to the duration of coronary occlusion. Function in previously ischemic segment lengths recovered rapidly after 1- and 5-min coronary occlusions, but after occlusions of 10-20 min, there was slow, though incomplete, return of some degree of active shortening yet no evidence of myocardial infarction. With occlusions exceeding 20 min there was persistence of systolic passive lengthening for 6 h despite the absence of infarction in the segment lengths in which function was being evaluated, although infarcted tissue was present ranging from 16.5 +/- 2.6% of the area of ischemia in dogs with 60-min coronary occlusions to 37.2 +/- 4.6% of the area of ischemia in dogs with 120-min occlusions. PMID- 7212083 TI - Effects of ischemia on left ventricular regional function in the conscious dog. AB - Three-dimensional regional geometry of the left ventricle was assessed in seven conscious trained dogs chronically implanted with pulse-transit ultrasonic dimension transducers. Minor and major axis segment lengths and wall thickness were measured in the distribution of the left anterior descending coronary artery; transmural pressure (TMP) was measured with high-fidelity micromanometers. Data were recorded during the control state and following 30 s and 30 min of ischemia. Dimensions were normalized as a fractional extension from the length at zero TMP (Lo). Dynamic cube mass was calculated and remained constant throughout the cardiac cycle in both control and ischemic states, although the calculated mass decreased by an average of 5% during ischemia. The slope constants of the exponential diastolic pressure-dimension relationship increased following acute coronary occlusion indicating increases in regional myocardial stiffness with increasing periods of ischemia. Coronary occlusion also was associated with an increase in the Lo measurements in the major and minor axis dimensions and a decrease in the wall thickness Lo. These findings are consistent with an ischemia-induced plastic deformation of the regional myocardium defined as creep. Thus, acute ischemia results in a decline of regional systolic function, induces myocardial creep, and causes an immediate and sustained increase in regional myocardial stiffness. PMID- 7212084 TI - Vasopressin, fluid, and electrolyte response to chronic angiotensin II infusion. AB - The chronic interrelationships between blood-borne angiotensin (AII), plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), fluid and electrolyte balance, and mean arterial pressure (AP) were studied in mongrel dogs by continuous intravenous infusion of AII for 7 days. Two groups of dogs were infused: group 1 and group 2 received 5.0 and 20.0 ng AII . kg-1 . min-1, respectively, and each were studied first on ad lib H2O intake and then several weeks later with "fixed" water intake. Plasma AVP was determined utilizing a sensitive radioimmunoassay procedure described herein, Group 1 (5.0 ng AII): AP rose to a steady-state level nearly 20 mmHg above control by the 3rd day of AII infusion with both ad lib and "fixed" H2O intake. With ad lib H2O, AVP was chronically unchanged while with fixed H2O a significant decrease had occurred by the 2nd day of AII infusion. Plasma [Na] and osmolality were not significantly changed in either state. Group 2 (20.0 ng AII): AP rose nearly 40 mmHg above control by the 3rd day of infusion with both ad lib and fixed water intake. AVP did not change significantly from a control of 0.8 microU/ml throughout AII infusion with ad lib H2O intake but drinking was more than doubled. With fixed H2O intake, plasma AVP rose from a control of 0.8 microU/ml to an average of 1.3 microU/ml over the last 4 days of AII infusion. A negative correlation was obtained between the "cumulative H2O balance" and plasma AVP obtained during AII infusion. We conclude first that circulating AII is not directly involved in the long-term control of AVP secretion and, second, neither AVP nor enhanced drinking contributes significantly to AII-induced hypertension. PMID- 7212085 TI - Effects of localized low-temperature pulses on the cockroach circadian pacemaker. AB - The hypothesis that the circadian pacemaker that controls the activity rhythm in the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae, is composed of mutually coupled optic lobe oscillators was investigated using localized low-temperature pulses. Following section of one optic tract cooling the intact optic lobe for 6 h (7.5 degrees C) beginning at activity onset consistently caused a phase delay of several hours. Cooling the neurally isolated lobe had little or no effect. The results suggested the low-temperature phase delays the rhythm via a phase shift in an oscillator in the optic lobe. To determine if optic lobe oscillators were coupled, low temperature pulses were given to one optic lobe of intact animals. If the treated lobe was isolated by optic tract section 4 days after the pulse, the rhythm (driven by the untreated lobe) was delayed; but if the tract was cut 0.5 h after the pulse the phase shift was prevented. The interaction between the optic lobes in intact animals was also found to reduce the delay caused by a low-temperature pulse. These results suggest the cockroach circadian pacemaker is composed of two mutually coupled optic lobe oscillators. PMID- 7212086 TI - One why of the warmth of warm-bodied fish. AB - Tunas are unusual among fish in that they are warm bodied. In the present essay we argue that one adaptive advantage to being warm is that the warmth increases the rate of delivery of oxygen from the cell boundary to the mitochondria by myoglobin. This argument is supported by the following. 1) Tuna have extremely high rates of oxygen uptake, much higher than other fish and close to the rates achieved by mammals. 2) Tuna have an extraordinary capacity to maintain high cruising speeds for a long time. 3) Tuna have much red muscle that contains a high concentration of myoglobin. 4) The effect of temperature on simple diffusion of oxygen is very small whereas the potential affect on facilitated diffusion by myoglobin is large. PMID- 7212087 TI - Thermoregulation in the only nocturnal simian: the night monkey Aotus trivirgatus. AB - The night monkey, a tropical monkey, is the only nocturnal simian; its thermoregulation was studied for comparison with other nocturnal or diurnal primates and other tropical mammals. Resting metabolic rate was 2.6 W (closed circuit method) and 2.8 W (open-circuit method), 24 and 18% below the value predicted from body mass. The thermoneutral zone was very narrow; the lower critical temperature (LCT) was 28 degrees C and the upper critical temperature (UCT) was 30 degrees C. The body temperature (Tb) was at its minimum (38 degrees C) at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 25 degrees C, thus below the LCT. At low Ta, the increase in metabolic rate (MR) was smaller than predicted by the Scholander model, since MR intersected to a Ta 13 degrees C above Tb when extrapolated to MR = 0; this was attributed to a decrease of body surface area by behavior. The thermal conductance at the LCT was low: 2.3 W . m-2 . degrees C-1. Above the UCT, panting was the major avenue of heat loss. The response pattern of nocturnal habits, low resting metabolic rate, low thermal conductance, and panting in the night monkey, unique among simians, is found in many other mammals of tropical and hot desert habitats; it may be considered as an alternative adaptation to the thermal environment. PMID- 7212088 TI - Prostaglandins, catecholamines, and cardiovascular responses to hemorrhage. AB - The effects of prostaglandins (PGE2 and 16,16-dimethyl-PGE1) on epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) release, in response to a hypotensive stimulus (bleeding 5 ml/300 g), were studied in relation to blood pressure and heart rate responses in the rat. PGE2 (10 micrograms/kg-1 . min-1) and 16,16-dimethyl-PGE1 (1 microgram . kg-1 . min-1) accelerated blood pressure and heart rate recovery rate following acute hemorrhage and increased plasma E and NE levels. Plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) were not affected by PG infusion. In bilaterally nephrectomized rats, PGE2 increased plasma levels of E, NE, and DHPG but failed to enhance the blood pressure and had only a mild effect on heart rate recovery following bleeding. In hexamethonium treated rats, infusion of PGE2 had a small and transient effect on blood pressure recovery, but its effect on the heart rate was not affected; NE and E levels in the plasma of the hexamethonium-treated rats were still higher in the PGE2 infused rats. These studies indicate that in the intact rat, administered PGE potentiate the release of E and NE and facilitate blood pressure and heart rate recovery following acute hemorrhage. The hemodynamic effects of the PGE appear to be mediated by a renal factor whereas the effects of PGE on E and NE response to hemorrhage are independent of the presence of intact kidneys. PMID- 7212091 TI - Mechanism of reduced water intake in rats at high altitude. AB - Water intake was reduced during the 1st day of hypobaric hypoxia (inspired O2 pressure of 75 Torr) to 35-40% of the normoxic level in both normal rats (N) and rats with diabetes insipidus (DI). Analysis of water intake under graded saline loads at several inspired O2 levels (inspired O2 fractional concentrations of 0.105, 0.120, and 0.2095) indicated that hypoxia increased the threshold for osmotic stimulation of drinking without changing the sensitivity of the response in both N and DI rats. Nephrectomized N rats reduced water intake during hypoxia to 33% of the nephrectomized normoxic level of intake, and nephrectomized DI rats reduced intake to 47% of the nephrectomized normoxic intake. From these results it is concluded that reduced angiotensin II formation was not the factor responsible for reduced water intake during hypoxia. Polyethylene glycol-induced hypovolemia resulted in increased water intake during normoxia, but during hypoxia it was reduced to 29% of the normoxic rate. Reduced body temperature and hyperventilation were not the source of hypoxic attenuation of thirst. The mechanism may reside beyond the central integration of osmotic and nonosmotic information, or at the osmotic sensing mechanism itself. PMID- 7212089 TI - Role of aldosterone in sodium retention of pregnancy in the rat. AB - The purpose of this study was to test whether the absence or inhibition of aldosterone would alter the Na retention of pregnancy in the rat. We performed metabolic balance studies during the last 2 wk of the 3-wk rat pregnancy in the following four groups of saline-drinking rats: nonpregnant, sham adrenalectomized; pregnant, sham adrenalectomized; nonpregnant, adrenalectomized; and pregnant, adrenalectomized. Significant net Na retention was not found during the 2nd wk in any of the groups. During the final week, however, both pregnant groups retained between 8 and 11 meq Na more than their respective control groups. In addition, we measured plasma aldosterone concentration in these rats at term. The mineralocorticoid was not detectable in the nonpregnant adrenalectomized rats but was present in the pregnant adrenalectomized rats at a concentration of about 50% of that found in the pregnant sham-adrenalectomized rats. Serial measurements revealed that aldosterone was measurable by day 18 and nondetectable by 2 days postpartum in these pregnant adrenalectomized rats. Comparable balance studies were also performed in three groups of water-drinking rats: nonpregnant, pregnant, and pregnant rats that received large daily doses of spironolactone. During the 3rd wk both pregnant groups were in significant positive Na balance. Net Na retention for untreated pregnant rats was 8.4 meq and for the spironolactone treated, 6.9 meq, values that were not significantly different. We conclude that is is unlikely that aldosterone plays a critical role in the Na retention found during rat pregnancy. PMID- 7212090 TI - Role of arginine vasopressin on fluid and electrolyte balance in rats exposed to high altitude. AB - Normal rats (N) and rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI) were employed to examine the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the reduction of water intake and urine output during hypoxic exposure. The pattern of reduced water intake followed by recovery was similar in both N and DI rats during 7 days of hypobaric hypoxia (inspired O2 pressure of 75 Torr). Water intake was markedly reduced during the first 6 h of hypoxic exposure in both groups, whereas urine output did not decrease significantly until after 6 h in DI rats and after 18 h in N rats. Total urinary excretion of AVP in N rats decreased and remained depressed during 7 days of hypoxia. (AVP excretion corrected for osmolar clearance was unchanged.) Plasma AVP of conscious N rats was 2.7 +/- 0.40 pg/ml plasma during normoxia and 2.4 +/- 0.74 pg/ml plasma after 2 h of exposure to inspired O2 fractional concentrations of 0.105 (paired samples). We conclude that AVP is not a major factor in the decreased water intake and urine output observed during hypoxia, and that the initial disturbance is a reduced water intake that leads to negative water balance, reduced urine volume, increased urine concentration, and hyperosmotic volume contraction. The reduced or unchanged AVP release in normal rats during hypoxia appears to be inappropriate. PMID- 7212092 TI - Functional consequences of expanded aortic bulb: a model study. AB - An investigation of the mechanical effects and physiological functions of the dilated ascending aorta of diving mammals was undertaken with mathematic modeling methods. A mathematical model of a prototype (canine) arterial system was constructed and was evaluated by comparing model-predicted pressure and flow wave forms at four vascular locations with published accounts of experimental measurements. The prototype model was modified to serve as a model of the diving mammal arterial system by changing peripheral vascular parameters and by changing the dimensions of the ascending aorta section of the model. This modified model gave a very good simulation of pressure and flow behavior in diving mammal arteries during a dive. Various distribution patterns of compliance addition to the prototype aortic pattern were evaluated as to the effect of these patterns on aortic input properties. It was concluded that the geometric distribution pattern found in diving mammal arteries was optimal with respect to reducing aortic impedance and peak systolic pressure development and thus favored the function of the left ventricle. This mechanical function could represent an important part of the total picture of adaptation to prolonged ischemia. PMID- 7212093 TI - Effect of hemorrhagic shock on hepatic transmembrane potentials and intracellular electrolytes, in vivo. AB - In this study we investigated in vivo changes in hepatic cellular electrolytes and resting transmembrane potentials (Em) during hemorrhagic shock. Hepatic Na-K transport and cell volume regulation were assessed in vitro. Rats were bled and the ensuing hypotension (40 mmHg) was maintained by returning 25-30% (intermediate-shock, IS) or 55-60% (late-shock, LS) of the shed blood. We resuscitated IS rats by reinfusion of all of the remaining shed blood and Ringer's lactate solution. Hepatic cellular Na and Cl increased and K decreased progressively with shock. Resuscitation of IS rats restored cell K and Cl but not Na to preshock levels. Em decreased from the control average value of -40 (mV) to -31 in IS and -19 in LS. Em was partially restored (-36 mV) after resuscitation. We evaluated changes in relative membrane permeability to Na and K (PNa/PK) with shock by assuming Em either to be a Na-K exchange diffusion potential or due to an unequally coupled movement of Na and K. These evaluations show a lack of effect of shock (IS, with or without resuscitation) on PNa/PK. Our observations are compatible with failure of an electrogenic Na pump in shock. This may be related to loss of hepatic cell volume regulation in shock. PMID- 7212094 TI - Sites and action spectra for encephalic photoreception in the Japanese quail. AB - Sexually mature Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, were transferred to short environmental photoperiod for 20 days, during which they received encephalic illumination via surgically implanted optic fibers. White light delivered to discrete sites in the basal hypothalamus induced photogonadal response for testicular maintenance. There was also a strong positive response to monochromatic red, green, or blue light delivered to these areas, and this response was of equal magnitude regardless of wavelength. Illumination of sites in the median eminence and pars nervosa was also effective in inducing photogonadal response. White light delivered to the optic chiasma was effective, whereas green or blue light to this structure had no effect. Illumination of the preoptic hypothalamus or the dorsal cortex was also without effect. Our data indicate that there are photoreceptive sites in and near the basal hypothalamus that, when illuminated directly, are capable of responding to a broad range of visible wavelengths. PMID- 7212095 TI - Plasma angiotensin II concentrations and experimentally induced thirst. AB - The systemic administration of angiotensin II or its precursors will result in increased water intake. Several manipulations that result in hypovolemia and/or hypotension (extracellular thirst challenges) are known to activate the peripheral renin-angiotensin system and also produce drinking. Although there are without question multiple mediators of thirst associated with extracellular thirst challenges, one of the major factors responsible for water intake has been hypothesized to be the action of angiotensin II. In the experimental analysis of thirst, several types of hypovolemic-hypotensive manipulations have been employed. However, there is a paucity of data available that characterize the systematic changes of angiotensin II levels following such challenges. The present studies determined plasma angiotensin II levels and drinking responses after isoproterenol administration, caval ligation, and subcutaneous polyethylene glycol treatment. The experimental protocols for treatment of the animals closely approximated conditions commonly employed in the experimental analysis of thirst. The results indicated that endogenous levels of angiotensin II increase after these treatments to levels that in all likelihood are sufficient to make a substantial contribution to the drinking response. PMID- 7212096 TI - Factors affecting 3H2O transfer capacity of isolated perfused trout gills. AB - Tritiated water (3H2O) transfer capacity (PdA) and vascular impedance (Zg) of isolated trout (Salmo gairdneri) gills perfused with or without epinephrine were studied under conditions of altered osmotic gradients, fluid stirring, perfusion rate (Qa), and efferent pressure (Pe). Transfer capacity was unaffected by osmotic gradients, indicating that 3H2O moves across gills by diffusion and that PdA is independent of hydraulic water movement. Fluid stirring increased PdA asymptotically, suggesting that boundary layers significantly affect diffusion across isolated gills. Transfer capacity was directly related to Qa; Zg was inversely related to Qa. The PdA results can be explained in terms of lamellar recruitment and the distribution of flow between secondary lamellae. Increased Qa reduced Zg due to recruitment and distension of gill vessels. Elevated Pe decreased Zg and PdA. The effects of Pe on Zg resulted from distension of the gill vasculature and increased venous drainage, whereas the effects of Pe on PdA can be explained by changes in the distribution of perfusion between secondary lamellae. PMID- 7212097 TI - Amino acid gluconeogenesis and glucose turnover in kelp bass (Paralabrax sp.). AB - The glucose replacement rate, plasma glucose concentration, glucose body mass, and amino acid gluconeogenesis were determined in vivo in fed and fasted kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus) using [6-3H]glucose administered with [U 14C]glutamate, [U-14C]aspartate, or [U-14C]alanine. Fasting (14 days) and prolonged starvation (72 days) do not produce changes in the replacement rate, body mass, or plasma concentration of glucose. The removal of amino acids from the circulation is rapid in both fed and fasting states with nearly 50% of the administered 14Ctracer disappearing by 5 min. The incorporation of [14C]amino acid carbon into the body glucose mass is also rapid with significant amounts of tracer appearing within 15 min after administration. Gluconeogenesis from alanine and glutamate is increased by fasting whereas that from aspartate is diminished. The gluconeogenic rate is comparable to that previously observed in rats (Dunn, A., M. Chenoweth, and J. G. Hemington. The relationship of adrenal glucocorticoids to transaminase activity and gluconeogenesis in the intact rat. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 237: 192-202, 1971), although the glucose replacement rate is significantly lower. We propose that the paradoxically high rate of gluconeogenesis in fish may serve to provide carbohydrate precursors for mucus synthesis in these carnivorous animals with limited carbohydrate intake. PMID- 7212098 TI - Mastery of stress: psychosocial aspects. AB - Psychological stress may increase an individual's vulnerability to mental and physical illness. This may be prevented if the individual receives social support in mastering the stressful situation in the form of cognitive guidance that compensates for the inevitable reduction in his problem-solving capacity caused by stress-induced emotional arousal. This guidance should also help the individual or compensate for this arousal and enable him to come to terms with inescapable changes in his life produced by the experience. Empirical researches confirm that exposure to high stress by individuals receiving adequate support does not increase the risk of mental and physical illness. PMID- 7212099 TI - The initial encounter: what to do first? AB - The first interview presents dilemmas to the psychiatric practitioner. Is he or she to concentrate in objective-descriptive fashion, observing symptoms and signs, seeking the likely syndrome or disease concept? Is he or she to work associatively, toward unconscious themes as developed by the psychoanalytic schools? Would an existential approach be best, an attempt to understand the patient's life purposes and difficulties empathically? Alternatively, should the therapist grasp the patient's situation in interpersonal terms? The authors suggest that these decisions are less central than the need to establish a working relationship in order to continue the investigation or treatment and to uncover as much as possible of the relevant data, and that the newer schools of existential and interpersonal psychiatry offer the critical keys to achieving this. PMID- 7212101 TI - Sex differences in age at first hospital admission for schizophrenia: fact or artifact? AB - Reports that men develop schizophrenia earlier than women could be a clue to major factors in the pathological processes of schizophrenia or they could be diagnostic artifacts. The authors evaluated the effect of alternative diagnostic systems on age at first admission for schizophrenia, depression, and personality disorder. They found that the age-sex disproportion is specific to schizophrenia and occurs irrespective of the diagnostic system. An unexpected relationship between diagnostic system and sex differences in the rate of schizophrenia obtained, however: the broadest and narrowest sets of criteria yielded approximately equal proportions of females and males, but intermediate systems yielded a significantly greater proportion of males than females. PMID- 7212100 TI - Sleep and treatment prediction in endogenous depression. AB - The prediction of clinical response in depression has been based primarily on clinical symptoms and history. Recently, psychobiologic measures have been used to increase the accuracy of clinical prediction. In 34 drug-free patients with primary endogenous depression treated with amitriptyline, the application of EEG monitored sleep criteria alone was more significant than clinical status alone in the prediction of clinical response. Prolonged REM latency and reduced difficulty in sleep onset following the administration of amitriptyline were the main sleep variables contributing to this prediction equation. These data suggest a strong relationship between clinical outcome and psychobiologic profile in patients with endogenous depression after a "pharmacologic probe" with a tricyclic antidepressant. PMID- 7212102 TI - Cross-study comparisons of self-reported alcohol consumption in four clinical groups. AB - Clinical research on the chronic effects of alcohol has been difficult to evaluate and compare because of the failure by investigators to quantify self reported alcohol consumption. The authors describe four diverse groups of patients who were treated for alcohol and/or drug abuse. After devising a procedure for comparing the data from these studies, they found that patient self reports of alcohol consumption may be less distorted than commonly assumed. The present findings are consistent with current research indicating that self reports of alcohol use are reliable and clinically consistent. The authors also discuss the relationship between neuropsychological impairment and measures of alcohol and drug abuse. PMID- 7212103 TI - The patient care crisis in community mental health centers: a need for more psychiatric involvement. AB - The authors examine the role of psychiatrists in community mental health centers and suggest that extensive psychiatric involvement is needed to ensure proper patient care. Within the context of four basic clinical models--social, psychological, behavioral, and biomedical--they describe the psychiatrist's unique clinical skills in history taking, differential diagnosis, case formulation, use of psychopharmacologic agents, and provision of leadership in patient care. Five case reports illustrate instances in which psychiatric intervention corrected serious problems in diagnosis and treatment that otherwise would have resulted in inadequate care or harm to the patient. PMID- 7212104 TI - Mastering change: epidemiological and case studies in Senegal, West Africa. AB - While it has often been assumed that persons exposed to rapid social change incur a risk to their mental health, research results have been inconsistent. The authors found that 269 urban migrants in Senegal, West Africa, did not demonstrate worse mental health than did 300 rural nonmigrants. Case studies suggest that outcome is determined not by change per se but by social contingencies which modify the situations, as well as by personal assets which individuals bring with them. Critical factors include the persistence of familiar cultural forms within the new environment and skills such as literacy and the ability to creatively integrate elements of the old and new cultures. PMID- 7212105 TI - Methodologic standards for treatment outcome research in schizophrenia. AB - Considerable progress has been made in increasing the formal correctness of outcome research in schizophrenia by employing strict methodologic standards. However, based on a recent review of the literature, the authors note that insufficient attention has been directed toward the meaningfulness of such research. The interest of a particular study derives from its application beyond the specific patients treated; lack of attention to meaningfulness encourages the researcher to posit unjustified or overly generalized conclusions, resulting in the widespread adoption of questionable treatment strategies or the dismissal of potentially useful ones. Increased attention to meaningfulness will make the conclusions of this type of research more valuable, both from pragmatic and theoretical standpoints. PMID- 7212106 TI - Random thoughts about ECT. PMID- 7212107 TI - Lithium's effect of parathyroid hormone. AB - Lithium has been reported to raise serum calcium and lower serum phosphate concentrations and to increase urinary calcium excretion. Because these changes may be effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH), PTH was measured in 19 patients receiving lithium. PTH was significantly higher in these patients than in 150 normal subjects. For all patients serum calcium concentrations correlated significantly with serum lithium concentrations. These results indicate that lithium may cause biochemical hyperparathyroidism. Secondary hyperparathyroidism in certain patients with lithium nephrotoxicity is also possible. PMID- 7212108 TI - Changing patterns of psychiatry specialty certification in the English-speaking countries. AB - Specialty certification is not a static process but is developing and changing. The author reviews traditional and current patterns of examinations given in English-speaking countries and reports recent concerns and criticisms of the certification process. New developments in the United States include the audiovisual examination, changes in the neurology examination, and institution of examiner training. In Canada there is a heavy emphasis on improving multiple choice questions and using examiner training. The United Kingdom is experimenting with audiovisual techniques. Australasia is increasing the length of its training programs. Recent research by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology includes concordance studies, the relationship between residency training and Board performance, and feedback techniques. PMID- 7212109 TI - Productivity of mental health professionals in a prepaid health plan. AB - To determine staff productivity in the psychiatry department of a prepaid health plan, the authors compared hours of direct service with professional time available. Psychiatrists exceeded the time standards set, and other staff achieved about three-fourths of the initial standards. The findings provided a basis for refining the standards for each professional discipline. Establishing flexible productivity standards in a system that promotes open discussion and provides continuing positive feedback promotes more efficient scheduling, which can significantly increase service time in the face of limited resources. PMID- 7212110 TI - The medical student's choice of psychiatry as a career: a survey of one graduating class. AB - The authors distributed a questionnaire to all members of a medical school graduating class (N = 85) to identify those students who had "seriously considered psychiatry as a career choice at any time." Eight such students were identified, 5 of whom chose specialties other than psychiatry. The authors' objective was to identify the critical factors in these 8 students' final selection. Their results support the importance of the clinical clerkship in the students' decision making; the results also indicate considerable shifting in career choice during the students' medical school years and reveal a strong antipsychiatry bias on the part of nonpsychiatric faculty. PMID- 7212111 TI - Institutional countertransference. AB - The authors present the case of a patient with an institutional transference and point out the existence of institutional countertransference, which confounded his therapy and obscured his potential for change. Confronted with the patient's tradition in the institution, the new therapist had to overcome feelings of unimportance and therapeutic impotence to focus on the patient as a person in his own right. The authors discuss the signs of institutional countertransference and describe how it can seriously hinder clinical assessment of patients with institutional transferences. PMID- 7212112 TI - Ad lib caffeine consumption, symptoms of caffeinism, and academic performance. AB - The authors explored the relationship between ad lib caffeine consumption in college students and the incidence of caffeinism, characterized by heightened anxiety, depression, and various psychophysiological reactions. Students were randomly selected from four groups (abstainers from caffeine and low, moderate, and high consumers). A survey battery assessed the effects of caffeine, incidence of psychophysiological disorders, state-trait anxiety, and depression. The moderate and high consumer groups combined reported significantly higher trait anxiety and depression scores when compared with abstainers. The high consumer group also reported significantly higher levels of symptoms of caffeinism, higher frequency of psychophysiological disorders, and lower academic performance. PMID- 7212114 TI - Adverse effects of medical and psychiatric workup in six demented geriatric patients. PMID- 7212116 TI - Hypomania as a stable state: lithium prophylaxis in two patients. PMID- 7212115 TI - Arrhythmia induced by a tricyclic antidepressant in a patient with undiagnosed mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7212120 TI - Masochism: myth or human need? PMID- 7212117 TI - A case report of jactatio capitis nocturna. PMID- 7212119 TI - Sleep time and drinking history: a hypothesis. PMID- 7212118 TI - Relevancy of tricyclic antidepressant plasma levels. PMID- 7212121 TI - More on thiazide-induced hypercalcemia. PMID- 7212122 TI - Nocturnal enuresis and psychotropic drugs. PMID- 7212113 TI - Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in anorexia nervosa: a case report. PMID- 7212123 TI - Capgras syndrome as a symptom. PMID- 7212124 TI - Caloric consequences of sugar solutions: a failure to obtain gustatory learning. AB - Rats decrease total caloric intake, sometimes to the point of starvation, when sugar solutions are offered in conjunction with a daily pellet meal. This phenomenon appears to be based on a tendency to behave as if overestimating the caloric value of simple sugars. In these experiments, rats were exposed to a variety of conditions that allowed the opportunity to monitor the taste and postingestive properties of sucrose or glucose solutions. Despite these repeated opportunities to learn the true caloric value of the solutions, the rats continued to exhibit the exaggerated response. The results suggest that the gustatory receptors that have evolved to detect the normally low concentrations of sugars in the natural environment may be inherently inaccurate in response to relatively high concentrations of pure sugars. Furthermore, the rat may be contraprepared to form the quantitative gustatory associations that would be necessary to correct this error tendency. PMID- 7212126 TI - How does adaptation to disparity affect the perception of reversible figures? AB - The finding of Virsu in 1975 that prior adaptation to a version of the Schroder staircase with disparity tends to produce the opposite perspective interpretation of a subsequently presented zero-disparity stereogram was confirmed. A similar pattern of results was found when the test field was monocularly rather than binocularly presented, even after an interval of 30-60 seconds. The origin of the effect is discussed in the light of this new evidence. PMID- 7212127 TI - The golden section hypothesis. AB - The golden section hypothesis states that a visual form is most aesthetically pleasing when the ratio of the dimensions (x,y) equals the ratio of the larger dimension to the sum of the two, i.e. x/y = y/(x + y). The ratio of larger to smaller is then 1.618....A review of studies of the golden section hypothesis indicates that the attempt to determine preferences for certain ratios by asking subjects to rank a fixed series of stimuli does not lead to meaningful results. A simple experiment shows that about half of the subject rank the stimuli in order of increasing or decreasing ratio. The study of preferred ratios from drawings is subject to fewer methodological problems. The modal length-to-breadth ratio of 515 drawn ellipses was found to be 1.60-1.79, close to the golden section. However, a similar "preference" was found for the length of the drawings, indicating that such group preferences are probably of little aesthetic or psychological importance. PMID- 7212128 TI - Effects of label distinctiveness and label testing on recognition of complex pictures. AB - Two experiments examined the effects of label retrieval upon subsequent recognition of complex, scenic pictures. Contrary to past research, i.e., Bahrick and Boucher's 1968 study, retrieval of labels which accompanied pictures at input was associated with high recognition of "same-photo" (copy) cues but not false recognition of similar "same-scene" cues on a subsequent "photo" recognition test. The label-retrieval effect can be attributed to actual rehearsal of pictorial information and not to item selection. In addition, the beneficial effects of label retrieval did not vary with the informational content of the label itself, i.e., its power to distinguish between same-photo and same-scene items. However, the effects of label-type as well as label retrieval varied with recognition test instructions. In a "scene" recognition test, requiring recognition of both same-photo and same-scene items, effects of label-type were stronger than in the "photo" test, while effects of label retrieval were not significant. The results highlight the complexity of the relationships between label retrieval and picture recognition and suggest several factors which might determine such relationships. PMID- 7212125 TI - Feature-positive and feature-negative learning in the rhesus monkey and pigeon. AB - In separate experiments four monkeys and eight pigeons were presented with displays containing one red and two green keys and displays containing three green keys. During feature-positive phases, responses to displays containing the one red and two green keys were reinforced on a fixed-ratio schedule, while responses to displays containing the three green keys were never reinforced. During feature-negative phases, only responses to the three green key displays were reinforced. For monkeys in Experiment 1, both between and within subject analyses indicated that the learning of feature-positive discriminations was superior to the learning of feature-negative discriminations. The within subject analysis further revealed that performance on a feature-positive discrimination was retarded following exposure to a feature-negative discrimination, while performance on a feature-negative discrimination was enhanced following exposure to a feature-positive discrimination. Experiment 2 replicated the essential aspects of these reversal effects in four experimental pigeons. Evidence that these reversal effects were not simply a function of time was provided by four control birds exposed to only a feature-positive or feature-negative discrimination. PMID- 7212130 TI - Item and attribute storage of pictures and words in memory. AB - In two experiments, subjects memorized either line drawings or matching words during acquisition and then judged either pictures or words during recognition, creating four groups (picture-picture, picture-word, word-word, word-picture). The color and spatial location of the acquisition items varied, so that subjects' memory for attribute information could be assessed. The main findings were (a) subjects remembered semantic item information best, followed by spatial and then color information, (b) there was no interaction of distractor type with the format conditions, and (c) overall performance in the picture-word condition was inferior to the picture-picture condition, but word-word and word-picture groups did not differ. The implications of these findings for different representational and processing theories of picture memory are discussed. PMID- 7212129 TI - A comparison between listening to and shadowing a play for selective attention. AB - One of the problems associated with shadowing when studying selective attention is that the subject's own voice interferes with the other messages in the dichotic listening task. The present study compared shadowing with just listening to a play about which the subjects were questioned afterward. In the secondary channel subjects heard another play that had to be ignored. A digit monitoring task performed at the same time on both channels showed that virtually no digits could be monitored on the secondary channel during shadowing. Digit detection was much lower on the secondary channel compared with that on the primary channel for subjects listening to the primary channel, but listening produced higher digit detection rates on the primary channel compared with shadowing. The other main findings were first, that the number of digits detected on both channels by subjects listening to the play was inversely related to their performance on a comprehension test and second, that it was likely that for a proportion of the time, at least, listeners were listening to both messages simultaneously. PMID- 7212131 TI - Resistance to extinction of a taste aversion: effects of level of training and procedures used in acquisition and extinction. AB - Two studies investigated the relationship between acquisition and extinction procedures on the development and elimination of a taste aversion. In the first experiment, subjects were given either forced or free choice acquisition to a common acquisition criterion. Then, their aversion was extinguished under either the free or forced choice procedure. The results of the first study showed that the greatest resistance to extinction was produced with a forced acquisition and free extinction procedure and the least resistance was produced by a free acquisition and forced procedure. Experiment 2 employed an equal number of acquisition trials (one or three) under either free or forced acquisition followed by either free or forced extinction. The results of Experiment 2 found that resistance to extinction was greater with three compared with one acquisition trial, but the acquisition technique did not influence resistance to extinction. As in the first experiment, extinction was more rapid with forced extinction. It appears that the strength of a taste-illness association is primarily dependent on the number of CS-US associations. Thus, when a common criterion is used, forced subjects take longer to extinguish their aversion due to their stronger taste-illness association. When an equivalent number of pairings is used, extinction rats are equal in free and forced animals (even though acquisition intake was higher in forced animals). PMID- 7212132 TI - Guessing instructions, experience with stimuli, and array structure in tachistoscopic letter identification. AB - The roles of guessing instructions, familiarity with the stimuli, and array structure were assessed in a letter identification task. Seven retinal locations were sampled within the central 2.6 degrees of the visual field using an indicator that appeared either simultaneously with the array or immediately after it. Retinal locus was the major determiner of letter-recognition accuracy, producing W-shaped functions regardless of instructions, or degree of familiarity with the stimuli. Stimulus structure did not produce a systematic effect. PMID- 7212134 TI - Perceptual isolation and position judgment. AB - Prior findings showed that perceptual isolation of one item in a low similarity list facilitated total-list learning of order. A reconstruction procedure in which a spatial framework was provided during test trials, was used in those studies. In order to extend the generality of those findings, a position judgment procedure was used in the present experiments; subjects estimated ordinal position of each item following each of six study trials in which the 12 CVC items were displayed in a fixed sequence. That to-be-learned sequence was defined temporally in Experiment 1, which failed to corroborate prior findings, but was presented simultaneously and spatially in Experiment 2, which did. Interpretation focused on conditions necessary for finding homologous effects for supplied anchors and isolating stimuli, suggesting that absolute judgment can be regarded as a special case of serial learning, and vice versa, and on circumstances allowing utilization of an isolating stimulus as an organizational device. PMID- 7212133 TI - Eye movements and choice times in mirror image pattern discrimination. AB - This paper studied mirror image and nonmirror image pattern discrimination by measuring adults' eye movements as they responded to spatially simple or spatially complex stimulus pairs. Two measures were derived from the eye movement data; the average position of the subject's gaze as a function of time (scanpath), and the distribution of eye positions sampled over the patterns (dwell distribution). The data show that spatial complexity has a qualitative influence on the processing of mirror and nonmirror patterns, that spatially complex pairs tend to be scanned from left-to-right, and that peripheral features are not usually directly fixated. The data also bear on theories of symmetry perception, and indicate that symmetry is not always perceived in a holistic fashion. PMID- 7212135 TI - The impact of the accident at the Three Mile Island on the behavior and well being of nuclear workers; Part I: perceptions and evaluations, behavioral responses, and work-related attitudes and feelings. AB - In order to assess the impact of the accident at the Three Mile Island (TMI), telephone interviews were conducted six months later with 324 nuclear workers assigned to TMI and 298 workers assigned to a comparison plant at Peach Bottom (PB). Examination of PB-TMI differences, stratified by supervisory status, revealed the following: Part I: TMI workers reported greater exposure to radiation at the time of the accident and felt that their health had been thereby endangered. TMI workers experienced more uncertainty and conflict at the time of the accident. Coping responses such as seeing a doctor, taking drugs, and increasing alcohol consumption were quite infrequent. Leaving the area was more common; however, over 40 per cent of TMI workers wished to leave but did not do so because of work obligations. TMI workers reported much lower job satisfaction and much greater uncertainty about their job future. PMID- 7212136 TI - The impact of the accident at the Three Mile Island on the behavior and well being of nuclear workers: Part II: job tension, psychophysiological symptoms, and indices of distress. AB - TMI workers experienced much greater job tension and lower occupational self esteem (supervisors only). At the time of the accident, TMI workers reported experiencing more periods of anger, extreme worry and extreme upset, and more psychophysiological symptoms. Six months after the accident, some persistence of these feelings and symptoms was evident. Demoralization was greater primarily among TMI non-supervisory workers. The impact of the accident was not greater among TMI workers living closer to the plant. Presence of a preschool child at home enhanced the impact of the accident, but primarily among TMI supervisors. PMID- 7212137 TI - Seasonal patterns of skin melanoma incidence in Hawaii. AB - We analyzed the seasonal pattern of diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the skin among Caucasians in Hawaii during 1960-1978. For all cases combined, a significant sine-wave pattern with a summertime peak was found. This pattern was most pronounced for melanoma of head and neck and lower extremities and for persons age 50 and over. These findings support the hypothesis that solar ultraviolet radiation may be a short-term promoter of some malignant melanomas of the skin. PMID- 7212139 TI - Massive obesity in a migrant Samoan population. AB - Peoples of the Pacific Islands tend to become overweight when they migrate or are exposed to modernization in situ. Recent evidence suggests that Samoans are particularly susceptible, exhibiting a high prevalence of obesity and hypertension following migration to Hawaii. We report the preliminary results of a survey of height, weight, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) among an urbanized Samoan community the the San Francisco Bay Area. Although the participants' average height fell between the 25th and 50th percentile of the US population, about one-half our sample exceeded the 95th percentile for weight. The extreme overweight was accompanied by elevated blood pressure and, in females, by elevated FPG. The massive adult weight of migrants from the Pacific Islands carries serious public health implications for areas that support large migrant communities. PMID- 7212140 TI - Low-cost health delivery systems: lessons from Nicaragua. AB - In 1976 the Ministry of Health of Nicaragua began a low cost program to deliver simple health services in rural areas through trained traditional birth attendants or "parteras." After two years the program had prepared 768 parteras in a five-day training course. Parteras were equipped with a kit that included oral rehydration salts, an antihelminthic, multi-vitamins with iron, aspirin, contraceptives, and obstetrical equipment. The difficulties encountered in implementing this limited set of simple health services illustrate a number of potential obstacles to the achievement of universal, comprehensive primary health care in less developed countries. The most prominent difficulties involved elements of the health service delivery system itself: supervision, the collection and use of management information, training, partera selection, and logistics. The experience also provided examples of issues in the design of delivery systems that require specific applied research. PMID- 7212141 TI - Occupational health in Cuba. AB - Health and safety regulation, training, and research were practically non existent in Cuba before the Revolution in 1959. Since that time important advances have been made. Specialized inspectors, occupational physicians, and other such personnel are now trained in Cuba. An Occupational Health Institute, founded in 1976, provides training and specialized technical services, and conducts research. In 1978, a far reaching "Work Safety and Health Law" was enacted which defines the rights and responsibility of government agencies, workplace administrators, unions, and workers. Comprehensive control of toxic substances in workplaces, still at an early stage, is likely to increase in light of the new law, the growing availability of qualified personnel, and the mounting concern of public health authorities with the increasingly "developed" health profile of the population. PMID- 7212142 TI - Occupational information on death certificates: a survey of state practices. AB - A national survey was conducted in 1979 to determine the extent to which state and local vital registration offices coded and stored occupational information reported on death certificates. This survey found that 11 states routinely code occupation, seven routinely code industry, and six have coded occupation and/or industry on a limited basis. State and federal cooperation is needed to facilitate increased use of mortality data for environmental and occupational health research. PMID- 7212138 TI - Mistreatment of the elderly in the domestic setting: an exploratory study. AB - Professionals and practitioners (N = 228) involved in providing services to the elderly were interviewed regarding their experiences with the mistreatment of older people by their families. Semi-structured questions dealt with: case identification and follow-up procedures; perceptions of etiological factors; and descriptive typologies from illustrative case histories. Findings indicated that domestic mistreatment of the elderly was familiar to most professionals interviewed, to the extent that 60 per cent of the respondents dealt with such cases on a weekly basis. Among the 10 professional groups interviewed, there was little variation in their experiences with neglect; police officers, lawyers, community mental health and aging services workers had greater exposure to cases of physical abuse. Intentional mistreatment was typically viewed as a consequence of inadequacies in the caretaker, while unintentional cases were related to the victims' isolation. Most respondents indicated that there were no established procedures for dealing with, or following-up mistreatment cases, and over one half reported that nothing was done. Differences in perception of the etiology of domestic mistreatment of the elderly were closely related to the occupational perspectives of the various respondent groups. Although incidence rates could not be established, 89 illustrative cases of domestic mistreatment of the elderly were indicative of the severity of the occurrences and the absence of appropriate interventions. PMID- 7212143 TI - Job satisfaction in the practice of clinical pharmacy. AB - Two groups of pharmacists (n = 69) assigned to 35 US Army Medical Treatment Facilities were surveyed to assess job satisfaction. Pharmacists providing patient care were significantly more satisfied on intrinsic job satisfaction measures than pharmacists not providing patient care. On the other hand, no significant difference in satisfaction was found between pharmacy groups on extrinsic job satisfaction measures. The results are discussed relative to intrinsic and extrinsic sources of job satisfaction and patient care. PMID- 7212144 TI - Smoking and epidemic influenza-like illness in female military recruits: a brief survey. AB - An outbreak of influenza-like disease caused illness among 48 per cent of 173 female military recruits, 35 per cent of whom smoked cigarettes. The risk of influenza-like illness was greater in smokers (60.0 per cent) than in nonsmokers (41.6 per cent), with a risk ratio of 1.44 (95 per cent CL 1.03-2.01). Among those ill, a significantly greater proportion of smokers visited the clinic than nonsmokers. This could have been due to more severe illness among smokers, or to a greater tendency to visit the physician. The proportion of influenza-like disease attributable to smoking in this population was 13 per cent. PMID- 7212145 TI - Skin color and education effects on blood pressure. AB - This study reports that education effects but not skin color effects were associated with blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension in a cohort of Black females in Charleston, South Carolina, observed over the period 1960-1975. The authors suggest that skin color may be a secondary (non-causal) associate of blood pressure in Blacks. PMID- 7212146 TI - Endometrial epithelial metaplasias: proliferations frequently misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Report of 89 cases and proposed classification. AB - Endometrial epithelial metaplasia refers to the replacement of the normal endometrial glandular epithelium by cells that are either not encountered in the normal endometrium or, if present, are usually inconspicuous elements. Because these cells appear unusual or "atypical" and because they may line architecturally complex glands, this benign process is frequently confused with adenocarcinoma. This report concerns the clinical and light-microscopic findings in 89 patients whose endometria demonstrated some form of metaplasia. Most of these metaplastic changes could be placed in one of the following seven categories: 1) morules and squamous metaplasia; 2) syncytial papillary metaplasia; 3) ciliated cell metaplasia ("tubal" metaplasia); 4) eosinophilic metaplasia; 5) mucinous metaplasia; 6) hobnail metaplasia; or 7) clear cell metaplasia. The defining characteristics of each of these groups and their differential diagnoses are discussed. The majority of women whose endometria demonstrated metaplastic transformation were postmenopausal, and most had received some form of oral estrogen replacement therapy within 3 months of the time of curettage or endometrial biopsy. PMID- 7212147 TI - Neoplastic involvement of nipple and skin flap in carcinoma of the breast. AB - This study was carried out to determine the frequency of neoplastic involvement of the nipple and of the skin flap in 1,000 mastectomy specimens with primary breast carcinomas. Nipple involvement (Paget's, and carcinoma in ducts or stroma or in lymphatics) was encountered in 23.4% of the cases and appeared to be more frequently associated with tumors of large size or located in the central sector of the breast, and with the intraductal and small cell carcinomas. The skin flap was invaded by the underlying tumor in 101 cases, particularly when the tumors were over 2 cm in diameter and when the nipples were involved. In 12 additional cases, tumor emboli in dermal lymphatics were discovered microscopically in random sections of the skin flap. The neoplastic involvement could not be recognized grossly in 58% of the involved nipples, in 28.7% of the skin flaps directly invaded by an underlying tumor, and in nine of the 10 cases with microscopic emboli dermal lymphatics and in which the gross appearance of the skin was recorded. A high incidence of axillary metastases was found in association with nipple and skin involvement. PMID- 7212148 TI - Giant-cell reparative granuloma of short tubular bones of the hands and feet. AB - Eight cases of giant-cell reparative granuloma were encountered in the short tubular bones of the hands and feet. This entity was originally described by Jaffe as a jaw lesion. Subsequently the lesion was found in the skull and facial bones. The name "giant cell reaction" was applied to similar lesions found in the short tubular bones of hands and feet. Thirteen prior cases have been reported and none recurred. Of the eight new cases described herein, four have recurred one or more times, requiring further treatment. No association with hyperparathyroidism was found. We prefer to designate these lesions as giant cell reparative granulomas of extragnathic sites. Because of overlapping ultrastructural and light-microscopic features, as well as similar biologic behavior, we feel that aneurysmal bone cyst and these giant-cell reparative lesions represent related responses to intraosseous hemorrhage. PMID- 7212150 TI - Papillary elastofibroma of the left ventricular septum. AB - Papillary elastofibromas of the heart are usually incidental findings at autopsy. They occur more commonly on the surfaces of the valves than on the mural endothelium and are characterized by a papillary configuration with fronds composed of a collagenous and elastic tissue core lined by hyperplastic endothelial cells. Echocardiography and cardiac catherization demonstrated the lesion preoperatively in this case. PMID- 7212149 TI - Neoplasia in analgesic nephropathy. A urothelial field change. AB - The association between analgesic nephropathy and urothelial cancer, usually in the renal pelvis, is well established. We report two such patients in whom careful morphologic study of nephrectomy specimens demonstrated severe and extensive urothelial dysplasia, with focal carcinoma in situ and grossly invisible invasive tumors. In one of these patients, no gross lesion was apparent in the urothelium. These findings support the development of invasive carcinoma through a phase of carcinoma in situ caused by the action of carcinogenic analgesic metabolites in the urine. Further, they indicate the need for caution in the assessment of urinary cytologic atypia and for care in the examination of excised urothelium in those patients. PMID- 7212151 TI - Paraganglioma of the thyroid gland. AB - A case of a paraganglioma located within the thyroid gland is reported, and the light- and electron-microscopic features are described. Review of the literature reveals only one other case of intrathyroidal paraganglioma, which was associated with bilateral carotid body tumors. Regarding the present case, no similar tumors have been noted elsewhere. The findings support the view that the thyroid gland should be included among the unusual sites at which primary paragangliomas may occur. PMID- 7212152 TI - Ethmoidal fibro-osseous lesion in a child. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems. AB - A 4-year-old Caucasian male presented with marked proptosis of the right eye of 3 months' duration. A large soft tissue mass occupied fully the right ethmoid sinus; radiologic evidence of extensive bone destruction suggested a malignant tumor. Unexpectedly, a biopsy of the ethmoid tumor was interpreted as benign. Over the next 2 months, this lesion progressed rapidly, with further bone destruction and extension into the anterior cranial fossa. The histopathologic features of a resection specimen were so variable that a wide range of diagnoses was offered by several consultants who examined the material. This lack of agreement among experts in the field of bone diseases considerably influenced the treatment program selected for this patient. PMID- 7212153 TI - Tubular carcinoma and sclerosing adenosis. PMID- 7212155 TI - Tropical splenomegaly syndrome in a nontropical setting. AB - Tropical splenomegaly syndrome, a rare complication of recurrent malarial infection thought to occur only in endemic areas, was diagnosed in a 9-year resident of the United States. The patient had splenomegaly, anemia, a history of recurrent fever since childhood, cryoglobulinemia, increased serum IgM, and elevated specific immunofluorescent antibody titers to Plasmodium falciparum. After antimalarial treatment and splenectomy, she became asymptomatic and the IgM levels and specific antibody titers returned to normal. Because of increased travel to and from endemic malarial areas, this syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic splenomegaly. PMID- 7212154 TI - Prostatic perineural space. PMID- 7212156 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of the cellular response to Schistosoma mansoni: initial and challenge infections in the rat. AB - Morphological examination of both the lung and liver stages of Schistosoma mansoni infection in the CDF rat was conducted to further define the interactions of host cells with developing schistosomula. Examination of the developing schistosomula in the lungs revealed that all worms observed were in the vasculature, usually wedged in a vessel just large enough to accommodate the worms and a few erythrocytes. No concentrations of granulocytes or mononuclear cells were seen in direct contact with worms. Examination of livers 17-19 days postinfection showed a similar intravascular location for the worms. There was a striking perivascular response in the livers of infected rats, consisting of numerous eosinophils, frequent mast cells and macrophages, as well as mononuclear cells. No cells from this response were observed in direct contact with the schistosomula. In challenge exposures, the portal venules containing schistosomula were surrounded by an intense perivascular accumulation of eosinophils, macrophages, mast cells, and plasma cells. Fibroblasts and intercellular deposition of collagen in the inflammatory focus were also evident. Granulocytes, primarily eosinophils, were observed in the blood spaces near the schistosomula. This secondary cellular response differed from the initial hepatic lesion in containing increased numbers of mast cells and plasma cells, and in the presence of perivascular fibrosis. PMID- 7212157 TI - Attempts to transfer the resistance of Schistosoma mansoni-infected and irradiated cercaria-immunized mice by means of parabiosis. AB - Acquired resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection was measured in S. mansoni infected or irradiated cercaria-immunized mice, and in normal mice to which the former had been surgically joined. Such parabiotic partners were shown to freely exchange humoral and cellular blood constituents. There was no detectable transfer of resistance from mice infected for 8, 12, or 28 weeks to their uninfected partners, even if parabiosis was established before the initial infection and maintained to autopsy. In comparison with parabiosed controls, the number of adult worms surviving from a challenge infection was reduced by 51-96% in the previously infected mice but was not significantly reduced in their uninfected partners. In contrast, mice immunized with irradiated cercariae and their nonimmunized parabiotic partners showed similar levels of resistance. These data indicate that the resistance induced in mice by irradiated cercariae can be transferred, confirm that at least under some experimental conditions the resistance induced in mice by a previous S. mansoni infection is not readily transferred, and provide additional evidence that the resistance induced by normal infection and irradiated cercarial immunization differ in some fundamental way. PMID- 7212158 TI - The circumoval precipitin test for the serodiagnosis of human schistosomiasis mansoni and haematobia. PMID- 7212159 TI - Changes in the tegumental surface of Schistosoma haematobium during development in the mammalian host. AB - The development of surface of Schistosoma haematobium in the mammalian host was studied by scanning electron microscopy, beginning with lung stages obtained at 7 days, and at various intervals thereafter to completion of development. The major changes observed were similar to those previously seen in Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 7212161 TI - Brain abscess and other protean manifestations of actinomycosis. AB - Reports on human actinomycosis documented by culture have been infrequent, particularly from India. The present paper reports 12 cases of actinomycosis confirmed by culture. These include two unusual cases of actinomycosis of the brain with no granules in the pus, two pulmonary cases, one renal, one abdominal, and six cervico-facial. The lethal outcome with organ involvement, and the chronicity in some cases, warrant early etiologic confirmation and prompt treatment. PMID- 7212160 TI - Effect of flubendazole on Cysticercus cellulosae in pigs. AB - The effect of flubendazole on Cysticercus cellulosae was tested in 15 pigs. In doses o 8.3 mg/kg body weight or more daily for 10 days the drug was lethal to the cysticerci, causing both macroscopic and microscopic morphological alterations. An in vitro test showed 0% viability of cysticerci in most of the treated pigs, whereas in 90-100% of 11 control pigs they were viable. PMID- 7212162 TI - Oropouche virus. II. Epidemiological observations during an epidemic in Santarem, Para, Brazil in 1975. AB - An epidemic of Oropouche fever occurred in Santarem, Para, Brazil in 1975. In the first survey for Oropouche antibodies involving a random sample of an entire city, infection rates varied from 0-44%, depending on the specific area within the city. Women had higher infection rates than men, but this difference was statistically significant only for persons older than 10 years of age. An analysis of school data showed that pupils in the evening classes had a greater increase in absenteeism during the epidemic period than those attending morning or afternoon classes. These data are compatible with the concept that Culicoides paraensis rather than Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus is the main vector of Oropouche virus in Brazil. PMID- 7212163 TI - Oropouche virus. III. Entomological observations from three epidemics in Para, Brazil, 1975. AB - Urban epidemics of Oropouche (ORO) fever in three municipalities in Para, Brazil were studied in 1975. Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi) were collected during each of the epidemics and there was a positive correlation, by study areas within the city of Santarem, between human seropositivity to ORO virus and population densities of C. paraensis and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. The best numerical correlation was with populations of C. paraensis. The relative absence of other species in the areas of high disease attack rates was further evidence C. paraensis were the probable vectors of ORO virus. These biting midges were found to bite readily inside of houses, with an indoor/outdoor ratio of 29%, and were most active around 1700-1800 hours. Other biological observations on C. paraensis are presented. PMID- 7212165 TI - Suppression of dengue virus replication in vitro by rimantadine hydrochloride. AB - The effects of rimantadine on dengue virus replication were examined in a variety of tissue culture systems. The growth of dengue virus type 2 in human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) was completely suppressed when rimantadine was included in the culture medium at a concentration of 25 microgram/ml. Similarly, rimantadine caused a significant inhibition of dengue virus replicaton in cultures of rhesus monkey PBL. Addition of drug into virus-infected LLC-MK2 cell cultures caused a decrease in the production of all four types of dengue virus. Maximal inhibition of dengue virus replication by rimantadine was observed when the drug was added immediately following the viral adsorption period. Rimantadine did not induce may cytopathic effects on either LLC-MK2 cells or PBL at concentrations less than 75 microgram/ml. These findings demonstrate that rimantadine is an effective inhibitor of dengue virus replication in vitro, and indicate a need for further examination of the efficacy of rimantadine against severe dengue virus disease. PMID- 7212164 TI - Oropouche virus. IV. Laboratory transmission by Culicoides paraensis. AB - Biological transmission of Oropouche (ORO) virus by Culicoides paraensis (Goeldi) has been successfully demonstrated in the laboratory. Adult Culicoides, collected in an area where ORO virus was absent, were infected by feeding on viremic hamsters and then periodically exposed to susceptible hamsters at specific intervals post-infectious blood meal. These C. paraensis were capable of biological transmission of the virus 4-9 days post-feeding on viremic hamsters circulating 6.7-9.9 log10SMLD50/ml virus. Infection rates of 54% and 80% were found for C. paraensis assayed 7 days post-feeding. Virus transmission rates for these experiments were 83% and 25%, respectively. No evidence of mechanical transmission of ORO virus by C. paraensis was observed when interrupted feeding of Culicoides on viremic hamsters was followed by feeding on susceptible hamsters. PMID- 7212166 TI - Dissemination barriers for western equine encephalomyelitis virus in Culex tarsalis infected after ingestion of low viral doses. AB - There are two dose-dependent barriers to the transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in infected female Culex tarsalis. In the first, virus multiplies in the mesenteron, but does not invade other tissues regardless of the length of extrinsic incubation. We call this the "mesenteronal escape" barrier. In some mosquitoes virus escapes from the infected mesenteron but a second barrier prevents infection of the salivary glands and perhaps neural tissues. We designate this the "salivary gland infection" barrier. The effectiveness of the second barrier decreases with time but still is evident after 21 days of extrinsic incubation. The distribution of virus in the tissues of nontransmitting females with either of these barriers is described. PMID- 7212167 TI - Comparative efficacies of quinine and chloroquine as companions to primaquine in a curative drug regimen. AB - A comparison has been made of the capacities of chloroquine and quinine to serve as companions to primaquine in curing established infections with sporozoites of the M or B strains of Plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys. The results indicated that chloroquine was slightly but consistently more effective than quinine in this role. This finding provides support for use of chloroquine as the companion blood schizonticide in the current experimental animal-based search for improved tissue schizonticidal drugs, and bolsters the rather tenuous base for clinical use of this 4-aminoquinoline, rather than quinine, as a companion to primaquine in suppressive-curative and radical-curative regimens. PMID- 7212168 TI - Ecology of tick-borne agents in California. I. Spotted fever group rickettsiae. PMID- 7212169 TI - Wheezing bronchitis in children on a South Pacific Island. AB - Retrospective and prospective studies were done on children with wheezing bronchitis on the small Pacific island of Niue. Wheezing bronchitis was found to be a common cause of morbidity, but not mortality in these children. Episodes of the disease were most common in children under the age of 4 years and tended to disappear as they became older. A case-control study indicated smoking by the mother (P less than 0.0001), positive stool examination for parasites (P less than 0.001), mother with a history of wheezing bronchitis (P less than 0.01) and father smoking (P less than 0.05) were all correlated with wheezing bronchitis. Skin testing and serologic results indicated that hypersensitivity to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata) antigens were also associated with having wheezing bronchitis. This study demonstrates the multifactorial etiology of wheezing bronchitis on a Pacific island. PMID- 7212170 TI - A comparison of calcium gluconate and methocarbamol (Robaxin) in the treatment of Latrodectism (black widow spider envenomation). AB - Calcium gluconate and methocarbamol were compared by using an algorithmic treatment protocol on all cases of Latrodectus (black widow) envenomation seen over a period of 3 years. Six of 13 patients were effectively cured of their symptoms by calcium gluconate, while only one of 10 patients was relieved by methocarbamol. Calcium gluconate remains the drug of first choice for this syndrome. It was also noted that calcium gluconate was more effective in patients who presented 3 hours of more after they were bitten. Antivenom may be necessary in those who present with symptoms in less than 3 hours. PMID- 7212172 TI - Susceptibility of Aotus trivirgatus to Leishmania braziliensis and L. mexicana. AB - Two Aotus trivirgatus (owl monkeys) were infected experimentally with Leishmania braziliensis and two with L. mexicana strains of Panamanian origin in a pilot study to determine the susceptibility and the course of infection of cutaneous leishmaniasis in this primate species. Montenegro skin tests performed on all animals prior to parasite inoculation were negative. A standardized inoculum of promastigotes was injected intradermally on the nose of each monkey. All of the animals developed infections which lasted from 3.5 to 8.5 months. Depigmentation developed at the site of the inoculation in all of the subjects. The severity of the resulting lesions was greater in the animals infected with L. braziliensis. Positive skin tests developed in three A. trivirgatus at days 62, 76, and 139 postinoculation, respectively. An explanation for the negative skin test in the fourth animal is discussed. PMID- 7212171 TI - The induction of host resistance to tick infestation with a salivary gland antigen. AB - Salivary gland antigen, SGA, derived from partially engorged female Dermacentor andersoni was shown to be capable of inducing resistance to tick infestation in guinea pigs never previously exposed to ticks. Immunization regimens involved the administration of SGA by different routes and with or without the use of adjuvants. Induced resistance was expressed by significantly fewer larvae engorging, and the weight of larvae which did engorge was reduced. Salivary gland antigen has been shown to interact with the immune effector elements of animals which acquired and expressed tick resistance due to infestation. These findings demonstrated the potential for an immunologic approach to tick control. PMID- 7212173 TI - Hypokalemic respiratory muscle paralysis following Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection: a case report. AB - Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in a malnourished 6-year-old boy was characterized by severe diarrhea, dehydration and marked hypokalemia, followed by acute respiratory failure due to respiratory muscle paralysis, and cardiac arrest. He was resuscitated and maintained with positive pressure ventilation and intravenous infusion of potassium and gluco-saline solution. These measures produced recovery from the respiratory muscle paralysis. Stool examination revealed eggs and numerous larvae of S. stercoralis, and thiabendazole was initiated. He continued to have severe diarrhea and again developed marked hypokalemia with respiratory muscle paralysis, abdominal distention, and cardiac arrhythmias with cardiac arrest episodes. In spite of fluid and electrolyte replacement the patient died. PMID- 7212174 TI - Pica patterns, toxocariasis, and elevated blood lead in children. AB - Blood samples were obtained during a lead screening program from 100 children aged 1-6 years in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, to determine whether there was any association between specific forms of pica and infection with Toxocara canis, the principal cause of visceral larva migrans in the United States, or elevated blood lead levels. Significant associations were found between: 1) feces, soil, or grass pica and Toxocara infection; 2) paint or plaster pica and elevated blood lead; and 3) dog ownership and Toxocara infection. These findings suggest that an accurate pica history may be useful in identifying potential health problems in children. PMID- 7212175 TI - Presence of Angiostrongylus costaricensis Morera and Cespedes 1971 in Colombia. AB - Angiostrongylus costaricensis, producing abdominal angiostrongyliasis, is known to occur in humans and/or rodents in the Western Hemisphere, namely in the U.S.A. (Texas), Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, and Brazil, Rats, Oryzomys caliginosus, in Colombia were found to harbor the parasite. First-stage larvae from one of these rats developed to third-stage larvae in the slug Veronicella occidentalis, also from Colombia. PMID- 7212180 TI - Cholecystostomy for noninflammatory disease. AB - Cholecystostomy in patients with noninflammatory disease of the biliary tract has rarely been evaluated. Our experience with 124 patients suggests that, in addition to being helpful in inflammatory conditions, cholecystostomy is helpful in performing cholangiography, in removing stones and in decompressing an otherwise obstructed biliary tree. The mortality associated with this procedure is minimal, and the morbidity is 4.5 percent. PMID- 7212177 TI - The China connection. PMID- 7212178 TI - Parietal cell vagotomy for duodenal and pyloric ulcers. I. Clinical factors leading to failure of the operation. PMID- 7212179 TI - Parietal cell vagotomy for duodenal and pyloric ulcers. II. Histopathology and gastric secretion. PMID- 7212176 TI - Schistosoma japonicum-like eggs in the appendix of an inhabitant of Java, Indonesia. A case report. AB - The second case of autochthonous Schistosoma japonicum-like infection in man from Indonesia is reported. An appendectomy was performed on a 34-year-old inhabitant of Java of Chinese heritage. Microscopic examination of the necrotic appendix revealed S. japonicum-like eggs in the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers. There were many degenerated and mineralized eggs, some of which were within giant cells and/or surrounded by scar tissue. PMID- 7212181 TI - Colonoscopy in children. AB - The flexible 65 cm endoscope, while introduced for use in the diagnosis of colonic disease in adults, has proven valuable for diagnosis and treatment in children. The diameter of the American Cystoscope Company's instrument makes it ideal for children. The spectrum of colonic disease in children parallels that in adults. Although carcinoma is rare, polypoid disease, colitis, enterocolitis and lymphoid hyperplasia are sufficiently common to warrant consideration of colonoscopy. The present study, while small, suggests the usefulness of this procedure. With the use of the easily maneuvered, short instrument, a surgeon experienced in colonoscopy can reduce the need for laparotomy in many children. PMID- 7212182 TI - Clinical study of pheochromocytoma. AB - Seventeen patients underwent 22 operations for pheochromocytoma over a 26 year period. The patients included 11 in three kindreds of familial pheochromocytoma and 6 with sporadic tumors. The diagnosis was usually suggested by the patient's history. Confirmation of the diagnosis frequently required repeated testing for urinary or plasma catecholamines. Arteriography was the most effective method of preoperative tumor localization. Two tumors were proven nonfunctional. Others secreted either norepinephrine or epinephrine and norepinephrine. The familial patients showed a high incidence of multiple, bilateral and extraadrenal lesions. In contrast to previous reports, the familial tumors were found more often in the right than in the left adrenal gland. HL-A genotyping analysis of the sporadic and familial patients failed to demonstrate any HL-A antigen association or interdependent segregation of tumor and HL-A antigens within kindreds. PMID- 7212183 TI - Significance of ulcerated plaque in transient cerebral ischemia. AB - The results of 210 endarterectomies in 174 patients are reviewed. The average age was 60.3 years for women and 62.1 years for men, with women comprising 53 percent of the population. Pathologic evaluation of tissue removed at time of surgery revealed macroscopic ulcerations in 50 percent of specimens and microscopic ulcerations in 33 percent, with 15 percent of specimens having both macroscopic and microscopic ulcerations. We were unable to identify a set of factors on the basis of symptoms or preoperative studies that would unequivocally indicate ulceration, but we believe that this study reinforces the concept that atheromatous embolization is probably a more frequent remedial cause of transient ischemic attacks than ischemia secondary to large vessel disease. PMID- 7212184 TI - Effect of washing closed head and neck wounds on wound healing and infection. AB - A group of 100 patients were compared with 100 control patients. Both groups had either traumatic or surgically incised clean wounds of the head and neck. The groups were similar except that the 100 test patients were allowed to wash their head and neck wounds with soap and water within hours after the repair, while the control group kept their wounds dry until all of the sutures were removed. On the basis of this study, we believe that allowing patients to wash their wounds and bathe routinely as early as 8 hours after wound closure hs no effect on wound or infection. We believe that good technique during surgery for incision or laceration closure is much more important than any manipulation of the wound or of the general body systems. PMID- 7212185 TI - Empyema of the gallbladder: a complication in the natural history of acute cholecystitis. AB - Empyema of the gallbladder was identified in 34 patients. Patients undergoing early operation without attempts at nonoperative treatment had less infectious morbidity and mortality. Delayed operative intervention, extrabiliary abscess, perforation of the gallbladder and common duct exploration are factors that contribute to increased risks in these patients. PMID- 7212186 TI - Ileostomy in ulcerative colitis. A questionnaire study of 1,803 patients. AB - A questionnaire regarding details of their illness, social, educational and religious background and various aspects of rehabilitation since surgery was completed by 1,803 persons who underwent ileostomy for ulcerative colitis between 1930 and 1970. The majority of participants were operated on since 1960, reported an above-average education, lived in metropolitan areas, had surgery performed as a single stage proctocolectomy, and were chronically ill for an average of almost 7 years from the onset of disease to ileostomy. An unexplained high incidence of Jewish patients was noted; in addition, Jewish patients comprised almost half of those who had a family history of inflammatory bowel disease. Although some participants reported major postoperative problems including unfavorable alterations in stomal structure and function, bowel obstruction, delayed perineal healing and nephrolithiasis, most patients were satisfied with life with an ileostomy, presently maintaining their health, employment, marriage and sexuality. PMID- 7212187 TI - Familial polyposis coli associated with bile duct cancer. AB - The clinical features and surgical management of two patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the bile duct in association with familial polyposis coli are described. The first patient had had subtotal colectomy for familial polyposis coli, and several resections of duodenal tumors. Carcinoma developed in the common bile duct and was treated with intubation and radiation therapy; he is still alive 2 years later. A second patient with cancer at the bifurcation of the bile ducts was treated with intubation and radiotherapy; 1 year later she had intestinal hemorrhage from a sigmoid colon cancer, and multiple colonic polyps were noted. We believe that this is the first report in the English literature of biliary cancer in association with familial polyposis coli or Gardner's syndrome. PMID- 7212188 TI - Acid corrosive gastritis. A plea for delayed surgical approach. AB - Acid corrosive gastritis is infrequently seen. It spares the esophagus and damages the antrum. It causes mucosal ulceration, damages the muscularis and ends in a typical antral stricture. The dynamic perpetuating pathophysiologic events, starting with coagulation necrosis, impose postponement of surgical intervention. Two cases of second degree acid corrosive gastritis are presented. Surgery was performed in both patients, only after dysphagia and vomiting became intractable. PMID- 7212189 TI - Suspected neoplasm of the liver with pulmonary metastases cured by surgery and penicillin. Disseminated actinomycosis revisited. PMID- 7212190 TI - Skin level permanent feeding gastrostomy. AB - Feeding gastrostomy can be troublesome, inconvenient and painful to the patient, especially if the catheter is redundant, thereby causing deformity of the opening ad leakage of gastric juice and food around the tube. A skin level permanent feeding gastrostomy was fashioned in four patients with neurologic disease. The mushroom catheter was introduced into the stomach, secured by a purse-string suture and fastened to the abdominal wall by a metal hub. The hub was fitted to a syringe by an adaptor for feeding purposes and was covered between meals. The device is simple to construct, safe, spill-proof and easily adopted by the patients. PMID- 7212191 TI - [Morphological changes in the mature placenta in anemia in pregnant women]. PMID- 7212192 TI - [Transplacental transport of trimecaine during the management of labor under prolonged peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 7212193 TI - [Functional diagnostic tests of fetal status]. PMID- 7212194 TI - [Characteristics of the central hemodynamics and organ blood flow in healthy newborn infants]. PMID- 7212195 TI - [Effect of acupuncture on uterine contractile activity and on the fetal functional state in pregnant animals]. PMID- 7212196 TI - [Sugar content in the blood and urine of newborn infants undergoing infusion therapy]. PMID- 7212197 TI - [Effectiveness of craniocerebral hypothermia in combination with overall therapy in treating term infants born in asphyxia and with an intracranial birth injury]. PMID- 7212198 TI - [Effect of helium-neon laser radiation on fetal development]. PMID- 7212200 TI - [State of the liver in newborn infants delivered by a cesarean section operation]. PMID- 7212199 TI - [Steroid hormone content and the activity of the thermostable isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase in the blood of women with a high-risk pregnancy]. PMID- 7212201 TI - [Clinical morphological characteristics of neonatal pneumopathies]. PMID- 7212202 TI - [Intravenous ketalar anesthesia during cesarean section]. PMID- 7212203 TI - [Risk of intravascular thrombus formation occurring in puerperae who have had a pathological blood loss during labor]. PMID- 7212204 TI - [Achievements and prospects for studying the problems of body adaptation of mother, fetus and newborn to the conditions of the Far North, Siberia and the Far East]. PMID- 7212205 TI - [Obstetrical anesthesiological and resuscitation field team]. PMID- 7212206 TI - [Vomiting of pregnant women]. PMID- 7212208 TI - [Total protein and albumins in late pregnancy toxicoses]. PMID- 7212207 TI - [Characteristics of the period of birth in the genesis of pediatric neuroses]. PMID- 7212209 TI - [Method of studying the sociomedical conditions of women with spontaneous abortions in the area of the Dr. Mara Maleeva-Zhivkova III Municipal Consolidated Hospital in the city of Sofia]. PMID- 7212211 TI - [Induction or stimulation of the labor process by intracervical hylase and oxytocin infusion in women with premature membrane rupture]. PMID- 7212210 TI - [Q fever in the etiology of spontaneous abortion]. PMID- 7212212 TI - [Effect of tocolytic treatment on the frequency of premature labor]. PMID- 7212214 TI - [Use of electroanalgesia in labor]. PMID- 7212213 TI - [Importance of maturity diagnosis using amniotic fluid components for determining the probable term of delivery in nutritional insufficiency of the placenta]. PMID- 7212215 TI - [Menarche and the form of the pelvis]. PMID- 7212216 TI - [Changes in the menstrual cycle parameters with prolonged use of an intrauterine device for contraceptive purposes]. PMID- 7212217 TI - [Hypophyseal anal ovarian disorders in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7212218 TI - [Bromocriptine treatment indications in endocrine sterility]. PMID- 7212219 TI - [Diagnostic potentials of transabdominal amniocentesis and its consequences]. PMID- 7212220 TI - [Blood volume changes in normal pregnancy and late toxicoses]. PMID- 7212221 TI - [Liver protein function studies in late pregnancy toxicoses]. PMID- 7212222 TI - [Case of thrombosis of the dura mater sinuses in early pregnancy]. PMID- 7212223 TI - Anesthesia for obstetrics. PMID- 7212224 TI - Magnesium flux during open heart surgery. The effect of St Thomas' Hospital cardioplegia solution. AB - The Hearse St Thomas' Hospital cardioplegia infusate is one method of preserving the myocardium in the absence of coronary perfusion, during open heart surgery. The infusate contains 16 mmol magnesium/litre and 20 mmol potassium/litre. Peri operative plasma magnesium levels and urinary excretion of magnesium have been measured, when the infusate was returned to the circulation in 12 patients. The plasma level (+/- SEM) rose to 1.86 mmol/litre (+/- 0.1) 5 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass commenced, was 1.57 mmol/litre (+/- 0.09) shortly before termination of cardiopulmonary bypass but was normal on the first day after surgery. Urinary excretion of magnesium was 55% of the administered quantity by Day 1 and 77% by the second day. Two patients excreted less than 40% of the administered magnesium within 24 hours probably indicating magnesium depletion. There were no adverse effects from a magnesium load of 16--32 mmol magnesium given during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7212225 TI - Cimetidine in elective Caesarean section. Effect on gastric acidity. AB - Aspiration pneumonitis, Mendelson's syndrome, continues to be an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in obstetric anaesthesia, despite widespread adoption of the practice of routine administration of alkalis. Histamine H2 receptor blocking drugs have been shown to reduce gastric secretion in non obstetric patients. Cimetidine was given intravenously to fasting patients before elective Caesarean section. In all 10 patients who received cimetidine 200 mg intravenously at 60--80 minutes before anaesthesia, the pH of gastric contents at the time of induction was above 2.5. When the interval between administration of the drug and induction of anaesthesia was only 30--40 minutes (six patients) or was over 90 minutes (20 patients) then the pH was raised to above this value in only two-thirds of patients. By contrast eight of 10 untreated patients were found to have a gastric pH of less than 2.5. No adverse effects of cimetidine were seen in mothers or infants. PMID- 7212228 TI - Adverse reactions to ketamine anaesthesia. Abolition by a psychological technique. AB - Ketamine, a phencyclidine derivative, has been used as a general anaesthetic since 1965. Numerous reports of adverse psychological reactions have caused diminished use of this drug. Many investigators have tried by pharmacological means to modify these reactions with limited success. In this study, a psychological strategy has resulted in the absence of any adverse psychological reactions and acceptance of ketamine anaesthesia by all patients. Additionally, all surgeons were satisfied with operating conditions. PMID- 7212230 TI - Brachial plexus palsy after anaesthesia in the sitting position. AB - Unusual case of brachial plexus palsy developed in a patient following general anaesthesia in the sitting position. Congenital skeletal anomalies together with severe bony degenerative changes surrounding the nerve roots probably precipitated the palsy. PMID- 7212226 TI - Pethidine, metoclopramide and the gastro-oesophageal sphincter. A study in healthy volunteers. AB - The effects of intramuscular pethidine (1.0--3.0 mg/kg) followed by metoclopramide 10 mg intravenously, and those of a combination of pethidine 1.5 mg/kg and metoclopramide 10 mg given intramuscularly, on the lower oesophageal sphinct pressure have been studied manometrically in human volunteers. In the former group, the mean effect of all the doses of pethidine was a reduction of the lower oesophageal barrier pressure by 6.8 cmH2O from control values (p less than 0.0002), while the intravenous administration of metoclopramide resulted in a mean increase in barrier pressure of 8.75 cmH2O above the depressed level (p less than 0.0001). Following the combination of pethidine and metoclopramide given intramuscularly depression of the sphincter pressure was not totally prevented, but there was a reduction in its incidence and severity. It is suggested that pethidine is likely to increase the possibility of gastro oesophageal reflux, and that metoclopramide is a useful adjunct in the prevention of reflux in preparation for, and after, surgery in patients who have been given pethidine for pain relief. PMID- 7212229 TI - Intensive care in England and Wales. A survey of current practice, training and attitudes. AB - A questionnaire circulated to members of the Intensive Care Society in England and Wales brought 101 replies, representing 74 hospitals, including 16 teaching hospitals. Anaesthesia is the dominant specialty in this field and the majority of general units included in this survey are staffed and directed by consultants from this specialty, though their involvement in such work varies widely. Only about half the units are largely supervised by consultants with a heavy commitment to it. The junior staff too are predominantly anaesthetists. Whilst the FFARCS examination strongly emphasises the importance of intensive care to the specialty, only about half the members believe present training in this field, including academic activity, is satisfactory. The dearth of full-time training posts, their brevity and their domination by the teaching hospitals are major problems. There is considerable support for the idea of National Training Standards, and for a full-time training period of not less than 2 years, including special experience in certain fields, for those with a special interest in and aptitude for this type of work. But there is much less support for a Diploma. Despite this agreement on special training, only a small minority of members believe intensive care work should largely be restricted to separate career specialists, "intensivists'. However most recognise the need for each unit to have a largely full-time manager and coordinator, whose personal qualities are more important than his original specialty. Most units have one kind of problem or another, the most common being a shortage of money and nurses. PMID- 7212227 TI - Halothane uptake and nitrous oxide concentration. Arterial halothane levels during Caesarean section. AB - The effect on halothane uptake of changing the nitrous oxide concentration during the first few minutes of a general anaesthetic for Caesarean section was investigated. In 10 mothers anaesthesia was maintained with halothane 0.4%, nitrous oxide 33% and oxygen 66%. In 10 others the sole difference in anaesthetic technique was that the ratio of nitrous oxide to oxygen was reversed for the first 3 minutes only. Serial maternal arterial blood samples showed a significant increase in halothane levels in the group where the nitrous oxide was increased, with p less than 0.02 at 1 and 2 minutes and p less than 0.05 at 3.4 and 5 minutes. After 5 minutes there was no significant difference between the two groups. Cord blood concentrations between the two groups were comparable. The difference in halothane levels is a demonstration of the influence of the concentration effect of nitrous oxide on the uptake of halothane, the second gas effect. The relevance of anaesthetic uptake to obstetric anaesthesia and awareness is discussed. PMID- 7212232 TI - A safety valve for pollution control systems. PMID- 7212231 TI - Ketamine for induction and intubation in Treacher-Collins syndrome. AB - A patient with the Treacher-Collins syndrome is described, in whom intubation of the trachea was achieved using ketamine as the sole anaesthetic agent. Intubation was aided by blind location of the glottis with a gum-elastic stylet. PMID- 7212233 TI - Amitriptyline and perphenazine (Triptafen DA) in chronic pain. AB - One-hundred and twenty patients with chronic pain, who had all failed to obtain relief with traditional medical treatment, were given a standard psychotropic drug mixture consisting of amitriptyline 25 mg and perphenazine 2 mg. Of those who completed 2 months of treatment, 33.68% were pain free, while 8.3% had unacceptable side-effects. The best results were obtained in patients with postherpetic neuralgia and postoperative scar pain. PMID- 7212234 TI - Ketamine on demand for postoperative analgesia. PMID- 7212235 TI - Postoperative pain prevention by continuous epidural infusion. PMID- 7212236 TI - Self-administered intravenous and intramuscular pethidine. PMID- 7212237 TI - Disappearance of the eye-lid reflex. PMID- 7212239 TI - Bilateral vocal cord paralysis. PMID- 7212238 TI - Anaesthesia for transurethral prostatectomy. PMID- 7212240 TI - Sedation and computer tomography. PMID- 7212242 TI - Cross infection from contaminated anaesthetic equipment. PMID- 7212241 TI - Towards safer anesthesia in sickle cell states. Transcutaneous oxygen measurement? PMID- 7212245 TI - [To the problem of the intervascular volume effect of intravenously administered sorbitol solution 40% (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212244 TI - The use of the fibre-optic bronchoscope for the passage of a double lumen tube. PMID- 7212243 TI - Use of an epidural cannula for a difficult intubation. PMID- 7212247 TI - [Intraoperative peridural opiate analgesia (author's transl)]. AB - Epidural injection of small doses of opiates causes a reduction of pain in the lower parts of the body. The use of epidural opiate-analgesia for surgical anesthesia, combined with controlled ventilation (oxygen-nitrous oxide), was investigated in 170 patients undergoing surgery, especially long lasting gynaecological operations. Haemodynamic monitoring demonstrated a constant cardiovascular situation, underlining the sufficiency of analgesia. Blood gas analyses for one hour after the operation revealed no signs of respiratory depression. The epidural opiate-analgesia outlasted the intraoperative period, covering even the postoperative phase. PMID- 7212249 TI - [Infusion model for etomidate (author's transl)]. AB - An intravenous infusion scheme was established in five healthy volunteers on the basis of pharmacokinetic analysis as described by J.G. Wagner. Concentrations of etomidate in plasma were measured by gas chromatography after solvent extraction. The monitoring of EEG background activity was used for the correlation to the pharmacodynamic effect. The minimal plasma level producing an hypnotic effect was about 0.3 microgram/ml) etomidate. An infusion model was developed for a therapeutic plasma concentration of 0.5 microgram/ml etomidate. An initial fast constant-rate infusion (8 mg/min) was followed by an infusion with 0.8 mg/min for the entire duration of the application. The measured plasma levels coincided fairly well with the predicted steady state plasma levels and were accompanied by a distinct hypnotic effect in all volunteers. PMID- 7212248 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of etomidate in man (author's transl)]. AB - The pharmacokinetic behaviour of etomidate was investigated in 7 patients. A method for the analysis of etomidate is described using gas-liquid chromatography for separation and alkali flame ionization detection. The lower limit of detection for etomidate in plasma was 0.005 microgram/ml. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of etomidate after an intravenous bolus injection of 20 mg may be described in terms of an open two-compartment model. The plasma half-life of etomidate was in the alpha-phase about 3 minutes, the biological half-life of the beta-phase was about 70 minutes. The total volume of distribution was calculated at 165 litres. The total plasma clearance amounted to 1600 ml/min. These pharmacokinetic data were used to establish an intravenous infusion scheme for etomidate. PMID- 7212246 TI - [The metabolism of halothane under the influence of thiopental, methohexital, etomidate, enflurane and disulfiram under clinical conditions (author's transl)]. AB - The biotransformation of halothane is supposed to be the cause of the rare "halothane-hepatitis". Therefore an inhibition of the metabolism of Halothane is of some interest. We used bromide as a metabolite of Halothane and investigated the bromide level of the serum of patients after halothane anaesthesia by means of x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The induction of anaesthesia with Thiopental, Methohexital and Etomidate had no influence on the bromide level. Likewise the influence of Enflurane on the metabolism of Halothane was not significant. An effective inhibitor in man is Disulfiram. The authors assume, that further information about the toxicity of Halothane metabolites can be gained through further studies of drugs like Disulfiram. PMID- 7212250 TI - [Conclusions of the first-aid treatment of emergency patients from a prospective study of 106 lethal outcomes (author's transl)]. AB - To obtain an objective judgement on the efficiency of emergency help, 106 emergency patients who died during a six month period were subjected to an examination in which all aspects of their treatment, beginning at the scene of the emergency and lasting until their death were documented. It could be shown that 8.5% of the examined patients would have had a chance for survival if proper and optimal treatment had been given, despite the effects of their injuries. Only by improving knowledge of first-aid procedures can an increase in the efficiency of emergency measures be attained as will be proven in this paper. Intensive schooling is necessary not only for the layman and ambulance orderlies but for doctors who are to be employed in rescue work in particular. The present criteria (one-year clinical activity and competency are by no means sufficient as a foundation. PMID- 7212251 TI - [Infusion-controlled Tramal-anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports a new technique of balanced anaesthesia using a pump controlled 0.1% solution of Tramadol instead of the inhalation of halothane, enflurane or infusion of neuroleptanalgetic agents. Tramadol (Tramal) is a new analgetic drug without side effects: no postnarcotic respiratory depression, sickness or vomiting do not occur, and it does not interfere with the cardiovascular system. The other great advantage is the ultrashort recovery of the patient, mostly with 30-60 s, even after long lasting surgical procedures over several hours. The author has been convinced for more than 15 years that the future of anaesthesia no longer lies in the inhalation of chloroformoids, but in the infusion of analgesic substances. His experience has shown that the analgesic drug Tramadol, which has practically no side-effects, is a considerable advance into this direction. Last but not least this also applies to the prompt post anaesthetic recovery and the absence of postoperative complications. This technique has been used in the last two years in 7500 patients, So far we have not seen an contraindications to Tramadol infusion. On the contrary, the greater the risk, the more this form of anaesthesia was found to be indicated. PMID- 7212252 TI - [Electronic data processing in anaesthesia. Development of a data collection form and organisation of data collection (author's transl)]. AB - We report on the development of a data collection form for anaesthesia. The difference between this form and the previously published recommendations is that it does not require any coding of data prior to collection. The anaesthetist completing the form needs no knowledge of data processing. Qualitative data have only to be marked, while quantitative data must be entered as such. So far, more than 90,000 anaesthesias have been collected with the form presented, therefore usefulness may be assumed. PMID- 7212254 TI - The thiolesterase activity of sulfhydryl-activated enzymes. A new assay for thiol proteases based on activation by Sepharose-bound mercaptan. PMID- 7212253 TI - A method for analyzing the ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins on polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7212256 TI - Estimation of the size of collagenous polypeptides by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7212255 TI - Bacteriophage purification by gel chromatography. PMID- 7212257 TI - An improved method of microdialysis. PMID- 7212258 TI - Evaluation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity by multiple selected ion monitoring. PMID- 7212259 TI - A simple, rapid, manual peptide microsequencing procedure. PMID- 7212260 TI - A new, fast, and sensitive assay for NADH--ferredoxin oxidoreductase detection in clostridia. PMID- 7212261 TI - Radioimmunoassay for biopterin in body fluids and tissues. PMID- 7212262 TI - Conversion of the reactive sulfhydryl groups of proteins to the S-trifluoroethyl derivatives. Application to human hemoglobin. PMID- 7212263 TI - Detection of the amine derivative of misonidazole in human urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7212264 TI - Quantitative analysis of 6-hydroxymelatonin in human urine by gas chromatography- negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. PMID- 7212265 TI - Purification of an ammonium-inducible glutamate dehydrogenase and the use of its antigen affinity column-purified antibody in specific immunoprecipitation and immunoadsorption procedures. PMID- 7212266 TI - Radiochemical assay of long-chain fatty acids using 63Ni. PMID- 7212267 TI - Hydrogen--deuterium exchange study of amino acids and proteins by 200- to 230-nm spectroscopy. PMID- 7212268 TI - An assay for activity of arogenate dehydratase base upon the selective oxidation of arogenate. PMID- 7212270 TI - Affinity and stoichiometry of calcium binding by arsenazo III. PMID- 7212271 TI - A spectrophotometric method for the assay of phospholipase D activity. PMID- 7212269 TI - Comparative peptide mapping at the nanomole level. PMID- 7212273 TI - A nonlinear regression program for small computers. PMID- 7212275 TI - Strategies for determination of serum or plasma norepinephrine by reverse-phase liquid chromatography. PMID- 7212272 TI - In vivo studies of carnitine and fatty acid metabolism: problems with use of anesthetics. PMID- 7212274 TI - The method of crosslinking histones to DNA partly depurinated at neutral pH. PMID- 7212276 TI - Preconcentration of trace metals in environmental and biological samples by cation exchange resin filters for X-ray spectrometry. PMID- 7212277 TI - Analysis of a workplace air particulate sample by synchronous luminescence and room-temperature phosphorescence. PMID- 7212280 TI - Ultrastructural studies on differentiation of nerve cells in the human embryonic and fetal inferior ganglion of the vagus. AB - Inferior ganglia of the vagus nerve in human embryos and fetuses ranging in C.-R. length from 16 to 220 mm and in age from 7 to 23 weeks were studied by electron microscopy. During the investigated period of development 5 types of cells were distinguished, viz.: 1. primary (apolar) neuroblast, 2. early bipolar neuroblast, 3. intermediate bipolar neuroblast, 4. late bipolar neuroblast, and 5. unipolar neuroblast. The unipolar neuroblasts appear at the end of the embryonic period. In the 9th and 10th week of the fetal period the apolar and early bipolar neuroblasts disappear. In the 23rd week the neuronal cells of the vagus resemble those of adults. The maturation of neurons is associated with 1. structure of nuclear components, 2. cytoplasmic organization with special reference to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, 3. changes of cell shape and development of processes. PMID- 7212278 TI - Automated determination of mercury in urine and blood by the Magos reagent and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. PMID- 7212279 TI - [Preparation technique for SEM demonstration of the muscular system of the blood vessels and the granular juxtaglomerular cell complex in the kidney (author's transl)]. AB - A technique for SEM demonstration as well of the muscular architecture in the media of the blood vessels, as the granular juxtaglomerular cell complex in the wall of the afferent arterioles in the kidney is described. This method consists in an incomplete maceration and washing process in vascular cast preparations. PMID- 7212282 TI - Identification of the phrenic nucleus in the cat as studied by horseradish peroxidase bathing of the transected intrathoracal phrenic nerve. AB - Horseradish peroxidase bathing of the transected intrathoracal phrenic nerve was done to identify the exact distribution of neurons of the phrenic nucleus in the cat. Retrogradely labeled neurons were observed in the ipsilateral ventral horn from the lower one-fourth of the 4th to the lower end of the 6th cervical segment. In the 4th segment, labeled neurons were found at the medial part of the ventrolateral cell group. Caudalwards, the neurons shifted from lateral to ventromedial locations and, in the 6th segment, the neurons merged into the lateral part of the ventromedial cell group. PMID- 7212283 TI - The dorsal lumbar muscles of the cat. AB - Observations made in the present study of the dorsal lumbar muscles of the cat are at variance with descriptions in the available literature. The morphology of these muscles is described in detail, and a revised interpretation of this morphology is made. There are 5 muscles -- multifidus, intertransversarii mediales, lumbococcygeus, iliocostalis lumborum and longissimus lumborum. They are arranged in 5 parallel polysegmental columns and are covered by the dorsal layer of thoracolumbar fascia and the erector spinae aponeurosis. The multifidus consists of fibres connecting mamillary and spinous processes. From each mamillary process 4 sets of fasciculi arise. Each set has constant specific attachments. The intertransversarii mediales are fibres connecting accessory and mamillary process. 3 principal fasciculi arise from each accessory process and insert into particular mamillary processes at more caudal levels. The iliocostalis and longissimus arise from the ilium and from opposite surfaces of an intermuscular septum. The lumbococcygeus arises in the lumbar region from the accessory processes but inserts in the tail. Reasons for the revised nomenclature and interpretation are discussed. A specific definition of the longissimus lumborum and iliocostalis lumborum is made on the basis of their observed morphology and nerve supply. It is argued that the lumbococcygeus should be considered as the lumbar portion of sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis rather than part of a common muscle mass. PMID- 7212281 TI - A metrical study of laryngeal cartilages and their ossification. AB - This study was carried out on the laryngeal cartilages of 150 postmortem/dissection room specimens of adult age groups, ranging from 16 to 55 years in both the sexes. The age, height, sex and profession (in known postmortem cases) were noted. Various measurements of the laryngeal cartilages were taken from the inner surface. From the present study we can conclude that the various measurements in the laryngeal cartilages were more marked in male than the female except of the thyroid angle and the length of the superior horn. The thyroid angle on an average in male was 78 degrees +/- 10 degrees and in female 106 degrees +/- 14 degrees. There was no correlation with total body height. The presence of cuneiform cartilage, cartilago-triticea and corniculate cartilage is not constant, they were seen more commonly in females than in males. PMID- 7212284 TI - [Allometry and the original and modified Janoschek growth function. (author's transl)]. AB - After a summary of the author's work on the allometry principle with regard to the original and generalized Bertalanffy and Gompertz functions of organic growth attention is drawn to the analogous topic concerning the Janoschek growth function. At first the Janoschek function is resettled a little as to fit also for starting growth with values unequal to zero. After giving the main characteristics illustrated by graphs the allometric principle is applied to the growth function enforcing a repetition of all derivations due to the changed structure against the growth function proper. Secondly, the increase ansatz is changed with integration now leading to curves of finite growth time. Examples for allometry are added taking up values of recent investigations thus allowing for comparison. Finally an approximation method for the calculation of the inflexion points rounds up the paper. PMID- 7212285 TI - [Aminoacetonitrile and fetogenesis of the rat. II. Malformations of organ systems (author's transl)]. AB - We investigated the action of the lathyrogenic compound aminoacetonitrile (300 mg/kg body weight) on fetogenesis of the Wistar rat. In a 1st section we dealt with influence on the outer body shape and common reproductive parameters (WENDLER and coworkers 1980). This 2nd section describes toxic effects on internal organs and malformations on organ systems detected by free-hand razor blade technique. Especially, we observed cardial ectopia, rupture of the ascendant aorta, situs inversus, hydrocephalia, hydronephroses, and dystopic kidneys. Enlargement of heart atria, and main thoracic veins, dilatations of salivary gland ducts and bronchial tree are considered to be nonspecific toxic effects of aminoacetonitrile. PMID- 7212286 TI - [Sex dimorphism of adrenal cortex of the Syrian golden hamster following gonadectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Earlier studies showed a sex dimorphism of the adrenal cortex of the hamster developing during puberty. Morphologically, this is most evident in the zone reticularis. The male has larger reticular cells than the female, 60 pairs of siblings were castrated around the 10th day of life; 6 males and females were sacrificed at weekly intervals between the 3rd and 12th week of life. 60 pairs of uncastrated siblings served as control. Till the 10th week of life the body and adrenal weight of the castrated males agree with those of the castrated females. From the 11th week onwards the males have the higher body and adrenal weight. Neither histometrically nor histologically there are differences in the adrenal structure of the 2 castrated sexes. Both groups have small reticular cells. Compared to the uncastrated animal the male castrated hamster has a higher body and a lower adrenal weight, whereas the female castrate shows no significant difference in comparison with the non-castrate of the same age and sex. Thus, the adrenal cortex of the Syrian golden hamster is stimulated by androgen hormone. This result is contrary to the rat adrenal, where changes, caused by gonadectomy, are found in the female, and the female adrenal is stimulated by estrogen. PMID- 7212287 TI - Steroid-induced ultrastructural changes in the proximal convoluted tubule cells of baboon kidneys with special reference to peroxisomes. AB - An electron microscopic study was performed on kidneys of immature female baboons, Papio hamadryas, that received a series of 10 consecutive weekly injections of the synthetic glucocorticoid, Triamcinolone hexacetonide (4 mg/kg body wt). In the steroid-treated kidneys the most distinctive change found is a significant increase in the number and a marked change in the form of peroxisomes (microbodies) in proximal convoluted tubule cells. These cells also develop hypertrophic mitochondria and in some instances mitochondrial hyperplasia is present to such a degree as to lead to the formation of "oxyphil-like" mitochondrion-rich cells, containing degenerating nuclei. Many proximal cells also develop large secondary lysosomes packed with fibrous contents. Our results indicate a morphological response in proximal tubule cells caused by the corticosteroid-treatment, though the responses seen may possibly be also due to the development of a secondary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7212288 TI - Fine structure of a freshwater teleost (Pimelodus maculatus) hepatocytes revealed by ultrathin sections. AB - The hepatocytes of Pimelodus maculatus studied in thin sections revealed: 1. 3 physiological surfaces: a) in content with the Disse's space; b) in contact with neighboring hepatocytes; and c) showing grooves that delimit bile canaliculi; 2. bile canaliculi presenting, sometimes, intracellular diverticula; 3. junctional complexes joining hepatocytes close to the bile canaliculi; 4. gap junctions in great number; 5. a characteristic feature of the RER; 6. a commonly close relationship between mitochondria and RER; 7. Golgi complexes near the bile canaliculi and in the perinuclear area; 8. smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, glycogen and lipids in small amounts. PMID- 7212289 TI - [Organogensis of the human extensor digitorum longus and the peroneus tertius evaluated from the viewpoint of evolutionary myology]. AB - Our present knowledge on the organogenetic development of the upper muscles is rather general and incomplete and that concerning m. peroneus tertius even contradictory. The author has studied in advance the variability of the above mentioned muscles in 277 human inferior limbs and in 62 pelvic limbs of 19 species of non-human Primates. In this way he has received precise indications for an organogenetic study of m. extensor digitorum longus and of m. peroneus tertius, which gives a possibility for the stages of this development to be determined. These stages are studied in the present work of complete series of cross sections of the corresponding parts of inferior limbs of 34 human embryos and fetuses from 12 to 67,5 mm C. R. L. coloured for an histological investigation. PMID- 7212290 TI - Studies on orthocephalization. IV. Differential growth of the sphenooccipital synchondosis in the rat. AB - The growth of the bone ends articulating through the sphenooccipital synchondrosis in the rat occurs differentially. Considerably more bone is during growth formed in the pharyngeal part of the anterior end of the basioccipital bone than in the cerebral part. The same conditions hold good for the posterior end of the basisphenoid bone, although to a less degree. These conclusions have been reached by studying the distribution of alkaline phosphatase reaction in the perichondrium covering the sphenooccipital synchondrosis. Extension of reaction to this enzyme in perichondria has previously been shown to be a measure of growth rate. Sections of the sphenooccipital synchondrosis from 10 rats 10 days ago, incubated for reactions to alkaline phosphatase have formed the basis of the study. Quantitative expressions of the extension of enzymatic reaction have been collected. Statistical treatment of these data have resulted in the above mentioned conclusions. PMID- 7212291 TI - Presynaptic bodies of auditory hair cells in Old World monkeys. AB - Presynaptic bodies of auditory hair cells of Old World monkeys are separately differentiated in inner, as contrasted with outer, hair cells. The pre-synaptic bodies of outer cells are spherical and of variable electron density, and are thus similar to those of the labyrinth of vertebrates from fish to man. The difficulty in finding them, as compared with the relative ease of finding the presynaptic bodies of inner hair cells, suggests either that they are not present in all outer hair cells or that they undergo a regression-reconstitution cycle. The presynaptic bodies of simian inner hair cells are almost always ring-shaped. The few exceptions reinforce the impression of a later evolutionary development of the inner hair cell system. In any event, our findings serve to reemphasize the remarkable differentiation of outer and inner hair cell systems, and to deepen the mystery of their separate role in audition. PMID- 7212292 TI - Myelinated fibers of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve at the wrist in bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) and some of its branches to the hand. AB - In order to estimate the peripheral nervous correlates concerning the motor performance of the hand, the myelinated fibers of the deep ulnar nerve and some of its branches to the intrinsic muscles of the monkey (Macaca radiata) hand have been enumerated and their caliber spectra plotted. The content of the myelinated sensory fibers in the deep ulnar nerve was found to be 70% of the total. This high figure is attributable to the fact that 25-50% of the myelinated fibers in the deep ulnar nerve are destined to innervate the joints of the hand. Approximately 50% of the myelinated fibers in nerves to the intrinsic muscles of the hand were sensory. PMID- 7212293 TI - Necrotic extrafusal muscle fibers of the dystrophic mutant mouse: the ultrastructure of the myoneural junction. AB - At 28 days postpartum, the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the dy2J mutant mouse contains a population of myofibers which exhibit coagulation necrosis for approximately 90% of their length. Using the electron microscope, motor endplates were found on more than half of the necrotic fibers studied, occurring in mildly, moderately, and severely necrotic regions of these fibers. The ultrastructural features of the axonal terminals did not vary with the condition of the fiber segment at which the endplate occurred. No morphological criteria could be established for distinguishing between the axonal terminals of necrotic fibers and those of "healthy" fibers in the dystrophic animal. The principle morphological changes at motor endplates of necrotic fibers involved not the axonal terminal, but the muscle fiber itself. This study demonstrates that the necrotic myofibers, which are present at the onset of the first clinical symptoms of murine dystrophy, are innervated. Therefore, necrosis is not precipitated by structural denervation. Furthermore, observations of motor endplates on mildly, moderately, and severely necrotic regions of the myofibers indicate that regional changes along the necrotic fiber's length are not a function of distance from the motor endplate. PMID- 7212294 TI - The occurrence of an unusual tubular organelle in surface epithelial cells of the mouse ascending colon after injection of diazo-oxo-norleucine. AB - Tubular structures were observed in surface epithelial cells of mice that had been injected with high dosages of diazo-oxo-norleucine (DON), a glutamine antagonist. The tubules often occurred in bundles which contained a variable number of tubules, often as many as one hundred being present. Within the bundles, the tubules were oriented either randomly or parallel to one another. They measured 25 to 35 nm in diameter with angular or circular profiles and were as long as 1 to 2 micron. In the center of each tubule, a small tubule-like component was evident that measured 5 to 7 nm in diameter. With the exception of endoplasmic reticulum, often with attached ribosomes, organelles were excluded from the bundles. Since the tubules and the endoplasmic reticulum occasionally were observed to be continuous, it is suggested that the tubules may originate from this organelle. PMID- 7212295 TI - Accumulation of CPC-precipitable material at apical cell surfaces during formation of the optic cup. AB - Accumulation of extracellular material at the apical surfaces of cells in the optic vesicle was studied by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and scanning electron microscopy. Treatment at low salt concentration to preserve all precipitable material indicated an initial appearance of surface material at the tme that the retinal primordium first formed. The amount of precipitate increased as the optic cup formed, particularly at the margins of the cup. Stability of the precipitate during subsequent washing at higher salt concentrations suggested that the apical cell surface material contained highly acidic glycosaminoglycans. The greatest resistance to extraction occurred during the period in which invagination was most pronounced. PMID- 7212296 TI - Muscle sarcomere length following passive jaw opening in the rabbit. AB - Sarcomere lengths were measured microscopically in formalin-fixed jaw muscles of 14 rabbits divided into two groups; jaw open, and jaw closed. The measurements were compared by means of a nested analysis of variance. The sarcomeres of the jaw open group were longer in the masseter and temporalis muscles (jaw elevators) and shorter in the digastric muscle (jaw depressor) than were those of the jaw closed group. In the jaw closed position, sarcomeres in the deep portion of the masseter muscle become markedly shorter than those in the superficial part of the muscle. The values for sarcomere length in the masseter muscle of the jaw open group and the digastric of the jaw closed group are near the top of the ascending limb of isometric length-tension relation for the rabbit digastric muscle. PMID- 7212297 TI - The ultrastructure of oral (buccopharyngeal) membrane formation and rupture in the chick embryo. AB - The ultrastructure of the oral (buccopharyngeal) membrane was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from its initial formation (stage 8) to its complete disappearance (stage 20) in the chick embryo. Thinning of the oral membrane prior to rupture occurs in large measure by increased interdigitation between cells of the stomodeal ectoderm and foregut endoderm coincident with a decrease in the width of the intervening extracellular space. Large numbers of necrotic cells were not observed. Interdigitation of ectodermal and endodermal cells makes it increasingly difficult to discern two discrete epithelia, and no evidence that one germ layer disappears prior to the other was observed. Changes occurred in the fine structure of the extracellular matrix during formation and rupture of the oral membrane, and the organization of this material within the oral membrane differed from that in regions immediately lateral to it. Copious amounts of amorphous, flocculant ("lamina-like") material are present within the oral membrane at all stages. The basal lamina of the ectoderm exhibits small loops or folds at early stages. These decrease in number as the basal lamina becomes discontinuous prior to establishment of direct intercellular contact between cells of the ectoderm and endoderm across the intervening extracellular compartment. Initial perforations of the oral membrane are preceded by clefts between cells on both sides of this structure, and SEM observations suggest that cells of the oral membrane continue to interdigitate, elongate, and change relative positions during the rupture process. PMID- 7212298 TI - Changes in intramembranous particle distribution in the plasma membrane of Didelphis virginiana spermatozoa during maturation in the epididymis. AB - Structural specializations in the plasma membrane of opossum spermatozoa obtained from different levels of the epididymis have been analyzed in thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas. The maturation process was accompanied by a redistribution of intramembranous particles in the flagellar midpiece region. Caput epididymal spermatozoa are immotile, and freeze-fracture replicas of the midpiece plasma membrane reveal a random arrangement of intramembranous particles. As spermatozoa transit the corpus epididymis, the intramembranous particles in the midpiece plasma membrane are redistributed from a random arrangement to an organized packing pattern. This redistribution apparently involves the formation of chains of intramembranous particles which gradually increase in length, orient parallel to the flagellar long axis, and ultimately form numerous parallel rows, each three to five particles wide. In cauda epididymal spermatozoa the intramembranous particles within the rows are packed in an organized manner, and few free intramembranous particles are noted between rows. Analysis of thin sections revealed that the reorganization of intramembranous particles is accompanied by the deposition of a mat of amorphous material at the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. No striking changes in intramembranous particle distribution during epididymal maturation were found in other flagellar segments or in the plasma membrane overlying the sperm head. PMID- 7212299 TI - Proliferation of epithelial cells in the adult primate choroid plexus. AB - An adult rhesus monkey was injected intraperitoneally with [H3] thymidine (2.3 microCi/gram body weight) and perfused 90 minutes later with a mixture of aldehydes. One and a half micrometer plastic sections were then cut and dipped into liquid emulsion for radioautography. Labeled cells were observed in the choroid plexus of the anterior lateral ventricle; cell identification was evaluated using electron micrographs taken from serial thin sections of re embedded. radioautographic 1.5-micron sections. The ultrastructure and location of both mitotic figures and labeled cells confirmed the presence of undifferentiated basal choroid plexus epithelial cells in the adult primate central nervous system. PMID- 7212301 TI - A freeze-fracture study of the anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi muscle of the chicken. AB - The sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and T system of the anterior (tonic) and posterior (fast twitch) latissimus dorsi muscles of the chicken have been examined by the freeze-fracture technique, and quantitative data on the P and E fracture faces have been obtained. The fractured plasma membranes reveal (a) profiles of surface caveolae, (b) randomly distributed intramembranous particles ranging in size from 40-100 A in diameter, and (c) orthogonal assemblies composed of groups of 60 A particles in close association, and differences with respect to all three structures are present between the tonic (ALD) and fast twitch (PLD) muscles. In the ALD muscle, the surface caveolae are more uniformly distributed and have smaller openings than in the PLD muscle; the former muscle also has a two-fold higher caveolae density than the latter muscle. The intramembranous particles are more numerous in the ALD than in the PLD muscle in both fracture faces, but the orthogonal assemblies are fewer. The functional significance of these differences in the two fiber types are discussed. The fractured membranes of the SR have intramembranous particles (IMPs) approximately 80 A in diameter, with a two-fold higher packing density in the PLD than in the ALD muscle. This difference is present in both the longitudinal and cisternal components of the SR. In addition, there are collar-like expansions (CLE's) in the SR of the ALD muscle which are particularly poor in intramembranous particles. These particles are considered to represent Ca2+ transport ATP-ase, and the reduced density of IMP's could be a significant factor in the low calcium uptake and and slow relaxation characteristics of the ALD muscle. PMID- 7212300 TI - Ultrastructure of the chondrocytes and extracellular matrix of the swarm rat chondrosarcoma. AB - The Swarm chondrosarcoma, a transplantable tumor maintained in rats, has a structure similar to hyaline cartilage. The extracellular matrix contains narrow, banded collagen fibrils and proteoglycan matrix granules. The cells are filled with organelles typically involved in synthesis and secretion, including an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisternae, a large Golgi apparatus dispersed throughout the cell, and secretory vacuoles which fill directly from Golgi saccules. There is only one class of secretory vacuoles, suggesting that the secretory products, collagen and proteoglycan, are packaged and secreted together. The cells also contain unusual endoplasmic reticulum, many coated vesicles and multivesicular bodies, and abnormal mitochondria. The large amount of tissue available from the tumor, and its characterization biochemically (Choi et al., '71; Oegema et al., '75) and morphologically as cartilage, make the tumor valuable as a model tissue for studies of synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix materials. PMID- 7212302 TI - Characterization of endosteal bone-lining cells from fatty marrow bone sites in adult beagles. AB - Bone-lining cells cover the majority of trabecular bone surfaces in adult long lived mammals. The morphology, ultrastructure, and population density of bone lining cells was investigated in several fatty marrow trabecular bone sites in adult beagles of different ages. Although there is a low population density of bone-lining cells on bone surfaces, their total numbers greatly exceed the numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts found on these bone surfaces. In one of the bone sites studied, there are significantly fewer bone-lining cells in very old beagles (12-16 years old) when compared to young adult beagles (1.5-3 years old), otherwise there are no differences in the cell population that could be attributed to aging. Bone-lining cells are flattened against bone surfaces and have flat or sometimes ovoid-shaped nuclei which are often located adjacent to areas in the fatty marrow where capillaries are found. When viewed in the electron microscope, bone-lining cells contain few organelles, and the attenuated cytoplasm of these cells is well extended over bone surfaces. The bone-lining cell cytoplasm does not appear to form a continuous layer over the bone surface, as numerous gaps and spaces are seen. Bone-lining cell processes are frequently joined by junctions morphologically similar to gap junctions. Between the lamina limitans of the bone matrix and the bone-lining cell, as well as between the bone lining cell and the adjacent fat cells, there are layers of connective tissue containing collagenous fibers and other amorphous material. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible role of bone-lining cells in the regulation of mineral homeostasis. PMID- 7212303 TI - Distribution of iron in the gastrointestinal tract of the common vampire bat: evidence for macrophage-linked iron clearance. AB - Iron in the tissues of the digestive tract of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) has been studied using histochemical, electron microscopic, and autoradiographic methods. This animal is an obligate sanguivore and has a daily intake of dietary iron 800 times that of man. The amount and distribution of tissue iron is not affected by either a single blood meal or starvation but does reflect the degree of siderosis of each animal's liver and spleen. By 7 days after the injection of a trace amount of 55Fe into the peritoneal cavity, labelled siderotic macrophages are present both on the serosa and within the walls of the stomach and intestine. In the lower intestine, such cells can be derived from the germinal centers of Peyer's patches. Siderotic macrophages are often situated in the lamina propria under areas of siderotic epithelium. Label is also present in the apical cytoplasm of mucosal epithelial cells, a region of abundant siderosomes. The ultrastructure of these organelles is extremely variable. Accumulations of membranous whorls and stacks, "stippled bodies," ferritin molecules, and larger "ferruginous" complexes are bounded by one or a number of membranes. Iron is excreted when these epithelial cells are desquamated into the gut lumen. Similar Prussian blue-positive granules are present in the feces. Unlike other glandular cells, the parietal cells of the fundic caecum are siderotic. Their cytoplasm contains abundant siderosomes and ferritin with accumulations of amembranous ferritin bodies in the intracellular canalicular spaces. Prussian blue-positive granules are present in the lumens of fundic glands. PMID- 7212304 TI - Heterogeneity of tight junction morphology in extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary airways of the rat. AB - In the present study morphology of tight junctions was related to the various cell types lining extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary airways of the rat. Freeze fracture replicas were prepared from extrapulmonary airway epithelium derived from the cartilagenous and membranous sides of upper, middle, and lower thirds of the trachea. Intrapulmonary airway epithelium was obtained from airways less than 1 mm in diameter. Tight junction fibrils on the P fracture face were organized into three types of patterns. Type 1: parallel sparsely interconnected lumenal fibrils with large ablumenal fibril loops. Type 2: richly interconnected lumenal fibrils with large ablumenal fibril loops. Type 3: narrow network of interconnected fibrils. On the E fracture face complementary grooves were organized in a similar pattern. Ciliated cells on both sides and all levels of the trachea were associated with type 1 junctions. In intrapulmonary airways, however, the junctional pattern of ciliated cells changed to type 2. Brush cells at all levels of the airways were bounded by type 2 and occasionally by type 1 junctions. Secretory cell junctions displayed the following patterns: Mucous cells were bounded solely by type 3, serous cells by either types 2 or 3, and Clara cells predominantly by type 2. Cells tentatively identified as intermediate cells displayed all three junctional patterns. The number of parallel fibrils comprising tight junctions was higher in extrapulmonary as compared to intrapulmonary airways. No difference was seen in the various locations sampled in the trachea. Gap junctions were observed between secretory cells of extrapulmonary but not intrapulmonary airways. These observations are discussed in relation to current physiologic data. PMID- 7212305 TI - Effects of orchidectomy on the adrenal macrophage system. AB - Macrophages of the adrenal cortex were studied in normal and orchidectomized rats. In normal rats, few macrophages with numerous cytoplasmic granules were observed, mainly in the zona reticularis. Granules were limited by a single membrane and contained either a finely granular dense matrix or heterogeneous materials made up of electron-lucent parts, dark granular and membranous areas. An aminotriazole-resistant peroxidatic activity was confined to the dense granules. In orchidectomized rats, the number of macrophages was markedly increased, and the cells were concentrated at the border between the zonae fasciculata and reticularis and disseminated throughout the zona reticularis. Lysosomes were more numerous in each macrophage, and those of heterogeneous matrix were larger and their contents were more complex than in normal rats. These results show that orchidectomy stimulates the adrenal macrophage system. PMID- 7212306 TI - Differential changes in cartilage cell proliferation and cell density in the rat craniofacial complex during secondary palate development. AB - During mammalian secondary palate formation sagittal growth of the lower face has been shown to be more rapid than that of the upper face, and the tongue and mandible extend beneath the primary palate. In order to identify factors contributing to this differential growth pattern, cellular and morphologic growth of the major cartilages of the upper and lower facial regions were studied in radioautographic sections labeled with tritiated thymidine. Evaluation of cell density recordings, labeling indices, and structural dimensions revealed significant differences between Meckel's cartilage in the lower face, and the nasal cartilage and anterior cranial base cartilage in the upper face. After formation of the precartilaginous blastema, labeling indices were high in Meckel's cartilage (20-30%), but very low in the nasal cartilage and the anterior cranial base (0-2%). During secondary palate formation the volume of Meckel's cartilage increased more rapidly than the other cartilages and its growth was primarily in the sagittal direction. Between days 15 and 17, the increase in the length of Meckel's cartilage (165%) was approximately twice as great as the increase in the combined length of the nasal cartilage and the anterior cranial base (77%). During this period induction of cleft palate with some teratogens has been shown to severely retard growth of Meckel's cartilage and produce mandibular retrognathia that contributes to delayed elevation of the palatal shelves. Therefore, extensive cell proliferation in Meckel's cartilage, during a period of limited proliferation in other craniofacial cartilages, appears to contribute to its rapid growth and its differential sensitivity to growth inhibition. PMID- 7212307 TI - Secondary palatal development in the New Zealand white rabbit: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Examination of surface topography in prefusion stages of secondary palatal development in rabbit embryos reveals a sequence of alterations in the surface cells of the epithelium along the medial margins of the palatal processes. A progressive increase in cellular protrusions resembling lamellipodia and filopodia, as well as cellular necrosis, is observed in those areas that undergo fusion. The changes precede fusion and are restricted to fusion sites. Prior to and at the time of epithelial contact between palatal processes, many long slender cellular protrusions are seen bridging the gap between the approximating tissues. The localization of the epithelial alterations and the appearance of similar cellular morphology in other embryonic epithelial fusion events strongly suggest: either an active role of the epithelial cells in the fusion of the secondary palate, or some common fundamental biochemical events that may facilitate or are responsible for the initial adhesion of such tissues. PMID- 7212308 TI - Connective tissue arrangement in respiratory airways. AB - Connective tissue provides dynamic stability to the architecture and mechanical function of the lungs. This study examines the parenchymal connective tissue components of the alveolar ducts, their associated respiratory bronchioles and respective alveoli. Thick sections 100 mu and 200 mu, and serial sections at 8 mu of lungs of different ages were examined histologically after fixation in distention. The varying proportions and spatial architecture of the collagen and elastic fibers and the packing and spatial interrelationships of alveoli were studied using graphic serial reconstruction. Alveolar mouth typically have a polygonal configuration as they arise from the airways. Denser connective tissue passes through the polygonal array and forms a helix encircling the airway. Polygonal packing of alveolar mouths provides a mechanically stable ductular structure with conservation of materials. A helical modification of the polygonal arrangement permits reversible changes in linear and circumferential airway dimensions. PMID- 7212310 TI - Freeze-fracture study of rat ventral prostate: secretory mechanisms in the epithelial cell. AB - Membrane events during apocrine and merocrine secretion of rat ventral prostate epithelial cells were analyzed by freeze-fracture. Early morphological manifestation of both secretory modes involves focal clearance of microvilli characterized by their progressive inclination and attenuation over the apical membrane. Merocrine secretion includes invasion of the apical microfilament web by the secretory vesicle and clearance of membrane particles at the site of its interaction with the apical plasmalemma. During apocrine secretion, a portion of the plasma membrane cleared of microvilli projects into the lumen. Growth of this projection is accompanied by a progressive, but partial, clearing of membrane particles and results in the formation of a large bleb containing dilated endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. Completion of the process involves "degeneration" of the bleb and its release by constriction of a neck, and possibly, fusion of vesicular or tubular structures. Swelling and blebbing of microvilli are shown to be preparation artifacts. PMID- 7212309 TI - A simultaneous comparison of the cells of blood, renal hilar and thoracic duct lymph in the dog. AB - A simultaneous morphological and quantitative profile was obtained of the cells of blood, thoracic duct, and renal hilar lymph in the dog. Monolayer cytocentrifuged preparations were used to determine the number, type, and size of cells in the three compartments. The cell count of renal lymph was not related to that of blood or thoracic duct lymph. There was a greater percentage of lymphoid cells in the afferent lymph than could be accounted for by the random movement of cells from the blood to the lymph. Thus, there appeared to be a selective transit of cells from blood to lymph. Monocytes and neutrophils were largely absent from the thoracic duct lymph; however, eosinophils were present. Cells were observed in hilar lymph that were characteristic of cells subjected to antigenic stimulation. It was concluded that lymphocytes have a preferential pathway from blood to lymphatic and in the course of this pathway they undergo a change which is consistent with an active immunological role. PMID- 7212311 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of an elastic fiber network which forms the internal elastic lamina in canine saphenous vein. AB - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the arrangement of elastic fibers in the canine saphenous vein as the basis for further studies of veins used in by-pass grafting operations. The elastic fiber arrangement in distended and non-distended veins was examined in both immersion-fixed and perfusion-fixed vessels. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of the SEM samples confirmed the identity of these fibrillar structures as elastic fibers. In addition, specific stains for elastic fibers (Verhoeff's iron hematoxylin and orcein) were used. The elastic fibers forming the internal elastic lamina were arranged in a fishnet-like pattern. Large-diameter fibers, running longitudinally along the vascular wall, were interconnected by smaller oblique fibers. Together the fibers formed an elastic cylindrical network between the endothelium and the smooth muscle cells. The thicker longitudinal fibers were the same diameter in distended and non-distended veins. By contrast, the oblique fibers were thinner and more complexly branched in distended veins. The architecture of the elastic fiber network contributes to vascular flexibility and allows circumferential distension. The interconnecting oblique fibers presumably serve to distribute internal pressure equally around the venous wall. PMID- 7212312 TI - Fine structure of the rostral pars distalis of the adenohypophysis of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, in fresh and salt water. AB - A fine structural study has confirmed earlier light microscopic observations indicating that prolactin cells are the only endocrine cells present in the main body of the rostral pars distalis of the adenohypophysis of Fundulus heteroclitus, a killifish common in New England coastal waters. Some ACTH cells occurred in thin plaques applied to the neurohypophysial trunk in the posterior part of the region. In freshwater-adapted specimens the volume occupied by the prolactin cell mass was larger than in saltwater-adapted specimens and contained larger prolactin cells. A paucity of contact specializations between the parenchymal cells may facilitate their spatial rearrangement as the prolactin cell population varies with changes in ambient salinity. Many fine neurohypophysial processes penetrated deeply into the rostral pars distalis and contained Type B (aminergic) nerve fibers believed to modulate prolactin secretion. These fibers ended mainly on the basement membrane that separates the neurohypophysial processes from the parenchyma. Synaptic contacts on prolactin cells were not observed but no prolactin cell appeared to be more than five cell widths from such a nerve terminal. The results emphasize the usefulness of the rostral pars distalis of this easily obtained and maintained teleost for studies of prolactin cell function. PMID- 7212313 TI - Ontogeny of the pituitary-thyroid system in fetal rats: observations on the fetal thyroid after maternal treatment with goitrogen. AB - The critical time of onset of the reciprocal relationship between the pituitary and the thyroid in fetal rats was assessed by the appearance of goiters in fetuses after maternal treatment with goitrogen, propylthiouracil (PTU), on various days of gestation. The assessment was based on changes in the weight and histology of the fetal thyroids. The day following overnight mating was regarded as day 1 of gestation. Pregnant rats were treated with 40 mg PTU each day for two days and autopsied on the third day. The various experimental periods were days 16--18, 17--19, 18--20, 19--21, and 20--22. PTU given to pregnant rats on days 16 and 17 did not cause any change in the fetal thyroids. PTU given on days 17 and 18 caused only a slight increase of fetal "thyroid weight/body weight" ratio. In all other experimental periods (days 18--20, 19--21, and 20--22), PTU induced conspicuous goiters in fetuses, which was reflected by an increased weight of thyroids, an increased height of follicular cells, and a decreased amount of colloid stored in follicles. The results suggest that in fetal rats, the reciprocal relationship between the pituitary and the thyroid is established on approximately days 19--20 of gestation. PMID- 7212314 TI - Fine morphological characteristics and microtopography of the free nerve endings of the human digital skin. AB - Blocks of osmium-fixed human digital skin, representing a total area of 5 sq mm, were cut serially parallel to the skin surface starting with the epidermis for electron microscopical studies. At intervals, single 1-mu sections were taken and used for recording the microtopography of the receptor organs at various levels. Graphic reconstructions of 28 nerve endings were made. It was found that the digital skin accommodated up to 80 dermal papillae and three to four sweat duct orifices per square millimeter. Each papilla contained one to three fenestrated capillary loops. More than 60% of all papillae contained free nerve endings, sometimes up to five in a single papilla. As a result, up to 100 free nerve endings were counted per square millimeter. Intraepidermal endings were also present, one to five per square millimeter. No endings of any kind were found within the boundary zones between the papillary ridges and in the immediate vicinity of the sweat ducts. The origin of a free ending was marked by the perikaryon of a modified Schwann cell, which constituted the terminal cell of the Schwann sheath. The perikaryon was situated at the base of the dermal papilla, while its distal process provided the cytoplasmic sheath to the axon terminals and their branches. Sometimes two endings merged into a single receptor organ. The terminal Schwann cell frequently served as a rallying point of endings. Three morphological kinds of free endings were observed: open endings, beaded endings, and plain endings. The intraepidermal endings were the derivatives of the plain endings. The free endings in the digital skin had essentially vertical distribution. Each ending covered a minute surface area of skin in a punctate pattern. This is in contrast to the mode of distribution of the free (penicillate) endings of the human hairy skin. Each penicillus covers a large horizontal skin area and overlaps that of their neighbors. PMID- 7212315 TI - The sensory innervation of primate eyelid. AB - The skin of primate eyelid contains three distinctive sensory nerve terminals. Small down hairs have a collar of lanceolate terminals that are formed by ramifications of the six to eight myelinated afferent fibers. Extensions of Schwann-cell cytoplasm form masses of cytoplasmic lamellae associated with these terminals. Every large hair or eyelash contains a large pilo-Ruffini as well as sparse lanceolate terminals. The eyelash Ruffini corpuscle resembles those of monkey facial guard hairs, sinus hairs, and joint capsules of the cat and pigeon. Sparse lanceolate terminals present between the Ruffini corpuscle and eyelash external root sheath resemble those of vellus hairs. On rare occasion Merkel cells are present in the hair follicle external root sheath above the sebaceous gland. Merkel touch spots, or Tastscheiben, are located between contiguous eyelashes as small rete pegs containing several Merkel cell-neurite complexes innervated by one or two myelinated afferent fibers. The function of this array of sensory terminals is presumed to represent an extensive mechanism of protection for the cornea and globe. On the basis of studies reported to date we can conclude that the Ruffini corpuscles (and related receptors) are the ubiquitous mechanoreceptors of cutaneous and musculoskeletal systems in birds as well as mammals. PMID- 7212316 TI - A histochemical and ultrastructural study of serotonin-containing nerves in cerebral blood vessels of the lamprey. AB - Lamprey, Entosphenus japonicus, cerebral blood vessel autonomic nerve supply was studied with fluorescence and cholinesterase histochemistry and electron microscopy. Nerve fibers emitting a yellow fluorescence characteristic of serotonin (Exc./Em. max.; 380/530 nm) were found on the major cerebral and pial arteries, but not acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive ones. Single ganglion cells also emitting a strong yellow fluorescence were seen in the artery adventitia. On rare occasions these cells were observed in pairs. Terminal varicosities of central catecholamine-containing nerves (Exc./Em. max.; 410/475 nm) were observed on parenchymal capillaries, but not central AChE-positive nerve terminals. In ganglion cells, dense cored vesicles (ca. 130 nm in average diameter; DCV) were abundant in the Golgi area, suggesting their formation at this site. Two types of DCV were observed; one with a homogeneous dense core and the other with a granular core. DCV were numerous in axons as well, axons in which many small clear vesicles (40--60 nm in diameter) as well as DCV were occasionally observed. The question of whether the small clear vesicles or the DCV contained serotonin could not be resolved. PMID- 7212318 TI - Orderly particle arrays on the mitochondrial outer membrane in rapidly-frozen sperm. AB - By deep-etching and rotary replication of unfixed, non-cryoprotected tissue frozen on a helium-cooled copper block, previously undemonstrable organellar surfaces and intramembranous structures can be examined. Among the more remarkable features of mammalian spermatozoa thus prepared are the highly ordered particulate arrays on the surface of the mitochondrial outer membrane. In the midpiece of the sperm, mitochondria curl around dense fibers and the axoneme. The surface of the mitochondrion that faces the plasmalemma carries closely packed rods in haphazard dispersement, composed of two to four 70-to 80-A particles, less than 20 A apart, while the concave aspect of the organelle contains rods in stepladder pattern. These ladders are parallel, with their particles in neighboring rungs apparently in register at a 40--45 degree angle relative to the mitochondrial axis. This organizational disparity between the convex and concave surfaces of the organelle not only affords evidence of a new mitochondrial substructure, but represents a type of topographical heterogeneity rarely found except within specialized areas of the plasma membrane. Other novel findings in the sperm cell include the observation of "lipid" tracts flanking intramembranous particle-strands in the plasmalemma of the cytoplasmic droplet, and a gridiron design on the cytoplasmic faces of the droplet's microcisternae, as well as both within and atop its plasma membrane--a motif consistent with the presence of exocytotic or endocytotic activity in this portion of the cell. Additional recent observations are the differing internal and external periodicities of axonemal microtubules and the subunit structure of rectangles on the tail surface overlying the intramembranous particles of the zipper. PMID- 7212317 TI - The ultrastructure of Ruffini and Herbst corpuscles in the articular capsule of domestic pigeon. AB - The present study identifies two types of sensory nerve endings in the articular capsule of the shoulder joint of domestic pigeons: Ruffini corpuscles (spray-like endings), and Herbst corpuscles. Ruffini corpuscles occur in the fibrous membrane of the articular capsule and consist of two to four branched cylindrical segments within a network of fascicles of collagen fibers. At the terminal ends of the cylinders the perineural sheaths of the capsule are deficient and surround the fascicles of collagen fibers. The axon terminals in each cylindrical segment of a Ruffini corpuscle repeatedly ramify, giving rise to delicate neurite profiles. These neurites and associated Schwann cells envelope small fascicles of collagen fibrils. Schwann cells cover only a part of the neurite profiles. The myelinated afferent axon enters the midregion of the cylinder and has a diameter of approximately 3 micrometer. Herbst corpuscles are situated in the subsynovial connective tissue and in the transition zone between the fibrous membrane and the muscular fascia. They appear as elongated ovals in longitudinal section and round in cross section. Small corpuscles measure approximately 5 micrometer x 200 micrometer in length and large ones approximately 100 micrometer x 600 micrometer. Each has a myelinated afferent axon (diameter 2.5--7.5 micrometer) that terminates in one to three inner cores. The inner core contains the nonmyelinated receptor portion of the nerve fiber surrounded by numerous cytoplasmic lamellae, a subcapsular connective tissue space, and a perineural capsule of eight to 12 layers. Avian joint receptors are similar to those present in the skin of various birds and Ruffini corpuscles resemble in fine structure equivalent receptors in joint corpuscles of the domestic cat. PMID- 7212319 TI - Histology of the canine urethra II. Morphometry of the male pelvic urethra. AB - Urinary bladders and pelvic urethrae were collected from six adult and two juvenile male dogs. Within two vesical and six urethral sampling regions, volume densities were estimated for smooth and striated muscle, connective tissue and elastic fibers, stratum cavernosum, luminal epithelium, and prostate. The neck had significantly less smooth muscle and more connective tissue than the body of the bladder. In the prostatic urethra, smooth muscle was associated principally with trabeculae surrounding prostate lobules. Smooth muscle was sparse superficially in the prostatic capsule and practically absent in relation to the mid-prostatic urethra. Thus there was no mechanism for active closure of the middle prostatic urethra, and elastic fiber density was correspondingly high in this region. The smooth muscle sphincter needed to maintain urinary continuence and prevent semen reflux was primarily the vesical neck. Caudal to the body of the prostate, striated muscle comprised more than 40% of the urethral wall. Juvenile and adult postprostatic urethrae were similar except for a decreased quantity of stratum cavernosum in the pups. PMID- 7212320 TI - Effects of immunization with Freund's complete adjuvant and isologous spermatozoa on the seminiferous epithelium and blood-testis barrier in guinea pigs. AB - In order to gain insight into the earliest pathological changes underlying the development of autoimmune aspermatogenic orchitis (AIAO) the blood-testis barrier was studied by light and electron microscopy, freeze-etching, and cytochemical techniques early (from 1 to 8 days after adjuvant treatment of isoimmunization). At later times (16 to 21 days) the study was carried out by light microscopy only. Adult male guinea pigs were used either as controls or immunized with Freund's complete adjuvant alone or together with pertussis vaccine. An additional group comprised animals immunized with a suspension of isologous spermatozoa emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant and with pertussis vaccine. Ultrastructural studies of the testes of experimental animals showed, at earlier periods, apparently normal Sertoli junctions. However, in the adluminal compartment, distended gaps were seen between the facing membranes of adjacent Sertoli cells. At later periods, a massive destruction of the germinal cells were observed. In freeze-fracture replicas, the Sertoli junctions of testes belonging to all the experimental groups were characterized by an irregular network of occasionally interrupted strands of particles associated with the P face (PF). Large concavities determined distensions between interconnecting ridges. The gap junctions were increased in number and in surface. Tracer studies using horseradish peroxidase showed that the marker permeated the myoid cells of a greater proportion of tubules than in control animals. Within the seminiferous epithelium there was only a limited passage of the marker towards the lumina of the tubules. Yet the tracer was always excluded from the adluminal compartment by the Sertoli tight junctions. Our observations suggest the possibility that the FCA causes a loosening of the Sertoli junctions. This condition could enhance exchanges between two antigenically different cellular compartments and, thus, favor occurrence of an autoimmune reaction when cytotoxic factors are experimentally induced, as in iso- or autoimmunization. PMID- 7212321 TI - Tridimensional study of the deep cortex of the rat lymph node. III. Morphology of the deep cortex units. AB - Recently we reported that the deep cortex of the rat lymph node is made up of semi-rounded "units," some of which are partially fused into "complexes." We further found that each unit is centered on the opening(s) of an afferent lymphatic vessel, the topographical organization of the deep cortex of a node correlating with the distribution pattern of the opening(s) of its afferent lymphatic(s). The present study aims to clarify the morphology of the deep cortex unit, particularly with regard to its reticular framework, its lymphatic sinuses, as well as its network of postcapillary venules. For that purpose, we analyzed rat nodes from various locations by way of tridimensional reconstruction. The observations revealed that each unit is formed of a "center" and a "periphery," distinguishable from one another on the basis of their morphological features. The center is nearly devoid of reticular fibers, whereas the periphery exhibits a dense framework of fibers. Moreover, the periphery is the site of concentration of most postcapillary venules of a unit and contains lymphatic sinuses which, peculiarly, are often loaded with small lymphocytes. While both regions are populated mainly by small lymphocytes, the periphery usually contains a lower concentration of these cells than the center. The overall findings support the view that the center is a site of cellular retention and proliferation, whereas the periphery is a site of rapid lymphocyte migration in and out of the unit. PMID- 7212322 TI - Tridimensional study of the deep cortex of the rat lymph node. IV. Differential labelling of the deep cortex units with 3H-uridine. AB - Using tridimensional reconstruction, it was recently found that the deep cortex of rat lymph nodes comprises one to several basic "units." Each unit is a semi rounded structure contiguous to the peripheral cortex and bulging into the medulla of a node. Other investigators reported that transfused lymphocytes, heavily labelled in vitro by 3H-uridine, became concentrated in an ill-defined region of nodes, referred to as the mid and deep cortex. This suggested to us that the in vivo labelling of nodes with 3H-uridine might allow to further characterize the units on a physiological basis. Therefore, rats were injected intravenously with a dose of 1--20 muCi of 3H-uridine/gm body weight and sacrificed 1 hour to 3 days later. The radioautographs of their nodes were exposed up to 535 days. The observations revealed that a large dose of 3H-uridine combined with a long exposure of the radioautographs yielded a differential labelling of the cell population of the units, characterized by a much more intense reaction than that of the surrounding structures. This demonstrated that the physiology of the lymphocyte population of the deep cortex units differs from the morphologically similar lymphocyte population of the extrafollicular zone of the peripheral cortex. The possible reason(s) for the differential labelling of the units is discussed. PMID- 7212323 TI - Morphogenesis of conjunctival papillae from normal and scaleless chick embryos. AB - Morphogenesis of avian conjunctival papillae follows a predictable temporal and spatial pattern and is in some manner directly related to the introduction of the underlying scleral ossicles. We have been able, using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), to correlate all of Murray's ('43) histological stages (1--6) of papillae development, with changes in elevation and morphology of the surface of the conjunctiva. The first indication of morphogenesis is the formation of "papillae primordia." The centers of these primordia exhibit decreased intercellular contact, and become elevated as radially symmetrical humps whose surfaces are composed of rounded cells with numerous microvillar projections. As the papillae become asymmetrical and elongate, cells near the tip of the papillae enlarge and develop microridges. During regression of the papillae, single clusters of cells appear to become lost from the surfaces of the papillae into the surrounding fluid. In contrast to normal chick embryos, those homozygous for papillae and underlying scleral ossicles (Palmoski and Goetinck, '70). SEM of the mutant conjunctival surface indicates that these papillae do not exhibit all of Murray's ('43) histological stages and are morphologically abnormal. Data from the present SEM study of the normal and scaleless conjunctiva are discussed in relation to those data of other investigators, and we suggest that Stage 4 in papillae development is critical to scleral ossicle formation. PMID- 7212325 TI - Ultrasonographic determination of lumbar spine angulation. AB - Abdominal ultrasonograms of recumbent, supine adult subjects were used to measure the angle formed between the horizontal plane and a plane along the anterior border of upper lumbar vertebral bodies. The angle, referred to as phi, for male and female subjects averaged 8.8 degrees. When this angle was compared in subjects with the hips flexed and extended, there was no significant difference. There was a significant difference between subjects in a recumbent position and a standing position. The amount of angulation was compared to the age of the individual and found to have a low correlation coefficient. The angle phi appears to be a good indicator of the amount of lordosis, it related well to previous methods of measuring lordosis, and it is a benign procedure in a genetically sensitive region. PMID- 7212324 TI - Growth in the basicranial synchondroses of adolescent Macaca mulatta. AB - Tritiated thymidine was administered to five Macaca mulatta monkeys ranging in skeletal age from 39 to 48 months. The animals were then serially sacrificed according to the following postinjection schedule: 6 hours, 12 hours, 2, 4, and 7 days. Each animal was given oxytetracycline 370, 103, and 7 days prior to sacrifice. The spheno-occipital and midsphenoidal synchondroses were excised and sectioned midsagittally for histologic preparation and undecalcified "ground" sections. Results from this investigation indicate that from 39 to 48 months of age growth occurs primarily in the spheno-occipital synchrondroses. The greatest mitotic activity occurs within the proliferative zones, while the central zone appears to be relatively inactive. The surface remodeling pattern, which tends to flex the basiocciput relative to the basisphenoid, appears to be compensated for by a supero-inferior growth rate differential within the spheno-occipital cartilage. PMID- 7212327 TI - Cerebral energy state and glycolytic metabolism during lidocaine infusion in the rat. AB - The effects of intravenously administered lidocaine on the cerebral cortical energy state and glycolytic metabolism were studied in rats. In one series, rats were divided into five groups according to EEG patterns, i.e., control, desynchronized, synchronized, seizure (1-min duration) and recovery groups. With lidocaine infusion (0.75 mg/min), there were no significant changes from the control group in the cerebral energy state except for a modest increase in phosphocreatine (PCr) in the seizure group and a small decrease in ADP in the non seizure groups. The cerebral energy charge remained unchanged. Lactate and pyruvate significantly decreased in the non-seizure groups. In a second series, rats were divided into five groups, i.e., control, lidocaine seizure groups (5 min duration, 1.5 mg/min) at hypocapnia, normocapnia and hypercapnia, and a bicuculline (1.2 mg/kg) seizure group. The metabolic changes during lidocaine seizure were essentially the same as those observed in the seizure group in the first series. However, the increase in PCr during lidocaine seizure was significant only in the hypocapnic and the normocapnic groups. Bicuculline induced seizures were accompanied by a significant decrease in high energy phosphates. In summary, neither a non-seizure nor-seizure dose of lidocaine caused any reduction in the cerebral energy charge nor was there any evidence of increased anaerobic metabolism in the cerebral cortex during lidocaine-induced seizures. PMID- 7212326 TI - Ultralong-acting local anesthetic agents. PMID- 7212328 TI - The renal effects of sodium nitroprusside in postoperative cardiac surgical patients. AB - Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is frequently used to control hypertension and/or improve systemic blood flow following cardiac operations. Although SNP causes renal vasodilation when infused into isolated kidneys, the reported effects of SNP on renal vascular resistance and blood flow in intact animals and humans have varied. To define the effects of SNP in postoperative cardiac surgical patients, renal clearances and hemodynamics were measured in seven patients within 24 hours of coronary bypass grafting. Studies were delayed until patients were stabilized and had rewarmed following operation. Following baseline measurements (off SNP), SNP infusion was used to lower mean arterial pressure to 85 torr. Pulmonary wedge pressure was maintained by appropriate fluid therapy, and the measurements repeated 1 h later. SNP administration resulted in equivalent decreases in renal (-31 per cent), pulmonic (-29 per cent) and systemic (-33 percent) vascular resistance. Notwithstanding the decrease in arterial pressure (109 +/- 14 to 91 +/- 9 torr, P less than 0.01), renal blood flow increased by 20 per cent (653 +/- 193 to 792 +/- 210 ml . min-1 . 1.73 m-2, P less than 0.02), in direct proportion to the increase in cardiac index (2.5 +/- 0.4 to 3.0 +/- 0.3 1 . min-1 . m-2, P less than 0.01). Thus, in postoperative cardiac surgical patients, SNP administration can be expected to improve renal blood flow, so long as left atrial hypotension is avoided, and the decline in systemic arterial pressure is not excessive. The improvement in renal blood flow achievable with SNP may be critical for patients with severely depressed left ventricular function in whom severe depression of renal blood flow may occur as an antecedent to acute renal failure. PMID- 7212329 TI - Low-level binding of halothane metabolites to rat liver histones in vivo. AB - Binding of halothane metabolites to rat liver histones was investigated after in vivo administration of 14C-halothane. Animals were injected with either a mixture of triiodothyronine, glucagon and heparin (TGH) to stimulate liver growth or with saline as a control. Twenty-four hours later, animals were administered 14C halothane and maintained at 8--10 per cent O2 for 6 hours. Detergent washed nuclei from liver homogenates were subfractionated to allow quantitative measurements of 14C-halothane binding to histones. Although our studies suggest that much of the previously reported binding of halothane metabolites to major cell fractions was a result of redistribution of endoplasmic reticulum components during isolation procedures, carefully controlled experiments demonstrated that the radioactivity associated with histones could not be due to residual microsomal lipid. Of the initial 132 mumol of 14C-halothane administered, 1.1 mumol remained as nonvolatile metabolites in the liver homogenate and 25 pmol were associated with purified histones. This corresponds to approximately one halothane moiety per 15,000 histone molecules. No significant binding to liver cell RNA or DNA was observed. With this low level of histone modification and lack of convincing evidence of halothane metabolite binding to hepatic DNA or RNA, it is unlikely that significant alteration of the genome occurs after exposure to halothane. PMID- 7212330 TI - Consumption of vitamin B12 during sodium nitroprusside administration in humans. AB - In view of evidence suggesting possible participation of cobalamin in cyanide metabolism, the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) infusion on blood cyanide and plasma thiocyanate levels and serum vitamin B12 levels were examined in ten patients undergoing major orthopedic procedures. Whole blood cyanide concentrations increased significantly (P less than 0.001) from 3.6 +/- 1.1 to 65.7 +/- 16.2 micrograms/dl, and total serum B12 values decreased significantly (P less than 0.005) from 482 +/- 56 to 267 +/- 42 pg/ml, three hours after SNP therapy. Plasma thiocyanate did not change. Cyanide released from SNP converts hydroxocobalamin to cyanocobalamin, which is readily excreted in urine. These variables were not changed in six patients (control) who received trimethaphan. In vitro experiments revealed that none of the serum factor(s) nor nitroprusside interfered with the assay of B12. Hydroxocobalamin may be an appropriate adjunct during SNP therapy. PMID- 7212332 TI - Inactivation of methionine synthetase by nitrous oxide in mice. AB - To characterize the nitrous oxide-induced inhibition of the enzyme, methionine synthetase, we measured enzyme inactivation as a function of nitrous oxide concentration and exposure time. Mice exposed to 0.8 atm nitrous oxide exhibited more than a 50 per cent decrease in liver methionine synthetase activity within 30 min, and activity dropped to 5--25 per cent of the original value after a 4 hour exposure. Although 4-hour exposures to low nitrous oxide partial pressures (less than 0.05 atm) did not significantly alter methionine synthetase activity, higher concentrations of nitrous oxide caused a progressive inhibition over this time period. Continuous exposure to trace levels of nitrous oxide (approximately 1100 ppm) for eight to 22 days produced a small but significant reduction in liver and brain methionine synthetase activity. Methionine synthetase activity returned to control levels two to four days following inactivation. Other anesthetics (xenon, halothane, isoflurane, enflurane) did not produce inactivation. PMID- 7212331 TI - General anesthesia for morbidly obese patients--an examination of postoperative outcomes. AB - Specific postoperative outcomes were assessed in 67 morbidly obese subjects who received general anesthesia for gastric stapling. Each patient was randomly assigned to receive N2O:O2 combined with fentanyl (n = 20), enflurane (n = 24), or halothane (n = 23). Time from last skin stitch until the patient opened eyes on command was significantly less for the fentanyl group (3.0 +/- 0.7 min) than for the enflurane group (13.2 +/- 1.9 min) or the halothane group (17.4 +/- 2.9 min) with P less than 0.05. However, no significant differences in time from last skin stitch to extubation were noted among the fentanyl (16.2 +/- 7.4 min), enflurane (15.2 +/- 1.6 min), and halothane (21.6 +/- 5.8 min) groups (P greater than 0.05). Recovery room (RR) admission temperatures were similar for the three groups: fentanyl, 36.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C; enflurane, 35.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C; and halothane, 36.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C (P greater than 0.05). Total RR time was not significantly different: fentanyl, 108 +/- 6 min, enflurane, 118 +/- 4 min; and halothane, 112 +/- 10 min (P greater than 0.05). In addition, no difference in RR and 24-hour postoperative narcotic (meperidine) requirements was demonstrated among the anesthetic groups. These data suggest that increased lipid solubility of volatile anesthetics (halothane or enflurane) produces neither delayed awakening nor prolonged recovery time in morbidly obese subjects. Considering the early (24 hour) postoperative outcomes studied, there is little to commend one general anesthetic technique over another in the obese subset of the population. PMID- 7212334 TI - Urinary metabolites of chloroprocaine studied by combined gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify the metabolic pathway of 2-chloro-4 aminobenzoic acid (CABA), a primary metabolite of chloroprocaine. Urine was collected from 4 healthy, pregnant women following the epidural administration of 600 mg chloroprocaine. The urinary metabolites were extracted with ether and identified and quantitatively estimated with a gas chromatography--mass spectrometry instrument. The analysis showed that CABA is converted to N-acetyl CABA and subsequently excreted in the urine. PMID- 7212336 TI - Diazepam and intracranial pressure. PMID- 7212337 TI - Evaluation of a disposable humidifier for use during anesthesia. PMID- 7212333 TI - The effect of massive weight loss on arterial oxygenation and pulmonary function tests. AB - Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and arterial oxygenation were studied 24 hours preoperatively and again at varying times (5 to 20 months) during the postoperative weight loss of 37 morbidly obese patients. Among PFTs, expiratory reserve volume (ERV) demonstrated the most significant (P less than 0.001) improvement with weight loss. No clinically relevant differences were found after weight loss in FEV1, FVC, or MMEF. In 11 patients whose arterial blood gases were sampled before and after weight loss, a significant correlation was demonstrated between change in ERV and change in Pao2 (r = 0.59, P less than 0.05) and P(A a)o2 (r = 0.76, P less than 0.01). When weight loss is expressed as either change in body mass index (delta BMI) or as a change in percent of ideal weight (delta wt), there existed a weight loss threshold for improvement in arterial oxygenation. A delta BMI of greater than 20 or a delta wt more than 100 per cent resulted in a significant improvement in Pao2 (P less than 0.01) or P(A-a)o2 (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that morbidly obese patients do not meaningfully improve FEV1, FVC, or MMEF with massive weight loss. However, there is a significant improvement in ERV that directly correlates with improvement in both Pao2, and P(A-a)o2. PMID- 7212335 TI - Seizures induced by methohexital. PMID- 7212338 TI - Intraoperative awareness during high-dose fentanyl--oxygen anesthesia. PMID- 7212340 TI - Cutaneous cerebrospinal fluid leakage following attempted extradural block. PMID- 7212339 TI - Ulnar artery occlusion simulating reflex sympathetic dystrophy. PMID- 7212341 TI - Prevention of fire hazard during laser microsurgery. PMID- 7212342 TI - Partition coefficient vs. dissociation rate constant as determinant of duration of neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 7212343 TI - Naloxone, hypertension, and ruptured cerebral aneurysm. PMID- 7212344 TI - Simplified pulmonary artery/right atrial pressure monitoring system. PMID- 7212346 TI - [Treatment of the pain syndrome in incurable oncological patients by subarachnoidal chemical denervation]. PMID- 7212345 TI - [Adrenal cortical functional state during the correction of heart defects under varied anesthesiological support]. PMID- 7212347 TI - [Role of microfiltration of the blood in preventing pulmonary circulatory disturbances during transfusion therapy of acute blood loss]. PMID- 7212348 TI - [What determines the limit of possible recovery in ischemia?]. PMID- 7212349 TI - [Treatment of encephalopathy after heart arrest]. PMID- 7212350 TI - [Restoration of the canine electrocorticogram after complete and incomplete cerebral ischemia at 37 and 32 degrees C]. PMID- 7212351 TI - [Phenomenon of nonrecovery of the blood flow in the kidneys in terminal states]. PMID- 7212352 TI - [Favorable outcome of a protracted comatose state resulting from electrical injury after clinical death and resuscitation]. PMID- 7212354 TI - [Experience in using an information signal system in a resuscitation department]. PMID- 7212353 TI - [Management of anesthesia against a background of esperal action]. PMID- 7212355 TI - [Controlled hyperventilation in treating skull injuries]. PMID- 7212356 TI - [Effect of the transpulmonary pressure on the occurrence and dynamics of edema in the isolated lung]. PMID- 7212357 TI - [Electrophysiological and metabolic criteria of maximal brain tolerance to complete cessation of circulation under normothermia]. PMID- 7212358 TI - [Risk factors in anesthesia on patients with a postinfarct defect of the interventricular septum]. PMID- 7212359 TI - [Thrombocyte functional activity and ultrastructure during artificial circulation with membrane oxygenation of the blood]. PMID- 7212360 TI - [22 years of uninterrupted artificial pulmonary ventilation in respiratory muscle paralysis]. PMID- 7212362 TI - [Multicomponent intravenous anesthesia using sodium oxybutyrate]. PMID- 7212361 TI - [Use of electroacupuncture in operations on the heart]. PMID- 7212363 TI - [Use of sodium oxybutyrate in hemorrhagic shock during resuscitation at the preclinical stage]. PMID- 7212364 TI - [Use of transcutaneous electrostimulation for surgical and postoperative analgesia]. PMID- 7212365 TI - [Dynamics of the body functional state in orthopedic injury patients undergoing acupuncture in the immediate postoperative period]. PMID- 7212366 TI - [Use of reflexotherapy for analgesia of the 1st period of labor]. PMID- 7212367 TI - [Maternal and fetal respiratory function against a background of prolonged peridural analgesia in labor]. PMID- 7212370 TI - [Sorption detoxication in resuscitation practice]. PMID- 7212369 TI - [Characteristics of corrective therapy in the preoperative and early postoperative periods in acute intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7212368 TI - [Potentials for using artificial hypotension in ophthalmological operations]. PMID- 7212371 TI - [Use of electrocardiostimulation in pediatric resuscitation practice]. PMID- 7212373 TI - [Central hemodynamics in extensive paralysis during years of artificial pulmonary ventilation]. PMID- 7212372 TI - [Blood reinfusion in combined heart and lung injury]. PMID- 7212374 TI - [Parasites of Austrian birds of prey (Falconiformes)]. AB - During the examination of 158 birds of prey -- Buteo buteo (85), Falco tinnunculus (30), Accipiter gentilis (19), Accipiter nisus (18), Circus aeruginosus (2), Circus pygargus (1), Pandion haliaetus (1), Pernis apivorus (1), Falco subbuteo (1) and faeces samples of Falco tinnunculus 4 protozoan species, 1 trematode species, 2 cestode species, 13 nematode species, 2 acanthocephalan species and 5 mallophaga species could be detected. In the buzzard, kestrel and goshawk a new species of Capillaria could be found and described as Eucoleus suppereri spec. nov. A new species of Synhimantus, Synhimantus (Dispharynx) falconis spec. nov. was diagnosed. The infestation frequency of endo- and ectoparasites was relatively high, whereas the infestation intensity was small or mediocre on an average. The highest rate of infestation was found with trematodes and cestodes. The significance of the analysis of crop- and stomach-cntents as a guarantee of diagnosis "psuedoparasitism" was pointed out. PMID- 7212375 TI - [Immune reactions in coccidiosis of chickens and their practical applications]. AB - In the framework of systematic control of the fowl coccidiosis the resistance problem of coccidia strains against the coccidiostatics, which is increasing in dimension, is of great importance at present. In recent years a lot of opinions had been intensively expressed in the international publications about the immunological aspects as an alternative solution. The most important immunological fundamental knowledge about this is explained and the tendency of its practical application is shown. PMID- 7212378 TI - [Larvae of the order Trypanorhyncha (Cestoda) from teleosts of the Indian Ocean]. AB - In the Gulf of Bengal and in the Gulf of Aden 8 species of larvae belonging to the older Trypanorhyncha (Cestoda) were found in teleosita. 3 species of the genus Nybelinia and 1 of the genus Diplootobothrium are described for the first time. PMID- 7212377 TI - [The importance of environmental factors. 1. Conditions for parasite infection]. AB - Results of research showing an evident influence of the host's species, strain and age on the biology of the parasite have been presented. Various Hymenolepididae and Amidostomum anseris served as models. Irregular growth and development of the parasite in a given host species cannot be used as a sure criterion to determine the quality of the host-parasite system, because this irregularity occurs sometimes in a specific host, too. It is proposed that a host can only be regarded as specific for a particular species of parasite if its life cycle can be completed and development of successive generations can be assured. Not only the main host but an auxiliary, incidental or side one can play the role of a specific host. PMID- 7212376 TI - [The applicability of parasites for group separations in the rat-tail fish Macrourus rupestris]. AB - The parasitical fauna of the rat-tail Macrourus rupestris from three different areas in the Labrador-Sea was compared. The stocks are parasitized in a different manner and therefore we can conclude on isolated stocks with different spawn localities. PMID- 7212379 TI - Effect of lidoflazine on systemic arteries and veins. PMID- 7212380 TI - Echocardiographic determination of septal and left ventricular wall motion in the early hours of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Interventricular septal and left ventricular posterior wall excursions and velocities were determined by M-mode echocardiography in the early hours of acute myocardial infarction in 43 patients. In the group with anterior infarction, including 24 patients, the systolic septal excursion (SSE), systolic septal velocity (SSV), diastolic septal excursion (DSE), and diastolic septal velocity(DSV) were decreased (P less than 0.001). The posterior wall excursion during isovolumetric contraction (B-C) and the mean systolic posterior wall velocity (PWVmean) were also decreased (P less than 0.02). The posterior wall excursion during ejection (PWE) was not affected significantly. In the group with inferior infarction, including 19 patients, the B-C excursion was not significantly affected, but the PWE and PWVmean were diminished (P less than 0.001). The opposing healthy interventricular septum showed an increased movement compensatory hyperactivity. These findings indicate that the acute myocardial ischemia which grossly affects the mobility of the myocardium can be detected and determined in the early hours by M-mode echocardiography. PMID- 7212381 TI - Effect of therapy with the pneumatic end-diastolic leg compression boot on peripheral vascular tests and on the clinical course of peripheral vascular disease. AB - The Circulator Boot is a new end-diastolic pneumatic leg compression device. This report describes its effect on 6 normal young people, 8 ambulatory patients with mild peripheral arterial disease, and 21 consecutive patients (of whom 18 were hospitalized) with severe peripheral arterial disease in 25 legs. The courses of 4 patients are discussed in detail. Significant beneficial effects were documented by subcutaneous PO2 levels, pulse volume measurements, ankle blood pressure measurements, and Doppler ultrasound tracings. Twenty-two of the 25 severe legs benefitted clinically from therapy. Immediate therapeutic effects from the boot are attributed to decreases in venous pressure, interstitial fluid pressure, vasoconstriction, and viscosity, and to increases in cardiac output, pulse pressure, and fibrinolysis in the treated leg. The long-term beneficial effects of boot therapy may be related to improved collateral flow and to the rechanneling of obstructed vessels. PMID- 7212382 TI - Intravenous regional guanethidine treatment in peripheral vascular disease. AB - Twenty-eight patients with spastic and obstructive vascular disease were treated with intravenous regional guanethidine (IRG). The drug was injected into the affected hand or foot in doses of 10 or 20 mg, respectively. Temperature and strain-gauge plethysmography curves of the extremity were recorded before treatment, and three to four times during the subsequent 10 days. The effects of IRG, as observed by clinical laboratory examinations, were good in 8 of 12 patients. But in patients suffering from Burger's disease or from major vessel obstructive disease, the results were not as good. However, in most patients IRG proved beneficial in relieving pain, an effect which sometimes outlasted objective improvements. IRG treatment is a simple and safe method for prolonged chemical sympathectomy. PMID- 7212383 TI - Avoiding the ascending lumbar vein. PMID- 7212385 TI - Response of digital blood pressure to cold provocation in cases with Raynaud phenomena. AB - A new diagnostic test of the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of vasospastic disorders is described. It entails measurement of systolic digital artery pressure during successive cooling from 35-5 degrees C. In cases with vasospastic disorders with Raynaud phenomena a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure below 78% of control level is observed and in the most pronounced cases total cessation of flow occurs (critical closing). The test is also a quantitative measure of the degree of vasospasm since the pressure reduction correlates to the clinical degree of vasoconstriction. PMID- 7212384 TI - Circulatory response in Aschner and Czermak-Hering tests, with special reference to cerebral circulation. AB - The Aschner and Czermak-Hering tests were carried out in 7 normal young males and 15 elderly patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis. Alterations in the heart rate, blood pressure and blood flow in the internal carotid artery and brachial artery were studied by means of the on-line Doppler ultrasonic apparatus before, during and after the maneuvers, simultaneously and continuously. Aschner Test. Bradycardia, biphasic alteration of blood pressure, increase of blood flow in the internal carotid artery and decrease of blood flow in the brachial artery were observed in the maneuver. The changing rate of the findings was diversified individually. However, no significant difference was observed between the normal young males and the elderly patients. Side effects consisted of slight and transient nausea and dizziness in 6 subjects. Czermak-Hering Test. Bradycardia, hypotension, and decrease of blood flow in the brachial artery were observed in the maneuver. The changing rate of the findings is more conspicuous in the elderly patients than in the normal young males. Alterations in the blood flow in the internal carotid artery were observed. There was a conspicuous increase of the blood flow in the internal carotid artery on the noncompressed side during the maneuver in all the normal young males and in half of the elderly patients. The remainder of the elderly patients showed either no alteration or decrease of the blood flow in the internal carotid artery on the noncompressed side. Slight nausea in 2 subjects, slight dizziness in 5 subjects, and moderate disturbance of consciousness in 1 subject were observed as side effects. The results indicate that the Czermak-Hering test will be more advantageous in investigating the autonomic nervous function (vasovagal reflex) and autoregulation of cerebral circulation in elderly subjects. PMID- 7212386 TI - Ultrasonic Doppler studies after superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis. AB - The ultrasonic Doppler technique was applied to evaluate the effect of STA-MCA anastomosis. Not only the STA itself, but also ophthalmic and major aortocranial arteries were recorded by the Doppler technique in 12 patients who had undergone STA-MCA anastomosis for internal carotid artery occlusion or stenosis. The examination was performed before, and within a month after the operation. The blood flow pattern of the STA, which had had an external carotid flow pattern, was altered to an internal carotid flow pattern by the STA-MCA bypass operation. The findings of Doppler sonograms of the STA were exactly consistent with post operative angiograms and precisely represented the bypass patency. Among 7 patients with reverse flow direction in the ophthalmic artery before the operation, the reverse flow had decreased in 5 patients post-operatively. But no remarkable change in the ophthalmic artery was detected in the remaining 2 patients. The blood flow velocity patterns of major aortocranial arteries showed no change post-operatively. PMID- 7212387 TI - House dust mites in Hawaii. AB - Dust was collected from 41 homes distributed in valleys, on ridges, near freeways and along shorelines. Acari were found in 40 of the 41 beds of these home in high concentration; Dermatophagoides represented 92.6%; all were D. pteronyssinus. PMID- 7212389 TI - Comparison of methods of performing the radioallergosorbant test. PMID- 7212388 TI - Cyclic urticaria. PMID- 7212391 TI - [Estimation of guanoxabenz in biological fluids (author's transl)]. AB - A molecule sensitive to light, to variations in temperature and pH, guanoxabenz hydrochloride cannot be estimated in biological fluids according to classical technics. The authors propose an analytical method based, during the extraction phase, on the formation of a copper complex extractable in organic medium and in the true phase of measurement, on the transformation, by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis in dichloro-2-6-benzaldehyde, estimated by gas phase chromatography with detection by capture of electrons. The sensitivity and the specificity of the technic authorise its use in pharmacokinetic studies in man. PMID- 7212392 TI - [Modified Gedelisa test (electrophoresis in gradient of polyacrylamide gel combined with Elisa test). Applications to Toxoplasma gondii exo-antigens (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a modified Gedelisa test made up an electrophorese in gradient polyacrylamide gel plus an Elisa test. The gel gradient, after electrophoretic migration is cut longitudinaly. One half is stained with Coomassie blue and the second half is cut in slices of 1 mm thick. Each slice is placed in a well of a microtitration polystirene plate, filled up with carbonate buffer pH 9,6 and then scrached. Proteins diffuse out of the gel and coated on the polystirene. The antigenicity of the coated proteins is revealed by Elisa test. This technique was applied to the study of Toxoplasma gondii exo-antigens obtained from medium of in vitro culture on Vero cells. This antigen contains four fractions, three of them are stained with Coomassie blue, their molecular weights are 160 000, 830 000 and more than one million daltons. PMID- 7212393 TI - [Estimations of pregnanetriolone, pregnanetetrol, delta 5-pregnenetriol by spectrophotometry and by gas liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. AB - The author describes two methods of simultaneous estimation of pregnanetriolone, pregnanetetrol and delta 5-pregnenetriol. These estimations may be carried out at the same time as those of pregnanediol and pregnanetriol. The first method is based on spectrophotometry of derivatives obtained with 80 % sulphuric acid. The second demands gas chromatography. It permitted us to verify the specificity of the first. Its specificity was also verified by coupling with mass spectrometry. These estimations are used in the diagnosis of deficiencies of 21 hydroxylase and 3-beta hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase from the adrenal cortex. The values frequently obtained for delta 5-pregnenetriol are given. PMID- 7212390 TI - [Creatine kinase BB sera in neonatal injury children (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study is to find, besides the determination of lactate in blood, a suitable and specific indicator of brain damage in newborn. Accordingly, we studied the total creatine kinase (CK) activity, by the method of Rosalki, and its subunit isoenzymes BB (CK BB) by fluorescence following electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. A first group (thirty newborns) without any disease represents our taest group. We havae found that the normal ranges for CK total were elevated (about 7 200 nkat/l). Electrophoresis of sera from these patients showed in addition to the normally migration isoenzyme (CK BB) was present in very small amounts, no sufficient for quantification. A second group was constituted to thirty ill newborns, with perinatal brain damage. In twenty-eight to thirty children, we find a significant correlation between the level of CK BB and brain insult. But, we have showed that it was necessary to take in consideration the time passed between the hypoxic insult and the blood puncture. Otherwise, we showed by immuno inhibition with specific antibody and by chromatography with gradient elution that identification of CK BB by electrophoresis cannot be misinterpreted. Furthermore, we demonstrated by this method, that position of CK 1 BB in blood is exactly the same that an purified human extract. This study concluded that a high level CK 1 BB in blood of newborn infants with perinatal brain damage has an accurately diagnosis value, if the blood puncture is done immediately during the severe CNS damage. PMID- 7212394 TI - [Specific determination of hemoglobin A1c on Biorex 70 microcolumn (author's transl)]. AB - The addition of ethyl alcohol to the elution buffer permits one to separate hemoglobin A1c from other glycosylated hemoglobins on a Biorex 70 microcolumn. PMID- 7212395 TI - [Rapid determination of the free plasma fraction of drugs]. PMID- 7212397 TI - [Evaluation according to the NCCLS protocol of the Kodak-Ektachem procedure applied to the estimation of glucose and urea in plasma (author's transl)]. AB - The study carried out consists of evaluating the results obtained for estimation of glucose and urea with a procedure the originality of which resides mainly in the use of preconditioned reagents, in the dry form, laid out on a support where the colour develops, proceeding to a reading by reflectometry and linearise the response by a procedure of calculation carried out by a microprocessor. The evaluation of the results obtained with the Kodak-Ektachem prototype for estimations of glucose and urea in the plasma was carried out according to the NCCLS protocol in the field of a coordinated European study. The imprecision was estimated at several levels of concentration after a study of intraserial and day to day reproducibility with and without contamination correction, the variation coefficients obtained from day to day are less than 3% when the concentrations of glucose and urea are higher than 5 mmol.l, the lower concentrations lead to less precision. No contamination was demonstrated. The inaccuracy is evaluated by comparison of the results supplied by the testing apparatus with those obtained by techniques chosen as reference. (Direct hexokinase with deduction of a blank sample and final reading at 340 nm for glucose, a colorimetric technique using monoxime diacetyl adapted to continuous flow for urea). The correlations between these methods are good : (mmol.l1) glucose : (EKTA) = 0.07 + 1,025 (HK); r = 0,993. Urea : (EKTA) = = 0,498 + 1,046 (DAM); r = 0,995. Further studies on the influence of proteins and a few physiological and drug substances liable to interfere have shown that a routine use in the laboratory may be considered favourably. PMID- 7212396 TI - [Interference of fibrinogen in the determination of plasma urea by the o phthalaldehyde method]. PMID- 7212399 TI - [Continuous-flow determination of delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine (author's transl)]. AB - The automatic determination of urinary ALA using a continuous flow methodology, is described. The amplification of the measured signal, with an adjusted range expander, allows to reduce the sample volume and to decrease drastically the effects of interfering substances. The results are compared with the reference method of Davis and Andelman [11]. PMID- 7212398 TI - [Turbidimetric micromethod for estimation of fibrinogen (author's transl)]. AB - A turbidimetric micromethod for estimation of fibrinogen, both manual and by automatic analysis, is described. It is based on the use of a reagent containing ammonium sulphate, EDTA and glycerol. The blood may be collected either on heparin, EDTA or trisodium citrate. The correlation with the weight methods (r = 0,980), chronometric methods (r = 0,939) and immunonephelemetric methods (r = 0,985) permits its use as a routine method. PMID- 7212401 TI - [Separation of serum isoamylases by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate gel]. PMID- 7212400 TI - [Diagnostic value of the assay of pancreatic isoamylase in the urine]. PMID- 7212402 TI - [Identification and rapid determination of amino acids in biological fluids and tissues]. PMID- 7212403 TI - [Phenotype characteristics of 100 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia. Proposition of a biovars classification (author's transl)]. AB - The authors compared the phenotype characteristics of 100 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia mostly of hospital origin to those of the typical mother strain (ATCC 25416). The morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics (oxidase characteristics, ONPG, LDC, gelatinase and esculine were generally positive), nutritional characteristics (use of numerous organic compounds) and the antibiotypes (usually resistant to betalactamines, aminosides, polymyxins, tetracycline and furans) are reported, together with the differential diagnostic problems between P. cepacia and P. maltophilia (TTR+ methionine requirement). P. pseudomallei (LDC-, ODC-, ADH+, ONPG-) and Agrobacterium sp (urease+, LDC-, ODC-, absence of exoenzymes and use of citrate and malonate). An original classification in 8 biovars (characteristics used : esculine, nitratase, ONPG) permitted epidemiological marking of the strains and a study of their distribution. PMID- 7212404 TI - Guaifenesin: cardiopulmonary effects and plasma concentrations in horses. AB - We determined the cardiopulmonary changes in horses given guaifenesin alone and in the same horses given xylazine (IV) immediately before administration of guaifenesin. In addition, plasma guaifenesin concentrations were determined in horses and 2 pregnant mares and compared with previously published values in ponies. The dose of guaifenesin necessary to produce lateral recumbency in adult horses was 134 +/- 34 mg/kg (mean +/- SD). The administration of guaifenesin caused insignificant (P less than 0.05) changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, right atrial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and cardiac output. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) was transiently, but significantly (P less than 0.05), reduced. The administration of xylazine (IV) to the horses before they were given guaifenesin reduced the dose of guaifenesin necessary to produce lateral recumbency to 88 +/- 10 mg/kg. In these horses, there were significant transient decreases in heart rate, respiratory rate, cardiac output, and PaO2. Central venous pressure remained significantly (P less than 0.05) increased, whereas systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased at all times. In horses given guaifenesin alone, plasma concentrations at the time of lateral recumbency were 313 +/- 108 microgram/ml, and in those given xylazine-guaifenesin, the concentrations of the drug were 277 +/- 83 microgram/ml. Neonatal concentrations of guaifenesin were approximately 30% of that of the mare immediately after delivery, indicating that significant amounts of guaifenesin cross the placental barrier in the mare. PMID- 7212405 TI - Esophageal and intrapleural pressures in the healthy conscious pony. AB - Pleural and esophageal pressures were compared in 6 standing sedated ponies. Pleural pressure was measured with blunt needles attached to transducers and inserted in the 10th intercostal space level with and 10 and 20 cm above the point of the shoulder. Two balloons (a condom and an esophageal balloon) attached to transducers measured esophageal pressure in the cranial, middle, and caudal portions of the thoracic part of the esophagus. Tidal volume was measured by integrating a flow signal derived from a pneumotachograph attached to an endotracheal tube inserted through a tracheostomy. Frequency responses of all measuring systems were matched. Frequency responses of all measuring systems were matched. The change in pleural pressure during respiration was greatest in the middle and ventral portions of the thorax, less in the dorsal portion of the thorax and in the middle and caudal portions of the thoracic part of the esophagus, and least in the cranial portion of the thoracic part of the esophagus. The type of esophageal balloon had no effect on the measured pressure change. Regional variations in esophageal or pleural pressure during breathing caused variations in the calculated dynamic compliance. Pleural pressure gradients of 0.33 cm of water/cm of descent and 0.484 cm of water/cm of descent were recorded in the dorsal and ventral halves of the thorax, respectively, and may result in regional variations in lung inflation similar to those observed in persons. PMID- 7212406 TI - Response of calves to lung challenge exposure with Pasteurella haemolytica after parenteral or pulmonary immunization. AB - In 3 experiments, calves were vaccinated by intrabronchial or subcutaneous injection of formalinized Pasteurella haemolytica. Immunization was evaluated by assessing the clinical and pathologic responses to pulmonary challenge exposure with live homologous bacteria. Serum and bronchoalveolar washings were titrated for antibody by indirect (antiglobulin) bacterial agglutination. Response to challenge exposure was determined by increased rectal temperature and faster respiratory rate. In all experiments, the most obvious clinical change occurred in challenge-exposed calves which had been vaccinated by the subcutaneous injection of killed P haemolytica with added adjuvant. Also, macroscopic pulmonic lesions were recorded most frequently in calves vaccinated by this route. In all instances, immunization resulted in elevated anti-P haemolytica titers both in lung and serum. PMID- 7212408 TI - Activated coagulation time in monitoring heparinized dogs. AB - Heparin was administered to normal dogs either IV or subcutaneously and the anticoagulant effects were monitored by determining prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and activated coagulation time (ACT). Significant correlation was found between ACT and log APTT for all heparin doses. Intravenously administered heparin was rapidly cleared, with the anticoagulant effects lasting only 2 to 3 hours. One hour after IV heparin at dose levels of 100 and 200 U/kg was given, the APTT were prolonged to 1.8 and 2.8 X base-line values, respectively, whereas the ACT were prolonged to 1.4 and 1.6 X base-line values, respectively. Subcutaneously administered heparin was rapidly absorbed, approaching maximal anticoagulation by 2 hours. Thereafter, a fairly stable plateau of anticoagulation was maintained for 4 to 14 hours depending on dose. Two hours after administration of heparin dosages of 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 U/kg, the dog's APTT values were prolonged by 1.6, 2.4, 3.1, and 3.2 X base line, respectively. Corresponding values for ACT revealed prolongations of 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.7 X base line. Considerable variation in APTT response to a given dose of heparin was noted, particularly in dogs given the higher heparin doses. Subcutaneous heparin administration at a dosage of 500 U/kg maintained an APTT target value of 1.5 to 2.5 X base line for 8 hours. On the basis of the regression line equation, ACT = -7.2 + 73.5 log APTT, ACT values corresponding to the APTT target value ranged from 92.2 to 108.5 s (1.23- to 1.45-fold base line). Monitoring anticoagulation in dogs given subcutaneous heparin is recommended at 2 hours to evaluate maximal anticoagulation effects. The inexpensiveness, technical simplicity, and linear response to heparin support the use of ACT in monitoring heparinized dogs. PMID- 7212407 TI - Experimentally induced caseous lymphadenitis in goats. AB - Caseous lymphadenitis was experimentally induced in goats by inoculating 1 x 10(6) Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis by 3 routes: subcutaneous, intradermal, and submucosal. The incubation period for the development of abscesses in the present study ranged from 41 to 147 days, the average being 95.2 days. The shedding period for C pseudotuberculosis from opened abscesses ranged from 9 to 37 days, with an average of 20.3 days. The infection spread to mediastinal lymph nodes in 1 goat and to lumbar lymph nodes in 5 goats. None of the goats had abscesses in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was recovered from all the abscessed lymph nodes but not from the feces or nasal secretions. PMID- 7212409 TI - Canine population dynamics: a study of the Manhattan, Kansas, canine population. AB - Analysis of the age distribution in the pet population of dogs in the community of Manhattan, Kansas from 1968 to 1979 revealed that the distribution was stationary and the rate of population change (lambda1) was close to 1, which means, that if present conditions do not change, the population probably would remain stable in size in the future. The number of females spayed in the Manhattan population reached a frequency of 66% in 1979. Considering only present age-dependent birth and survival rates, the population could not maintain itself and would decrease rapidly in size. It was found, however, that the population is maintained by a high net rate of immigration, with about 75% of all dogs under 6 months old coming from outside the Manhattan population. The ratio of people to dogs in Manhattan was estimated to be 4.14:1; about 41% of all dogs under 6 months of age were acquired through breeders. Roaming animals in 1 year represented about 12% of the canine population in Manhattan; of those, 36% were stray (not claimed by owner) and the rest were owned and redeemed. The data represented only a portion of the population (dogs with responsible owners) and for a complete understanding of the dynamics of the entire population, one should analyze roaming dogs in a similar way. The methods described in this study should be useful for collecting data to be used by veterinarians and municipal authorities confronted with proposals for regulation dealing with reproduction and pet population. PMID- 7212410 TI - Aqueous humor outflow in beagles with inherited glaucoma: constant pressure perfusion. AB - Determination of facility of aqueous humor outflow (C), using constant pressure perfusion, was performed in vivo in normal dogs and in Beagles with inherited glaucoma at different stages of the disease process. Measurements were taken at 10 mm of Hg increments of intraocular pressure (IOP) from 10 to 50 mm of Hg IOP in the controls and to higher levels of IOP, as needed, to obtain 3 consecutive intervals in which perfusion was required in glaucomatous animals. In normal dogs, C increased slightly as IOP increased to a maximum of 0.22 at 50 mm of Hg. In glaucomatous dogs, C was significantly (P = 0.001) reduced compared with the value in the controls, with a maximum value of 0.09 at 50 mm of Hg. PMID- 7212413 TI - Experimentally induced chronic aflatoxicosis in rabbits. PMID- 7212412 TI - Adverse effects caused by polypropylene and polyvinyl feline urinary catheters. AB - Effects of 3 days of open dwelling urethral catheterization were evaluated in normal male cats. Commercially manufactured polypropylene and polyvinyl feline urinary catheters of sufficient length to permit constant urine drainage were compared. Catheters were similar in length, diameter, and design. Hematuria occurred in 6 of 6 cats with polypropylene catheters and in 4 of 6 cats with polyvinyl catheters. For cats with polypropylene catheters, hematuria began within 24 hours of catheter insertion. Hematuria induced by polypropylene catheters was usually more severe in final urinalyses than that induced by polyvinyl catheters. Catheter-induced bacteriuria was found in 5 of 6 cats with polypropylene catheters and in 3 of 6 cats with polyvinyl catheters. Staphylococci and streptococci were the most common bacterial isolates. Microscopic lesions in urethras and bladders were significantly less severe in cats with polyvinyl catheters than cats with polypropylene catheters. With few exceptions, urethras of cats with polyvinyl catheters were microscopically indistinguishable from urethras of noncatheterized cats. Polypropylene catheters consistently induced urethritis which was most severe in some bacteriuric cats. Severe lesions were found in the bladders of all cats with polypropylene catheters. Bladder lesions were common in cats with polyvinyl catheters, but were usually less severe in cats with polypropylene catheters. There was no apparent relation between bacteriuria and bladder lesions. PMID- 7212414 TI - Effect of ambient temperature and humidity on urine output in sheep. AB - Urine output, respiratory rate, water intake, plasma and urine osmolalities, and PCV of 6 sheep exposed to 4 weeks of each of hot-humid, hot-dry, and cool-humid environments alternated with 3 weeks each of cool-dry control environments were determined. Compared with urine output during the control environment, urine output increased during hot-humid, hot-dry, and cool-humid exposure, but was 70% greater during the hot-humid environment than during hot-dry exposure. Water intake increased 37% to 45% during hot-dry exposure but decreased 35% during the first 2 weeks of cool-humid exposure. Urine osmolality decreased 38%, 22%, and 44% during hot-humid, hot-dry, and cool-humid exposure, respectively, whereas plasma osmolality values only increased 3% during hot-dry exposure. Respiratory rates increased on exposure to both hot environments, but decreased during cool humid exposure. The PCV decreased 3% after 1 week of hot-humid exposure, 8% after 4 weeks of hot-dry exposure, and 5% after 4 weeks of cool-humid exposure. Urine output, and probably plasma volume, increased during these periods because evaporative heat loss was reduced due to the lack of adequate air convection and mobility. Heat loss through increased urine output was not significant (P less than 0.2). Enclosed sheep should be kept with short fleeces and should be maintained in conditions of low temperature and adequate convection if representative physiologic, biochemical, and pharmacologic assessments are desired. PMID- 7212411 TI - Canine anatomy as assessed by computerized tomography. AB - Computerized tomographic studies of normal canine anatomy were obtained, using a whole body scanner. The regions of interest were head and neck, thorax, and abdomen and pelvis. Scans were compared with gross transverse sections from one euthanatized dog. Identification and labeling of anatomic structures were aided by reference to recognized texts of canine anatomy. PMID- 7212417 TI - Inheritance of copper toxicosis in Bedlington terriers. AB - The mode of transmission of copper toxicosis, previously reported to be associated with progressive hepatic disease in certain Bedlington Terriers, has been studied by means of 5 matings involving affected and unaffected Bedlington Terriers and dogs of different breeds. The abnormally large concentration of hepatic copper underlying the disorder was found to follow an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. PMID- 7212415 TI - Influence of plasma A esterase on anthelmintic action of haloxon in sheep. AB - Controlled trials were conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic action of haloxon in 2 phenotypes of lambs, 1 having an A esterase in plasma which rapidly hydrolyzes di-(2-chloroethyl)aryl phosphates and the other without this enzyme. A total of 116 lambs, 57 with and 59 without the plasma A esterase, 6 to 9 months old, harboring naturally acquired nematode infections were used in 3 trials. Haloxon was administered orally at 20, 25, and 35 mg/kg of body weight. Nematodes against which haloxon was evaluated in the abomasum were Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus axei and in the small intestine were T vitrinus, T colubriformis, Nematodirus spathiger, and N filicollis. The anthelmintic efficiency of haloxon did not differ in the 2 phenotypes of sheep. PMID- 7212416 TI - Acute oral median lethal dose of haloxon and coumaphos in sheep as influenced by plasma A esterase. AB - Determination of the acute oral medial lethal dose (LD50) of haloxon for lambs classified as to the presence or absence of plasma esterases (A esterase; EsA) rapidly hydrolyzing haloxon revealed markedly different values for the 2 phenotypes of sheep. The LD50 for EsA- lambs was 763 mg/kg of body weight with 95% confidence limits of 543 to 1,072 mg/kg. The acute oral LD50 for EsA+ lambs remains undetermined but was demonstrated to be in excess of 11,392 mg/kg. The acute oral LD50 for a closely related organophosphate (coumaphos) was not different in the 2 phenotypes of sheep. PMID- 7212418 TI - Western hemisphere isolates of African swine fever virus: asymptomatic carriers and resistance to challenge inoculation. AB - Convalescent clinically normal pigs were tested for the persistence of African swine fever (ASF) infection. One group of pigs was examined 135 days after inoculation with a Brazilian isolate and a 2nd group was examined 110 days after inoculation with a Dominican Republic isolate. Susceptible pigs exposed by contact to these groups remained clinically normal. These contact pigs plus 2 more pigs added to each group developed ASF after being fed and inoculated with tissues collected from recovered pigs. African swine fever virus was not isolated in swine buffy coat cultures inoculated with supernatant fluid from the collected tissues. The remaining convalescent Brazilian and Dominican Republic ASF pigs were challenge inoculated with homologous virus and then with Lisbon 60 ASF virus. Pigs in both groups remained clinically normal after homologous virus challenge inoculation. Pigs in the Brazilian group remained clinically normal after inoculation of the lisbon 60 ASF viral isolate. Of 5 pigs in the Dominican Republic group, 3 developed a transient viremia after inoculation of the Lisbon 60 ASF viral isolate. PMID- 7212419 TI - Evaluation of an induced Pasteurella multocida swine pneumonia model. AB - A reproducible swine pneumonia model was developed, utilizing Pasteurella multocida (strain MSU 7) and a rapid endotracheal inoculating technique. The model provided a means of testing various factors, such as therapeutic agents that may influence the course of pulmonary pasteurellosis. In a series of experiments, 81 infected nonmedicated pigs had a morbidity of 96% and a mortality of 22%. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 62% of the lungs at necropsy; 86% of the lungs had gross lesions characteristic for strain MSU 7 pneumonic pasteurellosis when the pigs were necropsied 7 days after inoculation. PMID- 7212420 TI - Sedimentation coefficient of African swine fever virus. AB - The sedimentation coefficient of the infective unit of African swine fever in tissue culture harvest fluids was measured in a preparative ultracentrifuge. The boundary locator method used also permitted making an estimate of heterogeneity. The sedimentation coefficient ranged from 3,000 to 8,000 Svedberg units, representing many classes of infective particles. Electron microscopy on culture fluids from infected cells showed many kinds of virus-containing units. Sucrose CsCl gradient centrifugation was used to concentrate and to purify (partly) African swine fever virus for analytical ultracentrifugation. The optical patterns of the physical particles revealed a range of coefficients from 1,800 to 3,200 Svedberg units in tris-buffered saline solution at 20 C and buoyant densities from 1.19 to 1.24 g/ml in CsCl. The disparity of these values from those obtained by preparative ultracentrifugation indicates a change in the virus structure or a selection of viral populations on purification (or both). PMID- 7212421 TI - Hematologic study of effects of levamisole on stressed cattle. AB - The effects of shipping stress, increased serum cortisol concentrations, and levamisole treatment on the hematologic values of cattle were studied. Complete blood counts were done on blood samples from 40 calves; samples were collected 9 times during a period that began immediately after the calves were weaned and continued through an auction barn-truck transport cycle plus 5 weeks. The object of the study was to determine whether the combination of shipping stress and levamisole treatment would alter the hematologic values (granulocytic series). There was no effect observed. PMID- 7212422 TI - Increased weight gains of Wisconsin dairy heifers following systematic deworming with fenbendazole. AB - Average daily weight gains (ADG) were compared among 26 dairy heifers on 11 farms. Half of the heifers were treated with fenbendazole (5 mg/kg) at 30- or 60 day intervals. Treatment every 60 days did not effectively control subclinical nematode parasitism, but did increase ADG by 0.05 kg, P less than 0.05. Treatment every days effectively controlled tha parasitisms and significantly improved ADG by 0.09 kg, P less than 0.01. Repeated treatment increased rate of gain on 10 of 11 farms. Cooperia, Ostertagia, and Nematodirus were the predominant genera found parasitizing the heifers. On several farms, the pattern of infection indicated that overwintering larvae were a source of infection. PMID- 7212423 TI - Effect of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatic disease on plasma amino acid patterns in the horse. AB - Plasma amino acid patterns were studied in 6 clinically normal adult horses during the course of hepatic disease induced by feeding them plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. At death, there were significant (P less than 0.01) increases in glutamine, proline, tyrosine, asparagine, lysine, histidine, alanine, phenylalanine, methionine, aspartic acid, and ornithine values. There were no significant changes in glycine, valine, isoleucine tryptophan, and arginine values. There were significant (P less than 0.01) decreases in citrulline. Ammonia increased 4-fold. Alpha-Aminoadipic acid and alpha aminobutyric acid were not detectable in the plasma of clinically normal horses, but were in the plasma of horses with severe hepatic disease. The ratio of branched chain amino acids (isoleucine + leucine + valine) to phenylalanine plus tyrosine progressively decreased from a normal of +/- 0.5 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 (mean +/ SD) just prior to death. The relative changes in plasma amino acid pattern in horses with hepatic diseases seem similar to those changes occurring in man and other animals with hepatic disease. PMID- 7212424 TI - Biologic and serologic relationships between Page's and Sawata's serotypes of Haemophilus paragallinarum. AB - Biologic and serologic relationships between Page's serotypes A, B, and C and Sawata's serotypes 1 and 2 of Haemophilus paragallinarum were investigated. Of the 7 Page's serotype strains testes (which were biologically confirmed as H paragallinarum), serotype B strains Spross and 0222 (which produced a low iridescent smooth-type colony) required V factor, but did not require chicken serum for growth. Serotype A strains 083, W, Georgia, and Germany and serotype C strain Modesto, as well as Sawata's serotype 1 strain 221 and serotype 2 strain H 18 (which produced a high-iridescent smooth-type colony) required V factor and chicken serum for growth. Strains 083, W, Georgia, and Germany of Page's serotype A and Modesto strain of serotype C, as well as strain 221 of Sawata's serotype 1 and H-18 of serotype 2, had a heat-labile, trypsin-sensitive L antigen. Because serotype A strains had serotype 1-specific antigen and common L antigen, which is shared by serotypes 1 and 2, these strains corresponded to Sawata's serotype 1. Serotype C strain Modesto, which had serotype 2-specific antigen and common L antigen, corresponded to serotype 2. However, serotype B strains Spross and 0222 lacked serotype B-specific L antigen, and were not typeable. PMID- 7212425 TI - Equine postanesthetic forelimb lameness: intracompartmental muscle pressure changes and biochemical patterns. AB - Intracompartmental muscle pressures were recorded from the right and left forelimbs (extensor carpi radialis, triceps brachii) of healthy horses maintained in left lateral recumbency while under deep halothane anesthesia for 180 to 240 minutes. Cardiac output, blood pressure, blood gases, and acid-base status were monitored throughout the anesthesia, and electrolyte levels (Ca2+, P+, K+, Cl-, Na+) and enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and blood lactate) were monitored for 7 days. Postanesthetic forelimb lameness was produced in 5 of the 6 horses with this prolonged anesthetic regime. This lameness was associated with muscle plaque formation and clinical signs which were similar to the forelimb lameness sometimes seen in horses after surgical anesthesia. Plasma protein, serum calcium, plasma sodium, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations did not change, whereas significantly increased hematocrit, plasma potassium, and serum inorganic phosphate values were seen at the end of anesthesia, along with a decrease in plasma chloride values. Blood lactate, serum AST, and serum CPK activities were significantly high in the postanesthetic period, although the sequence of the changes differed. Intracompartmental muscle pressures were higher in the left forelimb adjacent to the floor (contact limb), and in the instance of the triceps of the contact limb, the pressures were sufficiently high (greater than 30 mm of Hg) that they may have compromised capillary blood flow. However, these high intracompartmental muscle pressures did not persist when positional changes of the horses were introduced at the end of the anesthetic period. There was no correlation between the severity of postanesthetic lameness and any of the measured values. The results demonstrate an experimentally induced postanesthetic lameness which was primarily related to the development of a myositis. Although the causative factors of this myositis may be multiple, the present study implicates local hypoxia in that increased blood lactate and inorganic phosphate values preceded that increased CPK activity. Intracompartmental muscle pressure in the contact limb were possibly high enough to have restricted local capillary blood flow. PMID- 7212427 TI - In vivo and in vitro measurement of tendon strain in the horse. AB - Strains gauges were applied to the superficial flexor tendon, deep flexor tendon, and suspensory ligament of sound adult horses. Maximum tendon strain occurred during full weight bearing while walking, when the forelimb was perpendicular to the group surface. There was decrease in tendon strain with increase in hoof angle for the deep digital flexor, but no change in tendon strain for the superficial digital flexor and suspensory ligament with changing hoof angle. At physiologic rates of strain, tendons were able to withstand large loads without yielding. Load strain curves developed in vitro indicated that during walking, the deep digital flexor was calculated to load to 416.8 kg; the superficial flexor tendon to 362.9 kg; and the suspensory ligament to 172.4 kg. This study shows that in the horse, strain in flexor tendons during walking was in excess of 5%, indicating strains within the visco-elastic range. PMID- 7212428 TI - Serum electrophoresis and immunoglobulin concentrations in cows with lymphoma. AB - Changes in the serum electrophoretic patterns and immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations were examined in cows with lymphoma, in clinically normal cows, and in cows with various inflammatory conditions. Cows with lymphoma had moderately increased concentrations of alpha 2-globulin which were significantly different from concentrations in normal animals (P less than or equal to 0.01) and in animals with inflammatory conditions (P less than or equal to 0.05). This was possibly due to the increase in acute-phase reactant proteins which occurs with inflammation and neoplasia; however, there was the suggestion that these alpha 2-globulins may be qualitatively different in animals with neoplasia. beta 2-Globulins were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) decreased in cows with lymphoma, and this was attributed to lower concentrations of Ig observed in this group. All Ig classes, except IgA, were decreased in cows with lymphoma, but the greatest decrease was observed in the IgM class. PMID- 7212429 TI - Bovine babesiosis: pathogenicity and heterologous species immunity of tick-borne Babesia bovis and B bigemina infections. AB - A total of 22 nonsplenectomized Hereford, Holstein-Friesian, and cross-bred 18 month-old cattle were used to assess the degree of protection conferred by previous infection with Babesia bovis or B bigemina against infection and disease from tick-borne challenge exposure with the heterologous species. Prior infection with B bigemina or B bovis did not significantly (P less than 0.05) reduce the susceptibility of cattle to tick-borne infection and disease caused by the heterologous species. Carrier infections were not activated during heterologous species challenge exposure, nor was the severity of the challenge-exposure infection aggravated. Immunologic cross reactivity in the indirect fluorescent antibody test was restricted to the period during and shortly after recovery. Homologous indirect fluorescent antibody titers persisted long after primary infections with B bovis, but gradually declined in B bigemina-immune cattle. Babesia bovis infections caused severe reactions characterized by high fever, pancytopenia, and death of 9 of 15 infected cattle. Total serum bilirubin and urea nitrogen values increased markedly within 24 hours preceding death and were often accompanied by clinical signs of CNS involvement (incoordination, opisthotonos, and paddling). Microscopic lesions were restricted largely to kidney, CNS, and liver parenchyma and were characterized by vascular congestion and aggregation of infected erythrocytes in small vessels. Babesia bigemina, in contrast, caused only mild fever and anemia despite prolonged parasitemia and marked thrombocytopenia. The absence of significant (P less than 0.05) heterologous species immunity indicated that protection of cattle from these 2 babesial parasites will require specific immunization against each species. PMID- 7212426 TI - Effects of copper pretreatment upon toxicity of selenium in ponies. AB - Thirty-four adult ponies were used to determine the effects of single oral doses of copper (Cu) supplements (0, 20, and 40 mg of Cu/kg of body weight) on the toxicity of oral doses of selenium (Se) supplements (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg of Se/kg of body weight) administered 24 hours after the copper was given. Signs of Se toxicosis-sweating, diarrhea, tachycardia, tachypnea, mild pyrexia, lethargy, and colic-developed in ponies given 6 and 8 mg of Se/kg of body weight without Cu pretreatment. Two of 4 ponies given 6 mg of Se/kg and both ponies given 8 mg of Se/kg without Cu pretreatment died within 36 hours after being given the Se. All ponies given either 20 or 40 mg of Cu/kg were unaffected by the subsequent Se supplement, regardless of dosage. The Cu pretreatment did not seem to inhibit absorption of Se, based on serum Se concentrations, but hastened the disappearance of the Se from the serum. PMID- 7212430 TI - Ultrastructure of ANaplasma marginale Theiler in Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and Dermacentor variabilis (Say). AB - Cattle were inoculated with a Virginia isolate of Anaplasma marginale Theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and D variabilis (Say) nymphs. Anaplasma marginale was demonstrated by electron microscopy in gut tissues of replete nymphal ticks and in unfed, incubated, and feeding adult ticks that were exposed to the organism as nymphs when they fed on an infected cow. The A marginale organism in replete nymphs and adult feeding ticks were morphologically similar to A marginale described previously from infected bovine erythrocytes. Colonies of A marginale were demonstrated by light and electron microscopy in midgut epithelial cells of unfed adult D andersoni and D variabilis that had been incubated at 37 C for 3 days. Anaplasma marginale organisms in colonies were very pleomorphic. Small electron-dense particles were demonstrated in all infected tick stages studied, but were most evident in colonies from incubated, unfed ticks. They may represent a reproductive form of A marginale. PMID- 7212431 TI - Demonstration of Anaplasma marginale Theiler in Dermacentor variabilis (Say) by ferritin-conjugated antibody technique. AB - Cattle were inoculated with a Virginia isolate of Anaplasma marginale Theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared Dermacentor variabilis (Say) nymphs. Transstadial transmission of A marginale was demonstrated by feeding the newly molted adult ticks on susceptible cattle and by inoculation of gut homogenates collected from adult ticks at postattachment day 6. A similar gut homogenate from the same group of ticks was caused to react with A marginale bovine antisera that had been conjugated with ferritin. The homogenate contained organisms similar to those observed in the gut of adult feeding ticks that were infected as nymphs and the labeling of the outer membrane confirmed that organisms observed were A marginale. A gut homogenate prepared from control ticks did not cause infection when inoculated into a susceptible cow and no organisms were demonstrated. PMID- 7212434 TI - Evaluation of a modified live-virus vaccine for the prevention of porcine parvovirus-induced reproductive disease in swine. AB - Each of 5 gilts was vaccinated IM with modified live-virus (MLV) vaccine for porcine parvovirus (PPV), and 5 gilts were used as nonvaccinated controls. Vaccinated gilts developed hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies to PPV (titer of 320 to 1,280) by 2 weeks after vaccination. All gilts wee bred, and at about 40 days of gestation their immunity was challenged by intranasal and oral administration of a virulent strain of PPV. Gilts were killed at about 84 days of gestation and their litters were examined. Litters from vaccinated gilts comprised 59 live and 2 dead fetuses. Neither the virus nor antibodies to the virus were detected in any of the fetuses. In contrast, litters from nonvaccinated gilts comprised 25 live and 29 dead fetuses, and PPV was isolated from all dead and 9 live fetuses. Viral antigen was detected by direct immunofluorescence in the lungs of all PPV-infected fetuses, and 7 of the live infected fetuses had HI antibodies. Modified live virus did not cause transplacental fetal infection in 3 seronegative gilts inoculated at about 40 days of gestation. All 3 gilts had antibodies to PPV (80 to 640) when killed at about 84 days of gestation, and neither HI antibodies nor PPV were detected in any of the 20 live and 1 dead fetuses from these gilts. Modified live virus replicated in the tissues of fetuses of 2 gilts inoculated in utero. Seven of 8 fetuses inoculated with MLV died and were infected. These results demonstrated the efficacy of MLV vaccine for the prevention of PPV-induced reproductive disease in swine. Although MLV did not cross the placental barrier in pregnant animals, its pathogenicity for porcine fetuses after direct in utero inoculation indicates that its use should be limited to nonpregnant animals. PMID- 7212435 TI - Atypical hog cholera infection: viral isolation and clinical study of in utero transmission. AB - Sows in different stages of pregnancy were inoculated with a low-virulence hog cholera strain. Clinical signs of disease were not observed in the sows during pregnancy, but most of their pigs were splaylegged and had nervous disorders; perinatal mortality was high. A few pigs from sows that were inoculated during the 1st trimester of pregnancy survived and remained inapparent carriers of virus, without developing antibodies. Seemingly, these pigs were immunotolerant. Virus was transmitted from immunotolerant pigs to susceptible pigs by contact 5 weeks after farrowing, but not 3 months after farrowing, despite the persistence of the virus at a high concentration in the blood and in the organs of the immunotolerant pigs. PMID- 7212433 TI - Glucose-stimulated fluid absorption in the pig small intestine during the early stage of swine dysentery. AB - Kinetics of glucose-stimulated water absorption and small bowel absorptive function in normal pigs and pigs affected with swine dysentery were examined with a steady-state perfusion technique. Glucose-dependent stimulation of solute and water absorption was shown in normal pigs with a transport constant of 46.9 mM and a maximum change in volume transport capacity of 78.3 ml/h/50 cm of jejunum. The entire small intestine of normal pigs absorbed 10 mg/min of an isotonic fluid when the luminal glucose concentration was 80 mM, whereas the intestine secreted 3 ml/min when glucose was replaced by mannitol. These absorptive and secretory rates in infected pigs were identical to those in control pigs. Electrolyte and acid-base values in arterial blood were unchanged after the rapid administration of 500 ml of a glucose-electrolyte solution into the proximal portion of the small bowel, and the plasma glucose response in control and infected pigs was identical. Seemingly, small bowel absorptive function is normal in pigs with swine dysentery and provides a rational approach to oral, glucose-electrolyte therapy for restoring the extracellular fluid losses that occur with this disease. PMID- 7212432 TI - In vitro antimycotic sensitivity of yeasts isolated from infected bovine mammary glands. AB - A total of 91 yeast cultures isolated from infected bovine mammary glands in several herds were studied in vitro to determine their sensitivity to 7 antimycotic agents. Yeast cultures were most sensitive to clotrimazole followed by ketoconazole, nystatin, myxin, miconazole, and amphotericin B and least sensitive to 5-fluorocytosine. The isolants represented 18 species. Candida lusitaniae was most sensitive (85.7%) and C rugosa was least sensitive (31.9%) to the 7 antimycotic agents. PMID- 7212436 TI - Studies on canine parvovirus infections: development of an inactivated vaccine. AB - parvoviruses isolated from the intestines of dogs that died of an enteric infection were propagated in various parasynchronized canine and feline cell cultures. Viral antigen could be visualized in infected cell cultures with the aid of fluorescein-labeled feline, as well as porcine, parvovirus antisera, and in an indirect test with sera from dogs that had recovered from a parvovirus infection. The virus hemagglutinated porcine RBC at 4 C and 25 C but not at 37 C. An inactivated canine parvovirus vaccine elicited an immune response, but no adverse reactions, when inoculated into dogs. Vaccinated dogs were immune and did not show any clinical signs when challenge exposed with virulent virus, whereas nonvaccinated, nonimmune dogs became clinically ill when inoculated with the same virus. Humoral hemagglutination-inhibiting parvovirus antibody values corresponded well with susceptibility and resistance to experimental inoculation of dogs with canine parvoviruses. PMID- 7212437 TI - Serum inorganic fluoride and renal function in dogs after methoxyflurane anesthesia, tetracycline treatment, and surgical manipulation. AB - Effects of 2 hours of methoxyflurane-induced anesthesia in 25 dogs were determined by serum inorganic fluoride, serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, water intake, urine excretion, and urine specific gravity measurements; arterial concentrations of the anesthetic were also determined. The dogs were allotted to 5 groups (PTM, CTM, PTML, CTML, ML) of 5 dogs in each group and were anesthetized (M, in group designations) for 2 hours. The dogs were injected with chemically pure tetracycline or commercial tetracycline (PT and CT, in group designations) before, on the day of, and after anesthesia. In 3 groups, laparotomy (L, in group designations) was done; group ML did not receive tetracycline but a laparotomy was performed. Serum inorganic fluoride increased (P less than 0.05) in all groups 24 hours after anesthesia when compared with the base-line values; the highest mean serum concentration was 81.1 +/- 7.91 mumol/L (group PTM) and the lowest was 32.7 +/- 4.53 mumol/L (group PTML). There was no difference (P greater than 0.05) seen in serum urea nitrogen concentrations between groups. Methoxyflurane and tetracycline treatment caused no difference (P greater than 0.05) on serum concentrations of inorganic fluoride and urea nitrogen. Serum creatinine concentrations differed (P less than 0.05) only for groups PTM, CTM, PTML, and CTML vs group ML. Water intake reached peak at 48 hours after anesthesia. Arterial concentrations of methoxyflurane determined at 60 and 120 minutes of anesthesia indicated no difference (P greater than 0.05) among groups. Neither clinical nor laboratory signs of severe kidney dysfunction were detected in any of the experimental dogs during a 5-day observation period after anesthesia. PMID- 7212438 TI - Therapeutic and toxic plasma concentrations of digoxin in the cat. AB - Nonanesthetized cats of both sexes were given oral digoxin (0.011 mg/kg of body weight) 3 forms: elixir, tablet, and crushed tablet mixed with food. Mean peak plasma concentrations of digoxin were highest with the elixir (1.89 +/- 1.02 ng/ml) and lowest with the crushed tablet mixed with food (0.66 +/- 0.35 ng/ml). Male cats had significantly higher (P less than 0.10) mean plasma digoxin concentrations than did female cats. A 2nd group of nonanesthetized cats of both sexes was given digoxin elixir orally at therapeutic amounts (0.011 mg/kg) once a day for 4 consecutive days. The cumulative effect of digoxin resulted in 62% increase in the mean peak plasma concentration and 231% increase in the 24-hour plasma concentration of digoxin over the 4-day period. Male cats had a significantly (P less than 0.05) higher mean plasma digoxin concentration than did the female cats. Significant changes in the ECG were not recorded. A 3rd group of nonanesthetized cats of both sexes was given a single toxic dose (0.11 mg/kg) of digoxin elixir orally. All cats showed clinical signs of digitalis toxicosis (depression, vomiting, salivation, and anorexia) before ECG changes appeared. Alterations in the ECG were minimal; the most important changes were a slight increase in the PQ interval, an elevated ST segment, and decreased heart rate. Plasma concentrations of digoxin at the time of vomition ranged from 4.45 to 12.12 ng/ml with a mean peak plasma value of 7.37 +/- 3.61 ng/ml. The cats were clinically ill for 48 to 96 hours. A plasma digoxin concentration of 2.3 ng/ml was not toxic. PMID- 7212439 TI - Optimization of the suspension culture method for in vitro cultivation of Babesia bovis. AB - An evaluation of some system variables for the suspension-culture method of in vitro Babesia bovis cultivation has identified some variables as critical and suggested optimum values for others. Growth of Babesia was not affected by siliconizing the culture vessels or including HEPES buffer in the culture medium. THe culture pH, however, markedly influenced the growth rate. When supplemented with a large amount of serum, even Hanks's balanced salt solution was an adequate medium to support growth of B bovis, but growth improved with increasing medium complexity. A comparison of growth in the complex mammalian tissue culture mediums RPMI-1640, medium 199, and NCTC-135 showed no significant differences. Heparinized plasma (plasma with added heparin ) could not be substituted for serum. While serum could be stored by either freezing or refrigeration at 4 C for up to a week RBC rapidly lost their ability to support growth of B bovis when stored at 4 C. Preliminary experiments with the gaseous environment indicated that CO2 is required and that the optimum oxygen tension was near the normal atmospheric level of about 20%. PMID- 7212440 TI - Lymphocyte immunostimulation in the diagnosis of Corynebacterium equi pneumonia of foals. AB - A lymphocyte stimulation test using antigens of Corynebacterium equi was used to compare the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from foals with C equi pneumonia with those of clinically normal foals and adult horses. The test clearly distinguished infected foals from normal foals when tested in animals less than or equal to 2 months old. After the 2nd month, stimulation response from individual normal foals sometimes exceed those from infected foals, but mean stimulation response to C equi antigens was significantly (P less than 0.025) greater in 3- to 5-month-old infected foals when compared with mean values of 3- to 5-month-old normal foals. Mean stimulation responses in 5- to 7-month-old foals, which had recovered from C equi pneumonia, could not be distinguished from mean responses of normal foals. The test could still, however, be used diagnostically in foals greater than 2 months of age if stimulation responses were low. The test indicated the great extent of exposure to C equi in the normal horse population. PMID- 7212441 TI - Characterization of equine alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes based on their electrophoretic mobility by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. AB - Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes of equine tissues, peritoneal fluid, and serum were characterized by their electrophoretic mobilities, using polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in liver, kidney, spleen, small intestine, placenta, bone, small colon, and large colon tissue samples were extracted and separated by electrophoresis. The resulting isoenzyme mobilities and spectrophotometric scans were evaluated for their tissue specificity and for their possible use in determining the tissue contribution of alkaline phosphatase to serum and peritoneal fluid. The sensitivity of the tissue alkaline phosphatase to heating at 56 C was also determined. The isoenzymes of all the tissue extracts, except small intestine and large colon, were distinguishable from one another by their specific electrophoretic mobilities and patterns and by their sensitivity to heating at 56 C. The mobilities and patterns of small intestine and large colon isoenzyme extracts were not different enough to allow making a differentiation, but the heat resistance of small intestine did distinguish it from large colon. The tissue sources of alkaline phosphatase in the serum of healthy adult horses, pregnant mares, and normal foals and in the peritoneal fluid of healthy horses were determined by characterization of the mobilities of their isoenzymes. PMID- 7212442 TI - Anaplasma marginale in bovine erythrocyte cultures. AB - Bovine erythrocytes infected with Anaplasma marginale were standardized with normal bovine erythrocytes at 1.4% and 3.5% parasitemia and cultured under low oxygen pressure at 37 C. The number of erythrocytes infected by A marginale appeared to increase 3.3-fold by day 11 and 4.5-fold by day 3, as determined by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thin films of the culture suspension. Anaplasma parasites in experimental cultures were proven to be viable and pathogenic by calf inoculation for up to 16 days. PMID- 7212444 TI - Endomyocardial biopsy in the dog. AB - A technique for transvenous endomyocardial biopsy of the right ventricular septum was modified from an existing procedure described in man and was applied in the dog. More than 120 procedures were performed in 36 dogs. One dog died, but lesions noticed at necropsy were not sufficient to establish the specific cause of death. Other fatalities or major complications were not encountered. PMID- 7212445 TI - Treatment of psoroptic mange with avermectins. AB - Good control of Psoroptes cuniculi was achieved in rabbits treated with various avermectin analogues by topical application or by subcutaneous injection of the 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1. PMID- 7212443 TI - Relationship among particle size distribution, dissolution profile, plasma values, and anthelmintic efficacy of oxfendazole. AB - Three mean particle sizes of oxfendazole raw material (1.65 micron, lot A; 3.2 micron, 10t B; 12.0 micron, lot C) were prepared and identically formulated as corresponding (A, B, and C) suspensions at 2.26% (W/V) concentration. Studies involving microscopic examination, scanning electron microscope analysis, particle size distribution, and surface area measurement were carried out on raw materials. In vitro dissolution profiles were obtained for the suspensions. A comparative bioavailability study of these 3 suspensions was performed in 12 sheep with each sheep given each formulation in a Latin square crossover study design; oxfendazole was dosed at rate of 5 mg/kg of body weight. Plasma-value measurements were made followed by an analysis of various bioavailability studies. Plasma area values indicated that suspension C (dw = 12.0 micron) was significantly (P less than 0.05) less bioavailable than was suspension A (dw = 1.65 micron); there was no difference between suspension A and suspension B. Significant differences were not seen in biological half-life and maximum plasma concentrations. The term dw refers to that particle diameter (determined by Coulter counting) at which 50% of the oxfendazole mass was in the form of particles having a lesser diameter and 50% was in the form of particles having a greater diameter. In a separate study involving 20 Merino weaner sheep infected with benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus larvae, oxfendazole's anthelmintic efficacy was demonstrated in the 2.26% suspension dosage form (90% particles less than 10 micron) at a dosing rate of 5 mg/kg. A correlation was found between its anthelmintic activity and plasma area values when compared in individual sheep. Data demonstrated that substantial differences in particle size distribution of oxfendazole could influence its dissolution rate, plasma concentrations, and absorption characteristics, thus indicating that oxfendazole's absorption could be dissolution-rate limited. PMID- 7212446 TI - Purification and properties of Haemophilus paragallinarum hemagglutinin. AB - Hemagglutinin (HA) of Haemophilus paragallinarum was purified, and its immunologic, chemical, and morphologic properties were studied. The HA was purified by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B and by subsequent ultracentrifugation of trypsinized cells after pretreatment with neuraminidase. After gel filtration, the HA component (fractioned HA) gave 1 precipitin line by gel diffusion, and after inoculation in chickens, hemagglutinination-inhibition antibody to trypsin sensitive HA antigen was found. Chickens inoculated with the fractionated HA were protected from challenge exposure with H paragallinarum. In a sample further purified by ultracentrifugation (purified HA), a single protein band was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; it had a molecular weight of approximately 39,000. A molecular weight of several hundred thousand to several million was observed by gel filtration. Seemingly, HA of H paragallinarum is an aggregate of more than 20 HA sub-units. The purified HA included protein and some sugars, and according to electron microscopic observation, had a filamentous structure. PMID- 7212447 TI - Mental health policy as a field of inquiry for psychology. PMID- 7212449 TI - Unintended consequences of requiring a license to help. PMID- 7212448 TI - Psychology and health care in Cuba. PMID- 7212450 TI - Unfinished business with informed consent procedures. PMID- 7212451 TI - Annual meeting abstracts: American Thoracic Society/American Lung Association. Detroit, Michigan, May 9-13, 1981. PMID- 7212453 TI - Etiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of positive blood cultures. AB - The case records of 516 patients with 613 organisms from positive blood cultures at Detroit General Hospital (1975) and Harper-Grace Hospitals (first half of 1979) were analyzed. Gram-negative bacilli predominated by 46 per cent at Detroit General Hospital and 39 per cent at Harper-Grace Hospital. The gram-negative bacteremias also had higher mortality rates (47 per cent at Detroit General Hospital and 39 per cent at Harper-Grace Hospital) than the other organisms (27 per cent at Detroit Hospital and 25 per cent at Harper-Grace Hospital). The lung was the most frequent source for positive blood cultures at Detroit General Hospital (42%), whereas the urinary tract was the major primary site at Harper Grace Hospital (30%). If sepsis was not diagnosed and operated upon aggressively prior to the development of shock or organ failure, the mortality rate rose from 12 per cent to 64-88 per cent. Increased efforts must be made to diagnose sepsis early and drain any collections of pus, particularly in anergic patients who may show little or no evidence of sepsis even after the development of multiple organ failure or shock. PMID- 7212452 TI - Morphine effects on cardiovascular performance. PMID- 7212454 TI - Obstructive jaundice: the necessity for improved management. PMID- 7212456 TI - Clinical significance of altered coagulation tests after massive transfusion for trauma. PMID- 7212458 TI - Presidential address. Surgical life in the country. PMID- 7212455 TI - Intraoperative choledochoscopy: an efficacious adjunct to common duct exploration in calculous biliary tract disease. AB - The authors review their experience with 59 consecutive patients undergoing common duct exploration for calculous biliary tract disease, 33 of whom underwent operative choledochoscopy. It is shown that choledochoscopy is not associated with an increase in the amount of time required to perform cholecystectomy and common duct exploration. It is similarly shown that there is no increase in the incidence of postoperative complications occurring in conjunction with the use of the choledochoscope. Because of the safety of the technique and the subjective satisfaction afforded by its use, the authors, now include choledochoscopy as a routine measure in common duct exploration. PMID- 7212459 TI - [Synthesis of quinolines from safrole]. PMID- 7212457 TI - Jejunal loop interposition: a remedy for failed jejunoileal bypass. AB - A jejunal loop interposition procedure has been developed for selected post jejunoileal bypass patients who require repeated hospitalizations for electrolyte imbalance and malnutrition. Twelve patients have undergone interposition of an additional 6 inches of jejunum into the functional segment of bowel with excellent results. Deficiencies in serum albumin, calcium, magnesium and potassium were rapidly corrected following this operation. Desired weight was maintained, and rapid, dramatic improvement in general state of well-being was observed. No intraoperative complications were encountered and the procedure is easily performed. PMID- 7212461 TI - Hydrogen-deuterium exchange in the black-eyed pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor and its complex with beta-trypsin. AB - The H-D exchange of the black-eyed pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor (BTCI) in D2O was studied by an ultraviolet spectroscopic method recently proposed (J. J. Englander, D. B. Calhoun, and S. W. Englander, (1979) Analytical Biochemistry, 92, 517-524). Isotopic exchange data are presented as plots of X (the fraction of unexchanged peptide hydrogen atoms at time t) versus log(kot), where ko is the pH dependent rate constant for peptide groups exposed to the solvent. In the range of pD 2.25-6.9, at 20 degrees C, BTCI shows a continuous exchange curve which indicates that the exchange mechanism is of the EX2 type and no detectable conformational changes occur in the protein. Deviations from this exchange curve are found at pD 7.3 and 8.0. About 60% of the peptide hydrogens of BTCI are exchanged for delta Go less than or equal to 2 kcal/mol, and 90% for delta Go less than 6 kcal/mole. For reduced and carboxymethylated BTCI, exchange data suggest a much more open conformation in comparison with the unmodified protein. However, some residual structure appears to be maintained, after scission of the disulfide bonds. The exchange data indicate that, as a consequence of the formation of the beta-trypsin-BTCI complex, part of the peptide groups of the enzyme and/or inhibitor become less accessible to the isotopic exchange. PMID- 7212462 TI - [Chromosome 18 long-arm deletion. Report of 1 case]. AB - Authors report a ten month old girl with multiple malformations: midfacial hypoplasia, hypertelorism, carp mouth, very marked antihelix, poor muscular tone, spindle-shaped fingers with a high frequency of whirles and low levels of serum immunoglobulin A. In leukocyte culture, patient shows a deletion of the long arm of a 18 chromosome. PMID- 7212460 TI - Electrocyte physiology: I. Temperature dependence of membrane excitability. AB - Some membrane characteristics of the isolated electrocyte of the Sachs organ are presented as function of temperature. Excitability curves are shown for electrocytes kept in standard saline at different temperatures. It is shown that rheobase varies directly with temperature. Apparently membrane resistance varies from 4.9 omega . cm2at 20 degrees C to 11.4 omega . cm2 at 5 degrees C and membrane capacity from 51,0 muF/cm2 to 48.4 muF/cm2 respectively. The relatively low resistance and high capacitance of this membrane may be due to an incorrect assessment of surface area owing to infolding. PMID- 7212463 TI - [Hyperinsulinism probably caused by diffuse pancreatic hyperplasia]. AB - A case history of a two years seven months old boy with hyperinsulinism and marked psychomotor retardation is presented. In this patient, biochemical analysis revealed persistent hypoglycemia. Basal insulin levels (RIA) were consistently superior to 10 mU/ml. and were higher than would be expected from the child's glycemias. Angiographic study of the celiac trunk revealed diffuse pancreatic enlargement. Therapy was initiated with oral diazoxide normalizing and stabilizing the patient's glycemia. The importance of an early diagnosis of this condition and the necessary biochemical analyses involved are discussed as well as the use of diazoxide in the medical treatment of hypoglycemia. PMID- 7212464 TI - [A case of Schwartz syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Authors described a case of Schwartz syndrome in a two year old child, whose rare and typical clinical picture was characterized by blepharophimosis, myopia, typical facial signs, myotonia, muscular atrophy and articular motility restriction, which microscopical analysis study was requested. PMID- 7212465 TI - [Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. Report of two cases and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of Schwartz-Jampel syndrome are reported in addition to the 30 described previously. Authors present a study on the incidence of different signs and symptoms in all cases reviewed by them and on the radiological, biochemical, electromyographic, immunological and pathologic findings of all these cases concluding that the definitive data, present in all of them, is the association of facial dysmorphia, osteomuscular dystrophy and a muscular syndrome of myotonic aspect. PMID- 7212466 TI - [A case of neonatal infection with osteomyelitis of the sternum and its partial destruction]. PMID- 7212467 TI - [Neuroblastoma with opso-cerebello-myoclonic syndrome and malformation of the posterior fossa]. PMID- 7212468 TI - [Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Nine case reports (author's transl)]. AB - Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is one of the cardiac malformations requiring early surgical correction. In our series of nine cases, 89% were under three months of age and none above six months. Clinically, two types were present: without obstruction and with obstruction to the pulmonary venous flow. In the non obstructive group, all had mild cyanosis, heart failure, cardiomegaly and systolic murmur. In the obstructive group, they had severe cyanosis, heart failure, small heart and pulmonary fields with a "ground glass" or mottled appearance on chest X-ray due to hypertension and edema. The second heart found was split in both groups. An increased right sided O2 saturation and pulmonary hypertension are due to the total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the right atrium. Right atrium pressures were superior than left atrium pressures in two patients, requiring atrioseptostomy in one patient. Total surgical correction was performed in three patients, with one patient surviving; this patient is well one year after operation. It is noteworthy in our series the early symptomatology. Symptoms begun at birth in 77% of the cases. It was striking as well the absence of cases with drainage to the right atrium or the coronary sinus. PMID- 7212470 TI - [Effect of the father's death on the life of the child]. AB - A review of seven children with parting parents, make possible to evaluate the important clinical repercussion of separation and loss within the family. A practical approach to management of these children is proposed. PMID- 7212471 TI - [Ullrich syndrome: a hypotonic disorder of early infancy, difficult to define as an entity]. AB - Three cases, a female and two males, with the diagnosis of Ullrich syndrome are presented. Major clinical findings included congenital hypotonia, joint contractures, high-arched palate, prominent calcaneus, scoliosis, hyperhidrosis and normal intelligence. The course was not progressive or even underwent slow improvement. Our cases followed the autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Muscle enzymes were all within the normal ranges. EMG showed findings that were consistent with a chronic myogenic pattern. Muscle biopsy revealed variation in the size of muscle fiber diameters and large increase of the connective tissue without evidence of dystrophic changes. We consider Ullrich syndrome as a nonspecific muscle disturbance of unexplained nature, related, but not identical, to both congenital muscular dystrophy and myogenic type of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. PMID- 7212469 TI - [Pulmonary edema associated with Pseudomonas neonatal sepsis (author's transl)]. AB - Four newborn babies at term, with massive pulmonary haemorrhage associated with fulminant septicemia due to pseudomonas, are presented. The neonates died in the first day of life. The haematocrit and the proteic contents of the pulmonary effluent showed the existence of a pulmonary lesional edema. The histological findings in the four cases support this hypothesis. A revision of the etiopathogenic possibilities of the noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in the neonate is presented. PMID- 7212473 TI - [Functional evaluation of pancreas cystic fibrosis. Correlations and value of the echocardiogram versus other methods (author's transl)]. AB - The results of a correlation of various parameters used in the functional evaluation of 12 cases of pancreas cystic fibrosis (PCF) are reported. Three clinical scores were measured by four separate observers and average score was taken. Electrocardiogram, phono, vectorcardiogram, pH, blood gases, radiology, spirometry, erythropoietin, blood counts and echocardiogram were also recorded. Each of these were correlated. In the echocardiogram (EC), right and left systolic time intervals, wall and cavity of the right ventricle and the left ventricular function were measured. Some correlations were found to have a statistical significance: the data attained from the EC, clinical score and the spirometry. However, blood count, blood gases, erythropoietin and pH were found to have no statistical significance. The EC was found to be the most accurate and sensitive method of recognising the initial stages of pulmonary hypertension in PCF; detecting its presence at as early an age as six years (on average). These results present a strong argument for the use of the EC as a vital part of each exam of PCF. PMID- 7212472 TI - [Incidence of renal involvement in Schonlein-Henoch syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - To determine the incidence of renal involvement in Schonlein-Henoch syndrome, authors enrolled in a prospective study all children admitted with this diagnoses from 1971 through 1978. They followed-up 112 patients, which represented the 2 per one thousand of the total hospital pediatric admission in the same period; 22 patients (19.6%) developed renal involvement. After two years of follow-up they observe one patient with progressive renal failure, four with minor urinary abnormalities and 17 asymptomatics. The single patient with renal failure represents the 4.5% of the patients with Schonlein-Henoch nephropathy and the 0.9% of the total affected with this syndrome. PMID- 7212475 TI - Intravenous verapamil for termination of re-entrant supraventricular tachycardias: intracardiac studies correlated with plasma verapamil concentrations. AB - We evaluated efficacy and mechanisms of the antiarrhythmic action of verapamil in 20 patients with sustained supraventricular tachycardia. Two patients had sinus nodal re-entrant tachycardia, nine atrioventricular (AV) nodal re-entrant tachycardia, and nine AV reciprocating tachycardia associated with the Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. The study design comprised a double-blind, randomized, cross-over phase using a 0.075 mg/kg dose of verapamil versus placebo and an open label phase using a 0.15 mg/kg dose of verapamil. The overall results of both phases showed that 15 of 19 patients converted to sinus rhythm with verapamil while only one of 16 converted to sinus rhythm with placebo. The effective plasma verapamil concentration measured 123 +/- 40 ng/mL (mean +/- SD). Verapamil suppressed sinus nodal and AV nodal re-entry but exerted no selective depression between fast and slow AV nodal pathways. It had no significant effect on accessory AV bypass tract but was effective in terminating AV reciprocating tachycardia by its depressive action on the AV node. PMID- 7212474 TI - Renal function during long-term treatment of hypertension with minoxidil: comparison of benign and malignant hypertension. AB - We examined the effect of long-term blood pressure control on renal function in 41 patients with refractory hypertension by using minoxidil, sympathetic suppressants, and diuretics continuously for 6 months to 7 1/2 years. In 15 of 32 patients with benign hypertension, the serum creatinine concentration increased by more than 1 mg/dL, with nine of 15 requiring hemodialysis. Analysis of 1/serum creatinine versus time plots indicated that use of minoxidil delayed the onset of end-stage renal failure in some patients for up to 6 years. In the remaining 17 patients with benign hypertension, renal function remained stable with no decreases greater than 2 mg/dL. Four of nine patients presenting with malignant hypertension had marked and sustained improvement in renal function, although three initially required hemodialysis. The mean serum creatinine concentration in these four patients fell from 9.7 to 2.9 mg/dL. Thus, impressive renal functional improvement may occur with minoxidil use in some patients with malignant hypertension. PMID- 7212476 TI - Effects of quinidine on serum digoxin concentration: a prospective study. AB - Results of studies of 15 adults placed on quinidine therapy after their serum digoxin concentrations were stabilized showed significantly increased digoxin concentrations. The average digoxin concentration before quinidine therapy was 0.75 +/- 0.28 ng/mL and after 4 days of quinidine therapy was 1.41 +/- 0.43 ng/mL. During this period, the renal clearance of digoxin decreased from 53.4 +/- 21 mL/min . 1.73 m to 35.3 +/- 12.6 mL/ min . 1.73 m. No significant correlation was found between the individual rise in serum digoxin concentrations and the rise in serum quinidine concentrations. These results suggest that serum digoxin concentration should be monitored closely for at least the first 4 days of quinidine therapy. PMID- 7212477 TI - Free thyroxine concentrations in thyroid storm. AB - Total serum thyroxine concentrations, the dialyzable fractions of total thyroxine, and absolute free thyroxine concentrations were measured in six patients with thyroid storm, in 15 patients with uncomplicated thyrotoxicosis, and in 19 normal subjects. Total thyroxine concentrations were similar in both thyrotoxic groups. However, the mean dialyzable fraction of thyroxine and the mean free thyroxine concentration was significantly higher in patients with thyroid storm than in patients with uncomplicated thyrotoxicosis (0.060 +/- 0.017% versus 0.026 +/- 0.006% and 10.9 +/- 3.8 ng/dL versus 4.7 +/- 1.4 ng/dL, respectively). These findings suggest that events precipitating thyroid storm may act with thyrotoxicosis to decrease thyroxine binding markedly and result in a sharp increase in free thyroxine concentration. These phenomena may play a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid storm. PMID- 7212478 TI - Digitoxin-quinidine interaction: pharmacokinetic evaluation. AB - The effect of quinidine on digitoxin single-dose pharmacokinetics was evaluated in five healthy adults. Blood was collected for 3 weeks, and a complete urine collection was obtained for 4 days, after a single intravenous dose of digitoxin. The protocol was conducted once while each subject was taking oral quinidine, for 3 weeks, and then repeated 10 days after discontinuing quinidine treatment. Quinidine induced the following changes in digitoxin pharmacokinetics: Elimination half-life was prolonged from 174 +/- 25 to 261 +/- 58 hours (p less than 0.02); total body clearance decreased from 1.54 +/- 0.40 to 1.09 +/- 0.31 mL/h . kg (p less than 0.05); renal clearance decreased from 0.65 +/- 0.07 to 0.46 +/- 0.17 mL/h . kg (p less than 0.05). Digitoxin volume of distribution and protein binding were unaltered by quinidine. Quinidine caused a rise in serum digitoxin levels. Digitoxin total body clearance was decreased by quinidine to an extent comparable to that reported for digoxin; however, the mechanism of the interaction with the two digitalis glycosides may, in part, be different. PMID- 7212479 TI - Increased alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and lidocaine disposition in myocardial infarction. AB - In 15 patients with confirmed myocardial infarction, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein rose significantly from 117 mg/dL at admission to 140 mg/dL at 36 hours (p less than 0.01), but not in 15 age- and sex-matched patients with chest pain only. Twelve patients were given prolonged infusions of lidocaine (2 mg/min). In patients with myocardial infarction, the rise in plasma alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration was associated with increased lidocaine binding and a rise in total lidocaine concentrations between 12 and 48 hours (p less than 0.05). Because of the binding changes, however, the rise in free drug concentration (31.2%) was significantly less than the 56.3% rise in total drug level (p less than 0.05). No changes in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein or lidocaine disposition were seen between 12 and 48 hours in the control subjects. Our results show that the rise in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein after myocardial infarction is associated with lidocaine accumulation, but increased plasma binding attenuates the rise in free drug. This suggests that the toxicologic implications of lidocaine accumulation may have been exaggerated and therapeutic monitoring of total plasma levels may be misleading. PMID- 7212480 TI - Combined idiopathic neutropenia and thrombocytopenia: evidence for an immune basis for the syndrome. AB - We report a case of combined idiopathic immune neutropenia and immune thrombocytopenia (thromboneutropenia). Therapy with prednisone was ineffective. Treatment with vincristine raised the patient's platelet count but did not increase the neutrophil count. Splenectomy led to a prompt complete remission. Using radioimmunologic techniques, we have shown both antiplatelet and antineutrophil antibodies and have shown the disappearance of these antibodies after successful treatment. PMID- 7212481 TI - Flagella on Legionnaires' disease bacteria: ultastructural observations. AB - Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies were done on five strains of flagellated Legionella pneumophila cultured for 1 to 3 days on charcoal yeast extract agar or yeast extract broth. Ultrastructurally, each strain consisted of pleomorphic, flagellated bacilli, many of which showed the typical pinching type of division as seen with other gram-negative bacteria. Most of the flagellated organisms, regardless of the strain, had a single, relatively straight or undulant polar flagellum, about 25 nm in diameter. In some instances, retraction of the bacterial cell membranes made the flagellar basal bodies (bulbs) visible when observed by transmission electron microscopy. The bulbous nature of these bodies appears to be different from the basal structures described for Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria. Long "streamers," previously observed with the light microscope, appear to be fimbriae (or pili) that have a diameter approximatley half that of the flagella and are somewhat coiled and bent at irregular intervals. PMID- 7212482 TI - Flagella on Legionnaires' disease bacteria in the human lung. PMID- 7212484 TI - The patient's role in clinical decision-making. AB - Practicing physicians must frequently make decisions about how much they wish to encourage patient participation in clinical decision-making and how to respond to rational patient demands that do not coincide with their own decisions. These are difficult ethical dilemmas with no indisputable or universal solutions. The traditional concept of the doctor-patient relationship places the patient in a passive, compliant role. The patient's only obligation is to seek competent help and cooperate with the physician. A number of factors have contributed to the continued dominance of the traditional doctor-patient imbalance of power. Despite these factors, there seems to be a great deal of public dissatisfaction with health care delivery in the United States; demands for more patient autonomy are increasing. This paper discusses the concept of mutual participation, presents an approach to encouraging patient participation in clinical decision-making, and considers its theoretical advantages. PMID- 7212483 TI - Hypouremia in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 7212485 TI - Aspects of the management of shock. AB - Shock is a state of systemic imbalance between supply and demand for oxygenated blood. We discuss here management of shock states not primarily of cardiac origin. Inadequacy or maldistribution of blood volume is important in the pathogenesis of most forms of shock. The Military Anti-Shock Trouser (MAST) suit assists the redistribution of blood from the periphery to the central circulation. Normal saline and Ringer's lactate solution may be used interchangeably for acute volume replacement. Colloid replacement requires smaller volumes but carries a higher risk of pulmonary edema, whereas crystalloid replacement requires larger volumes and leads to more systemic edema. Myocardial injury may contribute notably to the transition from reversible to irreversible shock. Naloxone, lidocaine, and indomethacin have improved survival in animal models of endotoxin shock, but proof of efficacy in humans is lacking. A role for corticosteroid administration in shock remains to be defined. Effective antibiotic therapy is the best treatment for septic shock; antisera against endotoxic antigens may develop as important adjunctive therapy. PMID- 7212487 TI - Therapy of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. AB - Major advances are being made in our understanding of the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. In the past 25 years anticoagulation, carotid endarterectomy, and antiplatelet aggregation agents, along with less well-accepted therapies, have been introduced for the management of this complex disorder. Also, noninvasive diagnostic methods have been developed for evaluating these patients. This article reviews the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and the data on the effectiveness of the various therapies advocated for its management. PMID- 7212486 TI - Acute interstitial nephritis due to drugs: Review of the literature with a report of nine cases. AB - Acute interstitial nephritis due to drugs commonly presents as acute renal failure and may be commoner than is presently realized. Drugs implicated include not only methicillin and other penicillins but also diuretics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. The mechanism of injury likely involves an immunologic disturbance, possibly a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Differential diagnosis from other causes of acute renal failure may be difficult, but coincident evidence of an acute allergic reaction may help, as may the detection of eosinophils in the urine or avid uptake of 67Ga by the kidneys. Definitive diagnosis may require renal biopsy, which will reveal normal glomeruli and a patchy but usually heavy interstitial infiltrate with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis is important, because withdrawal of the offending agent will usually result in rapid improvement in renal function, and steroid therapy may reduce residual chronic renal damage. PMID- 7212489 TI - Minoxidil and improvement of renal function in uremic malignant hypertension. PMID- 7212490 TI - Long-term effective antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 7212488 TI - An efficient strategy for managing acute respiratory illness in adults. AB - A safe, effective, and efficient clinical algorithm (management rule) for the care of adults with acute respiratory illness by nonphysician providers is presented. The algorithm was created from a data base collected on more than 5000 patients and prospectively evaluated on an additional 2637. It eliminates unhelpful diagnostic tests and minimizes physician involvement in patient care without compromising clinical standards, illness outcome, or patient satisfaction. Total direct medical care costs when the algorithm was used were approximately 40% of those costs generated by physicians managing similar patients, primarily because the algorithm directed an 80% reduction in a diagnostic test costs. The results suggest that significant savings can result when algorithms are used in the care of ambulatory patients with common illnesses. PMID- 7212493 TI - Functional bowel disorders without tears. PMID- 7212492 TI - Digoxin-quinidine interaction: current status. PMID- 7212491 TI - Looking for early cancer. PMID- 7212494 TI - Polyethylene glycol in suppositories: carcinogenic? PMID- 7212495 TI - Intravenous morphine infusions for chronic pain. PMID- 7212496 TI - Costs in Veterans Administration hospitals. PMID- 7212497 TI - Efficacy of nifedipine in rest angina refractory to propranolol and nitrates in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. AB - Nineteen patients with recurrent rest angina were given oral nifedipine. All patients had chest discomfort refractory to propranolol and oral or topical nitrates given to tolerance. The addition of nifedipine, 30 to 120 mg daily, abolished rest angina in 14 patients, decreased its frequency in two, and had no effect in three patients. Five of seven patients on long-term nifedipine (mean, 6.2 +/- 3.4 months) remained free of rest pain. Of seven patients who had their nifedipine dose decreased or discontinued, five had recurrent rest angina. Of the 19 patients, 16 had coronary angiography. Five had three- vessel obstructive disease (greater than 75% lesion), six had two-vessel obstructive disease, and five had one-vessel obstructive disease. The remaining three unstudied patients had pathologic Q waves in the ECG. Thus nifedipine appears to be an efficacious agent in the treatment of refractory rest angina in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. PMID- 7212498 TI - Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: assessment of late left ventricular dysfunction by radionuclide cineangiography. AB - Radionuclide cineangiography was used to evaluate 32 patients who sustained long term remission of soft tissue sarcoma after adjuvant therapy with a cumulative doxorubicin dose from 480 to 550 mg/m body surface area. Left ventricular ejection fraction at rest was below normal (less than 45%) in eight of 32 patients. The abnormal response of ejection fraction to exercise identified an additional 12 patients with diminished left ventricular functional reserve. Ejection fraction determined at rest or during exercise did not differ 1 to 9 months) and those studied 30 months (range, 21 to 43 months) after completing doxorubicin treatment. Sequential studies in 13 patients, done 6 to 15 months after initial post-doxorubicin evaluation also showed persistent depression of average ejection fraction at rest and with exercise, with the continued deterioration of left ventricular function in six patients. Left ventricular dysfunction, evident in over half of asymptomatic patients even long after "acceptable" cumulative doses of doxorubicin, may persist for years. PMID- 7212499 TI - Effect of progressive pressure reduction with nitroprusside on acute myocardial infarction in humans. Determination of optimal afterload. AB - The effect of nitroprusside-induced progressive systemic pressure reduction on segmental function in patients with acute myocardial infarction is unclear. In 15 patients control radionuclide angiograms were obtained at control within 24 hours of the onset of chest pain and during the administration of intravenous nitroprusside. The initial study showed a significant reduction in hemiaxial shortening in the zone of myocardial infarction. With nitroprusside, systolic pressure was decreased from a mean of 133 mm Hg to an intermediate pressure of 116 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). At this pressure central chord hemiaxial shortening increased in eight of 15 zones with an average increase from 10.1% to 27.8% (p less than 0.006). After further reduction in pressure to 87.1 mm Hg, an additional five of the seven remaining zones of acute infarction improved. However, of the eight zones that improved initially, four deteriorated at the lowest pressure. Similar changes were seen in the lateral chords. Thus, afterload reduction can improve hemiaxial shortening of the infarct zone. However, the degree of reduction in systemic pressure must be individualized to avoid adverse effects of an excessive decrease in perfusion pressure. PMID- 7212500 TI - Is embolic risk conditioned by location of deep venous thrombosis? AB - Sixty-eight patients clinically suspected of having (33), or at high risk for (35), deep venous thrombosis were studied with contrast venography, radiofibrinogen leg scanning, and impedance plethysmography as well as ventilation and perfusion lung scans. Thrombosis limited to the veins in the calf of the leg (unilateral or bilateral) was shown by venography in 12 patients. None of these patients had clinical symptoms or scan results indicating embolism. Fifteen patients had thrombosis involving proximal (thigh) as well as distal (calf) veins by venography. Eight had scan evidence of embolism, although only one was symptomatic. The combination of radiofibrinogen and impedance tests allows accurate detection of both the presence and location of deep venous thrombosis. The availability of sensitive and specific, noninvasive methods for detecting and localizing venous thrombosis, as well as the apparently low embolic risk of calf-only thrombosis may condition future approaches to prophylaxis and treatment of patients with or at high risk for deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 7212502 TI - Do borderline hypertensive patients have labile blood pressure? AB - The 24-hour patterns of ambulatory blood pressure were investigated in borderline (labile) hypertensive patients (office blood pressures fluctuating about 140/90 mm Hg). Sixty-three patients (21 normotensive, 21 borderline hypertensive, and 21 fixed hypertensive) had blood pressures recorded every 7.5 to 15 minutes using noninvasive automatic recorders. The mean 24-hour blood pressures (normotensive, 115 +/- 14/74 +/- 12 mm Hg; borderline hypertensive, 127 +/- 16/81 +/- 13 mm Hg; fixed hypertensive, 143 +/- 17/91 +/- 12 mm Hg) were significantly different from each other (p less than 0.005), but the standard deviations were not significantly different. The percentages of elevated blood pressures on the 24 hour recordings of the borderline hypertensive patients were intermediate between those of the normotensive and fixed hypertensive patients, but within the borderline group there was a broad range in percentage of elevated blood pressures (7.9% to 81.2%). Thus, borderline hypertensive patients have blood pressures no more labile than those in normotensive or fixed hypertensive patients, but because of their broad range of percentage of elevated blood pressures, their pressures are best evaluated with multiple measurements. PMID- 7212501 TI - Pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. AB - Amantadine is useful for the prevention and treatment of influenza A and for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders. We have compared the pharmacokinetics of amantadine in patients with impaired or negligible renal function to that in normal subjects. The half-life of elimination in subjects with normal renal function was 11.8 +/- 2.1 hours (range, 9.7 to 14.5 h). Eight patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance from 43.1 to 5.9 mL/min . 1.73 m2) had half-lives of elimination from 18.5 h to 33.8 days. We also studied 10 patients on thrice weekly hemodialysis. Assuming complete bioavailability of the drug, less than 5% of the dose was removed by each 4-hour hemodialysis. The mean half-life of elimination during chronic hemodialysis was 8.3 days (range, 7.0 to 10.3). We present guidelines for use of amantadine in patients with impaired renal function, including those on maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 7212503 TI - Correlation between plasma and urine glucose in diabetes. AB - To determine whether semiquantitative glucose measurements of spot urine specimens accurately reflect prevailing plasma glucose levels, we compared reported levels from 400 second-voided urines to simultaneous plasma determinations from 246 adult diabetics. Quantitative urine levels and plasma glucose levels correlated. However, when semiquantitative urinary determinations were compared to plasma glucose stratified into 0 to 149, 150 to 199, and greater than 200 mg/dL, 75% of the urine samples associated with plasma levels from 150 to 199 mg/dL were negative by Diastix, and 16.5% of samples negative by Diastix were in the 200+ mg/dL plasma range. Only 9% of samples from 0 to 149 mg/dL showed any positive Diastix readings. Because of the low sensitivity of semiquantitative methods, we fell that, except for detection of marked hyperglycemia, spot urine glucose determinations are inadequate as the sole means of clinical assessment for management of diabetic patients. Home glucose monitoring may be a better alternative for follow-up of these patients. PMID- 7212504 TI - Increased clearance of propranolol in thyrotoxicosis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of oral propranolol were studied during chronic treatment in six patients when thyrotoxic and again when euthyroid. The mean total plasma propranolol steady-state concentration was 42% lower when the patients were thyrotoxic. After treatment of thyrotoxicosis there was a fall (P less than 0.05) in the oral clearance of both total (4.2 +/- 0.6 to 2.7 +/- 0.4 L/min, mean +/- SEM) and free (30.5 +/- 4.7 to 25.5 +/- 4.1 L/min) propranolol although the half life of propranolol did not change significantly. The free fraction of propranolol was higher (p less than 0.05) in the thyrotoxic (14.2% +/- 1.3%) than in the euthyroid (11.4% +/- 0.8%) state. These results suggest that the pharmacokinetics of propranolol are significantly altered in thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7212506 TI - Cefoxitin-resistant facultative or aerobic gram-negative bacilli in infections associated with the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7212509 TI - Left ventricular function and the timing of surgical treatment in valvular heart disease. AB - The problem of when to recommend surgical treatment for valvular heart disease to avoid irreversible left ventricular damage has not been fully resolved. In aortic stenosis, left ventricular function tends to improve after aortic valve replacement even if it is markedly depressed, and operation solely to prevent irreversible left ventricular dysfunction does not seem indicated. In aortic regurgitation, left ventricular function also usually improves postoperatively if moderately depressed, but in an adult with relatively few symptoms operation should be considered when there is progressive or marked cardiomegaly with reduced systolic function. In chronic mitral regurgitation, limited studies indicate that if left ventricular size is markedly increased and the ejection fraction is even mildly reduced, left ventricular function deteriorates postoperatively; in such patients consideration of operation may be warranted even if symptoms are few. It is concluded that operative mortality and morbidity are now sufficiently low that valve replacement or repair can be considered primarily to preserve left ventricular function under certain circumstances. PMID- 7212505 TI - Legionella micdadei (Pittsburgh pneumonia agent) infection in nonimmunosuppressed patients with pneumonia. PMID- 7212507 TI - Hepatotoxicity due to treatment with verapamil. PMID- 7212508 TI - Hidden reasons some patients visit doctors. AB - Patients obviously physicians seeking medical diagnosis and treatment. Yet they also obtain medical consultation because of upsetting events, social isolation, psychiatric disorder, and desire for health information. There are four clinical situations that should lead physicians to suspect these nonbiomedical reasons for a visit, each with an area of historical inquiry that may be helpful. First, some of these patients seem unduly troubled by their symptoms. Asking them what they imagine to be causing their illness may make the visit more intelligible. Second, whenever the act of making a medical diagnosis seems unimportant, the physician should ask the patient how he had hoped the doctor might help. Third, patients who express dissatisfaction with their medical care should be questioned about this, as they may be dissatisfied because their real motivation in seeking care has not been illuminated. Fourth, patients who initiate a visit without a change in clinical status should be asked about current life stresses. PMID- 7212510 TI - Computed tomography brain scanning in alcohol withdrawal seizures. Value of the neurologic examination. AB - We evaluated the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) brain scanning in alcoholic patients with withdrawal seizures (n = 151) and other neurologic problems (n = 87) and compared the findings of a detailed neurologic examination to the results of CT scanning. In patients with seizures, nearly 50% of CT scans were normal, 34% showed generalized cerebral atrophy, and only 15% showed focal structural lesions. When focal neurologic deficits were present, 30% of CT scans showed focal structural lesions compared to 6% when such deficits were absent (p less than 0.0002). The frequency of potentially reversible lesions was 18% in patients with and 1% in patients without focal neurologic deficits (p less than 0.0002). Of patients treated surgically, 9% had focal neurologic deficits and 1% did not (p less than 0.03). Results were similar in alcoholic patients with other neurologic problems. Careful use of the neurologic examination adequately determines which patients need prompt CT scanning. In the absence of either focal deficits on neurologic examination or signs of acute head trauma, CT brain scanning does not improve the evaluation of patients with alcohol withdrawal seizures. PMID- 7212511 TI - Conflicting duties to patients: the case of a sexually active hepatitis B carrier. AB - A hemodialysis nurse who is a hepatitis B carrier insists on continuing dialysis nursing and sexual relationships but refuses to inform her lovers. The implications of her stance pose an ethical problem for her physician: whether to keep confidentiality, whereby others may be exposed to her hepatitis, or to breach confidentiality in order to limit her patient care activities and to notify her lovers. Pertinent medical and epidemiologic facts, legal opinions, and ethical considerations are discussed. We propose that the physician's responsibility to keep in immediate patient's confidences outweighs the responsibility to protect others unless there is sound evidence for very certain, severe harm to specific others. PMID- 7212512 TI - Will changing how physicians order tests reduce medical costs? PMID- 7212514 TI - Contrasts in academic consultation. PMID- 7212513 TI - Aspiration needle biopsy of the thyroid. PMID- 7212515 TI - Clinical decisions to limit treatment. PMID- 7212517 TI - Gastric carcinoma and serum pepsinogen I. PMID- 7212516 TI - Digoxin-quinidine interaction. PMID- 7212520 TI - Dialysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7212519 TI - Hemolytic reaction to a platelet concentrate. PMID- 7212521 TI - Cimetidine interaction with carbamazepine. PMID- 7212518 TI - Mitomycin C extravasation exacerbated by sunlight. PMID- 7212522 TI - Renal failure with cimetidine. PMID- 7212524 TI - Chloroquine and psoriasis. PMID- 7212523 TI - Nifedipine and Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 7212525 TI - Doxorubicin in the first trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 7212527 TI - [The fate of patients having acute delirious episodes. Catamnestic study of 74 cases]. PMID- 7212528 TI - [Research on acrocyanosis and its psychological correlates]. PMID- 7212526 TI - [Choice of symptoms in neuroses. Hysterical and obsessive-phobic neuroses]. AB - This publication is a first attempt to verify our hypothesis that symptom choice in the classical neuroses depends on a disequilibrium between assimilation and accommodation, in the Piagetian sense, of reflective thinking. Results of tests derived from classical paradoxes of Western thought, from genetic psychology and from a neuropsychological test of the habituation of the alpha-blocking response support the following hypothesis; the reflective thinking of hysterical patients appears dominated by a primacy of assimilation and that of obsessional patients by a primacy of accommodation. PMID- 7212530 TI - [Obsessive processes and anticipation]. PMID- 7212529 TI - [Behavioral and cognitive treatment of obsessions and compulsions. Results and discussion]. PMID- 7212531 TI - [From one institution to another : the transfer of mental patients]. PMID- 7212532 TI - [A comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach to cervical lymph node metastasis from unknown primary site (author's transl)]. AB - Cervical lymph nodes metastasis from unknown primary lesion are rather infrequent but constitute a specific problem. The present study reports the results obtained from a series of fifty patients treated for such lesions from 1964 to 1976. It emphasizes that a comprehensive therapeutic approach is warranted and should combine surgery and radiation on the cervical areas and irradiation of mucosae that may harbour the primary. PMID- 7212533 TI - [The surgical treatment of carcinomas of the opening of the oesophagus. Personal experience. Selection of a technique of oesophagoplasty (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the principles relating to the excision of carcinomas involving the opening of the oesophagus. They emphasize the need for low section of the oesophagus, or even total oesophagectomy by virtue of the frequent submucosal spread of the tumour process. The need for resection of this type eliminates the possibility of repair by the Bakamgian flap type and involve the need for a long intestinal segment with a difficult digestive anastomosis in the middle of the thorax if a free intestinal transplant is selected. The authors themselves carry out oesophagoplasty using the transverse colon which in common with the majority of other authors, they feel to be the technique of choice. However, on the basis of their brief experience, they wish above all to discuss the criteria of operability, rarely discussed elsewhere, and concerning spread to the membranous trachea and the possibility of perivisceral tumour spread which cannot be detected by classical techniques. They suggest the use of a prior mediatinoscopy incision in order to attempt to assess any such possible spread. PMID- 7212534 TI - [Laryngeal trauma and laryngo-tracheal rupture during road accidents. Current concepts (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review 6 cases of laryngeal trauma and 2 cases of laryngotracheal rupture which were seen after road accidents. They note that increasingly, as a result of the intervention of emergency medical ambulance teams, such injured patients are intubated at the site of the accident. Closed laryngo-tracheal rupture corresponds completely with cases described in the literature, forming a clinical picture which is a source of grave error by virtue of its latent nature. The management at the time of admission of the patient obviously is altered if intubation has already been performed, since the tube should never be removed for the purposes of clinical assessment before tracheotomy has been performed. If the patient is not intubated, the presence of respiratory distress necessitating emergency therapy reflect major lesions which therefore require surgical exploration. Rather than primary tracheotomy, the authors prefer intubation using a rigid bronchoscope which facilitates subsequent tracheotomy. PMID- 7212535 TI - [The management of allergic rhinitis (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis varies in difficulty and is based upon evaluation of all information provided essentially by clinical examination and skin test, it being essential that responses to the latter should be not only local but focal in order to be valid. With regard to laboratory examinations, in particular measurement of IgE, they offer significant confirmation in difficult cases. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems differ according to whether the problem is one of seasonal rhinitis, aperiodic rhinitis, longstanding rhinitis and forms in the child. The secret of complete cure of allergic rhinitis remains to be found. The multitude of clinical types is such that no single form of therapy may be proposed. Amongst the many solutions offered, treatment carried out by the oto-rhino-laryngologist may be effective, but an essential rule is to be satisfied with fulfilling the desires of the patient without seeking to exceed them. PMID- 7212536 TI - [Rupture of the fenestra cochleae of traumatic origin during diving with apnea (author's transl)]. AB - Value of rapid surgical exploration after ear trauma during under water diving in apnea. The concept of a post-surgical fistula was perfect from both a cochlear as well as a vestibular standpoint with maintenance of results after 2 years, under water activity having been authorized after a test in a hyperbaric chamber. PMID- 7212537 TI - [Contribution to study of plasmocytomas of the upper respiratory tract. 3 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied the solitary plasmocytoma, since it would appear to pose a triple problem: diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic. 1. From a diagnostic standpoint, histological interpretation, even by experienced histopathologists would appear to be extremely difficult since study of the course showed that in a significant number of cases a carcinoma develops, indicating that the previous diagnosis was erroneous. 2. From a prognostic standpoint, the course would appear to be extremely variable in terms of survival, this being described in both the French as well as the American literature. However, there is a wide variation in differential statistical studies with regard to mean survival periods. 3. Finally, there is a wide range of opinions concerning therapy. Certain authors adopt a surgical approach only, whilst others use radiotherapy only. Few use a combination of radiotherapy and surgery even though this would appear to be logical since it falls in line with the standard attitude of oncologists concerning solid tumours. Rather than draw any conclusions, it would appear to be desirable to follow up this study with an adequate statistical number in order to define an overall position from both a prognostic as well as therapeutic standpoint. PMID- 7212538 TI - [Ewing's papillomatosis. 3 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe 3 clinical cases of Ewing's papilloma. The first presented with unilateral epistaxis related to a tumour implanted on the nasal septum. This was widely resected under general anesthesia. Ten years later there has been no recurrence. The second case began with nasal obstruction due to the presence of Ewing's papillomatosis in the posterior part of the right nasal fossa with marked dysplastic changes leading to a wide surgical operation by lateral rhinotomy, revealing a second process, a cavernous hemangioma. Such a combination had never been described. Finally, the third case of Ewing's papilloma began with sinusitis with polyps, which were removed in a first stage, but a second wide excision was necessary as a result of recurrence. The histological and clinical characteristics of Ewing's papilloma are reviewed. PMID- 7212539 TI - [Neuroma of the larynx. One case (author's transl)]. AB - Neuroma of the larynx is an isolated nerve tissue tumour in the majority of cases. Such tumours are relatively infrequent in the ENT area, but become extremely rare with regard to a laryngeal site. The present case is reported for its statistical interest. The present case is reported for its statistical interest. From a therapeutic standpoint, the authors share the general attitude that the treatment of a solitary neuroma is surgical, but that wide excision at the outset is essential, as demonstrated by this case which revealed that limited operation proved to be inadequate and that is was finally necessary to perform a total laryngectomy, which at first sight appears to be somewhat radical for a theoretically benign tumour. PMID- 7212540 TI - [Salivary myasis (author's transl)]. AB - Myasis is due to parasitic infestation of the human body by the larvae of brachycere diptera commonly known as maggots. The particular case is described on an anecdotal basis, since the practising ENT specialist may bear the diagnosis in mind, in particular if the patient comes from an area of proximity to a breeding establishment. The interest of the present publication thus lies in the need to bear the diagnosis in mind, since the key is essentially a request for a serological examination. Treatment consists of simple and careful surgical removal of the lesions. The best treatment is prophylactic, by destruction of the insect by organic phosphorous insecticides on the skin of animals. PMID- 7212541 TI - [Malignant melanoma of the nasal fossae with a course of more than 8 years (author's transl)]. AB - Two important points are emphasized:--1 to 2% of tumours of the nasal fossae are melanomas.--40% of melanomas of the cervico-facial region are situated in the nasal fossae. This case was felt worthy of publication, its course being remarkable by virtue of its duration:--9 years. In addition, the various therapeutic procedures were not followed by the classical acute exacerbations. These enabled this patient to have a virtually normal life for an extremely long period. PMID- 7212542 TI - [Benign angiomatous pediculated tumour of the oesophagus. Treatment via endoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - A pediculated tumour of the oesophagus which was missed by radiological examination and an initial fibroscopy performed for a hiatal hernia was discovered by chance 25 centimeters from the teeth during a second fibroscopy. Histologically, this consisted of a benign polypoid angiomatous structure. The patient's anxiety made operation necessary, the latter being carried out using a rigid oesophagoscope. The benign nature of the tumour was confirmed. Both the operative procedure and post-operative course were completely satisfactory. PMID- 7212544 TI - [The conception of rhinoplasty on the basis of different skin types (author's transl)]. AB - During X Rays carried out after fractures of the nose or rhinoplasty, it has been noted that there is often absence of superimposition between bony displacement and the esthetic state of the nose. The author studies the course of this difference and draws the conclusion that it is related to an important parameter: skin type. Thus, during rhinoplasty osteo-cartilaginous resection should be adapted to different skin types, rather than the contrary. PMID- 7212546 TI - [Partial laryngectomies with difficult presentations. Apropos of the surgical treatment of laryngeal epithelial tumors]. AB - Difficult indications for certain partial laryngectomies are presented. Anatomically, the difficulties stem from the thyroid cartilage and paraglottic space in which invasion (difficult to determine), is contradictory for partial surgery. The principal objective is the cure of the laryngeal cancer all in maintaining laryngeal function. The surgeon must conserve a "minimal arytenoid unit" (the whole formed by the pharyngo-epiglottic fold, the ary-epiglottic fold, the arytenoid and the corresponding cord). Other difficulties not carcinologic are found: physical conditions, social and professional situation, and preexisting local problems (associated laryngocele or previous vocal palsy). Finally, carcinologic difficulties can be seen: the situation of the tumor, the rapidity of its evolution, anatomopathological types, presence of nodes and metastasis and previous physio and chemotherapy. PMID- 7212545 TI - [Current resources of microsurgery for the re placement of the cervical oesophagus and the hypopharynx (author's transl)]. AB - A technique of oesophago-jejunostomy in the neck is described using an isoperistaltic jejunal Y loop with added vascularisation from the internal mammary vessels via microsurgical anastomoses. This technique is used either for solely palliative purposes when the tumour is inoperable, or after oesophagectomy as a method of reconstruction of the digestive tract. An experimental study in the dog of replacement of the cervical oesophagus using a free gastric, jejunal or colonic transplant indicates the possibility of envisaging these techniques in the near future in man after circular total pharyngo-laryngectomy. The importance of these modern technique made possible by microsurgery is of two types: --value in adequate treatment of the tumour, since the resection can be extensive, the length of the graft being such that the whole of the oesophagus can be replaced; -functional value since the result is immediate and of good quality. PMID- 7212543 TI - [Five cases of pharyngeal tuberculosis seen over a period of one year (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report five cases of pharyngeal tuberculosis seen over a period of one year and which were all, with one exception, surprise histological findings. Such histological findings were not always completely specific and the diagnosis was confirmed by a strongly positive tuberculin skin reaction, pulmonary disease and, above all, the elimination of symptoms and physical signs in less than 3 weeks under the influence of specific antituberculous therapy. PMID- 7212547 TI - [Trans-tympanic aeration in mastoiditis. Study of 42 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review the diagnostic protocol of mastoiditis based upon 382 cases with 1.3% errors (histological confirmation). Up to the present time, mastoidectomy was the only treatment which could be envisaged. In a new series of 90 cases, 48 constituted the control group and 42 the study group, trans-tympanic drains were inserted routinely in the latter. It was thus possible to avoid mastoidectomy in 62% of cases in the study group (evaluation based upon the number of ears). The period of postoperative observation was on average 8 months. No complications related to the drain were seen. Up to the present time, there exist no precise criteria which may be used to decide between insertion of a drain or mastoidectomy from the outset. Insertion of a drain must thus be considered as a therapeutic test, justified by its harmlessness and simplicity. PMID- 7212549 TI - [Oesophageal strictures after surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Oesophageal strictures after surgery of all kinds on the oesophagus are the unusual but still relatively frequent. The underlying pathogenetic cause is peptic disease. The diagnosis is made by conventional rigid oesophagoscopy which also allows the stricture to be gauged and dilatation treatment to be starded. This dilatation constitutes the main basis of treatment. The surgical cure of the reflux from the stomach increase the efficacity of these dilatations, which should be done immediately after the postoperative period and continued for a long time. This procedure has allowed patients with gastrostomies, thought to be forever, to be closed. The case of strictures after oesophageal surgery is more complex. The etiological causes are varied. The strictures may be associated with and need to be distinguished from kinds and disorders of motility. They may be due to the original disease which continues to progress, or to the surgical technique. Curative treatment is always difficult. The solution is to prevent complications by discussion between the laryngologist and the surgeon before operation. PMID- 7212550 TI - [Treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis. Clinical and biological results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212551 TI - [Xylose test. Correlation with small bowel histology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212548 TI - [The treatment by radiotherapy only of carcinomas of the margin of the larynx. Experience of the Institut Gustave-Roussy. 161 cases (author's transl)]. AB - From 1955 to 1970, 161 squamous cell carcinomas of the epilarynx were treated at Institut Gustave-Roussy by radiation therapy alone. Most part of the patients were referred to radiotherapy for local extensions (21 cases), or medically poor conditions (73) forbiding surgery. Only 50 cases were really suitable to radiation therapy. Results are poor. 30% at 3 years, 15% at 5 years. Analysis of different groups (indications, size, of the tumor, nodes, mobility), gives a better appreciation of the possibility of radiation therapy. The results are in agreement with literature. Application of combination of surgery and radiotherapy permitted by improvement of anesthesia is probably better in same cases, but many of the patients with epilarynx are in so poor conditions, that besides patient suitable to radiation therapy (bulky tumors, type of epiglottis with normal mobility) many of the patients are in too poor conditions to receive surgery. PMID- 7212553 TI - [Epididymitis in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212552 TI - [Treatment of high urinary xanthine excretion with increased amounts of allopurinol and with urate oxidase in a child with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212555 TI - [Long-term diazoxide therapy in recurrent leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212554 TI - [Hypoplasia of depressor anguli oris muscle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212557 TI - [Mycobacterium ulcerans skin ulcers (or Buruli ulcers) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212559 TI - [Acquired genu recurvatum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212556 TI - [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: three clinical manifestations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212558 TI - [12 p trisomy. A new case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212560 TI - [Injectable preparations of sodium nitroprusside. Galenical and analytical development (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212561 TI - [Action of ethylene oxide on plastic materials, silicones and rubbers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212563 TI - [Microbiological quality control of different samples of Mentha piperita (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212562 TI - [An additional contribution to the modification of colour vision (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212564 TI - [Pyrazolidine-diones. I. Synthesis of benzylmalonyl and aryl cyclopropyl dihydrazides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212566 TI - [3-Aminoquinuclidine carbamates, ureas, thio-ureas derivatives with potential parasiticidal activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212567 TI - [Mercurimetric determination of isothiocyanic esters. Application to allylsenevol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212568 TI - [Effect of tienilic acid on pancreatic and biliary secretion in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212565 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological property of some 4-(4-phenylpiperazin-1 yl)pyridine-3-sulfonamides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212569 TI - [Biomimetic synthesis of complex natural molecules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212570 TI - [Physico-chemical study of hydrophilic solid dispersions of phenobarbital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212571 TI - [Pyrazolidine-diones. II. Synthesis of benzylidene, of benzyl pyrazolidine-3,5 diones and 4-spiro cyclopropyl pyrazolidine-3,5-diones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212572 TI - [Simultaneous quantification of 4-hydroxy-3 methoxy phenylacetic acid and 4 hydroxy-3-methoxy mandelic acid in human plasma by mass fragmentography using deuterium-labelled internal standards (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212574 TI - Simple method for 60-degree Z-plasty. AB - The 60-degree two-flap Z-plasty is extremely useful and versatile. Its success depends upon accurate construction of the flaps. In the past, the intraoperative measurements required have been either quite involved or quite inaccurate. We present a simple but accurate method for planning the 60-degree two-flap Z plasty. PMID- 7212573 TI - The treatment of Dupuytren's contracture with flexor tendon sheath involvement the sliding volar flap. AB - When the flexor tendon sheath must be opened to release a Dupuytren's contracture of the finger, one is sometimes left with an exposed flexor tendon. If the initial incisions in the finger are made to create a proximally based flap, adequate skin is left to cover the defect in the flexor tendon sheath and a split thickness skin graft can be placed distally where the sheath has not been violated. PMID- 7212575 TI - The tensor fascia lata V-Y retroposition flap. AB - The design of the tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap can be modified, allowing its use as a V-Y retroposition flap for treatment of trochanteric pressure ulcers. This technique eliminates the rotation point, puts the thickest portion of the flap over the defect, and obviates the need for skin grafts. It has been successfully employed to treat 11 trochanteric pressure ulcers in 10 patients in the past two years. PMID- 7212576 TI - Two new methods for treating baldness: temporo-parieto-occipito-parietal pedicled flap and temporo-parieto-occipital free flap. AB - We present two new flaps, a pedicled one and a free one, for the treatment of baldness. The aim of these procedures is to have the hair lying forward at the frontal region, thus providing a more natural appearance and concealing the anterior pilous implant line. PMID- 7212577 TI - The evolution of ophthalmic sutures. PMID- 7212579 TI - Two cases of orbital dystopia: Tessier III cleft and craniofacial osteomas. AB - Two cases of orbital dystopia are reported. One was caused by a Tessier III cleft and was treated by cranio-facial osteotomies of three walls of the orbit, allowing the left to be moved upward. The second involved multiple craniofacial osteomas and was treated by extractional osteotomies of four walls of the orbit including a transverse split of the roof. These osteotomies were entirely extramucosal. PMID- 7212578 TI - Categorization of craniofacial deformities based on our experience with surgical manipulation. AB - A wide variety of deformities are seen by the craniofacial team. To facilitate the coding and retrieval of data collected, a system has been devised in which an attempt is made to transfer different clinical problems into units which can be processed more efficiently and encoded more exactly. The different surgical manipulations used form the basis of this system. Careful forethought and understanding are prerequisite for the utilization of this system by the craniofacial team. PMID- 7212580 TI - One-stage arterialized nasolabial island flap for floor of mouth reconstruction. AB - A one-stage nasolabial island flap isolated on the facial artery and vein is described for floor of mouth reconstruction. The donor site is closed primarily. The advantages of the procedure are that the one-stage procedure obviates the need for division and inset of a distant flap, the arterialized flap brings its own blood supply to the irradiated area; the donor site in elderly patients provides a large amount of redundant skin, which stretches easily across the midline or to the roof of the palate; and the donor defect is cosmetically acceptable. A disadvantage is that the procedure yields transient upper lip palsy and drooling that persists for several weeks. PMID- 7212581 TI - Early overseas programs of the Educational Foundation. PMID- 7212583 TI - Present value of conventional X-ray examination in pituitary microadenomas in childhood: relation with CT. PMID- 7212582 TI - Ioxaglate as contrast medium in pediatric urography. PMID- 7212584 TI - Manometry and barium enema in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. PMID- 7212585 TI - An ultrasound study of portal hypertension in children. PMID- 7212586 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in biliary ducts dilatation in children. PMID- 7212588 TI - Hypospadias before and after repair: a radiological evaluation. PMID- 7212587 TI - Unilateral "enlarged kidney" in the neonate: ultrasonographic approach to the diagnosis. PMID- 7212590 TI - Comparative study of angiography, computerized tomography and ultrasound in abdominal tumors of children. PMID- 7212589 TI - Posterior urethral valves presenting as an abdominal mass lesion due to perirenal urinoma. PMID- 7212592 TI - Metrizamide in paediatric angiocardiography. PMID- 7212591 TI - The ultrasonic appearances of intra-abdominal haematomas. PMID- 7212593 TI - [The normal mitral valve. Anatomical and physiological data (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212594 TI - [Electrocardiogram and idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212595 TI - [Echocardiography in prolapse of mitral valves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212596 TI - [Contribution of 2D-echo Doppler for diagnosing regurgitation in mitral valve prolapse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212597 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212598 TI - [Comparison of various methods of diagnosis of prolapse of the mitral valve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212600 TI - [Prolapse of the mitral valve. Clinical study and mechanograms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212599 TI - [Idiopathic mitral valvular prolapse. Prognosis and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212601 TI - Histological study of glutaraldehyde-processed vascular grafts of biological origin. AB - A total of 90 grafts of 100 mm in length was inserted as arterial and shunt conduits in 31 mongrel dogs. Histological changes before and after implantation were evaluated. Sections were stained with van Gieson, haematoxylin eosin and Wiegert's method for elastic fibres, and studied with light microscopy. Twenty five of the 42 cases studied showed classic signs of rejection around the graft, the strongest immunological response being seen in the fresh vein grafts. Glutaraldehyde pre-treatment diminished this reaction but it was still clearly visible in 13 of the 21 cases. Of the fourteen human umbilical vein grafts tanned with glutaraldehyde and used either as shunts or bypass grafts, seven showed only slight or moderate reaction and in seven cases no clear sign of rejection could be seen. The absence of intimal hyperplasia with this type of graft also showed its superiority over that of the human "non-umbilical" vein grafts. The problem in all the groups was the anastomotic area, where fibrous hyperplasia developed. The graft structure seemed to be well-preserved during the follow-up period of 6.0 months. PMID- 7212602 TI - Postoperative wound infections--a prospective study in a newly opened hospital. AB - The rate of postoperative wound infections was determined in a prospective study during one year in a newly opened University hospital. Protocols which were part of the routine care of the patients were used for recording of wound infections. This method of registration was simple and proved to be efficient with a failure rate of only 1%. The overall infection rate was 9%--after clean surgery 2.6%, potentially contaminated surgery 14% and contaminated surgery 16%. Old age, long preoperative hospital stay, emergency operations and long operative times were associated with high frequency of wound infections. The importance of continuous recording of wound infections in a surgical unit was emphasized. PMID- 7212603 TI - Clinical significance of adenomyosis. AB - During the years 1968--1972, 903 patients with endometriosis were operated on in the Turku University Central Hospital, of whom 136 were found to have adenomyosis (endometriosis interna). The diagnosis of adenomyosis was usually made post operatively from following examination of uterus; only 15% were suspected to have adenomyosis preoperatively. 24% of the patients also had external endometriosis. The symptoms and the clinical finding were analysed, but the results were quite unclear and were often easier to explain in terms of other simultaneous diseases or of menopausal disturbances. Adenomyosis, unlike external endometriosis, did not cause sterility. A study of the aetiology showed that only 6% had had no pregnancies. Adenomyosis is a benign disease with little clinical significance. Its symptoms are unclear and it is usually underdiagnosed, but it may actually appear in more than 50% of parous women over the age of 40. In this study, the only aetiology of adenomyosis appeared to be pregnancy and/or delivery. Finally it is suggested that adenomyosis may be a more or less physiological finding in parous women, with the highest frequency of occurrence in the female population over the age 30 years when childbearing is generally over. PMID- 7212604 TI - Oestrogen determinations in urine from pregnant women: a review of six years' quality assessment in the United Kingdom. AB - Since 1974 laboratory performance in the estimation of oestrogens in urine from pregnant women has been assessed in about 150 laboratories by analysis, at intervals of three weeks, of samples of freeze-dried urine. An index of discrimination, delta (= 2.7 SD derived from results reported on six pairs of duplicates), was calculated for each participant laboratory to provide a measure of between-batch precision. There has been a gradual improvement in laboratory performance assessed in this way. Initially, only 45% of the participants were able to discriminate between two 24-hour urine samples, differing in oestrogen by at least 20 mumol, when analyses were performed on different days. In the final period ending March 1980, 61% of participants achieved this standard. PMID- 7212606 TI - Units for reporting the results of toxicological measurements. AB - A survey of hospital laboratories and current literature revealed that there is a considerable diversity of units employed for reporting the results of toxicological assays. Consideration is given to some of the problems and difficulties that arise from the use of SI units for reporting drug analyses, resulting from a lack of uniformity. PMID- 7212605 TI - Calibrant solutions for continuous-flow urate analysis: interference by formaldehyde. AB - The use of formaldehyde to preserve aqueous urate calibration solutions has been recommended since 1913, but it interferes in some commonly used methods. At a pH below 8.5 formaldehyde affects the rate of dialysis of urate in Technicon AutoAnalyzer systems. This effect has been studied by variation of the pH at which dialysis takes place. The interference is attributed to the formation of pH dependent addition products between uric acid and formaldehyde, which have been examined by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. Recovery experiments on protein-containing solutions show that a purely aqueous urate calibrant solution is satisfactory for use in AutoAnalyzer systems. PMID- 7212607 TI - A single reagent radioimmunoassay method for serum thyroxine. PMID- 7212608 TI - Head and neck surgery--the state of the art. PMID- 7212609 TI - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: epidemiology, histopathology and aetiology. AB - The highest incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (around 20 per 100,000 per year) is found in Chinese populations in many countries. Elevated rates (5--15) are found in Eskimos, and in several racial groups in South-East Asia. The incidence rates in Malta and in some parts of Northern Africa are also moderately elevated. The incidence rates are low (less than 1) in virtually all other parts of the world. In Singapore, the incidence rates are high in Chinese (18.4), intermediate in Malays (4.7) and low in Indians (less than 1). Among the various Chinese communities, the incidence rates in Cantonese (29.1 and 11.0 for males and females respectively) are significantly higher than those in Hokkiens (14.1 and 4.7), Teochews (18.3 and 6.2), Hainanese (14.2 and 3.3) and Hakkas (12.6 and 4.8). The tumour has a male preponderance (2--3 times) and a peak incidence in the 5th and 6th decades. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the commonest form of nasopharyngeal cancer in man. All histological types of NPC have consistently shown ultrastructural evidence of squamous differentiation and may be regarded as variants of a homogeneous group of tumours. The development of the neoplasm is attributable to the action of environmental factors in genetically susceptible persons. There is growing evidence that nitrosamine compounds and the Epstein Barr virus may be involved in the aetiology of this neoplasm. PMID- 7212610 TI - Immunogenetics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma--position in 1980. AB - The HLA profile of 313 newly diagnosed Chinese NPC patients was compared to that of 330 normal Chinese subjects. A2 Bw46 and Aw19/B B17 were associated with increase risks of developing NPC whereas A11 was associated with a decreased risk. A2 Bw46 was confined to older onset patients whereas Aw19/B B17 was associated with NPC patients of all ages but particularly with younger patients. The Aw19/B B17 haplotypes was also associated with poor survival. A DR blank was strongly associated with NPC giving a relative risk of 26.5. In Malay NPC the HLA associations were Aw19/B B17 and A9 B18 and in Kadazan NPC, the association was with A9. Possible mechanisms of the HLA association were discussed. PMID- 7212612 TI - The solitary thyroid nodule. AB - 213 clinically solitary nodules were analysed. Their clinical pattern, diagnostic problems, pathological varieties and surgical management have been assessed. 9.9% of the nodules were malignant in this series. PMID- 7212611 TI - Major salivary gland tumours. AB - Forty-one major salivary gland tumours and tumour-like glandular enlargements are reviewed. In nine patients the swellings could not be differentiated from a true neoplasm. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these patients are discussed. The clinical features, diagnostic and surgical management of 31 salivary neoplasms involving the parotid and submandibular glands are correlated with their histological features. PMID- 7212613 TI - Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus. AB - From 1964 to 1979 a total of 1,702 patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus were admitted into the University Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. Among these the tumour was situated at the hypopharynx in 112 cases and at the cervical oesophagus in 36 cases. The treatment of choice for resectable tumours of these sites was pharyngo-laryngo-oesophagectomy (81 cases). Reconstruction with pharyngo-gastric anastomosis was preferred (76 cases). Other methods of reconstruction were indicated only when the stomach had been resected previously. Although the hospital mortality after pharyngo-laryngo-oesophagectomy was 31% this was the only means by which a long term survival could be achieved. Occasionally even when the trachea was infiltrated by tumour, salvage could be attempted by including the posterior wall of the trachea in the resection and repairing with an in-turned delto-pectoral flap. Although the actuarial survival of patients after pharyngo-laryngo-oesophagectomy was only 9%, all the patients who survived the operation were relieved of their distressing symptom of dysphagia. PMID- 7212614 TI - Reconstruction of cheek and buccal mucosa with latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. AB - This paper reports the experience of the author in the use of the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of the cheek defect following tumour ablation. The advantages of this flap are its improved vascularity, bulk, and greater length which enable resurfacing of both surfaces of the cheek with the use of a single flap. PMID- 7212615 TI - Radiotherapy in treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AB - Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is one of the most prevalent malignancies treated by radiotherapy in Singapore. Planning of the radiation fields for this condition is difficult because of the proximity of anatomical structures that are vulnerable to irradiation, such as the eyes, brain stem and cervical cord. However, the treatment results have shown progressive improvement. The treatment technique currently used utilized cobalt as well as caesium teletherapy units. Of the 104 cases treated in 1970 using this technique, the overall absolute 5 years survival rate with no evidence of disease is 30.8%. For Stage I cases, the rate is 62.5%. The prognosis is significantly better for the female than the male and is also related to age. PMID- 7212617 TI - The surgery of cranial arteriovenous malformations. AB - Arteriovenous malformations are a common cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage in Singapore because of its relatively young population. This series comprises 86 patients with cranial AVM's all of whom were treated by excisional surgery. 79 of these patients had cerebral lesions and 76 of these presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage. The techniques employed in surgical excision of these lesions are described and the results of other therapeutic techniques evaluated. To date, surgical excision appears to be the safest and only proven method of treatment. This view is strengthened by an operative mortality of under 4% in this series. PMID- 7212616 TI - Cryosurgery of the oral region. AB - Cryosurgery of the oral region finds special application to the management of haemangiomas and leukoplakias together with certain carcinomas. Cryosurgery of bone and nerve in the region gives promise of a method which could avoid the need for excisional surgery in certain instances. PMID- 7212618 TI - Free revascularised muscle grafts reinnervated by cross facial nerve grafts. AB - In an attempt to restore more normal voluntary and involuntary movement to the paralysed face, free revascularised muscle grafts were inserted in 7 patients, all of whom had a non-functioning perioral and lower cheek musculature on one side. This procedure was preceded by a cross facial nerve graft in order to supply the nerve fibres to the graft as soon after its insertion as possible. The clinical and electromyographical results are discussed and together have provided sufficient evidence to indicate that the technique works effectively. PMID- 7212619 TI - Reconstructive middle-ear surgery for chronic otitis media. AB - Chronic otitis media can be divided into the non-cholesteatomatous ears and the cholesteatomatous ears. The non-cholesteatomatous ears are most suitable for reconstructive middle ear surgery and the majority of the patients can expect a dry trouble-free ear with good hearing after the operation. Surgery for the cholesteatomatous ear is not only difficult but must be exact as residual disease can lead to fatal intra-cranial complications. Unlike the non-cholesteatomatous ears, not all cholesteatomatous ears are suitable for tympanic reconstruction. In both types of ears, eradication of disease takes priority and precedes tympanic reconstruction. Basically, tympanic reconstruction consists of repair of the tympanic membrane defect or myringoplasty and repair of the ossicular defect or ossiculoplasty. A scheme or surgical management for chronic otitis media is outlined. Between May 1977 and October 1979, 165 cases were seen by the author in the ENT Department, Singapore General Hospital and operated in accordance with this scheme of management and the results are analysed. PMID- 7212620 TI - The pattern of maxillo-facial injuries in Singapore. AB - This is a study of 1,404 patients with maxillo-facial injuries treated at the Dental Clinic, Singapore General Hospital during the period January 1977 to December 1979. The significant features in the pattern of injuries in this group of patients are: 1. the commonest causes of maxillo-facial injuries are falls from height and automobile accidents. 2. the age group most affected is 0 to 39 years. 3. a high incidence in males (72.2%). The various modalities of treatment are also reviewed. Recent trends in the management of complex maxillo-facial fractures have significantly reduced the period of hospitalisation. PMID- 7212621 TI - Central haemangioma of the mandible. AB - The literature on central haemangioma of the jaws has been extensively reviewed. The clinical and radiographic features of central haemangiomas of the jaws and the problems in diagnostic and various modalities of treatment of this lesion are discussed. Central haemangioma of the jaws is rare. Up till 1975, only 53 cases have been reported in the literature. A classical case of central haemangioma of the mandible is presented to illustrate the features of this uncommon disease. PMID- 7212622 TI - Two tumours of the carotid bifurcation. AB - Two cases of tumours of the carotid bifurcation are reported here with the objective of outlining a rational approach to their management. A review of the literature confirms that the bad results of surgical treatment are largely due to jeopardization of the carotid circulation at the time of operation. Carotid angiography is therefore essential not only to confirm the anatomical diagnosis but also to provide an indication of the adequacy of the carotid circulation. It is a sine qua non for rational operative decisions which form the basis of safe excisional surgery of these tumours. PMID- 7212624 TI - Treatment of genital warts by cryosurgery--a follow-up study. AB - This is a follow-up study involving 50 patients who were treated as outpatients for genital warts using cryosurgery. Single and multiple lesions involving the vulva, vagina and cervix were treated. A cryoprobe cooled to minus 70 degrees centigrade by liquid carbon dioxide and applied to the lesion for 2 1/2 to 3 minutes was used in the treatment. Nine pregnant patients in this study treated with cryosurgery did not experience any adverse effects on their pregnancies. There were no adverse side effects noted among the rest of the patients. All the patients with single wart were treated successfully with cryosurgery whereas those with multiple lesions were successfully treated in only 82 per cent of the patients. Four patients did not respond to treatment. Recurrence after cryosurgery within 3 months of therapy was noted in 2 patients. In conclusion, the treatment of genital warts by cryosurgery was found to be a safe and effect procedure. PMID- 7212623 TI - Neurilemmoma of the vagus nerve. AB - A case of neurilemmoma of the cervical portion of the vagus nerve is reported to illustrate its common presentation as a lateral neck swelling often mistaken for more common neck lesions. Recognition of its vagal origin, followed by careful meticulous surgery is imperative for preservation of ipsilateral vocal cord mobility. PMID- 7212625 TI - Gluten enteropathy occurring in chronic hepatitis. AB - Steatorrhoea and subtotal villus atrophy due to gluten enteropathy was found to occur in a 27 year old female, who had histologically proven chronic active hepatitis six years ago. She had abnormal elevation of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA, decreased level of complement C4 and a positive test for HLA-B8. The SGOT was persistently mildly elevated, but her latest liver biopsy (6 years after onset) showed only changes of chronic persistent hepatitis. She had good symptomatic and histological (jejunal biopsy) improvement with gluten-free diet. PMID- 7212626 TI - Lipid peroxidation and pulmonary hyaline membranes of the newborn: a histochemical, fluorescent microscopic and ultrastructural study. AB - Representative portions of lung from 17 newborn infants with hyaline membrane disease were studied. The consistent findings in the hyaline membranes of Schiff's positivity requiring periodic acid pretreatment, their autofluorescence between 350 and 400 nm, and the granular ultrastructure of the membrane matrix provided morphologic evidence for lipid peroxidation's having occurred in association with the genesis of pulmonary hyaline membranes of the newborn. PMID- 7212627 TI - Thyroid scanning of the patient with history of childhood irradiation. AB - The utilization of external radiation for the treatment of benign conditions of the head and neck is no longer employed because of the discovered association of local irradiation with the development of thyroidal cancer. This practice was widespread until two or three decades ago. It is also known that there is a very long latent period between previous radiation and the development of thyroid cancer. In consequence, a substantial number of persons can be expected to develop thyroidal malignancy each year until the turn of the millenium, and even later. If this association is real, then early diagnosis is especially important because of the excellent therapeutic results that can be obtained with early diagnosis. Physical examination performed on a regular basis is the most important single diagnostic aid. A statistically significant improvement in sensitivity is obtained when palpation is performed in conjunction with radioisotopic thyroid scanning. The scan helps by identifying areas of abnormality and--even more importantly--by allowing distinction of those nodules which are hypofunctioning and thus more likely to be malignant. PMID- 7212629 TI - Measurement of gentamicin by radioimmunoassay. AB - A sensitive, specific and precise procedure for the measurement of serum gentamicin by radioimmunoassay is presented. The method is rapid, convenient, and highly reliable for this very important measurement. Studies designed to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of the assay are presented and discussed. PMID- 7212628 TI - Recovery of an erythropoietin inducing factor from the regenerating rat liver. AB - The perfusion of livers of partially hepatectomized (H mean) rats lends support to earlier findings that the regenerating rat liver is the source of an erythropoietin-inducing hepatic factor (Ep-IHF) which stimulates hepatic production of extrarenal erythropoietin (Ep). Blood plasma was collected from perfused livers of rats that were partially hepatectomized (H mean) 48 to 72 hrs prior to perfusion with whole blood from normal rats. This plasma, when injected into normal rats which were nephrectomized (N mean) and rendered hypoxic 18 hrs after injection, evoked a significant increase in Ep values when compared to blood plasma collected from perfused livers of normal rats. Ep values were significantly higher when regenerating livers were perfused with blood collected from nephrectomized (N mean) rats than when such livers were perfused with blood of normal rats. The highest Ep values resulting from the liver perfusions were obtained when the liver donor and blood donor rats were both H mean and N mean. The results demonstrate that the liver is the principal source of an Ep-inducing factor since perfusion of the liver eliminated other potential tissue sources of activity in the rat. This was achieved by perfusing the livers directly through the portal vein and collecting the perfusate from the hepatic vein, thereby eliminating potential contributions from organs draining into other parts of the systemic circulation. In addition, it was shown that the kidney inhibits the activity and/or production of the Ep-IHF which is evoked by H mean. PMID- 7212630 TI - A comparison of some biologic characteristics of isolates of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. AB - The ability of three isolates of serogroup 1 and one isolate of serogroup 4 of Legionnaires' disease bacterium (LDB) to infect and cause fever and death in guinea pigs was studied, as well as their ability to produce plaques in cultured primary chick embryo cells. The serogroup 4 isolate originally was recovered from cord clot and placental tissue from a healthy mother following delivery of a normal child. The effects on LDB of prolonged cultivation on supplemented Mueller Hinton (MH) agar medium and of subsequent cultivation in yolk sacs of chick embryos were examined. Prolonged cultivation of LDB on MH medium resulted in great loss of ability to produce plaques and to cause fever and death in guinea pigs. Subsequent passage in embryonated eggs of MH-adapted LDB tended to restore ability to produce plaques and to cause infection and illness in guinea pigs. Fatty acid composition profiles of the four strains were similar to each other. PMID- 7212631 TI - Evaluation of methods for measurement of steroid hormone receptors. AB - Several factors affecting estrogen receptor assays have been investigated. Pools of rabbit uterus cytosol and human tumor cytosol were utilized to minimize sampling error. Optimum concentration of diethylstilbestrol was found to be 1000 times the highest labeled ligand concentration. Dithiothreitol (DTT) and ionic strength had no effect on receptor value in human tumor cytosols. Optimum pH for estrogen receptor assay is 7.78. PMID- 7212632 TI - Abstracts of scientific papers: Swansea Conference on Nickel Toxicology. PMID- 7212633 TI - [Sex differentiation and its anomalies. Montpellier, 2 July 1979. Symposium]. PMID- 7212634 TI - The identification of testis-organizing H-Y antigen of man as hydrophobic polymers of a M.W. 18,000 subunit. AB - Mammalian testicular organogenesis initiated by male specific but ubiquitously expressed H-Y antigen can serve as the model of all other organogenesis. However, in order to understand the precise organizational role this plasma membrane antigen plays, it is essential to characterize H-Y antigen as a distinct molecular entity which would be extremely difficult if we have to deal directly with native H-Y antigen residing on the plasma membrane. Fortunately, we have previously found that in the mutational absence of H-Y antigen's proposed anchorage site, B2m (-), HLA (-) Daudi human male Burkitt lymphoma cells are incapable of stably maintaining H-Y antigen on their plasma membrane. B2m (-), HLA (-) Daudi human male Burkitt lymphoma cells excreted a group of several proteins that shared the three distinctive characteristics in common; their extreme hydrophobicity, their tendency beyond saturation to form irreversibly water insoluble aggregates by extensive interchain disulfide bridges, and their conspicuously slower turn over rates compared to other Daudi excreted proteins. After disruption of disulfide bridges, proteins of this group were resolved into at least seven distinct subunits of different molecular weights. M.W. 18,000 subunit of testis-organizing H-Y antigen was the smallest of the above. At the saturation, 0.7 to 0.9 microgram/ml of solubilized H-Y antigen uniformly assumed the form of very large aggregates of M.W. greater than 280,000. In more dilute solutions, however, the existence in much smaller trimeric and tetrameric forms of H-Y antigen was indicated. As these irreversibly water insoluble precipitates still retained H-Y antigenic determinants, they can be used in the future for the purification of H-Y antibody. When bound specifically to H-Y receptor sites residing on the plasma membrane of BFO cells, polymeric Daudi H-Y antigen apparently underwent the depolymerization process, thus, yielding the monomeric form of M.W. 18,000. It is likely that these six or more Daudi excreted proteins that shared the three distinct characteristics with testis-organizing H-Y antigen are also involved in various specific organogenesis. PMID- 7212635 TI - Some insights into X chromosome inactivation from studies of human cells. AB - The inactivation of all but one X chromosome in the somatic cells of mammalian females in an important mechanism for regulating X chromosomal genes. Although the molecular basis for the single active X remains to be elucidated, recent studies have provided some insights. Inactivation occurs about the time of implantation, at least in mouse embryos. On the other hand, germ cells from human embryos have two active X chromosomes and may never be subjected to inactivation. As a consequence of X inactivation, one X chromosome becomes the sole determinant of X specified characteristics of the cell, resulting in cellular mosaicism. Transfer of gene products between cells occurs via gap junctions and by pinocytosis so that in heterozygotes carrying X linked mutations, the mutant phenotype may be masked by the presence of cells or normal type. There is considerable evidence that inactivation in the embryo is random with respect to parental origin of the X chromosome, but that selection occurs subsequently, and may lead to elimination of a whole population of cells in the female. Although there is evidence for preferential inactivation of the paternal X in extra embryonic membranes of rodents, studies in human embryos have not been confirmatory. Analysis of clonal populations from heterozygotes for X chromosome mutations have been used to determine whether a whole X chromosome is inactive or only parts thereof. Individuals with multiple X chromosomes often manifest somatic abnormalities as well as gonadal ones. There is recent evidence that some loci on the short arm may escape inactivation. X inactivation in diploid human cells has been shown to be a very stable process. The silent X, once inactivated, maintains inactivity despite attempts to turn it on. Our recent studies of enzyme activity in cells from a human triploid abortus (69, XXY) with two active chromosomes indicates that the "active chromosomes" are also stably maintained. The presence of two active chromosomes in triploid cells implicates the autosomes in the regulation of X chromosome activity. PMID- 7212638 TI - Shape-invariant modelling of human growth. AB - A new approach to modelling human height growth is presented which is also suitable for other variables. In a mathematical algorithm, some guess about the functional form of this growth process is improved consistently using the data; the resulting shape-invariant model (SIM) allows an approximately bias-free fitting for longitudinal data from 1 to 20 years with six parameters assigned to each individual. The SIM approach and the use of velocities rather than distances proved to be suitable for biomathematical modelling in order to answer questions qualitative in nature. In comparison of an additive two-component SIM and one where the appearance of puberty inhibits further growth of the non-pubertal component ('switch-off model'), the latter proved to be superior in various aspects. Among the qualitative features found are notable: a pronounced midspurt, and a dip before the onset of puberty, as well as the asymmetry of the pubertal peak. A preliminary analysis of individual parameters confirmed some results found previously by other methods regarding sex differences and relations between parameters and with adult height. PMID- 7212637 TI - [Human sex skin fibroblast cultures : a useful tool for diagnosis of male pseudohermaphroditism due to target organ unresponsiveness to androgens (author's transl)]. AB - Sex skin fibroblast cultures were reported to constitute a fair model for studying male pseudohermaphroditism (MPH) due to target organ unresponsiveness to androgens. Using this technique, we made the diagnosis of MPH due to steroid 5 alpha-reductase deficiency, complete or partial androgen insensitivity. This technique gave the opportunity to describe an unstable form of 5 alpha-reductase and a thermolability of androgen receptors responsible for MPH. This method permitted a better understanding of disorders of male sex differentiation. PMID- 7212636 TI - [Origin and sites of action of inhibin (author's transl)]. AB - Mice testis in organ culture (31 degrees C) produce a steroid free substance which inhibits FSH secretion by rat pituitary cells. Histologically, Sterloti cells alone remain normal after a few days in culture. A hypothalamic action of inhibin is demonstrated in vitro. The intraglandular content in LHRH is inversely related to the amount of inhibin present in the culture medium. In the testis, DNA synthesis is depended of inhibin. This is demonstrated by studies of the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in testicular DNA in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, inhibin is produced by Sertoli cells and acts not only at this pituitary level but also on the hypothalamus and the testis. PMID- 7212639 TI - Classification of dermal patterns on the proximal sole. AB - A classification formula which includes all true patterns on the proximal sole and is based on topological principles is presented. The frequencies of all respective pattern elements were obtained from a sample of 219 healthy individuals of Croatian origin (116 males and 103 females) and all the formulae (total patterns) encountered in this sample are listed in a dictionary form. Examples of the whole configurations are also given and the applications of the topological formula, combining all patterns on the plantar surface, in studies of normal or abnormal variation of a system of parallel ridges, are indicated. PMID- 7212640 TI - Origins and divergence of Aleuts, Eskimos, and American Indians. AB - The apportionment of average gene frequency differences into within and between groups of Aleuts, Eskimos and Athabascans reveals a testable model of the time of origin and differentiation of these populations. Based on the ratio of average difference between Aleuts and Eskimos, to the average difference between Bering Sea Mongoloids and Athabascans, we estimate that Athabascans diverged from Bering Sea Mongoloids at approximately 15 000 BP. The ratio of Aleut/Eskimo to Yupik/Inupiaq suggests the split between the latter occurred 5100 BP. Similarly, the within-group average gene frequency differences suggest that North American natives originated some 19 000 BP and that Bering Sea Mongoloids originated 10 200 BP. These estimates are highly concordant with independent archaeologic, linguistic and biological data. PMID- 7212642 TI - Investigation of the mid-growth spurt in height, weight and limb circumferences in single-year velocity data from the London, 1966-67 growth survey. AB - In the 1966-67 London County Council Survey, some 10 000 children were measured twice, on occasions one year apart. Mean single-year velocities were calculated for each successive 6-month period from age centre 5 1/2 to maturity, for height, weight, upper arm and calf circumferences and triceps and subscapular skinfolds. The velocity curves, in which successive points are independently ascertained, were examined for evidence of a mid-growth spurt. In weight and limb circumferences there was a clear increase of velocity occurring from about 6 1/2 to 7 1/2 in girls and from 7 to 8 in boys. From the end of the mid-growth spurt to the beginning of the adolescent spurt, about three years later, weight velocity remained constant, but limb circumferences velocities mostly dropped. All or most of these changes in velocity can be accounted for by changes in rate of fat deposition. Girls showed no evidence of a mid-growth spurt in height, but boys had a diminution of deceleration, or relative spurt, from about 6 to about 7. These results could be accounted for if some, but not all, individual children have mid-growth height spurts. Graphs of the single-year actual-increment medians show slight differences from the standard population velocity medians, the actual increment curves being a little more complicated than the smoothed standards. PMID- 7212643 TI - Age of menarche in urban Argentinian girls. AB - A cross-sectional study in La Plata city, Argentina, yielded a mean age of menarche in 6494 schoolgirls, of 12.53 +/- 0.05 years, standard deviation 1.22 years, obtained by probit analysis. These values show a relatively early age of menarche in Argentinian girls as compared to other populations. PMID- 7212641 TI - Possible systematic errors in measurements of skin colour using the EEL reflectance spectrophotometer. AB - Reflectance readings with the EEL Reflectance Spectrophotometer, used in many studies of human skin colour, depend on the spatial orientation of the applicator head of the instrument. Variations of over 15% of the calibration value have been observed. The present paper shows that this orientation dependence is due to the influence of gravity on the glowing spiral of the light bulb. The effect has an electrical and an optical component. It is concluded that the orientation effect will manifest as a systematic error in skin colour studies when calibration and measurement are performed at different orientations of the applicator head. The magnitude of this systematic error may be in the order of 10% and comparisons between different studies may be inaccurate. PMID- 7212644 TI - Relationship and comparison of selected anthropometric measures to muscular endurance and strength in children aged 3-5 years. AB - This study investigated the relationships and differences between grip strength, hang time (upper body muscular endurance), sum of skinfold measures, body weight and height among 103 children 3-5 years of age. The results indicated that the only significant (P less than 0.05) difference between groups on skinfold was at the umbilical site, where the 3-year-old's measurements were larger than the 4- or 5-year-old group. All strength and body weight measures increased with age and in each case were significantly (P less than 0.01) different between groups. Analysis of the correlation matrix representing key variables revealed no correlations which could be regarded as high practical indicators; thus it was concluded that body weight, height, and selected skinfold measurements were not practical indicators of grip strength and muscular endurance. PMID- 7212645 TI - Cerebellar dyssynergia in humans--a quantitative analysis. AB - Patients with cerebellar lesions and limb ataxia performed two types of continuous tracking tasks involving flexion and extension of the index finger. In both tasks, patients were provided cutaneous and proprioceptive cues, but visual feedback was given in the first task (visual tracking) and not in the second (arbitrarily termed proprioceptive tracking). Raw records and Fourier-analyzed power spectra were compared with results in normal controls. Harmonic distortion was determined for each task. In all patients, as well as normal subjects, tracking performance was markedly improved and harmonic distortion substantially reduced during proprioceptive tracking. This surprising finding may result from a much shorter feedback loop for proprioceptive stimuli compared to visual stimuli. The tracking records, power spectra analysis, and determination of harmonic distortion provide both qualitative and quantitative data in patients with dyssynergia. PMID- 7212646 TI - Human diabetic endoneurial sorbitol, fructose, and myo-inositol related to sural nerve morphometry. AB - Fascicles of the sural nerve from each of 20 diabetic patients, mostly with maturity-onset diabetes, were studied by biochemical and pathological techniques, and results were compared to values found in nerve specimens from 15 healthy persons. The sorbitol and fructose content was much more variable in diabetic than in healthy nerves. More than one-third of the diabetic nerves had sorbitol and fructose values above the highest levels for controls. myo-Inositol and scyllo-inositol content was not reduced in diabetic nerves. The sorbitol, fructose, and inositol concentrations could not be related to clinical, neurophysiological, or pathological severity of neuropathy. A comparison of scored symptoms and signs and clinical neurophysiological studies against morphometric and teased fiber studies of sural nerve demonstrated that the former three provide sensitive and reliable measures of severity of neuropathy that can be used for controlled clinical trials of diabetic neuropathy. The presence and type of teased fiber abnormalities could be related to the duration of diabetes and to symptoms of neuropathy. In untreated diabetics without symptoms of neuropathy, a higher than normal frequency of teased fibers showing segmental demyelination and remyelination was found. Untreated diabetics with symptomatic neuropathy showed two kinds of abnormalities: fibers with segmental demyelination and remyelination and fibers undergoing axonal degeneration. In treated diabetics, who often had longstanding neuropathy, the most common abnormalities were fibers undergoing axonal degeneration. PMID- 7212647 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid biochemical markers of central nervous system metastases. AB - beta-Glucuronidase and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cancer. Both substances were found to reliably detect the presence of leptomeningeal infiltration by carcinoma. Neither substance was reliable in the detection of leptomeningeal infiltration by lymphoma or of metastases to the brain parenchyma or spinal epidural space. beta Glucuronidase was moderately elevated in chronic infectious meningitis, whereas CEA was not. Both markers approached control levels with favorable treatment of the leptomeningeal metastases, reflecting the effectiveness of treatment. Both beta-glucuronidase and CEA hold promise as indicators of early metastatic involvement of the leptomeninges by carcinoma. PMID- 7212648 TI - Treatment of periodic alternating nystagmus. AB - Two patients with longstanding acquired periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN) were treated with baclofen, 30 mg/day. Baclofen abolished the PAN and relieved oscillopsia in both patients but was ineffective in another patient with congenital PAN. PMID- 7212649 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among Chamorro migrants from Guam. AB - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which occurs in unusually high incidence among the Chamorro people on the island of Guam, has developed in 28 Chamorro migrants--24 of whom had onset in the United States, Japan, Germany, or Korea- after periods of absence from Guam of 1 to 34 years. Thus, the latency period for the disease, if caused by environmental factors on Guam, may be over three decades. Four further patients developed ALS within 1 to 14 years of their return to Guam after long-term residence in the continental United States. The minimum exposure time to environmental variables on Guam, based on age at migration, was 18 years, and all patients had spent their childhood and adolescence on Guam. Estimates of crude mortality rates for ALS from these data are considerably higher than for the United States population, and lower than the ALS mortality rates for nonmigrant Chamorros on Guam. PMID- 7212650 TI - Brachial plexus involvement in familial pressure-sensitive neuropathy: electrophysiological and morphological findings. AB - Two family members with hereditary pressure-sensitive neuropathy are reported. One patient presented atypically with acute brachial plexus neuropathy following transaxillary removal of the first rib. Electrophysiological studies showed slowing of motor nerve conduction in clinically affected and unaffected nerves. In vitro recording of the compound action potential of the subclinically involved sural nerve showed pronounced slowing in conduction of large and small myelinated fiber groups. These alterations correlated with morphological studies of the sural nerve that showed tomacula with acute and healed segmental demyelination. An inherited, generalized neuropathy manifested by a morphological abnormality of myelination may render peripheral nerves unduly susceptible to mechanical trauma, including positional pressure or traction effects during general anesthesia. PMID- 7212651 TI - No measles virus genetic information detected in multiple sclerosis--derived brains. AB - Measles virus nucleotide sequences were searched for in diseased and normal appearing white matter from brains of four multiple sclerosis victims. At the level of sensitivity established, 2.5 to 7.8 measles virus genome-equivalents of RNA, or 4.9 genome-equivalents of putative DNA per diploid cell quantity of DNA, could have been detected. At these levels, no measles virus genetic information was found in any of the four brains. PMID- 7212652 TI - Mollaret meningitis: report of a case with recovery after colchicine. AB - A 13-year-old boy developed closely spaced episodes of recurrent febrile meningitis that persisted for 22 months despite antibiotic therapy. During exacerbations the cerebrospinal fluid contained up to 2,500 leukocytes per cubic millimeter, including up to 20% activated monocytoid cells, with high IgM and IgG levels. No cause for the disorder was found, but steroids improved the condition and colchicine therapy apparently cured it. PMID- 7212653 TI - Kernicterus and central pontine myelinolysis in a 14-year-old boy with fulminating viral hepatitis. PMID- 7212654 TI - Normal pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in patients with Friedreich's ataxia. PMID- 7212655 TI - Isolated fear in complex partial status epilepticus. PMID- 7212656 TI - Topographic mapping in childhood developmental dyslexia. PMID- 7212659 TI - Painful ophthalmoplegia (Tolosa-Hunt) accompanied by peripheral facial paralysis. PMID- 7212658 TI - Plasmapheresis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 7212657 TI - Cysticercosis acquired in the United States. PMID- 7212661 TI - Brief treatment with dichloroacetate does not modify suspected subacute necrotizing encephalomyelitis. PMID- 7212662 TI - Measles virus and chronic neurological diseases. PMID- 7212660 TI - Extracerebral electrical potentials in the electroencephalogram in irreversible coma. PMID- 7212663 TI - Encephalitis after inhalation of measles virus: a pathogenetic study in hamsters. AB - A neuroadapted strain of measles virus (HNT) was administered by inhalation to newborn hamsters. Primary replication of virus in the lung was followed by the transient appearance of virus in spleen within 7 to 9 days of inoculation. A terminal encephalitis occurred between 6 and 60 days in 31% of infected hamsters, and virus was recovered by explant culture of these brains. Virus could not be cultured directly from brain or tissue homogenates. At least 7% of hamsters that had survived the infection for two months had antibody to measles virus. The histopathological change in morbid animals was limited to the central nervous system (CNS) and consisted of small foci of necrosis, perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates, intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions, and vacuolated pyknotic neurons. Immunofluorescent studies disclosed measles antigen in the lungs and brain. This hamster model of measles encephalitis following a "natural" route of inoculation appears to represent a faithful reproduction of certain CNS complications of natural measles infection in humans, i.e., measles encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 7212664 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked responses in spinocerebellar degeneration and Wilson disease. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) were studied in 30 healthy subjects, 20 patients with spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD), and 6 patients with Wilson's disease. In addition to the standard 8 click per second stimulation rate, increased stimulation frequency was applied which identified wave V for its stability under different stimulation rates. No prolongation of wave latencies was noted in SCD patients, irrespective of clinical features, except in 1 patient who had a latency slightly above the normal range. Wilson disease with neurological symptoms produced prolongation of wave latencies in every case, whereas the patients without neurological involvement showed a normal BAER pattern. PMID- 7212666 TI - Essential tremor treated with propranolol: lack of correlation between clinical effect and plasma propranolol levels. AB - Five patients with essential tremor were treated with increasing daily doses of propranolol. Tremor intensity was assessed after each propranolol dose had been given daily for a period of at least seven days. The evaluation was made 12 to 15 hours after the last propranolol ingestion. It included a semiquantitative clinical tremor evaluation and quantitative registration with an accelerometer. Electronic integration of the accelerometer curves gave an arbitrary measure of tremor intensity. Plasma propranolol concentration was determined at each tremor measurement. The reduction in tremor correlated with increasing propranolol doses, whereas plasma propranolol concentrations varied widely among individuals and could not be correlated with tremor reduction. Most of the patients had considerable diminution in tremor at low propranolol doses, often with an unmeasurable plasma propranolol concentration. Determination of plasma concentrations has little value in long-term treatment of essential tremor with propranolol. The dosage can be sufficiently guided by clinical evaluation of effect. PMID- 7212665 TI - Lisuride in parkinsonism. AB - Lisuride is a soluble ergolene derivative with endocrine effects similar to but more potent than those of bromocriptine. In nine subjects with idiopathic, postencephalitic, or drug-induced parkinsonism, lisuride at a dosage of 0.05 to 0.15 mg intravenously caused an immediate improvement in tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and postural deformity, but also caused chorea and orofacial dyskinesia. Improvement lasted 2 to 3 hours. Lisuride had little or no effect in a single patient with progressively supranuclear palsy. Oral lisuride therapy, 0.8 to 4.8 mg daily, had similar effects but occasionally caused reduced awareness and hallucinations. PMID- 7212668 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials following trigeminal nerve stimulation in trigeminal neuralgia. AB - The examination of somatosensory evoked potentials following trigeminal nerve stimulation in 20 subjects with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia revealed a pathological increase in latency of the first positive component on the involved side in 7 (41%) of the 17 patients without antecedent surgical treatment. The mean difference in latency between the two sides was 1.3 msec (2p greater than or equal to 0.005). These results are indicative of microtraumatization of the trigeminal nerve in the posterior fossa by blood vessels, for example, leading to local demyelinization. The method seems to be of diagnostic value in selecting patients for more decompression by posterior fossa operations. PMID- 7212669 TI - Nerve fiber conduction velocity distributions: studies of normal and diabetic human nerves. AB - We have assessed the clinical applicability of a previously described new method for analyzing the distribution of conduction velocities (DCV) in peripheral nerve. Surface-recorded median sensorimotor compound action potentials (CAPs) were found to contain contributions from classes of fibers conducting between 25 and 80 m/sec in the elbow-to-axilla segment. Test-retest correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91 to 0.98. Increasing stimulus intensity recruited additional fiber activity into the CAP with relative preferential activation of faster conducting fibers at lower stimulus levels. Changes in limb temperature altered the conduction velocity of all fiber classes 4% per degree Celsius. A comparison of fiber diameter distribution and DCVs in a normal sural nerve gave a correlation of 0.70 over the range of 7 to 12 mu. Diabetic patients with minimal or no clinical polyneuropathy showed varying degrees of DCV shift toward the slower conduction velocities, sometimes even in the face of normal conventional nerve conduction studies. These findings indicate that the DCV may be considered the electrophysiological counterpart--not equivalent--of the fiber diameter distribution, with the capacity to distinguish subtle differences in conduction properties of normal and diseased human nerves. PMID- 7212667 TI - Hand wasting in spondylotic high cord compression: an electromyographic study. AB - Conventional and single-fiber electromyographic studies in two patients with a wasted hand associated with spondylotic narrowing of the spinal canal at C3-4 and C5-6 revealed changes that were most severe in the hand muscles (C8, T1) and moderately severe in the extensor digitorum communis (C7), but relatively spared the C5 and C6 myotomes. This gradation of abnormality within the cervical cord is consistent with stagnant hypoxia secondary to venous congestion. PMID- 7212671 TI - Postictal pleocytosis. AB - Six patients showed a transient and otherwise unexplained cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis following a flurry of generalized convulsions. Each had an obvious cause for repeated seizures. No evidence was found for an infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, or other cause for the pleocytosis. All CSF specimens were clear and colorless, under normal pressure, and bacteriologically sterile. The maximal leukocyte count ranged from 9 to 80 per cubic millimeter and reached a maximum on the day after cessation of convulsions. No specimen contained more than 650 erythrocytes. Two patients initially had a mildly increased CSF protein; glucose values were unremarkable. We propose that the pleocytosis in these patients was a result of frequently repeated generalized convulsions. The mechanism of postictal pleocytosis is uncertain. It may result from transient breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, which has been demonstrated after seizures in experimental animals. Although infectious causes must first be considered and rigorously searched for, it appears that seizures alone may cause a transient CSF pleocytosis. PMID- 7212670 TI - "Wrong-way eyes" in supratentorial hemorrhage. AB - A patient developed conjugate horizontal eye deviation to the side opposite a large frontal-perisylvian hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm. Autopsy examination confirmed the hemispheric locus of the hemorrhage and failed to disclose any lesion of the brainstem or thalamus to explain the "wrong-way" eye deviation. PMID- 7212673 TI - Spinocerebellar degeneration with parkinsonian features: a clinical and pathological report. AB - A 20-year-old patient had spinocerebellar degeneration and parkinsonian tremor that improved with L-dopa treatment. Postmortem examination revealed posterior column atrophy in the spinal cord and severe degeneration in the substantia nigra. Atrophic changes were noted in deep cerebellar nuclei and superior cerebellar peduncles. This study confirms the relationships between clinical parkinsonism, substantia nigra atrophy, and the therapeutic effect of L-dopa. PMID- 7212672 TI - Parkinsonism provoked by alcoholism. AB - Seven chronic alcoholics, aged 53 to 70, demonstrated transient signs of parkinsonism provoked by alcohol withdrawal or chronic severe intoxication. All showed improvement or recovery when they abstained or decreased their alcohol intake for several days to weeks. Animal studies have demonstrated impaired striatal dopaminergic function during severe ethanol intoxication or withdrawal. Chronic alcoholism apparently can exacerbate or uncover latent central dopaminergic deficiency. PMID- 7212674 TI - Measurement of early spontaneous recovery from aphasia with stroke. AB - The amount of spontaneous change in aphasia was quantified in 44 right-handed patients who were aphasic following a first and unihemispheric stroke. All were initially tested less than 14 days after onset and were reevaluated at a mean of 30 days. The Porch Index of Communicative Ability was administered for objective and precise measurement. Forty-one of the patients demonstrated significant improvement, a finding which must be taken into account in evaluating any claims for effectiveness of speech therapy. PMID- 7212675 TI - Estrogens and migraine. PMID- 7212676 TI - [Improvement in the equipment assembly layouts in microbiological production]. PMID- 7212677 TI - [Identification of the admixtures in fusidic acid and its salts]. PMID- 7212678 TI - [Aglycone structure of the polyene antibiotic, gannibamycin]. AB - Functional analysis of gannibamycin, a new macrolide pentaenic antibiotic was performed. It was found that the antibiotic contained carbonyl, carboxyl group and one molecule of nitrogen and no isolated double bonds. The antibiotic did not participate in the reaction of retroaldol splitting. Ozonization of the antibiotic followed by reduction of the ozonolysis products at first by catalytic hydrogenation and then by lithium aluminohydride resulted in formation of polyols, such as 14-hydroxymethyloctadecanhexaol-1, 6, 13, 15, 17, 18 and 2 methyl-1, 4, 6-trihydroxyoctane. Their structures were proved with mass spectrometry of peracetates. 3-Methyl-tetradecanedicarboxylic acid was isolated from the oxidation products of perhydrogannibamycin. Partial structure of the aglycone, i. e. 1, 30 (or 1, 32)-lactone 13, 15, 17, 30, 32-pentohydroxy-28 methyl-6-ketotetratricontane-18, 20, 22, 24, 26-pentaen-1, 14-dicarboxylic acid was suggested. It was confirmed by the analysis of the mass spectra of the antibiotic permethoxy derivative and its deutero analog. PMID- 7212680 TI - [Role of bacteriocinogeny in regulating the population dynamics of oral cavity lactobacilli]. AB - Bacteriocinogenicity and bacteriocine sensitivity of Lactobacilli isolated from human saliva were studied. It was shown that bacteriocinogenic cultures of Lactobacilli resistant to bacteriocines produced by them probably may play some ecological role in regulation of the population dynamics because of growth inhibition of Lactobacillus sensitive cultures in the saliva, thus providing favourable selective conditions for the development of both the strains producing them and the strains resistant to bacteriocines. Bacteriocinogenic strains sensitive to bacteriocines produced by them probably played no significant role in regulation of the dynamics of Lactobacillus population in the oral cavity, since they did not inhibit the growth of half of the Lactobacillus cultures present in human saliva. PMID- 7212679 TI - [Use of the aliphatic amine reaction with 2,5-dinitrophenol in antibiotic analysis]. AB - Possible use of dinitrophenol reaction with amines in quantitative determination of amines and amino sugars in various antibiotics was investigated. It was found that the reaction with 2,5-dinitrophenol (2,5-DNP) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) providing the highest batochromic shift in the electron spectra was most suitable. Selectivity of the 2,5-DNP reaction with respect to mycosamine contained in polyenic antibiotics was shown. With the method of PMR it was demonstrated that DMSO formed a complex with 2,5-DMP. The electron spectral of the complexes of glucosamine, N-methylgycosamine and levorin with 2,5-DNP were used for calculation of the complex stability constants, which were practically the same. This provided the use of glucosamine as a standard for plotting the calibration curves. A quantitative method for determination of amines in polyenic antibiotics based on the above reaction was developed. PMID- 7212681 TI - [Increase in the resistance of a liposome-incorporated rubomycin-DNA complex to the action of DNAses]. AB - When DNA and the rubomycin-DNA complex were incorporated into liposomes containing stearylamine, about 90 per cent of their amounts associated with the liposomes, incubation of such liposomes for an hour at 25-50 degrees C being not accompanied by liberation of DNA and its complex. Only about 10 per cent of DNA associated with the liposomes was destroyed by DNase I. The liposomal DNA was more stable to ultrasound than free DNA. The molecular mass of DNA associated with the liposomes on treatment with ultrasound decreased 1.9 times, whereas that of free DNA decreased by more than 3 times. With an increase in the weight ratio of lipid/DNA the level of DNA degradation lowered. This is evidence of the fact that liposomes increase resistance of DNA and its complex to chemical and physical factors. PMID- 7212682 TI - [General toxic and organotropic side-effects of cephalothin in acute and chronic experiments]. PMID- 7212684 TI - [Nonspecific resistance in staphylococcal enterocolitis under gentamycin therapy in infants in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 7212683 TI - [Pharmacokinetic analysis of the nephrotoxic effect of sisomycin]. AB - The kinetics of the urea nitrogen in serum was studied on anesthetized cats with constant concentrations of sisomycin in the blood. A correlation between the nephrotoxic effect of sisomycin and its concentration in the blood serum was found. High nephrotoxicity of sisomycin as compared to that of gentamicin, kanamycin or streptomycin under conditions of their equal levels in the blood was revealed on the basis of the above correlation. Still, when the antibiotic concentrations in the blood serum were maintained at the respective therapeutic levels, the nephrotoxic effects of sisomycin and gentamicin were almost equal. The above correlation was used for calculation of the maximum value of the sisomycin safe concentration in blood serum. The safe concentration of gentamicin in blood serum is 8 micrograms/ml, while that of sisomycin in 6 micrograms/ml. This approach may be used in estimation of safe concentrations for new aminoglycosides. PMID- 7212685 TI - [Prolonged-action gentamycin sulfate eyedrops]. AB - A new dosage form of gentamicin, 0.3 per cent eye drops with polyglucin was developed. Its pharmacokinetics and chemotherapeutic properties were studied. It was shown that in the form of eye drops gentamicin has a prolonged action, provides high levels of penetration into the eye tissues and is effective in the treatment of eye infections. PMID- 7212686 TI - [Bile microflora in noninfectious digestive organ diseases and sensitivity to antibiotics]. AB - Bile microflora and its relation to pH of gastric juice was investigated in 225 patients. The isolation rate of microbes from bile of patients with gastritis, duodenitis and duodenal ulcer increased with an increase in the pH value of gastric juice from 1.9 to 6.9. At pH values over 7.0 the isolation rate of the microbes decreased. No such relation was observed in patients with pathological conditions of the hepatobiliary system and intestine. In patients with various diseases of the stomach, the isolation rate of Coli bacteria at pH 1.2-6.9 increased from 20 to 51.5 per cent and at higher pH values it decreased. At higher pH values of gastric juice the composition of microflora isolated from bile was more diverse. Thus, in patients with hypo- and achlorhydria there were isolated Proteus, P. aeruginosa, Candida and associations of various microbes. The isolates were characterized by a relatively low sensitivity to antibiotics. PMID- 7212687 TI - [Effect on the heart of tetracycline series antibiotics and sulfanilamide preparations in influenza patients according to polycardiographic data]. PMID- 7212688 TI - [Kanamycin deposition in the peritoneum as affected by dimexide]. AB - The effect of dimexid (dimethylsulfoxide) on kanamycin absorption from the peritoneum was studied on normal albino rats with aseptic peritonitis. Contrary to the present opinion that the rate of various drug absorption into the blood increases under the effect of dimexid, it was shown that intraperitoneal administration of dimexid and kanamycin resulted in deposition of kanamycin in the peritoneum followed by its slow liberation into the blood channel. The concentration of kanamycin in the peritoneum increased 3--8 times under the effect of dimexid, thus prolonging its retention time by 10--13 hours. The depositing effect was more pronounced in the animals with peritonitis. PMID- 7212689 TI - [Antimicrobial action of cranberry bush, common yarrow and Achillea biebersteinii]. PMID- 7212690 TI - [Body pharmacokinetics of methicillin, oxacillin and cephaloridine in puerperal mastitis]. AB - Mechanisms of absorption, distribution and excretion of methicillin, oxacillin and cephaloridin were studied in 46 women with postnatal mastitis (serous and infiltrative forms). The results obtained allow one to document different clinical efficiency of antibiotics in treatment of patients with postnatal mastitis. Poor efficiency of cephaloridin in therapy of mastitis was shown. PMID- 7212693 TI - [Use of selective media with lincomycin for the directed screening of antibiotic producers]. AB - Relation between lincomycin resistance of Micromonospora cultures freshly isolated from soil samples and their capacity for production of antibiotics related to lincomycin by the structure or mode of action was shown. 32 cultures of Micromonospora were isolated from soil platings containing 50--100 microgram/ml of lincomycin. Crude antibiotic substances were recovered with the method of organic solvent extraction from 10 cultures possessing pronounced antibiotic activity. Selective inactivity (MIC more 1000 microgram/ml) of the crude substances with respect to the lincomycin resistant variant of Staph. aureus 209 p was observed, 2 of them having no inhibitory effect on the erythromycin resistant variant of the staphylococcus. The crude antibiotics inhibited the growth of the initial strain of the staphylococcus and its other antibiotic resistant variants in concentrations of 0.5--10 microgram/ml. It was demonstrated with the use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry that one substance was lincomycin and 4 substances were known macrolides. Efficiency of the simple method of directed screening of antibiotics belonging to definite groups is indicated. Resistance of actinomycetes freshly isolated from natural substrates to various antibiotics is used as the criterion for antibiotic screening. The method provides detection of various antibiotics which are analogs in the structure or mode of action of the selecting antibiotic used for the screening. PMID- 7212692 TI - [Our experience treating deep mycoses with amphoglucamine]. AB - Amphoglucamine, an antifungal drug was used in the form of inhalations or orally for the treatment of 36 patients with deep mycoses. No toxic effect of the drug was observed. Satisfactory tolerance of the treatment by the patients and an improvement in their state were recorded. After discontinuation of the drug use there were found elements of the fungi possibly due to insufficient dosage of the drug in the form of tablets. PMID- 7212691 TI - [Clinical pharmacokinetics and the optimal intravenous ampicillin administration regimen in children]. AB - Nineteen children aged 3 months to 3 years were treated with ampicillin for acute pneumonia. The drug pharmacokinetics after a single intravenous administration in a dose of 25 mg/kg was studied. The data of the antibiotic pharmacokinetics in blood serum specimens collected within 3 hours after the drug injection were approximated with the use of the two-compartmental model, which proved to be more adequate than the one-compartmental model. The average period of the antibiotic half-life was 37 minutes and the value of the total clearance was 7.3 ml/min . kg. The optimal regimen for ampicillin administration, i. e. intravenous infusion of the antibiotic at a rate of 70 microgram/min . kg and its administration in a loading dose of 3.5 mg/kg was calculated with the use of the constants of the two compartmental model. Clinical trials of the above regimen showed satisfactory conformity of the factual and calculated levels of the antibiotic in the blood serum of 7 children. PMID- 7212695 TI - [Tail gut regression and associated phenomena in chick embryo (author's transl)]. AB - The regression of the tail gut and the associated phenomena in chick embryo were studied using cytological and biochemical methods. The cells of the tail gut begin degenerating at stage 20. The regression is completed at stage 24. The remnant of the primitive streak which have been incorporated into the tail bud degenerate at the same time. During this period dead cells are sporadically found in the other tissues of the tail bud, chiefly in the mesenchym. The morphological characteristics of cell degeneration and elimination, in the tail gut as in the mesenchyme, are defined. The biochemical study showed that the degenerative phenomena correspond to an enhanced activity of acid phosphatase. This study shows further that these phenomena do not change the total growth rate of the tail bud while they are developing. PMID- 7212694 TI - [Use of ionizing radiation for sterilizing alginate dressings containing various antibacterial preparations]. AB - The effect of various doses of ionizing radiation on activity of antibacterial drugs contained in polymer alginate coatings was studied. Sensitivity of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Staph. aureus, Proteus and B. subtilis used as the test organisms to the drugs and their combinations after radiation sterilization was determined on liquid nutrient media with the method of serial dilutions and agar diffusion and the use of the respective reference antibiotics. The coatings were irradiated in an isotope unit with 60Co at a dose of 7 Krad/min. The data are indicative of the possible use of ionizing radiation for sterilization of pharmaceutical alginate coatings in trade packings. Combined effect of antimicrobial substances and ionizing radiation plays an important role in the efficiency of radiation sterilization. Sterility of the majority of the drugs was achieved after irradiation in doses of 0.5-1 Mrad. The bactericidal activity of gentamicin, mafenid, polymyxin M and neomycin contained in the alginate coatings sterilized with gamma-radiation in doses of 1-2.5 Mrad did not decrease immediately and 1 year after irradiation. PMID- 7212697 TI - [Stereological analysis of normal Papio Papio liver parenchymal cells (author's transl)]. AB - Stereological analysis of normal Papio Papio liver parenchymal cells has been performed according to the method of Weibel (1969). The study was carried out on liver samples collected from 3 males and 3 females. Sampling was done at three levels of magnification (X 250, X 5 000, X 15 000) without taking into consideration the lobular variations. The lobular stereological model included the hepatocyte, all the cellular organelles and the extra-hepatocytic space compartment. Surface and volume densities were determined; the results are given with respect to three reference units : 1 cm3 lobular tissue, 1 cm3 hepatocyte and 1 cm3 hepatocytic cytoplasm. The mean volume of the Baboon hepatocyte and its components were also measured. Statistical analysis of the results did not show wide individual variation in the population studied. The volume densities of the components were compared to those of rat, dog and man as determined by other investigators. The hepatocytes constitute 84,9% of the lobular volume, and the extra-hepatocytic space 15,1%. The mean individual volume of the hepatocyte is 6 470 micrometer3, which is higher than in rat and dog. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a much higher surface density (3,93 m2/cm3) than that of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (1,53 m2/cm3). The values obtained in the present study can be used as reference values in the evaluation of experimentally induced hepatic modifications in Baboon. PMID- 7212696 TI - Elastic system fibers (oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibers) in the skin of a freshwater teleost : optical and electron microscopy study. AB - The oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibers which represent a system of connective tissue fibers -- the elastic system (ESP) -- were studied in the dermis of a teleost by optical and electron microscopy. The oxytalan fibers were identified at the dermo-epidermal junction. They are bound, by one of their extremities to the basal lamina, and by the other are in continuity with elaunin fibers. The elaunin fibers cross the entire stratum compactum perpendicularly and in the deeper zone are interconnected to other elaunin fibers. Thick elastic fibers, forming an apparent continuous layer were observed between the stratum compactum and the stratum spongiosum. The ultrastructural characteristics and functional properties of the ESF are discussed. PMID- 7212698 TI - The initial phases of testicular organogenesis in the rat. An electron microscopy study. AB - The paper is devoted to the study of the very first stages of testicular organogenesis in the rat, i.e. to the study of the initial stages of formation of the seminiferous cords. It takes over and extends the results of a previous histological study (Jost, 1972). The tissues were fixed with glutaraldehyde or glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde and post-fixed with osmium tetroxide. Examination with the optical microscope of semi-thick sections confirms that the differentiation begins at the stage of 13 days after fertilization; an increasing number of primitive Sertoli cells appear, first in the depth of the gonad, join each other and form the seminiferous cords. Study with the electron microscope reveals three characteristic criteria of the early differentiation of the Sertoli cells, namely : 1) an abundant cytoplasm, only slightly dense to electrons and containing short laminae or vesicles of rough endoplasmic reticulum; 2) complex contact zones involving infoldings and interdigitations of the membranes; 3) a layer of microfilaments beneath the flattened surface of the cells, that limits the outer surface of the seminiferous cords. These differentiation processes taking place at the stage of 13 days, are described. PMID- 7212699 TI - First line health care: facts, problems, solutions. A report based on the National Research programme in Social Sciences. Programmation of the directorate for sciences, 1978, Belgium. PMID- 7212701 TI - [Contamination of the food chain by cadmium and lead]. PMID- 7212700 TI - [Arsenic, environment and health]. PMID- 7212702 TI - [Significance of urinary thiocyanates]. PMID- 7212703 TI - [The correct use of drugs. Various observations as an introduction]. PMID- 7212704 TI - [Incorrect use of drugs. Hazards of self medication]. PMID- 7212705 TI - [Role of the family physician in the education of drug utilization]. PMID- 7212706 TI - [Educational role and responsibilities of the pharmacist]. PMID- 7212707 TI - [Parents' testimony: questions which call for answers]. PMID- 7212708 TI - [Influenza surveillance in Belgium, 1979-1980. Performance of serological studies in military recruits]. PMID- 7212709 TI - Effect of quinolinic acid on the metabolite profile and regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the liver of diabetic rats. PMID- 7212710 TI - Transport of methotrexate of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes: stimulation of uptake in vitro by the presence of hormones in the medium. PMID- 7212711 TI - The low-molecular-weight acid phosphatase from bovine liver: isolation, amino acid composition, and chemical modification studies. PMID- 7212712 TI - Subcellular distribution and partial characterization of an alpha-ketoisocaproate oxidase of rat liver: formation of beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid. PMID- 7212713 TI - The effect of specific amino acid modifications on the catalytic properties of rat liver dihydropteridine reductase. PMID- 7212714 TI - A general QSAR for dihydrofolate reductase inhibition by 2,4-diaminotriazines based upon molecular shape analysis. PMID- 7212715 TI - Antioxidative effect of alpha-tocopherol incorporation into lecithin liposomes on ascorbic acid-Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7212716 TI - External membrane proteins of rabbit lung macrophages. PMID- 7212717 TI - Purification and partial characterization of linoleoyl-CoA desaturase from rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7212718 TI - Biochemistry of insect differentiation. A system for studying the mechanism of chitinase activity in vitro. PMID- 7212719 TI - Ultrapure cyanogen bromide-cleaved glucagon: isolation in high yield by ion exchange chromatography. PMID- 7212720 TI - Destruction of cytochrome P-450 by allylisopropylacetamide is a suicidal process. PMID- 7212721 TI - Deoxyglucose inhibition of protein glycosylation: effects of nucleotide deoxysugars on the formation of glucosylated lipid intermediates. PMID- 7212722 TI - [Abstracts of lectures, symposia, and communications presented at the Sociedad de Biologia, Farmacologia de Chile, Sociedad de Genetica de Chile, 26-29 November 1980, Vina del Mar, Chile]. PMID- 7212724 TI - Diminished immune response in sun-damaged skin. PMID- 7212723 TI - Acquired localized hypertrichosis. PMID- 7212727 TI - Lentigo maligna melanoma in a treated psoriatic plaque. AB - Lentigo maligna melanoma developed in a patient with a 41-year history of psoriasis. The patient had received substantial radiation therapy and limited tar and ultraviolet energy therapy to the site at which melanoma developed. We raise the question of whether the carcinogenic modalities used to treat the patient may have influenced the development of melanoma. PMID- 7212726 TI - Annular erythema of infancy. AB - The lesions of an unusual annular erythema in an infant evolved from erythematous papules, to rings, to interrupted arcs over 36 to 48 hours, and then resolved without a trace. New lesions appeared and evolved with remarkable uniformity for eight months and then disappeared. This seemingly unique eruption is compared with other annular erythemas described in infants. PMID- 7212725 TI - Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis. Three illustrative cases. AB - Three cases of disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis are reported, including a rare presentation of the disease as vesicular dermatitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by culture of a skin biopsy specimen, and all patients responded well to amphotericin B therapy. The sporotrichosis slide latex agglutination titer was used to determine the end point of therapy. PMID- 7212728 TI - Resistant cutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium chelonei. AB - Induration of the lower parts of the legs with abscess and ulcer formation occurred in a 60-year-old woman. Mycobacterium chelonei, a ubiquitous, saprophytic pathogen that uncommonly causes human disease, was cultured from biopsy material. Although spontaneous healing usually occurs in a few months with such infections, our patient's disease persisted for more than two years until control was achieved with minocycline hydrochloride. PMID- 7212729 TI - Penicillamine-induced pemphigus foliaceus. A fatal outcome. AB - Penicillamine-induced pemphigus is an uncommon but well-recognized phenomenon. It has been generally believed to be a benign disease responding to withdrawal of the drug or to treatment with a short course of oral steroids. In the hope that it will increase awareness of the potential severity of this disease, we report herein a case of penicillamine-induced pemphigus foliaceus with fatal termination. PMID- 7212730 TI - Blue fingertips associated with myxedema. AB - A 42-year-old woman had blue telangiectases of the fingertips associated with myxedema. In addition to this clinical finding, the patient had abnormal Doppler ultrasound study findings analogous to those seen in peripheral vascular occlusion. With thyroid replacement therapy, the telangiectases disappeared, and a dramatic improvement was noted in the results of the Doppler studies. We believe that the clinical picture seen in our patient was caused by the deposition of mucin around small blood vessels. PMID- 7212731 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis with eosinophilia. PMID- 7212733 TI - Hodgkin's disease and granuloma annulare. PMID- 7212732 TI - Verrucous carcinoma. Papillomatosis cutis carcinoides. PMID- 7212736 TI - Familial lichen planus. PMID- 7212734 TI - Polymorphic light eruption initially confined to the ears. PMID- 7212735 TI - Antibiotics and oral contraceptives. PMID- 7212737 TI - Elevation of blood triglyceride levels secondary to administration of vitamin A. PMID- 7212739 TI - A method of measuring skin lesions. PMID- 7212738 TI - Phototesting of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. PMID- 7212740 TI - Cutaneous manifestations of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Report of 44 cases and a review of the literature. AB - A review of records of 44 patients who had lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) with skin lesions showed that cutaneous manifestations are protean and generally transient. Subcutaneous or dermal nodules were present in more than 60% of cases. A maculopapular rash or macular erythema was less common, and ulceration was rare. Skin lesions were widely distributed. Frequently, in patients who had early cutaneous involvement with LYG, associated involvement of the nervous system and joints occurred. Findings from laboratory studies were generally inconclusive. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis progressed to lymphoma in 18% of the cases, and death from respiratory failure was common. Theories on the possible cause and the pathogenesis of LYG are presented. PMID- 7212741 TI - Cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas and the development of systemic sarcoidosis. AB - Studies of patients with systemic sarcoidosis have indicated that those patients with cutaneous lesions have a poorer prognosis with a greater incidence of symptomatic pulmonary and ocular sarcoidosis. We examined 18 patients who had biopsy-proved cutaneous sarcoidosis for evidence of systemic involvement. Of the 13 patients who had no history of previously documented sarcoidosis, six had no evidence of systemic disease on history and physical examination, chest roentgenogram, pulmonary function testing, ocular examination, skin testing, and baseline laboratory testing. The seven remaining patients had evidence of sarcoidosis in another organ system, but six of the seven were essentially asymptomatic and required no therapy. The poorer prognosis associated with cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas drawn from populations with proved systemic sarcoidosis does not seem to apply to generally healthy outpatients with skin lesions as the initial manifestation of their disease. PMID- 7212742 TI - Anti-pigment-cell factors and mucocutaneous candidiasis. AB - Previous reports documented the fact that some patients with mucocutaneous candidiasis and vitiligo have a complement-fixing anti-pigment-cell factor in their serum. We examined sera from seven patients with mucocutaneous candidiasis without vitiligo. Three of the seven sera contained the anti-pigment-cell factor. We suggest that these anti-pigment-cell factors, which are most probably antibodies, are not cytotoxic for pigment cells and, thus, not the cause of vitiligo. The association of vitiligo and anti-pigment-cell factors with the syndrome of mucocutaneous candidiasis implicates the immune system are a causal factor of vitiligo. PMID- 7212743 TI - Scale prophylaxis. A new antiparakeratotic assay. AB - This article describes a new animal model for the evaluation of drugs that may prevent the development of parakeratosis. The advantages of this model are simplicity, economy, and the opportunity to observe the possible occurrence of acute systemic toxic reactions. High-boiling coal tar acids (phenols), vitamin A (retinyl acetate), and hydrocortisone butyrate (Locoid) were assayed. Only tar phenols consistently prevented scale development. Vitamin A was not properly screened because of toxic effects that resulted in premature termination of the experiment. PMID- 7212744 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a linear epidermal nevus. AB - An isolated, pruritic lesion developed in the right breast of a 17-year-old girl during a period of four months. The lesion was well circumscribed, erythematous, indurated, and markedly hyperkeratotic in the center. The histologic diagnosis was well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma arising in a linear epidermal nevus. The development of squamous cell carcinoma in a linear epidermal nevus is a rare event, previously reported only in long-standing, extensive lesions of middle-aged to elderly patients. This case seems to be unique in regard to the patient's young age, the short duration of the nevus, and the lack of identifiable predisposing factors. PMID- 7212745 TI - Aplasia cutis congenita. A follow-up evaluation after 25 years. AB - Aplasia cutis congenita is a rare disease with less than 300 cases reported in the literature. A patient with extensive involvement of the skin was observed for 25 years. During adolescence, a reactive depression related to the residual cicatricial alopecia on the left side of the scalp developed. The psychiatric distress disappeared after corrective surgery was performed. It is recommended that patients with this disorder be regularly observed to select cases appropriate for early plastic surgery. PMID- 7212748 TI - Pathology quiz case 2. Leukemia cutis. PMID- 7212747 TI - Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy. Involvement in mother and infant. AB - A 19-year-old mother had pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy. Similar eruptions were found on her newborn son. This recently recognized eruption of pregnancy, characterized by pruritic papules, papulovesicles, and urticarial plaques, has been seen previously only in mothers. The histologic findings are nonspecific and may include spongiosis, a lymphohistiocytic perivascular infiltrate, papillary edema, and occasional eosinophils. This report raises the possibility that infants may be affected. PMID- 7212746 TI - Mycosis fungoides. Small-bowel involvement complicated by perforation and peritonitis. AB - Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a malignant lymphoma that arises in the skin and subsequently may involve lymph nodes and viscera as part of the natural course of the disease. The disease has distinct histologic characteristics that may be recognized in extracutaneous tissues. A patient who had MF with ulcerating cutaneous nodules is presented herein. Death resulted from perforation of the small bowel involved by the disease and consequent peritonitis. PMID- 7212749 TI - Becker's nevus associated with limb asymmetry. PMID- 7212750 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila infection of the skin. PMID- 7212751 TI - Porokeratosis. Two morphologic forms within a family. PMID- 7212752 TI - Urticaria induced by cyclamate. PMID- 7212753 TI - Basal cell epithelioma arising in a linear epidermal nevus. PMID- 7212754 TI - Inequalities in health. Report of a research working group. PMID- 7212755 TI - Effect of heat on the anaphylactic-sensitising capacity of cows' milk, gots' milk, and various infant formulae fed to guinea-pigs. AB - Cows' milk--fresh, boiled, and processed in different ways for the domestic market, and various infant milk formulae--was investigated for its sensitising capacity in the guinea-pig after being fed for 37 days. The anaphylactic sensitising capacity was considerably reduced by heat-treatment. As heat becomes more intense and more prolonged so beta-lactoglobulin and casein become less sensitising. It should be stressed that these were results from experiments on guinea-pigs drinking milk. Should they be found to apply to the human infant too, it seems that it would not be impossible to manufacture a non-sensitising but fully nutritive milk product. The sensitising capacity of fresh and boiled goats' milk was examined too, and it was found that boiling reduced the sensitising capacity to an even greater extent than was the case with cows' milk. PMID- 7212756 TI - Prader-Willi Syndrome after age 15 years. AB - Twenty-four patients, all of them over 15 years, with the Prader-Willi syndrome are described. Obesity, often extreme, associated with an insatiable appetite, was their principal handicap and this was made worse by educational subnormality and hypogonadism. Three of the them developed diabetes. Each attended a special school or an adult training centre. Although most of them were of short stature and had scoliosis, 2 were tall but they even more severely mentally retarded than is usually the case. Nine other patients died aged between 3 and 23 years. The most common cause of death was cor pulmonale. PMID- 7212757 TI - Persistence of chlamydial infection after treatment for neonatal conjunctivitis. AB - A high incidence of pharyngeal infection was found in babies with isolation positive chlamydial conjunctivitis. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the pharynx of 12 (52%) of 23 babies before treatment, and was reisolated from the eyes of 4 (12%) of 34 and from the pharynx of 14 (41%) of 34 after treatment. C trachomatis was reisolated significantly more often from babies treated only with topical tetracycline for 4 weeks (75%) than from those treated with both topical tetracycline and oral erythromycin for 2 weeks (32%). Reisolation from the eyes was associated with only minor clinical signs. Radiological signs of an inflammatory lesion in the chest were found in 2 of 8 babies examined because of persistent cough. These signs were not associated with high or rising titres of serum chlamydial antibody. PMID- 7212758 TI - Autosomal hypophosphataemic bone disease responds to 1,25-(OH)2D3. AB - We diagnosed non X-linked hypophosphataemic bone disease in a 38-month-old girl. Findings included: genu varum, shortened stature, fasting hypophosphataemia (2.3 2.5 mg/100 ml; 0.74-0.81 mmol/l), diminished theoretical renal threshold for phosphate (TmP/GFR), and osteomalacia without rickets. One patient (the father) had fasting hypophosphataemia (2.3-2.7 mg/100 ml; 0.74-0.87 mmol/l) and low TmP/GFR without osteomalacia or shortened stature. Treatment of the girl with 1,25-(OH)2D3 (1 microgram a day) raised the level of serum phosphorus, improved tubular reabsorption of phosphate, and healed the bone deformity; this combination of responses is not present in X-linked hypophosphataemia. There was no correction of hypophosphataemia or TmP/GFR with 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment (1-3 micrograms a day) in the father. PMID- 7212759 TI - Circadian patterns of plasma cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and testosterone in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - In 11 children aged between 2 and 17 years with (nonsalt-losing) congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency) blood was drawn at 90-minute intervals during a 24-hour period and levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and cortisol were measured. Levels of 17-ketosteroids and pregnanetriol were measured too in 24-hour urine samples. These measurements were taken under different regimens of treatment and after interruption of treatment. Cortisol level rose and fell rapidly after administered corticosteroid, and reached unphysiologically high levels. Testosterone levels showed pronounced variations but stayed in the normal range for most of the time even in untreated patients; thus testosterone provides a poor control parameter. Levels of 17 hydroxyprogesterone showed extreme fluctuations and very high peak levels in untreated patients; standard treatment with two or three daily doses of corticosteroids did not prevent a pronounced rise in its level after midnight. After the first morning dose of hydrocortisone a very steep fall was observed. The 24-hour pregnanetriol excretion correlated well with the corresponding total integrated 17-hydroxyprogesterone area. It is concluded that single 17 hydroxyprogesterone values are unlikely to give adequate information about the quality of treatment. PMID- 7212760 TI - Frequency of transient hypothyroxinaemia in low birthweight infants. Potential pitfall for neonatal screening programmes. AB - Thyroid function was studied in 54 low birthweight infants during a 3-week period. Each infant was placed in one of three groups. Group 1 (n = 21), infants who were well and appropriately grown fro gestational age; group 2 (n = 23), infants who were appropriately grown but who had hyaline membrane disease; group 3 (n = 10), infants who were small-for-gestational-age. In group 1, 5 (24%) infants had at least one serum thyroxine value less than 3.0 micrograms/100 ml (39 nmol/l). There were 8 (35%) infants in group 2 who had similarly low serum thyroxine values as did 5 (50%) of the 10 infants in group 3. Serum thyrotropin levels and serum binding of the thyroid hormones, as measured by a T3-charcoal uptake test, were normal in all infants. In all instances but 2, serum thyroxine values were at least 4.0 micrograms/100 ml (51 nmol/l) by the end of the 3-week period. There is thus a high incidence of transient 'hypothyroxinaemia' in low birthweight infants, particularly if such infants have hyaline membrane disease or are small-for-gestational-age. These findings must be considered when interpreting results of screening programmes for congenital hypothyroidism and they lend further support to the use of a combination of serum thyroxine and thyrotropin determinations for optimum screening of such infants. PMID- 7212761 TI - Dexamethasone in the treatment of hypernatraemic dehydration. AB - Ninety infants with severe hypernatraemic dehydration (plasma sodium greater than 150 mmol/l) were studied. Most had had a convulsion before admission. They were allocated to two treatment groups. Both groups received intravenous plasma followed by slow intravenous rehydration and correction of acidosis. In addition, one group received intramuscular phenobarbitone, the other group received dexamethasone 0.3 mg by intramuscular injection every 6 hours for 48 hours. Fewer infants receiving dexamethasone had convulsions during treatment (18% compared with 52%), and fewer (18%) of them died than in the group who did not receive dexamethasone (40%). Dexamethasone may have a role in the management of hypernatraemic dehydration in infants. PMID- 7212763 TI - Successful use of danazol for hereditary angio-oedema. AB - A 10-year-old boy with severe hereditary angio-oedema was given danazol, 200 mg each day. There was a pronounced reduction in the frequency and severity of oedema. PMID- 7212765 TI - Bacteriuria in the neonate. PMID- 7212762 TI - Childhood accidents--an endemic of epidemic proportion. AB - Information about accidental injury to children was obtained by studying children who presented at hospitals in South Glamorgan during a 6-month period. Just under 10 000 children who lived in the area presented at hospital, which, if extrapolated means that 20% of children each year might be expected to attend hospital after an accident. The majority (71%) of children needed only simple investigation, treatment, or reassurance. The distance between the site of the accident and the hospital was directly related to the number of children presenting. The most common cause of injury was a fall, but dog bites also caused concern. Bicycle injuries were more common than police statistics indicate. We conclude that accident and emergency departments should give special attention to children. PMID- 7212767 TI - Xanthines and necrotising enterocolitis. PMID- 7212766 TI - Superficial skin necrosis in babies prepared for umbilical arterial catheterisation. PMID- 7212764 TI - Cure og giggle micturition.. AB - Two boys, aged 11 and 13, had involuntary, unstoppable, and complete emptying of the bladder on laughter. In one the wetting occurred only when standing and in company, but in the other occurred regardless of posture or company. One boy had a strong family history of wetting including a grandmother who had giggle micturition as a teenager. The symptoms had been present for between 1 and 2 years. However, unlike cases previously reported, each boy was cured--one within 6 weeks and the other within 6 months. It is not clear how much of the success was due to the general sympathetic and confidence-building measures used, advice about posture, or to the drug propantheline. PMID- 7212769 TI - In vitro studies on the human cellular immune response to commercially available herpes simplex antigens. AB - Patients with recurrent herpes labialis and genitalis as well as normal controls were tested for the in vitro responsiveness of their lymphocytes to mitogens, to several herpes antigens and to carrier medium alone (containing chorioallantois membrane antigens). No statistically significant differences were found in the results with the direct and indirect migration inhibitory test (MIF) and in studies of the blastogenic response of lymphocytes (LTT) among the three groups. These findings held up when correlations were drawn to severity or course of the disease and suggest that immunological modulation can play at most a minor role in inducing recurrent herpes simplex infections. PMID- 7212768 TI - Increased "in vivo" lymphocyte blastogenesis in the peripheral blood of patients with atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. AB - The spontaneous 3H-thymidine (3HT) labelling of some lymphocyte subpopulations has been studied in the peripheral blood of five patients with atopic dermatitis and five with widespread allergic contact dermatitis and compared with that in 10 healthy subjects. One hour after addition of 3HT to heparinized blood, lymphocytes were separated and processed with two different rosetting techniques (E-rosette test and Active E-rosette test). The cell suspensions were cytocentrifugated and autoradiography undertaken. An increased number of 3HT labelled lymphocytes was observed in the peripheral blood of patients with dermatitis as compared to controls. These labelled lymphocytes were E-rosette forming cells (T cells) and E-non-rosette-forming cells (non-rosette-forming T cells and non-T cells). The ratio between the labelling index (LI) of E-rosette- to the LI of non-E-rosette-forming cells was in favour of T cells in allergic contact dermatitis (ratio = 3.09) whereas in atopic dermatitis (ratio = 0.93) the DNA synthesis was relatively greater in the non-rosette-forming cells. It is suggested that this increased LI of peripheral blood lymphocytes could be related to the increased derman mononuclear cell 3HT-labelling that has been reported previously in these inflammatory skin diseases. PMID- 7212770 TI - Pathologic S-phase in the cells of eccrine sweat glands and of hair follicles in psoriasis. AB - The prolongation of the S-phase, characteristic of psoriatic keratinocytes, can be observed in cells of the eccrine sweat glands as well as in those of the infundibular part of hair follicles. In healthy individuals the average duration of DNA-synthesis time (ts) in the cells of the hair follicle is 6.8 h, in unaffected psoriatic skin 11.6 h, and in affected psoriatic skin 8.4 h. Ts in the proliferating cells of the eccrine sweat glands reveals no difference between normal skin and unaffected psoriatic skin, but is markedly prolonged in affected psoriatic skin. PMID- 7212772 TI - Influence of cyproterone acetate and estradiol on cell kinetics in the sebaceous gland of the golden hamster ear. AB - The cell kinetics of the sebaceous gland of the hamster ear were analysed in untreated animals, in animals treated with cyproterone acetate, and in animals treated with estradiol. Both active substances lead to a reduction in the size of the sebaceous gland (measurement with the integration plate), to a reduction of mitoses (colcemide method), to a reduction in the 3H-thymidine labelling index, to a prolongation of the S-phase (double labelling technique with 3H- and 14C thymidine), and to a decrease in the number of cells labelled with 3H-thymidine which remain in contact with the basal lamina of the sebaceous gland 6 days after application of the isotope. The results indicate that, like cyproterone acetate, estradiol reduces the effect of androgens on cell kinetics in the sebaceous gland under the test conditions chosen, even if in an entirely different way. PMID- 7212771 TI - A reflectometric method for the standardized evaluation of pharmacological influence on various ultraviolet erythemas. AB - The influence of pharmaceutics with unknown modes of action on an ultraviolet erythema with familiar etiology offers conclusions as to the pharmaceutic's points of operation. Inversely, the influence of pharmaceutics with a known mode of action on erythemas whose pathomechanism is unknown permits insights into the erythemas' etiology. Based upon these propositions a new precise method for measuring intensities of erythema was developed. The article describes the use of this method in investigating various types of erythemas and the influence of different drugs upon them. The objective measurement of various erythemas was conducted by means of reflectometry. The term "treatment factor" is newly introduced and defined as a quotient of the reflectance of treatment and control fields. The data processing method used to evaluate the individual reflectance values is elaborated. Various possibilities for coordinating control and test fields are illustrated. PMID- 7212773 TI - Study of phagocytic function with a quantitative nitroblue-Tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test in diabetes mellitus. AB - In 40 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and in 18 healthy volunteers the phagocytic function was investigated using a quantitative NBT test. The NBT reduction was significantly lower in diabetes than in healthy donors irrespective of affliction with other dermatoses. A significant correlation was found between the severity and hence the insulin dependency of diabetics and the NBT-reductive capacity. PMID- 7212774 TI - The sensitivity of human skin to UV-A as a function of time oral administration of 8-MOP. PMID- 7212775 TI - Transfer factor therapy in psoriasis. PMID- 7212776 TI - Cholesterolester accumulation. PMID- 7212778 TI - The incidence and severity of acute respiratory illness in families exposed to different levels of air pollution, New York metropolitan area, 1971-1972. AB - The incidence and severity of acute respiratory disease was studied in families in three New York communities with different ambient levels of SO2 and particulate air pollution. Upper, lower, and total respiratory disease rates in fathers, mothers, and school children tended to be higher in the communities with higher pollution levels. Similar higher rates, however, were not observed among preschool children. Regression analyses were used to adjust rates for socioeconomic status, parental smoking, chronic bronchitis in parents, and possible indoor pollution resulting from the use of a gas stove for cooking. After these adjustments the community differences were still significant (P less than .01), for schoolchildren. The indoor pollution related to gas stoves was a significant covariate among children. The effects of smoking were inconsistent. It was not possible to attribute the higher rates observed to any specific pollutant, since both SO2 and particulate matter levels were higher in the high pollution communities, nor was it possible to attribute the excesses to current levels of exposure or to a residual effect of previous higher exposure concentrations. The fact that young children did not follow the pattern suggests the latter. It was concluded, however, that current or previous exposures to the complexity of air pollutants in New York City was at least partially responsible for increased incidences of acute respiratory disease. PMID- 7212777 TI - Biochemical changes in humans upon exposure to nitrogen dioxide while at rest. AB - The biological response to controlled exposures of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was studied in 19 human subjects exposed to 0.2 ppm NO2 for 2 hr and compared to 15 control subjects exposed to filtered air for 2 hr. Seven biochemical blood parameters, including glutathione, red blood cell glutathione reductase, 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, methemoglobin, vitamin E, complement C2, and IgA were measured prior to exposure, immediately after exposure, and 22 hr following exposure. The only variable that showed significant change due to NO2 exposure was glutathione. Glutathione is known to protect the erythrocyte from oxidative stress. The increase in glutathione observed upon exposure to NO2 may be a protective reaction of the erythrocyte to meet the oxidative stress. PMID- 7212779 TI - A follow-up study of the grain elevator workers in the Port of Vancouver. PMID- 7212780 TI - Organochlorine pesticide concentrations in perinatal samples from mothers and babies. AB - Samples were obtained from Dutch mothers and their babies throughout the perinatal period and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection for a range of organochlorine pesticides. Organochlorine concentrations in the blood of breast or bottle-fed babies were not significantly different. Differences in organochlorine concentrations in blood between mothers who had "slimmed" and those who had not were small, but it must be noted that there were few slimming mothers in our sample. Twelve to 21% and 36-61% of the estimated daily intake of dieldrin and DDT, respectively, by mothers may be eliminated by lactation. The placenta restricts the transmission of organochlorine pesticides to the fetus to some extent. The very low concentrations of organochlorine in fetal blood prevented a study of the comparative metabolism in mothers and babies. PMID- 7212781 TI - [Adenomatoid malformation of the lung. A study on thirteen observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212782 TI - [Montgomery xanthomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212783 TI - [Osteoarticular determination of ochronosis. Ultrastructural study. Report on a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212784 TI - [The liver of HBs Ag healthy carriers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212785 TI - [Gland adenoma of the oesophagus resembling mucus gland adenoma of the bronchus (a case report with histological and ultrastructural studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212786 TI - [Ovarian gonadoblastoma, hemi-atrophy and balanced autosomal translocation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7212787 TI - Effects of transient ischemia on nutrient flow and arteriovenous shunting in canine hindlimb. AB - A canine model was developed to simulate use of a pneumatic tourniquet in the clinical setting in order to study the acute and delayed effects of transient ischemia on limb and tissue blood flow, using radioactive microspheres and electromagnetic flow probes. Experimental femoral artery flow rose markedly after tourniquet ischemia, and remained significantly elevated for 24 hours (p less than 0.01). Blood flow to the rectus femoris and anterior tibial muscles rose significantly (p less than 0.05) immediately after tourniquet ischemia, and the latter remained significantly elevated at 24 hours (p less than 0.05). Blood flow to the skin of the experimental limbs was elevated significantly (p less than 0.05), immediately ater tourniquet ischemia, and at no other time. Blood flow to the nerves did not increase to its maximum until 15 minutes after tourniquet deflation, and by 24 hours was normal. Tibial and femoral marrow blood flow remained significantly lower in the experimental limb throughout the 24-hour period. Ater tourniquet ischemia (300 mmhg; 2 hours), greatly increased femoral artery flow was related to reactive hyperemia in skin, muscle, and nerve. Twenty four hours after tourniquet deflation, there was a significant increase in femoral artery and anterior tibial muscle blood flow, and significant arteriovenous shunting from the experimental limb. These data suggest that the hemodynamic response to a transient ischemic injury is more prolonged and of greater magnitude than previously believed. PMID- 7212790 TI - Mathematic coupling of data: a common source of error. AB - The relationship between two variables may be mathematically coupled if either one or both variables are derived and/or calculated, and this can lead to erroneous results and invalid conclusions. The purpose of this report is to identify four types of mathematic coupling of data. Type 1 coupling involves directional changes in two variables which are mathematically coupled. Type 2 coupling is the functional relationship between two calculated variables which have one or more common component variables. Type 3, the most common type of mathematic coupling, is direct algebraic coupling between two variables, when one or more of the variables is derived and/or calculated. Type 4 is indirect coupling or physiologic coupling. The common problem in each type of mathematic coupling is that one variable either directly or indirectly contains the whole or components of the second variable. Statistical techniques, when properly applied to the relationship between the two variables, further obscure the underlying mathematic coupling, and tend to support the erroneous results. Recognition of mathematic coupling is imperative for correct data analysis and accurate interpretation. PMID- 7212789 TI - Effect of external pressure on axillofemoral bypass grafts. AB - External compression of axillofemoral grafts has been suggested many times as a cause for graft thrombosis. Thrombosis during sleep is the most common presentation of axillofemoral graft failure. Therefore, external compression of the graft by the body weight has been implicated in graft thrombosis. Six consecutive patients with axillofemoral bypass grafts for aortoiliac disease were studied on routine clinic visits. Pulsatile flow characteristics were studied by pulse volume recordings (PVR) and segmental Doppler pressure measurements in calf and ankle, prior to and during attempted graft compression, by having the patient lay on the graft. External compression by body weight did not alter the PVR and segmental Doppler pressure (P = NS) in the distal circulation. Therefore, these data suggest that external compression by the body weight may not be the primary cause of graft failure. PMID- 7212788 TI - Arterial shunting as an adjunct to major limb revascularization. AB - Temporary arterial and venous shunting has been employed to reduce warm ischemia in major limb replantation and revascularization on eight occasions. This has allowed identification of vital structures, thorough debridement, and rigid internal or external skeletal fixation prior to definitive arterial repair. Arterial shunting has not been associated with any significant complications and has improved our operative technique in these severe vascular injuries. PMID- 7212791 TI - Neurohumoral inhibitory mechanism initiated by antral distension. AB - This study examines the effect of graded antral distension with acid (0.1 M HCl) or alkali (0.1 M NaHCO3) on pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in two groups of dogs. Group A consisted of six dogs provided with innervated antral pouch. In these dogs, the vagal branches to the fundus, as well as the extragastric vagal divisions (hepatic and celiac), were preserved. All of these animals had a gastric fistula in the main stomach, and in two a denervated fundic pouch or Heidenhain pouch was constructed in addition. Group B consisted of four dogs with an innervated antral pouch and gastric fistula. In this latter group, however, parietal cell vagotomy as well as extragastric vagotomy (division of the hepatic and celiac branches) was performed so that the only vagal communication was between the antrum and the CNS. Antral distension with acid caused significant inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion from both the gastric fistula and the Heidenhain pouch in Group A dogs. Antral acidification without distension did not inhibit. Alkaline antral distension in this group caused much less inhibition of acid secretion, but did cause significant increase in circulating immunoreactive gastrin. In Group B dogs, antral distension with neither acid nor alkali caused inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion, indicating that intact vagal supply to the oxyntic mucosa and/or to the extragastric abdominal organs is necessary for the inhibitory mechanism to operate. The results of this study suggest that: a) antral acidification per se does not inhibit pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion; and b) antral distension with acid, and to a lesser extent with alkali, is inhibitory only if vagal innervation to the fundus and other abdominal viscera is preserved. The observations are compatible with the hypothesis that antral distension activates a neurohumoral inhibitory mechanism releasing the inhibitor reflexly from sites other than the antrum or CNS. PMID- 7212792 TI - Black pigment or polybilirubinate gallstones: composition and formation. AB - Black pigment, extracted from gallstones from patients, has been characterized as polybilirubinate. A similar material with the same physical properties was synthesized from bilirubin. The properties of black pigment are described. A mechanism for black pigment formation is postulated, and the possible relationship of this pigment to the formation of gallstones is discussed. PMID- 7212793 TI - Superior gastric reduction procedure for morbid obesity: a prospective, randomized trial. AB - A prospective randomized clinical trial was undertaken to compare the effects of gastric bypass with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy and a gastric partitioning procedure. Operative groups were comparable, with regard to preoperative weight, age, sex, historic findings and operative complications. Post-operative weight loss was followed for one year. Patients receiving the gastric partitioning procedure showed significantly poorer weight loss as early as three months postoperatively than did those receiving gastric bypass. This poorer performance persisted throughout the study period. PMID- 7212794 TI - Whole blood versus packed-cell transfusions: a physiologic comparison. AB - Twenty-eight patients undergoing major aortic reconstructions were prospectively randomized into two groups to compare blood replacement with either whole blood (WB) or packed cells (PRBC). Cardiac index (CI), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt), serum colloid osmotic pressure (COP), platelets, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and fibrinogen were measured before operation, during operation, and for three days after operation. The postoperative CI increased significantly in both groups from preoperative value, but was not significantly different between the groups. In the PRBC group, there was a significant decrease in postoperative COP and COP PCWP gradient from preoperative value. This did not occur in the WB group. There was no significant difference between groups in postoperative Qs/Qt, nor was there any evidence of clinical or radiographic pulmonary dysfunction. Both groups manifested a prolongation of the PT and PTT immediately after operation, but these returned to normal without intervention by the first day after operation. It is felt that blood replacement with reconstituted packed red cells can provide effective volume replacement without producing coagulopathy. The decreases observed in COP and COP-PCWP gradient do not result in physiologic or clinical evidence of significant pulmonary dysfunction. PMID- 7212795 TI - Cholangitis due to malignant obstruction of biliary outflow. AB - This study reports the clinical presentation and hospital course of 21 patients with cholangitis and malignant diseases, obstructing the biliary tree. Eleven of 21 patients had cholangitis as the initial presentation of biliary disease, and the diagnosis of carcinoma was made at operation or autopsy examination. A total of 14 patients with cholangitis had no prior biliary surgery. Patients who underwent operations to relieve biliary obstructions during episodes of cholangitis had greater incidences of resolution of cholangitis (eight of 14 patients) than those patients treated non-operatively (none of eight patients). Only five patients survived long enough to leave the hospital, but each of these patients were palliated by some sort of drainage procedure. These data suggest that a small portion of this high risk group of patients may benefit significantly from early operative therapy of their cholangitis. PMID- 7212796 TI - Factors contributing to recurrent lower limb ischemia following bypass surgery for aortoiliac occlusive disease, and their management. AB - Fifty-eight patients have been treated for recurrent lower limb ischemia following bypass surgery for aortoiliac occlusive disease over a three-year period. Based on clinical case notes, angiograms, operative notes and histologic examination of endarterectomy specimens, 32 patients (55.2%) were found to have progressive atherosclerotic occlusion involving the inflow (seven patients) or outflow (25 patients) tracts. Seven patients (12.0%) had problems related to graft angulation or mural thrombus fragmentation and, in four patients, anastomotic fibroplasia was demonstrated. Fifteen patients (25.9%) had not had their disease bypassed by the primary operation and required reoperation within one year. It is suggested that the use of juxtarenal end-to-end proximal anastomosis, extending to the groins distally in most cases, and good graft to host size match may be important considerations. Management entailed major aortic reconstructions in 28 patients, and local groin procedures or crossover grafts in 30 patients. There was one postoperative death (1.7%). Two patients had amputations (3.4%) although all grafts were functioning at the time the patients were discharged from the hospital. Major complications were more frequent following aortic reconstruction, and operations of this magnitude may, possibly, be confined to patients with aortic inflow obstruction, infection involving the graft body or redundancy of the graft body causing sufficient angulation to cause obstruction. PMID- 7212798 TI - Clostridium septicum infection and malignancy. AB - Evidence mounts favoring the relationship, albeit unexplained, between Clostridium septicum infection and malignancy, particularly hematologic or intestinal malignancy. Seven patients with C. septicum gangrene or sepsis have been treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital in the years 1977-79. All of these patients have had associated malignant disease: four patients had colon adenocarcinomas, two patients had acute myeloblastic leukemias, and one patient had breast carcinoma. In six of the seven patients, the malignancy was in an advanced state; the breast carcinoma showed no evidence of recurrence after mastectomy, 17 years earlier. A bowel portal of entry is postulated in five patients. Despite prompt use of appropriate antibiotics, the only survivors were two of the four patients who underwent early extensive debridement. These results suggest that, in the patient with C. septicum infection, malignancy should be sought; that, in the septic patient with known malignancy, C. septicum should be considered; and that, in the absence of external source in the patient with clostridial myonecrosis or sepsis, the cecum or distal ileum should be considered a likely site of infection. Increased awareness of this association between C. septicum and malignancy, and aggressive surgical treatment, may result in improvement in the present 50-70% mortality rate. PMID- 7212797 TI - Screening for liver metastases from colorectal cancer with carcinoembryonic antigen and alkaline phosphatase. AB - A sensitive and economic method of screening for liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer was developed using serum alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen. The upper limit of normal for alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen did not represent the optimal levels for use in predicting liver metastases. However, with alkaline phosphatase greater than 135 I.U., and/or carcinoembryonic antigen greater than 10 ng/ml, sensitivity was 88%: 23 of 26 patients with liver metastases fulfilled either or both criteria. The false-positive rate was 12%. Liver scanning, alone, demonstrated metastases in only 69% of 35 patients with liver metastases. The combination of alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen can be used economically to screen for liver metastases, and to determine which patients should undergo a liver scan. PMID- 7212799 TI - Isolated regional lymph node dissection: morbidity, mortality and economic considerations. AB - Between 1971-1979, 330 consecutive isolated regional lymph node dissections (RLNDs) were performed as therapeutic procedures for metastatic disease, at the University of Louisville Affiliated Hospitals and the Ellis-Fischel State Cancer Hospital in Columbia, Missouri. This retrospective analysis includes 133 radical neck RLNDs, 87 axillary RLNDs, and 110 superficial groin RLNDs. All accessioned cases were elective and were performed as isolated procedures, discrete from resection of contiguous or remote organs. No patients received preoperative irradiation, chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Forty-eight per cent of the 330 RLND procedures resulted in some form of postoperative complication. However, 91% of the incurred morbidity was localized to the operative site and was related to serum collection and/or flap necrosis. The occurrence of postoperative complications for each RLND site resulted in a prolongation of the patients' hospital stays by a mean of 9 days, and was most extended for the superficial groin RLND by a mean of 11 days. Nine patients (3%) died. These data for morbidity and mortality rates, as well as the implicit economic impact, represent substantial factors in the utilization of elective RLND. PMID- 7212801 TI - The role of Chiba-needle cholangiography in the diagnosis of possible acute pancreatitis with cholelithiasis. AB - In patients with suspected severe acute pancreatitis and known or suspected cholelithiasis, it may be extremely difficult to exclude the diagnosis of gangrenous cholecystitis or obstructive cholangitis by nonoperative means. Since early intra-abdominal surgery has, in our experience, led to markedly increased morbidity in patients with gallstone pancreatitis, non-operative visualization of the biliary tree by percutaneous transhepatic Chiba-needle cholangiography (PTCNC) has been evaluated in 14 patients with suspected acute pancreatitis in whom life-threatening acute biliary disease could not be excluded by other nonoperative means. The final diagnosis was acute pancreatitis in nine patients (Group A) (mean serum amylase 3242 SU%) and acute biliary disease with hyperamylasemia in five patients (Group B) (mean serum amylase 2084 SU%). PTCNC made visualization of the biliary system possible in all patients and excluded the diagnosis of cystic duct or common duct obstruction in each case. Following PTCNC, potentially hazardous early laparotomy was avoided in eight of nine Group A patients. Biliary surgery was undertaken on day 3 to 13 in four Group B patients. When early laparotomy may be needed to evaluate or treat possible life threatening acute biliary disease but is considered undesirable because of possible acute pancreatitis. PTCNC appears to be a safe and effective nonoperative method of obtaining precise anatomical delineation of the biliary tree. PMID- 7212800 TI - A multifactorial analysis of melanoma: III. Prognostic factors in melanoma patients with lymph node metastases (stage II). AB - Twelve prognostic features of melanoma were examined in a series of 185 patients with nodal metastases (Stage II), who underwent surgical treatment at our institution during the past 20 years. Forty-four per cent of the patients presented with synchronous nodal metastases (substage IIA), 44% of the patients had delayed nodal metastases (substage IIB), and 12% of the patients had nodal metastases from an unknown primary site (substage IIC). The patients with IIB (delayed) metastases had a better overall survival rate than patients with IIA (synchronous) metastases, when calculated from the time of diagnosis. These differences could be explained on the basis of tumor burden at the time of initial diagnosis (microscopic for IIB patients versus macroscopic for IIA patients). Once nodal metastases became evident in IIB patients, their survival rates were the same as for substage IIA patients, when calculated from the onset of nodal metastases. The survival rates for both subgroups was 28% at five years and 15% for ten years. Substage IIC patients (unknown 1 degrees site) had better five-year survival rates (39%), but the sample size was small and the differences were not statistically significant. A multifactorial analysis was used to identify the dominant prognostic variables from among 12 clinical and pathologic parameters. Only two factors were found to independently influence survival rates: 1) the number of metastatic nodes (p = 0.005), and the presence or absence of ulceration (p = 0.0019). Additional factors considered that had either indirect or no influence on survival rates (p > 0.10) were: anatomic location, age, sex, remission duration, substage of disease, tumor thickness, level of invasion, pigmentation, and lymphocyte infiltration. All combinations of nodal metastases were analyzed from survival differences. The combination that showed the greatest differences was one versus two to four versus more than four nodes. Their five-year survival rates were 58%, 27% and 10%, respectively (p < 0.001). Ulceration of the primary cutaneous melanoma was associated with a <15% five-year survival rate, while nonulcerative melanomas had a 30% five-year survival rate (p < 0.001). The combination of ulceration and multiple metastatic nodes had a profound adverse effect on survival rates. While tumor thickness was the most important factor in predicting the risk of nodal metastases in Stage I patients (p < 10(-8)), it had no predictive value on the patient's clinical course once nodal metastases had occurred (p = 0.507). The number of metastatic nodes and the presence of ulceration are important factors to account for when comparing surgical results, and when analyzing the efficacy of adjunctive systemic treatments. PMID- 7212802 TI - Carcinoma of the stomach. Why are we falling to improve survival? AB - Review of 298 cases of primary gastric malignancy from 1958 to 1978 revealed 265 cases of adenocarcinoma. Overall 5-year survival rate was a disappointing 5.5%, which was less than the earlier series of Oschner Clinic (7.5%). Curative resections produced a five-year survival rate of 26%. Patients presented with advanced disease; 84% had Stage III or IV disease at time of initial observation. The introduction of fiberoptic endoscopy during this period greatly enhanced the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of tissue-proven cancer from 6% before fiberoptic to 58% since. Worldwide experience is much better, with overall five year survival rate of 17.9%. Excellent survival statistics from Japanese studies reflect both the effects of mass surveying and early surgery and the prevalence of superficial spreading type of cancer. Improvement of results in this country will require more aggressive evaluation and earlier surgical intervention. PMID- 7212803 TI - Comparison of penetrating injuries of the right and left colon. AB - Controversy still exists whether penetrating injuries of the right colon have more favorably than those to the left. The importance of the issue rests in the operative management. This is a review of 50 cases of penetrating injuries of the right colon and 55 of the left treated at our institution from 1975 to 1980. The two patient groups were similar with respect to mechanism of injury, presence of shock at admission, degree of fecal contamination, severity of injury, and the percentage of cases with associated intra-abdominal injuries. The number of patients managed by primary repair or resection (52 vs. 45%), repair or resection with exteriorization (20 vs. 22%), and colostomy (28 vs. 33%) were also comparable in right versus left injuries. The treatment of right colon injuries resulted in 32% morbidity rate and 2% mortality rate, and that of left sided injuries 33% morbidity and rate of 4% mortality rate. These findings indicate that, despite known anatomic and physiologic differences, penetrating trauma to the right and left colon should be managed similarly. PMID- 7212807 TI - Vertebral artery reconstruction. A successful technique in selected patients. AB - Fourteen patients were selected to have a total of 15 vertebral artery reconstructions in a four-year period. They all had incapacitating neurologic symptoms, and detailed investigations had been done to rule out other possible causes. If more than one lesion was present in the angiogram, priority was given to the reconstruction of carotid lesions. If symptoms persisted, vertebral artery stenoses were considered significant only if they involved greater than or equal to 75% of the cross-sectional area with the other vertebral artery being equally diseased or absent. The preferred operation was a vertebral artery bypass, although four reimplantations were done. Postoperative angiograms showed all grafts to be patent. Patency was confirmed again at 28 +/- 16 SD months by Doppler imaging. There were no operative neurologic deficits or deaths. All patients but one (in whom the selection protocol was not followed strictly) were relieved of their incapacitating symptoms. PMID- 7212804 TI - Rectal suction biopsy for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. AB - The diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease is at times difficult, particularly in the young patient. Since 1972 we have used rectal suction biopsy as a screening technique in neonates and infants with failure to pass meconium or evidence of obstruction. In addition, it is used to confirm the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease when suspected by barium enema study. This technique has been used in 444 patients, 302 of whom were less than one year of age. No anesthesia is necessary, and there have been no associated complications. Only one patient early in the study had an initial misdiagnosis. There have been no false-positive or false negative specimens since this initial problem, and no patients have undergone inappropriate pull-through procedures for suspected Hirschsprung's disease. It is recommended that all neonates who do not pass meconium in the first 48 hours of life undergo rectal suction biopsy to establish the diagnosis of congenital megacolon. PMID- 7212805 TI - Surgical resection of metastatic parathyroid carcinoma. AB - The incidence of parathyroid carcinoma is no more than 0.5 to 3% of parathyroid neoplasms and can often be cured by an adequate initial surgical excision. If the carcinoma has already spread outside the capsule or is implanted at surgery, the chance of local recurrence is high, but is best managed by surgical resection of any recurrence. Distant metastases occur less frequently, but the associated hypercalcemia is poorly controlled by hormonal, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Though the chance for cure is small, a review of previously reported cases and our own experience leads us to encourage an aggressive search for metastases, and if possible, surgical resection. If not curative, this approach will often allow prolonged palliation of the effect of hypercalcemia. PMID- 7212806 TI - A prognostic model for clinical stage I melanoma of the upper extremity. The importance of anatomic subsites in predicting recurrent disease. AB - Thirteen variables were studied for their relative usefulness in predicting recurrent disease in 107 patients with clinical Stage I melanoma of the upper extremity. After a mean follow-up period of 54 months, the only patents who have had recurrent disease to date are those who primary lesions were located either on the hand or posterior upper arm. The five-year disease-free survival role for 44 patients with melanoma at these sites was 68%. None of 63 patients with melanoma located on the forearm of anterior upper arm have had recurrent disease (i.e., the five-year, disease-free survival rate was 100% (p = 0.00004), compared with the hand or posterior arm group). A Cox proportional hazards (multivariate) analysis demonstrated that two primary tumor histologic variable, thickness in millimeters and ulceration, interacted to produce the best prognostic model for those 44 patients with melanoma of the hand or posterior upper arm. Twenty-one patients with primary lesions at these sites had primary tumors less than 2.25 mm in thickness and no evidence of ulceration histologically. Their five-year, disease-free survival role was 95%. For the remaining 23 patients with primary tumors on the hand or posterior upper arm who had either histologic evidence of ulceration or primary tumors greater than or equal to 2.25 mm, the five-year disease-free survival rate was 37% (p = 0.002, compared with group nonulcerated, thin lesions). The excellent survival rate for patients with melanomas on the forearm or anterior upper arm was not completely explained by pathologic stage, by primary tumor thickness, or by histologic ulceration of the primary tumor. PMID- 7212809 TI - Gangrene of the toes with palpable peripheral pulses. AB - Thirty-five patients with gangrene or pregangrene of the feed associated with palpable peripheral pulses have been treated with the platelet suppressive drugs aspirin and dipyridamole. Sulphinpyrazone was substituted for two patients who could not tolerate aspirin. Complete reversal of the signs and symptoms occurred in more than 50% of the treated patients. Recurrence of pain occurred in the five patients in whom antiplatelet therapy was discontinued. Reversal of symptoms was again achieved by reintroduction of the drugs. An increased incidence of spontaneous platelet aggregation and hypersensitive platelets was observed in those patients who responded to platelet suppressive therapy. These results indicate that platelet suppressive therapy is of therapeutic value in selected patients with peripheral gangrene. PMID- 7212810 TI - Recognition and surgical management of patent but hemodynamically failed arterial grafts. AB - During a five-year period, 34 patients had persistence or recurrence of abnormal hemodynamic measurements in limbs after arterial reconstruction depsite graft patency documented by arteriography. Initial operations included aortofemoral (four), femorofemoral (ten), femoropopliteal (18), and femorotibial (two) bypass. Immediate postoperative hemodynamic failure was documented in seven patients by a mean ankle/brachial systolic pressure index increase of only 0.05 +/- 0.04 following the initial reconstruction. The remaining 27 patients had delayed hemodynamic failure; mean increase in ankle pressure was only 0.06 +/- 0.05 from the preoperative period until time of detection of failure (average duration 2.5 years). In all 34 patients, arteriography demonstrated patency of the initial graft. In conjunction with the vascular laboratory examination, arteriography identified the cause of hemodynamic failure to be inadequate inflow in 10 patients, poor outflow in 16, combined inflow and outflow obstruction in one, and graft stenosis in seven. Unrecognized stenosis in areas proximal (two patients) and distal (three patients) to the bypass emphasized the importance of complete biplanar arteriography before initial operation. Reoperation was successful in correcting hemodynamic failure in 26 patients (76.5%) with a mean increase in ankle index of 0.41 +/- 0.15. Operation was technically not feasible in four patients and was not performed in another four patients because of concomitant medical problems. In two of these patients, progression to graft thrombosis was documented. The results of this study suggest that early objective recognition of an anatomically patent but hemodynamically failed graft is possible by frequent noninvasive testing. Prompt investigation by arteriography defines the cause and location of failure, and reoperation restores normal limb hemodynamics. Most important, reoperation permits salvage of the majority of these patent grafts prior to ultimate failure from thrombosis. PMID- 7212811 TI - Fatal myocardial infarction following lower extremity revascularization. Two hundred seventy-three patients followed six to eleven postoperative years. AB - Routine preoperative coronary angiography has been recommended to all patients scheduled for elective lower extremity revascularization at the Cleveland Clinic since 1978. Patients found to have severe, correctable coronary artery disease (CAD) have been advised to undergo myocardial revascularization prior to surgical management of lower extremity ischemia in an attempt to reduce the incidence of fatal postoperative myocardial infarction. In order to provide an historic standard with which the results of this approach may eventually be compared, complete follow-up information has been obtained for 95% of 273 consecutive patients who underwent lower extremity revascularization between 1969 and 1973. Fatal myocardial infarction accounted for 52% of early postoperative deaths and occurred in 3.3% of the entire series. Among the patients who survived operation, the five-year mortality rate was 20% and the 11-year mortality rate was 40%. Complications of CAD caused 50% of the deaths that occurred within five years postoperatively and 55% of the deaths that have occurred within 11 years. The incidence of fatal myocardial infarction within five years after operation among patients who had preoperatively evidence of CAD was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7212813 TI - Carcinoma arising in pilonidal sinuses. AB - Pilonidal carcinoma is an infrequent complication of pilonidal disease. The surgeon's suspicion should be raised in cases of longstanding pilonidal inflammation. The disease occurs most frequently in men. The lesion is often a well-differentiated squamous carcinoma. Wide excisions at the initial procedure following a brief period of local wound care, is the optimum treatment and increases the chances for a five-year survival. Definitive closure of the defect is delayed and accomplished by rotational flaps or skin grafts. It palpable nodes are present in the inguinal region they should be biopsied even though this does not necessarily connote metastasis. When inguinal node metastasis is present, this is associated with a poor prognosis. The incidence of occult node metastasis is not known because no prophylactic groin dissections were performed. Staged groin dissections were not associated with any long-term survivals. The series was too small to determine its palliative potential. Radiation therapy may palliate local bone or soft tissue recurrences. Re-excisions of local soft tissue recurrences can provide, in some instances, long disease-free intervals. Both topical and systemic chemotherapy were administered in more recent cases with poor results, but this series is not large enough to form conclusions for this modality of treatment. PMID- 7212812 TI - Changes in serum total creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and its isoenzymes caused by experimental ligation of the superior mesenteric artery. AB - The changes in serum total CPK and its isoenzymes have not been delineated in acute mesenteric infarction. As measurement of serum CPK levels could conceivably be a useful diagnostic test for bowel infarction, this experiment was performed to assess changes in serum CPK levels in bowel infarction in dogs, using sham operation and talc peritonitis as controls. Laparotomies were performed in 20 dogs, and each was as signed randomly to one of three groups: those having laparotomy (LAP), talc peritonitis (PER), and superior mesenteric artery infarction (MAI). Mixed venous blood samples were obtained from all subjects for 30 hours after surgery. All animals were killed, and complete autopsies were performed. Confirmation of infarction and determination of its extent were obtained through both gross and microscopic examination of the gut in canines subjected to arterial infarction. Total serum CPK levels were determined by spectrophotometric analysis. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to determine the levels of each of the isoenzymes. Significant elevations of CPK and CPK-MM occurred nine hours after injury. CPK-BB reached maximum elevation by six hours, while CPK-MB did not reach its maximum until 24 hours after injury. From data in the study we conclude that total CPK and its isoenzymes become elevated in the serum of canines subjected to experimental superior mesenteric artery infarction. That CPK-BB elevations peak in the first 12 hours after injury and CPK-MB in the second 12 hours after injury may be of particular diagnostic significance. PMID- 7212808 TI - Finger gangrene caused by small artery occlusive disease. AB - Available evidence indicates that about one third of all patients presenting with localized finger gangrene developed the condition due to intrinsic occlusions of the small arteries of the hand and fingers caused by one of a variety of systemic diseases. We have treated 35 such patients in the past seven years. A variety of diagnostic tests allowed the establishment of the diagnosis of connective tissue disease in 14 patients, hypersensitivity angiitis in 13 patients, arteriosclerosis in five patients, and myeloid metaplasia, calciphylaxis, and carcinoma in one patient each. Treatment with cold and tobacco avoidance, vasodilators, and local debridement produced good results without amputation in 30 patients. Five patients required partial phalangeal amputation. These results suggest that appropriate diagnostic tests will allow an accurate diagnosis in all patients, and that the natural history is that of spontaneous improvement without major tissue loss. In our experience, surgical sympathectomy plays no role in the treatment of these patients. PMID- 7212815 TI - Current results with the Mustard operation for simple dextrotransposition. PMID- 7212814 TI - "Antral dysmotility". An unrecognized cause of chronic vomiting during infancy. AB - Ten infants who were less than nine months of age and had chronic nonbilious vomiting were evaluated for gastroesophageal reflux. Upper gastrointestinal series in all showed delayed gastric emptying, a funnel-shaped antrum, absent antral peristalsis, and gastroesophageal reflux. None had evidence of anatomic obstruction in the stomach or duodenum. Manometric studies of the esophagus revealed either normal (4 patients) or elevated (6 patients) lower esophageal sphincter pressures. One-hour esophageal pH probe tests were negative in seven of the ten infants. This obstruction to gastric emptying appears to represent a disorder of antral motility. Medical management, which consisted of small frequent feedings and postural therapy, was successful in six of the infants. The remaining four patients required pyloroplasty. All of the infants are now asymptomatic and gaining weight at either a normal or accelerated rate for their ages. Familiarity with this previously undescribed disorder should prevent the incorrect diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux secondary to lower esophageal sphincter incompetence and the resulting inappropriate surgical reconstruction. PMID- 7212816 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in pediatrics cardiovascular surgery: current practices. AB - A survey of 23 pediatric cardiovascular surgery programs demonstrated uniform use of prophylactic antibiotics for open-heart operations. Only 65% of the programs used prophylaxis for repair of patent ductus arteriosus. Cephalosporins were the most frequently used antibiotics, but aminoglycosides in combination with penicillins were used in approximately 25% of the operations. Antibiotics were most often started prior to operation (89.7%) and continued for less than five days. These data demonstrate that the use of prophylaxis in pediatric cardiovascular operations conforms to current guidelines. PMID- 7212818 TI - Bronchogenic carcinoma and postoperative empyema: is survival really enhanced? AB - From 1959 to 1974, 542 patients underwent curative resection for bronchogenic carcinoma. Postoperative empyema occurred in 17 of these patients. The overall 5 year survival of these 17 patients was only 18%, compared with 27% in the 525 patients without empyema. We were unable to demonstrate by our study or by a review of the literature that postoperative empyema favorably influences survival in patients who have had pulmonary resection for bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7212819 TI - Pulsatile sternal tumor: report of three cases and a review of the literature. AB - At our institution, 3 patients with pulsatile sternal tumor have been seen. Although ascending aortic aneurysm frequently is high on the list of differential diagnoses, the likelihood that this tumor is metastatic from either a primary renal or thyroid neoplasm is overwhelming. Of the 15 patients reported, 11 had metastases from a primary renal cell carcinoma, including all 3 of our patients. There were 2 patients with primary myeloma, the only histologically proved primary pulsatile sternal tumor. From the surgical standpoint, only the patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma has a chance of cure. With the recent report of 2 5-year survivors and our own experience of 1 patient with a long asymptomatic interval following resection of the primary kidney tumor and the secondary sternal metastasis, the attitude of hopelessness for these patients should be challenged and an aggressive approach considered. PMID- 7212817 TI - Correlation of patterns of subendocardial reperfusion and left ventricular performance after ischemia. AB - Ninety-three dogs were studied with normothermic or hypothermic ischemia for 60 or 90 minutes, with or without potassium cardioplegia. Radioactive-labeled microspheres (9 +/- 1) were injected into the aortic perfusion cannula just prior to aortic cross-clamping and at 2, 6, and 10 minutes after the clamp was released. Left ventricular (LV) function was analyzed with a right heart bypass model before and 45 minutes after the ischemia period. Changes in LV function were defined as the arithmetic difference in the center of mass between preischemia and postischemia computer-drawn Sarnoff curves. Regardless of technique of myocardial protection, increased subendocardial flow 2 minutes after ischemia correlated strongly with preservation of LV function (p less than 0.01). Well-preserved hearts showed a rapid return to normal levels of coronary blood flow (p less than 0.01). In contrast, a delay in the peaking of subendocardial flow to 10 minutes was associated with poor function (p less than 0.01). There was a high correlation between ultrastructural morphology and LV function. While well-preserved hearts showed early preferential subendocardial perfusion, the poorly protected myocardium is unable to restore adequate subendocardial flow early in the reperfusion period. PMID- 7212821 TI - Vascular rings: management and a proposed nomenclature. AB - Over 18 years, 33 patients with congenital vascular rings underwent surgical treatment. All patients had full recovery except 1 who died late. At the one month follow-up, 66.7% had complete relief of the presenting symptoms. Important aspects of the clinical picture, diagnostic methods, and treatment are presented. A coded nomenclature is proposed; we believe it to be accurate, inclusive, easy to remember, and readily referable to the embryological origin. PMID- 7212820 TI - Coarctation of the aorta: four unusual instances. AB - Four unusual instances of coarctation of the aorta are presented. Three coarctations were located proximal to the left subclavian artery, and the other was in the normal location with a patent ductus arteriosus and an anomalous distal right subclavian artery. Unusual coarctations can be identified on physical examination on the basis of variations of blood pressure and pulses in the upper extremities. Unilateral rib notching may be noted on chest roentgenogram, and an aortogram can delineate its exact location. Four separate means of surgical repair are described. PMID- 7212823 TI - Open mitral commissurotomy. AB - We analyzed the results obtained in 163 consecutive patients with "pure" mitral stenosis who underwent operation by the open approach exclusively. Calcification was found in the mitral valve leaflets in 11% of the patients and left atrial thrombus, in 13.2%. A statistically significant relationship was discovered between history of previous systemic embolism and cardiac rhythm (p less than 0.005). The subvalvular apparatus was affected in 66.6% of patients; most of them were in New York Heart Association Functional Class III (p less than 0.005). The frequency with which annuloplasty had to be performed because of mitral insufficiency after commissurotomy was statistically higher (p less than 0.025) among patients in Functional Class III. Early mortality was 1.2% and late mortality, 0.2% per patient-year. Two patients required late reoperation (0.4% per patient-year). One was in Functional Class III and the other, Functional Class IV before the first operation. Three patients sustained a late systemic embolism (0.6% per patient-year). All survivors but 1 are in Functional Class I (84.4%) or II (14.9%). PMID- 7212824 TI - Coronary artery injury by a valved external conduit. AB - A 4-month-old infant underwent repair of type I truncus arteriosus and died immediately after as a consequence of left main coronary artery compression by the metallic stent in the Dacron conduit. To avoid injury to the coronary vasculature, the future location of the porcine valve ring should be assessed and relocated if necessary. PMID- 7212825 TI - Spontaneous heterograft aortic valve failure. AB - Glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic valve prostheses have been in clinical use for ten years. The long-term durability of these valves remains unknown although they have functioned well in most large clinical series for more than five years. At the present time, several manufacturers produce bioprostheses mounted on flexible stents. This report concerns the failure of an Edwards porcine xenograft in the aortic position 15 months following implantation. At reoperation, the right and left coronary leaflets of the explanted valve were torn from the aortic wall. The loss of wall integrity suggests that during the process of mounting the xenograft on the flexible stent, the aortic walls of the bioprosthesis may have been thinned beyond a critical point of maintenance of wall strength. The pathological and clinical findings of similar cases are reviewed. PMID- 7212822 TI - False aneurysm and pseudo-false aneurysm of the left ventricle: etiology, pathology, diagnosis, and operative management. AB - Four patients are presented in whom either a false aneurysm or a "pseudo-false" aneurysm of the left ventricle developed following a myocardial infarction. False aneurysms of the left ventricle are unusual and are distinctly different from the more common true aneurysms. A false aneurysm is the result of a contained hematoma dissecting, into a transmural infarct. It communicates with the left ventricle through a small orifice. Previous descriptions of false aneurysms have stressed that their wall consists of pericardium and mural thrombus and lack identifiable epicardial or myocardial elements. Two pseudo-false aneurysms are described. They communicated with the left ventricle through a small orifice but their wall contained myocardial tissue. False aneurysms have a tendency to rupture and therefore their presence alone is an indication for operation. One of the pseudo-false aneurysms discussed ruptured into the right ventricle. The operation for false aneurysm may be simpler than that for true aneurysm since it might be possible to close the small communication into the left ventricle without resecting the entire aneurysm wall. PMID- 7212826 TI - Ebstein's anomaly: surgical treatment with tricuspid replacement without right ventricular plication. AB - Two patients with Ebstein's anomaly and severe cardiac impairment underwent surgical repair with tricuspid valve replacement and closure of associated congenital septal defects. No attempt was made to plicate the atrialized right ventricle. Good cardiac function was obtained at the end of the procedure, with uniform contractions of the whole right ventricle. Both patients are leading normal and active lives 38 and 32 months after operation. We believe that successful repair is achieved chiefly by placing a competent tricuspid valve on its true anatomical position, leaving the underlying atrialized portion of the ventricular wall undisturbed. That portion will contract and work synchronously with the rest of the right ventricle. PMID- 7212827 TI - Secondary sternal closure: a method of preventing cardiac compression. AB - A patient with severe congenital pulmonary stenosis who underwent pulmonary valvulectomy is reported. Acute cardiac compression and left ventricular failure developed in the immediate postoperative period. Because of extreme cardiac dilatation, the chest wall could not be closed. A technique of secondary sternal closure is described. PMID- 7212828 TI - A safe technique for removal of massive left atrial thrombus. AB - Open mitral operation in patients with massive left atrial thrombus still carries a high mortality due to intraoperative embolism. To prevent this danger, we have standardized a surgical technique that includes careful handling of the heart and use of suction, blockage of the mitral orifice, and excision of subendocardial thrombus. Our total experience with massive left atrial thrombosis comprises 30 patients. Seven out of 8 patients operated on before our present technique was used died in the hospital of irreversible cerebral damage. The other 22 patients underwent operation with this technique, and the thrombus was removed without mortality or morbidity. PMID- 7212830 TI - Closed operation for mitral stenosis. PMID- 7212829 TI - The cuffed endotracheal tube in emergency cardiopulmonary bypass operations. AB - A new use of the cuffed endotracheal tube as a right atrial venous return cannula in emergency cardiopulmonary bypass operations is described. The ready availability, low cost, and design of the cuffed endotracheal tube make it ideal in this situation. We have used it successfully on three occasions. PMID- 7212831 TI - A 25-year experience with the closed method of treatment in 139 patients with mitral stenosis. AB - A 25-year experience with 139 patients undergoing closed mitral commissurotomy is reviewed. The primary indication for closed mitral commissurotomy was mitral stenosis, but 24 patients also had other less important valvular defects. Preoperatively, all patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class III or IV. Average age was 46 years (range, 18 to 77 years). There were 24 men and 115 women. No further operation after initial closed mitral commissurotomy was required in 68% of the patients (95 patients), and NYHA Functional Classification was improved in 93%. Postoperative complications occurred in 3%, and operative mortality was 2.0%. Follow-up revealed restenosis in 6% of the patients, mitral regurgitation in 14%, complications in 7%, and late deaths in 3%. Reoperation, required in 32% (44 of 139 patients), included a second closed mitral commissurotomy (21 patients), open mitral commissurotomy (3), mitral valve replacement (MVR) (18), and MVR after a second closed mitral commissurotomy (2). Improvement in NYHA classification was found in 82% of these patients. Operative mortality was 9.5% for patients having a second closed mitral commissurotomy and 20% for those having MVR. PMID- 7212833 TI - Scalene node biopsy in pulmonary carcinoma: when is it indicated? AB - While there is universal agreement that palpable scalene lymph nodes should be biopsied in the preoperative evaluation of patients with carcinoma of the lung, the role of biopsy of nonpalpable scalene nodes remains unclear. This report evaluates the results of biopsy of nonpalpable scalene lymph nodes in 101 consecutive patients with bronchogenic carcinoma otherwise deemed candidates for pulmonary resection. The overall incidence of biopsy positive for metastatic disease was 8.9%. No patient with a peripheral primary lesion, regardless of size or cell type, had metastasis to scalene nodes. Six of 15 patients with centrally located adenocarcinomas showed scalene node metastasis, while only 1 of 40 patients with central squamous cell carcinomas had a positive scalene biopsy. Bilateral biopsy was no more likely to yield positive information than ipsilateral biopsy alone. We now recommend preoperative biopsy of nonpalpable scalene nodes only in patients with central lesions in whom the cell type is adenocarcinoma or unknown. PMID- 7212832 TI - Acute traumatic disruption of the thoracic aorta: a ten-year experience. AB - During a ten-year period, 44 patients were treated for acute traumatic disruption of the thoracic aorta. Of the 44 patients, 21 had operative repair within 48 hours of injury (Group 1); 14 patients had operative therapy electively delayed for 2 to 79 days (Group 2); 5 had operative therapy electively delayed indefinitely (Group 3); 2 had immediate operative repair when a delayed diagnosis was made at 21 and 56 days, respectively (Group 4); 1 patient died during angiography and 1 refused operation (Group 5). Mortality was as follows: Group 1, 24%; Group 2, 14% Group 3, 0; Group 4, 100%; and Group 5, 100%. All operative deaths occurred in the subgroup of 23 patients in whom left heart bypass was utilized. Immediate operative intervention with a heparinized shunt is preferable as soon as the diagnosis of thoracic aortic disruption has been established, but elective delay of operation in patients with severe concomitant injuries can be achieved safely with beta blockade and antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 7212834 TI - Use of circumferential stapler in reconstruction following resections for carcinoma of the cardia. AB - The use of the End-to-End Anastomosis (EEA) circumferential stapler for reconstruction following resection of the esophagus and stomach for carcinoma of the cardia is reported here in 9 consecutive patients with fifteen anastomoses performed with this unit. The technical aspects of the EEA stapler are emphasized. Two frequent problems associated with this type of operation namely, stenosis or leak at the suture line, are completely avoided by the use of this stapler unit. Its use is recommended. PMID- 7212836 TI - Acute and chronic stimulation thresholds of intramyocardial screw-in pacemaker electrodes. AB - Two screw-in intramyocardial electrodes were inserted in the left ventricle of each of 6 mongrel dogs, and the electrical characteristics were studied over a six-month period. The unipolar lead configuration had consistently better threshold and sensing values than the bipolar configuration during this period. Peaking between implantation and 3 weeks later, mean lead thresholds increased significantly (unipolar, 0.4 to 8.2 mu J; bipolar, 0.6 to 10.2 mu J) while R wave amplitude decreased (unipolar, 16.6 to 8.5 mv; bipolar, 10.6 to 5.8 mv). Mean chronic values for stimulation thresholds were as follows: unipolar, 2.6 mu J, and bipolar, 3.1 mu J. Mean values for the R wave amplitude were as follows: unipolar, 10.6 mv, and bipolar, 7.2 mv. Analysis of the results indicated that with certain exceptions, the optimum system has 2 intramyocardial electrodes, 1 in unipolar configuration and 1 "reserve." In general, adequate values at implantation are a stimulation threshold of 1.4 mu J (e.g., 1.1 v at 500 ohms and 0.6 msec pulse width) and an R wave amplitude of 5 mv. PMID- 7212835 TI - Changing indications for pacemakers in children. AB - Permanent pacemakers were implanted in 50 children. Indications were symptomatic sinus node dysfunction in 34 (68%), surgical block in 9 (18%), and congenital block in 7 (14%). Twenty-three (68%) of the 34 children with sinus node dysfunction had undergone prior cardiac operations. Only 4 of the 50 patients (8%) had electrode problems after a mean pacing time of 29.5 months (range, 1 to 96 months). All 35 of the mercury-cell pulse generators used in 28 patients ceased to function after an average useful life of 20.8 months (range, 1 to 51 months). The lithium-powered units in the 45 survivors all show satisfactory pacing after 5 to 44 months (mean, 28.1 months). With improved pacemaker technology, longer survival after complex repairs, and better monitoring techniques, the indications for cardiac pacing in children have broadened. Surgical block now is an indication in only a small fraction of the pediatric pacemaker population. Sinus node dysfunction accounts for an ever-increasing majority of the pacemakers we currently implant in children. PMID- 7212837 TI - St. Thomas cardioplegia versus topical cooling: ultrastructural and biochemical studies in humans. AB - Transmural left ventricular biopsies were studied from 28 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass with anoxic cardiac arrest. The myocardium was protected by topical cooling (20 degrees C) (Group 1, 15 patients) or by cardioplegia with St. Thomas' solution (Group 2, 13 patients). Biopsies were taken at the start of bypass and 3 to 5 minutes after unclamping of the aorta. Mean cross-clamp time was not significantly different between the groups (50 minutes for Group 1 and 53 minutes for Group 2; p greater than 0.05). The ultrastructural changes induced by ischemia and subsequent reperfusion were almost exclusively related to the mitochondria. The degree of mitochondrial damage was evaluated by a semiquantitative analysis based on mitochondrial fine structure. The frequency of severe postischemic mitochondrial damage was significantly higher in Group 1 (20.1% versus 2.7% in Group 2; p less than 0.05). Biochemical analysis of the biopsies indicates that the myocardial concentration of creatine phosphate decreases by about 50% after topical cooling (p less than 0.05). With St. Thomas cardioplegia, no significant change in the tissue level of this high-energy phosphate takes place. The results show evidence of the superiority of the St. Thomas cardioplegia to topical cooling alone. PMID- 7212838 TI - The embolization of bone wax from sternotomy incisions. AB - We discuss our study on the effects of discontinuation of the usage of bone wax as a hemostatic agent in sternotomy incisions. In 1976, we abandoned use of bone wax because it was suspected of causing several cases of Mycobacterium fortuitum sternal osteomyelitis. In a retrospective study involving 400 patients, we found that this step did not increase postoperative bleeding as measured by drainage from the chest tube and by the need to return patients to the operating room because of bleeding. It also was observed that there was an appreciable simultaneous drop in pulmonary complications. To test our theory that the wax pressed into the bone marrow can embolize to the lung, radioactively tagged bone wax was pressed into the cut sternum in animal models, and a search was made for radioactive deposits in the peripheral lung tissue. Shortly after the application of the wax, there was evidence of large radioactive deposits in the lungs. It is probable that this embolization occurs also under clinical conditions and may play a role in pulmonary complications following open-heart operations. PMID- 7212840 TI - Intraventricular repair of double-outlet left ventricle. AB - A 3 1/2-year-old child with double-outlet left ventricle and subaortic ventricular septal defect underwent successful surgical intervention with an intraventricular repair and a boomerang-shaped piece of Dacron patch. While an intraventricular repair for double-outlet left ventricle has been reported, we discuss here its application to this particular type of double-outlet left ventricle. PMID- 7212839 TI - Thoracopulmonary hypogenesis with systemic artery-pulmonary vessel fistulae: report of a case. AB - A patient seen with recurrent hemoptysis was found to have large systemic artery pulmonary vessel fistulae. Associated anomalies were unique, and included hypogenetic left thorax, hypoplastic unilobar left lung, and dextrocardia. Left pneumonectomy was curative. PMID- 7212842 TI - A simple technique of placing temporary atrial pacemaker electrodes. AB - A simple method of placing temporary atrial pacemaker wires in open-heart operations is presented. The technique requires no sutures, uses ordinary metallic clips, and is free from complications. PMID- 7212841 TI - Contractile fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) in a painful pacemaker pocket. AB - Electron microscopy of a painful fibrotic capsule around a cardiac pacemaker revealed classic myofibroblasts. These contractile fibroblasts share characteristics of both smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts and are thought to be the cellular cause of wound and scar contraction. The occurrence of pain and tenderness around a sterile pacemaker probably indicates contraction of scar tissue as the basis of the symptoms. This scar tissue is similar to that seen around other large inert implants placed in the thoracic tissue. PMID- 7212843 TI - Aortopulmonary anastomosis in patients with levotransposition. AB - A technique for approximating the right pulmonary artery to the aorta in levo (L) transposition is described. The anastomosis is placed high on the ascending aorta to avoid occluding the coronary circulation by the clamp during the anastomosis. It is in patients with occluded left side anastomoses or single right pulmonary arteries that the right-sided anastomoses are most useful in L-transposition. PMID- 7212844 TI - Anoxic injury during cross-clamping. PMID- 7212845 TI - Neomycin ototoxicity. PMID- 7212847 TI - Ultrastructure of the seminiferous tubules in magnesium-deficient rats. AB - The ultrastructure of the seminiferous tubule in the testis of magnesium deficient rats is described. The boundary tissue was normal. Cells in the basal compartment were shrunken with large intercellular spaces except where desmosome like junctions occurred. Cellular relations in the intermediate and adluminal compartments appeared normal but the SER in spermatids was less organised than in the control. There is extensive vesiculation of th SER in Sertoli cells. The role of the Sertoli cell in the maintenance of differences in the ionic compartments of the extratubular and intratubular milieu is discussed. PMID- 7212846 TI - Acute cadmium intoxication: influence of cyproterone acetate on the testis and epididymis of the rat. AB - The changes resulting from treatment with cadmium were studied following the histological changes, the modification of both vascular permeability to vital dyes and of alkaline phosphatase activity in rat testis and epididymis. The testicular extravasation of acriflavine started 90 min following parenteral injection of cadmium and increased thereafter synchronous with an increase in testicular and epididymal weights due to edema. At 14 and 24 hr a striking decrease of interstitial fluorescence and tubular degeneration were noted in testis and caput epididymis due to thrombosis of the microvascular circulation. The barrier noted at 8 hr following cadmium injection. No changes of alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in testicular and epididymal blood vessels after cadmium injection. Previous treatment with cyproterone acetate accelerated the appearance of such alterations. The interstitial nuclear staining with acriflavine appeared in the testis at 1 hr and was diffuse at 90 and 120 min. cyproterone acetate seemed to accelerate the appearance of tubular degeneration at 8 hr after cadmium injection. The changes of the male rat gonad following cadmium treatment were characterized by an increased vascular permeability and generalized thrombosis. An inbalance of androgen stimulation seems to increase the blood vessels susceptibility to cadmium. PMID- 7212848 TI - Hemodynamics of erection in man. AB - Inquiry was made into the theory that closure of the efferent vein from the corpora cavernosa is essential for erection of the human penis. To determine whether the venous closure is indeed a prerequisite to human penile erection, two tests were carried out in men: (1) direct infusion in 133Xe into corpora cavernosa and (2) performance of carvernosography. In each case, penile erection was induced by providing the subject with sexual stimulation. The behavioral changes were studied through the 133Xe clearance curve and the contrast medium, respectively. When the penis remained flaccid, the 133Xe clearance curve followed a gentle path and the contrast medium could be noted within the penis for a relatively long period. However, on erection with sexual stimulation, the 133Xe clearance curve fell rapidly instead of following the gentle course expected in the case of venous closure. Also, the contrast medium quickly flowed out of the corpora cavernosa. The human penis therefore can well erect without closure of the efferent vein from the corpora cavernosa. PMID- 7212850 TI - Pathological seminal plasma proteins by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. AB - Pathological seminal liquids were studied by using cellulose acetate electrophoresis as well as biochemical doses of proteins, acid phosphatases, reducing sugars, and zinc. It was also possible to show the frequent total absences of vesicular secretion, less frequent than prostatic secretion and less than the two at the same time. It was also shown that reductions were more frequent in prostatic secretion than in vesicular secretion. This method may also be a valuable assistance in the diagnosis of certain urogenital infections. The dissociation between prostatic secretions of acid phosphatases and zinc may lead to the diagnosis of the infection in the posterior or lateral lobes of the prostate. PMID- 7212851 TI - In vitro studies in reproductive immunology. 3. Restoration of mitogenic activity of lymphocytes inhibited by seminal plasma in man. AB - Human seminal plasma, (HuSePl) is inhibitory to mitogen (PHA-M, Con-A, and PWM) lymphocyte activation. The inhibition does not require the continuous presence of HuSePl. Lymphocyte cultures remain inhibited after 24-hr contact with HuSePl and subsequent washings. Addition of fresh autochthonous lymphocytes or T cells but not B cells can restore the mitogenic activity of HuSePl-inhibited lymphocyte cultures. These observations suggest that T-lymphocyte in the male genital tract are surveilled by HuSePl and lack of inhibitory material could induce an immunologic response by spermatozoal antigens. PMID- 7212849 TI - Human sperm chromatin organization: isolation of homogeneous (25 K b.p.) DNA fragments from in situ chromatin degradation in human sperm cells. AB - Autodegradation of the chromatin contents of human sperm cells occurs in the presence of dithiothreotol at pH 8.0. The products of this degradation are chromosomal fragments containing DNA molecules approximately 25 K b.p. in length and showing spheroidal subunit structure. From the length of these fragments the direction of one axis of a crystalline organization of human sperm chromatin is suggested. PMID- 7212852 TI - A simple hCG stimulation test for normal and hypogonadal males. AB - A simple human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test to measure Leydig cell function is described. Plasma testosterone was measured on two occasions, once before intramuscular injection of 10,000 IU of hCG and again four days later. Preliminary tests in 10 adult males showed a maximal increase in plasma testosterone between the third and fifth day that was confirmed in a further 20 normal subjects when measured once on the fourth day. Except for 2 patients with hypospermatogenesis, 24 showed a good response and the mean increase was comparable with that in normal males. Nineteen patients with Klinefelter's syndrome usually had lower basal levels and showed a poor response, with the exception of six patients in whom there were moderate but definite increases. Twelve patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism had basal testosterone concentrations below 1 ng/ml and eight responded poorly to hCG stimulation. However, four patients showed a moderate but definite response. PMID- 7212853 TI - Effects of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and methandrostenolone in male guinea pigs. AB - Young adult guinea pigs were studied 6 and 9 weeks after silastic capsules containing 5 alpha-hydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) and methandrostenolone (Dianabol) were implanted. DHT was more effective in causing testicular atrophy and was apparently more androgenically potent in sustaining the size of the seminal vesicles. Both steroids led to hypertrophy of the masseter muscle and increase in gastrocnemius protein concentration. Cardiac tissue was sensitive to the effects of these steroids, particularly to the larger amounts of absorbed Dianabol, in terms of increases in DNA concentration and transient loss of tissue sodium, potassium, and calcium. All alterations in muscle composition occurred in the total absence of change in tissue water. Hypernatremia and hyperkalemia was present in steroid-treated animals with significant loss of urinary potassium in DHT-treated guinea pigs. Adrenal atrophy and the lowering of circulating cortisol was further indicative of effects upon adrenocortical function and the regulation of electrolyte balance. PMID- 7212854 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of antiarrhythmia drugs]. PMID- 7212855 TI - [Effect of sodium and potassium on cardiac infarct in rats]. AB - During the induction of myocardial infarction in the rat by isoproterenol, a decrease in the voltage of the T wave in the electrocardiogram is produced, which reflects myocardial ischemia through a previous infusion of a KCl solution; while the perfusion of NaCl increases the voltage of such wave and therefore cardiac ischemia. The values of free Pi in the myocardium increase significantly with the administration of isoproterenol. If KCl has been perfused previously, the figures of free Pi are superior in 155% of those obtained with the perfusion of NaCl. The values of all the energetic phosphates, AMP, ADP and ATP decrease inversely and in a significant way with isoproterenol and the perfusion of NaCl and KCl. The activity of creatine-phosphokinase in the myocardium decreases with isoproterenol, specially with the previous perfusion of KCl Similarly, the activity of the isoenzimes of lactic dehydrogenase L1 and L2 (alpha-HBDH), decreases, which intensifies with previous perfusion of NaCl, but diminishes with KCl. The activity of malicodehydrogenase (MDH) in the myocardium decreases with isoproterenol, even with the previous perfusion of NaCl, but in lesser degree than with KCl. PMID- 7212856 TI - [Sphygmo-acoustic concordance. A valuable sign in cardiovascular examinations]. AB - It is described an oscilloscopic-auscultatory sign named sphygmoaccoustic concordance (S-AC) which means that the changes of intensity of a cardiac or arterial murmur is concordant with the changes in the development of a pulse observed in a mechanical oscilloscope in an artery located near the site of murmur's origin. Sphygmo-accoustic discordance (S-AD) means incongruency of these phenomena. The cardiac murmurs was auscultated at the same time that the oscillation of the carotid artery was observed in a mechanical oscillometer, modify by the author, and the arterial murmur was examined during the performance of a traditional oscillomethry in a corporal segment near the site of murmur's production. 20 regurgitation murmurs (18 of mitral insufficiency, 9 of tricuspid insufficiency and 2 murmurs of interventricular septal defects) exhibit S-AD. 75% of ejective aortic murmurs had S-AC and the rest slight chronologic S-AD. 6 pulmonary ejective murmurs were discordant with the carotid pulse oscillation. 40 stenotic arterial murmurs had S-AC in relation to the proximal pulse. In 26 murmurs produced in a more than 50% lumen arterial stenosis a distal pulse was visualized an all had S-AD. The some finding was seen in 12 murmurs of arterial collateral circulation. In 34 functional arterial murmurs (flow murmurs without stenosis) there were S-AC in either, the proximal or distal pulse. The S-AC phenomenon is easy to perform and is a valuable bedside sign which is an aid in the recognition of some cardio-vascular murmurs. PMID- 7212857 TI - [Anatomy of atrioventricular discordances]. AB - Nineteen anatomic specimens were revised, 10 in situs solitus and 9 in situs inversus. The type of atrioventricular connection, atrioventricular relation, the characteristics of atrioventricular valves and ventricular cavities, the atrial and ventricular septa, the conducting tissue, the type of arterio-ventricular connections, the anatomy of the coronary arteries and associated defects were studied. The anatomic features of the ventricular cavities differ from those in the normal heart with respect to the orientation of the atrio-ventricular valve rings, the implantation of the papillary muscles in both ventricles and the extention of the membranous septum. The most frequently found type of arterioventricular connection was discordant, followed by double-outlet right ventricle, concordant connections and finally single outlet. We did not find any case of double-outlet left ventricle. It is important to know the anatomy of the conducting tissue that is in close contact with the ventricular septal defects, the most common associated anomaly in our series, and with infundibular pulmonary stenosis. PMID- 7212858 TI - [Electrocardiographic diagnosis in atrioventricular discordance]. AB - The ECG of 37 patients with atrioventricular discordance were studied and divided in two main groups: I) Situs solitus and II) situs inversus, either a) without associated defects or b) with associated defects. It was concluded: 1) The first vector of ventricular activation, oriented in the same sense of that of atrial activation is a fundamental diagnostic sign; 2) The preponderance of anatomical right ventricle, leads to the diagnosis of unassociated defects; 3) The recognition of biventricular hypertrophy obliges to the diagnosis of associated defects; 4) The AQRS deviation and the shortening in duration of the local electrical systole help to recognized the hypertrofied ventricle and its overload; 5) The presence of right bundle branch block is not in relation to the degree of overloading; 6) The primary alterations of ventricular repolarization are univocal signs of myocardial damage. PMID- 7212859 TI - [Clinical experience with glutaraldehyde-treated porcine valvular xenografts]. AB - We show the results obtained with 318 patients who had a Hancock prosthesis implanted in mitral and/or aortic positions, between June of 1974 and December of 1976. The maximal follow-up period (January 1980) was of 5.58 years, with a total follow-up of 1,129.8 patient years. The hospital rate of mortality was 10.3% (33/318), with 19 late deaths, which gives a linear index of late mortality for mitral, aortic, and mitro-aortic patients of 1.18%, 1.40%, and 3.82% patient-year respectively. The actuarial analysis of the results show a survival rate at 67 months of 89.5% for the aortics, 85% for the mitrals, and 70% for the mitro aortics. In 12 occasions prosthesis complications developed (7 ruptures, 3 thrombosis, and 2 prosthesic disfunctions), which represents an incidence of 0.28%, 0.84%, and 2.72% patient-years for the aortic, mitral, and mitro-aortic patients respectively. Of the 15 thromboembolic accidents that developed, none had a fatal outcome, and their incidence for the aortic, mitral, and mitro-aortic patients was 0.28%, 2.19%, and 5.46% patient-year respectively. The actuarial analysis of thromboembolism shows that 98.9%, 98.3%, and 91,3% of aortic, mitro aortic, and mitral patients respectively, were free of thromboembolism at 67 months postoperatively. The 99.3% of the patients that survived surgery have improved functionally, 80.4% having no symptoms from the cardiovascular point of view. PMID- 7212861 TI - [Indomethacin and persistent ductus arterious in the pre-term newborn infant with respiratory insufficiency]. AB - Forty-two cases of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome who developed congestive heart failure secondary to large arteriovenous shunt across permeable ductus arteriosus and who were treated with indomethacin are presented. The cases were divided into three groups according to birth weight: group I less than 1,200 g, group II between 1,250 and 2,000 g and group III from 2,000 to 2,500 g. Satisfactory results were obtained by either ductal closure or by important reduction in the left to right shunt with disappearance of the congestive failure in 37.5% of group 1, 71% in group II and 69% in group III. We concluded that indomethacin is the treatment of choice for patients weighing more than 1,050 g and over 30 weeks gestational age and that surgical ligation is the treatment of choice in patients under this weight and gestational age. PMID- 7212860 TI - [Electrocardiographic study of acute infarctions of the right ventricle]. AB - To search for electrocardiographic clues of infarction of the right ventricle, we recorded the right-thoracic unipolar leads from V3R to V6R and the following abdominal leads: MD, ME and MI, in a group of 40 normals (control group) and in a group of 40 patients with their first acute transmural myocardial infarction (25 posterior-inferior, 15 anterior wall). We described the predominant ECG morphologies in the control waves (more than 0.04 sec. duration) could be registered in the right anterior thoracic wall in healthy subjects. Based on the findings from our control group and those reported from other investigators, we concluded that to suspect right ventricular involvement in the above mentioned leads, it is required to find necrosis and subepicardial injury waves in at least two of those leads. The most frequently affected leads were V4R and MD. This electrocardiographic "positive" pattern to suspect involvement of the right ventricle was found in 32% of the posterior-inferior left ventricular infarctions. In none of the left ventricular anterior wall infarctions we observed right-sided involvement. The clinical-electrocardiographic correlation was statistically significant. Due to the hemodynamic and therapeutic consequences when right ventricular involvement is suspected, it is convenient to record, in every patient with posterior-inferior myocardial infarction, the special leads described above, more so since the ECG is a simple fast, low cost invaluable auxilliary in the evaluation of the extension of necrosis in the right ventricle. PMID- 7212864 TI - [Fine aspects of the process of fertilization in Acanthobothrium filicolle Zschokke, 1888 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea, Onchobothriidae)]. AB - The electron microscopy study of fertilization points out that in the Cestode Acanthobothrium filicolle, fertilization occurs in the oviduct. After the coiling of the spermatozoon around the oocyte, the plasma membrane of the sperm fuses with that of the ovum. All the elements of the spermatozoon (the nucleus, the two axonemes, the microtubules and the crested body pass into the cytoplasm of the oocyte). For the first time it is shown that the oocyte eliminates a residue of fertilization that could be the result either from the rejection of all the sperm organites (axonemes, microtubules, crested body) or the polyspermy or both. This fertilization residue comprising a degenerated nucleuslike body has been observed only in Onchobothriidae, Tetraphyllidea Cestoda. PMID- 7212865 TI - [Scorpionidae of the great Arabic Maghreb. III. Constituents of the venom of Androctonus mauretanicus (Pocock, 1902) of Morocco]. AB - The study of venom components of Androctonus mauretanicus (Pocock, 1902) from Marocco points out that hemolymph is constituted of hemocyanin and of slighter molecular weight other products. Besides, the toxins are strongly basic. PMID- 7212863 TI - [Pneumonitis caused by hypersensitivity to pigeons. (I). Clinical value of counterimmunoelectrophoresis for detection of specific antibodies in the serum]. AB - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to pigeon's exposure (pigeon's breeder disease) is a interstitial lung disease caused by immune mechanisms after sensitization to pigeon serum antigens. An immunological test, counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), has been developed to recognize the humoral immune response against pigeon serum and dropping antigens, in a simple, low cost and fast test than other cumbersome tests presently in use. The CIE has high sensibility and specificity (X2 = 35.8 p 0.001) that guarantee its clinical usefulness. When Pigeon breeder's disease is suspected on clinical grounds, the CIE test is indicated to confirm diagnosis. PMID- 7212866 TI - [Scorpionidae of the great Arabic Maghreb. V. A telson with three stings in Buthus occitanus Amoureux]. AB - The authors describe telson anomaly of scorpion Buthus occitanus and compare it with other anomalies described in Algeria. PMID- 7212867 TI - [Skin manifestations of giardiasis. Some clinical cases]. AB - About three clinics cases, the author points out the presence of urticaria symptoms associated with giardiasis disease, and necessity of the treatment of such parasitosis, after parasitological investigation of motions. PMID- 7212868 TI - [Note on some venomous marine invertebrates of the Tunisian coast. Nature and action of their venoms and toxins. Therapeutic and prophylactic methods]. AB - The authors give an annotated list of venomous Invertebrates occurring off Tunisian seas. They point out the action of their venom, the injuries about man, and different therapeutic and prophylactic methods. They conclude that the Cnidaria are the most abundant and most dangerous. PMID- 7212862 TI - [Evaluation of coronary heart disease by kinetocardiography and electrocardiography before and after injection of dopamine and isoproterenol]. AB - Eighty patients with coronary insufficiency, with or without infarction, were studied by kinetocardiography and electrocardiography before and after the infusion of dopamine (40 patients) or isoproterenol (40 patients). Twenty healthy subjects for dopamine and 20 for isoproterenol served as controls. The basal ECG has a moderate (52.5%) sensitivity and a high (92.5%) specificity. KCG-25 has a poor (19,7%) sensitivity and a high (95%) specificity. KCG-45 has a high (76.2%) sensitivity and a moderate (50%) specificity, 25/40 healthy subjects had at least one pathological finding: either the ECG or the KCG-25 or the KCG-45. The mechanisms and the relevance of the false positives of the KCG are reviewed. In spite of different pharmacological properties, there is no statistical difference in the effect of dopamine and isoproterenol on the ECG and KCG. The KCG may be considered equivalent to the ECG, taking into account that it brings different information. The infusion of dopamine or isoproterenol induces dyskinesia in some patients with coronary insufficiency. Only two statistically significant changes were observed: dopamine increases the sensitivity of KCG-25 (up to 44.4%) and the specificity of KCG-45 (up to 95%). In selected cases the infusion of dopamine may be a useful test. PMID- 7212869 TI - [Sexual cycle of Cerastoderma glaucum Poiret, 1798 (Bivalvia, Eulamellibranchia, Cardiidae) in Lake Tunis and in the Bou Grara sea (Tunisia)]. AB - The study of the sexual cycle of Cerastoderma glaucum points out the presence of a very short sexual rest period (from january to march) and of three spawning periods (from may to june, august to september, december to january). If autumn is warm (15 degree C), 80 to 90% of the winter stock is formed by mature individuals. PMID- 7212871 TI - Effects of endogenous sex hormones on mouse liver ethylmorphine N-demethylase. AB - For most commonly used mouse strains there is either no sex difference in drug metabolism, or females have a higher rate of metabolism than males of the same strain. In the CRL:CD-1 strain, for example, the males have a lower Vmax and a higher Km than females for ethylmorphine N-demethylation. By contrast, kinetic analysis for this pathway of drug metabolism in the BALB/cJ mouse strain demonstrated that males have a higher Vmax and a lower Km than females. Although gonadal hormones appear to play a similar role in both the strains with respect to body weight, liver weight, microsomal protein content, and the weights of sex hormone responsive organs, a strict dependence of the sex differences in ethylmorphine (EM) metabolism on gonadal hormones could not be demonstrated. A systematic analysis of the spectral interactions of EM with cytochrome P-450 (P 450), the activities of NADPH P-450 reductase and NADPH oxidase in these mouse strains did not reveal a common regulatory site for gonadal hormones. Moreover, sex differences in EM N-demethylase activity are not a direct function of the total P-450 present in hepatic microsomes since, for both strains, males have higher P-450 content than females. We conclude, therefore, that sex differences in hepatic EM N-demethylase activity in the BALB/cJ and CRL:DC-1 mouse strains may depend on the relative quantities of the individual forms of microsomal P-450 which appear to be under genetic and/or hormonal control. PMID- 7212870 TI - Aminophylline and imidazole as convulsants. AB - The convulsive actions of aminophylline (APH) and imidazole (IDZ) have been tested against a series of anticonvulsants, and their patterns of sensitivity to these agents are compared with those of other convulsants. APH was antagonized by phenobarbital and chloridiazepoxide, but less effectively than is pentylenetetrazol. Antagonism by trimethadione was not significant. Ethosuximide, phenytoin and aminooxyacetic acid potentiated APH, an effect not seen with other convulsants in our previous studies. IDZ-induced seizures were found to be relative refractory to anticonvulsants, but were antagonized to a small degree by all of those mentioned above except phenytoin; aminooxyacetic acid was relatively the most effective. Phenytoin potentiated IDZ-induced seizures. Subconvulsive doses of APH potentiated pentylenetetrazol- and 3-mercaptopropionic acid-induced seizures about equally, as did IDZ. Possible mechanism of action are discussed. PMID- 7212874 TI - Paralytic properties of 4-N, N-dimethylamino-1,2-dithiolane (nereistoxin). AB - Canine peroneal-tibialis anterior nerve-muscle preparations have been used as a model system to investigate the neuromuscular blocking action of nereistoxin (NT). Intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg of NT results in 50% neuromuscular blockade within 2 to 5 min. In the absence of corrective intervention this quantity of NT will cause respiratory paralysis and death within a few minutes. Following the intravenous administration of NT there occurs an immediate and transient rise in heart and fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure; however, respiratory paralysis rather than cardiovascular failure is the cause of death when no corrective measures are employed. Neostigmine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, acetylcholine and potassium ions antagonize NT paralysis. Neostigmine, however, appears to be the most effective in producing an antiblocking action of sufficient magnitude and duration of action to be of value as an antidote in NT poisoning. Potentiation of contractions was evident in the partially paralyzed preparation following a brief period of indirect tetanic stimulation. PMID- 7212873 TI - The effect of a benzotriazinium salt on in vitro and in vivo arrhythmias in guinea-pigs and mice. AB - In guinea-pig Langendorff hearts, a benzotriazinium derivative, 2-n-propyl-4-p tolylamino-1,2,3-benzotriazinium iodide (TnPBI), increased the ventricular refractory period, increased the ventricular fibrillation threshold to electrical stimulation and converted persistent ventricular fibrillation to sinus rhythm. TnPBI also converted aconitine-induced tachyarrhythmias to sinus rhythm in the same preparation. In mice pretreated with TnPBI, both acutely and chronically, the amount of intravenous aconitine necessary to produce cardiac arrhythmias was increased. In guinea-pigs anaesthetised with halothane. TnPBI converted adrenaline-induced arrhythmias to sinus rhythm. PMID- 7212872 TI - Antagonism of some central effects of d-tubocurarine by gamma-aminobutyric acid. AB - d-Tubocurarine (dtc) administered intracerebroventricularly (icv) to rats produced seizures. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) administered icv or hydroxylamine administered intraperitoneally (ip) protected the rats from dtc induced seizures. GABA administered (ip) was ineffective. Local application of dtc to the spinal cord in decerebrate dogs produced facilitation of the scratch reflex. Application of GABA to the spinal cord inhibition the scratch reflex. It is thus concluded that the excitatory effects of dtc on the CNS may be through inhibition of naturally occurring inhibitory substances such as GABA or a closely related compound. PMID- 7212875 TI - Effects of ultraviolet radiation and angiotensin on calcium binding in rabbit aortic microsomes. AB - The microsomal subcellular fraction was isolated from rabbit thoracic aorta by differential centrifugation between 3,000 g and 102,000 g. In one group of experiments, microsomes were incubated in the presence of angiotensin and the calcium binding was determined by liquid scintillation detection. In the other group, the incubation period with angiotensin included exposure to ultraviolet light for part of the time. Microsomes incubated with 10(-6) M angiotensin for 30 min demonstrated a 38% decrease in calcium binding below control level. When incubation with this same concentration of angiotensin was followed by a 20 min exposure to ultraviolet light (3660 A), the calcium binding increased 10% above control level. Irradiation in the absence of angiotensin for 20 min produced a 20% increase in calcium binding above control. Microsomes depleted of their endogenous catecholamine stores and not treated with any stimulating drug exhibited a 32% increase in calcium binding after irradiation with ultraviolet light. The effect of ultraviolet light on calcium binding was found to be positively correlated with the duration of irradiation. The enhanced microsomal binding of calcium due to ultraviolet light corresponds to the decrease in tension which this radiation produces in actively contracted aortic strips. PMID- 7212877 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of contraction by high K, Na deficient solution in smooth muscle of guinea-pig taenia coli. AB - Isosmotic substitution of KCl for NaCl in the physiological solution produces a transient contraction while KCl added hyperosmotically to the physiological solution produces a sustained contraction in guinea-pig taenia coli. Wet weight of the tissue increased in the high K, Na deficient solution. Hyperosmotically added sucrose completely prevented the increase in wet weight although the inhibition of sustained contraction was only partly (approximately 25%) recovered. Hyperosmotic application of NaCl was more effective in maintaining the contraction. When pyruvate or oxalacetate substituted for glucose in the high K, Na deficient solution, the tonic contraction was well maintained. An inhibitor of glucose uptake, phlorizin, did not affect the pyruvate-supported tonic contraction in high K, Na deficient solution although the agent inhibited the tonic contraction induced by high K solution containing Na and glucose. These data suggest that the sustained contraction produced by high K, Na deficient solution is inhibited mainly by an inhibition of utilization of glucose resulting from Na deficiency and partly by a swelling of the smooth muscle in guinea-pig taenia coli. PMID- 7212876 TI - Comparison of effects of low temperature and metabolic inhibition on high-K induced contracture of vas deferens. AB - The effects of temperature on high-K induced contracture of guinea-pig vas deferens were studied and compared with those of metabolic inhibitions. The rate of rise and fall of the phasic contraction decreased with the decrease in temperature. At 5 degrees C, the time to peak tension and half relaxation time increased to 25 times and to 38 times of those observed at 35 degrees C, respectively. The height of the phasic contraction increased by lowering of the temperature. The height of the tonic contraction also increased by lowering the temperature down to 15 degrees C but then decreased. Glucose removal and anoxia showed no effect on the phasic contraction, whereas the tonic contraction was abolished by these treatments. Metabolic inhibitors such as DNP, NaN3 or KCN, caused the depression of both the phasic and tonic contractions, being more effective on the tonic contraction. The tonic contraction was abolished before the phasic contraction was depressed by 50%. The time to peak tension and half relaxation time were not affected by metabolic inhibitions. These results suggest that low temperature causes the reduction in the rate of contractile reaction of muscle protein and in the rate of Ca accumulation and/or of Ca extrusion. Metabolic inhibition, on the other hand, caused reduction in the energy supply for the contraction and brought about depression of the contraction. PMID- 7212879 TI - Analgesic use and kidney disease. PMID- 7212878 TI - Apparent activity of 5-methylfurmethide at muscarinic receptors. AB - Apparent activity of 5-methylfurfuryltrimethylammonium iodide (5 methylfurmethide, 5-MFT) at muscarinic receptors of the ileal longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig was investigated. These parameters were determined by the analysis of concentration-response data before and after fractional inactivation of receptors by phenoxybenzamine, an irreversible receptor blocker. The apparent ED50, dissociation constant (KA), and relative affinity (in comparison to acetylcholine, ACh) were 2.75 +/- 0.22 X 10(-8) M, 7.22 +/- 0.15 X 10(-7) M and 1.33 respectively. The relative intrinsic efficacy compared to ACh was 1.54. PMID- 7212880 TI - One of the 'least understood areas of sexuality'. PMID- 7212882 TI - The medical treatment of obesity. PMID- 7212883 TI - Obesity. Cardiovascular and respiratory pathophysiological alterations. PMID- 7212884 TI - Raised plasma urea levels after myocardial infarction. AB - Plasma and urine urea and creatinine levels were measured in 50 consecutive patients admitted to a coronary care unit. Forty of the patients had had myocardial infarction; their average plasma urea level increased substantially by the third day after admission, when 50% of the patients had an "abnormally" high plasma urea level. There was no change in plasma urea levels in ten patients who had not had a myocardial infarction. Results indicate that a rise in plasma urea level is common if not universal after myocardial infarction and is caused by either a fall in the glomerular filtration rate or an increased urea production rather than a mixture of the two. PMID- 7212881 TI - High attrition rates in commercial weight reduction programs. AB - The management of obesity is increasingly dominated by nonprofessional self helping groups. Little information about the efficacy of these groups is available from independent sources. In a study of 108 women enrolled in a commercial weight reduction program, we found very high attrition rates; 50% of the members dropped out in six weeks and 70% in 12 weeks. Similar attrition rates have been reported in five other programs in three different countries. Very high attrition rates diminish the effectiveness of commercial weight reduction programs, and they suggest caution in the interpretation of data based on weight losses of persons who remain in these programs. PMID- 7212885 TI - Alterations of long-chain free fatty acid and magnesium concentrations in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Sixteen patients with acute myocardial infarction were subjects of a study of the changes in plasma magnesium and long-chain free fatty acid (FFA) levels. In each patient, there was a sharp fall of magnesium levels and a sharp rise of FFA levels shortly after onset of pain. Magnesium and FFA values returned to normal within three days. An absolute fall in total magnesium level and a probable fall in magnesium ion concentration could be important factors in arrhythmias during the first two days. The simultaneous rise in FFA and fall in magnesium levels in a variety of pathologic and physiologic conditions affords an explanation for divergent changes in FFA and magnesium concentrations in acute myocardial infarction. The FFA rise appears to be the fall in magnesium levels, which has been previously unexplained. PMID- 7212886 TI - Infective endocarditis and mitral prolapse: a comparison with other types of endocarditis. AB - We compared clinical features, response to therapy, and outcome of infective endocarditis in ten patients with mitral valve prolapse and 23 patients with endocarditis involving other types of left-sided valvular lesions. Signs of endocarditis were more subtle in patients with mitral valve prolapse, and antimicrobial therapy was instituted later in those patients. Nevertheless, nine of ten patients with mitral valve prolapse and endocarditis responded optimally to antimicrobials; only five of 23 patients with other types of endocarditis responded similarly. Four patients with mitral valve prolapse experienced increasing valvular dysfunction during the year after treatment of endocarditis; one died. We conclude that endocarditis in patients with mitral valve prolapse is more responsive to antimicrobial therapy even though recognition of the infection often is delayed. However, mitral valve prolapse endocarditis is not a benign infection, because progressive valvular dysfunction is a frequent sequel. PMID- 7212888 TI - Lack of effect of fortified wine ingested during fasting and anticoagulant therapy. AB - Because daily ingestion of 592 mL of table wine (12% ethanol by volume) during mealtime had no notable effect on long-term, "therapeutic" hypoprothrombinemia with racemic warfarin sodium in normal subjects, similar experiments were repeated using fortified wine (20% ethanol by volume) during fasting. For 21 days, seven normal subjects were given therapeutic levels of the anticoagulant racemic warfarin alone and with warfarin plus 296 mL/day of fortified wine during fasting. The blood-alcohol level of 296 mL of fortified wine ingested during fasting is equivalent to 1,646 mL of table wine ingested during mealtime. No significant difference occurred in the one-stage prothrombin activity or the plasma levels of warfarin in any subject. It is concluded that daily ingestion of fortified wine during fasting has no effect on therapeutic levels of hypoprothrombinemia of normal humans. PMID- 7212887 TI - Is anemia of chronic renal failure related to secondary hyperparathyroidism? AB - A pathogenetic role of secondary hyperparathyroidism in the anemia of chronic renal failure has been suggested. To investigate this relationship, the biochemical factors of secondary hyperparathyroidism (calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone) were correlated with hematocrit levels in 96 long-term hemodialysis patients. We also compared hematocrit values before and after parathyroidectomy in 18 patients. No correlation between hematocrit level and biochemical indices of secondary hyperparathyroidism could be found. However, in 44% of the patients with parathyroidectomies, the hematocrit reading increased after surgery. The importance and possible cause of this improvement of anemia in this group is discussed. PMID- 7212890 TI - Elevation of serum uric acid as a clue to alcohol abuse. AB - Hyperuricemia in unselected admissions to a general hospital was found to be a significant correlate of alcohol abuse in male subjects. Unexplained elevation of the serum uric acid level should always stimulate inquiry for the behavioral features of alcoholism. PMID- 7212889 TI - Chronic renal failure and end-stage renal disease in northwest North Carolina. Importance of analgesic-associated nephropathy. AB - A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the extent to which analgesic associated nephropathy (AAN) causes chronic renal failure (CRF) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Of 363 cases of CRF diagnosed between 1974 and 1976, 48 were caused by AAN; 14 of 140 cases of ESRD were caused by AAN. Of the 14 patients with ESRD from AAN, 12 initially had ESRD and two progressed to ESRD while continuing consumption of analgesics. The remaining 34 patients who had AAN with CRF discontinued using analgesics and have not progressed to ESRD. Thus, 34 of 36 patients with AAN-CRF who initially did not have ESRD discontinued use of analgesics and have not progressed to ESRD. We conclude that AAN causes a large percentage of CRF and ESRD in our patient population. Early recognition of this entity can prevent progression to ESRD if analgesic consumption is discontinued. PMID- 7212891 TI - Metrizamide cisternography in the investigation of the empty sella syndrome. AB - Pneumoencephalography, the usual method for demonstrating air within the sella turcica in empty sella syndrome (ESS), has been approached with reluctance by most physicians because of its technical difficulty and patient morbidity. For these reasons, neuroradiologists have investigated other contrast media in search of an ideal agent; metrizamide seems to be such an agent. Metrizamide is a nondissociable, water-soluble glucose amide containing three iodine molecules. This agent is miscible with CSF, and small recesses of the CSF-brain interface can be delineated with hypocycloidal tomography without performing cumbersome patient maneuvers to fill the cisterns. Furthermore, morbidity has been minimal, particularly with use of lower concentrations of metrizamide, allowed by the sensitivity of computerized tomographic (CT) scanning. Thus, at the present time, metrizamide cisternography (especially in conjunction with CT scanning) appears useful in evaluating an enlarged sella turcica, particularly when considering an entity such as ESS. PMID- 7212892 TI - Exercise thallium 201 imaging. Clinical implications of normal exercise images. AB - To determine whether normal exercise images can reduce the need for coronary arteriography, we analyzed our data on 102 patients with normal thallium 201 exercise images who underwent coronary arteriographic studies. Eight-two patients had normal or insignificant coronary artery disease; 20 patients had significant coronary artery disease. Eight patients had disease limited to one of the secondary branches of the left system; seven patients had disease limited to one of the major coronary arteries; two patients had disease involving the right coronary artery and a secondary branch; two patients had disease involving two secondary branches; and one patient had disease involving the three major vessels. Seven of the 20 patients had abnormal exercise ECGs, and the remaining 13 patients had normal or inconclusive exercise ECGs. Our findings indicate that significant coronary artery disease is rare in patients with normal exercise images, especially if patients with abnormal exercise ECGs are excluded. Thus, normal exercise images could possibly reduce the need for coronary arteriography, since in these patients coronary artery disease rarely requires bypass surgery. PMID- 7212893 TI - Acquired warfarin resistance and weight-reducing diet. AB - A frequent cause of acquired warfarin resistance is drug interaction; however, ingestion of large amounts of vitamin K in food may also be an etiologic factor. A 31-year-old woman on a weight-reducing diet showed evidence of resistance to warfarin sodium therapy. On a regimen of 35 mg of oral warfarin sodium daily, prothrombin time was 14 s (control, 12 s). Pharmacokinetic studies did not reveal any evidence of impaired adsorption or increased catabolism of the drug. The half life of her oral warfarin was 26 hours (normal, 15 to 56 hours). Although end organ resistance was not studied fully, a change of her vegetable-rich, weight reducing diet (vitamin K content, 1,277 microgram) to a regular diet (vitamin K content, 360 microgram) resulted in substantial reduction in her warfarin resistance. We conclude that in patients on vegetable-rich, weight-reducing diets, a relative resistance to warfarin may be secondary to their increased dietary intake of vitamin K. PMID- 7212895 TI - Teratogenic effects of antileukemic chemotherapy. AB - The clinical teratogenicity of the new antileukemic chemotherapeutic agents administered to mothers early in the first trimester of pregnancy is not well defined. Cytarabine and thioguanine were given in identical doses to the same mother during the first trimester of two separate pregnancies. Both pregnancies resulted in viable babies, one with and one without congenital malformations. This case illustrates the highly unpredictable clinical effects on the fetus of chemotherapy early in pregnancy. PMID- 7212896 TI - Circulating factor XI antibody and disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - Association of a circulating factor XI anticoagulant and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is described in a 33-year-old woman. Although the patient had rheumatoid arthritis and a bacterial infection treated with antibiotics, the anticoagulant was thought to be secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus. Curiously, the low levels of factor XI did not prevent the DIC from developing. PMID- 7212894 TI - Selective IgA deficiency and the HLA-B8 antigen. Report of two cases with familial data. AB - Two patients had IgA deficiency, giardiasis, and the HLA-B8 antigen. The family of patient 1 included members with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, adrenal insufficiency, pernicious anemia, and hypothyroidism, a combination of unusual diseases that has been reported previously to occur as a syndrome with IgA deficiency and the HLA-B8 antigen. This coincidence makes it likely that these two patients and the one family previously described have a common pathogenic base, the inheritance of an abnormal immune-response gene that is acquired with the HLA-B8 antigen as a result of genetic dysequilibrium. PMID- 7212897 TI - Progressive systemic sclerosis and nephrotic syndrome. An unusual association resulting in postpartum acute renal failure. AB - A 27-year-old, full-term pregnant woman with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) came to the hospital with marked proteinuria and edema. Two days later, she gave birth to a normal baby. After delivery and during the next 48 hours, renal failure developed. A renal biopsy specimen disclosed findings characteristic of PSS, and immunofluorescence studies displayed nonspecific deposits of fibrinogen and complement. The patient's general condition deteriorated, with development of pericarditis and pulmonary failure; after several peritoneal dialysis treatments, a peritoneal infection developed, and the patient died of Gram-negative sepsis. The association of PSS and nephrotic syndrome is unusual. PMID- 7212898 TI - Mural thrombus endocarditis complicating an acute myocardial infarction. Report of a case. AB - Myocardial abscesses complicating a myocardial infarction are rare. Before this case, to our knowledge, there have been no previously reported cases in which patients have survived. We report here a surgical cure of a mural thrombus cardiac abscess. PMID- 7212899 TI - Transfer factor therapy for histoplasmosis in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. AB - A patient with recurrent chronic histoplasmosis was diagnosed also as having Hodgkin's disease. Studies of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) demonstrated no reaction to histoplasmin by skin test, lymphocyte transformation (LT), or leukocyte inhibition factor (LIF) assay. Clinical and immunologic studies were performed during treatment with 19 doses of dialyzable transfer factor (TF) prepared from a normal donor with strong CMI against histoplasmin. Transfer of CMI to the patient was demonstrated by all three tests. All tests reverted to nonreactive during the period of observation. Repeated doses of dialyzable TF were followed by reconversion of skin tests. The LIF assay was most reactive. Reactivation of histoplasmosis occurred during antimetabolic therapy for Hodgkin's disease; however, the lesions cleared rapidly when TF was added to amphotericin B. Amphotericin B was administered at a dosage of 25 mg three times each week during the entire study. PMID- 7212900 TI - Arizona hinshawii infection of an atherosclerotic abdominal aorta. AB - A patient with Arizonae hinshawii infection of an atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm is described to emphasize the similarity of the nonenteric infections of man by Arizona and Salmonella organisms. These genera are similar bacteriologically, ecologically, and clinically. This case emphasizes the need for thoroughly considering the differential diagnosis when encountering cryptic bacteremia with either organism. PMID- 7212901 TI - Creatinine in the crock pot. PMID- 7212902 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7212903 TI - Return of renal function after renal insufficiency with cyclophosphamide therapy in Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 7212904 TI - Neisseria subflava endocarditis. PMID- 7212905 TI - Human-to-human transmission of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. PMID- 7212906 TI - V Internal research meeting November 24, 25 and 26, 1979: Hospital de Pediatria, Centro Medico Nacional, Mexico. PMID- 7212909 TI - Detection of hemoglobin alterations in a sample population in northwest Mexico. Preliminary report. AB - Blood samples from 1,000 individuals seen at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in northwestern Mexico were assayed by multiple systems (acid, alkaline and neutral electrophoresis, heat, freeze and isopropanol stability and erythrocytic morphology under hypoxia) to detect hemoglobin (Hb) abnormalities. Two beta-thalassemia heterozygotes (0.2 per cent), five Hb S heterozygotes (0.5 per cent) and three probable new Hb variants (0.3 per cent) were identified. These preliminary results give a general idea of the gene frequencies in this population, but do not yet permit the evaluation of the relative advantage of multiple methodology for the detection of abnormal Hbs. PMID- 7212907 TI - Cytotoxicity of some sesquiterpene lactones "in vitro". AB - The cytotoxic effects of sesquiterpene gamma-lactones in tissue culture were studied on two different cell lines, one of them fibroblastoid cells L-929 from mice areolar tissue, and the other epithelial cells HEp-2 from human laryngeal carcinoma. Ten lactones were tested, all of them having in their molecule an alpha methylene gamma lactone group, which had been described as conferring cytotoxic activity. Five of these lactones have a furanic ring in their molecule whose presence gives them a higher cytotoxic activity. Different doses of each lactone were tested. Cell number and exclusion tests were simultaneously performed per dose, obtaining for all of them the ED50, which was the calculated as the effective dose inhibiting growth to 50 per cent of control growth. The ED50 was about 1 to 5 microgram in those lactones with furanic ring. The two cell lines had a different response to the same lactone. PMID- 7212910 TI - Staphylococcus aureus protein A: quantitation by microhemagglutination. AB - Protein A is associated in a covalent way to the Staphylococcus aureus wall and is exposed in the bacterial surface. Its increasing use as an immunochemical reagent is due to its great affinity for immunoglobulins of multiple animal species. In this work we are presenting a method for the semiquantitative determination of bacterial surface protein A, describing the content of this protein in three certified strains and 15 new S. aureus isolations. Protein A titers were determined by a microassay as the inverse of dilutions of standardized bacterial suspensions that caused agglutination at the end point in ram erythrocytes, sensitized with anti-erythrocyte serum. Using certified strains, protein A+ (Cowan I) and protein A-(Wood 46), reproducibility of the method was assured and the relative hemagglutinating potence of new isolations was determined showing it was constant and typical of the strain. Titrations fluctuated from non detectable to a maximum of 256. Using the described method, protein A in S. aureus isolations can be quantitated to analyze its distribution and obtain new producing strains from this protein. PMID- 7212908 TI - Electrophoretic pattern of proteins in mammary gland neoplasias. AB - Protein pattern was studied using discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 53 adenocarcinomas, 13 fibroadenomas and 66 samples of mammary tissue adjacent to neoplasias. Important differences were found in patterns of both types of neoplasias, the same as between malignant tissues and non neoplastic adjacent tissues. There seems to be a certain correlation between some protein pattern and NOS and lobular histological types. It was also observed that some protein patterns were more frequent in neoplasias with metastasis to axillary nodes and vascular invasion. On the other hand, there seems to be important correlation between some protein patterns and the presence of early tumoral activity after mastectomy that is present even in the absence of positive axillary nodes at the moment of surgery. PMID- 7212911 TI - Microvascular stent. AB - Report of experimental results obtained with a new microvascular repair technique performed in the superficial femoral artery of the rat. An external device "microvascular stent" is used, made up medical use adhesive silicon so as to widen the internal vascular diameter and prevent stenosis. This technique is compare to the simple interrupted suture microsurgical repair. PMID- 7212912 TI - Convergence of sleep-wakefulness subsystems onto single neurons in the region of cat's solitary tract nucleus. AB - Neurons in the region of cat's solitary tract nucleus were classified into three groups on the basis of their spontaneous discharge rate during slow wave sleep (SS) as compared with wakefulness (W): group I: SS greater than W; group II: SS less than W; and group III: SS divided by W. These three groups were further examined with regard to the modulation of discharge rate i) during motor activity in W, ii) at the transitional phase from SS to paradoxical sleep (PS), iii) during rapid eye movements (REMs) in PS, and iv) following electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation (MRF). During motor activity in W, increase in unit discharge was frequently observed in group II, while group I and III were often associated with suppression. At the transitional phase from SS to PS many neurons showed a reduction in discharge rate. During REMs in PS, about a half of the neurons of each group responded with burst discharge. The responsiveness to electrical stimulation of the MFR was highest for the group I neurons and the lowest for the group III. The inhibitory responses tended to be smaller in magnitude during SS than during W. During PS, both excitatory and inhibitory responses were, in general, markedly diminished. The analysis of the results has suggested that groups I and II neurons may be involved in more multiple functions than group III neurons which have a tendency to maintain steady discharge rate. PMID- 7212913 TI - The variation in tension output with active shortening in rat myocardium. AB - The effect of active shortening on tension development has been studied in rat papillary muscle preparations at 20 degrees C. Total tension at the peak of a contraction with a shortening phase is reduced below the value predicted by the isometric length-tension relationship. At the same instantaneous length, total tension is less in contractions with an isotonic phase than in isometric responses and the amount of the tension deficit increases with the extent of shortening. The influence of the time at which shortening takes place, on the amount of tension deficit, has been explored. The increase in [Ca2+]o does not affect the tension deficit. Conversely an increase in [Ca2+]o associated to addition of caffeine to the bathing solution almost abolished the effect of active shortening on tension development. Several possible explanations of the reduction of tension development by shortening are discussed. PMID- 7212914 TI - Electrocorticographic activity of the prepyriform cortex during the sleep wakefulness cycle of the freely-behaving rat. AB - The electrocorticographic (ECoG) behavior of prepyriform cortex (PPC) was studied during the spontaneous sleep-wakefulness cycle (SWC) of freely-behaving rats in which recording electrodes had been chronically implanted in PPC, neocortex (NEO), entorhinal area, olfactory bulb (OB), hippocampus, and dorsal neck muscles. The different phases of the SWC were discerned by taking into account the NEO, OB and neck musculature electrical activities, and criteria were set for the identification of various PPC ECoG patterns. The existence of rather regular associations between the PPC ECoG and the various SWC phases was demonstrated, but it was also seen that these associations defied simplistic generalizations. Thus, whereas the level of ECoG activity (in terms of synchronization vs. desynchronization) was, in the majority of instances, equivalent in PPC and NEO in some SWC phases (alert wakefulness, synchronized sleep and paradoxical sleep), the same was not true in the case of the relaxed wakefulness, drowsiness, intermediary and preparadoxical phases. In the same context, when the time relationships between the alternations of different SWC phases and PPC ECoG patterns were analyzed, it became clear that although only rarely the PPC transition occurred after the correspondent SWC one, the former could either precede, or be simultaneous with the latter, depending on the particular SWC transition being considered. The neural control mechanisms possibly responsible for the coupling of PPC and NEo EcoG activities are briefly discussed. PMID- 7212915 TI - [Reactivity to significant auditory stimuli as a function of levels of vigilance in the cat]. PMID- 7212916 TI - Axonal projections and primary afferents of bulbar respiratory modulated and unmodulated neurons travelling with vagal nerve or spinal cord in the rabbit. AB - Respiratory modulated neurons of the rabbit were examined for efferent projections and afferent connections via the spinal cord or the vagal nerves. Variability of latency of responses proved to be related to latencies. When latency of evoked potentials is plotted versus variability of latency, monosynaptic responses can apparently be discriminated from oligo- or polysynaptic responses. Latency of antidromic responses depends from stimulus frequencies used. Results showed that only 12% of all respiratory modulated neurons have spinal descending axons conducting at 9-45 m per sec and 8% of the inspiratory group of neurons possess axons running along with the vagal nerves conducting at 20-37 m per sec. It is concluded that the respiratory network in the rabbit is essentially different from that in the cat. PMID- 7212917 TI - [Current status of higher education of food technology in Argentina, with reference to the place of nutrition in study plans]. AB - A survey of federal and private universities where Food Technology courses can be taken was carried out. According to the length of the studies, the courses were classified as "technical-intermediate" (up to four years) or "superior" (over four years). At present there are six federal and three private universities where Food Technology courses are offered (Table 1). From the discussion of the professional profile of the Food Technologist it was concluded that the curricula of "superior" courses should have a 100-hour course of Nutrition. General and specific objectives of a model Nutrition course are outlined. PMID- 7212919 TI - [Methods of eliminating alkaloids from the seeds of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet]. AB - The basic purpose of this work was to find a simple and economic method to control and eliminate the presence of alkaloids, as detected by organoleptic or toxicity tests, in Lupinus mutabilis, S. (tarhui) seeds. Taking advantage of the physical and chemical properties of the seeds, they were subjected to four methods of extraction; b) chemical treatment; c) extraction with two solvents, and d) treatment with a modified water-heat process. The results indicated that the most adequate method was the water-heat modified treatment, which showed a yield of 85% and a debittering efficiency of 98.6%, figures which were above those obtained with any of the other treatments studied. The final product had a bland taste without traces of bitterness and a 32% concentration of protein in the kayra line. Amino acid content showed this product to have an unusual high lysine content. PMID- 7212918 TI - [Effect of different nutrients on the consumption of diets with tuber and legume bases]. PMID- 7212920 TI - Morphometric study of the effect of hypervitaminosis A on the sublingual gland of the rat. AB - Hypervitaminosis A induces the following changes in the rat sublingual gland: smaller size acini with lower cells and smaller nuclei. The serous demilunes show smaller cells and nuclei. The striated ducts show smaller and disorganized cells with smaller nuclei. These data were confirmed by morphometric techniques. PMID- 7212921 TI - [Utilization of protein from agroindustrial by-products in the feeding of the rainbow trout during the fry stage]. PMID- 7212923 TI - [Illegal environmental damage through noise levels. Forms of appearance and preventive measures]. PMID- 7212925 TI - [Nature and examination of the mentally retarded. Contribution to psychological examination]. PMID- 7212924 TI - [Demonstration of ABO substances in blood traces with the absorption-elution method]. PMID- 7212922 TI - [Chemical evaluation of morro or jicaro (Crescentia alata) flours prepared by ensilaging and/or dehydration]. AB - The chemical composition, nutritive value and potential use of the morro fruit (Crescentia alata) has received little attention. The purpose of the present study was: a) to determine appropriate conditions for processing and conservation of the morro fruit without hulls, since a significant part of the production is lost due to inadequate storage conditions, and b) to evaluate, by means of chemical analysis, the whole fruit and its products. For the preparation of dehydrated meals, the content of the fruit was subjected to sun drying and tray drying dehydration with two air temperatures, 60 degrees and 90 degrees C. The method used for the storage of the whole fruit was anaerobic fermentation achieved by ensilaging the fruit in small concrete experimental silos for 90, 145 and 180 days. At the end of each period, the silos were opened. The ensilaged material was of very good appearance and apparently free from unfavorable contaminations; it was dehydrated in tray dryers at an air temperature of 60 degrees C. Independent of processing, the chemical analysis showed the meals to contain on the average 17% crude fat, 11% crude fiber and 18% crude protein. From the amino acid content and using the 1973 FAO/WHO scoring pattern it was found that such flours were limiting in their sulfur amino acid, lysine and threonine content in the order. PMID- 7212926 TI - Serological studies on lithotrophic, ammonia oxidizing bacteria. AB - Rabbit antisera were prepared against living cells of six different ammonia oxidizing nitrifying bacteria. They were examined as to cross-reactivity in the agglutination test (Microtiter-system) with 24 nitrifier strains, including members of all known genera. Usually distinct cross-reactions were obtained only within the genera, but some exceptions were noticed. There was stated a clear cross-reaction between the two anti-Nitrosospira-antisera and the four tested Nitrosolobus strains. In some cases cross-reactions between cells of the Nitrosovibrio strains and the anti-Nitrosospira- as well as the anti Nitrosococcus-antisera could be observed. The interpretation of the results obtained with the Nitrosomonas group was complicated by the fact that all strains showed positive zero titers with the control sera. In seven cases lipopolysaccharides were isolated and tested in the passive hemagglutination test to their cross-reactivity with the above mentioned antisera. Hemagglutination could only be observed in the homologous system, cross-reactivity was never expressed. PMID- 7212927 TI - Adenosine deaminase from Azotobacter vinelandii. Purification and properties. AB - Adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) was found to occur in the extract of Azotobacter vinelandii, strain 0, and purified by heating at 65 degrees C, fractionation with ammonium sulfate, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G 150. Purified adenosine deaminase was effectively stabilized by the addition of ethylene glycol. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 66,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The enzyme specifically attacked adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine to the same extent, and formycin A to a lesser extent. The pH optimum of the enzyme was observed at pH 7.2. Double reciprocal plot of initial velocity versus adenosine concentration was concave upward, and Hill interaction coefficient was calculated to be 1.5, suggesting the allosteric binding of the substrate. ATP inhibited adenosine deaminase in an allosteric manner, whereas other nucleotides were without effect. The physiological significance of the enzyme was discussed in relation to salvage pathway of purine nucleotides. PMID- 7212928 TI - Asparagine and glutamine metabolism in Rhodopseudomonas acidophila. AB - Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 7050 achieved balance growth when provided with either asparagine or glutamine as nitrogen source. Under these growth conditions R. acidophila synthesized a mixed amidase which exhibited similar activity (223--422 nmol/min . mg protein) against either nitrogen source. Determination of the free intracellular amino acid pools show that deamidation of asparagine and glutamine resulted in elevated levels of both aspartate and glutamate. Cell-free extracts of R. acidophila showed significant aminotransferase activity, particularly glutamine-oxaloacetate aminotransferase (89.7--209.3 nmol/min . mg protein), glycine oxaloacetate aminotransferase (135- 227 nmol/min . mg protein), alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase (66.3--163.2 nmol/min . mg protein) and serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (57.1--68.4 nmol/min . mg protein). Short term labelling experiments using 14C-glyoxylate show that glycine plays an important role in amino nitrogen transfer in R. acidophila and that the enzymes for the metabolism of glyoxylate via glycine, serine and hydroxypyruvate were present in cell-free extracts. These data confirm that R. acidophila can satisfy all its' nitrogen requirements by transamination. PMID- 7212929 TI - Incorporation of 8 succinate per mol nickel into factors F430 by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. AB - Factors F430 from methanogenic bacteria have recently been shown to contain nickel and it has been speculated that they may have a nickel tetrapyrrole structure. This assumption was tested by determining whether succinate is incorporated by growing Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum into three factors F430. Succinate is assimilated by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum into the amino acids glutamate, arginine and proline and into tetrapyrroles rather than other cell components. It was found that per mol nickel 8--9 mol of succinate were incorporated into the three factors F430 which is the amount predicted for a tetrapyrrole structure. Since the three factors F430 only contained significant amounts of glutamate rather than arginine or proline, the incorporation data suggest that factors F430 are nickel tetrapyrrole compounds. Spectral properties of the three factors F430, apparent molecular weights, and the absence of phosphor in these compounds are also described. PMID- 7212931 TI - The hydrophobicity of bacteria - an important factor in their initial adhesion at the air-water interface. AB - Bacteria isolated from the surface and the subsurface water at four stations along the Swedish west coast were assessed for their hydrophobicity with hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). The surface bacteria were sampled by the Teflon sheet technique. [3H]-L-leucine metabolically labeled isolates were run on a column packed with Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B gel. The relative hydrophobicity of the bacteria was expressed as the ratio, g/e, between the radioactivity of the gel and the eluate. The results revealed a positive correlation between the degree of enrichment of bacteria at the surface and their hydrophobicity. The subsurface bacteria exhibited a broader spectrum of g/e values than the surface bacteria. The initial adhesion of bacteria to the surface microlayer depends on several factors of which the hydrophobic interaction may be one of the most important. PMID- 7212930 TI - Influence of growth phase and carbon source on the content of rubredoxin in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. AB - The rubredoxin content of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in dependence on the carbon source (acetate, n-alkanes, succinate, L-malate) and on the growth phase was studied by means of a radioimmunoassay. The method used was specific for rubredoxin and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The formation of rubredoxin increased with time up to the end of the logarithmic phase when n-alkanes were the sole carbon source. After growth of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus on non-hydrocarbon substrates, rubredoxin was not detected. PMID- 7212932 TI - Utilization of amines by yeasts. AB - 461 Strains of the yeast collection of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS) were screened for their ability to utilize 9 different amines as a sole carbon and energy source and/or as nitrogen source. A miniaturized technique with microtiter plates was used. None of the primary and methylated amines tested (i.e. methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, tetramethylammonium chloride, choline, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine and benzylamine) were utilized as a carbon and energy source, although the majority of yeasts (86%) were able to utilize one or more of these compounds as a nitrogen source. The ability to utilize ethylamine and higher homologues occurred more frequently than the ability to utilize methylated amines. In almost all genera the utilization of primary and methylated amines was found, with utilization among yeasts and the inability of these organisms to utilize amines as a carbon and energy source is discussed. PMID- 7212934 TI - [Light and electron microscopic studies of cardiac pathomorphology in swine due to transport fatigue (porcine stress syndrome)]. AB - Optical light microscopy and electron microscopy were used to examine 22 or eleven hearts of pigs which had been killed in a state of extreme fatigue due to transport. Samples were taken and fixed within five minutes from stunning. The following histological findings were obtained: Glycogen depletion of the myocardiac fibres was conspicuous in most cases, usually with high glycogen levels in Purkinje's fibres. Discrete, easily overseeable changes of scattered fibres or groups of fibres in the form of granular or hyaline degeneration were recorded from 73 per cent of the cases, with degeneration having been granular in 59 per cent and hyaline in 54 per cent. Fibre oedema was rare and recordable from only two cases. Changing prestatic hyperaemia was established from terminal vessels, while no visible alterations were found in capillary endothelia by optical light microscopy. The following results were gained by means of electron microscopy: Glycogen depletion was accompanied by differently pronounced expansion of parts of both the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-system. Unchanged mitochondria were detected together with incipient mitochondrial swelling to different degrees, accompanied by cristolysis, in certain rare instances, as well as by partial or total homogenisation of interior mitochondrial structures, in more frequent cases. Z-strips were widened in eight cases. Limited decomposition of fibrils in some myocardiac cells was observed in samples of three animals. There were signs of usually moderate interfibrillar and perinuclear oedema and of predominantly inconspicuous capillary endothelia. Most of the changes were reversible and less strongly pronounced, and they were likely to suggest the presence of disorders in energy metabolism and impairment of stimulus conduction. They are interpreted as secondary myocardiopathy, caused by haemodynamic-hypoxic factors, following primary insufficiency of peripheral circulation. PMID- 7212933 TI - Oxidation of short-chain fatty acids by sulfate-reducing bacteria in freshwater and in marine sediments. AB - Colony counts of acetate-, propionate- and L-lactate-oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine sediments were made. The vertical distribution of these organisms were equal for the three types considered. The highest numbers were found just beneath the border of aerobic and anaerobic layers. Anaerobic mineralization of acetate, propionate and L-lactate was studied in the presence and in the absence of sulfate. In freshwater and in marine sediments, acetate and propionate were oxidized completely with concomitant reduction of sulfate. L Lactate was always fermented. Lactate-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacteria could only be isolated from marine sediments, they belonged to the genus Desulfobacter and oxidized only acetate and ethanol by sulfate reduction. Propionate-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacteria belonged to the genus Desulfobulbus. They were isolated from freshwater as well as from marine sediments and showed a relatively large range of usable substrates: hydrogen, formate, propionate, L-lactate and ethanol were oxidized with concomitant sulfate reduction. L-Lactate and pyruvate could be fermented by most of the isolated strains. PMID- 7212935 TI - [Mycoplasma mastitis of cattle. 8. Pathological anatomy and histology of experimental Mycoplasma bovis mastitis]. AB - Macroscopic and histological findings, obtained from 60 udders, are described in this paper. The animals had been infected with mycoplasma bovis and slaughtered, after something between two and 21 days had elapsed from infection. The infections and, consequently, pathologico-anatomic and histological changes were found to expand rapidly over the infected quarter and, with only little time lag, across non-infected control quarters. Roughly one week from infection, the affected quarters appeared engorged, slightly enlarged, and of tough consistence, their cutting surfaces being nodular and of moderate grey-yellowish discoloration. The same quarters were clearly reduced in size, between two and three weeks after infection, and still of tough consistence, their cutting surfaces being light brown to brown-yellow and smooth. Pronounced degeneration of alveolar epithelium, exudation of neutrophilic granulocytes, differentiated in intensity, and intra-alveolar accumulation of strongly eosin-coloured homogenous substance were the histological findings recorded between four and nine days from infection. The same alterations, yet, less strongly pronounced, continued to be recordable from now reduced alveoli, between two and three weeks from infection. Lactating tissue had entirely vanished by that time. The general pattern then was characterised by extensive alveolar atrophy and inter-alveolar infiltration of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes. These changes proved useful in diagnosis. PMID- 7212936 TI - [Studies on the reliability of hard diagnosis of Marek's disease and lymphoid leukosis of chickens on the basis of pathologic-anatomical findings]. AB - The reliability of criteria for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Marek's disease and lymphoid leucosis of fowl, as part of herd diagnosis and on the basis of pathologico-anatomic findings as well as of pathomorphological and statistical tests has been checked for treatment in this paper. Tumorous lesions were macroscopically and histologically recorded from 1,261 hens of various industrialised poultry units. Marek's disease was established in 316 cases, lymphoid leucosis in 828 cases, mixed manifestations in 33 cases, and other neoplasias in 84 cases. These animals, together with 591 hens in which Marek's disease had been experimentally induced, were evaluated by pathologico-anatomic criteria of differential diagnosis. The conclusion was drawn that differential diagnosis of Marek's disease and lymphoid leucosis on the basis of pathologico anatomic findings, without histological testing, was sufficiently reliable, when undertaken as part of herd diagnosis monitoring. The expected small number of false diagnoses will be unimportant to herd diagnosis. Both diagnosis and differential diagnosis will be conducted by the following criteria: age of animal, alterations caused by Marek's disease to nerves, eyes, and skin, tumour growth in bursa fabricii caused by lymphoid leucosis, atrophy of bursa fabricii caused by Marek's disease, as well as differences between both diseases regarding tumour development in other organs, with due consideration to be given to the number of affected organs, as a whole, and to pathologico-anatomic organic changes caused by tumour growth. PMID- 7212937 TI - [Morphology and biochemistry of blood of various mustelids. 4. Determination of various metabolites in the arterial plasma of mink--principles of the preparation of standard values for laboratory diagnosis in farm mink (Mustela vison Schreber, 1777)]. AB - An account is first given of latest knowledge on how to determine clinico diagnostic applicability of certain metabolites in mink plasma and serum. Then, statistically treated results obtained from analysis of levels of total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, total cholesterin, triglyceride, and total bilirubin are tabulated and discussed, with due consideration being given to sexual dimorphism, following determination of those values from arterial plasma of 118 male and 124 female minks, aged between six and seven months and kept under anaesthesia. The following preliminary findings are somewhat worth mentioning: (a) Total cholesterin concentrations in plasma of females were found to be higher than those recorded from the males tested. However, no sex-related differences were established for any of the other parameters. (b) Creatinine, urea, and total cholesterin followed simple normal distribution. However, plasma protein concentrations exhibited no Gaussian distribution until all individual data had been logarithmically transformed. (c) In a complementary model experiment, in which the above plasma data were determined from nine male ferrets, aged between six and seven months, evidence was produced to differentiated effects of neuroleptanalgesia on metabolite concentrations. PMID- 7212938 TI - [Staphylococcus aureus infection in chickens in industrialized poultry units. 1. Manifestations of Staphylococcus aureus infection in chickens]. AB - Staphylococcus aureus infection has become an increasingly grave problem in industrialised poultry farming. This first communication in a series of publications on highly involved studies and experiments describes manifestations of the most common staphylococcal infections in fowl, including synovitis with arthritis, osteomyelitis, dermatitis, endocarditis, septicaemia, wound infection, and ophthalmitis. Reference in greater detail is made to manifestations with more important economic consequences, such as synovitis with arthritis, osteomyelitis, and dermatitis. Their frequency, dependence on age, clinical patterns, pathomorphology, pathogenesis are expounded together with peculiarities of differential diagnosis, with reference being made to findings obtained by the authors from their own studies on three industrialised poultry units. PMID- 7212940 TI - Reliability of psychiatric diagnosis in hospitalized adolescents. Interrater agreement using DSM-III. AB - To determine the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis in hospitalized adolescents, 95 consecutively admitted patients were diagnosed independently by two experienced clinicians using DSM-III criteria. Diagnostic judgments were based on joint interview of the patient via a structured mental-status examination, nursing observations, and referral materials. Concordance was analyzed by the kappa coefficient. A total of 13 DSM-III categories were used to classify this cohort, with the majority of categories representing traditional syndromes of functional psychopathology. There was complete agreement between the raters for more than three fourths of the patients. Levels of agreement for the categories of schizophrenia and major affective disorder were similar to values obtained in recent studies of adult patients. The results are discussed in relation to historical conceptions of adolescent psychopathology. PMID- 7212939 TI - [Iron, iron-binding capacity, copper and protein in blood plasma and hemoglobin in the blood of sows before and during pregnancy]. AB - Blood tests were applied to five gilts and twelve adult sows, prior to insemination as well as in the sixth, ninth, twelfth, and 15th weeks of pregnancy. Average haemoglobin values in both groups dropped from 14.0 g/100 ml or 11.3 g/100 ml, at first measurement, to 9.5 g/100 ml in the ninth week of pregnancy. Then regrowth occurred to 12.6 g/100 ml or 12.2 g/100 ml up to the 15th week. The average blood plasma iron levels were 142 micrograms/100 ml or 117 micrograms/100 ml, at first measurement and went up in both groups, between the twelfth and 15th weeks, from 110 micrograms/100 ml to 161 micrograms/100 ml or from 105 micrograms/100 ml to 149 micrograms/100 ml. The original iron fixation capacity values for both groups were 673 micrograms/100 ml or 645 micrograms/100 ml and dropped to 524 micrograms/100 ml or 492 micrograms/100 ml by the 15th week of pregnancy. The copper levels grew from 221 micrograms/100 ml to 305 microgram/100 ml for gilts and from 200 micrograms/100 ml to 236 micrograms/100 ml for adult sows, from the twelfth to 15th weeks. The average blood plasma protein levels had been 7.7 g/100 ml or 8.1 g/100 ml, at the beginning, and went up to 8.5 g/100 ml in either group by the 15th week. PMID- 7212941 TI - The mental health professional's concept of the normal adolescent. AB - This article presents empirical evidence, based on the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire, comparing the self-image of normal adolescents, psychiatrically disturbed adolescents, and juvenile delinquents, with adolescent self-image as seen by 62 mental health professionals. The latter group was asked to complete the test the way they believed a normal, mentally healthy adolescent would complete it. Similar data were gathered from graduate students in psychology. In seven of ten scales, the mental health professionals viewed the normal adolescent as significantly more disturbed than the normal adolescent views himself or herself. The professionals saw the normal adolescents as having more problems than were reported either by the psychiatrically disturbed or the delinquent adolescents. These findings are important in terms of psychodynamic theory of adolescence and diagnostic problems encountered in work with adolescents. PMID- 7212942 TI - Des-tyrosine-gamma-endorphin administration in chronic schizophrenics. A preliminary report. AB - The beta-lipotrophin fragment des-tyrosine-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E) has been reported to have antipsychotic properties. We administered the compound without other psychoactive drugs to a subpopulation of schizophrenic subjects. Male patients with chronic psychotic illness and previous long-term neuroleptic therapy were given DT gamma E at a similar dose and duration of treatment that have been reported to be effective. No improvement in psychotic symptoms occurred; plasma prolactin level, a parameter characteristically altered by neuroleptic treatment, did not change. The beneficial effects of DT gamma E in schizophrenia may be specific to a diagnostic category, may be dependent on past pharmacologic treatment, or may occur only in combination with other drugs. PMID- 7212943 TI - Right frontal lobe activation and right hemisphere performance. Decrement during a depressed mood. AB - Evidence from psychiatric patients has suggested that depressive affect may coincide with a decrement in the functioning of the right cerebral hemisphere. We have observed that college students who reported greater depression also reported less vivid imagery. Students undergoing experimental induction of depressive and euphoric moods in the laboratory showed an auditory attentional bias and impaired imagery during the depression condition, while their arithmetic task performance was unchanged. A second mood-induction experiment indicated a depressed mood to be characterized by asymmetrical EEG activation over the frontal lobes, with relatively greater activity in the right frontal region. These observations suggest that anterior regions of the brain may modulate the differential effects of emotional arousal on the information-processing capacities of the cerebral hemispheres. PMID- 7212944 TI - Early information processing deficit in schizophrenia. New findings using schizophrenic subgroups and manic control subjects. AB - In recent years, the idea that schizophrenia involves a primary disturbance of the higher cognitive (ie, cortical) thinking processes has been challenged by investigators who have shown that there may be a primary disturbance in schizophrenia in the early stages of information processing that occurs during the first few hundred milliseconds after the stimulus reaches the sense organs. Among the hypothesized early information processing deficits are deficiencies in iconic storage (a brief peripheral memory store) and slowness of processing from iconic storage to a more permanent memory system. Three experiments were conducted using tachistoscopically presented stimuli in order to evaluate these two stages of information processing (iconic storage and speed of processing) in schizophrenic and control subjects. Results converged in supporting the hypothesis, that independent of iconic storage and sensory registration, slow information processing is a relatively stable deficit of schizophrenic patients with a poor prognosis. The schizophrenic patients with a good prognosis had a similar deficit, which was reversible. Results are discussed as they relate to the early information processing deficit theories of schizophrenia. PMID- 7212945 TI - Eye-tracking patterns in schizophrenia. An analysis based on the incidence of saccades. AB - Saccades occurring when tracking a sine-wave target and when fixating a stationary target were studied in the following three groups: schizophrenics, other psychiatric inpatients, and normal controls. The frequency of saccades when tracking and when fixating was significantly greater among schizophrenics than among the two comparison groups. The pattern of occurrence of saccades within cycles of the sine movement was similar in the three groups; the greatest occurrence was at the highest target velocity and the lowest occurrence was at reversal points. The data are interpreted as consistent with the hypothesis of a failure on inhibiting mechanisms. PMID- 7212946 TI - Subjective response to antipsychotic drugs. AB - Sixty-three newly admitted schizophrenic patients were given a test dose of thiothixene and their subjective response was recorded by a technician blind to clinical ratings. All patients were then treated wih thiothixene in an active milieu setting. Patients varied widely in their subjective responses. An initial dysphoric response was a powerful predictor of both immediate and eventual drug refusal. Before treatment, dysphoric responders tended to be less symptomatic and did significantly better on the Continuous Performance Test. Dysphoric responders experienced significantly more extrapyramidal symptoms following the test dose. Some dysphoric responders did have a good outcome when treated with very low doses. We recommend that patients with a history of dysphoric response be given a very low dose initially. PMID- 7212947 TI - Chlorpromazine levels and the outcome of treatment in schizophrenic patients. AB - Plasma and saliva levels of chlorpromazine hydrochloride were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, after a standard dosage had been administered to 48 newly admitted schizophrenic patients over 28 days. Other treatments were rigorously controlled. Saliva chlorpromazine concentrations were higher than plasma concentrations generally by about four to 50 times. Saliva and plasma chlorpromazine levels were significantly related. There was great variability in individuals between plasma and saliva peaks and values over time, in plasma/saliva ratios, and in change in plasma/saliva ratio over time. Chlorpromazine plasma and saliva levels at the end of fixed, sustained dosage treatment did not correlate with the amount of improvement as measured by ten criteria from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Mobility, Affects Cooperation, and Communication Scale. Yet levels obtained in the 24 hours after the first dose did seen related to outcome, more strongly for saliva chlorpromazine than for plasma chlorpromazine levels. A reexamination is in order of our concepts of the relationships between levels of antipsychotic drugs in the body and treatment effect. PMID- 7212949 TI - Styles of listening and clinical sensitivity. AB - We report the results of a study of the relation between individual differences in listening style and clinical sensitivity. Listening style is conceptualized as extending from a critical, analytic, focused attitude to a holistic, intuitive, free-floating attitude. Two measures of listening style are used: eye-blink rate and memory for high-imagery words. A tape recording, a 17-minute fragment of a psychotherapy, has been rated by a panel of experts as containing 22 cues reflecting the patient's concern with termination of treatment. This calibrated tape is played to clinicians, and their ability to identify the cues is our experimental measure of clinical sensitivity. It was found that listening style is a strong predictor of clinical sensitivity. The method offers promise for study of a range of issues relevant to therapeutic processes. PMID- 7212948 TI - Medical histories of female delinquents. Clinical and epidemiologic findings. AB - The medical histories (based on hospital records) of matched samples of nonincarcerated delinquent girls, incarcerated delinquent girls, and nondelinquent girls were compared. Numbers of visits, timing of visits, services used, and reasons for hospital contacts were compared for the three groups. Delinquent girls in general had significantly more adverse medical histories than nondelinquent girls; they made significantly more hospital visits and had significantly more accidents and injuries through age 21 years. Perinatal difficulties did not distinguish these two groups. Although incarcerated and nonincarcerated delinquent girls made similar numbers of hospital visits, their histories differed qualitatively. Accidents and injuries, head and face injuries, perinatal difficulties, neurologic abnormalities, and child abuse were found more frequently in the histories of incarcerated girls. These findings have etiologic importance to the development of seriously delinquent behavior. PMID- 7212950 TI - The menstrual cycle, personality, and academic performance. AB - Considerable research supports the widespread complaint of mood and behavioral changes during the menstrual cycle. However, there is little evidence of effects on intellectual performance, even though students commonly complain of it. We studied the results obtained by 244 female medical and paramedical students in all examinations taken during one year. In view of suspected correlations between personality characteristics and degree of dysmenorrhea, an Eysenck Personality Inventory, measuring extroversion and neuroticism, was administered. The examination results of high and low scorers on these personality scales and of those women with prolonged (greater than or equal to six days) menses were reanalyzed. Not one of these analyses revealed significant menstrual-cycle effects on examination performance. Thus, while some persons may suffer, it does not seem that menstrual cycle effects are sufficient to handicap significantly the examination performance of the majority of female students. PMID- 7212953 TI - Schizoaffective disorder and drug-free improvement. PMID- 7212952 TI - Comparison of Samoans in Samoa and California. PMID- 7212951 TI - Midlife reactions to mastectomy and subsequent breast reconstruction. AB - The well-documented psychological disturbances that follow mastectomy have been said to be less frequent and intense in postclimacteric women. Data from our interviews with mastectomy patients, 12 of whom were postclimacteric, indicate otherwise. Their distress was often outwardly different, but inwardly still traumatic. During frequent, open-ended interviews, feelings were revealed of loss, depression, and shame about sexual feelings that the patients believed to be inappropriate to their age. These revelations were facilitated by the frequency of the interviews, the decreasing unconscious use of denial as time passed, and the knowledge of the possibility of breast reconstruction. The patients' need to pretend to themselves and others that the mastectomy was relatively unimportant added an extra burden to the usual stress of coping with midlife anxieties. Reconstruction decreased the mastectomized woman's feelings of dependence and mutilation. PMID- 7212954 TI - Drug abuse warning network. PMID- 7212956 TI - Autonomic nervous system activity in acute schizophrenia: II. relationships to short-term prognosis and clinical state. AB - Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in acute schizophrenic patients was assessed to examine predictive relationships to clinical course. Unmedicated patients were rated on global psychopathology and tested on skin conductance, heart rate, and skin temperature during rest, a series of tones, and reaction time and mental arithmetic tasks three weeks after admission and again about three months later. On the admission tests, a pattern of ANS activity found in schizophrenics in general (high resting "arousal," slow habituation, and attenuated ANS reactivity, particularly to demanding stimuli and situations) was found in patients who were to remain clinically ill but not in patients whose recovery was more complete, especially in males. Thus, ANS activity is predictive of short-term outcome in acute schizophrenia. Minimal ANS changes accompanied clinical improvement, which suggests a "'trait" interpretation, but "state" effects cannot be completely ruled out. PMID- 7212955 TI - Autonomic nervous system activity in acute schizophrenia: I. method and comparison with normal controls. AB - Many reports of autonomic dysfunction in schizophrenia may have been influenced by the chronicity or medication status of patients, or both. This study eliminates these sources of variation. Skin conductance (SC) and heart rate (HR) base levels and activity were compared in 118 controls and 46 recently admitted, drug-free, acute schizophrenic patients during rest, 20 mild-tone stimuli, and reaction time (RT) and mental arithmetic tasks. Patients showed higher than normal HR and spontaneous SC responses but lower SC base levels. Schizophrenics showed less SC and HR reactivity to tones and RT stimuli, slow habituation of the SC orienting response, an attenuated tonic response to stress, and disproportionately more spontaneous than elicited SC activity. The findings are similar to previous results for unmedicated, chronic schizophrenics and suggest that autonomic activity in schizophrenics is determined relatively more by endogenous factors than by external stimuli. PMID- 7212957 TI - Sensory receptor sensitivity in autistic children: response times to proximal and distal stimulation. AB - On the basis of behavioral observation, it has been postulated that autistic children prefer proximal (touch, taste) to distal (sight, hearing) sensory modalities. To assess this systematically, autistic children's simple response times were measured with auditory, visual, and tactile stimulation. Children were studied for up to 25 sessions of 40 trials with each modality. Response times were significantly related to mental age. Autistic children's responses were significantly slower than normal children's. However, autistic children and normal children had the same pattern, fastest responding to auditory stimuli and slowest responding to tactile stimulation. Autistic children's preference for proximal stimuli probably reflects a continuation of immature behavior rather than a basic disturbance in sensory receptor sensitivity. PMID- 7212958 TI - Acoustic analysis: an objective measure of affective flattening. AB - Acoustic analysis of voice patterns is an objective means of evaluating flatness of affect. Thirty-one patients defined as having flat affect by a reliable rating scale were compared with 30 patients who were not flat. The hypothesis that flat patients display monotonic speech was confirmed, for these patients showed less variance in both the amplitude and frequency of their speech than the nonflat patients. PMID- 7212959 TI - Schneiderian first-rank symptoms in schizophrenia. AB - Schneider's first-rank symptoms (FRS) are recognized by many psychiatrists worldwide as definitive criteria for establishing the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The relationships between FRS and major aspects of psychopathology were examined. Clinical course and outcome, indices of current functioning and symptom severity, premorbid adjustment, and prognostic indicators were assessed. Major comparisons were made between schizophrenics with FRS at follow-up and schizophrenics with psychotic symptoms exclusive of FRS. Positive findings in select areas of outcome functioning argue for the utility of FRS. However, several findings indicated that FRS were not more effective than non-Schneiderian psychotic symptoms in delineating central characteristics of the schizophrenic syndrome; they may identify a subgroup of schizophrenics with a more chronic course, but they do not appear to have the unique importance or diagnostic specificity that has been accorded them. PMID- 7212960 TI - Depression in the course of chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia. AB - Among 100 patients with chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia, parental loss before 17 years of age was significantly associated with the 39 who were treated for a depressive syndrome. PMID- 7212961 TI - Role of past loss in depression. AB - Among 187 depressives, 83 had parental loss before 17 years of age. Parental loss was not related to younger age or to a previous episode of depression. In a matched, controlled study of 102 of the depressives, parental loss before 17 years of age was significantly associated with depression. PMID- 7212962 TI - Parental loss in childhood: relationship to adult psychiatric impairment and contact with psychiatric services. AB - Both parental death in childhood and parent-child separations (from causes other than death) were assessed in a community survey of psychiatric disorder and in an equivalent sample of psychiatric outpatients from the same community. Symptomatic disorder (psychiatric caseness) and psychiatric illness behavior (patient status) were examined. Symptomatic disorder was defined by comparing community (unreferred) cases with noncases. Illness behavior was specified by comparing the psychiatric outpatients with the community cases. Parental death in childhood bore no relation to either symptomatic disorder in the community sample (psychiatric caseness) or to psychiatric illness behavior (patient status) in adult life. Parent-child separations similarly had no relation to adult symptomatic disorder but were significantly associated with psychiatric illness behavior. PMID- 7212963 TI - Initial psychological response to parental death. AB - A cohort of patients seeking help at a clinical research center providing time limited brief therapy for posttraumatic stress disorders was assembled. The single life event experienced by each was death of a parent. A nonequivalent comparison group was gathered by review of hospital death records. Both groups received the same type of evaluation interview and completed the same measures, which were similar to those done for both groups by the clinical interviewer. These data indicated that while both groups contained persons with medium to high distress levels, the patient group was most uniformly composed of such persons; when compared with the field-study group, the patient group had significant and important elevations of distress levels. PMID- 7212964 TI - Neoplasm and traumatic events in childhood. AB - Previous research has suggested that certain objectively defined traumatic events occurring in childhood and/or adolescence may be linked to the appearance of neoplasm later in life. The present report examines four such events-parental death, parental divorce, sibling death, and having been the youngest child for less than two years-for their frequency of occurrence within four groups of physician subjects classified according to current health status as follows: major cancer, skin cancer, benign tumor, and healthy controls. All data had been collected while the subjects were in medical school within the context of a long term, prospectively oriented study. Major cancer subjects were also compared with their cancer-free siblings with respect to length of time spent as youngest child. Although there was a slight tendency for the trend of the findings to be in accord with the hypotheses tested, no statistically significant differences among groups could be demonstrated. PMID- 7212965 TI - Quality of life events in relation to psychiatric symptoms. AB - This prospective study explored the relationship of life changes to psychiatric symptom changes in psychiatric outpatients (N = 196) and a comparison group of nonpatients (N = 194). Subjects completed the Schedule of Recent Experiences and a symptom checklist bimonthly for 18 months. At all reporting intervals, symptoms and events were strongly correlated. Undesirable and uncontrollable events related positively and desirable events negatively to symptoms. Among symptoms, those of a dysphoric and somatic nature were most strongly associated with event change. Psychiatric patients also reported more undesirable, more uncontrollable, and fewer desirable events than the comparison group. We conclude that the relationship of life events to symptoms depends on the specific qualities of both events and symptoms. Undesirable and uncontrollable events appear to have a direct, and desirable events an inverse, association with dysphoric and somatic symptoms. PMID- 7212966 TI - Life event reports by psychiatric patients, nonpatients, and their partners. AB - The Schedule of Recent Experience (SRE) was completed for three separate two month periods by groups of male psychiatric patients, male nonpatients, and their partners (primarily spouses). Each partner completed the SRE for life events believed to have occurred to the index person. For both patient and nonpatient pairs, perfect agreement was reported for only about one third of the responses where at least one pair member reported an occurrence. With disagreements, index persons were little more likely than their partners to report that an event occurred. Agreement was higher for clearly worded than for vaguely worded items in both patient and nonpatient groups. Among nonpatient pairs only, agreement was higher for events that would be difficult to hide from a partner than for those that could be kept hidden. Agreement for undesirable events for either group. PMID- 7212967 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow during alcohol withdrawal. AB - Serial bilateral measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by the xenon Xe 133 inhalation method were made during 13 withdrawal periods in 12 male alcoholics with pronounced physical dependence. A significant global reduction of rCBF was found during the first two days of withdrawal. The largest decreases were seen in cases with clouded sensorium and with an extended preceding drinking period. An rCBF distribution with relatively high temporal and low parietal flows during the first two days was coupled to aggravated symptoms. In two men who reported auditory and visual hallucinations during the measurements, elevated rCBF values were found in the temporal, Sylvian, and occipital regions. PMID- 7212968 TI - The right to refuse treatment: why psychiatrists should and can make it work. AB - There is a right to refuse treatment and this right already exists in the legal doctrine of informed consent. The basic legal justification for overcoming this right is the incompetence of the patient. Incompetence is also the central consideration in overcoming any constitutional right to refuse treatment. The constitutional theories of the right to refuse treatment are briefly presented and their implementation in different recent decisions is considered. A distinction is made between the requirement of proving incompetency and the requirement of appointing a neutral party as arbiter for incompetent patients. A recent constitutional ruling that recognizes this distinction and permits psychiatrists rather than neutral arbiters to make treatment decisions for patients is discussed as a model that should be acceptable to psychiatry. PMID- 7212969 TI - Renard diagnostic interview. Its reliability and procedural validity with physicians and lay interviewers. AB - A psychiatric diagnostic interview that can be reliably and validly administered by nonpsychiatric physicians and lay interviewers has both research and clinical applications. We examined the interrater reliability and procedural validity of the Renard Diagnostic Interview (RDI), an instrument designed for these purposes. Randomly selected psychiatric inpatients were interviewed once by a psychiatrist using our standard departmental research interview and were then given RDIs by two psychiatrists, two lay interviewers, or one of each. The reliability of the RDI is estimated by examining diagnostic concordance for the two RDI interviews. Procedural validity is estimated by examining diagnostic concordance between the RDI and the traditional departmental interview. Both reliability and procedural validity were found to be high, and the study demonstrates that lay interviewers using the RDI after a brief period of training can obtain accurate diagnostic information. PMID- 7212970 TI - Reliability of lifetime diagnosis. A multicenter collaborative perspective. AB - It is important to determine the reliability of lifetime diagnosis in a nonpatient population, for this type of diagnostic data and this type of sample are used in many genetic, epidemiological, and nosological studies. We examined the reliability of lifetime diagnosis when the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version and Research Diagnostic Criteria were used to interview ill and well relatives of probands in the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study of the Psychobiology of Depression. Subjects were interviewed three times, so data are available concerning both short- and long interval test-retest reliability. Short-interval test-retest reliability was excellent for both diagnoses and symptoms. Reliability was also quite high in the long-interval test-retest study. We conclude that it is possible to make lifetime diagnoses reliably in a nonpatient population. PMID- 7212971 TI - Reliability studies of psychiatric diagnosis. Theory and practice. AB - The existing literature on the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis falls into two periods, the earlier reporting low reliability and the latter reporting much higher figures. The reasons for this trend are examined in the context of a discussion of the design of diagnostic reliability studies. The problems of research design and execution in studies of diagnostic reliability are reviewed, and statistical problems are examined. Solutions to many of these problems ae suggested, including recommendations of appropriate reliability coefficients and data analyses. PMID- 7212972 TI - Delusional depression. A distinct clinical entity? AB - The prognostic importance of delusions in the depressive syndrome had been a major focus of study before somatic therapies were available. Recently, the growing evidence that delusional depressives respond at a significantly lower rate to tricyclic antidepressants than do nondelusional depressives has revived this interest. That evidence is reviewed, and the demographic data and pretreatment clinical phenomenology of a series of hospitalized depressed patients were analyzed to see if differences existed between the delusional and nondelusional groups. Delusional unipolar depressives were less likely to recover while receiving placebo, had significantly more psychomotor retardation, and showed a trend toward fewer previous episodes than nondelusional unipolar depressives. PMID- 7212973 TI - Stress response syndromes. Recurrent themes. AB - There is a consensus among clinicians treating patients who have experienced a trauma that a number of common themes emerge. Using a manual that codified ten of these themes, their frequency was measured in the case material of 30 psychotherapy patients treated for posttraumatic stress disorders after bereavement or personal injury. The themes found to be most prominent in bereavement cases included sadness over loss and discomfort over discovered personal vulnerability. In the personal-injury cases, fear of a repetition of the event and feelings of responsibility emerged most frequently. Rage at the source of the trauma figured prominently in both bereavement and personal-injury cases. PMID- 7212974 TI - Treatment of traumatic war neurosis with phenelzine. AB - Traumatic war neurosis may become a chronic, debilitating condition that resists treatment interventions. Five patients with traumatic war neurosis had favorable therapeutic responses to phenelzine sulfate. These patients did not respond to multiple previous therapeutic trials with antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, and psychotherapy with or without medication. With phenelzine, the patients felt calmer and stopped having nightmares and flashbacks of traumatic war material. Startle reactions and aggressive, violent outbursts also ceased. PMID- 7212975 TI - A model of risk of falling for psychogeriatric patients. AB - One hundred community-dwelling psychiatric outpatients, 60 years and older, were evaluated for factors associated with symptoms of dizziness, falling, and orthostatic hypotension. Thirty-nine percent complained of dizziness or falling, and 34% had systolic orthostatic hypotension. Together, systolic and diastolic blood pressure drop, type of somatic illness, type and number of drugs, and psychiatric diagnosis accounted for 50% of the variance in dizziness and falling. Type of illness, drug category, and psychiatric diagnosis accounted for only 19% of the variance in orthostatic hypotension. Statistical analysis showed that systolic orthostatic hypotension, disease classification, and type and number of drugs taken contribute independently to dizziness and falling. In geriatric psychiatric patients, careful attention to orthostatic hypotension, concurrent somatic illness, and number and type of medication is essential to the prevention of dizziness, falling, and their consequences. PMID- 7212976 TI - Side effects of corticosteroid therapy. Psychiatric aspects. AB - We reviewed the literature to determine the characteristics of corticosteroid induced mental disturbances. We conclude that (1) while dosage may be correlated to the risk of developing mental disturbances, neither dosage nor duration of treatment seems to affect the time of onset, duration, severity, or type of mental disturbances; (2) euphoria, depression, and psychotic reactions are the common manifestations of corticosteroid-induced mental disturbances; (3) females seem to be more prone to these disturbances than males; (4) patients with past mental illness are not necessarily predisposed to such disturbances; and (5) corticosteroid-induced mental disturbances are usually reversible on dose reduction or discontinuation of the drug. At present there are no simple models to explain the psychotic reactions, anxiety, or agitation seen in corticosteroid induced mental disturbances. PMID- 7212977 TI - Morphological and cytochemical changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte lysosomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Morphological changes of lysosomes (according to Blum) and the activity of acid phosphatase (by the method of Barka and Andersen) were investigated in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia non-treated or treated with Leukeran. The division into groups was carried out according to Rai. Pathological lymphocytes in relation to lymphocytes of healthy subjects showed a decreased number of lysosomes and an increased number of cells with diffuse type of reaction to acid phosphatase. A relation was found between the intensity of morphological changes of lysosomes in pathological lymphocytes and the clinical state of the patients. Morphological evaluation of lysosomes in lymphocytes is a good diagnostic criterion of treatment effectiveness providing prognostic cues. PMID- 7212978 TI - Dependence on exogenous methionine of rat sarcoma and murine leukemia cells in culture. AB - A comparative study was performed on methionine auxotrophy of rat sarcoma and murine leukemia cells taken directly from the organism and grown in culture in media lacking methionine or in which methionine was substituted by homocysteine. Methionine auxotrophy was observed in both kinds of cells. At low levels of methionine in the media containing homocysteine rat sarcoma cells showed an increase in growth. Addition of homocysteine to the media with low levels of methionine did not influence the survival of murine leukemia cells. PMID- 7212979 TI - Antitumor properties of selected 1,2,4-triazine derivatives. AB - Several new 3-thio-1,2,4-triazine derivatives were synthesized and investigated for antimicrobial and antitumor activity in in vitro and in vivo systems. Some of the investigated compounds inhibited growth of gram-positive bacteria and fungi at the concentration of 5-20 microgram/ml. Two methyl-nitro-imidazole-triazine derivatives (XI and XIII) inhibited the development of chicken fibroblast at 0.1 microgram/ml. Three out of fourteen compounds tested (V, XII and XIII) inhibited by 75% growth of sarcoma 180 when injected s.c. for 14 consecutive days in the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. At the same doses no effect was noted on leukemia L 1210 and P 388. Correlation between chemical structure, cytotoxic activity, antitumor effect and antimicrobial activity is discussed. PMID- 7212980 TI - Antifungal properties of a novel 1,2,4-triazine derivative I 319. AB - The antifungal activity of the sodium salts, of 3-thiolo-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine (I 319) was determined in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of I 319 for 33 pathogenic and saprophytic fungal strains ranged from 3.1 to 25 microgram/ml. In vivo, experiments were performed on a model of subacute candidiasis in Balb/c mice infected intraperitoneally with Candida albicans. The antifungal activity was estimated on the basis of the extension of the mice life span and on the number of living yeast cells present in the kidneys, liver and spleen of treated and control mice. A single i.p. dose of I 319 (25 mg/kg) prolonged the survival time of treated animals up to 200%. Five subsequent doses of the compound diminished the number of C. albicans cells in the tissues of these mice. The DL50 of I 319 for mice (i.p.) was about 250 mg/kg. PMID- 7212981 TI - Preclinical pharmacologic investigations on a new group of acridine derivatives with oncostatic activity. I. Acute and subchronic action. AB - The influence of l-nitro-9-/2-dihydroxyethylamino-ethylamino-/-acridine (C-835) and l-nitro-9/3-izopropylaminopropylamino/-acridine (C-846) on the basic functions of animal organism in acute and subchronic experiments was studied. Both compounds displayed distinct all-biologic activity. Their toxicity (LD50) in mice was contained in milligramme interval (i.v.), while LD50 administered into the stomach was several dozen times higher. Even administration in protective phosphate buffer, which provides the most neutral pH, produced quite strong local irritant action. The range between LD50 and LD10 was relatively small, which proved relatively small tolerance factor. Both preparations injected intravenously in the doses starting from several mg/kg had hypotensic influence due to their affinity with the myocardium, the parasymphatetic system and the vascular system. The preparations acted spasmolytically on intestine muscles both in vivo and in vitro in a number of animal species. Central action showed clear stimulating component in a behavioric test. The effect of the compounds in interaction to hypnotic and convulsant drugs was equivocal and dependent on the dose and the reference-preparation. The examined compounds did not influence reproduction processes and did not display the teratogenic action. They impaired only the speed of growth of the newborns. The effect of both examined compounds was qualitatively and quantitatively similar. PMID- 7212982 TI - Preclinical pharmacologic investigations on a new group of acridine derivatives with oncostatic activity. II. Chronic action. AB - Influence of 1-nitro-9-(2-dihydroxyethylaminoethylamino)-acridines (C-835) and 1 nitro-9-(3-isopropylamino-propylamino)-acridines (C-846) on animal organs and their basic functions was studied in the chronic action. Rabbits responded to the drugs with considerable tolerance which was less manifested in rats. Slight toxic effect was observed only after maximal doses with which the animals survived 3 month exposure. Enzyme studies and creatinine clearance test did not show any clear-cut impairment of hepatic and renal function. Neither did the preparations influence the red and white blood system, nor the blood clotting time. Microscopic examinations showed their slight (initially) morphologic changes which later passed into degenerative changes (liver, kidney, myocardium) as well as typical of oncostatics, changes in intestinal villi, nuclei and lymphatic system. Also desquamation of intestinal epithelium, hypertrophy of their lamina propria, impairment of spermato- and spermiogenesis as well as atrophy of lymphatic germinal centers and decreased number of small lymphocytes in lymph nodes and spleen were noted. Deviation between the results of function and morphologic tests were discussed. Microscopic changes observed after treatment of the tested acridine derivatives were considered too small to damage the particular organs function. PMID- 7212983 TI - Studies on vomitory effect of some acridine compounds. AB - Vomitory effect of 16 chosen acridine derivatives was observed on pigeons. The expected effect of the preparations as well as their interaction with, causing vomiting lobeline were considered. Two groups were distinguished: 1) preparations which alone caused vomitory reaction (C-283, C-410, C-541, C-609, C-684, C-702, C 829, C-835, C-846, C-1006 and C-1020). 2) Preparations which caused this effect while combined with a subthreshold dose of lobeline (C-429, C-516, C-666, C-857 and C-1005). Dependence of the effects on chemical structure and pharmacological activity of the compounds is discussed. PMID- 7212984 TI - Pharmacological activity in the group of new pyrido-[2,3-c]-1,2 thiazine 1,1 dioxide derivatives. AB - Influence of 25 newly synthesized pyrido-1,2 thiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives on immunological response and on induced inflammatory processes was studied. Marked immunostimulative activity (PFC) of 4,6-dimethyl-8-phenyl-2H-pyrido-[2,3-c] thiazine dioxide (preparation X) was noted. Strong immunosuppressive activity connected with antiinflammatory activity (xylene, carrageenin and granulation test) was observed after the animals had been treated with 2-2'-(dimethyl aminoethyl)-4,6-dimethyl-7-methoxy-8-phenyl-2H-pyrido-[2,3-c]-1, 2 thiazine 1,1 dioxide (preparation VIII) as well as 2,4,6-trimethyl-8-3H-thiazine dioxide (preparation XX). Mechanism of the activity of these compounds is discussed. In the group of the tested derivatives, relatively limited dependence between biological effects and chemical structure of the compounds was demonstrated. PMID- 7212985 TI - [Loss events in childhood as predisposing factors for neurotic and psychotic depression (author's transl)]. AB - In a semistructured interview 90 endogenous depressives, 38 neurotic depressive patients, and 41 controls, 47-67 years of age, were questioned to ascertain the loss events during childhood. 1. The endogenous depressives, the neurotic depressive patients, and the control group had experienced an equal amount of deaths and separations in their childhood. 2. The depressive patients who first became ill after their 41st year of life were as frequently separated from their parents during childhood as the control group. Patients who had first become ill before their 41st year of life had experienced a separation from their parents more frequently than the control group. 3. Within the depressive patient group the following applies: Patients with illnesses before the age of 40 had lost their father earlier than those who became ill after 40; likewise, patients who were ill two and more times had more frequently experienced the loss of a father than those who were depressively ill only once. PMID- 7212986 TI - [Activation and habituation in children and adolescents with mild and severe head injury (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of this study was to analyse the pattern of activation and habituation of youngsters with head injuries depending on the injury's gravity. Nine patients were examined with decerebration after an apallic syndrome; the control group contained ten patients with slight cerebral contusion. The complex test stimulus (optical and acoustical stimulation requiring a reaction) was a phase of a daily, continuous 4-min load with the 'Wiener Determinationsgerat' (Schuhfried). The frequency of heartbeat was registered for 4 (8) days. We analysed the physiological and psychosubjective estimation as well as the psychophysical level of measuring to obtain concrete steps for rehabilitation, depending on the possible interactions. All variables demonstrated a definite distinction between the two groups of patients. Analysis of heartbeat frequency showed that, in spite of similar initial levels of activity, 'initial sensitization' appeared only in the control group; it diminished with habituation and repetition of the stimulus. The descriptive analysis of the HR development in the form of a mathematical exponential function showed that there were three relatively consistent types of reaction: sensitization, habituation, and indifference (nonresponder). The habituation reaction was found only in the control group, indifference only in the group of apallic patients. The analysis of reciprocal action of different levels of measurings shows a certain disorder in the functional systems of the apallic patients, as described by Luria (1976). After the test stimulus the sensomotor and physiological systems do not interact optimally in comparison with patients with slight head injuries. The resulting steps for rehabilitation are discussed. PMID- 7212987 TI - [Left-sided lateralisation and localisation of EEG foci in relation to age and diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The retrospective evaluation of seven non-selective random tests of a total of 2543 continuously registered EEG foci shows the following results: 1. EEG foci on the left side: 1532 = 63.6%; foci on the right side: 875 = 36.4%. 2. Left preponderance in all decennia, significant from the second decennium onwards in nearly constant measurement. 3. Of all foci, 43.6% were exclusively located in temporal regions (71% on the left, 29% on the right). The foci of the occipital region decreased from 60% to 20% between the first decennium and involution, the foci of the temporal region increased from 26% to 54%. 4. Left preponderance occurred in all kinds of EEG foci, among the delta-foci only because of their accumulation in the temporal region. 5. In all diagnoses, the left side was more frequently affected, most distinctly among vascular disturbances, least distinctly among intracranial space-occupying lesions. 6. Six of seven EEG examiners showed significant left preponderance. The extent of left preponderance and the frequency of reductions of alpha waves, of focal dysrhythmias, and of theta wave foci were dependent on the examiner. 7. The authors discuss the connection between the general left preponderance of EEG foci, which is modified by but not basically dependent on sex, age, and diagnosis, and the greater possibility of disturbing the function of the hemisphere dominating speech development. PMID- 7212989 TI - [Disturbances of the pupil reflex associated with cerebral infarction in the posterior cerebral artery territory (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of homonymous hemianopia due to cerebral infarction in the posterior cerebral artery territory showed loss of pupillomotor sensitivity within the hemianopic defects, using small threshold-stimuli under perimetric conditions. Sensory and pupillographic profiles paralleled each other. The recordings were done with a portable pupillograph measuring the infrared light reflected from the iris. A Tubinger perimeter served as stimulator. PMID- 7212988 TI - [The problem of insuring the diagnosis of psycho-organic syndrome. A comparison between medical judgments and psychometric test results (author's transl)]. AB - A comparison was made between diagnostic decisions made by psychiatrists about memory and affective disturbances which are assumed to be typical of Psycho Organic Syndrome and the results of psychometric evaluations of mental functioning. Some correlations could be demonstrated, especially for memory. However, the classification of individual patients showed a high percentage of different assignments between inferences of psychiatrists and test results; very often the patient was categorized as disturbed by the psychiatrist but not by tests. The claim to replicate the medical diagnosis by means of special testing of mental disorders has been critically discussed and rejected. The main goal of psychometric testing in this field seems to be a differential analysis of the performance of patients which is the basis for goal-oriented training programs. PMID- 7212990 TI - [Disturbances of the pupil reflex associated with homonymous hemianopic paracentral scotoma (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases with isolated cerebral infarction near the occipital pole resulting in homonymous hemianopic paracentral scotoma showed loss of pupillomotor sensitivity within the scotomatous defects. This supports previous similar findings in patients with homonymous hemianopia due to larger infarctions in the posterior cerebral artery territory. PMID- 7212991 TI - [Measurements of nerve conduction velocity during decreasing toxic diphenylhydantoin levels and the beginning of carbamazepine medication. A clinical neurophysiological documentation (author's transl)]. AB - Sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity was determined daily in an epileptic patient during recovery of acute diphenylhydantoin toxicity and at the beginning of carbamazepine medication. A statistical correction, which accounts for the influence of variable skin temperatures on the sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), proved to be useful for SNCV measurements of the sural nerves. We found significant correlation between the increasing sensory nerve conduction of the sural nerves and the decreasing diphenylhydantoin levels. During rising carbamazepine concentrations, we observed decreasing conduction velocities in peripheral nerves. PMID- 7212992 TI - The role of nocturnal penile tumescence in differentiating between organic and psychogenic impotence: the first stage of validation. AB - A study was conducted to assess the validity of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) as a means of distinguishing between psychogenic and organic erectile failure (impotence). On the basis of independent clinical criteria, patients were assigned to one of four diagnostic categories--organic impotence, psychogenic impotence, mixed etiology, and uncertain etiology. The NPT characteristics of the patients in the organic and psychogenic groups were compared and decision rules formulated in order to provide optimal discrimination between the two diagnostic categories. A decision rule based on the maximum erectile response observed for each patient led to the correct diagnosis in 80% of cases. Accuracy was increased to 95% when a decision rule based on the maximum frequency of nocturnal erections was employed. The clinical value and limitations of NPT as a diagnostic procedure are discussed. PMID- 7212993 TI - Sexual behavior of castrated sex offenders. AB - Data are reported on the sexual behavior of 39 released sex offenders who agreed voluntarily to surgical castration while imprisoned in West Germany. Findings indicated that frequency of coitus, masturbation, and sexual thoughts are seen as strongly reduced after castration. Sexual desire and sexual arousability are perceived by the subjects as having been considerably impaired by castration. In comparison with other studies, however, it was shown that male sexual capacity was not extinguished soon after castration. Particularly noteworthy is that 11 of 35 castrates (31%) stated they were still able to engage in sexual intercourse. Rapists proved to be sexually more active after castration than homosexuals or pedophiliacs. There seems to be a strong effect on sexual behavior only if castration is performed on males between the age of 46 and 59 years. In general, the findings do not justify recommending surgical castration as a reliable treatment for incarcerated sex offenders. PMID- 7212994 TI - Physical attractiveness: the influence of selected torso parameters. AB - Front-view line drawings of male and female physiques were rated for attractiveness. Both subject sexes rated female physiques with greater curvature as less attractive. Male subjects' ratings were unaffected by breast size while female subjects showed slight negative evaluation of large breasts. Both subjects sexes rated broad shoulders as attractive in male physiques. Greater chest muscularity resulted in slightly higher attractiveness ratings; waist slimness was also judged attractive, particularly in female subjects. PMID- 7212995 TI - Rape fantasies as a function of exposure to violent sexual stimuli. AB - Twenty-nine male students, classified on the basis of questionnaire responses as sexually force oriented or non-force oriented, were randomly assigned to exposure to rape or mutually-consenting versions of a slide-audio show. All subjects were then exposed to the same audio description of a rape read by a female. They were later asked to create their own fantasies. Penile tumescence and self-reports of arousal indicated that relatively high levels of sexual arousal were generated by all of the experimental stimuli. No differences in arousal during the exposure phase were found as a function of the manipulation in the content of the slide audio show. Sexual arousal during the fantasy period, assessed by means of self reports, indicated that those who had been classified as force oriented created more arousing fantasies after having been exposed to the rape version of the show, whereas those classified as non-force oriented created more arousing fantasies following the mutually-consenting version. Most significantly, those exposed to the rape version, irrespective of their sexual classification, created more violent sexual fantasies than those exposed to the mutually-consenting version. The possible role of such media-elicited fantasies in the development of antisocial attitudes and behavior is considered. Also discussed are ethical issues arising from implementing or failing to implement research in this area. PMID- 7212996 TI - Penetrating, obstructing, and perforating carcinomas of the colon and rectum. AB - One third of 735 patients with colorectal cancer operated on at the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, Richmond, between 1957 and 1972 were initially seen with a major complication of their disease (involvement of adjacent organs or structures, obstruction, or perforation). Lesions penetrating to involve adjacent organs made up 9% of the group studied; the operative mortality (9%) and five-year survival figures (41%) for those with this finding were nearly identical to those of the overall series when only resections with curative intent were examined. The operative mortalities from obstructing and perforating lesions were, respectively, two and four times the overall mortality; and crude five-year survival figures were one half and one fourth the overall survival data for the series. This poor prognosis appeared to be largely a function of the more advanced stage of disease in these groups and of sequelae from the complicated manifestations that significantly increased operative mortality. Considering only patients surviving "curative" resections, the penetrating and obstructing lesions were associated with a five-year survival that was the same as that for the curative resection group as a whole (40%), while those patients with perforating lesions had roughly half this life expectancy. Therefore, patients with these major complications of colorectal carcinoma must be treated by an aggressive surgical approach if there is no evidence of metastatic disease. PMID- 7212997 TI - Upper-extremity emboli secondary to axillofemoral graft thrombosis. AB - Four episodes of upper-extremity arterial emboli following axillofemoral bypass graft thrombosis are described. The source of the embolus was the blind stump of the proximal portion of the graft limb that remained patent after graft occlusion. With axillofemoral graft thrombosis, management requires treatment of the lower-limb ischemia and an awareness of the embolic potential of the acutely thrombotic graft limb. Patient evaluation and the surgical management of axillofemoral graft thrombosis with and without the complication of upper extremity ischemia are discussed, as well as the etiology and prevention of this complication. PMID- 7212998 TI - Morbidity and mortality of carotid endarterectomy: rates of occurrence in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. AB - During a six-year period ending December 1979, a retrospective study of 252 carotid endarterectomies in 211 patients was undertaken to review morbidity and mortality, and factors related to them. For purposes of the study, patients were categorized into asymptomatic and symptomatic groups. Indications for operation were internal carotid artery stenosis that occluded 50% or more of the vessel, an ulcerated plaque proved by angiography, or both. There were no postoperative deaths or neurological complications in the asymptomatic group. In the symptomatic group, there was an overall postoperative mortality of 2% and a stroke rate of 2%. All postoperative CNS deaths and strokes occurred in patients in whom there was difficulty in controlling blood pressure postoperatively. We conclude that with regard to carotid endarterectomy for treatment of extracranial occlusive disease (1) there is an acceptable morbidity and mortality in the symptomatic patient, (2) in the asymptomatic patient the procedure is associated with minimal complications, and (3) strict control of blood pressure in the immediate postoperative period is a critical factor in preventing neurological morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7212999 TI - Factors that affect the outcome of peripheral arterial embolization. AB - To find the factors that significantly affected prognosis in patients with peripheral arterial thromboembolism, we reviewed a 12-year experience at two hospitals. Sixty-one patients had 67 embolectomies. Operative treatment and management preserved the limbs in 75.8%. Mortality was 22.4%. Outcome was favorably affected when age was less than 60 years and when arteriosclerotic heart disease was absent, and was adversely affected when common femoral emboli were present and hematocrit level elevated. Duration of symptoms did not affect outcome. Our treatment of patients with peripheral embolism is based on the effect of certain intrinsic factors on the formation of distal thrombus. These factors may be more important than duration of symptoms. Immediate, complete heparinization is recommended to arrest thrombosis, and to allow both for proper emphasis on treatment on the often-associated cardiopathy and for attention to hydration and acid-base balance. This preoperative plan of therapy should produce maximal limb salvage with reduced operative mortality. PMID- 7213002 TI - Energy expenditure in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The basal energy expenditure (BEE) calculated from the Harris-Benedict equation was compared with the resting energy expenditure (REE) measured by indirect calorimetry in 12 consecutive hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The BEE proved to be equivalent to the REE in the prediction of daily caloric requirements. Patients weighing less than 90% of their ideal body weight had significantly increased energy requirements on a per-kilogram-weight basis as compared with those weighing more than 90% of their ideal body weight. Daily caloric requirements based on 1.75 X BEE would provide 45 kcal/kg/24 hr, which is consistent with reported values necessary for anabolism. PMID- 7213000 TI - Angiographic assessment of peritoneovenous shunt malfunction. AB - On 12 patients with reaccumulation of ascitic fluid after peritoneovenous (LeVeen) shunt insertion, shuntograms were performed by direct percutaneous puncture of the venous limb of the shunt. Shunt function was evaluated by pressure determination and injection of sterile iodinated contrast material. The shuntogram correctly predicted the cause of shunt malfunction in ten of 12 patients. Two failures were attributable to central venous hypertension. The addition of pressure measurements has been shown to correlate with central venous pressure at the time of surgery and hopefully will eliminate the inability of the procedure to diagnose shunt malfunction secondary to venous hypertension. There have been no episodes of pulmonary embolization is a safe and effective method for assessing peritoneovenous shunt malfunction. The information gained from this procedure is valuable to the surgeon who plans an operation to correct shunt malfunction. PMID- 7213001 TI - Anal cloacogenic carcinoma: classification and clinical behavior. AB - A retrospective study of 35 patients with anal cloacogenic carcinomas showed that the histological characteristics of the tumors were correlated with their biological behavior. The basaloid squamous type of cloacogenic carcinoma was more common in women (3.6:1) and had a more favorable course in both men and women, with a mean survival of 5.0 years. Glandular variants of these tumors, with an adenocystic or mucoepidermoid pattern, occurred predominantly in men and had a more aggressive course, manifested by early metastases to inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and lung, with mean survival limited to 2.5 years. Nine of the 11 patients who survived longer than five years had the basaloid squamous histological pattern and were treated by abdominoperineal resection or pelvic exenteration; five of these patients also received postoperative therapy with radiation. The overall actual five-year survival for patients with anal cloacogenic carcinoma was 41% in this study. The histological pattern of anal cloacogenic carcinoma provides useful prognostic information to the clinician. PMID- 7213004 TI - Computerized arteriography of the cerebrovascular system: its use with intravenous administration of contrast material. AB - A unique method of computerized image enhancement makes it possible to visualize the arterial system by intravenous (IV) injection of small doses of standard contrast agent. This technique has been used to study the intracranial and extracranial circulation of more than 100 patients. Occlusion, stenosis, aneurysmal change, plaquing, and ulceration can be identified by computerized IV arteriography. Failures (less than 10%) results from inadequate venous access, extravasation of dye, or patient motion. This technique avoids the need for arteriography. The major risk of IV arteriography is contrast medium reaction. There is a close correlation between IV and standard arteriographic images. Intravenous arteriography does not require hospitalization, is suited for repetitive testing, and has promise as a method of diagnostic screening for stroke prevention. PMID- 7213003 TI - Systemic prophylactic antibiotics: need the 'cost' be so high? AB - To assess compliance with accepted principles, the use of prophylaxis with systemic antibiotics in selected specialty procedures was examined. The operations reviewed were aortofemoral bypass, pulmonary resections, open-hip procedures, and head-neck cancer procedures that involve the oropharyngeal cavity. Of all patients, 74% received antibiotics preoperatively and 79% received prophylaxis with antibiotics longer than 24 hours postoperatively. Evaluated against the criteria of preoperative initiation and limited postoperative administration (less than 24 hours) only 10% of the patients received appropriate prophylaxis. A 3% incidence of drug-associated complications was identified; each patient with complications had received antibiotics for a prolonged time postoperatively. Reduction in the length of postoperative prophylaxis with systemic antibiotics will reduce (1) the number of drug-associated complications, (2) selection pressures on the hospital microbial population, and (3) needless expense in hospitalized patients. PMID- 7213007 TI - Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery. AB - Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery has been treated surgically in two patients. Both patients were young men, otherwise healthy, in whom disabling calf claudication developed. Arteriography demonstrated a crescentic defect in one patient and near-total midpopliteal occlusion in the other. Resection and a bypass graft resulted in complete relief of symptoms. This disease should be considered when examining a young person with claudication. The differential diagnosis of claudication in a young adult is primarily between this entity and popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. PMID- 7213005 TI - Recurrence of neuroblastoma following prolonged remission. AB - A 6-year-old girl with unresectable and metastatic neuroblastoma had a complete remission with irradiation to the primary tumor and systemic administration of cyclophosphamide. The patient was disease-free for 16 years but had an explosive recurrence of tumor six weeks after a hysterectomy. Although no clear cause-and effect relationship exists between the surgery and the recurrence, this case illustrates that a recurrence is possible after a long disease-free interval. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in such patients should be undertaken with caution. PMID- 7213006 TI - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and polyposis coli: a novel co-mutation. AB - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and polyposis coli are inherited conditions not, to our knowledge, previously reported to coexist. The spontaneous appearance of both conditions in a 62-year-old woman may represent a novel mutation. The defective cell in both pseudoxanthoma and some of the extracolonic manifestations of Gardner's syndrome is the fibroblast; therefore, this case may represent a unique variation of Gardner's syndrome. PMID- 7213008 TI - Spontaneous resolution of popliteal artery thrombosis. AB - Spontaneous resolution of thrombosis of the systemic arteries is a rarely documented phenomenon. Two patients are described in whom thrombus within the popliteal artery was noted to lyse spontaneously. This resulted in a decrease in ischemic symptoms and was documented by angiography. The spontaneous improvement that occurs in some patients with atherosclerotic femoropopliteal disease may be due to this mechanism as well as to increased flow via collateral vessels. PMID- 7213009 TI - A simple technique for verification of the competence of gastrointestinal anastomoses with the circular stapling device. PMID- 7213010 TI - Phantom breast sensations. PMID- 7213011 TI - Method for reintroduction of Swan-Ganz catheter. PMID- 7213012 TI - Hemagglutination test for adenoviruses using mouse erythrocytes. AB - Mouse erythrocytes were used, instead of rat erythrocytes, for typing adenoviruses by hemagglutination. Mouse erythrocytes were agglutinated by the prototype strains for adenovirus types 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 but not by types 3 and 7. Clear hemagglutination was observed without heterotypic antiserum by the microplate technique. No significant difference was observed in the hemagglutination titer using two strains of mice. Adenoviruses were identified by the hemagglutination inhibition test, using mouse erythrocytes and prototype strains 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8. The use of mouse erythrocytes for typing adenoviruses is recommended. PMID- 7213013 TI - Oligonucleotide fingerprint analyses of influenza C virion RNA recovered from five different isolates. AB - Five different isolates of influenza C virus which were isolated over a period of 32 years and from four different continents were compared by RNA genome oligonucleotide fingerprinting analyses. The earliest isolate of influenza C virus was reported in 1949 by Taylor (19) and served as a reference strain for this study. The results obtained using this technique of comparing relatedness between viruses clearly showed that all strains are distinct. However, the similarities in the pattern of the oligonucleotide fingerprints are marked for the more recent virus isolates (1966-1979), whereas the reference strain C/Taylor shows more pronounced differences. The results are consistent with the high degree of serological crossreaction amongst influenza C viruses isolated over a long period of time, a property which sets this group of viruses apart from type A and B members of the orthomyxoviridae. PMID- 7213014 TI - Evidence for the presence of the minor capsid protein of Western equine encephalitis virus. AB - A minor capsid protein was found in Western equine encephalitis virus. The minor capsid protein appeared to be produced by proteolytic cleavage of part of the newly synthesized capsid protein in infected cells and to be incorporated into nucleocapsids. PMID- 7213015 TI - In vitro translation of cricket paralysis virus RNA. AB - Cricket paralysis virus RNA acted as a messenger in a translation system and directed incorporation of 35S-methionine into protein. Polyacrylamide gel analysis of the proteins demonstrated the presence of proteins of comparable molecular weight to the viral structural proteins and also potential high molecular weight precursors. PMID- 7213016 TI - Plaque assay of Heliothis zea baculovirus employing a mixed agarose overlay. AB - The nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Heliothis zea has been titrated in Heliothis zea cells by the plaque method, using 1 percent mixed agarose containing a mixture of Seakem and Ultra pure agarose. Visible plaques, formed 8 days postinfection, ranged in diameter from 0.5 to 2 mm. Dose-response experiments indicated that a single particle initiated the formation of a plaque. The titration of Heliothis zea baculovirus by the newly described plaque method provides an accurate technique for the determination of virus concentration. PMID- 7213017 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of basement membrane-like collagens from bovine thoracic aorta. AB - Collagen polymorphism was investigated in the bovine thoracic aortic media after extraction by a technique involving reduction of disulfide bonds followed by limited pepsin digestion. Type I, III, IV and V collagens were all fractionated from each other in the native state by differential salt precipitation both in acidic and neutral conditions. Type IV and V collagen were both found to be similar, if not identical, to the same collagens isolated from other tissues, the Type IV collagen fraction clearly containing two different alpha-sized components. The possible function of the different collagen types in aortic structure is briefly discussed. PMID- 7213018 TI - Combined drug therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Six familial hypercholesterolemic subjects were treated with a combination of cholestyramine (16 g/day) and nicotinic acid (3 g/day). This therapy consistently lowered plasma cholesterol and triglyceride by, on average, 41% and 37% respectively. Very low density and low density lipoprotein cholesterol fell, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol rose significantly. Plasma apolipoprotein levels were also affected by treatment. Apolipoprotein A-I rose 26% and apolipoprotein B fell 31%. In addition, there was a fourfold increase in plasma high density lipoprotein subfraction2 (HDL2), although HDL3 remained unaltered. These favorable changes in a number of atherosclerotic risk indices commend the use of this drug combination in the treatment of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7213019 TI - Effect of HDL on the interaction of hyperlipemic LDL with monkey smooth muscle cells. AB - The stimulation of the esterification of cholesterol and the subsequent enrichment of cholesterol esters in arterial smooth muscle cells produced by low density lipoproteins (LDL) from hyperlipemic monkeys was altered by the presence of high density lipoproteins (HDL) isolated from normolipemic monkeys. Increasing concentrations of HDL decreased the rate of cellular cholesterol esterification and cholesterol ester accumulation. This was accompanied by a reduction in the cellular uptake of radioiodinated LDL. At physiological levels of lipoproteins, HDL interfered with the interaction of smooth muscle cells and LDL from hyperlipemic serum. PMID- 7213020 TI - Endothelial proliferation and atherogenesis in rabbits with moderate hypercholesterolemia. AB - The formation and growth of atherosclerotic lesions in experimental hypercholesterolemia has been attributed to endothelial injury. Many injured endothelial cells have been observed in the periphery of the lesions, but few in the central parts. In the present study, we have investigated the distribution of endothelial cells, leucocytes, and smooth muscle cells on the surface of the lesions, as well as the regeneration of the surface cell layer, on dietary induced experimental atherosclerotic lesions. In central areas of the lesions, flat cells with Weibel-Palade bodies and intercellular junctions characteristic of endothelium, were observed on the surface. In peripheral areas of the lesions, surface cells were more bulging and contained many free ribosomes and short cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting that these cells were more primitive. Weibel-Palade bodies and typical intercellular junctions suggested that many of the cells should be regarded as endothelial cells. ANAE- positive monocytes were also frequent in these areas. The incorporation of 3H-thymidine was considerably larger over the lesions than in the surrounding normal tissue, suggesting a regeneration of the endothelial cell layer from cells on the lesions. Still regression does not occur after re-endothelialization in dietary induced atherosclerosis. This contrasts with the development of lesions induced by mechanical injury, and may be of importance for understanding the role of hypercholesterolemia in atherogenesis. PMID- 7213021 TI - Non-specific esterase activity during regression of swine aortic atherosclerosis. AB - Non-specific esterase (NSE) activity has been studied by light and electron microscopic enzyme histochemistry in lesion and non-lesion areas of swine abdominal aortas in a sequential study of the regression of atherosclerosis. On the light microscope level, no activity was demonstrable in normal artery but in atherosclerotic lesions it was seen in round cells, elongate cells and foamy cells. Ultrahistochemistry identified these reactive cells as macrophages, smooth muscle cells and foam cells of undetermined origin. Since NSE has been shown to hydrolyze cholesteryl oleate, it is possible that histochemical demonstration of NSE activity may be, in part, localization of cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity. PMID- 7213022 TI - Plasma lipid concentration and liver output of lipoproteins in rats fed coconut fat or sunflower oil. PMID- 7213023 TI - Lipoprotein uptake in perfused arteries: inhibition by 7-ketocholesterol. AB - The effect of 7-Ketocholesterol (7-KC), an oxygenated sterol (OS) on the uptake of low density lipoproteins (LDL) by artificially perfused porcine carotid arteries was studied. The perfusate consisted of Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium, supplemented with albumin and pure 125I-LDL. Prior exposure to 7-KC significantly inhibited LDL uptake (from 2.47 to 1.92 micrograms LDL p/gr artery). The degree of inhibition of LDL uptake was less than that previously observed for arterial influx of cholesterol. PMID- 7213024 TI - In vivo exchange of cholesteryl esters from low density lipoproteins to high density lipoproteins. AB - Labelled cholesteryl esters were injected within low density lipoproteins (LDL) in four subjects. In all experiments, cholesteryl esters transferred to HDL initially, at the rate of about 3% per hour. Very low density lipoprotein cholesteryl esters became labelled later, possibly by transfer from HDL. The simultaneous labelling of HDL free cholesterol by a second isotope (injected within mevalonic acid) showed that the rapid labelling of HDL cholesteryl esters from LDL was substantially faster than that from the esterification of HDL free cholesterol. While this process does not show net transfer of cholesteryl esters from LDL to HDL it indicates a pathway for equilibration of cholesteryl esters among plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 7213025 TI - Cholesterol esterification of mechanically-induced aortic lesions in normolipemic pigs. AB - Intimal thickenings were produced in the abdominal aortae of normolipemic pigs by longitudinal mechanical injury. In two-week lesions there was increased I-14C oleic acid incorporation into esterified cholesterol (CE), accompanied by lipid droplet formation. In twelve-week lesions, lipid droplets had largely disappeared, and the incorporation of 1-14C-oleic acid into CE was similar to that of normal aorta. Increased esterification of cholesterol with oleic acid may be a protective mechanism during the early phases of the arterial repair reaction. Regression of the lesions may be associated with the return of cholesterol esterification activity to normal. PMID- 7213026 TI - Breed differences in nutritionally induced hyperlipoproteinemia in the rabbit. AB - The influence of a high-fat, cholesterol-free diet on the lipoprotein pattern is compared in New Zealand hyperresponder and Fauve de Bourgogne hyporesponder rabbits. Quantitative as well as qualitative differences were observed. The high fat diet induces an increase in both LDL and HDL in the Fauve de Bourgogne, the ratio VLDL + LDL/HDL cholesterol being unchanged. By contrast, New Zealand rabbits present a greater increase in plasma cholesterol which is mainly transported by the VLDL and the LDL. Consequently the proportion of HDL cholesterol is markedly decreased. The breed difference in response to the diet is also noted in lipoproteins composition since only New Zealand rabbits show abnormal VLDL. These results are discussed in terms of differences in susceptibility to experimental atherosclerosis reported between the two strains. PMID- 7213027 TI - Effect of garlic feeding on regression of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. AB - Thirty six rabbits were fed a cholesterol-containing diet for 3 months to produce atherosclerosis. Twelve rabbits were killed at the end of this period for baseline observations (Group I). The remaining animals were divided into two groups; Group II was fed stock diet and Group II was fed essential oil of garlic added to the stock diet. All the animals were killed at the end of 12 months. Blood lipids and fibrinolysis were monitored during the progression and regression phases. After cholesterol feeding was discontinued, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration decreased gradually in both the groups. However, there was an increase in HDL levels in the garlic fed groups. Cholesterol feeding resulted in 80.9% atheromatous involvement of aortic surface in Group I. This remained almost the same (71.1%) after 9 months of stock feeding (Group II) while in the garlic fed group only 30.4% of the aortic surface had lesions. Correspondingly, the aortic lipid content of garlic fed animals was reduced by 72%, while in the control group there was no significant reduction. The data suggests that cholesterol is depleted from experimentally induces atherosclerosis by garlic administration. PMID- 7213028 TI - Endothelial sequestration of heparin administered by the intrapulmonary route. PMID- 7213029 TI - The intimal macrophage in atherosclerosis. PMID- 7213030 TI - Ultrastructural identification of monocyte-derived foam cells in fatty streak lesions. AB - In a previous publication (1) we demonstrated that atherosclerotic lesion development in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic pigs was preceded by intimal penetration by blood-borne mononuclear cells, and that medial smooth muscle cells were not involved in the development of fatty streak lesions in this model. The current study shows that lesions in the aortic arch do not progress beyond the fatty streak stage up to 30 wk on a hypercholesterolemic diet, and that mononuclear cell involvement continues during this period. Mononuclear cells adherent to the endothelium, or in the intima of lesion areas were identified as monocytes by the presence of peroxidase-positive granules (peroxisomes) in their cytoplasm. As well, "modified" intimal monocytes which contained a few lipid droplets and which were phagocytic, also sometimes contained peroxisomes. The results suggest that monocytes which invade the intima before or during lesion development undergo transformation into macrophage foam cells in fatty streak lesions. The absence of medial cell involvement indicates that monocytes are the major foam cell precursor in these lesions. PMID- 7213031 TI - Lipid clearance from fatty streak lesions by foam cell migration. AB - Dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia in swine produces fatty streak lesions in the aortic arch within 15 wks. These lesions, though becoming more extensive in area, do not progress beyond the fatty streak stage up to 30 wks on the diet. The stabilization of these lesions may be attributed, in part, to the extensive migration of foam cells from the lesion into the aortic lumen. Morphological evidence indicates a lumenal movement of these cells. Previous studies (1) indicate that foam cells in these lesions are monocyte-derived. The combined evidence suggests the existence of a monocyte lipid clearance mechanism which may represent an initial response of the blood-vascular system to atherogenesis. PMID- 7213032 TI - Study of esterase-positive cells in swine atherosclerosis. AB - Non-specific esterase activity was studied by light and electron microscopic histochemistry after 6 mos of progression of injury and diet-induced atherosclerotic lesions in the swine aorta, and after 6 wks, 5 mos and 14 mos on regression regimen. At each time period three cellular patterns of reaction product (RP) were seen, round cells with dense RP, elongate cells with dense "granules" of RP, and large "foamy" cells with very faint RP. Ultrastructurally, RP was found in macrophages, smooth muscle cells and foam cells. The number of esterase-positive cells decreased with time and the disappearance of necrosis. PMID- 7213033 TI - Developments in the study of endothelial cells by scanning electron microscopy. AB - This paper presents different approaches for studying arterial endothelial cells by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These include post-fixation silver staining, Ligand-mediated osmium binding, vascular casting, autoradiography and Triton digestion. Post-fixation staining of cells with silver nitrate leads to more specific silver deposits at cell junctions and improved tissue preservation. Endothelium impregnated with osmium bound to ligand (OTO) showed enhanced membrane detail and rendered the tissue conductive. Resin casts of the microvasculature viewed by SEM showed that the endothelial surface of small vessels can now easily be viewed en face. 3H-Thymidine-labeled endothelial cells were recognized using SEM and details of the endothelial cell cytoskeleton were visualized by SEM after Triton digestion. These results demonstrate the versatility of SEM and suggest ways in which the scanning electron microscope can help to better study arterial endothelial cells. PMID- 7213034 TI - A SEM investigation of the trauma to prostheses and arteries during vascular reconstruction procedures. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to diagnose incidents of trauma and the pattern of healing following surgical implantation of microporous blood vessel substitutes. Vascular reconstruction procedures using autogenous or synthetic prosthetic materials inflict damage to the adjacent tissues as well as the prosthesis. This effects the thrombotic behavior and healing pattern of the area. The prognoses for long term success are, as a consequence, directly influenced. Various vessel occluding devices were evaluated on canine models with respect to their ability to damage blood vessels at the clamped site. The impact of suture needles on tissues and prosthetic materials was also considered. Of the various vessel clamping devices which are commercially available, those which have elastomeric shields on the clamping components were found to be the most satisfactory. The development of less traumatic surgical devices and possible modifications in the surgical protocols are discussed with the aim of further reducing surgical trauma. PMID- 7213035 TI - Morphological examination of aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells grown in vitro on collagen membranes. AB - Collagen membranes were prepared from acid soluble collagen gels reconstituted by ammonia vapour. The membranes were seeded with pig aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells. After few days confluent monolayers were obtained. By subsequent seeding it was possible to produce gel-sheets covered on one side by endothelium and on the other by smooth muscle cells. The transmission electron-microscopic picture of the cells grown on collagen membranes were not very different from those growing on glass. By scanning electron-microscopy however considerable difference was found between the morphology of cells growing on collagen or on glass. PMID- 7213036 TI - Alteration of endothelial cell surface morphology after experimental aortic coarctation. AB - The aortic arch of normal swine shows areas of enhanced permeability to proteins which take up intravenously-injected Evans blue (Old blue areas) and adjacent areas of lesser permeability which do not take up dye (white areas). Following 4 wk of coarctation at the ductus scar level (60% occlusion), former white areas demonstrate Evans blue uptake (New blue areas). Microscopic quantitation showed that endothelial cells in new blue areas had a significantly (p less than .001) altered axial ratio (cell length to width) of 1.41 +/- .04 and mean surface area of 704 +/- 35 mu2 compared to the same area in controls (axial ratio 3.30 +/- .09, mean area 545 +/- 38), but were not significantly different from old blue areas (axial ratio 1.39 +/- .03, area 741 +/- 40). Both new and old blue areas contained three times as many dead or injured cells as white areas in controls. Electron microscopy revealed that New blue area endothelium was similar to that of old blue areas, and that focal denudation and platelet adherence was sometimes present in both areas. The results support the belief that the altered characteristics of spontaneous blue areas are due to hemodynamics effects, and demonstrate that arterial occlusion increases endothelial cell surface area and alters cell orientation relative to blood flow, as well as enhancing injury. Such endothelial alterations could potentiate the disease process in partially occluded arteries. PMID- 7213037 TI - Degradation of collagen fibers by intimal smooth muscle cells in remodelling atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits. AB - In electromicroscopic studies of remodelling atherosclerosis in rabbits collagen fibers within smooth muscle cells of atherosclerotic lesions were observed. Their most common appearance was in form of elongated membrane-bound profiles enclosing single banded collagen fibers with a diameter corresponding to that of extracellular collagen. The unit membranes were in apposition to the fibers, that were generally linear or slightly curved. In other instances small groups of collagen fibers lay packed together within larger compartments; still other cytoplasmic vacuoles contained structures hardly recognizable as collagen fibers. In all the cases membranes bordering collagen fibers were free of ribosomes, smooth surfaced. The presence of collagen fibers within smooth muscle cells is regarded as morphological expression of phagocytosis and decomposition of extracellular collagen in remodelling atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 7213038 TI - Alteration of chromatin in early experimental arteriosclerosis. AB - Our approach serves several purposes: To demonstrate the response of aortic cell nuclei to a changing environment (e.g. hypercholesterolemia, experimental diabetes, drug treatment), to apply the acridine orange (AO) ultracytochemical method, and to determine the euchromatin/heterochromatin (EU/HET) ratio by morphometric procedures as suitable criteria, and to emphasize the differential nuclear activity of adventitial cells. Hypercholesterolemia in rabbits results in an increase of AO positive nuclei in the adventitia. Additional treatment with tinofedrine, a new cerebral vasodilator drug, reveals an even higher number of AO positive nuclei in adventitial and also in endothelial and plaque cells. In streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats the increased number of AO positive cells coincides with an elevated EU/HET ratio. PMID- 7213039 TI - Ultrastructural and morphometric investigations into the arterial wall of the genetically hypertensive rat. AB - A number of injurious agents, including "load-failure" of hemodynamic or metabolic origin, constitute "risk factors"for the wall of a blood vessel. We are here concerned with arterial hypertension, which is a primary risk factor for the production of atherosclerotic change. The SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat) has been included among the more extensive series of experiments conducted by our research team (STAUBESAND et al.) as a particular model for the investigation of metabolic and hemodynamic "load-failure". The aims of the present contribution are to describe the morphological changes in the diseased vessel wall and to support these findings morphometrically. PMID- 7213040 TI - The growth of human atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic aortic intima and media in vitro. AB - The capacity for and the pattern of growth in vitro of human aortic smooth muscle from normal intima and media and from plaque intima was studied. For media tissue outgrowth occurred but decreased with age and was virtually absent for media from patients more than 60 years of age. Intima did not show a similar age-related decrease which indicates a role of the intimal smooth muscle as a tissue reserve independent of age. Some of the intima outgrowths reverted spontaneously after 8 9 weeks suggesting a state of tissue senescence. The growth patterns of non atherosclerotic tissue and atherosclerotic were grossly similar; the outgrowth from lipidrich atherosclerotic tissue contained, in addition, one large and one very small variety of "foam" cell. PMID- 7213041 TI - Growth rate differences between arterial smooth muscle cells cultivated from rat impaired by short--or long--term hypertension respectively. AB - In former studies short-term renal hypertension (2 weeks) in rats led to a remarkable increase of arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMC) proliferation in cultures and subcultures, examined by cell counting and 3H-thymidine indices /flasks in cultures or subcultures of hypertensive rats. The activated cell growth was observed up to the 6th subcultures. The proliferation of ASMC cultivated from short-term hypertensive rats is suppressed or eliminated respectively by antirheumatic drugs up to the 6th subcultures. Long-term renal hypertension (4-6 weeks) in rats showed the same increase in ASMC proliferation rate up to the 2nd subcultures but in the higher passages e.g. in the 6th subcultures the ASMC growth increase was not existing anymore. The limited reduplication capacity of postmitotic cells, we assume, is the cause of this difference. PMID- 7213042 TI - Topochemical variation of LDH and CK isoenzyme patterns in aorta. AB - LDH and CK isoenzyme patterns are determined electrophoretically (Beckman) from various aortic regions and layers and in atherosclerotic plaques as compared to control areas. Throughout consecutive layers of human aorta LDH isoenzymes show a continuous cathodic shift from both surfaces towards the center with a maximum between the inner and middle third. CK shows a heterogenous pattern with maxima at CK MM and CK BB and less CK MB. Most of the CK MM is located in the intima, the media contains more of CK BB. Regional analysis shows an anodic shift of CK from proximal to distal thoracic aorta. In experimental short term hypertension a definite anodic CK isoenzyme shift is observed with increased relative CK BB activity. PMID- 7213043 TI - Enzyme systems of the arterial wall: relationship between enzyme activities and lipid composition. AB - The relationship between enzyme activities and lipid composition of the arterial wall depending on enzyme-substrate-product interactions has been demonstrated and discussed in connection with the acyl-enzyme mechanism of both decomposition and synthesis of ester bonds. PMID- 7213044 TI - Atherosclerosis and mortality statistics. AB - WHO mortality statistics are subject to severe criticism all over the world due to the ICD code, the monocausal evaluation and th inhomogenity of data which are only partially verified by post mortem findings. Despite this fact WHO statistics are the only possibility to compare morality in different areas. In order to prove their reliability we have collected data of patients who have died in 9 Vienna hospitals. Our material consists of more than 15000 out of 25000 death cases in the year 1976. The autopsy rate was about 70%. To handle this amount of datas a computer system was used. In comparison with the official Austrian statistics our total atherosclerosis rate was higher due to the multicausal evaluation and the much higher percentage of CHD. Atherosclerosis of the brain was found in a lower percentage than officially mentioned when autopsy was performed. An example for single case studies is the myocardial infarction in a defined age group to support the importance of statistics based on a high rate of autopsies and the use of electronic data processing. PMID- 7213047 TI - Glomerular alterations and proteinuria in the "two-kidney" Goldblatt hypertensive rats. AB - Quantitative and qualitative analyses of urinary proteins were carried out in order to follow permeability changes of the glomeruli during the course of hypertension. Benign and malignant hypertensive cases were separated by the presence of "salt-loosing-syndrome" in the latters. Six hours urinary protein excretion increased significantly from the 2nd postoperative week only in the malignant hypertensive group. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis glomerular proteinuria of selective type was commonly found in the benign, moderately unselective type in the malignant hypertensive group respectively. The findings are in accordance with the "double filter" theory of glomerular barrier. PMID- 7213045 TI - Alphalipoprotein cholesterol and arterial cholesterol in human uterine arteries. AB - It has been suggested that HDL may protect against clinical complications to atherosclerosis by stimulating cholesterol elimination from arterial tissue. To test this hypothesis alphalipoprotein cholesterol was related to arterial cholesterol in a group of women undergoing hysterectomy due to uterus myoma. A significant, inverse correlation between alphalipoprotein cholesterol and the cholesterol: DNA ratio in arterial tissue with intact endothelium was observed. This supports the hypothesis that HDL may participate in cholesterol removal from arterial tissue. Available data seem to favour the possibility that cholesterol is primarily effective in the elimination of cholesterol from the extracellular compartment. PMID- 7213046 TI - Biochemical variations in electrically induced intimal smooth muscle cell proliferates of the rabbit carotid artery. AB - Common carotid arteries of rabbits were locally stimulated every day by chronically repeated electrical impulses for periods up to 4 weeks. Morphological observations revealed that, primarily at the anodal site of the stimulated segment, smooth muscle cells penetrated from the media through the internal elastic membrane and proliferated in the subendothelial space below a morphologically unchanged endothelium. When the plasma cholesterol was raised by cholesterol feeding, typical atheromatous plaques were formed. Biochemical studies showed an increased metabolic activity of the proliferating cells; in comparison with normal intima-media, the tissue content of DNA, protein, and lactate was increased, whereas that of glucose and glycogen was decreased in the proliferates. Furthermore, during in vitro incubation, the uptake of oxygen and glucose and the production of lactate was enhanced. The increased energy consumption of the proliferates indicates a modified metabolic function of these cells. PMID- 7213048 TI - Paradoxical effect of high and low dose aspirin in experimental arterial thrombosis. AB - The effect of different dosage regimens of aspirin was investigated in an experimental model of arterial thrombosis. A paradoxical effect with an increase of the arterial thrombus growth could be seen after a first single dose of 100 mg aspirin/kg body weight. When the high dose of aspirin was given repeatedly, a thrombus size minor than under low dose aspirin therapy with 10 mg/kg body weight has been observed. Our experimental thrombosis experiments do not provide sufficient evidence to support antithrombotic therapy with low doses of aspirin. PMID- 7213049 TI - Sulphinpyrazone inhibits development of atherosclerosis in rabbits. AB - The influence of sulphinpyrazone (SP) on the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits was examined. SP administered orally at a dose of 100 mg daily inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in arteries. At the same time SP suppressed platelet aggregability to collagen. PMID- 7213050 TI - Effect of decreased GSH level on human platelet functions. PMID- 7213051 TI - A new microsurgical method for the induction of arterial thrombosis in rats. AB - A new microsurgical procedure for the induction of thrombosis in rat aorta is described. The method is based on the introduction into the vascular lumen of a small piece of the aortic wall, the so called "aortic flap". A long-lived, platelet-rich arterial thrombus invariably forms on the inserted aortic flap. These thrombi closely resemble human arterial thrombi in structure and subsequent development. PMID- 7213052 TI - Interaction of fibrinogen/fibrin and fibronectin with collagen. AB - Interaction of fibrinogen, soluble fibrin and fibronection with native collagen, type I and III, was investigated by means of affinity chromatography and radio binding assay. Among collagens type III was most active. It associated stronger with fibronectin than with fibrinogen and fibrin suggesting that fibronectin might form the nuclei for deposition of plasma proteins on exposed collagen structures. PMID- 7213053 TI - Biphasic initial phase of platelet aggregation inhibition after oral aspirin. AB - For one hour after the ingestion of 1 g aspirin the pharmacodynamics of acetylsalicylic acid with regard to the inhibition of platelet aggregation were studied in nine healthy male volunteers. Plasma salicylic acid (SA) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) levels were measured, and platelet aggregation was controlled by the collagen-induced aggregation. It took 12 - 24 minutes till the maximum of platelet aggregation inhibition was reached; maximal inhibition was only observed with ASA levels above 4.5 /microgram/ml and total ASA levels above 10 /microgram/ml. At that time already more than 50% of the total ASA were hydrolysed to minimally active SA. In spite of further increasing ASA levels inhibition of platelet aggregation decreased again. The different sensitivity of platelet- and vessel wall cyclooxygenase to aspirin does not explain our findings. PMID- 7213056 TI - [On the occasion of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]. PMID- 7213054 TI - [Afferent and efferent innervation of the human fascia lata femoris during prenatal ontogeny]. AB - The broad fascia have been studied in 256 extremities of human embryos and fetuses treated by methods of impregnation after Bielschowsky - Gros and Rasskazova, histologically after Falck - Hillarp - Govyrin, Karnovsky - Roots and by incubation of slices in 2% glyoxylic acid. The first neural elements as fasciculi of neural fibres are discovered in 8-9 week-old embryos. Cholinesterase and catecholamines are detected in nerves of the vegetative neural system on the 11-12th week of the intrauterine life, thus demonstrating the appearance of the mediator stage in functioning the autonomic nervous system. Receptor structures having the appearance of simple branching bushes are revealed in the broad fascia in 3-3.5-month-old fetuses. During prenatal ontogenesis the neural apparatus of the broad fascia is becoming more complex, the number of types and total amount of free and incapsulated receptors are increasing, the latter being revealed in 5 month-old fetuses. At the stage of development free neural terminals predominate, and by the time of birth, the number of incapsulated receptors is increasing. The greatest number of the neural terminals are situated in the anterior and external parts of the broad fascia. Cholinergic and adrenergic neural fibers from plexus in the broad fascia, situating mainly near blood vessels. PMID- 7213057 TI - [Formation of the ductal and vascular components of the rabbit kidney countercurrent system]. AB - Series of graphic and plastic reconstructed models, injections of vessels with successive clearing, injections with successive reconstruction and other methods have been performed and applied to study certain peculiarities of anlage and formation, as well as topographic-anatomical interconnections in the canalicular and vascular components in the rabbit counterflow system during prenatal ontogenesis. It has been stated that the conoid fasciculus of the tubular formations (collecting tube, descending and ascending parts of the nephron loop, vessels) is the structural unit in the osmoregulating nephric apparatus; the collecting tube occupies the central position, and loops of three nephrons belonging to the same generations and having connections with the tube are situated, in a definite order, around it. PMID- 7213055 TI - [Age-specific features of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed of the conjunctiva]. AB - The microcirculatory bed of various parts of the human bulbar conjunctiva in ontogenesis has been studied in 63 preparations of the eyeball by means of complex morphological methods. Structural peculiarities and functions of all parts of the micro-vessels have been revealed in fetuses, their conjunctiva being not yet subjected to any environmental effect, and in successive age groups of the postnatal development. The period of stabilization and differentiation for all parts of the microcirculatory bed in the eyeball conjunctiva has been stated. Certain age changes of the microcirculatory bed have been revealed in all sectors and in various parts within the sectors; these changes should be taken into account at biomicroscopy and when analysing the data obtained. PMID- 7213060 TI - [Projection of the sigmoid sinus onto the lateral surface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone in young children]. AB - In newborns and in children up to 3 years of age died of various causes (excluding otogenic diseases) 130 roentgenograms of the temporal bones were studied with a preliminary contrasting of the sigmoid sinus. A definite dependence in the position of the sigmoid sinus was noted: from the birth up to 3 years of age, from the posterior mastoid parts of the temporal bones the sigmoid sinus approaches its anterior parts. At an expanded form of pneumatization of the mastoid process in children (1-3 years of age) the sigmoid sinus in 82% of cases is projected in posterior parts of Chipaux's triangle, and at an organic form of pneumatization in 35% of cases it is outside Chipaux's triangle. PMID- 7213059 TI - [Morphofunctional features of 10-12-day-old rabbit lymphoid tissue]. AB - Histological, cytological, enzymatic (acid and alkaline phosphatase, SDG and alpha-GPhDG), immunomorphological (RNA, DNA, amount of T- and B-lymphocytes) peculiarities in structure of the lymphatic system organs have been studied in 10 12-day-old rabbits. It has been stated that T-lymphocytes predominant (in total amount) among the lymphoid cells in the organs; there is an essential amount of inactive cells. Besides, the activity of the hydrolytic enzymes is greater than that of the mitochondrial ones. Lymphatic follicles and T-zones in the organs are poorly developed, light centers, as a rule, are not formed, diffuse lymphoid tissue predominates. PMID- 7213058 TI - [Differentiation of components of the filtration barrier of the human kidney during the prenatal period of development]. AB - Peculiarities in formation of the nephric filtrative barrier have been studied in 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, 15-16, 17-18, 20-24, 28-36-week-old human embryos. As the data of the light optic and electron microscopic analysis have demonstrated, on th 6th-7th weeks of the embryonic development the capsule of the nephric body is represented as a well developed parietal folium, consisting of one layer of flattened cells, and nondifferentiated epithelial cells of the visceral folium. The latter have giant nuclei and a narrow cytoplasmic rim. Among them, islets of immature endothelial cells with electron transparent cytoplasm and large nuclei occur. The thickness of the peripheral part of cytoplasm in endotheliocytes is nearly the same as that of pericaryon; fenestrae and pores are absent. The basal membrane is twisted, and in some places is interrupted. On the 20th-32nd weeks the components of the nephric filtrative barrier are differentiated. Formation of cytotrabeculae and cytopodia is intensified. In the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries the pericaryon is distinctly separated from the flattened cytoplasmic part, in which fenestrae and pores begin to appear. PMID- 7213063 TI - [Principles for classifying epithelia]. PMID- 7213062 TI - [Device for washing and filling cavities with an injection mass and preparing inflation preparations]. PMID- 7213061 TI - [Development of microphthalmos in Mi wh/mi fi/fi and Mi wh/mi or/or mice]. AB - Eye development has been studied in 10-16-day-old embryos and newborn mice, genotypes Miwh/mi fi/fi, Miwh/mi or/or, Miwh/mi, or/or, fi/fi and wild-type (+/+) (normal mice from the inbred strain C57Bl/Mib). It has been demonstrated that the mitotic index of the primordial retina of embryos Miwh/mi fi/fi and Miwh/mi or/or does not differ from that of fi/fi and or/or embryos. Genes fi and or manifest their effects in Miwh/mi fi/fi and Miwh/mi or/or embryos, decreasing the mitotic index of the primordial retina. Owing the effects manifested by the genes fi and or in Miwh/mi fi/fi and Miwh/mi or/or embryos it is possible to assume that the nearer the activity of ectomesenchyme approaches the normal, the greater the effects of the genes controlling the development of the eye vesicle and the retina anlage. PMID- 7213064 TI - [Methodologic problems in morphology]. PMID- 7213065 TI - Nutrition and the elderly patient. PMID- 7213066 TI - Sinusoidal patterns. PMID- 7213068 TI - Psychiatric disorders. Understanding. PMID- 7213067 TI - Carcinomatous meningitis. A review. PMID- 7213071 TI - The dilemma of atypical abdominal pain: a case of celiac artery stenosis. PMID- 7213069 TI - Case of the month No. 50. Double channel pylorus. PMID- 7213070 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7213072 TI - Esophageal scleroderma. PMID- 7213073 TI - [Pathological anatomy of the postinfarct defect of the interventricular septum]. AB - Morphological examinations of 21 hearts of patients with myocardial infarction complicated by defects of interventricular septum were performed. The study revealed that the formation of the postinfarction defect of the interventricular septum is due to a number of factors acting simultaneously: (a) a vast zone of transmural myocardial infarction, (b) changes of the hemodynamic conditions, i. e. local increase of intraventricular pressure on the focus of necrosis, (c) mechanical factor (increased arterial pressure, physical strain, increasing cardiac insufficiency). Localization of the myocardial infarction, aneurysm, and postinfarctional defect of interventricular septum depend on the extent and level of affection of the right and left coronary arteries. The size of myocardial infarction and aneurysm is larger in the occlusion of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery and comprises 10-30% of the total area of the left ventricle than in the occlusion of the right coronary artery (8-20%). Posterior defects maybe very high complicating considerably the surgical correction of the defect. In the edges of the rhexis of 2-week duration marked processes of organization were detected, therefore operative intervention is more advantageous beginning from this period than earlier. PMID- 7213075 TI - [Morphological characteristics of nodular goiters in Latvia]. AB - Examinations of nodular forms of euthyroid and thyrotoxic strumas established direct relationshps between the level of hydrolytic and oxidative-reductive enzymes under study and the ultrastructural organization of the tissue. A marked decrease of the functional activity in nodes of euthyroid goiter was found whereas high functional activity was observed in nodes of thyrotoxic strumas. PMID- 7213074 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the blood in suppurative wounds complicated by sepsis and bacterial shock]. AB - Electron microscopic examinations of the white blood in 7 patients with purulent wounds and clinical manifestations of sepsis and in 1 patient with purulent wounds complicated by the development of bacterial shock as well as of the ultrastructure of bacteria isolated from the wound content of the patients were carried out. The controls consisted of electron microscopic examinations of the blood from two donors. The blood of patients with sepsis was found to contain free microbial cells and those phagocytized by neutrophilic leukocytes. Free bacteria formed large colonies enveloped in a strong membrane in the blood. Some leukocyte-phagocytized microbes underwent lysis, the others, surrounded by an envelope were located in large vacuoles in the blood cell cytoplasm (incomplete phagocytosis). Numerous microbial cells both free and phagocytized were particularly frequently found in bacterial shock accompanied by the clinical picture of most acute septicemia. PMID- 7213076 TI - [Morphology of yersiniasis due to Yersinia enterocolitica]. AB - A septic form of yersiniasis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in a 3 1/2 year old boy with congenital renal pathology, Fanconi's nephronophthisis, is described. The morphological features of the observation included fibrinoid necroses of the blood vessels of internal organs of the type of periarteritis nodosa. PMID- 7213078 TI - [Morphology of the capillaries and muscle fibers in endarteritis obliterans]. AB - The ultrastructure of blood capillaries and muscle fibers was examined in the I, II, III, and IV stages of obliterating endarteritis (OE) of the lower extremities. A number of morphological parameters were analysed quantitatively. The pathogenetic importance of changes in the fine structure of capillaries and muscle fibers for each stage of the disease was demonstrated. Each stage of OE is characterized by definite morphological features of the structure of blood capillaries and muscle fibers which permit to use these data clinically for biopsy diagnosis of different OE stages. PMID- 7213077 TI - [Electron microscopic diagnosis of oncocytoma and renal cell carcinoma]. AB - Electron microscopic examination of two tumors of the kidneys with similar histological structure (large eosinophilic cells with granular cytoplasm) showed that such tumors may be of different histogenesis (cytogenesis), their morphological picture in the light microscope being similar. PMID- 7213079 TI - [Size of myocardial sarcomeres and their potential use in the histological diagnosis of acute myocardial infarct]. AB - Measurements of sarcomeres in papillary muscles of the right and left ventricles of the heart revealed the lack or an insignificant per cent of relaxed sarcomeres in patients dying with some diseases including ischemic heart disease without acute myocardial infarction and in those dying with acute myocardial infarction outside the zone of ischemic damage. Relaxation of sarcomeres in large groups of muscle fibers detectable even without measurements allows the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction at a very early stage. Conditions of fixation may affect the size of sarcomeres. This should be kept in mind in analysing their sizes. PMID- 7213080 TI - [Giant aneurysms of the cerebral vessels]. AB - The structure of 20 giant aneurysms (GA) of cerebral arteries was studied. The main characteristics of GA structure are presented, the microscopic picture of GA wall is described in detail, the morphological data determining pseudotumour symptoms in this disease are given. Complications of surgical treatment are analysed separately. The GA group is stated to be of various origin and to include both atherosclerotic and congenital aneurysms. The described morphological features of GA may be important for treatment by modern methods (intravascular interventions, stereotactic punctures). PMID- 7213081 TI - [Esophagitis in alcoholics]. AB - Morphological examinations of esophaguses of 65 subjects who had suffered from alcoholism revealed a high rate of inflammatory lesions in the esophagus and epithelial leukoplakias and dysplasias developing against this background. It is suggested that the regular use of alcohol may be classified among the factors predisposing to the development of esophageal precancer and cancer. PMID- 7213082 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the intestinal insufficiency syndrome]. AB - Phase morphofunctional alterations determining the stages of development of the intestinal deficiency syndrome were detected in a composite investigation of the motor, evacuatory, secretory, digestive and absorbing functions of the small intestine in experimental animals in the immediate period after operations on the gastrointestinal tract organs and elimination of acute mechanical ileus, as well as morphological (histological and electron microscopic) examinations of small intestine mucous membrane biopsies taken at various stages of the disease. PMID- 7213083 TI - [Clinical importance of the electron microscopic study of muscle biopsies in myasthenia during prednisolone therapy]. AB - An observation of a patient with malignant generalised myasthenia treated for 5 years with surgical methods (thymectomy, glomectomy) as well as with ACTH, immunosuppressors and prednisolone is described. Before prednisolone therapy and 2 years after it muscle biopsies were taken to control the effectiveness of the therapy given. Electron microscopic examination of the second biopsy revealed predominance of muscle regeneration processes over atrophy and destruction in the absence of clinical signs of recovery. PMID- 7213084 TI - [Morphology and histogenesis of soft tissue chordoid sarcoma]. AB - The data of examinations of 6 chordoid-sarcomas of soft tissues which, owing to myxomatosis of the interstitial substance and vesicle-like cells containing glycogen, are similar in structure with skeletal chordoma are presented. It is emphasized that choroidsarcoma, unlike chordoma, has the ultrastructural features of cartilage differentiation: collagenization of the matrix, similarity of some tumour cells to chondrocytes. These data suggest that chordoid-sarcoma is histogenetically associated with rudiments of mesenchyma responsible for cartilage formation. PMID- 7213085 TI - [Perinatal mortality and diabetes mellitus]. AB - A comparative study of the pattern of perinatal mortality from diabetes mellitus and in the control group with due account of structural changes in placentas of women suffering from diabetes mellitus was performed. The results allowed one to evaluate the influence of the "risk factors" of maternal diabetes and complications of pregnancy on the rate of perinatal mortality and to show the main causes leading to stillbirths and neonatal deaths with diabetes embryo- and fetopathies. PMID- 7213087 TI - [Method of postmortem determination of heart chamber volume]. AB - A new method for postmortem determination of volumes of heart chambers has been developed which reflects their vital volume most accurately. Volumetric values of heart chambers have been calculated by comparison of mathematically calculated vital volumes with postmortem ones. PMID- 7213086 TI - [Fibromuscular dysplasia of the aorta]. AB - A rare observation of fibromuscular dysplasia of the aorta in a man of 19 is presented. Stenosis of the abdominal aorta due to fibromuscular dysplasia caused hypertension of the coarctation genesis. The medial form of dysplasia (medical fibroplasia) according to Harrison and McCormach's classification was found. PMID- 7213088 TI - [Hemodynamic analysis of cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7213089 TI - [Actuarial method in the analysis of the life span of pacemaker generators]. PMID- 7213090 TI - [Effects of isoproterenol in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 7213091 TI - [Lipidemia in native Kayapo Indians living in the Brazilian Amazon]. PMID- 7213092 TI - [Coronary reperfusion in the rat. Protective effects of verapamil]. PMID- 7213093 TI - [Primary endocardial fibroelastosis. Study of 10 cases]. PMID- 7213095 TI - [Immunology and laboratory diagnosis in rheumatic fever]. PMID- 7213094 TI - [Amiodarone in ventricular arrhythmias of chronic Chagas cardiopathy]. PMID- 7213096 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in professional athletes. II. Rhythm and conduction disorders]. PMID- 7213097 TI - [Cardiac changes in chagas patients with and without "megas"]. PMID- 7213098 TI - [Significance of collateral circulation in elastic rigidity of the ischemic ventricle]. PMID- 7213099 TI - [Prevention of post-operative cardiac tamponade by complete closure of the pericardium]. PMID- 7213100 TI - [Primary pulmonary hypertension. Deleterious effects of pulmonary angiography. Report of a case]. PMID- 7213101 TI - [Caseous granuloma of the heart simulating a tumor]. PMID- 7213102 TI - [Bilateral myxoma - preoperative diagnosis and successful surgical removal]. PMID- 7213104 TI - [Use of intra-aortic balloon in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7213103 TI - [Myocardiopathies]. PMID- 7213105 TI - [Amiodarone as an antiarrhythmia drug - study using the exercise test]. PMID- 7213106 TI - [Critical analysis and results of cardioplegia as a method of myocardial preservation]. PMID- 7213107 TI - [Pulsatile flow in extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 7213108 TI - [The Brazilian disposable bubble oxygenator. 5000 operations with the DMG model]. PMID- 7213109 TI - [Heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation using alpha membrane oxygenator. Personal experience in 150 cases]. PMID- 7213112 TI - [Myocardial revascularization in patients with severe hypocontractility of the left ventricle]. PMID- 7213111 TI - [Posterior drainage of the mediastinum in heart surgery]. PMID- 7213110 TI - [Circulatory support in the postoperative period in heart surgery. A new method of left atrium-femoral artery bypass]. PMID- 7213113 TI - [Surgical treatment of interventricular septal defect following acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7213115 TI - [Histopathological aspects of homologous dura mater prosthesis]. PMID- 7213114 TI - [Surgical treatment of aneurysms of the ascending aorta - emphasis on the re establishment of coronary circulation]. PMID- 7213116 TI - [Selective deep hypothermia associated with cardioplegic solution in the protection of the myocardium during cardiac arrest]. PMID- 7213118 TI - [Epoxy heart valve - a long-term evolution]. PMID- 7213117 TI - [Preliminary results with the Carpentier-Edwards heterologous bioprosthesis]. PMID- 7213119 TI - [Mitral valvoplasty - immediate results]. PMID- 7213120 TI - [Ionescu-Shiley valve: hemodynamic evaluation and clinical follow-up in 325 patients]. PMID- 7213121 TI - [Anomalous drainage of pulmonary veins - recent technical changes in the repair of the total supracardiac type - review of 22 cases]. PMID- 7213122 TI - [Surgical repair of aortic coarctation in infants]. PMID- 7213125 TI - [Comparative study of the threshold in acute and chronic stimulation in patients with Chagas disease and myocardiosclerosis with cardiac pacemakers]. PMID- 7213123 TI - [Surgical treatment of obliterative cardiomyopathy with mitral insufficiency and an anomalous muscular band in the left ventricle. Report of a surgically treated case]. PMID- 7213124 TI - [Surgical treatment of severe malformations of the truncus and conus. Experience in 40 cases]. PMID- 7213126 TI - [Anatomo-radiological study of venous drainage of the pancreas in the dog]. AB - The anatomic radiological patterns of the venous drainage of the pancreas were studied in 20 dogs, utilizing injection of Schlesinger mass by means of catheter placed on the cranial mesenteric, portal and splenic veins. The drainage of the cranial 2/3 of the right lobe of the pancreas is made by the cranial pancreaticoduodenal vein, while the caudal third is made by the caudal pancreaticoduodenal vein. There are communications between these two veins. The drainage of the angular pancreatic portion in made by venous branches which drain in the gastroduodenal vein. Conversely the drainage of the cranial portion of the left lobe is made by venous branches which drain in the gastroduodenal vein or in the portal vein. The caudal portion is drained by a variable number of veins which are tributary of the splenic vein and a communication between the venous branches from the caudal and cranial portion of this lobe are present in 8 of the 20 dogs studied. The authors emphasize the importance of the careful knowledge of the pancreatic venous anatomy in order to present misinterpretation of the physiological and physiopathological events observed in research which utilizes the dog as the experimental animal. PMID- 7213127 TI - [Mesenteric panniculitis]. AB - A case of mesenteric panniculitis is presented in which the main signal was an abdominal pulsable mass and severe obstruction of the lymphatic vessels of the mesentery. A review of the literature was done. PMID- 7213128 TI - [Gaucher's disease. Differential diagnosis in schistosomiasis hepatosplenomegaly]. PMID- 7213129 TI - [Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the duodenum: study of 3 cases]. AB - We have studied three cases of patients with lymphoid nodular duodenal hyperplasia, two of them being in the child group. We observed giardiasis in one of the cases of this child group. Also vague dyspeptical complaints in all cases were noticed. The diagnostics were based on the results obtained with endoscopy, later confirmed by hystological tests. We found two cases with absence of IgA without alterations in IgG and IgM when using immunoeletrophoresis. PMID- 7213130 TI - [Diagnosis of lactose intolerance in children. Relation of the measurement of intestinal carmine transit time to lactose and glucose-galactose tolerance tests]. PMID- 7213131 TI - [Diagnosis of lactose intolerance in children. Relation of the measurement of intestinal carmine transit time to lactose and glucose-galactose tolerance tests]. PMID- 7213132 TI - Effect of cimetidine on basal and betazole-stimulated gastric acid secretion in peptic ulcer. AB - The effect of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on basal and beta zole-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in 28 patients with peptic ulcer. The results demonstrate that cimetidine (300 mg IM), is a potent inhibitor of both basal and betazole-stimulated gastric acid secretion. PMID- 7213133 TI - [Clinical session of the Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas de Gastroenterologia]. PMID- 7213134 TI - [Alkaline reflux gastritis. Surgical treatment]. AB - The authors present the results of 35 patients with alcaline gastritis submitted to truncal vagotomy and jejunostomy by Roux in technic. Preoperative diagnosis was founded in clinical symptoms and endoscopy with histopathology. In a follow up of 84,8% of the patients, clinical results were excellent or good in 92,8%, showing relief of pain and vomits, gastric endoscopy almost normal and on histopathology. PMID- 7213135 TI - Small bowel bacterial flora in normal and in children with acute diarrhea. AB - The aerobic bacteria microflora of the upper small bowel in normal children and in children with acute diarrhea was studied. Forty one children aging between 2 months and 5 years were divided in 3 groups: Group I--13 wellnourished children with no signs of gastrointestinal abnormalities remained intubated for less than 4 hours; Group II--11 wellnourished children that remained intubated for a period of time varying from 4 to 24 hours; Group III--17 children with acute diarrhea. There was a striking difference in the bacterial pattern between children from groups I and II and these findings were attributed to the prolonged time of intubation. In group I the jejunal fluid was sterile in approximately 40% of the children and in the others there was only growth of a GRAM positive flora while in group II the jejunal fluid never presented as a sterile one, and in approximately 73% of the cases there was a growth of a mixed GRAM positive and GRAM negative microflora, mainly due to Enterobacteria. In group III an aerobic microflora different from that one verified in group I was found in 76,4% of the patients. In 47.05% of the cases a bacterial growth equivalent to the fecal flora has been observed, in 5.89% Pseudomonas aeruginosa was located and in 23.52% yeasts were cultured from the jejunal fluid. These data confirm the hypothesis that bacterial and fungi infections are most prevalent in underdeveloped countries. This is probably due to the poor sanitary conditions observed in these countries associated with a high index of environmental contamination. PMID- 7213136 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia associated to chronic active hepatitis. AB - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia or Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome (ROWS) is an angiodisplasia characterized clinically by the presence of telangiectasias in the skin and mucosas, particularly on the face, conjunctivas, nose, pharynx and rarely on the thorax. Visceral involvement specially hepatic cirrhosis associated with pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae have been described. We describe a 7 10/12 years old girl with the diagnosis of ROWS associated with chronic active hepatitis with positive HBAg that evolved to hepatic cirrhosis. This is the second case of ROWS associated with chronic active hepatitis reported in the literature, being however, the first one described in the childhood. PMID- 7213137 TI - [Cimetidine and gastric ulcer]. PMID- 7213138 TI - [Cimetidine in the treatment of gastric ulcer]. AB - Twenty five patients with gastric ulcer were prospectively studied. They were admitted during acute phase and given cimetidine, 1000 mg/day for 6 weeks. They were maintained on cimetidine (up to 800 mg/day) for another 12 week period. The patients were studied with laboratory tests, endoscopy and biopsy during 4 steps of follow-up. A 76% healing rate was noted during the study. The incidence of side effects was low and drug tolerance and efficacy was shown to be good. PMID- 7213139 TI - [Endoscopic resection of hamartoma of the duodenum]. AB - Duodenal tumors are rare and, Brunner's glands proliferation encompass a small percent. The duodenal hamartoma generally has a polypoid configuration. It can present as two clinical conditions; bleeding and obstruction, even though most of the time it is asymptomatic or presents non specific gastrointestinal symptoms. Another possibility is the association with polypoid lesions of the large bowel, as it happens in Peutz Jeghers and Gardner's syndrome. Malignant transformation is exceedingly rare. Endoscopy has an important role, not only to ensure proper diagnosis, but also as a valuable therapeutic option. PMID- 7213140 TI - [Occlusion of the upper mesenteric artery. Angiographic study and surgical treatment of 8 cases]. AB - Eight patiants suffering from abdominal angina due to chronic intestinal ischemia have been submitted to angiographic examination and revascularization of superior mesenteric artery (SMA). All had the classical symptoms of postprandial pain, weight loss and abnormalities of the stools. The surgical procedure of choice was bypass from abdominal aorta to SMA. The reimplantion of SMA was performed in 2 cases. The results was good in 87,5% of cases. The mortality in acute intestinal ischemia is high, and 50% of such patients have previous attacks of abdominal angina. If the diagnosis is established by engiography, the revascularization should be performed. PMID- 7213142 TI - [Esophagogastric junction in the dog. Study of some pHmetric technics]. AB - The authors' carried out a pHmetric study of stomach, esophagus and gastroesophageal junction in dog, using four techniques: intermittent pull through technique, continuous pull-through technique, continuous push-through technique and rapid pull-through technique. The study was done in six adult male dogs. Each animal was studied in five sessions, having been undergone 16 examinations and having been done 4 examinations of each technique. The intermittent pull-through technique (TPI) proved to be the most adequate for the pHmetric study, because it propitiates better interaction conditions between electrode and environment. Of the techniques of continuous dislocation, the continuous push-through technique (TEC) presented the most satisfactory results, having the electrode presented little latency. The continuous pull-through technique (TPC) has its application on the dependence of the pull speed; it was observed that the less the speed the less the latency of the electrode. The rapid pull-through technique (TPCR) doesn't permit an adequate interaction between electrode-environment, in consideration of the rapidity of the examination. PMID- 7213141 TI - [Drug therapy of mansoni schistosomiasis]. AB - The various presentations of schistosomiasis mansoni are discussed, stressing the indications of parosites elimination. Parasitologic cure is necessary, although, when the infestation is recent (acute), the drug efficacy is lower than in the chronic forms. Surgery may be pertension, special care must be taken, and in the pseudotumoral form there is not enough diet regarding progression of the disease after treatment. Contraindications are linked to associated illness, and are due to toxic effects of the available drugs. The mechanism of action of such drugs are discussed, as well as the historical background. Hycantone, Oxamniquine and Praziquantel are detailed in separate, with the proposed drug schedules and possible side effects. PMID- 7213144 TI - Auditory-visual synesthesia: sound-induced photisms. AB - Nine patients with visual loss due to lesions of the optic nerve or chiasm experienced photisms induced by sound. Descriptions of these varied from simple flashes of white light to complicated colorful hallucinations likened to a flame, a petal of oscillating lines, a kaleidoscope, or an ameba; they always appeared within a defective portion of the visual field as demonstrated by perimetry. The provoking sounds were usually those of normal daily life, ranged from soft to loud, and always seemed to be heard by the ear ipsilateral to the eye in which the photism was seen. Sound-induced photisms occurred under circumstances that would promote a startle reaction to sound, and each patient was startled when the photisms occurred. Visual evoked responses demonstrated partial deafferentation of the eye in which photisms were seen in seven patients tested. The phenomenon may occur when the patient with a partially deafferent anterior visual pathway is startled by sound. PMID- 7213143 TI - Glossopharyngeal (vagoglossopharyngeal) neuralgia: a study of 217 cases. AB - In 217 cases of glossopharyngeal neuralgia seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1922 and 1977, the disease was more common in patients older than 50 years (57%), but also occurred in 43% who were between 18 and 50. Spontaneous remissions were noted by 161 patients, but 37 had no periods of pain relief. Syncope was rarely a problem. Involvement was bilateral in 12%. The combination of glossopharyngeal and trigeminal neuralgia was found in 25 patients. Positive results on the cocaine test in 112 of 125 patients aided in diagnosis. Carbamazepine is the favored medication. Early surgical experience consisted of extracranial avulsion of the glossopharyngeal nerve or intracranial section at the jugular foramen; since 1948, surgical treatment has included section of the glossopharyngeal nerve and usually the upper rootlets of the vagus nerve and additional section of the fifth cranial nerve when trigeminal neuralgia was associated. Good relief of pain was obtained surgically in 110 patients. PMID- 7213145 TI - Epidemiologic study of primary intracranial neoplasms. AB - The incidence of primary intracranial neoplasms in Rochester, Minn, from 1935 through 1977 is reviewed with regard to whether the tumor was diagnosed because of symptoms arising before death or was found incidentally at autopsy. Among males, the overall age-adjusted incidence rate of cases diagnosed before death was 8.3 per 100,000 population per year, which included a rate of 4.0 for gliomas, 1.2 for meningiomas, and 1.5 for pituitary tumors. Among females, the comparable overall rate was 10.1; that included a rate of 4.1 for gliomas, 2.6 for meningiomas, and 1.7 for pituitary tumors. Of all autopsies on subjects aged 55 years and over, about 1% confirmed or discovered gliomas and slightly more than 1% confirmed or discovered meningiomas. PMID- 7213146 TI - Facial clefts among epileptic patients. AB - Anticonvulsants have been suspected of teratogenicity, with facial clefts being the malformation most frequently associated with maternal anticonvulsant therapy. Paternal epilepsy has also been suggested as a factor in the genesis of birth defects, including facial clefts. An association between epilepsy per se and facial clefts would be reflected in a higher facial cleft prevalence among epileptics, and consequently result in an increase of such malformations among their children. The prevalence of facial clefts was determined in an unselected group of 3,203 epileptic probands: their personal data were cross-matched with a complete file of Danish facial cleft patients born between 1934 and 1977. Eleven epileptic probands had a facial cleft, which is twice the expected number. The increased prevalence of cleft defects among epileptics could partly explain why more of their children have facial clefts. PMID- 7213148 TI - Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of central and extrapontine myelinolysis. AB - In two patients the diagnosis of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), suspected on clinical grounds, was supported by computerized tomographic (CT) sections made perpendicular to the pons, and confirmed on postmortem examination. Extrapontine myelinolysis was suggested on CT scans in both cases, and confirmed in one. Computerized tomography may prove to be a sensitive and accurate diagnostic test for CPM, and may aid in the detection of associated extrapontine lesions. PMID- 7213147 TI - Transcortical sensory aphasia with relatively spared spontaneous speech and naming. AB - Patients with transcortical sensory aphasia have relatively preserved repetition ability but have poor comprehension and naming ability. Their spontaneous speech contains paraphasic errors and lacks content. We describe a patient with a left parietal lesion who had poor comprehension but who was able to repeat. However, unlike previously reported cases of transcortical aphasia, the patient had relatively normal naming and spontaneous speech. We believe that this distinct and previously unreported form of transcortical aphasia is induced by a one-way dissociation between phonemic and semantic processors. PMID- 7213149 TI - Abrupt neurological deterioration in children with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. AB - The conditions of a young woman and a boy with Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) deteriorated abruptly; they died despite pacemaker control of complete heart block (case 1) and without evidence of arrhythmia or asystole. Extensive spongy vacuolization of the brainstem was shown by serial computerized tomographic scanning (case 2) and at autopsy (case 1). A review of the literature indicated that KSS in childhood is particularly severe and is associated with diffuse, progressive, spongy degeneration of the brain. Children with KSS have clinical, roentgenographic, and neuropathological evidence of spongy degeneration of the brain, which may be related to abrupt deterioration and death despite adequate control of heart block. Periodic brainstem auditory evoked response studies may allow early recognition of this process. PMID- 7213150 TI - Doppler pulse waveform analysis of carotid artery flow in dissecting aortic aneurysm. AB - A 38-year-old man was hospitalized with severe neck pain. Aortic arch angiography failed to reveal an abnormality. Doppler flow study showed a prolonged systolic flow phase with a double peak in the left common carotid. The impression of dissecting aortic aneurysm involving the left carotid was confirmed at autopsy. PMID- 7213151 TI - A possible role for aspartic acid in neonatal seizures. AB - Aspartic acid concentration in CSF was markedly elevated in a newborn infant with severe, intractable seizures. The levels of all other amino acids in blood, urine, and CSF were within the normal range. Two of the six other siblings in this consanguineous family died in early infancy of a similar condition. Since aspartic acid is a putative excitatory neurotransmitter, a possible causal relationship is suggested between its increased CSF concentration and the occurrence of neonatal convulsions in this family. PMID- 7213152 TI - Sublingual venous angioma. Marker of intracranial lesion? AB - Venous angiomas are the rarest of all CNS vascular malformations. The association of a sublingual venous angioma with a similar ipsilateral cerebral lesion in an otherwise normal patient was observed. PMID- 7213153 TI - Combined calvarial and CNS sarcoidosis: report ot two cases. PMID- 7213154 TI - Anterior spinal artery syndrome during the postpartum period. PMID- 7213155 TI - Anterior spinal artery syndrome during the postpartum period. PMID- 7213156 TI - Corneal edema secondary to vitreocorneal contact. AB - Aphakic eyes, some with edematous corneas, and others with corneas free of edema, but all with formed vitreous humor in contact with the corneal endothelium, were studied. Removal of vitreous humor from the anterior chamber by closed vitrectomy resulted in substantial improvement in the state of corneal hydration and, in some cases, in the elimination of clinically notable corneal edema. Specular microscopy showed endothelial abnormalities in the edematous corneas that were not present in corneas with vitreous contact that remained free of edema. However, those endothelial changes seen in edematous corneas before vitrectomy seemed to persist after vitrectomy and corneal deturgescence. Thus, elimination of vitreous contact may result in clinical reversal of corneal edema despite a prolonged period of vitreous contact and in the face of seemingly irreversible endothelial changes. PMID- 7213157 TI - Sarcoidosis and ocular disease in a young child. A case report and review of the literature. AB - Uveitis in the very young child may be a manifestation of sarcoidosis. A case of sarcoidosis with intraocular inflammation that occurred in a child 2 years 7 months old is reported. The diagnosis was supported by biopsy of uncommon bulbar conjunctival nodules. Knowledge by the ophthalmologists that this disease can occur in children younger than 5 years of age may be crucial to the establishment of proper diagnosis. PMID- 7213158 TI - Microhemorrhagic maculopathy. AB - Twenty subjects, 12 males and eight females aged 14 to 58 years, had a small monocular macular hemorrhage that was punctate, round, or bilobed and seemed to originate from the perifoveal capillary plexus. Although clinical study results failed to establish a common causal denominator, three of the 20 patients had a history of preceding increased venous pressure (Valsalva stress), three of nine subjects tested showed impaired blood platelet aggregation, and an additional four of 20 were taking medications known to impair platelet function both in vitro and in vivo. Macular microhemorrhages resolve spontaneously, and available data suggest that the syndrome is benign. PMID- 7213159 TI - Spontaneous absorption of the lens in the congenital rubella syndrome. AB - Seven eyes in five patients with the congenital rubella syndrome have shown partial or complete absorption of a cataractous lens without surgical intervention. The rare occurrence of spontaneous lens absorption should not be a reason for delaying the early removal of dense bilateral cataracts in this condition. PMID- 7213160 TI - Radioactive phosphorus-uptake-testing variables before and after enucleation. AB - Values for radioactive phosphorus uptake from 23 eyes with malignant melanomas of the choroid were compared before and after enucleation. In all but two eyes, the percentage increase in 32P uptake was higher immediately after enucleation than before enucleation. In 11 eyes, the variation was more than 100%. In one eye, the percentage increase of 32P uptake was 68% before enucleation and 137% after enucleation. The clinical importance of our findings is that pressure on the globe by the detector probe before enucleation may locally decrease choroidal blood volume thereby causing an increase in the calculated 32P uptake. PMID- 7213161 TI - Orbital myositis after upper respiratory tract infection. AB - Two cases of isolated unilateral extraocular muscle myositis after antecedent upper respiratory tract infections are reported. Pain, inflammation over the involved muscle, restricted motility, and an enlarged muscle on computerized axial tomography scan are the findings. This is differentiated from conjunctival inflammatory disease and neurologic disorders. The treatment is orally administered steroids. PMID- 7213162 TI - Stereoacuity norms in young children. AB - Stereoacuity was investigated in 3- to 5-year-old children and in adults by using four commercially available stereotests (the Frisby, Randot circles, Random-Dot E (RDE), and TNO tests) and by using an experimental stereotest. Comparative reanalysis was also made of data obtained from other studies of the RDE and Titmus circles tests. Stereoacuity norms are proposed for 3- to 5-year-old children for each of the commercially available tests. Factors influencing stereoacuity threshold differences among the different tests are discussed. The results on all tests are consistent with the hypothesis that binocular visual development is incomplete at 5 years of age. PMID- 7213163 TI - A comparison of the Frisby, Random-Dot E, TNO, and Randot circles stereotests in screening and office use. AB - Three random-dot stereogram (RDS) tests, the Frisby, Random-Dot E (RDE), and TNO tests, and a stereotest with monocularly visible contours, the Randot circles test, were administered to two populations of 3- to 5-year-old children in vision screening settings and to a sample of patients with strabismus and amblyopia. The Frisby test missed (underreferred) cases of binocular dysfunction detected by the RDE and TNO tests, using a 250 seconds of arc (250") (Frisby and RDE) or 240" (TNO) thresholds as the pass-fail breakpoint. The TNO underreferred cases at 240" relative to the RDE, but underreferred none if the TNO's breakpoint was lowered to 120". The Randot circles test produced better-indicated stereoacuities than the RDS tests and was found able to reliably grade stereoacuity in patients with stereopsis too poor to be graded by RDS tests. PMID- 7213164 TI - Accommodative and convergence insufficiency after decompression sickness. AB - Twelve professional divers had visual complaints after decompression sickness. Severe accommodative and convergence insufficiency, heretofore unrecognized, was detected and studied. Two rhesus monkeys were subjected to similar hyperbaric conditions and then examined before death for study of their eyes and brains. The animals seemed to have accommodative and convergence insufficiency. PMID- 7213165 TI - Nitrous oxide levels during retinal cryosurgery. AB - Nitrous oxide levels were monitored before, during, and after retinal cryotherapy. These units produced an average elevation of the nitrous oxide concentration in the operating room to the level of 963 ppm. Nitrous oxide levels in a control operating room using general endotracheal anesthesia with nitrous oxide ranged from 75 to 200 ppm. Nitrous oxide has been reported to be associated with various teratogenic effects in experimental animals and may be associated with other human ailments. The use of a scavenger system specifically designed to handle the exhaust from ophthalmic nitrous oxide units can reduce the nitrous oxide concentration by 50% or more and is, therefore, recommended. PMID- 7213166 TI - Complications of cryosurgery. AB - We describe 70 patients who underwent cryosurgery to the lids during a two-year period. Of the 58 receiving adequate follow-up, approximately one fourth had complications thought to be directly caused by cryosurgery. These include visual loss, lid notching, corneal ulcer, acceleration of symblepharon formation, xerosis, cellulitis, activation of herpes zoster, skin depigmentation, and severe soft-tissue reaction. In addition, 9% of the lids showed possible induction of trichiasis in areas adjacent to treatment. More than two thirds of patients with conjunctival shrinkage or grafted or irradiated lids had adverse effects, with one case of permanent visual loss. Misdirected lashes were successfully eliminated with a single double freeze-thaw technique in 90% of lids treated. Cryosurgery for aberrant lashes and some benign lid lesions is the most effective method of therapy presently available, but one must be aware of its potential complications. It has a low complication rate in "normal" lids, but should be used with caution in patients with conjunctival shrinkage or in those with grafted and/or irradiated lids. PMID- 7213167 TI - Blue field entoptic test in patients with ocular trauma. AB - The blue field entoptic test was applied to study macular function in 32 patients with severe ocular trauma and markedly reduced visual acuity (6/60 [20/200] or less) in whom fundus details could not be seen initially. This test is based on the entoptic phenomenon, whereby one can observe one's own leukocytes flowing in the perifoveal retinal capillaries. Twenty of the 21 patients (95%) with normal perception of the corpuscles regained a visual acuity of 6/12 (20/40) or better on follow-up, whereas ten of the 11 patients (91%) with abnormal test responses had, on follow-up, a visual acuity of counting fingers or less. The blue field entoptic test is therefore useful in prognosticating macular function in patients with reduced visual acuity due to media opacities secondary to ocular trauma. PMID- 7213168 TI - Human biochemical components in retinoschisis and detachment. AB - Degenerative retinoschisis and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment are disorders that originate in the peripheral part of the retina. Both of these disorders are associated with biochemical processes that result in the finding of metabolic products within fluid-filled spaces. An attempt at biochemical differentiation of these two retinal disorders is described. Cholesterol, phospholipids, and proteins were present in the fluid samples, but low-density lipoproteins were not found. It is suggested that the cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio may reflect the degree of retinal cellular destruction. PMID- 7213169 TI - Regional specificity in anatomy at the lamina cribrosa. AB - Specimens cut in cross section at the level of the lamina cribrosa in normal primate eyes are examined by light microscopy. The density of structural elements, consisting of crosswise-oriented connective-tissue trabeculae, is examined in different regions of the nerve head. It is noted that nasal more than temporal more than superior or inferior regions of the lamina cross section contain increased connective-tissue elements. This regional variation in nerve head anatomy is contrasted with susceptibility patterns of nerve head tissue to pressure elevation in both experimental and clinical glaucoma. PMID- 7213170 TI - Congenital glaucoma associated with a chromosomal defect. A histologic study. AB - A pair of eyes with congenital glaucoma, one treated by goniotomy, was examined by light and electron microscopy. Examination of the drainage angles afforded the opportunity to compare anatomic changes in the treated eye with the surgically unaltered tissue of the fellow eye. The congenital glaucoma appeared to arise from compression of the trabecular meshwork and closure of the intertrabecular and transtrabecular spaces by a discontinuous "membrane" consisting of ectopic trabecular pillars that bridged the drainage angle from the iris root to the normally positioned uveal meshwork. Cleavage of trabecular pillars during goniotomy and conversion of angle architecture to that of a nonglaucomatous neonatal eye suggest that aberrant or ectopic trabecular pillars acted mechanically in maintaining angle compression. The uveal and corneoscleral meshwork and Schlemm's canal are present and appear normal. PMID- 7213172 TI - A bipolar coaxial microprobe for safe transvitreal diathermy. AB - We present a new 22-gauge transvitreal bipolar diathermy microprobe. With the use of the coaxial principle, the current flows only at the probe's end surfaces. Because of its small size and end-on coagulation effect, and when used in conjunction with a low-frequency diathermy unit, the probe can be used safely on vessels lying directly on the retinal surface and close to the optic nerve head. We report three cases to demonstrate the usefulness of this instrument. PMID- 7213171 TI - Iris angiography and aqueous photofluorometry in normal subjects. AB - Iris angiography and photofluorometry of the aqueous were performed on 44 normal subjects equally distributed between 15 and 65 years of age. Hemoglobin AIc determinations were performed in 20 of these persons. Leakage from the pupillary margin was present in 20% of the eyes studied. In all cases of leakage, the dye faded quickly after the initial peak concentration. No leakage was observed from radial iris vessels. Photofluorometric readings of the aqueous 60 minutes after injection increased significantly with age. Hemoglobin AIc measurements were observed to correlate significantly with aqueous fluorescein concentration. Both these observations may reflect an altered permeability of biologic membranes associated with aging. PMID- 7213173 TI - A new operating table for the management of giant retinal breaks. AB - For management of giant retinal breaks, I have developed an operating table that can rotate around its longitudinal and transverse axes 360 degrees. When this table is used in conjunction with intravitreal injection of air, a giant break can easily be tamponaded, regardless of its location. PMID- 7213174 TI - Optical advantage of a soft contact lens in specular microscopy. PMID- 7213176 TI - Conjunctival melanoma. PMID- 7213175 TI - Conjunctival, corneal involvement accompanying erosive-ulcerative blepharitis. PMID- 7213178 TI - Automobile driving with telescopic aids. PMID- 7213177 TI - Conjunctival melanoma. PMID- 7213179 TI - The summating potential and Meniere's disease. I. Summating potential amplitude in Meniere and non-Meniere ears. AB - We investigated the relationship between Meniere's disease and the abnormally enlarged summating potential (SP) in a series of patients and normal subjects. Cochlear and auditory nerve responses to rectangular-pulse clicks, delivered at a rate of 8/s and an intensity of 115 dB peak-equivalent sound pressure level, were recorded from ear canal skin. We performed a parabolic regression for SP amplitudes as a function of auditory nerve action potential (AP) amplitudes in normal ears and obtained the 95% confidence interval (+/- 2 SD) for normal scatter around the fitted curve. Sixty-eight percent of SP amplitudes from ears with Meniere's disease exceeded the upper normal confidence limit. In contrast, only 7% of the cochlear ears and none of the retrocochlear ears had SP amplitudes above this normal upper limit. Cochlear microphonic potentials and APs from the ears with Meniere's disease also tended to be larger than normal, but this tendency was not strong enough to be of diagnostic use. PMID- 7213181 TI - Simple impedance test for Eustachian tube function. AB - A simple impedance method to evaluate Eustachian tube function has been reported. The principle of the test consists of recording the impedance of the eardrum during Valsalva's maneuver and during swallowing. By this procedure, the inflow and outflow of air through the tube is recorded as a simple pattern of impedance change that is classified into the following three groups: normal, obstructive, and patent. The conformity of these test results to those of an aerodynamic test has indicated the reliability of the test for clinical use. PMID- 7213180 TI - Histopathologic study of congenital aural atresia in the human embryo. AB - We studied the histopathologic features of the temporal bones in a human embryo with unilateral aural atresia. The developmental stage of the embryo was at stage 22 in the Carnegie system, and the estimated ovulation age was 8 weeks. There were severe hypoplastic changes in Meckel's and Reichert's arch cartilages without differentiation of the auditory ossicles, hypoplasia of the tubotympanic recess, and resultant abnormal passing of the facial nerve in the affected ear. Abnormal lateral extension of the cartilaginous otic capsule replaced a posterior half of the middle ear region and seemed to form the so-called atresia plate. The external and middle ears of the unaffected side and the bilateral inner ears were morphologically normal. These findings might explain some parts of the complicated mechanism in the development of middle ear anomalies encountered in surgery for congenital aural atresia. PMID- 7213182 TI - Clinical application of nonacoustic middle ear muscle stimulation. AB - Several clinical situations exist when only nonacoustic stimuli will provide data necessary for the correct neuro-otologic diagnosis. The tactile stapedius and the orbital air-jet reflexes have been used to aid in detecting the middle ear status in severe hearing losses, retrocochlear hearing losses, ossicular fixation, and facial paralysis. These reflexes also are useful in localization in some cranial nerve disorders. The equipment required to elicit these reflexes is inexpensive, and the test can be performed rapidly. Some pitfalls in interpretation are caused by the lack of precise correlative data. When properly used, performed, and interpreted, nonacoustic reflex response data supply information to the clinician that is otherwise unobtainable. PMID- 7213183 TI - Effect of ethaverine hydrochloride on cochlear microcirculation. AB - The effect of ethaverine hydrochloride on cochlear microcirculation was observed in short-term experiments on 11 guinea pigs. In these experiments, the endocochlear PO2, endocochlear potential (EP), cochlear microphonic (CM) potential, and blood pressure (BP) were recorded. Endocochlear PO2 was measured polarographically by gold electrodes in the scala media. Ethaverine hydrochloride was administered by intravenous infusion for ten minutes in doses of 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg. These experiments demonstrated that ethaverine hydrochloride in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg caused significant elevation of endocochlear PO2 for 35 to 90 minutes, even when the BP temporarily declined. At the same time, it was observed that this improvement of cochlear microcirculation coincided with an increase of the CM potential. Decrease of the EP is probably the result of BP decline and a direct action of ethaverine on EP generation. PMID- 7213185 TI - Sagittal ostectomy of the mandible for floor of mouth cancer. AB - The removal of a full-thickness portion of the anterior part of the mandible can result in significant cosmetic deformity and serious functional disability. Anterior sagittal ostectomy of the mandible obviates the need for resection of the mandible. This surgical technique has the following advantages: (1) permits an en bloc resection of the entire lingual cortical plate of the mandible and the floor of the mouth, (2) maintains facial contour and oral cavity function, (3) can be combined with any soft-tissue reconstructive procedure, and (4) does not require a future mandibular reconstructive procedure. PMID- 7213184 TI - Clinical efficacy of cefoxitin in the treatment of head and neck infections. AB - Cefoxitin sodium, a new cephamycin antibiotic, is active against many aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Four patients with infections of the head and neck (otitis externa with cellulitis, parotiditis, tracheitis, and facial cellulitis), who had failed to respond to initial antibiotic regimens, responded satisfactorily to cefoxitin therapy. No adverse effects were noted in any of these patients. Results of this report suggest cefoxitin is a safe and well-tolerated antibiotic that is efficacious in the treatment of head and neck bacterial infections that are sensitive to this drug. PMID- 7213186 TI - Current management of esophageal foreign bodies. AB - Between 1972 and 1978, a total of 159 cases of esophageal foreign body were treated at the University of Minnesota Affiliated Hospitals, Minneapolis. Although coins were the most frequent offending agent in the pediatric group, meat was the most common in the entire series (60%). Eighty percent of coins were impacted in the upper esophagus, while meat impaction occurred most frequently in the distal esophagus (42%). Rigid esophagoscopy was performed in 134 patients. The foreign body was removed during esophagoscopy in 122 cases, advanced into the stomach in two cases, and not found in ten cases. In addition to esophagoscopy, when meat obstruction was suspected, several pharmacologic agents were successful in relieving the obstruction, such as parenterally administered diazepam (Valium) (8/27) and glucagon (6/14). Spontaneous passage was noted in seven cases. No cases of esophageal carcinoma were discovered in this series. PMID- 7213188 TI - Auditory function of Friedreich's ataxia. Electrophysiologic study of a family. AB - Hearing function and auditory brainstem potentials were evaluated in nine members of three generations of a family affected with Friedreich's ataxia. The characteristic findings were high-frequency sensorineural hearing impairment of varying severity and diminished or absent N1, N2, and N3 responses. These electrophysiologic aberrations correlate topographically with previously reported pathological observations. PMID- 7213187 TI - Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in Parkinson's disease. AB - We report two cases of bilateral vocal cord paralysis in patients with Parkinson's disease and review the possible causes of this condition. We suggest that the vocal cord muscle paralysis is a manifestation of advanced disease. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in Parkinson's disease may be seen more commonly in the future as therapy enables more patients to live longer. PMID- 7213189 TI - Spontaneous CSF otorrhea. PMID- 7213190 TI - Aneuploid DNA pattern in human pituitary adenomas. AB - The DNA contents of 29 histologically and ultrastructurally benign pituitary tumours were analyzed with flow-cytofluorometry.--Cytogenetic malignancy, i.e., aneuploidy, was found in 12 cases, independent of endocrinological type of tumour. In 17 cases a diploid DNA content occurred. In aneuploid tumours varying percentage of cells in S-phase was found indicating different growth patterns. Aneuploid DNA pattern was often found in young patients with a short case history. Our findings indicate that analysis of cellular DNA content may reflect the biological properties of pituitary tumours, independent of morphologic characteristics and type of hormone secretion. PMID- 7213193 TI - The brain stem response SN10, its frequency selectivity, and its value in classifying neural hearing lesions. AB - The component P6 of the brain stem is only to be related to the hearing ability in the high tone range of greater than or equal to 2 kHZ, but it can be traced up to the hearing threshold. The cortex response N90, on the other hand, is frequency-specific, but it can hardly be recorded up to the subjective hearing threshold. The slow brain stem response SN10 (Davis and Hirsh 1979), unaffected by medicamented sleep, shall give information about hearing ability in the low and medium frequency range and may thus be an ideal complement to the fast response P6. In a number of normal hearing people and patients with sensorial hearing impairment of different frequency characteristics the brain stem responses P6 and SN10 were simultaneously recorded. As stimuli we used tone pips of a rise and fall time independent of frequency of about 2 ms and with a plateau of 2 ms as well. The mean threshold of the SN10 response is about 10 dB above the subjective hearing threshold. The constancy of the latencies corresponds to that of P6. The frequency selectivity of this relatively slow brain stem response is proved by comparing the P6 and SN10 responses with the course of the subjective hearing threshold. The topodiagnostic significance of the wave SN10 in connection with the brain stem response P6 and the cortical response N90 is shown in a case of neural hearing impairment. PMID- 7213191 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the human cochlea--the organ of Corti. AB - The surface of the organ of Corti from normally hearing adult humans has been examined with the scanning electron microscope. It is possible to construct cytocochleograms and to derive a regression line with confidence limits to represent the distribution of the sensory hair cells. Examining individual hair cells more closely, the number of cilia on each hair cell, decreased linearly with distance, from the base of the cochlea. However, the length of the longest cilia on each outer hair cell increased linearly with distance. PMID- 7213192 TI - [The auditory pathway in guinea pigs. A [14C]2-deoxyglucose study (author's transl)]. AB - The auditory pathway of guinea pigs was labeled with [14C]-deoxyglucose after mon or binaural stimulation with farfield white noise in a sound-proof chamber. In the autoradiographs, all auditory nuclei were labeled. The highest metabolic effects were seen in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the lateral superior olivary nucleus, and in the inferior colliculus. No selective labeling was observed in the auditory cortex. Monaural stimulation depressed the metabolic activity contralaterally in the ventral cochlear nucleus and ipsilaterally in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, the dorsomedial periolivary nucleus, and in the inferior colliculus. PMID- 7213194 TI - Blood flow of the round window. AB - Motion pictures of the blood flow of the round window in guinea pigs were taken. In this part the blood flow of the inner ear could be distinguished from that of the middle ear. Our motion pictures show that the blood flow of the inner ear can be observed through the round window membrane without an operation on the inner ear. PMID- 7213195 TI - [The function of the human posterior vertical canal and the extent of central compensation in unilateral dissection of the vestibular nerve]. AB - The vestibular nerve innervates the semicircular canals through two branches. The first branch innervates the anterior vertical and the horizontal canals and the second branch innervates the posterior vertical canal. In transtemporal neurectomy the dissection of the vestibular nerve was sometimes only in the upper part. In these cases the fibres to the posterior vertical canal are still intact. In Dusseldorf 41 patients were treated by transtemporal neurectomy from 1970 until 1977. Five of these patients show an incomplete dissection of the vestibular nerve. They had a normal endolymph circulation with afferent nerve fibres only from the posterior vertical canal. These patients were examined by caloric and rotatory stimulation in different head positions. Vertical and horizontal eye movements were simultaneously recorded. The stimulation of the posterior vertical canal shows a rotatory eye movement. The results were compared with the second Ewald law. PMID- 7213196 TI - Some remarks on the genesis of the so-called branchiogenous carcinoma. AB - Nine patients suffering from supposed branchiogenous carcinomas were observed within 8 years. In six of them later on a further tumour developed: four times in the tonsils and twice in the glossopharyngeal region and three of these patients additionally in the contralateral side-region of the neck. Histopathology revealed squamous carcinoma of a pseudocystic type; no pre-existing epithelium of a cyst or fistula within these tumours was to be seen. In the remaining three patients--even for several years--a primary tumour was not discovered. These tumours may have developed dysontogenetic rests of the "branchiale Anlage"- especially from incomplete inner fistulas. Moreover, this assumption is also supported by those cases which later on displayed squamous carcinoma at the lower pole of the tonsils, but actually were relapses of the primary tumour by continuous growth. PMID- 7213197 TI - Peripheral and central vestibular disorders in alcoholics. A three-year follow-up study. AB - Vestibular disorders were found in all 33 Japanese men who had been drinking alcohol for over 20 years and who had abstained from alcohol for over 3 months before the tests were done. Six, 12, and 15 patients showed peripheral, central, and combined types of vestibular disorders, respectively. The peripheral disorder occurred in younger alcoholics (under 50 years old) with a drinking history of 20 30 years, and the combined disorder in older patients with a longer drinking history. The vestibular disorders, however, were not observed in any of 16 control non-alcoholics. A follow-up study on seven alcoholics with a 3-year abstinence from alcohol revealed an improvement of vestibular dysfunctions, in particular of peripheral disorders, with an abstinence of over 2 years. PMID- 7213198 TI - The diagnostic value of phase-angle tympanograms. AB - The diagnostic value of susceptance, conductance, resistance, reactance, admittance and phase-angle tympanograms is compared. Phase-angle tympanograms seem to be best suited for the discrimination between normal W patterns and broad irregular curves obtained from ossicular disruptions, luxations and necroses. Several possibilities are proposed: phase-angle tympanograms at the drum, phase angle tympanograms at the tip of the measuring probe and corresponding phasor curves. The best choice will depend on the kind of data processing and/or measuring equipment available. PMID- 7213199 TI - Dynamics of acoustic reflex growth. AB - Acoustic reflex growth was measured as a function of activator bandwidth in 10 subjects with normal hearing and in 5 subjects with different configurations of sensorineural hearing loss. The activators consisted of tones with frequencies of 500, 1 000 and 4 000 Hz, fractions and multiples of octave bands centered at these frequencies, and broadband noise. Growth functions for the normal-hearing subjects measured with a 660-Hz probe tone had smaller peak magnitudes and shallower slopes than the growth functions measured with a 220-Hz probe tone. The slope of the growth function and the peak magnitude of acoustic impedance were not affected in any consistent manner by activator bandwidth or activator center frequency. The dynamic range of the growth function increased with an increase in activator bandwidth beyond 1 octave. The resistive component of acoustic impedance did not exhibit a consistent pattern of change with increasing activator intensity level. The reflex growth functions for normal-hearing subjects separated into two groups, those with steep slopes and large peak magnitudes and those with shallow slopes and small peak magnitudes. 3 out of the 5 cases with sensorineural hearing loss presented growth functions with shallower slopes, smaller dynamic ranges and smaller peak magnitudes than normal. The other 2 cases had steeper slopes and larger peak magnitudes than normal. The dynamic range did not increase with an increase in activator bandwidth beyond 1 octave. The differences in reflex growth functions with probe-tone frequency observed for the normal group were diminished or absent in 4 of the 5 cases of sensorineural hearing loss. The frequency of 4 000 Hz appeared to be the most sensitive to reflex manifestations of hearing loss. PMID- 7213200 TI - Audiometric study of the neonate: impedance audiometry. Behavioural responses and brain stem audiometry. AB - The following clinical measurements of acoustic impedance were carried out successfully on 25 neonates. Average compliance was 0.48 cm3, with a range from 0.28 to 0.81 cm3. Tympanometry showed a high percentage of maximum compliance curves with positive pressures. In a notably high percentage, the stapedial reflex was combined with generalized body movements and was therefore considered a behavioural response. Behavioural responses of the child were also observed separately. Ipsilateral stimulation did not evoke a measurable stapedius reflex in any of the cases, but with contralateral stimulation some babies did show this reflex. The most intense behavioural responses occurred when white noise was used as the stimulus. Of the 25 children studied with impedance audiometry, 10 were evaluated audiologically by brain stem electric potentials. The latency of wave V was within the normal range in all the cases. Electric response audiometry could be a promising method for audiological evaluation of the neonate. PMID- 7213203 TI - Characteristics of tinnitus in acoustic trauma. AB - Several parameters of tinnitus were investigated in a group fo 102 subjects suffering from acoustic trauma. These parameters were then compared to the results of the hearing tests and subjective complaints. The frequency and intensity of tinnitus were established by the usual matching technique with a clinical audiometer. The most effective masking of the tinnitus due to acoustic trauma was by pure tones. There seems to be a correlation between the tinnitus level and the hearing loss level at the frequency at which the hearing loss was most severe. A significant association was found between the matched tinnitus level and its description by the patient. There is also an association between the severity of the acoustic trauma and the perceived loudness of the tinnitus, as well as other subjective complaints. PMID- 7213201 TI - Brainstem-evoked response audiometry: normative data from the preterm infant. AB - Brainstem-evoked response audiometry (BERA) was performed on 40 preterm infants who had low neonatal risk scores. Mean latencies for waves I and V were obtained from four age-groups, 33-34, 35-36, 37-38 and 39-40 weeks conceptional age. The results indicate that BERA is a valuable and reliable tool in assessment of auditory function in the preterm infant. Also for classification of abnormality it is recommended that 2 standard deviations from the mean latency of wave V be used. PMID- 7213202 TI - Assessment of functional integrity of brain stem auditory pathways by stimulus stress. AB - The effect of increasing the repetition rate of click stimuli on auditory brain stem responses has been studied in young subjects with normal hearing, in old people and in patients with multiple sclerosis. The most conspicuous effects have been observed in the amplitude of the responses, especially waves II and V, and in the value of the brain stem conduction time. Increased stimulation rates may serve as a method for the assessment of the functional status of the lower auditory pathways in diverse pathological conditions. PMID- 7213204 TI - Measurement of hearing loss in occupational noise-induced hearing loss. AB - Research on the hearing loss at 2 000 and 4 000 Hz which enabled us to estimate the loss at 3 000 Hz would appear to be the best measure of occupational noise induced hearing loss: this measure is the most specific and the most discriminating of the suggested formulas. Calculation of the social handicap must take into consideration the same frequencies and the probability of error of identification at the various levels of hearing impairment. Its coefficient is that of the disability in relation to total deafness. PMID- 7213205 TI - Theory and experiment in so-called pulse-interval pitch. AB - Moore [1980] has criticised the conclusions of Whitfield [1979] who used an alternating pulsatile stimulus [Seebeck, 1843], and found that the predominating interpulse intervals produced in a single auditory nerve fibre did not correspond to the perceived pitch. Moore's criticism depends on an assumption he makes that is not in fact borne out by the experiments. PMID- 7213206 TI - Heterophonic auditory adaptation to critical and noncritical bandwidths. AB - Auditory adaptation effects were measured for narrow bands of noise both within and outside of the critical band for 1 000 Hz. In keeping with previous research, a pure-tone condition resulted in more adaptation than any of the noise band conditions. However, as the noise bands were increased in width, a significant decrease in adaptation was observed, which is not in agreement with earlier findings. Adaptation results converted to theoretical auditory units show a trend which conforms to the Hood-Weiler model for loudness coding. PMID- 7213207 TI - Some systematic observations on monaural diplacusis. AB - Anomalies of monaural pitch perception, including pitch changes with level, roughness and beats, were mapped in the intensity-frequency plane by a listener using continuous-tone stimulation between approximately 1 900 and 2 750 Hz. A narrow region characterized by rapid threshold adaptation was also mapped between approximately 2 590 and 2 690 Hz. In the procedure used to localize the internally generated tones, which were interacting with the externally presented single tones to produce beats, the listener adjusted the frequency of a signal presented to this right ear so that the beat rate heard there was the same as a criterion beat rate produced by two external tones in his left ear. A plot in the intensity-frequency plane of adjustments for a constant-beat rate revealed a remarkable correspondence to the region of adaptation (between 2 590 and 2 690 Hz) in that the former curve was simply shifted in frequency away from the latter by an amount equal to the two-tone interval producing the beat rate. Thus, the locations of 'internal tones' correspond predictably to both the lower and upper frequency boundaries of the region of adaptation. Pitch changes, as a function of signal level, at frequencies below the region of adaptation were also investigated and appear to reflect a change from interaction to cessation of interaction between the signal and the region of adaptation. The locus of these pitch-related abnormalities, over a broad range of frequencies, points to interaction between that range and a smaller-frequency region where abrupt transitions in sensitivity occur. PMID- 7213208 TI - Temporal acuity in normal and hearing-impaired listeners. AB - Temporal acuity, defined as the minimum detectable gap in an otherwise continuous noise, was measured with an adaptive version of the two-alternative forced-choice task. For 6 normal listeners, the minimum duration detectable decreased from an average of 20.3 ms at a noise level of 30 dB SPL to 3.2 ms at 80 dB SPL. By comparison, the temporal acuity of 4 listeners with conductive hearing losses, 2 with otosclerosis, and 7 with sensorineural hearing losses, was poorer than that for normal listeners at equal sound pressure levels. At higher sound pressure levels, the acuity of those with conductive hearing losses or otosclerosis approached normal values, but the acuity for listeners with sensorineural hearing losses did not. PMID- 7213209 TI - Low-level acoustic reflex thresholds. AB - The acoustic reflex threshold can be detected at lower than normal sound pressure levels by means of facilitation. This procedure entails simultaneous presentation of a high-frequency facilitating tone at a level just below reflex threshold and a second reflex-eliciting tone. The second tone is reduced in intensity until no further reflex activity is observed. When hearing was normal, less signal intensity was needed to elicit the acoustic reflex when facilitation was used. There was a greater amount of reflex threshold improvement when the facilitating and eliciting tones were presented monotically. Sensorineural hearing loss allowed small or no reflex threshold change with facilitation. PMID- 7213210 TI - PB rollover and the acoustic reflex. AB - We present the results of a retrospective study of the speech understanding of 52 subjects with surgically confirmed acoustic neurinoma. Subjects were divided into three groups, depending on whether acoustic reflexes were all present, all absent, or present with abnormalities in the pathological ear. Results indicated that the three groups were homogeneous with respect to pure-tone sensitivity and PBmax. Subjects who lacked all acoustic reflexes, however, experienced significantly greater rollover of speech intelligibility at high intensities than did subjects with all or some reflexes intact. A neural-mechanical interaction is suggested as a basis for the rollover phenomenon in subjects with retrocochlear eight-nerve disorder. PMID- 7213211 TI - Influence of vibration on asymptotic threshold shift produced by impulse noise. AB - Monaural chinchillas were exposed for 10 days to one of these conditions: (1) whole-body vibration (30 Hz, 1 g rms acceleration); (2) impact noise (113 dB peak SPL 1/s) or (3) a combination of whole-body vibration and impact noise. Thresholds were monitored before, during and after the exposure using the auditory-evoked response or behavioral conditioning techniques. Vibration alone had essentially no effect on threshold. Exposure to impact noise produced a stable asymptotic level of threshold shift 2-8 h after exposure onset. The asymptotic threshold shift was roughly 35 and 43 dB SPL at 0.5 and 8.0 kHz, respectively. Exposure to impact noise plus vibration produced an asymptotic threshold shift at 0.5 and 8.0 kHz that was approximately 10 dB greater than noise alone. The combination group also showed greater permanent threshold shifts and greater hair cell losses than the group exposed only to impact noise. The results imply that impact noise and whole-body vibration, at levels commonly found in industrial settings, can interact to increase the susceptibility of the chinchilla cochlea to noise-induced hearing loss. PMID- 7213213 TI - Family crisis: an opportunity for growth. PMID- 7213212 TI - The child as a barometer of the family. PMID- 7213215 TI - General practice manpower: a working paper. PMID- 7213214 TI - Families in the eighties. PMID- 7213216 TI - Topical steroid preparations. The relationship between the clinical use and the formulation of the product base. PMID- 7213217 TI - Child and adolescent mortality trends in New South Wales. PMID- 7213218 TI - Advocacy for adolescents. PMID- 7213219 TI - Treatment of epistaxis. PMID- 7213220 TI - Unemployment and the mental health of adolescents. PMID- 7213221 TI - The management of hypertension in children. PMID- 7213222 TI - Leaving the nest growing away or going away? PMID- 7213223 TI - Home monitoring of diabetes. PMID- 7213224 TI - BM Test Glycemie 20-800. Blood glucose reagent strips. PMID- 7213226 TI - A private health centre for young people. PMID- 7213227 TI - New antidiarrhoeal agent. Lyspafen tablets. PMID- 7213225 TI - Haloperidol (Serenace) use in 'childhood dislocation anxiety'. PMID- 7213228 TI - Ovestin 1 mg for symptoms of menopause. PMID- 7213231 TI - Recurrent candida vulvovaginitis: 'toils and tears'. PMID- 7213229 TI - Instant billing systems: which one to buy? PMID- 7213230 TI - The management of vaginal discharges. PMID- 7213232 TI - The sense of sight. PMID- 7213233 TI - The sense of touch. PMID- 7213234 TI - The sense of hearing in medical diagnosis. PMID- 7213235 TI - The sense of smell. PMID- 7213236 TI - The sixth sense. PMID- 7213237 TI - Language for change. PMID- 7213238 TI - Stress: an uncertain diagnosis? PMID- 7213239 TI - The neurological examination: a screening procedure. PMID- 7213240 TI - Hard drug dependency: a human problem. PMID- 7213241 TI - In defence of old fashioned doctors. PMID- 7213242 TI - The doctor and the police. PMID- 7213243 TI - By the skin of your teeth. AB - Plaque Watchers is an organized community programme to educate, motivate and facilitate the acquisition of adequate personal oral health habits, particularly for children in schools. Working with other health providers and the help of industry, teachers, parents and the media, Project Supertooth resources (plaque tunnels, t-shirts, stickers, community service announcements in the media and oral health courses) should provide a significant step towards promoting dental health and prevention of dental disease in the community by controlling the 'skin of your teeth'. PMID- 7213244 TI - Removal of warts. PMID- 7213245 TI - Poverty in Australia: some unfinished business. PMID- 7213246 TI - Unemployment and its effects on the teenager. PMID- 7213247 TI - Adolescent sexuality. PMID- 7213248 TI - Some thoughts on pregnancy. PMID- 7213249 TI - Attitudes of medical practitioners towards abortion: a Queensland study. AB - Sixty-seven per cent of medical practitioners registered in Queensland responded to a survey on their attitudes to the laws relating to abortion and sterilization in that State. Of all respondents, 79 per cent wanted some degree of liberalization of abortion laws. Personal characteristics such as age, sex and religion practised (if any) were found to influence doctors' opinions. Practice characteristics also influenced opinions; general practitioners were more in favour of liberalization than were specialists, and self-employed doctors were more in favour than were doctors working in hospitals or other institutional settings. PMID- 7213250 TI - The effects of retirement. PMID- 7213251 TI - Disagreement between patient and doctor: implications for diagnosis and management. PMID- 7213252 TI - Varihesive and the treatment of chronic leg ulcers. PMID- 7213253 TI - Who accepts first aid training? AB - The percentage of individuals trained in first aid skills in the general community is inadequate. We report here a study to investigate factors which influence motivation to accept voluntary training in first aid. A group of 700 randomly selected owners of inground swimming pools (a parental high-risk group) was offered a course of formal first aid instruction. Nine per cent attended the offered training course. The time commitment involved in traditional courses (eight training nights spread over four weeks) is not a deterrent, the same percentage accepting such courses as that who accept a course of one night's instruction. Cost is an important deterrent factor, consumer resistance rising over 15 cost units (one cost unit = the price of a loaf of bread). The level of competent first aid training within the community can be raised by (a) keeping to traditional course content, but (b) by ensuring a higher acceptance rate of first aid courses by a new approach to publicity campaigns, to convince prospective students of the real worth of first aid training. Questions concerning who should be taught first aid, and factors influencing motivation, are discussed. PMID- 7213254 TI - Fractures of the upper limb. Part 2. AB - Fractures of the upper limb from the elbow downwards constitute the biggest group of bone injuries in both children and adults. The pattern of fractures sustained, however, varies between the two age groups as does the type of treatment required. It is not possible in an article of this type to consider all the different fractures which occur in the upper limb, and an attempt will be made to concentrate on those fractures where problems with diagnosis and treatment are prone to occur. PMID- 7213255 TI - Migrant and Australian born patients attending a suburban casualty service. AB - 761 patients were interviewed at a suburban hospital casualty department, to examine usage of the department and to define differences between migrants and non-migrants. Whilst differences in socio-economic grouping, duration of illness before presentation and command of English were noted, surprising similarities in private insurance rate and general practitioner usage were found. PMID- 7213256 TI - Measurement of blood pressure. PMID- 7213257 TI - The practical management of the otherwise fully sexually responsive woman who complains of inability to climax during intercourse. AB - Many women who can climax easily with their partner to direct clitoral stimulation are unable to reach orgasm during intercourse unless they receive supplementary manual clitoral stimulation. Such women frequently consult their physician for advice. This two-part article aims to provide clear practical guidelines to the management of this situation. PMID- 7213258 TI - Amino acid sequences containing cysteine or half-cystine residues in beta glucuronidase. AB - Amino acid analysis of oxidized or reduced and carboxymethylated beta glucuronidase have shown the presence of 24 cysteic acid or S carboxymethylcysteine residues respectively per mole of the tetrameric enzyme. Titration of sulfhydryl groups gave eight cysteine residues, and by difference 16 half-cystine residues per mole. Six peptides containing radiolabelled cysteine residues were isolated from pepsin and chymotrypsin digest of reduced and S carboxymethylated beta-glucuronidase by ion-exchange chromatography or gel filtration, followed by paper ionophoresis and paper chromatography. The peptides were analysed for amino acids and sequenced by the dansyl-Edman procedure. Peptides containing cysteic acid were selectively recovered from thermolysin digests of performic acid-oxidized glucuronidase. The amino acid sequences confirmed that there were only six different peptide sequences containing either cysteine or half-cystine residues in the tetrameric enzyme, supporting the presence of four identical subunits. These sequences wer: (A)-Val-Asx-Val-Ile-Cys Val-Asx-Ser-Tyr- (B)-Gly-Asx-Leu-Cys-Ser-Gly- (C)-Phe-Val-Val-Ile-Asx-Glx-Cys-Pro Gly-Val-Gly- (D)-Val-Val-Cys-Leu- (E)-Gln-Ser-Gly-Cys-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Tyr- (F) Cys-Asp-Arg-Tyr-Gly-Ile-Val-Val-. PMID- 7213260 TI - Acid and alkaline phosphatases in histologically defined areas of the sheep uterus and placenta: histochemical and microfluorometric analyses. AB - Acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied in different structures of the sheep uterus and placenta by semiquantitative histochemistry of frozen sections (days 10-80 of pregnancy) and quantitative microfluorometry of freeze-dried sections (days 10-145 of pregnancy). Histochemically, lowest activity for acid phosphatase was found in the uterine glands, but biochemically it was lowest in the maternal caruncles. Histochemical acid phosphatase activity in the uterine glands and maternal caruncles increased on day 80 of gestation; however, biochemically, the activity decreased in the glands but did not change in the maternal caruncles during pregnancy. Weak histochemical staining was found in the luminal epithelium on days 25 and 80 of gestation compared with other days, whereas biochemically the activity was high at these times. Histochemically, alkaline phosphatase activity in athe luminal epithelium, uterine glands and maternal caruncles was high and did not change during pregnancy. Fluorometrically, the activity decreased in the luminal epithelium but it increased in the uterine glands and maternal caruncles. Histochemical data showed higher alkaline phosphatase activity in the maternal caruncles and trophoblast than in the foetal cotyledons, but biochemically no activity was detected in the trophoblast and foetal cotyledons. PMID- 7213259 TI - Behaviour and properties of membrane-bound mouse uterine alkaline phosphatase during early pregnancy. AB - Most of the alkaline phosphatase activity in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy was found to be membrane-bound and was associated with particulate material when homogenates were centrifuged at 105 000 g. The activity of the enzyme increased in both the particulate and cytosol fractions of uterine homogenates during early pregnancy to reach maximum values on day 7 of pregnancy. Studies of the enzyme in its membrane-bound and cytosolic forms before and after solubilization with Triton X-100, and n-butanol failed to detect any evidence that the membrane microenvironment or membrane are deeply buried within the membranes of uterine cells. Thus, the properties of the enzyme in response to amino acids, inhibitors, and Mg2+ and Zn2+, and changes in pH, substrate concentration and temperature were essentially unaltered when the phosphatase was present in a membrane-bound or cytosolic form, or when fractions were treated with Triton X-100 and n-butanol. Solubilized preparations of the enzyme from particulate and cytosol fractions of uterine homogenates displayed zones of activity with similar anodal migration rates during electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes suggesting that the cytosolic activity may arise from particulate material during homogenization of the tissue. Several amino acids stimulated the activity of the phosphatase while cysteine, histidine, homoarginine, Na2HPO4 and 4-(p-aminophenylazo)phenylarsonic acid were inhibitory. In addition, Km values for the enzyme from all uterine fractions hydrolysing p nitrophenyl phosphate were temperature-dependent. PMID- 7213261 TI - Investigations of ultradian and circadian rhythms in the concentration of cortisol and prolactin in the plasma of dairy cattle. AB - This experiment analysed the circadian and ultradian pattern of secretion of cortisol and prolactin in cattle, and from this a meaningful sampling technique for these hormones has been suggested. Two Friesian and two Jersey heifers, non pregnant and 18 months of age, were bled (2 ml blood) every 10 min for 24 h via an indwelling jugular cannula inserted 6 h before sampling commenced. The concentration of cortisol in plasma showed an ultradian rhythm with an amplitude of approximately 30 ng/ml and a frequency of about 0.6 cycles/h. Elimination of the ultradian component of variation, by taking the mean of the rolling means (last three values) for individual heifers, indicated a diurnal variation in cortisol concentration which was high between midnight and midmorning and low in the afternoon. There were frequent sporadic "bursts' of prolactin secretion but these were inconsistent. There was no evidence of diurnal variation in prolactin concentration, or of a temporal relationship between cortisol and prolactin secretion. PMID- 7213262 TI - Human responses to repeated high G stimulated aerial combat maneuvers. AB - Five subjects wearing standard USAF anti-G suits and seated at a 65 degrees back angle were exposed to a simulated aerial combat maneuver (SACM) which was repeated 5 times with 4-min 1-G rests between each SACM exposure. The SACM was 122 s in duration with 10 s acceleration peaks of 10, 8, and 6 G; between these peaks, the subject was at 4 G for 15 s. This series of repeated SACM exposure fatigued four of the five subjects. Heart rate and rhythm, arterial oxygen saturation, expired gases, lactate, pyruvate, glucose, CPK enzymes and isoenzymes, blood volume, subjective fatigue measurements, and subject performance were examined relative to the development of fatigue, the energy cost of the M-1, and tolerance to the SACM. All physiologic-metabolic parameters were significantly affected by the repeated SACMs. However, only heart rate changes appeared to be correlated with developing fatigue. A significant amount of energy is required to perform the M-1. Subjects whose energy-metabolic and cardiovascular states are least disturbed by high G exposure are those persons who will perform best and become least fatigued during repeated aerial combat maneuvers. PMID- 7213263 TI - Comparisons of performance effectiveness among divers. AB - Using a criterion of performance effectiveness derived from actual dives made under operational conditions, comparisons were made between U.S. Navy divers identified as high and low in performance effectiveness. Comparison measures included intelligence, anxiety, disciplinary problems, and incidence of decompression sickness (DCS). As expected, the most effective divers made more frequent and more hazardous dives than the least effective divers. In addition they had fewer diving accidents and a lower incidence of DCS. While the most effective divers had lower intelligence scores than the least effective group, both groups were substantially above the Navy average. These findings indicate that intelligence appears to be a critical variable in the career retention of divers, as well as the frequency and types of dives to which divers are exposed. The higher incidence of diving accidents and complications, especially DCS, found among the least effective divers may also have been involved in the lower frequency of diving observed among the members of this group. PMID- 7213264 TI - The importance of myocardial perfusion in the pathogenesis of the cardiac pathology associated with +Gz exposure in miniature swine. AB - Minor cardiomyopathy has been associated with exposure of miniature swine to levels of high sustained +Gz which can be attained routinely in new USAF high performance aircraft. One possible cause of these lesions is total or regional myocardial ischemia. To test this hypothesis, regional coronary blood flow was measured with the radiolabeled microsphere technique in chronically instrumented miniature swine during 60-s exposures to +3Gz, +5Gz, or +7Gz. Acceleration exposure resulted in detectable left ventricular subendocardial hemorrhage in 1 of 5 animals exposed to +3Gz, in 7 of 8 animals exposed to +5Gz and in all 8 animals exposed to +7Gz. All levels of +Gz stress caused 2-3 fold increases in coronary blood flow. The regional distribution of coronary blood flow during +Gz was similar to that under resting control conditions as long as aortic diastolic pressure was maintained. There was no clear evidence of total or regional myocardial ischemia during +Gz or of any relationship between regional coronary blood flow and the presence of subendocardial hemorrhage. It is concluded that myocardial ischemia is not a primary factor in the pathogenesis of the cardiac lesions associated with the exposure of miniature swine to +Gz stress. PMID- 7213265 TI - Orthostatic responses in heat tolerant and intolerant subjects compared by three different methods. AB - The orthostatic responses of 10 heat tolerant and five intolerant subjects were evaluated by three different test methods--standing, head-up tilt (HUT), and head up tilt after prolonged exercise (HUTPE)--in a hot environment of 40 degrees C, 40% RH. No difference was found within the normal group between responses in the standing and HUT test. In the HUTPE test, orthostatic responses were inadequate and 5 of 10 subjects fainted. The heat intolerant subjects reacted to all three tests similarly to the normal group, though their heart rate was higher and 3 out of 5 fainted at an earlier phase in the HUTPE test. PMID- 7213266 TI - Long-term follow-up of Skylab bone demineralization. AB - The os calcis mineral was measured in the nine Skylab crew members and in eight control subjects, 5 years after the Skylab Program, utilizing a photon absorptiometric technique. These measurements were compared with preflight measurements in an attempt to discover any long-term effects of space flight on the skeletal system. A statistically significant loss of bone mineral was found in the crew members who flew, but caution is urged in the interpretation of this difference. A recommendation to continue studies of this type is made. PMID- 7213267 TI - A comparison between freon and acetylene rebreathing for measuring cardiac output. AB - Cardiac output (CO) was measured in 10 young, healthy male subjects during rest and submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer by rebreathing a 2.0-2.8 l (ATPS) gas mixture of acetylene (0.7-1.2%), freon-22 (3-4.2%), argon (6-7%), and oxygen (ca. 40%) in nitrogen. End tidal gas fractions were measured by a mass spectrometer. Argon was used as an inert, insoluble gas for corrections of end tidal acetylene-, freon-, and oxygen fractions. The acetylene results corresponded to cardiac outputs found in literature (6.06 +/- 0.20 l/min, at rest and 15.05 +/- 0.44 l/min at 150 W). The freon values followed those of acetylene but were systematically lower by 0.74 l/min at rest and 1.20 l/min at 150 W. A forced respiratory rate (30-32/min) increased CO and VO2 during rebreathing at rest and lower exercise levels, while a spontaneous respiratory rate (14/min at rest and 22/min at 150 W) did not change VO2 during rebreathing compared to Douglas measurements at steady state. We conclude that freon can be used as the inert, soluble gas in the rebreathing procedure and recommend a spontaneous respiratory rate. PMID- 7213268 TI - Fitness variables and the lipid profile in United States astronauts. AB - The study examines the relationship between several measures of fitness and the lipid profile in United States astronauts. Data were collected on 89 astronauts, previously selected (PSA) and newly selected (NSA), during their annual physical examinations. Several similarities were seen in the two groups. The PSA (mean age of 46.1) had a lower maximum VO2 (41.7 ml . mg . min-1 vs. 47.5 ml . kg . min-1); when adjusted for age, it was no different from the NSA (mean age 33.5). The PSA had similar body composition with 15.7%--lower than expected for age. The lipid profiles of the two groups were basically the same with the differences being a function of age. Compared to a normative population, the astronauts had similar cholesterols, lower triglycerides, and higher HDLs. The astronaut profiles were generally more favorable than the age-matched controls, which is felt to be a result of the self-supervised conditioning program and annual preventive medicine consultation and education. PMID- 7213269 TI - Effects of whole-body vibration on spinal reflexes in man. AB - Recent studies have described sensory-motor function alterations resulting from vibrations applied to various parts of the body. The present work describes the effects produced at the myotatic loop level by long-term vibration. Hoffmann and Tendon reflexes as well as tendon vibration response were substantially depressed by 18 Hz, +/- 0.25 G vibration applied to the whole body or to the legs of seated human subjects. The reflex inhibition lasted throughout the 15-min vibration period and persisted minutes after stimulus cessation. In contrast, vibration limited to the S's head and trunk showed much weaker effects. This suggests that the vibration acts mainly upon extero- and proprioceptive receptors rather than upon the vestibular organs. The results are discussed in relation to findings derived from experiments involving locally applied short-duration vibration. PMID- 7213270 TI - Blood pressure and oxygenation in different cardiovascular compartments of a normal man during postural exposures. PMID- 7213271 TI - Exposure to radio-frequency radiation from an aircraft radar unit. AB - Two airmen exposed to radio-frequency radiation 38 times above the Air Force permissible exposure level were medically evaluated for physical effects from exposure. Initial anxiety and hypertension were found, but these problems resolved with therapy. This case is reported with the hope that further research will be undertaken to understand the behavioral effects of radar beams on exposed aircrew or ground personnel. PMID- 7213272 TI - Stress and adaptation: the interaction of the pilot personality and disease. AB - This paper provides a descriptive backdrop for the assessment of the pilot in distress. Adaptation and stress are defined as the central paradigms for looking at behavior. Reference is made to works of Selye, Canon, and Holmes and Rahe. The normal pilot personality is presented as a particular example of unique stressors and adaptive requirements. Stress and adaptation are applied to understanding the phases of illness. The four perspectives necessary to the assessment of illness are described (biological, personality, sociocultural, and symbolic). Case examples illustrate the application of these perspectives to the assessment of the flyer. PMID- 7213273 TI - Detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic aircrew members with thallium-201 scintigraphy. AB - Thallium-201 exercise myocardial perfusion scintigraphy was accomplished in 130 aircrew members prior to their undergoing coronary angiography. Most were undergoing cardiac catheterization for an abnormal exercise response to treadmill testing. Of these, 22 men had arteriographic evidence of obstructive coronary disease of at least 50% narrowing in a single vessel. All had abnormal myocardial scintigrams. There were 12 other aviators who had minimal degrees of coronary artery disease with lesions less than 50% as the maximum degree of obstruction. Of these, 8 had abnormal thallium scans showing a perfusion defect in the area of the myocardium, presumably supplied by the diseased coronary artery. Of the 96 men with normal angiograms, only 4 had abnormal myocardial scintigraphy. An abnormal myocardial scintigram was often associated with significant obstructive disease. A normal scan accurately ruled out the presence of high-grade obstructive lesions and missed only four cases of minimal coronary disease. The application of gated thallium myocardial perfusion scans in the practice of aerospace cardiology has important significant applications for followup of therapeutic modalities as well as screening for evidence of myocardial ischemia in apparently healthy aircrew members. PMID- 7213274 TI - Medical coordination in airport disasters. AB - The goals of an Airport Disaster Plan includes the care, treatment and transportation of the wounded with the quality and quantity of care that minimizes the mortality and morbidity of the survivors of a crash. Coordination of the medical aspects of these plans requires participation by physicians, nurses, ambulance and hospital personnel, psychologists, and psychiatrists. To maintain these divers groups in a state of readiness for a potential disaster which may have a frequency of 5-20 years is a challenging problem. This paper addresses methods of accomplishing this goal. PMID- 7213275 TI - Developing an emergency medical disaster plan for an airport. AB - The development of the Emergency Medical Disaster Plan for Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport as a model for other major hub airports is discussed. Conformance with federal regulations and the need to closely coordinate activities with both on-airport personnel and off-airport facilities are considered and incorporated into the plan. Manpower sources are reviewed and methods are developed for the efficient handling and treatment of disaster victims. Essential services for an emergency are categorized and their responsibilities designated. Centers of control for support personnel and vehicles are established. Consideration is also given to the special requirements of friends and relatives of the victims and of the news media. Conducting disaster drills as a means to evaluate and improve the basis plan is also examined. PMID- 7213276 TI - Mobilization of trauma teams for aircraft disasters. AB - With more survivors of air crashes involving jumbo jets, an improved plan for life-saving emergency care at the crash site is discussed. The concept of airlifting predesignated Trauma Teams to the crash site from large medical centers within a radius of 100 miles is discussed. The "work-shop" for these teams is described in detail, providing an operating and intensive care facility at the scene of the disaster. It is shown how this kind of planning can be applied to natural disasters with multiple casualties as well as to airport disasters. PMID- 7213277 TI - Passenger survival in wide-bodied jet aircraft accidents vs. other aircraft: a comparison. AB - An analysis of survival of passengers involved in accidents over the last decade shows approximately three time fewer fatalities, in proportion to the number of passengers involved, in wide-bodied jets than in piston aircraft. Various factors affecting the improved survival rates are discussed. Application of these points with particular reference to airport disaster planning is made. It is shown that there are larger numbers of survivors when life-saving emergency treatment utilizes the concept of "bringing the hospital to the disaster." Details of the Mobile Emergency Hospital developed at Kennedy International Airport are described. PMID- 7213278 TI - Aviation-related decompression sickness. PMID- 7213279 TI - Long-term follow-up of lung volume measurements in initially healthy young aviators. AB - Lung volume measurements on a large number of initially healthy young military aviators (the U.S. Navy's "1000 Aviator" cohort) were recorded periodically in follow-up from 1940-69. Vital capacities were measured spirometrically and total lung capacities were measured planimetrically from chest roentgenograms. Residual volumes were calculated by subtracting the vital capacity from the total lung capacity in each subject. Additional variables available for analysis were cigarette smoking histories, family histories, aviation career patterns, pulmonary symptoms, cardiac disease diagnoses, and anthropometric measurements. Multiple linear regression techniques were used on these variables to construct prediction equations for each lung volume in 1969. From these longitudinal analyses, cigarette smoking and pulmonary symptoms were found to be associated with an "obstructive lung volume pattern in 1969, while coronary artery disease and weight gain were found to be associated with a "restrictive" lung volume pattern in 1969. A career in military aviation had no significant association with lung volumes. PMID- 7213280 TI - Response to transient haemorrhage after acute and chronic section of the carotid sinus nerves. AB - Adaptation to denervation of the carotid sinus region was studied on cats during hypotension induced by a controlled haemorrhage. After denervation, the fall in arterial pressure in response to haemorrhage was increased, but rhe partial recovery of blood pressure was preserved. In chronic animals, this pattern of response was also seen, but a resting hypertension developed and ensured that the minimal blood pressure and the recovery reached during the haemorrhage were similar to those of intact animals. The studies suggest that the primary role of the carotid receptors is to minimize the effect of stresses which lead to hypotension, rather than to set the level of the resting blood pressure. PMID- 7213281 TI - Cardiovascular and biochemical response to simulated space flight entry. AB - Twelve men and 12 women were exposed to two types of short-duration (6 h) space flight entry simulation: bedrest (no head-down tilt) and water immersion (to the neck). Preceding and following the simulation, orthostatic tolerance testing using LBNP (Lower Body Negative Pressure) was performed. Male LBNP tolerance was greater than female LBNP tolerance at all four comparison points (pre- and post bedrest, pre- and post-water immersion); whereas the short-duration bedrest reduces female LBNP tolerance about as effectively as water immersion, only water immersion leads to marked LBNP intolerance in the male subjects. If the water immersion model simulates zero G, loss of male and female orthostatic tolerance will be about equal after short-duration space flight. On the other hand, the bedrest simulation would indicate a greater loss of orthostatic tolerance for females. PMID- 7213282 TI - Dopaminergic agonists and conditioned avoidance response in normoxic or hypoxic rats. AB - The actions of four dopaminergic agonists (apomorphine, bromocriptine, amantadine, piribedil) on a conditioned avoidance response were studied in normoxic or hypobaric hypoxic rats. Low doses of agonists have no effects on normoxia, but induce an antihypoxic protection (improvement of learning both in normoxia and hypobaric hypoxia. The possibility of an antihypoxic property induced by dopaminergic post-synaptic receptors stimulation is discussed and seems to be the main receptors stimulation is discussed and seems to be the main phenomenon while action or other non-specific sites seems to be responsible for the high dose-induced impairment of learning and of resistance to hypoxia. PMID- 7213283 TI - Postmortem coronary atherosclerosis findings in general aviation accident pilot fatalities: 1975-77. AB - The autopsies of 764 pilots involved in fatal general aviation accidents during the years 1975-77 were reviewed to appraise the age specific prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis among the autopsied group. Of the pilots killed in aircraft accidents and autopsied during 1975-77, 51% were found to have some degree of coronary atherosclerosis ranging from minimal to severe. However, only about 5% of the autopsied group were categorized as having severe coronary atherosclerosis. The rate per 1,000 of severe coronary atherosclerosis increased with age from 14.5 for ages less than 30, to 89.9 for ages 50 years and above; the rate nearly tripled from ages 30-39 to 40-49 (22.1 to 63.6). The prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis among this group of autopsied airmen is less than would have been expected based on the results of other recent studies. PMID- 7213284 TI - Effect of body supination angle on subjective response to whole-body vibration. AB - Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the subjective symptomatology associated with various combinations of supination angle and vibration spectral composition. Sinusoidal, sum-of-sine, and random vibration were used in the first, second and third experiments, respectively. All exposure periods were 40 s and the supination angle was varied from 13-65 degrees. Subjective response was evaluated by means of a physical symptom survey incorporating a discomfort rating scale. For all three experiments, the results indicated a primary effect of supination angle was to shift the vibration-induced sensations across body regions. Small angles (nearly seated upright) were most often associated with stomach, abdomen, and head discomfort; large angles were most often associated with upper back, neck, and sacral discomfort. With respect to the calculated total-body response, results indicated a preference for the 30 degree supination angle for both complex vibration spectrums used and for all three sinusoidal frequencies. This findings suggests the existence of an optimal supination angle for comfort under vibration. PMID- 7213285 TI - Brain/computer communication to reduce human error: a perspective. AB - Recent developments in physiology and neurophysiology, biomedical monitoring, and micro-processors has made it possible to give the pilot improved electronic support and to increase flight safety. Direct brain/computer communication is a new way to combat human error. Monitoring ECG will give information on the operator's physical and mental load/overload situation as well as on impending cardiac failure. Information presented to the operator will elicit different biological patterns whether the operator is alert and takes the information into his stream of thoughts or not. Together with the reaction time, this wil give needed information about the operators alertness and responsiveness. In the future, with this approach, the computer may know on-line to what extent the operator perceives all the information given, as well as the operator's physical and mental load/overload situation and health. Brain/computer communication should be developed to support key-operating personnel and to reduce human error. PMID- 7213286 TI - Antidiuretic hormone excretion at high altitude. AB - Urinary excretion of electrolytes, creatinine, urea, and antidiuretic hormone- measured as arginine vasopressin (AVP) by radioimmunoassay--was investigated in eight Himalayan mountaineers during ascent on foot from 1900- 5400 m. Specimens were collected from each individual whenever urine was voided, preserved with 1% boric acid, and subsequently pooled to give samples representative of 24-h collections. AVP was found to be reasonably stable under simulated conditions of storage. In all subjects, the observed AVP excretion rates were mostly in the lower region of the normal range and there was generally no correlation with altitude, urine osmolality, electrolyte excretion, or occurrence of AMS symptoms- even in a fatal case of cerebral oedema. It is concluded that AVP does not play a primary role in the changes in fluid balance which accompany either acclimatization to high altitude or the onset of AMS. PMID- 7213287 TI - 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and night vision. AB - Recovery of night vision at altitude has been examined in relationship to changes of 2,3,diphosphoglycerate (DPG). It appears that, if DPG influences night adaptation, its effect is small. Inter-individual variability is large, both in terms of DPG and performance on the MESOP, the device used to measure dark adaptation. PMID- 7213288 TI - The physician's determination of personnel reliability in sensitive occupations. AB - The Air Force Medical Officer through AFR 35-99 (Personnel Reliability Program) is responsible for the medical evaluation, psychological assessment, and surveillance of persons who will work in sensitive occupations. This paper addresses various personality factors which indicate poor personnel reliability and suggest an interviewing technique of open-ended questions and developmental history assessment to help determine reliability. Once a person is selected into a Personnel Reliability Program, the physician must be alert to the importance of social stress on personnel reliability and performance. PMID- 7213289 TI - Nursing peer review: a survey of flight nurse section members. AB - Thirty Flight Nurse Section attendees at the 1980 AsMA meeting participated in a survey regarding nursing peer review. Respondents were middle-to-senior level nurses with a mean age of 39.8 +/- 8.13 years, and mean military grade of Major. While not representative of a broad spectrum of nurses, the responses have great value. Demographic and peer review data are presented, followed by a discussion of findings and recommendations. PMID- 7213290 TI - Death and injury in aerial spraying: pre-crash, crash, and post-crash prevention strategies. AB - To prevent crash-related death and injury among spray pilots, a program including pre-crash, crash and post-crash stages of intervention for aircraft, physical environment, and pilots and ground crews was proposed in accordance with a matrix of options derived from road crash epidemiology. In addition to the dangers of fixed obstacles, low-altitude runs, and heavy work schedules, work hazards included combined exposures to noise, vibration, G forces, heat stress, pesticides, and dehydration. Together, these exposures were believed to have produced slight, but crucial decreases in pilot performance, alertness and skill. For aircraft, the major pre-crash measure was cockpit air cooling, with filter technologies to prevent in-flight pesticide exposure. Crash and post-crash design changes to reduce energy transfers to the pilot's body (thermal, kinetic) were the most important recommendations, because absolute prevention of the crash event was unlikely. For the environment, pre-crash recommendations included marking fixed obstacles, such as power and telephone lines, but preferably their elimination. Other measures included drainage pits with sodium hydroxide points to neutralize parathion and prevent dispersion of parathion-containing mists. Pilot pre-crash measures (more fluid intake, biological monitoring--EMG, urinary alkyl phosphate, cholinesterase testing) required special organizational arrangements. Systematic application of options from the foregoing matrix suggest that the high risk of death and injury from aerial spraying is unnecessary. PMID- 7213291 TI - Intercontinental travel and its effect on pre-existing illnesses. AB - Over 12,000 European air passengers were interviewed as to whether the status of any pre-existing illness changed as a result of their vacation in the tropics or in North America (United States or Canada). Of the travelers to tropical destinations, 1.6% reported their disease had improved, which significantly exceeded the rate of 0.5% in visitors to North America, mainly due to a more favourable influence in chronic respiratory tract infections and chronic rheumatologic impairment. Aggravation of pre-existing disease occurred in 0.9 and 0.7%, respectively, of the travelers in the two groups and was only rarely severe. In the tropics, patients below the age of 30 and those who suffered from digestive problems were most frequently adversely affected. PMID- 7213292 TI - Relationships between U.S. Navy carrier landing accidents and flight experience parameters. AB - Carrier arrested landing activity of all aviators flying naval attack and fighter aircraft were analized with aircraft accident data to determine whether statistical relationships exist between lifetime and recent experience variables, and accident liability. The results demonstrate that accident potential, though not statistically related to carrier landings in 30-d periods, is significantly correlated with lifetime experience and with landing activity in 7-d periods. The highest accident rates are associated with minimal amounts of total carrier experience. Moreover, accident liability for inexperience carrier aviators is lowest if number of landings in 7-d periods are high. PMID- 7213293 TI - The effects of tobacco on aviation safety. AB - In 1976, the Federal Aviation Administration was petitioned to issue regulations that would prohibit all smoking in the cockpit during commercial flight operations and prohibit preflight smoking by flight crewmembers within 8 h before commercial flight operations. A review of the literature was conducted to determine the effects on pilot performance of carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine, and smoking withdrawal. The records of 2,660 fatal general aviation aircraft accidents in 1973-1976 have been examined. Smoking was not identified as a causal factor but may have contributed to the cause of some of these accidents. However, the compound factors that were often found and the dire consequences are far less likely to occur in air commerce operations. For some, withdrawal symptoms may occur and more than offset any benefits to aviation safety that are claimed for a ban on preflight and in-flight smoking. PMID- 7213294 TI - Temporary heat intolerance in a heatstroke patient. AB - A case history of recurrent heatstroke is presented. The first heatstroke was incurred during strenuous exercise following acute gastroenteritis; the second heatstroke happened 1 month later during a march in hot climatic conditions. Two heat tolerance tests were performed. On the first, 1 month after the second incidence, an intolerance to heat was observed which, on the second test 5 months after the incidence, had disappeared. It is proposed that acute intercurrent illness and heatstroke in itself cause temporary susceptibility to exercise in heat, and that every heatstroke patient should be examined to determine the efficiency of his thermoregulatory mechanisms. PMID- 7213295 TI - Biofeedback rehabilitation of airsick aircrew. AB - The biofeedback treatment of 20 aircrew, disabled by chronic severe airsickness, is reported. The USAF School of Aerospace Medicine (SAM) Airsick Rehabilitation Program requires careful selection to insure high motivation and thorough medical screening to rule out intercurrent medically disqualifying conditions. Patients are trained in relaxation techniques and placed in a modified Barany chair, capable of tilting as well as rotating. Psychological responses to motion stimulation are constantly monitored by both patient and investigators. Motion sickness is provoked, which the patient learns to control and abort through exercising autonomic control. Of 19 eligible, 16 have been returned to fully flying duties. PMID- 7213296 TI - Vertigo of dental origin: case reports. AB - Vertigo, a symptom whose aetiology and pathogenesis is often obscure, may abe caused by locally asymptomatic pathology (e.g. periapical granuloma, residual infection) in the mandible and maxillae. Three cases are presented where the confirmatory compression sign, previously described by Eidelman (1), was found to be positive. Removal of the suspected dental pathology resulted in rapid and permanent cure. These findings should be of interest in aviation medicine where vertigo is an important and sometimes extremely dangerous symptom. PMID- 7213297 TI - Evaluation of the Cavitron Spirometric Computer for accuracy in clinical screening spirometry. AB - Ten healthy male cardiopulmonary technicians, 10 aircrew members, and 10 patients performed a series of pulmonary function studies to compare the Cavitron Spirometric Computer to the conventional water-sealed Collins 13.5-/spirometer. A total of 50 studies were performed on the spirometers individually and then with the spirometers linked in-line. The Cavitron FVC averaged 6% less, the FEV1--7% less, and the FEF 25-75%--11.6% less than comparable measurements from the Collins spirometer. Since these difference are within the suggested guidelines for screening studies, the Cavitron Spirometric Computer is acceptable for use in clinical screening spirometry. PMID- 7213298 TI - Neck muscle resistance to head impact. AB - The role of neck muscles in the body's response to the "whiplash" type of motion which occurs during frontal impact has been studied. This type of motion was simulated by a sudden backward pull of a subject's head. Head and neck response to low-level acceleration has been researched by recording the externally applied force, the head accelerations in the median sagittal plane, and the electrical activity in the sternomastoid muscle (EMG) as functions of time. The resultant acceleration-time curve and recorded EMG have been analyzed, with numerical values of applied resistance to the external force recorded. An analog computer model was built incorporating resistance developed by two main variable: 1) the elasticity coefficient; 2) the active damping factor. Together these two variables, combined with a resistance function, enable us to measure the resistance of the head/neck response. Using this model, variations in magnitude of these two components were studied under six varying conditions of impact: 1) length of warning time; 2) type of instruction given to the subject; 3) amount of previous experience on the part of the subject in similar situations; 4) anticipation of impact by the subject; 5) magnitude and kind of impact; 6) presence or absence of a preload. PMID- 7213299 TI - Metabolic responses of resting man immersed in 25.5 degrees C and 33 degrees C water. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the hormonal responses to disabling hypothermia as a result of cold water immersion. Thermally unprotected male divers trained by the U.S. Navy were subjected to total body immersion in water at 25.5 degrees C and 33 degrees C. Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol were measured. Other variables monitored included oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, minute ventilation, and rectal temperature. Immersion without cold stress caused suppression of plasma epinephrine without affecting plasma norepinephrine. Cold stress combined with immersion caused a significant increase in plasma norepinephrine in the absence of other indicators of a generalized stress reaction. The degree of chilling seen in this study will produce disabling hypothermia within 1-2 h and may be shown initially only by an increase in plasma norepinephrine. PMID- 7213300 TI - Fatal light aircraft accidents in Papua New Guinea. AB - The number of light aircraft (less than 5,700) in the developing world is small compared to those in the West, and little information on aviation accidents is readily available from developing countries. Papua New Guinea, enjoys a priviledged position, since aviation was introduced early and much of the country was opened through flying. During the period of Australian trusteeship until independence in 1975, the Australian Department of Transport applied its own rigorous standards to aviation in Papua New Guinea, a policy continued by the present Civil Aviation Agency. As a result of tight supervisory controls, accurate statistics on accidents are available, from which comparisons with other countries can be made. A study has been made of fatal light aircraft accidents in Papua New Guinea. Some of the Medical problems involved in accident prevention in a developing country are discussed. PMID- 7213301 TI - Genetic analysis of tolerance to ethanol hypothermia in recombinant inbred mice: effect of desglycinamide(9)-Arginine(8)-vasopressin. AB - The hypothermic effect of ethanol, tolerance to ethanol hypothermia, and the effect of desglycinamide(9)-Arginine(8)-vasopressin dicitrate (DGAVP) on ethanol hypothermic tolerance were investigated in Bailey's Recombinant Inbred strains of mice. Strains differed markedly in baseline temperatures and initial sensitivity to ethanol. There were no significant strain differences in tolerance. DGAVP attenuated the strain differences in initial sensitivity to ethanol and blocked tolerance development. These effects were accompanied by changes in the pattern of genetic control. PMID- 7213302 TI - Approachability of bovine cattle in pastures; breed comparisons and a breed x treatment analysis. AB - Bovine cattle from various parts of the world were studied in a physically and culturally homogeneous environment. The animals' approachability by a human in open pastures was associated with breed differences. Dairy breeds were more approachable than beef breed, while a comparison between European (Bos taurus) and humpbacked (B. indicus) stock yielded equivocal results. Raising dairy breeds for meat and raising beef breeds as milch cows had little overall effect on their approachability. Genetic affiliation was a much more powerful variable than treatment. Under ordinary rearing conditions within a particular ethnoenvironmental medium, it would appear that approachability is a relatively stable property of cattle breeds. PMID- 7213304 TI - Level and shape of sequences of motor behavior in inbred and hybrid mice. AB - Three-hundred seventy-five mice of six inbred strains and their F1 hybrid crosses were observed in a barrier apparatus. Frequencies of jumping over barriers were recorded at each of ten 30-sec intervals. Graphs plotted of mean jumps at each time point show several F1 curves with an apparently adaptive pattern: low frequencies of jumps at start, gradually rising, then leveling off. Nine out of 15 F1 curves also show evidence of heterosis: jumping frequencies of hybrids exceed those of parent strains. Lack of heterosis was peculiar to crosses in which C57BL/6 was one of the parents. A coefficient of convexity C was developed to quantify the shapes of the temporal patterns of proportions of animals engaged in jumping at a given point in the sequence. F1 curves (unlike inbred strains) were found, on the whole, to be negatively convex. PMID- 7213303 TI - Familial resemblance for the Identical Blocks Test of spatial ability: no evidence for X linkage. AB - The Identical Blocks Test of spatial ability was administered to subsamples of the two largest ethnic groups tested in the Hawaii Family Study of Cognition- Americans of European ancestry (171 families) and Americans of Japanese ancestry (98 families). Results of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis of family data and correlational analyses provided no evidence to support the hypothesis that spatial ability is influenced by a major, X-linked, recessive gene. Thus it appears that recent failures to replicate the sex-linkage pattern obtained by Stafford (1961) are not due to differences in the tests employed. We suggest that alternative explanations should be sought for the well-known sex difference in spatial ability. PMID- 7213305 TI - Population genetic analysis of human hand preference: evidence for generation differences, familial resemblance, and maternal effects. AB - Hand preference data were collected from 2818 subjects in 616 families using an adapted version of the Edinburgh Inventory. Population genetic analysis of these data and those from previous population studies, altogether encompassing 38,505 subjects in 8572 families, reveals evidence for generation differences, familial resemblance, and maternal effects. PMID- 7213307 TI - Sex effect on the risk of mental retardation. PMID- 7213306 TI - Family resemblances in serum uric acid level. AB - There is substantial relation between individuals serum uric acid level and their heights and weights. Even when the association of uric acid level with height/weight is partialed out, significant resemblances in uric acid level are found between biologically related persons (parents and offspring; siblings) but not between spouses. When the association of height/weight is partialed out, uric acid level does not have a significant association with measures of cognitive ability or with educational or occupational attainment. PMID- 7213308 TI - Family patterns in four dimensions of lateral preference. AB - Hand, eye, foot, and ear preference were examined in a sample of 459 biologically related parent-offspring triads and 434 sibling pairs. Intercorrelations were computed using the side of preference as the dependent variables and then again using the absolute strength of the displayed preference irrespective of side. The directional analyses did not show strong patterns of familial similarities; however, relatives did tend to resemble each other in the degree of lateralization manifested. Maternal and paternal resemblance to offspring vary over the four indices of laterality, and there are some suggestions of sex specific interactions. These results imply that genetic influence may operate to affect the degree of expressed preference, while the side of preference may not be genetically encoded. These findings also suggest that lateral preferences for limb and sense organ may not be due to a single causal mechanism. PMID- 7213309 TI - Variation in courtship sounds among three geographical strains of Drosophila mercatorum. AB - Sound recordings of courtship in Drosophila mercatorum were analyzed with an oscilloscope. Sounds in this species consist of two kinds of pulses, referred to as the A and B sounds, respectively. These differ from each other in their oscilloscope pattern and in the behavior accompanying them. A comparative study of three strains from widely separated geographical regions (New York, El Salvador, and Hawaii) revealed significant differences among strains in the interpulse interval (ipi) of the A sound. The ipi of the B sound increased as it proceeded for New York and Hawaii males but not for males from El Salvador. These characteristics may influence mating success in interstrain crosses. The present results suggest that the first steps toward divergence in the nature of the sound are quantitative; this may affect the response threshold of the female. Genetic systems responsible for female receptivity may have been independently developed in the two sexes. PMID- 7213310 TI - Sexual isolation among widely distributed populations of Drosophila immigrans. AB - Six strains of the cosmopolitan species D. immigrans from the Australian life zone plus one from the USA, show weak sexual isolation and more rarely sexual selection. Levels of sexual isolation cannot be related to geographic distances. Assortative mating may have evolved as a byproduct of ecological divergence. PMID- 7213311 TI - Comparison of parent-offspring resemblance for specific cognitive abilities. AB - A battery of cognitive ability tests identical to that used in the Hawaii Family Study was administered to a set of Caucasian families who participated in the Boulder Family Study. Resemblances between parents and offspring were compared with those from the Hawaii, Korean, and other recent family studies, using the same cognitive tests. Estimates from these studies indicate that values for parent-offspring resemblance are nonzero and fall around the midrange of possible values. PMID- 7213313 TI - Mutational changes in the courtship activity of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) after X-irradiation. AB - The courtship activity of male F2 descendants of irradiated and control guppies, Poecilia reticulata, of the inbred strain Istanbul was compared. The results of Spieser and Schroder (1978), who found a decrease in courtship activity of descendants of irradiated guppies, were confirmed under more natural conditions. PMID- 7213312 TI - An interactive effect of visual deprivation and pigmentation on the reactivity of mice to light. AB - The degree to which mice react to light was measured by comparing open-field activities of mice produced by backcrosses involving A/J and C57BL/6J parental strains under normal white light and under dim red light. This reactivity was markedly enhanced, for pigmented mice, by rearing the animals in the dark: the reactivity of albino mice was unaffected by dark-rearing. Total activity, but not reactivity to light, was found to be influenced by the genotype of the mother, the offspring of hybrid mothers being less active than the offspring of inbred mothers. The findings are discussed in terms of the previously advanced hypothesis that retinal melanin may serve as a photochrome. PMID- 7213315 TI - Strategic control for a United Kingdom regional health authority: a conceptual framework. AB - After a brief review of the nature of strategic planning, and the problem of defining health service objectives, the paper concentrates on the question of decision making and "strategic control," in the context of a regional health authority, a system at the level of the organization. The purpose of monitoring is defined in detail. A critical review of concepts of control in various disciplines considers their suitability to the health authority context. An integration of feedforward and feedback control loops is developed in order to meet the specific characteristics of a system in which "environment" can be viewed as the "input," and to provide the adaptive, learning capability which is required by the situation of insufficient data, ignorance of underlying mechanisms, and continuing change. PMID- 7213314 TI - Examiner effects in adoption studies of intelligence. AB - To test the hypothesis that examiner differences influence family correlations in adoption studies of intelligence, data from two recent adoption studies were reanalyzed as a function of whether the same or different examiners tested both members of a pair. While each study yielded trends suggesting examiner effects on correlations, results of the two studies were directly counter to each other. Our conclusion is that examiner effects are not yet predictable and, overall, cannot be demonstrated to bias adoption studies of intelligence. PMID- 7213316 TI - Relationship of DNA repair and chromosome aberrations to potentially lethal damage repair in X-irradiated mammalian cells. AB - By the alkaline elution technique, the repair of x-ray-induced DNA single strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links was investigated in stationary phase, contact inhibited mouse cells. During the first hour of repair, approximately 90% of x ray induced single strand breaks were rejoined whereas most of the remaining breaks were rejoined more slowly during the next 5 hr. The number of residual non rejoined single strand breaks was approximately proportional to the x-ray dose at early repair times. DNA-protein cross-links were removed at a slower rate - T 1/2 approximately 10-12 hr. Cells were subcultured at low density at various times after irradiation and scored for colony survival (potentially lethal damage repair), and chromosome aberrations in the first mitosis after sub-culture. Both cell lethality and the frequency of chromosome aberrations decreased during the first several hours of repair, reaching a minimum level by 6 hr; this decrease correlated temporally with the repair of the slowly rejoining DNA strand breaks. The possible relationship of DNA repair to changes in survival and chromosome aberrations is discussed. PMID- 7213317 TI - Ultraviolet light induction of diphtheria toxin-resistant mutations in normal and DNA repair-deficient human and Chinese hamster fibroblasts. AB - The role of unrepaired DNA lesions in the production of mutations is suspected of contributing to the initiation phase of carcinogenesis. Since the molecular basis of mutagenesis is not understood in eukaryotic cells, development of new genetic markers for quantitative in vitro measurement of mutations for mammalian cells is needed. Furthermore, mammalian cells, genetically deficient for various DNA repair enzymes, will be needed to study the role of unrepaired DNA lesions in mutagenesis. The results in this report relate to preliminary attempts (1) to characterize the diphtheria toxin resistance marker as a useful quantitative genetic marker in human cells and (2) to isolate and characterize various DNA repair-deficient Chinese hamster cells. PMID- 7213318 TI - Repair of human DNA in molecules that replicate or remain unreplicated following ultraviolet irradiation. AB - The extent of DNA replication, the incidence of UV induced pyrimidine dimers and the repair replication observed after their excision was monitored in human fibroblasts UV irradiated with single or split UV doses. The excision repair processes were measured in molecules that remained unreplicated or in those that replicated after the latter UV irradiation. Less DNA replication was observed after a split as opposed to single UV irradiation. Furthermore, a split dose did not modify the excision parameters measured after a single irradiation, regardless of whether the DNA had replicated or not. PMID- 7213319 TI - Repair and induction of chromosome aberrations and point mutations in mammalian somatic cells: a summary and perspective. PMID- 7213320 TI - Relationship between unscheduled DNA synthesis and mutation induction in male mice. AB - Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced in the germ cells of male mice by chemical and physical agents can be studied in vivo by making use of the timing of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. In meiotic and postmeiotic germ-cell stages, UDS occurs from leptotene through midspermatid stages but is not detected in later stages. No consistent correlation has been seen between the occurrence of UDS in the germ cells and reduced dominant lethal frequencies or reduced specific-locus mutation frequencies. It is suggested that the UDS observed in the germ cells may be principally involved in the removal of DNA lesions which, if left, could give rise to subtle genetic damage that current mammalian genetic tests may not be able to detect. Characterization of mouse stocks with reduced UDS capability in their germ cells plus the development of biochemical genetic markers that can measure single amino acid substitutions will likely be necessary before the relationship between UDS in mammalian germ cells and repair of genetic damage can be clearly established. PMID- 7213321 TI - Repair and mutation induction in mouse germ cells: a summary and some thoughts. PMID- 7213322 TI - Cardiac responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation in anesthetized dogs with chronic congestive heart failure. PMID- 7213323 TI - Substrate dependence of reoxygenation arrhythmias in the isolated rat heart. AB - Isolated rat hearts perfused with various substrates were subjected to oxygen restriction followed by sudden reoxygenation. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias occurring after reoxygenation appeared to be dependent on the substrate present during oxygen restriction; it was low with glucose (11 mM) and significantly higher with oleic acid (FFA to albumin molar ratio 4), with beta hydroxy butyrate (11 mM), with acetate (11 mM) or without added substrate. When verapamil (1 muM) was also present in the medium, these arrhythmias were largely prevented. When glucose or verapamil were present during the reoxygenation period only, the incidence of reoxygenation arrhythmias was high. Tissue levels of long chain acyl-CoA increased during oxygen restriction under all substrate conditions tested. At the moment when reoxygenation was started they were most elevated in hearts perfused with oleic acid. Verapamil did not influence levels of long-chain acyl-CoA. The amount of creatine-kinase (CK) released from the heart after reoxygenation did not correlate with the observed arrhythmias and was greatest in hearts perfused with oleic acid. Verapamil protected against CK release in the absence of added substrate, but not when oleic acid was present. It is concluded that ventricular arrhythmias after reoxygenation are not necessarily caused by FFA or long-chain acyl-CoA. PMID- 7213324 TI - Significance of glucose for mechanical activity, flavin and pyridine nucleotide oxidation-reduction changes in isolated rat portal veins under ACh-stimulation. AB - The influence of extracellular glucose on isometric concentrations induced by acetylcholine was investigated under aerobic conditions in rat portal veins. In order to estimate the contractile potency of acetylcholine (ACh), dose-response curves of ACh and nor-epinephrine (NE) were compared. Simultaneously with the mechanical activity, changes in the redox states of pyridine nucleotides (PN) and flavoproteins were detected by a surface-fluorimetric method. Tissue concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and ATP were determined parallel to ACh-induced contractions at corresponding intervals. In response to ACh-induced contractions, PN and flavoproteins were oxidized in vessels supplied with glucose. Following 6 h of glucose withdrawal, a small reduction or no change in the redox state was observed; ACh-induced contractions and tissue concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and ATP were decreased. When glucose was added, the contraction force was restituted, and the tissue concentrations of glucose, lactate and PN were increased again. The ATP concentration remained decreased. The results suggest that isometric contractions of portal veins are significantly influenced by aerobic glycolysis. A direct effect of glucose on the excitability of vascular smooth muscle is discussed. PMID- 7213325 TI - Validation studies for the use of the microsphere method in cats and young minipigs. AB - Radioactive microspheres are suitable for measuring cardiac output, its distribution and organ blood flow if certain criteria are met. Cardiac output may be determined with the reference flow method if microspheres do not recirculate. In case 10 micron microspheres were extracted completely by the lungs. The use of microspheres for the determination of cardiac output is therefore not limited by recirculation of microspheres down to this size. Under baseline conditions we found no preferential streaming with 50 micron spheres in young minipigs and with 25 and 15 micron spheres in cats At high cardiac output values induced by the administration of 0.4 mg/kg of Dihydralazine in cats, 25 micron but not 15 micron microspheres showed a small, non significant tendency to stream preferentially into the upper body. Thus, under rapid flow conditions 15 micron microspheres may be preferable to larger ones from the rheological point of view. Under baseline conditions the distribution of cardiac output to a wide range of organs was very similar when comparing 25 and 15 micron microspheres in cats and 50 and 15 micron microspheres in minipigs, whereas 10 micron microspheres were poorly extracted by most organ in cats. 15 micron microspheres were found to be suitable for the determination of cardiac output and its distribution in both species provided that bronchial and arteriovenous shunt flows can be neglected. PMID- 7213326 TI - Hydraulic permeability of canine and human pericardium in vitro. PMID- 7213328 TI - [Pharmacodynamic effects of zinc bacitracin in the nutritive dosage range]. PMID- 7213329 TI - [Urea determination with the Reflotest-Urea method]. PMID- 7213327 TI - Function and energy metabolism of isolated rats hearts as influenced by Sr++. AB - Effects of Sr++ and isoproterenol were studied in rat hearts perfused with red cell containing media. Sr++ in the presence of Ca++ causes a positive inotropic effect without corresponding metabolic changes. Without Ca++ 0.5 mM Sr++ causes an immediate arrest, 2 mM Sr++ a complete contracture (14 min) and 5 mM a contracture after about 44 min. At a level of 10 mM Sr++ phasic contractions are maintained (60 min). Occurring phasic contractions are prolonged 3 to 6fold. Administration of isoproterenol (ISO) at a level of 0.5 mM Sr++ causes a delayed occurrence of cardiac arrest and incomplete contracture. At a concentration of 2 and 5 mM Sr++ positive inotropic responses proceed to a contracture (7 min, 50 min resp.). VO2 is reduced by 0.5 mM Sr++ initially by 2 mM Sr++ with delay. 5 and 10 mM Sr++ induce an initial increase. Subsequent decrease is smallest at 10 mM Sr++ ISO at all Sr++ concentrations induces an increase in VO2 initially and strong reduction finally. During 10 min administration, high energy phosphate stores (HEP) are reduced at all Sr++ concentrations, but to the smallest extent at 10 mM Sr++, ISO at levels of 0.5 and 2 mM Sr++ induces a partial recovery of HEP, but at 5 and 10 mM a further reduction. Finally, under the influence of ISO the metabolic state is similar to that without ISO. Sr++ at high concentrations in absence of Ca++ seems to be capable of substituting in principle for Ca++ also concerning metabolism. Severe metabolic disturbances at low Sr++ concentrations indicate a failure of regulation of oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7213330 TI - [Serological determination of Brucella canis infections using the slide agglutination test]. PMID- 7213331 TI - [Simple blood taking method in the hen]. PMID- 7213332 TI - [Etiology of atrophic rhinitis in swine. 4. Incidence of P. multocida-K antibodies in herds of swine]. PMID- 7213333 TI - [Effect of a monoinfection with Isospora suis and its treatment using halofuginone and lasalocid on breeding achievement, digestion coefficients and composition of whole body cadavers of early weaned piglets]. PMID- 7213334 TI - [Problems of intensive animal husbandry--eight theses from the viewpoint of domestic animal ethology and agricultural animal husbandry]. PMID- 7213335 TI - [Detection of Brucella canis antibodies in serum samples of military service dogs]. PMID- 7213336 TI - Investigations into the effect of acid on the spectral and kinetic properties of purple membrane from Halobacterium halobium. AB - The formation and reversal of the acid species of purple membrane generated below pH 4.00 (22 degrees C) is studied together with the photochemical cycle over the pH range 6.40--3.20. The buffering capacity of the membrane reaches a peak at pH 4.30, indicating the possibility of a conformational change taking place. The generation of the new spectral species can take place in the dark and is unaffected by the addition of reducing agents. Kinetic parameters measured indicate that the group being titrated below pH 4.00 could be the same as that protonated in the formation of intermediate O. The temporal placement of intermediate O after M in the photochemical cycle is shown to be incompatible with the data presented here. Reneutralization of acidified purple membrane shows that the spectral changes in acid are reversible but the phototransient properties are altered. PMID- 7213337 TI - Configuration and interaction of the polar head group in gangliosides. AB - 1. The interactions of gangliosides with Ca(2+) and some polar-head-group requirements for establishment of particular interactions with phosphatidylcholine were studied in monolayers at the air/145mm-NaCl interface. 2. Ganglioside-Ca(2+) interactions, as revealed by surface-potential measurements, depended on the position occupied by sialosyl residues in the oligosaccharide chain. The interactions with Ca(2+) of the single sialosyl residue of monosialogangliosides occurred above 0.1mm-CaCl(2), whereas the interaction of the cation with additional sialosyl groups in di- or tri sialogangliosides depended on the carbohydrate residue to which the sialosyl moiety was attached. The sialosyl residue bound in sialosyl-sialosyl linkage interacted very little with Ca(2+). The sialosyl residue attached to the terminal galactose of the neutral tetrasaccharide chain interacted with Ca(2+) above 1mum CaCl(2). 3. Experiments with mixed monolayers containing dihexadecyl phosphate and hexadecyltrimethylammonium indicated that for the occurrence of interactions of polysialogangliosides with phosphatidylcholine characterized by reductions in molecular packing and surface potential both charged groups of the phospholipid and sialosyl residues with particular dipolar properties in the ganglioside are participating. 4. Possible configurations that can explain the behaviour in monolayers were inspected with space-filling molecular models. The position of the carboxylate group of sialosyl residues with respect to the interface and to the sialosyl molecular plane can explain the different orientation of the dipole moment vector of this residue, which depends on the position to which it is linked in the oligosaccharide chain. Favoured interactions of polysialogangliosides with phosphatidylcholine may result from a configuration allowing a partial matching of two oppositely oriented electrical vectors contributed by the zwitterionic phosphocholine group and particular sialosyl groups. PMID- 7213338 TI - Absolute configuration of dolichol. AB - A derivative of dolichol was formed and then chemically degraded to a small fragment containing the sole centre of asymmetry of the original molecule. Polarimetric comparison of this derivative with a standard prepared from (R) citronellol showed dolichol to have an S-configuration at C-3. To determine the optical purity of dolichol a diastereoisomeric derivative was prepared and compared with standard diastereoisomers, which could be resolved by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Dolichols from pig liver, human liver and hen oviduct were analysed by this procedure and were all found to be greater than 95% S configuration. PMID- 7213339 TI - Human cathepsin B. Application of the substrate N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-arginyl-L arginine 2-naphthylamide to a study of the inhibition by leupeptin. AB - 1. The kinetic parameters Kcat. and Km were determined for the hydrolysis of some arginine naphthylamides by human cathepsin B. 2. A new and efficient synthesis of Z-Arg-Arg-NNap (benzyloxycarbonyl-L-arginyl-L-arginine 2-naphthylamide) was developed. 3. Z-Arg-Arg-NNap was a specific and sensitive substrate for cathepsin B, and was used for kinetic studies. 4. Values of kcat. were maximal in the pH range 5.4--6.2, and depended on a single ionizing group of pKa 4.4. 5. Leupeptin was a purely competitive inhibitor of human cathepsin B. 6. The effect of pH on the apparent inhibitor constant, Ki (app.), was determined. Ki (app.) was pH independent in the range pH 4.3--6.0, with the mean value 7 x 10(-9) M. PMID- 7213340 TI - Biochemical studies on a case of feline mannosidosis. AB - Evidence is presented for the biochemical diagnosis of the first case of feline mannosidosis. A marked deficiency of acidic alpha-D-mannosidase in the brain, kidney and liver and excessive excretion of mannose-rich oligosaccharides in the urine were found in a kitten suffering from a nervous disorder. Residual acidic alpha-D-mannosidase, ranging from 2 to 5.5% of the normal activity, was observed in the tissues of the affected kitten. It has similar kinetic and physicochemical properties to the normal activity. The amount of mannose in the urine of the affected kitten was 19-fold greater than in a comparable control, and the molar ratio of mannose to N-acetylglucosamine was approx. 6 : 1. High concentrations of neutral oligosaccharides were detected in the urine. The predominant oligosaccharide appeared to be a hexasaccharide. The biochemical features of bovine, feline and human mannosidosis are compared, and it is concluded that feline mannosidosis may be a useful animal model for studying the human disease. PMID- 7213341 TI - Phospholipid asymmetry in rough- and smooth-endoplasmic-reticulum membranes of untreated and phenobarbital-treated rat liver. AB - Phospholipase C was used as a probe for the distribution of phospholipids about the membrane of rough and smooth microsomal fractions from normal and phenobarbital-treated rat liver. All membranes exhibited an asymmetric distribution, with phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine concentrated in the inner leaflet of the bilayer and phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin concentrated in the outer leaflet. The only phospholipid showing a significant difference in distribution between fractions was phosphatidylcholine, which was shifted towards the outer leaflet in the smooth microsomal fraction compared with the rough microsomal fraction, and towards the outer leaflet in both rough and smooth microsomal fractions from phenobarbital-treated liver compared with the same preparations from untreated rat liver. Apart from this small change, the asymmetric distribution of phospholipids was conserved in microsomal fractions which had proliferated in response to phenobarbital and in which the protein composition had changed. PMID- 7213343 TI - Degradation of protein disulphide bonds in dilute alkali. AB - The degradation of S--S bonds in 0.2 M-NaOH at 25 degrees C was studied for a series of proteins and simple aliphatic disulphide compounds, by using cathodic stripping voltammetry, ion-selective-electrode potentiometry, spectrophotometry and ultrafiltration. The disulphide bonds that dissociated in 0.2 M-NaOH were usually those that are solvent accessible and that can be reduced by mild chemical reductants. Some unexpected differences were found between similar proteins, both in the number of S--S bonds dissociated and in their rates of decomposition. Chymotrypsin has one S--S bond attacked, whereas chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen have two. Ribonuclease A has two S--S bonds dissociated, but ribonuclease S and S-protein have three. Denaturation in 6 M-guanidine hydrochloride before alkaline digestion caused the loss of an additional S--S bond in ribonuclease A and insulin, and increased the rate of dissociation of the S--S bonds of some other proteins. The initial product of S--S bond dissociation in dilute alkali is believed to be a persulphide intermediate formed by a beta elimination reaction. This intermediate is in mobile equilibrium with bisulphide ion, HS-, and decomposes at a mercury electrode or in acid solution to yield a stoichiometric amount of sulphide. Rate constants and equilibrium constants were measured for the equilibria between HS- and the intermediates involved in the alkaline dissociation of several proteins. Elemental sulphur was not detected in any of the protein digests. It is suggested that formation of HS- from a persulphide intermediate involves a hydrolysis reaction to yield a sulphenic acid derivative. The small polypeptides glutathione and oxytocin gave only a low yield of persulphide, and their alkaline decomposition must proceed by a mechanism different from that of the proteins. PMID- 7213344 TI - Effects of freezing on the estimated amounts of Tamm--Horsfall glycoprotein in urine, as determined by radioimmunoassay. AB - Freeze-drying or freezing of salt-free solutions of human Tamm--Horsfall glycoprotein appeared to lead to changes in the structure of the latter, changes that increased its ability to bind with antibody raised, in rabbits, against it. This alteration in avidity of the glycoprotein was observed irrespective of whether antiserum was raised against freeze-dried or non-frozen antigen. The implications of this finding for the radioimmunoassay of the glycoprotein in urine samples were studied. Appropriate treatment for urine samples, before assay, was devised. The amount of Tamm--Horsfall glycoprotein excreted was shown to range from 30 to 138 mg in normal males and 43 to 126 mg in normal females per 24 h. PMID- 7213342 TI - The covalent nature of the human antithrombin III--thrombin bond. AB - 1. Cleavage of the human antithrombin III--thrombin complex with [14C]methoxyamine hydrochloride results in inactive thrombin and 14C-labelled antithrombin III. 2. Discontinuous polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the reduced dissociation fragments of the complex in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate reveals two antithrombin III bands that do not resolve during electrophoresis without reduction. The heavy band has the electrophoretic mobility of the native protein. The light band has an apparent mol.wt. that is approx. 4000 less than the molecular weight of native antithrombin III. 3. Treatment of the cleavage products of the complex with carboxypeptidase B yields 1 mumol of arginine, a new C-terminal amino acid, per mumol of thrombin dissociated. The results indicate that during formation of the antithrombin III- thrombin complex, the inhibitor is cleaved at an arginine--X bond; this arginine residue forms a carboxylic ester with the enzyme, while the excised polypeptide remains bound through a disulphide bridge(s). PMID- 7213345 TI - The electrophoresis of transferrins in urea/polyacrylamide gels. AB - The denaturation of transferrin by urea has been studied by (a) electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels incorporating a urea gradient, (b) measurements of the loss of iron-binding capacity and (c) u.v. difference spectrometry. In human serum transferrin and hen ovotransferrin the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of the iron-free protein were found to denature at different urea concentrations. PMID- 7213346 TI - Charge-transfer complexes of some linear conjugated polyenes. AB - On adsorption of some electron-acceptor molecules on the solid films of all-trans beta-carotene, beta-apo-8'-carotenal, astacene and methylbixin a new absorption band appears on the longer-wavelength side of the spectrum in addition to the original bands. The position of this new band is dependent on the electron affinity (EA) of the acceptor molecules, and the intensity of this band increases with the amount of adsorbed acceptor molecules. A linear relationship between the vmax. of the new band and EA was observed. The value of the ionization potential of the polyenes estimated from such linear relationship agrees satisfactorily with the value obtained by other methods. It has been concluded that the polyenes behave as electron donor and first form molecular charge-transfer complexes (of type [polyene . I2] with iodine) with electron acceptors, these finally dissociating to yield ionic complexes (of type [polyene . I+] with iodine). PMID- 7213347 TI - Size heterogeneity of rat pituitary prolactin. AB - The occurrence of multiple forms of rat prolactin with different molecular weights (size heterogeneity) was studied with anterior pituitary extracts, purified rat prolactin and 125I-labelled rat prolactin. In each case, three main forms of the hormone were detected by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100: a major one (80--90%) corresponding to monomeric prolactin (mol.wt. 22000--25000), a peak (8--20%) that could be a dimer (mol.wt. 45000--50000) and a small quantity (1- 5%) of a component of much greater molecular weight. On freezing and thawing of 125I-labelled rat prolactin, there was little interconversion of monomer and 'dimer' peaks, but both were converted substantially to very high-molecular weight material. All three peaks of 125I-labelled rat prolactin could be precipitated by anti-(rat prolactin) serum and all three gave similar patterns of radioactive peptides after digestion with chymotrypsin followed by high-voltage paper electrophoresis. On sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, the monomer peak of 125I-labelled prolactin migrated as a single component of mol.wt. 22000, the very high-molecular-weight peak largely dissociated to a component running in the same position as the monomer, and the 'dimer' peak migrated partly as a component of mol.wt. 45000 and partly as a component migrating with monomeric prolactin. No treatment was found that could dissociate the 'dimer' peak completely to monomeric prolactin. PMID- 7213348 TI - Formation of super-reduced Chromatium high-potential iron--sulphur protein in aqueous solution by pulse radiolysis. AB - Both the oxidized and reduced forms of Hipip (high-potential iron--sulphur protein) are reduced (approx. 30% yields) by eaq.- in a single-stage process, rate constants 1.7 x 10(10) and 1.8 x 10(10) M-1 . s-1 respectively, at 25 degrees C, pH 7.0 (5 mM-phosphate). Super-reduced Hipip, which is formed in the latter case, has a spectrum which closely resembles that of reduced ferredoxin, i.e. Fe4S4 (SR)4(3-) clusters. The spectrum is stable over 2 s periods investigated. Super-reduced Hipip is reoxidized with O2, rate constant 4.8 x 10(6) M-1 . s-1 at 25 degrees C. PMID- 7213349 TI - Inhibition of protohaem ferro-lyase by N-substituted porphyrins. Structural requirements for the inhibitory effect. AB - N-Methyl mesoporphyrin was a powerful inhibitor of protohaem ferro-lyase in vitro, whereas N-ethyl mesoporphyrin and N-methyl coproporphyrin were not and neither was the newly described green pigment produced by giving rats ethylene. This suggests that the size of the substituent at a pyrrole nitrogen and also the number of carboxylic acid side chains of the substituted porphyrin are important for the inhibitory effect. Evidence that N-methyl mesoporphyrin inhibited the enzyme, whereas the ethylene-derived pigment did not, was also obtained in vivo. PMID- 7213350 TI - Carbohydrate composition of the oligosaccharide units of the haemagglutinin from the Hong Kong influenza virus A/Memphis/102/72. AB - The haemagglutinin from the Hong Kong influenza virus A/Memphis/102/72 contains seven oligosaccharide units attached to asparagine residues 8, 22, 38, 81, 165 and 285 in the heavy chain (HA1) and to residue 154 in the light chain (HA2). The single oligosaccharide unit in HA2 and four of the oligosaccharide units of HA1 (at residues 8, 22, 38 and 81) contain the four monosaccharides N acetylglucosamine, mannose, galactose and fucose and are of the N acetyllactosamine (or 'complex') type. The two other oligosaccharide units on HA1 are of the oligomannoside (or 'simple') type and contain only two residues of N acetylglucosamine and five or six residues of mannose. The data are discussed in relation to the differences in the carbohydrate compositions of other influenza haemagglutinins. PMID- 7213351 TI - Lack of deviation from Michaelis--Menten kinetics for pig heart fumarase. AB - Studies of steady-state kinetics of fumarase in the usual substrate-concentration range from 0.1 Km to 10 Km and in the high substrate-concentration range from 10 Km to 200 Km are described. The purpose is to investigate reports of substrate inhibition and oscillatory kinetics. In the normal substrate-concentration range, no deviations from hyperbolic kinetics were found, and in the extended concentration range, up to more than 200 times the Km value, no substrate inhibition was demonstrated. A discussion of the discrepancies between the mentioned reports of deviations from the hyperbolic kinetics and the present findings is given. PMID- 7213354 TI - Reversal of handedness in DNA: a stable link between RU and LZ helices. PMID- 7213353 TI - Estrogen-induced protein in the human breast cancer cell line MCF7. PMID- 7213355 TI - Circular dichroic discrimination of inclusion and peripheral complexes of the ionophore lasalocid A. PMID- 7213352 TI - Thermodynamic studies on the hydrolysis of cytidine 2':3'-phosphate by bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. A possible effect of the change of the structure of water. AB - The temperature-dependence of the ribonuclease A-catalysed hydrolysis of cytidine 2':3'-phosphate was studied in the range of temperatures 0--40 degrees C. A break at 4 degrees C was found both in the Arrhenius and the van't Hoff plots. It is likely that the transition observed is due to the change in the structure of water. PMID- 7213356 TI - A new family of endogenous "big" Met-enkephalins from bovine adrenal medulla: purification and structure of docosa- (BAM-22P) and eicosapeptide (BAM-20P) with very potent opiate activity. PMID- 7213357 TI - Reversible G1 arrest of a human Burkitt lymphoma cell line(Raji) induced by tunicamycin. PMID- 7213358 TI - Difference in the degree of exposure of chromophores in the Pr and Pfr forms of phytochrome. PMID- 7213359 TI - The effect of nitrous oxide-induced inactivation of vitamin B12 on serine transhydroxymethylase. PMID- 7213360 TI - Adrenal cortex - a newly recognized peripheral site of action of enkephalins. PMID- 7213361 TI - Estrogen regulation of specific messinger RNA's in human breast cancer cells. PMID- 7213362 TI - Effect of sea urchin sperm chromatin on histone acetylation. PMID- 7213363 TI - The isomeric biliverdins from ring-cleavage of deuteroporphyrin-IX. PMID- 7213364 TI - Stimulated turnover of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidate in normal and Duchenne-dystrophic human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7213365 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of chloromethyl ketones of leucine enkephalin. PMID- 7213366 TI - Detection of hemoglobin S polymerization in intact red cells by P-31 NMR. PMID- 7213367 TI - Theoretical analysis of conformational possibilities of Z-DNA. PMID- 7213370 TI - Modulation of reconstituted cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity by protein fractions from rat liver cytosol. PMID- 7213368 TI - Purification and phosphorylation of human initiation factor eIF-2. PMID- 7213371 TI - Enzyme crypticity as an indicator of membrane orientation in envelope vesicles from Halobacteria. PMID- 7213369 TI - Acetylation of spermidine in Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 7213372 TI - Enzymatic carboxymethylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 7213373 TI - Cleavage of the carboxypeptidase inhibitor from potatoes by carboxypeptidase A. PMID- 7213374 TI - Vitamin K1 hydroquinone formation catalyzed by a microsomal reductase system. PMID- 7213375 TI - A unique polysaccharide- and glycoside-degrading enzyme complex from the wood decay fungus Poria placenta. PMID- 7213376 TI - Characterization of gastric cytochrome b5: spectral and immunological identity with liver microsomal cytochrome b5 and immunohistochemical localization in rat fundic mucosa. PMID- 7213378 TI - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate in rat tissues. PMID- 7213377 TI - DNA polymerase alpha is tightly bound to the nuclear matrix of actively replicating liver. PMID- 7213379 TI - Properties of nucleation sites in globular proteins. PMID- 7213380 TI - beta-Endorphin: primary structure of the hormone from the ostrich pituitary gland. PMID- 7213382 TI - A radioimmunoassay procedure for quantitating parotid hormone. PMID- 7213383 TI - Preliminary characterization of the estrogen binding protein from bovine and porcine hypothalamus. PMID- 7213381 TI - Microsomal oxidation of thiobenzamide. A photometric assay for the flavin containing monooxygenase. PMID- 7213384 TI - Microfilament accumulation and the transport of amino acids and glucose in adult rat hepatocytes cultured on collagen gel/nylon mesh. PMID- 7213386 TI - Effect of pregnancy on the uptake of lipoprotein triglyceride fatty acids by isolated adipocytes in the rat. PMID- 7213385 TI - Changes in phospholipids from chick fibroblasts during embryo development. PMID- 7213387 TI - The defect in the cbl B class of human methylmalonic acidemia: deficiency of cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase activity in extracts of cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 7213388 TI - Uptake of cystine by cystine-depleted fibroblasts from patients with cystinosis. PMID- 7213389 TI - Effects of age on energy status and redox state of lymphocytes during blastogenesis. PMID- 7213391 TI - Nucleosome cores containing H2B, H3, H4 and HMG2 are reconstituted. PMID- 7213390 TI - Colchicine binding activity and tyrosyl tubulin ligase activity in normal and cystic fibrosis fibroblasts. PMID- 7213392 TI - Regulation of ornithine transcarbamylase activity in neonatal rat liver. PMID- 7213393 TI - Measurement of apparent binding constant between copper ion and apo-bovine superoxide dismutase. PMID- 7213394 TI - Ferroxidase II. The essential role of copper in enzymatic activity. PMID- 7213395 TI - Differences in sialic acid contents of low cancer cells, high cancer cells and normal mouse lung counterparts. PMID- 7213397 TI - The interaction of adriamycin with nuclear DNA: evidence for a drug induced compaction of isolated chromatin. PMID- 7213396 TI - Interaction of ATP with a macromolecular translocation inhibitor of the nuclear binding of "activated" receptor-glucocorticoid complex. PMID- 7213398 TI - The lymphocyte cell surface. PMID- 7213400 TI - Contact-induced modification of lymphocyte morphology. PMID- 7213399 TI - Structural similarities between Thy-1 antigen from rat brain and immunoglobulin. PMID- 7213403 TI - Reductive metabolism of the carcinogen 4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole to 1-(4 thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone by rat liver subcellular fractions. PMID- 7213401 TI - Structure-activity relationships in the inhibitory effects of ellipticines on benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity and 3-methylcholanthrene mutagenicity. PMID- 7213402 TI - Sex and age dependence of the "selective" induction of rat hepatic microsomal epoxide hydratase following trans-stilbene oxide, l-alpha-acetylmethadol, or phenobarbital treatment. PMID- 7213405 TI - Interaction between activated nordihydroguaiaretic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 7213404 TI - Analog specific aberrancies in antifolate inhibition of L1210 cell dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 7213406 TI - Modulation of serotonergic receptors by exogenous cholesterol in the dog synaptosomal plasma membrane. PMID- 7213407 TI - Absence of effect of heparin on the binding of prazosin and phenytoin to plasma proteins. PMID- 7213408 TI - Solubilization of serotonin receptors from rat frontal Cortex. PMID- 7213409 TI - Meanings of Ki for conventional and alternate-substrate inhibitors. PMID- 7213410 TI - Product inhibition during the hepatic microsomal N-demethylation of aminopyrine in the rat. PMID- 7213413 TI - Effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) on pharmacokinetics and distribution of rifamycin SV in rats. PMID- 7213412 TI - Teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide in a coupled microsomal activating/embryo culture system. PMID- 7213411 TI - Influence of psychoactive and nonpsychoactive cannabinoids on chromatin structure and function in human cells. PMID- 7213415 TI - Chloroquine- and primaquine-induced alterations of glucose metabolism in the uninfected red cell. PMID- 7213414 TI - Uptake of [3H]taurine into myocardial membranes. PMID- 7213416 TI - Studies of the mode of action of antitumour triazenes and triazines-II. Investigation of the selective toxicity of 1-aryl-3,3-dimethyltriazenes. PMID- 7213418 TI - Cationic amphiphilic drugs as a potential tool for modifying phospholipids of tumor cells. An in vitro study of chlorpromazine effects on Krebs II ascites cells. PMID- 7213417 TI - Identification and quantification of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline, 2-methyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline, and 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta carboline as in vivo constituents of rat brain and adrenal gland. PMID- 7213420 TI - Multiple effects of repeated administration of gamma-acetylenic GABA on rat brain metabolism. PMID- 7213421 TI - Paraquat-induced alterations of phospholipids and GSSG-release in the isolated perfused rat liver, and the effect of SOD-active copper complexes. PMID- 7213419 TI - Inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases alpha and beta and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase from calf thymus by mitomycin C-deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 7213422 TI - Effects of anticonvulsants on the in vivo and in vitro release of GABA. PMID- 7213423 TI - Adenosine regulation of canine cardiac adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7213424 TI - Inhibition of calcium influx in rabbit aorta by nicardipine hydrochloride (YC 93). PMID- 7213426 TI - Cytochrome P-455 complex formation in the metabolism of phenylalkylamines-V. Complex formation in human liver microsomes from various sources. PMID- 7213425 TI - Pulmonary mixed-function oxidation: stimulation by glucose and the effects of metabolic inhibitors. PMID- 7213427 TI - Glutathione S-conjugates of phenyloxirane. PMID- 7213431 TI - Interaction between rheumatoid factor and antibody/DNA complexes: enhancement of complement fixation. AB - The influence of rheumatoid factor (RF) on the complement mediated binding of antibody/double-stranded DNA immune complexes to red blood cells has been investigated. Our results indicate that RF enhances this binding reaction, apparently by fixing complement via its own Fc region. These findings suggest that under certain circumstances, RF may play an exacerbating role in the antibody/DNA induced glomerulonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7213429 TI - Successful treatment of sudden hearing loss in Cogan's syndrome with corticosteroids. AB - Cogan's syndrome (CS) is the association of acute nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis and acute episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss. We have prospectively followed 6 patients with CS who were treated within 4 weeks after the acute onset of hearing loss. Within 1 to 2 weeks after the initiation of corticosteroid therapy, all 6 patients demonstrated improved hearing thresholds for pure tones and supra-threshold speech discrimination results. These patients have been followed an average of 2.5 years (range 0.25-9 years); all have only mild to moderate hearing impairment in the mid (1,000 to 2,000 Hz) and low (250 to 500 Hz) frequency sound ranges. Three of the patients have been tapered off steroids completely with no subsequent permanent decrement of hearing. Thus, early oral corticosteroid administration to patients with sudden hearing loss associated with Cogan's syndrome may preserve auditory function. PMID- 7213430 TI - Binding sites for immune components in human choroid plexus. AB - In immunologically mediated disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and experimental serum sickness, immunoglobulin and complement amy be localized in the choroid plexus. This report demonstrates the presence of binding activity for the Fc fragment of IgG in 34 of 36 samples of human choroid plexus. We suggest that the number, distribution, and avidity of these Ig receptors may modulate the occurrence and/or severity of central nervous system symptoms in patients with immunologically mediated systemic diseases. PMID- 7213433 TI - Cholestasis associated with D-penicillamine therapy: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7213432 TI - The impact of chronic disease: a sociomedical profile of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A large number of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis have been studied in order to better delineate the sociomedical problems experienced by patients with this chronic disease. Two hundred forty-five respondents were surveyed by use of a detailed questionnaire and interview, and the results indicate that major losses in the areas of work, finances, and family structure are extremely common. The majority of workers were totally disabled as a result of their disease. On the average, subjects in the group were earning only 50% of the income predicted for them had they not had arthritis. Sixty-three percent experienced a major change in their psychosocial status as a result of their disease. Work disability appears to be the most important sociomedical impact of rheumatoid arthritis since it is associated with significantly greater income and psychosocial losses. This evidence of numerous and serious sociomedical problems in persons with rheumatoid arthritis raises questions of emphasis and approach for physicians involved in the clinical care of chronic rheumatic disease patients. PMID- 7213428 TI - Increase in hepatic pyruvate (glyoxylate) aminotransferase activity on administration of clofibrate to the rat. PMID- 7213434 TI - Obliterative bronchiolitis in two rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with penicillamine. PMID- 7213436 TI - Polyarthritis following propranolol. PMID- 7213435 TI - Lupus valvulitis necessitating double valve replacement. PMID- 7213437 TI - Antisperm antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7213438 TI - Clinical photography. PMID- 7213439 TI - Polymorphonuclear cell interaction with immunoglobulin in situ in human rheumatoid synovium. PMID- 7213441 TI - Cold dependent activation of complement in systemic lupus erythematosus. A unique cause for a discrepancy between clinical and laboratory parameters. AB - A 31-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied because she developed markedly reduced total hemolytic complement activity at a time when her disease was clinically inactive. Functional assays demonstrated reduced activities of C1, C4, and C2, but normal concentrations of C3 and the terminal (C5-9) components were present. Antigenic concentrations of C1, C4, and C2 were normal. Plasma or serum obtained from blood allowed to clot at 37 degrees C had normal complement activity. Complement activity was depleted when the patient's serum was incubated in the cold. At reduced temperatures, the patient's serum (or purified IgG) depleted complement activity of normal human sera. A second patient with SLE was also demonstrated to have this same phenomenon. Cryoglobulins were not detectable in these patients. These data indicate that in vivo the patients' complement was normal and that the observed in vitro reduction was caused by cold dependent activation of the classical pathway. PMID- 7213440 TI - Stimulation of prostaglandin E and hyaluronic acid production by rubella and measles viruses in human synovial fibroblast cultures. PMID- 7213442 TI - Familial articular chondrocalcinosis in Quebec. AB - The existence of articular chondrocalcinosis was documented in 9 members of 3 generations of a Quebec family. No associated or secondary forms of the disease were found. The clinical manifestations appeared early in life, and extensive radiologic involvement was apparent. We determined that genetic transmission was dominant, either autosomal or sex-linked, and not related to the HLA system. PMID- 7213443 TI - Investigation of type I and type III collagens of the lung in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - The interstitial collagens, type I and type III, were investigated in lung tissue from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) with pulmonary involvement. By use of CNBr digestion of whole tissue, the relative content of type I versus type III collagen was unchanged. This contrasts with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Limited pepsin digestion released greater amounts of collagen (55%) than normal (16%), but the individual collagen chains were chemically indistinguishable. A reduced amount of the more stable collagen crosslink, hydroxylysinonorleucine, was observed which was consistent with the relatively greater degree of solubilization. PMID- 7213444 TI - Localized myositis in Behcet's disease. PMID- 7213445 TI - Muscle involvement in Behcet's disease. PMID- 7213446 TI - Parasitic rheumatism. PMID- 7213447 TI - Acute prednisone-induced disabling myalgias in scleroderma. PMID- 7213448 TI - Chondrocalcinosis and polymyalgia rheumatica in carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 7213449 TI - [Haemobilia as sign of hepatic artery aneurysm (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors described a case of left hepatic artery aneurysm giving ris to haemobilia. A wide discussion is held on clinical and diagnostic aspects on this situation, often causing operations following each other, before that a correct surgical treatment is indicated. The patient underwent the left hepatic artery ligature, at present considered the choice method in the treatment of haemobilia following ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm. PMID- 7213450 TI - [Considerations about the anesthesiological technic in an uremic pericarditis' treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213451 TI - [Trace analysis of halogenated anesthetics in biological fluids by head-space GLC using electroncapture detector (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213452 TI - [Gore-Tex prostheses in arterial reconstructive procedures (author's transl)]. AB - The early and long-term results using the polytetrafluorethylene (Gore-Tex) are reported. In 20 patients, 12 ilio-femoral bypasses, 10 femoro-popliteal and 2 aorto-subclavian bypasses have been performed; 5 of these patients underwent simultaneously femoro-popliteal bypasses with Gore-Tex and ilio-femoral bypasses with Dacron. Only once the Gore-Tex was used as patch. The results have been satisfactory. However, longer follow-up and many more patients are needed to determine if the Gore-Tex will be the substitute for the autogenous saphenous vein in peripheral vascular reconstruction. PMID- 7213454 TI - [Antitumor effect of diphtheria toxin on Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice]. PMID- 7213456 TI - [Further clinical observations on the treatment of noncirrhotic alcoholic liver disease]. AB - After an experiment comparative clinical study, the authors could point out that biohumoral, semeiological and histopathological alterations in alcoholic hepatopaties, can retrograde only by the suspending the pathogenic alcoholic noxa, and that the improvement can be accelerated by a contemporary administration of a. cycloxilic, thiazolidine carboxylic of argynin, EPL: all antisteatosis substances helping the oxidation of alcohol and fat acids, potentiating the rigeneration of the hepatocyte and resolving the hepatosecretory function alterated. PMID- 7213455 TI - [Experiment comparative clinical study with three liver trophical substances on some alcoholic not cirrhotic liver disease (author's transl)]. AB - By using and comparing three liver trophical substances, the authors have studied their individual effect on some alcoholic not cirrhotic liver diseases. They conclude at last that the removal of the alcoholic noxa and the action of the substances individually used cause an acceleration of recovery and a regression of the alterations of hepatic insufficiency, due to an excessive administration of alcoholic drinks. It's difficult, however, to draw some useful practical indications particularly on the choice of this or that medicament used. PMID- 7213457 TI - [Doppler ultrasound assessment of lower limbs arterial occlusive disease (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors evaluate the Doppler ultrasonic detection in the assessment of lower limbs arterial occlusive disease, particularly concerning the haemodynamic pattern of those patients undergoing a surgical treatment. The research is accomplished on a group consisting in hundred not selected patients, all subjected to aortography. A comparative study was undertaken between angiographic findings and ankle sistolic pressure measurement together with flow velocity profile. Reduction of ankle sistolic pressure and appearance of flow velocity profile changes, resulted highly correlated with clinical stage and angiographic alterations. The Authors consider therefore the Doppler ultrasound assessment as being able to give, together with the always necessary angiographic study, more accurate informations either on the run-off and the haemodynamic consequences of a stenosis, or on the overall evaluation of multisegmental lesions. PMID- 7213453 TI - [Subclavian arteriography in Pancoast syndrome. Case report (author's transl)]. AB - A case of Pancoast's syndrome is reported, where subclavian arteriography was the only useful diagnostic procedure to make a diagnosis possible. Utilization and meaning of such a diagnostic technique is discussed, since the typical radiological picture of the syndrome may be lacking, especially in the early stage of the disease. Subclavian arteriography explores th costal-pleuro vertebral space selectively, being aimed to one of the anatomical structure, the mechanical engagement of which is responsible of the syndrome. Such a technique is advisable even in cases where the Pancoast's syndrome is sustained by an infrequent aetiology, such as metastases. PMID- 7213459 TI - [Prostheses reimplantation with porcine xenograft. Our experience (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors explain the experience about the porcine xenograft, the results of the application of 98 bio-prostheses implanted between January 1976 and November 1979. The distribution of the implantations is: 52 mitral valve reimplantation; 16 aortic valve reimplantation, 2 tricuspid valve reimplantation, 26 xenograft were implanted with the association of another prosthesis or aorto coronary by pass graft. The patients were selected for clinical criteria (age, sex, geographic provenance) and haemodinamic criteria. Three early embolism were checked, one lethal. The total mortality is of 9 patients: 4 patients were submitted to multiple surgical operation. The running of porcine xenograft is good on the middle term. PMID- 7213460 TI - [Retinoic acid and 5-FU mixture in the topical treatment of several skin diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The need for safe and effective topical treatments is underlined by several clinical trials over the years treating miscellaneous dermatosis with many and heterologous drugs, sometimes on a simple empirical basis. In a recent study Robinson and Kligman claimed to have obtained satisfactory results treating several cases of actinic keratosis with an alternate regimen of retinoic acid and 5-FU. We wish to report an open-label pilot study using a simple and readily accessible combination of commercially formulated and available agents as 0,05% retinoic acid cream and 5% 5-FU cream over two groups of patients. Treatment consisted of bid application of sparing amounts of an equal parts combination of retinoic acid and 5-FU. The first group consisted of 7 patients affected by skin diseases associated with an altered epidermal keratinization (actinic keratosis, Darier's disease, seborrheic keratosis, phrynoderma and epidermodysplasia verruciformis). The patients were followed up for a period of 15 to 60 days and, as it might be expected, the results were quite good. The second group, on the contrary, consisted of 6 patients affected mainly by dermatosis involving the corium (LED, milium, colloid pseudomilium). The patients were followed up for the same period of time as the first group was, but the results were much less rewarding. Only a partial resolution of the process, which was followed soon after by a relapse, was noted. Finally we believe that this modified regimen of equal parts of retinoic acid and 5-FU has to be recommended in the topical treatment of the above mentioned dermatosis associated with an altered keratinization. PMID- 7213458 TI - [Studies on some structural parameters of linear DNA by means of ethidium bromide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213461 TI - [New technique of anatomical study of the distal autonomic nervous system of the heart in man (author's transl)]. AB - A new technique of anatomical study of cardiac nerves in man is described, and the results of the investigation are reported and discussed. Sections of the heart, 10 micron in thickness, stained with a modification of Masson's trichrome technique, and surrounded by at least 3 nerves fibres as a marker were projected by an ordinary photographic enlarger, and drawn on a polythene foam termoplastic material. The scale drawings were cut and put together to form a scale model of the heart studied in the peripulmonary tissue and between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. The advantages and the limits of this technique are then discussed. PMID- 7213462 TI - [Histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of the liver in certain Chiroptera (Vesperugo savi and Rinolophus f.e.) at different times of year]. PMID- 7213463 TI - [AISP. Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas. Proceedings of the first national convention, Parma, 3 May 1980. Abstracts]. PMID- 7213464 TI - [New data for the identification of Diphyllobothrium sp. in Lake Rupanco, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213465 TI - [New records of anisakid nematodes from Chilean marine fauna (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213466 TI - [Parasitological studies in Merluccius gayi peruanus Gingsburg 1954 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213467 TI - [Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213468 TI - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213469 TI - [Nematodirus spathiger (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in lambs from Balmaceda, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213470 TI - [Marshallagia marshalli in lambs from Balmaceda, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213471 TI - [Human hydatidosis in an area close to a slaughter-house (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213472 TI - [Treatment of Hymenolepis nana infections in children with an oral dose of praziquantel repeated at three-day interval (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213473 TI - [Security and quality control principles in the pharmaceutical industry]. PMID- 7213474 TI - [Pharmaceutical engineering]. PMID- 7213475 TI - [Interpretation of the concept of drug purity]. PMID- 7213476 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological study of new 1,4-disubstituted piperazines. PMID- 7213477 TI - [Control of the N, N-dimethylaniline content of various antibiotics]. PMID- 7213478 TI - [Parenchymal morphology after oxygenated alveolar lavage (L.A.O.) with liquid fluorocarbons]. AB - A series of experiments was carried out to determine histological damages in rabbit's lung, liver, kidney and brain after oxygenated alveolar lavage (L.A.O.). PMID- 7213480 TI - [Arterial and venous microanastomoses in the rat]. AB - Arterial and venous microvascular surgery for diameters smaller than 2 mm are shown with particular care. Some technical devices are put in evidence. Besides their statistical data the Authors present immediate and long term post-operative controls which are usually applied. The most frequent causes of failure are discussed. PMID- 7213479 TI - [Hepatotoxicity of cyclophosphamide in the rat after prolonged treatment: a histomorphological study]. AB - The AA. have examined the toxic effects in rats liver caused by cyclophosphamide (12 mg/kg) chronic administration for 12 months. The toxicity for the liver is moderate and the lesions are not specific. The lesion are various histologic changes, lymphomonocytic infiltration of the peri-portal space, periportal fibrosis and interstitial haemorrhages. Similar lesions with lesser recurrence are also in not treated rats. PMID- 7213481 TI - [Markers of viral replication (HBeAg and DNA polymerase activity) in chronic uremia, HBsAg positive, hemodialysis patients]. AB - The contagiousness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers with end-stage renal disease undergoing chronic hemodialysis has been ascribed to an immunologic tolerance for HBV antigens, especially hepatitis B core antigen, supporting persistently high levels of virus replication. In this context hepatitis B e antigen and core-associated DNA polymerase (DNA P) activity have proved to be distinct markers of HBV replication. In order to evaluate the potential infectivity of these subjects, thirty-five HBsAg positive hemodialysis patients were studied for the presence of HBeAg/anti-HBe system correlating the results with serum DNA P activity. Twenty out of 35 patients were HBeAg positive (57%) and 21 DNA P positive (60%). A highly significant correlation (P less than 0,001) was recorded between detection of HBeAg and presence of serum DNA P activity. These findings confirm that the majority of hemodialysis patients carrying HBsAg show high levels of virus replication so that the determination of HBeAg and DNA P activity other than HBsAg is required for the identification of patients highly infectious. PMID- 7213482 TI - The problem of negative results for styrene in the in vitro mutagenesis test with metabolic activation (microsomal assay). - 2. Behaviour of epoxide hydrolase in the incubation mixtures. AB - The behaviour of epoxide hydrolase and monooxygenase was studied in incubation mixtures for the in vitro mutagenesis test with metabolic activation (microsomal assay) both in the presence and in absence of styrene 50mM. Epoxide hydrolase activity was much more stable than monooxygenase in all tested systems (S-9 fractions or microsomes of rats or mice, males or females) both in the presence and in absence of styrene. Membrane bound epoxide hydrolase was slightly less stable than the soluble one. These results further substantiate the explanation for the negative results of in vitro mutagenesis tests with styrene. PMID- 7213483 TI - Influence of the extraction technique in the assay of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. AB - Various extraction procedures for the assay of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were compared in order to investigate their specificity and accuracy. Extraction with chloroform/methanol followed by chromatography on silicic acid columns was chosen as the reference method. The dried extracts and eluates from column chromatography were used in a competitive protein binding assay. The values obtained using the different extraction procedures without chromatography did not differ significantly, but were constantly higher than the values obtained using the reference method. These results confirm the necessity of a chromatographic step after extraction of samples in the assay of serum 25OHD,, since all the techniques tested 25OHD together with other substances which interfere with the competitive binding assay. Ethanol extraction gave the best recoveries; furthermore this technique is also very simple, therefore it could be considered the best extraction procedure in the assay of 25OHD. PMID- 7213484 TI - Evaluation of sera of various origin as sources of binding protein for the assay of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. AB - The affinity for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) of transport proteins present in sera of various origin was estimated by means of Scatchard plots, using tritiated 25OHD3 as the tracer. Normal and rachitic rat sera showed the highest affinities, human sera showing lower association constants. Serum from normal rats is therefore to be considered the most suitable source of binding protein for the assay of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. PMID- 7213485 TI - [Effect of phenobarbital on hepatic glutathione and GSH-S transferase in the rat]. AB - In the livers of rats treated with phenobarbital an increase of glutathione-S transferase and glutathione is observed. The results suggest that phenobarbital could alter the disposition of certain toxic not only by increasing the rate of formation of less toxic metabolites, but also by increasing the amount of glutathione available for GSH-S-transferase that is involved in the formation of less toxic glutathione conjugates. PMID- 7213486 TI - [Reduced glutathione in rat liver intoxicated with allyl alcohol]. AB - Within 24 h after administration of allyl alcohol the livers showed periportal necrosis and elevation of hepatic glutathione. After 48 h no necrosis was observed in spite of level of hepatic glutathione. The relationship between the hepatic glutathione and liver regeneration is discussed. PMID- 7213488 TI - [18,19,20-trinor-17-cyclohexyl-13,14-dehydro PGF 2 alpha methylester as the cause of hypertension in pulmonary circulation]. AB - The hemodynamic effects of a synthetic compound of PGF 2 alpha have been studied before and after vagosympathectomy. Synthetic PGF 2 alpha caused a marked hypertension in the pulmonary circulation linked with the vasoconstrictor action of this substance on the small lung vessels. A slight hypotension was observed in the denervated animal where the highest values of pulmonary pressure were reached. The authors conclude that this fact may be due to an inhibition of the vasoconstrictor systemic tone secondary to the pulmonary hypertensive state. PMID- 7213489 TI - [Modifications of some cardiorespiratory parameters under a controlled work-load in a group of football players, winners of Italian championship football]. AB - The modifications of some cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters in 18 football players under controlled work-load has been investigated. The results obtained show that by increasing work-load VO2, HR, VE, RR, TV and VA also linearly increase; FiO2-FeO2 steeply increases at he reduced work-load (50 Watt) while at the higher loads (from 100 to 200 Watt) grows with less steep slope. The oxygen consumption evaluated at 200 Watt shows a figure of 50 ml O2/min/Kg, whereas the maxim calculated VO2 goes up to 75,56 ml/min/Kg body weight. PMID- 7213487 TI - [Modifications of the respiratory mechanism induced by administration of 18, 19, 20-trinor-17-cyclohexyl-13, 14-dehydro PGF 2 alpha methyl ester]. AB - The effects on pattern of breathing, on compliance and respiratory resistances of PGF 22 were investigated in anaesthetized pigs before and after vagosympathectomy. A marked increase in respiratory resistance and a decrease in lung compliance simultaneously with a pulmonary congestion were observed. The respiratory changes were considered secondary both to a vagal reflex and to the hemodynamic impairment. PMID- 7213490 TI - [The "Meghetometro": an apparatus to measure the body volume in vivo]. AB - Here above the author describes a new apparatus ("meghetometro") to measure the body volume "in vivo" of infants which will also be utilizable for children and adults, if made of larger size. The working principle of the "meghetometro" is the following. The subject under examination will be put into a container filler with air and his volume will be drawn from the pressure variations produced in the gaseous matter (air) as a consequence of the (known) volume variation of the container itself. The value of the volume is of course only a factor that enables us to go back to the specific weight of the subject taken into consideration. We believe the specific weight may have a considerable clinical importance, for example as a symptom of some cases of disendocrinopathy or as an evaluation element of dehydration and edema. PMID- 7213492 TI - Biochemical differences between the left and right hemispheres. Preliminary observations on choline acetyl transferase (CAT) activity. AB - Choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) activity was studied in different areas in the first temporal gyrus of left and right hemispheres of human brains. The CHAT activity values obtained in all the samples from left hemisphere wee significantly higher than in the right hemisphere. The biochemical data seems to suggest a possible morphological and/or functional differences between the two hemispheres. PMID- 7213491 TI - GH secretion by arginine stimulus: the effect of both low doses and oral arginine administered before standard test. AB - Small arginine doses (2 ml of 10% - 200 mg - arginine monohydrochloride i.v. administered) are capable of provoking a significant GH secretion. No correlation was found between GH peak observed after this administration and that observed after a standard arginine stimulus (24.8 g) performed subsequently. GH response to a standard arginine stimulus was blunted, differently from the response to insulin stimulus, by a previous oral arginine administration. PMID- 7213493 TI - Erythrocytes of different ages: a new method of "in vivo" preparation. AB - This paper describes a new method for obtaining "in vivo" populations of homogeneous erythrocytes of a specific age. This method, proposed for experimental animals, is based on the induction of a large reticulocytosis (about 80%) by the administration of phenylhydrazine and the subsequent synchronized ageing of young red cells present, which is obtained by blocking the erythropoiesis with daily injections of Actinomycin D. The advantage of such a method over those published so far is that it produces substantial quantities of red blood cells of a specific age. A disadvantage however is that it is only possible to obtain cells of up to 30 days old. PMID- 7213494 TI - Studies on the responses of isolated intestine of the Giant African land snail (Archachatina marginata) to drugs. AB - The effects of some drugs on the isolated intestine of the Giant African land snail (Archachatina marginata, Swainson) have been investigated. The isolated intestine of the snail contracted in response to chemical stimulation by some cholinergic and adrenergic drugs. Acetylcholine and its analogues; nicotine and dimethylphenylpiperazinium, contracted the tissue preparation in a dose-related manner. Some also contracted the tissue preparation. These results were taken to imply the presence of cholinergic and sympathetic innervations in the tissue. The receptors present in the muscle have been classified as: (1) "nicotinic" and "muscarinic" cholinoreceptors, and (2) "alpha"-adrenoceptors respectively. PMID- 7213495 TI - Coenzyme Q10 levels in rat heart of different age. AB - CoQ10 is intrinsic to human tissues and is a vitamin, according to the basic science of nutrition. It is known that CoQ10, plays a role in the respiratory process, moreover it seems to be involved in the mechanism of blood coagulation. As a vitamin a deficiency of CoQ10 may be related to some disease, that is, first of all, a disease is bioenergetics. It has been demonstrated that during aging, other than a diminution of EFA (and an increase of palmitoleic and eicosatrienoic fatty acids), a decrease of about the 20-30% in the heart CoQ10 levels occurs in the rat. Perhaps these modifications may be intrinsic to the "biochemical" changes of aging. PMID- 7213496 TI - Nutritional aspects of trans fatty acids. Note I. Their accumulation in tissue lipids of rats fed with normolipidic diets containing margarine. AB - The fatty acid composition of extracts from organs of rats fed with normolipidic diets-either olive oil or sunflower margarine-has been determined in order to evaluate the influence of alimentary lipids on the storage of fatty acids in the animals liver, kidney, heart, adipose tissue and brain. The data obtained clearly showed that elaidized feeds caused an increase of trans-fatty acids in all the organs, although in different relative amounts, unrelated with the increase of these geometric isomers in the diet. Moreover it was found that the administration of trans fatty acid rich diets influenced the accumulation of essential fatty acids in the organs. PMID- 7213497 TI - Effect of actinomycin D on serum betalipoproteins of partially hepatectomized dogs. I. Proteins, lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol. AB - Effect of partial hepatectomy on serum and its betalipoprotein protein, lipids, triglycerides, free and esterified cholesterol in dogs has been studied up to 48 hrs after surgery. Effect of actinomycin D has also been studied on the serum and betalipoprotein, lipids, triglycerides, free and esterified cholesterol in regenerating dog liver. Partial hepatectomy generally reduced the concentration of above components of serum and betalipoprotein. However, administration of actinomycin D to partially hepatectomized dogs tended to prevent the decrease in serum and betalipoprotein components observed in hepatectomized dogs. The effect of actinomycin D was more pronounced on serum and betalipoprotein esterified cholesterol, concentration which were increased as compared to partially hepatectomized dogs. PMID- 7213498 TI - Effect of actinomycin D on serum betalipoproteins of partially hepatectomized dogs. II - Phospholipids. AB - Effect of partial hepatectomy and administration of actinomycin D to partially hepatectomized dogs was studied on the amounts of serum and betalipoprotein phospholipids and incorporation of NaH2 32PO4 into various phospholipid at various periods after surgery. Partial hepatectomy generally did not affect the amounts of various phospholipids as compared to the sham operated controls, though the values in experimental dogs were lower than the control. Actinomycin D did not affect serum and betalipoprotein phospholipids as compared to the sham operated controls. Partial hepatectomy reduced the incorporation of NaH2 32PO4 into all phospholipid components of serum and betalipoprotein as compared to sham operated controls. However, administration of actinomycin D to partially hepatectomized dogs stimulated the incorporation of NaH2 32PO4 into all serum and betalipoprotein phospholipid components, being more prominent in the case of lysophosphatidyl-choline as compared to the partially hepatectomized dogs. PMID- 7213500 TI - histochromatography of brain phospholipids. PMID- 7213499 TI - Effect of actinomycin D on serum betalipoproteins of partially hepatectomized dogs. III - Fatty acid distribution. AB - Effect of administration of actinomycin D to partially hepatectomized dogs has been studied on various neutral and phospholipid components of serum and its beta lipoprotein fraction. Partial hepatectomy altered distribution of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acid in various components of neutral lipids and phospholipids of serum and its dextran sulphate precipitable fraction. Administration of actinomycin D to partially hepatectomized dogs reduced the levels of stearic acid and linoleic acid and increased that of oleic acid in triglyceride component; reduced the levels of oleic and linoleic acids in esterified cholesterol; raised the levels of stearic acid of phosphatidyl choline and reduced the levels of linoleic and palmitic acid of lysophosphatidyl choline. PMID- 7213504 TI - Clinical trials, reviews, and the Journal of Negative Results. AB - 1 Eighteen our of twenty non-significant placebo controlled trials are shown to have trends favouring imipramine and are consistent with a further ten significant at 0.05. 2 The problems of falsely positive and falsely negative results are discussed. A plea is made to medical journal editors to publish 'negative' or null difference trials by title only; rather than not at all. PMID- 7213501 TI - Salivary elimination of pyrimethamine. PMID- 7213502 TI - The effect of mianserin on urinary catecholamine excretion in psychiatric patients. PMID- 7213503 TI - The effects of a combination of piretanide and triamterene in healthy subjects. PMID- 7213505 TI - Pethidine clearance during continuous intravenous infusions in postoperative patients. AB - 1 Pethidine pharmacokinetics in ten female patients during continuous i.v. infusion for 32 h post-surgery have been determined. 2 The blood clearance of pethidine (mean +/- 2.d.) measured directly was 599 +/- 135 ml/min and is in marked contrast to some reported values. 3 Other model-dependent pharmacokinetic parameters were consistent with previously reported values. 4 Pethidine and indocyanine green clearance were correlated but the correlation was mediated through body weight. 5 Pethidine clearance and steady state concentration were predictable retrospectively from linear multivariable equations involving simple physical characteristics of the patient. PMID- 7213506 TI - Does the frequency of daily dosage influence compliance with digoxin therapy? AB - 1 The influence of daily dosage frequency on drug compliance has been studied in 80 outpatients for whom maintenance digoxin 0.25 mg daily had been prescribed. 2 Each patient took one tablet (0.25 mg) daily, two tablets (0.125 mg) daily and four tablets (0.0625 mg) daily in randomised order for 2 month periods. 3 Compliance was assessed by tablet counting and by serial measurement of the plasma digoxin concentration. 4 Of the 67 patients (100%) who could have completed the study, 19 (28.4%) were withdrawal for a variety of reasons; in the majority these were consistent with gross non-compliance. 5 The remaining 48 patients (71.6%) took significantly more tablets when prescribed once daily (98.5 +/- 1.0% of the total) or twice daily (96.4 +/- 1.6%) than when given four times daily (92.2 +/- 1.9%). However, there were no significant differences between the plasma digoxin levels obtained at the three dosage frequencies. 6 We conclude that the small improvement in compliance with once or twice daily dosage was clinically unimportant. Dosage frequency did not appear to have a major influence on the grossly non-compliant patients. PMID- 7213507 TI - Prediction of phenytoin dosage in relation to the variability of phenytoin plasma concentration. AB - 1 In a model study the influence of some variables on the accuracy of predictions of phenytoin doses which should produce desired plasma concentrations were studied. All predictions were extrapolations from low test doses with concurrent observations of plasma concentrations. 2 The variables in introduced were:- Variability in observed plasma concentration;--Variability in applied test doses; -Variability in patient characteristics as expressed in Km and Vmax values. 3 The model study generated the same sort of result as a previous one, executed in practice (Driessen. Van der Velde + Hoppener, 1980), i.e. predictions are often inaccurate and of the method tested (Richens & Dunlop, 1975; Ludden, Hawkins, Allen & Hoffman, 1976; Martin, Tozer, Sheiner & Riegelman, 1977; Rambeck, Boenigk, Dunlop, Mullen, Wadsworth & Richens, 1980), Richens' first nomogram (Richens & Dunlop, 1975) is to be preferred. PMID- 7213508 TI - The clinical assessment of depression. PMID- 7213509 TI - Inhibition of gastric acid secretion with a mast cell stabiliser, FPL-52694. AB - 1 The effect on gastric acid secretion of a mast cell stabiliser FPL-52694 was examined in nine healthy volunteers. 2 The compound which is moderately well absorbed after oral ingestion, was taken for 5 days prior to the measurement of acid secretion and was also given intravenously during part of the gastric test. A submaximal dose of pentagastrin (0.3 microgram/kg/h) was given by intravenous infusion for 2 h in a controlled test and then after administration of FPL-52694. 3 There was a significant reduction (37%) in acid secretion during the second test which was probably due to the effect of the compound on mast cell degranulation in the gastric mucosa. PMID- 7213511 TI - Acute effect of high dose (48 mg) of piretanide in advanced renal insufficiency. AB - 1 The acute effects of a high dose of piretanide, a new potent diuretic were studied in eight patients with severely impaired renal function (GFR between 0.09 and 0.17 ml s-1 1.73 m-2). 2 After hydration and following two control periods, a single dose of 48 mg piretanide was ingested. Thereafter, urine was collected every 30 min for 2 h and every hour for the next 4 h. Urinary fluid losses were replaced orally (100 ml of water ever hour) and intravenously (isotonic saline + glucose infusion). 3 The following measurements were made: urine flow rate, clearances of inulin, PAH, urea, creatinine, uric acid, osmolar and free water clearances, excretion rates of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphate, bicarbonate, ammonium, titratable acidity and urine pH. 4 Piretanide (48 mg) appeared to be effective in advanced renal insufficiency, producing a significant increase in urine flow rate, in sodium, chloride, potassium and calcium excretion and in Cosm. 5 There was no significant change in GFR, as measured by inulin clearance, or in the other measured parameters. PMID- 7213510 TI - A comparison of the effects of hydrallazine, diazoxide, sodium nitrite and sodium nitroprusside on human isolated arteries and veins. AB - 1 Human common palmar digital arteries and dorsal metacarpal veins have been studied in vitro to investigate the responses of arterial and venous muscle to hydrallazine, diazoxide, nitroprusside and sodium nitrite. 2 Tissues were removed at autopsy, cut into helical strips and suspended in organ baths under identical conditions. The contractile response to noradrenaline was tested in the presence of the same concentrations of the vasodilator drugs in arteries and veins. 3 Hydrallazine antagonised contraction of arteries, but not veins to noradrenaline. Diazoxide, nitroprusside or sodium nitrite antagonised responses in both arteries and veins. Diazoxide and nitrite were more effective on arteries and nitroprusside was more effective on veins. 4 These results are in accord with clinical observations and confirm that there are differences in the susceptibility of human arterial and venous smooth muscle to vasorelaxant drugs. PMID- 7213512 TI - Ibopamine (SB 7505) in normal subjects and in chronic renal failure: a preliminary report. AB - 1 Pharmacological and experimental studies have shown that ibopamine (SB 7505, di isobutyric ester of N-methyldopamine) is capable of increasing renal blood flow, diuresis, urinary sodium, potassium and creatinine excretion. 2 SB 7505 was given to twelve volunteer patients, six of whom had normal renal function and six with various degrees of chronic renal impairment. 3 In both groups the drug yielded a prompt increase in urinary excretion of water, sodium and potassium, while creatinine clearance was also seen to increase. 4 Heart rate and arterial pressure were unaffected by SB 7505 in all patients. 5 Results seen encouraging and call for further study on the proper use of the drug in clinical nephrology. PMID- 7213513 TI - Radioimmunoassay for perphenazine in human plasma. AB - 1 A new sensitive, specific and rapid radioimmunoassay procedure for the determination of plasma concentrations of the neuroleptic drug perphenazine is described. 2 The antiserum developed for perphenazine did not cross-react with most of the major metabolites of perphenazine nor the tricyclic antidepressants and antianxiety agents commonly co-administered with the drug. 3 The assay, based on the above antiserum, enabled the quantitation of 50 pg of the drug in 200 microliters of plasma with a coefficient of variation of about 8% and therefore should be applicable for single dose pharmacokinetic studies, as well as therapeutic monitoring of the drug in patients. PMID- 7213514 TI - Evidence for an enzymatic defect in the 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine by human liver. PMID- 7213515 TI - Enhanced drug metabolism and renal dysfunction. PMID- 7213517 TI - The digoxin-quinidine interaction: serum protein binding unlikely to be involved. PMID- 7213516 TI - Cimetidine and cerebral blood flow in elderly patients. PMID- 7213518 TI - Effect of pregnenolone--16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) on bilirubin clearance in man. PMID- 7213519 TI - Spironolactone in thiazide-induced hypokalaemia: variable response between patients. AB - 1 The influence of spironolactone 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg daily, and placebo, on plasma potassium and other variables was examined in a random crossover study of 15 hypertensive patients taking bendrofluazide 10 mg daily. 2 Spironolactone produced significant dose-related increases in plasma potassium and aldosterone, and reductions in plasma sodium and bicarbonate. 3 In 14 compliant patients plasma concentrations of the major metabolite canrenone were related linearly to the dose of spironolactone, and there was less than twofold variation between patients. The plasma canrenone concentration correlated negatively with body weight (r = -0.77, P less than 0.001). 4 The plasma potassium response to spironolactone varied sevenfold between compliant patients. The response correlated negatively with placebo plasma potassium (r = -0.62, P less than 0.02), positively with plasma canrenone (r = +0.55, P less than 0.05), but was unrelated to plasma aldosterone (r = -0.22). In one patient relative resistance to spironolactone was attributed to exaggerated secondary hyperaldosteronism induced by the drug. 5 The variability in response to spironolactone between patients is such that fixed dose thiazide-spironolactone combination tablets are unlikely to prevent hypokalaemia reliably. PMID- 7213520 TI - Morphine-like insomnia from heroin in nondependent human addicts. AB - 1 This study was performed because dose-related effects of heroin on human sleep had not been described previously, and to discover if heroin produces a morphine like insomnia. 2 After three adaptation nights, the sleep of seven male nondependent opiate addicts was studied following i.m. doses of heroin (3, 6, 12 mg/70 kg), morphine (10, 20 mg/70 kg) or placebo at weekly intervals in a randomized double-blind crossover design. 3 Heroin produces a dose-related increase in wakefulness, drowsiness episodes, muscle tension, and shifts in sleep waking states. 4 Heroin produces a dose-related decrease in total sleep, sleep efficiency, delta sleep and REM sleep (REMS). 5 Heroin is about twice as potent as morphine in producing this type of insomnia. 6 'Morphine insomnia' appears to be a characteristic initial effect of several opioids, at least in nondependent opiate addicts, and might serve as a model insomnia for evaluation of hypnotics. PMID- 7213521 TI - Pharmacokinetics of digoxin in patients subjected to the quinidine-digoxin interaction. AB - 1 This study was designed to evaluate pharmacokinetically the digoxin-quinidine interaction in patients with atrial fibrillation. 2 Five patients on maintenance digoxin therapy were given [3H]-digoxin as a single i.v. dose before and during quinidine therapy and the elimination of [3H]-digoxin from plasma and excretion in urine were determined. 3 The mean steady state plasma concentration of digoxin increased from 0.7 to 1.3 nmol/l after quinidine administration. 4 The apparent volume of distribution of digoxin decreased on the average 38%. Renal clearance and the total body clearance of digoxin decreased 51 and 56% respectively (mean values). Also non renal clearance was reduced. The fraction of digoxin excreted unmetabolised in urine did not change during quinidine treatment. The mean elimination half life of digoxin increased from 49 to 72 h during quinidine. 5 In two patients the DC-shock did not cause a conversion to sinus rhythm. However, the quinidine induced changes in the pharmacokinetics of digoxin in these patients did not differ from the others. 6 Quinidine appears to decrease the amount of digoxin distributed to body tissue(s). In addition, the reduction of renal clearance of digoxin and the observed unchanged clearance of creatinine suggests an inhibition of the renal secretion of digoxin. PMID- 7213523 TI - Theophylline-salbutamol interaction: bronchodilator response to salbutamol at maximally effective plasma theophylline concentrations. AB - 1 The effect of inhaled salbutamol following a maximally effective dose of theophylline given by intravenous infusion was determined in 12 patients with chronic bronchitis. 2 An initial single intravenous dose study was performed to estimate each patient's theophylline kinetics and to identify those patients who would respond to theophylline. 3 Pulmonary function was assessed at hourly intervals during four to five incremental steady state theophylline infusions over the concentration range 5-25 mg/l. 4 Inhaled salbutamol (400 micrograms) was administered after the maximum effect from theophylline had been achieved or when theophylline concentrations reached 25 mg/l without maximum effect: pulmonary function was again assessed. 5 Ten patients achieved a further significant improvement in pulmonary function after salbutamol: in five, predicted values for FVC were exceeded. 6 Patients with chronic bronchitis may benefit from the combination of theophylline and salbutamol if steady state theophylline concentrations of 15-20 mg/l are achieved. PMID- 7213522 TI - The effect of quinidine and its metabolites on the electrocardiogram and systolic time intervals: concentration--effect relationships. AB - 1 A combined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model has been used to analyze the relationship between electrocardiographic (ECG) and systolic time intervals (STI) and changes in plasma concentration of quinidine after oral and i.v. doses in ten normal subjects. 2 The major effects of quinidine were on cardiac repolarization. Contrary to previous descriptions, we found no important change in the U wave, but the T wave was split into two peaks. The amplitude of these two peaks (T and T') was reduced, and the QT' peak and QT intervals were prolonged. The QT peak interval and systolic intervals did not change appreciably. There were small increases in the PQ and QRS intervals. 3 The effect of quinidine on the QT interval could be explained by a linear pharmacodynamic model. The equilibration between plasma and effect site had a half-time of 8 min. The slope of the pharmacodynamic model was 20.3 ms . mg 1(-1) after i.v. dosing and 33.5 ms . mg 1(-1) after oral dosing. 4 The difference in effect model slopes suggests pharmacologically active metabolites of quinidine are formed during absorption from the gut. 5 The total effect of a single oral dose of quinidine appears to be the same as the same dose given intravenously, even though only 70% of the oral dose reaches the systemic circulation as quinidine. PMID- 7213524 TI - The interaction of tyramine with a single dose of tranylcypromine in healthy volunteers. PMID- 7213525 TI - A new technique for recording compliance of human hand veins. AB - 1 A new technique for determining venous compliance at a standardized congestion pressure has been developed based on the optical method described by Nachev, Collier & Robinson (1971). It uses a linear variable differential transformer for a direct and continuous recording of venous compliance. 2 This method has been used to establish dose-response curves for the constrictor effects of noradrenaline, adrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dihydroergotamine after direct local infusion. 3 A parallel shift to the right of the noradrenaline dose response curves was observed after local infusion of phentolamine, showing that the method can be used also to study interactions between agonists and antagonists on human veins in vivo. The usefulness of this technique for investigating the effects of orally administered drugs has also been established. The venoconstrictor action of dihydroergotamine reached its maximum after 1.5 h and remained almost constant for the period of observation (8 h). PMID- 7213527 TI - Acute effects of acebutolol on cardiovascular function in man. AB - 1 The acute cardiovascular effects of acebutolol were measured at constant paced heart rate in thirteen patients investigated for possible coronary artery disease, six of whom showed significant coronary stenosis with regional myocardial dysfunction, seven of whom proved normal. Acebutolol 0.75 mg/kg i.v. was given to three patients with coronary artery disease and three normals, and 1 mg/kg i.v. to the other patients.2 Measurements were made of cardiac output, left ventricular and arterial pressures, and left ventricular angiography. Isovolumic and ejection phase parameters of left ventricular function, and systemic vascular resistance were derived. Plasma levels of acebutolol were measured. 3 The acute effects of acebutolol were a slight fall in cardiac output, LV dp/dt and dP/dt/P. There was no change in LV or arterial pressures, no consistent change in LVEDP or EDV, and no consistent change in ejection fraction or mean VCF. These changes imply a small negative inotropic effect, more marked at the higher dose. 4 The effects of acebutolol differed in patients with ischaemic heart disease compared with normals in that LVEDP and EDV increased, mean VCF decreased and cardiac output was lowered more. 5 These data are consistent with myocardial and vascular effects of beta-adrenoceptor blockade more marked at the higher dose and more marked in patients with ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 7213526 TI - Sex-related differences in the plasma protein binding of lignocaine and diazepam. AB - 1 The percentage of lignocaine free in the plasma of ten females receiving oral contraceptive medication was significantly greater than in 17 males of similar age (18--42 years). 2 In the same subjects the percentage of diazepam free in plasma was significantly greater in the contraceptive treated group than in 11 contraceptive-free females and significantly greater in contraceptive-free females than in males. 3 The differences in lignocaine binding were almost completely attributable to changes in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration, which is reduced by oestrogens. The binding of diazepam was significantly related to albumin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations which together were related to 55% of the variation in the binding of this basic compound. PMID- 7213528 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of theophylline and aminophylline in man. AB - 1 The pharmacokinetics of theophylline and aminophylline was compared after oral administration and intravenous infusion. 2 Theophylline (250 mg) and aminophylline (390 mg) were taken orally by eight healthy volunteers in a randomized cross-over study. 3 In another cross-over study theophylline and aminophylline were administered intravenously to six healthy volunteers at a dose corresponding to 5 mg/kg pure theophylline. 4 The protein binding of the theophylline in serum collected during the intravenous study was studied by ultrafiltration. The serum concentration of theophylline was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. 5 Almost identical concentration-time curves were found for theophylline and aminophylline in both of the studies. No significant difference was found in the pharmacokinetic parameters or protein binding with the two preparations. PMID- 7213529 TI - The effect of enzyme induction on the metabolism of disopyramide in man. AB - 1 The effects of rifampicin, phenytoin, and disopyramide treatments on the metabolism of disopyramide were studied in patients and volunteers. 2 Rifampicin treatment markedly increased the metabolism of disopyramide. 3 Phenytoin had effects similar to those of rifampicin. The effect subsided in 2 weeks after stopping the treatment. 4 The metabolism of disopyramide seemed fastest in the patient group with the higher dose of disopyramide. Both in patients and volunteers a significant increase occurred in the urinary mono-N dealkyldisopyramide/disopyramide ratio during the first week of disopyramide therapy. This change can partly be due to pharmacokinetic differences between disopyramide and its metabolite. The inducing effect of disopyramide remained uncertain. PMID- 7213530 TI - The effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol and its metabolites. AB - 1 Plasma concentrations of metoprolol and a pharmacologically active metabolite, H119/66, have been measured in young and elderly volunteers after a single dose of 100 mg metoprolol tartrate and after repeated administrated over a period of 1 week. Whilst concentrations of metoprolol are similar in each group, concentrations of H119/66 are approximately twice as high in the elderly. 2 Concentrations of unchanged metoprolol and of the major, but pharmacologically inactive, metabolite, H117/04, together with the two active metabolites of metoprolol have been determined in urine. Only the excretion of metoprolol was diminished in the elderly. 3 Areas under the plasma concentration curve for metoprolol after repeated administration are greater than would be predicted from single dose data, and possible explanations for this are discussed. Concentrations of the pharmacologically active metabolite, H119/66, remain unaltered during chronic dosing of metoprolol. 4 This study has shown that the effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol and its metabolites is less pronounced than that observed for other drugs. PMID- 7213532 TI - Normal pharmacokinetics of doxapramin in a patient with renal failure and hypothyroidism. PMID- 7213531 TI - Effect of naproxen on glucose metabolism and tolbutamide kinetics and dynamics in maturity onset diabetics. AB - 1 The influence of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen on glucose metabolism and on tolbutamide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has been studied in ten maturity-onset diabetics. 2 Comparison of both plasma glucose decay curves and insulin responses during an intravenous glucose tolerance test before and after eight 12 hourly doses of naproxen revealed that naproxen had no significant influence on fasting glucose levels or on rates of glucose elimination. 3 When the subjects were given a combination of naproxen and tolbutamide for 3 days naproxen had no influence on tolbutamide absorption, protein binding, disposition or pharmacological effect. 4 Treatment with tolbutamide in maturity-onset diabetics need not be modified if concurrent administration of naproxen is contemplated. PMID- 7213533 TI - Possible mechanisms of action of oxyfedrine as an antianginal drug. PMID- 7213534 TI - The effects of intravenous disopyramide on cerebral blood flow in volunteers. PMID- 7213535 TI - Clinical pharmacology of prazosin: further discussion. PMID- 7213537 TI - Ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of pleural disease. AB - A-mode ultrasound investigation has been performed in 62 patients, of whom 35 presented problems of diagnosis and management of pleural disease. In seven patients with known pleural effusion in whom aspiration had failed ultrasound correctly identified fluid at a site different from the aspiration attempts and in all seven cases it weas successfully removed. The remaining 28 patients had the radiographic appearances of localized pleural disease and ultrasound correctly distinguished fluid and solid lesions in 26. We found ultrasound to be a simple and reliable technique which was particularly valuable in locating fluid for aspiration and in distinguishing between fluid and pleural thickening. The simplicity and 'bedside' availability of ultrasound offered certain practical advantages over radiography. PMID- 7213536 TI - A pathological study following bronchial artery embolization for haemoptysis in cystic fibrosis. AB - A detailed post-mortem study is reported on an adult with cystic fibrosis who died in respiratory failure three weeks after selective bronchial artery embolization with gelatin sponge to treat severe haemoptysis. Bronchial arteriography during the procedure showed complete occlusion of the vessel supplying the righ upper lobe and following this the bleeding stopped. However, post-mortem angiography of the same vessel demonstrated disappearance of much of the injected material with contrast bypassing the remaining gelatin to fill the peripheral bronchial arterial bed. This report therefore adds pathological evidence to previous clinical reports which have suggested that this procedure may not produce permanent occlusion of the embolised bronchial artery. PMID- 7213538 TI - Endothelial cell pavement pattern in the pulmonary trunk in rats in chronic hypoxia. AB - Right ventricular hypertrophy, and by inference pulmonary arterial hypertension, were induced in female Wistar Albino rats by subjecting them to a barometric pressure of 380 mmHg for four weeks. A control group was kept at normal barometric pressure for a similar period of time. The cell boundaries of the endothelial lining of the aorta, pulmonary trunk and inferior vena cava were stained in situ by a modified silver method of Poole et al. (1958). Photomicrographs of the intimal surfaces of these blood vessels at a standard magnification were used to determine the length, breadth and area of the cells. In the control rats the endothelial cells were found to have a characteristic shape and size in each of the three vessels studied. Those of the aorta were small and elongated in the direction of blood flow with tapering ends. The endothelial cells of the inferior vena cava were rectangular. Those of the pulmonary trunk were polygonal and had tessellated borders. In the test rats with right ventricular hypertrophy induced by chronic hypoxia the endothelial cell pavement pattern of the pulmonary trunk changed to resemble that of the aorta. It is considered that this was an expression of the acquired pulmonary hypertension, the fusiform shape appearing appropriate for an elevated pressure. PMID- 7213539 TI - Tuberculosis of superficial lymph nodes. AB - A retrospective survey of all patients with superficial lymph node tuberculosis in the London Borough of Brent notified between 1972 and 1976 is reported. There were 239 patients, of whom 79% were of Afro-Asian or Indo-Asian origin. The annual number of cases increased from 28 in 1972 to 69 in 1976. Of immigrant patients 75% developed the disease within five years of entry of the country. The nodes affected were overwhelmingly cervical or supraclavicular (93%) and in 80% only the superficial lymph nodes of the neck were involved. Treatment was with chemotherapy, latterly with rifampicin and isoniazid for nine months with initial ethambutol. Initially surgery was commonly used to confirm the diagnosis (85% in 1972), but much less often by 1976 (49%). In no case, when a clinical diagnosis had been made, was that diagnosis found to be wrong on subsequent biopsy. Only four relapses were recorded in a follow up period of up to four years. PMID- 7213540 TI - Active pulmonary tuberculosis discovered at post-mortem examination of the lungs of black miners. AB - The prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumoconiosis in black mine workers who died while working on mines and came to autopsy is reported. All black mine workers are regularly examined radiologically during life and those with pulmonary tuberculosis or pneumoconiosis are compensated and sent home (after treatment in the case of tuberculosis) and would not enter this autopsy series. Details are given of the prevalence of tuberculosis separately for gold, coal and asbestos miners. Tuberculosis was age-related in all three cases. In black gold miners the presence of a slight degree of silicosis not detected radiologically in life was associated with a significantly increased prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis compared to gold miners without silicosis. This was not found to be the case in those in whom asbestosis or coal workers' pneumoconiosis was found at autopsy. PMID- 7213541 TI - Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen and survival after resection of lung cancer. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured preoperatively in 43 patients who underwent complete resection of primary lung cancer. 7 of 43 patients (17%) had CEA levels in the cancer diagnostic range (greater than 40.9 microgram/litre), non of whom survived longer than 10 months. At two years, it was apparent that those patients with a preoperative CEA less than 21 microgram had a better survival rate than those with a CEA21-40.9 microgram/litre (P less than 0.005). PMID- 7213542 TI - Training aid for pressurized inhalers. PMID- 7213543 TI - Acute gouty arthritis following ethambutol therapy. AB - Two cases of ethambutol-induced hyperuricaemia associated with gouty arthralgia are reported. Withdrawal of ethambutol led to remission of symptoms in both cases. PMID- 7213544 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Three cases of intrathoracic Hodgkin's disease are reported, in which spontaneous pneumothorax complicated the course of the disease. Factors related to this unusual complication are discussed. PMID- 7213545 TI - The production and perception by profoundly deaf children of syntactic time cues in English. PMID- 7213546 TI - Capacity and strategies of educationally subnormal boys on serial and discrete tasks involving movement speed. PMID- 7213547 TI - Human dermal microvasculature: I. Its segmental differentiation. Light and electron microscopic study. AB - Light microscopic examination of I micrometer thick epoxy resin sections of human skin preserved in fixative normally used for electron microscopy allows division of the microvasculature of the reticular and superficial dermis into several distinct segments. More precise delineation of these components can be achieved by correlative study using electron microscopy. Measurement of vessel diameter in tissue sections is of limited value in vessel classification because there is a wide overlap between different vascular segments and the results are influenced by the type of fixative used for processing the tissue. Detailed observation of the morphological characteristics of the endothelium and its investment, including the elastic and basal laminae, is consider preferable for identifying individual vascular segments. Differences in body region do not appear to have any obvious influence on vessel structure although there are regional differences in vessel density and arrangement. In comparison with earlier studies on animal tissues or human skin, no structures resembling arteriovenous shunts or precapillary sphincters were observed in the present investigation. However, closed fenestrae and other structures thought to be transendothelial channels were often found at the tips of capillary loops adjacent to the epidermis. PMID- 7213548 TI - Follicular psoriasis. AB - This is a report on ten patients with follicular psoriasis. Two distinct clinical types could be distinguished. An adult form, seen especially in women, presented with widespread psoriasis in which follicular lesions occurred on both thighs as part of the efflorescence. Follicular lesions were aggregated to form isolated asymmetrical plaques on the trunks of children with inactive psoriasis. The histological findings in follicular psoriasis varied according to the age of the lesion. In the early lesion there was a marked dermal infiltrate in which the mast cells were prominent but the hair follicle appeared normal. Older lesions were found to have nucleated cells in the ostium of the follicle. These findings suggest that the hair follicle may be affected as part of psoriatic involvement of the integument. PMID- 7213550 TI - The influence of ultraviolet radiation on allergic contact dermatitis in the guinea-pig. II. Psoralen/UVA radiation. AB - Guinea-pigs were sensitized by percutaneous application of dinitrochlorobenzene and exposed to UVA (320-400 nm) radiation following systemic administration of methoxsalen. This treatment diminished the response to an elicitation dose of the hapten administered 14 days later within the site of irradiation. The site of elicitation of the allergic response had to be included in the field of exposure, an reduction of the allergic response was observed only when the exposure to radiation was commenced at the time of induction of contact allergy. Established contact skin sensitivity was not affected by radiation. PMID- 7213549 TI - The influence of ultraviolet radiation on allergic contact dermatitis in the guinea-pig. I. UVB radiation. AB - Guniea-pigs were sensitized by percutaneous application of dinitrochlorobenzene and exposed to UVB (280-320 nm) radiation. The exposure to radiation diminished the response to an elicitation dose of the hapten administered 14 days later within the site of irradiation. The exposure dose of radiation required to produce this effect resulted in a marked erythemal response, but this response did not conceal the contact allergic reaction. The site of elicitation of the allergic response had to be included in the exposure field. PMID- 7213551 TI - Topical treatment of recurrent herpes simplex and post-herpetic erythema multiforme with low concentrations of zinc sulphate solution. AB - The preventive effect of low concentrations of zinc sulphate solution in recurrent herpes simplex of the skin and oral mucous membrane is reported. Treatment with zinc sulphate solution of the skin at the site of the herpetic infection also prevents relapse of post-herpetic erythema multiforme. For the skin, 0.025-0.05%, and for the oral mucous membrane, 0.01-0.025% zinc sulphate solution was used. PMID- 7213552 TI - Dapsone and severe hypoalbuminaemia in dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - A case of severe hypoalbuminaemia in a patient on long-term dapsone treatment for dermatitis herpetiformis is described. The mechanism for this complication is uncertain, but increased intravascular albumin catabolism has been suggested. PMID- 7213553 TI - Ketotifen and terbutaline in urticaria. PMID- 7213554 TI - Serum immunoglobulins in lichen planus. PMID- 7213555 TI - Arylsulphatases in tumours. PMID- 7213556 TI - The kinetics of metaphase arrest in human psoriatic epidermis: an examination of optimal experimental conditions for determining the birth rate. AB - The optimum experimental conditions have been investigated for the measurement of the birth-rate in human psoriatic epidermis using the vinca alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine. The dose response characteristics of the two drugs were assessed over a 2.5 h collection period; although the dose response characteristics differed between the two agents, a dose of 1 microgram injected intradermally was considered to be optimal for both. The linearity of metaphase correction was assessed for both agents, taking biopsies for up to 10 h after injection. It was found that there was a delay period for up to an hour which must be avoided during the analysis to prevent an underestimate of the birth rate. However, linearity was then demonstrated for up to 4 h after injection. Metaphase degeneration was assessed by isolating a cohort of unlabelled cells in the G2 phase and tracing their fate over the next 10 h. It was found that the minimum life of an arrested metaphase was of the order of 4 h, and then metaphases degenerated at the rate of approximately 0.4% per hour. It is recommended that metaphase arrest experiments in psoriatic epidermis be confined to 4 h although, if required, correction factors are available to correct for experiments which are lengthened. Finally it is shown that flux into DNA synthesis exceeds the flux into mitosis by four or five times; several explanations are considered, and it is thought that the most likely explanation involves the death of psoriatic cells in the G2 phase. PMID- 7213557 TI - An attempt to use vincristine and colcemid to measure proliferative rates in normal human epidermis in vivo. AB - A range of doses of vincristine (0.5-10 micrograms) or colcemid (5-100 micrograms) injected intradermally into normal volunteers failed to yield any significant accumulation of arrested mitoses. This was despite an apparently successful block of cells in metaphase by the highest three doses of each drug. Possible reasons for the failure to see accumulation are discussed. The results suggest that normal human epidermis is not a suitable system for application of the metaphase-arrest technique using intradermal injection. PMID- 7213559 TI - Flow cytometry as a tool for the study of cell kinetics in skin 2. Cell kinetic data in psoriasis. AB - Flow cytometry was used to measure the DNA content of epidermal keratinocytes from psoriatic patients. Gross deviations were found in the lesions and minor but significant changes in the uninvolved skin. Statistical analysis revealed that the rather large variation in the DNA distribution of the lesions was due to inter-individual differences rather than to intra-individual differences. The duration of the S-phase seemed to be prolonged in the lesion, but the length of the overall cell cycle might be of the same order as that of normal skin. PMID- 7213558 TI - Pityriasis rubra pilaris: epidermal cell kinetics. AB - Epidermal proliferative kinetics were studied in a patient with pityriasis rubra pilaris. Elevated proliferative indices (flash labelling and mitotic indices) were apparent compared with normal epidermis and measurements of the birth rate indicate that the rate of epidermal cell production was similar to that found in psoriasis, and equalled 11.8 cells/1000 germinative cells/h; this suggests a cell cycle time of 60 h. Contemporaneous measurements of the rate of entry into DNA synthesis showed values similar to the rate of entry into mitosis; hence there is no G2 cell loss as appears to occur in the hyperproliferative psoriatic epidermis. PMID- 7213560 TI - Autoradiographic investigations on the cell kinetics of epidermis and periderm of limb buds from mouse embryos in vitro. AB - Upper limb buds of mouse embryos (day 11 + 3 h of development) were cultured for 6 days. During this time the epidermis develops from a two-layered stage, consisting of a basal cell layer and a periderm cell layer, to a multilayered squamous epithelium with a stratum granulosum and a stratum corneum. To investigate the cell kinetics of epidermis and periderm during epidermogenesis the limb buds were labelled with 3H-thymidine at different stages of development. The migration of labelled cells was studied on day 3 in vitro. In the first period of development, before a stratum granulosum has differentiated, each individual cell layer of the epidermis has a cell cycle of its own, i.e. once it has developed each cell layer grows independent of the other. The switching from horizontal to vertical proliferation starts on day 4 of culture with the appearance of the stratum granulosum and is completed on day 5 when a corneal layer begins to develop. With the appearance of the stratum corneum the limb bud shows the typical proliferation of the adult epidermis, which is regenerating only from the basal layer. The labeling behaviour of periderm cells also shows that these cells have a cell cycle of their own and are not formed by cells migrating from the epidermis in an upward direction. PMID- 7213561 TI - Factitious urticaria: red dermographism. AB - A type of reaction of the skin to superficial trauma is described which differs from ordinary dermographism. This is more easily evoked by rubbing and consists of an erythematous band in which diffuse wealing develops which can be palpated and more easily demonstrated by stretching the skin. Ordinary dermographism is excluded since a scratch as usually employed to demonstrate this produces erythema and not a well-defined raised weal. Forty patients who showed this reaction are described and it was also seen in three out of 100 normal subjects tested. PMID- 7213562 TI - Further evidence for increased light sensitivity in patients with malignant melanoma. AB - Minimal erythema dose (MED), immediate pigment darkening (IPD) and skin typing were performed on 130 patients with malignant melanoma and on seventy-three controls. The tumours were histologically classified according to Clark as superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma. The tumours of twelve patients were not possible to classify. Patients belonging to skin type IV and patients with lentigo maligna melanoma had a significantly higher mean age. The IPD reaction was significantly higher in skin type II than in skin types III and IV both in patients and in controls. IPD and MED showed no significant correlation to age and sex. MED was significantly lower among patients with malignant melanoma than controls. These data indicate that light sensitivity is of aetiological importance in malignant melanoma. PMID- 7213563 TI - Eye protection in psoralen photochemotherapy. AB - The optical performance of some commercially-available tined lenses is discussed. There is a wide variation in the UV absorbing power of sunglasses although adequate protection against solar UV-A can be achieved with some, but not all, polarizing material. The darkness of a tint is not an indication of its likely performance within the ultraviolet bands and it is possible that lenses could be produced that lacked any significant tint yet absorbed strongly throughout the UV region. PMID- 7213564 TI - Epidemiology of congenital pigmented naevi: I. Incidence rates and relative frequencies. PMID- 7213565 TI - HLA antigens in patients with scabies. AB - Sixty patients with scabies were typed for thirty-three antigens of the HLA-A, -B and -C series. A significantly increased frequency was found for HLA-AII (28.3%), compared to healthy controls (10.4%). This deviation was only found in those of the patients without signs of atopic disease. PMID- 7213566 TI - Alopecia areata regrowth induced by Primula obconica. PMID- 7213567 TI - Pyoderma gangrenosum and haematological malignancies. PMID- 7213568 TI - Nicotine: an hapten. PMID- 7213569 TI - A simple sign of discoid lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7213570 TI - Herpes zoster. PMID- 7213571 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in psoriasis. PMID- 7213572 TI - How vitamin B12 acts. PMID- 7213573 TI - Iron release from isolated hepatocytes. AB - The isolated hepatocyte suspension was evaluated as an experimental procedure for investigating liver iron metabolism. Following prelabelling in vivo with transferrin-59Fe, isolated hepatocytes released radioactive iron in vitro by a temperature dependent process, without change in cell viability. Iron mobilization was increased by serum, apotransferrin and a range of iron chelators, of which the most effective were citrate, desferrioxamine and the ionophore A 23187. The rate of iron release was inversely related to oxygen levels, indicating that a ferric-ferrous reduction was involved in iron mobilization. The uncoupler TTFB, DTPA, and hypercapnia caused a reduction in iron release, but the metabolites cysteine, NADH and ascorbic acid had no effect. It was concluded that isolated hepatocytes are a useful experimental model for studying iron metabolism and for further evaluation of iron chelators. PMID- 7213574 TI - Liposome-encapsulated desferrioxamine in experimental iron overload. AB - We have encapsulated desferrioxamine (DF) in multilamellar liposomes (ML) and unilamellar liposomes (UL). Liposomes were prepared either with or without a glycolipid, i..e. galactocerebroside (GC). The average diameter of ML was 0.5 microgram, and that of UL was 0.08 microgram. Less tha 5% of DF leaked out from the liposomes after incubation in mouse plasma for 6 h. 59Fe-ferritin and 59Fe labelled heat damaged erythrocytes (59Fe-DRBC) were administered to normal and hypertransfused mice as models of iron overload. Ferritin was used to label liver parenchymal cells and DRBC to label the Kupffer cells of the liver. A single injection of ML or UL with or without galactocerebroside into normal and hypertransfused mice enhanced from 3- to 15-fold the urinary excretion of radioiron from 59Fe-ferritin and from 59Fe-DRBC injected mice. For both the normal and hypertransfused mice, liposomes containing GC removed more 59Fe radioactivity from mice receiving 59Fe-DRBC. Thus GAC-liposomes may have a higher affinity for parenchymal cells of the liver, whereas liposomes without the glycolipid may have a higher uptake by the Kupffer cells. PMID- 7213576 TI - Prognostic significance of bone-marrow patterns in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Bone-marrow biopsy has been performed in 63 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Four different histological patterns were observed: (a) interstitial (lymphoid infiltration without displacement of fat cells) in 12 cases; (b) nodular (abnormal lymphoid nodules without interstitial infiltration) in 10 cases; (c) mixed (combination of the first two patterns) in 21 cases; and (d) diffuse (replacement of both haemopoietic and fat cells by lymphoid infiltration) in 20 cases. Statistical analysis of actuarial curves showed a significant difference of survival probability according to the bone marrow infiltration patterns. Thus, in patients with interstitial or nodular patterns the life expectancy is significantly longer than in those with mixed or diffuse patterns. furthermore, a significant degree of correlation between bone marrow infiltration patterns and different methods of clinical staging in CLL was apparent. The different bone marrow infiltration patterns in CLL probably reflects variations in the amount of lymphoid accumulation during the natural course of this disease. Because of its prognostic significance, bone marrow biopsy should have a place in CLL evaluation and staging. PMID- 7213575 TI - A comparison of two methods for determining the sensitivity of human myeloid colony-forming units to cytosine arabinoside. AB - Studies were carried out to determine the optimal method for measuring the sensitivity of myeloid clonogenic cells to cytosine arabinoside (ara C). Bone marrow or peripheral blood cells were either exposed to different concentrations of ara C for 1 h in vitro and then after washing were plated in agar and cultured for 7 d in vitro, or were directly plated in agar containing different concentrations of the drug. The 3H-TdR suicide index of the clonogenic cells was also determined. Washing the specimens under study subsequent to incubation with ara C prior to plating in agar provided the most accurate measure of the ara C sensitivity of the clonogenic cells. When carried out in conjunction with the 3H thymidine suicide index, the 'wash' method permitted the simultaneous determination of both the kinetic and metabolic sensitivity of these cells to ara C. Using this combined method, it was observed that the differences between the ara C sensitivity of the CFUc of different individuals resulted from differences in the proportion of clonogenic cells synthesizing DNA in the different marrow specimens. PMID- 7213578 TI - On the alleged phagocytosis by megakaryocytes. PMID- 7213577 TI - A complex Ph1 translocation in a patient with primary thrombocythaemia. AB - Routine blood examination of a 27-year-old female revealed a platelet count of 2000 X 10(9)/l. Bone marrow cells showed the Philadelphia chromosome which was one product of a complex rearrangement of chromosomes 9, 22 and X. Her platelet count was lowered by plateletphoresis and chemotherapy. She remains in good health 19 months later, but her thrombocythaemia is considered to be an early manifestation of chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 7213579 TI - Breast-milk production in Australian women. AB - 1. Milk productions and 7 d dietary records were determined on twenty-seven mothers who had been breast-feeding for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 months. 2. The mean milk productions for each group of mothers was 1 . 87, 1 . 238, 0 . 884, 0 . 880 and 0 . 951 kg/24 h at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months of lactation respectively. There was no significant difference between two milk determination 3--7 d apart on each mother or between the mean milk production of each group of mothers. 3. Energy intakes of the infants was found to be higher than the usually-accepted values at 1 and 3 months of age but by 6 months were similar to the accepted normal values. 4. Energy intakes of the mothers although greater than those recommended for similar non-lactating women were not sufficient to take into account the energy content of the milk. PMID- 7213580 TI - Reproductive performance in rats with different histories of malnutrition. AB - 1. Reproductive competence, as measured by weight gain during pregnancy, duration of pregnancy and foetal outcome, was assessed in primiparous rats (4--6 months of age) with various histories of malnutrition. 2. Although weight gain during pregnancy was reduced in rats with intergenerational malnutrition, the duration of pregnancy and number of live births did not differ from well-fed controls, suggesting adaptation of these measures to long-term dietary deprivation. 3. Rats malnourished from birth through pregnancy (one generation of malnutrition) had fewer live births than did rats with chronic, intergenerational malnutrition or well-fed controls rats. 4. Gestation was prolonged and weight gain accelerated among female rats with histories of intergenerational malnutrition, who had been provided with an adequate diet from birth through pregnancy. PMID- 7213582 TI - Inhibition of kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase, EC 3 . 7. 1 . 3) by oestrone sulphate: an alternative explanation for abnormal results of tryptophan load tests in women receiving oestrogenic steroids. AB - 1. A partial purification of kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase, EC 3 . 7. 1 . 3) from rat liver and a total resolution of the apoenzyme have been achieved. The hypothesis that conjugates of oestrogenic steroids compete with pyridoxal phosphate for the cofactor binding site of the enzyme, and so disturb tryptophan metabolism, leading to apparent vitamin B6 deficiency, has been tested. 2. Kynureninase from rat liver was partially purified, and the cofactor-free apoenzyme was prepared. Oestrone sulphate inhibited the enzyme uncompetitively with respect to pyridoxal phosphate, and competitively with respect to kynurenine, with a mean (+/- SE) inhibitor constant (Ki) of 82 +/- 6 microM. 3. The addition of a saturating concentration of pyridoxal phosphate to unfractionated liver homogenates led to an approximately fivefold increase in kynureninase activity, indicating the presence of a relatively large amount of apo-kynureninase in the tissue. 4. It is suggested that the abnormal results of tryptophan load tests in women receiving oestrogens are the result of inhibition of kynureninase by oestrogen conjugates, and that there is no evidence for oestrogen-induced vitamin B deficiency in such cases. PMID- 7213581 TI - Influence of mild cold on 24 h energy expenditure, resting metabolism and diet induced thermogenesis. AB - 1. It has been suggested previously that people in developed countries do not expose themselves to cold severe enough to induce a metabolic response. The energy expenditure, at both heat production and total heat loss, of nine women was therefore measured continuously while each lived for 30 h in a whole-body calorimeter on two occasions, one at 28 degrees and the other at 22 degrees. All subjects followed a predetermined pattern of activity and food intake. The environmental conditions were judged by the subjects to be within those encountered in everyday life. In the standard clothing worn, 28 degrees was considered to be comfortably warm but not too hot, while 22 degrees was judged to be cool but not too cold. 2. Heat production for 24 h was significantly greater at the lower temperature, by (mean +/- SE) 7 . 0 +/- 1 . 1%. The range was between 2 and 12%. Total heat loss was also significantly greater, by 6%, and there was a large change in the partition of heat loss. At the lower temperature sensible heat loss increased by 29% while evaporative heat loss decreased by 39%. 3. Resting metabolism measured in the morning 12--13 h after the last meal was significantly greater at 22 degrees than at 28 degrees, whereas there was no difference when the resting measurement was made for 2 . 5 h following a meal. 4. IN CONCLUSION: (a) environmental temperature may play a more important role than was previously recognized in the energy balance of those living in this country, and (b) there is an indication of at least a partial replacement of cold-induced by diet-induced thermogenesis in man. PMID- 7213583 TI - The non-random distribution of copper within the liver of rats. AB - 1. Two groups of weanling male rats were fed on a powdered proprietary diet for up to 6 weeks. The diet of one group was supplemented with 2 g Cu/kg and the other group received the unsupplemented diet. 2. The livers in the supplemental group accumulated more Cu within the right vascular compartment than the left. This difference was observed in the unsupplemented group after 6 weeks but not at 4 weeks. 3. The distribution of Cu between the different lobes of the livers of the supplemented groups displayed a characteristic pattern, the median lobe containing the most Cu and the omental lobe the least. 4. The distribution of Cu within the liver is thought to reflect the site of its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and a consequence of portal streaming. PMID- 7213584 TI - Phosphorus kinetics in the sheep. AB - 1. Ten castrated young adult sheep were brought indoors and given lucerne chaff (four animals with a phosphorus intake of 2 . 40 g/d) and fresh Ruanui ryegrass (six animals with a P intake of 3 . 72 g/d) to determine various kinetic indices of their P metabolism. 2. The results obtained from combined nutritional balance and 32P radioactivity measurements were analysed using the simulation, analysis and modelling computer (SAAM) program. Since the plasma P specific activity curve was described by at least four exponential terms, a four compartmental model (M1, M2, M3 and M4) was used to describe the experimental values. 3. The mean mass of the total exchangeable P pool (MT) for the lucerne chaff-fed and Ruanui ryegrass fed sheep was 25 . 5 and 28 . 8 g respectively, while the total P transport (VT) to the exchangeable pool (MT) was markedly lower for sheep given lucerne chaff compared to those given Ruanui ryegrass (54 . 1 v. 111 . 3 mg/kg body-weight per d). Likewise the rate of P absorption (Va), faecal endogenous loss of P (Vf), urinary P excretion (Vu) as well as the movement of P to (Vo+) and from (Vo-) the skeleton and soft tissue was also lower in the lucerne chaff-fed sheep. 4. The availability of P, that is the proportion of ingested P which is absorbed, was 0 . 56 and 0 . 62 for the sheep given chaff and fresh herbage respectively. 5. The P metabolism of one sheep (sheep no. 30) differed from the other sheep in that its plasma inorganic P concentration was higher (95 v. 54 mg/l). This was associated with a larger first compartment (M1), a more rapid P transport between M1, and M2, an increase in (Vo) and a marked increase in (Vu). PMID- 7213585 TI - Metabolism of zinc and copper in the neonate: accumulation of Cu in the gastrointestinal tract of the newborn rat. AB - 1. The concentration of copper in the rat intestine was found to increase rapidly after birth to a maximum greater than 140 microgram/g wet weight at 2 d of age and then to decline, at first slowly to 90 microgram/g wet weight on day thirteen and then rapidly to 40 microgram/g and 3 . 4 microgram/g wet weight on the 15th and 19th day respectively. The intestinal concentration of Zn, which doubled between 1 d prepartum and 2 d post partum, also fell slowly until 10 d of age, but thereafter remained constant. 2. From the 2nd to the 15th day post partum approximately 60% of the total Cu and 50% of the total zinc in the intestine was located in the soluble fraction of the tissue. Most of the Zn in this fraction was bound by proteins of molecular weights greater than 13700 daltons, whereas most of the Cu was present as an extremely polydisperse complex of lower molecular weight. This complex in the intestine of the 5-d-old rat, in contrast with the soluble proteins of higher molecular weight, did not incorporate either 3H or 35S within 4 h of the administration of L-[4,5-3H]leucine and L [35S]cystine. 3. The loss of Cu from the intestine between the 13th and 15th day of post-natal age occurred mainly from this complex and was accompanied by the transient appearance of Cu in a fraction of low molecular weight. 4. At 21 d of age the soluble fraction of the intestine contained only a small amount of Cu. This was distributed between two protein fractions, one of which contained Zn and appeared to be a metallothionein. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the control of Zn and Cu absorption. PMID- 7213587 TI - The inadequacy of urinary N tau-methyl histidine excretion in the pig as a measure of muscle protein breakdown. AB - 1. The validity of the urinary excretion of N tau-methyl histidine (N tau-MH) by pigs as an index of muscle protein breakdown in vivo was tested using the criterion of the rate of recovery of radioactivity in urine following an intravenous dose of N tau-[14CH3]methyl histidine. 2. Urinary recoveries of radioactivity from five animals were less than 21% of dose in 7 d after which the daily recovery was less than 0 . 3% per day. 3. The incomplete recoveries of radioactivity were associated with the presence in muscle of a large pool of non protein-bound N tau-MH, the concentration of which increased with age. 4. The N tau-MH in this pool was present as free N tau-MH and in a dipeptide which constituted more than 90% of the total non-protein-bound N tau-MH. The contribution of the peptide increased with age, reaching 99. 8% in older animals. 5. The pool of non-protein-bound N tau-MH was maintained and increased in both established and newly accreted tissue by retention of some of the N tau-MH released by muscle protein breakdown, only a proportion of which was therefore available for excretion. Hence, the urinary excretion of N tau-MH is not a valid index of muscle protein breakdown in pigs. PMID- 7213586 TI - The urinary excretion of N tau-methyl histidine by cattle: validation as an index of muscle protein breakdown. AB - 1. The recoveries of radioactivity in cattle urine following the intravenous administration of N tau-[14CH3]methyl histidine were essentially quantitative in 5--7 d in non-lactating cows, bulls and steers and did not change with age. 2. The N tau-methyl histidine was excreted unchanged in urine. 3. N tau-methyl histidine occurred in muscle extracts both in the free form and as a perchloric acid-soluble, acid-labile form which accounted for approximately 85% of the total non-bound N tau-methyl histidine in muscle and appeared identical to a similar component identified in muscle extracts of sheep and pigs. 4. There was probably an age-related decrease in the concentration of the acid-labile component in muscle but which did not produce a measurable change in recovery of radioactivity in urine. 5. The daily excretion of N tau-methyl histidine (E, mumol) by male cattle was highly correlated with live weight (W, kg) by the equation: E = 50 . 4 + 3 . 536 (+/- 0 . 044)W (r 0. 997). The excretions progressively decreased from 4 . 04 mumol/d per kg at 100 kg weight to 3 . 62 mumol/d per kg at 600 kg. 6. By the criterion of the rate of clearance of labelled N tau-methyl histidine from the body, the excretion of N tau-methyl histidine in urine appears to be a valid index of muscle protein breakdown in cattle. PMID- 7213588 TI - The effects of high dietary supplements of copper sulphate on pantothenic acid metabolism in the chick. AB - 1. The effects of incorporation of copper sulphate supplying 250 mg copper/kg semi-purified diet with graded amounts of calcium pantothenate (CaPa) were studied in chicks. 2. When the doses of CaPa were marginally adequate or less the Cu supplementation induced severe signs of pantothenic acid (PaA) deficiency. 3. Livers of the Cu-treated birds given low doses of PaA had lower concentrations of total and bound PaA than those of the corresponding control birds. The bound:total PaA value was also reduced. 4. The amount and concentration of coenzyme A (CoA) were significantly less in the livers of Cu-treated chicks. Fatty acid synthetase activity was not reduced. 5. It is suggested that high dietary supplements of CuSO4 induce PaA deficiency through interference in the biosynthesis of CoA. PMID- 7213589 TI - Inhibition of D(--)-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase by modifiers of disulfides, thiols, and vicinal dithiols. AB - D(--)-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase of beef heart mitochondria catalyzes the reversible oxidation of D-(--)-beta-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate in the presence of NAD. Both the membrane-bound and the soluble forms of the enzyme are inhibited by modifiers of thiols [N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and p (chloromercuri)phenylsulfonate (pCMS)], vicinal dithiols [phenylarsine oxide and diazenedicarboxylic acid bis(dimethylamide) (diamide)], and disulfides (sulfite, sulfide, and cyanide). NAD and NADH, but not beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, protect the enzyme against inhibition by NEM, pCMS, phenylarsine oxide, and diamide. As tested with NEM and diamide, the inhibitions caused by mono- and dithiol modifiers were pseudo first order, and the reaction order with respect to the concentration of either inhibitor was unity, thus indicating the modification of a single essential thiol and/or dithiol. Sulfite and sulfide inhibitions appeared to be competitive with respect to beta-hydroxybutyrate, with Ki values of 10-15 and about 240 microM, respectively. Sulfite inhibition was uncompetitive with respect to NAD, NADH, and acetoacetate. The above results have suggested the presence in D(--)-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase of an essential thiol and/or a vicinal dithiol associated with the binding site(s) of NAD and NADH. The inhibition by sulfite, sulfide, and cyanide might be indicative of the presence of an essential disulfide or due to a ternary complex formation involving the enzyme, NAD, and the above nucleophiles. PMID- 7213590 TI - Inhibition of D(--)-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase by butanedione, phenylglyoxal, and diethyl pyrocarbonate. AB - D(--)-beta-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase of beef heart mitochondria is inhibited by modifiers of disulfides, thiols, and vicinal dithiols [Phelps, D. C., & Hatefi, Y. (1981) Biochemistry 20 (preceding paper in this issue)]. The vicinal dithiol can be reversibly oxidized by diamide, resulting in activity inhibition, and rereduced by dithiothreitol, resulting in reactivation. The diamide-treated enzyme can no longer be irreversibly inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, indicating the absence of an essential sulfhydryl group other than the vicinal dithiol. beta Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase also appears to contain essential arginyl residues modifiable by phenylglyoxal or butanedione, and essential residue(s) modifiable at pH 6.0 by diethyl pyrocarbonate. Substrates protect against inhibitions by butanedione, phenylglyoxal, and diethyl pyrocarbonate, suggesting that the essential, modifiable residues are at or near the substrate binding sites. On the basis of these results and pH profiles, tentative mechanisms have been proposed for the oxidation of beta-hydroxybutyrate and the reduction of acetoacetate, involving the participation of the essential residues described above. PMID- 7213592 TI - Affinity labeling of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase by a new fluorescent nucleotide alkylating agent 5'-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]-1,N6-ethenoadenosine. PMID- 7213591 TI - Effects of halides on reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide binding properties and catalytic activity of beef heart lactate dehydrogenase. AB - Beef heart lactate dehydrogenase has anion binding sites with selective affinities for fluoride and chloride. Fluoride competitively inhibits the catalytic activity of the enzyme and appears in a ternary enzyme-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-fluoride complex detectable in fluorescence and circular dichroism measurements. The presence of fluoride augments NADH binding, with a free energy of stabilization of -0.8 kcal/mol. NADH and chloride are strongly antagonistic, in fact, almost mutually exclusive or competitive, in their interaction with beef heart lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, the Hill coefficient for NADH binding undergoes a small but repeatable decline, reaching a minimum value of 0.75-0.8 at physiological NaCl concentrations. Dilution experiments showed that NADH binding in the presence of NaCl is independent of enzyme concentration, demonstrating that the chloride sensitivity is not linked to reversible dissociation of the enzyme. The NADH binding equilibria determined in NaCl, KCl, or CsCl are identical. The minimal effects of chloride on the fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra of the bound NADH suggest that it binds primarily at sites other than the one occupied by fluoride. PMID- 7213594 TI - Structure of a complex-type sugar chain of human glycophorin A. AB - Tryptic glycopeptide T1 of human glycophorin A [Tomita, M., & Marchesi, V. T. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 2964-2968] was subjected to hydrazinolysis. After N-acetylation, the complex-type oligosaccharides were isolated by gel filtration. The major neutral oligosaccharide (2000 molecular weight) was purified by a combination of ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. Treatments with endo- and exo-glycosidases, periodate oxidation, and methylation analysis indicated that the major neutral oligosaccharide has the following structure: Gal beta 1 leads to -4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6(GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4)(Gal beta 1 leads to -4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4-(Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6)GlcNAc. This oligosaccharide was retained by Ricinus communis agglutinin-Sepharose and retarded by Sepharose 4B coupled with erythroagglutinating E4 isolectin from Phaseolus vulgaris. Retention by concanavalin A-Sepharose was observed only after treatment of the oligosaccharide with beta-galactosidase. PMID- 7213593 TI - Cell-induced leakage of liposome contents. AB - Using the principle of relief of self-quenching of carboxyfluorescein [Weinstein, J. N., Yoshikami, S., Henkart, P., Blumenthal, R., & Hagins, W. A. (1977) Science 195, 489-492] upon leakage of the dye from the interior of lipid vesicles, we investigated the integrity of sonicated small unilamellar vesicles in the presence of isolated hepatocytes, Zajdela ascites hepatoma cells, and plasma membranes of either cell type. We observed that cells as well as plasma membranes induce leakage of carboxyfluorescein from vesicles. Two parameters (initial rate and maximal level of induced leakage) were determined to quantitate the leakage events and were found to depend on cell density, vesicle concentration, and vesicle lipid composition. The magnitude of both parameters is shown to increase with cell density and to decrease with increasing vesicle lipid concentration and seems to be proportional to the number of vesicles found in close contact with the cell. For vesicles made of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, the degree of induced leakage increases steeply with cholesterol contents increasing from 30 to 40 mol %. In the case of simultaneous presence of 10 mol % phosphatidylserine, induced leakage can be observed at cholesterol contents exceeding 20 mol %. We show that leak-inducing activity resides in the plasma membrane and that it can be considerably reduced by treatment of the plasma membranes with neuraminidase or trypsin, suggesting the involvement of cell-surface glycoprotein(s). Release of activity from intact cells and isolated plasma membranes into the medium occurs spontaneously (at a slow rate) but can be facilitated by freezing and thawing; the activity can subsequently be recovered in a soluble form from the medium. PMID- 7213595 TI - Protein-protein interactions: nature of the electrostatic stabilization of deoxyhemoglobin tetramer formation. AB - The summed electrostatic free energy contributions to deoxyhemoglobin A0 tetramer formation were computed at a series of pH and ionic strength values as the difference between the computed values for the tetramer and for the sum of the four individual chains. The electrostatic stabilization of each monomer is similar and close to that for myoglobin. At ionic strength 0.10 M the electrostatic contribution to the stability of the tetramer is approximately 35 kcal/mol at pH 6.0 and 18 kcal/mol at pH 9.6. The specific contribution to the stabilization of the tetramer, (sigma delta G"i,el)tet, is obtained by difference and shows a broad plateau above 7 kcal/mol over the range from pH 6.0 to 8.0, which is nearly obliterated by pH 9.6. By examination of the contributions of individual sites under the above summation, it is found that sites in the alpha chains are responsible for virtually the entire stabilizing effects in tetramer formation. The major differences on tetramer formation are sensed at eight sites. The stabilization provided by four of these sites results simply from changes in solvent exposure of sites in the given monomers as the tetramer is assembled. They are offset in part by changes at three sites that sense the greatest destabilization and that are responsible for the near cancellation of effects among the beta-chain sites. The general implications for the stabilization of molecular assemblies are considered. PMID- 7213596 TI - Circular dichroism, Raman spectroscopy, and gel filtration of trapped folding intermediates of ribonuclease. AB - The intermediates of ribonuclease with one to four disulfide bonds trapped during refolding of the reduced protein have been compared to the fully reduced and native forms of the protein by gel filtration, circular dichroism, and Raman spectroscopy. Correctly refolded ribonuclease is indistinguishable from native protein, while a three-disulfide intermediate has a compact conformation which is very similar, but not identical. In contrast, all other intermediates with one to four disulfide bonds are qualitatively similar to fully reduced ribonuclease by their circular dichroism and Raman spectra, although the disulfide cross-links affect the dimensions of the polypeptide chain. The apparent absence of stable partially ordered structures in the initial disulfide intermediates implies that during refolding there are relatively few constraints on formation on disulfide bonds, although their formation is probably not entirely random. The stable conformation appears during refolding only when the three or four disulfide bonds capable of stabilizing a native-like conformation of the entire polypeptide chain occur simultaneously. PMID- 7213597 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the conformation and kinetics of the peptide-substrate at the active site of bovine heart protein kinase. PMID- 7213598 TI - Glucose oxidase contains a disubstituted phosphorus residue. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the flavin and nonflavin phosphate residues. PMID- 7213599 TI - Rhodopsin-phospholipid interactions: dependence of rate of the meta I to meta II transition on the level of associated disk phospholipid. AB - Solubilization of retinal rod outer segment disk membranes in octyl glucoside was employed to prepare rhodopsin samples with varying amounts of associated disk phospholipid. Flash photolysis studies were carried out on these samples to determine the dependence of the meta I to meta II transition kinetics on the level of associated phospholipid. The rate constant for the formation of meta II increased from 6.9 X 10(3) to 19.5 X 10(3) s-1 as the molar ratio of phospholipid per rhodopsin fell from 35 to 5. The activation free energy for this process had a linear dependence on the level of phospholipid, with a slope of 24 cal/mol of rhodopsin-associated phospholipid. A variety of evidence suggests that rhodopsin undergoes a reversible conformation change during the meta I to meta II transition. No evidence was found for an enhanced effect on the activation free energy for this conformation change at the level of associated phospholipid which corresponds to the formation of a phospholipid boundary layer around rhodopsin. PMID- 7213600 TI - Environmental effects on formation and photoreaction of the M412 photoproduct of bacteriorhodopsin: implications for the mechanism of proton pumping. AB - Photochemical studies of the effects of temperature, pH, and dehydration on the formation and back photoreaction of the M412 intermediate in the photocycle of light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin (bR570) are carried out. Continuous illumination experiments in the range between -40 and -90 degrees C indicate that at low temperatures branching occurs at the stage of the L550 intermediate in which a back reaction to the parent pigment competes with the formation of M412. At low temperatures the yield of M412 is markedly increased at high pH. The effect is attributed to the catalytic action of a protein group of pK congruent to 10 on the rate of the L550 leads to M412 process. Our results, taken together with previous evidence for deprotonation of a tyrosine during the L550 leads to M412 transition, suggest that the formation of a tyrosinate ion is a prerequisite for deprotonation of the Schiff base. A model is proposed in which both the Schiff base and the tyrosine translocate their protons to two acceptor groups, A1 and A2, accessible to the outside of the cell through a segment of a proton wire. The model accounts for the observation that up to two photons may be pumped per cycle. The proton-pump mechanism is analyzed in terms of a generalized kinetic scheme for pumping. In contrast to current models for proton pumping which are based on a (primary) light-induced accessibility change of the chromophore (class I models), we introduce a new class (II) of models based exclusively on pK changes. We suggest that in bR570 the Schiff base and the tyrosine are accessible to protons on the outside surface of the membrane. An analysis of the back photoreaction from M412 tends to favor class II models over previous class I models. PMID- 7213601 TI - Calorimetric studies on saturated mixed-chain lecithin-water systems. Nonequivalence of acyl chains in the thermotropic phase transition. AB - Aqueous dispersions of synthetic lecithins with different fatty acids in positions 1 and 2 of the glycerol molecule were studied by calorimetry. The data show that variation of the acyl chains in different positions of the glycerol backbone either have no influence upon or contribute 0.5 kcal/mol per CH2 segment to the phase transition enthalpy. Different molecular ordering of the mixed acyl chain lecithins in the bilayer is discussed in light of the results. PMID- 7213602 TI - Assay of total estradiol receptor in tissue homogenate and tissue fractions by exchange with sodium thiocyanate at low temperature. AB - After injection of radioactive estradiol to ovariectomized rats, the [3H]estradiol--receptor complex transferred to the nuclei can be solubilized by low concentrations of NaSCN. The extraction by NaSCN is significantly more efficient than that obtained by KCl and is, in fact, complete; i.e., no radioactivity can be found in the nuclei after extraction. Since NaSCN also induces the exchange of receptor-bound estradiol with free hormone [Sica, V., Puca, G. A., Molinari, A. M., Buonaguro, F. M., & Bresciani, F. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 83], a simple assay method has been set up which measures receptor in tissue and tissue fractions, including nuclei and whole homogenate, at 0--4 degrees C, irrespective of whether the receptor is or is not interacting with endogenous hormone. The procedure consists of a simple incubation step at 0- 4 degrees C overnight (16 h) of the nuclear fraction, cytosol, and a total homogenate in the presence of excess radioactive estradiol and 0.5 M NaSCN. This method is very easy to carry out, accurate, and precise and avoids the loss of binding sites which results from the heating procedures utilized in other methods. The ability to measure the binding in both the soluble and the particulate fractions of rat uterus permits the determination of the rate of the cytoplasmic to nuclear transfer of estrogen after injection of various hormone concentrations. No nuclear transfer was observed after administration of other nonestrogen hormones such as progesterone, testosterone, or hydrocortisone while a nonsteroid antiestrogen, tamoxifen, was able to translocate the receptor. It was found that 2 h after injection of estradiol into ovariectomized rats total receptor content of uterus shows a decrease which is proportional to the amount of hormone injected. After injection of a hyperphysiological dose of 17 beta estradiol, a certain amount of the receptor--hormone complex remains in the cytosol for at least 4 h. The nuclear turnover of estradiol receptor related to the progesterone receptor induction has been studied. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide prevent nuclear processing. PMID- 7213603 TI - Reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor function using purified receptor protein. AB - Membrane preparations containing only the four acetylcholine receptor polypeptide subunits (40, 50, 60, and 65 x 10(3) daltons) were purified from Torpedo californica electroplax. The receptor protein was extracted from these membranes with 2% aqueous sodium cholate, and complete dissolution into discrete molecular species was confirmed by sedimentation analysis. The solubilized preparation reassociated with exogenous phospholipids when the detergent was removed by dialysis and formed spherically sealed vesicles 400--600 A in diameter. The reconstituted receptor preparations had nearly 90% of their alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites exposed on the exterior surface of the vesicles. In a reproducible manner, the reconstituted acetylcholine receptor responded to carbamoylcholine by exhibiting a rapid efflux of 22Na+ from within the vesicles. Such preparations were successfully reconstituted only from acetylcholine receptor stabilized by asolectin above a minimal level upon dissolution of the original membrane preparation by detergent. In addition to the response to carbamoylcholine, the reconstituted preparations also exhibited pharmacological characteristics that resemble those observed for the original electroplax membranes. In terms of the carbamoylcholine-induced signal, a significantly large fraction of the total receptor was functionally reconstituted. The results also confirm the notion that only the four polypeptides considered to constitute the receptor are essential for acetylcholine-mediated cation translocation and rule out possible roles for other polypeptide species. PMID- 7213604 TI - Thermotropic behavior of bilayers formed from mixed-chain phosphatidylcholines. AB - The six possible phosphatidylcholines containing two different chains derived from myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids were synthesized, and their bilayer structures were investigated by high-sensitivity differential scanning microcalorimetry. Chain migration during the syntheses caused each of the lipids to contain about 10% of the corresponding positional isomer. A phase diagram for each pair of isomers was constructed to permit estimation of the transition properties of the pure mixed-length phospholipids. The phase transitions of these lipids were found to be similar to those of saturated like-chain phosphatidylcholines. The main transition temperatures and enthalpies fall within the range of those for the like-chain lipids. In each pair of positional isomers, the isomer having the longer chain at position 2 on the glycerol backbone has the higher transition temperature and enthalpy. The transition curves of the pure mixed-chain lipids with myristic acid at position 2 and either palmitic or stearic acid at position 1 exhibited two partially separated peaks for the main transition. No satisfactory interpretation of this unexpected phenomenon has been developed. PMID- 7213606 TI - Novel surface phase containing cholesteryl esters. 2. Nonequivalence of cholesteryl arachidonate and those with 18-carbon, cis-unsaturated acyl groups. AB - Surface pressure--area isotherms for binary mixtures of cholesteryl octanoate, elaidate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate, and arachiodonate in mixtures with dioleoyllecithin, triolein, oleic acid, and oleoyl alcohol were measured at 24 degrees C. Analysis of the pressure and area characteristics as a function of composition showed that double-layer surface phase formation is primarily dependent on the structure of the acyl moiety of the cholesteryl ester. Cholesteryl esters with saturated or trans-unsaturated acyl chains apparently do not form double-layer surface phases. The esters of oleate, linoleate, and linolenate formed double-layer as well as monolayer phases and their properties in these phases were similar. In contrast to other cis-unsaturated esters, cholesteryl arachidonate formed a mixed monolayer phase with miscibility in all proportions and did not form a double-layer phase. Our results show that the polar lipid monolayer separating bulk cholesteryl ester from the aqueous milieu not only solubilizes finite amounts of cholesteryl esters but also can contribute to the organization of lipid adjacent to the monolayer. That such organization is observed with the predominant cholesteryl ester species of blood and aorta suggests a role for double-layer structure in regulating the transport and metabolism of cholesteryl esters in lipoproteins, arterial lipid deposits, and adrenal cortex. The absence of double-layer formation and high monolayer solubility of cholesteryl arachidonate suggest that it should be more abundant than other cholesteryl esters in bilayers and in monolayers surrounding bulk lipid phases. PMID- 7213607 TI - Reversed cubic phase with membrane glucolipids from Acholeplasma laidlawii. 1H, 2H, and diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. AB - Monoglucosyl diglyceride and diglucosyl diglyceride are the dominant lipids of the Acholeplasma laidlawii membrane. Diglucosyl diglyceride forms a lamellar liquid crystalline phase with water while monoglucosyl diglyceride forms a reversed hexagonal phase. Depending on the amounts of unsaturated acyl chains of the lipids, a mixture of monoglucosyl diglyceride and diglucosyl diglyceride forms lamellar or reversed cubic phases at physiological temperatures. A high degree of cis unsaturation favors formation of the cubic phase with increasing monoglucosyl diglyceride content. The structure of the cubic phase is composed of aggregates, where the lipids can diffuse over macroscopical distances. A structure containing close-packed spherical micelles is therefore ruled out, and the NMR diffusion data are compatible with other previously proposed cubic bicontinuous structures [Luzzati, V., & Spegt, P. A. (1967) Nature (London) 215, 701; Scriven, L. E. (1976) Nature (London) 263, 123; Lindblom, G., Larsson, K., Johansson, L. B.-A., Fontell, K., & Forsen, S. (1979) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 5465]. Monoglucosyl diglyceride/diglucosyl diglyceride ratios forming cubic phases have not been observed in vivo. It is concluded that formation of the cubic phase is strongly dependent on the molecular shape of the lipids. The results are significant for the physiological regulation of the lipid composition in A. laidlawii membranes as well as for the function and organization of biological membranes in general. PMID- 7213605 TI - Novel surface phase containing cholesteryl esters. 1. Structural characteristics determined from surface pressure--area measurements. AB - The behavior of cholesteryl myristoleate in mixtures with dioleoylphosphatidylcholine was investigated at the air--water interface. In addition to the previously described monolayer phase [Smaby, J. M., Baumann, W. J., & Brockman, H. L. (1979) J. Lipid Res. 20, 789--795], a second surface phase has been identified. Analysis of surface pressure and molecular area data as a function of composition shows that the molecules in the second phase can exist in two miscible, double-layer states or packing arrangements, only one of which contains lecithin. The mixed double-layer state is preferentially formed and has stoichiometry ranging between 2.0 and 9.5 molecules of cholesteryl ester for each lecithin molecule. The structure of this state resembles a mixed monolayer of pressure-dependent composition and area which is covered by a second layer of cholesteryl ester at 38.2 A2/molecule. The cholesteryl myristoleate/lecithin ratio of the layer in contact with the aqueous phase ranges from 0 to 2.8 between 39 and 0 mN/m. The second double-layer state is equivalent to a monolayer of cholesteryl ester at the lipid--water interface, covered by a layer of cholesteryl ester molecules at 38.2 A2. Overall, our data show that the presence of lecithin at a lipid--water inferface has a definite ordering effect on cholesteryl ester molecules at least 30--50 A from the interface. PMID- 7213610 TI - Geometry of the phosphodiester backbone in the A form of deoxyribonucleic acid determined by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - 31P NMR spectra were obtained from poly(dA-dT) . poly(dA-dT) fibers which gave an X-ray diffraction pattern similar to that of the A form of natural deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The analysis of the line shape indicated that the A form of poly(dA-dT) . poly(dA-dT) has a single uniform backbone conformation; the orientation of the phosphodiester group relative to the helical axis was determined to be beta = 70 degrees and gamma = 52 degrees. The 31P NMR spectra of poly(dA-dT) . poly(dA-dT) were in remarkable contrast to the 31P NMR spectra of the A form of natural DNA, which exhibited an unusual line shape. The origins of the abnormalities in the line shape for the A form of natural DNA are discussed in terms of phosphodiester orientations. PMID- 7213608 TI - Kinetics of formation of deoxyribonucleic acid cross-links by 4'-(aminomethyl) 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen. AB - If a mixture of T4 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and 4'-(aminomethyl)-4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen is irradiated with two closely spaced pulses of long-wave UV laser light, the resulting cross-linking is dependent on the time delay between the pulses. As the delay lengthens to 1 mus, a rise in the number of cross-links is observed which follows first-order kinetics. This delay, the time required for most monoadducts to be able to absorb a second photon and thereupon form a cross link, is interpreted in terms of a conformational change in the DNA at the psoralen intercalation site which may occur upon monoadduct formation. PMID- 7213609 TI - Low-level psoralen--deoxyribonucleic acid cross-links induced by single laser pulses. AB - While many intercalated psoralens require a 1.3-mus relaxation time between absorption of the first and second photons for cross-link formation to occur, some psoralens can form cross-links within the lifetime of a 10-ns laser pulse. This effect is largely or completely oxygen independent. Structural, kinetic, and energetic considerations suggest that the 1.3-mus delay may be due to a conformational change in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at the intercalation site which could be required for proper alignment of the double bonds which react in the second photoreaction. The cross-links which can form with single pulses of light may result from intercalation complexes which are already in a conformation such that, within 20 ns after absorption of an initial photon, a monoadduct is formed which can absorb a second photon and thence result in a cross-link. These intercalation sites may be distinguished by the type and sequence of base pairs at the site or, alternatively, at the moment of the pulse, random motions of the DNA may have brought those sites into a conformation which allows cross-linking without the 1.3-mus delay. Unlike "ordinary" cross-links, these rapidly forming cross-links appear to be monophotonic; i.e., they increase linearly with laser pulse energy. This suggests that the second photostep for these adducts effectively saturates at much lower laser intensities than is the case for ordinary cross-links. PMID- 7213611 TI - Reversible solvent denaturation of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase. AB - The structural transitions of the tetrameric rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase induced by guanidine hydrochloride and urea are characterized by elastic and quasi-elastic light-scattering, sedimentation velocity, and intrinsic viscosity experiments as well as by protein fluorescence, circular dichroism, and enzymic activity measurements. The transition curves are shown to be reversible. We find a new pathway of unfolding which is different from that described in the literature: The first intermediate with increasing concentration of denaturant is a less compact and inactive tetramer which can be renatured if substrates are added. Dissociation of the tetramer results in an expanded dimer with a partial loss of the secondary structure. The final state is a completely disordered monomer. These intermediates are consistent with a domain structure of pyruvate kinase, as it was suggested by Stammers & Muirhead [Stammers, D. K., & Muirhead, H. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 95, 213--225] on the basis of their X-ray data. Using Schellman's solvent denaturation model [Schellman, J. A. (1978) Biopolymers 17, 1305--1322], we calculate the free energies of stabilization of the folding- unfolding equilibrium. PMID- 7213612 TI - Internal motions in myosin. 2. AB - The high-resolution 1H NMR detected internal motions in myosin and myosin subfragment 1 (S1) [Highsmith, S., Akasaka, K., Konrad, M., Goody, R., Holmes, K., Wade-Jardetzky, N., & Jardetzky, O. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 4238--4244] were unperturbed by induced changes in the rate of protein tumbling, and the mobile regions proved inaccessible to added surface-directed paramagnetic probes. The rate of tumbling was changed by changing the solvent viscosity for S1 or by aggregation to thick filaments for myosin. Neither manipulation caused a measurable broadening of the narrow lines in the spectrum. Sulfhydryl-directed covalently attached nitroxide spin-labels, soluble nitroxide spin-labels, and MnCl2 were used to probe the surface. Unique labeling at the fastest reacting thiol of S1 had no effect on the NMR spectrum. Multiple labeling of thiols caused a small but detectable broadening of the narrow peaks. Soluble spin-labels and MnCl2 had a very small effect on the narrow bands even in great excess. The results substantiate the notion that myosin has internal motions that are independent of the overall rate of rotation and suggest that the mobile structure is mainly in the interior of the S1 moiety. This supports a model in which actin quenches the internal motions of myosin by changing the structure of myosin upon binding. PMID- 7213613 TI - Tryptophanyl fluorescence heterogeneity of apomyoglobins. Correlation with the presence of two distinct structural domains. AB - The individual fluorescence of the two tryptophan residues (Trp-7 and Trp-14) of mammalian apomyoglobins has been resolved by comparing the fluorescence properties of these proteins to those of bluefin tuna apomyoglobin, which contains only Trp-14. The two tryptophan residues have been found to have different emission maxima, i.e., 321 for Trp-14 and 333 for Trp-7. The fluorescence of Trp-14 depends on the protonation of a sterically related histidyl residue in the pH range between 8.3 and 5.6, where no conformational change was detected. This residue has been identified as His-119. At pH 8.3 the quantum yield of Trp-7 is lower than that of Trp-14. An increase of the fluorescence intensity of Trp-7 occurs when the heme binding site of apomyoglobin is destroyed by acid or a low concentration of guanidine hydrochloride. An independent unfolding of the N-terminal district of the apomyoglobin molecular occurs on increasing the guanidine concentration. The two distinct structural transitions have been discussed in terms of two domains of tertiary structure. PMID- 7213614 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of aromatic residues of alpha lactalbumins. Laser photo chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization nuclear magnetic resonance studies of surface exposure. AB - The alpha-lactalbumins are involved as modifier proteins in lactose biosynthesis. Lactalbumins from different mammalian species are cross-reactive with the galactosyltransferases from others because of their homologous primary and tertiary structure. We have studied the surface exposure of several alpha lactalbumins (bovine, goat, human, guinea pig, and rabbit) by the laser photo CIDNP technique, an NMR method which measures the access of a photoexcited flavin dye to surface exposed Tyr, Trp, and His residues. An exposed histidine-68 residue exists in the bovine and goat species but is missing in other species and is replaced with a His-10 in the guinea pig species. The only exposed tryptophan residue was Trp-104, which cross-relaxed to nearby Trp-60. Cross-polarization to the latter residue was proven by taking free induction decays after extremely short light pulses (0.1 s). Furthermore, this cross-polarized Trp-60 resonance was absent in the guinea pig species, which has a substitution at position 60. The chemical shifts of these Trp residues were extremely similar in all species but rabbit, which has substituted His for a Tyr at position 103, situated close to both Trp-104 and -60. Three of the four tyrosines in bovine, goat, human, and guinea pig alpha-lactalbumin were exposed (the latter species has an extra Tyr in its sequence which was apparently not accessible). The rabbit species contains only two Tyr residues, the one which was not accessible (Tyr-50) being common to all species. PMID- 7213615 TI - The solubility of amphipathic molecules in biological membranes and lipid bilayers and its implications for membrane structure. PMID- 7213616 TI - High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the Lac repressor. 3. Unfolding of the Lac repressor headpiece. AB - At temperatures below 20 degrees C, the lac repressor headpiece (N-terminal amino acids 1--51) has a well-defined structure which is independent of ionic strength. Its unfolding with increasing temperature proceeds gradually with a characteristic transition temperature which depends on ionic strength. Unfolding has been studied by using NMR and CD. Shifts of several methyl and all of the tyrosyl resonances can be followed, allowing a detailed analysis of the temperature denaturation. At high ionic strength (1 M), the unfolding is complete at 85 degrees C, while at low ionic strength (0.01 M), it is complete by 65 degrees C. Native and partially unfolded structures are in rapid exchange during the unfolding, and the process appears completely reversible at all ionic strengths. PMID- 7213617 TI - Phospholipid vesicle formation and transmembrane protein incorporation using octyl glucoside. AB - Removal of detergent from mixed micelles of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and octyl glucoside leads to formation of unilamellar phospholipid vesicles with a diameter of about 230 nm. The same procedure applied to mixed micelles containing the transmembrane protein glycophorin A, in addition to lipid and detergent, produces vesicles of the same size with glycophorin incorporated into the bilayer. The pure lipid vesicles are highly impermeable to both anions and cations, and incorporation of up to 220 molecules of glycophorin per vesicle has little effect on permeability. PMID- 7213618 TI - Lipid--protein interactions in bacteriorhodopsin--dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. AB - Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) was incorporated into large unilamellar dimyristoyl- and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles (100--300-nm radius). The effect of this intrinsic membrane protein on the order and dynamics of the lipid and on the cooperativity and transition temperature (Tc) of the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition was investigated as a function of the lipid:protein ratio (L/BR). The lipid phase transition induces protein segregation. Above Tc, bacteriorhodopsin is in the monomeric state. Below Tc, BR is aggregated in the same hexagonal lattice as in the purple membrane (PM). In this reconstituted system, BR has a photochemical cycle similar to that in the PM and is active as a light-driven proton pump. The lipid phase transition which was monitored by using the steady-state anisotropy of the fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene (DPH) broadens with decreasing L/BR but occurs at approximately the same Tc. Below Tc, the fluorescence anisotropy of DPH is quite high (0.35) and independent of the L/BR. Above Tc, however, the anisotrophy increases markedly with decreasing L/BR. It was recently pointed out that the fluorescence anisotropy of probes like DPH contains information not only on the dynamics (correlation times) but also on the order parameters of the lipids [Heyn, M. P. (1979) FEBS Lett. 108, 359--364]. The most likely explanation of the observed increase in anisotropy above Tc is that the perturbation of the lipid bilayer caused by the incorporation of BR leads both to an increase in order and to a slowing of the rotational diffusion of the lipids (increased viscosity). In agreement with this latter dynamical effect, the rotational diffusion constant of BR itself decreases above Tc with decreasing L/BR. Above Tc, the membrane viscosity as determined from the rotational diffusion constant of BR is at least 1.5 times larger than that obtained from the fluorescence depolarization of DPH. The formation of the BR lattice as a function of temperature was followed by using the circular dichroism (CD) exciton effect together with measurements of the rotational diffusion of BR. Both methods show similar transition curves for the protein crystallization whose midpoints, however, occur several degrees below Tc. PMID- 7213619 TI - Affinities of amino acid side chains for solvent water. AB - Equilibria of distribution of amino acid side chains, between their dilute aqueous solutions and the vapor phase at 25 degrees C, have been determined by dynamic vapor pressure measurements. After correction to pH 7, the resulting scale of "hydration potentials", or free energies of transfer from the vapor phase to neutral aqueous solution, spans a range of approximately 22 kcal/mol. The side chain of arginine is much more hydrophilic than those of the other common amino acids, with an equilibrium constant of approximately 10(15) for transfer from the vapor phase to neutral aqueous solution. Hydration potentials are more closely correlated with the relative tendencies of the various amino acids to appear at the surface of globular proteins than had been evident from earlier distribution studies on the free amino acids. Both properties are associated with a pronounced bias in the genetic code. PMID- 7213620 TI - Interaction of isocitrate dehydrogenase with (RS)-3-bromo-2-ketoglutarate. A potential affinity label for alpha-ketoglutarate binding sites. AB - The interaction of oxidized nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (from pig heart) with (RS)-3-bromo-2-ketoglutarate was investigated in an effort to evaluate the reagent's potential as a selective reagent for alpha-ketoglutarate binding sites. The enzyme is rapidly inactivated by 0.1 mM bromoketoglutarate at pH 7.4. With increasing concentrations of regent, the reaction shows a rate saturation; the minimum inactivation half-time is 3 min and Kinact for bromoketoglutarate is 250 microM. Isocitrate and NADP+ protect against inactivation, while ketoglutarate does not. When tested in the assay that monitors isocitrate oxidation, bromoketoglutarate is a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 100 microM) of the dehydrogenase. As judged by oxidation of NADPH, bromoketoglutarate is also a substrate for isocitrate dehydrogenase, exhibiting a Km of 250 microM and a Vmax comparable to that for isocitrate oxidation. The reduction of bromoketoglutarate is competitively inhibited by isocitrate (Ki = 3 microM) and ketoglutarate (Ki = 50 microM). Like the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of isocitrate, the reduction of bromoketoglutarate is stereospecific, requires divalent metal ions, and shows absolute specificity for NADPH. However, since CO2 is not required for catalytic turnover of bromoketoglutarate, its reduction is likely comparable to that of oxalosuccinate rather than the reductive carboxylation of ketoglutarate. Although bromoketoglutarate, as a substrate for isocitrate dehydrogenase, clearly has affinity for the active site, the irreversible inactivation of the enzyme by the reagent may result from modification outside the active-site region, since inactivation during catalytic turnover of bromoketoglutarate is not observed. Commercial isocitrate dehydrogenase is purified 12-fold by affinity chromatography on thiol-agarose alkylated by bromoketoglutarate. PMID- 7213621 TI - S-2-hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (glyoxalase II): active-site mapping of a nonserine thiolesterase. AB - S-2-Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (glyoxalase II) from rat erythrocytes is a specific thiolesterase. Chemical modification studies with phenylmethanesulfonic acid, N-ethylmaleimide, and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) suggest that glyoxalase II does not have a serine or a cysteine residue at the active site. The effect of pH on the rate of hydrolysis of S-lactoylglutathione indicates the existence of an active-site residue, pK = 8.87, essential for binding of the substrate. Inactivation studies with phenylglyoxal implicate the existence of an active-site arginine residue that also is essential for binding of the substrate. The effects of pD on the rate of hydrolysis of S-lactoylglutathione in D2O give no evidence for general acid-general base catalysis. 1H NMR studies of the glyoxalase II catalyzed hydrolysis of S-mandeloylglutathione show no evidence for a carbanion (E1cB) mechanism. the catalytic role of glyoxalase II appears to involve direct nucleophilic attack of the thiol ester by an active-site histidine residue, based upon inactivation experiments using diethyl pyrocarbonate and photoinactivation with methylene blue. PMID- 7213623 TI - Multiple species of mammalian S-adenosylmethionine synthetase. Partial purification and characterization. AB - Two species of S-adenosylmethionine (S-Ado-Met) synthetase (EC 2.5.1.6) exist in rat liver cytosol and a distinct species of the enzyme exists in kidney cytosol. S-Ado-Met synthetases alpha and beta in rat liver cytosol have been partially purified about 200- and 80-fold, respectively. The apparent molecular weight estimated by gel filtration and the sedimentation coefficient are 210 000 and 9 S for S-Ado-Met synthetase alpha and 160 000 and 5.5 S for S-Ado Met synthetase beta. Both enzymes absolutely require Mg2+ and K+ for the activity and are completely inhibited by p-(chloromercuri)-benzoate. Kinetic studies indicate that S-Ado-Met synthetases alpha and beta exhibit negative cooperativity with low S0.5 (ligand concentration required for half-maximal velocity) for L-methionine (17 microM) and ATP (0.5 mM) and positive cooperativity with much higher S0.5 values (S0.5 (L-methionine) = 0.5 mM, S0.5 (ATP) = 2 mM), respectively. The cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol markedly lower the S0.5 values of S-Ado-Met synthetase beta without significant effect on Vmax. A single species of S-Ado-Met synthetase has been purified about 1000-fold from rat kidney cytosol. The kidney enzyme, termed S-Ado-Met synthetase gamma, has an apparent molecular weight of 190 000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 7.5 S and is resistant to the inhibition by p-(chloromercuri)benzoate. S-Ado-Met synthetase gamma exhibits slightly negative cooperativity with an apparent S0.5 value for L-methionine of 6 microM and for ATP of 70 microM. PMID- 7213622 TI - Enzyme-bound sterols of bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc. AB - Bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-450 capable of cleaving the side chain of cholesterol was purified to homogeneity by the method of Suhara et al. [Suhara, K., Gomi, T., Sato, H., Itagaki, E., Takemori, S., & Katagiri, M. (1978) Arch. Biochem Biophys. 190, 290]. The substrate-bound form of the enzyme preparation was shown to contain in addition to cholesterol (1.2-3.0 mol/mol of P-450) 0.4 mol of (22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol, 0.1 mol of (20R,22R)-20,22 dihydroxycholesterol, and a trace amount (0.005 mol) of (20S)-20 hydroxycholesterol per mol of P-450scc. This relatively large concentration of (22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol is in accord with the hypothesis that the major pathway leading to side-chain cleavage proceeds through initial hydroxylation at the 22 position. The presence of these sterols as native constituents of cytochrome P-450scc supports their role as enzyme-bound intermediates in the biosynthesis of pregnenolone from cholesterol. PMID- 7213624 TI - Physicochemical differences between the red- and the far-red-absorbing forms of phytochrome. AB - We investigated some of the chemical and physical differences between the red absorbing (Pr) and far-red-absorbing (Pfr) forms of immunoaffinity-purified, undegraded oat (Avena sativa L., ev. Garry) phytochrome. Both Pr and Pfr had identical surface charges as measured by isoelectric focusing and identical secondary structure as judged from their circular dichroic spectra. Modification of specific amino acid residues, however, revealed some chemical differences between Pr and Pfr. Compared to Pr, Pfr had one more His and Cys residue per monomer modified immediately. His residues on Pfr were modified more rapidly than were those on Pr, as opposed to Cys modification which, after the initial burst, occurred more rapidly on Pr than on Pfr. Both His- and Cys-modified phytochromes were fully photoreversible. Both Pr and Pfr had the same number of immediately modified carboxyl functions, but those on Pr reacted slightly more rapidly than those on Pfr. Carboxyl-modified phytochrome was denatured by the acid pH used for modification so that its photoreversibility could not be measured. Modification of Tyr on Pr and Pfr resulted in two residues per monomer being modified very rapidly, with those on Pfr reacting even faster than those on Pr. Subsequent slower modification of remaining Tyr residues, however, occurred more rapidly on Pr than on Pfr. Phytochrome photoreversibility declined as a linear function of the number of Tyr modified and was lost completely when two Tyr per monomer had been modified. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of a small conformational change in phytochrome upon photoconversion and also fit a conformation-stabilization mechanism in which photo-conversion from Pr to Pfr stabilizes phytochrome in one particular conformation. PMID- 7213626 TI - Insights into heme structure from Soret excitation Raman spectroscopy. AB - Laser lines in resonance with the Soret band optical transitions of several heme proteins and heme model compounds have been used to obtain Raman spectra of these species. Correlations between the observed frequency of a polarized mode in the 1560-1600-cm-1 region and the heme iron spin and coordination geometry have been developed. The position of this band is also a function of the pattern of porphyrin pyrrole ring beta-carbon substitution, and therefore structural information can be extracted from the Raman data only after this dependence has been taken into account. Quantitative correlations between the frequency of this band and the porphyrin core size are presented for three commonly occurring classes of heme compounds: (a) protoheme derivatives, (b) iron porphyrins in which all ring positions are saturated, and (c) heme alpha species. A polarized mode in the 1470-1510-cm-1 region is also consistently enhanced upon Soret excitation of these compounds, but is relatively insensitive to peripheral substituents, and can be used in conjunction with the polarized mode described above to assign heme geometries. In the frequency region above 1600 cm-1, a vibration is observed which also responds to changes in porphyrin geometry. However, this band is sometimes obscured by vibrations of unsaturated beta-carbon substituents, particularly in the case of protoheme derivatives. The normal coordinate analysis developed by Abe and co-workers [Abe, M., Kitagawa, T., & Kyogoku, Y. (1978) J Chem. Phys. 69, 4526-4534] is used to rationalize the dependence of the various modes on porphyrin geometry and peripheral substitution. PMID- 7213625 TI - Temperature dependence of resonance Raman spectra of metmyoglobin and methemoglobin azide. Detection of resonance-enhanced bound azide vibrations and iron-azide stretch. AB - Resonance Raman spectroscopy has been employed to study the thermal spin equilibria in metmyoglobin azide [Fe(III)Mb-N3] and methemoglobin azide [Fe(III) Hb-N3]. The effect of temperature on Raman intensities permits us to assign lines to either high- or low-spin species. With excitation at 647.1 nm the intensity of an 15N3 isotope-sensitive mode at approximately 411 cm-1 was found to increase with decreasing temperature, indicating that its origin may not be the high-spin charge-transfer band at approximately 640 nm as suggested by Asher & Schuster [Asher, S. A. & Schuster, T. M. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 5377]. Instead, it may be enhanced via the weaker low-spin z-polarized charge-transfer band at approximately 650 nm which was identified by Eaton & Hochstrasser [Eaton, W. A., & Hochstrasser, R. M. (1968) J. Chem. Phys. 49, 985]. Our normal coordinate analysis on the model azide-Fe-imidazole and the polarized nature of the line allow us to establish that the approximate 411-cm-1 mode in Fe(III)Mb-N3 and Fe(III)Hb-N3 is assignable to the Fe-N3 stretch of low-spin species. Furthermore, we assign the out of plane azide mode (low spin) to the depolarized line at 573 cm-1 (15N3 isotope sensitive), which was previously assigned as the Fe-N3 stretch by Desbois et al. [Desbois, A., Lutz, M., & Banerjee, R. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 1510]. No internal vibrations of bound azide excitation at 406.7 nm, we have observed the enhancement of the antisymmetric azide stretch (both high and low spin), out of plane bending (low spin), and Fe-N3 stretch (low spin), indicating the existence of at least two charge-transfer transitions underlying the strong Soret band. The following four types of charge transfer are discussed in the light of our present resonance Raman data: (1) porphyrin (pi) leads to high-spin Fe (d pi), (2) azide (n) leads to low-spin iron (dz2), (3) azide (pi) leads to low-spin iron (dz2), and (4) azide (pi) leads to porphyrin (pi) (high spin). PMID- 7213628 TI - Spinach chloroplast mRNA for a 32 000 dalton polypeptide: size and localization on the physical map of the chloroplast DNA. AB - The RNA from chloroplasts of young spinach plants contains mRNAs which are translated in a cell-free protein synthesizing system from lysed rabbit reticulocytes. Using [35S]methionine to label the products of translation, the main peptides have apparent molecular weights of 55,000, 45,000, 40,000, 32,000, 20,000 and 17,000. The sizes of the mRNAs as estimated by sucrose gradient centrifugation under non-denaturing conditions are between 12 and 23 S. A prominent product synthesized with RNA isolated from young spinach plants has an approximate molecular weight of 32,000. The mRNA for this 32,000 dalton protein sediments at 14 S on sucrose gradient. The position of the DNA sequence coding for this mRNA on the restriction site map of spinach chloroplast DNA was determined by hybridization and hybrid-arrested translation. A preliminary transcription map shows that in RNA from spinach chloroplasts which is larger than 10 S different RNA species are present which hybridize to nearly all fragments of the larger of the two single-copy regions of the chloroplast DNA. PMID- 7213627 TI - An unusual pattern of genome organization in two Phaseolus plant species. AB - The modes of DNA sequence organization in the nuclear genomes of French bean and green gram are studied. The reassociation kinetics of DNAs of increasing fragment lengths have revealed that approximately 60% of the genomes of French bean and green gram consist of interspersed repeated and single copy sequences. The hyperchromicity and S1-nuclease-resistance of the reassociated long DNA fragments have further confirmed the occurrence of interspersion and have shown the actual proportion of repetitive DNA to be 35-40% in each species. These experiments have also yielded the size of interspersed repeated sequences as 1900-2350 nucleotide pairs. The fragment length of the interspersed single copy DNA sequences is estimated from a curve relating the fraction of DNA fragments binding to hydroxyapatite and the DNA fragment length and is 1300 nucleotides in both plant species. Approximately 35-40% of the single copy sequences are interspersed in this manner in French bean and green gram. Since the lengths of the interspersed repeated sequences are significantly different from those in other plant species, the DNA sequence organization patterns in French bean and green gram are considered to be unusual. PMID- 7213630 TI - Post-translational control of human hemoglobin synthesis: the role of the differential affinity between globin chains in the control of mutated globin gene expression. AB - The interactions between beta-thalassemia and the human hemoglobin (Hb) alpha chain variants, Hb Hasharon, Hb O Idonesia and Hb J Paris, and between alpha thalassemia and the beta-chain variants, Hb S, Hb C and Hb G San Jose, which are characterized by preferential decrease of the abnormal Hb level in peripheral bloods, have been studied. Both biosynthesis studies in reticulocytes and determination of the relative affinity of abnormal chains for normal complementary chains by in vivo recombination experiments, involving globin chains previously isolated in their native form, have been carried out in order to provide insights on the molecular events following the synthesis of the mutant chains under conditions of complementary chain deficiency. Furthermore, we have measured the relative affinity for complementary chain of beta D Los Angeles- and alpha J Rovigo-chains, the level of which does not decay in thalassemic carriers, and of alpha Legnano- and beta Osu Christiansborg-chains, which have not yet been observed in association with thalassemias. Our experiments indicated that the differential affinity for beta-chains is not always the major post-translational control mechanism which regulates the level of certain alpha-chain variants in beta-thalassemic heterozygotes, and that preferential removal of abnormal chains by proteolytic enzymes is likely to play an important role in most cases. On the other hand, the low affinity of certain variant beta-chains for alpha-chains may offer an explanation for the low level of certain beta-chain variants in peripheral blood of non-thalassemic carriers, as well as to their decrease under conditions of relative alpha-chain deficiency (alpha-thalassemias). PMID- 7213629 TI - Albumin messenger RNA after partial hepatectomy and sham operation. AB - Albumin mRNA was quantified in nuclear RNA and in polysomal and post-polysomal poly(A)-containing RNA from untreated, hepatectomized and laparotomized rat livers. A prominent reduction of albumin-specific RNA sequences was observed in all subcellular fractions 50 h after partial hepatectomy, compared to both untreated and sham-operated livers. Surprisingly, laparotomy itself also induced a dilution of albumin-specific sequences at earlier times after operation in nuclei and in post-polysomal supernatant, but not in polysomes. PMID- 7213631 TI - Raman excitation profiles of actinomycin D. AB - Pre-resonance Raman spectra of actinomycin D have been measured using the exciting lines of an Ar+ laser. The analysis of the excitation profiles provided information on the origin of the electronic states; in particular, the absorption feature between 400 and 500 nm was interpreted as due to a vibrational structure of a single electronic state which is located at 450 nm. In addition, on the basis of the excitation profiles, the number of observed Raman bands, and their frequencies, it has been possible to propose a vibrational assignment of the chromophoric framework of the drug. PMID- 7213632 TI - Structural rearrangement of histone-H1-depleted chromatin during thermal denaturation. AB - The influence of thermal denaturation on the nucleosomal structure of histone-H1 depleted chromatin was studied using psoralen-treated nucleoprotein preparations subjected to partial thermal denaturation. DNA was cross-linked with psoralen to ensure its complete renaturation upon cooling. The structure of the preheated nucleoprotein was investigated by thermal denaturation, kinetics of hydrolysis and DNA fragment pattern obtained upon digestion with micrococcal nuclease. The electron micrographs of the partially denatured nucleohistone showed gross changes in the nucleosomal structure which were consistent with a sliding of histone cores along DNA as recently reported by Tsaneva et al. (Tsaneva, I., Dimitrov, S., Pashev, I. and Tsanev, R., FEBS Lett., (1980) 112, 143-146). This interpretation is strongly supported by the following features of the partially denatured material: a, increased rate of degradation of DNA by micrococcal nuclease; b, melting of a part of DNA as a protein-free DNA; and c, shortening of the DNA repeat length upon digestion with micrococcal nuclease. The sliding of the core histones is parallelled by the denaturation of histones, which accounts for the very intensive background in the DNA digestion pattern, the loss of nucleosome morphology at higher temperatures, and the disappearance in the melting profile of the transition at 72 degrees C. PMID- 7213633 TI - Catfish vitellogenin and its messenger RNA are smaller than their chicken and Xenopus counterparts. AB - Injection of male bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) with estradiol induced the production of a major serum phosphoprotein of molecular weight 145,000. This protein was immunoprecipitable by antisera raised against lipovitellin from bullhead eggs and was absent from the serum of control males. Production of this serum protein coincided with changes in the liver mRNA population, which suggested that estradiol had induced the synthesis of additional mRNA sequences in the high-frequency class. Agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of methyl mercury hydroxide showed that this mRNA population contained at least one species which was not present in the liver of uninjected males. This new RNA was the major polyadenylated species present in the total cellular RNA and its size relative to ribosomal RNAs and locust vitellogenin mRNA was estimated as 5800 nucleotides. When the liver total RNAs were translated in the mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate system the major translation product from the induced fish had the same molecular weight (145,000) as the serum phosphoprotein and was immunoprecipitable by antilipovitellin antisera. This translation product was not coded for by RNA from control fish. These observations are consistent with the induction of vitellogenesis by estradiol as reported in other egg-laying vertebrates and they show that bullhead vitellogenin and its mRNA are significantly smaller than their avian and amphibian counterparts. PMID- 7213634 TI - Evidence for post-translational changes in rat liver ferritin. AB - Analysis of rat liver isoferritins labelled by NaH14CO3 injection shows that acidic isoferritins decay exponentially, while activity in more basic isoferritins rises over 2-3 days. This suggests that isoferritins of low pI become more basic by post-translational modification, occurring over the whole life time of the protein. PMID- 7213635 TI - Product inhibition studies of human liver formaldehyde dehydrogenase. AB - The steady-state kinetic mechanism of human liver formaldehyde dehydrogenase (formaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glutathione-formylating), EC 1.2.1.1) was investigated by product inhibition of the forward and the reverse reactions catalyzed by the enzyme. The results are compatible with a mechanism which contains the random addition to the enzyme of NAD+ and S-hydroxymethylglutathione (the adduct of glutathione and formaldehyde), or NADH and S-formylglutathione, and free glutathione as the allosteric activator of the enzyme (Uotila, L. and Mannervik, B. (1979) Biochem. J. 177, 869-878). PMID- 7213636 TI - Interaction between the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and citrate synthase. AB - Kinetic studies of the individual reaction of pig heart pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pyruvate dehydrogenase (pyruvate:lipoamide oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-acetylating), EC 1.2.4.1); dihydrolipoamide reductase(NAD+) (NADH:lipoamide oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.3); dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA:dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.12)), citrate synthase (citrate oxaloacetate-lyase (pro-3S-CH2COO- leads to acetyl-CoA), EC 4.1.3.7) and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-citrate synthase coupled system show that the KmCoA value of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and KmCoASAc value of citrate synthase decrease in the coupled system when compared to those in the individual enzyme reactions. The explanation for this interaction may be an association between the two enzymes. When it was centrifuged with 150 000 x g for 140 min, 30% of the citrate synthase sedimented in the presence of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, while no sedimentation was observed in the absence of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Sedimentation of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, phosphotransacetylase, hemoglobin and Blue albumin were negligible under the same condition. In gel chromatography experiments a significant peak of citrate synthase activity co-migrated with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex peak. This observation also suggests the possible association of two enzymes. PMID- 7213637 TI - Neuraminidase from influenza virus A (H3N2): specificity towards several substrates and procedure of activity determination. AB - Neuraminidase (acylneuraminyl hydrolase, EC 3.2.1.18) from the influenza virus A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) was purified after treatment of the purified virus with sarcosyl (sodium laurylsarcosinate), centrifugation at 110 000 x g, and chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and Sephadex G-200. It migrated as a single component during electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, and its molecular weight was estimated about 270 000. The enzyme was thermolabile, the activity being reduced to 60% in 10 min at 50 degrees C. The purified neuraminidase had an apparent Km value of 4.1 . 10(-3) M for 5-N-acetyl-2-O-(3-methoxyphenyl)-alpha-D neuraminic acid and was able to release sialic acid with linkages alpha 2-3, alpha 2-6 and alpha 2-8 (with very different efficiency) from fetuin, gangliosides, colominic acid, and bovine and porcine submaxillary mucins. The enzymic activity was measured by several procedures: (A) spectrophotometric determination at 340 nm of the NADH produced in the reaction catalysed by beta galactose dehydrogenase on beta-galactose + NAD+, this beta-galactose was the product released from lactose by beta-galactosidase and lactose was the product of the neuraminidase activity on N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose; (B) determination of the colored quinone yielded by the liberated methoxyphenol with 4-aminoantipyrine (Santer, U.V., Yee-Foon, J. and Glick, M.C. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 523, 435-442); (C) periodate-thiobarbiturate procedures (Warren, L. (1959) J. Biol. Chem 234, 1971-1975 or Aminoff, D. (1961) Biochem. J. 81, 384-391). Some peculiarities of these methods are discussed. PMID- 7213638 TI - Purification and properties of ribonucleases from human urine. AB - The two major ribonuclease (EC 3.1.27.5) present in normal human urine have been highly purified and extensively characterized for their enzymatic, physical, chemical and structural properties. One of the enzymes, RNAase C, is a glycoprotein which exhibits a pH optimum of 8.5 with RNA as the substrate and preferentially degrades the synthetic homoribopolymer poly(C). This enzyme is resolved into multiple components by column electrofocusing. However, prior treatment with neuraminidase results in a single form of RNAase C with an isoelectric point of 10.4, indicating that the charge heterogeneity is the result of variability in sialic acid content. Amino acid composition and NH2- and COOH terminal sequence analyses of RNAase C show that this enzyme is very similar to mammalian pancreatic RNAases; the data indicate a peptide chain of 126 amino acid residues and a 33% carbohydrate content. The second enzyme isolated from urine, termed RNAase U, is also a glycoprotein which has a pH optimum of 7.0 with RNA as substrate and is virtually inactive against poly(C). RNAase U lacks sialic acid and focuses as a single component with a highly basic isoelectric point of greater than pH 11.0. The NH2- and COOH-terminal sequences of RNAase U show little homology with the pancreatic RNAases. However, the amino acid composition of this enzyme indicates it is very similar to human spleen RNAase. PMID- 7213639 TI - Studies on the sialidoses: properties of human leucocyte neuraminidases. AB - At least two components of neuraminidase (acylneuraminyl hydrolase, EC 3.2.1.18) can be distinguished in human leucocytes on the basis of pH optimum, thermolability at 30 degrees C and the effect of the detergent octyl-beta-D glucoside. With 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminate as substrate, the A component has a pH optimum of 5.0, is labile at 30 degrees C and is unaffected by 0.2 M octyl-beta-glucoside. The B component has a pH optimum of 4.0 4.2, is stable at 30 degrees C but loses most of its activity in the presence of 0.2 M octyl-beta-glucoside. Both A and B components are membrane-bound but only the A component is solubilized by octyl-beta-glucoside in an active form. Molecular weights of neuraminidases by gamma-ray radiation inactivation (a method that does not require solubilization of the enzyme) were found to be 240 000 +/- 19 000 for the B component, 203 000 +/- 17 000 for the A component and 238 000 +/ 8000 for the octyl-beta-glucoside-solubilized A component. Gel filtration of soluble A component on Sephacryl S-300, in the presence of octyl-beta-glucoside, showed a single peak of activity eluted at or near the void volume suggesting that the enzyme is still in an aggregated form. Profound deficiency of neuraminidase activity was found for both A and B components in leucocytes of patients affected with sialidoses type 1 and 2 (less than 15% normal) and intermediate activity in obligate heterozygotes. These results suggest that the A and B components of leucocyte neuraminidase are closely related from the genetic point of view and that rapid diagnosis of sialidoses can be done by fluorimetric assay of neuraminidase in leucocytes. PMID- 7213640 TI - Purification by affinity chromatography and properties of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase from Chlorella regularis. AB - Uroporphyrinogen I synthetase (porphobilinogen ammonia-lyase (polymerizing), EC 4.3.1.8) from Chlorella regularis was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on porphobilinogen-AH-Sepharose 4B, which was prepared by reacting carbodiimide with substrate, porphobilinogen. The enzyme was purified 232-fold from the initial crude extract and specific activity was 348 nmol porphyrinogen I formed (mg protein)-1 . h-1 at pH 7.4. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 35 000-36 000 as determined by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. This enzyme was acidic protein having an isoelectric point of 4.2. The enzyme exhibited a single pH optimum at a pH value of 7.4 both in phosphate and Tris-HCl buffer. The Km value for porphobilinogen was 89 microM as measured by its consumption and 85 microM when uroporphyrin formation was used. The Arrhenius plot obtained from the enzyme activity measurements appeared triphasic with breaks occurring at 35 and 46 degrees C and activation energy was calculated to be 21 700 (10-35 degrees C), 12 700 (35-46 degrees C) and 1800 cal . mol-1 (46-65 degrees C). This enzyme was heat stable and the enzyme still retained 87% of activity, even after 1 h incubation at 75 degrees C. PMID- 7213641 TI - New bromoperoxidases of marine origin: partial purification and characterization. AB - Enzymes capable of catalyzing the bromination of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol by Br- have been shown to be present in crude homogenates of the alga Rhodomela larix (Rhodophyta). There are also indications of such activity in the marine invertebrates Thelepus setosus and Ptychodera flava laysanica. Detailed analysis of R. larix samples indicated that the activity in this species is greatest in the late spring and summer. After partial purification the enzyme had a pH optimum of approx. 4.4, a temperature optimum around 32 degrees C and was inhibited by NaN3. This algal bromoperoxidase requires the presence of H2O2 and can brominate monochlorodimedon and oxidize iodide, but it cannot oxidize chloride. The enzyme appears to be particulate. PMID- 7213642 TI - Purification and properties of adenylosuccinate synthetase from Yoshida sarcoma ascites tumor cells. AB - Adenylosuccinate synthetase (IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming), EC 6.3.4.4) was purified about 750-fold to a homogeneous state from Yoshida sarcoma ascites tumor cells. A yield of 38% purified enzyme was achieved by a procedure including affinity chromatography on hadacidin-Sepharose 4B. Ultracentrifugal analyses showed that the molecular weight of the native enzyme was 102 000 with an s20,w value of 4.5 and that the molecular weight in 6 M guanidine-HCl was 47 000. These values indicate that the native enzyme is composed of two subunits. The isoelectric point was determined to be 5.9 by isoelectric focusing. The optimum pH for activity was 6.8-7.0. The Km values for IMP, aspartate and GTP were calculated to be 4.1, 9.8 and 0.7 . 10(-4) M, respectively. The antibiotic, hadacidin was strongly inhibitory, causing competitive inhibition with respect to aspartate with a Ki value of 2.5 . 10(-6) M. Nucleoside mono- and diphosphate also inhibited the enzyme activity, but their inhibitions were not apparently specific. The purified enzyme showed full activity in the presence of Mg2+, and Mg2+ could be partially replaced by Mn2+, Co2+, Ca2+ or Cu2+. Divalent metal ions, such as Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Mn2+, interfered with the activity by antagonizing Mg2+. Hg2+ or PCMB inactivated the enzyme, suggesting that an SH group may be important for activity. PMID- 7213643 TI - Characteristics of an acetone powder preparation of the vitamin K-dependent gamma glutamyl carboxylase. AB - An acetone powder, prepared from the liver microsomes of vitamin K-deficient rats, retains an active vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase. While the basic requirements of the enzyme are similar to those of the carboxylase of either resuspended microsomes or detergent-solubilized microsomes, the acetone powder preparation reveals some additional properties of the carboxylase. Carboxylation of the synthetic pentapeptide substrate phenylalanylleucyl-glutamyl glutamyl-valine can occur in the absence of nonionic detergent; however, when vitamin K hydroquinone drives the acetone powder carboxylation nonionic detergent is require for maximal activity. Experiments are described in which the acetone powder is incubated with the pentapeptide, pelleted by centrifugation, resuspended with fresh reactants, and incubated again. They suggest that the low V for the carboxylase, observed by all investigators, is, at least in part, not the result of irreversible enzyme inactivation nor depletion of reactants, but rather accumulation of a yet to be identified inhibitor(s). The acetone powder prepared from microsomes derived from livers of nutritionally normal cows contains vitamins vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase. This enzyme can be solubilized from the powder using Triton X-100 and could provided a large supply of starting material for enzyme purification. PMID- 7213644 TI - Evaluation of enzyme systems and their regulation: the inapplicability of irreversible thermodynamics. AB - The formalism called irreversible thermodynamics has been examined for its applicability to the description of enzymic reactions. The basic assumption of this formalism is that the net flux through a reaction is related to the free energy change, a relationship which is usually assumed to be linear. These assumptions are shown to be approximately true for the trivial case of an enzyme reaction within 0.8 kJ/mol (0.2 kcal/mol) of equilibrium in the absence of changes in any regulatory parameters (such as inhibitor, activator, or enzyme concentration). For all other reaction conditions the net flux is not related to the free energy change and in special cases for which an apparent relationship is seen, it is not linear. Thus, application of the formalism of irreversible thermodynamics gives rise to qualitatively and quantitatively erroneous results and conclusions. Since most regulatory enzymic reactions are far from equilibrium, and the net reaction rate of such reactions is regulated by changes in inhibitors, activators and/or enzyme concentration, the formalism of irreversible thermodynamics is in general neither applicable nor useful in understanding the behavior of biological reaction systems. PMID- 7213645 TI - Aging of soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: PH-rate profiles and temperature dependence in absence and in presence of effectors. AB - The influence of pH and temperature upon the dealkylation (aging) of soman inhibited acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) was investigated. The pH-rate profile, as measured at 5 degrees C, shows a maximum aging rate at pH 5.0 and indicates the involvement of two ionizable groups with pKa values of 6.0 and 4.5. The pH-rate profile was not changed essentially by the two effector compounds, semicarbazide and HH54. the activation energy of aging at pH 7.0 was determined as to 6.12 x 10(4) J/mol; it was lowered by the accelerator of aging semicarbazide to 5.28 x 10(4) J/mol and increased to 9.42 x 10(4) J/mol by the retarding compound HH54. PMID- 7213646 TI - Effect of phosphoenolpyruvate analogs on the activity of enoylpyruvate transferase and the effect of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine on the reactivity of the active site SH group. AB - Effect of several phosphoenolpyruvate analogs on the activity of enoylpyruvate (phosphoenolpyruvate: UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-enoyl-1 carboxyethyltransferase, EC 2.5.1.7) transferase was examined. The results suggest that the phosphoenolpyruvate binding site of the transferase is very similar to that of pyruvate kinase (ATP: pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40). Evidence is presented to show that the binding of UDP-GlcNAc to the transferase enhances the reactivity of the active site SH group. PMID- 7213647 TI - Magnetic circular dichroism on oxygen complexes of hemoproteins: correlation between magnetic circular dichroism magnitude and electronic structures of oxygen complexes. AB - Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and natural circular dichroism (CD) spectra are reported for horseradish peroxidase Compounds II and III, and kangaroo myoglobin Compound II at pH values of 8.5 and 4.9. These compounds exhibited MCD spectra of apparent Faraday A term both in the Soret and Q regions, except for myoglobin compounds in the Soret region where intrinsic temperature dependence showed large contribution from Faraday C terms. Comparison of these data with the MCD spectra of the dioxygen complexes of hemoglobin (myoglobin) and cytochrome P-450 revealed that the magnitude of the apparent Faraday A term trough at the Q0-0 bands decreased in the order of O2 complexes of hemoglobin (myoglobin) ([theta]M not equal to 16) greater than horseradish peroxidase Compound III ([theta]M not equal to 8) greater than O2 complex of cytochrome P-450 ([theta]M not equal to 4). The [theta]M values of the oxygen complex of cytochrome P-450 is similar to those observed for the compounds II of horseradish peroxidase and kangaroo myoglobin. From these observations it was concluded that the magnitude of MCD, especially the trough depth of the Q0-0 band, has direct correlation to the electronic states of the oxygen complexes of the hemoproteins. The implication of the findings was discussed in terms of the iron electronic structures perturbed by the axial ligation. PMID- 7213648 TI - The role of albumin conformation in the binding of diazepam to human serum albumin. AB - The effect of hydrogen, chloride and calcium ions on the binding of diazepam to human serum albumin has been studied by circular dichroism and equilibrium dialysis. In all cases the molar ellipticity of the diazepam-albumin complex increases with pH over the pH range 5 to 9. Under these conditions the free concentration of diazepam at a constant low drug to protein ratio decreases with pH. This free concentration is higher in the presence of chloride and calcium ions. With a two state conformational model for albumin it was shown, that the pH dependences of molar ellipticity of the diazepam-albumin complex and of the free concentration of diazepam are linked. It was demonstrated that the N-B transition of albumin is involved in the pH dependent binding of diazepam. The consequences of these findings for equilibrium dialysis procedures in determining free plasma levels of diazepam are discussed. PMID- 7213649 TI - Conformation of pardaxin, the toxin of the flatfish Pardachirus marmoratus. AB - Pardaxin is the toxic component isolated from the secretion of the Red Sea flatfish Pardachirus marmoratus. Pardaxin has attracted considerable attention recently because of its use as shark repellent. Conformational information regarding the peptide backbone, disulfide bonds, and tyrosine chromophores was obtained using Raman and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Analysis of the Raman spectra indicates that the toxin consists of 39% alpha-helix, 23% beta structure, and 39% random coil. The occurrence of a band at 510--512 cm-1 indicates the conformational geometry of the disulfide C-C-S-S-C-C linkages to be gauche-gauche-gauche. From the lack of a peak in the 2500--2700 cm-1 region we concluded that all half-cystines are involved in disulfide linkages. The far ultraviolet CD spectrum of pardaxin showed positive 196 and negative 208 and 222 nm bands. The best fit secondary structure based on the CD ellipticities was found to be: 23% alpha-helix, 21% beta-structure, and 56% random coil. Under highly acidic and alkaline conditions the far-ultraviolet pardaxin spectra showed extensive, reversible loss of its helical structure. Due to certain biological characteristics of pardaxin the possible influence of salt on pardaxin's conformation was examined. No evidence of conformation perturbation was detected in either the CD or Raman spectra of pardaxin. PMID- 7213650 TI - Flash photolysis study of ligand binding by modified myoglobins at low temperatures. AB - The CO-binding kinetics of myoglobin containing proto-, meso- and deutero-hemes were studied by flash photolysis over the temperature range 50-300 K. Results recorded over a large dynamic range of time (microseconds to many seconds) reveal processes that are non-exponential in time and multiphasic. The data are explained by a model in which the CO molecule must surmount four barriers in migrating from the solvent to the heme iron. At least two of these barriers have heights that vary from one molecule to another. Varying the nature of the heme group affects mainly the innermost of these barriers and, to a lesser degree, the second-outermost barrier. PMID- 7213651 TI - Molecular dynamics of two homologous neurotoxins revealed by 1H-2H exchange: an infrared spectrometry study. AB - Temperature effects on the hydrogen exchange kinetics and the infrared spectra of two homologous snake neurotoxins (Laticauda semifasciata erabutoxin b and Naja nigricollis toxin alpha) were investigated between 10 and 40 degrees C, at their isoionic pH. (1) Erabutoxin b is more accessible to the solvent than toxin alpha. (2) With increasing temperature, both toxin molecules undergo a global transition affecting the most accessible as well as the most buried hydrogens: the overall accessibility changes are more important for erabutoxin b than for toxin alpha. The different conformational stabilities of the toxins are also qualitatively supported by the temperature-induced shifts which affect the infrared amide I band of toxin alpha only. The existence of two conformer families could be responsible for the different conformational stability of these proteins. PMID- 7213653 TI - Affinity titration curves: determination of dissociation constants of lectin sugar complexes and of their pH-dependence by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. AB - By performing electrophoresis perpendicular to a stationary pH gradient (pH mobility curves) in polyacrylamide gels containing a specific ligand either covalently fixed or entrapped in the gel matrix, it is possible to measure dissociation constants (Kd) and their pH-dependence in the pH range 3.5-10. The present technique, called 'affinity titration curves', is an extension of 'affinity electrophoresis'. This system has been applied to the study of the interaction between lectins and sugars: lectin from Ricinus communis seeds and alpha-D-galactose, and lectin from Lens culinaris seeds and alpha-D-mannose. The pH-dependence of Kd values indicated a more rapid decrement of affinity of both lectins for their ligands at acidic pH as compared to alkaline pH. For both lectins, maximum affinity was found in the pH range 7-8. Since the ionic strength of focused carrier ampholytes is 100-200-times lower than in conventional electrophoresis, the Kd values found by the present method are generally lower than the same values obtained by affinity electrophoresis. PMID- 7213652 TI - Collagen type II differs from type I in native molecular packing. AB - Native molecular packing of types I and II collagens were compared by low-angle X ray diffraction. Fibers from human intervertebral disc that contained different proportions of types I and II collagens were studied by X-ray diffraction, and were then analyzed biochemically to measure the constituent collagen species. Other cartilages, containing exclusively type I or type II collagen, were also examined. The equatorial diffraction established that in wet, native type II collagen, the molecules are spaced farther apart laterally than in type I collagen under the same conditions. For the disc the average lateral spacing ranged from about 14 A for a fiber from the outer annulus fibrosus containing mostly type I collagen, to 16-17 A for nucleus pulposus that contained all type II collagen. No differences were evident among dried specimens. We have also found that the meridional diffraction pattern from dry fibers of type II collagen differed from that of type I collagen. The findings indicate that under physiological conditions type II collagen fibrils contain more water than type I fibrils. Calculations suggest 50-100% more water. We propose that this difference is an inherent property of type II collagen and that it may be significant for the function of type II collagen in tissues that dissipate compressive forces. The content of glycosylated hydroxylysine residues is the chemical variable likely to be modulating fibrillar hydration. PMID- 7213654 TI - The pH dependence of tryptophan fluorescence of goat alpha-lactalbumin with particular reference to the effect of binding of an impurity from milk. AB - Two processes giving rise to changes in tryptophan fluorescence of goat alpha lactalbumin below pH 7 have been studied. Both of these spectral transitions are strongly influenced by the presence of an impurity which binds to the protein if its contact at acid pH with the milk mother liquor is prolonged during its preparation. Transition II, the U leads to N conversion, follows the same course at both 2 and 25 degrees C, i.e. a minimum of three abnormally titrating groups are normalized during the conformational change at both temperatures. The difference in this conclusion from that made earlier (Kronman, M.J., Jeroszko, J. and Sage, G.W. (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 285, 145-166) that groups are normalized at 25 and at 2 degrees C was found to be due to binding of the impurity to the protein used in the earlier study. Transition I, which we detect between pH 7 and 4.4 and which appears to be due to perturbation of tryptophans by vicinal ionizing groups, overlaps Transition II, the U leads to N conversion. However, the fluorescence above approx. 340 nm in the emission spectrum appears to be free of contributions from the former process and can be used in a valid analysis of the thermodynamics of the latter process. PMID- 7213655 TI - Purification of porcine neurophysins I and II by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Porcine neurophysins I and II have been reported to be metabolically active. This activity was suggested to be due to contaminations. Furthermore, neurophysin I has been suggested to be heterogeneous on the basis of amino acid sequence analysis. The neurophysins I and II were isolated from porcine pituitary glands. Though they seemed homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel- and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis, neurophysin I could be separated into neurophysin I1 and I2 by high performance liquid chromatography. Neurophysin I2 differs from neurophysin I1 by one additional C-terminal amino acid. The purified neurophysins had no metabolic activity. PMID- 7213656 TI - Comparison of aortic and ear cartilage tropoelastins isolated from lathyritic pigs. AB - Tropoelastin was isolated from aortae and auricular cartilage obtained from lathyritic piglets. The two tissue-specific tropoelastins were judged homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration on a high-pressure liquid chromatograph. Comparative studies of the tropoelastins were performed. Amino acid analysis revealed that the aortic and cartilage tropoelastins were very similar, if not identical, with the only exception that the cartilage tropoelastin contained more hydroxyproline and less lysine residues, both of which can be attributable to post-translational modifications. Both tropoelastins possess an apparent molecular weight of 70 000 and exhibit similar peptide fragments with limited trypsin cleavage. Antiserum raised to the aortic tropoelastin was used to show immunological identity between the two tissue tropoelastins. PMID- 7213657 TI - Effect of phospholipid and detergent on the Schiff base of cephalopod rhodopsin and metarhodopsin. AB - In the visual pigment, the chromophore retinal is bound through a Schiff base linkage with the protein moiety, opsin. The secondary interaction of retinal with opsin was studied in cephalopod rhodopsin and its photoproduct, metarhodopsin. The pK of the protonation of the Schiff base in metarhodopsin was affected by the phospholipids and detergents surrounding the protein, and varied between 9.2 and 6.9. Among nonionic detergents, the fatty acid ester of sucrose behaved like phospholipids but other detergents changed the protein conformation so that the pK of the Schiff base in metarhodopsin became nearly equal to the pK of N retinylidene butylamine. This tendency was manifested in rhodopsin as the formation of a 380 nm pigment. PMID- 7213658 TI - Preparation and characterization of a novel group of pituitary-derived peptides stimulatory for DNA synthesis in fibroblasts. AB - Using [3H]thymidine incorporation into Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts as an index of mitotic activity, several cationic growth-promoting peptide fractions of relatively low potency were identified and partially purified from bovine pituitaries. The most completely characterized fraction exhibited an isoelectric pH of 10.4, and gel exclusion chromatograms under non-denaturing conditions were consistent with a self-associating system. Gel exclusion chromatography in the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride demonstrated that the major reduced and S alkylated peptides comprising this fraction had molecular weights of 8400 and 9000, and there was no evidence of disulfides between these or other minor peptides. This was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate and urea. Two other active fractions, each with an isoelectric pH of 9.9, were found to have major reduced and S-alkylated peptides with molecular weights between 6400 and 13 000, and the chromatographic results suggested the presence of intramolecular disulfides. The peptides from all fractions had a relatively high percentage of basic amino acids (approx. 20%); lysine was predominant (10-17%) and histidine was relatively low (less than 1%). Based on various criteria including amino acid composition, molecular weight, isoelectric point, and biological assays, the mitogenic activity in these fractions does not appear to result from fibroblast growth factor. Thus, the pituitary seems to contain multiple cationic mitogenic peptides of low potency for fibroblasts in vitro and their target cells in vivo remain to be defined. PMID- 7213660 TI - The involvement of tertiary conformational changes and the role of the alpha chain-binding sites on oxygen-linked chloride release from human hemoglobin. AB - Chloride anions, when bound to human hemoglobin, lower the affinity for oxygen and increase the alkaline Bohr effect. These oxygen-linked characteristics are attributed to the preferential binding of Cl- to both alpha- and beta-chains in their deoxy configuration. It is demonstrated that the release of Cl- upon oxygenation is mainly due to tertiary changes, as shown by the effect of the anion on K1, the affinity constant of hemoglobin for oxygen at a very low saturation level (y less than or equal to 1.5%) where the cooperativity is unity. Investigation of the chloride effect on adult hemoglobin specifically carbamylated at the N-terminal valine of the alpha-chains, indicated a large inhibition of the effect of Cl-. The alpha-chain-binding sites appear to be the sites of the greatest affinity for the anion. PMID- 7213659 TI - Root effect of Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin. AB - Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin exhibits a progressive decrease in oxygen affinity and a parallel loss of cooperativity with decrease in pH, resulting in an apparent loss of the oxygen-binding capacity of the protein. For a characterization of this system, oxygen-binding curves have been determined over the complete range of oxygen saturation, applying a special technique which involves high-pressure spectrophotometry. Although the oxygen-binding behavior as a function of pH is complex and cannot be described within the frame of a simple two-state Monod-Wyman-Changeux model, the observed Root effect is clearly related to a progressive stabilization of a low oxygen affinity state of the protein and functional heterogeneity is not apparent. PMID- 7213661 TI - Hemoglobin Milledgeville (alpha 44 (CD2) Pro leads to Leu): a new variant with increased oxygen affinity. AB - Hemoglobin Milledgeville, a new hemoglobin structural variant, was identified in three members of a black American family. The oxygen affinity of blood and hemoglobin samples from the affected individuals was markedly increased (p50 O2 of whole blood 11-15 mmHg at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4), and the abnormality was associated with mild erythrocytosis. The variant hemoglobin did not separate from Hb A by electrophoresis or by chromatography or isoelectric focusing, and efforts to isolate an abnormal globin chain were also unsuccessful. The Hb A2 fraction as well as Hb A from erythrocytes of affected individuals exhibited increased oxygen affinity, indicating that the altered oxygen equilibrium was the result of a hemoglobin alpha chain abnormality. Fractionation of trypsin and chymotrypsin digests of isolated alpha chains demonstrated a single abnormal peptide representing a Pro leads to Leu substitution at alpha 44 (CD2). Properties of Hb Milledgeville include low cooperativity (n = 1.1-1.4), a normal alkaline Bohr effect (delta logp50/delta pH = -0.62), and normal interaction with 2,3 diphosphoglycerate. The alpha CD2 proline residue normally participates in the formation of the alpha 1 beta 2 subunit interface in the deoxy quaternary conformation, but not in oxyhemoglobin; the leucine substitution may produce destabilization of the deoxy conformation with a resulting shift in equilibrium toward the oxy conformation. PMID- 7213663 TI - A hybrid toxin containing fragment A from diphtheria toxin linked to the B protomer of cholera toxin. AB - We have constructed and characterized a hybrid toxin containing the A chain of diphtheria toxin linked via a disulfide bridge to the B protomer of cholera toxin. Cholera toxin B protomer, previously derivatized with 4-5 cystaminyl groups per pentameric protomer, was reacted with reduced diphtheria toxin chain A to give the desired hybrid, containing an average of 2 molecules of diphtheria toxin chain A per cholera toxin B protomer. A concentration of 0.3 nM hybrid inhibited protein synthesis by 50% in 24 h in several cultured cell lines; thus the hybrid was about 10-fold more toxic than of a (diphtheria toxin chain A)-SS (concanavalin A) conjugate described previously. Evidence was obtained that toxicity of the hybrid was dependent on the functional contributions of both the diphtheria toxin chain A and cholera toxin B protomer moieties. PMID- 7213662 TI - Metachromatic staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 of the proline-rich calf thymus histone, H1. AB - In this report, we show that calf thymus histone 1 stains metachromatically with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250. Histone 1 gel bands appear red instead of the more familiar blue color characteristic of the vast majority of proteins. The red color and the spectral properties of histone 1 bands are qualitatively similar to those of collagen and procollagen bands which, as previously shown by others, also stain metachromatically (Micko, S. and Schlaepfer, W.W. (1978) Anal. Biochem. 88, 566-572 and McCormick, P.J., Chandrasekhar, S. and Millis, A.J.T. (1979) Anal. Biochem. 97, 359-366). In contrast to histone 1, histones 2A, 3 and 4 stain blue; histone 2B also stains predominantly blue, but with a faint red tint. Both red and blue bands display an absorption maximum in the vicinity of 560 nm, but red bands display an additional maximum in the vicinity of 530 nm. There are quantitative differences between the red bands; the 530 nm peak is more prominent in the spectrum of the collagen band than in the spectrum of the histone 1 band. The spectra of the blue bands are all very similar except that the spectrum of the histone 2B band is shifted slightly toward lower wavelengths. To account for the spectral differences between protein bands, we propose a model in which closely-spaced proline residues are responsible for the chromotropic effect. Localized concentrations of proline residues are present in both collagens and histone 1 and a small cluster is also present in histone 2B. PMID- 7213664 TI - Structural studies on a collagen-like glycoprotein isolated from lung lavage of normal animal. AB - A major glycoprotein of Mr = 36 000 has been isolated from lung lavage of normal rabbit and purified to homogeneity by gel chromatography. The glycoprotein was found to contain 4 residues hydroxyproline, 50 residues glycine, 3 residues methionine, 2.6 mol sialic acid, 4.0 mol galactose, 5.0 mol mannose, 0.9 mol fucose and 7.0 mol glucosamine. Cyanogen bromide treatment of the glycoprotein resulted in four peptides with molecular weights of 18 000, 12 000, 5000 and 1000, three of the peptides containing hydroxyproline and two of the peptides containing carbohydrates. Partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis on one of the cyanogen bromide peptides (Mr = 18 000) indicated the presence of -Gly Pro-Hyp-Gly- sequence in the peptide chain, suggesting that collagen-like region(s) may be present in this glycoprotein. PMID- 7213665 TI - Separation of heparin into fractions with different anticoagulant activity by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. AB - Hog mucosal heparin purified on Sephadex G-100 (anticoagulant activity assayed by the method of the United States Pharmacopoeia, 179 units/mg) was separated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B into two groups, one with high affinity and another with low affinity for the gels. The former group was further separated into three fractions differing in hydrophobicity. The anticoagulant activities of the fractions with higher hydrophobicity ranged from 210 to 254 units/mg, whereas that of the fraction with lower hydrophobicity was 100 units/mg. The difference in antithrombin III-activation potency was much more prominent. The data obtained from affinity chromatography of these fractions on antithrombin III-Sepharose also substantiated the observed difference in anticoagulant activity. Analytical data of the fractions revealed a characteristic difference in both N-acetyl content and molecular size. While the N-acetyl content (mol/mol of hexosamine) and Kav value (on Ultrogel AcA44) of the fraction with the lowest hydrophobicity were 0.12 mol and 0.48, those of the fractions with higher hydrophobicity were 0.15-0.17 mol and 0.35-0.23, respectively. PMID- 7213666 TI - An electrochemical study of the iron storage protein, ferritin. AB - The electrochemical behavior of iron storage protein, ferritin (molecular weight 700 000) was studied by pulse polarography, cyclic voltammetry and 'potentiometry' monitored by colorimetry. Comparison between in vivo and voltammetric redox reactions of the ferritin Fe(III) core and thermodynamic E'0 values for native ferritin are described. PMID- 7213667 TI - The peroxidatic and catalatic activity of catalase in normal and acatalasemic mouse liver. AB - Monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric forms of mouse liver catalase have been shown to express peroxidatic activity while the tetrameric form expresses the catalatic activity. Autosomally inherited acatalasemia, produced by X-ray irradiation of mice results in almost complete loss of catalatic activity of catalase but has o effect on the peroxidatic activity. Liver catalase from normal and acatalasemic mice was purified by following the catalatic and peroxidatic activity, respectively. Antiserum produced in rabbit against catalase from normal mouse completely precipitated the catalatic and peroxidatic activity from normal liver, and peroxidatic activity from the acatalasemic liver homogenate. Similar results were obtained when antiserum against peroxidase from acatalasemic mice was used. These studies indicate that acatalasemia in mice is due to a structural gene mutation which leads to synthesis of structurally altered catalase subunits. The altered subunits express peroxidatic activity but do not combine to form a tetramer which expresses catalatic activity. PMID- 7213668 TI - Regulation of NAD- and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase by hydrocortisone in the brain and liver of male rats of various ages. AB - The activity and hormonal regulation of NAD- and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.41 and 1.1.1.42, respectively) in the brain and liver of rats of various ages were investigated. The activity of NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase of the brain was greater than cytoplasmic or mitochondrial NADP linked isocitrate dehydrogenase. In contrast, the cytoplasmic NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase of the liver predominates over both NAD- and mitochondrial NADP isocitrate dehydrogenases at the three ages studied. The activity of NAD isocitrate dehydrogenase increased in the brain (139%) and liver (17%) of rats up to 33 weeks of age and decreased (57 and 39%, respectively) in old rats (85-week old). The activity of cytoplasmic NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase was maximum in immature (6-week-old) rat brain and decreased as the age of the rats increased; whereas, in liver, the activity of this enzyme was found o be maximum in adult rats (33-week-old). Brain mitochondrial NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase activity increased (64%) in adult rats, but in liver it decreased (45 and 33% in 33- and 85-week-old rats, respectively). In both tissues, adrenalectomy and hydrocortisone treatment showed differential age-dependent response. Hydrocortisone-mediated induction of the level of enzymes was inhibited by actinomycin D. PMID- 7213669 TI - Alterations in surface carbohydrates and in some functional properties of liver lysosomal membrane in vitamin A-deficient rat. AB - A significant decrease in total carbohydrates and particularly in mannose, galactose and sialic acid has been observed in vitamin A-deficient rat liver lysosomal membrane. These alterations adversely affect the membrane permeability and structure-linked latency of the lysosomal enzymes. Significant reduction in the pH-dependent in vitro binding of the lysosomal arylsulfatase B to the highly purified membrane has been observed in vitamin A deficiency. This is attributed to the decrease in electro-negativity, mainly due to the observed reduction in negatively-charged sialic acid residues on the outer side of the membrane. Similar reduction in sialic acid content on the inner side of the membrane affects the microenvironment in the lysosomes. Intralysosomal pH, measured by computing the proteolytic activity of lysed lysosomes and of phagolysosomes, endocytosed with denatured 131I-labelled human serum albumin, is slightly consistently higher in vitamin A-deficient groups compared to that in control alone. This is reflected in the low rate of degradation of the entrapped proteins in vitamin A deficiency. The possible physiological significance of the observations is discussed with special reference to the loss of surface carbohydrates, particularly sialic acid, in vitamin A-deficient rats. PMID- 7213670 TI - The effect of redox potential on the kinetics of fluorescence induction in pea chloroplasts. I. Removal of the slow phase. AB - The effect of alteration of redox potential on the kinetics of fluorescence induction in pea chloroplasts has been investigated. Potentiometric titration of the initial (Fi) level of fluorescence recorded upon shutter opening gave a two component curve, with Em(*7) at -20 mV and -275 mV, almost, identical to results obtained using continuous low intensity illumination (Horton, P. and Croze, E. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 545, 188--201). The slow or tail phase of induction observed in the presence of DCMU can be eliminated by poising the redox potential at approx. 0 to +50 mV. At this potential Fi was increased by less than 10% and the higher potential quencher described above was only marginally reduced. The disappearance of the slow phase titrated as an n = 1 component with an Em(7) of +120 mV. Therefore it seems unlikely that the slow phase of fluorescence induction is due to photoreduction of the -20 mV quencher. These results are discussed with reference to current ideas concerning heterogeneity on the acceptor side of Photosystem II. PMID- 7213671 TI - Quantum efficiency and antenna size of photosystems II alpha, II beta and I in tobacco chloroplasts. AB - Reaction center concentrations were determined in chloroplasts of tobacco, cv John William's Broadleaf, and its mutants Su/su and Su/su var. Aurea. Quantum yields of the primary reactions of Photosystems I, II alpha and II beta (Melis, A. and Homann, P.H. (1975) Photochem. Photobiol. 21, 431--437) were obtained by measurement of their rate constants and the absorbed energy, under conditions where all three photosystems operated simultaneously and produced almost irreversibly a single charge separation. The concentrations and reaction rates of the photosystems were different in chloroplasts from the wild type and the mutants, but in chloroplasts of each type of plant used essentially all quanta absorbed by chlorophyll caused a charge separation in PS I, PS II alpha or PS II beta. since the quantum efficiency of each photosystem was close to one, kinetic differences between the photosystems and between different kinds of chloroplasts were only due to differences in antenna size. From the rate constants the number of chlorophyll molecules in the antenna of each photosystem could be calculated. It is argued that PS II alpha and PS II beta must be different, independent structures. PMID- 7213672 TI - Chlorophyll composition of photosystems II alpha, II beta and I in tobacco chloroplasts. AB - The antenna composition of the Photosystems II alpha, II beta and I was studied in tobacco chloroplasts. Absorbance spectra, recorded at 4 K, were analyzed for the wild type and the mutants Su/su and Su/su var. Aurea, containing higher concentrations of the photosystems. With chloroplasts of Su/su we measured the action spectra of the three photosystems from 625 to 690 nm. Above 675 nm absorption by Photosystem I dominated. This system had a maximum at 678 nm and a shoulder at 660 nm. Of the long-wavelength chlorophyll a forms, absorbing at 690, 697 and 705 nm at 4 K, which are generally assigned to Photosystem I, the 697 nm form occurred in an amount of four molecules per reaction center of Photosystem I in each type of chloroplast. The Photosystem II alpha spectrum was characterized by maxima at 650 and 672 nm, showing clearly the participation of the chlorophyll a and b containing light-harvesting complex. In the mutants the light-harvesting complex has a chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b ratio of more than 1; the amount of the 672 nm chlorophyll a was normal, whereas the amount of chlorophyll b was markedly decreased in the mutants relative to the wild type. The Photosystem II beta spectrum mainly consisted of a band at 683 nm. PMID- 7213673 TI - The thermodynamic properties of some commonly used oxidation-reduction mediators, inhibitors and dyes, as determined by polarography. AB - The oxidation-reduction midpoint potentials (Em) of the following compounds have been measured in the range of pH from 3 to 12 by polarography: methyl viologen; benzyl viologen; 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; 2-hydroxy-1,4-anthraquinone; N,N,N',N',-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine; 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p phenylenediamine; phenazine; N-methylphenazonium methosulfate; N methylphenazonium sulfonate methosulfate; N-ethylphenazonium ethosulfate; pyocyanine; neutral red; safranin; phenol red; chlorophenol red; cresol red; bromocresol purple; 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropylbenzoquinone and 5-n-undecyl 6-hydroxy-4,7-dioxobenzothiazole. Many of these previously assumed to have a simple behavior in this range have proven to be rather more complicated, and several anomalous observations have been reconciled. PMID- 7213674 TI - The subunit structure of bovine heart mitochondrial transhydrogenase. AB - Reaction of purified bovine heart transhydrogenase with bifunctional cross linking reagents dimethyl adipimidate, dimethyl pimelimidate, dimethyl suberimidate, and dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) results in the appearance of a dimer band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels with no higher oligomers formed. Treatment of the enzyme with 6 M urea led to inactivation and prevented cross-linking by dimethyl suberimidate. Transhydrogenase reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine proteoliposomes also yielded a dimer band on cross linking. These data indicate that soluble and functionally reconstituted transhydrogenase possesses a dimeric structure. PMID- 7213676 TI - Investigation of double turnovers in photosystem II charge separation and oxygen evolution with excitation flashes of different duration. AB - The characteristics of double hitting in Photosystem II charge separation and oxygen evolution in algae and chloroplasts were investigated with saturating excitation flashes of 3 microseconds, 300 ns and 5 ns duration. Two types of double hitting or advancement in S-states were found to occur in oxygen evolution: a non-photochemical type found even with 5 ns flashes and a photochemical type seen only with microsecond-long flashes, which have extensive tails. The non-photochemical type, occurring with a probability of about 3%, is sensitive to the physiological condition of the sample, and is only present in algae or chloroplast samples that have been freshly prepared. In chloroplasts incubated with ferricyanide, a 3-fold increase in double advancement of S-states is observed with xenon-flash illumination but not with 300 ns or 5 ns laser illumination. However, double turnovers in Photosystem II reaction center charge separation are large with xenon flash or 300 ns laser illumination but not with 5 ns laser illumination. This indicates that quite different kinetic processes are involved in double advancement in S-states for oxygen evolution and double turnovers in charge separation. Various models of the Photosystem II reaction center are discussed. Also, based on experiments with chloroplasts incubated with ferricyanide, an unique solution to the oxygen S-state distribution in the dark suggested by Thibault (Thibault, P. (1978) C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 287, 725-728) can be rejected. PMID- 7213675 TI - Photosynthetic apparatus of chilling-sensitive plants. IX. The involvement of alpha-tocopherol in the electron transport chain and the anti-oxidizing system in chloroplasts of tomato leaves. AB - 1. The role of tocopherols in tomato chloroplasts from fresh, cold and dark stored as well as stored and illuminated leaves was studied. 2. The cold and dark storage of leaves results in a loss of chloroplast alpha- and gamma-tocopherols of about 30-40% accompanied by an increase in chloroplast delta-tocopherol of about 40%. On illumination of stored leaves, an elevation of alpha- and gamma tocopherol level to about 110 and 95% of the control, respectively, occurs, whilst delta-tocopherol content is not affected. 3. Experiments performed with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-treated chloroplasts show that only about 70% of total alpha-tocopherol is functionally active in the electron transport of Photosystem II between the diphenylcarbazide (DPC) donation site and the inhibition site of DBMIB. 4. A small amount of alpha-tocopherol quinone (about 10% of alpha-tocopherol content) is found in chloroplasts from fresh, fresh and illuminated as well as cold and dark-stored tomato leaves, whereas the illumination of the latter increases the chloroplast alpha-tocopherol quinone content 3-fold. Moreover, following the illumination of chloroplasts from cold and dark-stored as well as stored and illuminated leaves, the oxidation of exogenous alpha-tocopherol to alpha-tocopherol quinone is 2-fold faster then in chloroplasts from fresh leaves. 5. The primary product ('alpha-tocopheroxide') formed during the alpha-tocopherol oxidation by illuminated chloroplasts was identified as 8a-hydroxy-alpha-tocopheron. 6. Exogenous alpha-tocopherol inhibits the lipid photoperoxidation by about 40-50% in chloroplasts from all three kinds of tomato leaf. 7. The results seem to suggest that chloroplast alpha-tocopherol is involved in both electron transport of PS II and antioxidizing system of chloroplasts. PMID- 7213677 TI - Light-dependent quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in pea chloroplasts induced by adenosine 5'-triphosphate. AB - Addition of ATP to chloroplasts causes a reversible 25-30% decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence. This quenching is light-dependent, uncoupler insensitive but inhibited by DCMU and electron acceptors and has a half-time of 3 minutes. Electron donors to Photosystem I can not overcome the inhibitory effect of DCMU, suggesting that light activation depends on the reduced state of plastoquinone. Fluorescence emission spectra recorded at -196 degrees C indicate that ATP treatment increases the amount of excitation energy transferred to Photosystem I. Examination of fluorescence induction curves indicate that ATP treatment decreases both the initial (F0) and variable (Fv) fluorescence such that the ratio of Fv to the maximum (Fm) yield is unchanged. The initial sigmoidal phase of induction is slowed down by ATP treatment and is quenched 3 fold more than the exponential slow phase, the rate of which is unchanged. A plot of Fv against area above the induction curve was identical plus or minus ATP. Thus ATP treatment can alter quantal distribution between Photosystems II and I without altering Photosystem II-Photosystem II interaction. The effect of ATP strongly resembles in its properties the phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex by a light activated, ATP-dependent protein kinase found in chloroplast membranes and could be the basis of physiological mechanisms which contribute to slow fluorescence quenching in vivo and regulate excitation energy distribution between Photosystem I and II. It is suggested that the sensor for this regulation is the redox state of plastoquinone. PMID- 7213678 TI - Factors influencing hydroxylamine inactivation of photosynthetic water oxidation. AB - The kinetics of Mn release during NH2OH inactivation of the water oxidizing reaction is largely insensitive to the S-state present during addition of NH2OH. This appears to reflect reduction by NH2OH of higher S-states to a common more reduced state (S0 or S-1) which alone is susceptible to NH2OH inactivation. Sequences of saturating flashes with dark intervals in the range 0.2--5 S-1 effectively prevent NH2OH inactivation and the associated liberation of manganese. This light-induced protection disappears rapidly when the dark interval is longer than about 5 S. Under continuous illumination, protection against NH2OH inactivation is maximally effective at intensities in the range 10(3)--10(4) erg . cm-2 . S-1. This behavior differs from that of NH2OH-induced Mn release, which is strongly inhibited at all intensities greater than 10(3) erg . cm-2 . S-1. This indicates that two distinct processes are responsible for inactivation of water oxidation at high and low intensities. Higher S-states appear to be immune to the reaction by which NH2OH liberates manganese, although the overall process of water oxidation is inactivated by NH2OH in the presence of intense light. The light-induced protection phenomenon is abolished by 50 microM DCMU, but not by high concentrations of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, which accelerates inactivation reactions of the water-splitting enzyme, Y (an ADRY reagent). The latter compound accelerates both inactivation of water oxidation and manganese extraction in the dark. PMID- 7213679 TI - Biogenesis of endoplasmic reticulum phosphatidylcholine. Translocation of intermediates across the membrane bilayer during methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine. AB - Phosphatidylethanolamine of rat liver microsomes is rapidly methylated by S adenosyl[methyl-14C]methionine to produce phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Using phospholipase C as a probe, on both opened (0.4% taurocholate or French pressure cell treatment) and unopened microsomes, it is demonstrated that phosphatidylcholine is labelled in the inner leaflet of the bilayer and, to a greater extent, in the outer leaflet. Phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine is labelled in the outer leaflet and in a pool sequestered from phospholipase C in open and closed vesicles. Phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine is labelled in a similarly sequestered pool. When microsomes containing labelled phosphatidyl-N monomethylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine were incubated with unlabeled S-adenosylmethionine, these phospholipids were methylated to produce phosphatidylcholine in the outer leaflet. This metabolism was inhibited by S-adenosylhomocysteine. Trypsin treatment of unopened microsomes inhibited 95% of the incorporation of 14CH3 into the outer leaflet of the bilayer with no effect on incorporation into sequestered phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Therefore, sequestered phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N,N dimethylethanolamine are apparently synthesized by enzymes located at the inner surface of the microsomal membranes. These observations suggest that initial methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine takes place at the inner surface of the microsomes and that phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine is transferred to the outer leaflet to produce phosphatidylcholine. However, phosphatidyl-N monomethylethanolamine is also methylated at the inner leaflet to produce phosphatidylcholine which does not equilibrate with that of the outer leaflet. Phosphatidylcholine of both the inner and outer bilayer leaflets is uniformly labelled by injection of [14C]methionine, in vivo. PMID- 7213680 TI - Vitamin E changes the membrane fluidity of human platelets. AB - The in vitro addition of alpha-tocopherol to human platelets was evaluated by measuring fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene-labeled platelets and platelet membranes. The fluorescence anisotropy was decreased compared to non-vitamin E-loaded control platelets at temperatures less than 24- 27 degrees C but was increased above 27 degrees C. The curve relating temperature to this parameter remained monophasic in alpha-tocopherol-enriched platelets but exhibited a steeper slope, indicative of increased flow activation energy. The latter was linearly related to platelet alpha-tocopherol levels. A possible role of membrane proteins in the mechanism of this change was suggested by the increased anisotropy which liposomes prepared from platelet membrane lipids displayed when they were located with alpha-tocopherol. This modulation of 'apparent membrane microviscosity' by alpha-tocopherol may play a role in the normal effect of this vitamin on human cells. PMID- 7213681 TI - Ca2+-induced changes in the barrier properties of cardiolipin/phosphatidylcholine bilayers. AB - (1) A selective increase in permeability is induced in cardiolipin/phosphatidylcholine bilayers at Ca2+ concentrations of 1--3 mM. At higher concentrations of Ca2+ the permeability barrier is completely destroyed. (2) The selective increase in permeability is correlated with the formation of lipid particles visualized by freeze-fracture electron microscopy and an isotropic signal in 31P-NMR spectra. (3) Lowering the Ca2+ concentration shows reduction in permeability but the formation of the lipid particles is a non reversible process. (4) At higher Ca2+ concentrations, 31P-NMR spectra and freeze fracture results indicate the formation of the hexagonal phase, explaining the disappearance of the permeability barrier. PMID- 7213682 TI - Labelling of intestinal brush border membrane proteins in vivo using diazotised[125I]iodosulfanilic acid. AB - Membrane proteins of the intestinal brush border were labelled in vivo by intraluminal injection of diazotised [125I]iodosulfanilic acid, a highly polar molecule. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of brush border membranes labelled in this manner showed 20 protein bands, 11 of which contained significant radioactivity. The most heavily labelled proteins had molecular weights greater than 150000, indicating that they were the most exposed to the intestinal lumen. Little radioactivity was detected in proteins with molecular weights of less than 94000. The majority of these smaller proteins were likely to have been brush border core proteins. The evidence that diazotised [125I]iodosulfanilic acid bound primarily to brush border membrane proteins when administered in this way, was: (a) the specific activity of brush border proteins was up to 3-fold greater than that of total cell particulate proteins (pelleted by 27000 x g from mucosal homogenates); (b) principal peaks in the gel radioactivity profile of total cell particulate proteins corresponded to the most heavily labelled proteins of the isolated brush border membrane; and (c) brush border core proteins showed minimal radioactivity in vivo, but considerably higher radioactivity when brush border membranes were labelled in vitro. A small amount of label was absorbed across the intestinal mucosa. However, secondary labelling of brush border proteins by this absorbed label was minimal, since the specific activity of brush border proteins in jejunum adjacent to the labelled loop was only 0.22% of the level for those proteins in the labelled segment. Since this technique did not affect the cellular morphology, enzyme activity or biochemical integrity of the membrane, it should prove useful as a means of accurately studying in vivo turnover rates of brush border membrane proteins. PMID- 7213683 TI - The resealing process of lipid bilayers after reversible electrical breakdown. AB - The resealing process of lipid bilayer membranes after reversible electrical breakdown was investigated using two voltage pulses switched on together. Electrical breakdown of the membranes was induced with a voltage pulse of high intensity and short duration. The time course of the change in membrane conductance after the application of the high (short) voltage pulse was measured with a longer voltage pulse of low amplitude. The decrease in membrane conductance during the resealing process could be fitted to a single exponential curve with a time constant of 10--2 micros in the temperature range between 2 and 20 degrees C. The activation energy for this exponential decay process was found to be about 50 kJ/mol, which might indicate a diffusion process. Above 25 degrees C the resealing process is controlled by two exponential processes. The data obtained for the time course of the resealing process can be explained in terms of pore formation in the membrane in response to the high electrical field strength. A radius of about 4 nm is calculated for the initial pore size. From the assumed exponential change of the pore area with progressive resealing time a diffusion constant of 10(-8) cm2/s for lateral lipid diffusion can be estimated. PMID- 7213684 TI - Na+-driven Ca2+ transport in alkalophilic Bacillus. AB - Ca2+ transport was studied in membrane vesicles of alkalophilic Bacillus. When Na+-loaded membrane vesicles were suspended in KHCO3/KOH buffer (pH 10) containing Ca2+, rapid uptake of Ca2+ was observed. The apparent Km value for Ca2+ measured at pH 10 was about 7 microM, and the Km value shifted to 24 microM when measured at pH 7.4. The efflux of Ca2+ was studied with Ca2+-loaded vesicles. Ca2+ was released when Ca2+-loaded vesicles were suspended in medium containing 0.4 M Na+. Ca2+ was also transported in membrane vesicles driven by an artificial pH gradient and by a membrane potential generated by K+-valinomycin in the presence of Na+. These results indicate the presence of Ca2+/Na+ and H+/Na+ antiporters in the alkalophilic Bacillus A-007 PMID- 7213685 TI - Photodynamic alteration of cornea endothelium. Relation to bicarbonate fluxes and oxygen concentration. AB - Corneas were mounted in flux chambers and endothelial bicarbonate fluxes were determined following sensitization of endothelial cells with 5 . 10(-6) M rose bengal and exposure to light. Corneas exposed to light demonstrated an increased passive bicarbonate flux compared to corneas not photosensitized. Active bicarbonate flux was reduced after 5 min of light exposure, but not after 1 min of light exposure. The increase in passive bicarbonate flux was prevented by the addition of 200 microgram/ml catalase to the bathing solution; however, catalase had no effect on the photodynamic alteration of active flux. Neither 10 mM ascorbic acid nor 1.012 gram/l glutathione prevented the photodynamically induced increase in passive flux. Perfusion of corneas with 5 . 10(-6) M rose bengal dissolved in a sucrose-substituted Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution with a PO2 of 124 +/- 4.0 mmHg and exposed to light swelled at rates more rapid than corneas treated in a similar fashion but perfused with a solution with a PO2 of 20 +/- 4.6 mmHg. This study demonstrated that photodynamically induced corneal endothelial cell alteration results in increased passive bicarbonate flux, a time dependent decrease in active bicarbonate flux, is oxygen dependent, and is at least in part secondary to H2O2 produced by the dismutation reaction of the superoxide free radical. PMID- 7213686 TI - Cholesterol rotation in phospholipid vesicles as observed by 13C-NMR. AB - 13C-NMR spectra of cholesterol 90% enriched at C-4 with 13C have been obtained in CHCl3 and in sonicated egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles. 13C spin-lattice relaxation times, nuclear Overhauser effects and spin-spin relaxation times have been measured for the C-4 carbon of cholesterol in phosphatidylcholine bilayers as a function of cholesterol content and temperature. All the data are consistent with a correlation time for axial rotation of about 10(-10) s. This rotation is one or two orders of magnitude faster than axial rotation of the phospholipid molecule. PMID- 7213687 TI - Isopycnic-zonal centrifugation of plasma membrane, sarcoplasmic reticular fragments, lysosomes, and cytoplasmic proteins from phasic skeletal muscle. AB - Homogenates of the posterior latissimus dorsi muscle, a phasic muscle, were fractionated by a one-step zonal centrifugation technique into four major organelle populations and cytoplasmic constituents. These were: (1) Plasma membrane fragments with a modal equilibrium density of 1.10 and containing 5' nucleotidase, alkaline phosphodiesterase, p-nitrophenylphosphatase and acid phosphatase (beta-glycerophosphate was used as the substrate). (2) Sarcoplasmic reticular fragments which could be further subdivided into calcium transport vesicles, with a model equilibrium density of 1.16, that exhibited calcium uptake; K+-ATPase; leucyl-bet-naphthylamidase; acid phosphodiesterase; acid phosphatase (using cytidine monophosphate as the substrate); and sarcoplasmic reticular lysosomes, with a model equilibrium density of 1.18, possessing dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase II, cathepsin D, alpha-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase, and NADH oxidase activity. (3) Mitochondria with a modal equilibrium density of 1.21. (4) Catalase-containing vesicles with a modal equilibrium density of 1.22; and cytoplasmic constituents (modal density of 1.25) with phosphorylase, pyruvate kinase, myosin-ATPase, aldolase, and protein and RNA content. The purity of these organelles was equal to or better than previous efforts, with a 30-fold purification achieved for 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphodiesterase. These results lend support to the hypothesis that the sarcoplasmic reticulum of phasic muscle, in addition to its specialized role in excitation-contraction coupling, represents a multifunctional membrane system, and that, similar to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of other cells, it includes some membrane-bound lysosomal enzymes and NADH oxidase. PMID- 7213689 TI - Correlation between the regeneration of cell surface glycoproteins and the cell re-adhesion to the substratum in trypsin-treated chick fibroblasts at various stages of embryo development. AB - The ability of fibroblasts from 8- to 16-day-old chick embryos to adhere to a substratum was altered by trypsin treatment. The consequences of this treatment were investigated on cell re-adhesion to the substratum and cell morphology in relation to the regeneration of cell surface glycoproteins as estimated by the incorporation of [3H]leucine and [14C]glucosamine. Cell re-adhesion, cell shape and restoration of cell surface glycoproteins of the fibroblasts from chick embryos were markedly alike for each stage of embryo development. Age-dependent differences were noted. The fibroblasts from 8-day-old embryos re-adhered progressively more rapidly than fibroblasts from 16-day-old embryos. The fibroblast morphology appeared to be dependent on the re-adhesion of cells to the substratum. Parallel to the re-adhesion, the cell surface glycoprotein recovery reached at least 90% in fibroblasts from 8-day-old embryos and only about 70% in fibroblasts from 16-day-old embryos after a 4 h culture as compared to the control cultures. These percentages coincided with 73% (fibroblasts from 8-day old embryos) and 40% (fibroblasts from 16-day-old embryos) adhesion recovery. The results are discussed in terms of a possible mechanism for cell surface recovery. PMID- 7213688 TI - Binding of unconjugated and conjugated sulfobromophthalein to rat liver plasma membrane fractions in vitro. AB - As part of a study of the mechanism whereby organic anionic dyes such as sulfobromophthalein and bilirubin enter hepatocytes, the binding of [35S]sulfobromophthalein and of its glutathione conjugate to two rat liver plasma membrane fractions were studied in vitro. Both fractions reversibly and saturably bound conjugated and unconjugated sulfobromophthalein. Three classes of binding site were necessary to account for the observed sulfobromophthalein binding, their maximal binding capacities being 3.5 . 10(-11), 1.6 . 10(-7) and 5.4 . 10( 7) mol/mg membrane protein. The corresponding association constants were 5.5 . 10(7), 1.5 . 10(5) and 1.3 . 10(3) M-1. Binding of the glutathione conjugate could be accounted for by two classes of binding site only, their association constants being 2.0 . 10(8) and 1.9 . 10(3) M-1 and their maximal binding capacities 5.0 . 10(-11) and 2.2 . 10(-7) mol/mg protein, respectively. Conjugated and unconjugated sulfobromophthalein mutually competed for binding, KI being 7.8 . 10(-7) and 5.5 . 10(-5) M for conjugated and unconjugated sulfobromophthalein, respectively. Similarly, bilirubin and indocyanine green, but not taurocholate, competitively inhibited sulfobromophthalein binding. Treatment with trypsin and phospholipases reduced, while treatment with neuraminidase did not affect binding. Neither changes in pH nor substitution of other cations for Na+ in the incubation mixture significantly affected sulfobromophthalein binding. Heating the membranes increased binding. This was due to an increase in maximal binding capacity of the low-affinity, high-capacity sites. The description of saturable binding sites on hepatocellular surface membranes, the affinity of one of the sites exceeding the reported affinities for albumin and ligandin, supports the hypothesis that a membrane-located membrane carrier is responsible for hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of organic anionic dyes. Based on the studies with enzyme treatments, it is speculated that this carrier is a phospholipid-dependent, integral membrane protein. PMID- 7213690 TI - Interaction of liposomes with homologous series of fluorescent berberine derivatives. New cationic probes for measuring membrane potential. AB - The interaction of liposomes with a series of fluorescent berberine derivatives having different alkyl chain lengths has been investigated. The hydrophobicity of the binding site on the phospholipid membrane increases and mobility decreases with the length of the alkyl chain. If lauryl sulphate micelles are used to bind berberines, the hydrophobicity of the binding site is the same for all derivatives. The dye series represents a model with constant charge and growing lipophilicity. Both electrostatic forces and lipophilicity play an important role in binding. By virtue of the excellent sensitivity of the dyes to medium polarity, berberines prove to be suitable probes for measuring membrane potential, but only in cases when a negative charge is generated in the liposomal interior. The fluorescent response is a linear function of the potential magnitude. PMID- 7213691 TI - Interaction of human red cell membrane acetylcholinesterase with phospholipids. AB - Liposomes of phospholipids fully sustain the enzyme activity of the amphiphile dependent dimers of human erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase; no head group specificity exists. Diacylglycerides, glycerophosphorylcholine, or free fatty acids do not sustain the catalytic activity. It could be shown that the dimeric acetylcholinesterase with an exposed hydrophobic region can penetrate the lipid bilayer of liposomes and thus becomes stabilized by the surrounding phospholipid molecules. PMID- 7213692 TI - Simultaneous net accumulation of both K+ and Na+ by lymphocytes at 0 degrees C. AB - Human lymphocytes at 0 degrees C in low Na+ medium accumulate both K+ and Na+ to levels higher than in the external medium. This is not due to an impermeable compartment or a Donnan equilibrium, and is incompatible with the membrane Na+ pump concept. In contrast, it supports prior evidence that ion exchange in lymphocytes is mediated by adsorption onto and desorption from fixed anionic sites within the cell. Additional aspects of ion and water contents of cells in low Na+ medium are described and are explained by this concept. PMID- 7213694 TI - The role of nonbilayer lipid structures in the fusion of human erythrocytes induced by lipid fusogens. AB - (1) A comparative study of the polymorphic phase behaviour of reconstituted erythrocyte phospholipase with 'fusogens' and chemically related 'non-fusogens' using 31P-NMR techniques has been made. We demonstrate that only fusogens can induce a conformational change in the membrane lipids from the bilayer of the hexagonal (HII) phase. (2) The tendency of erythrocyte (ghost) membranes to adopt nonbilayer structures is correlated with the extent of fusion in erythrocytes at various membrane concentrations of glycerol monooleate. Above a certain critical membrane concentration of glycerol monooleate, there is an increase in the tendency of ghost membranes to adopt the HII phase, which is paralleled by a marked increase in fusion processes in the intact erythrocytes. (3) These observations are consistent with a common mechanism of action for fusogenic lipids whereby inverted lipid structures such as long cylinders (HII configuration) or inverted micelles are induced, which serve as intermediates in the fusion event. PMID- 7213693 TI - Membrane fluidity and bile salt damage. AB - The lysis, by bile salts, of membranes of different fluidities was studied; it was shown that membranes of low fluidity were less readily lysed than membranes of higher fluidity. Membrane fluidity levels were controlled (i) by the use of erythrocytes, from different species, systematically differing in their lipid composition; (ii) by using each membrane at a range of temperatures; and (iii) by incorporating into the membranes the fluidizing agent, benzyl alcohol, at a range of concentrations. Membrane fluidity (and order) in each case was monitored by measuring the degree of polarization of fluorescence from the hydrophobic probe molecule, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. The response of lytic behaviour to modulations of membrane fluidity also indicated a difference between the bile salts, glycodeoxycholate and glycocholate; the former initiates lysis close to (at or below) its critical micellar concentrations whereas the latter only causes lysis above, and often substantially above, its critical micellar concentration. In their respective ranges of lytic concentrations, both bile salts are far less effective with membranes of low fluidity. The results are discussed with regard to the features of a membrane which would be expected to be resistant to high concentrations of bile salts in vivo, i.e., the plasma membranes of the bile canaliculus and lumenal surface of biliary tract cells. PMID- 7213696 TI - Human spectrin. VI. A viscometric study. AB - Employing viscometry, human spectrin heterodimers and heterotetramers were analyzed in aqueous solution containing different amounts of salt. (1) In aqueous 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7.5, at 4 degrees C, the intrinsic viscosity of isolated human spectrin heterodimers and heterotetramers was found to be 40 +/- 6 and 79 +/- 7 ml/g, respectively. (2) The intrinsic viscosity of isolated human spectrin heterodimers and heterotetramers increased to 78 +/- 8 and 180 +/- 10 ml/g, respectively, as the ionic strength of the solution was reduced to about 2 mM. (3) This viscometric study indicates that isolated human spectrin heterodimers and heterotetramers are flexible molecules with a contour length of at least 110 and 200 nm, respectively. PMID- 7213695 TI - Linear dichroism of bimolecular chlorophyll-lipid membranes. The role of anisotropy and dispersion. AB - Polarised absorption and reflection spectra of chlorophyll-containing bimolecular lipid membranes were obtained in the spectral range of 590--710 nm. The spectra were analysed using the formalism of the complex dielectric tensor which characterizes the optical anisotropy of the membrane and the light absorption therein. The maxima of the absorption spectra recorded at a 45 degree angle of incidence are located at 665 and 670 nm for light in which the electric vector is oriented parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the plane of incidence. The analysis of these spectra shows that the spectral shift is wholly due to the dispersion of the real part of the dielectric tensor. The angle between the dipole transition moment in the red and the normal to the membrane was estimated to be 42.3--45.3 degrees. On the basis of these results, a model absorption spectrum, simulating the dichroic properties of oriented chloroplasts, was calculated for a system of parallel membranes. Some of the possible artifacts introduced into the dichroic spectra of chloroplasts due to anisotropy and dispersion are discussed. PMID- 7213698 TI - Isolation and characterization of mosquito cell membrane glycoproteins. AB - Plasma membranes have been purified from an established cell line, Mos 20A of Aedes aegypti, and analysed for glycoprotein and polypeptide constituents by isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A major glycoprotein of molecular weight 110 000 carrying binding sites for concanavalin A and soybean agglutinin has been purified to homogeneity. Although located on the cell surface, the 110 kdalton glycoprotein is not labelled by lactoperoxidase-catalysed radioactive iodination of whole cells. Analysis indicated the presence of N-glycans, containing on average nine mannose residues, and the N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta 1, 4-N-acetylglucosamine sequence. In addition, O-glycosidically linked N-acetylgalactosamine residues are present. PMID- 7213697 TI - Interaction of cholesterol with photoactivable phospholipids in sonicated vesicles. AB - Photoactivable phospholipids containing either alpha-diazo-beta trifluoropropionyloxy or m-diazirinophenoxyl groups in the omega-positions of sn 2 fatty acyl chains were synthesized and incorporated into sonicated vesicles containing 33 mol% of cholesterol. Photolysis of the vesicles at 350 nm produced covalent cross-links between the synthetic phospholipids and cholesterol. The cross-linked products obtained using [14C]cholesterol were characterized by their chromatographic behavior, cleavage on phospholipase A2 treatment, base-catalyzed transesterification and mass spectral measurements. The cross-linking was shown not to involve the 3-beta-hydroxyl group of cholesterol, and it was concluded that the reactive carbene intermediates formed from the photolabels inserted into the hydrocarbon skeleton of cholesterol in the bilayer. The extent of cross linking obtained was comparable to that observed previously using phospholipids alone, indicating that no lateral phase separation occurred. The present approach is promising for further precise studies of the molecular interactions between cholesterol and phospholipids in biological membranes. PMID- 7213699 TI - Steps in the biosynthesis of mosquito cell membrane glycoproteins and the effects of tunicamycin. AB - A cultured cell line of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is sensitive to tunicamycin as expected from the ability of crude membrane preparations to catalyse the formation of N-acetylglucosamine-linked dolichyl pyrophosphate. Formation of dolichylphosphomannose was also detected and this reaction was totally insensitive to tunicamycin. Incorporation of radioactive mannose into total acid precipitable glycoproteins was inhibited greater than 90% in whole cells by tunicamycin, while the incorporation of leucine and glucosamine was less affected. Separation of the radioactive hexosamines from acid hydrolysates of cells incubated with [14C]glucosamine and tunicamycin showed predominant labelling of galactosamine, whereas in control cells not treated with the drug both glucosamine and galactosamine were labelled equally. Evidently, mosquito cells synthesise N-glycosidically linked carbohydrate chains assembled through tunicamycin-sensitive steps involving dolichyl pyrophospho-oligosaccharides, and O-glycosidically linked chains rich in N-acetylgalactosamine, the assembly of which is unaffected by tunicamycin. These results support structural evidence (Butters, T.D. and Hughes, R.C. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 640, 655-671) for the presence of high mannose N-glycans and N-acetylgalactosamine-rich O-glycans in mosquito cell glycoproteins. The absence of complex N-glycans was confirmed by the demonstration of negligible activities of N-acetylglucosaminyl-, galactosyl- and sialyltransferases responsible for assembly of the terminal sequences of N glycans of mature mammalian glycoproteins. PMID- 7213700 TI - Zinc uptake by isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Isolated rat hepatocytes were used to investigate the uptake of zinc of early exposure times. Hepatocytes were incubated with 65Zn (1--500 microM) and samples were withdrawn at times ranging from 25 s to 60 min. A biphasic pattern of uptake was observed with a rapid first phase of uptake followed by a slower second phase. The relationship between velocity of uptake and substrate concentration for the first phase was nonlinear, while that of the second phase was linear. The presence of 10 microM cadmium produced a decrease in the velocity of uptake of only the first phase. This suggests that the first phase is at least partly carrier mediated, while there is no indication of involvement of a carrier in the second phase. KCN (1 mM) and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (2 microM), did not cause any change in the uptake of 65Zn (1 microM), which suggests that there is no active component in the uptake of zinc. PMID- 7213701 TI - Temperature adaptation of biological membranes. The effects of acclimation temperature on the unsaturation of the main neutral and charged phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). AB - The phospholipid composition, fatty acid pattern and cholesterol content are studied in mitochondria of red lateral muscle of carp acclimated to high and low environmental temperatures. The results of the experiments are: mitochondria from cold-acclimated carp contain higher proportions of ethanolamine phosphatides than mitochondria from warm-acclimated fish, the opposite is true for the choline phosphatides. Thus, at constant pH, the membrane phospholipids are slightly more negatively charged at low acclimation temperature. The total plasmalogen content is reduced in the cold; this reduction is caused by a decrease in the proportion of the choline plasmalogens. The ethanolamine phosphoglycerides contain approx. 20% of the alk-1-enyl acyl type, irrespective of the acclimation temperature. There is no temperature-dependent difference in the low proportion of cholesterol. The fatty acids of total mitochondrial phospholipids are characterized by large amounts of the n-3 and n-6 families. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and the unsaturation index are remarkably higher than those reported for comparable mammalian phospholipids. Cold acclimation of carp does not significantly increase the unsaturation of total phospholipids. A fatty acid analysis of the main isolated phospholipids, however, shows that cold acclimation considerably increases unsaturation of the neutral phosphatidylcholine, whereas it dramatically decreases unsaturation of the negatively charged cardiolipin. It is suggested that the observed fatty acid substitution in phosphatidylcholine indicates a temperature-induced fluidity adaptation within the mitochondrial lipid bilayer, whereas the inverse acclimation pattern of cardiolipin provides a suitable lipid to accommodate the temperature-dependent modifications in the dynamic surface shape of integral membrane proteins. PMID- 7213702 TI - Relationship between the hemolytic action of heavy metals and lipid peroxidation. AB - It is well known that some of the heavy metals have a hemolytic action, but the mechanisms responsible for this effect are not well established. In order to elucidate whether or not the hemolytic action of heavy metal ions is associated with the peroxidation of membrane lipids, the relationship between metal-induced hemolysis and the generation of malonaldehyde has been studied. The results obtained show that the metal-induced hemolysis is associated with the development of peroxidative processes in erythrocyte membranes. The peroxidation is caused by metals with and without pro-oxidant catalytic action. The level of the malonaldehyde products rises before the appearance of hemolysis which proves that the development of peroxidative processes precedes but does not result from hemolysis. The suggestion has been made that the peroxidation of membrane lipids is a possible mechanism of damage to the red cell membrane in metal-induced hemolysis. PMID- 7213705 TI - Lectins as biochemical agents for the isolation of sealed membrane vesicles of defined polarity. AB - The asymmetric distribution of carbohydrate on biological membranes has provided the basis for the development of lectin-affinity methodology which permits the isolation of sealed, inside-out membrane fractions from heterogeneous populations of vesicles. Optimal conditions for these separations have been assessed employing purified right-side-out and inside-out vesicles derived from the plasma membrane of human erythrocytes as a model system. In this special case, homogeneous populations of defined polarity can be produced by varying the ionic conditions during formation of the vesicles. Surface-specific enzymic markers exist also for monitoring the integrity and orientation of a given population. Multivalent lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin and soya bean agglutinin which induce direct agglutination of erythrocyte membrane fragments containing accessible carbohydrate residues, selectively remove more than 90% of right-side out and non-sealed membrane from a mixed population, a reaction which is inhibited by GluNAc or GalNAc, respectively. Non-agglutinating lectins, e.g. concanavalin A, immobilized on an inert matrix such as Sepharose 4B, may be employed to adsorb out specifically vesicles with exposed glycopeptides on their surface. In this technique, it is necessary normally to remove the non-sealed membranes on Dextran density gradients prior to the final preparation of inside out vesicles on Con A-Sepharose. Finally, selective immunoprecipitation of fragments with accessible sugars may also be achieved after treatment with a non agglutinating lectin (concanavalin A) followed by incubation with anti concanavalin A IgG which promotes rapid aggregation of membrane containing exposed receptors for the lectin. These procedures should prove generally suitable for the isolation of tightly-sealed, inside-out membrane populations in a variety of biological systems. Pure populations of vesicles, exhibiting reversed polarity, are valuable in surface-labelling studies for investigating the structure, function and transmembrane distribution of integral membrane proteins/glycoproteins. PMID- 7213706 TI - Ultrastructure of hemoglobin-depleted human erythrocyte resealed ghosts. AB - Both negative-stain and freeze-fracture electron microscopic techniques revealed that the ultrastructure of resealed white ghosts prepared at high dilution during the hemolysis step is very different from that of resealed ghosts prepared at low or moderate dilution (pink ghosts). The negative-stained resealed white ghosts showed light halo substructures on membrane surfaces and protrusions at the edge of the ghosts. Freeze-fracturing of these ghosts showed that membrane blebbing had occurred and that fragments of the membranes resealed to form small right side-out vesicles ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 micrometer in diameter. PMID- 7213704 TI - Na+-dependent transport of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates by renal brush border membranes. Effects on fluorescence of a potential-sensitive cyanine dye. AB - The effect of the transport of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates on the membrane potential of renal brush border vesicles was studied using fluorescence of the cyanine dye, 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide. The behavior of the dye in the preparation was established with valinomycin-induced K+-diffusion potentials; increases in fluorescence were associated with depolarizing conditions. Addition of 1 mm succinate or citrate to membrane/dye suspensions produced transient increases in fluorescence, indicative of a depolarizing event(s) associated with the transport of these substrates. The transient response in fluorescence was Na+ dependent, of greater magnitude under Na+ gradient as compared to Na+-equilibrium conditions, and was a saturable function of substrate concentration. The specificity of the fluorescence response was identical to that obtained from studies of the competitive inhibition of succinate transport by tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and analogs We conclude that the major tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates are transported via a common Na+-dependent transport system in renal brush border membranes. PMID- 7213703 TI - Dynamic changes of red cell membrane thiol groups followed by bimane fluorescent labeling. AB - Monobromobimane labels red cell membrane protein thiol groups; bands exhibit fluorescence after sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis and correspond to almost all of those staining with Coomassie blue. The response of membrane protein thiol groups to oxidative challenge and the dynamics of recovery of the thiol groups may be followed. Diminished labeling is found after oxidation with diamide, with both intrachain and interchain disulfide bond formation demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Regeneration of thiol groups under physiological conditions (incubation with glucose) after a moderate degree of diamide oxidation is shown to be complete (with respect to thiol group content and degree and distribution of bimane label) in normal human red blood cell membranes. Even after oxidation of almost half of the membrane protein thio groups (maximum degree of oxidation achieved), regeneration of thiol groups is almost complete; a minor fraction resides in the form of disulfide-linked high molecular weight proteins (demonstrated by the electrophoretic profile) which may be reduced completely with dithiothreitol. Bimane fluorescent labeling provides a convenient and sensitive method for following membrane thiol group status under physiological conditions. PMID- 7213707 TI - Structural requirements of sterols for myelin tube formation with sodium oleate. AB - Cholesterol crystals treated with an aqueous solution of sodium oleate give rise to cylindrical lamellar associations which appear under the microscope as rapidly growing tubes. Myelin forms are also obtained with other membrane sterols (desmosterol, cholestanol, 7-dehydrocholesterol) but not with lanosterol, a metabolic precursor of cholesterol, nor with the catabolic products of cholesterol (coprosterol, cholecalciferol, pregnenolone). The structural requirements for obtaining myelin tubes from sterols and sodium oleate closely agree with the results obtained by studying sterol-lecithin associations using other experimental techniques (unimolecular films at the air/water interface and permeability of liposomes), association of sterols with an erythrocyte protein and cholesterol liquid crystals. PMID- 7213708 TI - Renal transtubular transport of mercapturic acid in vivo. AB - When S-benzyl-N-acetyl-L-[U-14C]cysteine, a mercapturic acid, was administered to rats intravenously, the plasma level of radioactivity decreased very rapidly with a concomitant increase in the renal level of radioactivity. The renal radioactivity reached its maximum within 2 min and then decreased rapidly with concomitant appearance of the radioactive mercapturic acid in the urine. Bilateral ligation of the ureters resulted in only a slight decrease in the rate of disappearance of mercapturic acid from the plasma, while bilateral nephrectomy caused a marked retardation of its clearance from the plasma. Intravenous administration of probenecid, a well known inhibitor of a renal transtubular transport system for organic acids, caused a significant retardation of mercapturate clearance from the plasma in both of the control and ureter-ligated animals. The renal accumulation of this mercapturic acid as well as its excretion into urine was inhibited by probenecid. All these data suggested that a mercapturic acid in the plasma was preferentially taken up by renal tubule cells from the basolateral side of plasma membranes via the probenecid-sensitive transtubular transport system and then excreted rapidly into the lumenal space. This transtubular transport of a mercapturic acid seems to constitute an important process in the hepato-renal cooperation in the mercapturic acid biosynthesis in vivo. PMID- 7213709 TI - Aggregation of intramembrane particles in erythrocyte membranes treated with diamide. AB - Treatment of erythrocytes with diamide (diazene dicarboxylic acid bis-(N,N dimethylamide)) results in oxidation of sulfhydryl groups of the membrane, and cross-linking of membrane proteins into high molecular weight complexes. Concomitant freeze-etching studies show aggregation of intramembrane particles on the protoplasmic fracture face of erythrocyte ghost membranes treated with the oxidant. Furthermore, after a 3 h incubation of erythrocytes with 10 mM diamide at 37 degrees C, cellular energy levels declined to about 70% of control values. The data suggest that disulfide cross-linking of the major membrane proteins releases the apparent physical occlusion of the band 3 proteins within the interstices of the cytoskeletal shell. This results in the translational mobility of band 3 proteins which is reflected ultra-structurally in the freeze-etch images. PMID- 7213711 TI - Fusion of Avena sativa mesophyll cell protoplasts by electrical breakdown. AB - Studies with the light microscope were carried out on mesophyll cell protoplasts of Avena sativa which had been made to undergo fusion by reversible electrical breakdown of the cell membrane. In order to establish close membrane contact between the cells, an important prerequisite for fusion, a method known as dielectrophoresis was used. In an inhomogeneous alternating electrical field the protoplasts adhere to the electrodes and to each other in the direction of the field lines. The cells which were thus brought into close contact with each other could be made to fuse by the application of a field pulse of high amplitude (about 750 V/cm) and short duration (20-50 mus). The field strength required for fusion exceeds the value necessary for the electrical breakdown of the cell membrane. Fusion took place within some minutes and led to a high yield of fused protoplasts. The fusion of cells being in the electric field occurred in a synchronous manner. In some of the fusion experiments part of the protoplasts of A. sativa were stained with neutral red. When these cells were fused with unstained protoplasts, the vacuoles from the different cells within the fused aggregate could be shown to remain separate for quite some time. PMID- 7213710 TI - Some properties of a new electrogenic transport system: the ammonium (methylammonium) carrier from Clostridium pasteurianum. AB - Clostridium pasteurianum is able to build up about 100-fold gradients of methylammonium across the cell membrane. Methylammonium enters the cell by means of a carrier as shown by the energy requirement, saturation kinetics and a pH profile with a narrow maximum between pH 6.2 and 6.8. The methyl ammonium transport (apparent Km = 150 microM, V = 100 mumol/min per g dry weight) is competitively inhibited by ammonium (apparent Ki = 9 microM). The low Ki value and the observation that methylammonium cannot serve as a carbon or nitrogen source for Cl. pasteurianum strongly indicate that ammonium rather than methylammonium is the natural substrate. Uncouplers and inhibitors of energy metabolism or of the membrane-bound ATPase inhibit transport. Cl. pasteurianum maintains a membrane potential (interior negative) in the range 80-130 mV. This membrane potential was identified as the energy source: the same agents that block transport also decrease the membrane potential, and artificial generation of a membrane potential (by addition of valinomycin to K+-loaded cells) induces concentrative uptake of methylammonium. Thus NH4+ (or CH3NH3+) must be the transported species. Digestion of the cell wall by lysozyme does not abolish the transport activity. PMID- 7213712 TI - Terbium binding to axonal membrane vesicles from lobster (Homarus americanus) peripheral nerve. A probe of calcium binding sites. AB - Tb3+, a fluorescent trivalent cation with physicochemical properties similar to Ca2+, binds to peripheral nerve membrane vesicles prepared from the walking leg nerve bundle of the lobster (Homarus americanus). Saturable binding is measured for at least two classes of binding site. Bound Tb3+ can be displaced by other cations in the order: Ca2+ greater than Mg2+ = Zn2+ greater than NH4+. The binding of Tb3+ to the lower affinity site (KD(app) = 6.0 microM) is inhibitable by Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, whereas the higher affinity site (KD(app) = 2.2 microM) is only sensitive to Ca2+. Using this spectral probe the role of Ca2+ in peripheral nerve membrane function can be investigated. PMID- 7213713 TI - Two different types of electrogenic amino acid action on pancreatic acinar cells. AB - The electrogenic action of the basic amino acid, L-arginine, has been compared with the action of the neutral amino acids, L-alanine and glycine, in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. All three amino acids cause membrane depolarization, but while the reversal potential for the action of the neutral amino acids is close to the calculated value of the Na equilibrium potential (+30 mV) the reversal potential for the L-arginine effects is +7 mV. The neutral amino acids exhibit mutual inhibition, but L-arginine did not inhibit the L-alanine- or glycine evoked depolarization nor did the neutral amino acids inhibit the action of L arginine. While L-alanine markedly depressed acetylcholine-evoked depolarization, L-arginine had no such effect. It is concluded that there are at least two quite different types of electrogenic amino acid action in pancreatic acinar cells. PMID- 7213714 TI - Selective interaction of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase with intracellular membranes. AB - We are investigating the properties of pre-existing membrane structures that may contribute to localization of newly formed polypeptides on target membranes. To this end, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30) was purified from inner membranes of rat liver mitochondria and interacted with three different cellular membranes, as well as with liposomes prepared from membrane lipid extracts. (1) The purified lipid-free enzyme displayed little catalytic activity. Its activity was restored by interaction with rat liver mitochondrial inner membranes or microsomal membranes, but not with rat erythrocyte plasma membrane vesicles. (2) Plasma membranes from which membrane proteins had been partially removed did not reactivate the enzyme, but microsomal membranes treated in a similar manner displayed an increased efficiency of reactivation. (3) The selective reactivation found in the three membrane species was confirmed in liposomes prepared with total lipid extracts of the native membranes. The results suggest that the interaction of exogeneously added enzyme with the membranes is primarily dependent on lipid components or some specific lipid environment on the acceptor membranes. PMID- 7213715 TI - Lipid-dependent interaction of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase with cellular membranes. AB - A mechanism of selective localization of membrane-bound enzymes was examined by studying the interaction between D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30) and native cellular membranes in which the lipid components were altered. (1) The catalytic activity of the purified lipid-free enzyme could be restored by the re-interaction with microsomal and mitochondrial membranes, whereas with erythrocyte membranes or liposomes from lipids of erythrocyte membranes this activity could not be restored (Miyahara, M., Utsumi, K. and Deamer, D.W. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 641, 222-231). In the erythrocyte lipid components, only lysophosphatidylcholine markedly inhibited the enzyme reactivation. (2) The inhibitory effect of lysophosphatidylcholine was confirmed in microsomes in which the lysophosphatidylcholine contents had been increased, by phospholipase A2 treatment, to the levels in erythrocyte membranes. (3) Selective digestion by phospholipase C of phosphatidylcholine in the microsomes was accompanied by a lowering of the level of reactivation in the membranes. (4) The presence of lipophilic alkyl compounds such as cetylamine and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, which contain the ammonium group, in the membranes also inhibited the enzyme reactivation. However, negatively charged and neutral alkyl compounds were less suppressive. The results above suggested that the interaction of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase with native cellular membranes is dependent on the amounts of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine exposed on the membrane surface. It was also suggested that the presence of the ammonium group of non-diacyl compounds is unfavorable for the effective interaction of the enzyme. PMID- 7213716 TI - The size of erythrocyte ghosts. AB - The volume of resealed erythrocyte ghosts formed during hypotonic hemolysis of normal human erythrocytes was measured by means of a continuous mean corpuscular volume analyzer. The final volume of resealed ghosts was 140.6 +/- 15.2 fl. Strong correlations exist between the volume of ghosts and the initial mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin of the erythrocyte, and between the enlargement ratio and the mean corpuscular volume or mean corpuscular hemoglobin of the erythrocyte. PMID- 7213717 TI - Location and effect of procaine on lecithin/cholesterol membranes using X-ray diffraction methods. AB - X-ray diffraction studies were made on lecithin/cholesterol multilayers with very high water content and containing the local anaesthetic procaine. Narrow-angle diffraction experiments show that the procaine molecules are located with the uncharged aromatic amine group approx. 10 A from the centre of the bilayer. The polar tertiary amine group of these molecules is almost certainly located in the polar head-group region of the membrane. Wide-angle diffraction experiments show that the incorporation of procaine molecules into such lipid membranes produces an approx. 30% increase in the spread of acyl chain separation, although the average spacing between the chains is slightly reduced. PMID- 7213718 TI - The effect of diphtheria toxin on the cellular uptake and efflux of L-carnitine. Evidence for a protective effect of prednisolone. AB - Diphtheria toxin added to the incubation medium reduced the rate of uptake and increased the efflux of L-[3H]carnitine in an established cell line from human heart (CCL 27, Girardi human heart cells). This resulted in a decrease in the level of intracellular carnitine to about 55% of control after exposure to 10(-8) mol/l diphtheria toxin for 24 h. As expected, a decrease in protein synthesis was found to be caused by the toxin, and this inhibition seemed to a large extent to antedate the alterations in the transport processes. Measurement of the kinetic parameters for the mechanism of uptake of L-[3H]carnitine revealed a reduction in V with unaltered Km after exposure to the toxin. We therefore suggest that diphtheria toxin imposes its effect on carnitine transport by inhibiting the synthesis of carriers. Prednisolone in the medium along with the toxin opposed its effect both on the uptake and efflux mechanism, but not on the inhibition of protein synthesis. Still, the decline in the intracellular level of carnitine was prevented by the corticoid hormone. Such a decline, accompanied by accumulation of triacyglycerols, occurs during the course of a diphtheric myocarditis. It is possible that prednisolone, by counteracting the effects of diphtheria toxin on the carnitine transport processes, could be beneficial in the treatment of this condition. PMID- 7213719 TI - Effect of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine on intact erythrocytes. Release of spectrin-free vesicles without ATP depletion. AB - Incubation of human erythrocytes with suspensions of sonicated dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine resulted in dramatic morphological changes of the cells and release of membrane vesicles. The shedding of membrane vesicles was not preceded by ATP depletion and only occurred at temperatures of incubation that were above the phase transition temperature of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. Membrane vesicles were separated from intact erythrocytes and exogenous dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine by a series of centrifugation steps. The lipid composition of the membrane vesicles was similar to that of the native erythrocyte, and the predominant membrane proteins were band 3, glycophorin and acetylcholinesterase. Spectrin was not detected. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy showed vesicles (150 nm in diameter) with protein particles embedded in the lipid bilayer. PMID- 7213721 TI - Electrostatic interactions at charged lipid membranes. Kinetics of the electrostatically triggered phase transition. AB - Charged lipid membranes of dimyristoylmethylphosphatidic acid were mixed rapidly in a stopped-flow cell with protons or Ca2+ to compensate the charges and thereby trigger the ordered-fluid phase transition. The kinetics of the transition was studied by following the time development of the fluorescence anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene. A relaxation process was observed with a characteristic time in the range 10-200 ms. By comparison with existing theories of non-equilibrium relaxation it was concluded that the relaxation process is governed by a nucleation step. PMID- 7213720 TI - Localization of prenylquinones in the envelope of spinach chloroplasts. AB - The isolated and purified chloroplast envelope of spinach leaves contains, besides carotenoids, several prenylquinones as basic constituents: plastoquinone 9, phylloquinone K1, alpha-tocoquinone and the chromanol, alpha-tocopherol. The relative quinone and carotenoid composition of the envelope differs distinctively from that of the thylakoid membranes. The possible role of prenylquinones in metabolic envelope activities and the mediator function of the envelope in prenylquinone biosynthesis are discussed. PMID- 7213722 TI - Hexose transport in Novikoff rat hepatoma cells. A simple carrier with directional symmetry, but variable relative mobilities of loaded and empty carrier. AB - The kinetics of transport of the non-metabolizable hexose, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, have been measured in Novikoff rat hepatoma cells by both zero-trans entry and equilibrium exchange procedures. Transport conformed to a simple carrier model which operates symmetrically with respect to direction, but with greater mobility of the loaded than of the empty carrier. Although a complete kinetic description of the transporter can, in theory, be obtained by application of integrated equations describing the time course of substrate equilibrium across the membrane beginning from the zero-trans situation, statistical analysis of hypothetical data indicated that directional asymmetry or differential mobilities of loaded and empty carrier cannot be discerned reliably from such data alone. The difference in mobility of loaded and empty carrier, apparent in a comparison of zero-trans entry and exchange data, ranged from 1.5--7-fold in different batches of cells. It is concluded that the magnitude of the difference is not an inherent property of the transporter, but is determined physiologically, and may be involved in regulation of hexose transport. PMID- 7213723 TI - Temperature-induced homeoviscous adaptation of Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Exponential and plateau phase Chinese hamster ovary cells were maintained for 3 days at 32, 37, 39 or 41 degrees C. The effect of growth temperature on the fluidity and composition of the cellular membranes, and on the ability of the cells to resist a subsequent heat treatment at 43 degrees C, was measured. Cells grown at temperatures above 37 degrees C displayed increased resistance or tolerance to a 43 degree C heat treatment, whereas cells grown at 32 degrees C were sensitized to heat. Extensive cell division was not required for expression of heat tolerance. Membrane fluidity, as determined by the degree of rotational mobility of the fluorescent probe diphenylhexatriene, decreased with increasing growth temperatures, but the relationship did not hold in exponential phase cells grown at 32 degrees C. The cholesterol : phospholipid molar ratio correlated with the fluorescence polarization values, suggesting that the cells are able to adjust membrane fluidity by varying the concentration of cholesterol. The results are compatible with the concept of homeoviscous adaptation: that organisms strive to maintain an optimal level of membrane fluidity and when grown at a different temperature will alter the lipid composition in order to maintain this level. Up until now, cholesterol has not been implicated in this process. PMID- 7213724 TI - Transbilayer distribution of phospholipid fatty acyl chains in photoreceptor membrane. AB - The transverse distribution of the fatty acyl chains of the major phospholipids over the two faces of the photoreceptor membranes has been determined in bovine rod outer segment (stacked disk) preparations. For this purpose, the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids has been analyzed before and after treatment with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and phospholipase D. The latter agents are used under conditions in which they have been demonstrated to attack only the outer (cytoplasmic) face of the membrane. After treatment with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid or phospholipase D, the fatty acid composition of the unreacted phospholipids is the same as that before treatment, regardless of the extent of modification or hydrolysis attained. The fatty acid composition of phosphatidic acid, resulting from phospholipase D action, also remains unchanged during progressive hydrolysis. These results indicate that the fatty acyl chains of the major phospholipids have the same composition on either side of the disk membrane. Together with our previously published evidence for the distribution of the major phospholipids in rod outer segment disk membranes, this means that both the phospholipids and their fatty acyl chains have a remarkably symmetrical distribution over the two membrane faces. On the basis of literature data it is concluded that this approximate symmetry reflects the high mobility of the entire phospholipid pool of disk membranes, thus including appreciable transbilayer movements of the phospholipids. PMID- 7213725 TI - Lipid and protein membrane components associated with cholesterol uptake by Mycoplasmas. AB - Membranes of Mycoplasma species take up 2--4 times more exogenous cholesterol than membranes of Acholeplasma species. To test whether the lower cholesterol uptake capacity of Acholeplasma is due to the high glycolipid content of their membranes, the phospholipids of Acholeplasma laidlawii and Mycoplasma capricolum membranes were hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2. Digestion removed about 30% of the polar lipids of A. laidlawii, leaving the glycolipids and phospholglycolipids intact, and about 70% of the polar lipids of M. capricolum, the residue consisting mostly of sphingomyelin. Cholesterol uptake by the treated membranes from phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol vesicles decreased in rough proportion to the amount of polar lipid removed, indicating that the glycolipids in A. laidlawii membranes can participate in cholesterol uptake. Trypsin digestion of growing cells and isolated membranes of M. capricolum decreased cholesterol uptake by about one-half. Similar treatment of A. laidlawii cells and membranes had no effect on cholesterol uptake. These findings suggest the existence of protease-sensitive receptors on the cell surface of M. capricolum responsible for tighter contact with the cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine vesicles. It is proposed that the ability of Mycoplasma species to take up large quantities of exogenous cholesterol and phospholipids depends on the presence of protein receptors for cholesterol donors, receptors which are absent in Acholeplasma species. PMID- 7213727 TI - Hormone-induced diuretic-sensitive potassium transport in turkey erythrocytes is anion dependent. AB - In turkey erythrocytes, the hormone-induced, diuretic-sensitive components of both unidirectional K+ influx and net salt uptake were Cl- dependent, with Br- partially able, and NO3(-) and SO42(-) unable to substitute as the main anion. Since the measured fluxes involve involve Na+/+ cotransport, these observations indicate that the unifying concept of an Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport system (Geck, P., Pietrzyk, C., Burckhardt, B.-C., Pfeiffer, B. and Heinz, E. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 600, 432-447) may be extended to hormone-induced ion transport in avian erythrocytes. PMID- 7213726 TI - Enhanced concanavalin A agglutination of trypsinised erythrocytes is due to a specific class of aggregation. AB - Using the output of a rotational viscometer as a continuous index of aggregation, we have shown previously that the concanavalin A agglutination of native human erythrocytes can be resolved into three distinct classes of aggregation, static, type I and type II. Static aggregation occurs in the absence of shear forces while both type I and II aggregations are shear-induced. We now report that the increased concanavalin A agglutination of trypsinised erythrocytes is attributable to a specific enhancement in the development of type II aggregation. While type II formation in native cell suspensions requires high concanavalin A concentrations and continual shearing, an indistinguishable type of aggregation develops in suspensions of trypsinised red cells at considerably lower lectin concentrations and in the absence of applied shear forces. PMID- 7213728 TI - DNA sequence organization in the flax genome. AB - The complexity of the flax genome has been determined by reassociation kinetics. The total complexity of one constituent genome was 3.5 . 10(8) nucleotide pairs. The single copy sequences comprised 44% of the genome and showed a long period interspersion pattern with the repetitive sequences. The repetitive sequences occurred in clusters which stretched for at least 10 000 base pairs. Within these clusters the individual repetitive elements were about 650 base pairs. These elements themselves showed little interspersion of different frequency classes in lengths less than 3000 base pairs. The repetitive sequence duplexes formed on reassociation, except for the satellite DNA, showed a high thermal stability. The fold-back DNA comprised 1% of the total genome, and was itself clustered in a small fraction of the genome. PMID- 7213729 TI - The radiotoxicity of iodine-125 in ataxia telangiectasia fibroblasts. AB - Normal and ataxia telangiectasia fibroblast strains were labeled with 3H- or 125I labelled iododeoxyuridine, were stored at -75 degrees C to accumulate damage, and were thawed for survival assays. X-ray survival of frozen, unlabeled cells was also determined. The ataxia telangiectasia strains were about twice as sensitive as normal (based upon survival curve slopes) when irradiated with X-rays or 3H decays under frozen conditions. Accumulated 125I decays, while about 13 times more toxic than 3H decays, also killed ataxia telangiectasia cells about twice as efficiently as normal cells. These results indicate that a large proportion of 125I-induced damage--at least 50%--is subject to repair in normal cells. In addition, they suggest that ataxia telangiectasia cells less capably repair a lesion that is induced in common by X-rays and 125I, but in larger porportion by the latter--probably a DNA double-strand break. PMID- 7213730 TI - Determination of 5-AMP in the presence of excess 3'(2')-AMP with the aid of antibodies raised against n6-carboxymethyl-5'-AMP conjugates. Use for the quantitation of pyridine nucleotides and of protein-bound ADP-ribose. AB - 5'-AMP antigens were synthesized by conjugation of N6-carboxymethyl-5'-AMP (Cm65' AMP) to native or methylated serum albumin. Injection of the antigens resulted in antibodies with high affinity and specificity for 5'-AMP in all animals, thus allowing discrimination against 3'(2')-AMP even when present at 10(4)-10(5) times higher concentrations. This specificity was comparable to that of anti 5'-AMP antibodies raised against Cm65'-AMP serum albumin antigens formed in situ from Cm6ADP-ribose serum albumin conjugates by intracellular or pericellular phosphodiesterases. The hapten in the Cm65'-AMP-methylated serum albumin conjugate appeared to be bound almost exclusively via the N6-position. Due to the free exposure of the 5'-phosphate group in this antigen, the resulting antibodies discriminated 5'-AMP derivatives substituted at the phosphate group more efficiently than derivatives with modifications in the adenine ring. It also led to the concomitant formation of adenosine-specific antibodies due presumably to dephosphorylation of the antigen by phosphatases present in the recipient animals. The conjugates formed from Cm65'-AMP and native serum albumin, which appeared to be linked to a large extent via carboxyl groups of the protein and hydroxyl groups of the ribose, recognized modifications in the adenine ring much better than substitutions at the phosphate group. However, in spite of these relatively small differences in specificity, all three types of antibodies could be used successfully to quantitate by radioimmunoassay protein-bound ADP-ribose in adult rat liver and NAD+-NADH in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells as shown by the excellent agreement of the values obtained with the three antisera. PMID- 7213733 TI - The identification of cytochrome P-450-LM2 synthesized in vitro from a rabbit liver polysomal mRNA template. AB - We demonstrate the in vitro synthesis of cytochrome P-450-LM2 (phenobarbital inducible form of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450) from a rabbit liver polysomal mRNA template by specific immunoprecipitation of the product. The in vitro synthesized cytochrome P-450-LM2 comigrates with authentic cytochrome P-450 LM2 on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels, and is also selectively competed by authentic purified cytochrome P-450-LM2. In addition, we demonstrate that phenobarbital increases the amount of translatable mRNA for cytochrome P-450 LM2 but not for albumin, suggesting that phenobarbital has selective effects on the amount of available translatable mRNA or on mRNA biosynthesis. PMID- 7213732 TI - Cell-free protein synthesis by kidney from the aging female Fischer F344 rat. AB - This is the first report to describe and characterize a cell-free protein synthesis system derived from kidney tissue. The optimum conditions for [3H] valine incorporation into protein by the post-mitochondrial supernatant from whole kidneys were found to be: pH 6.9, 7.5 mM MgCl2, 150 mM KCl, 10 mM ATP, and 2 mM GTP. The cell-free protein-synthetising activities of kidneys isolated from 4.5-, 7.5-, 22-, and 31-month-old female Fischer F344 rats were measured using the post-mitochondrial supernatant. A 73-87% decrease in cell-free protein synthesis was observed between 4.5 and 31 months of age. Both the cell sap and microsomal fractions of the kidney post-mitochondrial supernatant from old rats were less active in protein synthesis than these fractions from the kidneys of young rats. No age-related change in the activity of RNAase in the kidney post mitochondrial supernatant was observed. Kidney ribosomes stripped of endogenous mRNA were found to be active in poly(uridylic acid)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis. The effect of aging on the fidelity of translation was determined by measuring poly(uridylic acid)-directed [14C]-phenylalanine and [3H]leucine incorporation by kidney ribosomes isolated from rats of various ages. No age related change in the fidelity of poly(uridylic acid) translation by kidney ribosomes was observed. PMID- 7213734 TI - Change in the expression of collagen genes in dividing and nondividing chondrocytes. AB - Chondrocytes were isolated from the sterna of 17-day-old chick embryos by enzyme digestion. Rapid proliferation of chondrocytes was achieved in the presence of chick serum (10%, v/v). Addition of either hydroxyurea (10(-3) M) or cytosine arabinoside (10 microgram/ml) to the culture medium was used to arrest growth of cells. Under both conditions, however, a rather fast switch of synthesis from type II to type I collagen was observed. This suggests that the loss of the differentiated state of chondrocytes in culture is not necessarily bound to mitosis. PMID- 7213735 TI - Template-specific inhibitor for DNA polymerase isolated from cauliflower inflorescence. AB - A novel inhibitory factor which greatly inhibits DNA polymerase activity was isolated from the apical portion of the cauliflower inflorescence during purification of DNA polymerases. It can be adsorbed on a DEAE-cellulose column, but not on CM-Sephadex or DNA-cellulose. The factor exclusively inhibits the incorporation of [3H]dTTP into DNA when poly(rA, dT10) is used as the template primer, but not when activated DNA, heat-denatured DNA or native DNA is used as a template. The concentration of the factor in the reaction medium required for 50% inhibition is approx. 8 microgram/ml. The factor is heat-stable, is inactivated by trypsin, and has a maximum ultraviolet absorption at 278 nm. The molecular weight was estimated as 2500-3000 by Sephadex gel chromatography. PMID- 7213731 TI - Reversal of the inhibitory effects of the pokeweed antiviral protein upon protein synthesis. AB - Protein synthesis directed by natural mRNA is more sensitive to the inhibitory action of the pokeweed antiviral protein than synthesis directed by poly (uridylic acid). Investigations into the nature of this difference revealed that pokeweed antiviral protein does not inhibit the initiation stage of protein synthesis and that the expression of pokeweed antiviral protein inhibition is dependent upon the K+ and Mg2+ concentrations used in the protein synthesis assay. Ribosomes treated with pokeweed antiviral protein function as efficiently as untreated ribosomes if assayed at either high Mg2+ or low K+ concentrations. The influence of ionic conditions upon the individual elongation factor reactions shows that pokeweed antiviral protein inhibition of the elongation factor two translocation reaction is sensitive to ionic conditions but that the inhibition of the elongation factor one-mediated enzymatic binding is not sensitive to changes in these conditions. The results suggest that the unknown enzymatic effect of pokeweed antiviral protein produces a conformational change in ribosome, which is reversed under conditions which favor a more compact ribosomal structure. PMID- 7213736 TI - Competitive binding studies of compounds that interact with DNA utilizing fluorescence polarization. AB - The increase in the fluorescence polarization of acridine orange upon binding to DNA molecules is used as the basis of a competitive method to study the interaction of a variety of fluorescent and non-fluorescent compounds with DNA. Test compounds that interact with DNA inhibit both the binding of acridine orange to DNA and the accompanying increase in fluorescence polarization. Actinomycin D exhibits a dose-dependent inhibition of acridine orange-DNA binding with Micrococcus luteus DNA, calf thymus DNA, and poly(dG-dC); no detectable inhibition of acridine orange intercalation into poly(dA-dT) is observed. In contrast, proflavine shows similar acridine orange inhibition for poly(dA-dT), calf thymus DNA and M. luteus DNA. PMID- 7213737 TI - Effect of thyrotropin on the properties of messenger RNA from cultured human thyroid cells. AB - When added to the culture medium of thyroid cells isolated from diffuse nontoxic goiter, thyrotropin increased the poly(adenylic acid) content and the template activity of the unfractionated RNA. This increase was correlated with higher thyroglobulin messenger activity, as demonstrated by specific immunoprecipitation of the labeled peptides synthesized in two heterologous cell-free systems. When RNAs were separated in a sucrose gradient, thyrotropin was shown to enhance the poly(adenylic acid) content and template activity of fractions with sedimentation coefficients of 34, 23 and 15 S. Specific immunoprecipitation showed that a thyroglobulin messenger activity was present in these three fractions. Another way by which thyrotropin regulates the thyroid protein synthesis is suggested by the shift of poly(adenylic acid)-containing RNA to large polysomes when thyroid cells were cultured in the presence of the hormone. PMID- 7213738 TI - Partial characterization of RNA polymerase II complex released by micrococcal nuclease digestion of rat liver nuclei. AB - Two forms of RNA polymerase II were released from rat liver chromatin by micrococcal nuclease digestion of the nuclei. One from behaved like a free RNA polymerase II and the other like a complex with other nuclear components. Both forms of RNA polymerase II activity were recovered in the 0.16 M NaCl-soluble fraction of the nuclear digest, and the complexed from the RNA polymerase II could transcribe its endogenous template under conditions permitting only of elongation of the RNA synthesis. The RNA polymerase II complex was further purified by gel filtration chromatography and column electrophoresis. Analysis of protein and DNA of the partially purified complex suggested that the RNA polymerase II was bound to mono- or dinucleosomes carrying some characteristic nonhistone proteins. Furthermore, in experiments on tissues from starved rats, the two forms of RNA polymerase II were found to originate from different functional states of the chromatin-bound enzyme in vivo. PMID- 7213740 TI - Factor-dependent dissociation of wheat germ ribosomes. AB - Ribosome dissociation factor has been found in wheat germ acetone powder extracts. Further purification of the crude extract by pH an ammonium sulfate fractionations, DEAE-cellulose and CM-Sephadex column chromatography has resulted in the separation of two active fractions. The possibility that ribosome dissociation activity exhibited by either fraction is due to protease or nuclease is considered unlikely, based on results of experiments involving ribosome dissociation kinetics, subunit structural integrity, and treatment with a serine protease inhibitor. Wheat germ ribosome dissociation factor is not species specific. Dissociation factor from both fractions will promote the dissociation of Escherichia coli 70-S as well as Artemia salina 80-S ribosomes. Although both dissociation factor activities show the same dependence on K+ and Mg2+ for optimal activity, the two activities exhibit significant differences in their sensitivity to sulfhydryl reagents and heat, and in their dependence on incubation temperature for activity. Certain properties of both factors suggest that neither factor is initiation factor eIF-3; however, the possibility that one or both factors are subunits of initiation factor eIF-3 remains to be determined. PMID- 7213739 TI - Inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell cycle in Chinese hamster cells by sterol binding polyene amphotericin B. AB - Amphotericin B, a sterol-binding polyene antibiotic, was found to inhibit DNA synthesis more than protein or RNA synthesis of asynchronous cultures of Chinese hamster V79 cells. DNA synthesis in the asynchronous V79 cells was inhibited to 40--60% of the control activity in the presence of 50 micrograms/ml amphotericin B. However, addition of 50 micrograms/ml of polyene immediately after to onset of DNA synthesis (early S phase) caused a drastic reduction of DNA synthesis (below 10--20% of the control in synchronized V79 cells, whereas the inhibition was much lessened when the polyene was added 1 h later (middle S phase). In contrast, there was no inhibition of DNA synthesis by amphotericin B in an amphotericin-B resistant (AMBR) clone that was derived from V79. Flow microfluorometry analysis confirmed that a large number of asynchronous V79 cells were arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle when treated with lower dose of amphotericin B. A higher dose of the polyene antibiotic also accumulated cells at the G2 (or at both S and G2) phase as well as the G1 phase. Morphological studies by scanning electron microscope showed an increased number of V79 cells with decreased microvilli in V79 cells treated with amphotericin B. PMID- 7213741 TI - The effect of polyamines of DNA synthesis in vitro. AB - Nuclei and DNA-dependent polymerases alpha and beta were isolated from exponentially growing baby hamster kidney 21/C13 cells and were used to study the effects of polyamines on DNA synthesis in vitro. The greatest effect was observed with spermine, which inhibited both nuclear DNA synthesis and the activity of partially purified DNA polymerase alpha. At 2.5 mM spermine, the maximum concentration used, we observed 58 and 68% inhibition of DNA synthesis by isolated nuclei and polymerase alpha, respectively. In contrast, spermidine caused a small increase in nuclear DNA synthesis at low concentrations (0.5 mM) and inhibition at higher concentrations (2.5 mM); it had no significant effect on the partially purified polymerase alpha. Neither polyamine had any appreciable effect on polymerase beta activity. The results are consistent with the concept that DNA polymerase alpha catalyses the observed DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei. PMID- 7213742 TI - Purification and substrate characterization of a human enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase. AB - A 5000-fold purification of the enzyme responsible for the rapid inactivation of enkephalin in human blood has been achieved: this enzyme cleaves the N-terminal tyrosine from enkephalin and from short peptides provided their first amino acid is aromatic. The enzyme, an enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase (alpha-aminoacyl peptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.11.11), requires a free amino group on the substrate and has a maximum activity around pH 8. Its appearance molecular weight is in the range of 80 000-90 000 and an apparent Michaelis constant of 0.4 mM was determined. PMID- 7213743 TI - Kinetics and inhibition of membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase from canine renal cortex. AB - The membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase (carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1) in the canine renal cortex has been characterized in terms of its CO2 hydration kinetics and inhibition by sulfonamides and inorganic anions. Comparing these properties with those of the renal cytoplasmic and the human red cell B and C isozymes, it appears that the membrane enzyme is quite different from the soluble carbonic anhydrases. The turnover number of the particulate enzyme is about 3-times lower than that of the cytoplasmic enzyme. The membrane-bound enzyme is also different from its cytoplasmic counterpart in being more resistant against inhibition, particularly against Cl-. Microsomes from the renal cortex were purified to yield luminal and anti-luminal fractions. Carbonic anhydrase activity was found in both. The luminal and anti-luminal carbonic anhydrases appeared similar in terms of their kinetic properties and susceptibility to inhibition. PMID- 7213744 TI - Effects of pH and sulfhydryl specific reagents on 4-fumarylacetoacetate fumarylhydrolase. AB - The pH-dependence of fumarylacetoacetase (4-fumarylacetoacetate fumaryl hydrolase, EC 3.7.1.2) activity was studied in the pH range 6.25-8.50. After correction of the substrate concentration for enolate formation, the Michealis constant was found to be pH independent in this range. Likewise, the Ki values for the competitive inhibitors chloride and fluoride were found to be independent of pH between 6.25-8.50. A bell-shaped curve described the log V vs. pH dependence, and ionization constants of 6.5 and 8.2 were calculated. Tentatively an imidazole group and a sulfhydryl group were assigned to the constants 6.5 and 8.2, respectively. Both p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid) react with both sulfhydryl groups per subunit in the native protein and three sulfhydryl groups per subunit in the denatured protein. Substrate protects one sulfhydryl group in the native protein from reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoid acid). Substrate or the competitive inhibitor, fluoride, protect the enzyme from inactivation by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. In addition p-hydroxymercuribenzoate shows saturation kinetics. Neither sulfhydryl inhibitor completely inactivates the enzyme. The enzyme is described as having three sulfhydryl groups per subunit, one of which is inaccessible to the sulfhydryl specific reagents when the protein is in the native state. One of the two accessible sulfhydryl groups is either near the active site or essential in maintaining the structure of the protein. PMID- 7213745 TI - Purification and properties of the membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase from adult rat brain. AB - The membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) from adult rat brain has been purified to homogeneity using sequential affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose and on dimethyl-aminoethylbenzoic acid Sepharose 4B followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The yield of the purified enzyme (specific activity: 3068 U/mg protein) is higher than 50%. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Triton X-100 gives only one band with acetylcholinesterase activity. With the exception of electrofocusing and pore gradient electrophoresis, where a multiple band pattern was detected (which seems to be artefactual), the enzyme appears to be homogeneous. Gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation in the presence of Triton X-100 give only one symmetrical peak, with a calculated molecular weight of 328 000. Since polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and mercaptoethanol gives only one band with a molecular weight of 74 500, a tetrameric structure can be postulated for the membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase from rat brain. PMID- 7213747 TI - The principles of enzyme stabilization. VI. Catalysis by water-soluble enzymes entrapped into reversed micelles of surfactants in organic solvents. AB - 1. The possibility of stabilizing water-soluble enzymes against the inactivation action of organic solvents by means of surfactants has been studied. Several enzymes (alpha-chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1), trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.1), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40)) were used to demonstrate that enzymes can be entrapped into reversed micelles formed by surfactants (Aerosol OT, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, Brij 56) in an organic solvent (benzene, chloroform, octane, cyclohexane). The enzymes solubilized in this way retain their catalytic activity and substrate specificity. 2. A kinetic theory has been put forward that describes enzymatic reactions occurring in a micelle-solvent pseudobiphasic system. In terms of this theory, an explanation is given for the experimental dependence of the Michaelis-Menten equation parameters on the concentrations of the components of a medium (water, organic solvent, surfactant) and also on the combination of the signs of charges in the substrate molecule and on interphase (++, +-, --). 3. The results obtained by us may prove important for applications of enzymes in organic synthesis and for studying the state and role of water in the structure of biomembranes and active centres of enzymes. PMID- 7213746 TI - Protein factor which induces conversion between Physarum ornithine decarboxylase forms in vitro. AB - The rapid activity modulation of ornithine decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) in Physarum polycephalum is closely correlated with a reversible post-translational modification of this enzyme. A factor has now been isolated from homogenates of exponentially-grown microplasmodia which catalyzes the conversion of the active enzyme form, A, into its less active, B state. Partial purification of this A-B converting factor has been achieved using DEAE Sephacel chromatography and Ultrogel AcA-34 gel filtration. It appears to be a heat labile, acidic protein with a molecular weight of about 35 000 which binds to large macromolecules in crude fractions isolated using low ionic strength buffers. The in vitro converting reaction requires the presence of spermidine or spermine (1 mM) while putrescine is much less effective, and inorganic cations are ineffective at levels up to 5 mM. Enzyme conversion is reduced in elevated ionic strengths and in the presence of polyamine chelators such as ATP, ADP or GTP (1.0 mM). Under current assay conditions the interaction between ornithine decarboxylase and this factor is stoichiometric, yet it is not reversed even by conditions which favor dissociation of protein-protein interactions. This is the first report of the isolation of a protein factor which is involved in the interconversion of ornithine decarboxylase between its alternate enzyme states. PMID- 7213748 TI - A semi-analytical expression for the concentration distribution of substrate molecules in fast, enzyme-catalysed reaction systems. AB - A semi-analytical expression for the concentration distribution of the substrate molecules in fast enzyme-catalysed reaction system is presented. On this basis, the physical pictures of the reactions are discussed. PMID- 7213750 TI - Explanation of anomalous binding kinetics with a high yield immobilized enzyme system. AB - The activities of glucose oxidase (beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.4) and catalase (hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6) from commercial preparations do not give typical adsorption curves upon immobilization on non-porous polyethylenimine-coated glass microbeads. The cause of this effect with glucose oxidase was investigated. Protein binding exhibited a rectangular hyperbolic adsorption isotherm, approaching saturation at high concentrations, however, enzyme activities did not. The isotherm for activities exhibited a maxima which corresponded to less than 50% saturation with regard to total protein adsorption. The enzyme preparation was found to contain small quantities of several low molecular weight impurities as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These impurities apparently compete with glucose oxidase for binding. When large excesses of protein are added to beads, the binding of impurities becomes significant and the amount of enzyme activity per unit of bead is reduced. PMID- 7213751 TI - Soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) is doubleheaded. Kinetics of the interaction of alpha-chymotrypsin with each side. AB - Further evidence is presented for the formation of a ternary complex between alpha-chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) and soybean trypsin inhibitor as well as between alpha-chymotrypsin and a performed complex of soybean trypsin and inhibitor (EC 3.4.21.1). This is well in agreement with our earlier sedimentation equilibrium studies. We report on different elution patterns of the ternary forms as compared to the inhibitor trypsin complex and the individual components in gel filtration studies. We also demonstrate the decrease of a given chymotryptic activity on a substrate if the solution is mixed with another one containing the preformed stoichiometric inhibitor-trypsin complex. A fourth piece of evidence for the formation of a chymotrypsin-inhibitor-trypsin complex is the appearance of a difference spectrum in absorbance, when chymotrypsin is mixed with the inhibitor trypsin complex. Inhibition studies with purified inhibitor show that one molecule of inhibitor binds two molecules of alpha-chymotrypsin, with dissociation constants K1 about 1 microM and K2 about 300 nM at pH 8. The site with weaker affinity for chymotrypsin is specifically blocked by stoichiometric amounts of trypsin. Purification of commercially available preparations of soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) ("inhibitor") to apparent homogeneity using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and first-order association kinetics with beta-trypsin, is achieved by a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The kinetics of the interaction of chymotrypsin with inhibitor or with inhibitor-trypsin complex were measured in a stopped-flow photometer by following the displacement of proflavine from the active site of chymotrypsin. A complete reaction scheme is presented with all rates and equilibrium constants as well as their pH-dependence. PMID- 7213749 TI - Multiple forms of glucose oxidase with different carbohydrate compositions. AB - A glucose oxidase (beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.4) sample purified from Aspergillus niger by a previously reported method was subjected to isoelectric focusing and gel electrophoresis, and found to be composed of at least six component enzymes. The isoelectric points of the component enzymes ranged from pH 3.9 to 4.3. Analyses of the enzymes indicated that they all possess an identical protein moiety, since the amino acid compositions, the C terminal sequences, the catalytic parameters, the quantitative and qualitative immunological properties and the electrophoretic patterns of the peptide fragments, obtained by the CNBr-cleavage, were practically the same. On the other hand, the carbohydrate contents of the isolated component enzymes were found to be different, and these differences were associated in the main with a particular peptide fragment. We suggest that the multiplicity of the enzyme is due to variation in the carbohydrate and their structures, rather than in the protein moiety. PMID- 7213753 TI - Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase. AB - 1. Human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.-) from human placenta has been purified more than 3000-fold by gel filtration, ion-exchange and substrate affinity chromatography. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 90 000 by gel filtration chromatography and 85 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Enzyme purified from cultured human skin fibroblasts has similar properties. 2. The tritium-labeled chrondroitin 6-sulfate trisaccharide N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfate-(beta, 1-4)-glucuronic acid-(beta, 1-3(-N-acetyl[1-3H]galactosaminitol 6-sulfate as substrate demonstrated a Km of 0.12 mM at pH 4.5. Sulfate was hydrolyzed only from the non-reducing terminal of this disulfated trisaccharide. Hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin 4 sulfate, heparin and chondroitin 6-sulfate tetrasaccharide were slightly inhibitory, whereas 6-sulfated pentasaccharides and heptasaccharides were strongly inhibitory. The enzyme dose not hydrolyze sulfate from N acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate. PMID- 7213752 TI - Preliminary characterization of ferrichrome synthetase from Aspergillus quadricinctus. AB - An enzyme synthesizing the cyclic hexapeptide, ferrichrome, was partially purified from extracts of Aspergillus quadricinctus by fractional (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and Bio-Gel A 1.5 m filtration. About a 20-fold purification was achieved. The enzyme system incorporated delta-N-acetyl-delta-N-hydroxyornithine into ferrichrome and catalyzed ATP-PP1 exchange reactions, dependent on the constituent amino acids, glycine and delta-N-acetyl-delta-N-hydroxyornithine, in the presence of Mg2+. The optimal temperature was 27 degrees C. Km values were 3.1 . 10(-4) M for glycine and 5.3 . 10(-6) M for delta-N-acetyl-delta-N hydroxyornithine. Both Km values were significantly lowered in the presence of 1 . 10(-6) M Fe3+. From the inhibition experiments it is concluded that sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme are involved. Both monomers are covalently bound to the enzyme in the course of the reaction. A molecular weight of 1.1 . 10(6) was determined by gel filtration. As the partially purified protein fraction also catalyzed transacetylation of hydroxyornithine from acetyl CoA, the peptide synthesizing activity may be part of a multienzyme complex. No ferrichrome synthetase activity can be found when the fungus is grown in the presence of 1. 10(-5) M Fe3+. PMID- 7213754 TI - A manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from Paracoccus denitrificans. AB - A cyanide-insensitive superoxide dismutase (superoxide: superoxide dismutase EC 1.15.1.1) has been isolated from Paracoccus denitrificans, purified to homogeneity and characterized. It is a soluble, manganese-containing protein with an apparent molecular weight of 41 500 +/- 1000. It is composed of two identical subunits (Mr 23 500) not bound by disulfide linkage. It's isoelectric point is 4.5. The amino acid composition shows strong similarities with other dimeric procaryotic and with tetrameric mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutases. The fully active enzyme contained from 1.34 to 2 gatom Mn/mol enzyme. PMID- 7213755 TI - Effect of alcohols on the hydrolysis catalyzed by human pancreatic carboxylic ester hydrolase. AB - Transfer reactions catalyzed by human pancreatic carboxylic-ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.1) were studied in the presence of methanol and butanol as nucleophiles. The addition of alcohols produced an increase in the total rate of 4-nitrophenyl acetate and n-propylthiol acetate disappearance and a concomitant slow decrease of the hydrolysis rate. These results indicate a competitive partitioning of an acyl-enzyme intermediate between water and nucleophile. Moreover, a strong inhibition of the rates of hydrolysis of methyl butyrate and triacetin by nucleophiles is in agreement with a rate-limiting acylation step. The kinetic data and a trans-ester characterization argue in favor of the formation of an acyl-enzyme intermediate and a two-step reaction mechanism, acylation and deacylation both being rate-limiting. The experiments performed with 4 nitrophenyl acetate show the existence of a nucleophile binding site. PMID- 7213756 TI - Intracellular distribution of hexokinase in the tissue zones of rat kidney. AB - The high rates of aerobic glycolysis of tumor cells and brain may result from an increased binding of hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) to mitochondria. Renal papillary tissue also has a high rate of aerobic glycolysis. Therefore, the activity of hexokinase, in the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions of the cortical, medullary and papillary regions of rat kidney were determined. There was an increasing cortico-papillary gradient for the specific activity (mol/kg protein per h) of total hexokinase. The specific activity of the cell-free whole homogenates of cortex, medulla and papilla were (n = 8): 0.85 +/- 0.04; 2.09 +/- 0.08; 3.76 +/- 0.15, respectively. The specific activity of hexokinase in the papillary mitochondrial fraction (5.91 +/- 0.40) was significantly greater (P less than 0.005) than in the papillary cytoplasmic fraction, (3.40 +/- 0.13). The selectivity higher specific activity for hexokinase in the papillary mitochondrial fraction was in sharp contrast with the specific activity of critical (0.96 +/- 0.07) or medullary (2.28 +/- 0.16) mitochondrial fractions, which have hexokinase specific activities which were not significantly different from those present in their respective cytoplasmic fractions. These observations suggest that the high rate of aerobic glycolysis of renal papillary tissue may be due, at least in part, to the high specific activity of hexokinase associated with the papillary mitochondrial fraction. PMID- 7213757 TI - Almond glycopeptidase acting on aspartylglycosylamine linkages. Multiplicity and substrate specificity. AB - The glycopeptidase preparation that has been isolated from almond emulsin and acts on beta-aspartylglycosylamine linkages in glycopeptides was separated into three active fractions by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The three discrete species of glycopeptidase (Groups A, B and C) have been purified 30-, 136-, and 99-fold, respectively. The optimum pH value of Group A was 6.0 and those of Groups B and C, 5.0. Isoelectric points of Groups A, B and C were pH 7.7, 8.6 and 8.7, respectively. All three glycopeptidases hydrolyzed quantitatively glycopeptides with 3-11 amino acid residues prepared from stem bromelain, ovalbumin and ovotransferrin. Group C preferred glycopeptides with shorter peptide chains, whereas Groups A and B preferred those with longer chains. Glycopeptidase Group A also hydrolyzed intact glycoproteins such as stem bromelain, ovalbumin, Taka-amylase A and desialylated human transferrin. PMID- 7213758 TI - Two hexokinases of Homarus americanus (lobster), one having great affinity for mannose and fructose and low affinity for glucose. AB - Two major hexokinases (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferases, EC 2.7.1.1) have been identified in tissues of Homarus americanus (lobster) and separated from each other by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of each, determined by gel filtration, is about 50 000. Hexokinase II, named for its column elution order, resembles hexokinase isozymes I and II of vertebrates. Km values for glucose, mannose and fructose are 0.08, 0.13 and 6.7 mM, respectively. It is strongly inhibited by the reaction products, ADP and glucose-6-P (Ki = 0.8 mM). Hexokinase I appears to be different from any animal hexokinase previously described. It has a high affinity for mannose and fructose and low affinity for glucose. Km values are 6, 0.07 and 1.2 mM and relative maximum rates 100, 520 and 1070 for glucose, mannose and fructose, respectively. Hexokinase I is not inhibited by physiological concentrations of ATP nor by glucose-6-P , mannose-6-P or fructose-6-P even at high concentrations. Both enzymes occur in muscle at about 10% of the concentration found in the hepatopancreas. The use of Leuconostoc mesenteroides glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-phosphate: NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49), with NAD as cofactor, is recommended for measuring hexokinases in crude tissue preparations to avoid the variable further reduction of nucleotide caused by the action of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase when NADP is used with yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7213759 TI - Fluoride ion as an NMR relaxation probe of galactose oxidase-substrate binding. AB - From the dependence on substrate concentration of fluoride ion spin-lattice and spin-spin paramagnetic relaxation rate enhancements, a value for the dissociation constant, Kd = 0.059 +/0 0.002 M, for the anaerobic binding of dihydroxyacetone (monomer) to the Cu(II) site of the enzyme galactose oxidase (D-galactose:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.9) has been obtained. This value for Kd lies between previously reported values for Km derived by use of classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. An analogous calculation for the anaerobic binding of galactose to the enzyme yields Kd = 0.145 +/- 0.004 M, a value different from several reported Michaelis constants. F- NMR relaxation measurements on air-exposed samples of galactose and the enzyme yield a dissociation constant for the active site oxidation product (presumed to be galactohexodialdose), Kd = 2.2 +/- 0.2 M, a value at least an order of magnitude larger than the Michaelis or dissociation constants calculated for the binding of galactose to the enzyme active site; no value for this constant had been reported previously. Some implications of the competition results for the type of substrate binding are discussed. PMID- 7213760 TI - Mechanism of salicylate hydroxylase-catalyzed decarboxylation. AB - Salicylate hydroxylase (salicylate, NADH: oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, decarboxylating), EC 1.14.13.1) in Pseudomonas putida catalyzed hydroxylation of the substrate analogue, salicylaldehyde, to form catechol and formate with stoichiometric consumption of NADH and O2. Consequently, a study of primary product derived from the carboxyl group of the authentic substrate, salicylate, was undertaken. The experimental results revealed that CO2 not H2CO3, was produced first. PMID- 7213761 TI - Inactivation of beta-fucosidase by iodine, N-acetylimidazole and tetranitromethane. Evidence for the existence of essential tyrosine residues. AB - beta-Fucosidase (beta-D-fucoside fucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.38) isolated from the digestive juice of Achatina balteata is markedly inactivated when the enzyme is preincubated with three different probes, specific for tyrosine residues in the experimental conditions used. An effective protection against inactivation of the enzyme is obtained in the presence of a substrate analogue. These data strongly suggest that beta-fucosidase possesses essential tyrosine residues. PMID- 7213762 TI - Glutamate synthase (NADH) from lupin nodules. Specificity of the 2-oxoglutarate site. AB - The binding of substrate analogues including potential alternative substrates, to glutamate synthase (NADH) (L-glutamate: NAD+ oxidoreductase (transaminating) E.C. 1.4.1.14) has been investigated by studying competitive inhibition with respect ot 2-oxoglutarate. Binding requires two terminal carboxyl groups on a C5 straight chain molecule although some C4 molecules bind weakly. Bulky substituents at C2 decrease or prevent binding. Glutarate, the most potent inhibitor, binds much less tightly than the substrate. A 2-oxo group in a molecule other than the substrate does not appear to contribute significantly to binding. None of the analogues was able to act as an alternative substrate. PMID- 7213763 TI - Enzymatic synthesis in biphasic aqueous-organic systems. II. Shift of ionic equilibria. AB - Ionic equilibria in "water-water-immiscible organic solvent" systems have been studied. It has been shown that in such systems shift of the apparent pK value of acids and bases takes place (compared to aqueous solutions), the value of the shift being rather high, up to 5 and more pH units (with 2,4 dinitrophenyltryptophan as an acid and neutral red as a base). The pK shift of ionogenic reagents observed in biphasic systems can be used in preparative organic synthesis for increasing the yield of end products in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. In connection with this, the physico-chemical reasons for the equilibrium shift in a chemical reaction that involves one or two ionogenic reagents are theoretically analyzed. The above approach has been tested with two alpha-chymotrypsin-catalyzed reactions, i.e., synthesis of N-benzoyl-L phenylalanine ethyl ester (from NBz-LPhe-OH and ethanol) and synthesis of N acetyl-L-tryptophanyl-L-leucine amide (from NAc-LTrp-OH and LLeu-NH2). In water the equilibria in these reactions are shifted almost entirely towards the starting reagents with the yield of end product being negligibly low. In biphasic systems consisting of chloroform +5% (v/v) water or ethyl acetate +2% (v/v) water, the yield of both the ester and the dipeptide reaches 100%. PMID- 7213766 TI - Factors affecting lipid peroxidation in guinea-pig adrenal microsomes. PMID- 7213764 TI - A change observation of oriented diffraction from low-density serum lipoprotein. AB - The X-ray diffraction patterns have been recorded from concentrated preparations of low-density serum lipoprotein (LDL). In one case a specimen gave rise to oriented diffraction: the 36 A ring, which has previously been attributed to the cholesteryl esters in LDL, shows markedly oriented intensity; and of the other small-angle rings, which do not show oriented peak intensity, one nonetheless shows significant anisometry. The possibility cannot be ruled out that an artifactual structure has been created; however, it is calculated that the structure will, if exposed in an unoriented preparation, give rise to 36 A diffraction not obviously distinguishable from the native pattern. If valid for the native LDL particle, these observation suggest that the cholesteryl esters in the core of the particle may be arranged in simple planar, or else cylindrically concentric, layers and that the overall shape of the particle is not a uniform sphere. PMID- 7213765 TI - Activation of rabbit platelet phospholipase and thromboxane synthesis by 1-O hexadecyl/octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (platelet activating factor). AB - 1-O-Hexadecyl/octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC), structurally identical with platelet activating factor, is a potent stimulus for rabbit platelet aggregation and serotonin secretion. AGEPC at concentrations between 10(-10) and 10(-8) M induced stimulation of rabbit platelet synthesis of thromboxane B2. The dose vs. response curve for platelet thromboxane B2 synthesis was displaced slightly towards higher stimulus concentrations compared to [3H]serotonin secretion, with half-maximal concentrations of 2.5 . 10(-9) and 8 . 10(-10) M, respectively. Rates of thromboxane B2 synthesis and secretion were similar with a t 1/2 max of 4.0-4.5 s for both processes. AGEPC induced a decrease in platelet [14C]arachidonic acid in both phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, although [14C]arachidonic acid turnover in phosphatidylcholine was not observed below 1 . 10(-8) M AGEPC. Concomitantly, this decrease in phospholipid [14C]arachidonic acid was associated with a marked increase of radiolabel in platelet diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid 15 s after AGEPC addition, suggesting the possibility of a phospholipase C diacylglycerol lipase mechanism of fatty acid cleavage. As observed previously with secretion and aggregation, removal of the 2-acetyl group from AGEPC abrogated all capacity of this molecule to stimulate platelet phospholipase. This study indicates that AGEPC (or platelet activating factor) activation of rabbit platelet phospholipase occurs in a time-course and concentration range similar to that required for [3H]serotonin secretion. PMID- 7213767 TI - Lipid composition of guinea pig platelets and megakaryocytes. The megakaryocyte as a probable source of platelet lipids. AB - Platelets are formed by fragmentation of the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of the megakaryocyte in the bone marrow. This study has compared the lipid composition of guinea pig platelets and megakaryocytes. Phospholipids were quantitated by TLC and measurement of lipid phosphorus. Cholesterol and fatty acids were quantitated by GLC. The cholesterol/phospholipid molar distribution in megakaryocytes was: 9.8% phosphatidylserine, 6.7% phosphatidylinositol, 14.2% sphingomyelin, 40.0% phosphatidylcholine and 29.3% phosphatidylethanolamine. Platelets continued 11.2% phosphatidylserine, 5.1% phosphatidylinositol, 16.1% sphingomyelin, 38.6% phosphatidylcholine and 29.0% phosphatidylethanolamine. The major megakaryocyte fatty acids were 20.0% palmitic, 16.4% stearic, 20.6% oleic, 13.2% linoleic and 8.2% arachidonic. The major platelet fatty acids were 17.4% palmitic, 17.5% stearic, 11.6% oleic, 12.4% linoleic and 14.6% arachidonic. The major and minor fatty acid compositions of the individual platelet phospholipids reflected those of the megakaryocyte counterparts. The increased arachidonic acid and decreased oleic acid in platelets relative to megakaryocytes were found in all four glycerophospholipids. The similarity of the phospholipid and fatty acid composition of megakaryocytes and platelets suggests that the lipid composition of the platelet is determined by the megakaryocyte. PMID- 7213768 TI - Inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glyceroneogenesis and fatty acid synthesis in rat adipose tissue by quinolinate and 3-mercaptopicolinate. AB - To study the interrelationships of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue, investigations with two effectors of the hepatic carboxykinase, Fe2+ and Mn2+, and two inhibitors of the enzyme and of gluconeogenesis in liver, quinolinic acid and 3-mercaptopicolinic acid, were carried out. Incubating adipose tissue cytosol with 30 microM Fe2+ or 100 microM Mn2+ prior to assaying for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity doubled the enzyme activity. Inhibition of the enzyme by quinolinate alone was minimal. Adding 30 microM Fe2+ to the cytosol decreased the K0.5 (concentration that gives 50% inhibition) for quinolinate to 0.4 mM and the K0.5 for mercaptopicolinate from 200 to 14 microM. Activating the enzyme with 100 microM Mn2+ did not lower the K0.5 values and adding 500 microM Mn2+ to the cytosol completely interfered with the enhancement of inhibition induced by Fe2+. Each inhibitor interfered with 14C incorporation into glyceride glycerol from labeled pyruvate, alanine and lactate in suspensions of adipocytes. Adding 1 mM Mn2+ to the adipocyte suspension almost completely prevented the inhibition of pyruvate and alanine incorporation into glyceride glycerol, but adding the Mn2+ or 250 microM Fe2+ to the adipocytes in the absence of inhibitors did not enhance glyceride glycerol formation. Adding 250 microM Fe2+ to the adipocytes did not enhance inhibition of lipid synthesis by mercaptopicolinate or quinolinate. Mercaptopicolinate did not inhibit glyceride glycerol, fatty acid, total lipid or CO2 production from glucose. The lack of activation of glyceride glycerol synthesis by added Fe2+ or Mn2+, the lack of enhancement of pyridine carboxylate inhibition by Fe2+ and the interference with inhibition by Mn2+ are compatible with the idea that a transition metal ion similar to Fe2+, if not Fe2+ itself, is available to, or loosely bound to, the adipose tissue carboxykinase in vivo. Taken together with the results of previous work which showed ferroactivator (a cytosol protein necessary for Fe2+ activation of the carboxykinase) to be present in adipose tissue, the present results indicate that the control of the adipose tissue carboxykinase may be similar to the enzyme in liver. Fatty acid synthesis was also diminished by the inhibitors, albeit to a lesser extent than was glyceride glycerol formation. It is hypothesized that this was secondary to decreased esterification caused by the lack of glycerol 3-phosphate from inhibition of the carboxykinase. Decreased esterification would lead to a build-up of fatty acyl CoA which inhibits fatty acid synthesis. PMID- 7213770 TI - Metabolism of all-trans-retinyl acetate to retinoic acid in hamster tracheal organ culture. AB - All-trans-[3H]retinyl acetate has been shown to be metabolized to all-trans [3H]retinoic acid in a target tissue of vitamin A action, the hamster trachea in organ culture. That the compound produced is indeed all-trans-retinoic acid is demonstrated by chromatography of the biosynthetically produced retinoic acid with synthetic all-trans-retinoic acid in two different high-pressure liquid chromatographic systems, either as the free acids in a reverse-phase system or as the methyl esters in a normal-phase system. The all-trans-[3H]retinoic acid was also found in the tracheal epithelium and cartilage as well as in the medium. In addition the tracheal tissue also contained retinyl palmitate and other esters. Finally, further in vitro metabolism of [3H]retinyl acetate paralleled the metabolism of [14C]retinoic acid suggesting that these two compounds are being metabolized through similar pathways. PMID- 7213769 TI - Membrane fatty acid modification of the neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid, NG108-15. AB - As a first step in studying the effects of membrane lipid modification on complex cellular functions we have modified the membrane fatty acid composition of the neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid clone, NG108-15. These cultured cells were chosen because they exhibit many complex neuronal functions in vitro. Unsaturated fatty acids (oleate, linoleate, linolenate and arachidonate) were accumulated, metabolized and esterified by the cells. These unsaturated fatty acids stimulated cell growth, whereas saturated fatty acids were toxic to the cells. Changes as large as 40-fold in the ratio of monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membrane phospholipids were produced by addition of fatty acids directly to serum-containing culture medium. As a result of the exposure of NG108-15 cells to unsaturated fatty acids the amount of phosphatidylethanolamine in the cells was increased by as much as 60%. Polyunsaturated fatty acids also caused a small decrease in the membrane cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio. These experiments demonstrate that large changes in membrane fatty acid composition can be created in clonal cells capable of differentiated neuronal activities. Additional changes in membrane lipid composition also appear to be induced by these manipulations. The question of the importance of specific membrane lipid composition to neuronal cellular function now can be addressed. PMID- 7213772 TI - Inhibition of desaturation of palmitic, linoleic and eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acids in vitro by isomeric cis-octadecenoic acids. AB - The effects of the positional isomers of cis-18 : 1 acids on the desaturation of 18 : 2 omega 6 leads to 18 : 3 omega 6 (delta 6 desaturase), 20 : 3 omega 6 leads to 20 : 4 omega 6 (delta 5 desaturase) and 16 : 0 leads to 16 : 1 (delta 9 desaturase) were investigated using essential fatty acid deficient rat liver microsomes. The isomeric cis-18 : 1 acids were found to be inhibitory for the delta 6, delta 5 and delta 9 desaturases, and the position of the double bond is important in determining the degree of inhibition. The effects of the several cis 18 : 1 isomers on delta 6 and delta 5 desaturases were parallel in magnitude exept for the cis-delta isomer which gave 17.5% inhibition for delta 6 desaturase and no inhibition for delta 5 desaturase. The strongest inhibitor for delta 6 desaturase (cis-delta 8 18 : 1) was also the most potent inhibitor for delta 5 desaturase, and the weakest inhibitor for delta 6 desaturase (cis-delta 3 18 : 1) was the least effective inhibitor on delta 5 desaturase. The delta 9 desaturase was maximally inhibited by cis-delta 10 and delta 11 18 : 1 isomers. The cis-18 : 1 acid isomers in partially hydrogenated edible fats may have effects on the lipid metabolism through their inhibitory effects on the desaturases. PMID- 7213773 TI - Time-related changes in the synthesis and secretion of very low density, low density and high density lipoproteins by cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Lipoproteins in the three major density classes were isolated from the medium of cultured rat hepatocytes incubated in the absence of serum for periods ranging from 1 to 48 h. De novo synthesis was suggested by the cycloheximide-sensitive incorporation of [3H]leucine into the apolipoproteins of the secreted lipoproteins. Hepatocyte d less than 1.006 and d 1.006-1.063 g/ml lipoproteins were similar to plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), respectively, in chemical composition, morphology and apolipoprotein distribution. The isolation of plasma-like d 1.006-1.063 g/ml particles is evidence for the hepatic origin of rat LDL; however, whether these particles are synthesized directly or result from catabolism of secreted VLDL has not been determined. Spherical d 1.063-1.21 g/ml particles containing predominantly apolipoprotein A-I were isolated from the media. In contrast to plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) the hepatocyte particles contained significant concentrations of triacylglycerol and apolipoproteins of Mr greater than 100,000 and lacked apolipoprotein A-IV. The pattern of lipoprotein secretion was related to the time of incubation. After incubation for 1, 3 and 6.5 h, VLDL comprised approx. 56% of the total lipoprotein mass, LDL 20% and HDL 24%. After 17 and 48 h the VLDL concentration was greatly reduced (approx. 20% of the total mass) while LDL and HDL concentrations were increased (33 and 47% of the total, respectively). Exogenous sodium oleate resulted in a concentration-dependent stimulation of VLDL synthesis at longer incubation periods. The triacylglycerol content of the secreted LDL fraction was also significantly increased following sodium oleate addition and there was an increased number of 425-650 A particles present, which may represent catabolic products of VLDL. Hepatocyte monolayers which can be maintained in serum-free media for extended period should be useful for studying regulation of hepatic metabolism of the three major lipoprotein classes. PMID- 7213771 TI - Demonstration of hepatic heparin-releasable lipase in the guinea-pig. AB - It was recently reported by Yamada et al. (Yamada, N., Murase, T., Akanuma, Y., Ikakura, H. and Kosaka, K. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 575, 128-134) that the guinea-pig has no hepatic heparin-releasable lipase. We have, however, found a low but definite lipase activity in guinea-pig post-heparin plasma with the characteristics of the hepatic lipase. This activity, as measured in our assay, is only about one-tenth of that in rat post-heparin in plasma. Although the activity is thus much lower than in some other animals, its presence demonstrates that the guinea-pig is not qualitatively but only quantitatively different in this respect. PMID- 7213774 TI - Galactolipid formation in chloroplast envelopes. II. Isolation-induced changes in galactolipid composition. AB - Spinach envelopes were isolated at pH 8.5, which is inhibitory to interlipid galactosyl transfer, and at pH 7.2, which is close to values used in most recent work on chloroplast envelopes. Peptide patterns were identical, but galactolipid compositions differed markedly. These changes are such as could be explained by interlipid galactosyl transfer during isolation at pH 7.2, i.e. a strong decrease in monogalactolipid and a corresponding increase in tri- and tetragalactolipids and diacylglycerol. Digalactolipid was little affected. It was further observed that the interlipid galactosyl transfer was restricted to lipids rich in hexadecatrienoic acid. Arguments are presented that the lipid composition of envelopes in vivo is better represented by the results obtained at high pH. The results will be discussed in relation to previous data on galactolipid composition and biosynthesis in envelopes. PMID- 7213775 TI - Comparative study of chylomicron and fatty acid utilization in small intestine and heart. AB - Chylomicrons were isolated from the urine of rats after a surgical procedure in which the cysterna chyli was connected with the right ureter. The fatty acids of the chylomicrons served as a respiratory substrate for rat heart and not for rat small intestine during in vitro vascular perfusions. The reason for the absence of chylomicron utilization in small intestine was found to be the virtual absence of lipoprotein lipase from this organ. Both heart and small intestine oxidized oleate complexed to albumin. Increasing the molar ratio of fatty acid to albumin from 3 to 6 did not affect the rate of fatty acid oxidation in heart, but increased fatty acid oxidation in small intestine. PMID- 7213776 TI - The structure and thermotropic properties of pure 1,2-diacylgalactosylglycerols in aqueous systems. AB - Pure 3-sn-monogalactosyldilinolenoylglycerol and 3-sn digalactosyldilinolenoylglycerol have been isolated from bean leaves. Distearoyl derivatives have been prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the unsaturated galactolipids. The unsaturated lipids form stable monomolecular films at the air/water interface which are similar to liquid-expanded phospholipid monolayers. The limiting areas were about 0.57 nm2 and 0.62 nm2 for the mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerols, respectively. The saturated galactolipids formed condensed monolayers that were relatively unstable. The surface pressure-area isotherm of the digalactosyl derivative was more expanded than that of the monogalactosyldiacylglycerol especially at low surface pressures. Low-angle X-ray diffraction and freeze-fracture electron microscopy studies of the monogalactosyldiacylglycerols showed that an hexagonal-type structure was formed by the unsaturated lipid in aqueous systems, whilst the saturated lipid was arranged in a lamellar configuration. Both digalactosyldiacylglycerols form lamellar structures in water. A gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition of distearoyldigalactosylglycerol was observed at about 51 degrees C by fluorescence depolarization measurements, using 1,6-diphenylhexatriene, and by differential scanning calorimetry. The saturated monogalactosyldiacylglycerol did not form dispersions suitable for fluorescence probe studies of a phase transition. A complex pattern of endotherms was observed for this lipid by differential scanning calorimetry. PMID- 7213777 TI - A comparison of the in vitro binding of alpha-tocopherol to microsomes of lung, liver, heart and brain of the rat. AB - The in vitro binding of alpha-tocopherol to microsomes of lung, liver, heart and brain of the rat was studied with the insoluble tocopherol ligand presented as a complex with bovine serum albumin. Under these conditions, all microsomes showed nonsaturable binding of alpha-tocopherol and the amount bound to microsomes was linearly proportional to the concentration of albumin-complexed tocopherol. Increasing the amount of alpha-tocopherol bound to microsomes in this manner reduced the extent of lipid peroxidation induced by added ferrous iron. The apparent affinities of the microsomes for alpha-tocopherol, as indicated by the amount bound at a given concentration of albumin-complexed tocopherol, decreased in the order brain greater than liver approximately equal to heart greater than lung. The differences in affinity did not correlate with total fatty acid content (r = -0.39), total unsaturated fatty acid content (r = -0.26), or with the content of fatty acids containing two or more double bonds (r = -0.01). A high positive correlation was found with the content of fatty acids containing three or more double bonds (r = +0.96). Since lung microsomes contain approx. 6-times the tocopherol levels of liver and brain and about twice that of heart microsomes, these results show that the in vivo levels of microsomal tocopherol do not reflect microsomal affinity for this biological antioxidant. PMID- 7213778 TI - Uptake and degradation of rat chylomicron remnants, produced in vivo and in vitro, in rat hepatocyte monolayers. AB - 1. The uptake of small and large chylomicrons in rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures was compared to the uptake of chylomicron remnants prepared either in vitro with pure milk lipoprotein lipase or in hepatectomized rats. 2. Small chylomicrons (Sf less than 400) markedly inhibited remnant uptake and were taken up more efficiently than large ones (Sf greater than 400), indicating that size may be an important factor for the rate of uptake. The Lineweaver-Burk analysis of the data indicated that the V values for the uptake of both small chylomicrons (Sf less than 400) and of remnants prepared either in hepatectomized rats or in vitro was significantly higher than for chylomicrons with Sf greater than 400, whereas the Km values for the different particles did not differ significantly. 3. Preincubation of chylomicrons with serum caused marked changes in their apolipoprotein composition. A loss of apolipoprotein A-I and an increase in apolipoprotein E content was observed by scanning of SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Th preincubation decreased, however, the subsequent uptake of the chylomicrons. In contrast, the uptake of remnants prepared in vivo, or in vitro with serum present, exceeded that of remnants prepared in vitro with albumin or fetal calf serum as the fatty acid acceptor. 4. The data thus indicate that both the decrease in size and the changes in the particle surface during lipolysis with serum present are likely to contribute to the differences seen in the rate of uptake between native chylomicrons and remnants in hepatocyte monolayers. PMID- 7213780 TI - Purification of two lipases with high phospholipase A1 activity from guinea-pig pancreas. AB - 1. Two cationic lipases (Ia and Ib) were purified from homogenates of fresh guinea-pig pancreas by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and CM Sepharose (twice for the latter) followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. 2. Both enzymes were homogeneous upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their molecular weights are 37,000 and 42,000 for lipases Ia and Ib, respectively, as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Very close values for isoelectric points were found in the pH range 9.3-9.4. 3. The cationic lipases are characterized by a high phospholipase A activity (500 IU/mg protein using a potentiometric assay with egg yolk lecithin as substrate), resulting in an unusual phospholipase/lipase activity ratio of 1. 4. Using doubly labelled phosphatidylcholine, a specificity, A1, was described for the two enzymes, which are unaffected by N-ethylmaleimide, diisopropylfluorophosphate and p bromophenacylbromide. The enzymes are insensitive to EDTA and slightly inhibited by CaCl2 and MgCl2, whereas sodium deoxycholate is required for maximal activity. PMID- 7213779 TI - Degradation of apolipoprotein B of low density lipoprotein by cultured bovine smooth muscle cells. Accumulation of intermediates in the presence of protease inhibitors. AB - The incubation of bovine aortic smooth muscle cells with 125I-labeled low density lipoprotein in the presence of protease inhibitors resulted in the significant intracellular accumulation of intact apolipoprotein B, as well as a number of high molecular weight degradation intermediates. This effect was brought about both by leupeptin, a specific inhibitor of thiol proteases (40% inhibition of degradation), as well as by the more general lysosomotrophic inhibitors, chloroquine and NH4Cl. Qualitatively identical spectra of degradation intermediates were formed in the presence of chloroquine and NH4Cl as determined by autoradiography of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic fractions, ranging from the apolipoprotein B band (Mr = 340,000) to bands with molecular weights of less than 14,000. The effect of NH4Cl was reversible and release of inhibition resulted in the sequential loss of intermediates from the cells; those species having higher molecular weights disappearing first. Inhibition by leupeptin was associated with the accumulation of degradation products in the lower molecular weight range only (Mr less than or equal to 72,000). These results provide evidence that apolipoprotein B proteolysis progresses in distinct stages via specific breakdown products and suggest that the thiol cathepsins become more active later in the degradation pathway. PMID- 7213782 TI - Immunochemistry of human plasma apolipoprotein C-II as studied by radioimmunoassay. AB - The immunoreactivity of human plasma apolipoprotein C-II was investigated using a specific radioimmunoassay. In whole plasma, the mean value quantitated was 2.21 +/- 0.415 mg/dl, while in delipidated plasma, a mean value of 3.84 +/- 1.186 mg/dl was obtained, suggesting that the antigenic sites of the apolipoprotein were not fully detected in unmodified plasma by our antibody preparation. Two detergents, Tween-20 and Triton X-100, were studied to determine if they could enhance the immunoreactivity of apolipoprotein C-II in whole plasma. At concentrations of 0.012-0.06%, Tween-20 markedly increased the immunoreactivity of whole plasma, but not of delipidated plasma, indicating that antigenic sites of plasma apolipoprotein C-II has been exposed by Tween-20. In contrast, Triton X 100 had no effect on the immunoreactivity of whole plasma apolipoprotein C-II. A radioimmunoassay conducted in the presence of 0.06% Tween-20, resulted in a mean value in whole plasma (3.39 +/- 1.11 mg/dl) that was not significantly different from that obtained when the assay was done on delipidated samples. The immunoreactivity of VLDL apolipoprotein C-II was also drastically enhanced following lipolysis by bovine milk lipoprotein lipase, supporting the hypothesis that antigenic sites are masked by the lipids. Finally, the mechanism responsible for the effect of Tween-20 on apolipoprotein C-II immunoreactivity was investigated. The results obtained from circular dichroism and ultracentrifugation suggest that the detergent may dissociate the apolipoprotein from lipoprotein particles, thus fully exposing the antigenic sites for reaction with antibodies. PMID- 7213783 TI - Carbamyl analogs of phosphatidylcholines. Synthesis, interaction with phospholipases and permeability behavior of their liposomes. AB - A novel class of phospholipase-resisting phosphatidylcholine analogs, in which the C-2 ester group or both C-1 and C-2 ester groups have been replaced by carbomyloxy functions (Formula--see text), have been synthesized. These lipids were not degraded by phospholipase A2, while complete hydrolysis occurred with phospholipase C. Ultrasonic irradiation of the aqueous dispersions of the phospholipids in the presence as well as in the absence of cholesterol resulted in the formation of closed bilayer structures as evidenced by negative staining electron microscopy and also by their ability to entrap [14C]glucose. The leakage rates of glucose at 37 degrees C from liposomes of these compounds have also been measured. Liposomes consisting of 1,2-dipentadecanylcarbamyloxy-sn-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine were found to be more leaky (2.1%/h) as compared to the liposomes of 1-palmitoyl-2-pentadecanylcarbamyloxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (0.5%/h). Moreover, inclusion of cholesterol (33 mol%) into the bilayers of the former phospholipid had no effect on the leakage rate (2.4%/h) while it effectively reduced permeability of the latter (0.22%/h). These phosphatidylcholines are useful for studying the possible role of phospholipases in the capture and lysis of liposomes in vivo. PMID- 7213781 TI - Staphylococcal delta toxin stimulates endogenous phospholipase A2 activity and prostaglandin synthesis in fibroblasts. AB - Delta toxin, one of at least four toxins produced by pathogenic strains of the skin bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, is an amphipathic polypeptide possessing hemolytic and cytolytic activity. Delta toxin stimulates high levels of phospholipase A2 activity in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts with concomitant synthesis and release of prostaglandins. Alpha toxin, another hemolytic toxin produced by strains of S. aureus, did not stimulate phospholipase A2 or prostaglandin release in these cells. Analysis of the release of lactate dehydrogenase and beta galactosidase (cytoplasmic and lysosomal marker enzymes, respectively) from delta toxin-treated cells indicated that cytolytic concentrations of the toxin damage the cell-surface membrane more extensively than lysosomal membranes. During a 30 min exposure, delta toxin stimulated 3T3 cells to hydrolyze up to 32% of the lipids biosynthetically labeled by incorporation of [3H]arachidonic acid. A relatively high percentage of the free arachidonic acid formed in delta-toxin treated 3T3 cells was converted to prostaglandins (up to 41.3% and 8.3% converted to chromatographically identifiable prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha, respectively, in 30 min), with optimal conversion occurring at sublytic toxin concentrations. The degree of activation of phospholipase A2 in 3T3 cells by a range of concentrations of delta toxin correlates with cytotoxicity assessed by failure to exclude trypan blue dye. Analysis of the calcium dependency of the toxin activated phospholipase A2 was consistent with a cell-surface, Ca2+-dependent enzyme. The phospholipase A2 exhibits a degree of specificity for substrate lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acid residues which can serve as precursors for prostaglandin formation. Enzymatic activity was not inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate (5 mM), N-ethylmaleimide (5 mM) or p bromophenacylbromide (0.1 mM). Delta toxin did not activate detectable phospholipase A2 in subcellular preparations containing plasma membrane. PMID- 7213784 TI - Post-heparin lipolytic activity with no hepatic triacylglycerol lipase involved in a mammalian species. AB - It was found that lipolytic activity in bovine post-heparin plasma differed from that of other mammalian species by the fact that intravenous heparin induced the release of lipoprotein lipase but not hepatic triacylglycerol lipase. Initially, this fact was strongly suspected when no remaining lipolytic activity could be found after whole bovine post-heparin plasma had been tested with either 1 M NaCl or antiserum against lipoprotein lipase. This was further confirmed by using heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography when the entire lipolytic activity was eluted with 1.5 M NaCl but none with 0.4 or 0.7 M NaCl. The active fraction had lipoprotein lipase characteristics, i.e. it required serum activators to produce optimum activity and was fully inhibited by NaCl of high molarity and by anti lipoprotein lipase antiserum. Neither the different doses of heparin nor the various times of sampling altered the results. This raises the question whether hepatic triacylglycerol lipase is absent from the bovine liver or whether this enzyme is present but cannot be released by heparin. PMID- 7213785 TI - The composition of the skin surface lipids of the gerbil. AB - The skin surface lipids of the gerbil were found to consist sterol esters (10%), wax diesters (36.3%), triacylglycerol (26.1%), free fatty alcohols (8.8%), free fatty acids (5.4%), cholesterol (8.4%) and polar lipids (5%). The wax diesters, identified as Type II, were made up of saturated 1,2-diols with odd carbon number, esterified with two molecules of unsubstituted fatty acids with even carbon number. Both the triacylglycerols and the free fatty acid fractions had saturated and unsaturated components. The free and esterified sterols were all cholesterol. The sterol esters contained saturated monoenoic and dienoic fatty acids, with both straight- and branched-chain components. The fatty alcohols were all straight-chain in structure, mostly of even carbon number. Comparison of these results with those previously reported for other species, indicates that the gerbil skin surface lipids are unique in that they contain diacyl alkane diols and fatty alcohols, both of which consist exclusively of saturated components. PMID- 7213787 TI - The fate of cholesteryl linoleyl ether and cholesteryl linoleate in the intact rat after injection of biologically labeled human low density lipoprotein. AB - In vitro labeling of low density lipoproteins (LDL) with [7 alpha(n) 3H]cholesteryl linoleyl ether, and with [4-14C]cholesteryl linoleate was achieved by a modification of the method developed for labeling of very low density lipoproteins. [3H]Cholesteryl linoleyl ether and [14C]cholesteryl linoleate were cosonicated with partially delipidated high density lipoprotein (HDL) and the HDL was purified by centrifugation at d = 1.063. LDL was labeled by incubation of the labeled HDL in the presence of the d greater than 1.25 fraction of human plasma and reisolated at d = 1.063. The 3H/14C ratio in the labeled LDL was the same as in the HDL. The labeled LDL had the same lipid composition and ultrastructural appearance as the non-incubated LDL. After injection into rats, both labels disappeared at similar rates and the t1/2 between 1-24 h was 7.0 h. Up to 8 h after injection of labeled LDL, 94-97% of 3H and 14C radioactivity in the plasma was precipitable by heparin-manganese. 24 h after injection, 28% of the [3H]cholesteryl linoleyl ether was recovered in the liver, 6% in small intestine and 34% in the carcass, and the rest was distributed among all other organs; total recovery of 3H label was 89 +/- 3.0%. The present findings indicate that as in the rat there is no transfer of esterified cholesterol among plasma lipoproteins, LDL is catabolized by both the liver and extrahepatic tissues. PMID- 7213786 TI - Pulmonary phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Alterations in the pool sizes of choline and choline derivatives in rabbit fetal lung during development. AB - 1. Progressive changes were noted in the pool sizes of choline in fetal rabbit lung between 25 and 30 days gestation (term, 31 days) and between 30 days gestation and adult lung. The level of choline in adult lung was double the level in the fetal lung at 25 days gestation. The pool size of choline phosphate decreased 10-fold during this period while the level of CDPcholine decreased by 30%. The phosphatidylcholine content increased 3-fold during development. The major change in the relative pool sizes was a marked decrease in the ratio of choline phosphate to CDPcholine from 26:1 at 25 days gestation to 3.4:1 in adult lung. 2. No differences were detected between the uptake of [14C]choline into slices from fetal lungs at 25 days gestation or slices from adult lung. However, the ability of the adult slices to convert [14C]choline into its derivatives was 30% lower than slices from fetal lung. In addition, whereas fetal slices contained significantly more radioactivity in choline phosphate and CDPcholine, adult slices incorporated significantly more [14C]choline into phosphatidylcholine. Experiments with [3H]choline and 32Pi revealed that the 3H/32P ratio of choline phosphate in fetal or adult slices was identical to the isotopic ratio in phosphatidylcholine, indicating that under the experimental conditions, negligible radioactivity was incorporated by base-exchange. Because of the marked decrease in the pool size of choline phosphate during development, it cannot be concluded that the increase in the incorporation of radioactive choline into phosphatidylcholine is indicative of increased production of phosphatidylcholine by the de novo pathway. The results suggest that if the de novo pathway is responsible for the increase in phosphatidylcholine content, this increase is due to a change in the parameter controlling the flux through the choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase step. The results also indicate that the metabolic flux through choline phosphotransferase is also enhanced during pulmonary development. PMID- 7213789 TI - Immunochemical characterization of a 150 000 dalton human fibroblast surface glycoprotein. AB - The characterization of a human fibroblast surface glycoprotein, visualized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using rabbit antibodies against whole fibroblasts, is described. The antigen is synthesized by fibroblasts in culture and was localized both intracellularly and at the cell surface. It was highly antigenic and was detected only in human cells of mesenchymal origin. The glycoprotein occurred in two different forms with alpha 2 and beta electrophoretic mobility. The slow migrating amphiphilic beta form was localized at the cell surface and showed a single protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 150 000 in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By external papain treatment of intact viable cells, a water-soluble molecule was released with a reduced molecular weight (140 000) and an increased electrophoretic mobility as compared to the native membrane component. This hydrophilic form was also present intracellularly in fibroblasts not treated with exogeneous proteases. The observation that the detergent solubilized beta form was irreversibly converted to a more anodic form by incubation of whole cell extract at acidic pH, suggested that the intracellular protein represented a lysosomal degradation product of native internalized fibroblast surface glycoprotein. PMID- 7213788 TI - Presence of the phospholipid methylation pathway in mammalian cultured cells. AB - Stepwise N-methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine was examined by measuring incorporation of the radioactive methyl group of S adenosylmethionine into phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N,N' dimethylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine by membranes of five mammalian cultured cell lines (BHK-21 cells, Chang liver cells, PC-12 h cells, MOPC-31C cells and LM cells). The three successive methylation steps were found in all the cells studied, though the total incorporation and the distribution profile of the radioactivity among the products differed with different cells. Furthermore, increase in the amounts of phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine and phosphatidyl N,N'-dimethylethanolamine in the amine and N,N'-dimethylethanolamine, respectively, resulted in increased methylation of phospholipids. This remarkable enhancement of methylation seems to be a characteristic effect of such modification of membrane phospholipids in mammalian cultured cells. PMID- 7213790 TI - Calorimetric study of concanavalin A binding to saccharides. AB - The binding of concanavalin A in the dimer form to various saccharides has been studied by calorimetry, and estimates of the binding enthalpy and binding constants have been calculated. Methyl alpha-D-mannoside and methyl alpha-D glucoside have a -- delta H0 of 21.5 and 11.5 kJ/mol, respectively, at both pH 4 and 4.5. The p-nitrophenyl derivatives react with enthalpic values of 15.6 and 14.6 kJ/mol. The galactosepyranosides show no heat effects during mixing with the protein solutions. The apparent binding enthalpies calculated from the variations of the equilibrium constants with temperature are in good agreement with the values measured experimentally. The two binding sites of the dimer form of concanavalin A are equal and independent, and the low enthalpies obtained do not justify a large conformational change during the reaction. The binding reaction has also been estimated for other sugars normally contained in glycoproteins. PMID- 7213791 TI - Isolation of mouse transferrin using salting-out chromatography on Sepharose CL 6B. AB - A new method for the isolation of considerable quantities of mouse transferrin is described. This technique employs salting-out chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B, a new step in the preparation of plasma proteins. This step is followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and gel filtration on Sephacryl S 200. The isolated mouse transferrin was shown to be pure by immunoelectrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by the 465 nm/410 nm ratio of absorbances being 1.41. The molecular weight was determined to be about 77 500. The advantages of this procedure are that it is reproducible, gives a high recovery, and can be extended to a larger scale. The advantage over other protein purification techniques is its general utility, due to the fact that there is no need for species-specific antibodies. The application of this method offers a rapid purification of sufficient quantities of mouse transferrin essential for the elucidation of biological functions of this protein and investigations of its molecular structure. PMID- 7213792 TI - Photosensitized labeling of solvent-exposed parts of proteins. Studies on fibrinogen and the fibrinogen-fibrin conversion. AB - A new technique for surface labeling of biological structures based on dye sensitized photochemical coupling of labeled low molecular weight substances has been applied to studies on fibrinogen. When a solution of fibrinogen containing fluorescein and 3H-labeled tryptophan was illuminated with visible light, radioactive labeling of fibrinogen occurred in proportion to the illumination time. Determination of the relative labeling of the various peptide chains after reduction and separation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the following labeling pattern; alpha : beta : gamma = 2.7 : 1.0 : 1.0, suggesting that the alpha chain is relatively more exposed to solvent than the other chains. When the illumination was performed in the presence of urea the labeling pattern was changed to 1.0 : 1.9 : 1.5, showing that the labeling is sensitive to conformation. When fibrinogen was transformed to fibrin and then labeled the labeling ratio was 3.0 : 1.3 : 1.0. PMID- 7213793 TI - The conformation of angiotensin II. II. The rates of peptide NH exchange with solvent for [Asn1, Val5]angiotensin II, angiotensin III and saralasin. AB - The amide hydrogen exchange rates in H2O of two angiotensin agonists (angiotensinamide and angiotensin III) and one angiotensin antagonist (saralasin) have been measured at room temperature by the transfer of solvent saturation method. The NH of His6 is observed to exchange more slowly than predicted for all three peptides, suggesting that it is a participant in an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The NH-C alpha H 1H-NMR coupling constants are measured and found to be constant over the pH range of 5.0 to 6.5. The results are compared with those previously obtained for human angiotensin II and interpreted in terms of a dominant three-dimensional structure common to all four molecules. Two models for this structure are evaluated using the observed NH-C alpha H coupling constants and the reported activity of conformationally restrained derivatives. PMID- 7213794 TI - Hydrodynamic characterization of the heterodimer of spectrin. AB - The hydrodynamic properties of the spectrin dimer have been examined. The S20,w value of 9.3 S and the D20,w value of 1.75 x 10(-7) cm2 x s-1 yield a molecular weight of 470 000, in good agreement with the value from sedimentation equilibrium of 460 000. The frictional ratio of 2.3 and the intrinsic viscosity of 36 ml/g are not consistent with a compact, globular structure, but the value of the parameter Ks/[eta], 1.15, is not consistent with a rigid rod model. The most appropriate model, consistent also with data from other laboratories, is of a flexible, kinked rod-like molecule. PMID- 7213795 TI - A non-equilibrium state of deoxyhaemoglobin. Temperature-dependence and oxygen binding. AB - After reduction of human methaemoglobin by solvated electrons a non-equilibrium low-spin state of deoxyhaemoglobin is formed which has the characteristic haemochrome spectrum. This haemochrome state is ascribed to a weakly 6 coordinated structure of the haem, which is stabilised by the protonated distal histidine. Oxygen binding is not inhibited by the presence of the weak interaction in the haemochrome state. From the pH dependence of the biphasic behaviour of the oxygen binding a pK of about 8.8 is obtained which is ascribed to the deprotonation of the distal histidine which is in the proximity of a negative ion. A model is proposed to explain the complex spin-equilibria observed in methaemoglobin. The enthalpy of activation of the decay of the haemochrome state is about 53 kJ x mol(-1) and increases to 90 kJ x mol(-1) in the presence of 1 M methanol, indicating a strong interaction between methanol and haemoglobin. Around pH 8.4 the rate constant of the binding of oxygen to the haemochrome state is so high that it may well be diffusion controlled. PMID- 7213796 TI - A comparative structural study of apamin and related bee venom peptides. AB - Secondary structure analysis of apamin, mast cell degranulating peptide, tertiapin and secapin has been attempted, based on parameters produced by Levitt (Biochemistry (1978) 17, 4277--4285). The structural model, recently advanced for apamin, based on Chou and Fasman's parameters was confirmed. The predicted structure for mast cell degranulating peptide is almost spherical with the eight positive centres evenly distributed over the surface. On the basis of this analysis and related spectroscopic evidence, it is suggested that these four peptides share a common folding pattern, which is centered on a beta-turn covalently linked to an alpha-helical segment by two disulphide links (one disulphide link in the case of secapin). It is further suggested that apamin, mast cell degranulating peptide and tertiapin form a single molecular class. PMID- 7213797 TI - Sequence of a phosphorylation site in nucleolar protein B23. AB - The sites of phosphorylation in protein B23, a silver-staining preribosomal ribonucleoprotein particle protein, were analyzed by tryptic peptide mapping. Three 32P peptides were found using in vitro labeling of nucleoli. An additional unlabeled phosphopeptide was identified by amino acid analysis. The sequence of the latter was Asp-Thr(P)-Pro-Ala-Lys. These results suggest that protein B23 contains one class of site labeled rapidly in vitro and another type of site phosphorylated only in vivo. PMID- 7213798 TI - Spectral evidence for distinct mode of interaction of nucleotides with rabbit muscle and rabbit liver aldolase. AB - Ultraviolet difference spectra produced by the binding of mononucleotides and phosphates to rabbit aldolase A and B were analyzed. Both isozymes exhibit a distinct mode of interaction with the ligands. The binding seems to be based on multipoint interaction of nucleotides with each aldolase, indicating the existence of specific nucleotide binding domains in both proteins. PMID- 7213799 TI - Subunit structure and dissociation of Callinectes sapidus hemocyanin. AB - The hemocyanin of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus has two major components sedimenting with approximate sedimentation coefficients of 17 S and 25 S. Molecular weight data based on light scattering and sedimentation equilibrium measurements at pH 7.8 suggest that the two components have molecular weights of approximately 450 000 and 900 000 in the presence of stabilizing Ca2+. In the absence of Ca2+, the molecular weights are found to be about 5% lower, suggesting some dissociation of the hemocyanin components. Circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion measurements in the far-ultraviolet region gave nearly identical spectra for the two components. Based on the reference parameters of Chen et al. (Chen, Y.H., Yang, J.T. and Martinez, H.M. (1972) Biochemistry 11, 4120--4131 and Chen, Y.H., Yang, J.T. and Chan, K.H. (1974) Biochemistry 13, 3340 -3359), estimates of 16--20% alpha-helix, 40--60% beta-structure, and 30--40% random organization were obtained for the two hemocyanin components. Exposure to 6 M Gdn HCl gave light scattering molecular weights of approx. 68 000 and 77 000, which is close to one-sixth of the molecular weight of the 17 S component. These results support the view that the two components of C. sapidus hemocyanin share the hexameric and dodecameric organization common to arthropod hemocyanins. The salts of the Hofmeister series and the ureas are found to dissociate the dodecameric component with the former exhibiting the usual order of effectiveness of NaCl, NaBr, NaI, and NaClO4 dissociation, while the ureas show an inverse order of decreasing effectiveness in going from urea to methyl-, ethyl- and propylurea. This suggests that polar and ionic interactions are relatively more important than hydrophobic interactions for the stabilization of the dodecameric form of C. sapidus hemocyanin. The dissociation behavior of the 17 S hexameric species by GdnHCl in the 0--1.5 M concentration region (where essentially no denaturation occurs), based on light scattering molecular-weight measurements, is satisfactorily accounted for by equations describing the dissociation of hexamers to monomers. PMID- 7213800 TI - Colchicine binding in the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta. AB - A fraction with enriched colchicine-binding properties prepared from Hymenolepis diminuta was found to possess many of the properties of tubulin isolated from other sources. Colchicine was bound by a simple saturable process with a dissociation constant of 13.2 microM. The binding capability decayed with a half life of about 5 h. Binding was unaffected by lumicolchicine, was competitively inhibited by podophyllotoxin (inhibition constant of 4.8 microM) and showed an apparent stimulation by vinblastine sulphate. Sodium chloride also appeared to stimulate the binding process. The ligand/receptor complex had a molecular weight of approx. 112 000 as determined by gel filtration. On the basis of this biochemical and pharmacological evidence it was concluded that the colchicine receptor in the supernatant fraction of the H. diminuta homogenate was almost certainly tubulin. Refinement of the preparation should facilitate further studies on the mode of action of certain types of anthelmintic compound. PMID- 7213801 TI - Calorimetric study of manganese binding to concanavalin A. AB - The reaction of concanavalin A with Mn2+ has been studied calorimetrically. The binding enthalpy was measured at two different temperatures, 25 and 30 degrees C, in 10(-3) M acetate buffer; it was found to be constant between pH 4.0 and 5.0, delta H250 = 95 kJ/mol and delta H300 = 65 kJ/mol, respectively. The two S1 binding sites are identical and independent. Experiments at pH 5.6 are distorted by the heat of aggregation, which is several times higher than the heat of binding. Aggregation was demonstrated by spectrophotometric experiments and by light scattering. The presence of Mn2+ increases the stability of the protein molecule. PMID- 7213803 TI - Structural analysis of human hemoglobin variants with field desorption mass spectrometry. AB - Tryptic hydrolyzates of normal and abnormal human globin chains were analyzed with mass spectrometry, using field desorption ionization technique. All the peptides, including core peptides, were detected as protonated molecular ions in field desorption mass spectra. Since the technique makes it possible to determine the mass number of each peptide, it is very useful for structural analysis of human hemoglobin variants, even those with electrophoretically and chromatographically silent mutations. PMID- 7213804 TI - Studies on lens proteins of mice with hereditary cataract. I. Comparative studies on the chemical and immunochemical properties of the soluble proteins of cataractous and normal mouse lenses. AB - Total soluble and insoluble proteins of the lens were similar in normal and hereditary cataractous mice up to 1 week of age. Thereafter, the normal mouse lens showed a continued increase in weight and protein content until 500 days of age. In cataractous mice, while the total protein content increased up to 60 days and reached a plateau, the soluble protein content declined dramatically from day 22 to day 60, and then the rate of decrease remained constant up to 500 days. At different ages, the soluble proteins were separated by gel filtration into the high molecular weight proteins, alpha-, beta- and gamma-crystallin fractions. All of these showed an age-related increase in the normal lens, and the relative values of alpha- and beta-crystallins increased for a 410-day period. On the other hand, in the cataractous process, the high molecular weight protein increased, and alpha-, beta- and gamma-crystallins decreased: the degree was especially marked in gamma-crystallin. Immunochemical studies indicated that the aggregation of beta-crystallin occurred much earlier in the cataractous lens than in the normal. Analysis of the amino acid composition and ultraviolet absorption spectra revealed no significant chemical differences between the crystallins of the normal and the cataractous lens. PMID- 7213802 TI - Isolation and partial structural characterization of chicken pancreatic colipase. AB - Colipase has been isolated from acidic extracts of chicken pancreatic tissue homogenized with Triton X-100. The cofactor fully activates bile salt inhibited mammalian lipases. The amino terminal sequence of the avian protein has been determined up to position 39 and compared to the homologous region of the mammalian colipases (pig, horse, man) previously studied. From this comparison, it appears that a high degree of homology exists between the proteins. PMID- 7213805 TI - Major proteins secreted by the epididymis of Lacerta vivipara. Identification by electrophoresis of soluble proteins. AB - During their period of activity, epithelial cells of the lizard epididymis produce secretory granules containing highly insoluble central cores of protein nature (protein H). After centrifugation of the epididymal fluid at 15 000 X g, major soluble proteins were separated in the supernatant by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These proteins were labelled by repeated injections of [3H]leucine into animals. In cylindrical gel electrophoreses, labelled proteins migrated as a single band towards the anode in the presence of SDS, and as two separate bands without SDS. The fastest component obtained in non-denaturing conditions was designated protein L. In two-dimensional gel electrophoreses, the two bands separated in the first dimension both migrated to the same position in the second dimension with SDS. Consequently it may be assumed that protein L is a monomer (molecular weight about 16 000-20 000) able to aggregate into polymers which can be dissociated with SDS. It was proved by hemicastration experiments that these soluble proteins did not originate from the testis. In addition, they were detected after short incubation of epididymal tissues in the presence of [3H]leucine. It is concluded that these proteins are elaborated by epithelial cells of the epididymis and discharged into the lumen. A possible role in the physiology of spermatozoa is briefly discussed. PMID- 7213806 TI - Purification and characterization of rabbit haptocorrin. AB - Rabbit haptocorrin (R-binder) has been purified from serum by affinity chromatography on cobalamin-Sepharose and Blue Sepharose. It proved to be a protein with a relative molecular mass of 60 000 and an amino acid content very similar to that of other haptocorrins (Nexo, E. and Olesen, H. (1981) in B12 (Dolphin, D., ed.), Wiley Interscience, New York/London, in the press). The pH optimum (pH 6-9) for binding of cyanocobalamin and the affinity to dicyanocobinamide were like those of human and hog haptocorrins. In spectral studies, the extinction coefficient of cyanocobalamin at 363 nm (gamma 1-band) increased by about 16% on binding to rabbit haptocorrin. Binding of azidocobalamin gave spectra changes similar to those for binding to rabbit transcobalamin. PMID- 7213809 TI - Purification of multiple pea ferredoxins by chromatography at high ionic strength on unsubstituted Sepharose 4B. AB - At high concentrations of ammonium sulfate (3--4 M) pea ferredoxin (which is soluble under these conditions) can be adsorbed to Sepharose 4B, either by column chromatography or by batchwise treatment. A reverse (3 M to 1 M) ammonium sulfate gradient results in the elution of three peaks of ferredoxin. The spectral ratio A420/A280 of 0.47--0.54 indicates that each peak of ferredoxin is highly purified by this single step. A further gel filtration removes residual high molecular weight contaminants from the ferredoxin. The spectrum of the purified pea ferredoxin is typical of other plant ferredoxins in having absorbance peaks at 276 nm, 330 nm, 422 nm and 465 nm. Other chromatographic matrices are capable of adsorbing ferredoxin. Sepharose and Sephacryl wee the best adsorbents while Sephadex and cellulose adsorbed ferredoxin less tenaciously. The polyacrylamide based resins Biogel P-4 and P-200 did not adsorb ferredoxin at high ionic strength. PMID- 7213810 TI - Amino acid sequence of a peptide containing an essential cysteine residue of pig heart aconitase. AB - Pig heart aconitase reacts with one mole of phenacyl bromide per molecule to give complete inactivation due to the alkylation of a cysteine reside at the active site. A tryptic peptide containing this essential residue has been isolated and its amino acid sequence determined at Ile-Gln-Leu-Leu-Cys *-Pro-Leu-Leu-Asn-Gln Phe-Asp-Lys by manual methods and by the use of an automated solid phase sequencer. There is a limited similarity in amino acid sequence between this peptide and other peptides containing the cysteine residues involved in the binding of the iron-sulfur clusters of high-potential iron-sulfur protein of Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa and rubredoxins from various bacteria. PMID- 7213807 TI - A characterization of abrin A from the seeds of the Abrus precatorius plant. AB - Abrin A was purified from the seeds of the Abrus precatorius plant and its physical and biological properties were studied. The biological properties of abrin A were found to be similar to the better studied Abrus protein, abrin C, in that it is toxic to cell-free protein synthesis and binds D-galactose. Abrin A contains carbohydrate moieties including both neutral and amine sugars but no metals, similar to the other two Abrus proteins (abrin C and the Abrus agglutinin). Amino acid compositions of the subunits of abrin A indicated that it consists of two different subunits of comparable size. Furthermore, one of the subunits showed microheterogeneity suggesting that abrin A is a mixture of isolectins. A comparative study of abrin A and abrin C based on compositions and tryptic maps reveals them to be closely related. The evidence suggests that the two abrins may have the same mechanisms of toxic action. Far-ultraviolet circular dichroic studies of abrin A show it to contain 47% beta-pleated sheet and 10% alpha-helix, again similar to the other two Abrus proteins. PMID- 7213808 TI - Studies on the structure of aldolase A from chicken muscle. AB - S-Carboxymethylated chicken muscle aldolase was treated with cyanogen bromide to cleave the 4 methionyl bonds per subunit. Five homogeneous fractions were obtained designated fragments I-V. Fragment I was derived from the N-terminus and fragment II from the C-terminus of the enzyme. Reduction of the enzyme with NaB3H4 in the presence of dihydroxyacetone phosphate decreases the enzymatic activity by 90%. Fragment III contained the Schiff base-forming lysine residue since more than 83% of the radioactivity introduced by NaB3H4 reduction of aldolase-dihydroxyacetone phosphate was found in this fraction. A tryptic peptide of 27 amino acid residues containing the substrate-binding site was isolated. The gross molecular structure of aldolase A from chicken muscle indicates a high degree of homology with mammalian muscle aldolases. PMID- 7213812 TI - Induction of drug-metabolizing systems and related enzymes with metabolites and structural analogues of stilbene. AB - trans-Stilbene oxide has been found to be a new type of inducer of drug metabolizing systems. In order to identify the true inducer and to determine the structural requirements for induction, rats were treated with metabolites and structural analogues of stilbene. Subsequently, hepatic levels of cytochrome P 450, microsomal epoxide hydrolase, and cytoplasmic glutathione S-transferase were assayed. All three enzymes were induced by cis- and trans-stilbene and cis- and trans-stilbene oxide. In addition, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S transferase activities were induced by benzoin and benzil. In contrast, the diols and benzoic acid had little, if any, effect. The main conclusions drawn from these findings are that: (1) trans-stilbene oxide itself seems to be the inducer of drug-metabolizing enzymes; and (2) benzil is more selective as an inducer of epoxide hydrolase than is trans-stilbene oxide. Attempts to induce epoxide hydrolase with other structural analogues of stilbene led to the following conclusions: (1) two phenyl rings are required for induction; (2) the induction is not as great if the rings are substituted or one of the ring carbon atoms is replaced by a nitrogen; (3) a carbon bridge between the phenyl groups generally results in a greater induction, especially if the bridge contains an epoxy group or one or two keto groups. PMID- 7213813 TI - Influence of ionic strength and pH on the interaction between high-affinity heparin and antithrombin. AB - Binding constants for the binding of high-affinity heparin to antithrombin at different ionic strengths were determined by fluorescence titrations and were also estimated from dissociation curves of the heparin-antithrombin complex. These curves were monitored by near-ultraviolet circular dichroism or fluorescence. The dependence of the binding constant on the activity of NaCl suggested that maximally 5-6 charged groups are directly involved in the interaction between the two macromolecules. Major pH-dependent changes of the interaction, as evident by changes of the spectroscopic properties of the complex between the molecules, were found to occur below pH 5.5 and above pH 8.5. The acid change, which was irreversible, was most likely caused by an irreversible conformational change of antithrombin. At alkaline pH, however, the gross conformation of antithrombin was stable up to pH 12, while the at pH 8.5. The dissociation curve, which was reversible, had a midpoint around pH 9.5. This is compatible with the loss of affinity being caused by either a local conformational change, by ionization of tyrosine or by titration of one or more amino groups. PMID- 7213811 TI - Arginase, an S-phase enzyme in a human cell line. AB - Suspension cultures of 'Chang liver' cells were synchronized by preincubation in a glutamine-deficient medium or by thymidine blockade. Specific arginase activity varied in the synchronized cultures, being high when the number of S-phase cells was maximal. A relationship between high arginase activity and a high percentage of (S + G2) cells was also found when unsynchronized cells were separated by velocity sedimentation. The increase in arginase activity near the G2/S border was totally inhibited in the presence of cycloheximide. The rate of decrease in activity after addition of the drug indicated that the variations in arginase activity during the mitotic cycle were the result of variations in the rate of synthesis of the enzyme, while the rate of degradation was more or less constant, corresponding to 4--6% per h. The role of arginase in cells lacking a urea cycle and the regulation of arginase activity in 'Chang liver' cells is discussed. PMID- 7213814 TI - Activation of pigeon erythrocyte adenylate cyclase by cholera toxin. Partial purification of an essential macromolecular factor from horse erythrocyte cytosol. AB - A cytosolic, macromolecular factor required for the cholera toxin-dependent activation of pigeon erythrocyte adenylate cyclase and cholera toxin-dependent ADP-ribosylation of a membrane-bound 43,000 dalton polypeptide has been purified 1100-fold from horse erythrocyte cytosol using organic solvent precipitation and heat treatment. This factor, 13,000 daltons, does not absorb to anionic or cationic exchange resins, is sensitive to trypsin or 10% trichloroacetic acid and is not extractable by diethyl ether. Activation of adenylate cyclase by cholera toxin requires the simultaneous presence of ATP (including possible trace GTP), NAD+, dithiothreitol, cholera toxin, membranes and the cytosolic macromolecular factor. Reversal of cholera toxin activation of adenylate cyclase, and of the toxin-dependent ADP-ribosylation, requires the presence of the cytosolic factor. The ability of the purified cytosolic factor to influence the hormonal sensitivity of liver membrane adenylate cyclase may provide clues to its physiological functions. PMID- 7213815 TI - Association of glycoproteins and pepsinogen in the secretory granules of fundic epithelial cells isolated from guinea pig stomach. AB - Epithelial cells were isolated from the fundic portion of the guinea pig stomach. Cells were separated by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity in a Ficoll 70 gradient and pooled in three fractions. By morphological and biochemical criteria, each fraction was characterized as a population highly enriched in one of the three main functional types: oxyntic cell; chief cell and mucus-secreting cell. Measure of the pepsinogen content and specific stainings of the secretory granules for light and electron microscopy led to the definition of two types of mucus-secreting cells in nearly equal quantity: mucous cells with smaller secretory granules entirely glycoproteic in nature and muco-peptic cells containing larger heterogeneous secretory granules. These granules were made of a proteic core containing pepsinogen surrounded by a thin membrane and a voluminous cap, both containing carbohydrates. The cap appeared as if built of orderly packed layers of glycoproteins. Secretory granules of chief cells were also surrounded by a membrane containing glycoproteins and occasionally a small glycoproteic cap. Pepsinogen content was estimated to be three times higher in a single chief cell than in a muco-peptic cell. PMID- 7213816 TI - Elastin metabolism in rodent lung. AB - Data from the in vivo incorporation of [3H]valine into fractions of elastin obtained from rat or mouse lung suggest that postnatal lung elastin synthesis occurs predominantly in the first 1 to 2 weeks of life. Very little [3H]valine was incorporated into lung elastin obtained from adult animals. When lung elastin from neonatal mice was radiochemically labelled with [14C]lysine as a single pulse, it was observed that the specific activity of the elastin expressed as the total dpm values as 14C per mg was not significantly altered over a 6 month period. Elastin appears to turn over very slowly in mouse lung with half-life best estimated in years. PMID- 7213817 TI - Transfer of high-energy phosphate in bovine rod outer segments. A nucleotide buffer system. AB - The nucleotide requirement for the recycling of NADPH, necessary in rod outer segment cytoplasm for the reduction of the chromophore upon bleaching, has been investigated. It is found that the latter process specifically requires ATP. Using this specificity the pathways have been investigated, by which in the rod outer segment cytoplasm ATP is resynthesized from other high-energy phosphate donors. It is found that enzyme activities are present, which can rapidly reshuffle the high-energy phosphate groups between the various adenine and guanine nucleotides as well as from creatine phosphate. These phosphate transfers may occur so rapidly that light-induced changes in nucleotide concentrations could easily be a delusive criterion for the enzymatic process underlying these changes. PMID- 7213818 TI - Effect of reduced vitamin K esters on vitamin K-dependent carboxylation. AB - The hypothesis of a vitamin K hydroquinone hemicarbonate as intermediate of vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of glutamic residues, has been examined, by testing several vitamin K hydroquinone esters as inhibitors of the reaction. Among the esters that have been synthetized, a monoacetate proved to be an inhibitor. Kinetic analysis shows that the inhibition is no competitive with respect to vitamin K. PMID- 7213819 TI - Long-term turnover of cadmium metallothionein in liver and kidney following a single low dose of cadmium in rats. AB - Rats were injected subcutaneously on two consecutive days with CdCl2, and sampled animals, killed at monthly intervals from 1 to 6 months thereafter, exhibited the presence of Cd,Zn-thionein in both the liver and kidney. At 6 months, hepatic thionein was present as the two major polymorphic forms previously demonstrated in short term Cd-injection studies. [35S]cysteine incorporation studies showed that both polymorphic forms of thionein underwent continual turnover at similar rates throughout th study. The slow hepatic and renal turnover of Cd, therefore, was not due to a highly stable form of Cd-thionein, but apparently due to an inefficient mechanism for excretion of Cd from these tissues. The Cd/Zn ratio of hepatic thionein remained relatively constant, suggesting that continual thionein induction results in a long-term hepatic trapping of Zn by thionein, but the ratio of renal thionein showed a marked increase during the course of the study. PMID- 7213820 TI - Stimulation of endogenous proteolysis in macrophages exposed to sporulating bacteria. AB - The relationship between degradation of endogenous macrophage protein and exposure to bacteria at various stages of sporulation was studied. Rabbit pulmonary macrophages were obtained by lavage, attached to plastic tissue culture dishes, and prelabeled with [14C]- or [3H]-phenylalanine for 1 or 20 h, respectively. Bacillus licheniformis (ATCC 14580) was grown in Bacto Marine Broth until at least 50% of the bacilli contained refractile spores (19 h), washed and lyophilized. The lyophilized bacilli were washed, counted and applied for 1.5 h to the washed prelabeled macrophages at a ratio of 300 bacteria/macrophage. Rates of degradation of both rapidly and slowly turning over proteins were increased. The effect was no mediated by soluble components of te incubation medium. Free spores, vegetative cells and autoclaved sporulating bacilli did not affect rates of proteolysis. We propose that proteases from the lyophilized sporulating bacilli participate in endogenous macrophage protein degradation following engulfment. PMID- 7213822 TI - The production and generalization of large-magnitude heart rate deceleration by contingently faded biofeedback. AB - Eight subjects were taught to decrease their heart rates via biofeedback training. Four of these received contingently faded, beat-by-beat analogue feedback and contingent reinforcement each time their performance met a specified and adjusting criterion. The other four received continuous, beat-by-beat analogue feedback, but not the contingent reinforcement. Subjects in the two groups were yoked to ensure equal densities of reinforcement. Subjects in the first group were asked to decrease heart rates 15% from baseline and were then trained using only 75%, 50% and 25% of beat-by-beat feedback. It was hypothesized that the immediate reinforcement of appropriate behavior and the contingent fading (following mastery) of feedback would aid in the generalization of the response. Following completion of all criterion steps or 10 training sessions, whichever came first, all subjects were tested with no feedback and no contingent reinforcement. The group receiving contingently faded feedback training showed a significantly greater heart rate decrease in the training sessions and also the test session. These results were interpreted as indicating that biofeedback can be conceptualized as an operant conditioning paradigm, and that the use of operant techniques may help subjects produce clinically significant changes. PMID- 7213825 TI - High arousal can be pleasant and exciting. The theory of psychological reversals. PMID- 7213823 TI - Instructed heart rate control. Effects of varying feedback frequency and timing. AB - Forty subjects participated in an experiment designed to test the effects of different feedback displays on instructed heart rate speeding and slowing. One group of subjects received information about interpulse interval length every beat. This display included specific information about when systole occurred, in addition to information about performance relative to a criterion. Two other groups received similar information about performance, but their displays were not triggered by systole; rather, information about average interpulse interval was presented either every second or every 6 seconds. A fourth group of subjects participated in a perceptual motor task in which no instructions were given to control heart rate. Results indicated that the instructed subjects generated significantly greater heart rate speeding than slowing. Groups receiving feedback produced greater changes when compared to the control group only during the speeding sessions. No differences among feedback groups were present in the slowing task. During speeding, the 1-second group's performance deteriorated dramatically in the second session. The results suggested that, in the context of a feedback task, it is information about the occurrence of systole that facilitates heart rate speeding. Real-time displays are less facilitating of heart rate change and may disrupt speeding performance when information is presented at certain "critical" frequencies. Slowing performance was again shown to be unrelated to information frequency or reinforcement rate. PMID- 7213821 TI - The uptake of distearoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes by rat intestinal sacs in vitro. AB - The uptake of free and liposome-entrapped 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone was measured in an intestinal sac preparation from adult rats. At an equal concentration of 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone, the rate of uptake of the liposome-entrapped macromolecule by the tissue was over 4-times that of the free macromolecule. The quantity of 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone present in the serosal fluid of gut sacs, cultured for 2 h, was 1.8-times greater when the macromolecule was entrapped in liposomes than when it was free in the culture medium. When gut sacs were cultured with liposome-entrapped macromolecule, approx. 50% of the total 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone present in the serosal fluid was associated with a 100 000 X g liposomal pellet. PMID- 7213824 TI - Biofeedback-based stress management training with a population of business managers. AB - A biofeedback-based stress management training program was experimentally evaluated using populations of middle-level managers from a large corporation. The training program, once-weekly 1-hour sessions for 6 weeks, combined frontal and other site EMG biofeedback, progressive relaxation and breathing exercises, cognitive stress management, and generalization techniques. Control groups participated in either the assessment procedures only or the assessment procedures and six once-weekly discussions of stress and the job on both an individual (two sessions) and group (four sessions) basis. Significant effects were found in self-report measures, state and trait anxiety, experience of stress; in physiological measures, basal frontal EMG and frontal EMG during recovery from stress, and finger temperature; and in ratings of overall job performance. However, no consistent advantage for the training group or either control group was found. Several possible explanations for the failure of the biofeedback-based stress management training condition to achieve a consistent advantage over the control conditions are presented. PMID- 7213827 TI - [Interaction of indoleamines with serotonergic receptors of brain synaptosomes]. AB - A procedure involving gel-filtration was used to study the binding of serotonin and tryptamine to the post-synaptic serotoninergic receptors of mouse brain synaptosomes. It was shown that the serotoninergic receptors bind tryptamine to a larger extent than serotonin--6,50 +/- 0,17 and 3,70 +/- 0,07 nmol/mg of protein, respectively. There is a direct correlation between the rate of tryptamine binding to the receptors and the protein content in synaptosomal preparations within the interval of 0,3-1,25 mg. The optimal binding of tryptamine to the receptors occurs at pH 10,1. The shift in pH to the acidic region sharply decreases the rate of binding. An increase in the ionic strength of the medium causes a decrease of tryptamine binding to the receptors, which suggests a participation of electrostatic forces in the interaction of indolamines with serotoninergic receptors. PMID- 7213826 TI - [Causative factor of Ca2+ transport reduction by sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments under the action of acetylcholine]. AB - The uncoupling of Ca2+ uptake and ATP hydrolysis by acetylcholine (ACh) and choline has been demonstrated on fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) isolated from femoral muscles of Rana ridibunda. The uncoupling depends on the content of oxalate in the incubation medium. An increase in the Ca/ATP ratio caused by serum albumin observed at low oxalate concentrations is indicative of participation of free fatty acids in the uncoupling effect of ACh and choline. The effects of ACh and choline are especially well-pronounced in the case of FSR preparations pretreated with a fatty acid. ACh and choline have no effect on FSR from femoral muscles of Rana temporaria at all oxalate concentrations studied, which may be due to the absence of free fatty acids in these preparations. A pronounced uncoupling effect of ACh is observed after FSR incubation with a fatty acid; the activity of choline is pronounced in a much lesser degree. It is concluded that a decrease in the Ca/ATP ratio in the presence of ACh is due to the enhancement of the uncoupling effects of endogenous free fatty acids. PMID- 7213828 TI - [Determination of half-life time for the key enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway--glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase]. AB - Using hormonal induction by thyroxin, the half-life time and the rate constants for the synthesis and degradation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase were determined. It was shown that the mechanisms of activation of these enzymes by thyroxin are different. Under hyperthyrosis an increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is induced by a decrease (2-fold) of the degradation rate constant; the rate constant of synthesis is not changed thereby, while the half-life time for the enzyme increases 2-fold. The activation of transketolase in this case can be accounted for by an almost 1,5-fold increase in the rate of the enzyme synthesis, whereas the degradation rate constant and the half-life time of the enzyme remain practically unchanged. PMID- 7213829 TI - [Kinetic properties of alkaline ribonuclease from rat brain]. AB - The rate of hydrolysis of polymeric yeast RNA by highly purified preparation of alkaline RNAse from the post-mitochondrial cellular fraction from the large hemispheres of rat brain was studied. It was shown that the reaction rate is maximal at the substrate concentration of 1-2 mg/ml. The curve of the reaction rate versus substrate concentration was found to be S-shaped. The value of S0,5 was equal to 0,138 mg/ml. The inhibition of alkaline RNAse by its specific protein inhibitor was of a non-competitive type. PMID- 7213830 TI - [Mechanism of inhibition of fibrin polymerization by fibrinogen and its active fragments]. AB - The specific inhibition of fibrin monomer polymerization by fibrinogen and some of its degradation products shows an unusual concentration dependence. Namely, in a certain region of the inhibitor concentration scale the slope of the activity curve increases considerably with an increase in concentration to reach a high constant steepness. This peculiar relationship indicates that the mechanism of inhibition is rather complicated. It has been assumed that this mechanism includes two steps: the first, preliminary step can presumably consist in an inhibitor induced transformation of fibrin (monomer or rather intermediate polymers), while the second one--a competitively inhibiting complex formation. At low inhibitor concentrations the rate of fibrin transformation is slow and limits the delay in clotting. At higher concentrations the modification is progressively accelerated and its rate gradually ceases, influencing the extent of the inhibition. The second stage, with its linear concentration dependence, becomes therefore exclusively rate-limiting. A kinetic analysis revealed that three molecules of the inhibitor are involved in the fibrin modification act. The theoretical curve obtained on the basis of the two-step model was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. PMID- 7213831 TI - [Determination of the degree of ribosomal genes conservativity in some invertebrate species]. AB - DNA-RNA hybridization was used to determine the degree of similarity of ribosomal genes in some invertebrate species. The degree of similarity of the nucleotide sequences of the ribosomal genes in various classes of Echinodermata appeared to be the same as in different invertebrate types. The base sequence mismatch in hybrid rRNA-DNA molecules did not exceed 10%, even when species from different invertebrate types were compared. The results obtained suggest that the changes in common rRNA structures occurred at a very low rate in the course of a long time period (more than 600 million years). PMID- 7213833 TI - [Integration of plasmid pPL 7065 into chromosome of Bac. pumilis]. AB - Hybridization of tritium-labelled plasmid 7065 with total DNA of several Bac. pumilis strains differing in the degree of spore-formation showed that strain 7065-k contains the plasmid in an integral state. PMID- 7213832 TI - [Maturing of ribosomal RNAs in rat thymus cells]. AB - The peculiarities of maturing of ribosomal RNAs in rat thymus cells were studied. It was found that the rRNA precursors (45s, 41s and 32s) are weakly extractable from the thymocytes at 45 degrees and are predominantly accumulated in the RNA 650 fraction. It was also shown that part of newly synthesized molecules of 18s RNA are broken down in the course of processing. The data obtained confirm the previously made assumption that degradation of some rRNAs in the course of maturing represents a mechanism of maintenance of a constant number of ribosomes in the cell. PMID- 7213834 TI - [Purification and properties of levansucrase of Gluconobacter oxydans L-1]. AB - Levansucrase of G. oxydans L-1 which catalyzes the synthesis of the polysaccharide levan from the fructofuranosyl residues of sucrose has been isolated from the culture fluid and purified by chromatography on hydroxyapatite and gel-filtration on Sephadex G-100. The molecular weight of levansucrase as measured by DS-Na polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is about 58000. The enzyme contains 25.86% of acidic amino acids, 13.74% of basic amino acids and 12.77% of aromatic amino acids. No cystine or cysteine residues were detected in the acid hydrolysate. The UV-absorption spectrum of the purified protein has a maximum at 280 nm and a minimum at 254 nm. The kinetic data suggest that levansucrase catalyzes levan formation, sucrose hydrolysis and sucrose glycosyl-free glucose exchange reactions. The initial rates of liberation of labelled glucose and labelled fructose during transfructosylation have been determined. Low molecular weight levans accelerate the rate of the polysaccharide formation and increase the ratio of the formed levan to free fructose. PMID- 7213835 TI - [Synthesis of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in synchronized cells of Ehrlich tumor]. PMID- 7213838 TI - [Changes in buoyant density of planarian mitochondria under starvation and nutrition]. AB - The changes in buoyant density of mitochondria during starvation and nutrition of planaria have been revealed. The buoyant density of mitochondria decreases during starvation and reversibly increases under nutrition. The decrease of the buoyant density of planarian mitochondria under starvation is probably due to a decrease in the level of synthesis of mitochondrial protein. PMID- 7213839 TI - [Interaction of cholesterol with apoprotein E - an arginine-rich protein of very low density lipoproteins]. AB - Apoprotein E was isolated from delipidated lipoproteins of very low density obtained from blood plasma of rabbits with experimental hypercholesterinemia. The protein, whose molecular weight is 45000, produces a single hand during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and contains 10% of arginine. The formation of an apoprotein E -- cholesterol complex and participation of guanidine groups of guanidine groups of arginine residues of apoprotein E in cholesterol binding have been postulated. PMID- 7213836 TI - [New ultrasonic method for studying the composition and properties of multienzyme systems: enzymes of the cellulase complex]. AB - A new ultrasonic method for determination of the composition and properties of individual components of multienzyme systems without their resolution has been developed. The method is based on a determination of the pH-profiles of the first order rate constants for inactivation of the enzymatic components in a complex by ultrasonic cavitation. The method was used for studying a cellulase complex from Geotrichum candidum. It was shown that the cellulase complex contains at least four cellulolytic enzymes, i. e. endoglucanase, exoglucosidase, cellobiase and aryl-beta-glucosidase, which differ in their pK values for the ionogenic groups controlling the pH-profiles of ultrasonic inactivation and in the inactivation rate constants at the plateau of a pH-rate profile. PMID- 7213837 TI - [Affinity chromatography of menadione reductase]. AB - The preparation of affinity adsorbents for menadione reductase (EC 1.6.99.2), using CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B and activated CH-Sepharose 4B, is described. The adsorbents used are the sepharoses modified by 4-anilino-5 methoxybenzoquinone-1,2. Bound menadione reductase is specifically eluted with NAD(P)H, while NAD(P) has no effect on the enzyme. The enzyme yield of 83--95% and a 102-fold purification are achieved. Disc-electrophoresis reveals one protein fraction identified with menadione reductase and a separate inactive fraction. It is assumed that the specific binding of menadione reductase to the adsorbent is due to the formation of a complex between the oxidized enzyme and the quinone. This complex breaks down in the presence of NAD(P)H. PMID- 7213840 TI - [Biosynthesis of collagen in a cell-free system from wheat germ on poly(A)-RNA isolated from membrane-bound polyribosomes of chicken embryos]. AB - The total protein-synthesizing and collagen-synthesizing activities of poly(A) containing RNA from the membrane-bound polyribosomes of chicken embryos were studied under various conditions in a cell-free wheat germ system. The optimal concentrations of poly(A)-RNA, mono- and bivalent cations and spermine necessary for the translation of collagen and non-collagen proteins were determined. It was shown that within a wide range of K+ and Mg2+ concentrations in a cell-free system the poly(A)-RNAs studied are very actively involved in the translation of non-collagen proteins. At the same time the bacterial collagenase-cleavable polypeptides synthesized on poly(A)-RNA from the membrane-bound polyribosomes were identified only after addition of polyamine -- spermine (40 mk/M) to the system. In this case the relative level of collagen polypeptide synthesis remains constant within a wide range of concentrations of mRNA, K+ and Mg2+ in the system. Collagen-synthesizing activity of poly(A)-RNA from membrane-bound polyribosomes in a heterologous cell-free system as compared to that of membrane bound polyribosomes in a homologous system showed that these polyribosomes can be effectively used for isolation of collagen mRNA. PMID- 7213841 TI - [DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from loach embryos. General characteristics of cell-free RNA-synthesizing systems of different complexities]. AB - The RNA-polymerase activity was solubilized and partially purified from embryo homogenates and from the nuclei and cytoplasm of developing loach (Misgurnus fossilis) embryos. In all preparations studied the two main forms of RNA polymerase, i. e. form I responsible for rRNA synthesis and form II responsible for DNA-like RNA synthesis, were detected. The effects of various ions, ionic strength and alpha-amanitine on the activities of these two forms of RNA polymerases in cell-free systems of different complexities were studied. The conditions for differential manifestation of activities of forms I and II in isolated embryo nuclei were found. It was demonstrated that the alpha-amanitine test is not a universal one for determination of RNA-polymerase I and II ratios in non-purified enzyme systems. PMID- 7213842 TI - [Similarity of non-histone proteins of chromatin from the differentiation zone of pea root and stem. Lack of pronounced organ specificity]. AB - The properties of individual fractions of non-histone proteins of chromatin from the differentiation zone of pea root and stem were compared. The total preparation of non-histone proteins were fractionated by a step-wise elution of NaCl on DEAE-cellulose. Their amino acid content and N-terminal groups were determined. The electrophoretic mobility of the protein zones were studied, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Na-SDS. Similar chromatographical fractions of hon-histone proteins from the differentiation zone of pea root and stem had a similar amino acid composition and electrophoretic mobility of the protein zones and identical N-terminal groups. The data obtained suggest that the nonhistone proteins of chromatin from different tissues contain a relatively small amount of proteins with a very similar or identical primary structure and that their diversity in a number of studies is due to their phosphorylation, acetylation and amidation. PMID- 7213843 TI - [Structure of gangliosides of normal and leukemic bovine blood lymphocytes]. AB - The structure of main gangliosides from normal and leukemic bovine blood lymphocytes was established. N-Glycoloylhematoside and a ganglioside containing N glycoloylneuraminic acid and an oligosaccharide chain identical to that of erythrocyte sialosylparagloboside were found to be present both in normal and in leukemic bovine blood lymphocytes. In addition, the leukemic lymphocytes contained a ganglioside identical to N-acetylneuraminosylparagloboside and at least two disialosyllactosylceramides containing N-acetyl- and N glycoloylneuraminic acids. It was assumed that lymphocyte maturation is accompanied by a loss of disialosyllactosylceramide and that the latter influences the immunological properties of the apparently less mature leukemic peripheral lymphocytes. PMID- 7213844 TI - [Molecular-genetic mechanisms of regulation of synthesis of individual types of rat hemoglobin]. AB - The effects of actinomycin D and erythropoietically active serum (EAS) on the synthesis of beta-like chains of haemoglobin in the erythroid cells of rat bone marrow in vivo and in vitro were studied. It was shown that in the whole population of erythroid elements of bone marrow actinomycin D sharply decreases the synthesis of beta c-chains, whereas in early erythroblasts it predominantly inhibits the synthesis of beta b-chains. In the whole population of rat bone marrow cells EAS activates the predominant formation of beta b-chains. Under a combined administration of actinomycin D and EAS the stimulating effect of the latter manifests itself not earlier than 24 hrs after the antibiotic injection. The effect of actinomycin D is removed after injection of EAS to the animals, especially during the first 12 hrs. In the culture of anaemic animals bone marrow in the presence of EAS the highest amount of the label is detected in the beta c chains, whereas in the erythroid elements treated with the erythropoietic factors in vivo--in the beta b-chains. Actinomycin D has no pronounced effect on the rate of beta-like chain formation in a short-time culture of bone marrow. The molecular mechanisms which control the switch-off of the predominant synthesis in different polypeptide types are discussed. PMID- 7213845 TI - [Nature of fibrinogen B-soluble fibrin monomer complexes precipitable by ethanol and 2-naphthol]. AB - The molecular composition of fibrinogen B, which is formed after addition of 2 naphthol solution in ethanol to pathological blood plasma was studied. The precipitate was found to contain native fibrinogen as well as fibrin monomer possessing fibrinopeptides B. Some proteins similar to the molecular forms of cold-insoluble blood plasma globulin were revealed. The data obtained suggest that fibrinogen B represents soluble complexes of monomeric fibrin with fibrinogen and probably with cold-insoluble globulin. The mechanisms of formation of these complexes and their precipitation by ethanol and 2-naphthol are discussed. PMID- 7213846 TI - [Control of the alternative pathway of electron transfer in mitochondria of the yeast Candida lipolytica]. AB - The dependence of the activity of the alternative cyanide-resistant electron transfer pathway in mitochondria of the yeast Candida lipolytica on the functional state of the main phosphorylating respiratory chain was studied. Oxidation of NAD-linked substrates both in active or uncoupled and controlled states by cyanide-resistant mitochondria was shown to be performed solely by the main respiratory chain. Succinate or alpha-glycerophosphate in the active or uncoupled state of the respiratory chain are oxidized solely by the main respiratory chain, whose changes in the controlled state are accompanied by activation of the alternative pathway of electron transfer. Exogenous NADH is oxidized both in active and controlled states of the respiratory chain by the main respiratory chain and the alternative pathway simultaneously. The transition of the respiratory chain from active to controlled state is followed therewith by an additional activation of the alternative pathway. It was concluded that the alternative pathway contribution to the total oxygen consumption by mitochondria is controlled by the activity of the main respiratory chain. The alternative pathway accomplishes the transfer of reducing equivalents excessive for the main respiratory chain. PMID- 7213847 TI - [Interrelationship between the rate of ATP-consuming processes and ATP concentration in intact erythrocytes]. AB - The behaviour of ATP concentrations in intact erythrocytes upon glucose addition to the erythrocyte suspension at a constant rate was studied. At different rates of glucose addition lower than the rate of glucose consumption at normalcy, the corresponding ATP concentrations are established, which are dependent on the rate of glucose influx. The 20% decrease of ATP concentration from the physiological value is observed at a 2-fold decrease of the flux. The results obtained made it possible to establish the dependence of the total rate of ATP consumption on ATP concentration in intact erythrocytes. This dependence is non-linear and shows a dramatic rise in the proximity of the physiological point. PMID- 7213849 TI - [Factors causing oligomerization of wall-eyed pollock rhodopsin before and after solubilization by sodium dodecyl sulfate]. AB - Using SDS-electrophoresis, it was shown that the addition of sodium ions to the solubilization medium causes oligomerization of wall-eyed pollock rhodopsin. Oligomerization is also caused by solubilization of the wall-eyed pollock rod outer segments by sodium cholate (deoxycholate), by changes in SDS concentration as well as by an increase of protein content in the solubilization mixture, freezing of solubilizate and treatment of the rod outer segments by sodium borohydrate upon illumination. Possible causes of wall-eyed pollock rhodopsin aggregation are discussed. PMID- 7213848 TI - [Binding of (125I)-tyrosyl-bradykinin to subcellular vascular fractions]. AB - The binding of the biologically active bradikinin analog--[125I]-tyr-B to partially purified fractions of plasma membranes from rat and rabbit aorta and from human umbilical veins and arteries has been studied. It was shown that some regions of vascular plasma membranes have a high affinity for the analog (Kac = 2 -6.10(8) M-1). The capacity for competitive substitution of angiotensin II and [125I]-angiotensin II-tyr-B for [125I]-tyr-B suggests the similarity of the binding sites of plasma membranes of the two biologically active peptides- bradikinin and angiotensin II. PMID- 7213851 TI - [Template activity of chromatin preparations from cerebellum and large hemispheres of rat brain]. AB - Two preparations of chromatin were isolated frm two divisions of rat brain differing in the average content of RNA in the cells and in the activities of nuclear forms of RNA-polymerases. Cerebellar chromatin was shown to contain far fewer non-histone proteins than the chromatin from the large hemispheres. The template properties of chromatin preparations were studied in a RNA synthesis system by two different methods, using bacterial RNA-polymerase. No differences in the template activity of the two preparations were revealed. It was assumed that the rate of RNA synthesis in these two divisions of rat brain are predominantly due to the activity of nuclear RNA-polymerases rather than to the state of the corresponding matrix. PMID- 7213852 TI - [some features of nuclear genome transcription at early stages of liver regeneration. RNA-polymerase activity of isolated nuclei]. AB - The RNA-polymerase activity of isolated nuclei after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hrs following partial hepatectomy was studied. The enzyme activity showed almost a 2 fold decrease after the first post-operative hour, followed by an increase of activity which reached its maximum after 6 hrs. A decrease of nuclear hepatocyte RNA-polymerase sensitivity to alpha-amanitine after 1 and 3 hrs following the surgery was found. After 6 hrs the enzyme was activated by alpha-amanitine. Using selective incorporation of four labelled ribonucleoside triphosphates, it was shown that alpha-amanitine causes a shift in the nucleotide composition of RNA synthesized in the regenerating liver towards the AU-type RNA. PMID- 7213850 TI - [Thymidine kinase activity, intracellular TTP content and DNA synthesis in transplantable hepatomas and lymphoid tissue of the host]. AB - The rapidly growing mouse Gaelstein hepatomas 22 and 22a and rat Zajdela hepatoma are characterized both by a high thymidine kinase activity, increased TTP pool and intense 14C-thymidine incorporation into DNA. This is indicative of an intensive thymidylate biosynthesis via a short, "salvage" pathway. The predominance of this pathway for thymidylate is also characteristic for the spleens of normal animals. On the contrast, in rat and mouse thymus, where the TTP pool was the highest of all normal tissues studied, the thymidine kinase activity and thymidine incorporation into DNA were relatively low. The growth of the three hepatomas under study induces involution of tumour carrier thymus, manifested in a decrease of the TTP pool and the rate of labelled thymidine incorporation into DNA, as well as in a 4-fold decrease of the thymidine kinase activity of rat thymus. In the spleen of mice carrying ascite 22a and solid 22 hepatomas an entirely opposite response to the tumour growth was observed, i. e. in the former case the organ weight and all indices of DNA synthesis were sharply reduced, while in the latter case they were substantially enhanced. In the spleen of Zajdela hepatoma carriers the DNA synthesis is suppressed as can be evidenced from the decrease of labelled thymidine incorporation into DNA and of TTP pool; the weight of organ and the thymidine kinase activity, however, exceed the normal level more than 2-fold. PMID- 7213856 TI - [Some features of nuclear genome transcription at early stages of liver regeneration. Effect of cytoplasmic factors on the RNA-polymerase activity of isolated nuclei]. AB - Cytosol from the regenerating liver significantly activates the RNA-polymerase activity of isolated nuclei in normal liver. This activation occurs immediately after partial hepatectomy, reaches its maximum after the 1st post-operative hour and is practically eliminated after 1,5 hrs. The effect is thermolabile and is completely blocked by a preliminary administration of cycloheximide. Fractionation of cytosol on DEAE-cellulose reveals significant chromatographic differences of the activating factor as compared to that described in literature, which is present both in normal and regenerating liver. An important role of this factor in reprogramming of the genome from the hepatocytes at the preproliferation stage is postulated. PMID- 7213855 TI - [Mechanism of action of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene on bacterial luminescence in vitro]. AB - 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) changes the parameters of the bioluminescent reaction involving two enzymes, i.e. NADH: FMN-oxidoreductase and luciferase, by decreasing the maximal intensity of luminescence and increasing the time of maximal intensity. Modification of the proteins does not affect the changes of the reaction parameters. The effects of DNFB on each one of the reactions, i.e. reduction of FNM and light emission, were studied. DNFB does not inhibit the reaction of FMN reduction. It was shown that the mechanism of DNFB effect of bioluminescence consists in uncoupling of FMN reduction and light emission due to competitive inhibition of the FMNH2 active center by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. PMID- 7213853 TI - [Inhibition of glucose isomerase from Actinomyces olivocinereus 154 by polyols]. AB - The inhibitory action of polyols, e. g. D-mannitol, D-glucitol, ribitol and xylitol, on the activity of glucose isomerase prepared from Actinomyces olivocinereus 154 was studied. All the polyols under study are purely reversible competitive inhibitors. The values of Ki for D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, D-arabitol, D-glucitol, ribitol and xylitol are 0.200, 0.140, 0.030, 0.024 and 0.020 M, respectively. The inhibition is to some extent decreased by increasing concentrations of the substrate and is completely abolished by increasing concentrations of Mg2+ and Co2+--up to 5.10(-2) and 5.10(-3) M, respectively. PMID- 7213857 TI - [Effect of thyroid hormones on the adenylate cyclase system in different organs]. PMID- 7213854 TI - [Interaction between mitochondrial creatine kinase and mitochondrial membranes]. AB - The outer mitochondrial membrane of beef heart was disrupted by hypotonic treatment and the effects of concentration and ionic strength of creatine kinase substrate solutions and some other electrolytes and non-electrolytes on mitochondrial membrane creatine kinase were studied. It was shown that electrostatic forces play an important role in the binding of creatine kinase to the mitochondrial membrane. It was assumed that under physiological conditions mitochondrial creatine kinase may undergo a reversible association - dissociation reaction with the membrane. The changes of pH within the range of 6.0 to 9.5 had no effect on the creatine kinase binding to mitochondrial membrane. Creatine kinase from beef heart mitochondria binds likewise and at the same rate to the rat liver no creatine kinase. The number of binding sites in mg of heart mitochondrial protein is n1 = 0.54 +/- 0.11 nmole, Kd1 = 0.16 +/- 0.04 microM. The number of binding sites in mg of liver mitochondrial protein is n2 = 0.65 +/- +/- 0.03 nmole, Kd2 = 0.29 +/- 0.09 microM. Excessive cytochrome c inhibits the binding of creatine kinase to the beef heart mitochondrial membrane. The results obtained suggest that mitochondrial creatine kinase is apparently bound to the membrane phospholipids. PMID- 7213858 TI - [Isolation and some properties of the very high density Lpm-lipoprotein from mink serum]. AB - A procedure for isolation of a very high density Lpm-lipoprotein (Lpm) consisting of 7-15% polyethyleneglycol precipitation and subsequent gel-filtration on a bio gel A-5m column was developed. An immunoelectrophoretically pure Lpm with molecular weight of about 800 000 was obtained. The procedure used does not change the allo- and heteroantigenic properties of Lpm. PMID- 7213859 TI - [Energy exchange in mitochondria and contractility of bundles of glycerinated myocardial fibers in traumatic shock]. AB - The state of energy exchange on the basis of respiratory chain reactions of myocardial mitochondria and contractility of bundles of glycerinated muscle fibers in traumatic shock, were investigated. The mitochondria isolated from animal myocardium at the terminal stage of traumatic shock were found to be capable to carry out oxidative phosphorylation at the level typical for healthy animal mitochondria. Parallel tensometric analyses of contractility of bundles of glycerinated muscle fibers showed that in rats and dogs with traumatic shock the most pronounced changes occur in isometric tension and specific power. At the same time relative fiber shortening under isotonic conditions is insignificantly reduced. PMID- 7213860 TI - [Properties of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from livers of healthy and neoplastic rats]. AB - The steady state kinetics of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from the liver of healthy and neoplastic rats (sarcoma S-45) were studied. The kinetic measurements were carried out at 18 degrees in a glycyl-glycine buffer, pH 7.6. The kinetic analysis of the purified enzyme preparations included determination of initial rates of the reaction and calculation of the kinetic plots of the reaction according to Cleland and Eisenthal and Kornish-Bouden. A comparison of the kinetic data for all experimental series allowed to postulate the absence of damages in the total mechanism of the reaction in case of neoplastic rats; however, the rate constants for individual steps of this process are changed as can be evidenced from the Km values for the substrates. The normalizing effect of hydroxythiamine injected parenterally into neoplastic animals on the kinetic parameters of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was observed. PMID- 7213861 TI - [Detection of phosphorylated pyrimidine precursors of riboflavin in yeasts]. AB - The nature of products formed from GTP in the presence of NADPH under effects of dialyzed extracts of the prototrophic strain of Pichia guilliermondii ATCC 9058 and mutants rib2 and rib3 with blocked second and third steps of flavinogenesis, respectively, was studied. The unstable pyrimidine intermediates were identified on the basis of the nature of pteridines formed upon condensation of riboflavin precursors with diacetyl. It was shown that under the action of extracts of the mutants rib3 GTP was predominantly converted into 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4 ribitylaminopyrimidine phosphate. In similar studies on the extracts of the prototrophic strain, 2,6-dihydroxy-5-amino-4-ribitylaminopyrimidine phosphate, 2,6-dihydroxy-5-amino-4-ribitylaminopyrimidine and trace amounts of 2,5-diamino-6 hydroxy-4-ribitylaminopyrimidine were detected. No ribitylated intermediates of riboflavin were formed in the extracts of rib2 mutants. The results obtained are indicative of the participation of phosphorylated pyrimidine precursors in the second and third steps of flavinogenesis in yeasts. 6,7-Dimethyl-8 ribityllumazine phosphate is not the substrate for P. guilliermondii riboflavin synthase. PMID- 7213862 TI - [Isoenzyme composition of cathepsin D from bovine hypothalamus]. AB - The isoenzyme composition of cathepsin D from bovine hypothalamus was studied by isoelectric focusing. It was found that the soluble fraction of hypothalamic proteins contains five peaks of endopeptidase activity at pH 3.2. The properties studied allowed to identify these peaks of endopeptidase activity as isoenzyme forms of cathepsin D. PMID- 7213865 TI - Enterobacteria of the neonate. Normal colonization and antibiotic-induced selection. AB - Enterobacterial digestive tract colonization of neonates under different conditions during their first days of life was studied. Our objective is to determine the frequency of antibiotic resistance under different conditions (hospitalized newborns treated or not with antibiotics, newborns in a maternity unit, mothers treated or not) thereby permitting a better appreciation of the role played by the 'selection pressure' created by antibiotics commonly used in perinatology. The method used was the culture of graded newborn fecal dilutions on selective media, some of which contained antibiotics. Cultures were made every day during the 1st week and 2 weeks of age. By using this technique, enterobacteria can be quantified as a function of their variety and of their resistance to different antibiotics. In the normal neonate under the normal conditions, the most predominant enterobacterium is an Escherichia coli sensitive to antibiotics; these infants also had several varieties of resistant enterobacteria, frequently acquired from their mothers. An antibiotic treatment of the mothers following delivery had no effect on the enterobacteria of the newborns. In a hospital setting, treated neonates rapidly acquired resistant species of enterobacteria. Nontreated neonates, initially often colonized with sensitive enterobacteria, acquired resistant enterobacteria during their first days of life. PMID- 7213863 TI - [Changes in the composition of nucleotide sequences in the transcriptionally active fraction of rat liver DNA during cortisol induction]. AB - The renaturation kinetics of functionally different DNA fractions of rat liver isolated by modified phenol fractionation were studied. It was found that the transcriptionally active fraction of DNA (DNA-I), making up to approximately 20% of total DNA, is enriched with unique sequences. Under cortisol-induced DNA dependent synthesis of RNA in the liver the amount of repeated sequences in this DNA fraction is increased (approximately by 10-11%), whereas the type of renaturation of a transcriptionally inactive major DNA fraction (DNA-II), making up to approximately 70% of total DNA, remains unchanged. The renaturation kinetics of a weakly extractable DNA fraction (DNA-III) making up to 5-10% of total DNA are similar to those of the major DNA fraction. Under cortisol-induced transcription the number of repeated sequences in this fraction is decreased as compared to DNA-III of intact liver (by approximately 10-12%). The increase of the number of repeated sequences observed after 4-8 hrs (i. e. peak of induction) is decreased after 16 hrs, resulting in a complete reconstitution of the original type of DNA-I renaturation on the 24th post-induction hour. PMID- 7213864 TI - [Inhibitory action of divalent copper compounds on cumene hydroperoxide oxidative demethylation of N,N-dimethylaniline by cytochrome P-450]. AB - The inhibitory action of divalent copper compounds on hydroperoxide-dependent oxidative demethylation of N,N-demethylaniline involving rabbit liver microsomes and highly purified cytochrome P-450 has been studied. CuCl2 is a non-competitive inhibitor, whereas copper tyrosine and lysine complexes are characterized by a mixed type inhibition. The inhibitory action of copper complexes is based on a decrease of cumene hydroperoxide concentration. The reaction results in formation of RO and RO2 radicals destroying cytochrome P-450 CuCl2 (0,001 M) also destroys cytochrome P-450 in the absence of cumene hydroperoxide; the destruction process is characterized by two phases with different rate constants. The nature of the inhibitory action of CuCl2 on N,N-demethylaniline oxidation by hydroperoxides is discussed. PMID- 7213866 TI - Glycogen reserves in the subcutaneous adipose tissue and energy metabolism in newborns of diabetic mothers. AB - Changes of glycogen content in the subcutaneous adipose tissue were followed in 43 infants of insulin-treated diabetic mothers, in 25 infants of gestational diabetic mothers and in 89 infants of healthy mothers. In infants of diabetic mothers and in infants of healthy mothers oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide output were also examined. Newborns of insulin-treated diabetic mothers and gestational diabetic mothers exhibit in comparison with control newborns higher values and diverse dynamics of glycogen content in the subcutaneous adipose tissue as an indicator of glycogen reserves in the first hours and days after delivery. The low oxygen consumption and increased RQ indicate preferential utilization of carbohydrates possibly together with increased lipogenesis in newborns of mothers with overt diabetes. PMID- 7213867 TI - Lipids and lipoproteins in maternal and fetus plasma in the rat. AB - Plasma lipidic components appear augmented in 19- and 21-day pregnant rats compared with virgin controls, the greatest effect being in triglycerides, corresponding to the augmented proportion of plasma very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). The plasma lipidic components in fetuses of 19 and 21 days are lower than in their mothers, the greatest decrease occurring in triglycerides. In the plasma of 19-day fetuses, there is only one lipoprotein electrophoretic band which corresponds to the beta-lipoproteins of adults (low density lipoproteins, LDL) according to its mobility and floating characteristics, while in the fetus of 21 days there are also pre-beta-lipoproteins (VLDL). In the 1- and 5-day-old newborns, the four main lipoprotein fractions are already present as in the adults. The late appearance of VLDL and the lack of high density lipoproteins in the rat fetus determine various specific metabolic characteristics. PMID- 7213868 TI - Maternal nutrient storage and efficiency in production of fetal brain tissue in rats. AB - Maternal 'efficiencies' in production of fetal tissue, especially brain tissue, were studied in controls and in chronically (9 generations) undernourished rats. These 'efficiencies' were formulated as the ratio of a neonatal parameter (body) weight, brain weight, DNA, or protein) to the food consumed during pregnancy. Mean or total values (for the entire litter) of the above parameters were used in computation of the above ratios. It was found that all these ratios were highly significantly lower for control animals than for undernourished. The gain in maternal body weight (postpartum versus day 0 of pregnancy), i.e., nutrient storage, was found to be significantly lower or even negative in the undernourished group, but increased through generations. We interpret these results as follows. Undernourished animals mobile their nutrient reserves, avoid deamination of essential amino acids, and improve their intestinal absorption of nutrients; thus, they are more efficient than normal animals, even though the latter may produce more fetal tissue. These improvements suggest inducible enzymes. Individual mothers in each group vary considerably in their efficiency; the most efficient undernourished mothers may produce offspring that escape undernutrition, or, in the control group, offspring with outstanding values of brain and body parameters. PMID- 7213869 TI - Hemodynamic responses of the pelvic vascular bed to vasoactive stimuli in pregnant sheep. AB - The responses of the common internal iliac artery and middle uterine artery of the pregnant horn to continuous infusions of graded doses of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, isoxsuprine, angiotensin and nitroprusside were investigated in chronically instrumental pregnant ewes. Norepinephrine progressively decreased the blood flow and increased the resistance in both vessels but the changes were more marked in the middle uterine artery. Isoxsuprine and epinephrine had an insignificant effect on the common internal iliac artery blood flow, but decreased that of the middle uterine artery. Nitroprusside decrease the flow in both vessels proportionately. Angiotensin in doses less than 0.16 micrograms/kg/min increased the flow in both arteries to the same extent, but higher doses decreased both flows. It is concluded that in the chronically instrumented pregnant ewe, the responses of contiguous vascular beds to different vasoactive agents may differ depending on the nature of the stimulus. PMID- 7213870 TI - Prematurity in the rat. III. Effect of oxygen supply. AB - Changes in liver glycogen, plasma glucose, lactate, alanine and glycerol concentrations in term and preterm newborn rats breathing pure oxygen have been studied. The time courses of lactate and pyruvate concentrations in the livers of term and preterm rats breathing air or pure oxygen have also been investigated. The increased oxygen supply enhanced plasma glucose, lactate and alanine utilization while the rate of glycogenolysis was not effected. In these conditions, the resistance to lactate utilization observed in preterm newborns breathing air was overcome. The liver lactate/pyruvate ratio sharply decreased immediately after delivery in term and preterm rats breathing pure oxygen and in term rats breathing air. However, this decrease was delayed for 30 min in preterm newborns breathing air. These results suggest that the preterm rat suffers a defective oxygen supply to the tissues which results in a transient resistance to lactate utilization. PMID- 7213871 TI - Metabolic responses to alanine in small-for-gestational age infants: developmental aspects. AB - 14 small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants and 4 healthy adult volunteers were subjected to an intravenous alanine tolerance test. In normoglycemic SGA infants studied during the first 6 days of life, the apparent K value for the disappearance rate of alanine was 3%/min. In 6 hypoglycemic patients studied between day 1 and day 12 the corresponding K value was 2.2%/min. In adult volunteers a K value of 5.6%/min was obtained. Plasma pyruvate increased after alanine in both normoglycemic and hypoglycemic SGA infants. The blood glucose tended to decrease after the alanine load in the hypoglycemic infants, whereas an increase was observed in infants with normoglycemia. On reexamination of 4 hypoglycemic SGA infants after the blood glucose concentration had normalized, a blood glucose profile approaching that of normoglycemic infants was recorded. PMID- 7213872 TI - Crypt cell renewal and chemical sympathectomy in the pre-closure ileum of the neonatal rat. PMID- 7213873 TI - Bovine sperm forward motility protein: binding to epididymal spermatozoa. PMID- 7213875 TI - Sites of androgen and estradiol production in the second half of pregnancy in the rat. PMID- 7213876 TI - Requirement of serum factors for capacitation and the acrosome reaction of guinea pig spermatozoa in buffered medium below pH 7.8. PMID- 7213877 TI - Prolactin release in golden hamsters: photoperiod and gonadal influences. PMID- 7213874 TI - Reproduction in mice: resorption of the fetal adrenal cortex in mated female mice. PMID- 7213878 TI - Maternal recognition of pregnancy in the rabbit: effect of conceptus removal. PMID- 7213879 TI - Ontogeny of the pineal melatonin rhythm in golden hamsters. PMID- 7213881 TI - Factors influencing circular muscle activity in the pregnant rat uterus. PMID- 7213880 TI - Effect of indomethacin and aspirin on uterine activity in pregnant rats: comparison of circular and longitudinal muscle. PMID- 7213882 TI - Big luteinizing hormone (BLH): possible precursor of native LH (NLH) in anterior pituitary glands of rats. PMID- 7213883 TI - Relaxin immunoactivity in plasma during the reproductive cycle of the female guinea pig. PMID- 7213884 TI - Human uterine luminal fluid proteins associated with secretory phase endometrium: progesterone-induced products? PMID- 7213885 TI - Ultrastructural, immunocytochemical study of the LH secreting cell of the rat anterior pituitary gland: changes occurring after ovariectomy. PMID- 7213886 TI - [Amputation and prosthetic rehabilitation today--reality of needs or fiction of possibilities?]. PMID- 7213887 TI - [Determination of the service life of a friction locking fixation element for use in ceramic total hips (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213888 TI - [The adsorption behaviour of high purity alumina ceramics exposed to fluids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213889 TI - [A new method for the automatic on-line, cable free analysis of human gait (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213890 TI - [A method for measuring the mobility of the lumbar spine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213891 TI - [A servo hydraulic test device for life time tests on artificial limb components (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213892 TI - [Design and construction of a fatigue test unit for prosthetic heart valves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213894 TI - [A systemic presentation of the methods and development of a total joint replacement exemplified by the total ankle joint prosthesis, model BME (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213895 TI - [The determination of the physical parameters of the x-radiation and the trans irradiated material on the basis of the x-ray film (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213893 TI - [A mobile overload-protected, single-tank X-ray generator for 17 kW short-time rated power output (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213896 TI - [A portable digital data store with high resolution for body temperatures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7213897 TI - The effect of pH on the K+ movements across the human platelet membrane during in vitro incubation in plasma at 37 degrees C. AB - (1) The K+ concentration in human blood platelets, separated at room temperature from citrated platelet-rich plasma at pH 7.1, was 88 mumol/10(11) platelets. (2) Changing pH in the plasma altered immediately the intracellular K+ concentration in platelets. An equilibrium was reached within 60--90 min and no further change was observed during the next 90 min. The maximum value was found at pH 6.0--6.4. (3) The velocity of passive K+ efflux varied with pH, having a minimum value at pH 6.0--6.4. Increasing the pH to 7.9 accelerated the velocity by a factor of 15. This was found in platelets incubated with ouabain to inhibit the active (Na+, K+)-pump. PMID- 7213898 TI - A study of phospholipid interactions between high-density lipoproteins and small unilamellar vesicles. AB - Previous observations on serum-induced leakage of liposome contents from egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes (Allen, T.M. and Cleland, L.G. (1980) Biochim. Biophys, Acta 597, 418--426) have been extended in order to examine the role of the phase transition and phospholipid backbone in leakage. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction has been purified from human serum and the rate of transfer of radioactively labelled phospholipids from sonicated liposomes to high density lipoproteins has been examined. Results obtained from the calcein dequenching method for serum-induced leakage of liposome contents showed that as the proportion of solid phospholipid (distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, Tc = 56 degrees C) increased, relative to the proportion of egg phosphatidylcholine, the half-time for retention of liposome contents at 37 degrees C in the presence of serum also increased. Including increasing amounts of bovine brain sphingomyelin (Tc = 30 degrees C) in egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes also substantially decreased leakage from liposomes in the presence of serum at 37 degrees C. 14C labelled egg phosphatidylcholine was found to transfer readily from liposomes to purified HDL, as did 14C-labelled dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine. Including cholesterol in egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes decreased the rate of transfer of phospholipid to HDL. 14C-labelled distearoyl phosphatidylcholine did not exchange readily with HDL. These results are consistent with the interpretation that tightening bilayer packing prevents the apolipoprotein-mediated transfer of phospholipid to HDL and slows the leakage of liposome contents associated with this transfer. [14C]Sphingomyelin also did not exchange readily with HDL. This does not appear to be a phase transition effect as the majority of sphingomyelin is above its phase transition at 37 degrees C. The failure of sphingomyelin to exchange readily with HDL is interpreted as being due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the sphingosine backbones of the sphingomyelin molecule. PMID- 7213899 TI - Inhibitory effect of colchicine on translocation of alkaline phosphatase to the plasma membrane concomitant to its induction in rat liver. AB - A single injection of colchicine (1--3 mg/kg body weight) caused a remarkable induction of hepatic alkaline phosphatase, which increased linearly in the homogenate starting at 5--6 h and reached a maximum level (14-fold of the control activity) at 20--22 h after the drug treatment. In the plasma membrane, however, the increase in specific activity and the recovery of alkaline phosphatase were greatly inhibited up to 12 h after the treatment. Such an inhibitory effect of colchicine was confirmed by a combination experiment of the drug treatment with bile duct ligation; in the plasma membrane elevation of the enzyme induced by bile duct ligation was also greatly retarded by colchicine. The subcellular distribution of the enzyme activity in livers was determined among the four groups of rats with or without bile duct ligation and/or colchicine administration taken at 8 h after each treatment. In the control and the bile duct-ligated livers, the highest specific activity was observed in the plasma membrane fraction, while in the colchicine-treated livers, with or without bile duct ligation, the highest activity was found in the Golgi fractions. These results indicate that the Golgi membranes enriched with the induced enzyme were blocked by the drug to prevent migration toward the plasma membranes enriched with the induced enzyme were blocked by the drug to prevent migration toward the plasma membrane, thus demonstrating involvement of the Golgi complex in the translocation route of newly synthesized alklaine phosphatase to the plasma membrane. PMID- 7213900 TI - Interaction of alpha-lactalbumin with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles. II. A fluorescence polarization study. AB - The interaction of alpha-lactalbumin with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied as a function of temperature, pH and the molar ratio of phospholipid to protein. The method consisted of measuring the fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene used as a probe embedded in the vesicles. After incubation of the protein with the phospholipid for 2 h at 23 degrees C, the polarization of the light emitted by this probe shifted to higher values; the shift was greater at acidic pH than at neutral pH. After incubation at 37 degrees C, no shift in polarization was found at pH 7, 6 and 5 while a strong increase occurred at pH 4. Lowering the temperature, after incubation at 37 degrees C, had little effect on the polarization at neutral pH. At pH 5, however, and in the transition range of the phospholipid, the polarization increased greatly. A kinetic study of the interaction carried out around the transition temperature of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine as a function of pH shows that the speed of complex formation between alpha-lactalbumin and the lipid increases from neutral to acidic pH. From the present results and in agreement with our earlier calorimetric and fluorescence data (Hanssens, I., Houthuys, C., Herreman, W. and van Cauwelaert, F.H. (1980) Biochim. Biophys, Acta 602, 539- 557), it is concluded that at neutral pH the interaction mechanism is probably different from that at acidic pH. At neutral pH and at all temperatures, alpha lactalbumin is mainly absorbed electrostatically to the outer surface of the vesicle with little or no influence on the transition temperature of the phospholipid. At this pH, only around the transition temperature is penetration possible. At pH 4, however, the protein is able to penetrate the vesicle at all temperatures and to interact hydrophobically with the phospholipid fatty acid chains. As a result of this interaction, the transition temperature is increased by about 4 degrees C. This different behaviour changes progressively upon acidification: at pH 5, penetration seems to be impossible at temperatures far above the transition temperature but occurs rapidly around the transition temperature. PMID- 7213901 TI - The effect of changing extracellular osmolality on water transport in the human red blood cell as measured by the cell water residence time and the activation energy of water transport. AB - A pulse NMR technique employing low extracellular Mn2+ concentrations has been used in following the effect of variations in extracellular osmolality on water transport through the human red blood cell membrane. We report results including the effect of osmolality on the cell water lifetime (tau a) and, for the first time, the effect on the proton spin-spin relaxation of the intracellular water (T2a) and the activation energy for the water transport process. Current results are encouraging in correlating the effects seen in this study with suspected membrane functional changes occurring in both in vivo and in vitro aging and during in vitro preservation attempts. PMID- 7213902 TI - Influence of environmental temperature on mitochondrial membranes. AB - Mitochondrial phospholipids from goldfish lateral line muscle were analysed with respect to polar and apolar groups. Groups of 20 goldfish, acclimated to 5, 20 and 30 degrees C, were used. Temperature-induced shifts of both polar and apolar groups of the mitochondrial phospholipids were observed. The fatty acid composition of mitochondrial phospholipids is characterized by a large amount of polyenoic acids, dominated by docosahexaenoic acid and by octadecadienoic acid. At the higher acclimation temperatures, a significant decrease in docosahexaenoic acid is found. However, the resultant effect of environmental temperature on the degree of unsaturation is small, in contrast to the marked effect on mean chain length. Pronounced changes in the molar ratio of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are seen; a decrease in mitochondrial phosphatidylcholine is observed at low acclimation temperature, which is compensated for by a nearly equal increase in phosphatidylethanolamine. The main phospholipids are, apparently, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin, comprising 90% of the total pool of 12 species. It is found that the anionic nature of the phospholipids is increased at low acclimation temperatures. We discuss this effect and its probable importance in the stabilization of the surface potential of the mitochondrial membranes. PMID- 7213903 TI - An electrogenic Na+/Ca2+ antiporter in addition to the Ca2+ pump in cardiac sarcolemma. AB - Vesicles isolated from rat heart, particularly enriched in sarcolemma markers, were examined for their sidedness by investigation of side-specific interactions of modulators with the asymmetric (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and adenylate cyclase complex. The membrane preparation with the properties expected for inside-out vesicles showed the highest rate of ATP-driven Ca2+ transport. The Ca2+ pump was stimulated 1.7- and 2.1-fold by external Na+ and K+, respectively, the half maximal activation occurring at 35 mM monovalent cation concentration. In vesicles loaded with Ca2+ by pump action in a medium containing 160 mM KCl, a slow spontaneous release of Ca2+ started after 2 min. The rate of this release could be dramatically increased by the addition of 40 mM NaCl to the external medium. In contrast, 40 mM KCl exerted no appreciable effect on vesicles loaded with Ca2+ in a medium containing 160 mM NaCl. Ca2+ movements were also studied in the absence of ATP and Mg2+. Vesicles containing an outwardly directed Na+ gradient showed the highest Ca2+ uptake activity. These findings suggested the operation of a Ca2+/Na+ antiporter in addition to the active Ca2+ pump in these sarcolemmal vesicles. A valinomycin-induced inward K+-diffusion potential stimulated the Na+-Ca2+ exchange, suggesting its electrogenic nature. If in the absence of ATP and Mg2+ the transmembrane Nai+/Nao+ gradient exceeded 160/15 mM concentrations, Ca2+ uptake could be stimulated by the addition of 5 mM oxalate, indicating Na+ gradient-induced Ca2+ uptake to be a translocation of Ca2+ to the lumen of the vesicle. A sarcoplasmic reticulum contamination, removed by further sucrose gradient fractionation, contained rather low Na+-Ca2+ exchange activity. This result suggests that the activity can be entirely accounted for by the sarcolemmal content of the cardiac membrane preparation. PMID- 7213904 TI - Penetration of 2,4,5-trinitrobenzenesulfonate into human erythrocytes. Consequences for studies on phospholipid asymmetry. AB - The glutathione content of human erythrocytes rapidly diminishes when cells are exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonate (20 mumol/l cells) at 37 degrees C. Even at 0 degrees C a slow decrease in glutathione content is observed. The uptake of trinitrobenzenesulfonate by the cells is retarded by inhibitors of the inorganic anion exchange system, indicating that trinitrobenzenesulfonate enters the cells by this pathway. The disappearance of glutathione most probably results from the reaction: 2 GSH + trinitrobenzenesulfonate leads to GSSG + aminodinitrobenzenesulfonate. The reaction of trinitrobenzenesulfonate with glutathione occurs prior to its covalent binding to amino groups of hemoglobin which makes this reaction a more sensitive method of detection of penetration of trinitrobenzenesulfonate into erythrocytes. Results of studies on the asymmetric distribution of phospholipids using trinitrobenzenesulfonate as the only probe should be reconsidered in the light of these new data. PMID- 7213905 TI - Phase transition behaviour of artificial liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholines acylated with cyclopropane fatty acids. AB - Phase transitions of liposomes composed of synthetic phoshatidylcholines acylated with the cyclopropane fatty acids, lactobacillic and dihydrosterculic acid, were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Transition temperatures were approx. 16 degrees C higher than for phosphatidylcholines acylated with the corresponding unsaturated fatty acids, cis-vaccenic and oleic acid. Though our transition temperatures were all several degrees lower than those determined by Silvius and McElhaney ((1979) Chem. Phys. Lipids 25, 125--134), the increase produced by replacement of the double bond with a cyclopropane ring was the same. We propose that this replacement, through its effect on membrane fluidity, may serve to regulate the activity of membrane-associated processes such as transport. PMID- 7213907 TI - Assessing laboratory evidence for neoplastic activity. AB - A variety of statistical issues which arise in the analysis of tumorigenesis assay data are reviewed. Tumor acceleration appeared as a possibility in the Red Dye 40 situation and that phenomenon is discussed. Experimental design considerations covered include sex, cage locations, and whether there is complete randomization, or whether littermates are stratified across doses, or whether, as in multigeneration studies, all littermates are treated alike. Whichever, the statistical analysis should be appropriate. Statistical techniques must take into account the time-to-response aspect in the detection of palpable tumors along with the complication of censored observation due to interim mortality. A logrank technique for accomplishing this must be further adjusted so as to handle tumors detectable only on necropsy. Dosage effects may be sought in a variety of ways, including alternative procedures for identifying progressive dosage effects. Separate analyses may be conducted for separate tumor sites or types, introducing a multiple-testing aspect. Because of the sparseness of data for many individual tumor sites, the usual multiple-testing procedures have to be modified. Statistical analysis, however, is only a guide to the careful interpretation of results, and the need to take action as a result of that interpretation remains. PMID- 7213906 TI - A calorimetric study of the thermotropic behaviour of 1,2-dipentadecylmethylidene phospholipids. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the thermotropic behaviour of 1,2-dipentadecylmethylidene phospholipids with various head groups. The structural variation in the glycerol backbone region leads to a strong restriction of conformational freedom for the first two methylene segments of the chains, so that dipentadecylmethylidene phospholipids show lower transition temperatures, lower enthalpies and lower cooperativity of the transition from the gel to the liquid crystalline phase. The extreme chemical stability of these lipids in the alkaline pH region enables investigations of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid dispersions at high pH values. Both phospholipids show a decrease in the transition temperature and in the transition enthalpy as they become singly and doubly charged, respectively. A complex behaviour of the transition enthalpy of doubly charged 1,2 dipentadecylmethylidene phosphatidic acid was observed when the NaCl concentration of the dispersion was increased. PMID- 7213908 TI - Diseases having two classes of severity: estimation of the proportions of each manifestation by maximum likelihood. AB - In diseases having variable expressivity, the proportions of the different manifestations of the affection in the population may be different from the observed proportions in a sample when probabilities of ascertainment of these various manifestations are different from each other. This bias can be avoided by taking into account the respective probabilities of ascertainment of these manifestations and by estimating the proportions by maximum likelihood. In this paper, the method of estimation is developed for the particular case of two different phenotypes. Probabilities of observations are calculated, and scores and measures of information are derived. The different factors affecting the respective proportions of affected individuals are: the difference between probabilities of ascertainment of the two forms, the probability of ascertainment of the milder form, the proportion of the more severe form in the population, and the proportion of sibships with a single affected child in the population. The method is applied to published data on retinoblastoma. Validity of the assumptions is discussed and these assumptions are checked using the retinoblastoma data. PMID- 7213911 TI - Mixtures of continuous and categorical variables in discriminant analysis. PMID- 7213910 TI - Incomplete block designs for parallel-line assays. PMID- 7213909 TI - Contact networks and the study of contagion. AB - The contact network among individuals in a patient group and in a control group is examined. The probability of knowing another person is modelled with parameters assigned to various factors, such as age, sex or disease, which may influence this probability. Standard likelihood techniques are used to estimate the parameters and to test the significance of the hypotheses, in particular the hypothesis of contagion, generated in the modelling process. The method is illustrated in a study of the Yale student body, in which infectious mononucleosis patients of the opposite sex are shown to know each other significantly more frequently than expected. PMID- 7213912 TI - A stepwise variable selection procedure for nonlinear regression models. PMID- 7213913 TI - Two-stage test of independence using Kendall's statistic. AB - A two-stage analog of Kendall's distribution-free test for independence is presented. It is shown that the null-limiting joint distribution of the two-stage test statistics is bivariate normal. Critical values are given for alpha = .01, .05 and .10 for both one-sided and two-sided hypotheses. A Monte Carlo study indicates the usefulness of the limiting distribution for small sample sizes. A second Monte Carlo study shows that the power of the two-stage test is similar to that of the usual single-sample test with an average sample number which is smaller than the sample size of the one-stage test. PMID- 7213914 TI - The parameterization of predictive value for multisite screening. AB - In the design of a medical screening program, it is standard practice to employ the parameters of sensitivity and specificity of the test, together with the population disease prevalence, in order to obtain the predictive values of the test. Multiphasic screening, i.e. the use of two or more tests on the same occasion to screen for more than a single disease, has stimulated the need for a formulation of the joint predictive value of these tests employed in combination. In this communication a parameterization of joint predictive value is presented in the context of multisite cancer screening. The resulting parameters are related to the separate disease prevalences, as well as to the sensitivities and specificities of the separate tests, under the assumption of statistical independence among cancer screens. PMID- 7213915 TI - Randomization tests when there are non-responders. PMID- 7213916 TI - The effect of thioproline on transplanted tumors in nude mice. PMID- 7213919 TI - "In vitro" inhibition of platelet aggregation by uremic middle molecules. AB - "Uremic middle molecules" are isolated from the urine of normal subjects and the blood in chronic renal insufficiency treated by hemodialysis. Their action is tested in vitro on platelets aggregation induced by ADP. Some fractions of these middle molecules (fractions 7b, 7c and 7 "fg") are without any effect. The 7 "de" fractions give an inhibition of platelets aggregation. The percentage variations of first phase inhibition as a function of the middle molecules concentrations is studied. PMID- 7213917 TI - Bisalbuminaemia: report from Calcutta. PMID- 7213918 TI - Urinary polyamine excretion in man. II. Influence of menstrual cycle. AB - 24 hours urinary excretion of putrescine, spermidine and spermine was analysed at various phases of the menstrual cycle in 10 regularly menstruating women aged 20 40 years. After determining the ovulation time, by means of the basal temperature, the menstrual cycle was divided into five stages. The urinary excretion of putrescine and spermidine appears more marked during the follicular phase. During the luteal phase spermine excretion levels may be as much as 50 times higher than those found during the other stages of the cycle. Mean values show a wide fluctuation, which depends upon the individual. Moreover, the mean values of urinary excretion of di- and polyamines of 3 menstrual cycles in a 37 year old subject, showed little variation in this person. These results suggest that a relationship exists between the phases of the menstrual cycle and the variations in urinary levels of di- and polyamines. PMID- 7213920 TI - Cytokinetic studies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Relationship to other variables at diagnosis and survival. AB - In vitro 3H-thymidine labeling index (LI) of the marrow leukemic cells was determined at diagnosis in 70 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Very little labeling of leukemic lymphocytes was observed, median LI resulting as low as 0.05%. The initial LI was unrelated to age, sex, absolute number of circulating lymphocytes, degree of marrow lymphocytosis, clinical staging or survival. We conclude that the initial LI% of the marrow leukemic cells is neither a valid nor practical prognostic factor in patients with CLL. PMID- 7213921 TI - Glucose infusions increase plasma levels of amyloid proteins in high density lipoproteins. AB - Malmendier et al. (4) have described six apoproteins from human plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) which were isolated from patients given an intravenous infusion of 10% glucose. Inspection of their amino-terminal sequences indicate that Malmendier et al. have isolated various forms of serum amyloid AA. Since amyloid is present in patients with various chronic diseases which are associated with decreased HDL levels, we suggest that there is a relationship between amyloid and HDL. PMID- 7213922 TI - Frequency of inapparent hepatitis A infection. AB - The frequency of inapparent hepatitis A infection estimated by the detection of IgM anti-HAV in the absence of clinical signs, was found to be very low in two institutions for children. Only 15.4% of the infections are inapparent in department of pediatric psychiatry. Thus, poor hygienic conditions resulting in frequent and massive fecal-oral infections might lead to an increased number of overt hepatitis A infections. PMID- 7213923 TI - Dependence of gastro-intestinal tumors on gastro-intestinal hormones: pentagastrin stimulates growth of transplanted colon adenocarcinoma in mice. AB - Gastrin was administered several times to mice with transplantable hepatoma, sarcomas, colon adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma of small intestine. Injections of gastrin stimulated the growth of colon adenocarcinoma in mice but not of the other tumors tested. Dependence upon gastro-intestinal hormones of "spontaneous" carcinogenesis in gastro-intestinal tract and the growth of many gastro intestinal pancreatic and liver tumors is suggested. This hormone dependence could be used for the treatment and prophylaxis of some tumors of the gastro intestinal tract. PMID- 7213926 TI - Biophysical Society. Program and abstracts. Twenty-fifth annual meeting, 1981, Denver. PMID- 7213924 TI - Tumor-host metabolic relationships: total levels and chromatographic pattern of vitamin B12 in serum, liver and tumor of Yoshida sarcoma-bearing rats. AB - Total content of cobalamins was estimated by an isotopic dilution technique in serum and liver of Yoshida sarcoma-bearing rats and in a group of control rats. Total levels of vitamin B12 were also measured in neoplastic tissue. Hydroxycobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, cyanocobalamin and methylcobalamin, were estimated by a chromato-bioautographic technique in the above mentioned tissues and animals. We found no significant difference between control and tumor-bearing rats with respect to the total content of vitamin B12 in the different tissues. This suggests that vitamin B12 requirements of neoplastic cells do not significantly deplete host cobalamin stores. We have also found no significant differences in the values of the different cobalamin coenzyme forms between the two groups of animals. This suggests that there is not preferential uptake of any host cobalamin fraction by the neoplastic cells. The four coenzyme-forms of cobalamin have been detected in Yoshida sarcoma. Adenosylcobalamin and cyanocobalamin are the major components of the pool of cobalamins of the tissue. PMID- 7213927 TI - Affinity of red blood cell membrane for particle surfaces measured by the extent of particle encapsulation. AB - An experimental technique and a simple analysis are presented that can be used to quantitate the affinity of red blood cell membrane for surfaces of small beads or microsomal particles up to 3 micrometers Diam. The technique is demonstrated with an example of dextran-mediated adhesion of small spherical red cell fragments to normal red blood cells. Cells and particles are positioned for contact by manipulation with glass micropipets. The mechanical equilibrium of the adhesive contact is represented by the variational expression that the decrease in interfacial free energy due to a virtual increase in contact area is balanced by the increase in elastic energy of the membrane due to virtual deformation. The surface affinity is the reduction in free energy per unit area of the interface associated with the formation of adhesive contact. From numerical computations of equilibrium configurations, the surface affinity is derived as a function of the fractional extent of particle encapsulation. The range of surface affinities for which the results are applicable is increased over previous techniques to several times the value of the elastic shear modulus. It is shown that bending rigidity of the membrane has little effect on the analytical results for particles 1--3 micrometers Diam and that results are essentially the same for both cup- and disk shaped red cells. A simple analytical model is shown to give a good approximation for surface affinity (normalized by the elastic shear modulus) as a function of the fractional extent of particle encapsulation. The model predicts that a particle would be almost completely vacuolized for surface affinities greater than or equal to 10 times the elastic shear modulus. Based on an elastic shear modulus of 6.6 x 10(-3) dyn/cm, the range for the red cell-particle surface affinity as measured by this technique is from approximately 7 x 10(-4) to 7 x 10(-2) erg/cm2. Also, an approximate relation is derived for the level of surface affinity necessary to produce particle vacuolization by a phospholipid bilayer surface which possesses bending rigidity and a fixed tension. PMID- 7213925 TI - Interactions between prolactin and ovarian secretions during mammary tumorigenesis in the mouse. AB - The plasma levels of ovarian steroids and the steroid binding capacity in the cytosol of mammary glands have been determined in the low-mammary-tumor C3H/f (XVII) mice. Implantation of a pituitary under the kidney leads to an increase of all these parameters as well as a high mammary tumor incidence. Simultaneous administration of the trans isomer of broparestrol (TBP) leads to a decrease of all the parameters. PMID- 7213928 TI - Frequency dispersions of human skin dielectrics. AB - The electrical properties of many biological materials are known to exhibit frequency dispersions. In the human skin, the impedance measured at various frequencies closely describes a circular locus of the Cole-Cole type in the complex impedance plane. In this report, the formative mechanisms responsible for the anomalous circular-arc behavior of skin impedance were investigated, using data from impedance measurements taken after successive strippings of the skin. The data were analyzed with respect to changes in the parameters of the equivalent Cole-Cole model after each stripping. For an exponential resistivity profile (Tregear, 1966, Physical Functions of Skin; Yamamoto and Yamamoto, 1976, Med. Biol. Eng., 14:151--158), the profile of the dielectric constant was shown to be uniform across the epidermis. Based on these results, a structural model has been formulated in terms of the relaxation theory of Maxwell and Wagner for inhomogeneous dielectric materials. The impedance locus obtained from the model approximates a circular are with phase constant alpha = 0.82, which compares favorably with experimental data. At higher frequencies a constant-phase, frequency-dependent component having the same phase constant alpha is also demonstrated. It is suggested that an approximately rectangular distribution of the relaxation time over the epidermal dielectric sheath is adequate to account for the anomalous frequency characteristics of human skin impedance. PMID- 7213929 TI - Electron transport across glycerol monooleate bilayer lipid membranes facilitated by magnesium etiochlorin. AB - The transport of electrons across biological membranes is believed to play an important role in many biophenomena. Although there have been many examples of systems which may be transporting electrons across Mueller-Rudin bilayer lipid membranes (blm), none has been well characterized. The system we describe here comprises a glycerol monooleate blm containing a magnesium etiochlorin (Mg-C) separating two aqueous phases each containing ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, KCl, and a platinum electrode. The E0s for the Mg-C+/Mg-C and ferri-/ferrocyanide couples are 0.22 and 0.24 V vs. SCE. Thus the MG-C+/Mb-C system is easily poised by the ferri-/ferrocyanide system. When the potentials of the ferri-/ferrocyanide couples are different on each side of the blm we show that the open-circuit membrane potential nearly equals the difference between the redox potentials. This is unequivocal evidence that electrons are being transferred across the blm from one aqueous phase to the other. On the basis of these experiments we deduce that electron transport is the major charge transport mechanism. When redox potentials are the same on each side of the blm, the conductance of the membrane can be greater than 10(-3) S/cm2. The conductance is proportional to the second power of the concentration of Mg-C in the membrane-forming mixture. A number of additional experiments are described which attempt to elucidate the mechanism of electron transfer. We believe that our data are consistent with the idea of an electron-hopping mechanism in which the transmembrane electron transport occurs by a series of second-order electron transfers between membrane-bound electron donors (Mg-C) and acceptors (Mg-C+). Alternative explanations are presented. PMID- 7213930 TI - An optical monitor of tension for small cardiac preparations. AB - When a light beam is focused on a muscle preparation which is allowed to contract, large changes in the intensity of the emerging light accompany the contraction. These movement-related optical signals were studied and compared to simultaneous measurements of force in isolated cardiac Purkinje fibers. The two signals were compared in response to action potentials and to graded changes in membrane potential controlled under voltage clamp. These experiments indicate that the optical signal is a sensitive monitor of tension development under these conditions. This technique is particularly well-suited to force measurements in smaller preparations in which direct mechanical techniques are not feasible. PMID- 7213931 TI - Body forces and pressures in elastic models of the myocardium. AB - Tension strands are introduced to represent active myocardial fibers. They create one body force proportional to the divergence of the tension-direction vector, and a second equal to the tension divided by the radius of curvature. Explicit solutions to isotropic linearly elastic tensor equations with these body forces are found for the radially-symmetric, linearly-isotropic, elastic spherical heart with arbitrary radial body force. They confirm experiments showing supraluminal intramural pressures. Such pressures may affect coronary perfusion. A tension strand model which is a reasonable compromise between actual myofibrillar geometry and analytical simplicity is the iso-oblique, terminating, nonintersecting model. The body force from that or any other axially symmetric body force can be the forcing term for equations in which the heart is modeled as a thin, ellipsoidal, elastic membrane. PMID- 7213932 TI - The lens as a nonuniform spherical syncytium. AB - The effective intracellular resistivity Ri of the ocular lens is a measure of the coupling between cells. Since degradation of coupling may accompany cataracts, measurements of Ri are of considerable interest. Experimental results show that the lens is a nonuniform syncytium in which Ri is much higher in the nuclear region than in the cortex. A theory describing the lens as a radially nonuniform spherical syncytium is proposed, solved, and described as a simple equivalent circuit. The impedance of the lens is measured with new circuitry which permits the accurate application and measurement of current and voltage over a wide bandwidth without arbitrary compensation of unstable capacitances. The fit of the nonuniform theory to experimental data is satisfactory and the parameters determined are consistent with theoretical assumptions. In the outer region (cortex) of the lens Ri = 2.4 k omega-cm, probably as a consequence of differences in coupling and cytoplasmic resistivity. The radial resistivity of the cortex is some five times the circumferential resistivity, demonstrating a marked anisotropy in the preparation, probably reflecting the anisotropy in the orientation of lens fibers and distribution of gap junctions. Current can flow in the circumferential direction without crossing from fiber to fiber; current can flow in the radial direction only by crossing from fiber to fiber. PMID- 7213933 TI - Osmotic shrinkage of giant egg-lecithin vesicles. AB - Osmotic shrinkage of giant egg-lecithin vesicles was observed by phase-contrast microscopy. The vesicles remained or became spherical when shrinking. Small and thick-walled vesicles formed visible fingers attached to the sphere. The water permeability of the single bilayer was found to be 41 micrometers/s. A variety of observations indicate that osmosis induces a parallel lipid flow between the monolayers of the bilayer, leading to a strong positive spontaneous curvature. They also suggest the formation of mostly submicroscopic daughter vesicles. The estimated coupling constant, 2 . 10(-6) mol/mol, is large enough to be biologically significant. PMID- 7213934 TI - Magnetic circular dichroism analysis of the IHP effect on spin equilibria in human ferric hemoglobins. AB - Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy has been to explore the connection between optical spectra and the high spin population of several hemoglobins under various conditions. It is found that the effectiveness of IHP in inducing spectral changes can be markedly affected by solvent. For example, the IHP induced spectral changes in the visible region for nitritomethemoglobin-A in mixed buffer solvent systems (glycerol or polyethylene glycol (PEG), mw 190-210) are more than double those observed in aqueous buffers. We estimate that IHP induces a mix of R/T forms in bis-tris phosphate buffers, for NO-2metHb that is only about 50%. While PEG and glycerol both lead to enhanced IHP-induced spectral differences, they behave differently in two aspects. PEG shifts the visible MCD and absorption spectra of F-metHb-A, supposedly already biased towards the T form by ligand, in the same direction that IHP does. PEG also maximizes the spin state changes with IHP for three R from hemoglobins and N-3metHb-A, and so appears to stabilize the T form in all cases. Glycerol does not. In addition, the apparent binding constant for NO-2 to H2OmetHb-A differs between these two solvents. Comparison of the data from several hemoglobins leads to the conclusion that the changes in spin state distributions induced by IHP correlate well with quaternary structure for a given hemoglobin. An analogous correlation amongst various proteins between initial spin state distribution (IHP) absent) and quaternary structure is not found. PMID- 7213935 TI - Torison dynamics and depolarization of fluorescence of linear macromolecules. II. Fluorescence polarization anisotropy measurements on a clean viral phi 29 DNA. AB - The decay of the fluorescence polarization anisotropy (FPA) of ethidium bromide bound to DNA has been studied over a range of time-spans from 18 ns to 120 ns with the aid of a picosecond dye laser. These FPA data have been fitted to three different functional forms: (1) the single-exponential-decay-plus-baseline employed by Wahl et al.; (2) the Initial Exponential Decay Zone formula of a recently developed rigid-rod and torsion spring model for the torsion dynamics of DNA; (3) the Intermediate Zone formula of that same model. At any fixed experimental time-span the formulas (2) and (3) provide slightly better fits than formula (1), but cannot be distinguished from each other by reduced chi-squared values alone, However, only the Intermediate Zone formula fits the data from all different time-spans with the same set of physical parameters The parameters determined for formulas (1) and (2) vary with the time-span of the experiment in a characteristic manner that can be rationalized in the event that the FPA actually follows the Intermediate Zone curve. The fact that the torsion dynamics for this DNA is well described by the Intermediate Zone formula discounts the possibility of distinct widely spaced torsion joints in such clean DNAs. We are able to provide the first reliable value for the torsional rigidity of DNA, C = 1.29 +/- 0.10 X 10(-19) dyne cm2 in 0.01 M NaCl at 25 degree C. PMID- 7213936 TI - Toroidal elastic supercoiling of DNA. PMID- 7213937 TI - Role of aldehydes in collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro. PMID- 7213938 TI - Viscoelastic properties of protein crystals: triclinic crystals of hen egg white lysozyme in different conditions. PMID- 7213939 TI - Structure of viral phi 29 DNA condensed by simple triamines: a light-scattering and electron-microscopy study. PMID- 7213940 TI - Electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry of cis- and trans-S-(2 hydroxycyclohexyl)-N-acetyl-(1)-cysteine methyl esters. AB - The electron impact and chemical ionization (ammonia and methane) mass spectral behaviour of the cis- and trans-(2-hydroxycyclohexyl)-mercapturic acid methyl esters, metabolites of cyclohexeneoxide, was examined. Only with chemical ionization was it possible to differentiate between these two configurational isomers, by observing the stereoselective loss of H2O from the protonated molecular ions. Using this stereoselective process, a method was developed for the assessment of the relative amounts of stereoisomeric mercapturic acids, excreted as metabolites in the urine of rats treated with cyclohexeneoxide. PMID- 7213941 TI - A multiple-scan high resolution mass spectrometer data system for the analysis of mixtures: the analysis of morphine in liver. AB - A high resolution mass spectrometer operating with a laboratory data system in multiple scan mode allows the generation of high resolution evaporation profiles for any m/z value. The system allows fast qualitative and quantitative analysis of components of complex mixtures. System performance is evaluated by analysis of morphine in liver samples; a precision of 15% at the 0.1 microgram g-1 level is obtainable on post-mortem samples. PMID- 7213942 TI - Studies on anabolic steroids. The mass spectra of 17 alpha-methyl-17 beta-hydroxy 1,4-androstadien-3-one (Dianabol) and its metabolites. AB - The metabolism of 17 alpha-methyl-17 beta-hydroxy-1,4-androstadien-3-one (dianabol) in human adults has been studied in detail by computer aided capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry. After oral administration to man six metabolites were determined in the free fraction of the urine samples, the structures of which have been identified as 17-epidianabol, three isomers of 6 hydroxydianabol, 17 alpha-methyl-17 beta-hydroxy-1,4,6-androstatrien-3-one (delta 6-dianabol) and 18-nor-17,17-dimethyl-1,4,13(14)-androstatrien-3-one, respectively. In agreement with previous observations no measurable amounts of the administered drug itself could be detected in any of the urine samples investigated. The mass spectra of all metabolites and the main fragmentation processes are discussed in detail. PMID- 7213944 TI - The synthesis of some lipid-like structures in simulated primeval Earth conditions. AB - Starting from a simple gas mixture rich in methane, suggested as being a model of the primeval atmosphere for a certain time period, we succeeded in synthesizing lipid-like compounds. The hydrophobic nature of the products was demonstrated by IR, NMR, MS, elementary analysis, gel filtration measurements and solubility tests. The hydrophobic products self-assemble in stable, uniformly sized microspheres possessing membrane-like properties. They can selectively retain biologically active compounds. The wall-membrane of the microspheres shows a supramolecular order. PMID- 7213945 TI - Influenza virus assembly and its defects. AB - The most abundant protein within the influenza virus particles is membrane protein (M protein) which forms an inner virus membrane under a lipid bilayer and plays the role of mediator during the process of assembly of a virus particle on plasma membranes. Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EAT) when infected with influenza virus, strain WSN, produced virus-like particles containing greatly reduced amounts of M protein. Such particles were extremely fragile and easily lost hemagglutinins. The loss of this glycoprotein was accompanied by a decrease in infectious activity. SDS-PAGE analysis of RNA duplexes formed after hybridization of intracellular labeled mRNAs and unlabeled virion RNA showed that the mRNA for M protein was synthesized in EAT nearly in the same amounts as in productively infected chicken fibroblasts. Accordingly, M protein was readily revealed when the polypeptides of infected EAT were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Thus, the reduced amount of M protein in virus particles was likely not due to the decrease in its synthesis but rather to its defective structure or to its defective transport and misintegration into plasma membranes of EAT. PMID- 7213946 TI - Mathematical analysis of the oncornavirus maturation process (virion RNA conversion and morphological condensation). AB - The rate of the maturation process of avian myeloblastosis virus experimentally estimated on the basis of genomic viral RNA conversion and morphological transition of virions was mathematically analysed. Three mathematical models were suggested and fitted to experimental data. It was found that: (a) model of simple kinetics (Model 1) does not agree with experimental data. Therefore, two hypotheses were considered in further mathematical modelling: (b) virions are identical in time of budding: maturation is dependent on the presence of a virion component which is degraded with time (Model 2). This model agrees with experimental data in all stages of the maturation process. (c) Virions are released from cells at different stages of assembly (Model 3). This model differs from experimental data especially in early stages of maturation. The hypothesis used for the construction of Model 2 seems to be the most plausible to explain the maturation process and is in agreement with data of murine leukemia virus maturation which was found to be accomplished by cleavage of p70 precursor protein. PMID- 7213943 TI - Formation of specific amino acid sequences during thermal polymerization of amino acids. AB - The mechanism of the thermal polymerization (at 180 degrees C) of glutamic acid, tyrosine, and glycine has been studied. Glutamic acid is quickly and almost completely converted into pyroglutamic acid. The only dipeptide that is formed by dimerization of the remaining two amino acids is cyclic glycyl-tyrosine (a diketopiperazine). In a secondary reaction pyroglutamic acid interacts with cyclic glycyl-tyrosine and yields pyroglutamyl-glycyl-tyrosine and pyroglutamyl tyrosyl-glycine. Other di- or tripeptides are not observed. The preferential appearance of the two pyroglutamyl-peptides has been reported earlier by Nakashima et al. (1977). The present data explain those results. Model experiments show that cyclic glycyl-tyrosine can also be cleaved by other acids or bases. In the presence of acetic acid at 118 degrees C N-acetyl-glycyl tyrosine is the major product. Partial hydrolysis predominantly yields tyrosyl glycine. These effects are explained by stereospecific interactions. The results on self-ordering of amino acids during peptide formation are discussed in respect of the origin of prebiotic enzymes and genetic information. PMID- 7213947 TI - On kinetics of phase transitions in cell membranes. AB - Phase transitions in a bicomponent lipid membrane are considered. It is shown that in this case metastable states practically do not arise and phase transitions are smooth and hysteresisless. An elastic frame on the surface of the membrane changes the character of phase transitions: they become sharp and hysteretic. The role of membrane phase transitions for regulation of cell processes is considered. PMID- 7213948 TI - Biogenic magnetite as a basis for magnetic field detection in animals. AB - Bacteria, sharks, honey bees, and homing pigeons as well as other organisms seem to detect the direction of the earth's magnetic field. Indirect but reproducible evidence suggests that the bees and birds can also respond to very minute changes in its intensity. The mechanisms behind this sensitivity are not known. Naturally magnetic, biologically precipitated magnetite (Fe3O4) has been found in chitons, magnetotactic bacteria, honey bees, homing pigeons, and dolphins. Its mineralization in localized areas may be associated with the ability of these animals to respond to the direction and intensity of the earth's magnetic field. The presence of large numbers (approximately 10(8)) of superparamagnetic magnetite crystals in honey bees and similar numbers of single-domain magnetite grains in pigeons suggests that there may be at least two basic types of ferrimagnetic magnetoreceptive organelles. Theoretical calculations show that ferrimagnetic organs using either type of grain when integrated by the nervous system are capable of accounting for even the most extreme magnetic field sensitivities reported. Indirect evidence suggests that organic magnetite may be a common biological component, and may account for the results of numerous high field and electromagnetic experiments on animals. PMID- 7213949 TI - An artificial cognitive map system. AB - A blueprint for a geometric information processor is described. The system essentially combines a digital scan converter with a digital flight simulator. The latter's 'local' (Poincarean) rather than standing (Helmholtzian) display may have advantages in 3-dimensional diagnostic imaging. At the same time, the system provides a technologically realizable abstract model in terms of which to express (and perhaps eventually explain) the experimental results of O'Keefe and Nadel on the functioning of the hippocampus in the mammalian brain. PMID- 7213950 TI - Ess-theory for finite populations. AB - On the basis of some principles from the philosophy of science, the inadequacy of the ESS-theory as introduced by Maynard Smith and Price as a biological theory is discussed, and an improved ESS-theory for finite populations is presented which can adopt the ideas of the original formalism, although modified. Resulting are explicit conditions on the population sizes that ensure certain strategies to be evolutionarily stable. PMID- 7213951 TI - Heart rate, multiple body temperature, long-range and long-life telemetry system for free-ranging animals. AB - A long-range and long-life telemetry system for heart rate and multiple body temperatures from free-ranging animals is described. This system includes an implantable transmitter, external receiver-retransmitter collar, and a signal conditioner interface circuit to assist in demodulation of receiver tone outputs before data processing. The size of the implant is suitable for animals with body weights of a few kilograms or more; further size reduction of the implant is possible. The ECG is sensed by electrodes designed for internal telemetry and to reduce movement artifacts. The R-wave characteristics are then specifically selected to trigger a short radio frequency pulse. Temperatures are sensed at desired locations by thermistors and then, based on a heart-beat counter, transmitted intermittently via pulse interval modulation. This modulation scheme includes first and last calibration intervals for a reference by ratios with the temperature intervals for as much as a range of 0-50 degrees C with a resolution of 0.1 degrees C. Pulse duration and pulse sequencing are used to discriminate between heart rate and temperature pulses as well as radio frequency interference. The implanted transmitter might be used alone for experiments on animals that frequent particular locations within a large territory, on animals in virtually any laboratory situation, or on animals in moderate-sized enclosures, such as those in a zoological garden. The implanted transmitter is otherwise interfaced with the receiver-retransmitter collar that employs commercial tracking equipment to achieve the long-range transmission. The objective of the design was to achieve a high degree of experimental flexibility and overall high quality in performance. The system was tested in prototype form on a dog. PMID- 7213952 TI - Immobilization of wild ungulates: considerations and drugs. AB - Chemical immobilization of wild ungulates is a widely used tool of the wildlife researcher and is frequently necessary in the application of telemetry devices. Persons who immobilize wild animals simultaneously assume responsibility for the well-being of those animals. Considerations which must be made prior to immobilization, and some drugs used in ungulate immobilization are briefly discussed. PMID- 7213953 TI - A biotelemetry system for monitoring heart rates in unrestrained ungulates. AB - An EKG telemetry system has been designed for use on free-living ungulates. An FM transmitter with a battery life of 2 +/-0.5 months and a range of 2-6 km is mounted on the back of the animal by means of an adjustable harness. The EKG signal is detected by subdermal electrodes overlying the sternum and transmitted to an FM receiver equipped with a frequency down-converter. The output of the receiver is the modulated audio carrier which is recorded on magnetic tape. The EKG waveform is recovered from the tape-recorded signal using an FM demodulator connected to a strip chart recorder. PMID- 7213954 TI - Antenna-to-input stage matching for lowest noise figure in animal-tracking receivers. AB - There is a difference in designing the antenna-to-input stage matching in receivers for optimum noise figure and maximum power transfer. The former is the predominant requirement for animal-tracking receivers, but tests have shown that this is not always attained in practice although the design procedure is known. A simple theoretical analysis explains how this difference arises and is supported by test results for a very sensitive tracking receiver. PMID- 7213955 TI - Activity recording of radio-tagged animals. AB - A system for automatic activity recording of free-living animals instrumented for radio tracking is described. Technical details are given on a recorder, based on a frictionless transducer assuring extreme accuracy (Gould Brush 220 and 222). Activity separation from chart roll diagrams is possible for inactivity (resting, lying, etc.) and some activity performances like moving while foraging on a restricted area, steady movements of a walking pace, and rapid movements (running and jumping). Distinction between different activities could be done with an accuracy of less than 1 min. Examples from recorded data of an instrumented free living roe deer and a mountain hare at the Grimso Research Area are shown. For both species daily activity pattern is more or less related to sunrise and sunset, when activity reaches its highest value. Except for the roe deer in winter, day activity is lower than during night. The mean length of active periods in roe deer is fairly equal between winter and summer while mean length of inactive periods is significantly extended in winter. This could be explained by the digestive processes in relation to food quality. PMID- 7213956 TI - Intraperitoneal transmitters in suckling white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus. AB - Intraperitoneal transmitter implantation in suckling white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, was studied. Postnatal morphological development varied. Age ranged from 9 to 16 days, and body weight ranged from 4.4 to 7.3 g. Interference by mothers prevented successful implantation on sucklings which retained their neonatal appearance. Growth was measured in 6 sucklings for 21 days. Observed growth rates based on daily weight gain per 24 h were 0.29 and 0.32 g for implanted and control mice, respectively. Transmitter implantation resulted in a significant short-term weight loss (mean = 0.56 g) which was recouped prior to weaning. There was no evidence of impaired coordination or locomotor disability. This study concluded that intraperitoneal implantation is possible in suckling P. leucopus if surgery is delayed until venter pelage has developed sufficiently and eyes have been open at least 2 days. A few implications of using this technique to radio track small mammals are suggested. PMID- 7213957 TI - Report of the committee on comparative mapping. PMID- 7213958 TI - International System for Human Gene Nomenclature (1979) ISGN (1979). PMID- 7213959 TI - In vitro epithelia and birth defects. Proceedings of the workshop "Study of human birth defects using cultured epithelium", Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland. PMID- 7213961 TI - Measurement of epithelial cell adhesion during the transition from suspension to stationary culture. PMID- 7213960 TI - A new approach for establishment of human epithelial lines: suspension cultures. PMID- 7213962 TI - The use of the athymic nude mouse for growth of human tumors: some current problems. PMID- 7213963 TI - Application of monolayer culture techniques to the study of human epithelium. PMID- 7213964 TI - In vitro growth and characterization of human skin cells. PMID- 7213965 TI - Disorders affecting cellular communications in oral tissues: gap junctions. PMID- 7213966 TI - Tooth epithelial differentiation in vitro and congenital craniofacial malformation. PMID- 7213967 TI - Human newborn urine as a source of epithelial cells. PMID- 7213968 TI - Selection of epithelial cells in culture by D-valine medium. PMID- 7213969 TI - The use of human intestinal mucosa in organ culture for the study of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7213971 TI - Liver cell culture: current status and prospects for the study of inherited diseases. PMID- 7213970 TI - Establishment of human colonic mucosal culture strains from colonoscopy specimens. PMID- 7213972 TI - The use of cell and organ culture methods to study renal birth defects. PMID- 7213973 TI - ABH blood group antigens on cultured epithelial cells. PMID- 7213974 TI - Epithelial cultures and birth defects. PMID- 7213975 TI - Growth and characterization of functional epithelial cells on selective substrates. PMID- 7213977 TI - Overall genetic significance of the use of epithelial cultures in studying human birth defects expressed in epithelium. PMID- 7213979 TI - Views on the future for in vitro epithelial studies on human birth defects expressed in epithelium. PMID- 7213976 TI - A genetic social worker's brief comments on the continued participation of families in birth defect research. PMID- 7213978 TI - Overview--"state of the art" and its potential. PMID- 7213980 TI - Can proline analogues be used to prevent fibroblasts from overgrowing cultures of epithelial cells? PMID- 7213981 TI - Culture of urinary cells. PMID- 7213982 TI - Pathogenesis of hereditary inner ear abnormalities in animals. AB - There are many different genetic syndromes in animals which result in deafness. Two major types of inherited deafness are known. The most common in animals, including man, is that in which there is early cell death of the neural epithelium. This is found in the cat, dog, mink, guinea pig, and mouse. The second type of inner ear deafness is associated with malformations of both the bony form of the inner ear and the neural epithelium. This type of deafness is that which is found in the kreisler mouse. It is also found in man, but appears to be less common than the early cell death in which there is no malformation of the bony labyrinth. This form of inherited deafness has been associated and may be secondary to genetic abnormalities of the developing CNS. PMID- 7213983 TI - Childhood hearing loss: epidemiology and implications. PMID- 7213985 TI - Hereditary hearing loss and ear dysplasia-renal adysplasia syndromes: syndrome delineation and possible pathogenesis. PMID- 7213984 TI - Central deafness: fact or fiction? AB - Although there has been some skepticism about the existence of central hearing loss because of the absence of an acceptable tool for its evaluation, techniques are now available for its measurement. There are some excellent behavioral methods available [1]. However, with judicious use of ABR, electrocochleography, and transcranially and ipsilaterally elicited middle-ear muscle reflexes, certain forms of central dysfunction can be studied physiologically. PMID- 7213987 TI - Mechanical properties of human cerebral arteries. PMID- 7213986 TI - Morphogenesis and teratogenesis of the middle ear in animals. PMID- 7213988 TI - Mathematical characterization of the nonlinear rheological behavior of the vascular tissue. PMID- 7213989 TI - Mechanical properties of arteries as a function of topography and age. PMID- 7213990 TI - A comparison of rheological constitutive functions for whole human blood. PMID- 7213991 TI - Relationship between mucus viscoelasticity and ciliary transport in guaran gel/frog palate model system. PMID- 7213992 TI - An analysis of the clotting curves of complex dynamic rigidity for fibrinogen thrombin solutions. PMID- 7213993 TI - Effects of hypercholesterolemia and onions on rheology of blood in rabbits. PMID- 7213994 TI - Damping effect of distensible tubes on turbulent flow: implications in the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7213996 TI - The sedimentation velocity of individual human erythrocytes as a function of temperature. PMID- 7213995 TI - A note on hemolysis during filtration through micropores. PMID- 7213997 TI - [Character of liver mechanoreceptor spike activity after stopping blood flow through the hepatic veins]. AB - The spontaneous activity and responses of hepatic mechanoreceptors to an increase in the portal circulation volume were examined before and after the stopping of the outflow from hepatic veins in anesthetized cats. Most of spontaneously "silent" receptors responded with high frequency impulses immediately after the clamping of the hepatic veins. In the units with a low resting activity, there took place a gradual increase in discharge frequency and its peak was seen 2--6 minutes later. In the units with high initial activity, the impulsation disappeared completely 0.5--1 min after the stopping of the outflow. The responses to an increase in the portal circulation volume during the stopping of the outflow was absent in all the units. After removal of the venous clamp the activity of these units returned to the initial level and so did the responses to an increase in the portal circulation volume. An importance of afferent signalization of hepatic mechanoreceptors is discussed for water-salt homeostasis control in pathological conditions in which the normal venous outflow is deranged. PMID- 7213999 TI - [Mechanism of changing the cellular composition of the bone marrow during experimental toxic diphtheria]. AB - Hemopoietic shifts in the bone marrow under experimental diphtheria intoxication have been studied. The number of immature elements of the erythroid series was shown to be lowered in the presence of an increase in the granulocyte pool. Under these conditions the erythroid sprout did not respond to bloodletting and the number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood significantly dropped. However, there was an increase in the inclusion of 59Fe in red cells. The adrenomimetic ephedrine raised the content of reticulocytes in blood and 59Fe inclusion in red cells in the experimental animals and stimulated the reproduction of the erythroid series cells. PMID- 7213998 TI - [Changes in capillary circulation in hypertension of different etiology]. AB - Contact microscopy was used to examine the state of capillary blood flow in the oral cavity mucosa in renal hypertension and in essential hypertension. Simultaneously some of biochemical parameters which influence aggregation of red blood cells were determined (lipids, globulins, fibrinogen content, presence of fibrinogen B in the blood, fibrinolytic and heparin activity of blood plasma). Along with the similarity of the capillaroscopy picture of the blood in both types of hypertension there have been revealed differences which together with other indicators can be applied to differential diagnosis of the diseases. Correlation between these indicators and red cell aggregation has been demonstrated. PMID- 7214000 TI - [Proximo-distal gradient of the paramucosal pH in the digestive tract of normal rats and at different times after bilateral truncal vagotomy]. AB - Membrane pH (mpH) of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, caecum and rectum was measured in intact and vagotomized rats 1--220 days after operation. It was ascertained that in the digestive canal of control and experimental rats there is a proximodistal gradient of mpH that is marked by two local pH drops: gastroduodenal and ileocaecal. Vagotomy results in changes of the mpH-relief of the gastrointestinal tract. The most pronounced changes were detected in the early period (days 1 and 7) after operation. After 14 days there sets in a temporary and relative normalization of the mpH gradient of the digestive canal. In the later periods (60--220 days) after vagotomy the changes in mpH could be seen only in the stomach. PMID- 7214001 TI - [Relationship between the effect of bradykinin on microvessels and their initial tonus]. AB - The effect of bradykinin on microcirculation was studied in vivo on the rat mesentery. Bradykinin (0.01--10 micrograms) caused three types of reactions of arterioles and venules (constriction, dilatation, no changes in the diameter) in relation to the dose used. Preliminary application of noradrenaline changed the sensitivity of microvessels to bradykinin towards the increased frequency of dilatation. The increased permeability by red cells in postcapillaries and in venules arose in the areas of the greatest stretch (sites of confluences and ridges of vessels wavy in outline) and was accompanied by deformation and shortening of venules. It was disclosed that bradykinin exerted a pronounced pain effect that promoted awakening of the animals from anesthesia. PMID- 7214002 TI - [Effect of indomethacin on the development of noradrenaline-induced heart lesions in rats]. AB - The isolated perfused rat heart was used to study the damaging effect of noradrenaline. This effect is observed when noradrenaline is added to the perfusate. The degree of cellular damage was assessed from creatine phosphokinase release into the perfusate. Pretreatment of rats with indomethacin increases heart injury induced by noradrenaline. The results of the experiments suggest that the effect of indomethacin is related to its ability to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 7214003 TI - [Effect of lithium preparations on cardiac arrhythmias induced by strophanthin]. AB - It was shown in experiments on cats that when strophanthin K injected intravenously induced ventricular arrhythmias followed by an insignificant reduction of the sympathetic activity (recorded from the cardiac nerve), lithium chloride and lithium hydroxybutyrate did not produce any effect on arrhythmia but lowered the sympathetic activity. When strophanthin-induced arrhythmias were accompanied by an increase in the sympathetic activity (animals with vagus section and denervation of the sinocarotid and cardioaortal zones), lithium hydroxybutyrate led to the diminution of the sympathetic activity and exerted antiarrhythmic effects. It is concluded that in the mechanisms of the antiarrhythmic effect an important role belongs to its depressant effect on the hyperactivated adrenergic extracardiac apparatus. PMID- 7214004 TI - [Nature of the relation between the anticonvulsant action of phenazepam and its concentration in mouse brain]. AB - A method has been suggested for simultaneous recording of the content of 12C phenazepam and its metabolites in the mouse brain and of minimum effective doses of corasole intravenously that induce the tonic extension of the animals. Parameters of the two-compartmental kinetic model of absorption, distribution and elimination of 14C-products in the mouse brain were determined. These processes conform to the first order kinetics. A correlation was disclosed between the content of radioactive products in the animals' brain and minimum effective doses of corasole. A linear decline of the anticonvulsant action of phenazepam was revealed during the experimental period. Radiochromatography enabled one to detect the parent compound and its 3-hydroxy metabolite in mouse brain extracts. PMID- 7214005 TI - [Study of the activating effect of small doses of haloperidol]. AB - The effect of low doses of haloperidol was studied by means of screening and electrophysiological tests. In doses of 0.05--0.15 mg/Kg haloperidol exerts an activating effect which manifests in the elevation of motility, in the potentiation of the convulsant effect of bicuculline, EEG desynchronization and decrement of test response depression in the recovery cycle of the somatosensory primary response. The data obtained suggest that the activating effect of haloperidol is due to the weakening of inhibitory processes in the brain. PMID- 7214006 TI - [Mechanisms of action of NAD in cerebral circulatory insufficiency]. AB - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) decreases the resistance of cerebral vessels and increases the local (hydrogen clearance) and regional (133Xe clearance) cortical blood flow in intact cats. In cerebral blood flow deficiency the level of ammonia in brain tissue is appreciably increased. Favouring normalization of the deranged cerebral blood flow NAD neutralizes excess ammonia by means of glutamate dehydrogenase activity recovery in the reduction amination reaction. This indicates that NAD influences the neurochemical mechanisms of compensatory regulation of the cerebral blood flow. PMID- 7214007 TI - [Participation of products of macrophage origin in regulating monocytopoiesis]. AB - Products secreted by mouse peritoneal macrophages phagocytizing latex particles in monolayer culture in vitro were found to induce monocytosis in vivo. They inhibited mouse bone marrow colony formation and simultaneously stimulated the accumulation of immature macrophages in semisolid agar culture. The addition of these products to the liquid bone marrow culture resulted in reduction of proliferative activity of non-adherent cells and in increase of proliferative activity of adherent cells as revealed from 3H-thymidine uptake. The possible role of the products secreted by macrophage in feedback regulation is discussed. PMID- 7214008 TI - [Methionine synthetase activity in tumor cells following administration of methylcobalamin and its analog]. AB - Methylcobalamin (10 microgram/kg bw, intramuscularly, on the 3d and 5th days after tumor transplantation) or methylcobalamin chlorpalladat -- MeCbl.PdCl3 (250 mg/kg bw in 2% starch suspension per os on the 2d and 6th days) were given to C57BI mice bearing adenocarcinoma Ca--755. On the 8th day after transplantation the methionine synthetase activity and proliferative pool of tumor cells were estimated. It has been disclosed that under the effect of MeCbl the activity of methionine synthetase rises concurrently with an increase in pool of the proliferating cells. Inhibition of tumor growth (by 80--90%) after the treatment with MeCbl.PdCl3 correlated with a decrease in the holoenzyme level in tumor cells. PMID- 7214009 TI - [Prospects for studying myocardial contractility in human autopsy material]. AB - The experiments were carried out on isolated strips of the myocardium of the right atrium and on papillary muscles of the right ventricle from 11 subjects aged 5 to 87 years who died in car accidents, from asphyxia, CO poisoning, ischemic heart disease. The time between death and beginning of the experiment ranged within 1.5 to 60 hours. It was ascertained that the chronoinotropy of human heart strips as well as the reaction to adrenaline, noradrenaline and acetylcholine were similar to those obtained in animal experiments. PMID- 7214010 TI - [Morphology of the induction process during following bone matrix implantation in mice]. AB - A decalcified bone matrix was implanted intramuscularly to normal mice, to mice irradiated by 450 R, to mice with curretaged femur and beneath the renal capsule in normal mice. In the course of implantation the bone induction was noted in 80% of cases. In all the series of experiments, the implants had different degrees of maturity of induced bone tissue and different extent of repopulation of the induced bone by hemopoietic cells. Hemopoietic cells inhabited young osteogenic tissue with a well marked osteoblastic layer and formed bone marrow cavity. No hemopoiesis was observed in the case of induction of cavity-free bone tissue plates or mature bones with bone marrow cavity but without osteoblastic layer. PMID- 7214011 TI - [Features of hematopoiesis in mice protected from the lethal effect of cytosar by deoxycytidine]. AB - Simultaneous administration to B6 female mice of deoxycytidine in doses exceeding 2--3-fold those of cytosar (20 mg/kg three times a day for 4 days) prevents lethal toxicity induced by cytosar, protects the bone marrow and spleen, hemopoietic stem cells, myeloid and erythroid cells of the bone marrow, spleen and blood. It also protects spleen and blood lymphocytes from cytosar toxic effect by does not protect thymus or bone marrow lymphocytes. PMID- 7214012 TI - [Cell division reaction in mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor in response to adrenaline]. AB - Adrenaline exerts the mitosis-inhibitory effect at a single intraperitoneal administration to mice with Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma. The dose of 1 microgram/g bw produces an effect that lasts over one hour with subsequent normalization of the mitotic index. The doses of 1.5 and 2 microgram provide an effect that lasts during the whole experiment. The changes in the mitotic activity indicate that the tumor reacts to adrenaline by mitosis inhibition and thus retains adrenoreception inherent in normal tissues. The difference in the degree and duration of inhibition after injection of various doses of adrenaline are consequent on their action on specific phases of mitosis. PMID- 7214013 TI - [Changes in the concentration of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in rabbit fetuses following encephalectomy]. AB - Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) were detected by radioimmunoassay in the thyroid gland and serum of encephalectomized and intact rabbit fetuses. Encephalectomy performed on the 22-23d day of development did not produce any effect on thyroid hormone concentrations in 29-day-old fetuses. However, on the 30th day the concentrations of T2 and T4 in the thyroid gland were significantly lower in the encephalectomized fetuses than in the intact ones. These findings were consistent with changes in the morphological structure of the thyroid gland. The results obtained indicate that the hypothalamus begins to control thyroid function in the rabbit fetuses apparently from the 30th day of prenatal life. PMID- 7214014 TI - [Effect of orotic acid, calcium pangamate, and lipamide on ultrastructural changes in lipocytes in hepatic dystrophy]. AB - Experiments on 50 albino rats with liver dystrophy caused by carbon tetrachloride have shown that orotic acid calcium pangamate and lipamide decrease the damage to subcellular structures of hepatocytes, favour normalization of cytoplasmatic cell components. Combined use of orotic acid and calcium pangamate was found to promote more positive effect on membranous constituents and hyperplastic processes in liver parenchymal cells as compared with the effect that might be attained by applications of the drugs alone. The combined use of the drugs is also conducive to more intensive intracellular reparative regeneration. PMID- 7214015 TI - [Correlation between electroencephalogram rhythms and periodic gastric motility in fasting dogs]. AB - The correlation between the frequency EEG spectrum and cycle phases of the gastric periodic motility was studied in the day and evening time in chronic experiments on 2 fasting dogs with chronic stomach fistulas and 8 pairs of silver bipolar electrodes implanted into the cranial bones. Consistent changes were observed in the correlation of rapid and slow EEG components according to each type of the periodic motility, the wave portion with a frequency of 2--8 Hz in the total electrical brain activity being minimum and that with a frequency of 20 -30 Hz being maximum in the contraction phases. In the phases of the stomach rest, the correlations were reverse. The total portion of the waves with frequencies of 8--12 and 12--20 Hz changed insignificantly during each cycle. The time course of changes in the frequency EEG spectrum was also studied within each cycle phase. Preliminary verification of a possible role of the interoceptive signals from the contracted stomach in the mechanism of the correlation observed provided negative results. PMID- 7214016 TI - Enhancement of iron chelation by desferrioxamine entrapped in red blood cell ghosts. AB - We have exploited the physiologic mechanism for removal of red cells from the circulation to target the iron chelator desferrioxamine to reticuloendothelial iron stores. Compared with free desferrioxamine injected intravenously, the same dose of desferrioxamine entrapped in resealed red blood cell ghosts resulted in a fourfold to fivefold increase in excretion of radioiron in rats with a selective 59Fe radiolabel of reticuloendothelial iron stores. Desferrioxamine in red cell ghosts did not enhance excretion in rats with selective radiolabeling of parenchymal iron stores. In rats with uniformly radiolabeled iron stores, desferrioxamine in red cell ghosts produced an eightfold to ninefold greater loss of iron in the urine free desferrioxamine intravenously or by slow subcutaneous infusion. Desferrioxamine in red cell ghosts resulted in significantly greater fecal excretion of iron than intravenous desferrioxamine, but desferrioxamine in red cell ghosts and subcutaneous desferrioxamine infusion resulted in similar fecal iron excretion. Clinical application of the red cell ghost method for administration of desferrioxamine and other iron chelators may ber useful for improvement of iron chelation efficiency. PMID- 7214017 TI - Cultured erythroid cells as a model for Hb regulation: ability of cultured cells to synthesize Hb lepore and HbA2 and to maintain balanced globin synthesis. PMID- 7214018 TI - Transient leukemoid proliferation of the cytogenetically unbalanced +21 cell line of a constitutional mosaic boy. AB - A newborn without any signs of Down's syndrome was found to have an acute proliferation that remitted without drug therapy. Chromosomal analysis of blood, bone marrow, and skin cells revealed that the child was a constitutional mosaic with normal cells and a low number of cells in which one no. 21 chromosome was replaced by a probably isochromosome for the no. 21 long arm: 46,XY/46,XY,i(21q). The abnormal cell line of the mosaic appeared to be selectively involved in this proliferation. PMID- 7214019 TI - The measurement of lymphocyte volume: importance of reference particle deformability and counting solution tonicity. AB - We have determined the influence of reference particle deformability and suspending buffer tonicity on the measurement of lymphocyte volume by an electronic particle volume analyzer. When the volume analyzer was standardized with latex spherules having a shape factor (fe) of 1.5, red cell volume was 96 cu micron and lymphocyte volume was 289 cu micron. The red cell volume corresponded closely to the true red cell volume; the true lymphocyte volume, however, was 218 cu micron when measured by the lymphocytocrit/lymphocyte count and 203 cu micron by wet lymphocyte weight and density (mean approximately 210 cu micron). The difference between the electronic volume (Ve) of 289 cu micron and true lymphocyte volume of 210 cu micron was due to the influence of lymphocyte deformability (shape factor) as it traverses the sizing aperture. Since the true volume equals the Ve/fe, the red cells with a shape factor near 1.0 were sized appropriately by this method. In contrast, the lymphocyte shape factor was 1.38; thus, the true lymphocyte volume was 289 cu micron/1.38 or 210 cu micron. The tonicity of the suspending solution also influenced the measurement of particle volume when osmotically inactive standard particles (e.g., latex spherules) were used as a reference. Whereas the true lymphocyte volume was 210 cu micron at 286 mosmole/liter, it was 194 cu micron at 330 and 229 cu micron at 250 mosmole/liter. The standard counting solution, Isoton, is hyperosmolar (330 mosmole/liter) and causes an 8% shrinkage of osmotically active cells. PMID- 7214020 TI - Functional study of lipids of PNH red cell membranes: susceptibility of liposomes to reactive lysis. AB - Lipids extracted with chloroform-methanol from red blood cell membranes of 7 PNH and 13 control subjects were used for the preparation of liposomes, which were then examined with the reactive lysis test. PNH liposomes lysed to a higher extent than control liposomes as indicated by the higher dilution of the limiting complement reagent that was necessary to lyse 50% of the PNH liposomes. A similar finding was also observed with liposomes made of lipids from AET-treated red cells. The enhanced reactive lysis can be attributed to the polar lipid fraction, as indicated by the increased lysis of hybrid liposomes prepared from this polar lipids extracted from PNH erythrocyte membrane and lipids extracted from normal erythrocyte membrane. The increased susceptibility to reactive lysis does not seem to be specific of PNH liposomes, since it was also observed with liposomes prepared from lipids of red cells from beta-thalassemia major and autoimmune hemolytic disease. PMID- 7214021 TI - Regeneration of hemopoietic precursor cells in spleen organ cultures from irradiated mice: influence of genotype of cells injected and of the spleen microenvironment. AB - The regeneration of hemopoietic precursor cells (colony-forming cells, CFC) was monitored in spleen organ cultures from lethally irradiated mice injected with 10(7) normal syngeneic or allogeneic bone marrow cells. The important role of the microenvironment in supporting hemopoiesis was confirmed by the failure of mutant S1/S1d spleens to support CFC regeneration in organ cultures. However, the extent and quality of the CFC regeneration was clearly dependent on the genetic properties of the injected cells. Evidence for this was obtained from the regeneration patterns of various CFC types in organ cultured spleens derived from different mouse donor-recipient strain combinations (CBA/CBA, CBA/C57BL, CBA/BALB/c, C57BL/C57BL, C57BL/CBA, C57BL/BALB/c) that maintained the differences in the bone marrow frequency of various CFC types characteristic of the donor strain. PMID- 7214023 TI - Purification of erythroblastic nests. AB - We describe a method for preparing purified erythroblastic nests in large numbers (approximately 10(6)/run) in three steps: (1) induction of splenic erythropoiesis in mice, (2) preparative differential centrifugation for the removal of erythrocytes and single cells from spleen cell suspensions, and (3) sedimentation in an isokinetic gradient of Ficoll 400 in Joklik's modification of minimum essential medium. Viability of isolated EN is very high, as demonstrated by the trypan blue exclusion and in vitro erythrocyte formation methods. PMID- 7214022 TI - Neutrophil iodination reaction induced by fluoride: implications for degranulation and metabolic activation. PMID- 7214024 TI - Lactoferrin: a promoter of polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesiveness. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) degranulate, adhere to vascular endothelium, or aggregate to each other following exposure of the cells to high concentrations of chemotactic stimuli such as formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP). PMN released the specific granule product lactoferrin more readily in response to chemotactic stimuli, which correlated with promotion of PMN aggregation as measured by light transmission and enhanced PMN adherence. Both concanavalin A (Con-A) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), agents that lead to specific granule discharge, induced and sustained human PMN aggregation. Similarly, supernatants, generated from Con-A-treated PMN, aggregated fresh PMN in the presence of alpha methylmannoside, a competitive inhibitor of the lectin. Anti-human lactoferrin IgG but not normal goat IgG blunted the aggregation elicited by both PMA and FMLP. Both human milk lactoferrin and rabbit PMN lactoferrin aggregated human lactoferrin promoted PMN adherence to endothelial cells. The enhanced PMN stickiness was correlated with the early phase of degranulation. Thus, PMN lactoferrin serves an autoregulatory role to retain PMN at inflammatory sites to amplify the inflammatory response. PMID- 7214025 TI - Rapid destruction of newly synthesized excess beta-globin chains in HbH disease. AB - A subject with HbG Philadelphia-HbH disease exhibited an unusually high alpha/beta synthesis ratio; when peripheral blood was tested in vitro on several occasions, ratios of 0.63 - 0.89 were obtained after incubations of 30-120 min. HbH amounted to 5%-8% of the circulating hemoglobin. Rapid destruction of excess newly synthesized beta-globin was demonstrated in kinetic and pulse-chase experiments. After 2 min of incubation, the alpha/beta synthesis ratio was 0.48; this figure rose to 0.89 by 30 min. The zero time alpha/beta ratio was estimated to be 0.35. The degradation of beta-chains was calculated to proceed at approximately one-half the rate of beta-globin synthesis; this result was confirmed by the loss of 50% of the specific activity in beta-chains during 9 min of a chase experiment following a 10-min radioactive pulse. The results suggest that efficient proteolysis may be responsible, in some blacks, for the low levels of excess beta-globin chains in HbH disease as well as for the mildness of the clinical disorder. PMID- 7214026 TI - Human myeloid cell lines. PMID- 7214027 TI - In vitro interactions between thymocytes and hemopoietic precursor cells. PMID- 7214028 TI - Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I. Report of a case. AB - A new case of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I is reported in a 12-year old Spanish boy. In regard to the morphological study at an optical and ultrastructural level, the most outstanding feature was the internuclear bridging connecting two erythroblastic nuclei within a single cytoplasm or stretched between two erythroblasts perfectly individualized. PMID- 7214031 TI - [Mastocytes in the rat thymus]. AB - The distribution and the histochemical characteristics of the thymus mastocytes of postpuberal rats have been studied, in different experimental conditions (control, castrated, castrated and treated with testosterone, and fatigued rats). The results may be summarized as follows: 1) Mastocytes have been found only in the thymic capsule and connective tissue septa : they have never been observed among the parenchymal cells. 2) In the thymus of castrated rats the total number of mastocytes is significantly reduced. 3) In the thymus of the rats castrated and treated with testosterone, the total number of mastocytes, in comparison to the castrated rats, increases in a statistically significant way. A slight increase was observed also in comparison to the controls. 4) In the thymus of the fatigued rats a statistically significant increase of the number of mastocytes has been observed. 5) In the sinuses of the parathymic lymphnodes, numerous mastocytes and some cells that for their histochemical characteristics can be regarded as immature mastocytes, have been found. PMID- 7214030 TI - Myelokathexis: chronic neutropenia with hyperplastic bone marrow and hypersegmented neutrophils in two siblings. AB - The author describes the clinical and pathological characteristics of a chronic neutropenia in two siblings. The disease was probably inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The clinical course and the results of the laboratory investigations corresponded to the rare cases of "myelokathexis" reported so far. PMID- 7214029 TI - Effect of hydroxyurea on two different types of hematopoietic stem cells (CFU-S and DCPC) of newborn mice. AB - Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow of newborn mice (9--13 days of age) have been studied following the administration of hydroxyurea (HU, 1,000 mg/kg). Following a single injection as well as a regimen of eight injections complete bone marrow reconstitution was achieved after 7 days. During the recovery phase diffusion chamber progenitor cells (DCPC) from pretreated newborn mouse bone marrow proliferated strongly to give significantly higher cell yields than DCPC from control animals. By contrast (colony-forming units-spleen [CFU-S]) levels were reduced at the same time to between 15 and 40% of controls suggesting a small-sized reserve pool of resting CFU-S in newborn mice. Assuming that DCPC are less differentiated than CFU-S and are non-cycling stem cells they may possibly pass through the CFU-S stage rapidly in newborn mice under the stress of hematopoietic reconstitution and proceed directly to myelopoiesis. PMID- 7214032 TI - [Distribution of fibronectin in normal human tissue]. AB - Distribution of fibronectin (FN), a major glycoproteic component of extracellular matrix was studied by an indirect immuno-fluorescence technique using a rabbit anti-FN serum on frozen sections of fresh human tissues. In the extracellular matrix, FN is localized in epithelial and glandular basement membranes (bronchial, digestive, urothelial, prostatic, thyroid and mammary glands). FN is also visualized in vascular basement membranes and pulmonary alveolar basal laminae. In lymphoid tissues. In the liver and adrenal cortex, FN has the same distribution as reticulin fibers. In the kidney, glomerular mesangium in labeled. There are also pericellular labelings on fibroblastic and muscular cell surfaces. Epithelial cells of the mammary gland show a pericellular positive staining. FN is principally involved in cell orientation and in cell extra-cellular matrix interactions. PMID- 7214033 TI - [Normal human endometrial cells in culture: absence of direct effect of estrogens on cell multiplication]. AB - Primary monolayer cultures of human normal endometrium were realised from 65 wombs of non menopausal women at time of hysterectomy. From these cultures, 19 cell lines were subcultivated in long term cultures (up to 500 days). Primary cultures exhibited a mixture of stromal and epithelial cells. Cell lines were pure : 16 stromal and 3 epithelial lines. These primary, medium-term and long term cultures were assessed 40 times for growth stimulation by added estrogens. In various conditions of culture medium, delay and duration of administration, estrogens never induced a significant modification of cell proliferation. These results suggest that the in vivo growth-promoting effect of estrogens is indirect, likely mediated by other growth factors. PMID- 7214035 TI - [Sites of synthesis of acetylcholine receptors in denervated muscles]. AB - Muscle fibres binding with 125I alpha-bungarotoxine from Bungarus Multicinctus, after treatment with saponine, shows (in electron microscope autoradiography) intracellular binding sites identifying sites of acetylcholine receptor synthesis. In innervated muscle, the acetylcholine receptor is located only at the neuromuscular junction. In denervated muscle the receptor is distributed along the whole sarcolemma; in this situation the acetylcholine receptor is synthesized "ex novo" in the membrane system over the whole length of the muscle fibre. PMID- 7214036 TI - [Development of the upper urinary tract of the fetus during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy]. AB - Increases in foetal renal size and weight were studied respectively in 232 and 160 different kidneys. All the organs are obtained from autopsy specimens, dead pre and full-term infants rigorously chosen; their ages ranging from 26 to 41 weeks of gestation. All the renal increases are in agreement with either the body length or the birth weight of the foetuses. With these data, the human kidney growth can be analysed quantitatively. This could be useful for the diagnosis by ultrasound in evaluating certain patients during the last three months. Confrontation of these values with the histological aspects shows different developmental stages. The kidney is a good index for gestational age assessment. The ureteral development was studied in 54 ureters from 27 foetuses with the same characteristics. Quantitative determinations by the point counting method of the different areas allows analysis of the myogenesis and of the evolution of the ureteral lumen area according to gestational age. Myogenesis is important up to around the 36th week, corresponding to nephrogenesis achievement. These modifications of the ureteral wall structure are accompanied by the slow and late connective tissue differenciation. They could explain the decrease of the luminal area during this foetal period and after birth. PMID- 7214034 TI - [Internal thoracic vessels: importance in microsurgery]. AB - The internal thoracic vessels were studied in seventy adult fresh corpses. The left and right vessels were studied so as to precise symmetry relating to the different characters. After injection of coloured latex, the arteries and veins were skeletonized. The origin, the caliber, the length, the connections with the sternal side, the ending were specified. The origin and the ending of these vessels are variable. A statistical study specifies these measures. In the second intercosal space a great contancy of these vessels was observed which was confirmed by angiography. They are used at this level to revascularize the subcutaneous esophagoplasties. The internal thoracic artery can be skeletonized by a right thoracotomy and allowed to revascularize a free jejunal graft for reconstruction of the upper thoracic esophagus. PMID- 7214037 TI - [Statistical weight study of the human pineal body, hypophysis and brain]. AB - The ponderal statistical study of the human pineal gland (899 cases), of the hypophysis (465 cases) and of the encephalon (923 cases) shows: 1) An important ponderal difference between the two sexes for the hypophysis (heavier in women) and for the encephalon (heavier in men) while the weight of the pineal gland is the same in men and in women. 2) An important ponderal involution during the last decades of a lifetime for the encephalon in both sexes, more precocius in women, a tardy involution for the female hypophysis and a nearly inexistant involution for the pineal gland in both men and women. 3) A marked involution of the pineal gland as well as a weight diminution of the encephalon in cases of hepatic disorders, (the largest number of cases in our series concerning alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis) while the hypophysis remains unchanged. The two endocranian glands show important ponderal differences of evolution in the course of a lifetime, in both sexes and in certain pathological conditions, differences that can possibly be explained by their distinct embryological origin. PMID- 7214038 TI - [Ventricular branches of the circumflex artery of the heart]. AB - Because of the great number of anatomic descriptions, and because of the variability of the nomenclature, the authors realized three studies: anatomical, radiological, and surgical studies of 198 hearts (150 dissections and 148 angiographies). There are 3 groups of collateral branches for the left ventricle: --The lateral branch (existing in 49 per cent of the cases), beginning after a short space with often an intra-myocardial segment, and running obliquely on the pulmonary surface of the left ventricle. --The lateral and inferior branch (existing in 38 per cent of the cases), situated just between the pulmonary and diaphragmatic surface of the ventricle, and perpendicular to the coronary sulcus. --The inferior or posterior branches (existing in 59 per cent of the cases), which are parallel to the inferior (or posterior) interventricular sulcus, on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart. PMID- 7214039 TI - [In vitro variations of hepatic glycogenolysis after incubation of rat liver slices in the presence of polyamines]. AB - If rat liver histological sections, cut by cryostat, incubated in presence of different putrescine concentrations (diluted in Hanks medium) and stained with P.A.S. show no real changes in glycogenolysis, others in a medium containing spermidine or better spermine, proportionally to the concentration in polyamine and duration of incubation, show an increase in the staining of the hepatic cytoplasms compared with the relative controls which are sections incubated in Hanks medium during the same time. So, in these conditions, putrescine doesn't seem to have an influence on glycogenolysis, but spermidine and spermine have a protective effect on hepatic glycogen. PMID- 7214040 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on fusion of the palatine process cultured in presence of an excess of vitamin A]. AB - Rat palatal processes have been explanted after 15 days 18 hours of gestation and cultivated in homologous pairs, side by side during 24 hours. Most of them have been treated in vitro by hydrocortisone and vitamin A in excess. In all cases, palatal processes fuse. Thus, the phenomenon does not seem disturbed by this glycocorticoid. PMID- 7214041 TI - [Morphologic analysis of heart development in the chick embryo]. AB - The skeletal muscle is determined under the influence of the earliest pioneer nerve fibers which grow from the neural tube before the 35th incubation hour in the chick embryo. As far as the myocardial determination is concerned, an initial groove influence on the mesodermal cells of the presumptive cardiac area can be postulated. It may also be pointed out that, at the stage of 6-7 somites, neural crest cells come into contact with splanchnopleural cells. Both of these contacts may be regarded as possible myogenic starters of the heat bud and they are not mutually exclusive. PMID- 7214042 TI - [Relations between the structural evolution and visceral endoderm activity of the umbilical vesicle in the guinea pig during pregnancy]. AB - The guinea-pig yolk sac endoderm has been observed through scanning and transmission electron microscopy to correlate ultrastructure and function of the cell surface. Using ferritin, different stages of protein transfer have been traced and a secretory activity of the vitelline endoderm during the last third of pregnancy has been suggested. PMID- 7214043 TI - Qualitative criteria in therapeutic evaluation and decision-making in oncology. AB - Two problems are envisaged: --the relationship between the "statistical decision" and the individual decision. Long before the existence of decision-making aids, medical knowledge has always been of a statistical nature. Ever since medicine became an organised science, the treating of a patient and not just the illness has been a constant problem. At present, it is by no means certain that we have the right to apply the strategy recommended by a well organised therapeutic trial, with our eyes shut. If for no other reason, simply because the criteria of judgment of the trial may not necessarily be the criterion best adapted to the patient concerned. --how to implicate in decision and evaluation non-quantitative criteria such as the quality of survival. Having recalled the distinction made by Wood--impairment, disability, handicap--an attempt is made to specify the state of sanometric research providing physicians with health indexes that are finer than the simple Boolean criteria of Life/Death. In conclusion, the question can be raised as to how pertinent, it is to consider death as the lowest level of health, and as to what role should be left to the patient in the choice of decision-making criteria for problems directly concerning his own fate. PMID- 7214044 TI - Evaluation of the resources required for the implementation of a new therapeutic protocol: the Institut Gustave Roussy method. AB - All treatments give rise to a sequence of events which represent the work-load. Before implementing a new treatment, it is essential to identify the sequence of the induced events. Their cost must be evaluated to ensure that it can be undertaken, and if so, for the necessary logistics to be set up. It must be stressed that the means required are not solely financial, but also involve the availability of an appropriate infrastructure where required, which can include: an increase in staff, additional equipment or premises, a broadening of working hours such as, for example, extending the activity of some laboratories over the weekend. At the Gustave-Roussy Institute, we are now developing the method set out in this paper, which should enable us to rapidly forecast the consequences of any modification in the medical approach to our patients. It is based on the evaluation of "consumption" of the staff, premises, equipment and drugs required, in terms of time. PMID- 7214046 TI - [Relationship of HLA antigens to larynx carcinoma. Incidence and five-year survival (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214047 TI - [Radioisotopes and lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214045 TI - Public health implications of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. AB - More often than not, Public Health offers the prospect of administrative, economic and political constraints, and more rarely that of progress such as fairness in health care, a better distribution of health resources, and an improvement in the quality of life. As a backcloth to this symposium on cancerology, one finds the desire for a greater concentration between the clinical medical decision, and the other decision, that taken by those responsible for the organisation of social life, and more especially of health care institutions. The clinical medical decision does indeed include the epidemiological data of the cancer, the validity of a screening examination, and the state of the therapeutic science. But does it also match the intake capacity of the health-care institutions, the qualification level of the personnel involved, the material and financial possibilities of a screening and early treatment programme? The variable nature of date from one community to another, from one population group to another, calls for a rigorous analysis of the various strategies as far as prevention is concerned. Should it be selective or systematic? The choice of a group of high-risk individuals, of a type of cancer; is or is not the result of a determination of priorities: there is no such thing as a purely technical decision. Decisions are often pluralist, sometimes contradictory. Moreover, the upheaval caused in protocols by a new diagnosis or therapy implies a flexible planning and sound appraisal models. In the event of effective screening, the prescription of a costly treatment to an increasing number of positive patients may encumber the initial estimates. PMID- 7214048 TI - [Penetration of tagged pollen grains in the human bronchial tree (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214050 TI - Ventilation-perfusion distribution in young and old volunteers during mild exercise. PMID- 7214049 TI - The deposition and clearance of inhaled aerosols. Abstracts. PMID- 7214051 TI - Distribution of diffusion capacity. PMID- 7214052 TI - Changes of ventilatory capacity in an adult population during a five year period. PMID- 7214053 TI - [Regional lung function changes during abdominal breathing at low frequency and large tidal volume (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214054 TI - The validity of the single-breath nitrogen determination of residual volume. PMID- 7214055 TI - Regional lung function in asthmatics in remission, before and after fenoterol. PMID- 7214056 TI - Effects of muscular exercise on the affinity for oxygen of whole blood in healthy men and in bronchitic patients. PMID- 7214057 TI - [Non-tuberculosis respiratory diseases in Papua (New-Guinea)]. PMID- 7214058 TI - [Cough and wheezing in Iraq]. PMID- 7214059 TI - [Increase in the annual level of tuberculosis in a country with a low occurrence: measurement of the increase expecting to see if the existing program of mass radiographic examinations was interrupted]. PMID- 7214060 TI - [Cough and wheezing in developing countries: the Middle-East and Oceania]. PMID- 7214062 TI - [Proposals concerning a new cooperative study on the complications of BCG vaccination: prospective approach to the problem]. PMID- 7214061 TI - [Complications induced by BCG vaccination: retrospective study]. PMID- 7214063 TI - [Survey on the preparation and standardization of tuberculin]. PMID- 7214064 TI - [Comprehensive view of hepatitis and the other reactions secondary to antituberculosis chemotherapy]. PMID- 7214065 TI - Avoidance of masking difficulties using electrocochleography. Case report. PMID- 7214066 TI - Pre-issue assessment and counselling as a component of hearing-aid provision. AB - Historically hearing-aid uptake and use in the United Kingdom has been poor. One contributory factor is believed to have been lack of basic knowledge about hearing loss and the benefits and problems of amplification. The scheme operating in South Manchester is described, wherein potential hearing aid users receive counselling both before and after the provision of the aid. The pre-fitting interview is partly for assessment purposes--determining the communication problems of the individual and family in order that the most appropriate assistance can be provided--and partly for counselling purposes, including attitude modification (if appropriate) and development of realistic expectations. The post-fitting counselling utilizes selected and trained volunteers who visit hearing-aids users in their homes at carefully chosen intervals. Additionally the great majority (95%) of hearing-aid users are reviewed by the Hearing Therapist at the Clinic about 1 month after issue. Evidence from Studies carried out in Manchester suggest that such a service considerably increases both use of and satisfaction with hearing aids. PMID- 7214067 TI - Some characteristics of the hearing-impaired elderly who do not present themselves for rehabilitation. AB - Social and audiometric characteristics of the hearing-impaired elderly without aids have been analysed and some understanding developed of the factors which lead people to seek rehabilitation. The two major single determinants of seeking help were found to be severity of impairment and onset of deafness before reaching retirement age. There were strong indications that negative attitudes of both the elderly themselves and their general practitioners towards deafness and ageing played a crucial part in perpetuating the neglect of the disorder. PMID- 7214069 TI - Brainstem electric responses and electrocochleography: a comparison of threshold sensitivities in children. AB - Brainstem electric response (BSER) and electrocochleography (ECochG) thresholds were measured in 55 ears of 46 'difficult-to-test' children. In most cases there was a reasonably close correlation between the two tests with BSER being less sensitive on the whole, but there was a small group, clinically indistinguishable from the majority, in whom an unacceptable discrepancy occurred. It was found that where the BSER threshold was equal to or less than 30 dB, the ECochG thresholds confirmed normal hearing, whereas if it was more than 30 dB further objective testing was essential to establish a definitive diagnosis of a hearing loss. PMID- 7214068 TI - Pure tone audiograms from hearing-impaired children. II. Predicting speech hearing from the audiogram. AB - Pure tone audiograms and speech audiograms using sentence lists were obtained from 150 8-16-year-old children with pure tone hearing losses ranging from mild to severe. Most of the hearing impairments were cochlear in origin. Three 'speech hearing' measures were selected from the speech audiograms, and it was shown that the correlation coefficients between two of these and the pure tone hearing thresholds were roughly in agreement with figures from previous studies of adults = 0.882 for Speech Reception Threshold and 0.533 for Discrimination Score. In addition, a correlation of 0.329 was found between the slope of the speech audiogram and pure tone thresholds. The strength of different summaries of the pure tone audiogram for predicting the various speech-hearing measures were compared. It was found that although the traditional summaries did quite well, their relative strengths varied according to the speech-hearing measure under consideration. The best summary predictors for all the speech-hearing measures were, either alone or in combination, two indices which have been proposed recently by the present authors, and which measure both the degree of pure tone hearing loss and the slope of the pure tone audiogram. However, the gains in predictive strength achieved with these indices were small. PMID- 7214070 TI - Interaural attenuation for pure tones and speech. PMID- 7214071 TI - A validation study of the Hearing Measurement Scale. AB - The Hearing Measurement Scale was administered to 88 adults of employment age with severe to profound sensorineural hearing losses. A factor analysis of the scale confirms its overall validity with a few minor exceptions. A modified form of the scale is suggested for use with adults with severe to profound hearing impairment. PMID- 7214072 TI - Validation of the auditory response cradle with sound and tactile stimuli. AB - The usefulness of the auditory response cradle as a device to test perception of neonates was extended to include tactile as well as sound stimuli. Newborns received three types of trials: white noise, von Frey hair (heavy and light) or no stimulus (control) presentations. The motor and respiration response probabilities were calculated for each type of trial. There was roughly equivalent responding for auditory and tactile stimuli whilst the control response rate was significantly lower. The heavy von Frey hair was more likely to evoke a response than the light one. These results were taken as evidence that the auditory response cradle can be used to test neonatal perception in more than one modality. PMID- 7214073 TI - Psychoanalysis of a severe neurotic learning disturbance in a gifted adolescent boy. PMID- 7214074 TI - The state of Michigan versus a battered wife. A case study. PMID- 7214075 TI - Name change. Its significance among patients with gender dysphoria. PMID- 7214076 TI - A thought experiment in psychiatric genetics. PMID- 7214078 TI - Psychological testing and the psychiatric resident. PMID- 7214077 TI - The split transference in the simultaneous treatment of mother and child. PMID- 7214079 TI - Surgery for impotence. AB - The role of surgery in the treatment of impotence has greatly increased during the last 5 years. The recognition and surgical correction of those mechanical derangements of the penis that prevent coitus have enabled many men to resume or commence intercourse. Men with irreversible impotence usually find it possible to resume coitus following the insertion of a Silastic penile prosthesis. The need to diagnose organic impotence has in turn stimulated the development of new diagnostic techniques and these have increased our knowledge of the pathophysiology of erectile function. PMID- 7214080 TI - American Physicians, Inc. PMID- 7214081 TI - Problems of the immediate postanaesthesia period. PMID- 7214084 TI - How to insert a chest drain and aspirate a pleural effusion. PMID- 7214083 TI - Equipment for setting up a pain clinic. PMID- 7214086 TI - Incontinence of urine in women. PMID- 7214085 TI - Thrombosis and oral contraception. PMID- 7214082 TI - Basic borrowing. PMID- 7214087 TI - Incontinence of faeces. PMID- 7214088 TI - Schizophrenia: the problem of definition. PMID- 7214090 TI - How to remove a foreign body from the trachea and bronchial tree. PMID- 7214089 TI - Analgesic nephropathy. PMID- 7214093 TI - 5-Hydroxytryptamine induces relaxation of goat pulmonary veins: evidence for the noninvolvement of M and D-tryptamine receptors. AB - 1 Reactivity of goat isolated pulmonary arteries and veins to a variety of vasoactive agents was investigated. 2 Bradykinin (Bk), acetylcholine (ACh), noradrenaline (NA), prostaglandin A1 (PGA1), PGE2, PGF2 alpha and histamine induced dose-dependent contractile responses on veins; 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced veno-relaxation. Angiotensin was virtually inactive. 3 Angiotensin, NA, Bk, histamine and 5-HT produced concentration-dependent contractile responses on the arterial strips; these arteries failed to respond to ACh, PGA1, PGE2 or PGF2 alpha. 4 The pulmonary veno-relaxant response to 5-HT was found to be resistant to propranolol, indomethacin, metiamide, cimetidine, methysergide, atropine and morphine. These findings appear to exclude the involvement of adrenergic mechanisms and prostaglandin generation as well as activation of classical M and D-tryptamine receptors by 5-HT in the goat pulmonary veins. This response may be mediated via a presynaptic inhibitory 5-HT receptor. 5 5-HT-induced arterial contractile responses were antagonized by methysergide, showing the occurrence of classical D receptors in the goat pulmonary artery. 6 It is concluded that differential reactivity of pulmonary arteries and veins to vasoactive agents may play differential role(s) in the pathophysiology of pulmonary disease. 5-HT may exert an antiinflammatory activity in goat pulmonary veins. PMID- 7214091 TI - Current concepts of lithium therapy. PMID- 7214092 TI - Mechanism of action of muscarine on the longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig isolated ileum. AB - 1 DL-Muscarine elicited a contraction of the ileal longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig and the contraction was characterized by an after-response. 2 Physostigmine (20 x 10(8) M) potentiated the contraction of the longitudinal muscle elicited by DL-muscarine. 3 Hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) caused a rightward shift of the dose-response curve to DL-muscarine on the ileal longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig ileum. 4 beta-Bungarotoxin (10 microgram/ml) significantly (P < 0.025) reduced the contraction elicited by DL-muscarine (2.5 X 10(-8) M) suggesting presynaptic release of acetylcholine as an indirect mechanism of action of DL-muscarine. 5 Morphine (1.0 x 10(-8) M) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the contractions elicited by DL-muscarine (2.5 x 10(-8) M) further suggesting presynaptic release of acetylcholine as an indirect mechanism of action of DL-muscarine. 6 A subthreshold dose of DL-muscarine (2.0 x 10(-10) M) potentiated the effect of acetylcholine (2.5 x 10(-8) M) and the potentiation was blocked by beta-bungarotoxin. PMID- 7214094 TI - Stereospecific dextrorphan tolerance in rats. AB - 1 Levorphanol was 20 times more potent than dextrorphan in decreasing food reinforced fixed ratio 15 responding in male Sprague Dawley rats. 2 Chronic dextrorphan (100 mg/kg, i.p.; every 8 h) resulted in the development of dextrorphan tolerance. The dextrorphan dose-effect curve was shifted to the right three fold. 3 In contrast to dextrorphan, nontolerance developed to the effects of levorphanol. 4 These data support the hypothesis that (+)-isomers of opioids produce pharmacologically distinct CNS effects. PMID- 7214097 TI - A comparison of stereospecificity at central and peripheral 'muscarine-sensitive' acetylcholine receptors: observations with the enantiomeric forms of procyclidine and tricyclamol. AB - 1 Procyclidine resembles hyoscine in enhancing the effects of amphetamine on ipsiversive turning by mice with a unilateral central dopamine lesion. 2 The stereospecific index for procyclidine is not greater than 10, in contrast to 173 for acetylcholine receptors in ileum from the same mice. 3 This suggests that although the central effects of procyclidine in this test involve acetylcholine receptors similar to those at peripheral sites, they cannot be identical with them unless there are differences at some secondary site, for example, if the weaker enantiomer were a stronger inhibitor of dopamine uptake or if there were a stereoselective uptake process for procyclidine itself. PMID- 7214096 TI - Cardiotoxic and inotropic effects of ouabain on atria isolated from rabbits of different ages. AB - 1 In sino-atrial node-right atrial preparations and left atrial preparations obtained from rabbits of different ages (2 to 360 days old), cardiotoxic and inotropic effects of ouabain were compared. Tachyarrhythmias were produced in immature and mature rabbit atria exposed for 6 to 8 min to ouabain (5 x 109(-6) M). The total number of contractions before the arrhythmias developed varied inversely with age (2 to 90 days old). Percentage reductions in the resting membrane potential, overshoot and maximum rate of rise induced by ouabain were greater in mature rabbit atria than in immature rabbit atria. 2 Reduction of Ca2+ in the bathing media suppressed the development of tachyarrhythmias. 3 In electrically-driven left atria isolated from immature and mature rabbits, similar frequency-contractile force curves were obtained, maximum contractions being attained at a frequency of 120/min. Ouabain at 2 x 10(-7) M shifted the curve upward and at 10(-6) M greatly potentiated the contractile force developed at low frequencies (6 to 30/min). Increase in contractions induced by ouabain relative to pre-drug concentrations at a frequency of 60/min were greater in immature rabbit atria (15 days old) but the positive inotropic effect of 2 x 10(-7) M ouabain relative to the effect seen at 10(-6) M was appreciably less. 4 It may be concluded that atria isolated from immature rabbits tolerate higher concentrations of ouabain than those isolated from mature rabbits. PMID- 7214095 TI - Differential effect of benserazide (Ro4-4602) on the concentration of indoleamines in rat pineal and hypothalamus. AB - 1 Low doses (50 and 80 mg/kg) of benserazide (Ro4-4602), an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, markedly reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine and melatonin in the rat pineal gland without affecting hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine. 2 This differential effect shows that inhibition of the pineal gland decarboxylase activity is possible, and confirms that the rat pineal gland is accessible to peripherally acting agents. PMID- 7214098 TI - Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic innervation in monkey and human cerebral arteries. AB - 1 Transmural electrical stimulation (0.5 to 20 Hz) and nicotine (10(-4) M) produced relaxations of helically-cut strips of monkey and human cerebral arteries, contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha. 2 The relaxation induced by electrical stimulation was suppressed or abolished by tetrodotoxin, while the nicotine-induced relaxation was abolished by hexamethonium but was unaffected by tetrodotoxin. Both relaxation was abolished by hexamethonium but was unaffected by tetrodotoxin. Both relaxations were not attenuated by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and atropine. 3 These findings may indicate that large cerebral arteries of the monkey and man are innervated by non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves, excitation of which liberates unknown vasodilator substance(s). PMID- 7214099 TI - The effects of amiloride and triamterene on urinary magnesium excretion in conscious saline-loaded rats. AB - 1 The potassium-sparing diuretics, triamterene and amiloride, reduced urinary magnesium excretion in conscious saline-loaded rats. 2 Urinary magnesium conservation was also detected when amiloride was used in combination with the potent 'loop-blocking' diuretic, frusemide. PMID- 7214100 TI - Actions of various muscarinic agonists on membrane potential, potassium efflux, and contraction of longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig intestine. AB - 1 Depolarizations were recorded intracellularly in smooth muscle from the taenia of the guinea-pig caecum in response to the iontophoretic application of acetylcholine, carbachol, oxotremorine-M, methylfurmethide, hexyl trimethylammonium and tetramethylammonium (TMA). 2 No differences between the iontophoretic responses to agonists stable to cholinesterase were detected. 3 The latency and time to peak of acetylcholine-induced depolarizations were less than those to stable agonists, and the response was briefer and less complex in shape. These differences were reduced, or disappeared, upon inhibition of cholinesterase. 4 The rate of loss of 42K and changes in length were measured in superfused strips weighing about 10 mg of separated longitudinal muscle of guinea pig ileum. 5 Acetylcholine, carbachol, methylfurmethide, butyltrimethylammonium and TMA contracted the muscle and increased the rate of loss of 42K. 6 Contrary to previous reports, no evidence of a selective action of any of these agonists on 42K loss was detected. TMA appeared to be a partial agonist in evoking 42K loss, although it produced a maximum contraction. 7 The maximum 42K efflux produced by acetylcholine was about 40% of the maximum evoked by application of carbachol or methylfurmethide. If cholinesterase was inhibited, the 42K efflux evoked by maximally effective concentrations of acetylcholine was comparable to that evoked by a stable agonist. 8 These results are consistent with the idea that the muscarinic agonists used interact in an essentially similar way with muscarinic receptors to produce their effects on membrane potential, permeability, and tension. PMID- 7214101 TI - SL 75 102 as a gama-aminobutyric acid agonist: experiments on dorsal root ganglion neurones in vitro. AB - 1 In anticipation that centrally active gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mimetic drugs may be clinically useful, derivatives of GABA with an imine link (Schiff base) to a lipophilic carrier have recently been prepared. The present paper concerns the actions of [alpha(4-chlorophenyl)5-fluoro, 2-hydroxy benzilidene amino]-4-butanoate Na+, SL 75 102. 2 To test one aspect of the GABA-mimetic properties of SL 75 102, this compound was compared with GABA for activity on intracellularly-recorded neurones in rat dorsal root ganglia in vitro. On these neurones GABA, administered either by microiontophoresis or direct into the superfusion medium, causes a depolarization, due to an increased chloride conductance, followed by a period of desensitization. 3 The actions of Sl 75 102 were in nearly all respects identical to those of GABA; parameters examined were the effects on membrane potential and input conductance, desensitization, dose response characteristics and sensitivity to the GABA antagonists, bicuculline and picrotoxin. 4 SL 75 102 was less potent than GABA (mean relative potency 0.03:1). 5 SL 75 102 therefore appears to be a weak agonist at GABA receptors of these neurones. PMID- 7214102 TI - Actions on the cardiovascular system of an inhibitory material extracted from the bovine retractor penis. AB - 1 A partially purified material has been isolated from methanol extracts of the bovine retractor penis muscle. This material exerts biological activity only after treatment with acid and subsequent neutralisation. The active principle in this extract, which appears to be no known autacoid, mimics the response to stimulation of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves in the bovine isolated retractor penis muscle. 2 This inhibitory extract did not alter the heart rate or blood pressure of the anaesthetized rat when administered either by intravenous or intra-arterial injection, nor did it have any obvious effect on isolated cardiac muscle. 4 The extract produced relaxation of spiral strips of various arteries isolated from ox, cat, rabbit or rat, in which tone was induced by noradrenaline, K+ of Ba2+. 5 The extract also produced dilatation of the resistance vessels of the rat isolated mesenteric circulation and the rat hindquarters perfused with Krebs solution; tone was induced in these vessels by adrenaline or noradrenaline. 6 Lack of vasodilator activity of the extract in the whole animal appeared to be due to rapid inactivation in the blood, probably by binding to the erythrocytes. PMID- 7214105 TI - Schizophrenia on paternal and maternal sides: an analysis of familial factors. AB - Slater's model of assessing distribution patterns of ancestral secondary cases in family trees was applied to pedigree data on schizophrenia. Eighteen schizophrenic probands with at least two ill second-degree relatives were available for study. The distribution of unilateral to bilateral pairs of affected relatives did not deviate significantly from that expected in polygenic inheritance. Contrasting pedigrees with family history of chronic schizophrenia with pedigrees loaded with 'soft spectrum' disorders, i.e., borderline schizophrenia, did not alter the consistency of the data with polygenic transmission. PMID- 7214104 TI - Morbidity risks of schizophrenia and affective disorders among first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia, mania, depression and surgical conditions. AB - One thousand five hundred and seventy eight first degree relatives of schizophrenics, manics, depressives and controls were personally interviewed using the Iowa Structured Psychiatric Interview Form without knowledge of the probands' diagnoses. Our data, based on blind diagnostic assessment of the relatives, support the distinction between schizophrenia and affective disorders, although the distinction between schizophrenia and mania was not clear-cut. Our data could not support familial subtyping of paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenia, and unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. Future studies attempting to develop research criteria for subtyping schizophrenia and effective disorders should utilize not only clinical and familial data but also biological markers and other non-familial variables. PMID- 7214103 TI - Selective depression of synaptic excitation in cat spinal neurones by baclofen: an iontophoretic study. AB - 1 The effects of baclofen have been examined on responses of neurones in the spinal cord of the anaesthetized cat to stimulation of appropriate synaptic pathways, acetylcholine and a range of amino acid excitants. Baclofen and excitant substances were administered by standard microiontophoretic techniques. 2 Small ejecting currents of baclofen (less than 10 nA) depressed non cholinergic, excitatory, synaptic responses evoked by stimulation of dorsal roots or muscle or cutaneous afferents. Excitatory monosynaptic responses were particularly sensitive to the depressant action of baclofen. 3 Spontaneous firing in neurones was sometimes reduced in parallel with synaptic excitatory responses, but synaptically evoked inhibition was unaffected and ventral root evoked excitation of Renshaw cells was either unaffected or enhanced by baclofen. 4 Ejecting currents of baclofen which markedly depressed excitatory synaptic responses either had no effect or minimal depressant effects on responses induced by iontophoretically administered acetylcholine and excitant amino acids. However, relatively large currents of baclofen (e.g. 20 to 40 nA) reduced excitatory responses to exogenously administered excitants. 5 It is suggested that baclofen depresses (a) synaptic response by an action on excitatory nerve terminals and (b) responses to exogenous excitants via a postsynaptic action. 6 Comparison of baclofen with a number of other substances indicates that the depression of noncholinergic, excitatory, synaptic responses is unlikely to involve an interaction of this agent with receptors for monoamines, 5 hydroxytryptamine or the inhibitory amino acids, gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine. PMID- 7214106 TI - Clinical state, plasma levels of haloperidol and prolactin: a correlation study in chronic schizophrenia. AB - Chronic schizophrenic patients were maintained for six months on a dosage of haloperidol adjusted to give optimum clinical effect. A correlation was found between extrapyramidal symptoms and prolactin levels and also between plasma haloperidol concentration and plasma prolactin levels. Estimation of plasma prolactin would be a reliable measurement of patients' compliance with medication. PMID- 7214107 TI - Bipolar affective psychosis with onset before age 16 years: report of 10 cases. AB - Ten patients, 5 male and 5 female, with bipolar psychosis beginning before the age of 16 years, mean 14.1 years, are described. Difficulties in diagnosis in this age group are discussed and background factors of possible aetiological importance analysed. Lithium therapy was effective in 6 out of 7 patients. PMID- 7214108 TI - Demographic and social characteristics of university students attending a psychiatrist. AB - A survey was made of demographic and social characteristics of patients referred to a Student Health psychiatrist over a two year period. These patients were compared with a group attending Student Health physicians. Significantly over represented in the psychiatric group were: medical and dental students; students who had repeated an academic year; students over 30 years of age; Roman Catholic students; and students who were totally financially dependent on their parents. Findings by others suggesting that first-year and female students would be over represented in the psychiatric group were not borne out. PMID- 7214111 TI - The assessment of the ego states. AB - The hypothesis that ego states, as defined in Transactional Analysis, are distinct and identifiable phenomena was tested. Ten TA therapists were asked to assess which of the three ego states, Parent, Adult or Child, were present in forty statements extracted from the tape of a family therapy session. The level of agreement reached was statistically highly significant. There was a certain amount of interrater variability, and potential sources of disagreement are discussed. PMID- 7214110 TI - Evaluation and change in a psychogeriatric ward through direct observation and feedback. AB - Direct observations were made of patients' behaviour during occupational therapy sessions in a psychogeriatric ward, and were used to suggest changes in the conduct of these sessions, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the changes. The intervention was successful in bringing about situation-specific increases in clients' appropriate behaviour. PMID- 7214109 TI - Cognitive assessment of the elderly long-stay patient. AB - The revised Kendrick battery was used to assess level of cognitive functioning and subsequent cognitive change in a group of 40 long-stay elderly psychiatric patients. If it had been used for diagnosing organic dementia in this group, half would have been classified as dementing, although the clinical evidence was against such a diagnosis. It may therefore misclassify individuals who are functioning at a low cognitive level for other reasons. Alternative assessment procedures are now available for use with the elderly. PMID- 7214112 TI - Psychose passionnelle in successive generations. AB - This paper describes two women. The first was admitted to hospital having suddenly, and without adequate reason, developed the idea that a senior married colleague at her workplace had fallen deeply in love with her. The second woman is her mother, who had been admitted to the same hospital twenty-two years earlier with a well systematized delusion that her husband was unfaithful. Both syndromes have been described by de Clerambault as two of the three forms of psychose passionnelle. The present report is intended to clarify the concepts of psychose passionelle and demonstrate the similarities between jealousy and erotomania. We believe these case histories describe the first reported instance of psychose passionnelle in successive generations of one family. PMID- 7214113 TI - Causes and logic in epidemiological psychiatry. 1. The notion of causality. PMID- 7214115 TI - Causes and logic in epidemiological psychiatry. 3. Causal modeling with contingency tables. PMID- 7214116 TI - Causes and logic in epidemiological psychiatry 4. Further comments on the vulnerability model. PMID- 7214114 TI - Causes and logic in epidemiological psychiatry. 2. Causal models and logical inference. PMID- 7214117 TI - Marshall syndrome: a condition resembling congenital syphilis. AB - Marshall syndrome (ectodermal dysplasia) was diagnosed in a 14-year-old boy and is thought to be the first case reported from West Africa. Because of the saddle nose deformity and bilateral cataracts all patients suspected of having congenital syphilis should be investigated for ocular or auditory defects, which would confirm the diagnosis of ectodermal dysplasia. PMID- 7214118 TI - Secondary syphilis with framboesiform facial lesions: a case report. AB - A 15-year-old schoolgirl presented with a generalised progressive skin rash of six months' duration, which had been previously diagnosed as psoriasis. The facial skin lesions were particularly prominent and nodular in form. Serological tests confirmed the diagnosis of secondary syphilis, which responded to treatment. PMID- 7214121 TI - Gonococcal infection: the effect of educational counselling on patient compliance. AB - Control of the spread of gonorrhoea requires considerable patient co-operation. A study of 100 consecutive patients with gonorrhoea attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic was undertaken to determine whether improving a patient's understanding of their disease, its treatment, and the need for contact tracing increased the patient's willingness to attend for follow-up. The results indicated that although educational counselling improved the reattendance rate at follow-up it is debatable whether such a time-consuming and expensive method is justifiable economically. PMID- 7214119 TI - Epidemiological and clinical correlates of chlamydial infection of the cervix. AB - Of 474 women studied to identify epidemiological and clinical correlates of chlamydial infection of the cervix, Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 158 (33.3%) of all women, from 48.3% of those infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, from 43% of the sexual consorts of men with nongonococcal urethritis, and from 74% of those whose consorts were also infected with C trachomatis. C trachomatis was the sole pathogen found in 58 women. Age, marital state, occupation, past history of gonorrhoea, menstrual state, and symptoms had no predictive value. The isolation of C trachomatis was significantly associated with N gonorrhoeae, the use of oral contraceptives, cervical ectopy, cervicitis, and last sexual exposure more than one week previously. Except for three patients, none of the criteria alone or in combination was reliable enough to predict with acceptable accuracy that the 30 chlamydia-positive women among the 191 who were not infected with N gonorrhoeae and whose consorts were not known to have urethritis harboured chlamydia. PMID- 7214122 TI - Gonococcal septicaemia presenting as a subcutaneous abscess. AB - In a case of disseminated gonococcal infection the diagnosis was delayed until Neisseria gonorrhoeae was grown from pus from a discharging abscess of the biceps muscle. This unusual skin manifestation appears not to have been reported before. PMID- 7214120 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. AB - Urethral specimens from 480 heterosexual patients were examined for Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia were isolated from 32.7% of men with non-specific urethritis (NSU), from 16.1% of men with gonorrhoea, and from 4.1% of men without urethritis. Chlamydial isolation was not related to duration of symptoms, presence of discharge, or past history of attendance at the clinic. Urine from 176 heterosexual patients was examined for Ureaplasma urealyticum. Ureaplasmas were present in 53.8% of men with NSU, in 28% of men with gonorrhoea, and in 32.9% of men with no urethritis. Detection rates for ureaplasmas in patients with chlamydia-negative and chlamydia-positive NSU were similar, but ureaplasmas were present in significantly greater numbers in patients with chlamydia-negative NSU than in those with chlamydia-positive NSU. PMID- 7214123 TI - Incidence of male genital vitiligo. Report of a screening programme. AB - One thousand consecutive new male patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases were screened with Wood's light for the presence of genital vitiligo. Two patients had idiopathic vitiligo and one probable occupational vitiligo. PMID- 7214124 TI - Antenatal screening for syphilis. PMID- 7214125 TI - Attempted BCG immunotherapy for condylomata acuminata. PMID- 7214127 TI - Hyperlexia as a variant of developmental language disorder. PMID- 7214126 TI - Syphilis in Swaziland: a serological survey. AB - Sera from 536 adults and children in Swaziland were examined for their reactivity in the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) tests. None of 130 sera from children was reactive in either test; 8.6% of sera from 185 healthy adults were reactive in the RPR test and 33% in the TPHA test; 24.5% of 220 sera from patients with genital ulcers were RPR-positive and 45.9% TPHA-positive. The RPR positivity rates were not related to age, but the percentage of RPR-negative, TPHA-positive sera increased with age in both the healthy adults and the patients with genital ulcers. Thus venereal syphilis appears to be responsible for these high positivity rates. Estimates of the yearly incidence of syphilis are identical for both groups--approximately 1.4%, an unusually high figure. PMID- 7214128 TI - The effect of voice and place among aphasic, nonphasic right-damaged, and normal subjects on a metallinguistic task. PMID- 7214130 TI - Right-hemisphere superiority for discriminating memorized from nonmemorized faces: affective imagery, sex, and perceived emotionally effects. PMID- 7214129 TI - Toward a theory of apractic syndromes. PMID- 7214131 TI - Cerebral organization in left-handers. PMID- 7214132 TI - Neologistic jargon aphasia: a case report. PMID- 7214133 TI - What does the lateral ear advantage relate to? PMID- 7214134 TI - Retention of verbal information by rehearsal in relation to the fluency of verbal output in aphasia. PMID- 7214136 TI - Regional distribution of functions in parietal association area 7 of the monkey. AB - The functions of cells in different parts of area 7 were studied in 5 hemispheres of three stumptail macaques (Macaca speciosa). Activity of groups of cells was recorded in non-anesthetized animals using course microelectrodes. Functional maps covering the exposed part of area 7 showed that purely visual and oculomotor responses occurred in area 7a (PG) whereas the skin was dominantly represented in area 7b (PF). Vision was also represented in 7b but here together with somatic mechanisms. Oculomotor discharges were concentrated in the medial part of area 7a, whereas motor action of the arm and hand extended across the medial part of area 7. Motor actions of the mouth were represented most laterally. A statistically significant somatotopic arrangement of the body surface was also observed: the face was represented most laterally and the body and legs most medially with large overlapping regions. In the posterior part of 7a a kinesthetic region was found with representation of joints and muscles. The combination of visual and cutaneous activation was common more laterally than the combination of visual and somatomotor activation. Laterally the visual representation ended at the border between area 7 and area 2 of S I at a locus in front of which the S I receptive fields were located inside the mouth. These results indicate that different functions are represented in different degrees in different parts of area 7. Therefore, one important determinant of the results obtained by various research groups is the area of recording within area 7. PMID- 7214135 TI - Developmental changes in morphology and molecular composition of isolated synaptic junctional structures. AB - Synaptic junctional fractions which display subcellular purity that compares favorably to similar fractions prepared from adult have been isolated from immature rat brains. Electron microscopic analysis of immature fractions has revealed age-dependent changes in the morphology of isolated synaptic structures. The recovery of total synaptic junctional protein increased in a linear fashion and was temporally correlated with the appearance of asymmetric synapses in brain. Systematic age-dependent changes were observed in the protein and glycoprotein composition of synaptic membrane and synaptic junction fractions during postnatal development. In isolated synaptic junctions, the major postsynaptic density protein increased approximately 20-fold during postnatal development. Immature synaptic junction fractions contained tubulin and actin in larger relative quantities than are present in synaptic junction fractions isolated from adult brain tissues. Immature synaptic junctions also contained appreciable amounts of postsynaptic membrane glycoproteins that bind concanavalin A (con A). PMID- 7214137 TI - Synaptic remodeling of serotonin axon terminals in rat agranular cerebellum. AB - In order to assess the influence of the target zone on the synaptic modeling of central serotonin (5-HT) axons, the 5-HT innervation of the posterior vermal cortex was studied by high resolution radioautography in both normal and X-ray induced agranular rat cerebella, following topical application of [3H]5-HT. Two major systems of 5-HT afferents were identified in normal cerebellar cortex: (1) typical mossy fibers confined to the granular layer and (2) fine beaded axons diffusely distributed through all layers. The density of this innervation was estimated to be approximately 240,000 varicosities/cu.mm of cortex. The labeled mossy terminals all established synaptic contacts with the dendrites of granule cells. In contrast, only 3% of the varicosities belonging to the 'diffuse system' exhibited active zones in single thin sections, implying that less than 9% were actually engaged in junctional synaptic relationships. In the agranular cerebellar cortex, all 5-HT terminals belonging to the so-called 'diffuse system'. Their density was more than 8 times higher than in normal rat (2 million/cu.mm of cortex), an increase accounted for by the smaller volume of the experimental cerebellum. Thirty-five per cent of these 5-HT varicosities were seen in synaptic contact, indicating that all established at least one junctional complex. Most of these synapses were made on the branchlet spines of Purkinje cell dendrites, but some were also observed on the dendritic shafts of Golgi cells. Thus, in the absence of granule cells, the 5-HT innervation of rat cerebellar cortex evolves from a mostly 'non-junctional' into an entirely 'junctional' input. This finding indicates that the territory of innervation can exert a determinant influence on the synaptic modeling of incoming 5-HT afferents. PMID- 7214138 TI - Distractibility of cats with lesions of the superior colliculus-pretectum during performance of a 4-choice visual discrimination. AB - (1) Intact cats and cats with bilateral lesions of the superior colliculus pretectum were trained on 4-choice, luminous flux discriminations in an apparatus consisting of a 6-foot square open field with 4 stimulus panels along one wall. After cats attained a high performance criterion on a 4-choice dark-light discrimination they were tested for 'distractibility' by flashing a light behind one of the stimulus panels. (2) All intact cats and cats with lesions of the superior colliculus-pretectum learned the 4-choice luminous flux discriminations. Cats with lesions of the superior colliculus-pretectum, however, followed longer paths and had longer latencies to the correct door, even after attaining criterional performance. (3) All intact cats and cats with lesions of the superior colliculus-pretectum were distracted by the flashing light, as indicated by increased commission of errors, increased path lengths and increased response latencies on trials in which the distracting stimulus was presented. However, both intact cats and cats with lesions of the superior colliculus-pretectum habituated to the distracting stimulus. (4) These results are consistent with previous findings that cats with lesions of the superior colliculus-pretectum have difficulty in withholding incorrect responses or in shifting attention or response tendencies from the incorrect to the correct stimulus. (5) These results do not support the hypothesis that lesions of the superior colliculus produce deficits in attention as measured by distractibility to novel stimuli. PMID- 7214139 TI - Synaptic effects from chemically activated fine muscle afferents upon alpha motoneurones in decerebrate and spinal cats. AB - In spinal and decerebrate cats fine muscle afferents (group III and IV) were selectively activated by intra-arterial injection of bradykinin and KCl into the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle. By this method the synaptic responses induced in lumbar alpha-motoneurones by fine muscle afferents could be examined without interference of effects from large afferents. alpha-Motoneurones receiving EPSPs evoked by electrical stimulation of cutaneous and high threshold muscle afferents (mainly flexor motoneurones) responded to the activation of fine muscle afferents with a depolarization of their membrane and an increase in synaptic noise, while motoneurones in which IPSPs were evoked by electrical stimulation of cutaneous and high threshold muscle afferents (mainly extensor motoneurones), responded with hyperpolarization of their membrane. Cells with mixed excitatory-inhibitory electrically induced response characteristic responded with an increase in synaptic noise without substantial change in the level of their membrane potential to chemical stimulation of fine muscle afferents. The results indicate that one function of group III and IV muscle afferents is to participate in the complex reflex control performed by the flexor reflex system. PMID- 7214140 TI - Inhibitory actions of taurocyamine, hypotaurine, homotaurine, taurine and GABA on spike discharges of Purkinje cells, and localization of sensitive sites, in guinea pig cerebellar slices. AB - The effects of the possible metabolites of taurine--taurocyamine and hypotaurine- and of homotaurine on spike discharge frequency of guinea pig cerebellar Purkinje cells were investigated in comparison with taurine and GABA. Taurocyamine, hypotaurine and homotaurine all dose-dependently suppressed the spike frequency with potencies relative to taurine (ED50 = 1.0 mM) of 6, 0.5 and 500, respectively. Both picrotoxin and strychnine competitively blocked the inhibition by all the substances tested, except for the non-competitive antagonism by picrotoxin on taurocyamine. The sites sensitive to taurocyamine and hypotaurine were situated primarily in the dendritic region of the cerebellar molecular layer, while those to homotaurine were primarily near the Purkinje cell soma. The onset of the inhibitory action of taurine and related sulfur-containing substances was found to be slower than that of GABA. PMID- 7214142 TI - Electrical stimulation of the septal area in the rat: prolonged suppression of water intake and correlation with self-stimulation. AB - The role of the septal region in the control of drinking and self-stimulation behavior in the rat was investigated under conditions of forced and self delivered brain stimulation. Sixty minutes of intermittent septal stimulation significantly reduced post-stimulation water consumption in water deprived rats without affecting the consumption of solid food or a liquid diet following food deprivation. In addition, those animals demonstrating the greatest suppression of water intake after forced stimulation also emitted the highest response rates to obtain rewarding brain stimulation from the same electrodes. These results support the hypothesis that the septal region plays an inhibitory role in the control of drinking behavior and suggests a relationship between the reward obtained by electrical brain stimulation and the central neural systems controlling thirst in the rat. PMID- 7214141 TI - Bradycardia following injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the intermediate portion of nucleus tractus solitarius medialis. AB - Studies were carried out to determine the effects of selective destruction of the catecholamine innervation of the intermediate portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius medialis (NTSm) on mean arterial pressure and heart rate in conscious rats. Following bilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine into the intermediate portion of NTSm, animals demonstrated a prolonged bradycardia, but no changes in mean arterial pressure or mean arterial pressure lability, when compared with controls. Results indicate that the baroreceptor reflex loop which mediates bradycardia is sensitive to impulses from catecholamine axons entering the intermediate NTSm. PMID- 7214143 TI - Demonstration of a pallidostriatal pathway by retrograde transport of HRP-labeled lectin. AB - A projection from the globus pallidus (GP) to the striatum in the rat was demonstrated by a retrograde tracer technique. After injections of lectin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) which were wholly confined to the striatum, the GP exhibited reaction product characteristic of both retrograde and anterograde transport of marker. Electron microscopic examination of the GP confirmed the presence of both perikaryal and terminal labeling. Coinjection of kainic acid and WGA-HRP into the striatum blocked the appearance of anterograde label in the GP but the retrogradely labeled pallidal neurons remained visible. PMID- 7214144 TI - Effect of kainic acid lesions on muscarinic agonist receptor subtypes in rat striatum. PMID- 7214145 TI - Vestibular-visual interactions in frog mesencephalon during natural stimulation. PMID- 7214146 TI - The long-lasting inhibition recorded in vitro from the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. AB - Potentials evoked by stimulation of stria terminalis and a part of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala were recorded in vitro from thin amygdaloid sections. The presence of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials lasting for 0.3-1 sec and mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid was demonstrated by intracellular and extracellular recordings. PMID- 7214147 TI - Role of intracortical inhibition in deprivation amblyopia: reversal by microiontophoretic bicuculline. AB - The GABA antagonist, bicuculline, was microiontophoretically applied to 31 cells in the visual cortices of 4 cats monocularly deprived of vision from birth to time of study at age 5 months. Bicuculline restored input from the deprived eye to 42% of cells studied. Elevation of background firing rates by glutamate failed to restore deprived eye input. We suggest that intracortical inhibition plays an important role in maintaining the physiological abnormalities produced in visual cortex by monocular deprivation. PMID- 7214149 TI - Are CNS neurons polyploid? A critical analysis based upon cytophotometric study of the DNA content of cerebellar and olfactory bulbar neurons of the bat. AB - A cytophotometric study of the nuclear DNA content of bat cerebellar and olfactory bulbar neurons was performed with particular attention to corrections for distributional error and non-specific light loss and to selection of appropriate control nuclei for the establishment of reliable haploid and diploid DNA values. Feulgen stained sections were measured with an integrating, scanning microdensitometer for correction of distributional error. The values thus obtained were further corrected in 3 different ways to subtract the contribution of background absorbance at 546 nm. Bat haploid (1c) DNA values were derived from spermatozoa, and diploid (2c) values from pancreatic acinar cells, hepatocytes and non-hepatocyte liver cells. Microglia of olfactory bulb also had 2c values. After correction, all neurons measured, except Purkinje cells, had DNA values more closely approximating the tetraploid (4c) than the diploid (2c) level. Purkinje neurons had mean DNA values closer to 2c than to 4c, but inherent technical difficulties in measuring these very large, light staining nuclei has created less confidence in the values obtained than for those of the other neurons. This uncertainty, plus the apparent existence of two populations of Purkinje neurons, one 2c and the other hyperdiploid, suggested by the DNA distribution curves, make it difficult to eliminate the possibility of polyploidization of Purkinje neurons. A critical analysis of various cytophotometric, radioautographic and biochemical approaches to the problem of CNS neuron polyploidization has revealed potentially serious flaws in many of them, rendering virtually impossible interpretation of the numerous contradictory results in the literature. Standardization of the cytophotometric technique and improvement of the radioautographic approach seem to be prerequisite to the resolution of the existing dilemma. PMID- 7214148 TI - Changes in the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex of the rhesus monkey with behavioral and pharmacological alerting. AB - It is well known that eye movements are influenced by an animal's state of arousal. Alterations in the dynamic characteristics of the horizontal vestibulo ocular reflex of adolescent rhesus monkeys induced by changes in the animal's state of arousal were studied using linear system analysis employing both single frequency sinusoidal and white noise rotational stimulations. Arousal changes were induced by a behavioral task and/or the administration of amphetamines (0.5 mg/kg). Results indicate that highly alert animals display vestibulo-ocular reflex gains significantly different from less alert animals. Specifically, the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex is closer to unity over a wider range of frequencies in more alert animals. These changes were independent of the method used to maintain a high level of arousal. PMID- 7214150 TI - Two distinct serotonin receptors: regional variations in receptor binding in mammalian brain. AB - Two distinct serotonin receptors in mammalian brain are labeled respectively with [3H]serotonin (5-HT1) and [3H]spiperone (5-HT2). In general agonists display highest affinities for 5-HT1 while antagonists prefer 5-HT2 sites. To conduct regional studies of 5-HT receptors, we estimated 5-HT2 sites with [3H]spiperone, using the 5-HT2 specific antagonist cinanserin to displace binding to 5-HT2 but not dopamine receptors and sulpiride to displace [3H]spiperone from dopamine but not 5-HT receptors. About 15% of cerebral cortical [3H]spiperone binding appears to involve dopamine sites and the remainder involves 5-HT2 receptors. In the corpus striatum about 80% of [3H]spiperone binding labels dopamine receptors and the rest involves 5-HT2 sites. [3H]mianserin binds about equally to 5-HT2 and histamine H1-receptors. [3H]mianserin interactions with 5-HT2 sites are studied selectively by displacing histamine H1-receptor binding with the H1-antihistamine triprolidine. [3H]LSD labels both 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Its binding to 5-HT1 sites is displaced selectively with 5-HT, while its binding to 5-HT2 receptors is displaced with cinanserin. [3H]5-HT labels only 5-HT1 receptors. The regional distribution of the two 5-HT receptors is similar in rat, guinea pig and bovine brain. However, the regional patterns of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors differ considerably in all 3 species. The hippocampus is quite high in 5-HT1 receptors but low in 5-HT2 sites. The cerebellum contains the lowest levels of both 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. In bovine brain, most areas contain similar numbers of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. However, the substantia nigra, the richest 5-HT1 area in bovine brain, possesses 10 times more 5-HT1 than 5-HT2 sites. PMID- 7214152 TI - Neuronal hypersensitivity to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors induced by a kindling stimulus in the rabbit brain. AB - Kindling has been studied primarily with electrical stimuli applied to subcortical structures in the limbic system. Several recent pharmacological studies have implicated muscarinic cholinergic synapses in the genesis of limbic epilepsy. The present investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that cholinergic neurons may constitute a critical element in the neuronal circuitry of kindling. Chemitrodes implanted in rabbit brains enabled both electrical and chemical stimulations of limbic structures. The results indicate that only few electrical kindling-stimuli produce prolonged hypersensitivity to intracerebrally injected physostigmine. A subsequent electrical stimulus continues the kindling progression. The cholinergic supersensitivity persisted for a long time and was suppressed only by intramuscular injections of scopolamine. PMID- 7214151 TI - Control of glutaminase activity in rat brain cortex in vitro: influence of glutamate, phosphate, ammonium, calcium and hydrogen ions. AB - Studies of the kinetics of product inhibitions of glutaminase activity of rat brain cortical homogenates incubated in Krebs-Ringer medium in presence of the activating anion phosphate show that whereas ammonium acts competitively with respect to L-glutamine, L-glutamate acts non-competitively. Calcium ions are stimulatory with maximum stimulation occurring at 1 mM. This effect is blocked by EGTA. The optimum pH for glutamine hydrolysis is 8.2 with maximum stimulation by Ca2+ occurring at pH 7.8. Similar observations have been made with a crude synaptosomal fraction of brain cortex and also with brain cortex slices where the rates of hydrolyses are about one order of magnitude lower than those with brain homogenates. Ammonium (2 mM) diminishes glutamate and aspartate, and enhances glutamine and ammonium levels of brain cortex slices incubated in a physiological glucose-saline medium. It is suggested that stimulation by Ca2+ ions may occur in part by enhanced phosphate, and by diminished glutamate and H+ ion concentrations of mitochondria and that mutual regulation of glutaminase and glutamine synthetase may exist in glia but not in nerve terminals. It is proposed that calcium plays a role in maintaining normal electrical activities of certain neurons in part by its effects on glutamate regeneration in nerve terminals from glial-derived glutamine and that when brain cell ammonium is maintained at levels above the normal, suppressions of glutaminase activity in nerve terminals could affect the rate of formation of glutamine-derived neurotransmitters. PMID- 7214153 TI - Increased response to sural nerve input in the dorsal horn following chronic spinal cord hemisection. AB - Monosynaptic input from sural nerve afferents to dorsal horn neurons was mapped bilaterally using electrical stimulation in normal cats and cats with spinal cord hemisections. Animals hemisected 6 h-5 days previously did not differ significantly from normals and the sides of the cord did not differ in either group. In animals hemisected 88-182 days previously there were significantly more sites responsive to sural nerve input ipsilateral to the hemisection, than contralateral to it. PMID- 7214156 TI - Developments of alpha-bungarotoxin receptors in cultured chick ciliary ganglion neurons. AB - We have maintained embryonic chick ciliary ganglion neurons in dissociated cell culture and studied the progressive appearance of surface receptors for [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin. Cultures were established from 8-day-old embryos and fed a medium supplemented with 180 micrograms/ml of a soluble protein extract prepared from the eye, the target organ for the ciliary ganglion. Approximately 8064 neurons survived per ganglion and there was no evident loss of neurons through two weeks in culture. Binding of [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin was determined at room temperature in intact cells still attached to their coverslips. Non specific binding was less than 2% of the total. Specific binding of [125I]alpha bungarotoxin was saturable with respect to both time of incubation (20-30 min) and concentration of toxin (5-10 nM), with an apparent Kd = 1.0 nM. Binding sites for [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin increased during the first week in culture from 1.8 fmol per 10(4) neurons at 1 day in vitro (DIV) to 8.6 fmol per 10(4) neurons at 7 DIV, after which the number of sites seemed to plateau. Light microscopic autoradiography was performed on cultures at 4 DIV and showed most of the grains associated with the surfaces of neuronal cell bodies, while scattered grains occurred over neuronal processes. When compared with previous reports on the in vivo development of alpha-bungarotoxin receptors in chick ciliary ganglia, the appearance of receptors in these cultured neurons followed a time course similar to, but at lower levels, than, their in vivo counterparts. Nevertheless, this culture system should prove useful for the study of questions concerning the regulation, surface distribution and intracellular pathways of neuronal alpha bungarotoxin receptors. PMID- 7214154 TI - Reflex response of the hypoglossal nerve induced by gustatory stimulation of the frog tongue. PMID- 7214157 TI - Effects of phenytoin on pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus. AB - The effects of phenytoin (35 micrograms/ml) on membrane properties and inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSPs) in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons of the in vitro rat hippocampus were examined. No significant change was observed on input resistance or resting membrane potential. Action potential amplitude, overshoot, rate of rise and rate of decay were decreased. IPSP conductance increase and reversal potential, evoked in CA3 cells through mossy fiber stimulation and in CA1 cells through recurrent and Schaffer's collateral stimulation, were unaffected. PMID- 7214155 TI - Increased concentration and accelerated synaptosomal uptake of noradrenaline in the central nervous tissues of neonatally hemispherectomized adult rats. AB - Neonatally hemispherectomized adult rat brain was analyzed. The content of noradrenaline (NA) had increased significantly in the brain stem (+ 116%) and the cerebellum (+ 100%) by the 3rd month after operation. The Km for the high affinity uptake of NA by the brain stem synaptosomes stayed unchanged but Vmax was almost doubled by the operation. Fluorescence histochemical findings also suggest sprouting of noradrenergic axons in specific brain regions. PMID- 7214158 TI - Neurites from mouse retina and dorsal root ganglion explants show specific behavior within co-cultured tectum or spinal cord. AB - We have utilized extracellular microiontophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase into fetal mouse retinal explants to label retinal ganglion cell axons innervating co-cultured tectal explants in a solid Golgi-like manner. Using dorsal root ganglia-tectum and retina-spinal cord co-cultures as controls, our results indicate that retinal neurites show selective growth and arborizations within their appropriate tectal, target tissue. Retinotectal explant co-cultures may be a useful model system for studying aspects of neuronal specificity. PMID- 7214159 TI - Sensitivity of identified medial hypothalamic neurons to GABA, glycine and related amino acids; influence of bicuculline, picrotoxin and strychnine on synaptic inhibition. AB - Medial hypothalamic neurons in pentobarbital anesthetized rats were identified by location and response to electrical stimulation of the amygdala, medial preoptic area, midbrain periaqueductal gray and median eminence. Cells were then examined for their sensitivity to microiontophoretic applications of GABA, glycine and 3 related amino acids, i.e. beta-guanidinopropionic acid, delta-aminovaleric acid and beta-alanine. Application of all agents decreased the spontaneous and glutamate or aspartate evoked activity of the majority of neurons in all identified categories. The majority of neurons were more sensitive to beta guanidinopropionate, delta aminovalerate and GABA than to glycine and beta alanine. Bicuculline and picrotoxin produced a selective and reversible antagonism of depressions evoked by GABA and GABA-like amino acids whereas strychnine produced a selective and reversible antagonism of depressions evoked by glycine and beta-alanine. Bicuculline and picrotoxin, but not strychnine, were observed to diminish synaptic inhibition evoked by electrical stimulation of several sites when these agents were administered by microiontophoresis and by i.v. injections in convulsive doses. These observations suggest that many medial hypothalamic neurons have both GABA and glycine receptors but that GABA may have the more important role as a neurotransmitter common to afferent or recurrent inhibitory hypothalamic pathways. PMID- 7214160 TI - A quantitative regional analysis of protein synthesis inhibition in the rat brain following localized injection of cycloheximide. AB - Previous work has shown that bilateral injection of as little as 10 microgram of cycloheximide (CHX) into the amygdala, but not into the internal capsule, caused a time-dependent disruption of long-term retention of passive avoidance training. Under these conditions, protein synthesis in the entire brain was inhibited by less than 10%. The present study was undertaken to quantify the resulting inhibition of protein synthesis in various brain regions (amygdala, internal capsule, caudate, cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus and the entire half brain). Rats were subcutaneously injected with L-[14C-methyl]methionine following unilateral administration of CHX via a cannula implanted in either the amygdala or the internal capsule. Regional inhibition of protein synthesis was determined by analysis of autoradiograms from different brain levels using an image analyzing computer to measure the optical densities of microscopic areas corresponding to discrete neuroanatomical structures. Regional patterns of inhibition were assessed: (a) after injection of different doses of CHX (10 or 20 microgram) into the amygdala; (b) after injection of 20 microgram of CHX into the amygdala or internal capsule; and (c) at different times (0.5, 3, 6 and 24 h) after injection of 20 microgram of CHX into the amygdala. Quantitative results are presented for the temporal and spatial patterns of protein synthesis inhibition caused by CHX injection. Since injection of CHX into the amygdala resulted in a profound inhibition of protein synthesis in both the amygdala and internal capsule while injection into the thermal capsule only caused a marked inhibition in the capsule itself, these results provide a possible explanation for our earlier observation that injection of CHX into the amygdala produced a retention deficit while injection into the adjacent internal capsule had no effect on memory function. These observations on protein synthesis inhibition support our earlier hypothesis that CHX injected into the amygdala might impair memory by virtue of its action on amygdaloid function rather than as a result of its effect on the brain as a whole. PMID- 7214161 TI - Metabolic control of the behavioural action of androgens in the dove brain: testosterone inactivation by 5 beta-reduction. AB - In vitro studies of androgen metabolism in the dove brain show that testosterone is rapidly converted to 5 beta-reduced metabolites (5 beta-dihydrotestosterone and the two corresponding 3 alpha/3 beta diols). The preoptic region and the anterior ventromedial and posterior hypothalamus which are target areas for androgen action on behaviour and the neuroendocrine system show significantly less 5 beta-reduction than adjacent parolfactory, septal and striatal areas not directly involved in androgen action. In contrast to 5 alpha-reduction and aromatization, which lead to the formation of active metabolites in the dove brain, 5 beta-reduction is likely to be part of a testosterone (T) inactivation mechanism because: (a) intrahypothalamic implants of 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone were ineffective for male behaviour in the dove; (b) 5 beta-reduced metabolites of T were not detected in hypothalamic cell nuclei following intramuscular injection of tritiated testosterone, and were rapidly eliminated from brain cells; (c) the 4 beta-diols were also found to be a major product of T catabolism in the liver, a site of androgen inactivation. Long-term androgen deficit induced by castration increased 5 beta DHT formation in the preoptic area, but not in an adjacent parolfactory area. The increase was reversed by exogenous testosterone and oestradiol-17 beta indicating that the 5 beta-reduction pathway in an androgen-sensitive brain area is influenced by hormonal conditions. It is suggested that 5 beta-reduction is a testosterone inactivation pathway involved in the regulation of brain sensitivity to androgens. PMID- 7214162 TI - Adaptability of the vestibulo-ocular reflex to vision reversal in strobe reared cats. AB - Optical reversal of vision brings about adaptive changes in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) tending to reduce retinal image slip during head movement. The present experiments investigated this form of adaptation in cats whose complement of direction sensitive central visual cells had been substantially reduced by rearing in 8 Hz stroboscopic light. Horizontal vision reversal was produced by dove prisms carried in a skull-mounted mask. A scleral eye coil was used to measure horizontal eye movements. VOR gain and phase were measured in the dark during sinusoidal rotation using test stimuli of 1/8 Hz and 5- or 20 degrees/sec velocity amplitude. Initially, strobe reared cats produced virtually normal VOR in the dark, except for slight but significant exaggeration of the normal phase advancement to be expected at 1/8 Hz. Addition of their familiar strobe illumination produced almost perfect oculomotor compensation. Maintained vision reversal in both strobe and normal illumination produced similar patterns of adaptive change in normal and strobe reared subjects, i.e. all animals exhibited an initial fast, and subsequent much slower, stage of gain attenuation, with similar changes in phase. Thus, strobe rearing did not prevent the development of an essentially normal VOR, nor did it interfere significantly with the ability to adapt in response to vision reversal. Since strobe rearing depletes direction selective visual movement detectors in the cortex and superior colliculi, it is inferred that signals responsible for activating the adaptive process are probably carried mainly in the accessory optic, rather than cortical and collicular, visual system. PMID- 7214164 TI - Visuocortical epileptiform discharges in rabbits: differential effects on neuronal development in the lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus. AB - We have studied the effects of interictal epileptiform discharges originating from the striate cortex on the development of the receptive field characteristics of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) and superior colliculus (SC) in neonatal rabbits. The paroxysmal discharges were generated by twice-daily injections of penicillin into an implanted cannula. Control injections of penicillin + penicillinase were given to the other striate cortex of the same animal. Similar experimental procedures were used to study the effect of such projected discharges on the LGNd neurons in adult rabbit. The results of the first experiment show that cortical epileptiform discharges, initiated in neonatal rabbits 7--9 days of age and continuing to 20--25 days of age, retard the normal development of LGNd cells. There was an abnormal increase of indefinite cells, cells failing to respond to any light stimulation, and a concurrent decrease of cells with concentric cells was still present in adult rabbits which had interictal discharges in the striate cortex limited to the period of 7--9 days to 21--25 days of age. The fourth experiment shows that the interictal discharges in neonatal rabbits do not affect the normal receptive field development of neurons in the SC. The present results demonstrate that asymptomatic interictal epileptiform discharges, produced without focal structural damages in immature brain, can affect the development of neuronal connectivity. These results may have some clinical implications in relation to our understanding about the learning and developmental disabilities exhibited in children who had episodic seizure discharges. PMID- 7214163 TI - Eye oscillations in strobe reared cats. AB - Cats reared from birth in stroboscopic illumination develop abnormal spontaneous eye oscillations of low amplitude. The present experiments were undertaken to define these eye movements as recorded in the dark, in stroboscopic light of various frequencies, after exposure to normal light and after attenuation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain by optical reversal of vision. The interaction of spontaneous eye oscillations with voluntary saccadic eye movements, and optokinetic tracking (OKN), were also studied. Two cats, reared from birth to 18 months in 8 Hz strobe light, and one normally reared control animal, were used. Horizontal movement of the right eye was measured by the scleral eye coil method. The frequency content of eye movement records was determined by power spectral analysis. VOR gain was estimated in the dark, by rotating the animals sinusoidally at 1/8 Hz and 5 degrees/sec velocity amplitude. In the dark, both strobe reared cats had abnormal spontaneous eye oscillations at a frequency close to 8 Hz, with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 0.5--1.0 degrees. These abnormal eye movements did not interfere with, nor were they abolished by, normal oculomotor activity. The introduction of strobe light modified the spontaneous eye movements by entraining the oscillations at a given 'forcing' frequency, and by producing a number of harmonics or sub-harmonics. In one of the strobe reared animals, the effect of normal light was to reduce the characteristic 'dark' value of 9 Hz, to a new maintained 'light' value of 2.7 Hz. Adaptive attenuation of the VOR gain caused the abolition of regular spontaneous eye oscillations in the dark; nevertheless, transient oscillations to single strobe flashes could still be elicited in the VOR adapted condition. The results are interpreted as representing an organised attempt by the developing oculomotor system to attain the goal of stable visual perception in a new visual environment. PMID- 7214165 TI - Self-inhibition alters firing patterns of neurons in Aplysia buccal ganglia. AB - The functional consequences of cholinergic self-inhibitory synaptic potentials (SISPs) upon firing patterns were examined in pairs of electrotonically coupled neurons of Aplysia buccal ganglia. In each neuron, the size of the peak SISP current decrements exponentially with increased number of previous conditioning action potentials (APs). To determine the effect of SISPs on the firing patterns of each cell, AP trains elicited by constant-current steps with the SISP intact were compared to those with the SISP blocked by curare. The SISP prolonged initial interspike intervals, providing an early supplement to accommodation, and produced a 75% increase in the sensitivity of firing frequency vs injected current plots for the first ISI. Firing rates were more regular in the presence of the SISP. However, the efficacy of the SISP, like the size of the underlying current, decrements with repetition. SISP effects were also studied in electrotonically coupled pairs of self-inhibitory neurons. Although the SISP altered the shape of the hyperpolarizing component of coupling potentials, DC coupling between the neurons was unaffected. Firing synchrony in coupled pairs stimulated with long DC pulses was assessed with cross-correlation histograms. In 60 mM Ca2+, the SISP sharpens the central peak of synchrony and deepens the flanking troughs, increasing the probability of synchronous firing within +/- 4 msec by 76%. The major determinants of synchrony were found to be common input, SISP-dependent regularity of firing, and the depolarizing phase of the coupling potential, rather than the SISP-enhanced hyperpolarizing phase. PMID- 7214166 TI - [Evaluation of the function of valve prostheses by echocardiography in combination with phonocardiography and other graphic methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214167 TI - [Effect of hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide on the overall calcium content in aortal tissue of rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214168 TI - [Evaluation of the severity of cholestatic hepatosis in pregnant women (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214169 TI - [Comparison of noninvasive methods of blood pressure measurements with the use of microphone, ultrasound, and oscillometric detection of arterial pulsations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214170 TI - [Determination of the optimal rate of fats in food with respect to utilization of proteins in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214171 TI - [Circadian rhythm in the food intake of rats. Ad libitum feeding under natural (dark at night) and reversed lighting conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214172 TI - [Polygraphic examination of patients with ischemic heart disease after administration of Viskenit 45 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214173 TI - [Diagnostic problems of late pulmonary metastases of grade 1 malignancy carcinomas of the uropoetic tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214174 TI - [Werner's syndrome in two siblings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214175 TI - [Thalassemia minor, electron microscopic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214176 TI - [The introduction and use of SI units in medicine]. PMID- 7214177 TI - [Radicular and nervous innervation of the anterior serratus muscle and the latissimus dorsi muscle in the cat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214178 TI - [Cesarean section in the concept of contemporary obstetrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214181 TI - [Side effects of oral contraceptives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214180 TI - [Effect of reserpine on O- and N-demethylase activity in the liver of rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214179 TI - [Citric acid in serum and urine in relation to acido-base balance in newborn infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214182 TI - [Preterm outflow of amniotic fluid in the course of pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214185 TI - [Appendicitis and adnexitis in childhood and adolescence as causes of female sterility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214184 TI - [The role of hysterosalpingography and celioscopy in detecting causes of sterility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214186 TI - [Pregnancy in children and adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214183 TI - [Relationship between the biparietal diameter of the fetal head, human placental lactogen (HPL), thermostable alkaline phosphatase, and blood oxytocinase in risk pregnancy]. PMID- 7214187 TI - [Contribution of psychopharmacology to the interpretation of some phenomena in the pathogenesis of neuroses in the light of the theory of behavioral psychotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214188 TI - [Fenfluramin in the therapy of obesity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214189 TI - [Prophylaxis of venous thromboses by low doses of heparin in fractures of the upper end of the femur (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214190 TI - [Structure of the SI unit system and of standardized units of measurement used in medicine]. PMID- 7214192 TI - Procion dyes as affinity ligands and reporter groups for dihydrofolate reductase from Walker 256 carcinoma. AB - Procion dye - agarose matrices were investigated for isolation of dihydrofolate reductase (FAH2R) from Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. Cibacron blue F3GA, Procion blue MX4GD, Procion blue HERD, and Procion red H3BN covalently bound to agarose adsorbed greater than 85% of pure FAH2R from 100 mM imidazole buffer, pH 6.3, and this enzyme was specifically and quantitatively eluted with 1 mM folate. The capacity and selectivity of the dye-agarose matrices were greater at low dye incorporation. Difference spectroscopy of the FAH2R - Cibacron blue F3GA complex indicated that 2 mol of the dye were bound in hydrophobic environments with each mole of the enzyme. NADPH and folate (at twofold molar excess over enzyme) or 1 M KCl displaced only 1 mol of Cibacron blue F3GA. This dye interacted stoichiometrically in a specific manner with the active site of FAH2R probably spanning the folate and NADP binding sites. The second dye molecule appears to be bound in a nonspecific hydrophobic manner. Selected Procion dye - agarose matrices can be used for partial purification of FAH2R from tumor homogenate. PMID- 7214191 TI - [Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance conformation studies of peptides with analgesic activity]. AB - 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of proline peptides with central antalgic activity (Pro-Arg, Arg-Pro, Pro-Arg-Pro, Pro-Lys-Pro) indicate a predominance of trans conformation at all pH values; but their physiological activities appear to be related to the ability of the C-terminal proline peptides to assume the cis conformation. PMID- 7214193 TI - Cholesterol metabolism in obese mice. AB - Young male obese mice and their lean litter mates (strain ob/ob) were compared. Serum cholesterol levels were higher in obese than in lean animals. 3-Hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity was lower in brown adipose tissue and liver of obese mice than in tissue from their lean litter mates. However, activity of this enzyme was found to be the same or higher in white adipose tissue of obese animals than in their lean litter mates. During complete starvation, blood cholesterol levels in obese mice decreased and attained the lower level of lean ones after 48 h. After 24 h of starvation, enzyme activity decreased in white fat of obese mice only. Simple calculations indicate that white fat from obese mice produces about fourfold more cholesterol per day per unit body weight than does the same tissue from lean mice. PMID- 7214195 TI - Horseradish peroxidase. XLII. Oxidations of L-tyrosine and 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine by compound II. AB - The oxidations of both L-tyrosine and 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine by compound II of horseradish peroxidase were studied over the pH range of approximately 5 to 10 at 25 degrees C and at a constant ionic strength of 0.11. The rate versus pH profile for the tyrosine - compound II reaction illustrates the influences of at least two acid group ionizations. An enzyme dissociation (pKa approximately 6.2) has a small effect on the reaction rate; whereas, a second pKa of 9.2, which may be attributed to either the enzyme or substrate, has a greater influence on the rate. The oxidation of tyrosine by compound II is fastest at pH 7.6. In the case of the diiodotyrosine - compound II reaction, three acid dissociations are necessary to describe the plot of log (kaap) versus pH. These include two enzyme pKa values of 3.6 and 8.6, and one substrate pKa of 6.6. The rate optimum for the reaction occurs at pH 5.2 and deprotonation of the phenolic group of diiodotyrosine results in a dramatic decrease in kapp. Diiodotyrosine is required in only a 0.5 M equivalent for the conversion of horseradish peroxidase compound I to compound II. The diiodotyrosine pKa values were estimated as 6.4 and 9.4 for the phenolic and amino groups, respectively. PMID- 7214194 TI - Characterization of mononucleosomes and associated glycoproteins from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - Mononucleosomes generated by the digestion of ascites nuclei with micrococcal nuclease were resolved into three types by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All three types were present in early and late digest and a precursor-product relationship was not apparent. Each mononucleosome type was associated with a unique pattern of subnucleosome DNA fragments and differences were apparent in histone and nonhistone proteins. On the basis of reactivity ot 125I-labelled concanavalin A and labelling with [3H]glucosamine, glycoproteins were identified as components of two of the mononucleosome types. The principal glycoprotein species associated with mononucleosomes had an apparent molecular weight of 130 000. PMID- 7214196 TI - Stereochemical substrate requirements of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and its inhibition by enantiomeric lysolecithins. AB - The suitability of 1-sn-phosphorylcholine- and 2-sn-phosphorylcholine diacylglycerols as substrates for lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was assayed under standardized conditions using sonicated liposomes of radioactive phospholipids. The results were compared with those obtained for the corresponding molecular species of the natural 3-sn phosphorylcholinediacylglycerol. It was found that with the 2-sn phosphorylcholinediacylglycerol, LCAT had only 16% of the activity that it showed for 3-sn-phosphorylcholinediacylglycerol, while its activity with 1-sn phosphorylcholinediacyglycerol as the substrate was not significant. It is concluded that LCAT possesses highly specific steric and positional requirements for its phosphatidylcholine substrates and that, like phospholipase A2, it has a significant activity with the 2-sn-phosphorylcholinedicacylglycerol. It wa also shown that the activity of LCAT is inhibited by both enantiomers of lysophosphatidylcholine as well as Triton X-100. In all instances the inhibition was reversed by the addition of lipid-free albumin. It is concluded, therefore, that the inhibition of LCAT by lysophosphatidylcholine is a detergent rather than an end-product inhibition phenomenon. PMID- 7214197 TI - Renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase during perturbations of acid-base homeostasis in rats. Immunochemical studies. AB - The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) increased in the rat kidney after induction of metabolic acidosis. Immunotitration of the enzyme in renal extracts from normal and acidotic rats indicate that this increase in catalytic activity correlates with the amount of immunotitrateable activity. PEPCK activity decreased rapidly during recovery from acidosis and the time required for the activity to return to normal was not altered by the administration of NaHCO3 at the start of recovery. Immunotitration of the enzyme from rats allowed to recover from metabolic acidosis revealed that the decrease in catalytic activity was paralleled by a decrease in the amount of immunotitrateable activity. It is concluded that the rise and fall in PEPCK activity during acidosis and recovery from acidosis, respectively, are due to comparable changes in enzyme protein. PMID- 7214200 TI - N,N-Diethyl-2-(1-pyridyl)ethylamine, a partial agonist for the histamine receptor in guinea pig ileum. AB - N,N-Diethyl-2-(1-pyridyl)ethylamine (E-2-P) produced 59 +/- 7% of the maximal response to histamine in guinea pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle and antagonized the responses of this tissue to histamine. The estimated binding constant of E-2-P for the histamine receptor predicted a binding curve nearly coincident with the agonist concentration-response curve indicating no receptor reserve for this partial agonist. Diphenhydramine (30 nM) produced competitive antagonism of response to E-2-P (pKB = 8.3 +/- 0.13). Triprolidine (0.3 nM), a slower acting antihistamine, produced a depression of the maximal responses to E 2-P. This effect was analyzed in terms of a "hemi-equilibrium" hypothesis which approximates a pseudoirreversible antagonism of histamine receptors by triprolidine with respect to E-2-P. All data are consistent with the classification of E-2-P as a simple partial agonist for the histamine receptor of guinea pig ileum. PMID- 7214198 TI - Two large glycoprotein fragments related to the NH2-terminal part of the adrenocorticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor are the end products of the maturation process in the rat pars intermedia. AB - Pulse and pulse-chase studies of the peptide hormones synthesized in the rat pars intermedia showed that during the maturation of pro-opiomelanocortin (the adrenocorticotropin-beta-lipotropin (ACTH-beta-LPH) precursor) the N-terminal portion of the precursor was released as a glycopeptide of relative mass of 17 000 - 19 000 and did not undergo further proteolytic cleavage. This peptide is therefore proposed to be the biologically active species related to the amino terminal fragment of pro-opiomelanocortin in the rat pars intermedia. PMID- 7214199 TI - Effects of histamine in the isolated kitten heart. AB - The effects of histamine and 4-methylhistamine (4-MH) in isolated kitten heart preparations were examined. Histamine and 4-MH produced dose-dependent increases in the rate of spontaneously beating right atria. The positive chronotropic effect of histamine and 4-MH was unaffected by promethazine but was antagonized by both cimetidine and propranolol. The positive inotropic effects of histamine and 4-MH were studied in the kitten right ventricle strip, right papillary muscle, and left atrium. In all three tissues the positive inotropic effect of histamine and 4-MH was blocked by propranolol and not by either promethazine or cimetidine. In tissues from reserpine-pretreated kittens, histamine caused only a modest increase in rate. The inotropic effects of histamine in the left atrium, right ventricle strip, and right papillary muscle were abolished following reserpine pretreatment. The results of this study indicate two components to the effects of histamine and 4-MH on the kitten heart. The majority of the chronotropic response, and all of the inotropic response, is due to indirect activation of beta adrenoceptors through release of catecholamines. Part of the chronotropic response to both histamine and 4-MH is due to histamine H2-receptor stimulation. Based on the results from reserpine-pretreated animals, it is possible that the release of catecholamines by histamine in the kitten right atrium is through H2-receptor stimulation. PMID- 7214201 TI - Biochemical and histochemical alterations in skeletal muscle in man during a period of reduced activity. AB - This study investigated the hypothesis that the adaptations in skeletal muscle to prolonged exercise overload, involving high levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) resynthesis, result in a preferential adaptation to pathways involved in energy metabolism. The change in selected properties of skeletal muscle during a period of reduced activity was used as an indication of training-induced adaptations. Muscle biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis were analyzed 6 weeks and 18 weeks after a 5-month, intense, intermittent training program. Significant reductions occurred (p less than 0.05) in enzyme activities representative of the citric acid cycle (succinic dehydrogenase, SDH), beta oxidation of free fatty acids (3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, HADH), glycogenolysis (total phosphorylase, PHOSP), and glycolysis (phosphofructokinase, PFK). In addition, reductions in concentration (p less than 0.05) were also found for ATP, creatine phosphate (CP), and glycogen. With the exception of PFK, all enzyme changes and the high energy phosphates reached new stable levels by at least the 6th week of detraining. The absence of changes in muscle cell type and size during the detraining period supports the hypothesis that adaptations in energy potential of the muscle cell predominate in this type of high intensity overload situation. PMID- 7214202 TI - Reflexly induced inhibition of catecholamine release through a peripheral muscarinic mechanism. PMID- 7214203 TI - Correlations between hemodynamic parameters of the liver and norepinephrine release upon hepatic nerve stimulation in the dog. PMID- 7214204 TI - Effect of renal denervation on arterial pressure and renal norepinephrine concentration in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Renal norepinephrine (NE) concentration was measured at 2-week intervals after bilateral denervation of the kidneys in 5-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Sham-operated rats of both strains served as controls. Renal denervation significantly delayed but did not prevent the development of hypertension in SHR. Kidney NE concentration in renal-denervated SHR was 13, 25, 33, and 35% of that found in sham-operated SHR at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, respectively, after denervation. Similarly, kidney NE concentration in renal-denervated WKY rats was 11, 24, 32, and 34% of controls but arterial pressure was not significantly altered. Renal-denervated SHR subjected to a second denervation operation 3 weeks after the initial operation continued to develop hypertension similar to those having only one operation. The results of this study support the hypothesis that renal nerves are involved in the hypertensive process in SHR during the early stages and suggest that renal reinnervation may occur within several weeks after denervation; however, the delayed rise in arterial pressure in renal-denervated SHR is not due to renal reinnervation. PMID- 7214205 TI - Characterization of the histamine receptors in rabbit left atria. AB - The effects of selective histamine receptor analogs were studied in electrically paced rabbit left atria. Atrial tension was increased by histamine (an H1 and H2 agonist), 4-methylhistamine and impromidine (H2 agonists), and 2 pyridylethylamine (PEA) (an H1 agonist). The responses to histamine and impromidine were not altered by propranolol (1 x 10(-7) M) or reserpine pretreatment. However, the responses to 4-methylhistamine and PEA were significantly decreased upon pretreatment with propranolol or reserpine. Promethazine pretreatment (H1 receptor blockade) antagonized the inotropic effects of histamine and PEA but had no effect on the responses to 4 methylhistamine or impromidine. Cimetidine pretreatment (H2 receptor antagonism) competitively blocked the positive inotropic effects of histamine, 4 methylhistamine, and impromidine. These results suggest that the left atrial inotropic response is mediated through H1 and H2 receptor stimulation. PMID- 7214207 TI - Cyclobenzaprine: a possible mechanism of action for its muscle relaxant effect. AB - Intravenously administered cyclobenzaprine (CBZ) (Flexeril), a clinically used, centrally acting muscle relaxant, abolished muscle rigidity in the intercollicular decerebrate rat. In animals in which the locus coeruleus was lesioned bilaterally previously, CBZ failed to attenuate the electromyogram. In the ventral horn of the cord, which receives a dense noradrenergic innervation from the locus coeruleus, CBZ caused an increase in the metabolism of noradrenaline. In the zona intermedia of the thoracic cord, which is not innervated by the locus coeruleus, CBZ caused only minimal effects on noradrenaline metabolism. Cells in the locus coeruleus were activated by CBZ. The results indicate that in the intercollicular decerebrate rat, an intact, coerulospinal, noradrenergic projection is essential for the muscle relaxant effect of CBZ. Muscle relaxation apparently results from an activation of locus coeruleus neurones, leading to an increased release of noradrenaline in the ventral horn of the cord and the subsequent inhibitory action of noradrenaline on alpha motoneurones. PMID- 7214206 TI - The effect of theophylline on histamine H1 and H2 receptor mediated responses in rabbit atria. AB - Rabbit isolated right and left atria were exposed to theophylline and to selected doses of histamine agonists. Right atrial rate and left atrial tension were increased by theophylline (3 x 10(-4) M), the H1 agonist 2-pyridylethylamine (PEA) (1 x 10(-4) M), and the H2 agonists 4-methylhistamine (1 x 10(-4) M) and impromidine (1 x 10(-8) M). In the right atria the combined effect of theophylline (3 x 10(-4) M) and any of the histamine agonists was greater than the response to either agonist alone. However, the combined effects were not significantly greater than the sum of the individual right atrial responses. In the left atria the combined effect of theophylline (3 x 10(-4) M) with any one of the histamine agonists was not only greater than the response to either agonist alone but was also significantly greater than the sum of the individual responses. The potentiation of the left atrial response to the H2 agonists by theophylline was significantly decreased by the H2 antagonist cimetidine (1 x 10( 5) M). However, the potentiation of the left atrial response to the H1 agonist (PEA) by theophylline was not significantly altered by the H1 antagonist promethazine (2 x 10(-6) M). Reports that the cardiac effects of H1 and H2 receptor agonists are potentiated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as theophylline as a result of increased cyclic AMP levels are not supported by the present study. PMID- 7214208 TI - Fast transit of red cells and plasma in contracted versus relaxed spleens. AB - Nine-tenths of the inflowing blood passes through the normal relaxed spleen via a fast arteriovenous pathway whereas the remainder travels slowly via the red pulp. However, flow through this fast pathway diminishes to zero when the organ is distended by perfusion at high venous pressure. The present investigation, in which a slug-injection procedure was used to determine the volumes of distribution of red cells and 125I-labelled albumin in isolated, Ringer-perfused cat spleens during a single transit, has shown that in spleens contracted by noradrenaline the entire inflow passes via the fast arteriovenous pathway. The peak outflow concentration of 125I-labelled albumin occurred much later (factor 2.03) than that of red cells. This difference is too great to be accounted for solely by axial accumulation of red cells within a closed system of vessels in vivo and indicates that albumin was distributed throughout a significantly larger space than red cells. These findings are explained in terms of the classical observations of MacKenzie and co-workers on red cell movement in transilluminated mouse spleens during contraction. Whether the splenic retention of damaged red cells would change as a result of the altered flow pathways is not yet known. PMID- 7214209 TI - Effect of renal denervation, furosemide, and acute saline loading on postobstructive diuresis in the rat. AB - The effect of acute or chronic renal denervation, furosemide, or acute saline loading on the postobstructive diuresis (POD) which occurs after relief of 24-h bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) was studied in anaesthetized rats. Acute renal denervation during POD 1--2 h after relief of BUO had no effect on glomerular filtration rate of sodium, potassium, water, or solute excretion, in contrast with its natriuretic and diuretic effect in sham-operated rats. Intravenous furosemide or acute saline loading caused a further marked increase in sodium and water excretion during POD, demonstrating the ability of the kidney undergoing POD to respond to other types of natriuretic stimuli. Chronic renal denervation prior to BUO had no effect on subsequent POD. The lack of response of the BUO kidney undergoing POD to acute denervation contrasts with the changes in renal function following denervation of the unilateral postobstructive kidney. The results indicate that the kidney undergoing POD after relief of BUO may be functionally denervated and suggest that inhibition of renal nerve activity could contribute to the pathophysiology of POD. PMID- 7214210 TI - Acetaldehyde concentration in rat blood and brain during the calcium carbimide- ethanol interaction. AB - Ethanol was administered to rats by oral intubation 3 h after intraperitoneal administration of calcium carbimide. Increased blood acetaldehyde concentration and the presence of acetaldehyde in brain were found for the calcium carbimide- ethanol interaction. There was no detectable brain acetaldehyde for ethanol administration following saline treatment. The magnitude of the acetaldehyde concentration in blood and brain during the calcium carbimide--ethanol interaction was directly dependent on the doses of calcium carbimide (0.7, 3.5, 7.0 mg/kg) and ethanol (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g/kg). There was an exponential relationship between brain acetaldehyde concentration and blood acetaldehyde concentration. The threshold blood acetaldehyde concentration, above which acetaldehyde was found in brain, was approximately 6 micrograms/mL. PMID- 7214211 TI - Some observations on the behaviour of chloride current--voltage relations in Xenopus muscle membrane in acid solutions. AB - Chloride current--voltage relations in Xenopus laevis muscle membrane have been investigated in phosphate-buffered solution (pH 5.2--5.4) using a three microelectrode voltage clamp. Resting chloride conductance in these conditions is about 10(-4) S/cm2, approximately 1/10th that at pH 8.8. When the membrane potential is stepped from the holding (resting) potential to a more negative voltage the current rises from the initial to the steady state. The instantaneous current--voltage relation is linear and the steady-state relation shows inward going rectification. As hyperpolarization appears to "activate" the chloride conductance, the "availability" of chloride current has been measured at the beginning of a voltage step to a standard test potential following conditioning at a variety of potentials. The relationship between the test current and the conditioning voltage is sigmoid. The normalized sigmoid curve has the same slope (absolute value) but opposite sign to that obtained in the same experiment at pH 8.8. In mildly acidic solutions (pH 6.4) the current wave form is diphasic: current initially falls then rises to the steady state. This combination of transients militates against the idea that transients are due solely to accumulation--depletion effects in restricted spaces ("unstirred layers") and a hypothesis is qualitatively outlined in which pH-and voltage-dependent effects are ascribed to a single type of channel whose orientation in the membrane is unconstrained. PMID- 7214212 TI - The effect of porcine calcitonin on intestinal calcium and phosphate fluxes in the young piglet. AB - The effects of a physiological (3.8 ng.mL-1) and a pharmacological (120 ng.mL-1) concentration of porcine calcitonin (CT) on transmucosal calcium and phosphate flux rates were determined in intestinal mucosa from young piglets (4--40 days) mounted in Ussing flux chambers. The physiological concentration of the hormone inhibited net absorptive calcium flux rates in the proximal jejunum and distal ileum but not in the duodenum. No effect of either concentration of CT on phosphate flux rates was observed. The inhibitory effect of the physiological concentration may indicate a role for CT in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis in the young suckling mammal. PMID- 7214213 TI - Distribution of radiomanganese in the rumen of sheep. AB - Twelve sheep, each prepared with a rumen fistula, were divided into three groups of four and fed three dietary levels of manganese (22,300, and 3000 micrograms/g dry matter) for 11 weeks. The sheep were then dosed with radioactive manganese and samples of rumen contents were taken via the rumen fistula at 1, 7, and 13 h after dosing. The sheep were immediately killed after the last sampling and total rumen contents were mixed and sampled. Rumen fluid was separated frm all samples and fractionated by centrifugation into protozoa plus plant particles, bacteria, and cell-free fraction. The bacterial cells were disrupted and fractionated into cell walls and cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic protein was precipitated with trichloroacetic acid. Although the centration of radiomanganese in rumen fluid decreased with time after dosing from 14.4--17.8 to 6.1--9.3% of dose/L the protozoal and bacterial uptakes of radiomanganese were not significantly different and ranged from 26.5 to 40.6% and 18.9 to 31.7% of total in the rumen fluid, respectively. There was also no effect of dietary concentration of manganese on the uptake and distribution of radiomanganese in the rumen fluid fractions. However, on the average more radiomanganese was found in the bacterial cell walls (48.1--75.3% of total in bacteria) and less in the cytoplasm (51.9- 24.7% of total in bacteria) with increasing dietary manganese. Very little radioactivity was found in the trichloroacetic acid precipitated cytoplasm (1.79- 0.78% of total in cytoplasm). concentrations of manganese in the bacteria and bacterial cell walls were higher than, and closely related with, those in the diet. Specific activities of radiomanganese decreased in all fractions with increasing dietary manganese. Approximately 15--17% of the total radiomanganese in the rumen contents at 13 h after dosing was found in the protozoal fraction and 10--15% was found in the bacterial fraction; only approximately 21% of the radiomanganese remained in cell-free fraction of the rumen fluid in each dietary treatment. PMID- 7214214 TI - The regularity and interrelation of respiratory and cardiac rhythms at rest and during exercise. AB - One of the hypotheses to account for the increase in the drive to ventilation in exercise mediated by the peripheral chemoreceptors is that there is an improved linkage between breathing rate and lung to carotid body circulation time, such that peaks of arterial carbon dioxide arrive during a subsequent inspiration thereby stimulating ventilation. This study was designed to examine the mechanisms which may underlie the improved linkage. Auto- and cross-correlations of breathing and heart rhythms in volunteers at rest and during exercise showed an increased regularity of the rhythms but not entrainment between the rhythms. Although the increased regularity of the cardiac rhythm should promote a decrease in the variability of the lung to carotid body circulation time, the lack of entrainment shows that if there is an improved linkage of breathing and lung to carotid body circulation time, it is not by a coupling of heart rhythm to breathing rhythm. PMID- 7214215 TI - Synthesis and assay for activity of a proposed anorexogenic agent, L-pyroglutamyl L-histidyl-glycine. AB - L-Pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-glycine has been reported to be an anorexogenic agent in female mice. In this report the synthesis of this tripeptide is described. The synthetic material was injected into female and male mice and into male rats. In no instance did the animals decrease their food intake. Further, the weights of peptide-treated animals were the same as those of control (saline-treated) animals. The results suggest that L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-glycine is not an anorexogenic agent. PMID- 7214216 TI - Behaviour of mixed populations of halophilic bacteria in continuous cultures. AB - Two main physiological groups of bacteria are known which are adapted to high saline environments, moderate and extreme halophiles. In order to clarify some aspects of the competition between these two groups in their natural habitats, continuous cultures were used to provide a changing spectrum of conditions of salt concentration, temperature, and nutrient concentration (dilution rate). The effects of these parameters on natural solar saltern populations were studied. Complex media were used to increase the range of competing microorganisms. Nineteen strains of halophilic bacteria were isolated and studied with respect to their growth response at different salt concentrations. The temperature seemed to be the decisive factor within the range of salt concentrations studied (20-30%, w/v), the moderate halophiles being favored by low temperatures. Within this group, motile, gram-negative rods, and spiral forms were the predominant morphological types. In general, microorganisms that showed high growth rates in batch cultures predominated in continuous cultures with high dilution rates (high nutrient concentrations); those that grew slowly in batch cultures predominated in cultures with low dilution rates. PMID- 7214217 TI - Distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in finfish harvested from Porto Novo (S. India) environs: a seasonal study. AB - A seasonal survey was undertaken to elucidate the incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshly caught and market samples of fish collected from five distinct locales near Porto Novo. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from 35.6 and 40.6% of freshly harvested fishes from the estuary and mangroves, respectively, while only 3.9% of freshly caught specimens originating from the Bay of Bengal were positive for the pathogen. Isolation rates of 46.8% for fishes from the landing site and 40.6% for fishes from the fish market were recorded. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was more readily recovered from market samples of fish (44%) compared with freshly caught brackish water fishes (37.5%). Incidence of V. parahaemolyticus was higher during summer (March-July) than in other seasons. PMID- 7214218 TI - Dinitrogen-fixing bacteria: computer-assisted identification of soil isolates. AB - Dinitrogen-fixing (acetylene-reducing) bacteria may be readily isolated from soils but extensive biochemical or immunobiological testing, or both, are required to identify them absolutely. A computer-assisted scheme for identification of nine genera of dinitrogen-fixing bacteria was developed and tested. The computer program is based on interpretation of the 70 biochemical tests of the API 20E and 50E, supplemented with tests for acetylene reduction, nitrate and nitrite reduction, catalase, oxidase, motility, and growth on MacConkey's bile salt medium. Dinitrogen-fixing Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Erwinia herbicola) were accurately identified using the data base in the API analytical profile index. Nonenteric dinitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter spp., Azospirillum spp., Derxia sp., Rhodospirillum sp., Clostridium sp., and Bacillus spp.) were subjected to these tests to form a new data base for these bacteria. The API tests agreed with standard biochemical tests commonly used to identify these bacteria, were reproducible with time, and were sufficiently unique to permit accurate identification of each species. The use of the API 20E and 50E tests plus the additional seven tests with these known data bases permitted rapid and precise identification of acetylene reducing bacteria from various agricultural ecosystems. PMID- 7214219 TI - Catabolism of 3-O-methyl-D-glucopyranose by Cryptococcus laurentii. AB - When Cryptococcus laurentii is grown on 3-O-methyl-D-glucopyranose (3-O-MeGlc), two metabolic products are methanol and an extracellular mannan. Hydrolysis of the mannan produced during growth on 3-O-MeGlc labelled with 14C in the 1 or 6 position yields mannose with retention of the labelling pattern in the carbon chain. O-Methyl-labelled substrate yields radioactive methanol. Three possible mechanisms of O-demethylation are ether cleavage, peroxidatic attack, and beta elimination. The latter mechanism was shown to be the most likely through the use of double-labelled (3H and 14C) 3-O-MeGlc. PMID- 7214222 TI - Concentration and purification of rubella virus hemagglutinin by hollow fiber ultrafiltration and sucrose density centrifugation. AB - Large volumes of rubella virus were produced in Vero cell monolayers which were grown in the Corbeil-Bellco TM system. Infectious tissue culture fluids were concentrated at least 600 times in less than 4h by ultrafiltration on hollow fibers with a molecular weight cutoff of 100 000. Recovery of the hemagglutinating activity was 75%. Rubella virus was purified by three successive sucrose density gradient centrifugations using a combination and discontinuous and linear gradients. Specific activity was increased 1000-fold. PMID- 7214220 TI - The effects of organophosphorus pesticides on estuarine ammonium oxidizers. AB - The effects of seven thiophosphorus pesticides and their degradation products on estuarine ammonium oxidizers were examined. Using an axenic, closed-culture, high cell density assay, the pesticides caused little inhibition of ammonium oxidation. However, the degradation product of methyl parathion, p-aminophenol, significantly inhibited ammonium oxidation levels as low as 0.01 mg/L. Estuarine sediments containing indigenous ammonium oxidizers were exposed to the pesticides over a 14-day period and activity of the ammonium oxidizers were inhibited after 14 days. Three pesticides were aged in estuarine sediments under aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerophilic conditions, and axenic cultures of ammonium oxidizers were exposed to the resulting metabolites. Ammonium oxidation was inhibited by 10% in the systems containing pesticides aged under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, whereas under microaerophilic conditions, 20% reduction in activity was observed. The data suggest that the parent compounds of the thiophosphorus pesticides have little effect on ammonium oxidation in estuarine sediments, but that certain metabolites which accumulate from the decomposition of these pesticides, especially in sediments under low O2 levels, may significantly reduce ammonium oxidation. PMID- 7214221 TI - The comparison of rhapidosomes and defective bacteriophage particles from Aquaspirillum intersonii. AB - Aquaspirillum itersonii spontaneously produces rhapidosomes. These structures, which are found throughout the cell cycle, are compared with the defective bacteriophage particles that can be induced by mitomycin C treatment (0.5 microgram/mL). The rhapidosomes are composed of three proteins (MW 63 000, 23 500, and 15 000). The defective bacteriophage particles are composed of two proteins (MW 50 000 and 17 500). The defective bacteriophage particles do not react with anti-rhapidosomal protein antiserum. These results indicate that the rhapidosome are not polysheaths of the defective bacteriophage particles inducible in this organism as earlier proposed in the literature. It is concluded that the rhapidosomes of A. itersonii are an assembly of three proteins that are distributed in the cytosol after synthesis and are present at all times in the growth cycle. PMID- 7214223 TI - Ethylene production by ectomycorrhizal fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pini, and by aseptically synthesized ectomycorrhizae and Fusarium-infected Douglas-fir roots. AB - The ectomycorrhizal fungi Cenococcum geophilum, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, and Laccaria laccata produced ethylene in vitro in modified Melin-Norkrans liquid medium only if amended with 2.5-10mM methionine; Pisolithus tinctorius failed to produce ethylene unless the cultures were renewed with fresh methionine-amended medium before ethylene assay. An additional 19 ectomycorrhizal fungi, plus five isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pini, all produced ethylene in renewed and (or) nonrenewed media. Although the rates varied, ethylene production by many ectomycorrhizal fungi equaled that of Fusarium. Culture filtrates of H. crustuliniforme and L. laccata also evolved ethylene that was apparently of nonenzymatic origin. Ethylene was produced by aseptically grown Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated with C. geophilum, H. crustuliniforme, and L. laccata and appearance of ethylene coincided with the formation of mycorrhizae; production by P. tinctorius inoculated seedlings was inconsistent. Lateral root formation of Douglas-fir was stimulated by inoculation with C. geophilum, H. crustuliniforme, and L. laccata but was inhibited by P. tinctorius. Fusarium-inoculated seedlings produced more ethylene sooner than seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. The disparity in the levels of ethylene associated with ectomycorrhiza formation compared with Fusarium infection suggests a possible differential role for ethylene in symbiotic and pathogenic fungus-host interactions. PMID- 7214224 TI - Regulation of primary alkylsulfatase induction in Pseudomonas C12B: concentration dependent stimulation-inhibition by exogenous UTP and sodium acetate and inhibition by 1-hexanol. AB - Pseudomonas C12B, an isolate from detergent-enriched soil, synthesized primary alkylsulfatase in response to sodium hexan-1-yl sulfate as the inducer. The induction of this enzyme was inhibited by exogenous 1 mM UTP but not by ATP or other nucleoside triphosphates. The uridine nucleotide was about 10-fold more effective than other uracil-related effectors and the ability of the nucleotide (0.1-1.0 mM) to inhibit induction was dependent upon the presence of added Mg2+. At concentrations less than 0.1 mM, UTP stimulated induction and the extent of this effect was also Mg2+ dependent. Marked stimulation of induction also occurred in response to low (less than or equal to 2.5 mM) concentrations of acetate, citrate, and succinate. However, only acetate inhibited induction (by 64%) at higher (20 mM) concentrations. 1-Hexanol was a more effective inhibitor. An 80% reduction in activity was recorded after exposure of cells to 5 mM 1 hexanol. At this concentration, 2-hexanol was without effect and 3-hexanol inhibited induction by 35%. Simultaneous exposure of the cells to 2,4 dinitrophenol failed to reverse hexanol- or acetate-mediated inhibition. It is suggested that 1-hexanol per se regulates alkylsylfatase induction and immediate product inhibition was proposed as a term to describe this type of inhibition. PMID- 7214225 TI - DNA homology among diverse spiroplasma strains representing several serological groups. AB - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homology among 10 strains of spiroplasma associated with plants and insects was assessed by analysis of DNA-DNA hybrids with single strand specific S1 nuclease. Based on DNA homology, the spiroplasmas could be divided into three genetically distinct groups (designated I, II, and III), corresponding to three separate serogroups described previously. DNA sequence homology between the three groups was less than or equal to 5%. Based on DNA homology, group I could be divided into three subgroups (A, B, and C) that corresponded to three serological subgroups of serogroup I. Subgroup A contained Spiroplasma citri strains Maroc R8A2 and C 189; subgroup B contained strains AS 576 from honey bee and G 1 from flowers; subgroup C contained corn stunt spiroplasma strains I-747 and PU 8-17. There was 27-54% DNA sequence homology among these three subgroups. Group II contained strains 23-6 and 27-31 isolated from flowers of tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.). Group III contained strains SR 3 and SR 9, other isolates from flowers of tulip tree. Based on thermal denaturation, guanine plus cytosine contents of DNA from five type strains representing all groups and subgroups were estimated to be close to 26 mol% for group I strains, close to 25 mol% for group II strains, and close to 29 mol% for group III strains. The genome molecular weights of these five type strains were all estimated to bae about 10(9). PMID- 7214226 TI - The complete neuraminidase of influenza A/PR8/34 (H0N1) is not detectable in its recombinant virus. AB - The neuraminidase located on the influenza virus recombinant A/Eq (Heq1) x A/PR8 (N1) was relatively a poor antigen (NI titre less than 10) as compared with the enzyme present on the parent virus A/PR8/34 (H0N1) (NI titre 160). This difference in the antigenic behavior of the neuraminidase of A/PR8/34 (H0N1) virus was explored. Results obtained showed that rabbit anti-A/PR8/34 (H0N1) serum contained two distinct types of antineuraminidase antibody and only one type of antineuraminidase antibody was precipitable by the neuraminidase located on the recombinant virus. Evidence suggests that the parent enzyme(s) is not detectable in its entirety on its recombinant virus. PMID- 7214227 TI - A putative baculovirus in the ichneumonid parasitoid, Mesoleius tenthredinis. AB - A virus was found in the ovarial calyx tissue of Mesoleius tenthredinis, an ichneumonid parasitoid; the "infection" was present in all females thus far examined. Virions were morphologically similar to typical baculoviruses. Apparent uncoating of viral nucleocapsids at nuclear pores was observed, indicating the reinfection of the calyx epithelium may occur. Electron microscopy of DNA extracted from calyx tissue suggests that the viral genome may be circular, and of high molecular weight. PMID- 7214228 TI - Polydisperse viral DNA's in ichneumonid ovaries: a survey. AB - Viruses are described from several genera of ichneumonid parasitoids. New morphologic categories have been observed, one of which is similar to typical baculoviruses. Calyx particles from several species were found to contain polydisperse DNA's. An electrophoretic method for screening individual field collected wasps for the presence of such DNA's is reported. DNA profiles obtained by this procedure were sufficiently consistent, within any particular affected species, to suggest that they could provide useful taxonomic information. PMID- 7214229 TI - Influence of methylheptenone and related phytoplankton norcarotenoids on heterotrophic aquatic bacteria. AB - Certain norcarotenoids, which have recently been found as excretion products of freshwater cyanobacteria and algae, are potent inhibitors of different metabolic functions in heterotrophic bacteria. 6-Methylhept-5-en-2-one showed the strongest effects and acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor of both glucose uptake and respiration by aquatic isolates of Chromobacterium lividum and Arthrobacter sp. Inhibition of the heterotrophic potential of glucose uptake by 6-methylhept-5-en 2-one was characterized by considerably lower inhibitor constants for bacterial cultures (Ki = 0.4 and 1.6 microM) than for a river water sample (Ki = 186.0 microM). PMID- 7214230 TI - Inhibition of Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans, the causal agent of pine pitch canker, by the soil bacterium Arthrobacter sp. AB - A species of Arthrobacter was recovered during culture of the causal organism of pitch canker of southern pines. Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans (FMS). Arthrobacter is a relatively common soil bacterium and is lytic to several fungal pathogens in the soil. Soil samples from two seed orchards with pitch canker and one from a healthy pine plantation all yielded Arthrobacter. These isolates were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of FMS isolates from pitch canker tissue and from soil in areas with high pitch canker disease incidence, and to several other species of Fusarium isolated from the same soil samples where Arthrobacter was recovered. Generally the pitch canker isolates were more sensitive to Arthrobacter than the soil fusaria. There was variation in the ability of the Arthrobacter isolates to inhibit the growth of the fusaria recovered from the soil at the three different test sites. Light and scanning electron microscope observations revealed that hyphae of FMS growing near an isolate of Arthrobacter were enlarged, producing many vesicularlike structures. The surface of these hyphae was warped and wrinkled in comparison with normal hyphae. PMID- 7214231 TI - Light and electron microscopic studies of nodule structure of alfalfa. AB - Light and electron microscopy was used to establish the structural organisation of the developing nodule of alfalfa. In these nodules three distinct regions were noted: (1) the base region, site of original infection where the nodule is attached to the root and now composed of degenerating nodule tissue, (2) the central region, or active region composed of nodule cells containing tightly packed bacteroids surrounding a central vacuole, and (3) the meristematic region, a site of new growth, behind which newly formed cells are continually invaded. The ongoing infection process accompanying continued nodule development provided the opportunity to study the release of Rhizobium cells from the infection threads. In the nodules of alfalfa it would appear that the Rhizobium cells are released from infection thread into the nodule tissue in two different ways: (i) release with infection thread membrane and (ii) release in thin-walled vesicular structures. Thus it is concluded that Rhizobium cells are surrounded by the infection thread membrane when they are released from the infection thread into nodule tissue. PMID- 7214232 TI - Some properties of a defective bacteriophage of Bacillus brevis. AB - Bacillus brevis strains contains defective prophage. In strain ATCC 10068 this prophage is responsible for the production of particles resembling phage tails and the induction of events leading to cell lysis. There is a slow rate of spontaneous production of particles, which is greatly increased by treating growing cells with mitomycin C, ultraviolet light, N-methyl-N-nitroso-N' nitroguanidine, and acridine orange or by changing the growth medium. There is no conversion of host DNA to a unique, phage-size DNA entity associated with induction. It was not possible to detect strains that did not produce particles on treatment with mitomycin C. The particles themselves had no recognised biological activity. The molecular weight of the major sheath protein was 49 000 and at least four other protein components were detected in partially purified preparations. DNA and RNA were not associated with the particles but a small amount of carbohydrate was detected. PMID- 7214234 TI - A single medium for the isolation of acetylene-reducing (dinitrogen-fixing) bacteria from soils. AB - A single medium, containing standard basal salts and three common carbon sources (sucrose, mannitol, and sodium lactate) is proposed to replace nitrogen-free media in common use for isolating dinitrogen-fixing bacteria. Eight commonly isolated genera of dinitrogen-fixing bacterial exhibited growth on this combined carbon medium that equalled or bettered growth on other carbon-containing media. Combined carbon medium also yielded the highest counts of putative dinitrogen fixing bacteria from three southern Alberta soils. A survey of the bacteria isolated aerobically from the Burdett soil on combined carbon agar indicated that, at higher dilutions, 75% of the isolates exhibited acetylene reduction. These bacteria were identified as Azospirillum spp., Bacillus polymyxa, B. macerans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Erwinia herbicola, and Enterobacter cloacae. The inclusion of yeast extract in combined carbon medium is considered essential to supply organic growth factors and may supply "starter" nitrogen that promotes growth without inhibiting acetylene reduction. PMID- 7214233 TI - Structural polypeptides of cholera bacteriophage phi 2. AB - The structural polypeptides of the cholera bacteriophage phi 2 have been analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Eight different polypeptides were identified. The apparent molecular weights of the polypeptides were 143 000, 96 500, 68 000, 53 000, 37 500, 29 500, 21 000, and 13 500, respectively. The percentage of total protein corresponding to each polypeptide was estimated. PMID- 7214235 TI - Physiological and ultrastructural characterization of a new acidophilic Thiobacillus species (T. kabobis). AB - A new autotrophic acidophilic Thiobacillus sp. was isolated from acidic soil adjacent to a natural gas processing plant's sulfur stockpile. This isolate metabolized S2O3(2-) to S4O6(2-) during growth and could not reoxidize this product; instead, the remaining S2O3(2-) substrate was oxidized to SO4(2-) in the stationary phase which represented a significant metabolic change as compared with other acidophilic thiobacilli. In contrast the isolate oxidized S0 to H2SO4 during the log-phase growth with no S4O6(2-) being formed. Ultrastructural studies revealed that the isolate's cytoplasm contained unidentified membrane bound granules, volutin type bodies, and carboxysomes. Cleavage planes within the cell wall revealed a pattern of highly ordered subunits in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane and these ordered subunits were also discerned through the eutectic at the cell surface. This regular structure was not observed at the surface of cells of other acidophilic thiobacilli. The isolate bears a single pilus and one unusually long polar flagellum. The physiological and ultrastructural data are discussed in relation to other known thiobacilli and show this isolate to be a new Thiobacillus sp. named T. kabobis. PMID- 7214236 TI - Ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces uvarum on aflatoxin contaminated and ammonia-detoxified corn. AB - Zymomonas mobilis demonstrated greater fermentative activity than Saccharomyces uvarum during the 1st day in the fermentation of two lots of aflatoxin contaminated corn and two corresponding lots of ammonia-detoxified corn. Final ethanol yields and conversion efficiencies were generally highest in Zymomonas fermentations of ammonia-detoxified corn. Aflatoxin levels in postfermentation solids from ammonia-detoxified corn all ranged below the Food and Drug Administration feedstuff guideline of < 20 parts per billion, whereas the amount of aflatoxin in postfermentation solids from aflatoxin-contaminated corn was greater than in the initial corn. PMID- 7214237 TI - Hybridization studies within the genus Schizosaccharomyces Lindner. AB - Hybridization studies based on the prototrophic selection technique, involving the use of auxotrophic mutants of strains of five accepted species of the genus Schizosaccharomyces, are reported. Intrastrain recombinants were recovered in five out of six tested parental pairs. Interstrain recombinants were recovered from crosses involving strains of S. japonicus and strains of S. pombe. No recombinants were recovered in 62 interspecific crosses involving all possible combinations of the six representatives of the genus. PMID- 7214238 TI - Methanogenesis in freshwater sediments: inherent variability and effects of environmental contaminants. AB - Temporal and spatial variability of methanogenesis and the effects of environmental contamination on methanogenesis were examined in freshwater sediments. Temporal and spatial variation was found to be significant in uncontaminated freshwater reservoir sediments. The relative concentration of organic matter and temperature explained approximately 43% of the total variability. Known environmental contaminants marginally inhibited methanogenesis and only a coal conversion effluent and phenanthrene, 100 mg L-1, demonstrated statistically significant inhibition of methanogenesis under acute dosing conditions. Methyl viologen, a potent inhibitor of pure culture methanogenesis, inhibited sediment methanogenesis at high concentrations, i.e., 2570 mg L-1, indicating that the sediment environment protected the methanogenic population from the toxic effects of the environmental contaminants. PMID- 7214239 TI - Growth inhibition activity and bacteriophage and bacteriocinlike particles associated with different species of Clostridium. AB - Thirty-four strains corresponding to 16 species of Clostridium were examined for growth inhibition activity and production of phage and bacteriocinlike particles. Twenty-five strains were found to inhibit growth of one or more of the other strains. The widest range of activity corresponded to C. bifermentans 18137 which inhibited growth of 23 strains. Cell-free filtrates of positive cultures were inactive with the exception of the one from C. bifermentans 18137. A wide variety of particles with diverse morphology was observed in lysates of cultures treated with mitomycin C (1 microgram/mL). PMID- 7214240 TI - Helical, motile mycoplasmas associated with flowers and honey bees in California. AB - Spiroplasmas were cultured from nonsurface-sterilized flowers of magnolia tree (Magnolia grandiflora L.) and tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipfera L.) in Alameda, Solano, and Yolo counties in California. Spiroplasmas were also isolated from honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) collected in the vicinity of Davis and Berkeley, CA. Most of the isolates grew relatively slowly at 31 or 37 degrees C reaching maximum population at 31 degrees C in 8-10 days. The flower isolates were serologically indistinguishable by deformation and growth inhibition tests of spiroplasma strain AS-576 from honey bee from Maryland. Isolates from honey bees were serologically closely related to spiroplasma strain SE-3 from tulip tree flower from Connecticut. PMID- 7214241 TI - Adsorption of actinophage Pal 6 to developing mycelium of Streptomyces albus. AB - The adsorption of actinophage Pal 6 to mycelium of different ages was studied. The rate of phage adsorption to germinating spores increased with age, being maximal at about 4 h after start of germination. The number of plaque forming units (PFU) attached to mycelium had apparently decreased later, while the phage titer in the medium supernatant was also drastically reduced. These contradictory findings were explained by the increase in the adsorption capacity of the mature mycelium due to the formation of clumps, made of network structure which adsorbed many phages, but were counted as only 1 PFU each. The growth curve of the phage in fully developed mycelium and in germinating spores were compared. PMID- 7214242 TI - Seizures following intracranial surgery: incidence in the first post-operative week. AB - Consecutive craniotomies (118) drawn from major hospitals, and performed for disorders other than epilepsy or acute trauma were reviewed. The final diagnosis included tumor (70), subdural hematoma (13), aneurysm (10), arteriovenous malformation (7), and miscellaneous lesions (18). Eighty-seven (73.7%) patients had not experienced seizures prior to neurosurgery, 11 of these (12.6%) had a seizure within the first week, in six the attack occurred within 24 hours, and of these three had further attacks. In contrast, of the 31 patients (26.3%) that had one or more seizures prior to operation, 11 patients (35.5%) had seizures within the first week. In ten patients seizures occurred within the first 24 hours and of these seven had one or more recurrences later in the week. Anticonvulsant drugs were administered to 72 patients before operation, including all those with a history of seizures, but loading doses were not utilized to ensure therapeutic levels. In patients with predisposing factors to postoperative seizures, anticonvulsant drugs should be administered before or immediately following craniotomy in adequate dosage to rapidly achieve and maintain effective plasma levels. Phenytoin, owing to its minimal sedative effects is the drug of choice. A loading dose of 18 milligrams per kilogram can be safely administered as an admixture to an intravenous infusion of 0.9% saline with careful monitoring of cardiopulmonary function. PMID- 7214244 TI - Auditory evoked responses and computerized tomography in central pontine myelinolysis. AB - We present the first case of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) confirmed by high resolution computerized tomography (CT) in which auditory brainstem responses (ABR) revealed impaired conduction beyond the mid pons. The combined use of CT and ABR in the diagnosis of central pontine myelinolysis is discussed. PMID- 7214243 TI - Anesthetic barbiturates in refractory status epilepticus. AB - Two patients with previous cerebral damage and seizures and three patients with acute inflammatory cerebral lesions developed status epilepticus. They were unresponsive to standard anticonvulsants, but anesthetic barbiturates (thiopental and pentobarbital) stopped the seizures promptly. PMID- 7214245 TI - Aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery presenting as intraventricular hemorrhage in a child: report of a case with survival. PMID- 7214246 TI - Bilateral symmetrical brain lesions in tricyclic antidepressant overdosage. AB - The cerebral pathology in a case of tricyclic antidepressant overdose by amitriptyline is described. A review of the literature of similar cases is summarized. The relation of the cerebral lesions to the development of a hypertensive episode possibly induced by amitriptyline is discussed. PMID- 7214247 TI - Confusion, dysphasia, and asterixis following metrizamide myelography. AB - A patient exhibited confusion, dysphasia, and striking asterixis 18 hours after metrizamide myelography. The symptoms lasted for a day and a half. While metrizamide is a useful contrast medium, side effects are not unusual and can, on occasion, be quite severe. PMID- 7214248 TI - Dysplastic vertebral artery with paradoxical infarction. AB - A rare abnormality of the vertebral artery is described in a 63-year-old male. The right vertebral artery consisted of several minute endothelial lined channels which failed to perfuse at autopsy. The anterior spinal artery showed areas of muscular media dysplasia. These anomalies were associated with large posterior communicating arteries. The terminal event was precipitated by thrombotic occlusion of the left vertebral artery. The embryological aspect of these anomalies are discussed. PMID- 7214249 TI - Field testing of an ataxia scoring and staging system. AB - The authors present a simple system for disability scoring and functional staging of an ataxic patient, based on modifications of a previous scheme advocated by De Falco and collaborators (1979). This system was tested under field conditions in 47 ataxic subjects and found to be useful and functional. PMID- 7214250 TI - Study of a family with progressive ataxia, tremor and severe distal amyotrophy. AB - We have studied a large family of which seven members suffer from a progressive disease with onset in the first decade. The first symptoms were gait ataxia and clumsiness in all cases, followed by progressive development of severe distal amyotrophy reminiscent of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. In four patients a postural tremor which was relieved by pharmacological agents was also evident in the limbs or head. Cerebellar atrophy was confirmed on CT scan. Motor nerve conduction velocities were in the low normal range, while sensory nerve conduction was markedly decreased. All patients had impaired proprioception and vibration sense. The laboratory investigation revealed a normal CSF protein level and elevated serum bilirubin. The patients reported in this study apparently suffer from an original recessive form of spinal and olivocerebellar degeneration associated with a neuronal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. PMID- 7214251 TI - Friedreich's ataxia in northern Italy: I. Clinical, neurophysiological and in vivo biochemical studies. AB - Eighteen patients with the presumptive diagnosis of Friedreich's ataxia were studied. Clinical, neurophysiological and biochemical data were concordant in 14 patients and led to the diagnosis of typical Friedreich's ataxia in this group of patients. The remaining 4 patients differed from the typical patients in several respects, but mainly in the cardiological findings. It is concluded that no single clinical or laboratory finding is typical of F.A. Multidisciplinary approaches are essential to the diagnosis of Friedreich's ataxia. PMID- 7214252 TI - A preliminary study of dynamic muscle function in hereditary ataxia. AB - Dynamic muscle function was evaluated in nine patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA) and eight with autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS). The measurement of torque throughout maximum voluntary isokinetic knee movements was used to quantitatively describe muscle weakness in the ataxic patients. Both FA and ARSACS patients were shown to have decreased dynamic strength in comparison to normal values during knee extension and flexion movements at 30 degrees/s. In the FA patients a lower torque-producing capacity was seen in the older patients. The electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded in lower extremity muscles during the movements. In the vastus lateralis (VL), deviations from the normal EMG activation pattern were described in both groups of patients. A reduced amplitude in the EMG activity in the medial hamstrings (MH) was seen in the majority of the patients. An index of coactivation was defined by comparing the EMG activity when a muscle lengthened (antagonistic) to the EMG activity when the same muscle shortened (agonistic) during the isokinetic contractions. In comparison to normal values increased coactivation indexes were present in the VL and MH in patients of both groups. The characteristics of dynamic muscle strength and the activation of agonistic and antagonistic muscles described in the present study will provide the basis of evaluation for the effects of therapy in these patients. PMID- 7214253 TI - Pathomechanics and management of scoliosis in Friedreich ataxia patients: preliminary report. AB - The preliminary results based on a one year study on the evolution and management of scoliosis are presented. Twenty-one patients were followed in the Neuro Muscular Disease Clinic at Ste-Justine Hospital where standardized spinal radiographs were taken periodically with the Scoliosis Chariot and the Throne. The short period of observation as well as the relatively small number of Friedreich ataxia patients followed requires that these results and the following remarks be interpreted with caution. Pathomechanics -- Between the age groups I (5 - 10 years) and II (10 - 15 years), a substantial increase in the Cobb values occurs. Associated with it, an increase was observed in the thoracic and thoracolumbar projected surface area indices. The relative rotation between the thoracic and lumbar segments was presumed to be the cause of the sudden increase in the Cobb measurements. For the non-ambulatory patients, a decrease in the lumbar lordosis towards a thoraco-lumbar kyphosis as well as a sudden increase in the sacral angle and a drop in the lumbo-sacral angle were associated with the seated posture assumed by the patient. Management -- Prevention of the progression of established curves was our main objective. Careful examination of the spine, depending on the age of the child, in our preliminary study, stimulated early orthopaedic treatment in any curve of 20 degrees or more. There was always concern for curves of 30 degrees or more. In the growing child, bracing was recommended. In the older child, the curve was usually stable after sixteen years of age. Surgery was usually attempted in curves over 40 degrees in the growing child. The same curve was usually stable after the growth period. For the non-ambulatory patients, the present study suggested the prescription of a molded seat with the following characteristics: i) a posterior lumbar support, ii) low thoracic lateral supports and iii) a slight inclination of the seating system. This was presumed to be beneficial in maintaining stability of the spine. Presently, an evaluation of such a device is under investigation. PMID- 7214254 TI - Friedreich's ataxia and oral glucose tolerance: II. The effect of ingested glucose on serum growth hormone in homozygotes, obligate heterozygotes and potential carriers of the Friedreich's ataxia gene. AB - Homozygotes, obligatory heterozygotes and potential carriers of the Friedreich's Ataxia gene were tested with an oral glucose tolerance in order to assess a. the prevalence of abnormalities in glucose handling, b. the secretory pattern of two "diabetogenic" hormones, growth hormones and prolactin and c. to evaluate the possibility for detection of an abnormal trend in these hormones to be used as a genetic marker. Despite the high prevalence of glucose abnormalities horizontally and vertically in these families, the basal output and responses of these metabolic hormones to a glucose challenge were appropriate and thus not characteristic of any of the above groups. PMID- 7214255 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobins in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - In a study of glycosylated hemoglobins in Friedreich's Ataxia patients and in family members, the level was found to be higher in insulin dependent diabetics than in healthy non-diabetic control subjects (p < 0.01), but was similar to non ataxic diabetic control subjects. Results for non-diabetic Friedreich's Ataxia patients and siblings were similar to those for non-diabetic control subjects while levels were slightly increased in the heterozygotes. It is concluded that in Friedreich's Ataxia patients and family members (apart from the insulin dependent diabetics), there was no hyperglycemia sufficient to be detected as an increase in glycosylated hemoglobins. PMID- 7214257 TI - Leucocyte glutamate dehydrogenase in various hereditary ataxias. AB - Leucocyte Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was measured in 44 patients with various forms of ataxia and 44 age and sex-matched normal controls. The only significant change found was a moderate decrease in activity in Friedreich's ataxia and a few patients with OPCA. This decreased activity is not primary to the disease but probably reflects a regulatory defect affecting mitochondrial membranes in these patients. PMID- 7214256 TI - Active pyruvate dehydrogenase in platelets from Friedreich's ataxia patients. AB - Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity was measured in platelets from 10 patients with Friedreich's ataxia, and 10 age-matched healthy control subjects. Both total PDH and active PDH activity were measured. There were no significant differences between the two groups. PMID- 7214258 TI - Protein kinase activity of human erythrocyte membranes in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - Proteins of human erythrocyte membranes of Friedrich's ataxia patients and controls were examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before and after reduction with beta-mercaptoethanol. No difference could be detected in the composition of their state of aggregation. The protein kinase activity of human erythrocyte membranes of eleven Friedreich's ataxia patients and six controls was determined. No difference in their protein kinase activity could be detected. These results are discussed with respect to an involvement of a generalized membrane defect in Friedreich's ataxia. PMID- 7214261 TI - Abortion: 3. Therapeutic abortion committees and third parties. PMID- 7214262 TI - Confusion between warfarin and propranolol leading to warfarin overdosage. PMID- 7214260 TI - Should psychiatric patients drink coffee? PMID- 7214259 TI - Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity and fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phospholipids in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - In a study of the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in Friedreich's ataxia, a lower percentage of linoleic acid in phosphatidylcholine was demonstrated. An enzyme involving the exchange of lipids between plasma and erythrocyte membrane, lecithin: cholesteryl acyltransferase (LCAT) was also studied. It was found that the LCAT activity had a trend towards low values. However, crossing-over studies indicated that when the LCAT enzyme of patients was exposed to its own substrate it gave low activity values but that the result reverted to normal when control substrate was used. PMID- 7214263 TI - Legionnaires' disease and arthritis. PMID- 7214265 TI - Detecting and preventing glaucoma. PMID- 7214264 TI - Liver failure in an infant. PMID- 7214266 TI - Management of the umbilicus with crystal violet solution. PMID- 7214267 TI - How to obtain emergency drugs. PMID- 7214268 TI - Fatigue, weakness, anemia and hypercalcemia in a 63-year-old woman. PMID- 7214269 TI - Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type II: a combined surgical and genetic approach to treatment. AB - A family with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type II living in southeastern Ontario is described. Twenty individuals are known to have had medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytoma or both, the diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia. type II is strongly suspected in five other individuals in the earlier generations. In this family the diseases seems to be transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene. A screening program set up for the family in 1977 has in 2 years identified four asymptomatic individuals (three with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and one with this carcinoma and a pheochromocytoma). The family background, clinical picture, treatment and some of the problems of the screening program are described. PMID- 7214270 TI - Urinary tract infections due to Staphylococcus saprophyticus biotype 3. AB - Staphylococcus saprophyticus biotype 3 (Micrococcus subgroup 3 or M3) has usually been shown to be the second commonset cause of urinary tract infections in European women who are not in hospital. It generally causes pyuria and symptoms as severe as those caused by Escherichia coli. Unlike S. epidermidis it is seldom found as a contaminant in midstream urine specimens, and almost exclusively infects women in their reproductive years. However, S. saprophyticus is seldom differentiated from S. epidermidis in Canadian clinical laboratories. Urinary isolates of S. saprophyticus were presumptively differentiated from other coagulase-negative Micrococcaceae by their resistance to novobiocin as demonstrated by a simple disc susceptibility test that misidentified the infecting organism in only 3.4% of specimens. These novobiocin-resistant, coagulase-negative organisms caused similar proportions of the urinary tract infections in young women in York, England and Vancouver -- 6.6% and 6.9% respectively. In York these organisms were associated with significantly greater pyuria than novobiocin-sensitive organisms or bile-tolerant streptococci but not S. aureus or Enterobacteriaceae. In both communities novobiocin-sensitive, coagulase-negative Micrococcaceae were appreciably more resistant to penicillin than novobiocin-resistant organisms. Thus, differentiating S. saprophyticus from novobiocin-sensitive, coagulase-negative organisms provides information that is clinically useful, particularly for primary care practitioners working in the community or in outpatient clinics. PMID- 7214271 TI - Reducing aluminum: an occupation possibly associated with bladder cancer. AB - A case-control study, undertaken to identify reasons for the exceptionally high incidence of bladder cancer among men in the Chicoutimi census division of the province of Quebec, revealed an increased risk associated with employment in the electrolysis department of an aluminum reduction plant. The estimated relative risk was 2.83 (95% confidence interval; 1.06 to 7.54). An interaction was found between such employment and cigarette smoking, resulting in a combined relative risk of 5.70 (95% confidence interval: 2.00 to 12.30). These findings suggest that employment in an aluminum reduction plant accounts for part of the excess of bladder cancer in the region studied. PMID- 7214272 TI - The extent of genetic disease in hospital populations. PMID- 7214273 TI - Marine vibrio infections acquired in Canada. PMID- 7214274 TI - Will offshore medical schools graduate quality physicians? PMID- 7214275 TI - Investing in the '70s: were there any winners? PMID- 7214276 TI - Insurance medicine: facing the facts with your patients. PMID- 7214277 TI - Protecting the privacy of medical records. PMID- 7214278 TI - Tanzania: medicine on a meagre budget. PMID- 7214280 TI - Accidents among children: the slaughter continues. PMID- 7214279 TI - Medicine and torture: the struggle for human rights. PMID- 7214282 TI - Inadequacy of current requirements for licensure in family medicine. PMID- 7214281 TI - Isolation of Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 6 in Canada. PMID- 7214283 TI - "Doctor, my feet hurt". PMID- 7214285 TI - Whooping cough: an answer? PMID- 7214284 TI - Sex education: the physician's role. PMID- 7214286 TI - How to read clinical journals: III. To learn the clinical course and prognosis of disease. PMID- 7214287 TI - Present views on the Canadian Home Fitness Test. AB - The Canadian Home Fitness Test was conceived for the mass testing of fitness levels and as a motivational tool in exercise programs. A double step (such as in a domestic staircase) is climbed at an age- and sex-specific rhythm set by a long playing record. Fitness is assessed from test duration and the radial or carotid pulse count immediately following exercise. To date, use of the procedure by almost 500,000 Canadians has given rise to no serious complications. The test inevitably has limited precision when taken at home, although most subjects can learn to count their pulse and to step in time with the music. The test has been well received and has achieved its prime objective of stimulating an interest in endurance activity. When supervised by a paramedical worker using an electrocardiograph to monitor the heart rate during exercise, the procedure yields as good an estimate of maximum oxygen intake as other submaximal tests. One current area of controversy is the interpretation of abnormal electrocardiograms. It is suggested that this problem could be resolved by the appropriate training and certification of interested family physicians and paramedical workers. PMID- 7214290 TI - The pharmaceutical industry -- will Canada become a major research centre? PMID- 7214288 TI - Meningitis in the central Arctic: a 4-year experience. AB - There were 37 cases of meningitis during a 4-year period among the native and white populations served by the Churchill Health Centre in northern Manitoba, an annual incidence of 128 per 100 000 in the overall population and of 202 per 100 000 among the Inuit. Bacterial meningitis predominated; Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae each accounted for one third of the cases. There were five deaths, and 14 of the survivors had severe sequelae. Therefore, although the doctors and nurses involved in the study had improved access to telecommunication and air transportation services in caring for patients in isolated northern settlements, and despite their efforts to be vigilant for possible cases of meningitis and to begin vigorous treatment early, the incidence, morbidity and mortality of this disease remained relatively high, particularly among the Inuit. PMID- 7214292 TI - The path of lease resistance. PMID- 7214291 TI - Sports medicine: specialized care for the athlete in everyone. PMID- 7214293 TI - Learning to cut health care costs. PMID- 7214289 TI - Cholestatic jaundice induced by flurazepam hydrochloride. PMID- 7214295 TI - A phase I-II study of maytansine utilizing a weekly schedule. AB - Maytansine, a new ansa macrolide antitumor antibiotic, was administered to a total of 107 patients in a Phase I-II study. Dose-limiting toxic reactions which occurred at 0.75-1.0 mg/M2 in both Phase I and II were neurologic and consisted primarily of lethargy/weakness (a debilitation syndrome) and paresthesias. Gastrointestinal and neurologic toxic reactions increased in frequency and severity as a function of dose. Myelosuppression, while infrequent, occurred only in previously treated patients. Changes in liver function tests were subclinical. Two partial remissions were observed at a dose-level of 0.5 mg/M2 in Phase I:1 patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung responded for five weeks, while the other patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung responded for four weeks. One partial remission, lasting 14 weeks was seen in Phase II in a patient with malignant melanoma treated at dose-level of 1.0 mg/M2. All responses were in heavily pretreated patients. pairs of small bowel biopsy specimen used to define the mitotic index demonstrated peak mitotic arrest at 24 hours in contrast to vinca alkaloids which appear to have a peak mitotic arrest at 12-24 hours. PMID- 7214296 TI - Active specific immunotherapy of stage IV renal carcinoma with aggregated tumor antigen adjuvant. AB - Active-specific immunotherapy of human malignancy with a vaccine consisting of admixtures of modified tumor antigens and an adjuvant such as tuberculin has not been fully explored, despite preliminary reports of clinical success and conceptual support from animal studies. Three years ago, we designed a prospective study using aggregated soluble tumor antigens admixed with tuberculin or phytohemagglutinin as an adjuvant (TAA) in order to treat patients with Stage IV renal carcinoma. Autologous tumor vaccines were used initially in 24 patients with operatively accessible tumor, although most patients eventually were switched to allogeneic preparations. Scarifications with Bacillus-Calmette Guerin were used in order to ensure maximum reactivity to tuberculin and patients received no other therapy while in the study. Two patients achieved complete remission and 2, partial remission. The overall survival rate for the 30 patients entered is equivalent to reported survival rates for patients with extensive disease treated with aggressive surgery with or without chemotherapy. We believe these results offer strong preliminary evidence of efficacy of this particular type of therapy in an advanced human malignancy. PMID- 7214294 TI - Identification of breast cancer patients with high risk of early recurrence after radical mastectomy: III. Steroid hormones measured in urine. AB - The relationship of the levels of selected urinary steroid metabolites to breast cancer recurrence after radical mastectomy was studied. An analysis of variance of the steroid measurements suggested that the measurements standardized to per gram of creatinine were the appropriate measure to use in exploring these relationships. No significant associations were found for premenopausal patients; however, for postmenopausal patients, low levels of total 17-ketosteroids were associated with a reduced two-year recurrence-free rate whereas low and high levels of OHA and high levels of total estrogens were associated a relatively low high two-year recurrence-free rate. Because of the large number of significance tests performed and the lack of consistent patterns, it is questionable whether the observed associations are of any importance. Including these steroid quantities in a multivariate regression model along with previously determined clinical prognostic factors indicated that the steroid determinations were the least important variables and did not make a significant contribution to the fit of the model. PMID- 7214297 TI - Effect of BCG on monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in stage I melanoma. AB - The functional activity of monocytes in human disease and the role of this particular cell type in host defense is a matter of current interest. Among several assays for monocyte function, an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity microassay is regarded as a convenient test system in which monocytes of a Ficoll Hypaque-separated mononuclear cell fraction act as effector cells and consequently lyse 51Cr-labeled, antibody-coated human erythrocytes. This assay was applied to a total of 35 individuals: 20 patients with Stage I melanoma and 15 healthy control subjects. All melanoma cases were treated by means of excision of the primary lesions and subsequent regional lymphadenectomy. Ten patients were selected at random and received additional adjuvant BCG immunotherapy for periods of 9.4 +/- 1.7 months. The mean percentage of 51Cr released in melanoma patients not receiving BCG was significantly lower (P less than 0.01%) than that in healthy control subjects. Monocyte numbers, as evaluated by means of nonspecific esterase staining, were not statistically significantly different. PMID- 7214298 TI - Erythrophagocytosis by undifferentiated lung carcinoma cells. AB - A case is reported of undifferentiated metastatic lung carcinoma in which both a supraclavicular lymph node and bone marrow were infiltrated by anaplastic tumor cells which had engulfed erythrocytes and nucleated elements. The possibility of a histiocytic origin for the phagocytizing neoplastic cells was excluded by ultrastructural, cytochemical, and immunoperoxidase studies. This investigation shows that epithelial tumor cells may, at times develop phagocytizing activity, a phenomenon observed in certain experimentally induced tumors. The mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is not clear. PMID- 7214299 TI - Urothelial susceptibility to tumor cell implantation: influence of cauterization. AB - In an effort to determine whether transitional tumor cells will preferentially implant on the cauterized urothelial surface, a reproducible technique for cauterization of a portion of the murine bladder was established. This technique simulated a transurethral fulguration of a bladder tumor in humans. Transplantable tumor cells (1 X 10(6)) were placed transurethrally into the bladder of 50 mice. Twenty-five of these mice each had a portion of their bladder cauterized prior to insertion of tumor cells. Implantation with subsequent tumors occurred in 54% of mice with cauterization, in contrast to 12% of mice with an intact urothelial surface (P less than 0.005). Intravesical thio-tepa, mitomycin C, and cis-platinum were capable of significantly reducing the incidence of implantation. These results suggest that seeding may be a contributing factor to the high recurrence rate following endoscopic resection or fulguration of bladder tumors and that intravesical chemotherapy initiated shortly after surgery may reduce the incidence of implantation. PMID- 7214300 TI - Evaluation of fluorescence polarization of human blood lymphocytes (SCM test) in the diagnosis of cancer. AB - Fluorescence polarization was performed on 82 individuals: 32 patients with malignant diseases, 30 apparently healthy individuals, and 20 patients with nonmalignant diseases. The blood lymphocytes from these cases were isolated and challenged with cancer basic protein (CaBP). Stimulation occurred in the majority of the cases of malignant disease (27 of 32). The 30 apparently healthy individuals showed no response to CaBP. Of the 20 with nonmalignant diseases, 18 showed no stimulation by the antigen. PMID- 7214301 TI - Mediastinal seminomas. AB - A series of malignant seminomas of the mediastinum is presented and compared with previously reported series. The difficulty of conclusively excluding occult primary gonadal disease is noted. Primary mediastinal seminomas are associated with a better prognosis than teratomas of this site, mainly because of their radiosensitivity. A case report of a patient with mediastinal seminoma and two congenital abnormalities (ventricular septal defect and congenital absence of a thoracic hemivertebra) is presented and its relationship to the possible origin of these tumors discussed. PMID- 7214302 TI - Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas: a clinicopathologic study and report of three cases. AB - Among 27 surgically resected carcinomas of the pancreas, 3 cases were diagnosed histologically as adenosquamous carcinoma (11.1%). This is the highest rate among the medical literature we reviewed. Since a very small focus of squamous cell carcinoma was detected through close observation in 1 case, it would seem that this sort of pancreatic tumor could be more common than is ordinarily expected. From the histologic studies of these 3 cases, it seems likely that the preexisting adenocarcinoma partially underwent malignant transformation into a malignant squamous component. When the different modes of spread of these two histologic elements are compared, the adenocarcinomatous element seems to be more invasive and more likely to metastasize than does squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7214303 TI - Malignant tumors of nerve sheath origin. AB - A clinicopathologic study of malignant nerve sheath tumors diagnosed between 1962 and 1979 at the Massachusetts General Hospital was undertaken. During this 17 year period, 24 patients with such a neoplasm were seen while 607 patients were treated for schwannoma or neurofibroma. Criteria were developed for establishing the nerve sheath origin and malignancy of a given neoplasm which allowed a secure diagnosis of malignant nerve sheath tumor to be made in 11 of the 24 cases. In 7 of the remaining cases, the malignant tumors were of uncertain histogenesis and in 6 cases, a new diagnosis was made. The malignant tumors constituted 2% of all neoplasms of the nerve sheath origin diagnosed during this period. An attempt was made to grade these neoplasms, but clinical and histologic parameters were only approximately predictive of their behavior. The treatment and survival or the 11 patients with malignant nerve sheath tumors and the 7 with malignant neoplasms of uncertain histogenesis are detailed and compared. In the former group, 4 patients died within four and a half years and there were eight recurrences in 4 patients. In the latter group, 4 died within three and a half years and there were five recurrences in 3 patients. PMID- 7214305 TI - Prognostic factors in pathological stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease. AB - From July 1968 through December 1977, 171 previously untreated patients with pathological stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease were evaluated at Stanford University Medical Center. All patients underwent lymphography, staging laparotomy and splenectomy; 86 patients were treated with total lymphoid irradiation (mantle followed by inverted-Y) to 4400 rad. These patients received prophylactic irradiation to the preauricular region (3600 rad/4-5 wk.) if the high cervical lymph nodes were positive; the lung (1500 rad/4-5 wk.) if the ipsilateral pulmonary hilum was positive; and the liver (2200 rad/5-6 wk.) if the spleen was positive. Eighty-five patients were treated with total lymphoid irradiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy-either nitrogen mustard, vincristine and procarbazine (MOP) or procarbazine, L-phenylalanine mustard, and vinblastine (PAVe). Five-year survival rates were not significantly different in the two groups (86% vs. 89%, P = .4); however, the five-year freedom from relapse rate was significantly better in the combined modality group (66% vs. 86%, P = .0026). Because of the success of MOP in the treatment of patients who had relapses after treatment with irradiation alone, the five-year freedom from second relapse rates in the two groups were not significantly different (85% vs. 88%, P = .8). Analysis of a large number of possible prognostic factors failed to identify any subgroup of patients whose survival was significantly improved by the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, including patients with "anatomic substage III2" (P = .52), clinical stage III (P = .26), unfavorable histology (P = .78), age greater than 39 yr. (P = .44), males (P = .55), and S- (P = .92). The most important factors indicating a benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy on survival were greater than or equal to 5 sites of involvement, including those above and below the diaphragm (P = .15) and extensive splenic involvement (more than four nodules detected in the splenectomy specimen) (P = .15). Possible explanations for these observations, which differ from those of series reported at other institutions, are discussed. PMID- 7214304 TI - Characteristics of 108 thyroid cancers detected by screening in a population with a history of head and neck irradiation. AB - One hundred and eight cases of thyroid cancer have been discovered as a result of screening 1712 individuals from a well defined population known to be at high risk because of prior head or neck irradiation for benign conditions. Of these 198 cancers, 43 (39.8%) were palpable, 27 (25.0%) were detectable by means of thyroid scintigraphy alone, and 38 (35.2%), referred to as incidental carcinomas, were found when the patients were operated on for lesions which approved to be benign. The most striking feature of these cancers was the high frequency of multicentricity (55%) and bilaterality (36%). This high frequency was found in clinically apparent as well as incidental cancers, and could not be accounted for by the operative pathologic techniques of investigation. Of 42 subjects reevaluated at our institution after a mean time of 38 months, 2 had definite and 2 had probable recurrent or residual thyroid disease. The postoperative thyroglobulin levels in subjects with thyroid cancer were proportional to the amount of thyroid tissue remaining. Follow-up evaluation of the entire group did not disclose any differences in the behavior of these thyroid cancers compared to those not associated with radiation. PMID- 7214306 TI - The management of pineal area tumors: a recent reappraisal. AB - This study concerns our experience with 22 pineal area tumors from 1972 through 1977. Eleven identified tumors included: three gliomas, three pineoblastomas, two endodermal sinus tumors, one germinoma, one epidermoid, and one metastasis. Three others were presumptively germinomas. Twelve cases were treated by means of radiation and shunting if necessary. Eight patients had pineoblastomas and 2, endodermal sinus tumors. Death occurred in spite of radiologic evidence of radiation response. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology was positive in 2 of 7 cases involving potentially disseminating tumors and negative in 2 cases involving spinal metastases. We conclude that radiation response and CSF cytology are insufficient to determine optimum treatment. Direct operations, which were not associated with mortality or serious morbidity were most useful for providing a tissue diagnosis. PMID- 7214307 TI - Malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system: a case of primary spinal intramedullary involvement. AB - Primary involvement of the spinal cord in malignant lymphoma is rare. Clinical and pathologic features of a case of malignant lymphoma initially involving the spinal cord and subsequently one cerebral hemisphere are reported and the medical literature reviewed. If malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system is diagnosed by means of brain biopsy examination, radiotherapy of any coexisting intramedullary spinal cord lesion of undetermined cause should be considered. PMID- 7214308 TI - Primary leiomyosarcoma of bone: a study of five cases. AB - Five cases of leiomyosarcoma of bone are described. The patients, 3 men and 2 women, ranged in age from 24 to 74 years. Four of the five tumors were located in the distal half of the femur. Radiographically, all tumors presented as purely osteolytic lesions. Angiography, performed in 3 cases, revealed hypervascularity and the presence of irregular, tortuous vessels at the site of the lesion in 1, but not in 2 others. Histologically, the five tumors showed features characteristic of leiomyosarcomas. The most prominent features were blunt-ended, cigar-like, chromatin-rich nuclei in elongated acidophilic cells arranged in bundles which intersected each other at wide angles. The importance of trichrome stains, such as van Gieson stain, for th recognition of leiomyosarcomas is emphasized. Electron microscopic examination, performed in 3 cases, showed as the most prominent features spindle-shaped cells in parallel arrangement containing abundant myofilaments which elongated densities, pinocytotic vesicles, and basal lamina structures. PMID- 7214309 TI - Possible indication of breast cancer risk through discriminant functions. AB - In the Ferrara province of Italy, a screening programme for the detection of breast cancer was initiated in 1965; by 1976, 21,120 women had been examined. The biologic history of the women participating in the program is routinely collected at registration. Several biological variables can be extracted from the history. We used 15 biologic variables in order to construct discriminant functions between women affected by breast cancer and a group of control women. It was found that four variables suffice to separate the group of the women with breast cancer from the control group, although with some degree of uncertainty. The theory was advanced that the individual values of a discriminant function may be associated with the risk of healthy women for developing breast cancer. Data collected after the construction of the discriminant function hint at such an association. We have attempted to calculate a discriminant value for healthy women participating in screening programs, so that those having a discriminant value below a given threshold may be considered at higher risk than those above the threshold. The women in the high-risk group may then be submitted to an appropriate examination schedule. PMID- 7214310 TI - Studies in variation associated with the measurement of solid tumors. AB - The existing system for solid tumor evaluation is criticized and revised criteria are proposed. The foundation for this analysis is a tumor stimulation experiment to determine the distribution associated with measurement of solid tumors. This tumor simulation experiment was conducted among 26 oncologists in order to assess the errors associated with the measurement of solid tumors by means of palpation. Tumor size, shape, and texture were included as study factors. Tumor texture did not appear to affect measurement outcome. Overall, the statistical law governing tumor area measurement is best described as a log-normal distribution. Under this assumption, the sufficient statistic for the evaluation of tumor response or progression is simply the ratio of the tumor areas at each evaluation. The data generalize to permit the construction of statistical power curves for the probability of declaring response or progression, based upon the theoretic tumor/area ratios. Response and progression criteria are related in logarithmic proportion, i.e., a 50% decrease for response corresponds to a 100% increase for progression. The use of more sensitive progression criteria (a 25% increase in solid tumor area), in light of the nature of tumor measurement error, can lead to premature rejection of any therapy that stabilizes or reduces disease. Furthermore, the use of specified cutoffs for progression and response introduce a significant error into clinical evaluations of solid tumors. PMID- 7214311 TI - Familial occurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. AB - We report two kindreds from northern Norway with 7 and 4 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma in otherwise healthy, nonirradiated subjects. While histologic features were comparable the patient's age at the time of diagnosis was lower and lymph node metastases were more frequent in familial than in nonfamilial cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma from the same region. We conclude that genetic factors can predispose the patient for development of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The high local incidence may be due to interaction between susceptibility gene(s) and environmental factors. PMID- 7214312 TI - Neutral glycolipid composition in human cancer. AB - Neutral glycolipid composition of human gastric and colonic cancer was studied in comparison to healthy mucosa. The following compounds were identified: galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, trihexosylceramide, globoside, small amounts of neotetraosylceramide and fucoglycolipids. The latter comprised both 3 0- and 4-0-substituted residues of N-acetylglucosamine. In cancer tissue the contents of lactosylcermide and of fucoglycolipids were increased. Fatty acid compositions of neutral glycolipids derived from both cancer and control samples were similar. The most abundant fatty acids were palmitic and nervonic acids. PMID- 7214315 TI - Comparative study of three basic polypeptides from snake venoms in relation to their effects on the cell membrane of normal and tumor cells. AB - Basic polypeptides producing a variety of effects on animals and cells have been isolated from snake venoms. Many possess common structural features and also produce similar pharmacological effects. This has led to doubt as to the specificity of each polypeptide. Study of toxin gamma (cardiotoxin from Naja nigricollis), cytotoxin P6 (from naja naja, preferentially cytotoxic to certain cells) and neurotoxin alpha (Naja nigricollis) under identical conditions shows that they are separate entities though having some common structural properties. The amino acid composition shows certain resemblance between the nontoxic polypeptides, P6 and toxin gamma, as compared to the neurotoxin alpha. Their molecular weights are of the same order. Sulphydryl groups are absent in all but they possess a high proportion of disulphide linkages. The behavior of toxin gamma, cytotoxin P6 and neurotoxin alpha on Yoshida sarcoma cells and human erythrocytes demonstrate that whereas cytotoxin P6 was more active in lysing Yoshida sarcoma cells the order of activity was reversed in the human erythrocytes. Apparently these two cell systems respond differently to the action of the two polypeptides suggesting that they bind to different membrane receptors. The selectively displayed in changing the membrane permeability of different cells is probably dependent not ony on their basic charge but on the specificity of their protein structure. PMID- 7214313 TI - Reassociation of eukaryotic ribosomal subunits and polyamine concentration in Yoshida ascites hepatoma and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells during growth. AB - The activity on ribosome monomers of dissociation factor preparations obtained by high salt wash from ribosomes and from the post-ribosomal supernatant (cytosol) of Yoshida rat ascites hepatoma and Ehrlich mouse ascites carcinoma cells and from the liver of control and tumor-bearing animals has been determined at different periods of intraperitoneal tumor growth. The concentration of the polyamines spermine, spermidine and putrescine has also been measured under the same conditions. Results here reported show the presence of an association factor activity on subunit ribosomes at low Mg2+ concentrations in the post-ribosomal supernatant fractions of Yoshida ascites hepatoma and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells during tumor growth. An association factor activity also takes place in the ribosomal high salt wash extracts of Yoshida ascites cells at the terminal stages of tumor growth. Since an increase of spermidine to putrescine ratios occurs during tumor growth the changes in the rate of ribosome monomer dissociation into units here observed might be attributable, at least in part, to changes in polyamine concentrations under the conditions studied. PMID- 7214314 TI - Sequential expression of fucosyltransferase and N-acetylneuraminyltransferase activities in human leukemic cells arrested at different stages of maturation. AB - Fucosyl transferase (Fuc-T) and N-acetylneuraminyl-transferase (NeuAc-T) activities were determined in lysates of human neoplastic hematopoietic cells arrested at different stages of maturation. Leukemic non-T/non-B lymphoblasts and myeloblasts arrested at a very early stage of maturation displayed high Fuc-T and low NeuAc-T activities. T-lymphoblasts, further developed along the T-lymphocyte lineage, showed increased NeuAc-T activity. In contrast, lymphoid cells further developed along the B-lymphocyte lineage revealed low Fuc-T, and either low or high levels of NeuAc-T activity. These results suggest that during the process of cell maturation the expression of Fuc-T precedes that of NeuAc-T, and that in T lymphocytes the expression of NeuAc-T is concomitant with the emergence of the T cell receptor for sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 7214316 TI - EMT6 solid tumor growth, DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activity. AB - Serial DNA-polymerase-alpha and -beta enzyme level measurements were made during the growth of the EMT6 solid tumor. The determinations were correlated with DNA synthesis in the tumor as measured by 3H-TdR labeling. The DNA-alpha polymerase levels were initially found to be low during early exponential growth phase, but to rise midgrowth to peak and to remain elevated thereafter until an advanced growth stage was reached. DNA-beta polymerase did not change during this entire observation period. DNA synthesis as measured by 3H-TdR uptake was greatest early in tumor growth and fell in midexponential growth phase. This pattern indicates that these two processes are not tightly coupled in the process of localized tumor growth. PMID- 7214317 TI - Interactions between tumor-promoting agents and histones studied by circular dichroism. AB - As part of an attempt to uncover the molecular basis of tumor promotion, the effects of the tumor promoters 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), sodium dodecyl sulfate, cholic acid and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (Tween 60) on conformations of histones in 0.14 M NaF, pH 7.8, were studied by the circular dichroism technique. A common property of the promoters was their ability to increase the asymmetric environment of the aromatic side chains of "inner histones" H2B and H4 and a H2A - H4 mixture. TPA was effective at TPA/histone molar ratios as low as 0.03. The order of activity of TPA and Tween 60 resembled their activity in tumor promotion, i.e., TPA much greater than Tween 60. TPA and Tween 60 had no effects on the tertiary structure of "outer histone" H1. PMID- 7214319 TI - Bovine bladder mucosa microsomal cytochrome P-450 and 4-aminobiphenyl N hydroxylase activity. PMID- 7214318 TI - Reduction of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and adriamycin cytotoxicity following cell cycle arrest by anguidine. AB - The protein synthesis inhibitor anguidine induced a frozen cell cycle state in exponentially growing Chinese hamster ovary cells, as demonstrated by serial DNA flow cytometric measurements in the absence and presence of Colcemid as a stathmokinetic agent. The minimally effective concentration of anguidine for induction of cell cycle arrest was 0.1 microgram/ml. As demonstrated by tritiated thymidine labeling index and DNA flow cytometric investigations in the presence of Colcemid, a 4-hr exposure of Chinese hamster ovary cells to greater than or equal to 4 micrograms of anguidine per ml effected a greater than or equal to 12 hr cycle perturbation at no cytotoxic expense. Preincubation of exponentially growing Chinese hamster ovary cells for 4 hr with 5 micrograms of anguidine per ml reduced the cytotoxicity from Adriamycin (1 hr; 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml) and from 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine treatment (18 hr; 5 to 50 micrograms/ml) by 10- to 100-fold. Further investigation of the concentration dependence and time course of this protective effect of anguidine revealed a plateau at 1 microgram of anguidine per ml and lack of protection in case of anguidine exposure subsequent to Adriamycin and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine treatment. Prolongation of the treatment-free interval between initial anguidine exposure and 1-hr Adriamycin treatment demonstrated partial recovery of DNA synthesis associated with some loss in cytoprotection. Our results indicate that the largely indiscriminate interference with cycle progression by anguidine under noncytotoxic conditions affords significant protection against 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine and Adriamycin-related cytotoxicity, the degree of which appears to be related to the extent of reduction in cycle traverse rate. Thus, anguidine may serve as a useful probe to study in detail drug-induced lethal injury as a function of cycle traverse rate. PMID- 7214320 TI - Lymphatic absorption and tissue disposition of liposome-entrapped [14C]adriamycin following intraperitoneal administration to rats. AB - The lymphatic absorption and tissue distribution of free [14C]Adriamycin, "empty" [3H]liposomes, free [14C]Adriamycin plus empty [3H]liposomes, and [14C]Adriamycin entrapped into [3H]liposomes have been examined at intervals after i.p. injection into rats. Following treatment with empty [3H]liposomes, almost 30% of the liposomal lipid marker was recovered in 24-hr thoracic duct lymph, but when [14C]Adriamycin was added to or encapsulated in liposomes, this value was reduced to 10%. Conversely, only 1% of free [14C]Adriamycin was recovered in 24-hr lymph, but liposomal encapsulation produced a six-fold increase in this value. Studies on the tissue distribution of the liposomal lipid marker after dosing with empty liposomes revealed uptake by diaphragm, liver and spleen, but the highest tissue concentrations were noted in lymph nodes. Liposomal encapsulation of Adriamycin altered its tissue disposition, chiefly by increasing the concentration of drug equivalents in diaphragm, liver and spleen. Although free Adriamycin was accumulated by lymph nodes to some extent, this lymph node accumulation was markedly enhanced by liposomal encapsulation and was present only in those nodes through which lymph draining the peritoneal cavity passes. This finding, together with the observation that diaphragm and thoracic duct lymph contain relatively high levels of liposomal lipid and Adriamycin equivalents, indicates that liposomes are selectively absorbed from the peritoneal cavity by lymphatics and are retained by certain lymph nodes. The results of this study suggest that i.p. administration of liposome-encapsulated drugs may provide a means of selectively concentrating anti-tumor agents in lymphatic channels and lymph nodes. PMID- 7214321 TI - Transport and binding of hematoporphyrin derivative and related porphyrins by murine leukemia L1210 cells. AB - A hematoporphyrin derivative (abbreviated in the literature as "HPD") has been used successfully for phototherapy of tumors in the clinic. The chemical nature of HPD, a complex mixture of porphyrins, is not fully understood. This study was designed to provide an explanation for the superior tumor-localizing ability of HPD. Chromatographic behavior, hydrophobicity, transport, binding, and photosensitizing capacity of different porphyrins were examined and compared. Biological studies were carried out using murine leukemia L1210 cells in vitro. The initial rate of porphyrin uptake was a function of drug hydrophobicity. The most hydrophobic components of HPD were therefore the most potent photosensitizers when irradiation followed a 10-min porphyrin-loading incubation. But these and other hydrophobic porphyrins were readily washed from cells by medium containing serum. Hydrophilic components of HPD were gradually accumulated by L1210 cells via a mode of binding not readily dissociated by washing and appear to be responsible for the preferential affinity of this product for neoplastic cells. A portion of the tightly bound porphyrin could not be dissociated by sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis but remained bound to a low-molecular weight membrane component. PMID- 7214322 TI - Enhancement of antitumor activity of glutamine antagonists 6-diazo-5-oxo-L norleucine and acivicin in cell culture by glutaminase-asparaginase. AB - Mouse P388 and L1210 leukemia cells grown in vitro were found to be 4 to 10 times more sensitive to 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine and 3 to 5 times more sensitive to Acivicin than were 3T3 and C57BL x DBA/2 F1 embryonic fibroblasts. The combined actions of succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase and 6-diazo-5-oxo L-norleucine or Acivicin produced synergistic inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis in P388 tumor cells. An uptake system for Acivicin is described. Its properties in P388 and 3T3 cells are similar in their strong temperature dependence, utilization of the "L" transport system, presumably competitive inhibition by glutamine, similar Km's (about 200 microM), and potent inhibition by p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate, NA+. However, Acivicin uptake was inhibited in 3T3 (but not in P388) cells by KCN or 2,4-dinitrophenol. At equilibrium in P388 cells, the intracellular level of Acivicin was approximately 57-fold greater than was the extracellular concentration. The accumulated Acivicin was not metabolized by P388 cells, nor does exchange of 3H label into water occur. Rapid efflux of Acivicin occurred with both cell lines at 37 degrees, but efflux from 3T3 cells was greatly diminished at 0 degrees. The rate of efflux was accelerated by including glutamine or unlabeled Acivicin in the extracellular medium. PMID- 7214323 TI - Tumor heterogeneity and stability of the metastatic phenotype of mouse KHT sarcoma cells. AB - Heterogeneity in metastatic ability has been demonstrated in model systems for in vitro-cloned cell lines for a number of different tumors. We have examined the clonal diversity of mouse KHT sarcoma cells cloned either in vitro or in vivo by determining their ability to form lung colonies following i.v. injection into syngeneic mice. A wide range of metastatic ability was found in both the in vitro and in vivo-isolated clones, suggesting that the diversity observed is not due to any selection occurring during in vitro growth. The stability of four in vitro isolated clones, two of high metastatic and two of low metastatic ability, was then studied over a period of 3 to 4 months of growth in vitro. The phenotype of the highly metastatic cells remained relatively stable, declining only slightly over time. The clones with low metastatic ability, however, demonstrated a significant increase in ability to form lung colonies over the first 30 days in culture before becoming stable at levels approximately 10-fold higher than their original values. Even after this increase, however, there remained a difference of about a factor of 10 in the metastatic ability of the high and low pairs of clones. It was found that the number of lung colonies formed by all four cell lines was significantly increased when plastic microspheres were injected with the cell suspension. The cells with low metastatic ability were affected to a greater degree by the microspheres, resulting in the elimination of the difference between the four clones after 30 days in culture. This result suggests that the use of microspheres may provide a means to distinguish different cellular properties which affect the ability of cells to form lung metastases. PMID- 7214324 TI - Cycle-dependent removal of certain methylated bases from DNA of 10T1/2 cells treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. AB - The loss of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced adducts from DNA was quantitated during the G1 and S phases of synchronously proliferating mouse 10T1/2 cells exposed to MNNG (2 microgram/ml) when they were in either confluence induced arrest of proliferation or at the G2-S border. When treated at either time, N-7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine were not excised from the template DNA during the subsequent S phase. However, both lesions were efficiently removed during the G1 phase immediately following exposure to MNNG, as well as during the second G2 phase after an S phase during which no loss occurrred. In contrast, N-3 methyladenine was lost rapidly during both the G1 and S phases following MNNG treatment. N-7 Methylguanine and O6-methylguanine were removed from logarithmically growing cell populations more slowly than from cells passing synchronously through the G1 phase. However, when the observed rate of loss in logarithmic cultures was corrected for the fraction of the logarithmic population located in the S phase, the rates of loss of the two methylated bases were the same as those observed in the G1 phase in synchronous cultures. PMID- 7214325 TI - Platelet and fibrinogen kinetics in canine tumors. AB - Fifty-three dogs with spontaneously occurring tumors were evaluated for abnormalities in the concentration and in vivo survival of platelets and fibrinogen. Thrombocytopenia occurred only in animals with extensive tumor involving spleen or marrow. Platelet survival was shortened in 6 of 15 (40%) dogs with localized tumor [mean 4.4 days +/- 0.3 (S.E.); normal 5.4 days +/- 0.1] and 30 of 35 (80%) dogs with metastatic tumor (mean 3.2 days +/- 0.2). Platelet survival progressively shortened during studies performed in dogs with ongoing disease. Fibrinogen concentration was increased (mean 420 +/- 30 mg/dl) in 44 of 53 (83%) of tumor-bearing dogs (normal 210 +/- 10 mg/dl). Neither history nor extent of disease, including presence of hepatic metastases, appeared to influence fibrinogen concentration significantly. Fibrinogen survival was below the normal range in 3 of 15 (20%) dogs with localized tumor and in 9 of 34 (26%) dogs with metastatic tumors. Thus, platelet consumption appeared to be the most significant hemostatic abnormality in tumor-bearing dogs. This model may be useful in evaluating the efficiency of antithrombotic therapy in preventing tumor related hemostatic abnormalities. PMID- 7214326 TI - Temporal comparisons of immune status and target organ histology in mice fed carcinogenic 5-nitrofurans and their nornitro analogs. PMID- 7214328 TI - Influence of dietary fatty acids on the incidence of mammary tumors in the C3H mouse. AB - Statistical techniques have been used to establish the extent to which the incidence of spontaneous mammary tumors in C3H mice could be associated with the levels of individual fatty acids in their diets. Eleven different fats and oils and nine mixtures of these fats and oils were selected so that the levels of the nine major fatty acids varied over a reasonable range and were not highly correlated with one another. Tumor incidence was observed in mice raised on diets containing 10% of these different fats. Multiple regressions have been calculated, expressing tumor incidence or time to tumor as a function of the levels of nine fatty acids, four saturated and five unsaturated, of the dietary lipids. Increased tumor incidence and decreased time to tumor were observed when increasing levels of linoleate (18:2) replaced the eight other fatty acids in the diet while the other polyunsaturated fatty acid, linolenate (18: 3), had little effect on tumor incidence. Four saturated fatty acids, laureate (12:0), myristate (14:0), palmitate (16:0), and stearate (18:0), were studied, with only the latter showing a significant effect. Increasing levels of stearate were associated with decreased tumor incidence and increased time to tumor. There was also a suggestion that erucic acid (22:1) reduced tumor incidence, but oleic acid (19:1) produced no significant effect. PMID- 7214327 TI - Effect of estrogen on metabolism and enzyme activities of mammary adenocarcinoma R3230AC in Fischer rats. AB - Metabolic characteristics and enzyme activities are reported for a variant line of R3230AC tumor, a long-established, transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma in the Fischer rat. Lipogenic enzyme activities from the variant tumor are generally lower than those reported for early generations of this tumor. In addition, the proportion of the medium-chain-length fatty acids in the lipids of this variant line is lower. In the variant tumor, estrogen treatment of host animals results in a reduction of fatty acid synthesis from both acetate and glucose. The response of the variant tumor to estrogen treatment is similar to that for the normal gland in a virgin rat in that lipogenic enzyme activities are lowered in both normal and neoplastic tissues. These enzymatic activities in early generations of tumor R3230AC were similar to those observed in mammary glands from lactating rather than virgin rats. Since the variant tumor still responds to estrogen treatment by a reduced growth rate, we have inferred that, although it undergoes the same structural differentiation observed in earlier generations, the variant tumor line no longer shows certain biochemical changes associated with the lactational state in the normal gland. PMID- 7214329 TI - DNA-damaging activity in vivo and bacterial mutagenicity of sixteen hydrazine derivatives as related quantitatively to their carcinogenicity. AB - Sixteen hydrazine derivatives (hydrazine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, 1,2 dimethylhydrazine, phenylhydrazine, procarbazine, isoniazid, isocarboxazid, nialamide, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, phenelzine, hydralazine, dihydralazine, carbamylhydrazine, mebanazine, iproniazid, and 1-carbamyl-2-phenylhydrazine) were tested for DNA-damaging activity by the alkaline elution technique and for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella-microsome (Ames) test. The first nine compounds listed (56%) were found to induce a significant DNA fragmentation in the liver and/or in the lung of i.p.-treated male Swiss mice. The DNA-damaging potency varied over an approximately 30-fold range. Thirteen of the first 14 compounds listed (81% of the total), isocarboxazid being inactive, were positive in the Ames test, with a broad range of activity towards the five bacterial strains of Salmonella typhimurium used (TA1535, TA100, TA1537. TA1538, and TA98) and of metabolic behavior in the presence of S-9 mix containing rat liver, mouse liver, or mouse lung postmitochondrial preparations from Aroclor-treated animals. The mutagenic potency varied over an almost 7000-fold range. For 11 of the 16 hydrazine derivatives tested, homogeneous carcinogenicity data (induction of pulmonary tumors in mice chronically treated p.o.) were available from literature. Elaboration of these data showed that carcinogenic potency varied over an approximately 1900-fold range. The five most potent carcinogens were all positive in the DNA damage test. Their carcinogenic potency varied over a 130 fold rage and their DNA-damaging potency varied over a 22-fold range. DNA damaging potency seemed to vary on a more compressed scale, but regression analysis indicated the existence of a strong positive correlation between in vivo DNA-damaging and carcinogenic potencies, while a lack of correlation was found between mutagenic and carcinogenic potencies. There was no correlation between DNA-damaging and mutagenic potencies. PMID- 7214330 TI - Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein in virus-induced Shope papillomas of rabbit skin. AB - Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (cRABP) was detected in the cytosol of virus-induced papilloma (Shope) of rabbit skin. The Shope papilloma cRABP showed the same ligand specificity and sedimentation value (2S) as was found in other animal species. The level of cRABP in the papillomatous tissue was significantly higher than that in the normal rabbit skin and increased in accordance with the growth and development of the tumor, reaching a peak about 40 days after the inoculation of the Shope papilloma virus. Although this binding capacity was about 15 times greater than in the normal skin, the level of cRABP in the transplantable carcinomas Vx2 and Vx7, both originating from the virus-induced papillomas over 20 years ago, was much the same as in normal rabbit skin. PMID- 7214332 TI - Quantitative analysis of the time-dependent development of glucose-6-phosphatase deficient foci in the livers of mice treated neonatally with diethylnitrosamine. AB - The development of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase-)-deficient hyperbasophilic foci was analyzed at 4-week intervals in the livers of CD-1 and C57BL/6J x C3H/HeJ F1 (hereafter called B6C3F1) mice given a single i.p. injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mumol/g body weight) within 24 hr after birth. Transections of G-6-Pase-deficient foci of hepatocytes were readily discernible in liver sections of DEN-treated mice of either sex at 8 weeks of age. The size and number of these foci per liver increased with time. The occurrence of G-6-Pase-deficient focus transections with diameters as large as 1 mm coincided with the gross appearance of 1-mm gray-white nodules in the livers of male B6C3F1 mice at 16 weeks of age and in females at 32 weeks of age. Transections of all grossly visible hepatic nodules from male and female mice were G-6-Pase deficient and hyperbasophilic; the great majority were diagnosed as mouse hepatomas type A. After a single neonatal dose of DEN, the number and rate of growth of the G-6-Pase-deficient foci and the incidence and rate of appearance of gross hepatomas were greater in the liver of male than in those of female mice. In contrast, the average numbers of G-6-Pase-deficient foci in the livers of male and androgenized female B6C3F1 mice at 36 weeks of age were approximately equal and about twice that observed for the livers of DEN-treated female controls. Quantitation of carcinogen-induced histochemically detectable foci and hepatomas as a function of time provides a useful tool for the analysis of initiation and promotion in the mouse liver. PMID- 7214331 TI - Effect of Griseofulvin on 5-aminolevulinate synthase and on ferrochelatase in mouse liver neoplastic nodules. AB - Treatment of mice with griseofulvin for 8 months induced hepatocellular nodules in the liver which persist after discontinuation of griseofulvin feeding. We investigated the porphyrogenic effect of griseofulvin on these nodules and surrounding nonneoplastic liver after renewed short-term exposure of tumor bearing mice to this agent. Griseofulvin treatment for 4 days led to marked elevation of the activity of 5-aminolevulinate synthase in peritumoral (3.8-fold) and control (6-fold) liver. The increase in enzyme activity was much less pronounced in the nodules (1.5-fold). Ferrochelatase activity was markedly decreased under the same experimental conditions in both peritumoral and control livers (to 18 and 13.5%, respectively, of the pretreatment values), but the effect was considerably smaller in nodules (to 40% of the pretreatment value). These results may explain the lack of porphyrin accumulation in tumor tissue. PMID- 7214333 TI - Induction of anchorage-independent growth in human fibroblasts by propane sultone. AB - We have demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of diploid human cells capable of anchorage-independent (AI) growth after treatment with the carcinogen propane sultone, followed by exponential growth to allow full expression of this phenotype (8 to 13 population doublings). Exposure to these same concentrations of propane sultone also resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant cells in the population. Procedures such as synchronization of cells and treatment just after the onset of DNA synthesis or the use of special selective medium were not essential for this induction. A very low frequency of cells with the AI phenotype was found in the control population (background). Cells which exhibited the AI phenotype spontaneously or after carcinogen treatment retained the characteristic over as many generations as tested (greater than 13). The data suggest that AI growth is the result of a mutational event. PMID- 7214335 TI - Inhibitory effects of selenium on the growth of L1210 leukemic cells. AB - Selenium has been shown to inhibit L1210 cells both in vitro and in vivo. The death of L1210 cells in vitro as indicated by trypan blue exclusion was dependent upon the form and concentration of selenium tested. Incubation of L1210 cells in buffer containing selenium at 1 microgram/ml for 1 hr prior to inoculation into mice significantly retarded the ability of the cells to propagate in vivo. Sodium selenite injected i.p. increased the longevity of mice inoculated with L1210 cells. Administration of 40 microgram selenium as sodium selenite daily for 7 days resulted in a 65% increase in longevity of mice inoculated with 10(5) L1210 cells. Injections of sodium selenite at doses of 40 microgram/day or less for 7 days did not significantly alter growth, liver weight, or red and white blood cell counts. The efficacy of selenium therapy was dependent upon the total number of tumor cells given in the initial inoculum. Selenium administration as sodium selenite was shown to be more effective in increasing the longevity of L1210 inoculated mice than was treatment with sodium selenate, selenocystine, or selenomethionine. Sodium selenite treatment at 20, 30, or 40 microgram/day in mice inoculated with 10(2) cells resulted in 50, 80, and 90% cures, respectively. Supplementation of the drinking water with 3 ppm selenium as sodium selenite increased the longevity of L1210-inoculated mice by approximately 30%. Combined therapy with selenium (30 microgram/day) and methotrexate resulted in a significantly longer life span of L1210-treated mice than resulted from either compound administered separately. PMID- 7214334 TI - Lysozyme enhancement of tumor cell immunoprotection in a murine fibrosarcoma. AB - We examined the ability of human lysozyme (HLZM) to enhance the immunogenicity of a methylcholanthrene-induced murine fibrosarcoma of C57BL/10 mice. Following s.c. injection of 10(4) live tumor cells, 100% of mice developed palpable tumors within 16 +/- 3 (S.D.) days. Prechallenge immunization with 10(6) irradiated tumor cells with or without complete Freund's adjuvant resulted in protection from tumor development in 14 and 22% of mice, respectively. Incubation of tumor cells with HLZM prior to immunization approximately doubled the degree of protection, with 42 to 44% of mice remaining free of tumor. This enhanced protection was dependent on the enzymatic activity of HLZM. These data suggest that HLZM enhances tumor cell immunogenicity in this model. PMID- 7214336 TI - Tumorigenic keratinocyte lines requiring anchorage and fibroblast support cultured from human squamous cell carcinomas. AB - We have established cell lines from six human squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the epidermis and tongue, using culture methods previously developed for clonal growth and serial cultivation of normal keratinocytes. The SCC lines all form rapidly growing, well-differentiated SCC's or progressively growing squamous cysts in nude mice. In contrast to normal keratinocytes, SCC cells form unstratified or very poorly stratifying colonies and do not require epidermal growth factor for sustained growth. The SCC lines vary in their requirement for a fibroblast feeder layer to support clonal growth, as normal keratinocytes possess. Only one line forms large, progressively growing colonies at high efficiency in semisolid medium; the other five lines exhibit only a small amount of abortive growth in semisolid medium, after which the cells appear to rapidly degenerate. These results demonstrate that SCC's often grow as established lines in culture, but they frequently possess in vitro growth requirements similar to those of normal keratinocytes. Consequently, neither semisolid medium nor standard surface culture media are appropriate for initiating primary SCC cultures or for selecting transformants out of carcinogen-treated keratinocyte populations, because they do not provide conditions permissive for the growth of many malignant keratinocytes. PMID- 7214337 TI - In vitro transformation of Syrian hamster epidermal cells by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. AB - The selection of Syrian hamster epidermal cells which do not terminally differentiate has provided a quantitative focus assay for in vitro chemical transformation. One-day-old Syrian hamster epidermal cells plated at 5 x 10(6)/100-mm dish were treated for 5 hr with various concentrations of N-methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. After 4 weeks, the normal epidermal cells began to terminally differentiate to keratinized squamous cells and died, but transformed epidermal colonies grew to higher cells densities and appeared as darker areas against a lightly stained normal cell background. Transformed epidermal foci were isolated and subcultured for at least 15 passages, whereas normal epidermal cells could not be subcultured under the same conditions. The transformed cells assumed the typical cobblestone-like morphology of epithelial cells, retained desmosomes and tonofilaments, and were able to use citrulline in place of arginine. Argininosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.5) activity was significantly higher in the epidermal cells than in fibroblasts. The injection of 5 x 10(6) cells of two transformed epidermal cell lines into athymic nude mice resulted in the formation of tumors which were identified as keratinizing squamous carcinomas. PMID- 7214338 TI - Lifetime dose-response relationships for mammary tumor induction by a single administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. AB - Dose-response relationships for the induction of mammary tumors by a single i.v. injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) were studied. At 50 days of age, groups of 20 virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats received single doses of 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, or 10 mg MNU per kg body weight; a group of 10 control rats received 0.85% NaCl solution only. Animals were observed for the appearance of mammary tumors over their life span or until 600 days after carcinogen administration. Both malignant and benign mammary tumors appeared in all groups; however, malignant tumors appeared earlier and at a faster rate than did benign tumors. Incidence of cancer and number of cancers per animal increased with increasing MNU dose; the latent period for cancer increased with decreasing dose. The number of benign tumors induced as a percentage of total tumors increased with decreasing dose, ranging from approximately 10% in groups receiving more than 30 mg MNU per kg to 58% in the group receiving 10 mg/kg. Foci of metastatic mammary carcinoma were found in lungs of animals in several MNU dose groups. Data from the present study indicate that a single i.v. administration of MNU induces mammary cancer in a dose-related fashion, with little toxicity and a short latent period; induced cancers metastasize to distant sites. The single-dose MNU model thus appears to be superior to both the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and multiple-dose MNU models, particularly for use in studies of modification of mammary carcinogenesis. PMID- 7214340 TI - Extrahypothalamic mediation of changes in feeding behavior induced by growth of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in rats. AB - Feeding efficiency (amount of food ingested per unit of feeding activity) was chronically depressed in male Sprague-Dawley rats recovered from the acute aphagia or hypophagia of lateral hypothalamic damage. The extent of depression varied with the severity of the acute feeding response to hypothalamic damage. Growth of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in intact rats increased feeding efficiency. Chronic lateral hypothalamic damage did not significantly attenuate tumor-induced increase in feeding efficiency but lowered the initial and maximum efficiency levels. Growth of the tumor-bearing host was depressed by residual lateral hypothalamic damage, but this depression was not related to the severity of the acute feeding response to damage. PMID- 7214339 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors and the effect of glucocorticoids on the growth of B16 melanoma. AB - The glucocorticoid receptors were measured and characterized in the transplantable B16 murine melanoma using [3H]-dexamethasone by a charcoal adsorption technique. In the tumor cytosols assayed, the levels of receptors ranged from 44 to 200 fmol/mg protein, and the corresponding Kd's ranged from 2 to 43 nM. Sucrose density gradient analysis showed a peak sedimenting at 7.1S under low-ionic-strength buffer which was completely eliminated with a 100-fold molar excess of unlabeled triamcinolone acetonide in the incubation mixture. This peak of bound radioactivity shifted to the 4.4S region under high-ionic-strength buffer (0.4 M KCl) conditions. Competition experiments, using [3H]dexamethasone and various unlabeled steroids at a 100-fold molar excess, showed characteristics typical of glucocorticoid receptors seen in other tissues. Administration of various glucocorticoids, e.g., dexamethasone, hydrocortisone acetate, and prednisolone, in different doses and regimens showed a marked and significant inhibition of tumor growth as measured by mean tumor diameter and weight. Although glucocorticoid treatment does not seem to affect the incidence of pulmonary metastases, the number of pulmonary nodules appears to be significantly greater in some groups treated with higher doses of these drugs. In survival experiments, administration of hydrocortisone acetate in various doses and regimens also resulted in a significant increase in the median survival of mice compared to 0.9% NaCl solution-treated controls. These results indicate that the growth inhibition of B16 melanoma by glucocorticoids may be a direct effect mediated by interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 7214342 TI - Pharmacokinetics of [14C]methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone) in patients with leukemia. AB - Methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG; NSC 32946), a competitive inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50), currently being reevaluated for its clinical antileukemic activity. MGBG labeled with 14C in the guanylhydrazone moiety was administered i.v. (150 microCi; specific activity, 1.9 microCi/mumol; 20 mg total) to six patients with leukemia. All patients in the study had normal renal and hepatic function. [14C]MGBG underwent no in vivo metabolism; it disappeared from the plasma with an average terminal t 1/2 of 4.1 hr. The 72-hr cumulative urinary excretion was only 14.5 +/- 2.2% (S.E.M.) of the total radioactive dose. The apparent volume of distribution was 661 ml/kg and the total clearance rate was 21.2 ml/kg/min. The low urinary excretion rate and the relatively rapid plasma clearance suggest that MGBG may be sequestered in the body. Therefore, if MGBG is administered by a frequent treatment schedule, the prolonged biological half-life in humans may significantly contribute to its clinical toxicity. PMID- 7214341 TI - Participation of the immune system in regression of a rat Mc7 sarcoma by hyperthermia. AB - Participation of the host immune response in eradication of tumor by hyperthermia has been suspected for a long time. The effect of local tumor heating on the immunocompetence of rats bearing Mc7 sarcoma was studied. Following heat treatment of 1- to 1.5-ml foot tumors at 43 degrees for 2 hr, regression of primary tumors resulted in host cure (15 of 21; 71%), and this was accompanied by an increased skin response to both 3 M KCl extract of Mc7 and dinitrochlorobenzene as well as in elevation of antibody to bovine serum albumin. Animals that were cured by hyperthermia showed no sign of metastatic tumor in lymph nodes and lungs; most control animals at the time of heat treatment had secondary tumor deposits in lymph nodes and lungs. Tumor regression after curative heating did not occur in rats (0 to 10) treated by whole-body X-rays (150 R; 3 times) plus cortisone acetate (60 mg/kg; 4 times; s.c.), and the tumor cure rate was reduced (9 of 21; 43%) by blocking macrophage activity with silica (1 g/kg; i.v. and i.p.). Also, these rats (43%) succumbed to tumor challenge with 2.5 x 10(6) Mc7 cells; 50% of the heat-cured animals not given silica consistently rejected this challenge dose. The results imply that immunostimulation comprising mainly T-cells and macrophages plays a major part in tumor regression by hyperthermia. PMID- 7214343 TI - Heterogeneity of malignant cells from a human colonic carcinoma. AB - Three subpopulations of malignant cells were isolated from a primary cell culture of a single human colonic carcinoma. The variant cells were established as cell lines designated HCT 116, HCT 116a, and HCT 116b, respectively. In vitro characterizations of the variant lines included growth in 0.5% agarose and growth on confluent layers of mouse fibroblasts. HCT 116a showed the highest colony formation in agarose and on confluent fibroblasts, while colony formation by HCT 116 was higher than that of HCT 116b in both of these systems. All of the variant lines were tumorigenic in athymic nude mice given injections of 10 x 10(6) cells, but the time between inoculation and tumor development (latency period) was approximately 10 times longer for HCT 116b as for HCT 116a and 8 times longer than for HCT 116. HCT 116b was not tumorigenic at an inoculum of 5 x 10(6) cells, while both HCT 116 and 116a were tumorgenic at this level. However, HCT 116a was clearly more tumorigenic than was HCT 116 on the basis of the number of animals developing tumors at inoculate of both 10 x 10(6) and 5 x 10(6) cells and on the basis of their differences in latency periods. While all the cell lines had near diploid numbers of chromosomes, each line showed a distinct histological pattern when grown as xenografts in athymic nude mice. PMID- 7214344 TI - Effects of 17 beta-estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate upon MtTW15 mammosomatotropic pituitary tumor growth and hormone production in male and female rats. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of two functionally diverse steroids, 17 beta-estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), on MtTW15 rat mammosomatotropic pituitary tumor growth and hormone production. Steroid responsiveness, as well as the hormonally autonomous nature of the tumor, was studied by treating both male and female tumor-bearing rats for 7 weeks with weekly injections of either 17 beta-estradiol (600 ng/g body weight/week) or MPA (200 microgram/g body weight/week) and, subsequently, comparing both the tumor weights and the in vivo production of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) among the treatment groups. Large tumors (6 to 20 gm) were obtained in all treatment groups, indicating hormonal autonomy; however, tumors were markedly smaller, on the average, in untreated males an ovariectomized females. Treatment of such rats with 17 beta-estradiol stimulated tumor growth. Radioimmunoassay of tumor and serum GH and PRL levels in all treatment groups indicated the following: (a) tumors from untreated male or female hosts did not favor the production of one hormone over the other to any great extent; (b) MPA, however, promoted significant increases (p less than 0.05) in GH production in both male and female tumor-bearing rats while having little effect on the production of PRL; and (c) 17 beta-estradiol significantly inhibited (p less than 0.05) GH production and promoted PRL production by tumors borne by either sex. Selected studies utilizing multiple doses of MPA (1 to 500 microgram per gm body weight per week) and 17 beta-estradiol (10 to 800 ng per gm body weight per week) were accomplished and demonstrated that hormone production can be influenced in a dose related manner. These results indicated that the estrogen-induced MtTW15 rat pituitary tumor is hormonally autonomous, yet divergently responsive to two different classes of steroidal compounds, thus making this tumor line an appropriate model for the study of hormonally responsive pituitary tumor cells. PMID- 7214348 TI - Temperature-dependent inhibition of murine granulocyte-monocyte precursors. AB - The response of nucleated bone marrow cells from C3H mice to hyperthermic temperatures of 41.5 to 49.5 degrees for a fixed heating period of 30 min has been determined. The threshold temperatures for cell lysis, loss of trypan blue exclusion, and histological evidence of cell injury were greater than 49.5 degrees, 45.5 degrees and 43.5 degrees, respectively. Growth of mature granulocyte-monocytes from precursors was evaluated in Millipore diffusion chamber culture. There was a biphasic decrease in granulocyte-monocyte growth after exposure to temperatures of 41.5 to 45.5 degrees. The ratio of granulocytes to monocytes in proliferated cultures was not altered after hyperthermia. Pluripotent and committed granuloid stem cells were assayed by the spleen colony and plasma clot diffusion chamber techniques. These also showed a biphasic decrease with increase in temperature, with committed stem cells having a greater thermal sensitivity at lower temperatures. PMID- 7214345 TI - Kinetic effects of sangivamycin in sarcoma 180 in vitro. AB - The lethal and sublethal effects of sangivamycin (SGM) were studied in sarcoma 180 in vitro in relation to drug concentration and duration of drug exposure. SGM lethality was found to be dependent on both drug concentration and duration of drug exposure. Pronounced effects on cell survival were observed only when SGM exposure was prolonged; with prolonged drug exposure, small increments in SGM concentration resulted in large increases in cell killing. Log-phase cells were more susceptible to the lethal effects of SGM than were early-plateau-phase cells. Measurements of incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [3H]uridine into the acid-insoluble cell fraction demonstrated inhibition of both DNA and RNA synthesis by SGM which was also dependent on drug concentration and duration of drug exposure, reflecting the lethality characteristics of SGM. As SGM concentration was increased, DNA synthesis was inhibited more rapidly than was RNA synthesis. Flow cytometry demonstrated a concentration- and time-dependent accumulation of cells in the late S and G2-M region of the DNA histogram. Our findings indicate that maximum lethality is obtained by prolongation of SGM exposure, and they suggest that pharmacokinetic studies may be important for determining regimens which provide such exposure in humans. PMID- 7214347 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide or x-rays on spontaneously occurring metastases from tumors transplanted into the tails of mice. AB - A spontaneous metastases model in mice is being used to test the efficiency of various treatments in eliminating metastases. Solid tumors were transplanted into the tails of mice and removed by tail transection when they had grown to a 4- to 5- or 6- to 7-mm mean diameter. Subsequently, 70 to 95% of mice not given other treatment developed metastases in the lungs or in regional lymph nodes (lumbar sacral region), or in both sites. The present paper reports the effects of whole body or partial-body treatment on these metastases. The treatments, which started at the time of surgical transection of the tail, included a range of single or fractionated doses of cyclophosphamide (CTX) or X-rays given either to the whole body or locally to the lungs only. CTX reduced the incidence of metastases in both sites although the incidence of lung metastases was reduced by smaller doses of CTX than that of the lumbar sacral metastases. Whole-body irradiation of 6 grays (600 rads) had no effect on the incidence of metastases, whereas local irradiation of the lungs with single doses of 14.5 or 20 grays reduced the number substantially, as did 95 mg or more of CTX per kg. Thus, CTX or radiation reduced the incidence of lung metastases in a system where metastases developed from cells seeded from a primary tumor rather than from a cell suspension injected into the tail vein. PMID- 7214346 TI - Correlation of induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in cultured rat hepatocytes with saturable high-affinity binding of 3-methylcholanthrene to a 4S cytoplasmic protein. AB - The binding of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), a potent inducer of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, to cytoplasmic proteins of a cloned rat hepatocyte culture, RL-PR-C, was studied by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Time course and dose binding experiments performed on late-passage aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducible cultures indicate the presence of a saturable pool of high-affinity (average Kd, 3.6 nm) binding sites in the cytosol of these cells. The number of binding sites varied from 20,000 to 80,000 per late-passage hepatocyte with a total capacity of approximately 2.2 pmol of 3-MC bound per mg of cytosolic protein. The complex sedimented at 4.0 +/- 0.2S regardless of the ionic strength of the homogenization buffer or gradient solutions. It was sensitive to denaturation by sodium dodecyl sulfate and trypsin but not by DNase I, RNase A, or the nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40. The binding of 3-MC to the protein was inhibited by 1,2-benzanthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, 5,6-benzoflavone, and 7,8 benzoflavone but not by a series of steroids, aflatoxin B1, phenobarbital, or Aroclor 1254. Elevating the temperature of cultures cells to 37 degrees after the standard ligand-binding incubation at 4 degrees resulted in a rapid decrease in cytoplasmic saturable binding and a concomitant increase in nuclear- and chromatin-associated ligand. A portion of this nuclear-associated ligand was extractable with 400 mM KCl. Adsorption of the [3H]-3-MC binding complex by nuclei in vitro suggested that the 4S binding protein facilitated the entry of 3 MC into the nucleus. The presence of the 4S binding species correlated with the level of inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase throughout its development in RL-PR-C and therefore may be involved in the process of induction of this enzyme. PMID- 7214349 TI - A self-consistent field molecular orbital study of hydroxyguanidine. AB - Theoretical self-consistent field molecular orbital calculations indicate that the hydroxyguanidinium ion can dissociate in alkaline or neutral medium by the loss of the hydroxyl proton, leading to the formation of a strong nucleophilic agent which can attack a positive receptor in enzymes, acting in this way as an antitumor and an antiviral agent. Geometry optimization, total energies, and net atomic charges are calculated using a Gaussian basis set for the hydroxyguanidinium ion and its conjugate bases. PMID- 7214350 TI - Photoreactivation of ultraviolet radiation-induced pyrimidine dimers in neonatal BALB/c mouse skin. AB - The numbers of ultraviolet light (UV)-induced pyrimidine dimers in the DNA of neonatal BALB/c mouse skin were measured by assessing the sensitivity of the DNA to Micrococcus luteus UV endonuclease. Irradiation of neonatal BALB/c mice with FS40 sunlamps caused a dose-dependent induction of endonuclease-sensitive sites (pyrimidine dimers) in DNA extracted from back skin. Exposure of these UV irradiated neonatal mice to photoreactivating (PR) light ("cool white" fluorescent lamp and incandescent lamp) caused a reduction in the number of pyrimidine dimers in the DNA, as revealed by a shift in low-molecular-weight DNA to high-molecular-weight DNA. In contrast, DNA profiles of the skin of either UV irradiated mice or UV-irradiated mice kept in the dark for the same duration as those exposed to PR light did not show a loss of UV-induced endonuclease sensitive sites. Furthermore, reversing the order of treatment, i.e., administering PR light first and then UV, did not produce a reduction in pyrimidine dimers. These results demonstrate that PR or UV-induced pyrimidine dimers occurs in neonatal BALB/c mouse skin. The optimal wavelength range for in vivo PR appears to be in the visible region of the spectrum (greater than 400 nm). Although dimer formation could be detected in both dermis and epidermis, PR occurred only in the dermis. Furthermore, the PR phenomenon could not be detected in the skin of adult mice from the same inbred strain. PMID- 7214351 TI - Cyclic adenosine 3':5-monophosphate receptor proteins in hormone-dependent and independent rat mammary tumors. AB - The molecular species of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) receptor proteins (high-affinity-binding proteins) present in hormone-dependent and independent rat mammary carcinomas were identified and characterized. Three major types of cAMP receptor proteins, with molecular weights of 39,000, 48,000, and 56,000, specifically incorporated the photoaffinity label, 8-azido-cyclic adenosine 3':5'-[32P]monophosphate and were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the tumor cytosols. The M.W. 48,000 and 56,000 receptor proteins appeared to be the regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase types I and II, respectively, and the M.W. 39,000 receptor protein was the proteolytic fragment of the M.W. 56,000 receptor protein. The relative amounts of these cAMP receptor proteins varied from one tumor type to another and showed no correlation with respect to the hormone dependency of tumors. Under two dimensional gel electrophoresis, however, the M.W. 56,000 receptor protein from hormone-dependent tumors migrated as a doublet and shifted to either a more acidic or more basic charge than that of the receptor protein of hormone dependent tumors. The alteration of the charge of the receptor did not affect the affinity for cAMP binding, because both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumor cytosols exhibited the dissociation constant for cAMP of approximately 10( 8) M. The M.W. 56,000 cAMP receptor protein from hormone-dependent tumors exhibited self-phosphorylation, but that from hormone-independent tumors did not. The diethylaminoethyl cellulose elution profiles of cAMP receptor proteins also differed between hormone-dependent and -independent tumors; cAMP binding activity from hormone-dependent tumors coeluted with cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, whereas most of the cAMP binding activity from hormone-independent tumors eluted at a higher ionic strength than did cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. These results suggest that the charge alteration of cAMP receptor proteins, which appears to occur at a site remote from that of cAMP binding, may be associated with the hormone independency of mammary tumors. PMID- 7214352 TI - Activity of mitoxantrone in a human tumor cloning system. AB - We have utilized a recently developed human tumor cloning system to screen for antitumor effects in vitro of a new anthracenedione derivative, Mitoxantrone. The object was to determine if the system is useful for pinpointing the types of tumors in patients which should be studied in early Phase II clinical trials. Tumors from 267 patients were placed in culture (20 different histological tumor types). One hundred seventy tumors both grew and formed enough colonies for drug sensitivity assays. Excellent in vitro antitumor activity was noted for Mitoxantrone against human adenocarcinoma of the lung, small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and biliary tree cancer. Good antitumor activity was noted against breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, head and neck cancer, squamous cell lung cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, gastric cancer, and hepatomas. The drug showed no in vitro activity against colon cancer. These data indicate that Mitoxantrone has a wide spectrum of in vitro antitumor activity. A comparison of these in vitro results with the results of Phase II clinical trials with the drug should allow an evaluation of the utility of the human tumor cloning system for predicting clinical antitumor activity of a new compound. PMID- 7214353 TI - In vitro growth and drug sensitivity of tumor colony-forming units from human tumor xenografts. AB - To investigate the feasibility of using tissue obtained from human tumor xenografts for in vitro screening of antineoplastic agents, we grew human tumor colony-forming units (CFU) in semisold agar from xenografts serially passaged in nude mice. Growth of human tumor CFU was accomplished from nine xenografts representing five different histological tumor types (ovarian carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the colon, malignant melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma of the lung, and malignant astrocytoma). Cloning efficiency ranged from 0.04 to 0.1% and showed significant variability both between tumor types and between individual animals bearing the same type of xenograft. A high percentage of tumor CFU was in S phase [47 +/- 20% (S.D.)] as determined by the thymidine "suicide" technique. The number of tumor CFU observed increased linearly with increasing numbers of cells plated. In vitro drug sensitivity of the tumor CFU was assessed to Adriamycin, cis-platinum, and melphalan. The patterns of drug sensitivity were found to be reproducible and stable over a period of 9 months. Drug sensitivity curves to Adriamycin for five xenografts representing four tumor types showed complex patterns with plateau portions similar to those described for tumor CFU from primary tumors. The rank order of sensitivity of the tumors was compared to that of normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitors and, with the exception of the melanomas, was found to correlate well with clinical experience (order of sensitivity = colon less than ovary less than bone marrow). Growth of human tumor CFU from xenografts represents a reproducible and stable means for the study of the biology of tumor CFU and has potential applications as a means for screening new anticancer agents. PMID- 7214355 TI - Effect of inhibitors of plant cell division on mammalian tumor cells in vitro. AB - We studied the activity of 14 compounds, all of which have been shown to interfere in plant cell division, in two animal tumor cell cultures, EL-4 and L1210. Four compounds [propham, chlorpropham, bensulide S-(O,O diisopropylphosphorodithioate) ester of N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide), and siduron] had a 50% inhibitory dose less than 10(-4) M; six [2,3,5 triiodobenzoic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid, bromacil, (2,4,5 trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid, naptalam, and (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid] had a 50% inhibitory dose between 10(-4) and 10(-3) M, and the remaining four 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonate, eptam, maleic hydrazide, and 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N,-dipropylaniline] had a 50% inhibitory dose at higher than 10(-3) M. There was a significant correlation between the effect on the two cell lines as well as between the inhibition of cell proliferation and that of thymidine and leucine uptake. More detailed study of cell proliferation and leucine and thymidine uptake for bensulide and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid revealed a dose-response pattern of inhibition starting shortly after exposure of the cells to the compounds. These results indicate that some inhibitors of plant cell division are capable of inhibiting the proliferation of animal tumor cells. PMID- 7214354 TI - Mutagenesis induced by procarcinogens at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus of human fibroblasts cocultured with rat hepatocytes. AB - The addition of diethylnitrosamine or cyclophosphamide in cultures of hepatocytes overlaid on confluent diploid human fibroblasts resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase human fibroblast mutants with both chemicals. Different toxicity patterns for the two cell types were seen. Diethylnitrosamine was more toxic to the hepatocytes, whereas cyclophosphamide was more toxic to the fibroblasts. These data open the possibility of using strains of human fibroblasts as in vitro screens for mutagenicity of procarcinogens. PMID- 7214357 TI - Fluorometric method for rapid detection of DNA strand breaks in human white blood cells produced by low doses of radiation. AB - DNA strand breaks can be detected with great sensitivity by exposing crude cell lysates to alkaline solutions and monitoring the rate of strand unwinding. As little as one strand break per chromosome can be detected. Previous methods for measuring strand unwinding have required physical separation of single- from double-stranded molecules. We now describe conditions under which unwinding can be monitored directly using a fluorescent dye, thus greatly simplifying the analysis. Breaks due to irradiation of blood samples by 60Co gamma-rays at doses as low as 0.05 to 0.1 gray (5 to 10 rads) were detectable. Rapid rejoining of strand breaks during in vitro incubation at 37 degrees could readily be observed following a dose of one gray. Since the procedure is very rapid and cells can be analyzed directly without the requirement for culturing or radiolabeling, the procedure could be useful in cancer chemotherapy if in vivo damage is to be monitored or for testing the in vitro sensitivity of cells to drugs. PMID- 7214358 TI - Quantitative analysis of microvascular structure and function in the amelanotic melanoma A-Mel-3. AB - Blood cell velocity, capillary diameter, and capillary length were determined in the microcirculation of the amelanotic hamster melanoma A-Mel-3 as well as in s.c. tissue of tumor-free animals. Studies were carried out using a dorsal skin flap chamber, intravital microscopy, and television techniques after transplantation of a 0.5-cu mm piece of tumor tissue. The tumor revealed a special microvascular configuration of short, thin-walled, sometimes dilated capillaries running around the edge of the tumor. Large avascular areas appeared in the center part approximately 5 days after tumor transplantation. Although mean capillary blood cell velocity was not different in tumor-containing and tumor-free preparations, localized irregularities of blood flow were observed close to points of endothelial sacculations. Huge platelet conglomerates were consistently noted in capillaries of the tumor, blocking the blood stream temporarily. Due to discrepancies in microvascular morphology and lack of visible vascularization, large parts of this tumor seem to be inaccessible to tumor treatment. This implies that better vascularization of these regions might enhance the efficiency of cancer treatment. The chamber technique, intravital microscopy, and television methods combined with the subsequent, quantitative microvascular analysis may provide a unique means for direct evaluation of local therapy, particularly during early melanoma growth. PMID- 7214359 TI - Portal levels and hepatic clearance of 5-fluorouracil after intraperitoneal administration in humans. AB - Intrahepatic tumor is a major problem in clinical oncology. While direct intravascular infusions provide high local drug concentrations and variable rates of tumor response, they are limited by technical considerations and complications. In this study, we have tested whether high portal venous and hepatic arterial concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) can be achieved by administering drug via peritoneal dialysis. Four patients with metastatic colon carcinoma had a Tenckhoff catheter surgically implanted. During dialysis therapy with 4 mM 5-FUra, simultaneous samples of peritoneal fluid and of portal venous, hepatic venous, and peripheral venous, and arterial blood were obtained, and 5 FUra concentrations were determined. Mean peak portal vein drug concentrations were 60 microM and exceeded the measured concentrations in the other vessels. Total drug exposures as measured by concentration x time (mM x min) during Exchange 1 were: portal, 3.8 +/- 0.65; hepatic vein, 0.97 +/- 0.44; peripheral vein, 0.90 +/- 0.32; and arterial, 1.1 +/- 0.26. During Exchange 7, total drug exposures were: portal, 6.3 +/- 1.4; hepatic vein, 2.5 +/- 1.3; peripheral vein, 2.3 +/- 1.1; and arterial, 2.7 +/- .85. The fraction of i.p. drug that exited the peritoneal cavity through the portal venous system ranged from 0.29 to 1.0. This variation resulted in part from uncertainty in estimating portal blood flow and gastrointestinal drug elimination. Calculated hepatic extraction was 67% (range, 0.23 to 0.89). Extrahepatic metabolism was demonstrated. Measured 5-FUra concentrations compared favorably to values predicted by a pharmacokinetic model for 5-FUra. Dialysis therapy (i.p.) with 5-FUra provides a means of achieving high drug concentrations for treating both i.p. and intrahepatic tumor. Further clinical testing of this route of administration is warranted. PMID- 7214356 TI - Biochemical and cytotoxic actions of 3,6-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethylphthalaldehyde in sarcoma 180 cells. AB - The replication of Sarcoma 180 cells in culture was inhibited by 3,6-dihydroxy 4,5-dimethylphthalaldehyde (HMPA). The inhibition of growth caused by HMPA was evident after treatment of cells with drug for only 15 min. This exposure period caused decreased in (a) cloning efficiency, (b) transport and/or phosphorylation of [3H]thymidine and [3H]uridine, (c) incorporation of radioactive nucleosides into acid-insoluble material, and (d) incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein. Examination of the cytotoxicities of the model compounds 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4 dihydroquinone (durohydroquinone) and o-phthalaldehyde indicated that the dialdehyde portion of the molecule was responsible for the cytocidal effects of HMPA. The ratio of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate in the acid soluble fraction of Sarcoma 180 cells incubated in vitro with HMPA for 45 min was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. The reduction in the ATP pool size produced by HMPA contrasts with the action of the periodate oxidation product of cytidine dialdehyde, which has been reported to increase the intracellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate. PMID- 7214360 TI - Induction of chemotaxis in mouse peritoneal macrophages by phorbol ester tumor promoters. AB - The ability of the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), to induce chemotaxis in three different populations of mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied. TPA in the range of 10(-9) to 10(-7) M produced a dose- and time related increase in chemotaxis in resident, thioglycollate-elicited, and divinyl ether maleic anhydride copolymer-activated macrophages. A maximal response was obtained after 4 hr incubation with 10(-7) M TPA, and this concentration of TPA was as effective as inducing chemotaxis as was endotoxin-activated mouse serum. Orientation of macrophages towards TPA was also observed by microscopy. Within 2 hr, cells exposed to TPA sent out cytoplasmic processes along the TPA gradient. Parallel arrays of cells oriented towards the TPA were observed after 4 hr incubation. Two other diterpene tumor promoters, phorbol-12,13-didecanoate and mezerein, were also chemotactic for the macrophages, as was the peptide epidermal growth factor, which shares a number of effects with TPA on cells in culture. On the other hand, two phorbol esters inactive as tumor promoters, 4-alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate and phorbol, were not chemotactic for macrophages. Retinoic acid, which inhibits tumor promotion, inhibited TPA-induced, but not endotoxin activated mouse serum-induced chemotaxis. These findings, taken together with previous studies, indicate that phorbol ester tumor promoters are potent modulators of macrophage function. PMID- 7214361 TI - Prophylaxis of spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis by temporal inhibition of prolactin secretion in rats at young ages. AB - The effects of temporal prolactin suppression during the limited periods of early age on spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis at advanced ages were examined in rats. Daily s.c. injections of 0.5 mg 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine mesylate, a potent suppressor of pituitary prolactin secretion, into virgin rats for 7 weeks beginning at 4 weeks of age resulted in almost complete prevention of mammary tumor appearance by 20 months of age. The incidence of tumors in this group (Group 1) was 3.3% (1 of 30), significantly smaller than that of the control [Group 2, 47.6% (10 of 21)]. Treatment given between 11 and 18 weeks of age inhibited mammary tumor incidence to a lesser extent [Group 3, 20% (6 of 30)], although tumor incidence was still significantly smaller than that in the corresponding control [Group 4, 41.2% (7 of 17)]. Serum prolactin level was decreased significantly by 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine mesylate; the levels on the evening of proestrus in the last week of injection were 18 +/- 3 (S.E.), 326 +/- 37, 15 +/- 2, and 460 +/- 55 ng/ml in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Body weight change and pattern of estrous cycles were not affected by the treatment. PMID- 7214363 TI - Inhibition of development of methylnitrosourea-induced rat colon tumors by indomethacin treatment. AB - This study deals with the nonsteroid antiinflammatory drug indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, in the treatment of carcinogen-induced colonic tumors in rats. CD-Fischer rats were given an intrarectal instillation of methylnitrosourea (2 mg, three times a week for the first to the fifth week) in order to produce colonic tumors. Thereafter, a long-term treatment with an i.p. injection of indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg body weight, three times a week) was started at the 11th week, before the tumors developed. At autopsy, after the 15-week treatment with indomethacin, the colonic tumor incidence was significantly lower in treated rats than in vehicle-treated or untreated control rats. However, the 10-week cessation of treatment following this effective dosage led to a rapid development of tumors. In another experimental group of rats in which tumors were detected endoscopically, when treatment was initiated late, at the 26th week, for 10 weeks, tumor incidence and number were not altered. The data suggested that indomethacin inhibited the development of colonic tumors but did not reject or kill the growing tumors. It is postulated that indomethacin treatment may effectively prevent the development of colonic cancer in patients at high risk of colonic adenomatosis and carcinomatosis. PMID- 7214362 TI - Arrest of in vivo proliferation of Zajdela tumor cells by inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. AB - The proliferation of Zajdela tumor cells, grown in vivo in Wistar rats, is arrested by low amounts of oxytetracycline. Oxytetracycline is administered by means of continuous infusion in such a way that the oxytetracycline concentration in serum and ascitic fluid is maintained at a level at which only mitochondrial protein synthesis is blocked. Under these conditions, Zajdela mitochondrial tumor cells cease dividing after a few cell generations, an event which is preceded by reduction of cytochrome c oxidase activity of the tumor cells. Toxicity to host tissues is limited to the immune system which is apparently suppressed by the drug. Even so, oxytetracycline might have therapeutic potential in human cancer therapy, especially because it does not influence the hemopoietic system. PMID- 7214364 TI - Urinary bladder tumors induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in dogs. AB - Clinicopathological, radiological, and histological studies were performed on urinary bladder neoplasia induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) in five adult beagle dogs and in ten adult mongrel dogs. Tumors of the urinary bladder developed in dogs given various daily doses of BBN p.o. for different periods. The latent period of tumor induction was 4 years in dogs receiving a daily dose of 80 mg of BBN, 2 to 2.5 years in dogs receiving a daily dose of 160 mg of BBN, and 1.5 years in dogs receiving a daily dose of 240 mg of BBN. The total dose of BBN ingested by the dogs until the first tumors were observed by urological examinations was nearly the same in all groups, 100 to 140 g. These results suggest that there is a correlation between dose and induction time, but further dose-response studies are required. Histologically, tumors of the urinary bladder were transitional cell papillomas or transitional cell carcinomas resembling morphologically those found in human cases. It is possible to observe the process of development of urinary bladder tumors from initial lesions to invasive tumors using routine urological examinations. We believe that this experimental model is valuable for clinicopathological studies of urinary bladder tumors. PMID- 7214365 TI - Overcoming of vincristine resistance in P388 leukemia in vivo and in vitro through enhanced cytotoxicity of vincristine and vinblastine by verapamil. AB - A noncytotoxic dose of verapamil, a coronary vasodilator, enhances the cytotoxicity of vincristine (VCR) and vinblastine in P388 leukemia and its VCR resistant subline, P388/VCR. When 2.2 to 6.6 microM verapamil was added along the VCR to the P388/VCR culture in vitro, VCR resistance was completely overcome. Verapamil in doses of 50 to 100 mg/kg administered daily for 10 days with VCR also enhances the chemotherapeutic effect of VCR in P388- and, especially, P388/VCR-bearing mice. When approximately 3 times the amount of VCR was given to a P388/VCR bearer as compared to a P388 bearer, VCR resistance was almost completely overcome in vivo with 50 to 100-mg/kg doses of verapamil. The amount of VCR incorporated into P388 cells was larger than that in P388/VCR cells. Verapamil (6.6 microM) enhanced the cellular level of VCR in P388 cells 2-fold and enhanced the level of VCR in P388/VCR cells 10-fold. The amount of VCR in P388/VCR cells reached the same level as that found in P388 cells. The overcoming of VCR resistance in vivo and in vitro could be explained by the effective accumulation of VCR by verapamil in P388/VCR cells mediated by the inhibition of a VCR efflux function of the cells, a mechanism which remains to be solved. PMID- 7214366 TI - Effects of tamoxifen on estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast cancer. AB - Twenty patients with primary breast cancer were treated with tamoxifen (10 mg p.o. twice a day) for 1 to 4 weeks. Before and after the tamoxifen administration, tumor specimens were obtained and assayed for estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors (PGR). Total cytosol estrogen receptor (ERC) and occupied nuclear estrogen receptor (ERN) were measured by hydroxylapatite assay, and unoccupied PGR was measured by the dextran-coated charcoal assay. ERC, ERN, and PGR were detectable in 11, 8, and 6 tumors, respectively, before tamoxifen administration. After tamoxifen treatment, ERC decreased in 10 of 11 ERC-positive tumors. Occupied ERN increased in three of five ERN-positive tumors treated with tamoxifen for a short period (1 to 2 weeks), but they decreased in all of three ERN-positive tumors after longer administration (3 to 4 weeks). PGR increased in three of five ERN-positive tumors after short-term tamoxifen treatment, but they decreased in all of three tumors treated by the drug for a longer period. Increased PGR responses were accompanied by an increase of ERN in two of three ERN-positive tumors. These results suggest that tamoxifen interacts with the estrogen receptor system in human breast cancer tissue and may be estrogenic during short treatment, while longer treatment results in an antiestrogenic response. PMID- 7214368 TI - Formation of DNA single-strand breaks by near-ultraviolet and gamma-rays in normal and Bloom's syndrome skin fibroblasts. AB - The formation of single-strand breaks by near-ultraviolet light at 313 nm and by aerobic gamma-rays was compared for skin fibroblast monolayer cultures from 4 normal donors (NF) and 8 patients with Bloom's syndrome (BS) by the alkaline elution method. In 6 of 8 BS strains, the number of breaks induced by near ultraviolet light, 2.25 kJ/sq m, at 0 degrees was comparable to NF, while elevated breakage was observed in BS strains HG 369 and HG 916. Breakage frequencies were increased substantially in 6 of 8 BS strains relative to NF when the near-ultraviolet light exposure was at 37 degrees. BS strain GM 2520 represents an exception since normal breakage frequencies were induced both at 0 degrees and 37 degrees. Aerobic gamma-rays (75 R) induced comparable numbers of single-strand breaks in BS and NF strains at 0 degrees. The breakage frequencies were reduced an average of 17% in NF when the same dose was given at 30 degrees followed by 6 min incubation. Under the same conditions, the breakage frequencies were on the average reduced by 42% relative to 0 degrees in the BS strains, indicating that they possess normal or possibly slightly increased capacities for the rejoining of gamma-ray-induced breaks. PMID- 7214367 TI - Effects of histone fractions on induction of differentiation of cultured mouse myeloid leukemia cells. AB - Mouse myeloid leukemic cells (M1) could be induced to differentiate into macrophage-like and granulocyte-like cells by a lysine-rich, histone H1 fraction (10 to 100 microgram/ml). The differentiated M1 cells expressed phagocytic and lysozyme activity and were macrophage-like and granulocyte-like cells. The differentiation-inducing activity of histone H1 was found in histone H1 fractions isolated from calf thymus, rat liver, and mouse leukemia M1 cells. Histone H2A and H2B fractions did not induce differentiation of M1 cells at concentrations of 10 to 100 microgram/ml but did induce differentiation at a high concentration (200 microgram/ml). The histone H3 fraction, poly-L-lysine and poly-L-arginine, inhibited induction of differentiation of M1 cells. PMID- 7214369 TI - Heterogeneous oxygen partial pressure and pH distribution in C3H mouse mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - Severe disturbances in microcirculation during advanced phases of tumor growth lead to restrictions of convective and diffusive transport. In addition, an inhomogeneous distribution of transport conditions develops, resulting in insufficient and heterogeneous substrate supply and an inadequate drainage of wastes. Polarographic measurements of the local tissue oxygen tension (PO2) using gold microelectrodes reveal that very low PO2 values are prevalent in C3H mouse mammary carcinomas. The tissue PO2 frequency distributions are shifted to low PO2 values and limited in variability. The mean PO2 value is 7 mm Hg. The median is 4 mm Hg, the modal class being 0 to 5 mm Hg. Within different microareas of the same tumor, pronounced heterogeneities exist. Due to an elevated rate of lactic acid production and its subsequent inadequate removal, a severe tissue acidosis is evidenced in malignant tumors. For C3H mouse mammary carcinomas, most of the measured pH values are in the range of 6.4 to 7.1, the modal class being 6.7 to 6.8 (mean pH, 6.73; median pH, 6.75). Within different microareas of the same tumor, clear heterogeneities in the pH distribution do occur. Very low pH values (5.8 to 6.3) have been observed in large ulcerated tumors. In extensively necrotic areas, pH values even higher than the arterial pH could be detected. PMID- 7214370 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen: its role as a marker in the management of cancer- National Institutes of Health consensus development conference statement. PMID- 7214371 TI - Quantitative determination of the degree of differentiation of mammary tumors by pyruvate kinase kinetic analysis. PMID- 7214372 TI - The program of development of cancer chemotherapy in Japan. PMID- 7214374 TI - The National Cancer Institute radiation development program. PMID- 7214373 TI - Progress report on the screening program at the Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute. PMID- 7214375 TI - The clinical evaluation of BRM agents. PMID- 7214376 TI - Effect of bestatin on hematopoiesis. PMID- 7214381 TI - Atrioventricular canal. PMID- 7214379 TI - Pediatric cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7214383 TI - The surgical treatment of transposition of the great arteries. PMID- 7214378 TI - Substrate specificity of the glycanase activity associated with particles of Klebsiella bacteriophage no. 6. AB - A glycanase activity associated with the particles of Klebsiella bacteriophage No. 6 catalyses cleavage of O-beta-D-glycopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-4,6-O-(1 carboxyethylidene)-beta-D-mannopyranose linkages in Klebsiella serotype-6 capsular polysaccharide. Of 74 heterologous Klebsiella polysaccharides and two derivatives of the type-6 glycan, only the type-1 and type-57 polymers were additionally degraded by the phage-6 enzyme. The repeating units in the three substrates have a 1ax leads to 3eq, 1eq leads to eq-linked chain D-gluco- or D galacto-pyranosyl residue in common (which constitutes the reducing end after glycanase action), and a carboxyl group on the next hexopyranosyl residue. Of the 72 polysaccharides not affected by the viral enzyme, at least the type-11 and type-21 glycans also contain the same homology of primary structure. This indicates that the conformation at the glycanase recognition-site also constitutes an important feature of the substrates. PMID- 7214377 TI - Purification of heparinase and heparitinase by affinity chromatography on glycosaminoglycan-bound AH-Sepharose 4B. AB - Heparinase and heparitinase were separated from an extract of Flavobacterium heparinum, induced with heparin by using column chromatography on hydroxylapatite. As the heparinase preparation contained chondroitinases B and C, chondroitinase B was removed by rechromatography on a hydroxylapatite column. Chondroitinase C was then eliminated by column chromatography on O phosphono("phospho")-cellulose. The heparinase preparation thus obtained was free from sulfoamidase for 2-deoxy-2-sulfoamino-D-glucose (GlcN-2S), sulfatase for 2 amino-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-D-glucose (GlcN-6S), as well as delta 4,5glycosiduronase for the unsaturated disaccharides obtained from heparin. The remaining sulfatase for 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid 2-sulfate (delta UA-2S) in the heparinase preparation was removed by affinity chromatography with dermatan sulfate-bound AH-Sepharose 4B coated with dermatan sulfate. The heparitinase preparation separated by column chromatography on hydroxylapatite was purified by affinity chromatography with heparin-bound AH-Sepharose 4B coated with heparin. Sulfatase for 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-D-glucose (GlcN-6S) and delta 4,5glycosiduronase for the unsaturated disaccharides obtained from heparin were removed by this chromatography. Sulfatase for 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4 enopyranosyluronic acid 2-sulfate (delta UA-2S) remaining in the heparitinase preparation was finally removed by column chromatography on hydroxylapatite. The recoveries of the purified preparations of heparinase and heparitinase were estimated to be 39 and 50%, respectively, from the crude enzyme fractions obtained by the first column chromatography on hydroxylapatite. The purified heparinase and heparitinase were free from all enzymes that could degrade the sulfated unsaturated disaccharides produced from heparin with heparinase. PMID- 7214384 TI - The surgical approach to supraventricular arrhythmias. AB - The relatively small amount of experience with the surgical treatment of supraventricular tachycardias due to abnormalities other than a Kent bundle has been reviewed. The surgical procedure is direct but may not be definitive. With increasing knowledge concerning the nature of the arrhythmias as well as the identification of the site of the heart from which they originate, it is hoped that definitive operation will be possible. The experience at Duke with the surgical interruption of Kent pathways has now evolved to the point that the patient can be successfully treated at a low risk and with the promise of a satisfactory result. PMID- 7214380 TI - The cardiac manifestations of thalassemia major: natural history, noninvasive cardiac diagnostic studies and results of cardiac catheterization. PMID- 7214382 TI - Management of patients with right ventricle to pulmonary artery discontinuity. PMID- 7214385 TI - The determinants of five year survival of infants with critical congenital heart disease. PMID- 7214387 TI - Management of the postoperative cardiac surgical patient. PMID- 7214386 TI - Postoperative tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 7214388 TI - Cardiogenic shock. AB - Cardiogenic shock is a complication of acute myocardial infarction characterized by reduction in systemic blood pressure and clinical evidence of impaired blood flow to the skin, central nervous system, and kidneys. Circulatory changes of cardiogenic shock result from excessive loss of contracting myocardium and impaired mechanical performance of the left ventricle. Hemodynamic measurements of left ventricular filling pressure (recorded as the pulmonary artery end diastolic pressure) and the cardiac index can identify four different subgroups with hospital mortality ranging from 13 to 100 percent when managed with available pharmacologic agents. Patients in cardiogenic shock with a normal or near normal left ventricular filling pressure may respond to volume expansion by restoration of blood pressure and organ flow. The pharmacologic management of cardiogenic shock can be effectively enhanced by measuring the changes in cardiac index and left ventricular filling pressure before and after various vasopressor, inotropic, and volume expansion agents. A clinical scheme for the management of cardiogenic shock based on hemodynamic measurements delineates optimal medical management as well as recognition of rupture of the ventricular septum or the papillary muscle. Despite the combined medical and surgical advances in cardiogenic shock, hospital mortality remains high due to the extensive loss of contracting myocardium of the left ventricle. PMID- 7214389 TI - Dissection of the aorta. AB - Recent experience indicates that the treatment of acute aortic dissection is satisfactory in about 75 percent of cases. Most centers have moved to early operations for those dissections involving the ascending aorta and a combination of anti-impulse therapy and expectant operative treatment for those dissections involving only the descending aorta. Physicians seeing acute circulatory problems should be aware of catastrophic nature of aortic dissection and of the available methods for its diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7214390 TI - Emergency coronary revascularization. AB - Emergency operations for restoration of coronary artery blood flow are an effective means for treatment of unstable anginal syndromes. The risk of such operations is minimized by preoperative stabilization with medical therapy. Mechanical circulatory assistance may be a useful adjunct in some patients, especially in the presence of left main coronary obstruction. Utilization of emergency revascularization for patients with evolving myocardial infarction may be beneficial in some patients, but this approach remains controversial at present. Emergency revascularization for cardiogenic shock improves chances for survival in selected patients, and it may be combined with valve replacement, infarct resection, or repair of ruptured myocardium in patients with adequate residual contractile tissue. PMID- 7214391 TI - Assessment of wall shear stress in arteries, applied to the coronary circulation. AB - Time dependent wall shear rates cannot be directly or accurately measured in arteries using presently available techniques. Here a simple method is presented for calculating them from a single measured velocity waveform (either centreline or cross-sectionally averaged velocity). The method involves only Fourier analysis and the application of given formulae, and it is expected to be approximately valid in any segment of artery which has no branches or sharp curves for a distance of several diameters. It is shown, however, that a frequency response of 30 Hz is required in the velocity measuring device if the resulting wall shear rate waveform is to be accurate throughout the cycle although 10 Hz is adequate if only the rms value is desired. This restriction on accuracy applies to this or any other method of estimating time-dependent wall shear. The method is applied to a prediction of wall shear in the left coronary arteries of the horse, based on measured velocities where they are available and calculated ones where they are not; the results show that in vivo the amplitude of wall shear fluctuations is much greater than the mean. The method is also applied to a scaled down model of the horse coronaries, thought to be representative of man; here the unsteadiness is still important but no longer dominant. The variation of wall shear with distance along the artery is discussed in the context of atherogenesis. PMID- 7214392 TI - Measurement of cardiac output and its distribution in rats under various sodium intakes, using 15 and 10 micron spheres. AB - We estimated cardiac output and its distribution to organs using simultaneously injected 15 micrometers and 10 micrometers radioactive microspheres. This study was carried out in anaesthetised rats with high cardiac output induced by sodium loading and low cardiac output by sodium restriction. In neither group were the values of cardiac output and blood flow to kidneys, brain, heart and spleen affected by microsphere size. However, the ratio of blood flow estimated with 15 micrometer to that with 10 micrometer microspheres averaged 0.67: 0.60 for liver, 1.09: 1.10 for duodenum, 3.51: 3.52 for testes, and 1.19: 1.07 for adrenals in high and low sodium rats respectively. A significant escape of 10 micrometer microspheres from testicular, adrenal, and gastrointestinal vasculatures may explain such finding. With regard to the liver, this view was reinforced by the finding of comparable hepatic blood flow values with either bead size after clamping of the portal vein. Additional preferential losses of 10 micrometer microspheres from muscular vasculature seemed to contribute to the fractions of injected radioactivities recovered in lungs (that is 6 and 2% for 10 micrometer and 15 micrometer spheres respectively). These results suggest that in the rat blood flow data provided by 10 micrometer microspheres should be carefully analysed according to the organ(s) studied. PMID- 7214393 TI - Electrophysiological characteristics of rodent myocardium damaged by adrenaline. AB - Myocardial cell injury was produced in rats and guinea pigs by injecting 3.0 mg.kg-1 1-adrenaline subcutaneously. Ventricular myocardium removed from animals 24 h after the injection exhibited marked electrophysiological alterations when studied in vitro. These alterations included: (1) reduced resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude and duration, and dV/dt; (2) conduction disturbances such as delay, unidirectional block, summation and inhibition; (3) abnormal automatic activity including triggered sustained rhythmic activity and post-overdrive acceleration. Conduction disturbances were affected by stimulus intensity, duration, rate and site of pacing. Isoprenaline (10(-7) mol.litre-1) improved conduction. Automatic activity was modified by changes in entrance and exit block and depolarising or hyperpolarising current pulses. These data indicate that diverse abnormal electrophysiological alterations occur in myocardium damaged by adrenaline. PMID- 7214394 TI - Influence of static and oscillatory pressure/strain on 131I-albumin uptake by the wall of the isolated pig thoracic aorta. AB - The uptake of 131I-albumin by the wall of the isolated pig thoracic aorta was investigated in vitro to achieve good control of the experimental conditions. The lumena of the arteries were perfused with a balanced salt solution (Hanks') containing the radioactively labelled albumin. Albumin flux was studied at three static intralumenal pressures, viz 6.7, 13.3 and 20 kPa (50, 100 and 150 mmHg) and uptake (normalised per unit dry tissue weight) was found to be approximately doubled on increasing the pressure from 6.7 to 20 kPa (50 to 150 mmHg). With a mean pressure of 6.7 kPa (50 mmHg) the uptake was studied in the presence of sinusoidal pressure oscillations of amplitude in the range 1.3 to 6.0 kPa (10 to 45 mmHg) at frequencies 1, 5 and 11 Hz. At each frequency the uptake was found to be dependent on the pressure amplitude. The dependence at 5 Hz was significantly stronger than at 1 Hz (P < 0.05) and although not significant there was a suggestion that the uptake was higher at 5 than 11 Hz. There was no significance and no suggestion of a difference at 1 and 11 Hz. The possible influence on uptake of the associated oscillatory wall shear component has been considered. The relevance of these findings to macromolecular transport and to the characteristic localisation of atheroma within the arterial tree is discussed. PMID- 7214395 TI - Variability of the body surface distributions of QRS, ST-T and QRST deflection areas with varied activation sequence in dogs. AB - Distributions of QRS, ST-T and QRST areas of 192 lead body surface ECG's were measured in dogs for multiple activation orders. Qualitatively, the distributions of QRST area were found to be strikingly similar over all activation orders in contrast to the distributions of QRS or ST-T areas. Quantitative results showed that variability of the QRST areas over all activation orders was consistently less than those of either QRS or ST-T. The factor responsible for the QRS deflection is ventricular activation sequence while those responsible for the ST T deflection are both activation sequence and ventricular recovery properties. Since the total QRST deflection area was largely independent of activation sequence it is likely the quantity is an index of ventricular recovery properties. The significance of this relation is that QRST deflection area may permit evaluation of intrinsic ventricular recovery properties in the presence of abnormal ventricular activation as occurs with intraventricular conduction disorders and ectopic origin of excitation. Evaluation of intrinsic ventricular recovery properties may also permit recognition of states at risk of ventricular arrhythmias due to increased disparity of these properties. PMID- 7214396 TI - A differential inotropic responsiveness to isoprenaline and ouabain in dogs with heart failure. AB - We have previously shown that volume overload heart failure is associated with a depressed inotropic response to isoprenaline, noradrenaline, glucagon, and calcium. In these present experiments, the inotropic response of the failing heart to ouabain was examined because ouabain has a mechanism of action that is different from these other agents. The studies were conducted in dogs with heart failure resulting from an aortocaval fistula. The principal finding was that during heart failure the inotropic response to isoprenaline was markedly depressed while the inotropic response to ouabain was unaltered. These findings, coupled with our previous observations, suggest that heart failure is not associated with some common defect in the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism that reduces the response to inotropic agents. Additionally, we made the first measurements of plasma noradrenaline levels in this model of heart failure and found them to be elevated four-fold. PMID- 7214397 TI - Furosemide-induced thiamine deficiency. AB - Male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups: group 1, thiamine sufficient diet (control); group 2, thiamine sufficient diet with intraperitoneal administration of furosemide (20 mg . kg-1 of body weight); group 3, thiamine deficient diet; group 4, thiamine deficient diet within tra-peritoneal administration of furosemide. After 4 weeks, the rats were killed and the thiamine levels and activity of transketolase were assayed. Thiamine concentration and transketolase activity were significantly decreased and thiamine pyrophosphate effect was significantly increased in the blood, and various tissues in group 2 and 4 compared with group 1 and 3, respectively. The intraperitoneal administration of various concentrations of furosemide (20 mg, 10 mg, and 2 mg . kg-1 of body weight) resulted in a significant increase in urinary thiamine excretion. Thus, it is assumed that long-term administration of furosemide could induce a thiamine deficiency. PMID- 7214398 TI - Mechanisms of tachycardia on standing: studies in normal individuals and in chronic Chagas' heart patients. AB - The reflex tachycardia induced by change from the supine position to a 70 degree head-up tilt was studied in conscious normal individuals and in patients with chronic Chagas' heart disease, known to constitute a model of parasympathetic denervation of the sinus node, in the absence of cardiac failure. Chagas' patients showed markedly decreased heart rate responses during the initial 10 s following tilt to upright posture. A similar response was obtained in normals after parasympathetic blockade with atropine. beta-Adrenergic blockade failed to produce a significant effect on the initial heart rate response of normals, but heart rate increment, at 1 and 5 min of tilt, was significantly reduced in normals and abolished in patients. These results indicate a biphasic mode of tachycardia elicited by the upright posture; initially it depends on parasympathetic withdrawal, sympathetic stimulation becoming the predominant mechanism when stabilisation is attained in the orthostatic position. PMID- 7214399 TI - Spontaneous monocyte-lymphocytes rosettes in normal human blood. PMID- 7214400 TI - Isolation and characterization of anthranilate-excreting mutants of Hansenula henricii. PMID- 7214401 TI - Evaluation of the tridensitometric quantification of cellular dehydrogenase with a polyacrylamide gel film technique. PMID- 7214403 TI - Structure, histochemistry and effect of stress on the epidermis of Ophisurus serpens (L.) (Teleostei: Ophichthidae). PMID- 7214402 TI - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase and DNA synthesis after liver injury. PMID- 7214404 TI - [Long-term and immediate results of surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214405 TI - [The results of surgical treatment of pulmonary cancer for 15 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214406 TI - [The causes of delayed admission of patients with pulmonary cancer to surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214407 TI - [Pulmonary embolism in the material of the Surgical Clinic of the Faculty of Medical Hygiene of Charles University in Prague 10 in 1968-1977 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214408 TI - [The concept and changes of intense surgical care (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214409 TI - [Computerized renal tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214410 TI - [Liver tissue in omphalocele (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214411 TI - [Spa treatment--an integral part of the therapeutic and preventive care of our socialist health care system]. PMID- 7214412 TI - [Cardiovascular disease mortality and its changes in the 1968-1977 period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214413 TI - [Scintiscan detection of ischaemic and other myocardial lesions using 201T1 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214414 TI - [Early exercise tests in patients after acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214416 TI - [The integration of medical science and dialectical materialism]. PMID- 7214415 TI - [Experience of a neurological intensive care unit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214419 TI - [Prerequisites for intervention in type A behavior in the prevention of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7214418 TI - [Analysis of factors associated with cardiovascular mortality in patients listed in the group of secondary prevention of myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214421 TI - [Activities of the Scientific Council of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Health during 1980]. PMID- 7214422 TI - [Departmental plan for research at the Czechoslovak Ministry of Health and Education for 1981 to 1985]. PMID- 7214417 TI - [Some atherosclerotic risk factors in schoolchildren (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214420 TI - [Effect of late administration of adenosintriphosphate on rat myocardium affected by isoprenaline-induced changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214423 TI - [Medical problems in the State plan for basic research for 1981 to 1985]. PMID- 7214424 TI - [Organization of oncological research in the 7th 5-year plan in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7214426 TI - [Proposal of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in serious chest injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214428 TI - [Nomenclature for cell, tissue and organ culture of vertebrates]. PMID- 7214427 TI - [Czech anatomic nomenclature in contemporary medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214429 TI - [The 1st decade of the pharmacy school of Charles University]. PMID- 7214425 TI - [New Czechoslovak nutritional requirement recommendations]. PMID- 7214430 TI - [Denervation and reinnervation changes in neurogenic muscle diseases. A comparison of possibilities offered by clinical, electromyographical and bioptic diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214431 TI - [The lumboischiadic syndrome. A comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment]. PMID- 7214432 TI - [Type A behavior and the occurrence of coronary disease]. PMID- 7214433 TI - [A proposal for anti-tetanus immunization inspection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214434 TI - [Twenty seven years of expert opinions in immunohaematology in Plzen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214435 TI - [Antibody anti-Kell (K1). An analysis of two post-transfusion haemolytic reactions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214436 TI - [Trends in the development of biomedical applications of chromatography]. PMID- 7214437 TI - [Elasticity of lower extremity arteries in young hypertensives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214438 TI - [Detection of deep venous thrombosis using 125I-fibrinogen]. PMID- 7214439 TI - [Can anorexia nervosa be told from Bartter's syndrome?]. PMID- 7214440 TI - [Rehabilitation in geriatric psychiatry]. PMID- 7214441 TI - [Cryosurgery as an application of low temperatures]. PMID- 7214442 TI - [Tuberculosis control and its perspectives in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7214443 TI - [Virus hepatitis in the elderly (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214444 TI - [Principles of economic calculation in biochemical tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214446 TI - [Formation of terms using the suffix, -itis]. PMID- 7214445 TI - [Incubation temperature and individually different lymphocyte reactivity--factors influencing the results of the microlymphocytotoxic test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214450 TI - [Short-term submaximum work and its effect on plasma noradrenaline levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214447 TI - [Pharmacology of collagen]. PMID- 7214449 TI - [Treatment room air temperature and its effects on spiroergometric test results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214448 TI - [Acute scurvy in guinea-pigs. Effect on ceruloplasmin and cytochrome P 450 and b5 levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214451 TI - [A comparison of hypertensive and dialyzed persons response to physical exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214452 TI - [Retinal electric activity after two years of haemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214454 TI - [Requirements of health care technology]. PMID- 7214453 TI - [RIA-Test-T 4 set (URVJT-Kosice) and its potential use in congenital hypothyroidism screening (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214455 TI - [Endocrinological follow-up after surgery in the pituitary area]. PMID- 7214456 TI - [Cerebral emergencies and solar activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214457 TI - [Our experience with the uses of the monosynaptic (Hoffman's) reflex in paediatric neurology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214458 TI - [HDL-cholesterol in hyperlipidemics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214460 TI - [Long-range development in a patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214459 TI - [Immunoglobulins G, A, M and serum albumins in patients with teniarhynchosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214462 TI - Distribution of the LETS protein (fibronectin) in rat cerebellum. An in vitro and in vivo developmental study. AB - The distribution of the large, external, transformation-sensitive (LETS; fibronectin) protein was investigated in rat cerebellum, both in vitro and in vivo, by biochemical and immunocytochemical methods. Biochemical analyses indicated that LETS protein is not demonstrable on the surfaces of cerebellar neurons from postnatal rats maintained in cell culture for varying periods of time, but is present on the surfaces of at least some fraction of the total nonneuronal cell population in vitro. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with an anti-LETS antiserum substantiated these observations and further indicated that LETS-bearing cells of cerebellum maintained in vitro are probably of endothelial and fibroblastic origin. The LETS protein is arranged in a reticular network of filaments spanning the surfaces of the cells, and the filaments are often extensively interdigitated with each other. At all stages of development investigated (two days postnatal to adult) LETS antigen was observed in vivo to be primarily localized in the meninges covering the surface of the cerebellum and between folia, and in the walls of blood vessels within the tissue. Neuroblasts and neurons of the external and internal granule layers of the cerebellum, respectively, were negative for the presence of LETS antigen. PMID- 7214461 TI - The occurrence of hydroxyapatite crystals in extracellular matrix vesicles after surgical manipulation of the rabbit knee joint. AB - Free autologous grafts of synovial tissue were transplanted into experimental defects produced in the articular cartilage of rabbit knee joints. The grafted tissue underwent transformation into fibrocartilage. Extracellular matrix vesicles associated with calcified areas were present at the grafted sites. Hydroxyapatite crystals were found within these vesicles and in their vicinity. No calcification occurred in articular cartilage from sham operated joints in which defects were produced but no grafts made and in normal controls. These tissues showed abundant matrix vesicles devoid of crystalline mineral. A careful study of normal synovial tissue did not reveal matrix vesicles and calcifications. The present observations suggest that matrix vesicles in normal articular cartilage exist in a latent form. Vesicle mineralization following surgical manipulations of the joint is probably a manifestation of the metabolic stage of the tissue. PMID- 7214463 TI - Final stages of erythrophagocytosis in the sheep placenta. AB - In trophoblastic epithelial cells of the sheep placenta the final stages of erythrocyte breakdown within the lysosomal apparatus were studied at the ultrastructural level. As a result of hemoglobin digestion lysosomes containing hemoglobin-derived pigments (HDP) were formed. The HDP-lysosomes were acid phosphatase-positive, highly electron-dense bodies of round to irregular shape containing whorled membranous formations. The accumulation of these lysosomes in epithelial cells led to fusion resulting in the formation of conglomerates. At the end of the gestation period the amount of HDP-lysosomes and their conglomerates markedly increased. In addition to erythrocytes the trophoblastic epithelial cells in the erythrophagocytic regions phagocytosed maternal leukocytes and neighbouring epithelial cells and giant cells. By gradual accumulation of HDP-lysosomes and remnants of phagocytosed cells, highly electron dense acid phosphatase-positive residual bodies of variable appearance were formed within the epithelial cells. At the end of pregnancy the spaces between juxtaposed villi of the trophoblastic epithelium in the erythrophagocytic zones were occluded by apposition of the epithelial cells. In these occluded regions an increase in highly electron-dense large-sized residual bodies (15-22 micrometer of dimension) occurred as a result of multiple cell phagocytosis in combination with fusion. In these residual bodies the numerous incorporated HDP-lysosomes and the remnants of phagocytosed cells could still be recognized. PMID- 7214464 TI - Circadian alterations in tubular structures on the outer mitochondrial membrane of rat hepatocytes. AB - Subcellular structures of hepatocytes were examined at 11.00 h and 23.00 h (light cycle: 06.00 h-18.00 h) in four adult male Wistar rats (AF/Han) per time period. 1. The volume density of mitochondria in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes obtained from peripheral parts of liver lobules shows a statistically significant difference between the two time periods examined. 2. Tubular structures arising from the outer mitochondrial membrane are clearly demonstrated. Their cisternae are continuous with the interspaces between outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. 3. These tubular structures often open directly into the cisternae of rough or smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (rER and sER) and form a "bridge" between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. 4. At 11.00 h, the rER connected with the tubular structures often possesses very few ribosomes; at 23.00 h, the amount of ribosomes on the rER is substantially greater. Furthermore, at 23.00 h ribosomes are also occasionally found on the membranes of the tubular structures. 5. The incidence of tubular structures on the outer membrane of mitochondria varies significantly between the two time periods. 6. The changing pattern of the volume density of mitochondria in the cytoplasm parallels that of the incidence of the tubular structures, i.e., both are high during the active phase and low during the resting phase of the rat. 7. These results suggest that the tubular structures may play an important role in protein transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and in the rearrangement of rER during a 24-h period. PMID- 7214465 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of S-100 protein in the brain of adult rat. An ultrastructural study. AB - The cellular and subcellular distribution of the nervous system-specific S-100 protein has been investigated in the brain of adult rat at the ultrastructural level by the pre-embedding unlabelled antibody PAP method. The protein is found in both fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes and in the ependymal cells. the neurons, the oligodendrocytes as well as the microglial cells are lacking S-100. The labelled cells show a reaction product diffusely distributed in the cytoplasmic matrix and on specialized membranes, namely plasma membranes, outer mitochondrial membranes and membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The astrocytic filaments and the axonemes of the ependymal cilia exhibit a strong immunoreactivity. The reaction product is also present in the nucleoplasm of the astrocytes and ependymal cells but it is absent from the nucleolus and nuclear envelope. This immunocytochemical data on tissue with satisfactory ultrastructural preservation, provides new information on the localization of the S-100 protein, and could contribute to the understanding of the biological role of the protein. PMID- 7214466 TI - Lanthanum and freeze fracture studies on the retinular cell junction in the compound eye of the housefly. AB - The retinular (R) cell junction between adjacent photoreceptor cells in the house fly ommatidium was characterized by freeze fracture, thin section and tracer (lanthanum) studies. Focal tight junctions occur between cells, and some P face ridge-E face groove correspondences are present in this intramembranal area. When colloidal lanthanum was introduced into the extracellular space (ECS) of the peripheral retina of the housefly, this electron-dense tracer moved from the ECS (extra-ommatidial space), through the R-cell junctions and belt desmosomes, into the ommatidial cavity (OC = intrarhabdomal space) of each ommatidium. In the OC, lanthanum outlined a meshwork structure that pervaded this space. The evidence of this tracer movement suggests that there may be ionic continuity between the "traditional" ECS and the fluid bathing the individual rhabdomeres. The volume of the OC is calculated and we suggest that this space is part of the ECS. The functional implications of this postulate are considered in the light of: (1) the different functions of the peripheral and central cells; (2) the dissimilarity of rhabdomal membrane surface facing the OC compared to the "unmodified" plasma membrane of the photoreceptor cell facing the extra-ommatidial cavity; (3) the permeability properties of the R cell junction; and (4) the total ECS containing an ion store capable of sustaining current for the generator potential. PMID- 7214467 TI - Ultrastructural observations on the mechanism of secretion in the rat parathyroid after fluoride ingestion. AB - The secretory mechanism of the parathyroid glands of fluoride-treated rats is evaluated ultrastructurally and compared to that of control rats. The principal difference between the two groups of rats concerns the rate of activity of the chief cells of the gland. In the control animals, these cells are predominantly inactive. In the fluoride-treated rats, they exhibit a more active stage of the secretory cycle. The active chief cells in rats treated with fluoride contain increased numbers of secretory granules. These granules are released into the perivascular spaces within cytoplasmic projections suggesting an apocrine-like mechanism for the secretion of parathyroid hormone. Secretory granules are observed free in the perivascular spaces and within the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells in the parathyroid glands. PMID- 7214468 TI - The hypothalamic-hypophyseal system and its evolutionary aspects in Scyliorhinus caniculus. AB - The peptidergic nature of most of the fibres of the neurosecretory system of Scyliorhinus caniculus has been demonstrated with the oxidation method of Naumann and Sterba (1976). Some of the fibres of this peptidergic system terminate on capillaries in the hypothalamic floor, some on neurointermediate cells. The evolutionary aspects of these observations are discussed. PMID- 7214469 TI - Identification and morphometric evaluation of the synapses of optic nerve afferents in the optic tectum of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). AB - Ther terminals of retinal afferents in the tectum of the axolotl have been identified ultrastructurally using techniques of horseradish peroxidase-filling and degeneration. The mitochondria in filled structures show a characteristic electron-lucent matrix. After both eyes have been removed, terminals with light mitochondria disappear from the area known to receive an optic input. In this area the presence of light mitochondria is almost always diagnostic of the retinal origin of a bouton. The synapses are similar to those assumed to be of retinal origin in other vertebrates. Detailed morphometric analysis has been carried out on identified optic synapses in the optic tectum of the axolotl. PMID- 7214470 TI - Seasonal changes in ultrastructure of brown adipose tissue in the common shrew (Sorex araneus l.). AB - Seasonal changes have been detected in the ultrastructure of brown adipose tissue (BAT) of the common shrew, Sorex araneus (a true nonhibernator) living under natural conditions and collected at the time when the most representative growth phase of the animal for the given season could be expected. In summer and autumn, BAT is characterized by the presence of large, regular, spherical lipid droplets and mitochondria closely adhering to one another. During winter, mitochondria possess densely packed cristae and are dispersed in the cytoplasm, sometimes invaginating into lipid droplets; the latter are diminished and often irregular in contour. The BAT in winter specimens is distinguished also by a large amount of blood capillaries penetrating the tissue. In spring, mitochondria of BAT are found more frequently adhering to each other, and are characterized by loosely arranged cristae. In addition to the spherical lipid droplets, agglomerations of lipid material may be found in the cytoplasm. The observed seasonal fluctuations in the ultrastructure of BAT in the shrew correspond to the metabolic rhythm of this animal. The latter point is discussed. PMID- 7214471 TI - In vitro binding of 125I-HCG to the rat ovary from birth to puberty. AB - Neither homogenates nor frozen ovarian sections of rats aged 1, 5 and 7 days demonstrated specific binding of 125I-HCG. However, from day 10 to day 35, the homogenates could bind specifically, with an equilibrium association constant in the range of 0.9-2.7 x 10(10) M-1. The binding capacity increased from 5.8 fmol/mg tissue at day 10 to 15.7 fmol/mg tissue at day 35. As revealed by autoradiograpy, the frozen ovarian sections from 10-day-old rats showed 125I-HCG binding localized over the interstitial and thecal tissues and, in the older age groups, also in the granulosa cells of follicles larger than 500 micrometers in diameter. These results indicate that LH/HCG receptors appear in the rat ovary at the beginning of the second postnatal week, and that the interstitial cells are the main site of action of LH before puberty. PMID- 7214473 TI - The ultrastructure of the innervation of the intestinal wall in the teleosts Myoxocephalus scorpius and Pleuronectes platessa. AB - The innervation of the intestinal wall in the teleosts Myoxocephalus and Pleuronectes was examined electron microscopically. Two classes of axons can be identified. The first, which is in the majority, contains numerous 50-150 nm granular vesicles as well as some 40-50 nm agranular vesicles while the second contains predominantly the 40-50 nm agranular vesicles. Chromate/dichromate staining methods suggest that the first type is aminergic. Both types lie in close association with the perikarya of intrinsic myenteric neurons but only axons containing predominantly agranular vesicles have synaptic membrane specialisations. No axon bundles pass into the longitudinal muscle layer in Myoxocephalus gut and though some do in Pleuronectes, they do not closely approach the smooth muscle cells. Axons containing large granular vesicles lie in intimate contact with the myocytes of the circular muscle layer. Both axon types pass through the submucosa to form a plexus underneath the mucosal epithelium. Varicosities containing agranular or granular vesicles are separated from the epithelial cells by a gap of about 200 nm in which lies a basal lamina. PMID- 7214472 TI - Fine structure and function of interrenal (adrenocortical) cells of dexamethasone treated trout (Salmo fario L.). AB - The ultrastructure of the interrenal (adrenocortical) cells of trout (Salmo fario L.) was studied after dexamethasone treatment. A procedure for identifying and isolating interrenal tissue fragments from the surrounding head kidney tissue prior to their preparation for electron microscopy is described. The peripheral plasma cortisol concentrations were measured in order to evaluate the steroidogenic activity of this tissue. The interrenal cells of control animals contain numerous mitochondria with tubular cristae, and a well developed and highly organized smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The scarcity, or absence, of lipid droplets contrasts markedly with the abundance of SER. Treatment with dexamethasone results in a decrease steroidogenic activity of the interrenal cells, as indicated by the fall in plasma cortisol concentrations. The interrenal cells are small, but still contain numerous mitochondria. The SER is poorly developed, but masses of densely intermeshed smooth cisternae subsist. Lipid droplets do not accumulate in these cells; this peculiarity is discussed in connection with the virtual absence of liposomes in teleost interrenal cells. PMID- 7214474 TI - Bilaterally asymmetrical uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose by the octavo-lateralis complexes in flatfish. AB - [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake by neurons located in the octavolateralis complex of adult flatfish is asymmetrical on the two sides of the brain. It appears that the neuronal activity on the side oriented upward is higher than that on the side of the brain facing downward. This finding may be significant with respect to the mechanisms of metamorphosis of flatfish and may account for the peculiar fact that these animals swim on one body side during adult live. PMID- 7214475 TI - Fine structural indications of an osmoregulatory function of the "gills" in terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscoidea). AB - In all species of Oniscoidea investigated the epithelial cells of the "gills" (= eodopodites of pleopods) show the ultrastructural organization of transporting epithelia. Therefore it is assumed that also in the terrestrial isopods the pleopods are involved in respiration as well as osmoregulation. PMID- 7214476 TI - Permeability of submandibular salivary glands in dogs to blood-borne horseradish peroxidase (HRP). I. Perarterial bolus injection in "resting" glands. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was administered to the submandibular glands of dogs by close-arterial bolus-type injections, and its localisation was examined histochemically by light and electron microscopy. The HRP became widespread in the interstices of the glands and reached many central acinar lumina via scattered localised parts of their "tight" junctional complexes. Reaction product was less often found in the lumina of demilunes, which suggested that the intercellular junctions there were less "leaky". HRP was often found in sizeable spaces between myoepithelial cells and the underlying parenchymal cells; such large spaces have not been observed in this situation in other species. The possibility that permeability pathways may arise intermittently at different sites in the adhering mechanisms between the acinar cells is discussed. It is concluded that potential paracellular permeability pathways for macromolecules exist in these glands and, if the concentration gradient is sufficiently high, molecules even as large as those of HRP can to some extent permeate passively from the interstices to the saliva. In "resting" glands the principal permeability site is between the central acinar cells. PMID- 7214477 TI - The structure of bimodal chemo-, thermo-, and hygroreceptive sensilla on the antenna of Locusta migratoria. AB - Coeloconic sensilla on the antenna of Locusta migratoria were investigated electrophysiologically, labeled and then examined under the scanning or transmission electron microscope. They can be categorized into two main morphological types: 1) sensilla with wall pores and two concentric cuticular walls (wp-dw sensilla), and 2) sensilla lacking wall pores (np-sensilla). Hygroreceptors were observed only in np-sensilla. Olfactory receptors were observed in wp-dw sensilla, but not in np-sensilla. Cold-sensitive units were fund in both types. Wp-dw sensilla with a cold-sensitive unit also manifest a fatty acid olfactory receptor. This cold-sensitive unit appears to be less sensitive to drops in temperature than the cold receptor combined with hygroreceptors in np-sensilla. Recordings from both types revealed up to three or sometimes four units that could be distinguished on the basis of impulse amplitude. The number of np-sensilla on each antennal segment ranges from 0 to 6. These sensilla are pegs 4--5 micrometer long with a terminal swelling. The dendritic outer segments of two sensory cells fit tightly into these pegs. The dendrite of the third sensory cell ends at its base. All three are up to 1 micrometer thick, unbranched, and densely filled with microtubules. The cuticular wall and socket of the peg are characterized by (1) an electron-dense inner layer surrounding the dendrites and continuous with electron dense clusters at the base of the peg, and (2) clefts in the cuticle at the insertion of the peg. The present observations favor the hypothesis that insect sensilla combining the triad of moist air, dry air and cold receptors generally lack pores. Specifically, though still alternative roles in stimulus transduction can be suggested for substructures demonstrated in the present and previous electron microscopic investigations. PMID- 7214479 TI - Input and output synapses on identified motor neurones of a locust revealed by the intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. AB - Physiologically characterised motor neurones in the thoracic ganglia of the locus were injected with horseradish peroxidase in order that the spatial relationship between their input and output synapses could be observed with the electron microscope. A modification in the development procedure for the peroxidase ensured that the internal fine structure of the stained neurones was not obscured by the diaminobenzidine reaction product. Input and output synapses may occur within 1 micrometer of each other on the neuropilar processes of the motor neurones. This supports physiological evidence that motor neurones may be involved in local circuit interactions within the thoracic ganglia. PMID- 7214478 TI - The distribution of orthogonal arrays and their relationship to intercellular junctions in neuroglia of the freeze-fractured hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. AB - Using freeze-fracture techniques, we have investigated membrane specializations of the glia associated with the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the rat. In the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei, astrocytes in areas of high neuronal density (i.e., magnocellular regions) display orthogonal arrays of 6--7 nm particles solely near gap junctions, while astrocytes in areas of lower neuronal density (i.e., parvocellular regions), contain additional arrays in membranes not displaying gap junctions. Arrays are especially numerous on astrocytic perivascular end-feet in both nuclei and in the laminations of the pial-glial limitans ventral to the SON. Ependymal cells near the PVN show arrays both on their lateral surfaces (displaying gap junctions) and on their apical surfaces (facing the CSF). Tight junctions are not noted on astrocytes or ependymal cells, but are noted on both the somas and myelin lamellae of oligodendroglia. Both of these latter membranes occasionally contain gap junctions as well; however, orthogonal arrays are never noted on oligodendroglia. The plasma membranes of pituicytes in the neurohypophysis display gap junctions, complex junctions, and tight junctions. Orthogonal arrays are noted near the first two of these, but not near the last. Arrays in the neutral lobe appear most dense on membranes adjacent to subpial or perivascular spaces. Pituicyte membranes containing orthogonal arrays appear infrequently near the neural stalk, increasing towards the distal end of the neural lobe. The distribution of orthogonal arrays in this system, as well as in other systems in which they have been noted, suggests a polarization of membrane activity. PMID- 7214481 TI - The permeability barrier in the epidermis of the grass snake during the resting stage of the sloughing cycle. AB - Tracer and freeze-fracture replication techniques show that there are two morphologically and topographically distinct permeability barriers in the epidermis of the grass snake. Tight junctions interconnect the apico-lateral plasma membranes of the uppermost living cells, establishing an ionic or osmotic gradient between the stratum germinativum and alpha layer. The second barrier is formed by intercellular lipid sheets in the overlying mesos layer, which are very similar to the barrier found in the stratum corneum of mammals. PMID- 7214480 TI - Differentiation and transdifferentiation of adrenal chromaffin cells of the guinea-pig. I. Transplants to the anterior chamber of the eye. PMID- 7214482 TI - Organization of ascending spinal projections in Caiman crocodilus. AB - Ascending spinal projections in the caiman (Caiman crocodilus) were demonstrated with Nauta and Fink-Heimer methods following hemisections of the third spinal segment in a series of twelve animals. These results were compared with earlier data in the literature obtained from a turtle, a snake, and a lizard using the same experimental and histological procedures. The results show remarkable similarities considering that each species represents a different reptilian order with different evolutionary history and habitat. However, the caiman displays several important peculiarities. Although the dorsal funiculus of the caiman contains the largest number of ascending spinal projections of the four species examined, this funiculus has not differentiated into cuneate and gracile fasciculi as is the case in the tegu lizard. The ventro-lateral ascending spinal projections follow a fundamentally similar general morphologic pattern in the four species with only minor variations. The anatomical arrangement in the caiman and tegu lizard appears most similar in the high cervical and the medullary regions; however, this is not the case in midbrain and thalamic regions where considerably more extensive projections are seen in the caiman. In the caiman an extensive spinal connection to the ventro-lateral nucleus of the dorsal thalamus is present; this connection is reminiscent of the mammalian spinal projection to the ventro-basal complex. The caiman has in common with the other three reptilian species a small projection to another dorsal thalamic region that is apparently homologous to the mammalian intralaminar nuclei, which are the destination of the mammalian paleospinothalamic tract. PMID- 7214484 TI - Effect of disulfiram on the ultrastructure of the peptidergic and aminergic cells in the pars intercerebralis of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera). AB - Injection of disulfiram, a specific inhibitor of noradrenaline synthesis, evokes changes in two different types of neurons in the brain of Galleria mellonella: neurones containing dense-core vesicles (60-80 nm) and peptidergic cells containing 180-200 nm neurosecretory granules. The lowering of the electron density of the dense-core vesicles of 60-80 nm seems to be directly connected with disulfiram administration, while the decrease of the amount of neurosecretory material in the neurosecretory cells of type I seems to be a secondary effect of the drug injection. The participation of noradrenaline in the regulation of the secretory activity of type I peptidergic neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis is postulated. PMID- 7214485 TI - The relationship between the nuage and the chromatid body during spermatogenesis in the rat. AB - Cytoplasmic structures ultrastructurally similar to the nuage are present in the cytoplasm of all spermatogenic cells in adult rats. The nuage is a discrete organelle which should not be confused with the chromatoid body. In step 7-8 spermatids transient contact is established between the nuage by the chromatoid body. This indicates a very specific recognition of the nuage by the chromatoid body. It is suggested that the nuage and the chromatoid body are separate cell organelles the functions of which are somehow related to each other. PMID- 7214483 TI - The development of the stomach in clarias lazera and the intestinal absorption of protein macromolecules. AB - The development of the stomach of the teleost, Clarias lazera, during the early posthatching period, is described, and the developing stomach is compared with that of adult Clarias. The stomach develops in two distinct parts: the corpus, which differentiates first, and the pylorus. The corpus contains a mucous surface epithelium, arranged in folds, and a tubular gland system containing only one type of gland cell, to which the secretion of pepsinogen and HCl is attributed. The pyloric region does not contain tubular glands. From the ultrastructure of the gland cells, the 3H-thymidine labeling index, and the onset of acid production (as determined with pH indicators) it is concluded that a functional stomach is present in juveniles with a standard length of +/- 11 mm (approximately 12 days after fertilization at 23-24 degrees C). The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium has also been studied. The intestine consists of three segments, similar to those described for stomachless teleosts and a number of fish larvae. In larvae as well as in juveniles, the enterocytes of the second segment show pinocytosis of horseradish peroxidase, although in the juveniles the stomach has already developed. This second segment has the same relative length in all studied larvae and juveniles and is also present in adult Clarias. It is therefore concluded that the capacity to absorb protein macromolecules is not specifically related to the absence of a functional stomach in this teleost species. PMID- 7214486 TI - Ultrastructural studies on oogenesis in symphyla. II. Cortical granules and the chorion. AB - In the oocytes of Hanseniella nivea, cortical granules are formed in the peripheral ooplasm during late stages of oogenesis. Single Golgi elements are involved in the process. Concurrent with the formation of cortical granules is the appearance of a chorion on the oocyte surface. Precursors of this envelope are most likely synthesized by follicle cells. PMID- 7214487 TI - Ontogeny of lymphatic structures in the pig omentum. AB - The development of lymphoid populations in the omentum majus during the prenatal and postnatal life of the pig was studied. T lymphocytes, monocytes and mast cells were first found on the 40th day of gestation. B lymphocytes appeared on the 72nd day of gestation when the first macrophage aggregates were formed. Macrophages appeared to be the prerequisite for the formation of dense lymphatic areas (DLA's). At later stages T cells were observed only in the omentum of germfree pigs. DLA's of conventional pig omentum are filled exclusively with B cells. PMID- 7214488 TI - The first optic ganglion of the bee. IV. Synaptic fine structure and connectivity patterns of receptor cell axons and first order interneurones. AB - The synaptic relationships between and within receptor-cell axons (RCAs), first order interneurones (L-fibres) and accessory fibres (acc) in the first optic ganglion (the lamina) of the worker bee were studied in serial sections with Golgi-EM and routine transmission electron microscopy. The ommatidium contains nine retinular (photoreceptor) cells all of which project as RCAs to a single optical cartridge in the lamina. Six of the RCAs end as short visual fibres (svf) in the lamina, while the remaining three, the so-called long visual fibres (lvf), pass the lamina and end in the second optic ganglion, the medulla. In addition to the RCAs and an unknown number of accessory fibres, the cartridge also contains four L-fibres (L1--4). The spatial arrangement of the RCAs and L-fibres within a cartridge is constant throughout the depth of the lamina. Serial sections reveal a great number of chemical synapses interconnecting RCAs, L-and ace fibres. Double T-shaped presynaptic dense projections are surrounded and in close association with either spherical or flattened synaptic vesicles. The finding of gap junctions between and within identified RCAs and L-fibres suggest that these axons may be electronically coupled. A model for information processing in the lamina of the bee is suggested from observations of synaptic connectivity between and within fibres of one cartridge. PMID- 7214489 TI - Intraepithelial blood vessels in the vomeronasal neuroepithelium of the rat. A light and electron microscopic study. AB - Epithelial-vascular relationships are established during the development of the vomeronasal neuroepithelium of the rat. Special attention is given to the fine structure of the endothelial wall of intra-epithelial vessels, to ultrastructural aspects of the neuronal-vascular relationships, and to the appearance of inclusion bodies in the neuronal cells adjacent to these vessels. The neuronal perikarya surrounding the blood vessels are filled with highly developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Possible functional implications of the vascularization of the neuroepithelium of the vomeronasal organ in mediating olfacto-endocrine relationship are discussed. It is suggested that the intra-epithelial blood vessels are at least supportive and nutritive in nature, while their implication in an olfacto-endocrine connection remains obscure. PMID- 7214490 TI - Synaptic ribbons in the pineal organ of the goldfish: circadian rhythmicity and the effects of constant light and constant darkness. AB - Synaptic ribbons in photoreceptor cells of the goldfish pineal organ undergo significant daily changes in their length, distance from the plasma membrane, and number per unit area of pineal end-vesicle. The rhythms persist in fish exposed to constant darkness. Constant light abolishes the rhythms in length and distance of synaptic ribbons from the plasmalemma, but has little effect on numerical changes over a 24-h cycle. These findings suggest that synaptic ribbons in the pineal organ of lower vertebrates might be useful as indicators of metabolic activity. PMID- 7214491 TI - Localization of 3H-dihydrotestosterone in the pituitary gland of the rhesus monkey. AB - The uptake and retention of radiolabelled dihydrotestosterone by the pituitary gland was examined in the rhesus monkey. Two animals were given an intravenous injection of 1.0 microgram/kg 3H-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) alone while one monkey received both the labelled androgen and 100 micrograms/kg of unlabelled steroid. One and a half hours later, they were sacrificed. The pituitary glands were removed and processed for autoradiography and immunocytochemistry. Autoradiographic localization of DHT was discernible in the partes nervosa, intermedia and distalis, albeit the highest concentration of radiolabelled cells was noted in the pars distalis. Immunocytochemical staining with antibodies to rat PRL, human TSH beta and ovine LH beta revealed a population of steroid concentrating cells that contained TSH and a second group that contained LH. None of the cells that reacted with the anti-PRL serum were radiolabelled. PMID- 7214492 TI - The anatomy of neurons projecting to the corpus cardiacum from the larval brain of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.). AB - Retrograde cobalt filling followed by silver intensification revealed new features of the anatomy of neurons which project from the brain to the corpus cardiacum (CC) of the fifth instar larva of Manduca sexta. Filling via the fused nervi corporis cardiaci (NCC) I + II demonstrated four groups of cell bodies (Ia, Ib, II, and III) previously described by Nijhout (1975), plus three major axonal tracts (A, B, and C), and four previously unobserved areas of dendritic branching, dendritic fields (DF) 1, 2, 3, and 4. Tract C is unusual in that it originates from cell bodies on the side contralateral to the filled nerve, travels ventrally and crosses over to the ipsilateral side where it turns dorsally, forming a hook in the center of the brain. It then turns ventrally again to join with tract A. DF 1 and 2 are located ventrally on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the brain respectively. DF3 and 4 are situated in the dorsal protocerebrum, on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides respectively. Fills via the NCC III revealed one cell group (IV) and a fifth dendritic field (DF 5). Simultaneous fills of both the fused NCC I + II and the NCC III showed an overlapping of DF 1 and 5, indicating the possibility of synaptic connections between these two fields. PMID- 7214494 TI - An analysis of the integrity of the brachial motor unit in the dystrophic chick embryo. AB - In New Hampshire chickens, the primary clinical symptom of dystrophy is limitation of wing motility. Examination of the brachial-level motor unit in chick embryos homozygous for dystrophy reveals abnormalities in both muscular and neural components. Wing motility in these embryos is abnormal as early as six days, and there is a corresponding lack of differentiation of the pectoralis major muscle. The findings suggest that delayed development of brachial-level neuronal pathways is responsible for the decreased wing motility and early degeneration of the pectoral muscle. PMID- 7214493 TI - The rat pituitary cleft: a correlated study by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 7214496 TI - Postembryonic development of the antennal lobes in Periplaneta americana L. AB - The postembryonic development of the antennal lobes of Periplaneta americana L. was examined with light- and electron-microscopical methods. There is no difference in the number of glomeruli and neurons in the antennal lobes of larval and adult animals. At hatching, the first larva already possesses the adult number of approximately 125 glomeruli and 500 to 560 deutocerebral neurons in the dorsolateral cell group of each antennal lobe. During postembryonic development the volume of the deutocerebral neurons increases three- to fourfold. The glomeruli of the first larva have about 7% of the volume of the corresponding adult glomeruli. Since number, pattern, and size ratio of glomeruli (with the exception of the macroglomerulus) are constant in all larval stages and adult animals, it is possible to identify individual glomeruli. During the whole postembryonic development the ordinary glomeruli show a continuous volume increase, which parallels the increase in antennal sensory input. The macroglomerulus develops by way of special growth of two to four neuropil units, but not before the last three to four larval stages and only in males. Its growth precedes the formation of antennal pheromone receptors during the final molt; these receptors are known to project into the macroglomerulus. The development of the macroglomerulus in the last larval stages of the male may be caused by a genetically fixed growth program of specific deutocerebral neurons. PMID- 7214498 TI - Fine structure of the ommatidia and the occurrence of rhabdomeric twist in the dorsal eye of male Bibio marci (Diptera, Nematocera, Bibionidae). AB - The ommatidia in the dorsal eye of male Bibio marci (March flies) are comprised of eight retinula cells (R 1--8). In the distal region, the open rhabdomeres of retinula cells 1--6 are arranged in a symmetrically circular pattern with their microvilli directed radially. Immediately beneath the crystalline cone, cell 7 forms a rhabdomere that is about 1 micrometer long and lies in the center of the circle formed by the rhabdomeres of cells 1--6. For the remaining length of an ommatidium it is replaced by the rhabdomere of retinula cell 8. The cell body of this retinula cell almost encloses its own rhabdomere by forming a deep invagination. Consequently, no ommatidial cavity is present. In the left eye rhabdomeres R 3, 5 and 6 first twist clockwise along their longitudinal axes, while rhabdomeres R 1, 2, 4 and 8 twist counterclockwise. Opposite twisting is observed in the right eye. The twist rate varies along the length of the rhabdomeres. In a middle region of 60 micrometers, within which the direction of twist does not change, the maximal twist rates are approximately 2 degrees--5 degrees/micrometers in R 1--6 and even higher in R 8. In a proximal region, the direction of twist is reversed, but the initial orientation of the microvilli not reestablished. Both the cross-sectional shape of the rhabdomeres and their geometric arrangement in the retinula change along with the twisting. It is substantiated that the rhabdomeric twist is not due to artifactual deformation. PMID- 7214495 TI - Freeze-fracture, ultrastructural and autoradiographic analysis of the ventral prostate glands in castrated mice. AB - Ultrastructure of the ventral prostate glands was studied in mice castrated for 1 through 60 days and for 11 and 17 months and in age-matched normals. We have described freeze-fracture and ultrastructural characteristics of acinar epithelial cells in addition to the patterns of thymidine incorporation in the cells of castrates and normal animals. Our study has shown a biphasic pattern of prostatic involution in the long-term castrated mice. In castrates the initial atrophy of prostate glands occurred by sloughing of the apical portions of columnar cells, autophagia of the cytoplasmic organelles as well as by occasional sloughing of the individual cells into the acinar lumen. Concurrent with the initial atrophy, the glands and stroma were infiltrated by neutrophils and lymphocytes. The cell loss by sloughing and leucocyte infiltration of glands became infrequent in 7- to 21-day castrates. However, the cell loss by sloughing increased secondarily in mice castrated for 21 to 37 days along with the increased leucocyte infiltration of the glands. The cell loss became minimal in castrates of 60 days and beyond. Our evidence suggests that the cell loss by sloughing was an active process in the involution of prostate glands which also showed differential sensitivity to castration stimuli in mice. PMID- 7214497 TI - Terminal distribution of retinal fibers in the tegu lizard (Tupinambis nigropunctatus). AB - The retinal projections in the tegu lizard were traced using degeneration-silver methods. Bilateral projections were found to the dorsolateral geniculate and the posterodorsal nuclei. Unilateral, crossed projections were traced to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the ventrolateral geniculate nucleus, the mesencephalic lentiform nucleus, nucleus geniculatus praetectalis, the ectomammillary nucleus, and the optic tectum. Some of these connections are distinctly different from those reported in other reptiles and suggest that important interspecific variations occur among reptiles. PMID- 7214499 TI - Interrelations between neural elements and tanycytes during the perinatal period of the rat. AB - The present study has utilized a correlative scanning-transmission electron microscopic technique to examine interrelations between neural elements and differentiated tanycytes and to identify supraependymal cells in the ventral region of the 3rd ventricle during the perinatal period in the rat. From the 18th day of fetal life monoaminergic and/or peptidergic axons penetrate into the ventricle between the tanycytes. After birth, they form an extensive network covering the surface of the infundibular recess. The axons possess morphological characteristics suggestive of neurohormone secretion. From the 20th day of prenatal life subependymal axons begin to "innervate" the tanycytes. Supraependymal cells differ in their shape and ultrastructure, but all of them bear resemblance to macrophages, as they contain numerous lysosomes and phagosome like bodies. PMID- 7214500 TI - Ultrastructural morphometry of blastogenesis. II. Stimulated lymphocytes, the progeny of blast cells induced in vivo with DNCB. AB - As a companion to an earlier study, the morphometric attributes of stimulated (blast-derived) lymphocytes in mouse axillary lymph nodes have been established using stereological and autoradiographic methods. Blast transformation was induced in vivo with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and stimulated cells were labelled with tritiated thymidine. Random samples of cells were taken for light and electron microscopic morphometry. In comparison to the unstimulated lymphocyte, the stimulated cell increased in size and possessed a greater plasma membrane surface area. Increase in cell size was the result of increases in the volumes of all measured subcellular compartments both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Heterogeneity of the stimulated cell population precludes firm conclusions regarding the significance of all these ultrastructural changes, though alterations in cell surface are discussed in the context of known biochemical differences accompanying blastogenesis. PMID- 7214501 TI - Ultrastructure of the lateral-line sense organs of the ratfish, Chimaera monstrosa. AB - The ultrastructure of the lateral-line neuromasts in the ratfish, Chimaera monstrosa is described. The neuromasts rest at the bottom of open grooves and consist of sensory, supporting, basal and mantle cells. Each sensory cell is equipped with sensory hairs consisting of a single kinocilium and several stereocilia. There are several types of sensory hair arrangement, and cells with a particular arrangement from patches within the neuromast. There are two types of afferent synapse. The most common afferent synapse has a presynaptic body and is typically associated with an extensive system of anastomosing tubules on the presynaptic side. When the tubules are absent, vesicles surround the presynaptic body. These synapses are often associated into synaptic fields, containing up to 35 synaptic sites. The second type of afferent synapse does not have a presynaptic body and is not associated with the tubular system. The afferent synapses of the second type do not form synaptic fields and are uncommon. The afferent synapses are either associated with a postsynaptic sac or more commonly with a strongly osmiophilic postsynaptic membrane. The accessory cells are similar to those in the acoustico-lateralis organs of other aquatic vertebrates. A possibility of movement of the presynaptic bodies and of involvement of the tubular system in the turnover of the transmitter is discussed. A comparison of the hair tuft types in the neuromasts of Ch. monstrosa with those in the labyrinth of the goldfish and of the frog is attempted. PMID- 7214502 TI - A clinico-pathological study of thyroid diseased patients admitted to Mpilo Hospital: a nine year survey. PMID- 7214503 TI - Intestinal anthrax in man: a case report. PMID- 7214504 TI - Urinary calculi in the African and European of Zimbabwe. PMID- 7214506 TI - Unknown medical missionaries. PMID- 7214505 TI - Transient facial nerve palsy in neonates. PMID- 7214507 TI - Dermatological aphorisms. PMID- 7214508 TI - Nhopi?--no thanks! PMID- 7214509 TI - Nhopi in the treatment of kwashiorkor. PMID- 7214510 TI - African customs in relation to preventive medicine. PMID- 7214511 TI - Megaloblastic anaemia with normal mean cell volume. PMID- 7214512 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and pemphigus vulgaris preceded by depressive psychosis. PMID- 7214513 TI - Coronary angiography post first myocardial infarction in the asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patient: clinical, angiographic, and prospective observations. AB - The role of coronary arteriography in the asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic post first myocardial infarction patient is controversial. Thirty-one class 0-1 patients (Canadian Heart Association Grading System) underwent coronary arteriography within six months (mean 67 days) of their first myocardial infarction. Coronary arteriography revealed three-vessel disease in nine (29%), two-vessel disease in ten (32%), single-vessel disease in ten (32%), and normal coronary arteries in two (6%). No patient had left main disease, and two (6%) had left main equivalent disease. In 12 patients with single-vessel disease or normal coronary arteries there were no morbid events over a mean follow-up period of 26 months. In the 19 with multivessel disease, eight (40)% developed a cardiac event during a mean follow-up period of 11.4 months. These included one who elected to undergo immediate aortocoronary bypass surgery, two with unstable angina, three acute myocardial infarctions, and two deaths. Based on these data and review of the literature, a scheme is proposed for the subsequent evaluation and treatment of this patient group. PMID- 7214514 TI - Preliminary experience with reversal of venoatrial flow in the diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation. AB - Present methods of assessing tricuspid regurgitation are often unreliable. We present preliminary data concerning a new angiographic method for identification of tricuspid regurgitation which evaluates direction of flow of contrast media during right ventricular (RV) systole in the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins following right atrial or IVC angiography. Group I consisted of 15 patients who had tricuspid regurgitation by conventional criteria. All 15 patients exhibited reversal of venoatrial flow by right atrial or inferior vena cava angiography. In a control group (group III) of 20 patients who do not have clinical tricuspid regurgitation, one patient demonstrated retrograde flow. Group II consisted of 11 patients with mitral valve disease and mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension. All 11 had no conventional evidence of tricuspid regurgitation; however, all 11 had the pathophysiologic potential for tricuspid regurgitation. Five of 11 had reversal of venoatrial flow during RV systole, suggesting the presence of clinically inapparent tricuspid. In conclusion, preliminary data suggest that angiographic reversal of venoatrial flow may be both sensitive and specific for the presence of tricuspid regurgitation. Further investigation with comparison to RV angiography and real-time echocardiography should be performed. PMID- 7214516 TI - The five-second time-delay relay- an effective method of reducing radiation exposure time. PMID- 7214515 TI - Percutaneous entry of the brachial artery for left heart catheterization using a sheath. AB - Percutaneous entry of the brachial artery using a sheath system has been attempted in 223 patients undergoing left heart catheterization; successfully, in 212. After arterial puncture, a dilator and sheath are passed over a short guidewire. A number 7-80 cm Sones specially stiffened coronary catheter is passed through the sheath, and left heart catheterization is performed in the usual manner. The study can usually be completed with this single catheter. Initial entry, as well as any needed catheter change, is facilitated by the use of an inflatable sphygmomanometer cuff around the upper arm. Ease of manipulation and patient comfort have been satisfactory, and brachial artery spasm has not been encountered. There have been no major complications and a low incidence (approximately 15%) of brachial arterial occlusion. PMID- 7214517 TI - Early experience of transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA) by the brachial artery (the Sones technique in transluminal angioplasty). AB - Sixteen transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures (TCA), eight right coronary artery (RCA) and eight left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), by the brachial artery cut-down approach, were attempted with 9/16 (56%) immediate successes and 2/16(12%) early recurrences. The procedure success rate for RCA obstructive lesions, 6/8 (75%) was greater than for LCA obstructions, 3/8 (38%). In six unsuccessful procedures the balloon catheter could not be advanced into the lesion, and in one unsuccessful procedure dissection of the coronary artery proximal to the lesion occurred. The brachial (Sones) technique for transluminal coronary angioplasty permits the use of softer guiding catheters for selective probing and approach to the coronary lesion but may be more likely to induce coronary spasm. Complete and high-resolution pre TCA angiograms with multiple views to disclose the exact anatomy of the coronary artery and its lesion is essential to ensure successful dilatation. PMID- 7214518 TI - Hemodynamic effects of disopyramide at rest and during exercise in normal subjects. AB - The hemodynamic effects of disopyramide phosphate, 2.0 mg/kg body weight, given intravenously over a period of five minutes were studied at rest and during exercise in ten patients without clinical or angiographic evidence of heart disease. Following disopyramide, the resting cardiac index was lower (4.0 +/- 0.6 vs 4.3 +/- 0.6 liters/min/m2, mean +/- 1 SD,P less than 0.05), while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (16 +/- 4 vs 11 +/- 4 mm Hg, P less than 0.001), pulmonary arterial (PA) mean pressure (20 +/- 5 vs 17 +/- 5 mm Hg, P less than 0.05), and brachial arterial (BA) mean pressure (105 +/- 8 vs 96 +/- 7 mm Hg, P less than 0.05), were higher than the pre-infusion resting values. During exercise, there was no change in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure while cardiac index rose from 4.0 +/- 0.6 to 6.5 +/- 0.6 liters/min/m2 (P less than 0.001) and left ventricular stroke work index increased from 62 +/- 19 to 84 +/- 22 gm/beat/m2 (P less than 0.001). The normal hemodynamic response during exercise after disopyramide despite the apparent depression of left ventricular function at rest probably reflects the positive inotropic effect of enhanced sympathoadrenergic activity. PMID- 7214519 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiographic visualization of abnormal systolic motion of the left ventricle in mitral valve prolapse. AB - In 11 of 34 patients with typical mitral valve prolapse on the M-mode echocardiogram, cross-sectional echocardiography in the apical four-chamber view revealed a characteristic abnormality not previously described. In mid- to late systole the ventricular septum contracted vigorously, forming a bend or sharp convexity toward the left ventricle, while motion of the posterolateral basal left ventricle was diminished and delayed. This finding was not encountered in 35 other patients with innocent systolic murmurs, or in 15 patients with mitral regurgitation of etiologies other than mitral valve prolapse. This abnormal pattern of left ventricular contraction on cross-sectional echocardiography occurred with equal frequency in patients with holosystolic and late-systolic prolapse; it was seen more frequently in patients with severe prolapse than in those with mild to moderate prolapse. PMID- 7214520 TI - Evaluation of thallium-201 imaging in nontransmural ischemia and infarction. AB - To assess the validity of thallium-201 myocardial imaging in the diagnosis of nontransmural ischemia and infarction, the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery was partially occluded for 60 minutes with a balloon-tip catheter in intact anesthetized dogs in a basal state or during atrial pacing. In vivo scintigrams of myocardium were compared with those obtained in the isolated heart and in the incised ventricle spread flat. None of the animals with partial occlusion with or without pacing demonstrated abnormal scintiscans in vivo. Removal of background by isolating the heart increased positive images to 30%; positive images were associated with an isotope count ratio between ischemic and normal muscle of less than 0.67. Removal of superimposed nonischemic muscle in the heart enface increased image detection after pacing to 11 of 15. Since animals with subendocardial scar failed to demonstrate a "cold area" in vivo, unfavorable geometry as well as extent and degree of ischemia appear to be important. Thus, thallium radioactivity in superimposed and adjacent myocardium, as well as background, may limit the detection of nontransmural ischemia and scar. PMID- 7214521 TI - Cimetidine (Tagamet) combined with steroids and H1 antihistamines for the prevention of serious radiographic contrast material reactions. AB - Cimetidine has recently proved useful in the prophylaxis of certain allergic and other histamine-mediated reactions. We have encountered a patient who had a serious cutaneous and respiratory reaction to Renografin-76 during cardiac catheterization. For the four days preceding his second catheterization, the patient was treated with prednisone, 30 mg daily, diphenhydramine, 25 mg orally, three times a day, intravenous diphenhydramine, 25 mg, three times a day, and Solu-Cortef, 500 mg, intravenously, every six hours. Despite this preparation, he developed an intense reaction to Renografin-76, which did not respond to further doses of Solu-Cortef and diphenhydramine in the catheterization laboratory. Cimetidine, 300 mg, in 100 ml of D5W over 15 minutes, rapidly reversed the entire cutaneous and respiratory phenomenon. In the future, strong consideration should be given to using cimetidine, in its intravenous form, as a routine medication in angiographic laboratories where radiographic contrast materials (RCM) are used. It may be helpful as a pretreatment for recognized RCM reactive patients when catheterization is essential. PMID- 7214523 TI - Capping of a phospholipid analog in the plasma membrane of lymphocytes. AB - Lipid vesicles were formed by ultrasonication from N-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl, 1-acyl 2-(N-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole) aminocaproyl phosphatidylethanolamine (Tnp NBD-PE), a fluorescent- and hapten-conjugated phospholipid analog. The vesicles, which were nonfluorescent due to self-quenching, were further characterized by gel filtration chromatography and electron microscopy. Treatment of EL-4 lymphoma cells with these vesicles at 2 degrees C resulted in immediate dequenching of fluorescence due to dilution of the fluorescent lipid in cell membranes. Control experiments showed Tnp-NBD-PE association with cells was predominantly via a lipid transfer mechanism, with little adsorption to intact vesicles. Fluorescence microscopy of the treated cells revealed bright uniform peripheral ring staining with no apparent internal fluorescence as long as the cells were maintained at 2 degrees C. Fluorescence photobleaching recovery measurements showed that the majority (approximately 80%) of the Tnp-NBD-PE was free to diffuse in the plasma membrane of the treated cells and had a diffusion coefficient of approximately 8.5 X 10(-9) cm2/sec. These observations strongly suggest that the exogenously supplied supplied lipid was diluted in the plasma membrane of the EL-4 cells and is initially free to diffuse rapidly in the plane of the membrane consistent with its proper integration in the plasma membrane bilayer. Upon incubation of washed, vesicle-treated cells at 37 degrees C, essentially all the Tnp-NBD-PE became rapidly internalized. However, warming the cells in the presence of bound Tnp antibodies prevented the internalization of the Tnp-NBD-PE and led to the formation of caps. Capping was inhibited by azide and cytochalasin B. These results are discussed in relation to various models for the redistribution of lymphocyte plasma membrane components. PMID- 7214524 TI - Near identity of 3- RNA secondary structure in bromoviruses and cucumber mosaic virus. AB - The 3- terminal sequences of RNAs 1, 2, 3 and 4 from each of the three bromoviruses (brome mosaic, cowpea chlorotic mottle and broad bean mottle viruses) and also from cucumber mosaic virus display interviral sequence similarity in addition to strong intraviral homology. Interviral similarity is much more evident when RNA secondary, rather than primary, structures are compared. The last 190 bases of the various RNAs can fold into strikingly similar, extensively base-paired secondary structures whose common features are supported by RNA structure mapping. The extreme 3' end of each viral RNA can base pair in two distinct configurations. Bromovirus RNA 3s each contain an unusually accessible internal oligo(A) sequence which, in brome mosaic virus at least, is located in the intercistronic noncoding region. Functional implications of these structural features are discussed. PMID- 7214522 TI - Aortic cusp involvement causing severe aortic regurgitation in a case of relapsing polychondritis. AB - A case with relapsing polychondritis is described where primary involvement of the aortic valve cusps produced severe aortic regurgitation requiring valve replacement. An aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending aorta developing later led to disruption of the prosthesis requiring re-operation. Superior vena caval obstruction, an abdominal aortic aneurysm which ruptured and required resection, and obstructive lesions in common iliac arteries, presumably the result of the same process that involved the aorta and the cartilaginous structures, were also seen. PMID- 7214525 TI - The 3' terminus of the large ribosomal subunit ("17S") RNA from hamster mitochondria is ragged and oligoadenylated. AB - The 3'-terminal sequence of the large ribosomal subunit ("17S") RNA of hamster mitochondria has been examined by means of oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis of 3' end-labeled samples. Patterns from partial acid or alkaline hydrolysates indicated marked heterogeneity and suggested an array of termini that included GGUUAOH, AnAOH and AnGOH (where n is about 10). Patterns from samples subjected to exhaustive digestion with ribonucleases T1 plus A, or with each separately, confirmed these inferences, and strikingly demonstrated the existence of oligoadenylated families of 3'-terminal sequences. Under the assumption that the oligoadenylate was added posttranscriptionally, these results indicated that the 3'-terminal transcribed moieties consist of variants of YAGGUUOH. Counting from the last U, we inferred that many such sequences end at U1 and G4, while smaller numbers end at G3 and A5; and that major sites of oligoadenylation occur at U1 and G4, and a minor site occurs at A5. This novel combination of imprecise termination of transcription or "sizing" of transcripts, and variable addition of adenylate residues, is discussed with regard to the mechanism of expression of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes. PMID- 7214527 TI - Enemies within: the genesis of retrovirus oncogenes. PMID- 7214526 TI - Transforming DNA integrates into the host chromosome. AB - A series of rat liver cotransformed cell lines have been constructed containing from 5 to 100 copies of a variant human growth hormone gene. We have used hybridization in situ to demonstrate that most, if not all, cotransformed sequences reside in a chromosome of the host cell. In each of four cell lines examined, hybridization was restricted to a single chromosomal site with no extrachromosomal sites apparent. The site was invariant within each line; however, each line revealed a different site of integration for transforming sequences. In two of the four lines, transforming DNA resided at or near the site of gross chromosomal rearrangements, in one line near an rDNA site, and in one line in the middle of an apparently normal chromosome. Thus, insertion is not restricted to a unique chromosome or chromosomal region. PMID- 7214528 TI - Intranuclear location of the tRNA splicing enzymes. AB - The intracellular location of the enzymes that excise tRNA intervening sequences and subsequently religate the molecular was investigated in Xenopus oocytes. All the splicing activity detected in a whole oocyte was present in the nucleus. By manual separation of the nuclear envelope and the nuclear contents (which form a gel-like structure in the presence of Mg++) it was found that all the activity of both splicing enzymes was located in the nuclear contents and was not associated with the nuclear membrane. PMID- 7214529 TI - Nuclear transplantation in Mus musculus: developmental potential of nuclei from preimplantation embryos. PMID- 7214530 TI - In vitro effect of various mitogens on starfish (Asterias rubens) axial organ cells. PMID- 7214531 TI - Characterization of autologous erythrocyte rosette-forming cells in Minnesota miniature swine. PMID- 7214532 TI - Ability of monovalent cations to replace potassium during stimulation of lymphoid cells. PMID- 7214533 TI - Natural killer cell activity in mouse aggregation chimeras. PMID- 7214534 TI - In vitro activation of tumoricidal properties in rat alveolar macrophages by synthetic muramyl dipeptide encapsulated in liposomes. PMID- 7214535 TI - Capping revisited. II. Low sensitivity to sulfydryl reagents. PMID- 7214536 TI - Human splenic and peripheral blood lymphocyte response to lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 7214538 TI - Effect of immunosuppressive agents on antigen retained in lymphoid follicles and collagenous tissue of immune mice. PMID- 7214537 TI - Polyclonal mitogenesis of human lymphocytes by PWM: two preprogrammed division cycles resulting in cells refractile to further mitogenesis. PMID- 7214539 TI - Graft-versus-host reactivity in F1 hybrid rats after pretreatment with parental strain lymphocytes and anti-lymphocyte serum. PMID- 7214543 TI - Spontaneous cytotoxicity mediated by invertebrate mononuclear cells toward normal and malignant vertebrate targets: inhibition by defined mono- and disaccharides. PMID- 7214540 TI - NK and K cell characteristics of human lymphocytes enriched for subpopulations isolated from NK tumor cell conjugates. PMID- 7214541 TI - Tumor cell killing by freshly isolated peripheral blood monocytes. PMID- 7214542 TI - Low antibody responsiveness to T-dependent antigens in C3H/HeJ mice. PMID- 7214544 TI - Opposite modulation of lymph node cell and spleen cell responses to mitogens by muramyl dipeptide and its desmethyl analog. PMID- 7214545 TI - Cell-mediated hyperacute rejection. II. The early events. PMID- 7214546 TI - Secretory IgA antibodies synergize with IgG in promoting ADCC by human polymorphonuclear cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes. PMID- 7214548 TI - Gap junctions in freeze fracture replicas of rat embryo brains. PMID- 7214547 TI - H-2-linked genetic control of murine cell-mediated lympholysis to autologous cells modified with high and low concentrations of fluorescein isothiocyanate. PMID- 7214549 TI - Heterogenous distribution of potassium and phosphorus in Acanthamoeba castellanii. AB - Using x-ray microanalysis technique the distribution of potassium, phosphorus and sulphur was analysed in Acanthamoeba castellanii cells. Distribution of potassium was nonuniform; the high level of the element was observed in the cortex region of these cells. Distribution of phosphorus was shown to be similar to that of potassium, whereas sulphur was rather uniformly distributed. PMID- 7214550 TI - Morphogenesis in mammary gland cell cultures. Occurrence of tubular structures in combined cultures of fibroblastic and normal epithelial cells. AB - In cultures with a dense confluent layer of fibroblasts mixed with a small population of normal mouse mammary epithelial cells, the latter form tubular structures that can be stimulated to secretion by hormones. PMID- 7214551 TI - A three-dimensional study of organelle interrelationships in regenerating rat liver. 5. Autophagy. AB - ER, mature Golgi, plasma and lysosomal membranes are all able to sequester bits of cytosol and eventually some organelles. These four modes to provide in autophagy are complementary to each other. Apart from the digestion of the sequestered material, the implicated membranes (respectively ER, Golgi, plasma or lysosomal membranes) are partially degraded. This may counterbalance the continuous new formation of these membranes. It is proposed that the thin outer membrane of ER-derived autophagosomes is gradually converted into thick lysosomal membrane through consecutive fusions with different types of Golgi vesicles and with small dense bodies. PMID- 7214552 TI - Protein synthesis during the onset of cell proliferation in root meristems. AB - Dormant meristems of Allium cepa L. root begin to sprout as soon as the water and temperature conditions are right. These cell systems offer many advantages when studying the earliest metabolic events related with the onset of the cell proliferating activity. By electrophoresis in SDS polyacrylamide gels the soluble protein fraction from meristems with increasing imbibition times was analysed. There are qualitative constancy and quantitative differences between electrophoretic patterns from dormancy to steady state conditions. It is suggested that polypeptide 8a, approximately 80,000 daltons in molecular weight, be considered an indicator of proliferative activity in the meristem. PMID- 7214553 TI - [Lerner-Watson's cryoglobulinaemia and benign paraproteinaemia IgM (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214554 TI - [Group hypersensitivity between nitrazine yellow and pellidol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214555 TI - [Dermatoglyphic tests in psoriatics and members of their families (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214556 TI - [Prospects for psoriatic patients treated with methotrexate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214557 TI - [Multiple basalomas of the skin in cryotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214558 TI - [Acute male gonorrhoea and single-dose per os treatment with erythromycin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214559 TI - [Phlebology in the past 30 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214560 TI - [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 7214561 TI - [Effect of a combined geriatric preparation on serum proteins and liver tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214562 TI - [Treatment of hepatic coma]. PMID- 7214563 TI - [Possibility of the proline-rich exorphins biodegradation in the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214565 TI - [Variability in tympanometry values]. PMID- 7214564 TI - [Functional results after tympanoplasty operations at the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic in Bratislava from 1973 to 1978]. PMID- 7214566 TI - [Reliability and validity of slow components of auditory evoked potentials in the determination of auditory perception]. PMID- 7214567 TI - [Middle ear reflexes in the peripheral type of facial nerve paralysis]. PMID- 7214568 TI - [Staffieri's method of laryngectomy (neoglottis phonatoria)]. PMID- 7214569 TI - [Carcinoma of the nasopharynx]. PMID- 7214571 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis with the primary symptom of perceptual hearing loss]. PMID- 7214570 TI - [Dexamethasone nose drops in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis]. PMID- 7214572 TI - [Occurrence of latent antromastoiditis in children]. PMID- 7214573 TI - [Surgical treatment of epistaxis in Osler-Rendu-Weber disease]. PMID- 7214574 TI - [The importance of diagnoses of hospitalized patients in the establishment of work disability indicators in the population]. PMID- 7214575 TI - [Utilization of anticoagulants and venotonics in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7214577 TI - [The centralized services system in the hospital in Most]. PMID- 7214576 TI - [Demographic indicators of the suicide rate in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7214578 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular motion abnormalities. Comparison with angiocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214580 TI - [Comparison of arteriography of the lower extremities with noninvasive angiological methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214579 TI - [Proposal for standardization of a method for examining the arteries of the lower extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214581 TI - [Treatment of serious epistaxes by artificial intraarterial embolization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214582 TI - [Recent diagnostic methods and their use in the identification of intrahepatic bile duct cysts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214583 TI - [Hemophilia and progressive polyarthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214584 TI - [Adamantinoma of long bones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214586 TI - [Cochlear otosclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214587 TI - [Kuntscher's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214585 TI - [Diplomyelia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214588 TI - [Selective catheterization of adrenal venae. Retrograde phlebography and blood sampling (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214589 TI - [Less usual aspects of galactography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214593 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of expansive processes in orbita (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214590 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of abdominal abscesses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214591 TI - [The vascular picture in nodular hyperplasia of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214592 TI - [A contribution to x-ray diagnosis of bezoar in esophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214595 TI - [Evolution of systemic therapy of malignant tumours in the last 25 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214594 TI - [Droplet shield from aluminum sheet (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214596 TI - [Advances in the diagnosis and therapy of testicular germ-cell tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214597 TI - [Automated measurement of relative distribution of depth dose in water phantom (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214598 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of syndromes of adrenal hyperfunction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214599 TI - Shortening of life span caused by administration of 5-bromodeoxyuridine to neonatal rats. AB - Newborn rats and adult animals in which liver cell replication had been induced by partial hepatectomy were injected with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), and were kept without further treatment for the remainder of their life span. No evidence for carcinogenicity of BUdR was obtained, but a dose-dependent shortening of the life span was observed after administration to neonatal animals. PMID- 7214600 TI - Metabolism of a DDT metabolite via a chloroepoxide. AB - The 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene (DDT) metabolic intermediate 1 chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene (DDMU) is partially metabolized in vivo by mice to 2-hydroxy-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (alpha OH-DDA) and other metabolites which are excreted in urine. The subsequent DDT metabolic intermediates 1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDMS) and 1,1-bis(p chlorophenyl)ethene (DDNU) are metabolized to alpha OH-DDA to a much lesser extent. These results imply that DDMU may be metabolized via an alpha chloroepoxide. The authentic DDMU-epoxide, which after oral administration is excreted as alpha OH-DDA, is mutagenic in the Ames assay, and thermally rearranges rapidly to the corresponding alpha-chloroaldehyde, 2,2-bis(p chlorophenyl)-2-chloroacetaldehyde (alpha Cl-DDCHO). As expected alpha Cl-DDCHO yielded the same urinary metabolites as DDMU-epoxide. This suggested metabolic pathway for DDMU via a chloroepoxide intermediate may account for the tumorigenicity of DDT in mice. PMID- 7214601 TI - Interaction of insecticides with human plasma lipoproteins. AB - The binding of chlorinated hydrocarbon, carbamate and organophosphate insecticides to human low density plasma lipoproteins (LDL) and high density plasma lipoproteins (HDL) was studied at pH 7.0 and 16 degrees C and 26 degrees C by equilibrium dialysis, difference spectra and fluorescence. The results suggest interaction to be a partitioning rather than a stoichiometric binding process. Distribution is related to lipid content and composition of the lipoproteins. The K-values vary from 3 x 10(5)M-1 for 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) to less than 10 M-1 for nicotine and aldicarb, and delta G degrees tr is in the range of 7400 cal for DDT to less than 1000 cal for aldicarb and nicotine. The K and delta G degrees tr are inversely related to the water solubility of the insecticides. A significant role of plasma lipoproteins in the transport of slightly water soluble insecticides is suggested. PMID- 7214602 TI - In vivo study on alkylation site in DNA by the bifunctional dianhydrogalactitol. AB - In vivo alkylation of Yoshida sarcoma cell DNA by 3H-labelled 1,2:5,6 dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) yielded N-7 monogalactitylguanines and 1,6-di-(guanin-7 yl)-galactitol, similar to the alkylated products obtained by in vitro reaction of DNA with dianhydrogalactitol in neutral solution. The ratio between monoalkylguanines and diguaninyl product was 2-2.5, slightly increasing with doses. Persistence of alkylated products in DNA was followed in function of time. There was no significant loss of either monoalkylated bases or diguaninyl derivative during the observation period i.e. 7-24 h after treatment. In contrast, the physical measurements of the amount of renaturable DNA showed a rapid opening of cross-links in the same period. Taking the presence of diguaninyl moiety as an indicator of cross-links in DNA, these two latter findings show an apparent contradiction which could be reconciled however by the mechanism proposed by Reid and Walker (Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 179 (1969) 179) for the removal of cross-linkage induced by HN2. Accordingly, one arm of the cross-links is removed, probably enzymically, leaving the DNA non-renaturable, while the other arm of cross-link is still covalently attached to the DNA molecule rendering possible the detection of diguaninyl moiety in DNA at some later time. This concept for the removal of cross-links from DNA seems to be supported by our results too. PMID- 7214603 TI - On interactions of cytostatic benzylidine hydrazines with SH-groups. AB - The cytostatic and mutagenic compound N'-methyl-N'-cyano-(p-chloro)-benzaldehyde hydrazone (CyB4) has been found to be a strong SH-blocking agent since it reacts with the thiol groups of glutathione and of the cell membrane of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (EAC). Furthermore, it decreases the intracellular, non proteinogenic SH(NPSH)-level of tumor cells. CyB4 is not able to alkylate 4-(p nitrobenzyl)-pyridine (NBP) by a nucleophilic substitution reaction, but it could be shown that the reactivity of CyB4 with thiol groups is due to a Michael addition-type reaction of SH-groups with the cyano-group of CyB4. On the other hand, cytostatic beta-chloroethyl hydrazones showed a negligible reactivity against glutathione and led even to an increase of thiol groups, detectable by the 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB)-method, at the cell membrane of EAC when incubated in the presence of beta-chloroethyl hydrazones N-benzylidene-N' methyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl) hydrazine (B1) and N-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-N' methyl-N'-(2-chloroethyl) hydrazine (B2). Therefore, it is concluded that the cytostatic efficiency of CyB4 is due to its SH-blocking while that of the beta chloroethyl hydrazones is due to a rearrangement of the tumor cell membrane, as indicated by the increased level of reactive SH-groups. PMID- 7214604 TI - Characterization of 2,3-bis(chloromethyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone induced mitochondrial swelling. AB - Mitochondrial swelling induced by 2,3-bis(chloromethyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (CMNQ) was found to be a non-energy linked, oxygen and sulfhydryl-dependent, substrate independent, osmotic process, that lack cation specificity. Swelling was inhibited by cysteine and DTNB, and the CMNQ induced swelling resulted in a decrease in mitochondrial reactive sulfhydryl groups; thus, mitochondrial sulfhydryl interaction was mandatory in the CMNQ swelling process. The non enzymatic reaction of CMNQ with cysteine but not cystine resulted in the consumption of oxygen, implicating sulfhydryl redox activity in the swelling process. High level of tocopherol and histidine depressed the CMNQ induced swelling, suggesting that free radicals and singlet oxygen are important in the CMNQ induced swelling process. These findings support the proposition that CMNQ interacts with mitochondrial reductase systems and sulfhydryl groups in such a way as to generate superoxide radical which subsequently may dismute to H2O2 and produce .OH and possibly singlet oxygen. These toxic oxygen species may be responsible for the CMNQ-promoted sulfhydryl depletion and mitochondrial swelling. PMID- 7214606 TI - Syntheses of N-(2-hexahydropyrimidinoethyl)propionanilides. PMID- 7214605 TI - Biochemically active substances from microorganisms. V. Pyrrothines, potent platelet aggregation inhibitors of microbial origin. PMID- 7214608 TI - Amino acids and peptides. XXXI. Phosphorus in organic synthesis. XVIII. Synthesis of porcine motilin by the solid-phase method using diphenyl phosphorazidate(DPPA) and diethyl phosphorocyanidate(DEPC). PMID- 7214607 TI - Syntheses of N-(1-methyl-2-piperazinoethyl)propionanilides and 2-alkoxy-6-[N-[1 methyl-2-(4-phenethylpiperazino)ethyl]-propionamide]benzothiazoles. PMID- 7214611 TI - A statistical method for the determination of serum uric acid. PMID- 7214610 TI - A new method for the determination of serum uric acid by measuring allantoid produced by the action of uricase. PMID- 7214609 TI - Specificity of antisera raised against cortisol-4-bovine serum albumin conjugates in radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7214612 TI - Fluorimetric assay for dopamine beta-hydroxylase in rat plasma. PMID- 7214613 TI - Identification of the decomposition products of hydralazine hydrazones with three endogenous ketones and kinetic study of the formation of 3-methyl-s triazolo[3,4,a]phthalazine from hydralazine and pyruvic acid]. PMID- 7214614 TI - Interactions of Sepharose-bound neurophysin I and II with oxytocin and vasopressin. PMID- 7214615 TI - Chemical modification of glycyrrhetinic acid in relation to the biological activities. PMID- 7214616 TI - A densitometric study of the effects of free fatty acids on the phase transition of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. AB - The technique of scanning densitometry was applied to a study of the effect of fatty acids on the packing and phase transition properties of dimyristolyphosphaticylcholine (DMPC). It was observed that the three fatty acids studied, i.e. palmitic, palmitoleic and behenic, had the effect of broadening the phase transition and increasing the extent of the change in volume which occurs at the phase transition. Palmitic and behenic acids broaden the phase transition toward higher temperatures while palmitoleic broadens it toward lower temperatures. PMID- 7214618 TI - [Unusual effects of epinephrine. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 7214617 TI - [New contact lenses. Precautions to take]. PMID- 7214619 TI - [Vernal conjunctivitis and pathology caused by Chlamydia]. PMID- 7214620 TI - [Anatomo-clinical forms of allergo-immunologic keratitis]. PMID- 7214621 TI - ["Blow-out" fracture of the os planum with incarceration of the medial rectus muscle]. PMID- 7214622 TI - [Retinal vascular involvement as manifestation of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7214623 TI - [Legal expert opinion in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7214624 TI - [Expert opinion in Social Security]. PMID- 7214625 TI - [Relation between the expert and the industrial physician]. PMID- 7214626 TI - [The fate of the medical record in an insurance company]. PMID- 7214627 TI - [Medical problems of expert opinion. Objectivity. Imputability. Evaluation of the injury]. PMID- 7214628 TI - [Legal redress for bodily injury in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7214629 TI - [Post-traumatic corneal herpes: medicolegal aspects]. PMID- 7214630 TI - [Practical indications for sensory ocular electrophysiology. ERG. EOG. VEP]. PMID- 7214632 TI - [New indentation procedure for the treatment of retinal detachment. Preliminary note]. PMID- 7214631 TI - [Comparison of ophthalmoscopic, histological and tomodensitometric data on a malignant melanoma of the choroid]. PMID- 7214634 TI - [Indications for miotics and bifocal glasses in esotropia]. PMID- 7214635 TI - [Ophthalmologic surveillance of patients treated with ethambutol]. PMID- 7214636 TI - [Current attitude when confronting metallic foreign bodies of the posterior segment]. PMID- 7214637 TI - [Orbital neoformation 32 years after enucleation]. PMID- 7214633 TI - [The use of small computers in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7214638 TI - [Principles of the medical treatment of severe ocular herpes]. PMID- 7214639 TI - [Extensive subretinal exudate]. PMID- 7214640 TI - [Angioid streaks in 2 brothers]. PMID- 7214641 TI - [Ischemic capillaropathy induced by radiation]. PMID- 7214642 TI - [Orthoposition and the phi phenomenon]. PMID- 7214643 TI - [Fluorometry of the vitreous body (principles and technics)]. PMID- 7214644 TI - [Aniseikonia: value of its measurement for the contactologist and the implant surgeon. 2: Presentation of the measurement apparatus]. PMID- 7214645 TI - [New tests for the measurement of aniseikonia]. PMID- 7214646 TI - [Ocular microsurgery in horses. Histological results]. PMID- 7214647 TI - [A very unusual form of chorioretinopathy, like grains of rice]. PMID- 7214650 TI - [Application to slit-lamp endothelioscopy of the optical principles of the reflecting microscope]. PMID- 7214648 TI - [Angiography of the retinal periphery with a xenon slit-lamp. Preliminary study]. PMID- 7214649 TI - [Ophthalmologic manifestations of syphilis. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 7214651 TI - [Ophthalmoscopic diagnosis of Van Bogaert's disease]. PMID- 7214652 TI - [Enucleation for sarcoma of the choroid. Indications and technics]. PMID- 7214653 TI - [Retraction of the macular internal limiting membrane after surgery for retinal detachment]. PMID- 7214654 TI - [Doppler effect and vascularization of the papilla. Value and perspectives]. PMID- 7214655 TI - [Epidemiologic approach to ocular herpes in France]. PMID- 7214656 TI - [False complications of photocoagulation of the posterior pole]. PMID- 7214657 TI - [Macular complications of pan-retinal photocoagulation]. PMID- 7214658 TI - [50 cases of intra-ocular implants]. PMID- 7214659 TI - Estrogen receptor protein and its correlation to recurrent breast cancer. A study of 213 patients at the Pennsylvania Hospital. AB - The value of having estrogen receptor protein analysis is more widely appreciated, and the estrogen receptor determination at the time of biopsy or mastectomy is rapidly becoming a standard procedure. The patients with positive estrogen receptors (and progesterone receptors) are now identified as those who will respond to hormone ablation or manipulation. Some authors have stated that a positive estrogen receptor has a "protective" value against regional metastasis and early recurrence. At the time of biopsy, a portion of the tumor is frozen in liquid nitrogen and sent for estrogen receptor (and progesterone receptor) analysis. The 200 breast cancer patients had estrogen receptors performed with 118 estrogen receptors positive and 82 estrogen receptors negative. The following is an analysis of the 130 mastectomy patients. Negative nodes: ER+, 50; ER-, 20. One to three positive nodes: ER+, 23; ER-, 12. Four and more positive nodes: ER+, 15; ER-, 10. At the present time, the data is being correlated to the patient's age, the time of recurrence, and its relationship to estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors. PMID- 7214660 TI - I.V. misonidazole (NSC 261037). Report of initial clinical experience. PMID- 7214661 TI - Misonidazole dose and tumor level relationships. Effects of individual variation in rate of misonidazole metabolism and absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7214662 TI - The pathologic effects of fractionated fast neutrons or photons on canine liver. AB - Thirty-nine adult male purebred beagles received either fast neutron or photon irradiation to the right thorax to determine the effects on pulmonary tissue. The right half of the liver was included in the field of radiation. Twenty-four dogs (six/group) received fast neutrons with a mean energy of 15 MeV to total doses of 1000, 1500, 2250, or 3375 rads in four fractions per week for 6 weeks. Fifteen dogs received 3000, 4500, or 6750 total rads of photons (five dogs/group) in an identical fractionation pattern. All neutron-irradiated dogs receiving 3375 and 2250 rads and one receiving 1500 rads developed clinical signs, hepatic enzyme, and bilirubin elevations, and the dogs died or were euthanized in extremis on postirradiation day 47-291. Signs of liver injury, other than enzyme changes, have not developed to date (1200-1300 days) in the remaining dogs, except in one 6750-rad photon dog that died of hepatic failure on postirradiation day 708. At necropsy, the irradiated right lobes of the liver were atrophic and the nonirradiated left lobes underwent compensatory hypertrophy. Hepatic arterioles and bile ducts were injured in every dog, but no obstructive lesions were observed in hepatic veins. Portal fibroplasia, bile retention, and proliferation of bile ductules was common; the latter two changes also occurred in the nonirradiated lobes. No qualitative differences were observed between hepatic lesions in neutron- versus photon-irradiated dogs. The relative biological effectiveness of fast neutrons for liver damage appears to be no less than 4.5. PMID- 7214663 TI - High-risk thyroid cancer. Prolonged survival with early multimodality therapy. AB - Eleven patients with high-risk thyroid carcinoma of anaplastic or mixed anaplastic-differentiated histology were treated using an early multimodality approach. Patients were classified using the prognostic index for thyroid carcinoma developed by the EORTC. Therapy consisted of a four-drug chemotherapy combination, radioiodine (131I), and Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy. Treatment was designed to maximize effects against both anaplastic and differentiated tumor components. There has been prolonged disease-free survival (14+ to 73+ months) in patients with clear cell, small cell, and mixed anaplastic histologies. Currently five patients have been in complete remission for over 4 years. Treatment has been well tolerated. The long-term participation in care by a multispecialty team has produced promising results which we hope can be valuable as a basis for multicenter trials. PMID- 7214664 TI - Clinical trials of misonidazole in the United States. AB - This paper presents a review of the progressive clinical trials of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, misonidazole, in the United States. Presentation is made of all of the schemata of the recently completed and currently active Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase II and phase III studies. Detailed information is presented on the clinical toxicity of the phase I and II trials, specifically regarding neurotoxicity. With limitations in drug total dose, a variety of dose schedules have proven to be tolerable, with a moderate incidence of nausea and vomiting and mild peripheral neuropathy, and a low incidence of more severe peripheral neuropathy or central neuropathy. No other organ toxicity has been seen, specifically no liver, renal, or bone marrow toxicities. The clinical pharmacologic monitoring of misonidazole blood levels has been satisfactory with good correlation between the group-wide (phase II) UV values and the HPLC values from the phase I study. The patient accrual of the trials has been rapidly increasing and an early analysis suggests efficacy which is at least comparable to previous radiation experience. A series of the five phase III trials are currently underway in the RTOG and the results of these are pending. An additional malignant glioma trial in the Brain Tumor Study Group is described. PMID- 7214665 TI - A five-drug combination in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. AB - The five-drug combination of fluorouracil imidazole carboxamide dimethyl triazeno, vincristine, bis-chloroethyl nitrosourea, and prednisone (FIVB + P) was given to 120 women with metastatic breast cancer. Of 114 evaluable patients, complete response was seen in 12 and partial remission in 39. Complete or partial remission was documented a) in 21 of 59 patients who had had extensive prior chemotherapy and prednisone, b) in 15 of 33 patients who had had prior chemotherapy but no prior prednisone, and c) in 15 of 22 patients who had received no prior systemic treatment for breast cancer. The regimen was well tolerated, the main side effects being hemopoietic suppression, short duration nausea and vomiting, and alopecia. The FIVB + P regimen is a useful and acceptable second or third line treatment for patients with metastatic breast cancer. There is evidence that this treatment program provides a non-cross resistant regimen to many chemotherapy combinations currently in use in breast cancer. The high activity in previously untreated patients offers a further option for cycling of multiple agents in order to gain better disease control in patients with advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7214666 TI - Some conditions affecting manipulative play with objects in severely mentally handicapped children. AB - Four experiments investigated contact and manipulative activity with play materials in severely handicapped children functioning at the 1--2-year-old stage of normal development. Experiment 1 found that many mentally handicapped children were as quick to contact and manipulate a novel object as were comparable normal children and that auditory (or visual) feedback seemed to be effective in sustaining attentive activity with an object. A small minority of the handicapped children, however, were very slow to contact either familiar conventional toy or a novel object. Experiments 2 and 3 found that adding stimulus features such as lights, sounds or bright colours to an object had no consistent effect on the latencies of these 'slow responders' to contact the object. Experiment 4 found that the amount and kinds of manipulative play of mentally handicapped children differed from the normal children only in that they interacted less with an attendant adult and displayed less frequent representational use of toys in pretend play. The play of both normal and handicapped children was relatively unaffected by whether only a few (four) or many (15) toys were provided. PMID- 7214667 TI - Brief intervention therapy for behaviourally disturbed pre-school children. AB - A group of children with behavioural difficulties were treated using behavioural techniques and were compared with a group of control children. The treated children had various behavioural difficulties including poor concentration, sleep problems adn non-cooperation with parents. They were treated in the home for periods up to 7 weeks, after a 2-week baseline observation period. Of nine families that started the treatment, two did not cooperate and one improved spontaneously. Videotape recordings of the child at play were made lasting 15 minutes and immediately prior to the psychologist's visits. The matched control children were investigated similarly. The videotapes were analysed to assess attention span, mother-child verbal interaction and cooperation. There was consideration improvement in attention span as the treated children's behavior became similar to the control children in four to five visits. The improvements lasted over the 3- and 6-month follow-up period. It is concluded that brief intervention behavioural treatment has considerable potential and is reasonably economical in terms of staff time. PMID- 7214668 TI - Services for the mentally handicapped in Denmark. AB - This paper, based on a recent visit to Denmark, outlines some aspects of the Danish system of delivering services to the mentally handicapped that contrast sharply wtih the United Kingdom system. It attempts to review some of the implications of putting into practice a philosophy of normalization, viewed from both the administrative and client standpoints. PMID- 7214669 TI - Interactions between blind parents and their young children. AB - Observations on four families with blind parents and young sighted children showed that relations between the children and their parents were remarkably little affected by the parents' handicap. Many of the characteristics of normal parent-child interaction, both verbal and non-verbal, seem to be readily adaptable to the special circumstances of blindness. Thus, it appeared that the parents were well able to participate in various kinds of social exchange, som of which had a seemingly strong visual element. PMID- 7214670 TI - An oscillatory current in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - The inward current ("oscillatory current") which may be present after the end of a depolarizing clamp was studied in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers by means of a voltage-clamp method. The following results were obtained. In order to appear, the oscillatory current (Ios) requires a previous depolarization to approximately or equal to -20 mV or beyond and a repolarization to approximately or equal to 40 mV or to more negative potentials. The Ios requires a minimum duration of the depolarizing clamp and becomes larger with longer clamps. With repolarization to more negative potentials (approximately or equal to 90 mV), Ios becomes smaller and may disappear. Also Ios can be triggered twice if the potential is clamped to two different levels in succession. By several procedures which modify the other known currents (fast Na+ current, slow inward current, early outward current, plateau current Ix1 and pacemaker current), it can be demonstrated that Ios is not due to their oscillatory behavior and can occur in the absence of any one of them. Interventions which increase the contractile force presumably by increasing intracellular calcium stores enhance the Ios or may make it appear. In fact, these interventions may extend the voltage range over which Ios appears. These interventions include lowering potassium, increasing calcium, trains of depolarizing clamps, and administration of norepinephrine and of strophanthidin. It is concluded that Ios is a physiological event which is enhanced by certain procedures, and it appears to be of much importance in drive-induced arrhythmias under different conditions. PMID- 7214672 TI - The histological lateral border of acute canine myocardial infarction. A function of microcirculation. AB - Studies from this laboratory have shown that the border of a 24-hour canine infarct is histologically sharp and is composed of numerous interdigitating peninsulas of necrotic and normal tissue. To see if this sharp boundary is spatially related to the capillary beds of occluded and non-occluded arteries, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was ligated in five mongrel dogs. Twenty-four hours later, white silicone rubber (Microfil) was injected into the LAD distal to the ligature; simultaneously and under the same pressure, red Microfil was injected into the left main coronary artery (LMCA). In hematoxylin and eosin sections from the border of the infarct, capillaries supplied by the LAD (white) were either in areas of necrosis, in normal epicardium or, rarely, in normal tissue along the lateral boundary; those supplied by the LMCA (red) were almost always in normal regions. Quantitative evaluation of this relationship revealed that the majority of the vessels in the normal and necrotic tissue were concordant (i.e., that normal tissue was supplied by the LMCA, and necrotic tissue by the LAD). However, a small zone of vascular discordance, averaging approximately 30 micrometers in width, was present along the infarct boundary, possibly representing a narrow border zone of little consequence. Hence, the complex interdigitation of normal and necrotic tissue in the lateral border of an infarct is predominantly a function of the interdigitation of the capillary beds supplied by the occluded and nonoccluded arteries. PMID- 7214673 TI - The selective inhibition of serotonin-induced contractions of rabbit cerebral vascular smooth muscle by calcium-antagonistic dihydropyridines. An investigation of the mechanism of action of nimodipine. AB - I studied the role of calcium in the activation of isolated rings of saphenous and basilar arteries of the rabbit by comparing the effect of calcium withdrawal with the effect of the calcium antagonist nimodipine [isopropyl(2-methoxyethyl) 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate]. Serotonin induced contractions of both vessels were inhibited quickly by incubation in calcium-free solution, showing the contractions of both vessels to be dependent on extracellular calcium. Potassium-induced contractions of both vessels were inhibited markedly by nimodipine (basilar: ID50 = 1.7 X 10(-10) mol/liter; saphenous: ID50 = 2.6 X 10(-10) mol/liter), showing depolarization-induced calcium influx (probably through "potential sensitive channels", PSCs) to be sensitive to nimodipine. In the basilar artery the sustained, tonic phase of serotonin-induced contractions (probably through "receptor operated channels," ROCs) was potently inhibited (ID50 = 7.3 X 10(-10) mol/liter) by nimodipine. However, the initial short-lived phase of this contraction of the basilar artery was relatively unaffected (ID50 = 2 X 10(-6) mol/liter), indicating that the inhibitory action of nimodipine on tonic contractions of the basilar artery was not due to antagonism at the serotonin receptor level. In contrast, in the saphenous artery the serotonin-induced contractions were unaffected by nimodipine in doses up to 2.4 X 10(-5) mol/liter. It is postulated that the selective inhibition of the sustained tonic contraction of the basilar artery is due to a selective inhibition by nimodipine of calcium movement through ROCs in this vessel. Agonist-induced activation of ROCs in peripheral blood vessels does not seem to be affected by calcium antagonists. PMID- 7214674 TI - The electrophysiological properties of normal neonatal and adult canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - To determine the basis for age-related changes that occur in the transmembrane action potentials (AP) of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers (PF), we used standard microelectrode techniques to study PF from normal neonatal and adult beagles. As previously shown, neonatal PF AP have a less negative maximum diastolic potential (MDP), a lower AP amplitude (amp) and maximum upstroke velocity of phase 0 (Vmax), and shorter AP duration measured at 50% and 100% repolarization than have those of adults. Further, the termination of phase 1 and the peak of phase 2 occur at more positive levels of membrane potential in neonatal PF. The less negative MDP in neonatal PF is associated with a lower intracellular potassium activity (aKi) as demonstrated with a K+-sensitive microelectrode. Neonatal PF showed greater depression of AP amp and Vmax during superfusion with the rapid Na+ channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX), than did adult PF. The attainment of more negative voltages at the termination of phase 1 in adult compared to neonatal PF was not attributable to age-related differences in response to changes in drive cycle length, temperature, or external Cl- concentration. However, 4-aminopyridine, a blocker of the early, repolarizing potassium current, altered this variable in adult and not in neonatal PF. The effects of verapamil and AHR-2666, both slow inward current blockers; of TTX, which blocks a background inward Na+ current; and of TEA+, which blocks repolarizing K+ current, were studied on AP repolarization. Adult PF AP were more sensitive to the effects of AHR-2666, verapamil, and TEA+ and less sensitive to the effects of TTX than neonates. PMID- 7214671 TI - Altered renal hemodynamic and urinary prostaglandin response to acute hypoxemia after inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the anesthetized dog. PMID- 7214675 TI - Hyperemia of the aortic wall in atherosclerotic monkeys. AB - The aortic wall is nourished by diffusion from the aortic lumen and from vasa vasorum in the adventitia and outer layers of media. Intimal proliferation in atherosclerosis might be expected to reduce the effectiveness of diffusion from the lumen and increase dependence on nourishment by vasa. This study was performed to determine whether there is increased perfusion of the aortic wall by vasa vasorum in atherosclerosis. We used microspheres to measure flow through vasa in normal and atherosclerotic cynomolgus monkeys. Blood flow to inner layers of the thoracic and abdominal aorta was less than 1 ml/min X 100 g in normal monkeys, and there was a minimal increase in atherosclerotic monkeys. Flow to the outer layers of the thoracic and abdominal aorta was 1.3 +/- 0.9 and 2.2 +/- 0.8 ml/min per 100 g in normal monkeys. Flow to outer layers of the thoracic and abdominal aorta was increased in atherosclerotic monkeys to 17 +/- 8.9 and 31 +/- 12 ml/min per 100 g (P less than 0.05 vs. normal). Thus there is increased perfusion of the atherosclerotic aorta, particularly in the outer layers. During maximal vasodilation induced by infusion of adenosine, flow through vasa was 3- to 8-fold greater in atherosclerotic than in normal monkeys. This finding suggests that proliferation of new vessels, rather than dilation of existing vessels, accounts for the increase in blood flow through vasa. We speculate that hyperemia of the aortic wall in atherosclerosis may be in part a compensatory response to increased oxygen requirements and possibly to ischemia produced by intimal proliferation and a resulting increase in diffusion distance. PMID- 7214676 TI - Operational sensitivity and acute resetting of aortic baroreceptors in dogs. AB - Stimulus-response curves of aortic baroreceptors constructed by alternately increasing and decreasing pressure from a normal baseline or set-point differ from curves constructed by varying pressure in one direction only from an abnormally high or low pressure. In anesthetized dogs we recorded impulses from aortic baroreceptors with myelinated fibers, using a pressurized reservoir to control mean aortic blood pressure (MABP). After setting MABP to a baseline of 100 mm Hg (normal MABP in unanesthetized dogs), we constructed baroreceptor response curves by alternately decreasing MABP from 100 to 30 mm Hg, and increasing it from 100 to 180 mm Hg, in each case returning MABP to the baseline to obtain hysteresis loops. All baroreceptors were active at 100 mm Hg, their discharge averaging 15-16 impulses/sec. At all pressures above threshold, baroreceptors fired more when pressure was increasing than when pressure was decreasing. This hysteresis caused the steepest part of the response curve constructed in this manner to span the baseline value, demonstrating that, contrary to previous views, aortic baroreceptors signal decreases in pressure below the normal level, as well as increases above it. We also constructed response curves after holding MABP at a "hypertensive" baseline of 125 mm Hg for 20 minutes. "Hypertensive" curves demonstrated reversible resetting, shifting significantly to the right of "normotensive" curves so that baroreceptor threshold increased on average by 7 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). Both hysteresis and short-term resetting probably result from the viscoelastic behavior of wall elements with which baroreceptors are coupled. PMID- 7214677 TI - The cardiocardiac sympathetic reflex during coronary occlusion in anesthetized dogs. AB - Cardiac sympathetic afferent fibers activated during coronary occlusion exert an excitatory influence on sympathetic discharge to the heart in cats after spinal cord section. The significance of this cardiocardiac sympathetic reflex response during myocardial ischemia in animals with an intact neuraxis is unknown. We studied the responses of efferent cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA), arterial pressure, and heart rate to coronary occlusion in two groups of dogs with cardiac sympathetic reflexes intact and with other reflex inputs affecting CSNA sectioned or controlled. In group I (n = 10), the vagi were sectioned, the spinal cord remained intact, and the carotid sinuses were isolated and perfused to maintain baroreceptor input constant. Coronary occlusion was performed at moderate and low basal levels of CSNA by setting carotid sinus pressure at 125 150 and 200 mm Hg, respectively. Under these conditions, CSNA was not altered by occlusion of either the anterior descending or the circumflex coronary artery. In group II (n = 4), the vagi were sectioned and the spinal cord was interrupted. In these dogs, CSNA increased significantly (61 +/- 19%) during coronary occlusion. These results show that an excitatory cardiocardiac sympathetic reflex can be demonstrated in dogs with spinal cords sectioned but not with spinal cords intact. This finding is consistent with the view that inhibitory bulbospinal pathways minimize the influence of the spinal cardiocardiac sympathetic reflex during myocardial ischemia in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 7214678 TI - The role of the right heart in acute cardiac tamponade in dogs. PMID- 7214680 TI - Relationship between structure and fatty acid metabolism in mitochondria isolated from ischemic rat hearts. AB - We studied mitochondrial structure and intermediates of fatty acid metabolism in mitochondria isolated from ischemic hearts. By electron microscopy, no structural difference was detected between mitochondria isolated from control hearts and from ischemic hearts receiving glucose as the only substrate. However, major differences were observed in mitochondria obtained from control and ischemic hearts receiving both glucose and palmitate. These hearts contained a higher portion of damaged mitochondria. However, measurements of marker enzyme activities failed to show that more mitochondria were lost during the isolation procedure in ischemic than in control hearts. Many densely staining areas (or amorphous densities) were observed in the isolated mitochondria of ischemic hearts. These amorphous densities have an appearance similar to that observed in the intact ischemic heart under the same perfusion conditions. Levels of long chain acyl-CoA in mitochondria isolated from hearts receiving glucose alone were practically the same for control and ischemic hearts and were only slightly increased in mitochondria of ischemic hearts receiving both glucose and palmitate. On the other hand, levels of long-chain acyl carnitine in mitochondria of ischemic hearts were twice those found in control hearts. The mitochondrial level of long-chain acyl carnitine was approximately four times higher in the ischemic hearts receiving palmitate compared to those receiving no palmitate. This rise in long-chain acyl carnitine levels in mitochondria isolated fom ischemic hearts receiving palmitate may be related to modifications of the mitochondrial structure and to the appearance of amorphous densities. PMID- 7214679 TI - Phospholipid alterations in canine ischemic myocardium. Temporal and topographical correlations with Tc-99m-PPi accumulation and an in vitro sarcolemmal Ca2+ permeability defect. PMID- 7214681 TI - Comparison of microsphere and Xenon-133 clearance method in measuring skeletal muscle and cerebral blood flow. PMID- 7214682 TI - The human basophil degranulation test as an in vitro method for the diagnosis of allergies. AB - We have designed a human basophil degranulation test based on a one-step method of basophil staining after exposure to a specific allergen. This very simple test is now commercially available as a ready-to-use kit. It explores the allergic sensitivity at the cellular level, probably through IgE-dependent sensitization of the basophil. It positively correlates with histamine release and radioallergosorbent test (RAST). It detects sensitivity to common allergens and to chemical and food products as well. In its present state, the test provides a simple, inexpensive specific means for in vitro diagnosis of allergic diseases. Recently, it has been further developed to be performed on the automatic Hemalog D Technicon machine. PMID- 7214683 TI - Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis. AB - The infiltration by basophils into delayed hypersensitivity skin test sites was examined in patients with atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and in normal healthy persons. Atopic dermatitis patients, with large amounts of IgE, injected intradermally with staphylococcal antigens showed reactions that were more transient and erythematous than those of normal persons. On histological examination there were numerous, degranulating basophils among the perivascular mononuclear cells. Normal persons, with small amounts of IgE showed typical mononuclear cell infiltration and few basophils. Patients with contact dermatitis, one with much IgE, responded to patch tests to potassium dichromate or to nickel sulphate by delayed type reactions, but on histology, two of the four patients showed a significant infiltration by basophils. It is considered that the erythematous response to the antigen in atopic dermatitis patients is related to the basophil infiltration. PMID- 7214684 TI - Asthma from plexiglas powders. AB - A patient with severe asthma induced by the inhalation of plexiglas dusts is reported. Inhalation testing against various industrial products to which he was exposed at work, showed a specific and reproducible asthmatic reaction to plexiglas dusts. Complete pulmonary investigations after positive challenge excluded associated alveolitis and demonstrated an immediate and a late obstructive response. The patient was not atopic and his clinical history did not suggest occupational disease due to chronic exposure. Reduction of the plexiglas dust exposure resulted in progressive improvement. PMID- 7214685 TI - Miller moth asthma. AB - The characteristics of the allergen producing asthma caused by inhaled miller moth particles were investigated by skin testing and by Sephadex fractionation. No major difference in skin test reactivity was found between the wings and the bodies of the moths. Two fractions of the moth extracts were found to contain allergic reactivity. The importance of detailed history-taking in order to discover such causes of asthma is stressed. PMID- 7214686 TI - Effects of oxatomide compared with chlorpheniramine in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. AB - Oxatomide is an H1 receptor antagonist, which also inhibits antigen-induced mediator release from sensitized mast cells and basophils. The effects of ingested oxatomide (30 mg/capsule) were compared with those of chlorpheniramine (5 mg/capsule) in a double-blind non-crossover study in two groups of twenty-five subjects with ragweed pollen-induced hay fever during the pollen season. Oxatomide or chlorpheniramine was started when symptoms became troublesome and was used in a dose of two to four capsules daily according to severity. Other medications were added, in a standardized way, if hay fever symptoms were not controlled by the test capsules. Forty-one subjects completed the study; nineteen received oxatomide and twenty-two chlorpheniramine. Mean symptom scores, number of test capsules and number of doses of additional medication were not significantly different between the two groups. Drowsiness was reported by subjects in both groups but was worse in the chlorpheniramine group (P less than 0.05). We conclude that, in the studied doses, oxatomide is as effective for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis as chlorpheniramine and produces less drowsiness. PMID- 7214687 TI - A comparison of spirometric measurements in allergen bronchial challenge testing. AB - We compared the usefulness of several spirometric measurements in detecting asthmatic reactions after allergen bronchial challenge in fourteen asthmatic children. All of the children had a history suggesting mite-induced asthma and eleven had a 3 mm or larger diameter weal on prick testing with Dermatophagoides farinae extract. On bronchial challenge testing with dilutions of this extract twelve children had an early asthmatic reaction and nine had a late asthmatic reaction. In decreasing order of sensitivity for detecting the early asthmatic reaction the tests ranked as follows: FEV1, FEF50%, FEF25-75%, PEFR and FVC. For the late asthmatic reaction the order was FEF50%, FEV1, FEF25-75%, PEFR and FVC. No single test identified all the early or all the late reactions but the FEV1, a test useful for indicating large airways obstruction, when combined with the FEF25-75%, a test influenced by small airways obstruction, detected all early and late asthmatic reactions. The FEF50% was a sensitive test but was the only one to become falsely positive. It became falsely positive in four patients. Although the FEV1 was the most useful single test the results suggest that it is, by itself, an inadequate indicator of the asthmatic reaction and that it should be used with the FEF25-75% to ensure the detection of all asthmatic reactions induced by allergen bronchial challenge testing. PMID- 7214689 TI - Exercise-induced asthma and blood histamine. PMID- 7214688 TI - Prick testing for allergens standardized by using a precision needle. AB - A new standardized precision needle which virtually removes operator variation from skin prick testing with allergens is described. The instrument is simple and robust, and the results of its use are demonstrated. The most important finding was that the use of strong pollen extracts produced very inconsistent and irregular weals, but when suitably diluted, or used on mildly sensitive skins, reproducibility of the response was excellent and it is therefore ideal for titration of skin sensitivity and biological assessment of the potency of allergens. The standard needle was also compared with two other methods of skin prick testing. Results were similar but the standard needle showed the least variation. PMID- 7214690 TI - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. Scientific Committee. Expert Panel on Instrumentation. Provisional guidelines (1980) for listing specifications of clinical chemical analysers. PMID- 7214691 TI - The AAS determination of copper and zinc levels in the serum of hemodialysis patients. AB - An electrothermal atomic absorption technique for the determination of subnanogram amounts of copper and zinc in aqueous and blood serum matrices has been evaluated. The technique has been utilized to study the effect of dialysis (artificial kidney) on the levels of these trace elements in the serum of hemodialysis patients. The present results confirm a previous study (1) which was conducted on representative samples that were taken from the continuous flow of the dialysis fluid (dialysate). Matrix effects have been minimized by using serum controls (obtained from a pool made of the tested serum samples), small sample size, and background correction. Before dialysis, values of copper for patients who were dialysed against tap water (tap-water patients) and distilled water (distilled-water patients) were: (mean +/- SD) 1297 +/- 59 and 1064 +/- 137 micrograms/L, respectively; after dialysis: 1539 +/- 98 and 1120 +/- 129 micrograms/L, respectively. Zinc levels were less affected by the dialysis process; before dialysis: tap-water patients, 952 +/- 131 micrograms/L; distilled water patients, 932 +/- 119 micrograms/L; after dialysis: 1001 +/- 137 micrograms/L, and 934 +/- 121 micrograms/L, respectively. Because the method is sensitive, accurate, and precise, it can be utilized to study trace levels of copper and zinc in serum when limitations of sample volume exist as in the present case or with pediatric patients. PMID- 7214692 TI - A computer directed pneumatic tube system: its effects on specimens. AB - When the new Erie County Medical Center (Buffalo, NY) was built, a pneumatic tube network, manufactured by Mosler Airmatic and Electronic Systems Company, was installed. This network, called the Mosler System 4000, was designed to handle 600 transactions per hour in the hospital, and therefore had to have a high carrier speed (8m/sec). When blood specimens were sent through the system, blood cells were slightly damaged and lactic dehydrogenase activity in the serum was consistently elevated. But neither acidic phosphatase, potassium, blood gases nor urinary casts were significantly affected by tube transport. PMID- 7214693 TI - A simple chromatographic technique for the estimation of urinary levels of normetadrenaline and metadrenaline. AB - A simple, but effective, procedure is described for the concurrent estimation of normetadrenaline (NMA) and metadrenaline (MA) in urine. The 3 methoxycatecholamines are adsorbed by a cation exchange resin, desorbed, separated by paper chromatography, and finally estimated spectrophotometrically after oxidation to vanillin. The mean (+/- 2 standards deviations) urinary outputs of NMA and MA from 123 normals (80 males, 43 females) in 24 hours was 2.15 +/- 1.04 and 1.79 +/- 0.96 mu mol respectively. There was no significant difference in the 24-hour urinary outputs of NMA between the male and female groups. However, the output of MA from the males was significantly higher than that from the females. PMID- 7214694 TI - Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of methylphenidate (ritalin) in serum. AB - A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GG/MS) procedure for the determination of methylphenidate in 1 mL of serum or plasma is reported employing ethylphenidate as internal standard. A 50/50 (V/V) mixture of benzene and hexane is used to extract the methylphenidate and ethylphenidate from plasma. After evaporation of solvent the residue is redissolved in 50 microL hexane. Methyl- and ethylphenidate are then derivatized by the addition of 50 ML of trifluoroacetic anhydride and the TFA derivatives are injected into a quadrupole GC/MS for analysis. This method has a lower limit of sensitivity for methylphenidate of 2.0 micrograms/L. The between-day precision study yielded coefficients of variation of 10.4% and 14.8% at methylphenidate concentrations of 25.6 and 5.2 micrograms/L respectively. The assay has been used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate administered to 6 children for treatment of hyperkinesis. The study yielded ranges for volume of distribution, elimination half-life, and total body clearance of 5.0-6.8 L/kg, 1.6-2.7 hours, and 1.4-2.9 L/kg-hr respectively. PMID- 7214695 TI - Erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid fluctuations in patients with beta thalassemia minor. AB - The result of an analysis of red cell individual phospho-lipid fatty acids are presented in patients suffering from beta-thalassemia minor. A significant decrease of each of the following sphingomyelin fatty acids was found: 16:0, 18:1, 18:2, 22:0, 24:0. Phosphatidylcholine fatty acids showed an increase of 16:0, 18:2, 22:0, and 22:1 and a decrease of 18:0 and 20:4. Changes of phosphatidylserine fatty acids, an increase of 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:2, and 22:1, and a decrease of 20:4, 24:0, and 24:1, were observed. An increase of 14:0, 16:0 and a decrease of 18:1, 20:4, and 24:1 phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acids were found. The considerable changes observed in individual phospholipid fatty acids, especially long chain unsaturated ones and primarily arachidonic acid (20:4), indicate a tendency for red cell peroxidation and thus an increased predisposition to hemolysis. PMID- 7214696 TI - The rapid determination of total bromine and iodine in biological fluids by neutron activation. AB - Total bromine and iodine are instrumentally determined in 1 mL samples of body fluids by neutron activation under a boron shield at normal concentration levels. No sample treatment is necessary. Bromine is determined by its 80Br nuclide (617.0 keV; T1/2 = 18.0 min) and iodine by its 128I nuclide (442.7 keV;T1/2 = 25.0 min). The method is rapid; four bromine and two iodine determinations can be done in one hour. Bromine and iodine can be detected down to 14 micrograms/dL (1.75 mumol/L) and 2.9 micrograms/dL (0.23 mumol/L), respectively. PMID- 7214697 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of urinary catecholamines employing amperometric detection: references values and use in laboratory diagnosis of neural crest tumors. AB - We have developed an high performance liquid chromatographic procedure employing amperometric detection for the measurement of urinary free norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine. The between-day precision (C.V.) at various concentrations of the above analytes varied from 4.8-11.6%. There was negligible between-urine difference in the percent recovery of norepinephrine and epinephrine but considerable between-urine difference for dopamine. The procedure has been used to determine reference ranges in infants, children and adults. Its preliminary application to the laboratory detection of neural crest tumors is also described. PMID- 7214698 TI - Clinical relevance of the plasma reserve albumin binding capacity for bilirubin (RABC) and "free" bilirubin concentration. AB - An analysis of 55 plasma samples from 46 jaundiced newborn infants showed that endogenous "free" bilirubin levels bear no significant correlation to reserve albumin binding capacities for bilirubin as determined by both the Sephadex G-25 gel filtration and the enzymatic peroxidation technique (r = 0.14, p less than 0.05). This contrasts with the significant correlation between the "free" bilirubin concentrations and the bilirubin/albumin molar ratios in the same plasma samples (r = 0.75, p less than 0.001). The results of this study suggest that if "free" bilirubin is the "driving force" in the pathogenesis of bilirubin encephalopathy then the use of the reserve albumin binding capacity for bilirubin as the only guide in predicting the risk of kernicterus may not be adequate. PMID- 7214699 TI - Evaluation of the C-System cholesterol kit (BMC) on the Abbott ABA-100. PMID- 7214700 TI - Effects of contact with vacutainer tube stoppers on the estimation of quinidine in serum and plasma. PMID- 7214701 TI - Interferences with assays for iron and acid phosphatase, and with qualitative tests for urinary calcium. PMID- 7214702 TI - Opinion: this business of science funding. PMID- 7214703 TI - The treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease at Memorial Hospital. PMID- 7214705 TI - Primary neuroblastoma of the cauda equina. PMID- 7214704 TI - Effect of chemotherapy on the healing of surgical wounds. PMID- 7214706 TI - Inhibition of the hypoprothrombinemic effect of warfarin (Coumadin) by Ensure Plus, a dietary supplement. PMID- 7214708 TI - Plasma hydroxyproline fractions in patients with dialysis osteodystrophy. AB - Plasma hydroxyproline fractions were measured in 17 normal subjects and in 54 patients on maintenance haemodialysis therapy (MHT) with various degrees of dialysis osteodystrophy. On the basis of both radiological and histological findings these patients were divided into three groups: radiologically normal, histologically normal and those with osteitis fibrosa. The mean total plasma hydroxyproline concentrations were significantly elevated in all groups of MHT patients. However, these increases were mainly due to peptide-bound and free hydroxyproline fractions. The highest values for these two fractions were found in patients with osteitis fibrosa. The free to peptide-bound hydroxyproline ratio was not significantly altered in the majority of patients on dialysis; the mean ratio was significantly lower in patients with osteitis fibrosa when compared with patients with no histological evidence of bone disease. This finding would suggest that there is no inhibition of hydroxyproline catabolism in patients on haemodialysis and the measurements of both free and peptide-bound hydroxyproline were equally sensitive in identifying patients with osteitis fibrosa. PMID- 7214707 TI - Analysis of urinary metanephrines by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. AB - A sensitive and specific direct analysis of urinary normetanephrine (NMN) and metanephrine (MN) was achieved utilizing reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Individual specimens from "control" subjects and those with pheochromocytoma were hydrolyzed and the metanephrines separated from other urinary constituents by elution with ammonia from a Dowex CG 50 resin. Chromatographic peaks were identified by retention behavior, co chromatography with reference compounds, ratio of responses at various oxidation potentials and stopped-flow UV spectra of the collected fractions. The NMN and MN content for the control subjects was between 0.086 and 0.21 (mean - 0.14) microgram/mg creatinine and 0.012 and 0.092 (mean = 0.039) microgram/mg creatinine, respectively. The values for subjects with pheochromocytoma varied from 1.5 to 27.5 (mean = 9.9) microgram/mg creatinine for NMN and 0.10 to 1.60 (mean = 0.86) microgram/mg creatine for MN. The patient with ganglioneuroma had an NMN of 4.1 and an MN of 0.80 microgram/mg creatinine. While this method permits discrimination between those patients with pheochromocytoma and the overwhelming majority of hypertensive patients, it may ultimately be further extended to separate normal subjects from those with more subtle derangements in catecholamine metabolism. PMID- 7214709 TI - Correlation between alanine inhibition of pyruvate and composition of K-M hybrids. AB - A method is described for determination of the percentage of K-subunits in the K M set of pyruvate kinase. The method is based on the alanine inhibition of the K subunits. A linear correlation (r = 0.99) is found between the alanine inhibition and the percentage of K-subunits as calculated from the electropherograms, assuming (a) a subunit distribution as indicated by the suffix in K4, K3M, K2M2, etc., and (b) an equal contribution of K- and M-subunits to the intensity of the stain. PMID- 7214710 TI - Serum vitamin E, lipid peroxide and glutathione peroxidase in patients with chronic pancreatitis. AB - It has been reported that lipid peroxidation increases in patients with antioxidant deficiencies, such as vitamin E and glutathione peroxidase. The relationships between serum lipid peroxide and vitamin E on the one hand and glutathione peroxidase on the other were examined in 22 patients with chronic pancreatitis, often accompanied by malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins due to the impaired exocrine pancreatic function. Both serum vitamin E concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activities were depressed, especially in patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. On the other hand, serum lipid peroxide levels were elevated. A significant negative correlation was found between the serum lipid peroxide levels and vitamin E concentration. These findings suggest than an elevation of the serum lipid peroxide level may be due to the lack of an antioxidative defense mechanism, such as vitamin E, against lipid peroxide. PMID- 7214711 TI - Spectrophotometric and fluorimetric assays of galactocerebrosidase activity, their use in the diagnosis of Krabbe's disease. AB - Derivatives of galactocerebroside were prepared containing coloured (w-2,4,6 trinitrophenylaminolauric acid) or fluorescent (11-(9-anthroyloxy) undecanoic acid) fatty acid moieties.. These cerebrosides were used as substrates for galactocerebrosidase activity. By overcoming problems associated with the radioactively labelled substrates normally used, yet retaining good enzyme substrate specificity, these derivatives provided useful and reliable alternative substrates for galactocerebrosidase activity. Enzyme activities in whole extracts of brain, liver, fibroblasts and cultured amniotic fluid cells were compared, using as substrates the novel cerebrosides as well as [3H]galactocerebroside. Good correlation of activities was obtained. In extracts derived from patients with Krabbe's disease marked deficiency of galactocerebrosidase activity was observed with each substrate, whereas extracts from heterozygous carriers exhibited a partial reduction in enzyme activity. The results show that these coloured and fluorescent galactocerebrosides may be used with confidence in the diagnosis and carrier detection of Krabbe's disease. PMID- 7214712 TI - An evaluation of the temperature control system of the Centrifichem 400. AB - We evaluate the manufacturer's temperature calibration procedure for the Union Carbide Centrifichem 400 using a procedure developed in our laboratories. We substituted a Yellow Springs, Inc., Model 45 CU Cuvette Thermometer with a thermistor probe for the mercury thermometers. This dramatically shortened the time required for temperature measurements by eliminating the time required for the mercury thermometers to equilibrate. The cuvette temperature measurements with the YSI 45 CU accurately reflect the analyzer equilibrium temperature only when the YSI 45 CU thermistor probe is in the same cuvette as the analyzer thermistor. We also evaluated the accuracy and precision of the temperature control system and the time required to reach thermal equilibrium. We found that temperature equilibration occurs in less than a minute and has a range of less the +/- 0.1 degree C from the mean temperature. Our procedure for monitoring temperature equilibration gave improved accuracy and precision. PMID- 7214713 TI - Ascites chylomicron: a poor substrate for hepatic triglyceride lipase. AB - A patient with nephrotic syndrome and morbus Kimura (eosinophilic granuloma) showed chylous ascites. Ascites chylomicrons were analyzed and used to study the substrate specificity of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase. Ascites triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were 191 and 12 mg/dl, respectively. Both apo CII and apo CIII content in ascites were approximately one third of those of plasma from normal subjects. Ascites chylomicrons were incubated with either lipoprotein lipase or hepatic triglyceride lipase, which were prepared from postheparin plasma using heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzed ascites chylomicrons, while hepatic triglyceride lipase did not. These results suggest different functions of these two lipases in chylomicron catabolism. PMID- 7214714 TI - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis for phenols in uremic serum. AB - (1) The concentrations of unconjugated and conjugated phenol, p-cresol, benzyl alcohol, catechol, hydroquinone, homocatechol, and 2-methoxyresorcinol in uremic serum were determined using a mass fragmentographic method. Concentrations of all phenols in uremic serum were higher than in normal serum. Conjugated phenols existed mainly as sulfate esters. (2) The concentration of unconjugated phenol in uremic serum correlated with those of serum creatinine and urea, but not with the hematocrit value. Patients with the highest concentration of unconjugated phenol suffered from cerebral disorders, coma or lethargy, and hemorrhagic tendencies. Unconjugated phenol was detected in normal serum at a concentration of 0.86 +/- 0.63 mumol/l (mean +/- S.D., n = 10). (3) The concentration of unconjugated p cresol in uremic serum did not correlate with those of serum creatinine, urea and the hematocrit value. (4) The concentrations of unconjugated and conjugated hydroquinone in uremic serum correlated with those of serum creatinine and urea. (5) 2-Methoxyresorcinol was first detected mainly as sulfate ester in uremic serum at a concentration of 19 +/- 9.0 mumol/l (mean +/- S.D,. n = 17). (6) The daily excretion of eight unconjugated phenols into normal urine was determined. PMID- 7214716 TI - Specific interaction between placental protein 5 and heparin. AB - Levels of placental protein 5 (PP5) in paired serum and plasma samples obtained during the second half of pregnancy were measured by radioimmunoassay. The apparent level of PP5 was significantly higher in serum than in heparin-derived plasma. The addition of heparin to late pregnancy serum resulted in a dose dependent decrease in the apparent PP5 concentrations, the maximal effect occurring at heparin concentrations greater than 4 U/ml. The same phenomenon was observed using purified PP5 and placental homogenate. The effect of heparin was readily reversed by the addition of protamine sulphate. The specificity of the interaction between heparin and PP5 was demonstrated by affinity chromatography with heparin as the ligand. The functional significance of these results are discussed in relation to observations on other placental proteins and proteins with affinity to heparin. PMID- 7214715 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of galactitol in amniotic fluid for possible use in prenatal diagnosis of galactosaemia. AB - A gas liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of galactitol in amniotic fluid from pregnancies at risk for galactosaemia is described. The method is based on the almost complete removal of glucose from the amniotic fluid by ion exchange, and the subsequent chromatography of galactitol as its hexaacetate. PMID- 7214717 TI - Variation of urinary melatonin excretion in humans during the first 30 years of life. AB - Urinary melatonin variation in humans were demonstrated to be a function of age. A radioimmunological assay was used. The values obtained, expressed as nmol x 24 h-1 x kg-1, progressively decreased from birth onwards, with a more accentuated and momentary inflection at the moment of the genital crisis in newborns and at puberty. The results obtained concern only melatonin and not its metabolites, as a result of the high specificity of the antibodies employed. PMID- 7214718 TI - Comparison of procedures for determination of copper and zinc in serum by atomic absorption spectroscopy. AB - Methods used to prepare serum samples for the determination of copper and zinc by atomic absorption spectroscopy have been compared using the results obtained from an external quality control scheme. The methods most commonly employed were dilution with water, dilution with dilute butan-1-ol or propan-1-ol, removal of protein by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation and electrothermal atomization (ETA). The effects of the inclusion of sodium and potassium ion upon results has been examined. Low results for serum copper are given by the technique of ETA. High zinc values are found following TCA precipitation. None of the methods showed superior between-batch precision. Ionization interference was variable and the addition of sodium and potassium to standard solutions is not always necessary. PMID- 7214719 TI - Human alpha-lactalbumin and hormonal factors in pregnancy and lactation. AB - Serum alpha-lactalbumin was monitored throughout pregnancy in twelve women and in a separate group of nineteen women during the first 3 months postpartum. During pregnancy alpha-lactalbumin rose significantly until the mid trimester (P less than 0.001). From then until term, concentrations remained stable. Concentrations during labour were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than those seen at term. alpha-lactalbumin, 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone concentrations behaved similarly during the first week of the puerperium in both lactating (n = 10) and non-lactating (n = 9) subjects. A large surge of alpha-lactalbumin closely followed the clearance of high circulating concentrations of sex steroids in both groups. Prolactin concentrations were significantly greater (P less than 0.02) in lactating subjects by the third postpartum day. By the third postpartum week alpha-lactalbumin concentrations in lactating subjects had stabilized at labour levels in a milieu of high prolactin levels and depressed production on 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone. Conversely, in non-lactating subjects alpha lactalbumin concentrations fell, as did prolactin, coincidental with a rise in 17 beta-oestradiol, progesterone concentrations remaining barely detectable. The apparent control mechanisms for human alpha-lactalbumin secretion and thus, lactation, are discussed in the light of the data presented. PMID- 7214720 TI - The cardiovascular effect of vasopressin in relation to its plasma concentration in man and its relevance to high blood pressure. AB - The cardiovascular response and the changes of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration following graded doses of AVP infused intravenously have been defined in six normal young men. The same measurements were also made during fluid deprivation in a patient with both nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and systemic hypertension. When, following AVP infusion, mean diastolic arterial pressure increased from 72 +/- 3 mmHg (SEM) to 78 +/- 2 mmHg (SEM) in the normal subject group, mean plasma AVP increased by 14.5 fmol/ml. When the patient was deprived of water, diastolic pressure increased, despite the fluid loss, from 90 to 105 mmHg, with a comparable increase of plasma AVP concentration of 15.3 fmol/ml. Further increases of plasma AVP concentration in either the normal subjects or in the patient were not associated with further increments of arterial pressure. We suggest that under pathophysiological circumstances in man plasma AVP concentrations may achieve levels which have a significant cardiovascular effect. PMID- 7214721 TI - Long term spironolactone and the adrenal cortex in essential hypertension. AB - In view of recent evidence that spironolactone may inhibit synthesis of corticosteroids by a direct effect on the adrenal cortex, adrenocortical function was studied in eight patients with essential hypertension who had been treated with spironolactone from 3 months to 14 years. Their 24 h renal excretion of adrenocorticoid metabolites and the responses of cortisol, aldosterone and 18 hydroxy-11 -deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) to an incremental infusion of tetracosactrin (1-24 ACTH) were compared with those in eight patients with recently diagnosed essential hypertension who had received no spironolactone. The spironolactone-treated group had a significantly higher excretion of aldosterone, whilst the excretion of other adrenocorticoid metabolites did not differ. The same group also required less tetracosactrin to stimulate a detectable rise of plasma cortisol and 18-OH-DOC, they had greater plasma 18-OH-DOC responses at all infusion rates and, at the lowest infusion rates, had greater aldosterone responses. These results indicate that long-term spironolactone therapy does not inhibit adrenocortical function and may have some stimulatory effects. PMID- 7214722 TI - The effect of atenolol on serum thyroid hormones in hyperthyroid patients. AB - The effect of the beta-1-adrenoceptor blocking agent, atenolol, on serum levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) was studied in twelve hyperthyroid patients. While all patients improved symptomatically after treatment with atenolol 100 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, there were no significant changes in the serum T3 or rT3 concentrations. The serum T4 level showed a small but statistically significant fall. These data do not support the hypothesis that the beneficial clinical effects of beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs in thyrotoxicosis are mediated by an action on the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. PMID- 7214725 TI - [A case of benign intracranial hypertension due to iron deficiency anemia, which accompanied with central diabetes insipidus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214723 TI - Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer after thyroid ablation. PMID- 7214724 TI - [An endocrine structure found by M. Segi (1935) on intestinal villi of the human fetus II. Segi Institute of Cancer Epidemiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214726 TI - [Effect of Ileu5-angiotensin II on blood pressure and various adrenocortical steroids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214727 TI - [Effects of estrogen and progesterone on oxytocin secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214728 TI - [Measurement of antithyroid antibodies using the dried blood spot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214729 TI - [Evaluation of catecholamine measurement of high performance liquid chromatography with electronic detector (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214730 TI - [Fundamental studies on secretin-radioimmunoassay kit method and the results of its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214731 TI - [Fundamental evaluation of SPAC T3 radioimmunoassay kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214732 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for calcitonin and its application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214733 TI - [Fundamental studies and clinical application of the radioimmunoassay kit for glucagon (DRL-9H6-I125) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214734 TI - [Measurement of serum TSH by Riagnost TSH (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214735 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of Corning free thyroxine radioimmunoassay kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214737 TI - Acid-base disorders: analysis and treatment. PMID- 7214738 TI - The pituitary gland. PMID- 7214736 TI - [Investigation of Phadebas dry spot TSH test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7214739 TI - Psychiatric emergencies in endocrine and metabolic disease. PMID- 7214740 TI - Immune response to rabbit liver-specific lipoprotein in acute viral hepatitis. AB - A serial prospective study of cell-mediated immunity to rabbit liver-specific lipoprotein (RLSP) has been done in 26 patients with acute viral hepatitis (AH) (18 HBsAg+ and eight HBsAg-) using a lymphocyte transformation test. An increased stimulation index was recorded in 56% of HBsAg+ cases and in 63% of the HBsAg- group at the first determination within 2 weeks of presentation. A progressive return to normal values was observed during the course of the disease. In one patient, however, the stimulation index remained high at 6 months after presentation and liver biopsy showed the appearance of chronic active hepatitis. Results within the normal range of values were observed when a macromolecular kidney protein fraction was used as antigen: further evidence of an organ specific component in RLSP preparation to which the immune response seems to be directed. These findings demonstrate the existence of a common and time-limited sensitization to RLSP in acute viral hepatitis irrespective of HBsAg status. It is suggested that RLSP may be a useful alternative to human LSP in evaluating immune reactions in liver diseases. PMID- 7214741 TI - Acetylcholine receptor in rabbit thymus: antigenic similarity between acetylcholine receptors of muscle and thymus. AB - This study was performed to examine the presence and immunological properties of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in rabbit thymus. Binding of 125I-alpha Bungarotoxin (alpha BGT) to Triton extract from rabbit thymus was saturable (half saturation value: 10 X 10(-9) M) and occurred with at least two affinities, a high one with a dissociation constant of 1.1 X 10(-10)M and a low affinity one with a dissociation constant of 2 X 10(-9)M. The complex formation of 125I-alpha BGT-thymus extract was inhibited by both carbamylcholine and D-tubocurarine. These results indicate the existence of AChR in rabbit thymus. Antibody to AChR which was purified from experimental myasthenic rabbits with Narke AChR-affinity gel and labelled with 125I was used to identify the receptor antigenicity in rabbit thymus. Specific binding of 125I-antibody to thymic extract was demonstrated by the DEAE-paper disc assay. It is concluded from these results that AChRs with a similar antigenicity to that of skeletal muscle AChR exist in rabbit thymus. Our findings obtained in this study will support a hypothesis that the primary immunogen in myasthenia gravis may be AChR in thymus and an autoimmune reaction against AChR might be initiated within the thymus gland itself. PMID- 7214742 TI - Electron microscopic demonstration of lesions in target cell membranes associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - To test the hypothesis that complement-mediated cell lysis and cell-mediated cytotoxicity operate by analogous mechanisms, cell membranes from two antibody dependent cytotoxicity systems were examined by electron microscopy after negative staining. Ring-shaped membrane lesions generally similar to, but larger than, those previously described for complement lysis were observed. These findings are in agreement with recent measurements of larger functional pores for ADCC than complement. PMID- 7214745 TI - Low-molecular-weight plasma cryoprecipitable antinative DNA: polynucleotide complexes in lupus glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7214744 TI - Hypoimmunoglobulinemia D: frequency, family studies, and association with HLA. PMID- 7214743 TI - Radioimmunoassay reveals no anti-male specificity in putative H-Y antisera. AB - Putative anti-H-Y antisera have been examined for H-Y-specific antibody in a sensitive antiglobulin radioimmunoassay. All the sera tested were weakly bound by both male and female spleen cells. Absorption of the antisera with cells of either sex was equally effective in reducing the amount of antiglobulin bound revealing that their activity was not specific for H-Y gene products. The failure in this study to demonstrate H-Y-specific antibody is discussed. PMID- 7214746 TI - Immune response in experimentally induced uremia. I. Suppression of mitogen responses by adherent cells in chronic uremia. PMID- 7214747 TI - Red cell membrane phospholipid abnormalities in the hemolytic uremic syndrome. AB - Eight patients with the hemolytic uremic syndrome had depression of percentage of red cell phosphatidyl ethanolamine content. Five patients also had subnormal plasma tocopherol levels. In addition all patients had significant increases in total plasma lipids which could contribute to peroxidative damage. The association of depressed red cell phosphatidyl ethanolamine and plasma tocopherol levels is suggestive of peroxidative damage, and may contribute to the hemolysis in this syndrome. PMID- 7214749 TI - Zinc metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure during treatment with 1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol: a controlled therapeutic trial. AB - Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates of zinc, calcium and magnesium were measured in 17 patients with chronic renal failure before and after treatment with 1.25(OH)2D3 or vitamin D3. Initially the patients showed hypozincemia (P less than 0.001), hypocalcemia (P less than 0.01) and hypermagnesemia (P less than 0.01). The distribution of zinc between albumin and alpha 2-macroglobulin was calculated. The reduction in serum zinc was due to a fall in the albumin bound fraction, which could not be explained by a reduction in the serum albumin concentration. During treatment with 1.25(OH)2D3 no significant changes in serum and urinary levels of zinc and magnesium were observed, while the serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates of calcium increased. It is concluded that 1.25(OH)2D3 and vitamin D3 are of minor importance in the intestinal absorption of zinc and magnesium. PMID- 7214748 TI - Mineral metabolism in chronic renal failure with special reference to serum concentrations of 1.25(OH)2D and 24.25(OH)2D. AB - This study examines the interrelationship between serum levels of substances important in mineral metabolism including the 3 vitamin D metabolites 25OHD, 24.25(OH)2D and 1.25(OH)2D and static and dynamic histomorphometric measurements of bone remodelling in iliac crest biopsies in 17 patients with chronic renal failure. No correlation was found between the serum values of any of the vitamin D metabolites and the histomorphometric values. However, significant inverse correlations were found between serum calcium and both the osteoid surface extent (P less than 0.05) and osteoid volume (P less than 0.05) in trabecular bone. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was positively related to trabecular osteoclastic bone resorption. The serum level of 1.25(OH)2D was inversely related to endogenous creatinine clearance (P less than 0.01). These results support the hypothesis that the serum calcium concentration is more important than the serum concentration of vitamin D metabolites for bone remodelling in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7214750 TI - The excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in glomerulonephritis. AB - The excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (Nag) was studied in 109 patients with glomerulonephritis. A positive correlation was found between the concentration of albumin and Nag in the urine. Almost all the urinary Nag had the properties of the tissues, not of the serum isoenzyme. The ratio between Nag and albumin in the urine was significantly lower in patients with minimal lesions and in those with focal sclerosis than in those with proliferative, membrano proliferative and membranous glomerulonephritis. The excretion of Nag per g creatinine differed significantly between the various histologic subgroups of glomerulonephritis but not between groups with various degrees of tubulointerstitial changes. The excretion of Nag in 9 patients with proximal tubular damage induced by exposure to cadmium in the past was only moderate. We suggest that urinary Nag excretion is not caused by an increased glomerular permeability to macromolecules but may instead reflect the activity of renal disease. PMID- 7214751 TI - A case of acute reversible renal failure associated with halothane induced liver disease. AB - A case of acute renal failure associated with halothane-induced hepatitis is reported which responded to treatment. The possible mechanisms of rare disease association are discussed and precautions advised. PMID- 7214752 TI - Presentation and course of primary amyloidosis of the kidney. AB - The case histories of nineteen patients who were seen in one renal unit between 1966 and 1978 and who were found to have primary amyloidosis are reviewed. Most were aged more than fifty and presented with the nephrotic syndrome without particular diagnostic features although electrophoresis of plasma and urine revealed abnormal immunoglobulins in a minority. Treatment was generally only symptomatic and most patients died within six months of diagnosis usually from renal failure. At the time of writing only the two patients treated by maintenance haemodialysis are still alive. PMID- 7214754 TI - Impaired peritoneal fluid drainage in nephrogenic ascites. AB - In three chronic hemodialysis patients with nephrogenic ascites and in four patients with ascites of other causes the rate of transfer of fluid from peritoneal cavity to plasma was measured by a radio-labelled albumin method. Ascitic fluid removal rate was lower in the patients with nephrogenic ascites (median 14, range 10 to 21 ml/hr) than in those with normal renal function (median 45, range 10 to 73 ml/hr). These results suggest that lymphatic drainage of the peritoneum is impaired in nephrogenic ascites and that this may contribute to the development of the condition and to the propensity of fluid overloaded dialysis patients to develop ascites. A retained substance or one liberated from abnormal kidneys may be responsible for reversible depression of lymphatic flow in uremia. PMID- 7214753 TI - Body composition in children on regular hemodialysis. AB - Body composition was estimated in 12 pubertal and 7 pre-pubertal children (age range 7-17 years) on regular hemodialysis for chronic renal failure (CRF). The results were expressed as a ratio of observed/predicted. Total body water (TBW) was normal and extracellular water (ECW) was significantly increased in both groups. Intracellular water (ICW), which reflects body cell mass, was significantly decreased in the pre-pubertal children but not in the pubertal children. The deviation in ICW from predicted normal was significantly more marked in the prepubertal children compared with pubertal children. Similarly, fat-free solids (FFS) were significantly decreased in the pre-pubertal, but normal in the pubertal children. Total body fat, estimated from body water, correlated significantly with skinfold thickness measurements and was normal in both groups, with the pre-pubertal children having significantly higher body fat ratio than pubertal children. Body fat was increased in some of the patients whose body cell mass was decreased. It is suggested that these changes are the result of a failure of normal energy metabolism with consequent body protein depletion, and that energy supplements as carbohydrate, particularly in the pre pubertal patients, will increase body fat without affecting cell mass. PMID- 7214755 TI - Complications of dialysis. PMID- 7214759 TI - The menopause. PMID- 7214756 TI - Hemodynamic effects of arteriovenous fistulae in chronic hemodialysis patients at rest and during exercise. AB - The effects of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) on cardiac output (CO) and cardiac filling pressures were studied at rest and during exercise in 16 chronic hemodialysis patients. After the occlusion of the AVF, average CO fell but cardiac filling pressures remained unchanged, seven patients had a drop in CO greater than or equal to 1.0 l/min (group A) and nine patients had a drop in CO less than or equal to 0.9 l/min (group B). At rest, average CO was higher in group A than in group B, but cardiac filling pressures were the same in group A and in group B. During maximal exercise, average CO and cardiac filling pressures were the same in both groups. PMID- 7214758 TI - Diabetes in pregnancy. PMID- 7214757 TI - Urinary prostaglandin-E2 in chronic renal disease. AB - Renal excretion of prostaglandin-E2 was measured by radioimmunoassay in patients with chronic renal diseases. Significantly elevated urinary prostaglandin-E2 amounts were found in patients with moderate renal insufficiency (creatinine clearances 20-59 ml/min). In mild and severe renal insufficiency, the urinary excretion of PGE2 was within the normal range. In the non-terminal stages of kidney failure, a definite correlation was found between the degree of renal impairment and the daily amounts of PGE2 in the urine. It is therefore concluded that in these stages of the disease the kidney produces elevated levels of PGE2 in an attempt to improve the decreased renal blood flow caused by the disease. PMID- 7214760 TI - A review of non-Hodgkin's lymphomata of the head and neck. PMID- 7214761 TI - The effect of vindesine therapy on the in vitro immune response of patients with advanced malignant melanoma. PMID- 7214762 TI - The significance of lymph nodes detected by xeroradiography in cancer of the breast. PMID- 7214764 TI - Patient attitudes to chemotherapy for advanced gastro-intestinal cancer. PMID- 7214763 TI - The role of axillary lymphoscintigraphy in the diagnosis of breast cancer. PMID- 7214765 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): its role as a tumour marker in breast cancer. PMID- 7214766 TI - Persisting and gross elevation of serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels after removal of tumour bulk. PMID- 7214767 TI - A case of carcinoid tumour of the thymus in association with hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7214768 TI - Urea--treatment of liver metastases. PMID- 7214769 TI - Comparative evaluation of quantitative glomerular filtration rate measured by isotopic and nonisotopic methods. AB - Good correlation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured isotopically from plasma disappearance of Tc-99m-DTPA (Sn) was shown with inulin clearance, creatinine clearance, and graded radionuclide imaging. The isotopic GFR is a simple, urineless technique not requiring continuous infusion that enables one to perform simultaneous renal imaging with one radiotracer. PMID- 7214771 TI - Value of thyroid carcinoma imaging after therapeutic doses of radioiodine. AB - Thyroid carcinoma scans in the immediate post-therapy period after therapeutic doses of I-131 for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma showed additional lesions in ten of 24 (42%) patients or on 13 of 42 (31%) occasions, whereas the corresponding pretreatment diagnostic scans done with a small test dose failed to reveal the lesions. In four patients, lesions were only discernible on the regional rectilinear scan views and not on the total-body images. The value of post-therapy scans and the importance of obtaining the regional views are emphasized. PMID- 7214770 TI - Feasibility of low doses of I-131 for thyroid ablation in postsurgical patients with thyroid carcinoma. AB - The feasibility of using low doses of I-131 (30 mCi) for ablation of thyroid remnants following surgery for papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma was examined in 21 patients. Six weeks following near-total thyroidectomy and three days following intramuscular thyroid-stimulating hormone (10 IU), patients were given 30 mCi of I-131 and scans were performed 24 to 72 hours later. Remaining thyroid tissue was identifiable in the thyroid bed in 19 patients, and two patients also had evidence of cervical metastases. Patients with metastases received an additional 100 mCi of I-131. Follow-up I-131 scans were performed at nine to 15-month intervals in ten patients who initially received 30 mCi of I 131, and only one patient showed complete ablation of the residual thyroid tissue, whereas the remaining nine patients had persistent uptake of I-131 in the same regions in which the uptake was seen in the initial postoperative scans. One of the nine patients had evidence of a cervical metastasis as well. It is therefore apparent that total or near-total thyroidectomy rarely removes all thyroid tissue and that an "out-patient" dose of I-131 is not adequate for ablation of postoperative thyroid remnants. PMID- 7214772 TI - Free thyroxine and free thyroxine index in women taking oral contraceptives. AB - This study compares the accuracy of the free thyroxine index and free serum thyroxine radioassay in evaluating the metabolic status of 36 euthyroid women, 17 of whom were taking oral contraceptive drugs. Results indicate that the free thyroxine index does not uniformly compensate for estrogen-induced elevations in total serum thyroxine concentrations and that the free serum thyroxine is the test of choice in assessing the functional thyroid status of women taking oral contraceptive drugs. PMID- 7214776 TI - Operative obstetrics. Problems and perspectives. PMID- 7214774 TI - Gallium accumulation in a urinoma secondary to ureteral trauma. AB - In patients with trauma to the ureter, Ga-67 accumulation may represent a urinoma rather than abscess formation. Comparison with other radiologic studies may help to confirm this diagnosis. PMID- 7214775 TI - Brain scintigraphy: sinus pericranii. PMID- 7214773 TI - Tc-99m-pertechnetate scanning in metastatic thyroid carcinoma: a case report. AB - Radionuclide imaging with Tc-99m-pertechnetate in a patient with a mixed papillary-follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland showed evidence of increased radioactivity at sites of functioning metastases. The use of Tc-99m-pertechnetate as well as I-131 for imaging in search of functioning thyroid metastases is discussed. PMID- 7214779 TI - General pediatric practice. An academician's challenge. PMID- 7214777 TI - Cervical cerclage. PMID- 7214778 TI - The effect of malnutrition on the pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone. AB - The pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone were studied after a single oral dose of 6 mg/kg bodyweight in 35 adult male subjects with differing nutritional status. The elimination half-life was significantly shorter and plasma clearance accelerated in undernourished patients who had significant weight deficit and low serum albumin concentration. Plasma protein binding was only 86% compared with 95 to 96% in normal subjects (smokers and non-smokers). The apparent volume of distribution was also higher in undernourished patients. Significant correlations were observed between serum albumin, protein binding and bodyweight. Multiple regression analysis of the data indicated that altered drug protein binding partially contributed towards variation in half-life and clearance; and the plasma albumin concentration significantly influenced the amount of drug bound in plasma. The results indicate that nutritional status is one of the important environmental variables that can alter drug kinetics and disposition in man. Further studies, including measurement of steady-state plasma concentrations of various other drugs, are necessary to elucidate drug kinetics in malnourished subjects. PMID- 7214780 TI - Residency training in community pediatrics. AB - A required PL-3 rotation in community pediatrics, including assignments to preschool and school settings, private pediatric offices, and in-hospital responsibilities, is described. A university-affiliated community hospital provides the organizational base for the program. After 14 PL-3 rotations, analysis of program content, as well as resident and community response, shows the experience to be a practical and workable model for incorporating community pediatrics into residency training. PMID- 7214781 TI - Hearing assessment of at-risk infants. Current status of audiometry in young infants. AB - This study reports hearing status of a consecutive series of infants who had required neonatal intensive care. A relatively high percentage of infants demonstrated hearing impairment. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the pediatrician who often serves a "case manager" role for families. An underlying assumption is that pediatricians are better equipped to advise parents and make referral decisions if they have an awareness of the current audiologic assessment strategies for infants and young children. The strengths and limitations of the currently employed methodologies are defined and discussed. PMID- 7214783 TI - The case of mandatory seat restraint laws. AB - Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death and injury to children over one year of age in the United States. About 800 motor vehicle occupants less than four years old are killed each year and tens of thousands are injured severely enough to require emergency room treatment. Studies have demonstrated that the vast majority of children ride unprotected in motor vehicles. Restrained children are likely to have milder injuries or no injuries at all. One study intimates that seat belts or restraints could reduce injuries up to 70 per cent and deaths up to 90 per cent. Various educational efforts have been attempted to increase restraint and belt use. Most have not worked. Seat belts laws in other countries have been effective in increasing belt use by adults when the laws are enforced. In Tennessee, where a mandatory seat restraint law has been part of a large-scale educational effort, restraint use has increased from an average of 9 per cent prior to the law, to an average of 18.7 per cent in the fall of 1979. Because the problem of motor vehicle-related deaths and injuries is widespread and because legislation holds some promise for amelioration of this problem, pediatricians and public health professionals should work toward the passage of such laws. PMID- 7214782 TI - Patient-reported compliance with cystic fibrosis therapy. AB - Parents and patients in the Rhode Island Cystic Fibrosis Center were interviewed to determine the extent of compliance with various aspects of the therapeutic regimen. Current patterns of compliance were compared with retrospective clinic records of reported compliance up to 8 years prior to the time of study. Actual clinic attendance and reported compliance with medications were high. Patients reported significantly lower compliance with diet and chest physiotherapy. Most patients reported less compliance with chest physiotherapy at the time of study than 3 to 8 years earlier, regardless of the severity of their lung disease. Patients frequently reported self-medication with non-prescribed vitamins, antibiotics, or other drugs. Patients' perceptions of the severity of their disease and the possible adverse consequences of discontinuing therapy probably contribute to both good medication compliance and self-medication. PMID- 7214784 TI - Infant lumbar puncture: a teaching simulator. PMID- 7214786 TI - Reliability of the toxic screen in drug overdose. AB - To determine the reliability of the laboratory in detecting drugs taken by overdosed patients, we evaluated laboratory performance on an unbiased sample of actual clinical specimens. Replicate serum and urine samples from a series of 20 consecutive clinically overdosed patients were sent to three commercial laboratories and one academic research laboratory for identification and quantification of intoxicating agents. All laboratories used the advance analytical techniques of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results suggest that laboratories do not reliably identify drugs in the serum of overdosed patients, partly because of technical limitation, partly because of laboratory error, and possibly because of inadequate specimens. Drugs judged responsible for the overdose were identified in only 50% to 70% of the cases, depending on the laboratory. Reported concentrations sometimes varied over a 10 fold range. PMID- 7214785 TI - Protecting the scientific integrity of a clinical trial: some ethical dilemmas. AB - Physicians who participate in clinical trials are mandated or encouraged to adhere to fundamental conditions than enhance the scientific validity of medical research. In some situations compliance with the study protocol may threaten the delivery of optimal care and raise ethical dilemmas among the staff. Moral conflicts may occur with respect to recruitment, control groups, randomization, blind assignments, patient withdrawals, and the use of supplementary therapies that could weaken statistical power. In designing and managing clinical trials, steps can be taken to reduce the likelihood of conflict between scientific inquiry and medical practice. Special means of protecting patients in the study can be introduced. Recognizing the existence of ethical dilemmas is a necessary prelude to the quest for objective solutions. PMID- 7214787 TI - Hemodynamic effects of morphine and nalbuphine in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Hemodynamic effects of morphine and the new narcotic analgesic, nalbuphine, were compared in a randomized, double-blind study in 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction (11 men and four women, average age 56.2 yr) and normal group mean hemodynamic function. During a 1-hr evaluation the hemodynamic effects were small but there were changes in several parameters. Morphine reduced heart rate (78 to 72 bpm, p less than 0.01) and diastolic and mean arterial pressures (69 to 64 mm Hg, p less than 0.05; and 91 to 84 mm Hg, p less than 0.05); nalbuphine was associated with a decrease in heart rate (82 to 72 bpm, p less than 0.01), decrease in cardiac index, which remained within the normal range (3.16 to 2.75 l/min/m(2), p less than 0.01), and an increase in systemic vascular resistance (1,204 to 1,461 dynes . sec . cm(-5), p less than 0.05). Neither drug altered systolic arterial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, stroke index, stroke work index, or pulmonary vascular resistance. Echocardiographic assessment revealed diminution of left ventricular mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening after nalbuphine (1.26 to 1.08 circ/sec, p less than 0.05). Both drugs induced small reductions in respiratory rate and arterial pH and increases in PAO2. There were no changes in PaO2. Because of the absence of clinically important deleterious effects on cardiac pump function, nalbuphine merits further investigation as an analgesic in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7214790 TI - Effect of erythromycin base on theophylline kinetics. AB - Because of several recent reports describing altered theophylline elimination in the presence of salts of erythromycin, the effect of a 10-day course of erythromycin base on theophylline kinetics was studied in eight healthy adult men. Theophylline (4 mg/kg) was given on four separate study days: (1) prior to starting erythromycin, (2) on the third day of erythromycin administration, (3) on the tenth day of erythromycin administration, and (4) 2 weeks after the course of erythromycin was completed. Mean theophylline kinetic parameter values on each of the 4 study days were: apparent volume of distribution (Vd), 0.466, 0.466, 0.472, and 0.470 1/kg; elimination half-life (t1/2), 7.4, 7.8, 8.5, and 7.0 hr; and total body clearance (ClB), 0.747, 0.723, 0.683, and 0.821 ml/min/kg. A maximum decrease of 20.7% in theophylline ClB was noted by the third study day. Two weeks after erythromycin was discontinued, the greatest increase in ClB observed was 45.7%. Differences in t1/2 and ClB between the third and fourth study days were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). PMID- 7214789 TI - Theophylline metabolism in premature infants. AB - The theophylline metabolite pattern in premature infants was studied with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identities of metabolites were established by retention time indices and mass chromatograms. In the steady state of a multiple-dose regimen, the urinary metabolites of theophylline identified and quantified were caffeine (9.6 plus or minus 4.8%), theophylline (50.4 plus or minus 6.7%), 3-methylxanthine (1.3 plus or minus 0.7%), 1,3-dimethyluric acid (27.7% plus or minus 8.8%), and 1-methyluric acid (9.3 plus or minus 5.4%). Those in plasma were caffeine (21.4 plus or minus 6.1%), theophylline (73.6 plus or minus 6.5%), 3-methylxanthine (0.7 plus or minus 0.4%), 1,3-dimethyluric acid (2.6 plus or minus 1.2%), and 1-methyluric acid (0.6 plus or minus 0.3%). Occasionally, theobromine, the metabolic breakdown product of caffeine, was found in urine and plasma in small quantities. The demethylation pathway occurring predominantly in adults was substituted by N-methylation to caffeine in premature infants; the other major metabolic pathway of theophylline in adults, C-8 oxidation to 1,3-dimethyluric acid, was slightly diminished. We concluded that the enzyme systems responsible for the C-8 oxidation of theophylline are relatively active in premature infants and that the development of the enzyme systems responsible for oxidative demethylation of theophylline lags behind. The oxidation and demethylation pathways of theophylline in premature infants are significant. PMID- 7214788 TI - Effect of intravenous metoprolol on reversible obstructive airways disease. AB - We gave increasing doses of metoprolol intravenously to seven subjects with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were also receiving their usual bronchodilators. Six of the seven tolerated up to 0.2mg/kg metoprolol without adverse effects, although there were declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). At 0.15 mg/kg mean FEV1 fell 12% (p less than 0.025), and at 0.2 mg/kg mean decline in FEV1 was 15% (p less than 0.01). These findings suggest that 0.2 mg/kg metoprolol may be given intravenously to most patients with COPD in addition to previously administered bronchodilators without precipitating clinically significant adverse effects. Any side effects that develop can be reversed by beta agonists. PMID- 7214791 TI - Fenoprofen and codeine analgesia. AB - Studies were conducted on postpartum and postoperative patients to estimate the dose-response line of fenoprofen and to contrast it with codeine and placebo. The postpartum patients included women with episiotomy pain and with uterine cramping. This mix allowed contrast of ability of the various pain models to distinguish codeine from placebo. The methodology for the studies was single-dose parallel groups design with interviews conducted by trained nurse observers to obtain subjective responses. More than 850 patients participated in the trial. The results indicate that fenoprofen at doses as low as 12.5 mg has analgesic properties. In each of the five studies, the mean value of 100- and/or 200-mg doses of fenoprofen for the variable sum of the pain intensity difference (SPID) was higher than that of 65 mg codeine. The pooled relative potency calculation based on SPID suggests that 100 mg fenoprofen is approximately equivalent to 60 mg codeine. In their ability to distinguish codeine from placebo, patients with uterine cramp, episiotomy, or surgical pain did not appear to differ. PMID- 7214792 TI - A comparison of methods of lidocaine administration in patients. AB - A three-step method for administering lidocaine intravenously was developed and tested in 19 patients. Of all plasma concentrations measured, 70% were within the desired range of 2 to 4 micrograms/ml after the new method of lidocaine administration. Compared with other methods it is superior with respect to percent of time in the therapeutic range. No ventricular arrhythmias were evident, and no toxicities were associated with the new method. Infusions of lidocaine for more than 6 hr were associated with progressive increases in plasma concentrations that were higher (p less than 0.01) at 24 hr than at 6 hr. PMID- 7214793 TI - Analgesic drugs in breast milk and plasma. AB - The disposition of salicylic acid, phenacetin, caffeine, and codeine, and two metabolites, acetaminophen and morphine, was studied in breast milk and plasma of two lactating mothers after single oral doses of a compound analgesic. Salicylic acid penetrated poorly into milk, with peak levels of only 1.12 to 1.60 micrograms/ml, whereas peak plasma levels were 33 to 43.4 micrograms/ml. The drug was also eliminated more slowly from milk than plasma. In contrast, caffeine and phenacetin kinetics in breast milk and plasma were similar, but milk levels were somewhat lower than plasma levels in both subjects. Metabolically produced acetaminophen levels in both fluids were much higher than those of the parent drug, phenacetin, in one subject, but early plasma and milk phenacetin levels exceeded those of acetaminophen in the other subject, thereafter dropping sharply to assume the pattern of the first subject. Elimination of the metabolite, acetaminophen, from milk was slower than from plasma (subject 1, half-life (t1/2) of drug in milk, 4.7 hr; t1/2 in plasma, 2.9 hr). In both subjects codeine concentrations in milk were 1.5 to 2.4 times as high as in plasma at the same times after drug. Metabolically produced morphine levels in milk from both mothers were low but exceeded those in plasma after 1 hr. Calculations based on average milk concentrations over the 12 hr after drug in subject 1 revealed milk excretion of 0.7% or less of the ingested dose of each drug. Similar calculations based on predicted steady-state milk drug concentrations in subject 2 indicated maximum milk excretion of 2.7% of the dose. In each case caffeine was excreted in the milk in the greatest amount. PMID- 7214794 TI - Prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced antidiuresis by furosemide infusion. AB - In patients receiving high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy (HDCPT), urinary flow rate, serum sodium concentration, and renal free-water clearance frequently decrease in the 24 hr after drug. High urinary flow rates, which may minimize other cyclophosphamide-related symptoms, are difficult to achieve in the face of the antidiuretic effect. Five patients receiving a total of 30 doses of HDCPT (greater than 50 mg/kg) were studied to assess the effect of continuous furosemide infusion on cyclophosphamide antidiuresis. In two patients receiving various diuretic regimens, only the continuous infusion of furosemide was associated with maintenance of high urinary flow rates and normal serum sodium concentrations. Four patients studied prospectively while receiving HDCPT maintained renal free-water clearance as well as high constant urinary flow rates and normal serum sodium concentrations. Concurrent studies of furosemide disposition revealed that renal excretion of furosemide was unchanged during the continuous infusion and that the diuretic effect was sustained throughout the therapeutic course. The only furosemide-related side effect identified was hypokalemia, which was easily managed with potassium chloride given intravenously. PMID- 7214795 TI - Adrenocortical function after chronic inhalation of fluocortinbutyl and beclomethasone dipropionate. AB - Fluocortinbutyl (FCB) is a C-21 ester, topically active corticosteroid; no adrenal suppression has been noted after large doses. We compared safety and effects on adrenocortical function of orally inhaled FCB (40 mg/day), beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) (2 mg/day), and placebo administered in four monitored divided doses for 4 wk by three groups of five healthy men. Circadian plasma cortisol concentration and daily urinary free cortisol excretion were determined before and after 3- and 4-wk exposure. Although pretreatment mean area under the curve (micrograms . hr . dl-1) for plasma cortisol did not differ among groups, mean values after weeks 3 and 4 of treatment were lower (p less than 0.05) in the BDP group (95.1 and 83) than in the FCB (155.8 and 153.7) and placebo (141 and 135.8) groups. Mean urinary cortisol excretion after week 4 for the BDP group (29 micrograms) was less (p less than 0.05) than in the FCB (59 micrograms) and the placebo (69 micrograms) groups. Slopes of individual regression lines noting time trends in plasma and urinary cortisol in the BDP group were negative and less (p less than 0.05) than those of the other groups. A cosyntropin test given intravenously after 4 wk of exposure resulted in similar plasma cortisol responses among groups. No serious adverse effects were noted. Thus after long-term high-dose treatment BDP but not FCB suppressed basal adrenocortical function, but neither suppressed the adrenocortical response to cosyntropin. PMID- 7214796 TI - Diazepam interaction with antituberculosis drugs. AB - The influence of antituberculosis drugs on diazepam disposition was assessed in a series of volunteers and patients who received single intravenous doses of diazepam. In study 1, nine healthy subjects received diazepam in the drug-free control state and again during treatment with isoniazid (INH), 180 mg/day. INH did not alter diazepam volume of distribution (Vd) or protein binding, but prolonged mean elimination half-life (t1/2) from 34 to 45 hr (p less than 0.02), and reduced total clearance from 0.54 to 0.40 ml/min/kg (p less than 0.02). In study 2, diazepam disposition in a group of seven tuberculous patients on triple therapy with INH, ethambutol (EMB), and rifampin (RIF) was compared with that in healty drug-free controls matched for age and sex. Diazepam Vd and protein binding were nearly identical between groups, but mean t1/2 among patients (14 hr) was significantly shorter than in controls (58 hr, p less than 0.01) and total clearance correspondingly increased (to 1.50 from 0.37 ml/min/kg, p less than 0.01). Study 3 compared six newly diagnoses tuberculous patients receiving initial therapy with EMB alone with age- and sex-matched controls. Diazepam unbound fraction in patients tended to be higher than in controls, and diazepam Vd and clearance tended to be lower but the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, diazepam clearance is impaired and t1/2 prolonged by administration of INH alone. Markedly increased clearance and shortened t1/2 in triple-therapy patients is probably due to enzyme-inducing effects of RIF. Dosage of diazepam may require adjustment in patients with tuberculosis on chemotherapy. PMID- 7214797 TI - Steady-state relative potency of aldosterone antagonists: spironolactone and prorenoate. AB - The dose ratio approach was used to define the steady-state relative potency of the competitive mineralocorticoid antagonists prorenoate potassium and spironolactone in six healthy male subjects using fludrocortisone as mineralocorticoid agonist. Log fludrocortisone dose-response relationships in the presence or absence of antagonists did not differ from linearity and parallelism, supporting the theoretical basis of the method. Urinary sodium and plasma potassium responses appeared to behave according to the law of mass action, which made possible estimation of the potency of prorenoate relative to spironolactone on a weight basis-4.2:1 (95% C.L. 2.7-6.9:1) and 2.68:1 (95% C.L. 0.71-6.57:1, respectively. The steady-state relative potency for sodium excretion was greater than previously estimated after single doses. Mass action theory could not explain the urinary potassium and log 10 Na/K responses to repeated doses of spironolactone, precluding valid estimation of relative potency for these variables and suggesting that the latter response alone is an unreliable index of overall renal antimineralocorticoid activity. PMID- 7214798 TI - Basis of false-positive glucagon tests for pheochromocytoma. AB - In more than half of 67 patients suspected of having pheochromocytoma, glucagon stimulation increased plasma free norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) 50% or more, with rising blood pressure or pulse rate; only three patients, however, harbored a pheochromocytoma. A low degree of catecholamine conjugation accounts for most of the false-positive results. In patients with low conjugated NE +E there was a greater rise in free NE +E and free E as well as in pulse rate after glucagon stimulation than in those with normal levels of conjugated NE+E. Glucagon-sensitive adenylate cyclase was found in pheochromocytomas but not in a functional adrenocortical adenomas. After sham administration of glucagon, there were rises in blood pressure but not in free NE or E in four patients. The glucagon-induced catecholamine test can be false-positive in hyperadrenergic essential hypertensive patients with abnormally low conjugated NE +E. Saline alone in a sham glucagon test in susceptible patients raises systolic blood pressure and pulse rate, and therefore, if plasma free NE and E are measured and found not to rise this type of false-positive result can be eliminated. PMID- 7214799 TI - Nalidixic acid kinetics after single and repeated oral doses. AB - The kinetics of nalidixic acid (NA) and its two metabolites, 7-hydroxynalidixic acid (HNA) and 7-carboxynalidixic acid (CNA) were studied after a single oral dose and after two doses a day for 7 days. Total unconjugated NA, HNA, and CNA concentrations in plasma and urine samples were assayed by a new high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique. NA was rapidly absorbed and hydroxylated to HNA. Both were rapidly excreted in urine with an apparent elimination half life (t1/2) of 6 to 7 hr. CNA was never detected in the plasma, although it accounted for about 25% of total urinary NA and metabolites. No major sex-related differences in the kinetics and the metabolic pattern were observed. During the 7 day treatment there was no significant cumulation of NA and HNA. The study demonstrated that the concentration of the active compounds, unconjugated NA and HNA, was more than five times the minimum bacteria inhibiting concentration for 8 hr after drug and slightly above this concentration during the next 4 hr. PMID- 7214800 TI - The effect of contrast media of low osmolality on the peripheral arterial blood flow in the dog. AB - The intravascular contrast media in current use are solutions of salts of tri iodinated substituted benzoic acids. Haemodynamic changes following injection of these contrast media are due mainly to their high osmolar concentration which is five to eight times physiological levels. In this study we compare the effect in dogs on femoral arterial flow following femoral arterial injection of three new low osmolality contrast media (Amipaque, Iopamidol and Hexabrix) compared to conventional contrast media (Coronary 280). Conventional salts such as Conray 280 cause a marked vasodilatation and increase in femoral blood flow to about twice pre-injection levels. The three new low osmolality contrast media cause much less vasodilation and increase in femoral blood flow (+32%). There was no significant difference between the effects of any of the three new media. The experiment suggests that any of three new low osmolality contrast media should be suitable for femoral arteriography as they cause much less vasodilatation (and therefore discomfort) than conventional contrast media. Our results do not indicate a preference for any of the three new contrast agents. PMID- 7214801 TI - Angiocardiography with metrizamide in the neonate and infant. AB - The non-ionic contrast medium metrizamide was compared with a routine ionic medium (sodium methyl-glucamine diatrizoate) in a series of 16 patients with congenital heart disease, all under 11 kg body weight, undergoing angiocardiography. Despite a higher viscosity, metrizamide yielded images of equal quality to those of the ionic medium, and was clinically better tolerated. Metrizamide produced a significantly lesser effect on plasma osmolality, a parameter closely related to contrast medium toxicity. Other biochemical parameters showed insignificant changes. Metrizamide is therefore a more suitable contrast medium for angiocardiography and despite its cost should be considered for patients with serious congenital heart disease who are in poor clinical condition. PMID- 7214803 TI - Epidurography using metrizamide an out-patient examination. AB - An improved technique of epidurography using metrizamide is described. Fifty patients were examined in order to establish whether the technique can be satisfactorily performed as an outpatient procedure and whether it is as useful as radiculography. The findings indicate that metrizamide epidurography is a safe examination, providing at least as much information as radiculography. Our patients tolerated the examination well, avoiding the after effects associated with intradural techniques, and were able to leave hospital a few hours later. No untoward sequelae occurred. PMID- 7214802 TI - The use of metrizamide (amipaque) to visualise the gastrointestinal tract in children: a preliminary report. AB - Metrizamide (amipaque) has not been used previously as a diagnostic contrast agent in the gastrointestinal tract. Metrizamide is a water-soluble isotonic contrast material having many advantages over barium and existing hypertonic water-soluble agents. There are many clinical situations in children in which metrizamide should be the contrast agent of choice for investigating the gastrointestinal tract. Four neonates are presented in whom barium or gastrografin were absolutely contraindicated. In each case metrizamide gave excellent visualization of the gastrointestinal tract. It could be followed through be bowel giving excellent visualisation even up to 120 h after ingestion. No harmful effects were noted in the four cases studied. PMID- 7214804 TI - Iotroxamide studies in man--biliary iodine levels following bolus injection and slow infusion. Comparison with ioglycamide. AB - The concentration of iodine in the bile of patients with indwelling T-tubes has been measured following administration of the new cholangiographic agent Iotroxamide. Studies have been performed after administration of the contrast agent by both 10 min bolus injection and 1 h drip infusion techniques. Comparison has been made with the iodine concentrations obtained after administration of equimolar amounts of Ioglycamide. There was no significant difference in the biliary iodine levels obtained with the two methods of administration when Iotroxamide was the contrast agent employed. However, with Ioglycamide the slow infusion technique produced higher iodine levels than the bolus injection method (P less than 0.05). Comparison between the two agents reveals that, whichever administration technique is used, Iotroxamide provides higher iodine levels than Ioglycamide. After bolus injection the superiority for Iotroxamide is in the region of 20% and after slow infusion is of the order of 10--15%. It is concluded that Iotroxamide is likely to prove superior to Ioglycamide as a cholangiographic agent. In terms of opacification of the biliary tree there is little to choose between bolus injection and slow infusion techniques when using Iotroxamide and the relative toxicity of the two techniques should be the major factor in determining which method is employed in clinical practice. PMID- 7214805 TI - Effect of intravenous glucagon on the biliary secretion of a cholangiographic agent in man. AB - This study was undertaken in an attempt to define the mechanism whereby intravenous glucagon enhanced bile duct and gallbladder opacification at the time of infusion cholangiography. Seven post-operative gallstone patients with indwelling t-tubes were given a 1 h infusion of intravenous iotroxamide at a rate of 4.1 mg/kg body weight/min. Bile samples were collected by gravity drainage and assayed for iotroxamide and hence biliary iodine concentration. At the end of the 1 h infusion the mean biliary excretion rate (+/- s.e.m.) of iotroxamide was 26.1 +/- 3.4 mg/min and the iodine concentration in bile 9.7 +/- 1.2 mg/ml. 1 mg of intravenous glucagon given over 30 s at the end of the iotroxamide infusion produced a significant increase in bile flow (P less than 0.01). The excretion rate of iotroxamide rose rapidly following glucagon to reach a peak value of 43.8 +/- 8.1 mg/min 5 min after the glucagon (P less than 0.05). The enhanced biliary excretion of iotroxamide resulting from the glucagon injection was significant (P less than 0.05) 1, 3 and 5 but not 10 min after the hormone. The intravenous glucagon also caused a small but significant (P less than 0.05) elevation of the biliary iodine concentration to 10.9 +/- 1.2 mg/ml, 3 min after its injection, but by 5 min post-glucagon the iodine concentration in bile had reversed to pre injection levels. The possible clinical implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 7214806 TI - Further experience with glucagon enhanced cholangiography. AB - A series of infusion cholangiograms was obtained using a standard infusion technique of ioglycamide infused at a rate of 0.57 g min-1 over 30 min. Alternate patients were given either 1 or 2 mg of intravenous glucagon and a comparison of the cholangiograms obtained was then made. It has been shown that a dose of 1 mg of glucagon is equally as effective as 2 mg in improving visualisation of the biliary tract during infusion cholangiography. The possible mechanism of the extra opacification is discussed. PMID- 7214807 TI - Fractionated dose cholecystography: a comparison between iopanoic acid and sodium ipodate. AB - Two randomised groups of 100 subjects each, undergoing oral cholecystography, were given either a 6 g fractionated dose of iopanoic acid (Telepaque) or sodium ipodate (Biloptin) to determine the relative merits of this dose schedule. Exclusions to the study were pregnancy and iodine sensitivity. Calculi or abnormal gallbladder opacification were present in 45% of subjects. Both agents were equally effective in demonstrating abnormalities, although bile duct visualisation was better using iopanoic acid (P less than 0.05). Of 46 subjects with abnormal cholecystograms subsequently undergoing surgery, all had the diagnosis confirmed. Side effects occurred in 63% of all subjects, being twice as common in those taking iopanoic acid (P less than 0.01). Sodium ipodate in a large fractionated dose is favoured because of the lower occurrence of side effects without loss of diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 7214808 TI - Chronic cholecystitis and the oral cholecystogram. AB - Gallbladder image density at oral cholecystography has been compared with histological grading of the severity of chronic cholecystitis in resulting cholecystectomy specimens. (i) There was a linear relationship between gallbladder opacification and the grade of chronic cholecystitis. (ii) Removal of patients with either non-opacified gallbladders or abnormal liver function did not alter the linear trend. (iii) The occurrence of gallstones was independent of the degree of gallbladder opacification. (iv) The presence of gallstones did not correlate with the severity of chronic cholecystitis. A standardised oral cholecystographic technique with a grading system for gallbladder image density can be used as an index of the severity of chronic cholecystitis. PMID- 7214809 TI - Cholecystitis: a comparison of real-time ultrasonography and technetium-99m hepatobiliary scintigraphy. AB - It is well established that ultrasonography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy are sensitive in the detection of gallstones and acute cholecystitis respectively. Both, however, seem to have shortcomings in that the sensitivity of the former in the diagnosis of acalculous cholecystitis is not sufficiently high and the latter cannot reveal gallstones. We have examined 44 patients with suspected cholecystitis by these two diagnostic modalities. Their overall correlation was 86.3%. Ultrasonography, which should be the first examination of the gallbladder, was usefully supplemented by the scintigraphy. PMID- 7214810 TI - Tuberculosis of the ribs. AB - The radiological appearances of seven cases of rib tuberculosis are discussed. The combination of rib destruction and an extrapleural soft tissue opacity in an Asian immigrant makes tuberculosis a highly likely diagnosis. The presence of an associated fluctuant chest wall swelling, enables a diagnosis of tuberculosis to be made with confidence even in Caucasians. PMID- 7214811 TI - Tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenopathy in Bradford. AB - During the calendar year 1978, 18 patients who commenced treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in the Bradford Chest Clinic were found to have enlarged mediastinal lymph glands. Sixteen of these 18 patients were adults who thus presented radiographic patterns which have been classically regarded are representing primary tuberculous infection and are usually seen in children but only rarely in adults. All 16 adult patients were immigrants of either Indian or Pakistani origin. Tuberculosis is therefore a common cause of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in the immigrant population and in view of the successful response to therapy it should be considered ahead of the more usual diagnoses of lymphoma, sarcoidosis or metastatic carcinoma. PMID- 7214812 TI - Chest radiograph appearances following the removal of pleural tubes. AB - Appearances on chest radiographs following the insertion and removal of 40 intrapleural tubes in 34 patients are described. Forty-three appearances were identified that were definitely related to tubes. The commonest of these were pleural densities and tube tracks, both of which usually resolved within seven days. Densities accounted for most of the appearances lasting longer than this. Less common appearances were skin holes due to skin puckering around the tube at its site of entry, and small air-fluid levels at the tube tip. A separate group of 14 intrapleural tubes is described: on their removal no chest radiograph appearance was attributable to the tubes. Two further cases are described in which a tube-related appearance was simulated: one by a metastasis, and the other by a healing rib fracture. PMID- 7214813 TI - Intussusception and total body opacification. AB - Because of atypical clinical presentations, two children with intussusception had intravenous urography as their initial examination of following plan films. In both patients the intussusception was outlined by an opaque rim due to the total body opacification effect on the bowel wall. One patient had a target-like blush on following films which strongly suggested the correct diagnosis. The authors do not advocate intravenous urography to diagnosis intussusception, but if this study is performed because of atypical clinical findings, the radiographic sign should be recognized and lead to a barium enema. PMID- 7214814 TI - The distribution of intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in immunoglobulin deficiency. AB - Six patients with the variable immunodeficiency syndrome and associated nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the intestine were studied. Contrary to earlier reports, the nodules were found to be widespread in the large bowel and occurred in all six patients. Nodules were also present in the small bowel in all cases and these were seen predominantly distally. The full significance of the lesions is as yet undetermined but their presence should at least raise the possibility of an immunodeficiency. The importance of employing accurate radiological techniques using a combination of the double contrast enema and small bowel enteroclysis is stressed. PMID- 7214816 TI - An equilibrium radionuclide technique to assess the effect of propranolol on left ventricular function in thyrotoxicosis. AB - Radionuclide imaging of the left ventricular blood pool provides a convenient non invasive method of monitoring left ventricular function. Left ventricular function is characterised by the left ventricular curve which represents all phases of the cardiac cycle and is obtained by a multiple gated equilibrium method (MUGA). Volume curves were obtained over a minimum 1 1/2 h period in 15 normal subjects and in 20 thyrotoxic patients. Changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), maximum ejection fraction rate and total electromechanical time interval were recorded from volume curve data. To assess the effect of pharmacological intervention, serial measurements of LVEF were made before and after 40 mg oral propranolol. In thyrotoxic patients, LVEF decreased by 17% of the initial value and in normal subjects by less than 10% following propranolol. This method can be extended to assess the effects of physiological or pharmacological intervention on left ventricular function in other disease states. PMID- 7214817 TI - Improvements in technique developed over a series of 500 orbital venograms- cavernous sinograms. AB - A technique of orbital venography/cavernous sinography has been developed during a personal series of 500 examinations. By bare finger palpation anterior to the hair line a frontal vein was located and cannulated in all but one of the last 270 cases. Rubber bands and swab compression were used to dilate the frontal veins and subsequently to direct contrast to the ophthalmic veins without requiring help from the patient or an assistant. The popularity of the examination in this Institute is a reflection not only of the contribution it has made to diagnosis and management, but also of the success rate achieved and of its acceptability to patients. PMID- 7214815 TI - Subcutaneous implantation of percutaneous ureteral stents. AB - The authors describe their experience with subcutaneous implantation of percutaneous ureteral stents. Three of the five procedures were complicated by infection, urine leak and/or chronic drainage at some time during their course. One patient developed pressure changes of the skin overlying the implanted tube. The problems encountered in this initial experience are avoidable. Subcutaneous implantation of percutaneous ureteral stents can be useful in the management of appropriate patients. PMID- 7214818 TI - The use of the right decubitus position in computed tomography of the liver and pancreas. AB - Sixty patients underwent computed tomography (CT) with a 20 s scanner of the upper abdomen in the supine and right decubitus positions. The images of the liver were compared. The scores for the hepatic image were better when the patient was in the right decubitus position. The scores for the image of the pancreatic head were about the same in the two positions but improvement occurred in the right decubitus position in nearly half the patients. Scores for the other parts of the pancreas and for the pancreas as a whole were usually worse when in the right decubitus position although improvement did sometimes occur. Scanning in the right decubitus position has been demonstrated to be of value in reducing artefact shadows in the hepatic image and may on occasions improve the quality of the pancreatic image. Accordingly scanning in the right decubitus position is a useful aid when supine views have given poor results or when the presence of a lesion is equivocal. PMID- 7214819 TI - Use of the Curietron at The London Hospital. AB - The Curietron is a remotely controlled afterloading machine for gynaecological low dose rate intracavitary radiotherapy. The Curietron and its installation are described together with specially designed applicators intended to produce a source geometry similar to the Manchester configuration. Some of the practical problems met are discussed. The principal value of the Curietron lies in the marked reduction of radiation exposure to all staff concerned. PMID- 7214820 TI - Results of local excision and radical radiotherapy in early breast cancer. AB - Twenty-seven patients with a T1 or T2 N0M0 breast carcinoma were treated by local excision of the lump followed by radical radiotherapy, using orthovoltage X-rays. The crude survival rate was 100% at three years, 92% at five years, 95% at 10 years. The local recurrence rate was 8% at three years, 12% at five years, 10.5% at 10 years. The radiation dose needed to be tumour lethal is discussed. Our results and those of papers quoted indicate that 4500--5000 cGy (rad) in five weeks, given in five fractions per week, is optimal, provided the primary tumour has ben removed. A further 1000--2000 cGy to the lumpectomy site reduces the incidence of local recurrence. The cosmetic results of our treatment are illustrated. Some telangiectasis was seen but the general appearance and texture of the treated breasts was satisfactory. PMID- 7214821 TI - The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma: a retrospective study 1958--73. AB - Survival and local control data are presented for a series of 109 cases of soft tissue sarcoma treated 1958--73. A five-year minimum follow-up period is available. The two-year and five-year survival rates for the complete series are respectively 80 and 68%. In a comparison of survival results for different histological subgroups we found a 94% two-year survival for liposarcomas compared with 80% for fibrosarcomas and 74% for synovial sarcomas; and five-year survivals of 73, 68 and 51% respectively. Sixty-two per cent of the series achieved local control of the disease after initial treatment, and this figure increased to 83% after further treatment. Eighty-six per cent of tumours of the extremities (66/77) were controlled locally without amputation. Of those in the complete series whose disease recurred, either locally or distantly, 50% experienced this recurrence within one year of initial treatment. In only 7% did the recurrence occur more than five years after initial treatment. These results are encouraging and we conclude that they justify an initial treatment policy of conservative surgery combined with radical radiotherapy. PMID- 7214822 TI - Dacarbazine (DTIC) in malignant melanoma: reduced toxicity with protection from light. AB - Dacarbazine (dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide, DTIC, NSC-45388), is the most effective oncolytic agent in the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma, but its side effects are considerable. These side effects are thought to be due to its photodegradation, which occurs within a few minutes of exposure to light. Fifteen patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were treated with dacarbazine protected from light, without troublesome haematological or other side effects. There was complete disappearance of metastases in 27% of cases and partial response in 47%. All lesions in skin, lungs and liver responded, but only half of the lymph node metastases showed response. It is suggested that dacarbazine should be protected from light during preparation and administration so as to reduce toxicity without influencing response. PMID- 7214823 TI - Incidence of hypothyroidism after radioactive iodine therapy for thyrotoxicosis in Hong Kong Chinese. AB - The incidence of hypothyroidism in 1396 Chinese patients in Hong Kong treated for hyperthyroidism with 131I therapy is presented using the life-table method of analysis. One year after therapy only 6% of patients were hypothyroid, but the subsequent annual incidence was 3.5%, emphasising the need for life-time surveillance of these patients. A higher incidence of subsequent hypothyroidism was found in patients with diffuse surgical treatment, the total dose or number of doses of 131I, the severity of thyrotoxicosis and the age of the patient did not influence the rate of onset of hypothyroidism. The data suggest that in order to minimise the occurrence of hypothyroidism a lower dose of 131I per gram of thyroid mass should be used for patients with small diffuse glands. PMID- 7214824 TI - Primary lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Twenty-two cases of primary lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract are reported. These have been seen over the past 16 years and consist of seven gastric, 13 small bowel and two caecal lesions. This number represents 0.07% of the barium examinations of the stomach and small bowel, conducted over this period. All the cases were examined by the conventional barium meal or barium meal and follow through examinations using non-flocculable barium. All the lymphomas were verified by histological examination. The cases are analysed as to clinical and radiological presentation, and the clinical and radiological diagnostic scores are assessed. There was a very poor diagnostic score on clinical grounds alone; a high diagnostic score for radiological examination of the stomach of 71%, contrasted with a low radiological score of 26% for the small bowel. The radiological features of lymphoma in the stomach and small bowel are described and the differential diagnosis discussed. To improve the diagnostic score on radiological examination, an awareness of gastrointestinal lymphoma is essential, as is a knowledge of the possible radiological changes. The barium examination should carefully search for these changes where lymphoma is clinically possible. PMID- 7214825 TI - The barium enema diagnosis of paracolic abscess. AB - The barium enema diagnosis of 38 cases of paracolic abscess is discussed. The importance of an appreciation of the anatomy of the peritoneum and of the paracolic region is emphasized. Five features of paracolic abscess that can be recognised on double contrast barium enema examination are analysed. These are soft tissue mass; extraluminal gas collection; barium-filled cavitation; displacement, impression or narrowing of the lumen; and mucosal changes. The commonest feature, present in 95% of cases, is displacement or impression or narrowing of the bowel lumen. An analysis according to site and aetiology is presented and the commonest causes found to be diverticulitis and appendicitis. The differential diagnosis is discussed, and differentiation from primary colonic carcinoma, metastases, Crohn's disease, ischaemia and endometriosis is described. PMID- 7214826 TI - Diffuse mucosal granularity in double-contrast studies of Crohn's disease of the colon. AB - The radiographic manifestations of idiopathic ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the colon have been extensively reviewed and are well known. The increasing use of primary double-contrast barium enemas in patients with inflammatory bowel disease has led to enthusiastic reports concerning the differentiation of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Typically, in ulcerative colitis there is a continuous, diffuse granular mucosal pattern, with or without superadded ulceration; in contrast, Crohn's colitis is characterised by discrete ulcers with intervening normal mucosa. In this paper the occurrence of continuous diffuse mucosal granularity in Crohn's disease of the colon is described. Four selected cases are used as illustrative examples to emphasise the non-specific nature of this particular finding. Caution must be exercised in attributing specific mucosal patterns to the various forms of infectious and non infectious colitis. PMID- 7214827 TI - Radiological and endoscopic diagnosis of infrapapillary carcinoma of the duodenum. AB - Primary carcinoma of the duodenum is an uncommon cause of epigastric pain, weight loss, and vomiting. The diagnosis is frequently made at a late stage and the prognosis is poor. These tumours may easily be overlooked if the whole of the duodenum is not examined at barium meal or endoscopy. The clinical, radiological and endoscopic findings in three cases are described and the differential diagnosis is discussed. The possibility of an infrapapillary carcinoma of the duodenum should be considered in all patients with unexplained upper gastrointestinal symptoms or blood loss. PMID- 7214828 TI - Research in diagnostic radiology: a holistic perspective. PMID- 7214829 TI - Intraperitoneal spread of malignancies and its effect on the bowel. PMID- 7214831 TI - Pseudo-subphrenic abscess. AB - The presence of a subphrenic abscess can be established by its soft tissue mass effect especially when it contains gas. In the five patients presented here, gas containing subphrenic abscesses were mimicked by air in loops of ileum; partially loculated air due to subphrenic adhesions in the post-laparotomy patient; layering of denser barium below with gastric content above in a patient with gastric outlet obstruction; and gas in the renal bed after nephrectomy. PMID- 7214830 TI - Subphrenic abscess: the radiological approach. AB - Subphrenic abscess will continually plague the post-laparotomy patient. The high mortality associated with these abscesses can be reduced by diagnosing and draining them early. In 42 patients with 55 subphrenic abscesses, the most important diagnostic modality proved to be conventional radiographs of the abdomen allowing 65% of the subphrenic abscesses to be detected. Other procedures were largely confirmatory in suspicious cases. Thus ultrasound is useful in right subphrenic suprahepatic abscesses while modified upper and lower gastrointestinal studies allow rapid diagnosis of extra-intestinal abscess gas or mass effect. PMID- 7214832 TI - Relief of bileduct obstruction by the percutaneous transhepatic insertion of an endoprosthesis. AB - Benign and malignant biliary strictures can be treated by the percutaneous transhepatic insertion of an endoprosthesis. We report the use of this technique in 44 patients, with a detailed description of the procedure. Insertion was successful in 41, three of whom later had elective surgery, and one, emergency laparotomy for biliary peritonitis. This patient died post-operatively. Cholestasis was relieved in 31 of the remaining 37 patients. Complications occurred in four. Twelve patients, all with malignant disease, died within 30 days of the procedure. The percutaneous insertion of a biliary endoprosthesis is a valuable alternative to surgery in selected patients. Complications can occur, and the prognosis depends on the nature of the underlying disease. PMID- 7214834 TI - An analysis of 200 patients with negative small bowel enemas. AB - Clinical, operative and pathological findings were used to assess the ability of the small bowel enema to exclude organic disease in the small intestine. On the basis of 200 patients with negative small bowel enemas it is concluded that there was a very low incidence of false negative results on clinical grounds and in 36 patients coming to surgery or autopsy, 25 (69%) had no evidence of intrinsic or extrinsic small bowel disease while 11 (31%) had various lesions which are discussed. Review of the radiology in these patients indicated a number of technical problems. PMID- 7214833 TI - Penetration into spleen by benign gastric ulcers. AB - Penetration of the wall of the stomach by a benign ulcer may result in free perforation into the greater or lesser peritoneal cavities. A "confined perforation" occurs when a penetrating ulcer is walled-off by an adjacent structure or organ. The commonest sites of secondary involvement are the pancreas, gastrohepatic omentum, liver, biliary tract, colon and mesocolon. Penetration into the spleen by a benign gastric ulcer is relatively rare and the literature contains few reports of this complication. We report three cases of penetration of the spleen by benign gastric ulcers. In one patient, splenic penetration was predicted pre-operatively by the recognition of splenic tissue in endoscopic biopsy material. PMID- 7214835 TI - Superior gluteal artery haemorrhage following pelvic features controlled by embolisation. AB - Successful embolisation of active bleeding from the superior gluteal artery seen in two patients within the last 12 months is described. Both patients had extensive abdominal and pelvic injuries. One patient eventually died from renal failure and a perforated colon. The other patient is mobile and has been periodically seen in the out-patient department over the past nine months. In both instances, haemorrhage was at the sacrosciatic notch. Early angiography, in patients with extensive pelvic trauma and major blood requirements, with intent to embolise any identifiable bleeding source would appear to be the best initial manoeuvre to prevent exsanguination. PMID- 7214836 TI - Radiological and clinical evaluation of twenty neuroblastomas. AB - The material includes 15 suprarenal and five other retroperitoneal neuroblastomas. All patients were examined by intravenous pyelography which was evaluated with regard to calcification; renal configuration; compression and displacement of the renal pelvis; and renal concentration. It was possible to distinguish between suprarenal and other retroperitoneal neuroblastomas. In five patients the final diagnosis was obtained by selective angiography. Adventitious tumour circulation was not always due to invasion. A brief survey is given of the clinical findings at the time of examination, metastases being present in 75%. Three patients underwent radical surgery, while six were treated conservatively and in 11 patients surgery was either impossible or incomplete. Survival is possible without total removal o the tumour. The survival rate over a five-year period was 30%. PMID- 7214837 TI - Osteoid osteoma: an evaluation of diagnostic modalities. AB - Significant delays still occur in the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma yet in two thirds of cases the plain films show the characteristic features; unfortunately, early changes may be overlooked. A diagnostic approach is proposed for the investigation of focal bone pain in young individuals. Plain radiography is followed by isotope bone scanning with, if possible, a bone blood flow study. Tomography is sometimes helpful in atypical cases. CT scanning is valuable in foci in the axial skeleton including the pelvis. Lesions in the appendages of the vertebrae should be sought in patients with painful scoliosis or lordosis of relatively recent onset. PMID- 7214838 TI - The radiological features of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in homozygous sickle cell disease. AB - Out of a total of 1031 patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease attending a sickle cell clinic in Jamaica, 52 patients were found to have changes of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in 76 hips. Hip involvement was unilateral in 28 patients (31 males and 21 females). The age of onset varied from nine to 45 years in the 40 patients in whom data appeared reasonably reliable and 82% developed this lesion between 10 and 29 years. Radiological change occurred, by definition, in the femoral head in all hips, in the acetabulum in 55 (72%) hips, femoral head migration occurred in 37 (49%) hips, and periosteal new bone formation in 24 (32%) hips. Two broad patterns of involvement were discernible according to the age at which avascular necrosis had occurred. Involvement of the immature femoral head epiphysis resulted in a flattened femoral head, epiphysio metaphyseal overlap, a wide femoral neck and a mushroom deformity of the mature femoral head. In these lesions the articular surface and joint space was generally well preserved and little or no disability resulted in adult patients. Involvement of the mature femoral head was typical segmental, most commonly antero-superior, and with continued weight bearing resulted in collapse of the head and disruption of the articular surface. These lesions caused pain, limitation of movement, and commonly changes of osteo-arthrosis. PMID- 7214839 TI - Infradiaphragmatic presentation of Hodgkin's disease. AB - Twenty patients with infradiaphragmatic presentations of Hodgkin's disease were seen at the Royal Marsden Hospital, London, between 1970 and 1977, 13% of the total number of patients with Stage I and II Hodgkin's disease seen in this period (20 out of 153). All the patients were male. Lymphocyte predominance was seen in 35%, nodular sclerosis in 30%, mixed cellularity in 30% and lymphocyte depletion in 5%. There is a lower incidence of nodular sclerosis than seen with supradiaphragmatic presentations. The average age was highest in patients with nodular sclerosing disease. All clinical Stage I patients had negative laparotomies. An approach to staging and treatment similar to that used for clinical supradiaphragmatic disease appears to yield equally good results. PMID- 7214840 TI - Pilot study of radiotherapy with misonidazole in head and neck cancer. AB - Twenty-nine patients with advanced carcinoma of the upper air and food passages were treated by radiotherapy using a 10-fraction three-week scheme, giving 1.2 g/m2 of misonidazole 4 h before each treatment. Complete tumour regression was observed in 24 of the patients, and at a nine-month follow-up the local tumour control rate is 60%. Sixteen patients developed evidence of peripheral neuropathy. A prospective random controlled trial is recommended to confirm the apparently improved local tumour control from the use of misonidazole in this study. PMID- 7214841 TI - The prognosis of breast carcinoma in women aged less than 40 years. AB - A retrospective analysis has been carried out on 803 patients with breast carcinoma and aged less than 40 years. All the patients were followed up at the Christie Hospital for a maximum for 15 years. The survival for the whole group was 52% at five years, 40% at 10 years and 33% at 15 years. In this study for worsened with decreasing age. When the axillary nodes were involved, the five year survival for patients aged 30 years and younger was only 34% compared to 51% in the 31-35 year group and 57% in the 36-39 year group. At 15 years the comparable figures were 18, 28 and 38% (P = 0.0001). PMID- 7214842 TI - [Use of a new antacid, synthetic hydrotalcite, in duodenal ulcer: clinical endoscopic study compared to cimetidine]. PMID- 7214843 TI - [Treatment of duodenal ulcer with various dosages of cimetidine. Results of a clinical-endoscopic study]. PMID- 7214844 TI - [Pattern of blood viscosimetric values, fibrinogen, and various glycoproteins in patients with obliterating sclerotic peripheral vascular disease treated with 3GS]. PMID- 7214845 TI - [Comparative study of the antipyretic effect of paracetamol and aminophenazone administered by the rectal route]. PMID- 7214847 TI - [The general practitioner in the surveillance of pacemaker therapy]. PMID- 7214846 TI - [Use of carnitine in cardiac insufficiency: clinical contribution]. PMID- 7214848 TI - [Objective evaluation of the efficacy of dietary management of hypercholesterolemia by a gas chromatographic study of plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids]. PMID- 7214850 TI - [Importance of Chlamydia trachomatis in the etiology of nongonococcal urethritis]. PMID- 7214849 TI - [The doctor-patient relationship as a cofactor in the therapy of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7214852 TI - [Current therapeutic aspects of polycythemia vera]. PMID- 7214853 TI - [Prospects for the use of calcitonin in aseptic osteonecrosis of the hip]. PMID- 7214851 TI - [Pipemidic acid in urinary infections of geriatric patients]. PMID- 7214854 TI - [Trimebutine and gastric motility: a tensiographic study]. PMID- 7214855 TI - [Pain in chronic obliterating peripheral arteriopathy. Therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 7214856 TI - [Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of silymarin]. PMID- 7214858 TI - [A case of staphylococcal endocarditis of the tricuspid valve in a drug addict: case report]. PMID- 7214857 TI - [Clinical control of the activity of a new topical steroid: clobetasol propionate]. PMID- 7214859 TI - [Total blood bile acid concentration after meal-test in acute and chronic liver disorders: influence of a choleretic agent. Preventive note]. PMID- 7214860 TI - [Clinical and experimental evaluation of the use of eburnamonine in acute anc chronic cerebro-vascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7214861 TI - [Short-term clinical trial of a clonidine-cyclothiazide combination in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7214862 TI - [Hypolipidemic action of simfibrate in diabetic subjects]. PMID- 7214863 TI - [Clinical effects of thiapride in psychiatric patients]. PMID- 7214864 TI - Contemporary management of common arthritic diseases. PMID- 7214865 TI - Anti-inflammatory agents in arthritis. PMID- 7214866 TI - Bursitis and tendinitis. PMID- 7214867 TI - Traumatic arthritis of the cervical spine. PMID- 7214869 TI - Community medicine: a single discipline. PMID- 7214868 TI - Common athletic knee ligament injuries and their treatment. PMID- 7214870 TI - A study of domiciliary physiotherapy in general practice. PMID- 7214871 TI - Linking birthweight and birth registration data: a postscript. PMID- 7214872 TI - Multiple deprivation and health state. PMID- 7214873 TI - Rethinking Community Medicine: a reflection. PMID- 7214875 TI - Local population projections with special reference to health districts. PMID- 7214874 TI - Methodological kit: monitoring statistics relating to the control of fertility and the provision of abortion. PMID- 7214876 TI - Hospital inpatient statistics: some aspects of interpretation. PMID- 7214877 TI - Prognosis in schizophrenia: individual differences in psychological response to a test dose of antipsychotic drug and their relationship to blood and saliva levels and treatment outcome. PMID- 7214878 TI - Psychodynamic and structured interviewing: a synthesis. I. Rationale. PMID- 7214880 TI - ECT in medication resistant schizoaffective disorder. PMID- 7214879 TI - The reliability of clinical mood assessment: patients' self-reports versus observer ratings. PMID- 7214881 TI - Role satisfaction among psychiatric residents. PMID- 7214882 TI - Gender issues in psychiatric supervision. PMID- 7214883 TI - Change of diagnosis in schizophrenia and first-rank symptoms: an eight-year follow-up. PMID- 7214884 TI - Schizophrenic symptomatology and cerebral dominance patterns: a comparison of EEG, AER, and BPRS measures. PMID- 7214885 TI - Group behavioral treatment of agoraphobia: a preliminary report. PMID- 7214886 TI - Incidence of cosmetic dermatitis. AB - During 1973-1978, 41 cases of contact dermatitis due to cosmetics were recorded at a skin clinic in Stockholm serving a catchment population of about 250,000 people. Most of the cases were of allergic contact dermatitis and due to eye make up and antiperspirants. PMID- 7214888 TI - Nickel penetration through rubber gloves. AB - Positive patch tests confirm nickel penetration through rubber gloves. Dimethylglyoxime (DMG) results indicate that nickel reactivity may occur where DMG testing is negative. PMID- 7214887 TI - Contact urticaria from nickel and plastic additives (butylhydroxytoluene, oleylamide). AB - In two patients urticaria was elicited by contact with nickel-containing objects. Chamber-prick test with nickel sulfate 2.5% in pet. evoked a strong urticarial reaction in both patients. In one of the patients contact with plastic articles also provoked urticaria. A 20-min patch test with several articles of plastic (polyethylene and PVC) and with butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) 1% in ethanol elicited urticarial reactions. BHT is used as an antioxidant in plastic. Furthermore, open patch test with oleylamide (amide of oleic acid) 0.1% in ethanol elicited a strong urticarial reaction in 20 min. This chemical is used as a slipping agent in plastic. PMID- 7214889 TI - Immediate contact allergy to birch leaves and sap. AB - Fresh sap and crushed leaf of birch (Betula verrucosa) were tested with the scratch chamber method in 117 atopic persons, 74 of whom were allergic and 43 nonallergic to birch pollen, and in 33 control patients. Immediate positive reactions to birch sap were seen in 39% and to leaf in 28% of the patients allergic to birch pollen, in one of the birch pollen-negative patients, but in none of the control patients. Birch leaves may cause contact urticaria in the Finnish sauna, where bath whisks made of birch sprigs are traditionally used. PMID- 7214890 TI - Contact urticaria and asthma from denatonium benzoate (Bitrex). AB - A 30-year-old male developed asthma and pruritus after using an insecticidal spray (Pyrex). The same symptoms appeared with an alcoholic skin disinfectant (M sprit) and other spirituous preparations denaturated with denatonium benzoate (Bitrex). An open epicutaneous test (20 min) showed wheal and erythema to Pyrex, M-sprit and Bitrex diluted to 2 x 10(-6) mg 1-1. It is deduced that the contact urticaria elicited from denatonium benzoate was caused by an immunologic mechanism of the immediate hypersensitivity type. PMID- 7214891 TI - Contact allergy to a stocking dye. AB - Fourteen eczema patients, 13 women and one man, were found to have contact allergy to a brown stocking dye which is a mixture of nitro- and aminodiazobenzene and aminoanthraquinone dyes. Eleven of the patients reacted to p-phenylenediamine; nine of 12 tested reacted to aminoazobenzene, nine to Disperse Orange 3 and four to Disperse Yellow 3. Positive epicutaneous test reactions to the dye were found in five of 362 consecutive eczema patients tested (1.4%). PMID- 7214892 TI - Polyvinyl chloride dermatitis not caused by phthalates. AB - Seven cases of contact dermatitis in children due to identification bracelets made of polyvinyl chloride plastic are reported. Patch tests with the bracelets were negative in the five cases tested. It is concluded that the reactions were irritant due to some unknown chemical in the bracelets. The most widely used plasticizers in PVC, phthalates, must have very low sensitizing properties, as only one positive patch test was found in 1532 patch tests with phthalate mix, performed as a joint study by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. PMID- 7214893 TI - Allergenic potential of abietic acid, colophony and pine resin-HA. Clinical and experimental studies. AB - Resin acids are considered to be the main allergens in colophony (rosin). Tall oils also contain resin acids and may then be potential sensitizers. A resin acid concentrate (pine resin-HA) together with Chinese colophony were included in our standard series and applied on 563 patients with contact dermatitis. Fourteen showed an isolated sensitivity to colophony and two to pine resin-HA. Six patients reacted to both test compounds. Guinea pig maximization tests (Magnusson & Kligman 1969) showed that pine resin-HA (2 series) was a grade I allergen, abietic acid a grade III allergen and colophony a grade IV allergen. The risk that the resin acids in tall oils would induce contact sensitivity to workers exposed to tall oil-containing products like cutting fluids and cleansing agents is considered to be minimal. PMID- 7214894 TI - Detection of formaldehyde in corticoid creams. PMID- 7214896 TI - Nickel sensitivity induced by skin clips. PMID- 7214895 TI - Immediate and delayed type reactions to formaldehyde resin in glass wool. PMID- 7214897 TI - Contact dermatitis to military boots in Jordan. PMID- 7214898 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from (foxy) epoxy. PMID- 7214899 TI - Allergy to perfume ingredients. PMID- 7214900 TI - Sensitivity to coconut diethanolamide. PMID- 7214901 TI - Allergy to hydrocortisone-17-butyrate. PMID- 7214902 TI - Contact dermatitis due to diethyl sebacate. PMID- 7214903 TI - Misleading patch test results with aluminum Finn chambers and mercury salts. PMID- 7214904 TI - Psoralen-like photoactivity of the alkaloid dictamine. PMID- 7214905 TI - Contact allergy to the corticosteroid budesonide. PMID- 7214906 TI - Five years experience with the copper T 200 in Shanghai - 856 cases. AB - The Copper T 200 in Shanghai has been found to be a very efficient method of contraception in parous women. 856 insertions were done during the period starting December 27, 1973 to September 30, 1974. A total of 33,566 woman-months was included in the five-year study period. Life-table analysis of data showed the cumulative pregnancy rate to be 4.84, expulsion rate 5.74 and medical removal rate for bleeding or pain to be 22.51 per 100 women. According to the time of insertions, 856 users were divided into three groups; post-abortal 487, post menstrual 264 and nursing period 105. Comparison of results revealed that the cumulative pregnancy rate of the post-abortal group, 2.67 per 100 women, was lower than those of both the post-menstrual group, 6.44 per 100 women, and the nursing period group, 10.48 per 100 women (P less than 0.05). The Copper T 200 is effective at the end of five years of insertion, and post-abortal insertion gives better protection without increased risk of complications. We propose that the Copper T 200 may be used for five years or even longer. PMID- 7214907 TI - A clinical trial of Neo Sampoon vaginal contraceptive tablets. AB - Results are reported of a clinical trial of Neo Sampoon vaginal contraceptive tablets, conducted by the International Fertility Research Program (IFRP) in collaboration with the Dacca Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Of the 150 women enrolled, 115 remained in the study at the end of 12 months. The 12-month cumulative gross life-table rates per 100 women were 6.5 for pregnancy and 24.8 for discontinuation due to other reasons. Discomfort associated with the heart generated by the tablets' effervescence was the primary side effect of Neo Sampoon use, and was one of the major causes of discontinuation. Regularity of use and acceptability of this foaming tablet appeared to be high compared to other barrier methods. Further research is needed on Neo Sampoon and other vaginal contraceptives to develop and promote methods that can help meet the worldwide demand for fertility control. PMID- 7214908 TI - Liver function tests and low-dose estrogen oral contraceptives. AB - Twenty healthy female volunteers were treated with 35 microgram ethinyl estradiol and 0.4 mg norethindrone for a two-month period of time. Liver function tests (serum SGOT, SGPT, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin and prothrombin times) were measured at baseline and control prior to treatment, and at one and two months of therapy. There was a 1.25% incidence of abnormalities in the 320 tests conducted during therapy. During the first month of therapy, there was a 1.9% incidence of abnormal tests. 0.625% incidence of abnormal tests was seen in the second month of treatment. A 5% incidence of abnormalities (single episodes in each parameter) was seen in SGPT, LDH, total bilirubin and prothrombin time levels during the two-month period. This was well below the 10-30% incidence of abnormalities reported with 50-100 microgram of estrogen-containing birth control pills in previous studies. There seems to be little effect on liver function tests with use of estrogen preparations containing 35 microgram ethinyl estradiol. PMID- 7214909 TI - A study of the mechanism of weight gain in medroxyprogesterone acetate users. AB - Twelve non-lactating Thai women using the injectable contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) were studied in order to elucidate the mechanism of weight gain frequently seen among DMPA users. The study design included repeated estimations of body fluid compartments (total, extracellular and intravascular) and of nitrogen metabolism, as well as anthropometric measurements. The mean weight remained constant in this group of women after one year of treatment. But 25% of them demonstrated a mean weight gain of 6.05 kilograms, while another 25% showed a mean weight loss of 3.50 kilograms. None of the subjects (including those who gained and lost weight) showed significant changes in her fluid compartmental size, creatinine excretion rate, or nitrogen metabolism. However, skin-fold thicknesses were positively correlated to body weight changes. It can be concluded that medroxyprogesterone acetate when used as injectable contraceptive does not appear to have significant anabolic or fluid retaining properties, and that weight gain appears to be associated mainly with fat deposition. PMID- 7214910 TI - Use of intramuscular prostaglandin for failure of mid-trimester abortion by another method. AB - Eight investigators, using a common protocol, studied the use of intramuscular (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha to abort midtrimester pregnancies which had failed treatment by other methods in 398 cases. Results of treatment of 3 subgroups, defined by reason for primary treatment failure, are presented. The combined efficacy rate was 96.2% with 79.6% of the abortions being complete. The mean time from starting intramuscular therapy to successful abortion was 7.35 hours. The incidence of gastrointestinal side-effects was lower than that previously reported for systemically administered prostaglandins. Serious complications were not appreciably different from those reported for commonly used methods of second trimester abortion except for a slightly higher incidence of excessive bleeding requiring blood replacement. Advantages of this method over currently used methods of treating failures of primary attempts to induce midtrimester abortion by pharmacologic means are discussed. PMID- 7214911 TI - A study of interaction of low-dose combination oral contraceptive with Ampicillin and Metronidazole. AB - Plasma levels of norethisterone (NET), ethinyl estradiol (EE), Ampicillin or Metronidazole were estimated in 16 women, who were taking low-dose oral combination contraceptive pills (containing norethisterone acetate 1 mg and ethinyl estradiol 30 microgram) and in whom concurrently, either Ampicillin (6 women) or Metronidazole therapy (10 women) was given. Neither Ampicillin nor Metronidazole therapy altered the 'peak' or 24-hour plasma levels and area under the curve, for NET and EE. Furthermore, oral contraceptive treatment did not alter the 'peak' levels of Ampicillin or Metronidazole. Progesterone (P) levels were in the anovulatory range in all Ampicillin treated cycles. However, in Metronidazole treated group, two out of 10 women showed a P rise of more than 4 ng/ml. The study was expanded to include another group of 15 women treated with Metronidazole, where only one women showed a P rise of more than 4 ng/ml. The occurrence of 'escape ovulation' as suggested by P rise of more than 4 ng/ml in three out of 25 Metronidazole treated women is either a chance incidence due to a different pharmacological response in them, or most probably due to the default in the regular intake of pills in these women. This is supported by the observation that one out of three women showing a P rise (greater than 4 ng/ml( during concurrent Metronidazole therapy, also showed ovulatory P values in oral contraceptive-only treated cycles. Furthermore, in the control group also, one out of 10 women had ovulatory P levels (greater than 4 ng/ml) in oral contraceptive-only treated cycles. PMID- 7214912 TI - Post-coital intrauterine device insertion - a further evaluation. AB - A total of 191 patients have undergone post-coital insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device up to ten days post-coitus. The majority of patients were nulliparous and underwent insertion of a standard Gravigard [Copper 7] device. The subsequent expulsion and medical removal rates were normal for this group of patients but the non-medical removal rates were higher. There was one possible post-coital contraceptive failure (0.6%) and one pregnancy at six months due to the device exhibiting a failure to conventional contraceptive action. PMID- 7214915 TI - Anesthesia and the patient with endocrine disease. PMID- 7214913 TI - New antifertility agents active in the rabbit vaginal contraception (RVC) method. AB - Zinc salts in aqueous K-Y Jelly are effective vaginal contraceptives in the rabbit. The minimum effective dose is 54 to 60 mg Zn/ rabbit as acetate, gluconate or lactate. Zinc salts added to suboptimal doses of Ortho-Gynol Jelly or Delfen Cream improves the vaginal contraceptive efficacy of these products. Twenty-seven mg zinc/rabbit as lactate or acetate and 28 mg zinc/rabbit as sulfate or chloride in 0.1 to 0.5 ml of cream or jelly are effective. Gossypol is effective at a dose of 2 mg/rabbit. Although there is some rationale for their use, manganese has no antifertility effect and valium appears to promote fertility. The rabbit vaginal contraception (RVC) method shows undesirable variation but use of sufficient animals yields logical and reliable results. Artificial insemination instead of breeding appears to decrease variation. PMID- 7214914 TI - Fertility and electrolyte composition of the rat cauda epididymal plasma and spermatozoa before and after castration. AB - Attempts have been made to assess the changes in Na+ and K+ concentrations in the cauda epididymal plasma and spermatozoa, and to correlate these parameters to changes in fertility shortly after castration in the rat. Fertility was markedly decreased 3 days after androgen withdrawal. By contrast, spermatocrit and Na+ concentration in spermatozoa were increased on day 2 post-castration. Neither Na+ and K+ concentrations in the plasma nor K+ inside spermatozoa were altered. The results are discussed in terms of a reduction in the epididymal secretion of macromolecules which are responsible for an increase in net Na+ influx into sperm cells. PMID- 7214916 TI - Ocular manifestations of low level phenothiazine administration to cattle. AB - Feeding white face Hereford cattle a high protein dietary supplement containing 1.25% phenothiazine resulted in severe corneal edema when the cattle were exposed to sunlight. The corneal edema was located in the inferior two-thirds of the cornea. In one animal a severe secondary ulcerative keratitis developed. The corneal edema resolved in about 60-90 days after the phenothiazine containing concentrate was removed and the cattle not exposed to bright sunlight. PMID- 7214917 TI - Osteochondrosis of the shoulder joint of the horse. AB - Osteochondrosis of the shoulder joint in the horse was diagnosed radiographically in 54 shoulders of 38 horses. Clinical signs were those of an intermittent lameness characterized as a swinging leg shoulder lameness with pain elicited by extension, flexion or abduction of the limb. Diagnosis of shoulder lameness was supported by blocking the shoulder joint with local anesthetics. Radiographic changes consisted of: (1) alteration in the contour of the humeral head and glenoid cavity, (2) periarticular osteophyte formation, (3) sclerosis of the subchondral bone, and (4) bone cyst formation. The primary bony lesion in the shoulder of the horse is similar to that described in the dog, pig, bull, turkey and broiler chicken. Secondary joint disease is a prominent finding with osteochondrosis of the shoulder in the horse. A follow-up study of 17 horses indicated that many of the affected horses had been sold and were being used for pleasure riding and breeding purposes. Those horses still in use usually had less severe radiographic changes at the time of diagnosis. PMID- 7214918 TI - A method for obtaining abomasal fluid via a rumen fistula. AB - Abomasal fluid was collected from adult cows using a specially designed tube device. The device was placed in the abomasum through a rumen fistula. A filter on the end of the tube filtered out the larger particles so the liquid could be aspirated up a smaller tube placed inside a larger one. The smaller tube reduced the amount of dead space created by the distance from the abomasum to the rumen fistula. PMID- 7214919 TI - Hypercalcitoninism without hypercalcitoninemia. AB - Yearling heifers overfed protein, calcium and phosphorus with a feed recommended for high producing dairy cows developed osteopetrosis and skeletal malformations as a result of retarded bone resorption. Histologic and electron microscopic examinations showed that C cell hyperplasia was also present. The presence of C cell hyperplasia and osteopetrosis supported the diagnosis of hypercalcitoninism. Clinically unaffected heifers were studied by serum chemistry after 1 to 1.5 months on the same diet at age 6 months and after 3 months on an optimal diet to learn whether they showed evidence of hypercalcitoninism as expressed by retarded bone resorption and/or hypercalcitoninemia. The data indicated that bone resorption was retarded and that serum gastrin was elevated in the heifers without skeletal malformations while on the high calcium feed. The heifers were isocalcitoninemic. The data suggested that overfeeding calcium was sufficient to produce hypercalcitoninism but the rate of calcitonin secretion had not exceeded the rate of removal of calcitonin from blood by binding to tissue receptors and by metabolic degradation. Since calcitonin is rapidly removed from blood, hypercalcitoninism may occur without concomitant hypercalcitoninemia. PMID- 7214921 TI - Nonverbal communication of affect in brain-damaged patients. AB - A slide viewing technique designed to assess spontaneous nonverbal expressiveness was administered to 37 male patients including 8 left hemisphere damaged (aphasic), 10 right hemisphere damaged, 9 Parkinson's disease, and 10 non brain damaged (control) patients. Patients watched different types of affective slides while their facial/gestural responses were videotaped. Judges watching the video tapes without audio guessed the types of slide being viewed. Results indicated that aphasic patients were equal to or more expressive than controls, while right hemisphere damaged and Parkinson's disease patients were less expressive. The possibility that spontaneous non verbal expressiveness is mediated by the right cerebral hemisphere, with the left hemisphere playing an inhibitory role, was discussed as a tentative explanation. PMID- 7214922 TI - Left handedness, birth order and birth stress. AB - The handedness of 942 subjects (305 tertiary students, 591 of their siblings and 46 of their children) was ascertained by a 14-item questionnaire. The mothers of the subjects supplied information about maternal age at birth, birth weight and the presence or absence of twelve conditions likely to be associated with birth stress for each subject. No increase in left handedness was found among fourth or later born children. A significant decrease occurred in first-borns of both sexes, although these had more stressful births than the other subjects. No relationship between maternal age, birth weight or reported birth stress and left handedness was found. Thus the hypothesis that birth stress is a major cause of left handedness in normal subjects was not supported. Acknowledgements. We are particularly grateful to the students from the Institute for Early Childhood Development and their families, who provided the data for this study. We also wish to thank Dr John L. Bradshaw for his very constructive comments during the preparation of this paper. PMID- 7214920 TI - Case studies of juvenile leukosis. AB - Clinical signs, hematologic values and gross pathologic changes in two calves with juvenile leukosis were similar to those described in other reports. Although there was considerable variation of hematologic values between the two calves, both were within the range previously determined for leukosis animals. Hematologic variations were observed in sequential samples obtained from one animal in this study during the course of the disease. These data would indicate that the extreme variations observed between animals in juvenile leukosis hemograms may be the result of aberrations caused by differences in relative sampling times. It is suggested that if hematologic parameters are to be meaningfully used as an aid in the diagnosis of juvenile bovine leukosis, multiple hematologic samplings should be taken and correlated with the disease state of the animal and time before death. PMID- 7214923 TI - Verbal-performance discrepancies: relationship to birth risk and specific reading retardation. AB - 169 unselected children were given the WPPSI at 4 1/2 years and the WISC-R at 8 1/2 years. Retrospective data on perinatal risk factors and neurological disease in childhood were collected. Verbal-performance discrepancies at 4 1/2 years were not related to perinatal risk, childhood neurological disease, left-handedness or subsequent reading ability. A weak relationship was found between WISC-R verbal performance discrepancies and perinatal history. At 8 1/2 years, VIQ correlated much more strongly with reading ability than did PIQ. Consequently, the relationship between verbal-performance discrepancy and specific reading retardation depends critically on how reading retardation is defined. Logical problems concerning the definition of specific reading retardation are discussed. PMID- 7214925 TI - Amnesia is not caused by cognitive slowness. AB - It has been suggested that the memory disorder in human organic amnesia might be caused by the slow processing of information. Such slowness might be differentially greater for semantic tasks, and/or for tasks requiring the extraction of multiple features of stimuli, or it might simply be a non-specific slowing. These possibilities were tested in a group of alcoholic amnesics and matched normal controls by presenting subjects with a series of words and requiring them to identify one specified word or one of two specified words, or membership of a specified category or one of two specified categories. Although amnesics' reaction times were slightly slower than controls' the effect was insignificant, and there was no hint of differential slowing in the semantic or multiple processing tasks. It was concluded from these results and a consideration of the reaction time literature that cognitive slowness is unrelated to the main cause of amnesia. PMID- 7214924 TI - Attentional bias and visual field asymmetry. AB - In mixed list tachistoscopic presentation of abstract words and random shapes, the probability of word and shape stimuli was varied to generate attentional bias and selective activation of the left or right hemispheres. While a right visual field advantage in accuracy was observed for words, and an effect of stimulus probability was observed across both visual fields in reaction time, no interactions were found between attentional bias and visual field asymmetry. The results can therefore be explained without reference to the attentional model and did not provide evidence of hemispheric activation or priming. PMID- 7214926 TI - [Amnesic syndrome of posterior cerebral ischemia]. AB - 30 patients with acute onset of memory disturbances and visual impairment (cortical blindness or hemianopsia) are reported. For all of them, there was evidence of posterior cerebral artery ischemia. This clinical syndrome is compared with Dide and Botcazo's case report. The amnesia never recovered in 17 patients and was transient in 13 patients: in 4 of them it occurred during vertebral angiography and in 4 during general anaesthesia with anoxia. The main clinical features of the syndrome and the related bibliography are reviewed. PMID- 7214927 TI - Stimulus competition and ear differences in memory for sentences. AB - Recognition memory was compared within subjects for meaningful sentences presented either non-competitively (monaural condition) or accompanied by non verbal (monaural-noise condition) or verbal (dichotic condition) input. A right ear advantage for sentence memory occurred with dichotic but not with monaural presentation. Error analyses showed evidence of qualitative differences in processing under competitive and non-competitive conditions. These results suggest that different types of linguistic processing may be involved in investigations of auditory asymmetries which employ monaural and dichotic presentation. PMID- 7214929 TI - Multiple birth-risk factors and handedness in elementary school children. AB - The relationships between a set of birth-risk factors, i.e., sex, parity, and maternal age, and handedness were computed for 600 elementary school children. None of these birth-risk variables (or relevant combinations of them) were significantly related to handedness. These data further question the validity of the hypothesis that left-handedness results from stressful prenatal and birth conditions. PMID- 7214928 TI - The aphasics' identification of a superordinate's referents with basic object level and subordinate level terms. AB - In a hierarchically-structured semantic field, words at different hierarchical levels exhibit different scopes of reference. The possibility that fluent aphasics could refer more accurately with a subordinate level term than a basic object level term, due to its narrower scope of reference, was investigated in this study. Non-fluent aphasics, fluent aphasics, subjects with insult lateralized to the right hemisphere, and control subjects were asked to name instances of 20 familial superordinates (e.g., vegetables). Responses which were basic object level names (e.g., squash) and those which were subordinate level names (e.g., acorn squash) were analyzed separately. Aphasics produced fewer responses overall than non-aphasic subjects, although they produced larger proportions of subordinate level responses than non-aphasics. An analysis of the basic object level names revealed that the non-fluent aphasics produced the most highly representative instances of a superordinate, while the fluent aphasics provided the least representative instances, often naming out-of-set referents. In marked contrast, an examination of the subordinate level responses revealed that the fluent aphasics were as accurate as any other subjects in naming out-of set referents. In marked contrast, an examination of the subordinate level responses revealed that the fluent aphasics were as accurate as any other subjects in naming instances of a superordinate. These data, in conjunction with the findings of other recent studies, suggest some to the skills which the fluent aphasics may successfully bring to bear in their attempts to refer with a word. PMID- 7214930 TI - The handedness distributions of gifted and non-gifted children. AB - The handedness distribution of a group of 578 gifted elementary school children (I.Q. = 132) was compared to handedness distribution of 391 non-gifted children (I.Q. less than 132), with the result that the gifted group was significantly less right-handed than their non-gifted peers. These data were discussed relative to Bakan's hypothesis that left-handedness results from stressful prenatal and birth conditions. In addition attention was paid to the possibility of a non linear relationship between intelligence and degree of right-handedness. PMID- 7214931 TI - Birth complications and the distribution of handedness. AB - In an attempt to clarify the relationship between self-reported birth complications and handedness, the handedness distributions of 181 college students who reported birth complications and 1320 students who reported no complications were compared. The results suggest a clear but modest shift in the birth complications group away from the dextral end of the continuum. However these data did not validate the hypothesis that left-handedness results from birth complications. PMID- 7214932 TI - Left-handedness and epilepsy. PMID- 7214933 TI - Spatial disorientation and the Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome. AB - A patient with Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome had a lifelong history of spatial disorientation and visual-spatial cognitive defects demonstrated by psychological tests. We suggest that the abnormalities of behavior and test performance may be related atrophic lesions demonstrated by pneumoencephalography and computerized axial tomography. We consider several explanations to account for the lack of compensation for these cognitive defects. PMID- 7214935 TI - Persistent retrograde memory deficit after transient global amnesia. AB - A 64-year-old woman suddenly had an attack of confusion and amnesia that suggested transient global amnesia. However, her loss of memory for recent events lasted more than ten days and was accompanied by psychomotor agitation and transient alteration of sexual behavior. The patient had no other neurologic signs during the episode. She recovered completely from the recent memory deficit, but was left with a persistent retrograde amnesia for a period of five to ten years and total amnesia for the acute episode. The EEG was suggestive of a left medial temporal lobe lesion. PMID- 7214934 TI - [Anatomo-clinical study of a case of topographic confabulation (or delusion)]. AB - The authors report an observation of a fixed monothematic and long-termed topographical confabulation associated to a topographical disorientation, without mental confusion. Different factors leading to such a confabulation are discussed (alteration of topographical memory, anosognosia of the ambulatory defect, age of the patient). The favourable effect of neuroleptics permit to regard the continuity between confabulation and delirium. Anatomical data prove an isolated right parieto-temporal infarct. PMID- 7214936 TI - Surgical intensive care: current perceptions and problems. AB - To ascertain the problems and needs of surgical ICUs, questionnaires (prepared by the author) were submitted to 50 medical directors and ICU head nurses at major hospital centers throughout the country. Is there a demand for intensive care not being met? If so, why? What is the frequency of overcrowding or need for triage? Thirty-one of the 50 questionnaires were returned, most fully completed. Demographic information about the hospital and surgical ICU itself was obtained. In most hospitals, patients requiring elective surgery and who need postoperative intensive care were not canceled even though no ICU bed was available. The major factor which limited surgical ICU caseload was the lack of ICU nurses needed to manage the volume of patients requiring intensive care in already existing beds and with equipment already purchased and in use. The current nurse:patient staffing ratios are approximately 1:2 in most ICUs. Nurse staffing averaged 82% of the authorized complement (range 15-50%). The ICU nursing turnover rate was extremely variable, ranging from 50-75% per year in seven units to as low as less than 15% in six units. This survey suggests that both large and small hospitals have difficulty carrying out their surgical ICU mission because of the demand for more ICU facilities is outstripping the supply of ICU staff. The medical and nursing critical care societies must address these problems and attempt to solve them. PMID- 7214937 TI - Cerebral function monitoring in deeply comatose patients. AB - The cerebral function monitor (CFM) was used in 26 subjects, deeply comatose for a variety of reasons, in order to determine its value as a prognosticator for survival in this group of patients. Results suggest that it may be useful in predicting outcome in patients who do not regain neurologic competence within 2 h after cardiac arrest and resuscitation. In this group, initial CFM values of 10 muv or above correlated well with survival, and values of 3 muv or below correlated with death. The instrument was not a useful tool in predicting outcome in patients with dynamic primary neurological disorders, although a reduction in the CFM tracing did precede deterioration in clinical neurological function in some. The value of the CFM could not be determined by patients with drug overdosage because of the small size of this group. PMID- 7214938 TI - Ultrasonographic anatomy of the internal jugular vein relevant to percutaneous cannulation. AB - Ultrasonographic scans of the right side of the neck of 16 subjects were done in order to determine the anatomical features relevant to efficient cannulation of the internal jugular vein. The cross sectional area of the jugular vein was estimated from scans at the level of the cricoid as well as 1.5 cm cephalad and caudad to the cricoid; the jugular was significantly larger caudad to the cricoid. A head-down tilt of 14 degrees provided significant distension of the jugular, similar to that produced by a Valsalva maneuver. Both palpation of the carotid and extreme rotation of the head produce anatomical changes that seem to make cannulation of the jugular difficult. PMID- 7214939 TI - Long-term transtracheal high frequency ventilation in dogs. AB - Long-term effects of high frequency percutaneous transtracheal ventilation (HFTV) have not been studied. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of 24 h transtracheal ventilation in dogs at a respiratory rate of 100/min. Four dogs were anesthetized with intermittent pentobarbital and paralyzed with pancuronium. Ventilation in the supine position was through a 14-gauge Angiocath introduced into the trachea through the cricothyroid membrane. A respiratory rate of 100/min was used at an FIO2 of 0.4 using a fluidic logic controlled ventilator. The inspiratory-expiratory ratio was 1:2 and tidal volume 70 ml. The driving pressure of the air-oxygen mixture was 50 psi. After 24 h, residual muscle relaxant was reversed and the animal allowed to recover. There was no significant change in the following parameters over 24 h compared to starting values: PaO2, PaCO2, pH, aortic, central venous, pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery wedge pressures, heart rate, cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), left ventricular stroke work (LVSW), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), C(a-V)O2, oxygen consumption (VO2), pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt). A PEEP effect of 2.9 - 5.0 torr was maintained. All dogs recovered uneventfully. Three days after the experiment, blood gases of 2 dogs were normal. One dog was killed after 3 days; macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the upper and lower airway and pulmonary parenchyma were normal. Dogs can be ventilated for as long as 24 h using HFTV transtracheally at rates of 100/min without adverse cardiopulmonary effects. PMID- 7214940 TI - Complications of the flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter: A prospective analysis in 219 patients. AB - In order to determine and analyze the complication rate of the insertion and maintenance of the balloon-tipped, flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter (PAC), the authors prospectively studied the use of 320 catheters in 219 critically ill patients. Mean patient age was 53 +/- 1 years, and 36% had a history of cardiovascular disease. Mean duration of catheterization averaged 76 +/- 3 h. Major complications occurred in 3% of catheterizations. These included six pneumothoraces; three arrhythmias requiring treatment, one of which was fatal; and one subclavian vein thrombosis. Site complications occurred more frequently in catheters maintained longer than 72 h. These findings suggest that, when indicated in the care of critically ill patients, the properly placed and maintained PAC has an acceptably low morbidity and mortality rate, particularly when used for 72 h or less. PMID- 7214941 TI - Small amounts of hemoptysis as an early warning sign of pulmonary artery rupture by a pulmonary arterial catheter. PMID- 7214942 TI - Mechanism of action of epinephrine in resuscitation from asphyxial arrest. AB - To determine the relative importance of the alpha and beta adrenergic effects of epinephrine in resuscitation, 32 dogs were studied in four groups. Group A (alpha blocked) received phenoxybenzamine, 70 mg/kg; group B (beta blocked), propranolol 5 mg/kg; group C (alpha and beta blocked) both drugs; and group D (control), no drug. After this treatment and 5 min of asphyxial arrest, all animals received closed chest cardiac massage (CCCM), artificial ventilation (AR), and epinephrine, 1 mg, iv. Resumption of spontaneous circulation occurred with the following frequency: group A, 0/8; group B, 6/8, group C, 0/8, group D, 7/8. The difference in successful resuscitation of the alpha blocked animals and the not alpha blocked animals is statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.01). It is concluded that the efficacy of epinephrine in aiding resumption of spontaneous circulation from asphyxial arrest is due to alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation and that beta receptor stimulation is not important in determining outcome. PMID- 7214943 TI - Hemodynamic effects of inotropes during hypothermia and rapid rewarming. AB - The hemodynamic effects of propranolol, lidocaine, and dopamine were studied in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs, cooled to 25 degrees C with a venovenous shunt through a heat exchanger. After 1 h at 25 degrees C, the shunt was converted to an arteriovenous shunt which remained functional until the study was completed. Before rewarming, the authors treated each group of 8 dogs with intravenous doses of the drugs: group 1: 10 ml saline as control; group 2: propranolol 0.3 mg/kg; group 3: 50 mg lidocaine initially, followed with continuous infusion of 40-50 microgram/kg.min; group 4: dopamine infusion at 12 microgram/kg.min; and group 5: lidocaine as in group 3 and dopamine as in group 4. For the dopamine-treated groups, 2 min of infusion was allowed; in all other groups, 5 min elapsed after injection before the hemodynamic data were recorded. The hemodynamic data were collected at esophageal temperatures of 25, 30, and 37 degrees C. The findings were: (1) hypothermia impaired cardiovascular function; (2) lidocaine and propranolol had minimal hemodynamic effects during hypothermia; lidocaine was physiologically more desirable than propranolol; (3) dopamine, alone or combined with lidocaine, reversed the cardiovascular depression from hypothermia; the improvement was equivalent to rewarming by as much as 5 degrees C; and (4) at the completion of rewarming, cardiovascular recovery was more complete with dopamine/lidocaine-treated animals compared to untreated and propranolol-treated animals. Based on these findings, these inotropes appear to be safe adjuncts to resuscitation during hypothermia. PMID- 7214944 TI - Dobutamine: a hemodynamic evaluation in human septic shock. AB - The hemodynamic effect of dobutamine infusion (DI) was studied in 19 patients with septic shock. DI resulted in hemodynamic improvement as indicated by a significant increase in cardiac index (+36%, p less than 0.001), stroke index (+15%, p less than 0.01), mean arterial pressure (+20%, p less than 0.01), and a significant decrease in aVDO2 (-27%, p less than 0.01). This hemodynamic improvement occurred concomitantly with a fall in both right and left filling pressures. Mean systemic arterial resistance remained unchanged with a scatter of individual responses depending on other factors, such as infusion rate, initial vascular resistance, and underlying hemodynamic setting. In patients mechanically ventilated, venous admixture in the lung (Qs/Qt) during DI increased significantly (+30%, p less than 0.001) and insignificantly reduced PaO2, but this adverse effect was not observed when PEEP was used in patients mechanically ventilated. It is concluded that dobutamine can be useful in management of septic shock, particularly when filling pressures are high because of fluid overload or cardiac failure. PMID- 7214945 TI - In vivo continuous monitoring of ionized calcium in dogs using ion sensitive field effect transistors. AB - The authors have used calcium ion (Ca++) sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) probes to monitor in vivo changes in Ca++ activity in the venous blood of dogs in response to infusions of sodium citrate or calcium chloride. During eight experiments, Ca++ activity changes were monitored in response to sodium citrate infusions simulating infusion of 1, 2, or 4 units of citrate preserved blood per 6 min. The ISFET probe recorded decreases in Ca++ activity during all infusions. Periodic serum samples were analyzed off-line using an in vitro ion selective electrode instrument. Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences between off-line sample and ISFET Ca++ activities (p greater than 0.05). A second experiment tested the use of the Ca++ ISFET as a control sensor for maintaining a desired Ca++ level. These studies provided a range of Ca++ activity values for comparison of off-line and ISFET values. Infusion rates of sodium citrate or calcium chloride needed to maintain venous Ca++ activity at 1.0 mEq/L or 3.0 mEq/L for periods of 30 min ranged from 440 to less than 1 mg/min during maintenance periods. Observation of hemodynamics during the calcium ion control maneuvers suggests that calcium ion may be used to improve cardiovascular performance during critical care situations that involve cardiovascular instability. PMID- 7214949 TI - Hazards associated with vascular catheterization. PMID- 7214948 TI - Drown versus near-drown: a discussion of definitions. PMID- 7214947 TI - Accidental diagnosis and resuscitation in a case of cardiac tamponade caused by central transvenous catheter. PMID- 7214950 TI - Critically ill ICU patients requiring ventilatory support. PMID- 7214946 TI - Guide wires--a caution. AB - Popularity of the Seldinger technique of vascular cannulation has resulted in widespread use of spring guide wires. Though employed to make vascular cannulation easier and safer, guide wires are not without potential hazard. The review of guide wire design presented gives the operator an awareness of the potential problems inherent in their use. Three observed complications are described and suggestions are given for enhancement of utility and safety. PMID- 7214951 TI - Calcium in advanced life support. PMID- 7214952 TI - Calcium antagonist drugs--myocardial preservation and reduced vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation during CPR. PMID- 7214953 TI - Alteration of defibrillation threshold by antiarrhythmic drugs: a theoretical framework. PMID- 7214955 TI - Comparison of dopamine, dobutamine, and epinephrine in CPR. PMID- 7214954 TI - Mechanism of action of epinephrine in resuscitation from asphyxial arrest. PMID- 7214956 TI - Fluid therapy in emergency resuscitation: clinical evaluation of colloid and crystalloid regimens. PMID- 7214957 TI - Superiority of colloid over electrolyte solution for fluid resuscitation (severe normovolemic hemodilution). PMID- 7214959 TI - The heart is a conduit in CPR. PMID- 7214960 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography during CPR in man: implications regarding the mechanism of blood flow. PMID- 7214961 TI - Increased intrathoracic pressure--not direct heart compression--causes the rise in intrathoracic vascular pressures during CPR in dogs and pigs. PMID- 7214963 TI - Blood flow without cardiac compression during closed chest CPR. PMID- 7214964 TI - Systolic and mean arterial pressures during manual and mechanical CPR in humans. PMID- 7214962 TI - Optimization of carotid flow during CPR in arrested dogs. PMID- 7214958 TI - Cough supported circulation. PMID- 7214965 TI - Comparison of standard and "new" closed-chest CPR and open-chest CPR in dogs. PMID- 7214966 TI - "Old" and "new" CPR manually performed in dogs. PMID- 7214967 TI - Treatment of malignant ventricular arrhythmias in man with an implanted automatic defibrillator. PMID- 7214969 TI - Ventricular fibrillation masquerading as ventricular standstill. PMID- 7214968 TI - Transchest defibrillation under conditions of hypothermia. PMID- 7214970 TI - Efficacy of therapies and attenuation of brain free fatty acid liberation during global ischemia. PMID- 7214971 TI - Monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid enzyme levels in postischemic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest. PMID- 7214972 TI - The evaluation of resuscitation and critical care equipment: a user's quality assurance service. PMID- 7214973 TI - Education research on life-supporting first aid (LSFA) and CPR self-training systems (STS). PMID- 7214974 TI - Resuscitation and emergency cardiac care in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 7214977 TI - Sudden and unexpected deaths among women: possible precipitating events. PMID- 7214976 TI - Hyperthermic cardiac arrest in monkeys. PMID- 7214975 TI - Drowning in man. PMID- 7214978 TI - Cardiac arrest and you. PMID- 7214981 TI - One rescuer CPR--a reappraisal of present recommendations for ventilation. PMID- 7214980 TI - Continuous CPR monitoring with transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide sensors. PMID- 7214979 TI - Anaerobic myocardial metabolism during CPR. PMID- 7214982 TI - Complications of CPR. PMID- 7214983 TI - Airway management I. M-A-S: a mouthmask-airway-sump system for upper airway control II. Elastomeric cuffs for long-dwelling endotracheal tubes. PMID- 7214985 TI - Commentary on the proceedings; second Wolf Creek Conference on CPR. PMID- 7214984 TI - A pediatric gastric tube airway. PMID- 7214986 TI - Oxazepam in the treatment of anxiety associated with depression: results of treatment in 1600 cases (Studies in depression, VI). AB - A total of 1600 patients suffering from depression and anxiety was treated in one consultant practice over an 8-year period. In most cases, the depressive component was treated by monoamine oxidase inhibitors, but oxazepam was used as the anxiolytic in all cases in the series. Patients were encouraged to regulate their own dosage of oxazepam, and no difficulties occurred with this technique. The results showed the overall effectiveness of oxazepam as an anxiolytic to be better than 87% in those cases where depression co-existed. PMID- 7214987 TI - The effect of diazepam on methohexitone short anaesthesia: a clinical double blind investigation. AB - A double-blind investigation was performed on 113 adult females, hospitalized for short gynaecological procedures, in order to establish the suitability of methohexitone for short procedures and whether or not the quality of methohexitone anaesthesia could be improved with a diazepam supplement. All patients were anaesthetized with methohexitone (2.0 mg/kg): 57 of the patients received a 10 mg diazepam intravenous supplement and 56 received intravenous placebo (solvent of diazepam only). Diazepam injected after induction with methohexitone clearly improved the quality of methohexitone anaesthesia (p less than 0.1 more than 0.05) and reduced the need for supplementary doses of methohexitone (p less than 0.1 more than 0.05). The incidences of both nausea and vomiting were minimized (p less than 0.01 more than 0.001). Patient acceptance was equally good in both groups. It is commented that patients may seem fully awake and oriented, notwithstanding the fact that the body still contains significant amounts of the anaesthetic agent. Ambulatory patients should never be allowed to leave the hospital unescorted, as they recover their 'street orientation' only after 12 to 24 hours. Furthermore, the patients or their escorts should be given definite and written instructions to avoid absolutely the use of alcohol or hypnotics which could, even in small amounts, potentiate the effect of methohexitone still in the body, for at least 12 hours. It is recommended that patients should avoid driving a motor vehicle or using dangerous tools or machines for 12 to 24 hours following recovery from methohexitone anaesthesia. PMID- 7214989 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the Sigma SR in rheumatic diseases. AB - Sigma SR and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were compared before and after treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in 6 patients with rheumatic diseases. No evidence was found that either was altered by this kind of drug therapy, though there was considerable variation in the shape of sedimentation rate curves (obtained by plotting erythrocyte sedimentation rate every 5 minutes over 150 minutes), between individuals with the same disease. PMID- 7214988 TI - Multi-centre study of acebutolol in hypertensive subjects: results for patients from the 50 to 64-years' old and over 65 years' old age groups. AB - The results of a multi-centre general practice study on acebutolol in the treatment of hypertension were examined for two age groups of patients, namely those aged from 50 to 64 years and those aged 65 years and over. A total of 1501 patients was studied and followed-up over a period of 3 months. There was a marked reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure with treatment and the results, in terms of efficacy and tolerance, were comparable in both age groups. These findings indicate that acebutolol is warranted in the treatment of elderly patients with hypertension. PMID- 7214990 TI - Advances in the diagnostic imaging of cancer. PMID- 7214991 TI - Environmental carcinogenesis--a global problem. PMID- 7214992 TI - Columnar epithelium in the esophagus. PMID- 7214993 TI - Fluid replacement therapy during surgical procedures. PMID- 7214994 TI - The relative immunogenicity of murine tissues in vivo. PMID- 7214995 TI - Experimental small-diameter graft patency: effect of compliance, porosity and graft healing potential. PMID- 7214996 TI - Allantoin: a non-sensitizing topical medicament. Therapeutic effects of the addition of 5 percent allantoin to Vaseline. PMID- 7214997 TI - Gonorrhea and nongonococcal urethritis. AB - Problems in gonorrhea control are presented with emphasis on asymptomatic infections in both men and women. Consequences of gonococcal infection, particularly pelvic inflammatory disease, disseminated gonococcal infection, and pharyngeal infection, are emphasized. Pharyngeal infections are categorized according to symptom type-appearing viral-like, strep-like or without symptoms. Nongonococcal urethritis and gonococcal urethritis are compared and contrasted. Present day misconceptions concerning STDs are illustrated, as well. PMID- 7214999 TI - Triidothyronine: on its role as a specific hepatomitogen. PMID- 7215001 TI - Development of antiviral levels of ribavirin in serum and urine of orally treated rats. AB - The levels of ribavirin or its antivirally active metabolic products were determined in the serum and urine of rats treated with single oral doses of 1,000 or 100 mg/kg of the compound, using a newly developed micromethod in which measles virus inhibition was assayed in BS-C-1 cells. At the high dosage level, maximum ribavirin serum levels of 24 microgram/ml were observed 2 h postribavirin administration. Approximately 10-fold less active material was seen in the rats receiving the lower ribavirin dosage; this peak effect was seen 1 h after treatment. Urine excretion was maximal between 4 and 20 h after treatment in both dosage groups. PMID- 7214998 TI - Nongonococcal urethritis. AB - Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and its counterparts in women are the most common sexually transmitted disease syndromes in the United States and Western Europe. Chlamydia trachomatis causes 40 to 50 percent of the cases of NGU and is a major cause of mucopurulent cervicitis and urethral infection in women, epididymitis in young men, pelvic inflammatory disease, acute perihepatitis, and neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia. Chlamydial infection also has been linked with Reiter's syndrome, infertility, cervical dysplasia, stillbirth, postpartum endometritis, and other syndromes. Tetracycline HCl is the treatment of choice for NGU and related syndromes, and for the sexual partners of infected patients. PMID- 7215002 TI - Biliary excretion of cefuroxime. Experimental and human study. AB - The biliary excretion of cefuroxime was studied experimentally, using a preparation of isolated rabbit liver (n = 5) perfused in vitro during 3 h; 0.92% of the cefuroxime (10 mg) added to the circulating blood was found in the bile, while peak antibiotic activity reached a mean value of 8.0 +/- 1.1 microgram/ml. In man, 1 h after a single intravenous injection of cefuroxime (0.5 g), a maximum concentration of 4.0 +/- 1.6 microgram/ml was found in the duodenal aspiration fluid collected from 5 healthy subjects. In 10 patients with T-tube drainage, a mean biliary peak of 10.3 +/- 2.4 microgram/ml was observed 2 h after intravenous injection of the same dose; the biliary excretion of cefuroxime during the 12 hour experiment corresponded to 0.13% of the administered dose. Assays performed during cholecystectomy in 10 patients 1 h after cefuroxime intravenous injection of 0.5 g showed concentrations of 11.9 +/- 0.8 microgram/ml in the serum, 12.0 +/ 1.5 microgram/ml in the common duct bile and 7.4 +/- 1.1 microgram/ml in the gallbladder bile. These results were compared with those observed after administration of 11 other beta-lactam antibiotics in identical experimental and clinical conditions. PMID- 7215000 TI - Chromosome studies on primitive chrysomelids. 1. A survey of six species of Criocerinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). AB - The chromosome numbers and sex-determining systems of six species of Criocerinae have been determined, four of them for the first time. Oulema melanopus L., Crioceris paracenthesis L., C. asparagi and C. duodecimpunctata L. share a 7II + Xyp formula, while Lema puncticollis Curt. has 8II + Xyp and Lilioceris lilii shows a karyotype of 2n = 20 chromosomes. The modal chromosome formula and possibly the most primitive one for Criocerinae is 7II + Xyp, but it should not be assumed as the ancestral formula for the Chrysomelidae since the most ancient groups of chrysomelids have been little investigated. The karyological interspecific comparisons of some species of Criocerinae seem to indicate a trend towards more symmetrical complements by both increases and decreases from the modal chromosome number. PMID- 7215004 TI - Antitumour effects of tilorone hydrochloride on the in vivo growth of chemically induced and spontaneously arising rat tumours. AB - Inhibition of subcutaneous tumour growth, following treatment with tilorone hydrochloride, was observed with two transplantable methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcomas (Mc7, Mc4), but similar drug treatment was ineffective against two rat hepatomas induced by dimethylaminoazobenzene (D23, D30). Successful therapy of sarcoma Mc7 and Mc4 subcutaneous growth was not accompanied by the development of specific antitumour immunity, although with hepatoma D30, which grew out following tilorone hydrochloride treatment, specific immunity was demonstrated, indicating that drug treatment does not prevent the initiation of an antitumour response during progressive tumour development. Under defined experimental conditions tilorone hydrochloride also prevented pulmonary metastases from a subcutaneous tumour graft of epithelioma SP1 and mammary carcinoma SP22, as measured by an increased survival or treated rats. PMID- 7215005 TI - Metabolism of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine and 9-beta-D arabinofuranosyladenine in L5178y mouse lymphoma cells. PMID- 7215003 TI - Radioimmunoassay of gentamicin in microliter and nanoliter samples of biological fluids. AB - A gentamicin radioimmunoassay is described for microliter and nanoliter samples. The assay was performed in the inner ears' fluids (perilymph and endolymph) of rats. Endolymph and perilymph samples were collected under oil with a glass capillary micropipette. The absolute threshold of sensitivity was 20 . 10(-12) g. Considering the maximum sampling volume, 15--400 . 10(-9) and 10 . 16(-6) l for endolymph and perilymph respectively, the limit of detection is 4.19 . 10(-4) microM . ml-1 in endolymph, 1.26 . 10(-4) microM . ml-1 in perilymph. Clinical applications of this method are suggested. PMID- 7215006 TI - Cefamandole in the treatment of purulent respiratory infections. Studies of 3 and 4 g daily in 121 patients. AB - Cefamandole 3 g daily gave poor results in the treatment of severe purulent respiratory infections in 50 patients. A further 71 patients were treated with 4 g daily and the results were excellent with 86% clinical success. Apart from muscle pain with the injection, side-effects were minimal. PMID- 7215007 TI - Infant care--then and now. PMID- 7215008 TI - Who's minding the child care workers?: A look at staff burn-out. PMID- 7215011 TI - [The recommendation of the German Hospital Society on explanations of operations and the consent of patients]. PMID- 7215009 TI - Growing up in appalachia. PMID- 7215010 TI - Protecting the family: a California Act. PMID- 7215013 TI - [Contribution to the measurement of chest wall deformities]. PMID- 7215012 TI - [A new procedure for standardizing the submammary incision for funnel chest correction]. AB - The skin incision for funnel chest operation in females is a submammary incision. Simple mathematical considerations of two parameters, the intermammilary distance and the basal mammary radius, enable us to perform an adequate submammary curve. Use of this procedure prevents incisions from being too low or too high. PMID- 7215014 TI - [Peritoneal mesothelioma. A clinical benign course]. PMID- 7215015 TI - [Adrenal pseudocysts. A contribution to the differential diagnosis of epigastric cystic tumors]. PMID- 7215016 TI - [Clavicle fractures: treatment, follow-up studies]. PMID- 7215018 TI - [Surgery-related adverse effects of drugs: antirheumatics and corticoids]. PMID- 7215017 TI - [Surgery-related adverse effects of drugs: antibiotics]. PMID- 7215019 TI - [Surgery-related adverse effects drugs: analgesics]. PMID- 7215020 TI - [Endotoxins in bacterial peritonitis]. AB - Tests for the presence of endotoxin in blood and peritoneal fluid were performed at short intervals in 19 patients with peritonitis, 9 following gastric perforation, and 10 with perforation of the large bowel. A highly sensitive precipitation technique (LAL test) was used. Endotoxin was demonstrated in peritoneal fluid during the early stage of peritonitis in 15 of 19 patients (79%), while blood determination revealed endotoxin in 7 of 19 cases within the first 48 h. During the clinical course circulating endotoxin was recovered in 12 of 19 patients, which implies endotoxinemia in 63% of the cases. The prognostic significance of endotoxin determinations was high, since circulating endotoxin was demonstrated within the first 72 h in 8 of 9 patients with a fatal course. Demonstration of circulating endotoxin is a time-consuming and complicated procedure with great clinical significance in patients with gram-negative peritonitis. PMID- 7215021 TI - [Intra-abdominal melanoma metastases and their prognosis]. AB - Very often in advanced stages of malignant melanoma several organs are involved. In a small number of patients only intraabdominal metastases seem to occur. The analysis of 106 cases found in the literature and 6 cases from our department revealed the small bowel and the stomach as the main site of metastases, giving rise to intestinal bleeding and obstruction. Apart from emergency cases, even in the advanced stage of disease palliative procedures are indicated since the prognosis in individual cases is quite unpredictable, as seen in some cases with a survival time of up to seven years. PMID- 7215023 TI - [Indications and therapy of obstructive aorto-iliac disease from a surgical viewpoint]. AB - Operative management in patients with aortoiliac disease consists of thrombendarterectomy for unilateral and localised lesions and of aortofemoral/iliac graft implantations for bilateral and extensive lesions. Operative morbidity and mortality depend on the type of anesthesia and are influenced mainly by operating technique. The individual risk of operation depends on the localization of the disease and increases significantly if organ arteries are involved. Therefore, asymptomatic stenosis of the extracranial carotid arteries, renal, and mesenteric arteries have to be recognized, and for significant lesions prophylactical surgical management should be performed. An extensive noninvasive and invasive preoperative diagnostic program will detect asymptomatic stenosis in order to perform prophylactic reconstruction or to exclude those patients from major vascular operations, if the lesion is not accessible. In this particular small group of patients an extraperitoneal approach to the aortic bifurcation or an extra-anatomical bypass like femoro crossover femoral or iliaco-femoral with revascularization of the profundal femoral artery is recommended. Continuous epidural anesthesia can reduce the risk of operation by reduction of cardial and respiratory complications and, together with the extraperitoneal or extra-anatomical approach the operative trauma is minimized. PMID- 7215026 TI - [Complete intraperitoneal rupture of the first part of the duodenum: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215025 TI - [Intrathoracic volvulus of the stomach in association with hiatal hernia. 9 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215024 TI - [A technique for reducing a severely displaced lumbosacral spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215022 TI - [Colitis cystica profunda]. AB - The rare disease of colitis cystica profunda is characterized histopathologically by epithelial coated cysts with mucous content within the submucosa of the large intestine or rectum. The clinical picture, showing loss of blood and mucus as well as the macroscopic appearance can lead to confusion with rectal cancer. This misinterpretation can be supported by the histologic picture of small biopsies and frozen sections. Transanal disc excision as definite therapy will allow extensive histologic examination and will prevent false treatment, for example proctectomy, in case of localization close to anal orifice. PMID- 7215028 TI - [Experiences in developing regional immunization programs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215027 TI - [Reliability of cytopuncture in solid tumors of the breast]. PMID- 7215030 TI - [Eight trace elements in normal human hair (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215029 TI - [Some epidemiologic characteristics of HBsAg in saliva (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215031 TI - [Two poisoning case reports on heavy metal medicinal herb preparation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215035 TI - [Occupational mycotic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215033 TI - [An experimental study on chromosome aberration induced by benzene (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215032 TI - [Drinking water and liver cancer: an epidemiologic approach to the etiology of liver cancer in China (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215034 TI - [A life table method for the data of development (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215036 TI - [Study on the effect of local vibration on workers' nailfold microcirculation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215037 TI - [Experimental designs for evaluating the effectiveness of drug prophylaxis against meningococcal meningitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215038 TI - [Studies in peptic ulcer deserve more emphasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215039 TI - [Selective vagotomy and hemigastrectomy for duodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215040 TI - [Highly selective vagotomy: early results of 27 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215042 TI - [On the operative method for hemorrhage from penetrating posterior wall ulcer of duodenal bulb (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215041 TI - [Dynamic observations during the course of treatment of acute perforation of peptic ulcer by integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215045 TI - [Surgical treatment of reflux esophagitis: report of 20 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215043 TI - [Complications due to undislodged continuous sutures in partial gastrectomy stroma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215044 TI - [Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215046 TI - [Vagus innervation of lower oesophagus and stomach: an anatomical study in 100 cadavers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215048 TI - [Surgical treatment of subacromial bursitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215047 TI - [Mechanism and prevention of cubitus varus in supracondylar fracture of humerus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215049 TI - [Some problems concerning treatment of congenital dislocation of hip (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215050 TI - [Primary prosthetic replacement in subcapital fractures of femur neck: a review of 60 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215051 TI - [Observations on effects of treatment in 546 cases of trigeminal neuralgia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215052 TI - [Abdominal plain X-ray film for urinary calculi: analysis of 1,147 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215053 TI - [Hypothermia in situ in renal operations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215054 TI - [An improved operation for plastic repair of hypospadias: experiences in 190 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215055 TI - [Urethroplasty for hypospadias: experiences in 157 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215056 TI - [Surgical treatment of traumatic atresia of posterior urethra (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215057 TI - [Reconstruction of penis: report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215059 TI - [Transthoracic resection of esophagus, gastric fundus and spleen for portal hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215060 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic suppurative hidradenitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215062 TI - [An improved technique of caudal block anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215058 TI - [Free flap transplantation for repair of defects of skin and subcutaneous tissue of extremities: report of 7 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215061 TI - [Curettage of apocrine glands in treatment of armpit odor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215063 TI - [Symposium: Partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer: Complications and their prevention (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215064 TI - [Immunology and surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215065 TI - [Effects of antrectomy and vagotomy on gastric secretion of Pavlov pouches induced by various foods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215066 TI - Effect of GABA agonist and antagonists on cardiovascular and sympathetic responses in SHR and WKY rats. AB - Injection of muscimol (4 mg/kg, i.a.) to unanesthetized SHR rats reduced the arterial blood pressure and heart rate more than in WKY rats. These cardiovascular responses were accompanied by a moderate increase in plasma norepinephrine level and a marked increase in plasma epinephrine level, in the SHR rats. In the WKY rats, only a moderate increase in plasma epinephrine level was seen. Injection of subconvulsive doses of picrotoxin (2 mg/kg, i.a.) or bicuculline (1 mg/kg, i.a.) to SHR rats, elicited a higher and a more prolonged increase of the arterial blood pressure than in WKY rats. Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels increased to the same extent in both the SHR and WKY rats following picrotoxin injection. These results suggest that the SHR rats differ from the WKY rats in the reactivity of GABAergic responses in cardiovascular centers which also modulate the peripheral sympathetic tone. PMID- 7215068 TI - Correlation between decreased heart rate and central inhibition of sympathetic discharge after prazosin administration in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and splanchnic sympathetic discharge were recorded in conscious and anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Administration of prazosin (1 mg/kg i.v.) reduced heart rate in most rats and this effect was closely parallelled by a decrease in sympathetic discharge. In contrast, administration of hydralazine (1 mg/kg i.v.) caused a sustained tachycardia and increased sympathetic nervous activity. The cardiovascular effects of prazosin (0.2-0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg i.v.) were examined in different rat strains. Sprague-Dawley and Wistar-Kyoto rats responded with tachycardia whereas a significant bradycardia was observed in SHR following the higher doses of prazosin. It is suggested that the bradycardia obtained after prazosin administration is due to a central inhibition of sympathetic outflow, an effect possibly caused by blockade of alpha-adrenoreceptors. The different heart rate responses in different rat strains may be interpreted to reflect differences in sensitivity of central alpha-adrenoreceptors. PMID- 7215067 TI - Comparison of hypotensive, orthostatic and sympathetic inhibitory actions of antihypertensive drugs in rats. AB - Hypotensive and orthostatic activities of a variety of orally administered antihypertensive drugs were concurrently evaluated in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats and attempts were made to relate these responses to effects on peripheral sympathetic function. The alpha-adrenergic blockers phentolamine and prazosin and the adrenergic neuron blocker guanethidine inhibited compensatory responses to upright tilt at antihypertensive doses. The ganglionic blocker mecamylamine produced milder inhibition. The centrally active agents methyldopa and clonidine and the vasodilator minoxidil did not alter tilt responses appreciably. In contrast, the vasodilator hydralazine exerted marked postural effects. Autonomic interactions were evaluated in pithed rats. alpha-Adrenergic receptor, adrenergic neuron and ganglionic blockers inhibited pressor responses to i.v. phenylephrine and/or to sympathetic nerve activation. Vasodilators did not produce specific effects. The tilt and pithed rat models, when used in conjunction, are very useful in predicting orthostatic potential of drugs in humans although absolute correlation cannot be expected. PMID- 7215069 TI - Vasopressin in the rat with partial nephrectomy-salt hypertension. AB - The role of vasopressin in the pathogenesis of partial nephrectomy (PN)-salt hypertension was examined in the rat. Hypertension was produced by reducing renal mass 70% and substituting 1% saline for drinking water 2 to 4 days after surgery. PN alone resulted in an increase in systolic blood pressure. Subsequent salt loading led to a further large increase in arterial pressure. On the second to third day after substitution of saline for drinking water, urinary vasopressin excretion (UADHV) was increased six-fold and the plasma vasopressin concentration was increased two and one-half-fold. UADHV then fell to a level that was three fold greater than control values 5 days later. Although there was a marked stimulation of vasopressin release during the period of salt loading, a vasopressin pressor antagonist had only a small effect on arterial pressure. This suggests vasopressin is not a major pressor agent in PN-salt hypertension. PMID- 7215070 TI - Cerebral blood flow and ultrastructural studies of the brain capillaries in the early state of hypertension in SHR+. AB - The 133Xe single bolus injection technique was used for measuring the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats. Their age was from 5 to 25 weeks and corresponded to the time before the initiation of the arterial blood pressure (BP) increase to the constant phase of hypertension. CBF in SHR 5 and 10 weeks of age was significantly higher than in all other groups being 155 +/- 7.2 and 151 +/- 9.3 ml/min/100 g, respectively. At 15 weeks of age the localization of the reactive products of ATP and CTP became scanty and spread over the endothelial cytoplasm. Further, at 25 weeks an enlarged number of empty pinocytic vesicles and astrocytic foot processes filled with flocculent electron dense material was found. These data suggest that the initial high CBF preceding the increase of BP can initiate the irreversible disorder of endothelial cells in brain capillaries. PMID- 7215071 TI - Intestinal involvement in Behcet's disease: review of 136 surgical cases in the Japanese literature. AB - A survey was prepared of 136 cases of laparotomy in patients with Behcet's disease and intestinal ulcers in Japan. The incidence of the disease is highest in males in the fourth and fifth decades. The ulcers are frequently found in the terminal ileum and the cecum. The ulcers are liable to perforate into the abdominal cavity, so that many patients require emergency operation. Resection of the ileocecal region or right half of the colon is the usual operation in the treatment of this disease. However, it is necessary to search for skip lesions, because multiple ulcers may be present. The incidence of postoperative complications and postoperative recurrence of ulcers is so high that supplementary management is often required. PMID- 7215072 TI - Etiology of colonic strictures in South African black and Indian patients. AB - The etiology of colonic strictures in 263 South African black and Indian patients is presented. Nonmalignant lesions accounted for strictures in two-thirds of the patients and included amebiasis (27), tuberculosis (24), nonspecific colitis (30), ulcerative colitis/Crohn's colitis (11) and other lesions (36). Malignant lesions caused strictures in approximately a third of the black and Indian patients, which is higher than in other reported series in blacks. Accurate clinical diagnosis is difficult and early histologic confirmation is mandatory in order to institute rational management. Strictures of the right colon in the black population are more likely to be benign, except in younger patients. Left sided colonic strictures have an equal chance of being benign or malignant, and early histologic confirmation is essential. The coexistence of an underlying malignant lesion in association with an inflammatory lesion in an endemic area should always be considered, particularly if it fails to respond to empirical therapy within a short period of time. PMID- 7215073 TI - Proximal fecal diversion: review of ten years' experience. AB - In a retrospective study, the clinical course of 250 patients subjected to 257 transverse colostomies was reviewed in an effort to evaluate the problems associated with proximal fecal diversion. Morbidity following stomal construction was 28 per cent, with a significant increase when performed in infants or as an emergency. Two-thirds of the colostomies were emergencies, chiefly due to obstruction and free perforation which was associated with a mortality rate of 12 and 48 per cent respectively. In 102 patients undergoing definite colorectal resection with a previous or simultaneous transverse colostomy, the overall morbidity rate was 58 per cent including a leakage rate of 22.5 per cent. Despite a proximal defunctioning colostomy, surgical intervention was required in 12.7 per cent with a fatal outcome due to peritonitis in 3.9 per cent. Colostomy closure was associated with a morbidity rate of 57 per cent, comprising a leakage rate of 10 per cent and a mortality rate of 1.7 per cent. Apart from incurable cancer and deaths prior to closure every third patient kept the transverse colostomy permanently. Advanced age and poor condition of patients not proceeding to a definite treatment, or an underlying benign lesion were the three most determining factors. The present results indicate a too extensive use of transverse colostomy, emphasizing the need for a circumspect initial selection of patients for diversionary procedures. PMID- 7215075 TI - "Organic brain syndrome" secondary to 5-fluorouracil toxicity. AB - A 68-year-old woman, who was treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) intravenous therapy weekly for variable periods following hemicolectomy for adenocarcinoma of the cecum, had at least two well-described episodes of mental confusion, disorientation, and deterioration, in the absence of cerebellar tract signs. The sensorium cleared after cessation of 5-FU, only to deteriorate following readministration of the drug. She was thought to have organic brain syndrome during her most recent mental relapse. Her mental status has now been intact for more than one year since her last exposure to 5-FU. This is believed to be the third patient who has shown mental changes which could be attributable to 5-FU toxicity. Since 5-FU is the most frequently used chemotherapy for the treatment of colonic cancer, it is important that this form of toxicity be recognized lest subject patients be judged to have irreversible organic brain syndrome or metastatic carcinoma. PMID- 7215076 TI - Technique of rectal biopsy. PMID- 7215074 TI - Microscopic adenoma in nonpolyposis coli: incidence and relation to basal cells and lymphoid follicles. AB - Six microscopic adenomas found in four patients of nonpolyposis coli (namely, not included in the group of familial polyposis coli) which had been detectable microscopically but not macroscopically, were examined by preparing complete serial section. With respect to the histogenesis of large-intestinal adenomas in nonpolyposis coli, they are considered to originate from the basal cells. As the background for this, a great number of adenomatous changes in basal cells were seen, and the microscopic adenomas showed a tendency of multiplicity (in the present study a total of 36 microscopic adenomas were detected). The above described adenomatous changes in basal cells and development of microscopic adenomas are considered to be closely related to lymphoid follicles on the muscularis mucosa, with 20 (55.6 per cent) of 36 microscopic adenomas originating in the basal cell upon the lymphoid follicles. PMID- 7215077 TI - Surgical management of diverticulitis. PMID- 7215079 TI - Adjuvant radiotherapy with selective sandwich technique in treatment of rectal cancer: results of a continuing study. AB - Sixty-two patients with carcinoma of the rectum were treated with "selective sandwich" adjuvant radiotherapy in a pilot study which began in September 1976 at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. All patients received 500 rads preoperative irradiation on the day of or day preceding surgery. Following surgery, the lesions were staged pathologically according to Astler-Coller's modification of Dukes' staging. Patients with poor prognostic characteristics (Stages B2, C1, and C2) were treated with aggressive postoperative pelvic irradiation (4500 rads in five weeks). All 62 patients received the single preoperative dose of 500 rads. Forty-four patients underwent abdominoperineal resection, four patients, a low anterior resection, ten patients, a combined abdominotranssacral resection, and four patients found to have liver metastasis at laparotomy had colostomy followed by palliative therapy. Twenty-one patients found to have early disease (Stages A or B1) were given no further therapy. Of 37 patients with Stages B2 or C disease, 21 received postoperative irradiation. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 36 months, with a median of 18 months. Of patients with Stage A or B1 disease, one patient has died with metastasis. Two of 21 patients receiving postoperative irradiation have developed metastatic disease; neither has failed in the pelvis. Of 16 patients who did not receive postoperative irradiation, three have had metastasis to the pelvis and two others have developed distant metastasis. PMID- 7215078 TI - Combined therapy for cancer of the anal canal. AB - Nineteen patients with squamous-cell cancer of the anal canal have been treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy, followed by appropriate surgery. The authors are convinced that the combined therapy is effective enough to avoid abdominoperineal resection if disappearance of the lesion is proven by adequate examination and biopsy. Although they believe cancers 5 cm or less in maximum diameter are generally adequately managed in this manner, experience is still too limited to justify a recommendation to change currently accepted management. PMID- 7215080 TI - Colonoscopic removal of hemangiomas. PMID- 7215081 TI - Complete prolapse of the rectum treated by modified Orr operation. AB - During a 25-year period 24 patients were treated for complete rectal prolapse with a modification of the operation described by Orr in 1947. After a median follow-up of five years two recurrences occurred (8 per cent). Of 11 patients who were incontinent for fluid feces or flatus preoperatively, five gained continence after the operations. An actuarial analysis of the data revealed a cure rate after five years of 91 per cent (95 per cent confidence limits: 76-100 per cent). PMID- 7215083 TI - Factors affecting the educational diagnosis of diabetic patients. AB - An accurate determination of the educational needs of diabetic patients is based on a wide range of patient characteristics. In the development of an assessment instrument to determine the educational needs of patients, the relative importance of numerous patient characteristics was determined. A questionnaire was mailed to 1518 health professionals who are either members of the American Association of Diabetes Educators or community health nurses in the state of Michigan. Analyses of the responses to this questionnaire have provided information regarding the knowledge, psychosocial, and demographic characteristics of patients, which are thought to be important in an educational diagnosis. Questions to measure these identified characteristics will be incorporated into an instrument that will assess the educational needs of diabetic patients. PMID- 7215082 TI - Changing site distribution patterns of colorectal cancer at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. AB - Analyzed data from an earlier reported experience with colorectal cancer at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, compared with findings observed and analyzed from 1959 to 1977 indicate a changing pattern of distribution of colorectal cancers. These changes lead to therapeutic conclusion that fiberoptic flexible sigmoidoscopy is the preferred diagnostic tool. PMID- 7215084 TI - The family medical history: assessing patient understanding of diabetes mellitus. AB - In this preliminary study, we attempted to determine whether diabetic subjects with a positive family medical history for diabetes have a better understanding of their own disease (ie., of its course, treatment, and genetic characteristics) than diabetic subjects without diabetes in their histories. We interviewed 50 diabetic subjects and scored their responses to determine their understanding of diabetes in general and in their own cases in particular. The data were analyzed using the Student's t test and chi-square analysis. Overall, patients with positive histories did not have significantly higher understanding than patients with negative histories. However, if patients had extensive exposure to the affected relative, or if tht relative was a spouse or a parent, the patients' understanding was significantly higher (P less than 0.05). Educational level, age, and duration of diabetes did not affect patients' understanding. The data suggest that the family medical history can be a valuable teaching model, once we redefine it so as to reconcile patient concepts about illness with physician concepts of disease. PMID- 7215085 TI - Elevated leg systolic pressures and arterial calcification in diabetic occlusive vascular disease. AB - Systolic occlusion leg and brachial pressures were determined using a Doppler ultrasonic method in 24 diabetic subjects with either past or evolving gangrene due to arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities. The leg-brachial ratios were correlated with x-ray determined leg vascular calcification. Ratios above 1.10 were invariably associated with heavy continuous calcification of the tibial vessels; lesser degrees of arterial calcification had normal or depressed leg-brachial ratios. Medial calcification might be causally related to the abnormally elevated leg systolic pressures not infrequently noted in diabetic patients. Based on the observed occurrence of reamputation in association with normal or elevated leg-brachial ratios, it appears that a Doppler pressure index above 0.90 is not a reliable indicator of adequate blood flow in severe diabetic occlusive arterial disease. PMID- 7215086 TI - Sucrose and disease. AB - Data currently available indicate that high sucrose consumption does not contribute significantly to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, or micronutrient deficiency. It may contribute, however, to dental caries formation by cariogenic bacteria. PMID- 7215087 TI - An algebra for adiposity? PMID- 7215088 TI - How mystic is a statistic? PMID- 7215089 TI - Metabolism of chlorpropamide. PMID- 7215091 TI - Percutaneous intravenous biopsy. AB - Simple techniques for percutaneous intravenous biopsy were used in 3 patients to obtain histopathologic diagnoses of thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and tumors invading renal veins. Techniques, risks and diagnostic sensitivity of percutaneous intravenous-biopsy are discussed. PMID- 7215090 TI - Office guide to diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. PMID- 7215092 TI - Vascular lesions in tuberculosis. AB - 4 cases of tuberculosis in which the vessels were involved are described: 1 of tuberculous adenitis and arteritis in the region of the carotid artery bifurcation; 1 of tuberculous endometritis associated with aortic pseudoaneurysms and inferior vena cava partial occlusion, and 2 of tuberculous para-aortic adenitis, 1 with complete occlusion of the inferior vena cava, and the other with miliary nodulations of the liver later demonstrated by angiogram. It is suggested that in veiw of the ubiquitous presentations and incidence of tuberculosis in this environment, more vascular studies need be done to demonstrate the frequency and the involvement of the vessels by tuberculosis in cases of tuberculosis. Furthermore, in cases of aortitis and arteritis, tuberculosis must be excluded as an etiological cause. PMID- 7215093 TI - Intraspinal meningocele. AB - 2 patients with broad spinal canal, positive radiographic symptoms of spinal expansion but negative clinical symptoms are documented. Intraspinal meningocele with paraspinal extension could be confirmed by Pantopaque myelography and CT. An inborn mesenchymal developmental error is assumed as the cause of this malformation. PMID- 7215094 TI - Roentgenological monitoring of the position of subclavian catheters introduced by the infraclavicular approach. AB - Roentgenological monitoring of 684 central venous catheters introduced by the infraclavicular route showed that in 11% of cases positioning was incorrect. In particular, deviation into the right internal jugular vein after catheterisation on this side occurs in 9% of the cases. Roentgenological monitoring of the position of a central venous catheter is a necessary measure and should never be omitted. In addition, other complications such as pneumothorax can be detected in this manner. Catheters without X-ray marker should no longer be used. PMID- 7215096 TI - Ultrasonically guided percutaneous catheter drainage for gallbladder empyema. AB - A gallbladder empyema developed in a 54-year-old, seriously ill female, suffering of a neurological affection. In this paper we describe a successful catheter drainage of this empyema under ultrasonic guidance. As far as we could trace, this has not been documented previously. PMID- 7215095 TI - Computed tomography diagnosis of Spigelian hernia. Case report. AB - Spigelian hernia is a rare hernia which is infrequently diagnosed prior to operations. We report a case of this hernia which was diagnosed by CT preoperatively. PMID- 7215097 TI - Detection of inflammatory bowel disease with 99mTc DTPA. AB - The possible scintigraphic detection of active inflammation of the bowel was studied after injection of Tc diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA). The study included 5 cases of proven active colitis ulcerosa or Crohn's disease and 6 volunteers without any gastrointestinal complaints. No significant differences in the images of both groups could be demonstrated. In both groups some accumulation of radioactivity in the intestines was found, but it was impossible to distinguish any anatomical entity. The sensitivity of Tc DTPA scanning seems to be insufficient to differentiate between a reactivation and a chronic inflammatory process. PMID- 7215098 TI - Scintigraphy and sonography in the investigation of liver metastases. AB - 77 livers of cancer patients were examined with nuclear scintigraphy (NS) and ultrasonography (US). The overall accuracy of NS was 86% and of US 87%. The place of NS and US in the investigation of liver metastases is discussed. PMID- 7215100 TI - [Treatment of Parkinson disease by bromocriptine in the black African]. PMID- 7215099 TI - [Application of echocardiography in the detection of valvular restenosis]. PMID- 7215101 TI - [Correlation between clinical medicine and histology in leprosy]. PMID- 7215102 TI - [Laryngeal papillomatosis. Immunologic treatment]. PMID- 7215103 TI - [Apudoma on an aberrant pancreas (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 7215104 TI - [Abscessed splenic infarct in a sickle cell patient]. PMID- 7215105 TI - [Cutaneous tuberculosis in Senegal. Manifesting forms of deep localization]. PMID- 7215106 TI - [Thyroid tumors in Senegal (apropos of 360 surgically treated cases)]. PMID- 7215107 TI - [The role of echocardiography in the detection of dysfunctions of cardiac valvular prostheses]. PMID- 7215108 TI - An additional diagnostic method for the early detection of breast cancer. PMID- 7215109 TI - A clinicopathologic study of vagina and cervix in DES-exposed progeny. AB - In this survey of 210 women with a history and/or gross changes of the cervix and vagina characteristic of DES exposure, changes related to vaginal adenosis were correlated with age. The mean age of women with columnar epithelium alone was 18.5 +/- 3.2 years, columnar epithelium with squamous metaplasia was 20.2 +/- 3.4 years, and squamous metaplasia alone was 23.0 +/- 2.7 years. These findings suggest that involution of vaginal adenosis occurs with increasing age. Involution of glands in the superficial stroma in most cases occurred concurrently with that of surface columnar epithelium. However, those deeply seated and complex glands in the stroma might lag in the metaplastic process and might persist. The pitfalls of misinterpretation of squamous cell changes in histologic samples were discussed. The lack of correlation between the colposcopic findings of mosaicism and/or punctuation and squamous cell neoplasia was confirmed in this study. PMID- 7215110 TI - The value of endocervical sampling in the staging of endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 7215111 TI - Adenocarcinoid of appendix presenting as bilateral ovarian tumors. A case report with histochemical and ultrastructural studies. AB - A 62-year-old female presented with bilateral ovarian tumors. These proved to be metastatic from a primary appendiceal lesion which showed histochemical and ultrastructural evidence of differentiation along two cell lines with features of both carcinoid and mucinous tumor. This case illustrates the malignant potential of so-called mucinous carcinoid or adenocarcinoid of the appendix. PMID- 7215112 TI - Cotton fever and pregnancy. A confusing clinical problem. AB - We discuss the case of a 24-year-old black woman at 33--34 weeks gestation, who after intravenous injection of Talwin presented with the following symptom complex: pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, shaking, chills, headache, myalgias, polyarthralgias, severe abdominal pain and "contractions." This symptomatology presents a complex diagnostic problem. Systematic laboratory evaluation eliminated more common etiologies, i.e., sub-acute bacterial endocarditis, HAA + hepatitis, placental abruption, chorioamnionitis, and urinary tract infection. The Talwin had been filtered through cotton ball. History plus exclusion of other etiologies led to the diagnosis of "cotton fever." The available literature is reviewed, and the importance of recognizing this entity when servicing a pregnant population with a high rate of drug abuse is discussed. PMID- 7215113 TI - Implanted placental tissue simulating uterine fibroids ("inverted placental polyp"). AB - We describe a unique case of products of conception retained in the myometrium, and producing masses which were misdiagnosed as uterine myomas. To our knowledge, no similar case has been reported previously. The etiology of this phenomenon is thought to be an artificial implantation of the placental tissue at the time of curettage. PMID- 7215114 TI - Persistent supraventricular tachycardia in utero. PMID- 7215115 TI - Diagnosis and placental management of a viable term abdominal gestation. AB - The diagnosis of a term viable abdominal gestation is difficult to make. The use of modern diagnostic tools, especially ultrasound, can make this diagnosis easier. The management of the placenta following delivery at laparotomy is crucial. If there is no placental bleeding, the placenta should be left in situ to resorb postoperatively. PMID- 7215116 TI - High-resolution breast ultrasonography. AB - Recent improvements in ultrasonic-scanning now permit solid tumors in the breast as small as 5 mm and cystic lesions of 2mm in size to be detected. The overall accuracy of diagnostic ultrasound is very high, and as more experience is gained by application of newer high-resolution systems this accuracy will improve even further. In certain cases, ultrasonography can detect lesions completely missed by clinical palpation. In some areas such as cystic lesions this modality is far superior to the mammograph and in other situations it complements other diagnostic procedures. Areas of microcalcification may be localized. Cystic lesions of the breast are not easily diagnosed with great accuracy. In our extensive experience over the past 4 years, fibroadenomas generally appear as sharply marginated spherical or lobulated masses with an echopoor center and high through transmission. Carcinoma tends to attenuate sound energy highly and frequently produces a characteristic echo pattern. Fibrous dysplasia appears as a highly echogenic zone which is readily distinguished from other entities. Contact ultrasonography is used to localize the lesion three-dimensionally within the breast for biopsy purposes and to detect the presence of distant metastases. PMID- 7215118 TI - Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. AB - The clinical records of 450 patients with ectopic pregnancy were reviewed with respect to provisional diagnosis, symptoms, findings at gynecological examination, and results of diagnostic procedures. Approximately 50% of the patients had the correct diagnosis at the time of admission. The urinary pregnancy test and curettage are not very reliable tests. Culdocentesis, and above all the beta subunit of HCG have improved the diagnostic accuracy of ectopic pregnancy. The beta subunit of HCG was positive in 97 out of 100 patients with ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7215117 TI - Benign glandular lymph node inclusions. AB - Benign glandular inclusions may be encountered during frozen section examination in lymph nodes of middle-aged patients undergoing abdominal surgery. In the usual case, the inclusions are few, involve a single node, are located in capsule or fibrous septum, and have an absolute benign appearance. Rarely, the inclusions are numerous, are located in the lymphoid parenchyma, and may simulate metastatic adenocarcinoma. Consideration of clinicopathologic features may be helpful in this situation. In the majority of patients with a previous history of malignancy, the tumor is of squamous cell type. Extrapelvic location and occurrence in males is exceptional. Coexistence of metastatic tumor and inclusions may be seen. A case of squamous metaplasia in an inclusion is illustrated. PMID- 7215119 TI - Placental tissue registry. Analysis of the first 500 cases. AB - An analysis has been given of the first 500 cases submitted to the Placental Tissue Registry. Placental lesions were studied in a variety of clinical situations other than the usual complications of pregnancy. There were more infant deaths than infants with a good outcome in the cases of absence of one umbilical artery, amnion nodosum, atheromatosis of the decidual vessels, and acute and chronic villitis. The etiology of chronic villitis remains obscure. PMID- 7215120 TI - Cancer of the cervix. PMID- 7215122 TI - Benign cervical mesonephric papilloma of childhood. Report of a case studied by light and electron microscopy. PMID- 7215121 TI - Ultrastructure of glassy cell carcinoma of cervix. AB - The ultrastructural characteristics of a glassy cell carcinoma (GCC) of the cervix are presented and discussed in relation to differential diagnosis and pathogenesis. GCC is composed of four morphologically distinct but pathogenetically interrelated epithelial cell types. These include undifferentiated cells; squamous cells; gland cells; and intermediate cells containing both squamous and glandular characteristics. GCC may arise either from endometrial-type cells or subcolumnar reserve cells of the endocervix and should be distinguished from large-cell nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7215123 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube. A case report with discussion of its pattern of endometrial spread and possible resulting diagnostic confusion. AB - The case of a 59-year-old woman with primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube is reported. The case presented with pain and a pelvic mass, and at laparotomy appeared to represent severe pelvic inflammatory disease with a hydrosalpinx. Histologically a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube was found. There was contiguous spread of the tumor to the endometrial surface, to endometrial polyps, and to the opposite fallopian tube. The difficulty of clinical diagnosis is discussed, especially in regard to the pattern of endometrial spread. PMID- 7215124 TI - Early adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tubes. A case for multifocal tumorigenesis. AB - Seven cases of carcinoma in situ and/or early invasive carcinoma of the fallopian tube found in association with serous carcinoma of the ovary are described. These cases are considered to represent examples of multicentric tumorigenesis in Mullerian epithelia which have a common origin and have responded to a common carcinogenic influence. Early neoplastic lesions of the tube may be overlooked unless the tube is serially blocked. If this is done, such lesions may be expected in 5-10% of patients with serous carcinoma of the ovary. Criteria for diagnosis of carcinoma in situ are discussed, viz., a noninvasive proliferative epithelial lesion with disorganization of cellular relationships, significant mitotic activity and nuclear atypia (especially prominence of nucleoli). Criteria for diagnosis of invasive carcinoma of fallopian tube are also referred to particularly with respect to establishing a primary site of tumor origin in cases where masses are present in both ovaries and tubes. PMID- 7215125 TI - Cytologic screening for cancer of the uterine cervix. "The debate of 1980s". AB - A review of 2971 cytology specimens taken during 4725 college student clinic visits yielded only 14 abnormal Pap smears suggestive of mild to moderate dysplasia. Eight of these patients had colposcopic evaluation and seven had biopsy-proven dysplasia. These findings in a low-risk population along with the recent American Cancer Society's guidelines are discussed. PMID- 7215126 TI - Malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary. Report of three cases. AB - A clinico-pathological study of 48 malignant Brenner tumors (MBT) includes three new cases and 45 cases from the literature since 1945. Construction of a profile of this neoplasm was undertaken. The mean age of patients was 60 years, and most were postmenopausal with abdominal symptoms and a unilateral abdominopelvic mass. Only one case had bilateral tumors. The pattern of spread of this tumor is usually regional with only occasional distant metastases. Diffuse peritoneal seeding is not a characteristic feature of MBT. 56% of the patients with MBT died of their tumor, usually within 3 years of initial diagnosis. Mean survival in fatal cases was 1 year. Microscopically, foci of characteristic benign Brenner tumor may or may not be seen in individual examples of MBT. Admixture of adenocarcinoma (often mucinous carcinoma) and squamous carcinoma may also be seen. diagnostic problems can arise when a mixture of histologic patterns is present. In order to establish the diagnosis of malignant Brenner tumor a prominent histologic pattern of malignant urothelium is usually necessary. PMID- 7215128 TI - Ultrasonographic confirmation of acute biliary obstruction at term gestation. AB - We report a case of acute biliary obstruction diagnosed by ultrasonography at term gestation. Intraoperative findings included a massively dilated biliary collecting system and an impacted stone at the ampulla of Vater. The use of ultrasonography in this patient supports the expanding role of this diagnostic tool for nonobstetric complications of pregnancy. PMID- 7215127 TI - Microinvasive carcinoma of the vulva. A report of two cases with regional lymph node metastasis. AB - Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (invasion less than 5 mm) is a controversial concept. While initial observations did not identify regional lymph node metastases in patients with this lesion, 9.4% of all cases summarized from the literature have reported regional metastases. Presented here are two cases of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (invasion of 2.0 and 3.0 mm) with lymph node metastases. Both patients' neoplasms consisted of a single focus of symmetrically expanding ("spray") carcinoma with infiltrating cords and isolated cells. While keratin formation was abundant, cytologic atypia was prominent. It is the authors' opinion that the degree of tumor differentiation, as judged by multiple parameters and pattern of invasion, is far more important than depth of invasion in predicting tumor behavior to determine therapy. PMID- 7215129 TI - Ultrasonic patterns of uterine fibroids. AB - The classic appearance of the echo-poor fibroid uterus occurs in less than one third of leiomyomata uteri. The ongoing manifestations of the various types of internal degeneration produce a picture of diffuse or focal medium-amplitude internal echoes with increased through transmission. Calcification of fibroids results in irregular high-amplitude echoes or a ringlike echo pattern which must not be mistaken for a fetal head. The combination of wide dynamic range, gray scale scanning, and high-resolution real-time sonography optimizes the diagnosis of the fibroid uterus. PMID- 7215131 TI - [Protective action of hyperbaric oxygenation in acute circulatory disorders in rats of different ages]. PMID- 7215132 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of lymphocytes in diabetics]. PMID- 7215133 TI - [Colony-forming capacity of bone marrow cells in tissue culture after total and partial irradiation]. PMID- 7215130 TI - ["Paradoxical" evolution of the individual transcribed repetitive DNA (Bl) sequence in rodents]. PMID- 7215134 TI - [Potassium ion-stimulated rapid functional myelinization]. PMID- 7215135 TI - [Specificity and properties of multiple forms of human alpha-L-fucosidase]. PMID- 7215137 TI - [Interaction of free and immobilized subunits of protein inhibitors of protease]. PMID- 7215138 TI - [Interaction of solid and fluid liposomes with various regions of the epithelial cell surface]. PMID- 7215136 TI - [Antiserum reaction to prostaglandin F2 alpha with modified prostaglandins F2]. PMID- 7215139 TI - [Structure of T7 bacteriophage based on small-angel x-ray scattering data]. PMID- 7215140 TI - [Labeled 3H-leucine incorporation into the proteins of different regions of the brain of hibernating animals]. PMID- 7215141 TI - [Potentiodynamic method of studying liposome interaction with plane bilayers]. PMID- 7215142 TI - [Structural organization and localization of the C-terminal alpha-chain fragments in the fibrinogen molecule]. PMID- 7215143 TI - [Effect of light on the resistance of bull and squid rhodopsin to thermal denaturation]. PMID- 7215144 TI - [Prolactin secretion inhibition as affected by leucine enkephalin]. PMID- 7215145 TI - [Peritoneal exudate cells as a source of competent material for the induction of the ectopic osteogenesis of minced bone tissue in adult rabbits]. PMID- 7215146 TI - [Genetic distances between primate taxa]. PMID- 7215147 TI - [Digital computer-assisted component analysis of the electrograms of vagus and depressor nerve tonic activity]. PMID- 7215148 TI - [Structural organization characteristics of histones H1 and H5]. PMID- 7215150 TI - [Role of endogenous lipids in the homeostatic balancing of the lipid composition of chyme]. PMID- 7215149 TI - [Effect of synthetic antioxidants on the functional state of the rat brain after acoustic stimulation]. PMID- 7215152 TI - [Dynamics of the protein and nucleic acid content of rat raphe nuclei cells during complete sleep deprivation (on a treadmill) and selective deprivation of paradoxical sleep]. PMID- 7215151 TI - [Interaction of diazan with DNA in normal and neoplastic cells in vivo as one of the molecular mechanisms of its antineoplastic action]. PMID- 7215153 TI - Drugs on a medical campus. III. Drug use among nursing and paramedical personnel. AB - Fifty nurses and 50 paramedical staff working in the Rajendra Hospital and Medical College, Patiala, were studied by means of a structured, self-report questionnaire. The life-time prevalence of drug use among nurses was comparatively low--55%, compared to 81% among the paramedical staff. Current use of drugs as shown by the 30-day prevalence rate was also very low among the nurses, a majority of whom restricted themselves to using tranquillizers and sedatives for the specific purpose of relaxation or inducing sleep; only a few had experimented with alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco. On the other hand, the most commonly used drug among the paramedical personnel was alcohol, followed by sedatives, tranquillizers, cannabis and tobacco, most of them taking the drug for social reasons or for the thrills from the effects of the drug. This is also reflected in the comparatively higher number of paramedicals who felt that they would probably continue to use these drugs in the future, as also the fact that there were a few dependent users of opium and narcotics in this group. PMID- 7215154 TI - Inpatient male alcoholics: predicting program completion time in days and characteristics of fast and slow completers. AB - This study relates the origin and validation of an hypothesis-based scale that predicted program completion time (PCT) of inpatient male alcoholics within 8.6 days. It comprises 10 statements from an emotional state and demographic questionnaire's 46 items. The new scale is the ratio of interpersonal relations (IR) items to "recovery facilitating" (RF) items: IR/RF. Cross-validation on two groups of 28 male alcoholic completers yielded validities from 0.49 to 0.52. Combining the scale with other data selected by computer from the same questionnaire raised validity to 0.73 (adjusted) and reduced prediction error 19.8% to 6.9 days. The scale's rationale involves relationship dynamics between "internal strength" (RF) and "external behavior" (IR). It is consistent with: pre/post changes in IR/RF; RF; IR; data and interpretations from Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) and California Psychological Inventory (CPI) scores; comparisons of contrasting groups. Profiles of high and low scale score groups show both major differences and similarities. Treatment personnel reactions to high score profile content suggest the scale's potential value for planning patient improvement and for reducing non-completer incidence. The nature of the scale's pre/post changes indicates an additional utility: assessing treatment effectiveness. PMID- 7215155 TI - Changes in cholinergic function in rat brain late in abstinence after chronic barbital treatment. AB - The effect of a forced long-term barbital treatment (daily dosage about 200 mg/kg for 32 weeks) on cholinergic brain mechanisms was studied on days 53 and 81 - 83 after withdrawal. Some of the barbital-treated rats were given a single injection of atropine (8 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on the third day of abstinence (group BA), while the other barbital-treated rats received saline (group BS). The sensitivity to a threshold dose of choline was tested on day 53. The rats in the BS group were more sensitive to choline than those in the control groups. When the rats were sacrificed on day 81 - 83 after withdrawal, a significant reduction in brain weight was found in group BS but not in group BA when compared with the controls. At the same time the content of endogenous acetylcholine was reduced in the barbital-treated animals and this reduction seemed to be positively related to the reduction of brain weight. After sacrifice the uptake and biotransformation of a tracer dose of radioactive choline were also studied. A marked difference was seen between the brain regions. In the cortex the biosynthesis of radioactive acetylcholine was significantly lower in the BS group than in the control group; the BA group was in between. In the midbrain no significant changes in radioactive acetylcholine synthesis were seen. In the striatum a significantly lower formation of radioactive acetylcholine was found in the BA group and a lower radioactive phosphorylcholine formation in he BS group. The studied variables indicate that prolonged barbital treatment induces changes in cholinergic function in rat brain extending considerably beyond withdrawal. Treatment with atropine early in the abstinence seemed to reduce these changes. PMID- 7215156 TI - Congregation sites for youthful multiple drug users: locations for epidemiological research and intervention. AB - Field research techniques were used to collect observational and interview data at outdoor sites in the south Chicago suburbs where youthful drug users congregated during good weather to buy, sell and use multiple drugs. Results indicated that the distribution system for non-opiate drugs is more stable than previously thought and that drug purchase occurs at such outdoor sites in the summer months and at the homes of drug users' friends during the winter. The largest and most active site in the area, a forest preserve, was intensively studied utilizing epidemiological survey and participant observation techniques. In contrast to smaller, neighborhood sites, this area attracted drug users and dealers extensively involved in heavy multiple drug use. Subjects came from an extremely wide area and were not organized into cohesive friendship groups formed during grade school and high school. A wide range of drug types was regularly available. The large proportion of unemployed youth and high school dropouts among the sample suggested that field techniques at such sites would be more likely to contact those youth most heavily involved in drug distribution and use than programs based in schools or industry. PMID- 7215157 TI - Thyroid status in chronic alcoholics. AB - Serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyrotrophin (TSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 39 chronic alcoholics on admission. Two patients had a reduced circulating serum T4 and eight showed a low serum T3 level but basal TSH was not raised in any of the 39 patients. Interestingly, low T4 and T3 levels returned to normal after abstinence and high protein and vitamin supplemented diet for one week. It is clear from our observations that a normo- or hypo- rather than a hypermetabolic or hyperthyroid state is more common in drinking chronic alcoholics. Ethanol-induced "low T3 syndrome" has also been described and a mechanism of its pathogenesis is suggested. PMID- 7215158 TI - Alcohol policy measures and the consumption of alcoholic beverages in Finland, 1950 - 1975. AB - The relationship between changes in alcohol policy measures and alcohol consumption is discussed on the basis of experiences in Finland during the period 1950 - 1975. Our examples of the effects of changes in alcohol policy measures on the consumption of alcohol show that these changes clearly affect the level of alcohol consumption. Alcohol policy measures which have visible short-term effects on consumption also frequently have long-term effects which are not revealed by consumption statistics. Changes in control measures clearly mould the structure of alcohol consumption by beverage class. When using the structure of the consumption as an indicator of drinking patterns one should, therefore, first examine if changes in the beverage structure are reflections of changing alcohol policy measures and the extent to which this happens. PMID- 7215159 TI - Increased prolactin reserve in alcoholics. AB - The prolactin response to oral metoclopramide (10 mg) was investigated in 53 chronic alcoholics (26 with alcoholic cirrhosis and 27 without evidence of liver disease) from two to seven days after alcohol suspension. The response appeared significantly higher in patients than in healthy controls and was not related to the presence of liver disease. This finding may depend on the deactivation of the dopaminergic activities secondary to alcohol suspension; alternatively, ethanol could have a direct action on prolactin secretion. PMID- 7215161 TI - [Trogoderma angustum Solier larva - a new inhaled allergen]. PMID- 7215160 TI - Antibacterial chemotherapy in the newborn. PMID- 7215162 TI - [On the treatment of carcinoma of the thyroid (author's transl)]. AB - Treatment of carcinoma of the thyroid includes, in addition to possible total surgical removal of thyroid and tumour tissue, obligatory radio-iodine treatment as well as administration of thyroid hormone in high dosage. Patients with anaplastic carcinoma as well as those with differentiated carcinoma which has broken into vessels or capsule or metastasized, are additionally given percutaneous radiation treatment. Cumulative survival rate for papillary thyroid carcinoma, treated according to this schema, was for women 95% after three years, 83% after five and 53% after ten years. Corresponding survival rates in men were 93%, 78% and 20% respectively. Rates for follicular thyroid carcinoma in women were 87% at three years, 75% at five and 50% at ten years. In men corresponding figures were 94, 77 and 50%. Dividing patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (210) into various risk groups, those with papillary and follicular carcinoma manifesting at an age under 45 years had a better prognosis than that after 45 years. Worst prognosis was with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, when survival rates at one, three and five years were 41, 28 and 18%, respectively. PMID- 7215163 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinaemia during additional methenolone administration in the treatment of metastasizing carcinoma of the breast]. AB - The effect of additive administration of methenolone oenanthate (Primobolan) on lipid metabolism was studied in 28 menopausal women with metastasizing carcinoma of the breast. In ten women hyperlipoproteinaemia type IIa was demonstrated in the course of treatment, while in two there was hyperlipoproteinaemia type IIb. One of the latter patients had a myocardial infarction in the course of treatment. There was no relationship between the level of hypercholesterolaemia and the methenolone dosage. Nor was it possible to classify the type of cholesterolaemia as a bile stasis syndrome. The hyperlipoproteinaemia regressed in every case once methenolone treatment was discontinued. PMID- 7215164 TI - [Brachialgias caused by straits of peripheral nerves]. PMID- 7215165 TI - [Fungi: etiologic factor in inflammatory symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract?]. PMID- 7215168 TI - [Validity of pool agreements in hospitals]. PMID- 7215167 TI - [Therapy of acute kidney failure]. PMID- 7215166 TI - [Serial determination of carcinoembryonic antigen in the follow-up of patients with malignant tumours (author's transl)]. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was determined serially in 54 patients with malignant tumour (other than colorectal ones). Patients in remission (21), those resistant to treatment (16) and a group not receiving treatment (17) showed a good correlation between growth behaviour of the tumour and titre changes. Best correlation was in 21 patients who after treatment with cytostatic agents, hormones or radiation had objective signs of remission. Serial determination of CEA is thus of value in the control of treatment of malignant tumours other than those of the colorectum. PMID- 7215170 TI - [Pathogenic spectrum for septicemia, 1974-1980]. PMID- 7215169 TI - [Enteritis from "atypical" Yersinia]. PMID- 7215171 TI - [Survival rates and reduction or mortality in Hodgkin's disease in relation to age of the patient (author's transl)]. AB - Survival rates were calculated in 550 patients with Hodgkin's disease during the years 1966 to 1979 according to decade of age and were classified into three significantly different groups. The patients have been investigated according to a standard procedure since 1972 and the major part was treated intensively. The five-year-survival rate was 95% for the group under 30 years of age, 75% for the group between 31 and 60 years and 47% for the older group. For the three comparative groups during 1966 to 1971 the rates of 76%, 60% and 40% were markedly lower. Mortality in the young and middle age groups has decreased in Hamburg since 1975. Due to the continued above average death rate after the 60th year of life this development is not sufficiently noticeable in the total group. A similar tendency is shown in the GFR mortality statistics. With increased use of diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities the age of the patient becoming one of the most important prognostic features in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7215172 TI - [Cytur-test used in nephrology out-patients (author's transl)]. AB - Assessment of the value of test strips for demonstration of white cells in urine (Cytur-test) in 161 out-patient urine samples showed that a quick method such as the Cytur-test is no substitute for conventional methods. In hospital nephrology out-patients methods such as the Addis count or the investigation of urine sediment cannot be replaced. However, in a preliminary test with test strips information can be obtained as to the white cell content of the urine. Samples from patients in whom Addis count or sediment results showed no pathological leucocyturia, also had negative results in the test strip in a high percentage (84 out of 88 cases). A positive Cytur-test indicates lysed white cells in such cases (4 out of 88 cases). Due to the different sensitivity, as a consequence of a wider negative range, the Cytur-test resulted in fewer positive findings when compared to the other methods: 6 out of 24 in the Addis count and 2 out of 11 in urinary sediment. PMID- 7215173 TI - [X-linked mental retardation and X-chromosome fragile sites (author's transl)]. AB - One of the commonest forms of mental retardation can now be especially diagnosed by differentiated chromosome analysis: X-linked heritable mental retardation with a fragile site on the X-chromosome. The fragile site on the distal long arm of the X-chromosome in region 2, band 7 (Xq27) is not apparent under normal circumstances of culture but must be provoked by folic acid deficiency in the culture medium. The marker X-chromosome is demonstratable in 4-56% of the metaphases in affected males, whereas the recognition of heterozygote gene carriers is still uncertain. In the hemizygotes the defect is characterised clinically by a usually moderately severe intellectual retardation. The character of the carriers is friendly, and well balanced. Speech development is greatly retarded. Testicular volume beyond puberty is increased. Heterozygote females are usually clinically unremarkable. At times a slight mental retardation has been described. PMID- 7215174 TI - [Possible surgical treatment of liver metastases (author's transl)]. AB - Resection of liver metastases was performed in 31 patients from 1973 to 1980. There were 25 atypical partial resections and 6 anatomical hemihepatectomies. In agreement with some large collective there was a relatively favourable prognosis after resection of solitary metastases or of those restricted to a lobe or segment when the primary tumour was colorectal. Surprisingly favourable individual results were also obtained with en-bloc resection of malignant gastric tumour in which the liver had been infiltrated locally. Other oncological methods of treatment are inferior to surgical intervention and should only be used for inoperable liver metastases in the course of controlled clinical studies. Regular postoperative control with exhaustive application of all diagnostic possibilities for discovering metastases are justified in view of the therapeutic consequences only with respect to primary tumours in the colorectal region. PMID- 7215176 TI - [Acute kidney failure caused by piromidic acid]. PMID- 7215177 TI - [Bacteria of the genus Campylobacter, isolated from middle-aged persons]. PMID- 7215175 TI - [Amount of reflux in an operated stomach (author's transl)]. AB - Postoperative duodenal or jejunogastric reflux of bile acids and lysolecithin was measured in 189 patients with different types of operation for ulcer and in 35 control subjects. After selective proximal vagotomy without pyloroplasty there was a normal reflux, but after additional pyloroplasty (after Heineke-Mikulicz or Jaboulay) there was a slightly increased concentration of bile acids and lysolecithin. After gastric resection (Billroth I) values were four to eight times those after vagotomy with pyloroplasty or nine to sixteen-fold the normal amount. Reflux values twice as high as after Billroth I were found in patients after Billroth II resection without Braun's enteroanastomosis. Additional Braun's enteroanastomosis reduced the lysolecithin and bile acid concentration after Billroth II to levels after Billroth I. Normal reflux values after gastric resection were achieved by a Roux-Y gastroenterostomy and 25-cm long isoperistaltic jejunal interposition as an anastomosis variant. PMID- 7215178 TI - [Transesophageal echocardiography. A new method for dynamic ventricle function analysis]. PMID- 7215179 TI - [Early prognostic implications of haemodynamic findings in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Investigation of 226 patients with acute myocardial infarction showed that simultaneous assessment of end-diastolic pressure in the pulmonary artery as well as minute volume and arterial blood pressure enable a mostly reliable prognosis to be made. End-diastolic pulmonary artery pressure below 18 mm Hg, remaining so during the first two days of illness, is associated with mortality of around 7%. Initially increased values falling to below 18 mm Hg during the measurements are also linked with a good prognosis. An increase within the first 72 hours, as a consequence of progression of infarction or recurrence, increases mortality to around 23%. In cases where the initially increased end-diastolic pulmonary pressure cannot be lowered constantly, prognosis is also unfavourable due to chronic left heart failure in extensive cardiac infarction. The most certain prediction can be derived from the product of stroke volume and pressure, related to body surface. This stroke-work index does not only reflect pre- and after loading of the left ventricle values mortality was 4%, rising to 88% with values below 25 g . m/m2. Haemodynamic monitoring is indicated for treatment surveillance particularly with vasodilators. Our results show that in addition a useful prognosis may be derived from the individual haemodynamic situation. PMID- 7215181 TI - [Use of routinely performed spirometry in the general medical examination (author's transl)]. AB - The value of routine spirometry was investigated in 631 unselected out-patients. The spirogram was abnormal in 17%, the ECG in 15% and the chest X-ray in 13% of patients. Pathological spirograms correlated mainly with mild or moderate obstructive ventilatory disturbances (80%) which were associated with clinical findings in only 74%. In the ECG, disturbances of repolarisation were more common (71%) than those of stimulation and conduction (29%) and were associated with clinical findings in 65%. In 91% of patients with pathological chest radiograms other investigations had indicated the necessity for an X-ray. Thus spirometry is, in addition to ECG and chest X-ray, a useful routine method. As disorders of the lung function are not always predictable by smoking habits, spirometry offers the possibility for early detection of symptom-free disease of the lung and respiratory tract. PMID- 7215180 TI - [Reduced plasma fibronectin in patients with sepsis and shock (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma fibronectin concentrations were determined in 16 patients with sepsis and shock. In all patients a definite decrease was observed during the course of the disease which did not correlate with coagulative function. Fibronectin in plasma rose to normal levels with improvement in the clinical picture. It is possible that plasma fibronectin indicates the functioning of the reticuloendothelial system. PMID- 7215183 TI - [Heparin in acute myocardial infarct?]. PMID- 7215182 TI - [Ultrasonic findings in renal diseases with hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasound investigations of the kidney were performed in a prospective study in 51 patients with hypertension. It was shown by means of characteristic changes that renovascular and renal parenchymatous diseases can be differentiated. The case of renal atrophy could be demonstrated in 14 out of 20 cases with renovascular changes and in 15 out of 18 cases wtih primary renal parenchymatous disease. There were false positive results in two out of 13 cases of essential hypertension. The importance of intrarenal cysts in the aetiology of hypertension requires further investigation. PMID- 7215184 TI - [Possibilities of treatment of reduction in Hodgkin's disease. III. Can polychemotherapy when combined with radiotherapy of localised stages be reduced? (author's transl)]. AB - The effectiveness of three and six cycles of MOPP (chlormethine, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisolone) as initial chemotherapy in 108 patients with Hodgkin's disease at clinical stages II nA, IIB, IIIA and B was compared in a study of two groups, one of them treated in six cycles (October, 1972--December, 1976), the other in three cycles (January, 1977--October, 1979). The clinically complete remissions obtained by this schedule and findings at exploratory splenectomy were chosen as measures of effectiveness. The frequency of clinically complete remission was similar in both groups. In 96% (97% for the second group) of patients in whom the three (six) MOPP cycles of cytostatic treatment achieved clinically complete remission, exploratory splenectomy failed to reveal any infradiaphragmatic involvement. In patients in stage IIA and IIB one can, therefore, consider reducing primary cytostatic treatment to three MOPP cycles. Exploratory splenectomy and prophylactic infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy can be omitted in these patients, if one accepts the 5% risk of infradiaphragmatic involvement. Splenectomy can also be omitted in patients in stage III, but not infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy, including that no the spleen. PMID- 7215185 TI - [Survival rates in Hodgkin's disease in relation to histological subtypes (author's transl)]. AB - Due to advantages of diagnostic and therapeutic progress the five-year-survival rates for 3 histological subtypes have become comparable in 322 patients with Hodgkin's disease during the years 1972 to 1979. Five-year-survival was 96% for the predominantly lymphocytic type, 90% for the nodular sclerosing type and 77% for the mixed cell type. Survival for all types together was 84% after 5 years and 80% after 7 years. The lymphocytic depletion type had a much worse prognosis with a five-year-survival of 31%. Apart from a reduced incidence of nodular sclerosis after the 40th year of life the histological forms were evenly spread between age groups and sexes On the other hand there were relationships between histological type and clinical stage. PMID- 7215186 TI - ["Hyperthyroiditis" (author's transl)]. AB - Typical signs of so-called hyperthyroiditis are hyperthyroidism, low iodine uptake by the thyroid, absence of local, general or humoral signs of inflammation, and absence of significant antibody titres against thyroid tissue. These features are illustrated by the case report of a 51-year-old man. Since the course of hyperthyroidism is short and has a good prognosis, the importance of the diagnosis lies in avoiding unnecessary therapeutic measures. This cause of hyperthyroidism can be recognized only by including tests of intrathyroid iodine metabolism among diagnostic procedures. PMID- 7215187 TI - [Formal declaration of dispensation from professional secrecy to insurance companies]. PMID- 7215188 TI - [Criteria for the definition of early cancer of the breast (author's transl)]. AB - In order to define cancer of the breast limited to the breast parenchyma 114 infiltrating carcinomas with a maximum size of 1 cm and 88 non-infiltrating carcinomas (without size limitation) were investigated histologically for axillary lymph node metastases. All carcinomas with a size of up to 0.5 cm (25 cases) were free of lymph node metastases. Infiltrating carcinomas with a size of more than 0.5 cm up to 1 cm (108 cases) showed metastases in 25%. Non infiltrating carcinomas of more than 0.5 cm (69 cases) had lymph node metastases in 1.4%. Considering the excellent prognosis, by histologically criteria infiltrating carcinomas of up to 0.5 cm and all non-infiltrating carcinomas can be considered as cases of "early breast cancer". For detection of these carcinomas mammography is of considerable importance, particularly when micro calcifications are demonstrated. Among non-invasive carcinomas 74% were thus discovered by this method. PMID- 7215189 TI - [Thrombolytic treatment of venous thrombi with combined use of streptokinase and human plasminogen (author's transl)]. AB - Thirteen patients with up to two-week-old phlebothromboses were treated with streptokinase and human plasminogen according to a fixed dosage scheme. In six cases reopening of the vein was complete, in three cases partially complete. In four cases thrombolysis had to be stopped due to macrohaematuria. Haemorrhagic complications occurred mainly after the third day of treatment. Substitution of human plasminogen during continuous streptokinase administration is, in the case of demonstrable lowering of the plasma plasminogen level, a valuable addition to the thrombolytic concept. PMID- 7215190 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic gallstone extraction (author's transl)]. AB - Gall stones 1-3 cm in size were removed in three out of four patients from the common bile duct using a Dormia basket via the percutaneous transhepatic route. This method is indicated in selected cases: inoperable patients or those with a high surgical risk, and calculous obstruction after hepatico-jejunostomy. The method is limited in stones over 1 cm by their hardness. PMID- 7215191 TI - [Diaphyseal dysplasia (Camurati-Engelmann syndrome) with progressive loss of vision: 30-year observations and the effect of prednisolone treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Radiological changes in the skeleton had been present for 30 years in a now 42 year-old man with diaphyseal dysplasia (Camurati-Engelmann syndrome). Because of threatened blindness by bony narrowing of the optic canal prednisolone was administered over several years. Biochemical, calcium-kinetic and ophthalmological studies demonstrated a favourable effect of this treatment. PMID- 7215193 TI - [Therapy of hypercholesteremia with apple pectin]. PMID- 7215192 TI - [Problems of adaptation in hypertension research (author's transl)]. AB - Emotional stress testing was performed twice in 12 normotensive and 12 hypertensive patients. When compared with normotensive persons, hypertensive patients had a clearly greater adaptation of blood pressure response in second stress test. This effect was so pronounced that differences between normotensive and hypertensive persons observed in the first test disappeared. Because of this pronounced adaptation effect, demonstrated until now only for emotional stress, intraindividual comparison does not seem a method of choice in the evaluation of antihypertensive effects by stress situations. Specific influence of antihypertensive drugs on emotional blood pressure reactions can only be demonstrated in the inter-individual comparison with another antihypertensive drug. First comparison between both groups should only be done after establishing a therapeutic effect on resting blood pressure. PMID- 7215194 TI - [Course of acute viral hepatitis B during immune prevention]. PMID- 7215195 TI - [Bradyarrhythmia caused by combined lithium-neuroleptic therapy]. PMID- 7215197 TI - The toxicology profile of the anti-inflammatory drug proquazone in animals. AB - Proquazone is a chemically distinctive non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is orally effective as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti pyretic in animals. As with other NSAID's the main toxic effect was gastrointestinal irritation with sequellae. Comparative relative potency of proquazone with other NSAID's with regard to gastrointestinal effects was: rat indomethacin greater than naproxen = proquazone greater than phenylbutazone; dog indomethacin greater than naproxen greater than proquazone greater than phenylbutazone. In addition to gastrointestinal effects in minipigs, inflammatory renal changes occurred; renal changes also occurred in pigs treated with phenylbutazone. No evidence of carcinogenicity was seen in rodent oncogenicity studies. Evidence of teratogenicity was not seen in rat and rabbit teratological studies. In reproduction/perinatal studies in rats dose levels that induced intestinal lesions in the dams resulted in decreased survival of young to weaning. A major human metabolite of proquazone, the m-hydroxy derivative, was shown to be less toxic than the parent compound. PMID- 7215198 TI - 2-Isocyanatoethyl methacrylate--an inhalation dominant lethal study in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. AB - 2-Isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM), a monomer, has been developed for use as a component in coating materials. The dominant lethal test was used to evaluate the mutagenic potential of IEM in rats. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 25, 80, or 250 ppb of IEM by inhalation for 6 hr/day for 10 weeks (one spermatogenic cycle). After the exposure period, the males were bred with untreated virgin female rats. At approximately mid-gestation, the females were sacrificed and the number of corpora lutea, implantations, and resorptions were recorded. Statistical analysis of these data indicated that the treated males were comparable to control males in all reproductive parameters evaluated. IEM did not affect male fertility or produce dominant lethal mutations in male rats following ten weeks of inhalation exposure to 25, 80 or 250 ppb IEM. PMID- 7215196 TI - Studies on inhalation toxicity of 2-propanol. AB - Biological effects of a single exposure to moderate or high concentrations of 2 propanol were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute toxicity (LC50, t:8 hours) of this widely used solvent was determined and found to be 19000 ppm (17380-20760 ppm) for females and 22500 ppm (19200-26400 ppm) for males. Determination of blood levels of 2-propanol and its metabolite, acetone, was carried out during and after a single 4-hour exposure (Concentration range: 500 to 8000 ppm). The amount of acetone and 2-propanol was directly related to the various air concentrations of alcohol inhaled. Increase of exposure time to 8 hours enhanced considerably the amount of blood acetone which could be determined even 20 hours after exposure. These findings indicate a slow conversion of this alcohol to acetone which can be used as biochemical indicator to exposure. Histopathological examination of rats exposed to high levels of 2-propanol shows typical lesions of chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema accompanied by foamy vacuolization of liver cells and severe focal cytoplasmic degradation. PMID- 7215199 TI - Influence of n-hexane on embryo and fetal development in mice. AB - Pregnant outbred albino mice (CD-1) received n-hexane once daily be gavage at doses up to 2.20 g/kg/day on days 6-15 of gestation. Other pregnant mice received higher hexane doses (up to 9.90 g/kg/day), employing a three times a day injection schedule. At the lower, once-daily doses only one dam died and no teratogenic effects occurred. Higher hexane doses (t.i.d.) were toxic: 2 of 25 dams treated with 2.83 g/kg/day, 3 of 34 treated with 7.92 g/kg/day and 5 of 33 treated with 9.90 g/kg/day died. At the 7.92 and 9.90 g/kg/day doses, the average fetal weight was significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced, but the incidence of malformations in treated and vehicle (cotton-seed oil) control groups did not differ significantly. Thus, n-hexane was not teratogenic even at doses toxic to the dam. PMID- 7215200 TI - Cadmium induced changes in gluconeogenic enzymes in rat kidney and liver. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered cadmium chloride 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm for 30 days. At the end of the treatments, the body weight gains, serum glucose, serum protein, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were determined. Renal and hepatic key gluconeogenic enzymes; viz., pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were also determined. A significant decrease in body weight gain in rats treated with cadmium was observed. The serum glucose and protein levels were increased in rats receiving cadmium through feed. All four key gluconeogenic enzymes were increased in both kidney and liver tissues of rats treated with cadmium. The present results indicate that cadmium may induce gluconeogenesis from non-carbohydrate sources. PMID- 7215203 TI - Effects of brain extracts from chick embryo on the development of astroblasts in culture. AB - Different soluble extracts were prepared from chick brains and tested for their effect on the development of glial cells prepared from the cerebral hemispheres of newborn rats and grown in primary culture. Every brain extract tested, from animals between 8 days embryonic and adult ages, stimulated astroblast proliferation and accelerated their maturation as shown by morphological changes, the appearance of gliofilament bundles and by the increase of the amount of the glial-specific protein S-100 between 10 and 40 days in culture. These effects were observed in cultures continuously treated with extracts beginning with the 5th day after seeding. In cultures in which treatment was stopped 25 days after seeding, S-100 level continued to increase like in continuously treated cells. An identical increase of S-100 protein level was induced by treatments started as early as 24 h or as late as 25 days after seeding. In contrast, when the extracts were added at time 0 a toxic effect was observed and no stimulation of the maturation occurred. PMID- 7215202 TI - Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in the developing chick visual system. AB - The developmental profiles of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, and of some of its quaternary structural forms, characterized by discrete sedimentation coefficients, have been comparatively analyzed in chick retina and optic tectum, between embryonic day 8 and day 10 after hatching. Four molecular species of AChE have been characterized in both retina and tectum during this developmental period: two of them with sedimentation coefficients of 11S and 6S, accounting together for 94-99% of the AChE activity in the initial homogenate, can be easily extracted by homogenization in a buffer containing 1% Triton X-100 and 1 M NaC1, at 4 degrees C. The other two, however, are not extractable by such treatment, but can be released by collagenase from the residue left after the detergent-salt extraction; they have apparent sedimentation coefficients of 21.5S and 16.5S and represent, together, less than 2% of activity in the initial homogenate. All four forms of the enzyme show distinctive patterns of change during the developmental period considered, with significant differences between retina and tectum. These differences are discussed in the context of the specific roles of retina and tectum in the visual process. PMID- 7215201 TI - S-(O-ethyl phenylphosphonothionyl) glutathione; evidence for its formation in the in vitro metabolism of EPN in houseflies. AB - Double labelling experiments using [phenyl-14C], [2,6-p-nitro-phenyl-14C]- or, nonradioactive EPN with [35S]-, [glycine-3H]- or nonradioactive glutathione in the presence of the 100,000g supernatant fraction from the Rutgers strain of houseflies resulted in the formation of a radiolabelled conjugate. Hydrolysis of the [phenyl-14C] conjugate formed the phenyl-[14C]-phosphonothioic acid. The proposed structure of the conjugate is S-(O-ethyl phenylphosphonothionyl) glutathione. The conjugate is formed with racemic, (+), or (-) EPN. Structure activity studies indicate the following: a decrease in the electron withdrawing properties of the substituents on the O-p-nitrophenyl moiety results in a decrease in the formation of the conjugates; substituting the phenylphosphonothioic moiety with the ethyl-phosphonothioate, inhibits the formation of the corresponding conjugate' substituting the O-ethyl group with other alkyl groups did not effect the formation of the corresponding conjugate. PMID- 7215204 TI - Unaromatized androgen is taken up by the neonatal rat brain: two receptor systems for androgen. AB - Data are presented which suggests that testosterone or one of its unaromatized metabolites act on at least three areas of the rat brain during the period of sexual differentiation. In addition, it is proposed that there are two androgen receptor systems in the brain responsible for nuclear uptake and retention of androgen. PMID- 7215205 TI - Effect of amphetamine on the metabolism and incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA of developing rat brain. AB - High doses of dl-amphetamine (15-40 mg/kg in free base, s.c.) inhibited the cell proliferation in the forebrain of 10-day-old rats 2 h after treatment, in terms of the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA. The relative specific radioactivity of DNA was decreased to 70% compared to controls. The norepinephrine level of the forebrain was reduced to 30-50% of the control value. The observed elevation of plasma corticosterone level did not appear to mediate the effect on cell proliferation. Kinetic studies indicated that the entry of precursor from the blood to the brain tissue was enhanced, but the higher tissue concentration of precursor was not utilized in the DNA synthesis with the same speed. The phosphorylation of radioactive thymidine to thymidine phosphates was only slightly inhibited, and the suppression of DNA synthesis was evident even after the correction made on the basis of concentration of radioactivity thymidine phosphates available for synthesis. DNA synthesis in the cerebellum was not suppressed by amphetamine treatment. The possible connection between the change in norepinephrine pools and the proliferative activity is considered. PMID- 7215206 TI - Ontogeny of membrane-bound protein phosphorylating systems in the rat. AB - The ontogeny of the major intrinsic phosphoproteins in membrane fractions prepared from cerebral cortex was studied in the rat. The apparent membrane content of 4 phosphoproteins increased markedly over the period 10-15 days after birth, i.e. coinciding with the onset of synaptogenesis. Two of these proteins (molecular weights 79,000 and 86,000) were phosphorylated in cyclic AMP-dependent reactions, and two (molecular weights 50,000 and 162,000) were phosphorylated in reactions dependent on Ca2+ + cytosol extract. The apparent content of other acceptor proteins phosphorylated in analogous reactions increased more gradually from birth to adulthood. In contrast the apparent membrane content of a protein of 47,000 daltons, which was phosphorylated in a reaction requiring Ca2+ only, was relatively very high at birth and until 15 days of age, but then declined 6 fold until adulthood was reached. The relative distribution of the intrinsic phosphoproteins in several particulate fractions was also compared in 1- and 19 day-old rats. In 1-day-old animals the phosphoprotein of 47,000 daltons was found predominantly in a light membrane fraction, but at 19 days it was only just discernible in the equivalent fraction and was found instead in heavier fractions. PMID- 7215207 TI - [Clinical examination of vibration sensitivity]. PMID- 7215208 TI - [Erysipelas--an increasingly occurring skin disease]. PMID- 7215210 TI - [Treatment of the nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 7215212 TI - [Continuous ECG-monitoring in outpatient practice]. PMID- 7215211 TI - [Dioxins]. PMID- 7215209 TI - [The blue toe syndrome]. PMID- 7215214 TI - [Persistent crying -- central nervous reaction to triple vaccine]. PMID- 7215213 TI - [Danazol in the treatment of severe endometriosis]. PMID- 7215215 TI - [Persistence of IgM-, IgG and IgA-antibodies in Yersinia arthritis]. PMID- 7215216 TI - [Treatment of intermittent claudication]. PMID- 7215217 TI - [Prevention and treatment of TIA]. PMID- 7215218 TI - [Arthroscopy]. PMID- 7215219 TI - [Tachyphylaxis in chronic timolol-treated glaucoma]. PMID- 7215222 TI - [Cytostatic drugs and fertility]. PMID- 7215223 TI - [Pittsburgh pneumonia agent]. PMID- 7215221 TI - [Radiological examination of the gallbladder]. PMID- 7215220 TI - [Prognosis of cutaneous melanoma]. PMID- 7215224 TI - [Late side-effects of cytostatic agents]. PMID- 7215229 TI - [The choice of antitussive agents]. PMID- 7215228 TI - [Ovarian tumor and high serum lactate dehydrogenase]. PMID- 7215226 TI - [A work exposure test for diagnosis of allergic alveolitis]. PMID- 7215227 TI - [Ophthalmia neonatorum from contaminated water]. PMID- 7215225 TI - [Shunt nephritis - circulating immune complexes and glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7215231 TI - [Follow-up studies of patients with thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7215230 TI - [Cell hybridization - a new method for antibody production]. PMID- 7215232 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7215233 TI - [Mutational hazards of smoking]. PMID- 7215234 TI - [Avulsion of the distal biceps brachial tendon]. PMID- 7215235 TI - [Treatment of reactive arthritis]. PMID- 7215236 TI - [Clinico-pathological conference LIX. Eosinophilia, hepatosplenomegaly and malabsorption]. PMID- 7215237 TI - Squamous carcinoma of the adolescent larynx. PMID- 7215238 TI - Gas-forming suppurative thyroiditis. PMID- 7215239 TI - Primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid. PMID- 7215240 TI - Metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the tonsil. PMID- 7215241 TI - The mediastinum. PMID- 7215242 TI - The anatomy of the mediastinum. PMID- 7215243 TI - Pathology of the mediastinum. PMID- 7215244 TI - Radiologic analysis of the mediastinum. PMID- 7215245 TI - The technique of mediastinoscopy. PMID- 7215246 TI - Mediastinoscopy for cancer of the head and neck. PMID- 7215247 TI - Mediastinoscopy for bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7215248 TI - Some medico-legal aspects of diagnostic radiology. PMID- 7215249 TI - Car seat belts. PMID- 7215250 TI - Type B hepatitis infection risk in flexible fibreoptic endoscopy. PMID- 7215251 TI - Multiple primary malignant tumours in Ugandan Africans. PMID- 7215252 TI - Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the right ventricle. PMID- 7215254 TI - True prematurity in eastern Nigeria. PMID- 7215253 TI - Elevation of depressed fracture of the skull by vacuum extractor. PMID- 7215256 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria in an East African female. PMID- 7215255 TI - Prolonged rupture of membrane and neonatal morbidity. PMID- 7215257 TI - The health hazards of blood lipids. Optimal distribution for populations. PMID- 7215258 TI - The practice of medicine in East Africa 1970-1979 and future prospects. Obstetrics and gynaecology. PMID- 7215259 TI - Measured food intake of preschool children in Machakos District. PMID- 7215260 TI - High prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen in sickle cell trait. PMID- 7215261 TI - Carcinoma of the colon and rectum at Kenyatta National Hospital 1974-1979. PMID- 7215262 TI - Prediction of the respiratory distress syndrome by the shake test on gastric aspirate. PMID- 7215263 TI - Hodgkin's disease in Kenyan children (a six-year report on management). PMID- 7215264 TI - Childhood meningitis in Benin City, Nigeria. PMID- 7215265 TI - Multiple births in Igbo women. PMID- 7215267 TI - Full term live infant born of abdominal pregnancy. PMID- 7215268 TI - Immunosuppressive effect of serum from human hydatid disease: preliminary communication. PMID- 7215266 TI - The age and sex distribution of hydatid disease in Turkana. PMID- 7215269 TI - Penicillin resistant pneumococcal meningitis in Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. PMID- 7215270 TI - A current appraisal of the abnormal Pap smear. PMID- 7215271 TI - Analysis of maternal deaths in the Central Region of Malawi. PMID- 7215272 TI - Use of metrifonate for selective population chemotherapy against urinary schistosomiasis in an endemic area at Mwanza, Tanzania. PMID- 7215274 TI - Diphtheria: a case report encountered in private practice. PMID- 7215273 TI - Serum levels of vitamin A, beta-carotene and albumin in children with measles. PMID- 7215275 TI - Ureteroileocutaneous anastomosis--the Lagos experience. PMID- 7215276 TI - Psychiatric diagnosis of 236 admissions seen at Ndola, Zambia. PMID- 7215277 TI - Tuberculosis in a retroperitoneal haemangiopericytoma. PMID- 7215278 TI - Basilar artery migraine in a child: excellent response to propranolol. PMID- 7215279 TI - Hypertension: what is new about its management? PMID- 7215280 TI - Functioning of the ensemble of motor units of the muscle determined from global EMG signal. PMID- 7215281 TI - H-reflex and vibratory stimuli to the extremity. PMID- 7215282 TI - Conduction velocity of the distal segment of the saphenous nerve in normal adult subjects. PMID- 7215283 TI - Phrenic nerve and diaphragmatic involvement in progressive muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7215284 TI - Electromyography in the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis. PMID- 7215285 TI - Reliability of EMG registrations. A quantitative analysis of masseter muscle activity. PMID- 7215286 TI - Motor unit firing with different feedback methods. PMID- 7215287 TI - The effects of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone on the metabolism of free fatty acid by perfused livers from normal female and ovariectomized rats. AB - To determine whether any interaction occurs between progesterone and 17 beta estradiol in the regulation of FFA metabolism by the liver, normal female rats were injected sc daily for 14 days with 7.5, 15, 50, or 100 microgram 17 beta estradiol/kg, 25 mg progesterone/kg, 15 microgram 17 beta-estradiol plus 25 mg progesterone/kg, or vehicle (sesame oil) alone. To determine the effects of these hormones in the absence of endogenous estradiol and progesterone, ovariectomized rats were treated with the steroids. Livers were removed from the variously treated rats and perfused in vitro in a recycling system. An albumin-oleate complex was infused into the perfusate, providing a steady state concentration of 0.3--0.5 nM oleate. The uptake of FFA and output of ketone bodies and glucose by the livers were generally not altered by any of the steroid treatments. Neither these parameters nor triglyceride secretion was altered by ovariectomy. The administration of 15, 50, and 100 microgram estradiol/kg to normal, but not ovariectomized rats, increased triglyceride secretion. Progesterone alone had no effect on the secretion of triglyceride, but did antagonize the estradiol mediated stimulation of triglyceride secretion in normal rats. The molar ratios of phospholipid to triglyceride and cholesterol to triglyceride of the very low density lipoprotein secreted by livers from normal females treated with estradiol were not altered, suggesting that the livers secreted more very low density lipoprotein particles of the same size. Based on the same criteria, livers from ovariectomized rats secreted smaller very low density lipoprotein particles compared to livers from control animals, an effect which was reversed by the administration of estradiol. We conclude that progesterone antagonizes the stimulation of hepatic triglyceride secretion by estradiol in normal female rats and that ovariectomy prevents this effect of progesterone. PMID- 7215288 TI - Thyroid-stimulating hormone subunits: evidence from endoglycosidase-H cleavage for late presecretory glycosylation. AB - Glycosylation of newly synthesized subunits of TSH, a regulator of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, was studied in a mouse pituitary thyrotropic tumor in vitro. Subunits were pulse labeled by incubations of the tumor for 10 or 30 min with [35S]methionine, followed by chase incubations with unlabeled methionine for 30--90 min. The sensitivity of the subunit oligosaccharides to cleavage by the glycosidase endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) was determined by comparisons of the electrophoretic mobilities, on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, of Endo H-treated and untreated labeled subunits in cells and media. We found that oligosaccharides of most of the intracellular subunits remained sensitive, whereas the oligosaccharides of all subunits released from the tumor were resistant to cleavage by Endo H during the transport of the subunits within the secretory pathway. Therefore, alterations in the carbohydrate structure of the subunits occur close to the time of secretion of the subunits and presumably represent late distal glycosylation steps that convert the oligosaccharides from high mannose to complex types. Late glycosylation may serve extraglandular functions, such as enhanced metabolic stability or expression of recognition sites for interaction with target organ receptors. PMID- 7215289 TI - Specific tissue metabolism of progesterone in vivo in the anesthetized female rhesus monkey during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7215290 TI - Immunosequestration: a new technique for studying peripheral iodothyronine metabolism in vitro. PMID- 7215291 TI - Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine concentrations in maternal and fetal sheep during spontaneous parturition and in premature sheep during cortisol induced parturition. AB - The plasma catecholamine response to parturition was studied in two groups of chronically catheterized fetal sheep. Group I consisted of full term pregnancies with a mean gestation of 147 days at delivery. Group II was comprised of fetal sheep infused with cortisol to induce premature delivery at a mean gestational age of 135 days. Plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured in group I mothers and fetuses and group II fetuses by radioenzymatic assay using 50 microliter samples. Uterine contractions began 4--14 h before delivery in both groups. Significant increases in fetal plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations occurred within 3 h of delivery in both groups. Group I plasma epinephrine (E) and group I and II plasma dopamine levels were significantly increased within 1 h of delivery. Only plasma E levels differed in group I and II fetuses; there was no significant rise in plasma E concentrations in cortisol-infused (group II) fetuses. Maternal plasma NE and E concentrations were increased 2--3 h before delivery in group I animals. Maternal plasma dopamine concentrations were only elevated 30 min before delivery when plasma NE and E levels were highest. PMID- 7215294 TI - Effects of hypoxia on beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin release in fetal, newborn, and maternal sheep. PMID- 7215293 TI - Binding of [3H]dexamethasone by rat placenta. PMID- 7215292 TI - The effect of renal impairment on growth in the rat: relationship to malnutrition and serum somatomedin levels. PMID- 7215295 TI - Hypersensitivity of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to heat, ether, and immobilization. AB - The responses to immobilization, ether, and heat of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats (S-D) were compared. Hyperglycemia reached a maximum within 5 min of exposure and was most intense in SHR. There were no differences in the pituitary content of GH or PRL between the SHR and S-D. Circulating GH levels were especially depleted in SHR 15 min post exposure, with rebound to high blood levels at 1 h. Circulating PRL levels were slightly higher in quiescent SHR vs. S-D but surged to much higher levels post exposure in SHR vs. S-D. Postexposure blood corticosterone and aldosterone levels rose to much higher levels in SHR vs. S-D. Although the blood glucose, GH, PRL, corticosterone, and aldosterone levels are similar in hypertensive SHR and normotensive S-D under quiescent conditions, SHR appear to be much more sensitive and respond more vigorously to heat, ether, and immobilization. It is suggested that abnormal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary system may play a role in the pathogenesis of the genetically programmed hypertension of SHR. PMID- 7215296 TI - Endocrine regulation of rat serum cholinesterase activity. AB - Enzymological and endocrine studies of rat serum cholinesterase (CHE) suggest that this enzyme is subject to a complex and specific form of regulation. Adult CHE activity levels are 3-fold higher in adult females than in males. Gonadectomy and/or hypophysectomy abolish these sex differences. Androgen and estrogen replacement to gonadectomized but not to hypophysectomized animals reverses this action. Adrenalectomy produces no significant changes in serum CHE levels in either male or female rats. An ectopic pituitary plus the appropriate steroid cannot reverse the effect of hypophysectomy. The catalytic properties of CHE alter concurrently with isozyme changes and are reflected in the changes in the ratio of hydrolysis of the butyryl and acetyl substrates. Androgens and estrogens, acting through the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis, appear to modulate the synthesis of specific CHE isozymes. PMID- 7215298 TI - Estrogen-induced progesterone receptor in the Syrian hamster kidney. II. Modulation by synthetic progestins. PMID- 7215297 TI - Rapid fluctuations in the levels of specific estradiol-binding sites in endometrial cells in culture. PMID- 7215299 TI - Plasma clearance and organ distribution of native and desialylated rat and human transcortin: species specificity. AB - Plasma clearance of intact and desialylated rat and human transcortin after iv injection into rats and hamsters has been investigated. Intact rat transcortin was shown to have an approximately 5-fold longer half-life in the rat circulation than human transcortin. Removal of sialic acid residues resulted in a reduction of the half-life of rat transcortin from 4 h to 90 sec. This rapid clearance could be blocked by simultaneous injection of asialofetuin, but the clearance of intact rat transcortin was unaffected by asialofetuin. Five rat organs (pancreas, uterus, kidney, liver, and psoas muscle) were sampled at 30 and 60 min after injection of iodinated rat or human transcortin and examined for their intact transcortin levels relative to those of plasma and [14C]sucrose distribution volumes. With the exception of the liver, the organs had lower tissue:plasma ratios of [125I]iodo-transcortin than did [14C]sucrose. Liver was found to accumulate 3--8 times more human [125I]iodo-transcortin than rat [125I]iodo transcortin, suggesting that this organ plays a greater role in the degradation and plasma clearance of human transcortin. When injected into hamsters, rat and human transcortin both had relatively long half-lives (5.8 and 6.8 h, respectively), which were dramatically shortened when sialic acid was removed. Our results suggest that the differences observed in the half-lives of these two species of transcortin in the rat are most likely due to differences in the metabolism of these two transcortins by the endogenous neuraminidase(s). PMID- 7215301 TI - Preovulatory depletion of ovarian catecholamines in the rat. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to correlate changes in ovarian catecholamines and serum pituitary hormones and sex steroids. As the experimental model we used the prepubertal rat injected with 7.5 IU PMS on day 28 at 0900 h. Within 24 h after the injection, ovarian weight increased, and on day 30 at 2400 h, it was twice that of controls. On day 31, all of the PMS-treated rats but none of the controls had ovulated, and the average number of ova was 9. Serum estradiol in these rats was elevated significantly on the afternoon of day 30 and was followed by a preovulatory surge of LH and FSH. Serum progesterone was also increased on the evening of day 30, and an elevation in serum PRL on the morning of day 30 in the PMS-treated rats was evident, whereas serum GH was unchanged. Ovarian norepinephrine (NE) dropped from 65.5 +/- 6.9 pg/mg ovary (mean +/- SE) before the PMS injection of 14.4 +/- 1.5 pg/mg ovary on the evening of day 30. This depletion proceeded in two apparent phases: an initial drop within 12 h after PMS injection, and a further reduction coincident with the gonadotropin surge. Throughout this period, ovarian NE in the controls increased 50--60%. There was a 2-fold reduction in ovarian dopamine in the PMS-primed rats, but the levels were 10-fold lower than those of NE. The data document that the hormonal profiles and the number of ovulating follicles of the prepubertal rat primed with a low dose of PMS resemble those of the normal cycling rat. A significant depletion of ovarian catecholamines was observed during the preovulatory period, which is temporally related to increases in serum gonadotropins. PMID- 7215300 TI - Glucocorticoids inhibit erythroid colony formation by murine fetal liver erythroid progenitor cells in vitro. PMID- 7215302 TI - The role of central adrenoreceptors in the control of vasopressin release and blood pressure. AB - In order to investigate the role of central noradrenergic neurons in the control of vasopressin (ADH) release and cardiovascular regulation, norepinephrine (1.4 microgram/kg), clonidine (0.1 microgram/kg), and isoproterenol (1.4 microgram/kg were infused into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the anesthetized dog. The drugs were given over a 20-min period, dissolved in 0.9% saline at a volume rate of 10 microliter/min. Both norepinephrine and clonidine markedly reduced ADH release and lowered arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Isoproterenol had no effect on ADH release and produced a slight reduction in arterial pressure and a large increase in heart rate. Pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine (100 microgram/kg, iv) completely blocked the effects of norepinephrine on blood pressure and heart rate but only partially (about 50%) inhibited the norepinephrine effect on ADH release. Intravenous isoproterenol lowered blood pressure and increased ADH release and heart rate. In none of the experiments could changes in ADH release be attributed to changes in plasma osmolality or plasma sodium and potassium concentrations. It is concluded that, in the anesthetized dog, intraventricular norepinephrine and clonidine decreased ADH release, blood pressure, and heart rate by stimulating alpha-adrenoreceptors. The increased release of ADH after peripheral administration of isoproterenol was presumably due to the reduction in blood pressure and decreased baroreceptor inhibition of ADH release. PMID- 7215303 TI - Central and peripheral action of estradiol and catecholestrogens administered at low concentration by constant infusion. PMID- 7215304 TI - A receptive period for estradiol-induced luteolysis in the rhesus monkey. AB - This study was performed to test the hypothesis that responsiveness to the luteolytic action of estradiol is acquired as the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle progresses. The luteolytic effect of fixed estradiol increment (270 +/- 12 pg/ml serum) was assessed at different stages of luteal function in rhesus monkeys. A 4-day elevation in estradiol early in the luteal phase (days 2--6 after the LH peak) caused a decrease in the concentration of serum progesterone but did not shorten luteal life span. In contrast, when provided during the midluteal phase (days 6--10), the same 4-day estradiol increment promptly induced premature luteolysis. Furthermore, during sustained exposure to the extradiol increment from days 2--10, signs of premature luteolysis were not evident until day 7 after the LH peak. Thus, the effects of estradiol early in the luteal phase do not alter luteal life span; it is the effects after day 6 that precipitate luteolysis. These observations support the existence of a receptive period for the luteolytic action of estradiol in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 7215305 TI - Steroidogenesis in experimentally induced atretic follicles of the hamster: a shift from estradiol to progesterone synthesis. AB - The effects of phenobarbital-delayed ovulation on in vitro steroidogenesis and aromatase activity of LH-stimulated preovulatory follicles was ascertained in the cyclic hamster. After 3 days of ovulatory delay, antral follicles exhibited early signs of atresia (degenerating granulosa cells and pyknotic nuclei within oocytes). On days 2 and 3 of delay, LH-stimulated follicles produced more progesterone (P 15--20 ng P/follicle . 90 min) in vitro than control proestrous follicles (2.5 ng P/follicle . 90 min). Concomitant with the increase in LH stimulated P production was a decline in the in vitro production of androstenedione (A) and estradiol (E2) on day 2 (A, 5 ng/follicle . 90 min; E2, 4 ng) and day 3 (1 ng A, less than 0.2 ng E2)-proestrous controls: 8 ng A or E2/follicle . 90 min. The steroidogenic profile of 1-day delayed follicles was similar to proestrous controls. A similar E2-P shift was observed in vitro when the steroidogenic profile of preovulatory follicles on the morning of proestrus (2.5 ng P, 8 ng A or E2) was compared with post-LH surge follicles (25 ng P, less than 1 ng A or E2) and with new corpora lutea (36 ng P, less than 0.2 ng A, less than 1 pg E2). A slight increase in the aromatizing activity of follicles was observed on days 1 and 2 of delay. However, atretic antral follicles (day 3 of delay) exhibited an aromatizing capacity similar to that of proestrous controls. Collectively, these results indicate that the loss of E2-synthesizing capacity in atretic antral follicles (induced by ovulatory delay) is due to the lack of A precursor. In addition, the results indicate that phenobarbital-delayed ovulation induces a shift from E2 to P synthesis in 3-day delayed follicles (early atretic). This E2-P shift is similar to that in Graafian follicles on the afternoon of proestrus but occurs at a much slower rate. PMID- 7215306 TI - Effect of carboxypeptidase digestion of the human choriogonadotropin molecule on its thyrotropic activity. AB - Digestion of hCG by a mixture of carboxypeptidases B and Y results in an enzyme dose- and incubation time-dependent increase in its ability to stimulate the adenylate cyclase (AC) of human thyroid membranes. Treated under the same conditions [3 h at 37 C; enzyme to hCG ratio, 0.04 (wt/wt)], partially and highly purified hCG preparations display an increase of about 300% in thyroid AC stimulating activity, while TSH displays a 30% decrease. In contrast, carboxypeptidase digestion of hCG under these conditions has no significant effect on its activity in the rat testis AC assay. The carboxypeptidase digestion results in cleavage of carboxyl-terminal amino acid residues 142--145 from the hCG beta-subunit; digestion of the hCG alpha-subunit is much less effective, as the carboxy-terminal amino acid residue 92 is removed from only about 13% of the hCG molecules. In accord with the results of amino acid analysis, a slight, if any, decrease in apparent molecular weight is found by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition, carboxypeptidase digestion results in antigenic alterations of the molecule, as shown by a flatter slope of the dose-response curve in a hCG RIA and a 70% decrease in potency in a RIA that uses an antiserum to the hCG beta carboxy-terminal peptide. These data demonstrate that partial digestion of the hCG molecule with carboxypeptidase results in an increase in human thyroid AC-stimulating activity, with retention of the rat testis AC-stimulating activity. PMID- 7215307 TI - Action of pancreatic polypeptide on exocrine pancreas and on release of cholecystokinin and secretin. AB - We have studied the effect of exogenous porcine pancreatic polypeptide (PP; 0.8 and 2.1 microgram/kg . h, iv) on endogenously stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion in five pancreatic-fistula dogs. Plasma levels of cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin, and PP were measured in addition to pancreatic secretion of water, bicarbonate, and protein. Intraduodenal infusions of acid and a mixture of phenylalanine and tryptophan were used to stimulate hormone release. PP caused a dose-dependent inhibition of endogenously stimulated pancreatic secretion, whereas the release of CCK and secretin was not affected. Duodenal acidification and intraduodenal infusion of phenylalanine and tryptophan caused a significant release of PP. This study shows that: 1) PP suppresses pancreatic secretion by means of a mechanism that is probably direct; this effect is not mediated through inhibition of release of CCK or secretin, and 2) phenylalanine and tryptophan, both strong stimulants of CCK release, cause a substantial rise in PP in peripheral blood. The mechanism of PP release may involve CCK (in previous studies, we have shown a rise in circulating PP levels after iv CCK infusion). PMID- 7215309 TI - Estrogen action in the mouse uterus: differential nuclear localization of estradiol in uterine cell types. AB - Autoradiographic studies of labeled steroid uptake in mouse uterine tissue indicated that labeled estradiol was predominantly sequestered in the nuclei of stromal and glandular epithelial cells at 1 h. Luminal epithelial cells did not show appreciable nuclear accumulation of labeled estradiol until 7-8 h after hormone injection. Studies using non-target tissues and unlabeled steroids indicated that the nuclear uptake events were tissue and estrogen steroid specific. The temporal pattern of steroid hormone uptake in the uterus would suggest that an initial interaction in stromal and glandular epithelial cells may be required prior to nuclear stimulation in the luminal epithelial target cell. PMID- 7215308 TI - Changes in specific dexamethasone binding during aging in WI-38 cells. AB - Normal human diploid cell line WI-38, which shows enhanced proliferation in the presence of glucocorticoids, was found to contain high affinity binding sites for dexamethasone (DEX) and hydrocortisone. Hormone binding studies carried out in intact cell monolayers showed rapid uptake and binding of the [3H]DEX, which was independent of cell density at 37 C. The number of binding sites per cell decreased with increased age in vitro. Competition studies with several unlabeled steroids demonstrated high molecular specificity and a strong correlation between the ability of a steroid to compete for specific DEX binding sites and its ability to stimulate cell proliferation. Our observation that the number of specific glucocorticoid binding sites per cell decreased 40% without any significant change in affinity is similar to observations made in target tissues in aged animals. This finding may explain the previously reported decrease in responsiveness to these glucocorticoids in aging WI-38 cells. PMID- 7215311 TI - Clinical and laboratory effects of circulating triiodothyronine antibodies in immunized animals. PMID- 7215310 TI - Effect of a potent GnRH antagonist and testosterone propionate on mating behavior and fertility in the male rat. AB - Daily treatment with 1 mg of the GnRH antagonist [Ac-delta 3-Pro1,pC1-D-Phe2,D Trp3,6,N alpha MeLeu7]-GnRH abolished mating behavior and disrupted spermatogenesis in male rats within 2 weeks. This was accompanied by a sharp decrease in plasma testosterone (T) levels as well as sexual organ weights while body weight remained normal. Following cessation of treatment, T levels returned to control values within 5 days, while sexual organ weights were still slightly depressed after 6 weeks. In rats having been treated for either 2 weeks or 4 months, mating behavior and fertility were restored between the 4th and 8th week after the last injection. Antagonist-treated animals who concomitantly received high doses of exogenous testosterone were sexually active as well as fertile, while lower doses of testosterone maintained sexual activity but not fertility. These data indicate that GnRH antagonists may be used to control male fertility. PMID- 7215312 TI - [Cytological and biochemical evaluation of the contents of thyroid gland cysts]. PMID- 7215313 TI - Studies on the application of the hormone-receptor reaction for determination of HCG or LH in human serum and urine. PMID- 7215315 TI - [Hearing in children with Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 7215314 TI - Comparison of luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotrophin determinations by biological, radioreceptor and radioimmunoassay methods. PMID- 7215317 TI - The course and outcome of pregnancy after ovulation induction with short-term bromocriptine therapy. PMID- 7215319 TI - Aluminum poisoning and chick embryogenesis. PMID- 7215318 TI - [Attempt at diagnosis of pituitary microadenomas as a cause of spontaneous hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 7215316 TI - [Case of giant hour-glass thyroid cyst with neoplastic structure]. PMID- 7215320 TI - Environmental exposure to cadmium and renal function of aged women in three areas of Belgium. PMID- 7215321 TI - Absorption and disposition of 203Hg in the pregnant and nonpregnant hamster following oral administration of [203Hg]methylmercuric chloride. PMID- 7215323 TI - The effect of filters on the incidence of lung cancer in cigarette smokers. PMID- 7215322 TI - The embryotoxic response produced by inorganic mercury in different strains of hamsters. PMID- 7215324 TI - Cytological shift in lymphocytes induced by cadmium in mice and rats. PMID- 7215325 TI - Effect of cadmium on hepatic metallothionein level in early development of the rat. PMID- 7215326 TI - Responses of serum transaminases in Notopterus notopterus chronically exposed to phenolic compounds and their combinations. PMID- 7215327 TI - Retention of microspheres in the rat lung after intratracheal instillation. PMID- 7215328 TI - Pathologic changes associated with experimental exposure of rats to coal dust. PMID- 7215329 TI - Effect of manganese on certain enzymes and constituents of blood and serum in rabbits. I. PMID- 7215330 TI - Effect of manganese on certain enzymes and constituents of blood and serum in rabbits. II. PMID- 7215331 TI - Influence of cadmium, lead, and zinc on the ability of sensitized guinea pig lymphocytes to interact with specific antigen and to produce lymphokine. PMID- 7215333 TI - Regulation of pathways of ornithine metabolism. Effects of thyroid hormone and diabetes on the activity of enzymes at the "ornithine crossroads' in rat liver. AB - There is a significant increase in four of the urea cycle enzymes in liver from hypothyroid rats, arginase alone showed an opposite trend; these changes are reversed by physiological doses of thyroxine; hyperthyroidism results in a significant decrease in ornithine transcarbamoylase activity. The pattern of change in thyroidectomized and alloxan-diabetic rats showed marked similarities in respect to urea cycle and ornithine-metabolizing enzymes which are discussed in the light of the common feature of hypoinsulinism of diabetes and depressed response to insulin in hypothyroidism. The profile of ornithine-metabolizing enzymes is consonant with the decreased protein synthesis and turnover in hypothyroidism. PMID- 7215332 TI - A possible explanation of myxedema and hypercholesterolemia in hypothyroidism: control of lysosomal hyaluronidase and cholesterol esterase by thyroid hormones. AB - Thyroid hormones control the levels of the lysosomal enzymes, cholesterol esterase and hyaluronidase, in rat liver, skeletal muscle and skin. Activities of these enzymes decreased to approximately 40-50% of normal levels in liver cell fractions, skeletal muscle homogenates and skin homogenates from thyroidectomized rats. Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with L-triiodothyronine increased the activities of cholesterol esterase and hyaluronidase approximately 2-fold in liver cell fractions. The low levels of hyaluronidase and cholesterol esterase in thyroidectomized rats may account for the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in skin and for the elevation of serum cholesterol levels in hypothyroid patients. PMID- 7215334 TI - Identification in Xenopus laevis of a class of oocyte-specific proteins bound to messenger RNA. AB - Proteins associated with poly(A)-rich RNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes have been identified in immature ovary homogenates using sucrose gradient centrifugation, oligo(dT)-cellulose fractionation and analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional acid/urea/sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis. At least eight proteins are associated with ribonucleoprotein complexes and have the following properties. 1. Four major proteins, mRNP1-4, cosediment with poly(A)-rich RNA at 40--200 S, bind to oligo(dT)-cellulose and are oocyte-specific. These are very basic proteins with molecular weights of about 50 X 10(3), 52 X 10(3), 56 X 10(3), 59 X 10(3). 2. Two further proteins, mRNP5,6, molecular weights 75 X 10(3) and about 100 X 10(3), also co-isolate with poly(A)-rich RNA mRNP7 (Mr 16 X 10(3)) cosediments with poly(A)-rich RNA but fails to bind to oligo(dT)-cellulose. mRNP8 (Mr 22 X 10(3)) binds to oligo(dT)-cellulose but sediments more slowly than the bulk of poly(A) rich ribunucleoprotein, at 30--70 S. 3. mRNP1-4 are present in immature oocytes but only mRNP3-4 are found in full-grown oocytes, while none of them could be detected in Xenopus liver or reticulocytes. These proteins are largely cytoplasmic, associated with free mRNP particles, and differ in molecular weight from proteins isolated from polysomal mRNPs in somatic tissues. 4. mRNP1-4 are very abundant in immature oocytes; sedimentation properties are consistent with a protein:RNA ratio of 4:1 (w/w). The sedimentation constant of mRNP particles is resistant to concentrations of ribonuclease A which degrade ribosomes, although mRNA isolated from these ribonuclease-treated particles appears to be partially degraded. The role of ribonucleoprotein complexes in the stability and storage of mRNA during oogenesis is discussed. PMID- 7215335 TI - 5-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase: alkylation of an essential thiol in the bovine liver enzyme by active-site-directed reagents. AB - 1. 5-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase from bovine liver has been shown to be inactivated by 5-halolevulinic acids and 3-halolevulinic acids. 2. The substrate, 5-aminolevulinic acid, protects the enzyme from modification by 5-halolevulinic acids. 3. Using tritiated chlorolevulinic acids, it was shown that four of the subunits in the octameric enzyme are preferentially modified. 4. The susceptible enzyme group modified is an --SH group of a reactive cysteine at or near the active site. 5. Oxidized enzyme is not affected by either 5-chlorolevulinic acid or 3-chlorolevulinic acid. 6. Evidence is presented which suggests that 5 chlorolevulinic acid is acting as an active-site-directed reagent. PMID- 7215336 TI - Neocarratetraose 4-O-monosulphate beta-hydrolase from Pseudomonas carrageenovora. PMID- 7215337 TI - The physicochemical properties of the galactose-specific lectin from Momordica charantia. AB - A lectin has been isolated from Momordica charantia seeds and purified to homogeneity by affinity adsorption on a cross-linked arabinogalactan column and subsequent elution with 0.1 M lactose. In sedimentation velocity experiments an S20,W(O) degrees value of 6.5 S was obtained for the native lectin and 2.7 S for its subunits obtained by dissociation with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate in the presence of 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol. This lectin has a molecular weight of 120 000, is tetrameric in nature with two pairs of non-identical subunits of molecular weights 28 000 and 30 000. It is a glycoprotein containing 10% hexoses (2% glucose and 8% mannose) and 2.5% hexosamine, all glucosamine. It has two binding sites per molecule and has Ka values of 4.1 X 10(4) M-1 and 1.8 X 10(4) M 1 at 5 degrees C and 25 degrees C respectively for p-nitrophenyl beta-D galactopyranoside with delta H degrees and delta S degrees values of --28.3 kJ mol-1 and --12.3J mol-1 K-1 respectively. Hemagglutinating activity of M. charantia lectin is inhibited by galactose and other carbohydrates containing the galactopyranosyl residue. From the chemical modification studies tryptophan and tyrosine residues are found to be important for the carbohydrate binding activity of M. charantia lectin. PMID- 7215338 TI - Binding of 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactopyranoside to Momordica charantia lectin: fluorescence-quenching studies. AB - The binding of 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (MeUmb-Galp), to Mormordica charantia lectin was studied by equilibrium dialysis and quenching of ligand fluorescence. The fluorescence of MeUmb-Galp decreases as a function of solvent polarity. On binding to M. charantia lectin, its fluorescence was nearly 100% quenched, showing that the binding of the glycoside takes place in hydrophobic environment. The binding of the fluorescent sugar was saccharide specific as evidenced by reversal of MeUmb-Galp fluorescence quenching by lactose. The association constant is independent of the experimental method used and at 25 degrees C the value is (1.96 +/- 0.05) X 10(4) M-1. The number of binding sites as determined by equilibrium dialysis and fluorescence quenching agree very well with each other; n being equal to 1.98 +/- 0.02. The Ka value for the glycoside was also determined by competition studies employing reversal of fluorescence quenching of MeUmb-Galp by lactose. The value of ka obtained for lactose is 1.21 X 10(4) M-1 at 30 degrees C. The internal consistency of the association constant and number of binding site values at low and high saturation indicates the absence of additional subsite on M. charantia lectin. The thermodynamic parameters do not differ greatly with change in temperature; the values of - delta H degrees and - delta S degrees are equal to 30 +/- 9.63 kJ mol 1 and 21 +/- 0.3 J mol-1 K-1 respectively in the range of 15--35 degrees C indicting that the binding of M. charantia lectin to saccharide is exothermic in nature. PMID- 7215339 TI - The activation of ox-brain NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase by magnesium ions. AB - Two independent methods were used to assess the dependence of the activity of ox brain NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase on the concentration of magnesium ions. The results indicated the complex between magnesium and isocitrate to be the true substrate for the enzyme. Free isocitrate is neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of the enzyme but free magnesium ions inhibit competitively with respect to the magnesium-isocitrate complex. The inhibition of the enzyme by ATP and citrate appears to be largely explicable in terms of their effects on the concentration of the complex between Mg2+ and isocitrate. The dependence of the activation of the enzyme by ADP on the concentration of magnesium ions suggests that free ADP, rather than its complex with Mg2+, is the activator. PMID- 7215340 TI - Ca2+-binding studies of the phosphoprotein from rat-incisor dentine. AB - Rat incisor dentine was demineralized and extracted with 0.25 M EDTA containing protease inhibitors. The extract was purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and sulfonated polystyrene. The Ca2+-finding properties of the phosphoprotein were studied by dynamic dialysis and by using a Ca2+-selective electrode. Two different binding sites were detected with Kd = 0.9 X 10(-7) M and 1.1 X 10(-5) M and displaying a Ca2+-binding capacity of 127 and 176 mol bound Ca2+/mol protein, respectively, assuming a molecular weight of 30 000. Upon enzymatic dephosphorylation of the phosphoprotein, the highest affinity sites disappeared and those with the lowest affinity were reduced. The optimum for Ca2+ binding by the phosphoprotein occurred at pH 8.2. The specificity of the Ca2+ ion interaction with the phosphoprotein was investigated by studying the competitive nature of other divalent and monovalent cations. It was found that Ca2+ ions were to a large extent displaced from the phosphoprotein by other cations in physiological concentrations. PMID- 7215343 TI - Regulation of the synthesis of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and its subunits in the flagellate Chlorogonium elongatum. I. The effect of light and acetate on the synthesis and the degradation of the enzyme. AB - Shifting of heterotrophically cultured cells of Chlorogonium elongatum to autotrophic culture conditions results in a more than tenfold increase in the level of the chloroplastic enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. This increase in enzyme amount is caused by an increased synthesis of the enzyme de novo under both growth conditions. The synthesis of the enzyme is mainly under the control of two factors. Light promotes the synthesis, while acetate, the carbon source of this organisms, has a strong inhibitory effect on this process. Since a mutant lacking chlorophyll shows a normal response to the change of culture conditions the chlorophylls can be ruled out as photoreceptors. PMID- 7215341 TI - Lipoprotein lipase: modification of its kinetic properties by mild tryptic digestion. AB - Mild tryptic digestion of lipoprotein lipase cleaved its polypeptide chain in the middle, but the pieces were held together by disulphide bonds. The modified enzyme retained its ability to bind to heparin and to anionic detergents and on gel filtration it eluted in a similar position as the native enzyme does. It also retained essentially full activity against soluble substrates. Thus, the overall physico-chemical properties of the enzyme were not markedly changed and its active site remained intact after treatment with trypsin. The activity of the modified enzyme against long-chain acylglycerols and phospholipids was, however, much reduced. With some emulsions, the decreased activity could be ascribed in part to a decreased ability of the modified enzyme to bind to the emulsion droplets. Under these conditions apolipoprotein CII partially restored both binding and activity. With a lysophosphatidylcholine-triacylglycerol emulsion the modified enzyme adsorbed almost completely to the emulsion droplets, but its activity was nonetheless very low. Thus, tryptic cleavage interfered with the ability of the enzyme to become properly orientated at the interface. With this emulsion apolipoprotein CII enhanced the activity of the native enzyme fourfold but the activity of the trypsin-treated enzyme 30-fold, so that the activity of the modified enzyme became almost as high as that of the native enzyme. It is concluded that apolipoprotein CII enhances the activity of lipoprotein lipase by stabilizing an effective orientation/conformation of the enzyme at the interface. This effect became more marked when the ability of the enzyme itself to attain this form had been reduced by tryptic cleavage. PMID- 7215342 TI - Turnover of the major polypeptides of 40-S monomer particles. AB - The pulse-chase experiments with Friend erythroleukemia cells designed to reveal the metabolic properties of the protein complex of 40-S particles showed that the major polypeptides of this complex turn over with half-lives between 19 h and 206 h. the main conclusion from the experiments is that the complex does not degrade as a single unit. Since the individual polypeptides forming the complex live much longer than hnRNA, and in addition degrade at a different rate, we considered the following two modes of degradation as most likely. (1) The complex might not be subjected to a profound degradation at the end of the processing of associated pre-mRNA. In this case it should exist as a long-lived recyclable mosaic of metabolically differing polypeptides whose replacement takes place at a specific rate. (2) Alternatively, the protein complex might be completely degraded at the end of processing, but in a way that liberates free individual polypeptides available for recycling. The further experiments indicate that the 37 000-Mr, 34 000-Mr and 32 000-Mr core proteins in isolated 40-S particles and in particles associated with a nuclear fraction released from chromatin after micrococcal nuclease digestion degrade at different rates. These experiments suggest the existence of at least a metabolic heterogeneity among the population of nuclear particles carrying pre-mRNA. PMID- 7215344 TI - Variable Ca2+ transport:phosphoprotein ratios in the early part of the GTP-driven calcium-transport reaction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Initial Ca2+ transport and phosphoprotein formation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane with GTP were investigated in a comparative study. While saturation of the high-affinity sites for Ca2+ binding and transporting as well as for GTP binding on the external surface of the membrane resulted in Ca2+ transport and phosphoprotein formation in a molar ratio of 2, the variation of the concentrations of the two reactants yielded ratios between 1.7 and 5.7. The ratios varied with a similar dependence on the concentrations of Ca2+ and GTP, except at 500 microM Ca2+, if the reaction was started by Ca2+ instead of GTP but the overall rates decreased. 1 mM DL-propranolol in the preincubation medium selectively inhibited Ca2+ transport but had no effect on initial phosphoprotein formation. These observations indicate that:L (a) phosphorylation of one enzyme molecule induces Ca2+ transport by a variable but limited number of neighbouring molecules, (b) not all Ca2+ bound is essential for phosphorylation but can be transported in parallel, (c) Ca2+ bound to low-affinity sites occupied at 500 microM Ca2+ in the reaction medium is also transported initially, (d) the accessibility of the high-affinity Ca2+ binding sites for DL-propranolol differs, (e) DL-propranolol interacts with Ca2+ binding and transporting sites only in that conformation of the enzyme that can be phosphorylated by the nucleotide. PMID- 7215345 TI - Nomenclature Committee of IUB (NC-IUB) and IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN). Newsletter 1981. PMID- 7215346 TI - 360-MHz nuclear magnetic resonance and laser photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization studies of bile salt interaction with porcine colipase A. PMID- 7215347 TI - Steady-state kinetic studies on benzylamine oxidase from pig plasma. AB - Steady-state kinetic studies on the enzyme benzylamine oxidase from pig plasma are described. Eadie-Hofstee plots with benzylamine as the varying substrate are non-linear; examination of this data indicates that the observed effects are probably due to the amine substrate participating in at least two reactions with enzyme. Ammonia and imidazole modify the activity of the enzyme; under specified conditions of pH or modifier concentration, the effect on the activity can be either activation or inhibition. Eadie-Hofstee plots of the data establish that the modifier also participates in at least three reactions with the enzyme. Eadie Hofstee plots at pH 9 with oxygen as the varying substrate are linear, which allows kinetic parameters to be determined. From studies on the effect of ammonia and imidazole on these parameters, information has been derived on how these modifiers affect component steps of the catalytic cycle. PMID- 7215348 TI - Isolation and characterization of binder IIIA, a new protein which binds corticosteroid anions. AB - A new protein binding corticosteroid metabolites has been purified over 300-fold from liver cytosols of adrenalectomized rats, treated for 45 min in vivo with [1,2-3H]cortisol. Purification was accomplished by column chromatography on Sephadex G-25, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, Sephadex G-75, and hydroxylapatite. The protein has a Stokes radius of 2.27 nm by gel filtration and an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 3.0 S by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The calculated molecular weight is 30,700. The bound steroid was extracted and has been shown by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography to be a monosulfate derivative of cortisol. Using liver cytosol from adrenalectomized rats pretreated in vivo for 45 min with [1,2-3H]cortisol plus 1000-fold excess competing steroid, cortisol derivatives and progesterone were shown to be the most active competitors. Testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol were least active as competitors. The synthetic steroids, dexamethasone and triamcinolone, produced little or no competition. The protein has been named corticosteroid-anion binder IIIA in keeping with its elution position from a DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column, compared to other binding proteins. Binder IIIA has been separated chromatographically from the glutathione S-transferases (including ligandin) and protein z described by Arias [Levi, A.J., Gatmaitan, Z. and Arias, I.M. (1969) J. Clin. Invest. 48, 21856-21866], both of which have been shown to bind anionic metabolites. It has been resolved from the activities of transcortin, cortisone 5 beta-reductase, and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. PMID- 7215349 TI - 2-n-nonyl-4-hydroxy[3-3H]quinoline N-oxide: interaction with the mitochondrial membrane. AB - 1. Synthesized 2-n-nonyl-4-hydroxy[3-3H]quinoline N-oxide ([3H]NoHOQnO) is a powerful inhibitor of both NADH oxidase and succinate oxidase activities in submitochondrial particles from beef heart. 2. The binding of [3H]NoHOQnO to submitochondrial particles reveals one specific binding site, which is sensitive to antimycin, and a large amount of aspecific binding. 3. The content of [3H]NoHOQnO-specific binding sites is related to the cytochrome b content in the particles. 4. The binding of [3H]NoHOQnO to the specific site causes the inhibition of electron transfer. 5. The relation between the inhibition of NADH oxidation and [3H]NoHOQnO-specific binding is hyperbolic. PMID- 7215350 TI - Effects of cations on brown adipose tissue in relation to possible metabolic consequences of membrane depolarisation. PMID- 7215351 TI - Heterogeneity of the glycans O-glycosidically linked to the hinge region of secretory immunoglobulins from human milk. AB - Pure secretory immunoglobulin A was isolated from human milk by fractionation in gradients of pH and (NH4)2SO4 concentration followed by gel filtration. The hinge region containing all the O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides was isolated en bloc after trypsin and pepsin hydrolysis and separated by gel filtration. The mixture of O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides contained N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), fucose (Fuc), galactose (Gal), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) in the molar ratio of 0.2:0.5:2.5:2:1 respectively. After beta-elimination several oligosaccharides were separated by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. The complete structure of four of these oligosaccharides was determined by methanolysis, methylation and mass spectrometry. The structure of the four oligosaccharides which are linked to serine or threonine residues of the hinge region are as follows: beta-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-GalNAc-ol; alpha-HeuAc-(2 leads to 3)-beta-Gal (1 leads to 3)-GalNAc-ol; beta-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-[beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 6)] GalNAc-ol; beta-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-[beta-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-beta-GlcNac-(1 leads to 6)]-Gal-NAc-ol. These oligosaccharides are more complex and heterogenous than the oligosaccharides linked to serine residues of the hinge region from myeloma serum immunoglobulin A1. PMID- 7215352 TI - ADP-ribosylated histone H1. Isolation from Ehrlich-ascites-tumor-cell nuclei and partial characterization. PMID- 7215353 TI - Correlated effluxes of adenine nucleotides, Mg2+ and Ca2+ induced in rat-liver mitochondria by external Ca2+ and phosphate. AB - The presence of inorganic phosphate and Ca2+ in the external medium induces a closely parallel efflux of both endogenous adenine nucleotides and Mg2+ from rat liver mitochondria. These effluxes are (a) pH-dependent and inhibited by uncouplers, respiration inhibitors and external Mg2+; (b) completely prevented by bongkrekate, but stimulated by atractylate. ATP, ADP or AMP each inhibit the release of Mg2+ promoted by Ca2+ and phosphate; however, in the presence of oligomycin and P1,P5-di(adenosine-5')-pentaphosphate (an inhibitor of adenylate kinase) only ADP is effective. Also the release of accumulated Ca2+ observed when approximately 50% Mg2+ is discharged is retarded by bongkrekate and added Mg2+ whereas it is accelerated by atractylate. All adenine nucleotides have a significant effect in retarding the efflux of accumulated Ca2+ but, in the presence of oligomycin and P1,P5-di(adenosine-5')-pentaphosphate, only ADP is active. From these results we conclude that effluxes of Mg2+, Ca2+ and adenine nucleotide from rat liver mitochondria induced by external phosphate are interconnected and regulated by external ADP and Mg2+ levels. PMID- 7215354 TI - Mannosidosis: isolation and comparison of mannose-containing oligosaccharides from gingiva and urine. AB - Excessive gingival hyperplasia with storage of mannose-rich oligosaccharides appears to be a unique feature present in a 31-year-old mannosidosis patient. Fractionation and analysis of the gingiva established the presence of (Man)2GlcNAc (2.2 mumol/g), (Man)3GlcNAc (3.5 mumol/g), (Man)4GlcNAc (2.8 mumol/g) and higher oligomers (Man)5GlcNAc--(Man)8GlcNAc (0.5 mumol/g); (Man, mannose; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine). Eight characteristic oligosaccharides were isolated from the patient's urine by thin-layer chromatography. The most abundant was (Man)2GlcNAc (161--558 mumol/l); decreasing amounts of higher homologues up to a dekasaccharide, (Man)9GlcNAc (1--4 mumol/l) were also present. In contrast to urine, in which the trisaccharide was predominant, tetrasaccharides and pentasaccharides were more abundant in gingiva. PMID- 7215356 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of the ATP-dependent DNAase from Alcaligenes faecalis. AB - An ATP-dependent DNAase has been purified to homogeneity from extracts of Alcaligenes faecalis, and has been shown to couple the degradation of DNA to the hydrolysis of ATP. Enzyme activity also requires divalent ions, with Mn2+, Mg2+ and Co2+ being effective cofactors for both DNAase and ATPase activities. We have studied the intermediates formed by the enzyme during the degradation of duplex DNA with each of these cofactors using sedimentation velocity, binding to nitrocellulose filters and sensitivity to a nuclease specific for single-stranded DNA. With Mn2+ or Co2+, the enzyme acts processively to produce mostly acid soluble material and acid-insoluble single-strand fragments up to 400-nucleotides long. However, with Mg2+ present, the enzyme produces intermediates comprising a duplex region with one or more single-strand tails, while little acid-soluble oligonucleotide is formed. From these results, we propose a model to describe the mechanism by which the ATP-dependent DNAase from A. faecalis degrades duplex DNA. PMID- 7215355 TI - 5-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. The role of sulphydryl groups in 5 aminolevulinic acid dehydratase from bovine liver. AB - The thiophilic reagent 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) Nbs2) reacts with four sulphydryl groups in native 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase from bovine liver (groups I, II, III and IV). All four of these groups exhibit various degrees of half-site reactivity. Groups I and II are highly reactive and their rates of reaction with Nbs2 have been investigated using stopped-flow analysis. The reaction of these groups with Nbs2 results in the formation of an intramolecular disulphide bond which may be reduced with dithioerythritol to regenerate the free sulphydryl groups. Groups I and II appear to be at, or near, the catalytic site whereas group III is involved in the maintenance of conformation in the native enzyme. PMID- 7215357 TI - A mechanism of L-canaline toxicity. AB - L-Canaline, a highly toxic structural analogue of L-ornithine, reacted with pyridoxal phosphate to form a stable, ninhydrin-positive complex. NMR analysis revealed the involvement of a Schiff's base in complex formation. Interaction of L-canaline with L-tyrosine decarboxylase, a known B6-containing enzyme, curtailed significantly enzyme-mediated decarboxylation. Spectral scans provided evidence that the loss in catalytic activity is associated with the reaction of canaline with the pyridoxal phosphate moiety of the enzyme. Thus, the marked antimetabolic properties of canaline are due in part of its ability to form a Schiff's-base containing complex with the B6 moiety of the enzyme. PMID- 7215358 TI - Cell-free synthesis and glycosylation of the major human-red-cell sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A. AB - The human erythroid cell line, K562, synthesizes the major red cell sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A. We have isolated an mRNA fraction which codes for glycophorin A from K562 cells and studied the synthesis of the sialoglycoprotein in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. In the absence of membranes a precursor form of glycophorin A was synthesized. This was identified using specific anti-(glycophorin A) serum. The apparent molecular weight of the carbohydrate-free precursor of glycophorin A was 19 500. This exceeds the molecular weight of the glycophorin A apoprotein by approximately 5000. In the presence of membranes from dog pancreas, the synthesized glycophorin A precursor was N-glycosylated and probably also O-glycosylated. The oligosaccharide chains remained incomplete and the glycoprotein synthesized in vitro corresponded to the glycosylated precursor of glycophorin A obtained in intact cells. PMID- 7215359 TI - Reflections on the etiology of hot spots on liver scans. AB - Liver scintigraphy demonstrated areas of increased radiocolloid uptake in three cases with obstruction of the superior vena cava and extensive collateral circulation through the veins of the thoracic wall. The pattern of the hyperactive zones is indicative of predominant vascularization of the liver via the umbilical vein, with high colloid particle deposition in the quadrate lobe and adjacent part of the right lobe. These liver regions vascularized by the first intrahepatic branches of the umbilical vein as demonstrated by postmortem angiography, probably extract a great portion of the tracer dose, resulting in localized hyperactivity. An identical liver scan image was, however, found in a fourth case without evident superior vena cava syndrome. In this patient, presenting with a bronchus carcinoma with paratracheal metastatic lymph nodes, there is no explanation metastatic lymph nodes, there is no explanation (collateral circulation without vena cava obstruction?) for the abnormal tracer distribution within the liver. PMID- 7215360 TI - I-123 labeled hexadecenoic acid in comparison with Thallium-201 for myocardial imaging in coronary heart disease. A preliminary study. AB - The imaging properties of 123I-16-iodo-9-hexadecenoic acid (123I-HA), a terminally iodinated 17-carbon atom fatty acid analogue, were compared with Thallium-201 (201Tl). Because of its shorter half-life, favourable photon-energy and rapid myocardial turnover rate, 123I-HA possesses potential advantages in the study of regional myocardial perfusion and metabolism. Twelve patients with documented coronary artery disease (CAD) were studied; eight patients sustained an acute myocardial infarction, four patients suffered from unstable angina. Visually assessed, a similar distribution pattern and comparable imaging quality was demonstrated with both radionuclides. The scintigraphic results were also correlated with coronary arteriographic findings. A good relationship was found between the perfusion defects and the location of the coronary artery lesions in the patients with acute myocardial infarction. We conclude that 123I-HA is comparable to 201Tl in detecting areas of reduced myocardial perfusion in patients with CAD with the advantage of studying myocardial metabolism. PMID- 7215361 TI - The radionuclide cardiac ventriculogram. Evaluation of results in twelve hundred consecutive patients. AB - Coronary artery disease represents one of the most prevalent and serious diseases in the western world. In consequence, there is considerable need for a reliable method for its diagnosis. Until now the best available laboratory methods were the EKG treadmill test and arteriography. The former suffers from the disadvantages of suboptimal sensitivity and specificity, while the latter is both expensive and invasive. The recent introduction of the nuclear cardiac ventriculogram offers new hope for the non-invasive diagnosis of this condition. Based on an experience of more than two thousand patient studies, we consider that this procedure represents a significant advance in the ability to distinguish between the normal and abnormal left ventricle. PMID- 7215363 TI - A comparison of bone scanning and radiology in the assessment of patients with symptomatic Paget's disease. AB - Bone scans and X-rays from 23 subjects with symptomatic Paget's disease were evaluated. One-hundred and twenty-seven sites of Pagetoid involvement were found, of which 120 (94.5%) were recognised on the bone scan as compared to 94 (74%) on X-ray. The anatomical distribution and relationship of lesions on scan and X-ray to the patient's symptoms are also discussed. It is concluded that the bone scan is more sensitive than radiology in detecting Paget's disease and only rarely will a lesion that is seen on X-ray not be visualised by scanning. PMID- 7215362 TI - The mechanism of 67Ga uptake in animal and human tumours. AB - The subcellular distribution of 67Ga has been studied by differential centrifugation in 3 transplantable mouse tumours, 3 transplantable rat tumours, 1 dog tumour, 3 human tumour xenografts and 2 human tumours in situ at various times after injection of the citrate complex. From 24 h post injection of nuclide was located predominantly in lysosomal structures in all the tumours studied. Studies in two murine tumours showed marked differences in the rate of lysosomal accumulation of 67Ga. In the ADJ/PC6 plasmacytoma lysosomal uptake of 67Ga had reached a plateau within 15 min while in the S180 tumour lysosomal accumulation of the nuclide occurred over the first 24 h. Normal mouse liver showed a similar pattern to this latter tumour. It is postulated that these variations in the rate of lysosomal accumulation of 67Ga reflect differences in the permeability of the lysosomal membrane. While large amounts of 67Ga were found in the crude nuclear fraction of some tumours this was attributed to unbroken cells as studies with purified nuclei from 7 different tumours indicated that between 2 and 14% of the total tumour 67Ga was associated with the nuclei. PMID- 7215365 TI - Fission MO-99/Tc-99m Generators -- a study of their performance and quality. AB - Five 99mTc-generators, based on fission Mo-99, from five different manufacturers were studied in April and May of 1977 -- with regard to their performance and to the quality of the eluates. The study covers types of generators not already dealt with in a previous publication [5]. One generator was overloaded with Mo 99; one generator had Tc-99m yields below 70%. One generator yielded eluates containing appreciable gamma-emitting impurities other than Mo-99. Two generators yielded eluates containing trace amounts of Al+++. The content of alpha- and pure beta-emitting nuclidic impurities (other than Tc-99) were in all cases below the limits set in the DLS 79 [2] monograph on Tc-99m pertechnetate obtained from fission Mo-99. PMID- 7215364 TI - Colloid clearance rate changes in children with homozygous-beta-thalassemia in relation to blood transfusion. AB - The plasma clearance rate of heat denatured human serum albumin (DHAI-125, 5 mg/kg body weight) was studied in 20 children with homozygous-beta-thalassemia before and 7--10 days after blood transfusion. A significant increase of the DHAI 125 clearance rate (P less than 0.02) was found 7--10 days after blood transfusion while the spleen presented its minimum size. This finding may be relevant to the improved intrasplenic blood circulation after blood transfusion due to the release of the blood trapped within the spleen. PMID- 7215366 TI - Validity of different gated equilibrium blood pool methods for determination of left ventricular ejection fraction. AB - Left ventricular ejection fractions (EF) were determined in 37 patients by biplane cineventriculography (Angio) and by four modifications of the gated equilibrium blood pool (GBP) method: 1. Region of interest (ROI) in enddiastole (ED), correction by external background, 2. ROI in ED, correction by internal background between ED and endsystole (ES), 3. ROI in ED (maximum) and ES (mimimum); no background correction, 4. ROI in ES, correction by background between ED and ES. EFGBP were determined after injection of 20 mCi 99mTc human albumin (Anger-camera, all-purpose collimator, 16 ECG-segments, 64 x 64 matrix with 1.5 zoom). EF by biplane angiography (EFangio) was calculated by the formula of Dodge. The following correlation between angiographically and scintigraphically determined EF's were found: EFGBP1 = 0.504 EFangio + 8.08, EFGBP2 = 0.847 EFangio + 10.0, EFGBP3 = 0.911 EFangio + 3.75, EFGBP4 = 0.648 EFangio - 3.51 Intraobserver variability of GBP method 2 and 3 was +/- 5%. EFS determined by GBP methods 2 and 3 are as accurate as the EFs determined by cineventriculography. PMID- 7215367 TI - Use of finite-memory Wiener filters in scintigram processing. AB - Scintigraphic images are subject to two forms of imperfection: blurring due to the components of the detector (collimator, photomultiplier, analog processing devices) and noise resulting from radioactive disintegration. We use Wiener filters operating within a limited area of the spatial domain in processing these images. After defining statistical models of ideal image and degrading processes, we study the effects of parameters on filter features. Finally, we present examples demonstrating filter performance. PMID- 7215368 TI - Lateral ventricle visualization during brain scanning with Tc-DTPA. AB - The visualization of the cerebral ventricles during a brain scan is a relatively rare possibility. The authors had the opportunity of observing four cases. They report them and discuss the 19 cases reported in world literature. There were, in order of importance, 12 cases of ventriculitis, 3 of non tumorous intraventricular erruptions, 2 of tumours infiltration, 1 metabolic encephalopathy and one unexplained case. It is concluded that the visualization of the ventricule during a brain scan (particularly the early visualization) is a good etiological indicator of ventriculitis. PMID- 7215370 TI - A case of thymoma arising from undescended thymus. High uptake of Thallium-201 Chloride. AB - We present an unusual case of a cervical thymoma arising from an undescended thymus, which showed a remarkable accumulation of Thallium-201 Chloride on scintigraphy. PMID- 7215369 TI - Sacro-iliac joint disease in drug abusers: the role of bone scintigraphy. AB - Bone scintigrams demonstrated increased uptake in the sacroiliac joint in twenty drug addicts with low back pain and signs of localized sepsis. The localization of the disease was decisive for the orthopedist in the aspiration of the affected joint. PMID- 7215371 TI - Dependence of an individual renogram on the other kidney through the blood activity, shown by convolution. PMID- 7215374 TI - An improved off-line program for Intertechnique system users. PMID- 7215373 TI - Evaluation of image processing and presentation methods in thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. AB - Using a phantom to simulate the LAO 45 degrees thallium-201 myocardial image with a transmural infarct of variable detectability, thirteen methods of computer image processing are evaluated for a group of eight observers using receiver operating characteristics (ROC curves). Initial results using electrostatic hardcopy images clearly demonstrate that images with three applications of a nine point smoothing routine and 30% background subtraction, displayed with three cycles of the grey scale, produce significantly more accurate interpretation (P less than 0.001) than the raw data, or any of the other methods used. This method provides an overall increase in the diagnostic sensitivity for the group and does not introduce a false positive bias. Grey scale cycling provides effective contrast enhancement as does a colour scale presentation. Comparing images as processed above with similarly smoothed images presented with a fifteen colour level scale on a TV monitor, the diagnostic sensitivities are not significantly different and this method provides the optimum image evaluation in this study. PMID- 7215372 TI - Functional study with 131I-rose bengal in chronic active hepatitis and nonactive cirrhosis using a three-compartment model. AB - The authors, using 131I-Rose Bengal, determined the fractional transfer constants of a three-compartmental model in 30 patients divided into two groups (chronic active hepatitis and nonactive cirrhosis) on a histological basis. Other functional indexes were also taken into consideration. In nonactive cirrhosis, the results show a greater impairment of Rose Bengal transfer from plasma to liver. In chronic active hepatitis K32 (fractional transfer coefficient from the second to the third compartment) appears significantly lower than in nonactive cirrhosis. No significant differences have been found for K12 and K03. The best differentiation between the two groups (consistent with histological data in 29 of 30 cases) was obtained by grouping K21, retention index (RI) and SGOT in the discrimination function: L=4.88 K21-0.016RI+0.0034SGOT. The ratio K12/K21 seems meaningful for diagnostic purposes and in the evaluation of the hepatocellular damage in single cases. PMID- 7215375 TI - On the nature of technetium compounds. 1. A semiquantitative biological model system to assay 99mTc-complexes/radiopharmaceuticals. AB - Eleven different 99mTc compounds having some relevance in clinical nuclear medicine have been classified according to their localizing properties. The following classes of 99mTc compounds have been compared in a semiquantitative manner, using a Wistar strain rat model: liver and hepatobiliary agents such as Tc-phytate, Tc-sulfur colloid, reduced (SnII) TcO-4, and 99mTc-LIDA (dimethyl IDA); bone agents like Tc-pyrophosphate, Tc-HEDP, Tc-EDTMP; kidney and bladder agents comprising Tc-DTPA, Tc-glucoheptonate, Tc-citrate, and TcO-4. The in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior lends itself to unified approach with respect to nature of 99mTc compounds. Most of the 99mTc complexes display an excretory type of pathway. These compounds were found to be relatively stable in aqueous solutions at room temperature (25 degrees-28 degrees C) for at least 2 h without any additives. Both paper chromatographic and biologic (tissue distribution) criteria, commonly used for quality assurance and control of 99mTc compounds, were employed to study these compounds. PMID- 7215376 TI - Carcinoma in hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule in recurrent hyperthyroidism. AB - A patient with an invasive thyroid carcinoma located within a hot thyroid nodule is reported. Only four similar cases have been described in the literature. It is emphasized that a hot thyroid nodule per se should not be used as an argument against the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7215377 TI - The "sickle-sign" in bone scintigraphy. AB - A side-effect of an intensive cytotoxic treatment on bone scanning will be reported: the so called "sickle sign", a diffuse activity around the calvarium seen only in patients at cytotoxic therapy. The differentiation between this harmless side-effect and abnormalities caused by the cancer could be done in our patients by a vertex view. All patients with skull metastases or meningeal carcinosis and this sign in the frontal and lateral view had an inhomogeneous uptake in the vertex view. This view should therefore be added to the standard views in all patients with the sickle sign. PMID- 7215378 TI - A mathematical model for the liver uptake and excretion of 99mTc-diethyl IDA. AB - A mathematical model for the liver uptake and excretion of 99mTc-diethyl IDA has been formulated and data from four patient studies have been fitted to the model, resulting in values for the model parameters. The model includes compartments for blood, extravascular space, hepatocytes, bile ducts, and kidneys. The parameter values obtained reflect a rapid exchange between blood and extravascular space and a significant reverse flow of the radiopharmaceutical from the liver to the blood. PMID- 7215379 TI - External detection of regional myocardial metabolism with radioiodinated hexadecenoic acid in the dog heart. AB - In a previous study we have demonstrated that terminally iodinated hexadecenoic acid (131I-HA) and Thallium-201 (201T1) are comparable in myocardial uptake and distribution in the ischemic dog heart (Westera et al. 1980). In the present study the potential value of 131I-HA was proved in determining regional myocardial metabolism in 19 dog experiments. In ten dogs, 131I-HA was administered 5 min after occlusion of a coronary artery (group II), in six dogs after a 90 min occlusion period (group III). Three dogs served as controls (group I). The turnover rates (t 1/2) of 131I-HA were calculated from mono-exponential time-activity curves, obtained by external detection over ischemic and normally perfused areas during a 30 min period after IV injection of 0.7-1.5 mCi 131I-HA. The t 1/2 values in ischemic regions were found to be significantly longer (group II, 25.1 +/- 2.6 min; group III, 22.6 +/- 1.8 min) than in non-ischemic areas (group II, 12.5 +/- 1.8 min; group III, 14.2 +/- 1.4 min). The t 1/2 values in the control dogs (group I, 13.4 +/- 1.4 min) were not significantly different from the turnover rates in the non-ischemic areas of the occluded hearts. We conclude that the study of turnover rates of radioiodinated free fatty acids allows the determination of regional myocardial metabolism and offers a means to distinguish normally perfused from ischemic myocardial tissue. PMID- 7215380 TI - Biologic gastric emptying time using Tc-99m TETA polystyrene resin in various clinical conditions. AB - In 82 subjects 82 gastric emptying studies using Tc-99m triethylene tetramine polystyrene resin were retrospectively evaluated. All six patients with diabetic gastroenteropathy (GE) had delayed biologic gastric emptying time (BGET) that responded well to metoclopramide (MP) injection. In 11 diabetics without GE, only two had prolonged BGET with good response to MP. All 11 patients with gastric outlet obstruction also had prolonged BGET, but no significant response to MP was found in 7 studies. Five of 7 patients with active gastric ulcer had delayed BGET. Three of ten patients with previous Billroth I or II operation had accelerated BGET, and 3 of 9 patients with previous vagotomy had delayed BGET with good response to MP. Markedly prolonged BGET with significant response to MP was also observed in 3 patients with disordered gastric motility. Delayed BGET was found in one patient with bile reflux gastritis and in 2 of 6 patients with reflux esophagitis. No prolongation of BGET was observed in 6 symptomatic patients whose radiographic and endoscopic examinations were negative. BGET studies with this agent appear to be reliable and very helpful in the management of patients with gastric symptoms and for obtaining an objective measurement of the response to therapy. PMID- 7215382 TI - 99mTc-gentamicin: chemical and biological evaluation. AB - 99mTc-Gentamicin complex, a new agent for renal studies, is prepared by the reduction of pertechnetate by stannous chloride. Organ distribution in rats and paper chromatography with Whatman 3MM paper [developed in n-butanol, acetic acid, and water (4:1:1)] were favored as analytical tools for determination of labeling parameters of 99mTc-Gentamicin. A higher concentration of stannous ion is responsible for the formation of insoluble technetium species which concentrate in the liver. The mean kidney: liver ratio of 10.4:1 was obtained 1 h after injection. This confirms that scintigraphic delineation of kidneys is highly satisfactory. PMID- 7215383 TI - Congenital intrathoracic kidney: a 5-year radionuclide follow-up. AB - Congenital intrathoracic kidney (CIK) is an exceedingly rare anomaly. IN a study of 15,919 autopsies of children by Campbell [1], only one CIK was noted. Less than 50 cases have been reported so far in English literature [3]. Most of the CIK are asymptomatic normal organs which require no medical or surgical treatment. We have had the opportunity of applying scintiphotographic techniques exclusively to follow up a 9 1/2-month-old infant with CIK for 5 years. PMID- 7215385 TI - Two siblings with cleidocranial dysplasia associated with atresia ani and psoriasis-like lesions: a new syndrome? AB - A cleidocranial dysplasia syndrome associated with atresia ani, urogenital anomalies, and psoriasis-like skin lesions is reported in two siblings (1 boy, 1 girl) in a family of Japanese descent. There is no family history of cleidocranial dysplasia syndrome and/or psoriasis. Consanguinity is denied. PMID- 7215384 TI - 13q-/r(13) mosaicism. AB - A 2-month-old female infant with typical features of the 13q- syndrome was found to be a hitherto unreported mosaic consisting of 46,XX,del (13)(q22)/46,XX,r(13)(p13q22). She has not been able to maintain normal values of serum Na and Cl since the second day of life: this may be induced by cerebral dysgenesis. PMID- 7215386 TI - Esophageal perforation in the newborn. AB - Two cases of esophageal perforation in the newborn are reported. The first case underwent surgery after suspected diagnosis of a traumatic perforation of a superior atresic esophageal stump. The second case was treated with supportive therapy. Both cases were cured and discharged in good health. The possible mechanisms of spontaneous and iatrogenic perforation are discussed. PMID- 7215381 TI - The use of coated charcoal in the determination of oestrogen receptor activity. AB - Oestrogen receptor activity in mammary tumour and healthy tissues were determined by using a method of incubation with coated charcoal. It appears that both increased charcoal concentration and prolonged incubation leads to erroneous results, which are probably due to loss of receptor protein. It is concluded that receptor activity assays must be performed under strictly standardized experimental conditions. PMID- 7215388 TI - The Kenny syndrome, a rare type of growth deficiency with tubular stenosis, transient hypoparathyroidism and anomalies of refraction. AB - One family (3 cases) with the Kenny syndrome and a second family (3 cases) with features of Kenny syndrome but lacking medullary stenosis are reported. The main symptoms in both families are proportionate dwarfism, cortical thickening of tubular bones, variable anomalies of the calvaria, anemia, transient hypoparathyroidism and variable ocular anomalies. The latter include microphthalmia, and moderate-to-severe myopia or hyperopia. In the first family there was medullary stenosis of most tubular bones. In the second family two cases exhibited mild-to-moderate cortical thickening of tubular bones, but absent or mild medullary stenosis. Possible variability of the Kenny syndrome is discussed. Endocrine studies failed to demonstrate any permanent disturbance of parathormone or calcitonin metabolism, or GH deficiency. Pathogenesis remains unclear. Autosomal dominant inheritance seems to be likely. PMID- 7215387 TI - Brain uptake of 11C-methionine in phenylketonuria. AB - The brain uptake of 11C-methionine was studied in 26 children with classical phenylketonuria; one adult was used as a control. Labelled methionine uptake in brain was first measured during a low phenylalanine diet and again one week later after a load of phenylalanine. Ten children aged 1 to 30 months were studied twice at intervals of several months. In children having a phenylalaninemia less than or equal to 0.3 mumoles . ml-1, a decrease in methionine brain uptake was observed with increasing age, with the largest change occurring during the first year of life. After the phenylalanine load, a mean increase in phenylalaninemia by a factor of ten was accompanied by a mean decrease in brain methionine uptake by a factor of two while blood methionine remained unchanged. Brain activity curves increased with time for children younger than one year and having phenylalaninemia less than 0.6 mumoles . ml-1. After the age of 2 most patients had a decreasing curve regardless of the blood phenylalanine level. This study indicates that 11C-methionine brain uptake may be taken as an index of blood barrier permeability to essential amino acids, and of brain maturation. The results obtained suggest that an increase in phenylalaninemia to levels greater than 0.6 mumole . ml-1 induces a modification in brain uptake of amino acids, primarily during the first two years of life. PMID- 7215389 TI - The prognostic significance of specific IgG antibodies in insect sting allergy. AB - Specific IgG antibodies against bee venom and bee venom components were studied in the serum of 40 bee-sting patients, 60 bee keepers, and 31 control subjects. The highest titres were observed in successfully hypothesized patients and in bee keepers. Subclass-typing in bee-sting allergic patients showed the highest antibody levels in subclass IgG2, followed by IgG3, IgG 4 and IgG1. During hyposensitization, a rise in specific IgG antibodies in all subclasses and against bee venom and all its components was found. The allergic reaction to bee stings disappeared with the rise of specific IgG antibodies, as demonstrated by a bee-sting challenge. After 6 months of hyposensitization therapy, the specific IgG antibodies remained above, and the specific IgE antibodies fell below, the pretreatment levels. PMID- 7215390 TI - Phalangeal microgeodic syndrome in childhood: report of seven cases and review of the literature. AB - Seven cases of phalangeal microgeodic syndrome in childhood are reported. Reviewing the literature, we have found a total of thirty Japanese cases, including the cases of our own. On the other hand, only ten cases have been reported outside Japan. The mean age of onset of the Japanese was six and a half years, which is older than that in the initial description. Of further interest is the fact all the cases in Japan occurred sporadically and exclusively in winter, and regressed spontaneously and fairly rapidly within six months. Furthermore, most of the cases reported in Europe also occurred in the winter months. These facts imply an etiological relationship between the lowered temperature and the bone lesions. PMID- 7215391 TI - Vitamin B12 absorption and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in childhood. AB - The absorption of vitamin B12, labelled with radioactive 58Co, was measured in 19 patients with cystic fibrosis and one child with the Shwachman-Diamond syndrome using the whole body counting technique. We found vitamin B12 absorption reduced to 7.97 on average, compared to 59.2% for the control group. The low vitamin B12 absorption correlated well with the reduced fat retention coefficients. After adding 0.212 pancreatin to the radioactive vitamin B12 test dose, the absorption quotas improved in all cases, the average being 61%. A meal poor in vitamin B12 tended to increase the absorption of the radioactive test dose to 23% on average. As yet there is no satisfactory explanation for the effect of the diet on the absorption of vitamin B12 in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. This could be the reason why the malabsorption of vitamin B12 in patients with EPI can go unnoticed for many years and could possibly explain why vitamin B12 malabsorption in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency does not cause symptoms and signs of vitamin B12 deficiency for many years. PMID- 7215392 TI - Two family studies of children with ventricular septal defect. AB - All first-degree relatives of 81 index patients with isolated ventricular septal defects were examined cardiologically in sample one. The congenital abnormalities in first-degree relatives of 296 index patients affected ventricular septal defects were studied by questionnaire in sample two. (The relatives reported as having congenital cardiovascular malformations were checked). Ventricular septal defects were found in 3.3% and 1.45% of sibs in samples one and two, respectively. The heritability of isolated VSD was 0.57 +/- 0.22. The familial clustering fitted the multifactorial threshold model well. Other congenital cardiovascular malformations were somewhat higher in first-degree relatives of index patients (1.6% in sample one and 1.2% in sample two) than their expected rates. The occurrence of other congenital abnormalities, however, does not exceed the prevalence at birth in the population. PMID- 7215394 TI - Aniridia, mental retardation and an unbalanced reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 8 and 11 with an interstitial deletion of 11p. AB - A mentally retarded female with aniridia, microcephaly and no other major malformations has been studied using G-banded prometaphase chromosomes. This study revealed a reciprocal translocation of chromosome 8 and chromosome 11 with one break point in 8q and two breakpoints in 11p. An interstitial segment of 11p is lost. Both parents have a normal karyotype. The importance of chromosome analyses of patients with aniridia and mental retardation is discussed. PMID- 7215397 TI - The spinal canal in familial spastic paraplegia. AB - The elucidation of possible involvement of the vertebral canal in familial spastic paraplegia is attempted. The sagittal and the transverse diameters of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebral canal were estimated in 14 patients and 100 controls. The results showed that the vertebral canal of the patients is considerably smaller in its whole length and not only in the thoracic region. This finding is discussed in relation to the development of both the vertebral canal and spinal cord. PMID- 7215393 TI - CSF lysosomal hydrolase activity as an aid in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. AB - The activity of the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha mannosidase and hexosaminidase were determined in CSF obtained from patients with proven bacterial meningitis and from patients with various other diagnoses. The mean value for CSF beta-glucuronidase from bacterial meningitis was elevated 73 fold when compared to the aggregate mean of all control groups. Acid phosphatase and alpha-mannosidase means were 26-fold and 33-fold elevated respectively while hexosaminidase was threefold elevated. Measurement of CSF acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase should prove a rapid useful test in establishing the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Chromatography of CSF samples on DEAE Sephadex allowed the resolution of hexosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase into individual isozymes. The ratio of hexosaminidase A to hexosaminidase B was generally higher in CSF from patients with bacterial meningitis but was very variable. The isozyme distribution for beta-glucuronidase was identical to that found in serum and no differences in pattern were found between patients and control subjects. PMID- 7215396 TI - Meige syndrome: a clinical and EMG study. AB - 2 patients showing oral-facial asymptomatic dyskinesia are reported. Clinically observed involuntary movements are the same as those described by Henry Meige in 1910 for the first time. An outstanding EMG feature is the recording of spontaneous potential bursts, both short and long in duration, that show synchronism when activity is registered from different facial muscles at the same time. Clinical and EMG data allow close comparison between involuntary movements in the course of Meige syndrome and idiopathic hemifacial spasm. PMID- 7215398 TI - Pregnancy: a factor influencing the course of multiple sclerosis? AB - The influence of pregnancy on the course of multiple sclerosis was analyzed in 119 patients who had a pregnancy during the disease. A worsening of the disease and a higher number of relapses were observed in puerperium, whereas pregnancy and the following year were generally characterized by a favorable course. The comparison with a control group did not show significant differences as concerns the invalidity and the mean rate of relapses. The results indicate that pregnancy does not substantially modify the course of the disease. PMID- 7215395 TI - Mitral valve replacement in active rheumatic heart disease in a five years old child. AB - A case of a five-year-old patient with severe rheumatic mitral regurgitation is reported. Intensive anticongestive and corticosteroid therapy were ineffective. Despite the diagnosis of chronic carditis she underwent successful mitral valve replacement with significant improvement of her cardiac status. Valve replacement is indicated in a certain group of patients with rheumatic heart disease which have a poor prognosis on medical therapy alone. PMID- 7215399 TI - Echinococcosis of the central nervous system. PMID- 7215400 TI - A refined method to relate morphological and functional aspects of aphasia. AB - A method is described to relate brain morphology and neuropsychological disturbances such as aphasia. By mapping lesions with computerized tomography onto a grid model of five brain slices, it is possible to compare aphasiological information and lesion site by data processing, allowing the quantitative and qualitative manipulation of a large number of data. The soundness of the method is investigated in a pilot study on the localization of aphasic disturbances. Data processing was performed on a preliminary group of 70 patients with different aphasic syndromes (Broca, Wernicke, and global aphasics with and without recurring utterances). The results confirmed the findings of older studies, with the typical locus of Wernicke's aphasia being Wernicke's area. In conformity to more recent studies, the main lesion for Broca aphasics was found to be in the insular cortex, with a relatively important participation of the frontal white matter. The implications of this refined method for more vigorous aphasiological and neuropsychological research are briefly indicated. PMID- 7215401 TI - Reversible bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia due to head trauma: a case report. AB - This case report concerns a patient who developed reversible bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia as an immediate consequence of head trauma. To our knowledge, only one case of internuclear ophthalmoplegia related to head trauma has been previously reported in the literature. The mechanism by which trauma can produce a relatively isolated brain stem lesion to the medial longitudinal fasciculus is unclear. Some experimental data on the mechanisms of cerebral concussion would indicate that the biomechanical forces due to impact acceleration of the head exert their predominant effect on the posterior portion of the brain stem. This might account for critical vulnerability of the structures situated in this portion, including the medial longitudinal fasciculus. PMID- 7215402 TI - Clinical observations on 76 cluster headache cases. AB - 76 cases of cluster headache are reviewed. Besides confirming established notions, the present study calls attention to the following points: (a) the peculiar behaviour of patients during the attacks does not appear explainable in simple terms of reaction to pain; (b) the occurrence of ECG abnormalities during the attacks in addition to bradycardia; (c) the well-known tendency of cluster headache attacks to recur at the same time of day, has in our cases a very high peak at 3 p.m., and (d) when the attacks occur in sleep hours, the time relationship with REM sleep stage is confirmed in our cases which have been recorded at night. PMID- 7215403 TI - Prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistulae by intraductal injection of a tissue-adhesive polymer. AB - Ligation of the intact horizontal segment of the pancreas in 8 dogs caused enlargement and then atrophy of the gland. Ligation of dissected pancreases in 9 dogs caused pseudocysts, fistulae and pancreatic ascites in 6. Ligation following obliteration of the ductal system with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in 8 dissected pancreases caused no pancreatic complications. Both ligation and obliteration reduced the glucose consumption coefficient (k-value) below the preoperative levels (p less than 0.01), there was no difference, however, between the two methods as far as glucose consumption is concerned. Ductal obliteration might prevent the development of pancreatic fistulae following the Whipple procedure offering an alternative to either simple ligation or pancreatojejunostomy. PMID- 7215404 TI - Gastric stress ulcers and gastrointestinal hormones - response to hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride infused intraduodenally. Preliminary report. AB - Gastric stress ulcers were produced by restraint in nonsecretory rats, and the response of the ulcer index to intraduodenal hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sodium chloride (NaCl) was studied in a three-step dose-response trial. Both substances lowered the ulcer index dose-dependently (Km HCl 0.038 +/- Km NaCl 0.089 +/- 0.009 mM/kg/h, respectively) reaching a nadir in rats receiving HCl. The improvement in ulcerations was associated with elevated plasma secretin, glucose, and lowered gastrin in this protocol. In both experimental procedures plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was higher with the low and intermediate doses as compared with the high dose when a slight venous hyperosmolality was present. Glucagon and insulin remained essentially stable. It is concluded that stress ulcers of the restraint type may be prevented by intraduodenal HCl, suggesting that the interplay of gastrointestinal hormones is deranged by stress and partly restored by acid instillation. PMID- 7215406 TI - Lung water accumulation with and without left ventricular venting during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The effect of venting on left atrial pressure and lung water accumulation was studied after prolonged aortic cross-clamping (90 min) and cardiopulmonary bypass in mongrel dogs. Two groups of animals, one with and one without venting, were studied. Left atrial pressure rose significantly (p less than 0.05) in the non vented animals. This increase, however, did not allow for lung water accumulation or morphological evidence of pulmonary edema. These results appear to indicate that venting is only necessary if a normal left atrial pressure is sought during prolonged aortic cross-clamping. Since the increase in left atrial pressure did not have any detrimental effect on lung morphology or water accumulation, the role of venting under our experimental setting becomes more theoretical than necessary. PMID- 7215405 TI - Effect of aspirin on gastric acid secretion in the rat. AB - The effects of aspirin on gastric acid and sodium have been studied in a perfused rat stomach preparation. In the pentagastrin-stimulated stomach, as intraluminal aspirin concentration increased, there was a significant fall in acid output together with a significant decrease in the loss of sodium from the gastric lumen. It was concluded that these observations were due to a back-diffusion effect resulting from disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier rather than parietal cell inhibition PMID- 7215407 TI - Differences in cognitive functioning of retarded children and retarded autistic children: a response to Ahmad Baker. PMID- 7215408 TI - Functions of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA): are they trainable? PMID- 7215409 TI - Long latency components of the visually evoked potential in man: effects of aging. AB - Visual stimuli were used to elicit event related potential (ERPs) from frontal, central, and parietal midline scalp of ten right-handed male subjects in each of five groups (mean ages 28, 47, 63, 72, and 79 years). Stimuli consisted of 35 mm slides in three categories: 80% background; 10% target; and 10% colorful novel slides. Amplitude and latency of four ERP components, N1, P2, N2 and P3 were examined with three-way analysis of variance. Significant differences were found among age groups, stimulus categories and scalp locations. Although ERP component amplitudes were minimally affected by age, two waves, N2 and P3, showed reliable age-related changes in latency with latencies of both being prolonged in older subjects. Advancing age was associated with an acceleration of P3 slowing. Latency increased from 0.8 msec per year between ages 28 and 63 to 1.6 msec per year between ages 63 and 79. An effort was made to relate these results to a neurophysiological model involving the possible neural mechanisms of the P3 component. PMID- 7215410 TI - Age-related differences for motion sickness in the rat. AB - The relationship between motion sickness and age was examined in three groups of male rats in order to determine whether or not age related differences in susceptibility are due to experiential factors or unspecified changes in the central nervous system. The results revealed no difference in susceptibility between 2-month old and 11-month old group. However, the 20-month old group was significantly less susceptible to motion sickness than either of the other groups. These findings indicate that general age related changes in the central nervous system are more likely to account for the relationship between motion sickness and age tha are experiential factors. PMID- 7215411 TI - Expectancy and choice reaction time in early and late adulthood. AB - Choice reaction time (CRT) was measured for young and elderly adults when both the stimulus and the response, or only the response, or neither the stimulus nor the response had been correctly predicted by the subject. The older adult's CRT exceeded the younger one's by a constant amount in all cases. Implications for the "uncertainty effect" in aging--the disproportionate increase with age of CRT relative to simple reaction time--are discussed. PMID- 7215412 TI - Quality of reports of clinical trials submitted by the drug industry to the Finnish and Swedish control authorities. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the quality of trials used in support of applications for licensing drugs. All applications for psychotropic drugs received by the Finnish and Swedish drug control authorities in the years 1965, 1970, 1974, and 1975 were studied. In addition, a random sample of applications for "other drugs" was selected in Finland. All reports of clinical trials on the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs were included. Many trials were uncontrolled, and in controlled trials major drawbacks in the quality of the trial design and in the accuracy of reporting were often found. The number of patients in each controlled trial was small, and the majority of trials concerned selected groups of patients. Measures of effectiveness were often such that it was impossible to establish the overall benefit of the drug. Treatment times were short. Adverse effects were handled separately and were not adequately combined with efficacy. When a decision about licensure of a drug is made, it is not enough to know that the drug affects body systems, but its therapeutic value should also be established. The trials attached to the applications for licensing did not usually do that. PMID- 7215413 TI - Moxaprindine in the acute treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with cardiovascular disease. AB - The antiarrhythmic activity of intravenous moxaprindine was evaluated in 26 patients with cardiovascular disease; the mean maximum dose was 2.5 +/- 0.12 mg/kg. Ventricular extopics were completely abolished in 19 patients and significantly reduced in four patients, but were not favourably affected in three patients. In one patient with numerous runs of ventricular tachycardia, normal sinus rhythm was restored. Coupled ventricular ectopic activity always completely disappeared. At the maximum dose, the PR-interval (+27.7 +/- 3.3%), the QRS duration (+24.6 +/- 2.2%), the QT-interval (+17.0 +/- 1.5%) and the QTc-interval (+10.8 +/- 1.2%) were significantly prolonged. The QRS morphology essentially remained unchanged. Moxaprindine caused first degree atrioventricular block in eight patients. The sinus rate was slowed at every dosage level. Nevertheless, moxaprindine could safely be administered to patients with dysfunction of the specialized conduction system, or with a damaged myocardium. Serious side effects did not occur. Moxaprindine is a promising new antiarrhythmic drug for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, but its value and safely in the chronic oral treatment of these arrhythmias remain to be established. PMID- 7215414 TI - Intravenous quinidine in congestive cardiomyopathy. AB - Eight male patients with compensated congestive cardiomyopathy received single 300-mg doses of intravenous quinidine by 15-min infusion. Left ventricular (LV) performance was evaluated by echocardiography at multiple points in time during the next 24 h. Quinidine kinetics and protein binding were determined from multiple serum samples drawn for up to 36 h after dosage. LV function was not impaired. Instead, quinidine transiently increased ejection fraction (mean: +39%) and rate of circumferential shortening (mean: +46%). Endsystolic and end diastolic LV internal diameter likewise were decreased (means: -13% and -7%). Blood pressure and ventricular rate were not significantly altered. Compared to 8 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and weight, quinidine volume of distribution among patients was smaller (means: 2.27 vs 1.90 l/kg), as was total quinidine clearance (3.49 vs 2.84 ml/min/kg); however, differences were not statistically significant. Well-controlled, slow intravenous infusion of quinidine does not impair LV performance and is safe for patients with compensated congestive cardiomyopathy. However, such patients may have reduced quinidine clearance and hence require lower doses than expected based on age and weight. PMID- 7215415 TI - Availability of isosorbide dinitrate, diazepam and chlormethiazole, from i.v. delivery systems. AB - The loss of isosorbide dinitrate from aqueous solutions stored in plastic infusion bags and/or infused through plastic giving sets was investigated. During simulated infusions, the loss of isosorbide dinitrate was found to be flow-rate dependent. The clinical and pharmacokinetic significance of this loss is discussed. Infusion o isosorbide dinitrate from a glass syringe through high density polyethylene tubing overcame the loss associated with its administration via plastic infusion bags and intravenous giving sets. This method was also applied successfully to minimise the previously reported loss of diazepam and chlormethiazole during infusions. PMID- 7215416 TI - Pharmacokinetics of disopyramide in patients with imminent to moderate cardiac failure. AB - The parmacokinetics of disopyramide (DP) in 10 patients with imminent to moderate cardiac failure has been studied and compared with the results in normal volunteers. The biological half life of rapid distribution (T1/2 alpha) and of elimination (T1/2 beta) were increased (11.1 +/- 4.4 min and 9.7 +/- 4.2 h, respectively). Total body clearance (Clt) was decreased (0.467 +/- 0.215 ml . min 1 . kg-1), and the volume of distribution (Vd) was slightly reduced (0.610 +/- 0.1361 . kg-1), probably due to the lower cardiac index. After oral administration, the time of peak serum concentration was increased (139 +/- 89 min), and the mean peak serum concentration (2.4 +/- 0.8% dose . 1-1) was also higher than reported in normal subjects. Comparison of the areas under the concentration versus time curves after intravenous and oral administration (AUC i. v. and AUC oral) showed that DP was almost completely absorbed, its bioavailability being 97.5 +/- 15.0%. PMID- 7215417 TI - Pharmacokinetics of oral timolol studied by mass fragmentography. AB - The pharmacokinetics of timolol, after oral administration of single 20 mg doses to healthy subjects, has been studied using an original electron beam ionization GLC-mass spectrometry technique with computer -- controlled multiple ion detection. This method of mass fragmentography, tested with propranolol as an internal standard, permitted the measurement of timolol concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml with good precision and accuracy. It enabled the plasma level to be followed up to the twelfth hour after treatment. Individual variation was observed in bioavailability; the peaks plasma concentration (Cmax) of 50 to 103 ng/ml being achieved at different times(0.5--3h). The residual level after 12 h differed greatly between the subjects (0.8 to 7.2 ng/ml). The mean half-life of the terminal elimination phase was 2.62 +/- 0.17 h. Extra-renal elimination (metabolic and biliary) represented the main route of elimination, with a renal to body clearance ratio of 0.123. This level paralleled the percentage of unaltered timolol excreted in urine 24 h after its administration. PMID- 7215421 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of ketobemidone. Its bioavailability after rectal administration. AB - The pharmacokinetic constants and rectal bioavailability of the narcotic analgesic ketobemidone were determined in six male patients after surgery. Plasma concentrations were measured following intravenous administration of Ketogin 2 ml, containing ketobemidone chloride 10 mg, and a spasmolytic compound N,N dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-methylallylamine chloride 50 mg, and following rectal administration of one suppository of Ketogin, containing ketobemidone chloride 10 mg and the spasmolytic component 50 mg. Following intravenous administration, the disposition of ketobemidone followed a biexponential pattern with a fast distribution phase and a slower elimination phase: the plasma half-life (t1/2) was 2.42 +/- 0.41 h (m +/- SD). After rectal administration, the disposition of ketobemidone fitted a one-compartment model. The elimination half-life was 3.27 +/- 0.32 h. The mean rectal bioavailability for ketobemidone was 44% +/- 9%. The pharmacokinetic constants of the spasmolytic component, N,N-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl 1-methylallylamine, were also determined in five of the patients, both after intravenous and after rectal administration. The plasma half-life was 3.07 +/- 0.53 h and 3.79 +/- 1.14 h, respectively. The rectal bioavailability was estimated to be 33% +/- 14%. PMID- 7215420 TI - Plasma levels and pharmacokinetics of cyclofenil after oral administration to man. AB - Cyclofenil was given as a single oral dose of 200 mg, and also as 200 mg/day for eight days, to seven healthy female volunteers. Plasma was analyzed for the active metabolite and pharmacokinetic modelling was performed. A biological half life of 29 h was bound after the single dose and 18 h after the eighth day of continuous treatment. No significant difference was found in any of the calculated parameters when comparing the values from Day 1 and Day 8. The theoretically constructed steady-state curve fitted the experimented values. PMID- 7215422 TI - In vitro release and in vivo serum fluoride levels and urinary excretion after different sodium fluoride tablets. AB - Various sodium fluoride tablets used for the treatment of osteoporosis were evaluated. The tablets were characterized in vitro by determining the release curves. The serum levels and urinary recovery of fluoride were determined after a single oral dose either of rapidly soluble (conventional), sustained release or enterocoated tablets. The in vivo study showed that administration of sustained release tablets eliminated high serum peaks and prolonged the duration of an elevated serum level as compared to conventional tablets. The biovailability of the fluoride was lower after intake of sustained release and enterocoated tablets, and there was an increase in the interindividual variance of biovailability. PMID- 7215419 TI - A single dose of azathioprine does not affect the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following oral prednisone. AB - Clinical and pharmacokinetic observations suggest that azathioprine may diminish the plasma level of prednisolone. To study the extent of this possible interaction, and to define the underlying mechanism, total and unbound prednisolone and total prednisolone concentrations were assessed in 11 subjects following an oral dose of prednisone once with and once without concomitant oral administration of azathioprine. Azathioprine did not affect the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of total and unbound prednisolone; furthermore, the interconversion of prednisone into prednisolone was not influenced by azathioprine. PMID- 7215423 TI - Enhancing effect of murine anti-idiotypic serum on the proliferative response specific for poly(LTyr, LGlu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys)[(T,G)-A--L]. AB - Murine anti-idiotypic serum against C3 H.SW anti-poly(LTyr, LGlu)-poly(DLAla)- poly(LLys)[(T,G)-A--L] antibodies was elicited in C57BL/6 mice. The effect of the anti-idiotypes on the proliferation of primed lymph node cells was investigated. The anti-idiotypic serum stimulated the proliferative response of the (T,G)-A--L specific lymph node cells as well as of nylon wool-enriched T cells. In the presence of suboptimal doses of (T,G)-A--L, the addition of the anti-idiotypes enhanced the proliferation to the levels obtained with the optimal dose of (T,G) A--L itself. These results suggest the existence of shared idiotypic determinants between antibodies and the (T,G)-A--L-specific proliferative T cells. PMID- 7215418 TI - Digoxin-associated thrombocytopaenia. AB - A 60-year-old male patient had two episodes of thrombocytopaenia whilst being treated with digoxin, each of them reversible upon withdrawal of the drug. Bone marrow examination was consistent with peripheral platelet destruction as the main mechanism of the thrombocytopaenia. The inhibition of clot retraction test was positive, with a declining titer, after cessation of digoxin therapy, and this plus the finding of circulating immune complexes after incubation of the patient's serum with digoxin established digoxin as the offending agent. It is concluded that digoxin may be a rare cause of drug-induced immune thrombocytopaenia. PMID- 7215424 TI - The selective effect of tunicamycin on the secretion of IgM and IgG produced by the same cells. AB - Cells of the hybridoma cell line X63/38 C-13 secreting both IgM and IgG have been used in studies on the importance of the carbohydrate moieties of the Ig molecules for their secretion. It has been found that the secretion of the IgM produced in the presence of the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin was strongly inhibited, while the secretion of the IgG produced by the same cells was only slightly affected. PMID- 7215425 TI - Syngeneic thyroglobulin is immunogenic in good responder mice. AB - Mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) or thyroid extract (TE) was given repeatedly to good responder C3H/Anf (H-2k) and poor responder BALB/c (H-2d) mice in the absence of adjuvant. Anti-MTg antibodies reached high levels in good responder mice given high doses of thyroid antigen. To eliminate stimulation by alloantigenic determinants and reduce the chance of denaturation. TE from syngeneic mice was prepared freshly each week and injected into good and poor responder strains. Again, significant antibody titers were observed in good responder mice. The antibody was specific for MTg since (a) it was not inhibited by extracts of other organs and (b) it reacted strongly with the closely related rat Tg and weakly with Tg from other species. Histology revealed mononuclear cell infiltration of the thyroid of good responder, but not of poor responder mice, regardless of the strain used to provide the thyroid antigen. The data demonstrate the presence of both T and B cell populations reactive with this self antigen and their stimulation by repeated high doses of antigen, without the aid of adjuvant, to override the regulatory controls that normally prevent autoimmune responses. PMID- 7215426 TI - The hypotensive effect of centrally administered neurotensin in rats. AB - We have evaluated the cardiovascular effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of neurotensin (NT) in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. In most animals, the i.c.v. injection of NT (5.4, 10.8 and 16.2 nmol/rat) induced a dose dependent fall of the arterial blood pressure. This effect was usually rapid in onset (30-60 sec) and of short duration (approximately 1-4 min). It was not preceded nor accompanied by any significant alteration of the heart rate. In about 25% of the animals, the vasodepressor effect of i.c.v. injections of NT was long lasting (30-45 min). Conscious rats were much less sensitive than anesthetized animals. The hypotensive effects of intravenously (i.v.) administered NT was fully maintained in animals made tolerant to the hypotensive effect of centrally administered NT. Similarly, the animals made unresponsive to i.v. injections of NT either by repeated i.v. injections of NT (e.g. tachyphylaxis) or by a chronic treatment with compound 48/80, still responded normally to centrally administered NT. The results suggest the existence of at least two anatomically distinct sites of action through which NT can induce hypotension in rats. One appears to be located in the periphery and the other, in the central nervous system. PMID- 7215428 TI - Studies on the mechanisms of L-dopa-induced salivary secretion. AB - Systemic administration of L-dopa and dopamine elicited a marked and sustained secretory response in the rat's submaxillary glands. These effects were blocked by pretreatment with phentolamine plus propranolol. Acute unilateral sympathectomy (decentralization or denervation) reduced the response to L-dopa by about 41-48%. But it left unchanged the secretory response to dopamine. Chemical sympathectomy by hexamethonium caused a similar reduction (45%) in the secretory response to L-dopa while parasympathectomy was unable to modify the salivary secretion caused by L-dopa or dopamine. Pretreatment with haloperidol reduced the salivary secretion to L-dopa in normal animals (unoperated glands), while the response to dopamine was unaffected. On the other hand, haloperidol did not alter the salivary response to L-dopa in animals with surgical sympathectomy (denervation) as compared to the same animals treated with L-dopa alone. From this study we conclude that the salivary secretion induced by L-dopa is mediated by both central and peripheral mechanisms. Dopaminergic receptors may be involved in the central effect and alpha- and beta-receptors in the peripheral response. PMID- 7215427 TI - Correlation of [14C]muscimol concentration in rat brain with anticonvulsant activity. AB - Muscimol, an in vivo and in vitro GABA agonist, has anticonvulsant activity against bicuculline-induced seizures when given systemically to rats. To determine whether parent compound or a metabolite possessed the anticonvulsant activity, experiments were performed with [14C]muscimol. Anticonvulsant activity was determined by the percent of animals protected against tonic forelimb extension induced by bicuculline. Brain and urine were analyzed for unchanged [14C]muscimol by thin-layer chromatography. The time course of anticonvulsant activity and [14C]muscimol concentration in brain after intravenous injection were similar. Peak brain concentration of [14C]muscimol and maximal protection against bicuculline-induced seizures occurred simultaneously. These data suggest that intravenously administered [14C]muscimol rapidly penetrates brain tissue and parent compound is responsible for antagonism of bicuculline-induced convulsions. PMID- 7215429 TI - Enkephalin-like character and analgesia. AB - The opioid activities of enkephalin analogues bearing D- or L-aminopentane sulfonic/phosphonic acid at position 5 were studied in vitro, in electrically stimulated longitudinal muscle strip of guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens preparations and in vivo in the rat tail-flick test. Using their in vitro effects Met-enkephalin-like, beta-endorphin-like, (nor)morphine-like and derivatives of intermediate character could be differentiated. Correlating the in vitro activities with the analgesic activity in vivo it is concluded that the enkephalin-like character in a pentapetide may hinder the expression of analgesic activity, when the compounds are given into the cerebroventricular system. PMID- 7215431 TI - Calcium-sensitive accumulation of norepinephrine in rat cerebral cortex. AB - The accumulation of high and low concentrations of [3H]-norepinephrine has been examined in a crude synaptosomal preparation of rat cerebral cortex in the presence and absence of uptake1 inhibitors. When uptake1 was blocked, [3H] norepinephrine accumulation exhibited very rapid initial rates. It was not inhibited by 10 mM normetanephrine, a potent inhibitor of peripheral uptake2, but it was inhibited by 10 mM metaraminol. This accumulation was markedly reduced when calcium ions were omitted from the incubation medium, and is named here 'calcium-sensitive accumulation' (CSA) to distinguish it functionally from the sodium-dependent, high affinity, uptake1 process. CSA may be localized in nerve endings since it was found predominantly i the synaptosomal fraction of homogenates subjected to density gradient centrifugation in sucrose or in Ficoll in-sucrose. At high concentrations of [3H]l-norepinephrine (1.0 microM) and short incubation times, CSA accounted for most of the total accumulation of [3H]l norepinephrine whereas uptake1 contributed only a small portion. Since extracellular concentrations of brain norepinephrine are thought to reach levels in excess of 1.0 microM, CSA may be a significant factor in noradrenergic neuronal transmission. PMID- 7215430 TI - GABA antagonists enhance dopamine turnover in the rat retina in vivo. AB - Previous results provided evidence for an inhibitory GABAergic influence on the dopamine neurons of the rat retina, without proving that endogenous GABA physiologically regulates the activity of these cells. We injected picrotoxinin intraocularly to dark-adapted rats and measured retinal dopamine turnover. Dopamine was analyzed radioenzymatically, and the decline in dopamine after alpha methyl-p-tyrosine was used as an index of dopamine turnover. Picrotoxinin significantly stimulated dopamine turnover (P less than 0.05). In similar experiments with light-exposed rats picrotoxinin slightly enhanced dopamine turnover beyond that produced by light alone. Intraocular bicuculline methiodide produced similar results in dark-adapted and also in light-exposed rats. These data suggest that endogenous GABA tonically inhibits the activity of the retinal dopamine neurons in the dark and that there may be some remaining GABA tone on these cells in the light-exposed rat. Atropine pretreatment did not affect the picrotoxinin-induced activation of retinal dopamine turnover which negates the involvement of a cholinergic interneuron. PMID- 7215432 TI - Suppression of drinking by naloxone in the rat: a further characterization. AB - The effects of naloxone, an opiate antagonist, were examined on drinking induced by various dipsogenic stimuli. In rats deprived of water for 24 h, naloxone (0.1 10 mg/kg) produced a dose-related suppression of drinking immediately following water presentation but did not alter the latency to begin drinking. Naloxone also produced a dose-related suppression of water consumption induced by isoproterenol and angiotensin II, agents simulating conditions of extracellular dehydration. Naltrexone, a congener of naloxone, was more potent than naloxone in reducing isoproterenol-induced water intake. Schedule-induced polydipsia, which occurs in the absence of body fluid deficits, was not altered by either naloxone or naltrexone at doses attenuating drinking induced by the other methods. These data suggest that the suppressant effects of naloxone on water consumption are not a manifestation of an increased latency to drink or an impairment in the motor components of drinking activity. Furthermore, narcotic antagonists appear to attenuate regulatory, but not adjunctive drinking. PMID- 7215433 TI - Acute sino-aortic denervation in rats produces a selective increase of adrenaline turnover in the dorsal midline area of the caudal medulla oblongata and a reduction of adrenaline levels in the anterior and posterior hypothalamus. AB - Acute sino-aortic denervation produces an acute reduction of adrenaline stores in the anterior and posterior hypothalamus and a reduction of noradrenaline stores in the dorsal midline area of the caudal medulla oblongata. Furthermore, removal of baroreflex afferents results in an increase of adrenaline turnover in the DCMO but not in the hypothalamus. The present findings give evidence for participation of adrenergic mechanisms in central baroreflex regulation. The findings can be interpreted according to the adrenaline vasodepressor hypothesis of hypertension. PMID- 7215434 TI - A dual action of papaverine on calcium uptake by microsomal fraction isolated from rat uterus. AB - The effects of papaverine, cyclic AMP and MIX(3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) on calcium uptake by a microsomal fraction from rat uterus were tested in the presence of 3 mM ATP. Papaverine potentiated calcium uptake in the presence of oxalate but inhibited it in the absence of oxalate. However, cyclic AMP and MIX did not influence calcium uptake, neither in the presence nor the absence of oxalate. These results suggest that calcium uptake by plasma membrane-derived vesicles in the absence of oxalate is inhibited by papaverine and that papaverine potentiated calcium uptake by the internal membranes in the presence of oxalate. They suggest also that the stimulatory action of papaverine involves a cyclic AMP-independent mechanism in addition to the mechanism via cyclic AMP. PMID- 7215435 TI - Differential effects of clomipramine and clorgyline on the sensitivity of cortical neurons to serotonin: effect of chronic treatment. AB - The sensitivity of rostral and cingulate cortical neurons to microiontophoretically administered serotonin (5-HT) was compared in groups of rats treated either acutely or chronically with clomipramine (10 mg/kg i.p.) or with clorgyline (0.3 mg/kg i.p.). The sensitivity of cortical neurons to 5-HT was significantly reduced in both cortical areas of animals treated chronically with clorgyline. By contrast, no change of sensitivity was observed in the clomipramine-treated animals. These findings are consistent with biochemical studies showing a decrease in 5-HT receptors following the chronic treatment with clorgyline and an absence of effect on 5-HT receptors following the chronic treatment with clomipramine. PMID- 7215436 TI - Persistence of the anti-cholinesterase soman in rats; antagonism with a non-toxic simulator of this organophosphate. AB - Anaesthetized, atropinized rats were poisoned with 6x LD50 soman (1,2,2, trimethylpropyl methylphosphonofluoridate). Purified acetylcholinesterase, injected i.v. 75 min later, was rapidly inhibited, presumably by soman stored in a 'depot' from which it was gradually released. Existence of a depot is supported by the effect of a soman-simulator ('som-sim'), an organophosphonate structurally similar to soman but devoid of anti-cholinesterase activity. Som-sim can expel soman from the depot, or counteract its formation. Som-sim prophylaxis greatly enhances survival. PMID- 7215437 TI - The nucleus reticularis lateralis: a region highly sensitive to clonidine. AB - Slow bilateral microinjections of a low dose of clonidine (75 ng/kg) in the cat's nucleus reticularis lateralis (NRL) lead to significant hypotension and bradycardia. This finding confirms the existence of a ventromedullary highly sensitive site of action of clonidine. It is suggested that clonidine inhibits some vasopressive and cardioacceleratory structures within the NRL region. PMID- 7215438 TI - Differential loss of biological activity of the enkephalins induced by current. AB - Passage of current across solutions of enkephalins caused loss of biological activity of the peptides, this loss increasing as current strength was increased. The presence of a vas deferens tissue prevented the current-induced loss of activity of Leu-enkephalin but had no effect on the loss of activity of Met enkephalin. These results provide a possible explanation for the differential potency of the enkephalins on the vas and provide a reason for the inability of several laboratories to show electrically induced enkephalin release. PMID- 7215439 TI - Effect of acetylcholine on calcium efflux from atrial myocardium. AB - The effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on the efflux of 45Ca from atrial myocardial tissue was studied on left guinea-pig auricles. ACh at concentrations of 10(-7) 10(-6) g/ml abolished the twitch responses and caused development of week transient contracture in non-stimulated preparations. The extracellular space (ECS) was not affected. ACh at concentrations of 10(-8)-10(-6) g/ml increased 45Ca efflux from quiescent preparations in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was antagonized by atropine. The contracture developed in Ca2+, Na+-free medium was further enhanced by ACh at concentrations of 10(-7)-10(-6) g/ml. These results suggest that ACh causes the release of calcium from atrial tissue. This effect may contribute to the mechanism of the negative inotropic action of ACh. PMID- 7215440 TI - A re-examination of the GABA-inhibitory action of bicuculline on lobster muscle. AB - The GABA-inhibitory action of bicuculline on lobster muscle was critically re examined. Bicuculline (20-100 micrometers) depressed the GABA-evoked conductance increase in a reversible manner, the double reciprocal transformation of the GABA dose/conductance curves remaining linear. If bicuculline was assumed to be a pure non-competitive antagonist, then the observed depression of the GABA curves at high GABA concentrations was underestimated. Also, the action of bicuculline was not in accordance with a dualistic antagonism (competitive and pure non competitive type). Regarding bicuculline as a "mixed" non-competitive antagonist however, gave a better overall fit to the experimental data. Combinations of bicuculline and picrotoxinin also depressed the GABA response in a manner expected from the combination of two "mixed" non-competitive antagonists. It was concluded that bicuculline (like picrotoxinin and picrotoxin) behaves as a "mixed" non-competitive rather than a pure non-competitive antagonist of GABA on lobster muscle. However bicuculline methochloride proved inactive on the lobster. Moreover, bicuculline itself became less effective in a more acidic solution (pH 5.6, where more of the protonated form would exist). An intracellular or intramembrane site of action of this antagonist was therefore postulated. PMID- 7215441 TI - Time course of chronic haloperidol and clozapine upon operant rate and duration. AB - Operant response rate and average response duration were recorded for two groups of six rats each responding under a FR 10 schedule of food reinforcement. Using a chronic dosing regime, the effects of haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) on operant performance were evaluated in one group 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 h after drug treatment. The other group received clozapine (5.0 mg/kg) 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 h before data collection. For both drugs time since injection produced significant effects on both rate and duration: rate increased and duration decreased as a function of time after injection. Haloperidol tended to have a greater lengthening effect upon response duration than did clozapine. In addition, changes in behavior as a function of time after haloperidol injection were observed to approximate previously published pharmacokinetic data for haloperidol administered according to dosing regimens similar to those used here. PMID- 7215442 TI - Kainate lesion dissociates striatal dopamine receptor radioligand binding sites. AB - Kainic acid lesion of rat striata reduces the specific dopamine receptor binding of the butyrophenone antagonist [3H]spiperone and the butyrophenone-like antagonist [3H]domperidone by 56% and 59% respectively. Significantly greater decreases in binding were observed with the agonist [3H]N-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) and the antagonist [3H]flupentixol which showed 79% and 73% losses of high affinity binding respectively. These data indicate that, in part, [3H]spiperone and [3H]domperidone label distinct dopamine receptors with different neuronal localizations from those labeled by [3H]flupentixol and [3H]NPA. Our data is consistent with the hypothesis that [3H]flupentixol and [3H]NPA bind preferentially to adenylate cyclase-linked dopamine (D1) receptors. PMID- 7215443 TI - Relaxation of isolated dog coronary artery induced by propranolol. AB - The effects of propranolol and atenolol on isolated dog coronary arteries contracted with potassium were investigated in vitro. Propranolol at high concentrations (3 x 10(-5)-10(-4) M) produced relaxations of the coronary arterial strips, which were restored or prevented by exogenous calcium ions. Atenolol (10(-5)-10(-4) M) never changed the tension of the strips. The results suggest that propranolol may inhibit the coronary arteries through its calcium antagonistic action. PMID- 7215444 TI - Selective killing of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus-infected cells by liposomes containing fragment A of diphtheria toxin. PMID- 7215445 TI - Polypeptide synthesis by mitoplasts isolated from mouse liver. PMID- 7215446 TI - Resonance energy transfer studies of the mechanisms of microclustering of lentil lectin membrane receptors on HeLa cells. PMID- 7215447 TI - Protein synthesis in interspecies hybrid embryos of the amphibian Xenopus. PMID- 7215448 TI - Isolation of myoblastic, fibro-adipogenic, and fibroblastic clonal cell lines from a common precursor and study of their requirements for growth and differentiation. PMID- 7215449 TI - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of clathrin in cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 7215450 TI - Developmental changes in glycopeptides synthesized by normal and dystrophic satellite cells in culture. PMID- 7215451 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of ovulated mouse oocytes following hyperthermic stress during meiotic maturation. PMID- 7215452 TI - A comparative study of fluid-phase and adsorptive endocytosis of horseradish peroxidase in lymphoid cells. PMID- 7215453 TI - The effect of amphotericin B on lectin-induced aggregation of cell surface receptors. PMID- 7215454 TI - Retinoic acid-induced differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. PMID- 7215456 TI - Decreased longevity of human diploid cells after incorporation of latex spheres within their cytoplasm. PMID- 7215457 TI - Morphological differentiation of murine neuroblastoma induced by liposomes. Lipid specificity and pathway of liposome uptake. PMID- 7215455 TI - Effect of potassium and lithium ions on protein synthesis in the sea urchin embryo. PMID- 7215458 TI - DNA synthesis in permeabilized karyoplasts from cytochalasin B-enucleated mouse L cells. PMID- 7215459 TI - Vertebrate-like tight junctions in the insect eye. PMID- 7215461 TI - Thymidine-dependent growth of Physarum polycephalum amoebae treated with methotrexate in axenic culture. PMID- 7215460 TI - Protoplasmic streaming during the cell cycle of Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 7215462 TI - The effect of catecholamines and their inhibitors on the solubilized adenylate cyclase activity of bovine retina. PMID- 7215463 TI - Impaired development of lens fibers in genetic microphthalmia, eye lens obsolescence, Elo, of the mouse. PMID- 7215464 TI - Changes of lysosomal enzymes in the ciliary epithelium by foreign bodies. PMID- 7215465 TI - Spatial density of catecholaminergic cells in the carp retina. PMID- 7215466 TI - Daily patterns of the retinal pigment epithelium. Microperoxisomes and phagosomes. PMID- 7215467 TI - Effects of monosodium glutamate on the isolated retina of the chick embryo as a function of age: a morphological study. PMID- 7215468 TI - [3H]taurine-accumulating neurons in the cat retina. PMID- 7215472 TI - Analysis of thymidine incorporation in the DNA of chick embryonic lens epithelium and fibers irradiated with ultraviolet light. PMID- 7215470 TI - Vitreous effects on scar tissue formation. PMID- 7215469 TI - A comparative study of human lens by light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7215471 TI - Effects of vitamin E on cortical cataractogenesis induced by elevated temperature in intact rat lenses in medium 199. PMID- 7215473 TI - Ultrastructural visualization of cellular carbohydrate components in rabbit lacrimal gland by means of concanavalin A. PMID- 7215474 TI - Age-dependence of collagen tail fiber breaking strength in Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats. PMID- 7215475 TI - Biological age and its estimation. I. Studies of some physiological parameters in albino rats and their validity as biological age tests. PMID- 7215476 TI - Aging of chick embryo fibroblasts in vitro--VI. Different aging patterns of population doubling rate and polyploidization. PMID- 7215477 TI - Age-related changes in endogenous respiration, respiration control ratio and malonate inhibition of oxygen consumption of liver homogenate of male garden lizards. PMID- 7215478 TI - Effect of age and dietary composition on aortic collagen to elastin ratio and on lipid metabolism in F-344 rat. PMID- 7215479 TI - Age related decrease in nuclear and nucleolar size in hypodermal cells of the rotifer. PMID- 7215480 TI - Alloxan-induced diabetes in young vs old Sprague-Dawley rats. PMID- 7215481 TI - The effect of hamster age on U.V.-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in freshly isolated lung and kidney cells. PMID- 7215482 TI - Age-changes in basic protein contents of liver and muscle of the fresh water teleost, Channa punctatus. PMID- 7215483 TI - A quantitative ultrastructural study of flight muscle in Musca domestica with experimentally lengthened lifespans. PMID- 7215486 TI - Responses of single cells in the medial geniculate body of awake squirrel monkeys. AB - Response properties of 142 medial geniculate (MGB) cells were investigated in the awake and undrugged squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Using Jordan's (1973) parcellation of this complex nucleus, cells were assigned to 3 major subdivisions a, b and c MGB and compared for their general characteristics and response properties. b MBG cells had significantly higher rates of spontaneous firing and longer latency periods than a and c MGB cells. With regard to responsiveness to various auditory stimuli, response patterns, and tuning characteristics, cells in all 3 subdivisions were statistically similar and were thus treated as one cell population. About 95% of the cells responded to broadband white noise, steady tone bursts and frequency modulated (FM) tones. Click activated only 69% of the responding cells. Various "through-stimulus" responses comprised about 80% of the responses. Among the tone-sensitive cells, 90% responded with complex patterns, out of which 50% were frequency-dependent. About 62% of the cells (for which tuning properties were determined) were quite broadly tuned (Q10dB less than 2) and had either single or multi-peaked response areas. The other 38% were quite narrowly tuned (Q10dB greater than 2) and had single-peaked, symmetrical or "tailed" response areas. Different inhibitory and excitatory response components of individual cells had different characteristic frequencies and response thresholds. The c MGB, which is tonotopically organized in a latero-medial orientation, appears to be homologous to the cat pars lateralis of the ventral MGB. The tonotopical organization of the b MGB, which is probably homologous to the cat's medial or magnocellular subdivision, is less clear. Most of the cells which were activated by FM tones disclosed "direction sensitivity" with different degrees of pattern complexity. It is suggested that pitch resolution in the MGB is based on spatio-temporal mechanisms. PMID- 7215484 TI - Restriction of visual experience to a single orientation affects the organization of orientation columns in cat visual cortex. A study with deoxyglucose. AB - In six dark reared, 4-weak-old kittens visual experience was restricted to contours of a single orientation, horizontal or vertical, using cylindrical lenses. Subsequently, the deoxyglucose method was used to determine whether these artificial raising conditions had affected the development of orientation columns in the visual cortex. After application of the deoxyglucose pulse one hemifield was stimulated with vertical, the other with horizontal contours. Thus, from interhemispheric comparison, changes in columnar systems corresponding to experienced and inexperienced orientations could be determined. The following results were obtained: (1) Irrespective of the restrictions in visual experience, orientation columns develop in areas 17, 18, 19 and in the visual areas of the posterior suprasylvian sulcus. (2) Within area 17, spacing between columns encoding the same orientations is remarkably regular (1 mm), is not influenced by selective experience and shows only slight interindividual variation. (3) In non striate areas the spacing of columns is less regular and the spatial frequency of the periodicity is lower. (4) The modifiability of this columnar pattern by selective experience is small within the granular layer of striate cortex but substantial in non-granular layers: Within layer IV columns whose preference corresponds to the experienced orientation are wider and more active than those encoding the orthogonal orientation but the columnar grid remains basically unaltered. Outside layer IV the columnar system is maintained only for columns encoding the experienced orientations. The deprived columns by contrast frequently fail to extend into non-granular layers and remain confined to the vicinity of layer IV. (5) These modifications in the columnar arrangement are more pronounced in striate cortex than in nonstriate visual areas and, within the former, more conspicuous in the central than in the peripheral representation of the visual field. It is concluded that within layer IV the blue print for the system of orientation columns is determined by genetic instructions: first order cells in layer IV develop orientation selectivity irrespective of experience whereby the preference for a particular orientation is predetermined by the position in the columnar grid. Dependent on experience is, however, the expansion of the columnar system from layer IV into non-granular layers. It is argued that all distortions following selective rearing can be accounted for by competitive interactions between intracortical pathways, the mechanisms being identical to those established for competitive processes in the domain of ocular dominance columns. It is proposed that such experience dependent modifiability of connections between first and second order cells is a necessary prerequisite for the development of orientation selectivity in cells with large and complex receptive fields. PMID- 7215485 TI - Responses to head tilt in cat eighth nerve afferents. AB - Responses to head tilt were recorded from eighth nerve axons in barbiturate anesthetized cats. The maximally excitatory head tilt (polarization vector), a zero-force discharge rate, and tilt sensitivity were measured for each cell. In one population of afferents, the maximum discharge frequency was obtained by aligning the saccular plane with gravity. The response properties of these saccular afferents were compared with a second population arising from the utriculus. Both the resting discharge rate and the response sensitivity were lower for saccular than utricular afferents in the cat. The average resting discharge was about 20% lower and the sensitivity about 15% higher in the cat than in the squirrel monkey. PMID- 7215487 TI - Widespread cortical projections of the ventral tegmental area and of other brain stem structures in the cat. AB - Thirty-three cat brains with injections of horseradish peroxidase in various regions of the cerebral cortex were screened for afferent projections from the ventral tegmental area, the locus ceruleus, and the parabrachial nuclei. All three structures were found to project to rather divergent parts of the cortex, including regions in the posterior half of the hemisphere. These results, especially for the ventral tegmental area and, to a lesser degree, for the parabrachial neurons, disagree with most of the target loci of established cortical afferents in the rat. Though our results might be attributed to species differences in the cortical innervation of brain stem structures, we prefer explanations which emphasize different densities in the distribution of brain stem afferents to the cortex, and/or which suggest different cortical targets of catecholaminergic and noncatecholaminergic neurons. PMID- 7215488 TI - Time-dependent decrease in the extent of visual deafferentation in the lateral geniculate nucleus of adult cats with small retinal lesions. AB - Small, round photocoagulator lesions of 3-6 degrees (0.6-1.2 mm) diameter were placed nasally on the retina of adult cats. Histological controls proved the complete destruction of all retinal layers within the lesions. Changes in lesion size by shrinkage of the retinal scar did not exceed 0.1 mm or 0.5 degrees. At different times after photocoagulation, single cells were recorded in layers A and A1 of the contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) with tungsten microelectrodes. Acute lesions of this size completely deafferented single LGN cells in layer A whose receptive field (RF) area was within the lesion. Thirty days and more after coagulation, light-excitable cells were detected in the originally deafferented LGN region, with RFs in the immediate surround of the retinal lesion. The spontaneous activity and light excitability of these neurons were altered. The representation of 3-4 degrees retinal lesions at 20 degrees horizontal eccentricity was found to be completely filled in by excitation in the LGN. Excitation had spread from the unsevered parts of the retina into the region of deafferentation. Single cells with signs of multiple activation from more than one border region of the retinal lesion were occasionally detected. PMID- 7215489 TI - Ocular dominance in striate cortex is altered by neonatal section of the posterior corpus callosum in the cat. AB - In adult cats that had previously undergone surgical section of the posterior corpus callosum at 13-18 days after birth, the striate cortex was examined using extracellular single unit recordings. The receptive fields of the cells examined were located from the vertical meridian to 39 degrees peripherally, and ranged from above to below the horizontal meridian. Cells were classified according to type (simple, complex), ocular dominance, receptive field size and location. Callosum sectioned cats had 53% of striate cells activated monocularly as compared to 25% for control cats. This increase in monocularly activated units primarily occurred for receptive fields in the paracentral region of the visual field, from 4-39 degrees. The age at which the neonatal surgery had occurred was correlated with the individual cat's proportion of monocularly activated cells. Therefore, the increase in monocular activation of striate units occurred within a large portion of the normal binocular visual field. This physiological change was partially predicted by a previous behavioral study showing a substantial loss in the extent of the binocular visual field following neonatal corpus callosum section (Elberger 1979). PMID- 7215491 TI - Development of responses to acoustic interaural intensity differences in the car inferior colliculus. AB - Responses of single neurones in the inferior colliculus of anesthetized adult cats and kittens were studied using best-frequency stimuli of varying interaural intensity differences (IID). Two broad classes of neurone, distinguished by the predominant type of input from each ear, were examined. One class of cells received predominantly excitatory input from each er (EE cells). The other class were excited by monaural stimulation of the contralateral ear and showed no response to monaural stimulation of the ipsilateral ear, but inhibition of the excitatory response by simultaneous ipsilateral stimulation (EI cells). Fourteen of the 18 adult EI cells showed marked changes in discharge rate with variation in IID. Adult EI cells showed low response variability and were insensitive to changes in average binaural intensity. In all cases of IID sensitivity, the onset component of the response was less sensitive to IID than the sustained component. Eight out of ten EE cells were insensitive to IID over the range tested. Cells of high best-frequency in kittens younger than 28 days showed irregular changes in discharge rate with variation in IID and wide response variability. Some low frequency EI cells in young kittens showed sensitivity to IID, but it is unlikely that these could be involved in sound localization as their frequency response was inappropriate. Many cells in kittens aged 31-40 days showed monotonic, adult like IID functions, but the response variability of these cells remained higher than that of adult cat neurones. These data provide evidence for a developmental change of binaural interaction in the cat. PMID- 7215490 TI - Simple and complex spike activities of Purkinje cells during locomotion in the cerebellar vermal zones of decerebrate cats. AB - In walking cats decerebrated at the premammillary level, single neurone activity of Purkinje cells (P-cells) with long corticofugal axons was recorded in the cerebellar vermis. The P-cells (N = 145) were identified as they showed spontaneous simple and complex spikes and also antidromic activation from Deiters' nucleus. These P-cells were classified into 6 groups according to the receptive fields of the climbing fibre responses (CFRs) which were evoked by electrical stimulation in each limb at the radial and sciatic nerve bundles. One group designated as forelimb units received the CFRs from both forelimbs and from neither hindlimb. According to previous studies, this group of P-cells is thought to make inhibitory connections with Deiters neurones projecting to the ipsilateral cervicothoracic spinal cord. For the forelimb units, two types of discharge patterns for simple spikes were found in relation to limb movements during locomotion. Type I cells showed one peak in their firing rate in the late swing (E1) or early stance (E2) phase of the ipsilateral forelimb. Type II cells showed two peaks and two valleys during one step cycle: one peak was in the E1 phase, the other in the late stance (E3) or early swing (F) phase; each of the two valleys followed the peak. Complex spikes of the forelimb units occurred more frequently in the E1 phase than during the other phases. The increased activity of simple and complex spikes of the forelimb units in the E2 phase is suggested to have a functional significance in preparing the appropriate floor reaction forces that appear upon touchdown on the ipsilateral forelimb. PMID- 7215492 TI - Vestibular nerve activity in the alert monkey during vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus. AB - Activity of vestibular nerve fibers and eye movements were recorded in the alert monkey during natural stimulation. The animal was rotated about a vertical axis in the dark with velocity trapezoids (vestibular), or a striped cylinder was rotated around the stationary monkey ()optokinetic), or these stimuli were combined. After velocity steps in the dark, neuronal activity declined with a dominant time constant of 5-6 s. The time constant of nystagmus recorded simultaneously was always longer, on average 23 s. Vestibular nerve activity was not influenced by optokinetic patterns or additional visual stimuli during combined visual-vestibular stimulation. Thus, in contrast to vestibular nuclei neurons, vestibular nerve activity in the alert monkey is only determined by head acceleration and cannot be related to the nystagmus response or visual stimuli. PMID- 7215493 TI - Orienting behavior by rats with visual cortical and subcortical lesions. AB - The effect of visual cortical and subcortical lesions on orienting behavior was assessed bu examining the rats' ability to interrupt an ongoing response and perform appropriate head and postural adjustments to repeatedly presented auditory or apparently moving visual stimuli. Large lesions of the entire superior colliculus (SC) or the deep layers of the SC did not result in visual agnosia or the inability to perform the motor responses involved in orienting. Rather, the orienting response simply ws not emitted to visual stimuli that the intact rat treated as less salient, but was to those it treated as more salient. Lesions of either the superficial layers of the SC or visual cortex also did not completely prevent orienting to very salient, apparently moving visual stimuli, but did produce changes in the number of responses made to such stimuli and in the occurrence of other components of orienting behavior. It was suggested that the SC and visual cortex play a modulatory role in orienting behavior and that stimulus characteristics must be considered in the development of neuronal models of orienting behavior. PMID- 7215494 TI - The primate visual system after bilateral removal of striate cortex. Survival of complex pattern vision. AB - This study examined the strategies used by monkeys lacking striate cortex to perform visual pattern discriminations. Complete bilateral removal of area 17 initially produced severe visual impairment with recovery of even rudimentary visual capacities (e. g., flux discrimination) dependent on gradually retraining the monkeys through a set of increasingly more complex pattern discriminations. After extended periods of postoperative testing, however, three of five monkeys lacking striate cortex were able to discriminate a number of complex visual patterns even when such local stimulus cues as amount of contour and number of elements were equal. Further testing demonstrated that these animals could distinguish a pattern's spatial organization. They were also able to transfer good performance to tasks with novel patterns. PMID- 7215496 TI - Simultaneous determination of directional tuning of complex cells in cat striate cortex for bar and for texture motion. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous determination of directional tuning of cat striate cortical complex cells for two dissimilar stimuli. Reliable pairs of tuning curves for typically four round-the-clock sequences of the two interleaved stimuli (direction stepped by 10 degrees) can be derived in approximately 10 min, including on-line plotting of data. Large numbers of comparisons are thus possible, including the evaluation of long-term fluctuations in cortical responsiveness. Assessment of over 300 pairs of directional tuning curves for motion bar and textured stimuli extends and entirely confirms earlier data. PMID- 7215495 TI - Eye and head movements to auditory targets. AB - Three adult female monkeys were trained to direct their gaze toward auditory targets. When the animals were free to move their heads about the vertical axis, this was accomplished with short-latency, coordinated eye-head movements reminiscent of responses to visual targets. The similarity of response to auditory and visual targets suggests a common motor program elicited by stimuli of different modalities. Since these modalities do not share the same reference system, this implies a remapping between the two reference systems. PMID- 7215497 TI - Oblique saccadic eye movements of the cat. AB - A quantitative study of saccadic eye movements in the cat was undertaken to attempt to account for the high degree of variability in the trajectory of feline saccades compared with the more stereotyped monkey saccades. Cats were trained to make oblique saccades so that a large variety of saccadic component amplitudes, maximum velocities, and durations could be obtained. The horizontal and vertical components of oblique saccades were either stretched or compressed, relative to equal amplitude movements without orthogonal components, so that the two components were nearly equal in duration. On average, the components began approximately synchronously but were more asynchronous in their termination times. Consistent with the stretching or compression of a saccadic component, there was the complementary decrease or increase respectively of its maximum velocity. The product of maximum velocity and duration was constant for saccades of a given size. Furthermore, the constant relating maximum velocity and duration was a linear function of saccade size. Therefore, any saccade size was uniquely determined by knowing both duration and maximum velocity while knowing either alone resulted in considerable ambiguity in specifying saccade size. In addition to uniquely specifying feline saccades with different degrees of obliquity, this two parameter description allowed us to fit not only the monkey data but data obtained from rabbit and human as well. Therefore, specification of both duration and maximum velocity might be a basic organizing principle of the neural mechanisms generating saccades in many species. PMID- 7215498 TI - Hippocampal function required for nonspatial working memory. AB - The hippocampus has been implicated as a brain structure necessary for normal memory functions and normal spatial behavior. Both these explanations are consistent with the results of previous experiments demonstrating an impairment of choice accuracy following fimbria-fornix lesions on an elevated radial arm maze because the test procedure required working memory and permitted cognitive mapping. In the present experiment, rats were tested in an enclosed radial arm maze in which each arm had a distinctive set of discriminative stimuli and the test procedure required working memory but prevented cognitive mapping. Rats were tested preoperatively, given fimbria-fornix lesions, and then tested postoperatively. The rats with lesions performed at chance levels and showed no evidence of recovery of function. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the poor choice accuracy in the elevated radial arm maze task arose because of the working memory requirements of that task, rather than its cognitive mapping characteristics, and support interpretations of hippocampal function that emphasize memory processing. PMID- 7215501 TI - Appearance of acid phosphatase in neonatal rat substantia gelatinosa. AB - The onset of acid phosphatase activity was observed in neonatal rat substantia gelatinosa using the Gomori method. Although acid phosphatase activity was not present at birth it appeared during the first day postnatally. By six to ten days postnatally enzyme activity appeared to reach its adult level. The activity was quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry which showed that acid phosphatase activity reached its adult level by 6 days postnatally. Acid phosphatase in the substantia gelatinosa is fluoride resistant from its first appearance. PMID- 7215499 TI - Morphology of synaptic vesicles in axo-dendritic and axo-somatic collateral terminals of two feline spinocervical tract cells stained intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase. AB - Synaptic vesicles in initial collateral terminals of two feline spinocervical tract cells have been investigated after intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase. A total of 5325 vesicles in 52 axodendritic and 26 axo-somatic terminals were analysed after aldehyde-osmium fixation. The greatest length and longest perpendicular width of each vesicle were measured, and the ratio and geometric mean of the diameters (gm-diameters) were calculated. The vesicles were divided into classes with round, elliptical and flat organelles. The variations in vesicle length, gm-diameter, and diameter ratio were statistically analysed by means of one- and two-way analyses of variance and t-tests. The diameter ratio, the length of round vesicles, and the gm-diameters of round and elliptical vesicles differed significantly between the cells. The length and gm-diameter of the elliptical vesicles differed significantly between the groups of axo dendritic and axo-somatic terminals of each cell. Round vesicles were significantly longer in the axo-somatic than in the axo-dendritic terminals of each cell, and the gm-diameter showed this relation for both round and elliptical vesicles. It is assumed that a one-size vesicle could not account for all the measured profiles. The variability of synaptic vesicles within and between the functionally similar cells emphasize the difficulties in using the morphology of synaptic vesicles for a discrimination of axon terminals of different origin. PMID- 7215502 TI - The dependence of response amplitude and variance of cat visual cortical neurones on stimulus contrast. AB - For neurones in the cat's striate cortex, we examined the dependence of response on the contrast of moving sinusoidal gratings. Most neurones showed a clear threshold contrast below which no response was elicited. Such thresholds presumably contribute to the animal's behavioural threshold, which should not be accounted for solely in terms of the detection of a signal in the presence of spontaneous "noise". Above threshold, the response amplitude usually increased linearly with contrast until it began to saturate at the highest contrasts. The variance of the response increased with its amplitude; this finding perhaps underlies the Weber-Fechner relation for psychophysical contrast discrimination. PMID- 7215503 TI - Asymmetries of vertical vestibular nystagmus in the cat. AB - In the cat, the asymmetry of vertical nystagmus in response to a rotation around the Y-axis has been characterized by measuring the beat frequency and gain of vestibulo-ocular reflexes in each direction (upward and downward). Sinusoidal variations of head velocity or velocity steps have been applied under three visual conditions (a) in darkness (pure vestibular stimulation); (b) in the light (mixed vestibular and optokinetic stimulation); (c) with a mirror placed in front of the animal; since the mirror image moved with the head, the animal was provided with a stable visual cue (stabilized vision). In all three conditions, beat frequency and gain were greater for downward than for upward nystagmus (the direction refers to that of the quick phase). In darkness, the characteristics of postrotatory nystagmus suggested a greater time constant for downward than for upward vestibulo-ocular reflexes. In the light, both stimuli acted synergistically. In stabilized vision, upward vestibular nystagmus was preferentially suppressed, suggesting an algebraic summation of the effects arising from both kinds of stimuli. PMID- 7215500 TI - Electrophysiological characteristics of hippocampal complex-spike cells and theta cells. AB - Stimulating electrodes were chronically implanted in the ventral hippocampal commissure and the entorhinal cortex or angular bundle of rats. Moveable metal microelectrodes which could be passed through the hippocampus were implanted. All hippocampal units were classified s complex-spike cells or theta cells on the basis of the form of their action potentials and their rates of firing in various behaviors. Field potentials and unit firing evoked from the stimulating electrodes were recorded during slow wave sleep. Complex-spike cells (1) could often be antidromically activated in CA3 (it was not attempted in CA1); (2) could only be induced to fire one or two action potentials in response to a single stimulus; (3) had action potentials at the same time as the local population spike and, in condition-test studies, were depressed when the population-spike was depressed. (The population-spike is presumably the summed synchronous action potentials of pyramidal cells.) Theta cells: (1) were antidromically activated in only one out of 25 cases; (2) usually could fire long bursts of action potentials in response to a sufficiently intense single stimulus; (3) this firing occurred before, during, and after the local orthodromic population-spike. Most complex spike cells in Ammon's horn must be pyramidal cells (projection cells), and vice versa. The case for theta cells is more difficult. Some are non-pyramidal cells with locally ramifying axons, but at least some are projection cells. The data is consistent with most of them being inhibitory interneurons, but this is not established. PMID- 7215504 TI - Organization of the retinofugal fibers to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of Pteropus giganteus. AB - The projection of the retina to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus was studied following unilateral enucleations and intraocular injections of tritiated proline in the fruit bat, Pteropus giganteus. Three cell laminae (lamina 1, 2, 3) were identified in Nissl preparations. Input from the two eyes to the laminae was partially overlapping and segregated. At levels where th input was clearly segregated the input from the contralateral eye ended in the outer portions of the three laminae while the input to the laminae from the ipsilateral eye ended along the medial edge of the optic tract (lamina S) and the inner portions of the three laminae. These results indicate that the organization of the projection is similar to that described in other mammals, i.e., the terminals of input fibers from the retina form concealed terminal laminae and they are to some degree segregated to specific terminal zones within laminae. PMID- 7215505 TI - Selection of visual targets activates prelunate cortical cells in trained rhesus monkey. AB - Cells in monkey prelunate association cortex display an enhanced visual activity after the onset of a stimulus in the receptive field, when the stimulus is simultaneously selected as a target for a saccadic eye movement. In the present study we observed a separate activation which is independent of the passive visual on-response and occurs in a given cell when the animal saccades to a steady stimulus in its receptive field. The activation begins when the stimulus is selected for foveation before the eye actually moves, but is not necessarily predictive for an eye movement. PMID- 7215507 TI - Activity of Renshaw cells during fictive scratch reflex in the cat. PMID- 7215506 TI - Modification of parietal association cortex and functional blindness after binocular deprivation in young monkeys. PMID- 7215508 TI - Evidence that the depolarization of glial cells by inhibitory amino acids is caused by an efflux of K+ from neurones. AB - The action of inhibitory amino acid transmitters GABA, glycine, beta-alanine and taurine has been studied on the membrane potential of cultured astrocytes and on the extracellular K+-concentration ([K+]0) using K+-sensitive microelectrodes. All four amino acids caused a depolarization of glial cells and an increase of [K+]0. The effects produced by GABA were usually more pronounced than those caused by the other amino acids. Simultaneous recordings of the action of GABA and glycine on the glial membrane potential and on [K+]0 usually revealed a good correlation in time course, but often there were differences between the amplitudes of glial depolarizations and the values calculated from the [K+]0 increase. 4-Aminopyridine, which blocks K+-conductance of excitable membranes, reversibly abolished both the glial depolarization and the [K+]0 increased produced by GABA and glycine. From these results it is concluded that unlike neurones, glial cells do not have receptors for these amino acid transmitters and that their action on glial cells is caused by the efflux of K+ from activated neurones. PMID- 7215509 TI - Spontaneous activity in perfused hypothalamic slices: dependence on calcium content of perfusate. AB - We have established a totally-immersed, perfused slice preparation of the hypothalamus which is amenable for electrophysiological and pharmacological studies. The amount and pattern of spontaneous activity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is markedly influenced by varying the amount of Ca++ in the oxygenated physiological medium which continuously perfuses the slice over both upper and lower surfaces. Ca++ concentrations greater than 1 mM virtually abolish spontaneous activity, although the neurons discharge in response to advance of the electrode and are activated by addition of glutamate to the perfusate. However, in a perfusing medium containing 0.75 mM Ca++, most cells display 1-7 Hz spontaneous activity for up to 10 h; some cells display phasic activity similar to that attributed to vasopressin neurons in vivo. Electrical stimulation peripheral to the PVN elicits antidromic potentials in some PVN neurons, sometimes followed by a post-activation depression of activity typical of recurrent inhibition. Under appropriate perfusion conditions, therefore, the hypothalamic slice preparation displays characteristics of the in vivo hypothalamus. PMID- 7215511 TI - Effects of unilateral superior colliculus ablation on oculomotor and vestibulo ocular responses in the cat. AB - 1. Unilateral lesions of the superior colliculus were made in normal cats. Following the operation, animals exhibited a typical neglect for contralateral visual space and forced circling toward the ipsilateral side. Optokinetic nystagmus was decreased for a stimulus moving toward the ipsilateral side, particularly in the temporal-to-nasal direction when the eye contralateral to the lesion was stimulated alone. -- 2. When tested in the dark, animals exhibited a strong imbalance of their vestibulo-ocular responses (VOR) to velocity steps or to sinusoidal oscillations. Rotation of the animal toward the ipsilateral side produced a VOR with a higher gain, and a shorter phase-lead than in pre-operative controls. VOR was decreased in the opposite direction to a smaller extent, however, the overall asymmetry between the two sides at the post-operative stage was about 40%. -- 3. In two animals, spontaneous nystagmus was present in the dark with the fast phase toward the ipsilateral side. -- 4. Visual suppression of VOR was abolished during ipsiversive rotation and was still present during contraversive rotation. -- 5. The effects of unilateral colliculectomy on VOR were transient. Spontaneous nystagmus disappeared in 3 days. VOR asymmetry in the dark was no longer present after 2-3 weeks. Loss of visual VOR suppression persisted for a few more days. -- 6. Superior colliculus exerts a tonic control on static and dynamic components of VOR. This control may mediate part of VOR visual modulation and provide a substitutive input for compensation of pathological VOR asymmetry. PMID- 7215510 TI - The postnatal development of somatosensory callosal connections after partial lesions of somatosensory areas. AB - The distribution of S1 (first somatosensory area) and S2 (second somatosensory area) neurons projecting to the contralateral S2 was studied with horseradish peroxidase in normal adult cats and in cats aged between 129 and 248 days in which the injected S2 area had been deprived of some of its input by an earlier lesion (on postnatal days 3 to 30; day of birth = day 1) of ipsilateral S1, alone or combined with a lesion of contralateral S2. In animals with S1 lesions, as in the normal controls, labeled neurons were selectively distributed to the regions of the trunk representation and to parts of the forelimb and hindlimb representations; however, the normally acallosal region in the forepaw representation contained scattered labeled neurons in three of the four animals whose S1 had been lesioned during the first postnatal week. In these animals, the distribution of labeled neurons in the contralateral S2 was apparently normal. Furthermore, the additional lesion of this area during the first postnatal week (one animal) did not increase the degree of filling-in of the normally acallosal parts of S1. The partial filling-in of the acallosal parts of S1 is probably due to the preservation to adulthood of some of the callosal neurons which are present in these regions during the early postnatal life. Possibly, these neurons did not disappear (or lose their callosal axons) because the neonatal lesion (i) allowed their successful competition for terminal space in contralateral S2 or (ii) induced a reorganization of the peripheral input to this area. PMID- 7215514 TI - Receptive field organization of complex cells in cat striate cortex. PMID- 7215513 TI - Receptive field organization of simple cells in cat striate cortex. AB - The receptive field organization of simple cells was studied by analyzing interaction effects between two stationary flashing light stimuli. One stimulus was positioned in the most responsive part of the receptive field to produce activity against which the effects of the other stimulus in various positions of the visual field could be determined. The receptive field was subdivided into an elongated center and elongated antagonistic flanks. The effects on the flanks were always considerably stronger on one side. Powerful flank suppression could be elicited within a region which usually was only slightly wider than the receptive field center. The suppression was just as stimulus specific as the activation of the center and occurred only by light ON or OFF. The cells were classified into ON-dominant and OFF-dominant depending on the kind of response found in the center. In ON-dominant cells the strong flank suppression occurred only by light ON, and light OFF produced enhancement. Correspondingly, the strong flank suppression occurred only by light OFF in OFF-dominant cells. This is consistent with the interpretation that simple cells have excitatory and inhibitory input from the same type of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), i.e., only from ON-center or OFF-center cells. The small size of the area where strong flank suppression occurred shows that inhibition comes fom a few LGN cells rather than from a large pool of cells. A model for simple cell receptive fields presuming overlapping but acentric excitatory and inhibitory fields with input to both fields frm either ON- or OFF-center LGN cells was tested by computer simulation and shown to fit the experimental data. PMID- 7215512 TI - Anatomical correlates of return of locomotor function after partial spinal cord lesions in cats. AB - We trained cats to walk on a moving treadmill belt, then subjected them to partial transverse sections of the thoracic spinal cord. Afterwards, we observed their ability to walk on the treadmill, over a period of several weeks, using gait analysis techniques to describe the resultant deficits. The extent of the lesions was verified histologically, and the identity of the spared descending axons from the brain stem was demonstrated by retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase. We found that significant sparing or recovery of hindlimb locomotor function is closely linked to sparing of axons in at least one ventrolateral quadrant of the cord. The essential elements probably belong to vestibulospinal and reticulospinal systems. PMID- 7215516 TI - Contraceptive use among family planning clinic personnel. PMID- 7215515 TI - The nurse practitioner in Planned Parenthood clinics. PMID- 7215517 TI - Abortion facilities and the risk of death. AB - While the number of abortions performed annually in the United States has increased steadily since 1969, the proportion of abortions performed in hospitals has been declining since 1975. Between 1974 and 1977, 1,229,000 abortions were performed at 12 or fewer weeks' gestation in U.S. hospitals, while 2,730,000 were performed in free-standing clinics and doctors' offices. Over the same period, there were 19 deaths which resulted from in-hospital procedures, and 17 from abortions performed in nonhospital facilities. The crude death-to-case rate are 1.5 deaths per 100,000 procedures for hospital abortions, and 0.6 deaths per 100,000 abortions performed in nonhospital facilities. When these rates are adjusted for the presence of preexisting medical conditions and for the concurrent performance of sterilizations, the death-to-case rates for first trimester abortions performed in both kinds of facilities were about 0.7. PMID- 7215519 TI - Contraceptive research. PMID- 7215518 TI - Children born to women denied abortion: an update. PMID- 7215520 TI - Schizophrenia and familial communication: a brief note on follow-up studies and replications. PMID- 7215521 TI - Privileged communication in therapy: special problems for the family and couples therapist. AB - Misconceptions concerning the existence and scope of the legal privilege for communications in therapy are considered. Basic limitations on the protection afforded by the privilege are treated, as are some major specific exceptions and waivers, particularly as they raise special difficulties for the therapist who works with groups, couples and families. Practical suggestions for the therapist and directions for policymaking by the helping professions are presented. PMID- 7215522 TI - Mother and daughter--an epitaph. PMID- 7215523 TI - Some irreverent thoughts on paradox. AB - There is currently great interest in the use of paradox in psychotherapy. Unfortunately, there is also considerable confusion and misunderstanding of paradox, owing, in part, to the lack of a comprehensive theory that explains the role of paradox in human problems. This paper does not address itself to such theory but explores some cultural and epistemological components of therapists' misperceptions and misattributions of "paradox." PMID- 7215524 TI - Living in with normal families. PMID- 7215525 TI - With onions and tears: a multidimensional analysis of a counter-ritual. AB - "Family rituals" and "family myths" are useful concepts for understanding some of the behavior of disturbed families and hence for planning therapeutic interventions. A case of a family of a schizophrenic patient is described in which a "counter-ritual" involving onion-peeling to induce tearing was invented. The intervention addressed the family's inappropriate laughter and denial of sadness and seemed to lead to therapeutic gains for the identified patient and the family. This counter-ritual, as an indirect affect-inducing experience, is analyzed from a variety of perspectives and a partial parallel is drawn to an Iranian cultural ritual. A suggestion is made that more light may be shed on the mechanisms and structures of myths and rituals in families by drawing on studies of myths and rituals in ethnography. "Counter-ritual"is offered as a general concept for a type of active family intervention that involves inventing and employing rituals antithetical to pathological ones engaged in by some families. PMID- 7215526 TI - In pursuit of sisterhood: adult siblings as a resource for combined individual and family therapy. AB - Therapists traditionally view brothers and sisters as rivalrous and self-seeking. Under carefully arranged conditions, however, siblings can learn to cooperate with each other to resolve important conflicts in family relationships. This case documents a dramatic change in the relationship between a 29-year-old woman and her father, the outcome of a three-step therapeutic intervention in which sibling dynamics were selectively used by the psychotherapist. As part of her individual therapy, the therapist first aroused the woman's discontent with her status as the neglected "baby of the family." Next, a series of meetings were held with the woman and her three sisters that permitted resolution of their previous anger and misunderstandings, thus helping them to become a more cohesive group of sisters. The third step brought the sisters, now as allies both of the identified patient and of the therapist, into a constructive confrontation with the parents. This resulted in lasting personal change for the identified patient and improved relationships throughout the entire family. PMID- 7215527 TI - The effect of ceruletide on arterial blood pressure and heart rate: a double blind controlled study in normal volunteers. PMID- 7215528 TI - [Doses of radioprotective agents used in trials of radioprotection: apropos of imidazole and naphazoline]. PMID- 7215530 TI - [Observations on the mechanical resistance of neutral glass vials in the lyophilization process]. PMID- 7215529 TI - [Determination and assay of ethyelenethiourea in grapes and wine]. PMID- 7215531 TI - Quantitative analysis of ceruletide in the drug substance and in the pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7215534 TI - Determination of bergapten in suntan cosmetics. PMID- 7215533 TI - [Effects of fructose 1,6-diphosphate, administered by continuous IV infusion, in the rat and rabbit]. PMID- 7215532 TI - Influence of test apparatus on the assessment of dissolution rates of caroxazone capsules. PMID- 7215535 TI - [Extraneous particle contamination in injectable solutions. Proposed Italian standard]. PMID- 7215536 TI - [Assay of N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) residues in ampicillin using HPLC]. PMID- 7215537 TI - [A method for studying expectorant activity especially in small animals]. PMID- 7215539 TI - Incorporation of isomeric octadecenoic acids into alk-1-enyl moieties of cardiac glycerophospholipids of the rat. PMID- 7215538 TI - Complexity of polysomal poly(A)RNA in different developmental stages of a non differentiating neuroblastoma clone. PMID- 7215540 TI - Opioid peptide precursors in striatum. PMID- 7215543 TI - Characterization of an avian gastric (proventricular) peptide having sequence homology with the porcine gastrin-releasing peptide and the amphibian peptides bombesin and alytesin. PMID- 7215541 TI - Properties of a semiquinone anion located in the QH2:cytochrome c oxidoreductase segment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. PMID- 7215542 TI - Selective alkylation of poly(A) tracts of RNA inside the cell with the derivative of ethyl ester of oligothymidilate bearing 2-chloroethylamino group. PMID- 7215544 TI - Evidence from cross-linking and rotational diffusion studies that cytochrome P450 can from molecular aggregates in rabbit-liver microsomal membranes. PMID- 7215545 TI - Effects of charged cholesteryl esters on mycoplasma growth. PMID- 7215546 TI - A rapid method for the preparation of sarcolemmal vesicles from rat aorta, and the stimulation of calcium uptake into the vesicles by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. PMID- 7215547 TI - Acrylamide fluorescence quenching studies on skeletal and cardiac troponins. PMID- 7215548 TI - Two kinds of slow skeletal muscle fibers which differ in their myosin light chain complements. PMID- 7215549 TI - Interactions of pancreatic colipase with taurodeoxycholate--oleate mixtures above the critical micelle concentration. PMID- 7215550 TI - The redox potential for dimethyl sulphoxide reduction to dimethyl sulphide: evaluation and biochemical implications. PMID- 7215551 TI - Relation of Arrhenius discontinuities of NADH dehydrogenase to change in membrane lipid fluidity of Bacillus caldotenax. PMID- 7215552 TI - Localisation of phospholipase A2 and diglyceride lipase activities in human platelet intracellular membranes. PMID- 7215553 TI - Glycerol-3-phosphate content and triacylglycerol synthesis in isolated hepatocytes from fed and starved rats. PMID- 7215554 TI - Decreased UDP-glucuronic acid in rat liver after ether narcosis: an isotachophoretic study. PMID- 7215555 TI - Cell cycle dependent change in the endogenous phosphorylation of nucleolar proteins of Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 7215557 TI - Fidelity of protein synthesis affects the readthrough translation of tobacco mosaic virus RNA. PMID- 7215556 TI - Methylation of CpG sequences in eukaryotic DNA. PMID- 7215559 TI - Retinal rod outer segment lipids form bilayers in the presence and absence of rhodopsin: a 31P NMR study. PMID- 7215560 TI - Immunoregulatory aspects of parasitic infections. PMID- 7215558 TI - In vitro activation of DNA polymerase-alpha by a protein kinase in chick embryo. PMID- 7215561 TI - Lysosome enlargement in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. AB - The Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is characterized by the occurrence of large inclusions in granulocytes and other cells. Analogs of the human disease are known in several species. Severity of clinical manifestations and extent of neutrophil alteration correlate closely and decrease in the order: man, mink, and mouse. The megabodies in granulocytes of Aleutian mink with CHS represent abnormal primary lysosomes that develop through fusion between stored lysosomal granules. The CHS alteration in mink affects azurophil granules of neutrophils more severely than the granules of eosinophils or basophils and spares specific granules of neutrophils. Several other types of cells exhibit megabodies that apparently cause little or no dysfunction in beige mice showing the CHS defect. Mast cells in these mice contain enlarged storage lysosomes, and Type II pneumocytes and gastric chief cells show enlarged secretory granules. Gastric chief cells, parietal cells, and hepatocytes enclose hypertrophied secondary lysosomes that function in autophagy whereas proximal renal tubules and cultured fibroblasts display hypertrophic secondary lysosomes of heterophagic nature. The cell distribution of megabodies in beige mice suggests they result from increased fusion between organelles delimited by membranes adapted to sequestration of hydrolytic enzymes. PMID- 7215563 TI - Genetic screening for donors in artificial insemination. PMID- 7215564 TI - Late tubal patency following tubal ligation. AB - Hysterosalpingography (HSG), performed in the first 3 months after tubal ligation, has demonstrated a 1% to 2% incidence of tubal patency when initial operative errors have been excluded. In a group of 54 women, HSG was performed a mean of 4.8 years following sterilization; 9 women (16.7%) demonstrated spillage which was confirmed at laparoscopy in 7 of 8 women operated upon. No cases were due to initial surgical error. Delayed acquisition of tubal patency may explain late failure of tubal ligation, and the abnormal tubal lumen formed may be responsible for the increased percentage of ectopic pregnancies observed among sterilization failures. Ectopic pregnancy must be strongly considered in any failure of tubal ligation. In investigating the proximal tubal segment prior to consideration for tubal reconstruction, the possibility of a pre-existing or an iatrogenically formed fistula must be recalled which may predispose the patient to ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7215565 TI - The collection of human oocytes for in vitro fertilization. I. An instrument for maximizing oocyte recovery rate. AB - An instrument has been devised specifically for the collection of mature oocytes of laparoscopy for the purpose of in vitro fertilization. The instrument was evaluated and the oocytes recovery rate was compared with that obtained with two other instruments, which had been in use previously, in a controlled trial over the same period of time. It was found that the newly devised instrument resulted in the recovery of all of the oocytes from 17 follicles in which aspiration was attempted. The oocytes recovery rate was significantly better with this instrument than with either of the two instrument previously used. It was also apparent that the finer-bore needle of the two instruments previously used was more effective for oocytes recovery. The new instrument is now in routine use for oocyte collection. PMID- 7215562 TI - Quantitative aspects of theoretical immunology. Introduction. PMID- 7215566 TI - The secretion of hormones during the culture of human preimplantation embryos with corona cells. AB - Following in vitro fertilization of human preovulatory oocytes from spontaneously ovulating women, determinations were made of the secretion into the culture medium of progesterone, estradiol, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and the prostaglandins (PG) E2 and F2 alpha, over a 3- to 4-day period of embryo development. It was found that the corona cells associated with the egg could account, between days 2 and 3, for a mean daily secretion of 50 ng of progesterone and approximately 100 pg of estradiol, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha, respectively. Mechanical removal of the corona cells after about 48 hours for the examination of the egg for cleavage reduced the mean amount of progesterone produced on day 3 to 2 ng, and a concomitant decrease in estradiol. PGE2, and PGF2 alpha was observed. Steroid secretion could be restored on day 3 to more than 50% of that secreted on day 2 by returning some detached corona cells to the culture medium containing the embryo. hCG was not detected (less than 2 mIU/ml) in the culture medium at any stage of embryo culture over the 3- to 4-day period. PMID- 7215567 TI - Frequent occurrence of multiovular follicles and multinuclear oocytes in the adult human ovary. AB - A study of 117 ovaries of adult women showed that multiovular follicles and multinuclear oocytes are found in 98% of 18- to 52-year-old women. The relative frequency of these follicles was not age-dependent and varied between 0.06% and 2.44% of the total follicular population of the ovary. Their frequency was unaffected by gonadotropic hormones, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, or day of the menstrual cycle. Young women with benign cystic teratomas did not have more multinuclear oocytes and multiovular follicles than did other patients. The probability that such follicles will ovulate is very low; therefore they could not be a significant cause of the birth of dizygotic twins or the appearance of triploidy. PMID- 7215568 TI - The relationship of the corpus luteum and the endometrium in infertile patients. AB - A group of 50 females undergoing an infertility work-up had measurements of serum progesterone levels in all cases, endometrial sampling in 49, and biopsy of a grossly identifiable corpus luteum in 42 cases. Of the 41 cases with three parameters available for study, 39 had correlations of all three parameters. The remaining nine cases had two of three parameters available for study. Of these, three showed a secretory endometrium but absent corpus luteum and an anovulatory progesterone level, and a patient showing a proliferative-phase endometrium at the same time had an ovulatory progesterone level and a postovulatory corpus luteum. The evidence presented suggests that, among the three parameters tested, the progesterone level as a noninvasive procedure serves as a good index of ovulation 92% of the time, and occasionally endometrial histologic sampling does not necessarily reflect ovarian function. PMID- 7215569 TI - Intravaginal administration of progesterone: enhanced absorption after estrogen treatment. AB - A progesterone solution was administered by intravaginal instillation, intramuscular injection, and sublingually to estrogen-deficient women, with or without estradiol (E2) replacement, and serum progesterone (P) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Intravaginal application to postmenopausal subjects receiving E2 gave the highest values of serum P: 10 times baseline at 15 minutes and 30 to 40 times at 1 to 2 hours, with sustained levels, for 7 hours and decline to 10 times baseline at 24 hours. Intravaginal application to hypoestrogenic women gave similar results, but of much lower magnitude (highest value, 20 times baseline). Intramuscular injection, in contradistinction, showed gradually increasing levels over the study period, up to 30 times basal values at 24 hours. It contrast, sublingual application produced very modest serum increases, to approximately 10 times baseline within 2 hours and return to basal value at 24 hours. Since the most rapid and highest levels were observed by vaginal application to postmenopausal women receiving estrogen, and considering that the vagina has been similarly shown to be very effective for estrogen absorption, it is conceived that full hormone replacement could be accomplished in the deficient states by cyclic vaginal application of both steroids. PMID- 7215570 TI - Factors affecting sperm motility. V. Washing and resuspension of human spermatozoa in various artificial media. AB - Fresh semen specimens from fertile donors were subjected to one-step and two-step washings in six various commonly used artificial media. It was found that washing procedures per se, in most cases, had an immediate and extended harmful effect on sperm motility which was much more prominent after the second washing. However, human albumin, when added, could usually protect spermatozoa from this deleterious effect. None of the tested media showed any stimulatory or "revitalization" effect, and the increase in sperm velocity after one washing in some of these media was attributed to a simple decrease in viscosity of the original seminal fluid. The possible mechanism of the deleterious effect of sperm washings as related to the property of the medium and some implications for practical clinical and research studies are discussed. PMID- 7215571 TI - Microsurgical vasovasostomy: immunologic consequences and subsequent fertility. AB - Fifty-five men have undergone microsurgical vasovasostomy with at least a 1-year follow-up. Serum samples from these men were obtained in the preoperative and postoperative periods, and titers of agglutinating and immobilizing antibodies were measured and evaluated in relationship to subsequent fertility. Of the 35 patients in whom adequate serum and semen samples were obtained over a period of 1 year, 17 men proved their fertility and 18 patients in the allotted time span had not yet fathered any children. No statistically significant difference in the level of antibody titers could be found between the fertile group and the infertile group. Seminal antibody titers were determined in 25 men. Five of these men have thus for impregnated their wives. Only a small number of men were found to have positive titers for agglutinating and/or immobilizing antibodies in their semen. The presence or absence of spermagglutinating and/or sperm-immobilizing antibodies in the sera of men who have undergone vasectomy reversal does not seem to interfere with subsequent fertility. PMID- 7215572 TI - Relationship between semen quality and human sperm penetration of zona-free hamster ova. AB - Spermatozoa from 22 presumably fertile donors and from the male partners of 43 infertile couples were evaluated for their ability to fertilize zona pellucida free hamster ova. All "fertile" donors gave positive results ion the interspecies in vitro fertilization test; 26% of the male partners (patients) gave negative results. Correlations of in vitro fertilization rates and standard semen analysis results indicate that, except for extremely low semen values, sperm fertilizing capacity in vitro could not be predicted accurately from ejaculate sperm number, motility, or morphology. Sperm motility evaluation agreed better with in vitro fertilization test results than did either sperm number or morphology; however, 9 of 31 patients (29%) with normal sperm motility in the ejaculate were judged subfertile in vitro. Also, although higher in vitro fertilization rates were related to greater numbers of normal parameters in a semen sample, 8 of 25 male patients (32%) appraised as "normal" according to the usual semen analysis yielded below-normal in vitro fertilization results. These results support the idea that deficient sperm fertilizing capacity often is a characteristic of poor quality semen. However, deficiencies in fertilizing capacity also were observed in patient semen samples with excellent properties. Therefore, the interspecies in vitro fertilization test might be useful as an additional tool in clinical investigations of the fertility of the male partners of childless couples, particularly in cases in which infertility continues for no readily apparent reason. PMID- 7215574 TI - Bromocriptine stimulates testosterone production by mouse testes in vitro. AB - The production of testosterone (T) by decapsulated mouse testes in vitro was significantly stimulated by 2-Br-alpha-ergocriptine (bromocriptine) at concentrations ranging from 1 ng/ml to 5 microgram/ml. In the presence of a low dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), bromocriptine produced a further increase in T production, whereas in the presence of a high concentration of hCG it was ineffective. It is suggested that a direct stimulatory effect of bromocriptine on testicular steroidogenesis may contribute to its therapeutic effects in hyperprolactinemic men. PMID- 7215573 TI - Danazol suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion: a role for danazol-androgen receptor interaction within the brain-pituitary complex. AB - We investigated the relationship between intracellular androgen and estrogen receptors within the brain-pituitary complex and danazol suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion in castrated rats. Danazol did not influence 3H estradiol-estrogen receptor interactions within the brain and pituitary but did suppress 3H-dihydrotestosterone-androgen receptor interactions within this neuroendocrine complex. To study the significance of these danazol-androgen receptor interactions, the drug was administered to androgen receptor-deficient pseudohermaphrodite or flutamide-treated male rats. In both instances, danazol suppression of luteinizing hormone release was markedly attenuated or absent. These findings point to danazol-androgen receptor interactions within the brain pituitary complex as a key step in this drug's antigonadotropic actions. Whether the active drug form is danazol itself or a metabolite is subject to further study. PMID- 7215575 TI - Pregnancy in mosaic Turner patients: case report and a guide to reproductive counseling. PMID- 7215576 TI - Effects of hyperprolactinemia and bromocriptine on the human endometrium. PMID- 7215577 TI - Suppressed ovulatory function and oviductal microsurgery in the rabbit. PMID- 7215579 TI - [Physiological science on the eve of the 26th Party Congress]. PMID- 7215578 TI - Sperm motility. PMID- 7215580 TI - [Effect of the characteristics of indwelling intracerebral gold electrodes on the recording of physiological indices of the brain]. AB - The paper presents results of measuring the electric impedance of an electrolyte solution and cerebral tissue on changes of parameters of the impulse current and contact surface of gold electrodes. During application of DC to cerebral deep structures distant steady potential shifts occurred in the brain regarded as a volume conductor. The polarization properties of the gold indwelled electrodes were estimated under these conditions. PMID- 7215582 TI - [Analysis of current source density in the superior colliculi of cats in response to punctate visual stimulation]. AB - The EPs in the cat superior colliculus to the punctiform light stimulation were of negative polarity and did not show the potential reversion. The region of EP recording was from 0.1 to 0.9 mm (stratum griseum superficiale). The field potential profile was subjected to the current source density analysis to determine the location and sequence of the current sources and sinks after punctiform light stimulation. The earliest current sink was observed at the depth 0.6--0.8 mm, the later and the most prominent local one--at 0.2--0.3 mm. The EPs to punctiform light stimuli seem to indicate more precisely the location of afferent synapses. PMID- 7215581 TI - [Orthodromic activation of neurons of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus of cats induced by stimulation of pontine nuclei]. AB - Activity of fastigial neurons evoked by stimulation of pontine relay nuclei and sensorimotor region of the cerebral cortex was recorded intracellularly in anaesthetized cats. Orthodromic excitation and inhibition (rarely) occurred both in efferent and intranuclear neurons irrespective of their localization within the nucleus or the level of their background activity. The excitation occurred as single or repeated APs or synaptic depolarization of axodendritic type (slow EPSP or fast prepotentials). Latencies of monosynaptic activation of neurons imply afferent conduction via "fast" and mainly "slow" pontine fibers. Similarities in synaptic organization of cortico-pontine and ponto-fastigial projections as well as features of neurons activation described in literature and obtained in present study suggest common mechanisms of functioning for these links of cortico-ponto fastigial system of the cat. PMID- 7215583 TI - [Effect of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus on the organization of the visual input into the sensomotor region of the cortex]. PMID- 7215584 TI - [Optical illusions arising during perception of moving patterns]. PMID- 7215585 TI - [Changes in sympathetic activity in the renal and splenic nerves upon stimulation of bulbar nuclei during hypoxic hypoxia]. AB - Microinjections of acetylcholine into the cat ventral reticular nucleus and nucleus of tractus solitarii in acute hypoxic hypoxia induce much lesser changes of efferent activity in renal and splenic nerves than in normoxia. Stimulation of the ventral reticular nucleus in hypoxia induces more obvious shifts of the efferent nerve activity than stimulation of the tractus solitarius nucleus. Bulbar reflex influences on cat's renal vascular bed are much more reduced in hypoxia than on the splenic one. PMID- 7215586 TI - [Role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system in regulating blood coagulation and fibrinolysis following intravenous injection of thrombin]. AB - Cats with partial inactivation of the parasympathetic portion of the vegetative nervous system, after injection of thrombin developed hypocoagulation, the amount of their natural anticoagulants increased as well as their fibrinolysis more obviously than in intact animals. The parasympathetic portion of the vegetative nervous system seems not to play a major role in the mechanism of secondary hypocoagulation after thrombin administration. PMID- 7215587 TI - [Role of medullary nuclei and the vagus nerve in hypothalamic regulation of the anticoagulant system]. AB - Electric stimulation of the anterior and rostral parts of the lateral hypothalamus induced activation of the medulla oblongata n. ambiguus and did not change the activity of the vagus n. gigantocellularis and n. dorsalis. Thrombin administration induced maximal activity in the nn. vagi within 3--5 min and the maximal hypocoagulation during the same time in the blood. A scheme of efferent pathways for the hypothalamic regulation of the anticoagulating system, is suggested. PMID- 7215588 TI - [Experimental data on the topography of the acid-forming and neutralizing zones of the stomach]. AB - In dogs with pH-electrodes indwelled in different portions of the stomach and duodenum, the zone of maximal hydrochloric acid formation was found in the angle area of the minor curvature. The bottom area of the stomach also revealed a high acid-forming function. The intrastomach milieu on the major curvature from the body till antral portion revealed a significantly lesser acidity. The pyloric glands of the antral portion produce a weakly alkaline secret neutralizing the secret of acid-forming zone. The borders of the neutralizing zone on the stomach minor curvature are variable. PMID- 7215589 TI - [Relationship between the concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, and motilin in blood plasma in pancreatic atrophy]. AB - The results suggest that in the pancreatic atrophy the interrelations of gastrointestinal hormones are changed. These changes may be involved in the maintenance of the relatively high hormonal responses to feeding in the pancreatic atrophy. PMID- 7215590 TI - [Phasic action of inhibitors of transmembrane amino acid transport]. AB - The analysis of the effect of inhibitors blocking the systems of energy reproduction, on active transport, in particular of aminoacids, in enterocytes of rats showed that inhibitors had 3 phases of the effect depending on their concentration or term of their exposure: inhibition; paradoxical phase when inhibitors stimulate the transport; and the inhibition again. At the first two phases the effect of inhibitors is reversible and can be abolished with glucose. The third phase is irreversible. The data suggest that the cell is capable to control the level of substance transport through the membranes by energy dependent regulatory mechanisms. PMID- 7215591 TI - [Changes in the osmolarity of cat skeletal muscle blood during the cholinergic vasodilation effect induced by hypothalamic stimulation]. PMID- 7215592 TI - [Intercostal muscle motor unit activity during shivering]. AB - The activity of single motor units of the intercostal muscles has been studied during reactions of thermoregulation in cats. It has been shown that during shivering both respiratory and tonic units are functioning with a frequency of discharges of 5--12/sec. A marked increased in the quantity of active tonic motor units was revealed in shivering. During warming of the animal and cessation of shivering first the tonic units and then the respiratory ones ceased to discharge. The thermoregulatory function of the intercostal muscles seems to be achieved essentially by tonic motoneurons activated by cold stimulation. PMID- 7215593 TI - [Microcalorimetric and myographic analysis of the causes of changes in the ratio of heat loss to work accomplished during muscular activity]. AB - In the frog non-fatigued sartorius muscle, raise of the ratio of muscle-emanated heat to the performed mechanical work is due to the aerobic delayed heat production. The heat emanation reflects the respiratory resynthesis of macroergs used for subsequent contractile muscle activity. Contrary to that, raise of the ratio in fatigued muscle reflects the excitation-contraction coupling disturbance and a specific increase of the energy supply for excitable link. PMID- 7215596 TI - Evidence of immaturity of the neocortex during postnatal development of the cat. PMID- 7215595 TI - [Recording of the electrical activity of mucles by means of potential-sensitive dyes]. PMID- 7215594 TI - [Effect of cold adaptation on the resting membrane potential of muscle fibers]. AB - In experiments on rats the membrane potential of single muscle fibers in fast (m. gastrocnemius) and slow (m. soleus) muscles were measured in animals adapted to cold and in the control group. The dynamics of the membrane potential was studied also during the first 60 min after the sciatic nerve dissection. In cold adapted rats the membrane potential of slow muscle fibers was higher than in the control group, but in the fast muscle fibers there was no difference between the two groups of animals. The denervation of muscles resulted in a progressive increase in the membrane potential. This hyperpolarization seems to be the result of deprivation of the c. n. s. from the activating influence. The data suggest that cold adaptation affects mainly the slow muscle fibers. PMID- 7215597 TI - The ultrastructure of spermatogonia and germ cells of the germarium in Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Waga) (Collembola, Apterygota). PMID- 7215598 TI - Electron microscopic evidence of a secretory function of the ependyma in the rat brain. PMID- 7215599 TI - The effect of a pesticide, Gesagard 50, on regeneration of the endbrain of Xenopus laevis (Daud.) Tadpoles. PMID- 7215601 TI - Distribution of species of the Paramecium aurelia complex in Spain. PMID- 7215600 TI - The African strain of Paramecium jenningsi. Cytological and Karyological investigations. PMID- 7215602 TI - Method of sample preparation for the scanning electron microscope, modified and adapted to hard tissues. PMID- 7215603 TI - Strategies to improve drug compliance in children. PMID- 7215605 TI - An economist looks at the future of health care. PMID- 7215604 TI - Surgical pulmonary physiology. PMID- 7215606 TI - A long way to go--comprehending the human condition requires more and better science. PMID- 7215607 TI - Asbestos related disease. PMID- 7215608 TI - [Effectors at cryopreservation of spermatozoa. First report: Effects of caffeine on the motility and the respiration of human spermatozoa after freezing and thawing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215609 TI - [Effectors at storage of spermatozoa. Second report: Effects of vitamin E on the fertilizing capacity and the vitality of spermatozoa after liquid- and cryopreservation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215610 TI - [Therapy of psoriasis by means of hematoporphyrin derivative and light (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215611 TI - [Removing of tattoos by nitric acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215612 TI - [Solupix in dermatologic prescriptions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215613 TI - [Stability of nystatin in an o/w-cream (author's transl)]. PMID- 7215614 TI - Alcohol contact urticaria syndrome (immediate-type hypersensitivity). Case report. AB - A case of alcohol contact urticaria is described. The immediate reactions with most of the primary alcohols were positive. Passive transfer was achieved. PMID- 7215615 TI - [DNCB therapy for alopecia areata (author's transl)]. AB - 15 patients with alopecia areata were treated with local application of DNCB in acetone over a period of 3-9 months. 9 of these had alopecia areata totalis, 3 had alopecia areata fere totalis, and 3 had common alopecia areata. The results are comparable with those of other authors. The response did not depend upon the duration of the disease but upon its extension. In all patients with alopecia areata and alopecia areata fere totalis, hair growth was induced, while only 2 of the 9 patients with alopecia areata totalis responded satisfactorily. One third of the latter were children in whom the treatment may be less effective than in adults. Contact allergy was induced in all but 1 case in which no hair growth occurred. Since the mutagenic effect of DNCB has been demonstrated in the Ames test, DNCB ought to be replaced by other haptens, but its possible cancerogenic effect must be tested in other in vivo models. PMID- 7215616 TI - [Experience with newer psoriasis therapies (author's transl)]. AB - The following treatments for psoriasis are compared with each other: PUVA, UVB, retinoid 10-9359 alone and in combination with 4 mg triamcinolone or UVB. The best results were obtained with UVB alone and with the combination of UVB and retinoid. Based on a survey of various psoriasis therapies during the last 40 years, it is concluded that a final assessment of the value of a new therapy is only possible after some time. PMID- 7215617 TI - [Case presentations]. PMID- 7215618 TI - Acetylderivatives as intermediates in polyamine catabolism. PMID- 7215619 TI - Effect of morphine on gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis in rat liver. PMID- 7215620 TI - Thermal stability of the molecular forms of guinea-pig skeletal muscle cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase and kinetic mechanism of the thermostable form. PMID- 7215621 TI - Malic enzyme in brown adipose tissue--purification, some properties and possible physiological role. PMID- 7215622 TI - The influence of ethanol on lipid metabolism in mouse tissues. PMID- 7215623 TI - Effect of acute treatment with aluminium chloride on brain microsomal protein synthesis of immature rats. PMID- 7215624 TI - Catecholamine synthesis in the adrenal medulla of cattle and rats deficient in copper. PMID- 7215626 TI - Sulphate and fucose incorporation into synaptic membrane glycoproteins. PMID- 7215625 TI - Ganglioside sialylation during maturation of cultured neurons. PMID- 7215628 TI - Kainic acid, a powerful inhibitor of the b-wave of the electroretinogram in isolated frog retina. PMID- 7215627 TI - Purification of rat brain cysteine sulphinate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.29). PMID- 7215629 TI - Biochemical studies in olfaction. PMID- 7215630 TI - Chemical modification of the olfactory epithelium. PMID- 7215631 TI - The effect of ouabain on the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from superfused synaptosomes. PMID- 7215632 TI - Glucuronic acid and sulphate ester conjugation in human lung cancer cell lines. PMID- 7215633 TI - A direct spectrophotometric assay for branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity in intact rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7215634 TI - Polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoretic analysis of cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7215635 TI - Method for the separation and quantification of methylated hydroxypurines found in urine of man and its application to the study of human metabolism of methylxanthines. PMID- 7215636 TI - An improved micro-analytical (Micro-ERMA) apparatus and procedures for the conduct of rapid, multiple and very economical fluorogenic enzyme assays. PMID- 7215637 TI - Localization of a basal calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity in intracellular membranes isolated from human blood platelets by high-voltage free flow electrophoresis. PMID- 7215638 TI - Electrophoretic analysis of rat mammary-gland Golgi membranes. PMID- 7215640 TI - Glycylproline absorption in rats infected with Eimeria nieschulzi. PMID- 7215641 TI - Absorption of amino acids from the human buccal cavity. PMID- 7215639 TI - Molecular mechanisms in the control of gene expression during development. PMID- 7215642 TI - Aspirin inhibition of glucose absorption from the human mouth. PMID- 7215644 TI - Concanavalin A receptors of the surface membrane of Crithidia fasciculata. PMID- 7215643 TI - Anomalous thermotropic phase-transition behaviour of 1,2-distearoyl galactolipids. PMID- 7215645 TI - Affinity chromatography of membrane proteins on dihydroxyboryl-matrix gel. PMID- 7215646 TI - Effect of temperature on cross-linking of cytochromes P-450 and microviscosity in rabbit liver microsomal membranes. PMID- 7215648 TI - A comparison of the inhibition kinetics of trypsin in free solution and trypsin coupled to Sepharose-4B. PMID- 7215649 TI - The proteolysis of puromycin-peptide aggregates in rabbit reticulocytes of increasing maturity. PMID- 7215650 TI - Effect of ATP depletion on the disappearance of high-molecular-weight aggregates formed in rabbit reticulocytes after exposure to puromycin dihydrochloride. PMID- 7215647 TI - Studies on the Sm and RNP nuclear antigens of human autoimmune rheumatic and connective-tissue diseases. PMID- 7215651 TI - 31P nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies on porcine thromboplastin. PMID- 7215653 TI - Output of protein and enzymes in rat bile. PMID- 7215652 TI - Dependence of mitochondrial K+ flux on pH. PMID- 7215654 TI - Iron binding and the transport of iron across the rabbit intestinal brush border. PMID- 7215655 TI - Effects of metabolites on the activity of mammalian hexokinases. PMID- 7215657 TI - Regulation of adenylate cyclase activity by hormone-induced displacement of guanine nucleotides. PMID- 7215658 TI - Transient receptor coupling in the activation of rat liver plasma-membrane adenylate cyclase by glucagon. PMID- 7215659 TI - The influence of dietary fats on lipid synthesis by human mononuclear cells. PMID- 7215660 TI - The effects in rats of low serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein and of serum concentrations of the activator for lipoprotein lipase on 'Intralipid' and very-low-density lipoprotein triacylglycerol clearance from the blood. PMID- 7215661 TI - The effect of high-density lipoprotein on the lipolysis of triacylglycerol in vitro. PMID- 7215662 TI - Development of ketogenesis in the newborn rabbit: temporal studies in isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7215656 TI - Purine metabolism. PMID- 7215664 TI - The absence of cholesteryl ester from fractions of high-density lipoproteins in samples of human hepatic-venous plasma. PMID- 7215665 TI - Effects of spermine and albumin on hepatic mitochondrial and microsomal glycerol phosphate acyltransferase activities. PMID- 7215663 TI - Octanoate and palmitate as substrates for ketogenesis by hepatocytes isolated from suckling rabbits. PMID- 7215666 TI - Some aspects of lipid transport in the rainbow trout. PMID- 7215667 TI - The differential inhibition by cerulenin of fatty acid synthesis and elongation in the psychrophilic bacterium Micrococcus cryophilus. PMID- 7215669 TI - Monosaccharide transport into secretory cells of lactating-rat mammary gland. PMID- 7215668 TI - Glucose metabolism in the perfused heart of the foetal guinea pig. PMID- 7215671 TI - Effect of dithiothreitol on the modulation of antithrombin III activity by sulphated polysaccharides. PMID- 7215670 TI - The incorporation of [2-3H]mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharides and proteins of developing rabbit mammary gland. PMID- 7215672 TI - Protein concentrations in milk from mothers of preterm and term infants. PMID- 7215673 TI - Comparative studies on thromboplastin in various tissues and of factors that modify its procoagulant activity. PMID- 7215674 TI - Eosinophil membrane changes during interaction with antibody-coated non phagocytosable surfaces. PMID- 7215676 TI - Control of abnormal guanine nucleotide concentrations in dystrophic mouse muscle. PMID- 7215675 TI - Histochemical identification of fibre types in the hamstring muscles of phosphorylase kinase-deficient ICR/IAn and normal C3H mice. PMID- 7215677 TI - Preparation of rat x human muscle-cell hybrids for the study of surface antigens in normal and diseased human muscle. PMID- 7215679 TI - The influence of calmodulin on calcium accumulation and membrane protein autophosphorylation by Golgi vesicles from lactating rat mammary gland. PMID- 7215680 TI - Disulphide-bound formation in protein folding catalysed by highly-purified protein disulphide-isomerase. PMID- 7215678 TI - Collagen synthesis and secretion by developing human foetal muscle cells in culture. PMID- 7215681 TI - Optical measurement of the plasma-membrane potential of mammalian cells grown in monolayer culture. PMID- 7215682 TI - The effect of temperature on Na+-stimulated and basal Ca2+ efflux from cardiac and skeletal-muscle mitochondria. PMID- 7215683 TI - Transport and metabolism of choline in synaptosomes: energy requirement. PMID- 7215684 TI - Transport and metabolism of choline in synaptosomes: ionic requirement. PMID- 7215685 TI - Rotational-diffusion and cross-linking studies of cytochrome P-450 in rabbit liver microsomal membranes. PMID- 7215686 TI - Spectral evidence for an intermediate species formed during the reduction of ubiquinone-10 by borohydride. PMID- 7215687 TI - The effect of penicillin and metronidazole on prostaglandin biosynthesis and metabolism in rat large intestine. PMID- 7215688 TI - In vitro and in vivo effects of a luteolytic prostaglandin (Estrumate, I.C.I. 80996) on rat ovarian adenylate cyclase activity. PMID- 7215689 TI - The effects of ionizing radiation and oestrogen treatment on the steroid-receptor concentrations in experimental mammary carcinoma. PMID- 7215690 TI - Effect of diethylstilboestrol on phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in the liver of roosters. PMID- 7215691 TI - Federation of European Biochemical Societies, 14th Meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1981. Abstracts of symposia and posters. PMID- 7215693 TI - The endometrial bacterial flora following insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device. AB - Bacteriological cultures of material were collected from the endometrium and cervix of 150 women using the IUD, 75 control women and transfundally from 20 uteri of women who had undergone abdominal hysterectomy. The results show that the IUD does not alter the endometrial flora unless it is left in situ for a period exceeding two years. The transfundal cultures yielded the lowest positive cultures. The relationship of positive culture to the cycle and the period of insertion of IUD is discussed. PMID- 7215694 TI - [Listeriosis and fertility (author's transl)]. AB - The presence of Listeria monocytogenes is studied in 1112 women belonging to four different groups: healthy women with no pathological obstetric antecedents, women with pathological obstetric antecedents, sterile women, and women with neonates suffering from listeriosis. Investigation on Listeria monocytogenes was achieved in 512 cases from the endocervical cavity and in all cases from the vaginal exudate. We have obtained a total of 2.3% of positive results. The 25 isolations of Listeria monocytogenes correspond to women with macerated fetuses, dead during the birth or after the birth, or to women whose neonatus was diagnosed to have listeriosis. We have not obtained positive results in women with abortions or malformed fetuses. In the same way we have not objectified the relation between listeriosis and female sterility. The endocervical exudate provides 33% more isolations than the vaginal. The higher percentage of isolations is obtained within the first 10 days after birth. PMID- 7215695 TI - Effect of androgens on the rate of muscle protein breakdown in rats treated with glucocorticoids. PMID- 7215696 TI - Spontaneous contractility of human placental vessels in vitro axipetal and isometric recording. AB - In vitro contractility of isolated cylindrical segments of chorial arteries and veins from 40 human term placentas was studied. Contractility was recorded by an isometrical and axipetal method. Spontaneous contractility was observed in 75% of the arteries and in 45% of veins. In both types of vessels, contractility was similar and characterized by development of tonic circumferential tension, between 100 and 200 mg/mm. Clonic activity consisting of rhythmic contractions with an average frequency between 0.7 and 0.9/min and an average intensity of 5- 40 mg/min was superimposed. Vasoconstrictor drugs (PGF2 alpha, histamine and adrenaline) increase tonic tension without modifying the frequency of clonic activity. It is suggested that spontaneous contractility may be the expression of myogenic excitability related to the regulation of fetal placental blood flow. PMID- 7215692 TI - Immunological sterility. AB - The author presents the fundamental principles of the immunological process, and describes the constitution, origin, classification and action of antibodies and antigens. He identifies the 5 types of antibodies. He then comments on the classical mechanism of the immunological response. The immunological process is then related to a couple's infertility. After a short history the author calls attention to immunological problems of semen and describes a test he created to detect agglutination and/or immobilization of spermatozoa in non-diluted female blood serum. It is a test to be used as a first step in the research of infertility without an apparent cause (ESCA) in office practice. The author also presents the results of 182 cases studied and in his commentary he shows the advantages and deficiencies of the test. PMID- 7215698 TI - [46 XY gonadal dysgenesis and dysgerminoma (author's transl)]. AB - A patient with gonadal dysgenesis, cariotype 46 XY and female biotype is presented. The histological study confirmed the presence of a dysgerminoma in the left gonad. The features of the cases are discussed. PMID- 7215697 TI - [Human uterine contractility during normal puerperium (author's transl)]. AB - In order to determine the morphology and the normal values of uterine contractility during the puerperium, 26 patients with the following characteristics were studied: multiparous during puerperium, without recent episiotomy, with healthy cervix, absence of genital septic focus, uterine tumours or malformations; all of them breast feeding. In the hypothesis it was considered that the endogenous oxytocin increases and stimulates the mammary myoepithelium and uterine contractility. For recording uterine contractility, the technique of Jaumandreu and Hendricks was used. The recordings were made during the 24 hours postpartum, at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days with a duration of 2 to 3 hours. All the studies were longitudinal. The change of human uterine contractility during normal puerperium were estimated. The range of the tonus was 22--41 mmHg, the intensity 5--18 mmHg, the frequency 17--23 contractions in 10 minutes, and the uterine activity 102--223 Montevideo Units. PMID- 7215699 TI - [New progress in detection of antigens from human ejaculate in relationship with human sterility (extraction with N-cetylpyridinium chloride) (author's transl)]. AB - In an attempt to obtain certain sub-surface spermatozoa antigens, human spermatozoa were treated with N-cetylpyridinium chloride in basic buffer, The extract was further ultrasonated and separated with gel chromatography over a Sephadex--G--100 column. The obtained fractions were lyophilized and tested against human sperm agglutinating and sperm immobilizing sera, in order to detect their antigenicity. Positive and negative controls revealed intensive precipitations and no precipitations respectively. Fraction A4 reacted intensively with sperm immobilizing sera. The final objectives of these sperm antigens solubilization studies are twofold. On the one hand we are looking for a method to lower sperm antibodies titres in sterile females, and on the other hand we are seeking an immunological contraceptive method. PMID- 7215701 TI - Hormonal regulation of cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone receptors in the beagle uterus and oviduct. AB - The hormonal regulation of uterine and oviductal cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone receptors was studied in immature beagles that were untreated, treated with estradiol-17 beta, or treated sequentially with estradiol and progesterone. Estradiol treatment increased the concentration of estrogen receptors in both tissues. Progesterone receptors were not detectable in the reproductive tract of untreated animals, but increased dramatically under the influence of estradiol. Estrogen withdrawal following estrogen stimulation concomitant estrogen plus progesterone administration, and estrogen withdrawal plus progesterone administration all caused significant reductions in both estrogen and progesterone receptors in uterine oviductal cytosols when compared to estrogen treatment alone. Estrogen withdrawal resembled estrogen plus progesterone administration in reducing both estrogen and progesterone receptor levels, although estrogen withdrawal plus progesterone administration resulted in a further reduction in both receptor concentrations. The same positive and negative relationships between estrogen and progesterone receptor content were observed in uterine cytosols from cycling and ovariectomized adults. These data suggest that estrogen and progesterone regulate their respective receptors and that tissue sensitivity to both steroids may be controlled by mechanisms involving fluctuations in receptor concentration in the reproductive tract of the beagle. PMID- 7215700 TI - Hormonal control of uteroglobin secretion and preuteroglobin mRNA content in rabbit endometrium. AB - The cellular content of preuteroglobin mRNA in endometrium was measured by molecular hybridization to preuteroglobin cDNA, and compared with uteroglobin content in the uterine secretion as determined by radioimmunoassay. The following results were obtained. (1) A single injection of either estradiol or progesterone leads to a rapid accumulation of preuteroglobin mRNA in the endometrium, but has no effect on the cellular content of preuteroglobin mRNA in the lung. (2) The effect of progesterone on uteroglobin on secretion parallels its influence on preuteroglobin mRNA levels, but estradiol has a more pronounced effect on the mRNA content than on uteroglobin secretion. (3) 5 days after priming with estradiol, a single injection of progesterone leads to the accumulation of preuteroglobin mRNA sequences without measurable lag phase, whereas a lag period is found if progesterone is administered earlier after estradiol treatment. (4) In the endometrium of pseudopregnant rabbits there are around 10 000 molecules of preuteroglobin mRNA per epithelial cell as compared with 300 in control estrous rabbits, and 1000-2000 in animals treated with estradiol alone. (5) Following maximal induction, the apparent half-life of uteroglobin and its mRNA are inversely influenced by estrogens: estradiol accelerates the disappearance of uteroglobin from the uterine secretion, and retards the decay of preuteroglobin mRNA sequences in endometrium. PMID- 7215702 TI - Regulation of hormone(PTH and PGE1)-stimulated adenylate cyclase by renal cytosolic factors. AB - Cytosolic factors in a 50--75% (NH4)2SO4 fraction of the 105 000 x g supernatant of the renal cortex modulated adenylate cyclase activity in membrane preparations enriched in renal tubular cell basal--lateral membranes. The crude factor preparation had no effect on basal activity but it contained components that augmented the stimulated of the enzyme by NaF, parathyroid hormone (PTH), prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), and inhibited the activation of the enzyme by GMP--PNP. The factor(s) potentiating the stimulation by the hormones was partially purified (13-fold) by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-75 chromatography. During purification, the component(s) that increased hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase was separated from those affecting the activity in the presence of NaF and GMP--PNP. The factor(s) enhanced the PTH- and PGE1-stimulated enzyme at all concentrations of hormone, suggesting that the affinity for the hormone was not affected. The factor(s) was heat-stable. Partial proteolysis with chymotrypsin greatly reduced the ability of the factor(s) to enhance hormonal responsive adenylate cyclase. However, the factor(s) was resistant to trypsin digestion. The effect of the factor was not due to GTP, nor was GTP necessary for its action. Ca2+ was not needed for the enhancing activity of the factor(s). These findings suggest the presence in the cytosol of the kidney cortex of a protein(s) that regulates the response of renal adenylate cyclase to hormones. The relationship between this kidney cytosolic factor and those reported in other tissues remains to be established. PMID- 7215703 TI - Uterine proteins influenced by estrogen exposure. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been utilized as a technique to investigate uterine protein patterns and protein distribution after estrogen administration. A combined in vivo stimulation, in vitro labeling technique was devised to investigate these questions. Animals were first primed in vivo with estrogen for 2 h to activate the normal early response to hormone and to stimulate protein synthesis. Tissue was removed and protein labeling occurred for 4 h with [35S]methionine. Tissue was then re-exposed in vitro to either estrogen or saline for an additional 1 h. Subfractionation of the uterine tissue and analysis of labeled proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has indicated the disappearance of some proteins from the cytoplasmic compartment and the appearance of other proteins in the nuclear fraction of estrogen-exposed samples. These findings suggest that in the mouse uterus, estrogen influences protein synthesis and also a redistribution of these proteins into various cellular fractions where they may act to elicit estrogen action. PMID- 7215704 TI - Synthesis of androgen-dependent secretory proteins by rat seminal vesicles. AB - Androgenic steroids control the synthesis and secretion of several proteins by the seminal vesicles of the male rat. Prominent among them are 2 basic proteins, S and F, previously used as markers of androgen action. These proteins are not found among translation products of a wheat-germ protein-synthesising system supplied with mRNA from seminal vesicles of normal rats. Instead, higher molecular weight forms, S' and F', are formed which are nonetheless related antigenically to S and F respectively. Injected into Xenopus Laevis oocytes, seminal vesicle mRNA does direct synthesis and secretion of polypeptides S and F. Partial peptide analysis confirms that S' and F' have extensive amino acid sequence homology with S and F respectively. We conclude that S' and F' are precursor forms of the secreted proteins and thus at least 2 abundant proteins of this male accessory tissue are secreted by a mechanism common to a wide number of secreted proteins. PMID- 7215705 TI - Post-operative neuropathic fractures in patients with myelomeningocele. AB - Neuropathic fractures are common after major surgical procedures to stabilize the hip or spine in patients with myelomeningocele. Complications resulting from such fractures are frequently observed. The fractures occur particularly in the more severely involved children and are associated with prolonged immobilization after surgery. The authors advise that all necessary surgery be done within the shortest possible time, and urge that prolonged immobilization be avoided if possible. PMID- 7215707 TI - Late diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip. AB - A cohort of children presenting with clicking hips was studied in two districts. In one district any child with a clicking hip was treated as though the hip was dislocated, i.e. by splintage in abduction, but in the other district no treatment was offered. None of the 'treated' group later presented with a dislocated hip, whereas four children were found with dislocated hips among the 'untreated' group. A further four children who were not treated because their hips appeared to be normal on the second examination later presented with dislocated hips. It is suggested that the accuracy of diagnosis in all units might be improved if the examination of the newborn was carried out by a limited number of doctors to whom greater experience would accrue. Further improvements would be made if any hip which was found to click on examination was treated as an unstable hip and splinted in abduction. PMID- 7215706 TI - Prader-Willi syndrome and scoliosis. AB - Of 37 patients with the Prader-Willi syndrome for whom spinal x-rays were available, 32 had a structural scoliosis of 10 degrees or greater. Kyphosis was also found to be more common in older persons with this syndrome, occurring in only one of 14 adolescents but in five of 10 adults. The scoliosis was analyzed in infantile, juvenile, adolescent and adult subgroups. The results suggest that the scoliosis is present from an early age and remains stable during childhood, but progresses in 15 to 20 per cent of cases during adolescence. Scoliosis in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome has many of the clinical characteristics encountered in idiopathic scoliosis. Because it is difficult to detect in these individuals, the authors recommended that baseline spinal X-rays be obtained in all such patients who have suspicious asymmetry of the spine, followed by regular clinical examination, especially during adolescence. PMID- 7215708 TI - A study of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in Kenya. AB - A retrospective study was made over a five-year period of 53 patients at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya, who presented with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The clinical, EEG and serological findings are similar to those found in other studies. As identified by epidemiological studies elsewhere, the factors which are likely to have a bearing on the aetiology of the disease are prevalent throughout the Kenya, yet there is a strong rural distribution of cases in this study. No cases have been reported from the Masai tribe. These features are discussed with regard to the possible implications for the aetiology of the disease. PMID- 7215709 TI - Cognitive ability profiles in families of reading-disabled children. AB - Evidence for the heterogeneity of reading disability was sought in a family study. Psychometric test data on 125 reading-disabled children (probands) and their siblings and parents were used to identify four subtypes of reading disability, each with a distinctive cognitive ability profile. The validity of this profile analysis was then assessed by applying the same classification system to profiles of affected parents and siblings of the probands. Affected siblings of probands in subtype 3 (severely impaired reading ability but normal spatial/reasoning and coding/speed) were more likely to be of the same subtype than would be expected on the basis of chance. However, no such evidence for familial transmission of specific subtypes was found in the parental data. It is suggested that family studies may provide a strong test of the heterogeneity of reading disability, and that such studies should be used to assess the validity of alternative typologies. PMID- 7215710 TI - CSF levels of lactate and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase as indicators of neurological sequelae after neonatal brain damage. AB - A prospective study was made of levels of lactate and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of 57 term neonates, in relation to the time elapsed since delivery, neonatal examinations (Apgar score, neurological symptoms and EEG findings) and psychomotor outcome at one year of age. Serum determinations revealed no significant relationship with clinical assessments. CSF measurements showed significant differences near to the time of delivery between the normal and handicapped groups at age one, which supports the hypothesis of a causal link between neonatal brain damage and CSF enzyme levels. PMID- 7215711 TI - Congenital myopathy with oculo-facial and skeletal abnormalities. AB - A case report is presented of a boy with congenital myopathy associated with oculo-facial and skeletal abnormalities. The relationship of this case to patients with the Schwartz-Jampel and Marden-Walker syndromes is discussed. PMID- 7215712 TI - Two children with cerebral gigantism and congenital primary hypothyroidism. AB - Two children are described in whom congenital primary hypothyroidism was associated with excessive growth during early childhood and who had typical morphological features of cerebral gigantism. One child was completely athyreotic. This association has been described previously in only one other child. PMID- 7215713 TI - Functional aspects of the chemical senses in the newborn period. PMID- 7215714 TI - Plasticity and specificity of language localization in the developing brain. PMID- 7215715 TI - Studies on pancreatic stones. I. In vitro dissolution. AB - To determine the solubility of pancreatic stones, in vitro experiments were performed by using the anaerobic percolation method. During steady-state conditions an inverse relationship between size and solubility in 150 mM NaCl was observed. The effects of several solvents on pancreatic stones solubility were studied: albumin induced a concentration-dependent increase, while bicarbonate induced a concentration-dependent decrease. Citrate dramatically increased the solubility of pancreatic stones, an increase was not antagonized by adding bicarbonate. Total in vitro dissolution of 50 mg pancreatic stones was attempted by percolating 150 mM NaCl or 3.9 mM citrate, a concentration which can be reached in pancreatic juice during intraduodenal infusion of citrate. Extrapolated time of total dissolution was 60 days with NaCl percolation, while actual time with citrate percolation was 25 days. The potential usefulness of citrate treatment of chronic calcified pancreatitis is discussed. PMID- 7215717 TI - Effects of sphincter of Oddi bypass on bile acid metabolism in fed and fasted intact and cholecystectomized dogs. AB - The effects of cholecystectomy and sphincter of Oddi bypass on bile acid (BA) metabolism in dogs have been studied. Cholecystectomy and sphincter bypass decreased the BA pool half-life and increased the percent of taurodeoxycholic acid in the pool. A 48-hour fast had no effect on total BA pool size of intact and intact sphincter-of-Oddi-bypassed dogs but caused a marked decrease in cholecystectomized dogs. It was concluded that while the sphincter of Oddi is unnecessary to maintain bile acid pool size in fasting dogs, the gallbladder is. Alimentation is necessary to maintain pool size in cholecystectomized dogs. PMID- 7215718 TI - The effect of carbenoxolone on the chronic atrophic gastric mucosa determined by flow cytometry and histoautoradiography. AB - A trial with carbenoxolone at a dose of 150 mg/day for 6 months was performed in 24 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. A control group of 21 patients received placebos. Gastric mucosa was examined by flow cytometry (FC) and histoautoradiography 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks after starting therapy. Carbenoxolone had neither an effect on cell cycle stage distribution as determined by FC nor on the labelling indices obtained by histoautoradiography. PMID- 7215721 TI - Ultrasonically guided percutaneous puncture and analysis of aspirated material of cystic pancreatic lesions. AB - 20 percutaneous aspirations, guided by ultrasound, were performed without serious complications in 17 patients with cystic pancreatic lesions. Amylase activities of all 10 pseudocysts were increased with a considerably wide range (3,680 775,000 U/l) and the serum amylase level correlated significantly (p less than 0.01) with the enzyme activity of cyst content. The enzyme level of 1 true cyst and 2 cystic malignancies were in the normal range of serum amylase; low amylase activity does not rule out a pancreatic origin of a cystic mass lesion. Bacteriological and cytological studies of aspirated samples revealed 2 (of 2) pancreatic abscesses and 2 ( of 3) cystic malignancies. Total regression of an acute pancreatic pseudocyst was achieved following repeated percutaneous antegrade evacuations. PMID- 7215716 TI - Transient intrahepatic portal hypertension. A case report. AB - We report the case of a patient with transient hypertension in relation to acute veno-occlusive disease of the liver. Ascites and esophageal varices, both transient, occurred in this patient and a transient elevation of the gradient between wedged and free hepatic venous pressures was observed. PMID- 7215722 TI - Studies on pancreatic stones. II. Citrate secretion in the canine pancreatic juice. AB - In a previous study, we found that pancreatic stones could be dissolved in vitro by a citrate solution. We then decided to look for the possible secretion of citrate into the pancreatic juice, and to find a means of increasing it. Pancreatic juice secretion was collected in Thomas fistula dogs submitted to four protocols: basal conditions, secretin stimulation (0.5 and 2.0 U . kg-1 . h-1), caerulein boluses (25 and 100 ng . kg-1) superimposed on 0.5 U . kg-1 . h-1 secretion and intraduodenal citrate infusion (1.05 mmol . kg-1 . h-1). Under basal conditions mean citrate output per 15 min was 0.11 +/- 0.02 mumol. During secretin and caerulein stimulation, citrate output paralleled that of protein, and a linear regression was calculated: Ycitrate = -0.013 + 0.019 Xprotein (mumol/mg). Intraduodenal citrate infusion induced a sharp increase in citrate output which reached 11.5 mumol/15 min, but only 0.12% of the infused citrate amount was secreted into pancreatic juice during 1 h. PMID- 7215720 TI - Does indomethacin activate healed gastric ulcers in the dog? AB - Effects of indomethacin on healed partially healed gastric ulcers in the dog were studied. Gastric ulcers were produced by submucosal injection of 1 ml of 40% acetic acid solution into the bordering area of the fundus and antrum of the stomach. Indomethacin, 20 mg/kg, was given orally once daily for 5 days beginning on the 50th day after ulceration. While erosions or deep ulcers were produced by indomethacin, healed or partially healed acetic acid ulcers were not aggravated. Mechanisms involved in this strong resistance of healed ulcers to the ulcerogenic agent remain to be determined. PMID- 7215719 TI - Urinary copper excretion and hepatic copper concentrations in liver disease. AB - Urinary copper excretion was found to be increased in patients with cholestasis, hepatitis and cirrhosis, but the penicillamine-induced increment was normal. Wilson's disease patients had increased copper excretion before and after penicillamine, especially in untreated cases. Hepatic copper concentrations correlated with urinary copper excretion in cholestasis and treated Wilson's disease, but not in hepatitis or cirrhosis. In treated Wilson's disease, measurement of urinary copper excretion should be valuable in estimating the degree of removal of copper from the body during therapy. Urinary copper clearances were raised in various liver conditions, maximally in untreated Wilson's disease. It is suggested that only part of the serum non-caeruloplasmin copper is available for excretion into urine. PMID- 7215723 TI - Prostaglandin E2 in gastric mucosa and its role in the prevention of ulcers induced by acetyl salicylic acid in cats. AB - Gastric mucosa of the cat generates PGE2 activity at a significantly higher concentration in the antral 59.25 +/- 7.42 ng/g) than in the oxyntic (28.06 +/- 4.50 ng/ml) gland area. Intravenous (i.v.) infusion of histamine 80 micrograms/kg/h) or intragastric (i.g.) instillation of 0.1 N HCl (4 mEq/h) for 3 h significantly decreased the generation of PGE2 in antral and fundic mucosa, but did not result in the formation of gastric lesions. Aspirin (ASA) given i.v. or i.g. for 3 h caused a further fall in the generation of PGE2 in the mucosa and when combined with i.v. histamine or i.g. HCl, it caused almost complete disappearance of PGE2 activity and the formation of antral ulcers in all tested cats. Exogenous PGE2, given i.v. in a dose (30 micrograms/kg/h) reducing histamine-stimulated (80 micrograms/kg/h) acid secretion by about 50%, prevented almost completely the formation of gastric ulcers induced by a combination of ASA plus i.v. histamine or i.g. HCl. This study indicates that the gastric mucosa generates PGE2 which is capable of preventing gastric ulcers induced by ASA combined with histamine or mucosal acidification. PMID- 7215724 TI - Lack of effect of pancreatic polypeptide in the rate of gastric emptying and gut hormone release during breakfast. AB - Bovine pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was infused intravenously in 5 healthy subjects on two separate occasions with mean doses of 1 and 2 pmol kg-1 min-1, respectively, which achieved plasma levels equal to and twice those observed after a normal mixed breakfast. The gastric emptying rate of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast 20 min after the start of each PP infusion was not significantly different from a control infusion of 0.15 M saline. PP is unlikely to be an important physiological modulator of gastric emptying rate in man. PMID- 7215725 TI - Gut hormone responses in the irritable bowel syndrome. AB - Fasting and postprandial levels of gastrin, insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, enteroglucagon and neurotensin were measured in 42 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). No overall major abnormalities of secretion of any of these peptides were found, although minor differences from normal of pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin were observed. It is doubtful whether abnormalities of gut hormone secretion play an important role in the pathophysiology of IBS. PMID- 7215726 TI - Induction by butyrate of differentiated properties in cloned murine rhabdomyosarcoma cells. AB - A cell line derived from the murine rhabdomyosarcoma BW10139 (Dexter, Cancer Res. 37: 3136, 1977) was subcloned and examined with respect to growth and myogenic characteristics in the presence and absence of 1 mM butyrate. Without butyrate, these cells behave as typical transformed cells: they grow rapidly and chaotically, do not form multinucleated muscle fibers and have little or no creatine kinase activity. In the presence of 1 mM sodium butyrate or butyric acid, growth slows, cells become arranged in whorl patterns, and creatine kinase activities increase to levels comparable to those found in normal chick myoblasts immediately prior to cell fusion. The increase in creatine kinase activity is detectable within 2 h exposure to butyrate, reaches a maximum by 24 h, and the elevated level can be maintained for at least six weeks. The induction is reversible upon sequential addition, deletion, and readdition of butyrate to the culture medium. Isoenzyme analyses demonstrated that only the BB form of creatine kinase is induced; MM creatine kinase was not detected. Although formation of multinucleated cells increases after exposure to butyrate, no typical myotubes form. The results suggest that this rhabdomyosarcoma cell line can, under appropriate conditions, re-express some properties characteristic of skeletal muscle, but not the complete muscle phenotype. PMID- 7215728 TI - Indications for bendectin narrowed. PMID- 7215727 TI - Organogenetic potentialities of rat intestinal epithelioid cell culture. AB - The aim of the present study was to investigate the mesenchymal influence on cultured epithelioid cells originating from an already differentiated intestine. Epithelioid cell cultures of 6-day-old suckling rat intestine were established by sequential trypsinizations of the mucosa. Embryonic intestinal monolayers of quail cells (13 days) were used as control because of their natural cell marker. Six to thirty days after plating, both types of epithelioid cells were associated in heterospecific combination with 5 1/2-day-old chick embryonic small intestinal mesenchyme, after removal of the endoderm by collagenase treatment. In order to test the differentiation capabilities of the associations, they were grafted for 10-12 days into 3-day-old chick embryos. The results show that in such an in vivo culture system, the chimeric associations gave rise to well differentiated intestinal structures indicating that the epithelioid cell cultures derived from late embryonic or neonatal intestine will go through organotypic differentiation when recombined with an appropriate mesenchyme. PMID- 7215729 TI - Surgeon General's advisory on treatment of water for use in dialysis. PMID- 7215730 TI - Skin lesions and radioactivity in jewelry. PMID- 7215732 TI - Cardiac problems caused by disopyramide. PMID- 7215731 TI - New standards for phenytoin products. PMID- 7215734 TI - Boxed warning on I.V. fat emulsions. PMID- 7215733 TI - Starting dose of chlorthalidone changed to 25 mg daily. PMID- 7215735 TI - Laboratory tests for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). PMID- 7215736 TI - Teratogenicity of nitrous oxide. PMID- 7215737 TI - Aspirin and buffered aspirin for TIA's. PMID- 7215738 TI - [The hemoglobin dissociation curve in chronic respiratory insufficiency studied by determination of P 50]. PMID- 7215739 TI - [Antibacterial activity of a sulfonamide combination (Kelfiprim) in some otorhinolaryngological diseases]. PMID- 7215740 TI - [The use of glucuronyl glucosamine glycan sulfate in dyslipidemic subjects with labyrinth disease]. PMID- 7215741 TI - [Chronic constrictive pericarditis: considerations on 27 cases]. PMID- 7215742 TI - A canine model of gastric and colonic polyps. AB - Polyps were produced in the canine stomach and colon by a surgical technique. In a total of 18 dogs 26 polyps were produced in the stomach or colon. Twenty of the 26 polyps were viable when endoscopically and microscopically examined. Polyps of approximately 1 cm in diameter and 3 to 4 cm in length can be produced without sloughing. The gross and microscopic characteristics of the canine polyp are quite similar to the human condition. Obviously the adenomatous tissue of the polyp head was not reproduced, but this area is not generally cut during polypectomy. The surgical produced polyps appear to be useful as a model to study the effects of electrosurgical cutting and for training in the technique of polypectomy. PMID- 7215743 TI - A slide filing system for endoscopic teaching purposes. PMID- 7215744 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the evaluation of complicated echinococcosis of the liver. PMID- 7215745 TI - Endoscopic extender for flexible fiberoptic colonoscope. PMID- 7215746 TI - Resume of a seminar on endoscopic retrograde sphincterotomy (ERS). AB - This report summarizes the discussion of a three-day seminar on endoscopic retrograde sphincterotomy (ERS). Before the seminar a survey of the experience of 21 centers was collected. There were 1250 patients in whom ERS was attempted. It was successful in 89%. The 137 failures were primarily related to large stones or to difficulty in positioning the papillotome. The indications were for common duct stones in 1106 (88.5%), papillary stenosis in 126 (10%), and miscellaneous in 18 (1.5%). The discussions at the seminar revealed marked variation in some aspects of individual techniques. The authors have described indications, contraindications, technique, and complications with an attempt to indicate where concensus was reached. The numerous questions and problems with the procedure are described. ERS has merit, but its precise role in clinical medicine remains to be defined. PMID- 7215747 TI - Endoscopic features of adenoma of the duodenal papilla in familial polyposis of the colon. AB - The duodenal papillae of 24 patients with familial polyposis of the colon were examined in detail by duodenofiberscopy and endoscopic biopsy. Adenomas were detected in 12 of the 24 patients (50%). Endoscopically the duodenal papilla had a white nodular or granular surface in most of the patients in whom adenoma was detected. In two patients, however, the endoscopic picture of the adenoma at the duodenal papilla was almost normal. Based on these observations, endoscopy and biopsy of the duodenal papilla should be added to the usual examination done in patients with this disease. PMID- 7215748 TI - [External eye muscles and their attachment zones]. AB - There were examined in situ the length, the diameter and the insertions of the 4 recti and the levator on 59 orbits, furthermore the mm. obliqui in the same way. The M. levator palpebrae superioris has an average length of 42.13 mm on the right (r) and 40,24 mm on the left (l). It is at the origin 3,93/3,54 (r/l)1 mm wide and 15.23/4.89 mm on the transitional area to its aponeurosis. The M. rectus superior is (mean) 37.31/37.02 mm long, in the middle area 8.59/7.83 mm wide and 2.32/2.20 mm thick. Its tendon in 4.29/4.26 mm long and 10.43/9.84 mm wide. The M. rectus medialis has an averaged length of 37.68/37.33 mm, a width of 9.41/9.73 mm and a thickness of 3.80/3.70 mm. Its tendon is 3.04/3.90 mm long and 10.39/9.92 mm wide. The M. rectus inferior is (mean) 36.95/37.70 mm long, 4.73/4.50 mm wide and 3.87/3.92 mm thick. Its tendon is 4.70/4.66 mm long and 8.50/8.68 mm wide. The M. lateralis has an average length of 36.36/35.94 mm, a width of 10.87/10.32 mm and a thickness of 2.87/2.54 mm. Its tendon is 7.19/7.82 mm long and 9.57/9.22 mm wide. Its longitudinal part is (mean) 37.59 mm (right) and 38.54 mm (left) long and 5.74/5.63 mm wide and 2.30/1.94 mm thick. Its oblique tendinous part has an average length of 22.12/22.93 mm, a width of 9.85/9.55 mm and a thickness of 1.50 mm (r/l). The M. obliques inferior is 31.46/30.92 mm long, 7.56/7.13 mm wide and 2.54/2.50 mm thick. The bulbus oculi has a longitudinal outer diameter of 24.57/24.8 mm and transversal diameter of 23.63/23.56 mm (mean). Its vertical diameter is 23.29/23.18 mm. The transversal diameter of the cornea is 11.70/12.08 mm, the vertical diameter 10.80/11,06 mm. Besides of these measurements the distances were estimated between the muscle tendons and the cornea as well as the optic nerve. PMID- 7215749 TI - [Ontogenesis of facial muscles in primates]. AB - 1. The development of facial muscles is studied in embryos of Tupaia belangeri, Tupaia javanica, Nycticebus coucang, Galago dimidovii, Tarsius bancanus, Callithrix jacchus, Colobus badius, Colobus verus, Nasalis larvatus, and Homo sapiens. 2. The facial muscles derive from a superficial blastema (anlage of platysma myoides) and another blastema laying beneath the first one (anlage of sphincter colli muscle). Both blastemas grow out from mesenchymal cells of the head after the anlagen of all other muscles are visible. 3. The myoblasts are arranged along the margines of the blastemas in a way that outline the run of the muscles. 4. Superficial muscle derives from the anlage of platysma, the profound muscles of the mouth and some of the rostral margine of the auricle derive from the anlage of sphincter colli muscle. 5. In species without sphincter colli muscle the myoblasts for muscles considered as derivates of sphincter colli (those muscles are identificable as derivates of sphincter colli in species which have it) grow out from mesenchymal cell directly. 6. The ontogenetic results show the principle of the way in which the facial muscles have evolved during phylogeny as described in comparative anatomy. 7. Muscles, which were present in an early state of phylogeny f. e. like sphincter colli muscle in the ancestors of Katarrhina, hav no anlage which later become reduced. 8. The facial muscles have a complete differentiation in an early state of prenatal development and the operate well until to the time of birth. PMID- 7215750 TI - [Heritability index for diagnosing talent and aptitude in children and teenagers]. AB - Longitudinal correlation und heritability in the broad sense are equivalent expressions for the reliability in the long run. Since long-range prediction is the aim of personnel selection in athletics, education and other applied fields, we recommend to use heritability as a weighting factor for phenotypic scores of adolescents in order to calculate true scores and to eliminate error variance. On the basis of the matrix of correlations of 7 tests of physical fitness, body height and weight, and their heritabilities the calculation of the heritability index is demonstrated. PMID- 7215751 TI - [Determination of body height from fragments of the femur]. AB - Presenting a major problem in connection with reconstructing the height of body from the dimensions of long or pipe bones are the circumstances under which damage is caused thereto in mass accidents such as, for example, plane crashes. Such accidents often result in long bones being fractured completely, so that it is not possible for them to be directly used for reconstructing the height of body. In such cases, use can be made of the methods described by Steel (1970) who determined segments for such long bones as the femur, tibia, and humerus and also set up formulas by use of linear regression analyses, which enable the lengths of single fragments of bones to be used for estimating the overall length of bones which can then be substituted into equations for reconstructing the height of body. The procedure has been verified statistically, and suitable formulas have been established for the femur, which is the bone that lends itself particularly well to estimations of the height of body. When using these formulas, the residual variance is generally as great as 10 cm. Accordingly, it appears inappropriate for public medicolegal officers to calculate a height of body which is beset by a range of variation that is as great as this. Therefore, the 2nd part of this paper presents a possible way of determining the stature of a human body from individual segments of the femur. The limits of these size groups have been determined for data to be recorded in identity cards and other personal documents. The method is based upon the calculation of conditional probability distributions for given lengths of segments. PMID- 7215752 TI - [Shape and size of the corpus callosum and the septum pellucidum]. AB - The mean are of the Corpus callosum at median sagittal sections of 100 brains of adults comes to 622 (330 to 900) mm2. The Corpus callosum has a mean length of 73.7 (62 to 86) mm and a mean height of 23.06 (16 to 31) mm. The Genu corporis callosi has a mean thickness of 11.68 mm and the Splenium of 11.98 mm. The Truncus has a greatest thickness of 6.68 and a smallest thickness of 4.49 mm on an average. In the rostral third the Truncus has a mean thickness of 6.11 mm, the middle of the Corpus callosum of 5.66 mm and the support of the Fornix 5.75 mm. The Corpus fornicis supports in the mean of 48.45 mm behind the rostal end of the Genu corporis of the underneath area of the Corpus callosum. This is observed in 77% in the third, in 19% in the fourth and in 4% in the second quarter of the Corpus callosum. The Septum pellucidum has a mean surface area of 292 (100 to 700) mm2 at median sagittal sections. PMID- 7215753 TI - Lymphocytes in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) studied by means of electron and scanning microscope. AB - When searching for timely diagnostic criteria of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis we also paid attention to lymphocytes. We found the elimination of hyaloplasma of lymphocytes is one of the criteria of approaching outbreak of the disease. PMID- 7215754 TI - [Ultrasound mammography:special applications (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical observations on more than 700 patients between September 1979 and October 1980 are reported. If cysts are suspected clinically, ultrasound mammography provides the most reliable diagnosis and is superior to all other methods for localization, fine-needle biopsy and follow-up. Since it is difficult to assess (due to summation effects), the radiologically dense breast (DY) is a further indication for sonography. In case of excentrically located palpatory findings, pregnant or immobile patients, ultrasound mammography can provide valuable diagnostic information. PMID- 7215755 TI - [Epidemiological and diagnostic analyses of 1194 cone biopsies (author's transl)]. AB - 1194 patients of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University in Kiel were treated by cone biopsy 1971-1979. In 92 of these cases the cone biopsy was free of pathological epithelium despite positive prefindings. The part of adeno-carcinoma of the cervix was 1.2%. In two control-periods (1971-6/75 and 7/75-1979) the quantity of 16-30 year old women with dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of the cervix was high significantly increased in the last period. The prescription of ovulation inhibitors is due to this tendency as one of other important factors. The average age of patients first treated by cone biopsy decreased from 44 years to 36 in 1971 to 1979. The majority of the carcinoma in situ was completely excised by women below 30 years old. The cases of not free margins increased to 72% with advancing in years. Over the half of patients with not completely removed carcinoma in situ or micro-carcinoma there was no pathological epithelium in the followed exstirpated uterus. The reason for this behaviour may be the hemostasis with high frequency cauterization (coagulation apparates of Semm) since 1977. The number of diagnosis of the carcinoma colli uteri Ia and Ib by cone biopsy was lower in the second control-period compared to the previous period. PMID- 7215756 TI - [Prevention of deep-vein thrombosis in patients with gynaecological cancer undergoing radiotherapy. A comparison of calcium heparin and a semisynthetic heparin analogue (author's transl)]. AB - Patients treated for gynaecological cancer by combined external irradiation and intravaginal radium application participated in two randomized, controlled, and prospective trials. In the first trial the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed by the 125I-fibrinogen test was 43% in the control group. The injection of 7,500 i.u. of subcutaneous calcium heparin twice daily prevented DVT in the test group. An increase of soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) and fibrinogen in the plasma of patients with DVT suggested that the patients were hypercoagulable. No correlation between AT III values and DVT was observed. In the second trial, the effect of the same dose of heparin was compared with a twice daily s.c. injection of 5,000 U of a semi-synthetic heparin analogue (SSHA). The incidence of DVT was reduced to 15% by heparin; in the patients given SSHA the incidence was 25%, which was not significantly different from the heparin-treated group. PMID- 7215757 TI - [Preliminary results using the histocan needle biopsy for the microscopic evaluation of gynaecologic tumours (author's transl)]. AB - In a preliminary study the new "Histocan"-needle was tested in respect of its diagnostic value in patients with palpatory findings suspicious for recurrent cancer in the pelvis and in patients with breast tumours. Initially there were some difficulties in handling the biopsy needle. Furthermore we saw some haematomas after breast biopsy, which could be avoided, however, by compression of the biopsy wound. From the morphological point of view the fine structures of tissue specimen were without the gross needle-conditioned artifacts and in some respect could be interpreted better than in Silverman-biopsies. Statistical data can only be given after finishing our cooperative studies. PMID- 7215759 TI - [Micro-endoscopy of the uterine cervix (author's transl)]. AB - Since 1978 micro-endoscopy of the uterine cervix was added to routine colposcopic and cytologic evaluation of the cervix for the purpose of early diagnosis of cancer. Especially, in cases of a typical transformation zones important diagnostic information about the malignity or benignity of the lesion can be obtained. Under colposcopic guidance a suspect point is vitally stained with Cresyl violet acetate 10% solution. Colposcopy is not only supplemented by micro endoscopy, but colposcopy with the micro-endoscope. The new micro-endoscope gives a magnification of 130 times, a diameter of 5 mm, a length of 200 mm and in a fibre-optic light cable a light source of 280 volts with 150 watts/second from a Xenon Arc Lamp, focal depth of 0.8 mm, an internal visual field of 35 mm. In 356 micro-endoscopies 3.92% showed positive findings, 12.75% showed suspicious findings, 73.04% showed negative findings and 10.29% showed other findings such as necrotic cells, bleeding or were impossible to evaluated with the micro endoscope. PMID- 7215758 TI - [The cytology of endometrium by aspiration-a method for the early detection of endometrial carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - 100 women with atypical vaginal bleedings and additional riskfactors of endometrium-carcinoma were examined by cellaspiration and curettage in a comparative study. In 92.5% there was a positive correlation between cytology and histology. In 4 cases no cellmaterial could be aspirated, in further 4 cases cytological findings were not possible, because there was few cellmaterial. PMID- 7215760 TI - [Cytologic studies after insertion of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD) (author's transl)]. AB - Cervical smears of 554 women using IUDs were examined. The following criteria were evaluated: 1. Age distribution, 2. maturation index of the vaginal epithelium, 3. vaginal flora, 4. cytologic criteria of inflammation, 5. period of time between insertion of the IUD and the cytological examination, 6. final cytologic diagnosis. 554 women without IUD and normal gynaecological status served as a control group. It was the goal of the study to find out, firstly if IUDs in situ produce typical and specific changes in the cytologic pattern and secondly if the rate of suspicious and positive findings is increased: In IUD using women the rate of cases with unphysiologic vaginal flora is increased, the rate of inflammatory cytologic specimen is also higher than in the control group. The rate of inflammatory smears decreases with the increasing interval of time between insertion and cytological examination. IUD typical changes could be observed only in so far as in this group the cytologic signs of chronic cervicitis were increased. Inflammatory alterations are the reason for the higher rate of "suspicious" smears in the group of IUD-users. There was no higher rate of praecancerous lesions among the IUD users. The importance of these results for the clinical management are pointed out. PMID- 7215761 TI - [Oral steroid contraception in hyperprolactinemia (author's transl)]. AB - A study on the statistical correlation between oral contraceptives and similar mixtures of steroids and the development and maintenance of hyperprolactinemia is presented. 91 cases with hyperprolactinemia-amenorrhoea were compared to a group of 91 women with amenorrhoea and normal prolactinemia. Matched pairs regarding duration of amenorrhoea, parity, gonadal function and thyroid function were used. It was shown that oral contraceptives and similar combination of estrogen and progesterone do not increase the relative risk for functional or adenomatous hyperprolactinemia. There were no evidence that existing adenomas were deteriorating during oral contraception. However, two cases with pituitary adenoma following long-term high dosage estrogen therapy was found. The presented results show that low dosage steroid medications do not increase the risk for the development or maintenance of hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 7215762 TI - [Maternal mortality in the Rheinische Landesfrauenklinik Wuppertal from 1917 to 1979 (author's transl)]. AB - From 1917 to 1979, the maternal mortality in the Rheinische Landesfrauenklinik Wuppertal has been investigated on the basis of 136084 live births. From 1917 to 1921, it was 10.1% and decreased to 0.16% in the period from 1973 to 1979. The maternal mortality in association with caesarean section, which was 11.8% in the period from 1917 to 1921 with a frequency of caesarean sections of 2.5%, decreased to zero since 1973 with a frequency of 6.3%. A caesarean section preceded more than 50% of the deaths since 1962. Most of the decreased (24.4%) were in the group of 30-34 years of age and 48.3% aged more than 30 years. 51.5% were primiparas and 14.6% of the women were at least para 4's. From 1917 to 1936, infection was the main cause of maternal mortality with 39.6%; from 1957 to 1966, however, thrombo-embolism advanced to the leading cause with 27.3%. Since 1960, 4 of 35 deaths were anaesthetic deaths. During all the examined periods, non specific reasons of maternal mortality were an important factor with more than 30%. PMID- 7215763 TI - [Pregnancy-conditioned dilatation of the calyceal system-sonographic diagnosis and urologic control (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasonic diagnosis provides the possibility without any irradiation hazards to follow-up the urinary excreting system in pregnancies as often as necessary. Thus it becomes possible to detect the true percentages of pregnant women with dilatation of the calyceal system, and to evaluate the course of dilatation in those women examined at different intervals. There exists as well the possibility to avoid urinary tract infections by an intensive urologic surveillance in such cases. PMID- 7215764 TI - [Optical density and surface tension in amniotic fluid in the late pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - 113 amniotic fluid samples from pregnant women between the 28th and the 41st week of gestation were examined for optical density and surface tension. Surface tension measurement was done by means of the Wilhelmy-balance which shows a very good correlation with the L/S-ratio. Optical density was measured at 405, 580, 650, 750 and 900 nm wave length. For the comparison with the surface tension optical 650 nm was used, since at this wave length only minimal absorbance of known biologic pigments occurs. Pulmonary maturity was diagnosed when the surface of the hysteresis area (dynamic surface tension measurement) was more than 20 cm2 or when optical density at 650 nm was false positive in 3,7% and false negative in 40,7%. The same percentage was found in the predication of fetal lung maturity by this method after fetal outcome. The measurement of the optical density is a rapid and simple method, but because of the high number of false negative results it is advised to use one of the more sophisticated methods for the prediction of fetal lung maturity in cases of a negative optical density reading at 650 nm. PMID- 7215765 TI - [A double blind study of the treatment of threatened abortion with fenoterol hydrobromide (author's transl)]. AB - To study the effectiveness of Fenoterol Hydrobromide in the treatment of threatened abortion a double blind trial was performed. A total of 112 patients was examined. A comprehensive statistical analysis was made including Chi square and Student's t-test to provide a valid comparison of both, trial and control groups, in order to eliminate any possible statistical bias, as seen in many of the former studies of this topic. RESULTS: 1. The number of surviving children during the perinatal period did not differ significantly in the placebo and Fenoterol groups. 2. Fenoterol did not influence the course of pregnancy, full term delivery or fetal outcome, unless early abortion occurred. 3. Pregnancies resulting in abortions obviously were not prolonged by Fenoterol treatment. 4. Histology of aborted pregnancies revealed major pathological findings in more than 99% of the cases. So it may be presumed, that pharmacological treatment was bound to fail in these cases. PMID- 7215767 TI - [Diagnosis of siamese twins at 12 weeks gestation (author's transl)]. AB - Double monsters are a rare obstetric event. The mean incidence is approximately 1:50,000 deliveries. The early diagnosis of siamese twins with the aid of routine ultra-sound investigation is described. Typical ultrasound findings and procedures to verify the diagnosis are described in detail. PMID- 7215766 TI - [Influence of oxytocin and prostaglandin E2 on icterus neonatorum (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of this progressive study is to clarify whether the pain-in-labour drugs Oxytocin and Prostaglandin E2 do have an influence on postpartum serumbilirubin concentrations of the neonates. Two groups of neonates in which labour was induced with Oxytocin or Prostaglandin E2 were compared with a control group without pain-in-labour stimulants. The three groups were comparable in respect of obstetrical anamnesis and risk factors. The serumbilirubin concentration of the neonates was controlled at very frequent intervals during the first 72 hours. In the three groups, no difference could be found in the serumbilirubin values during the 72 hours' duration of the study. PMID- 7215769 TI - [Intracervical application of prostaglandin F2 alpha gel as low risk method of cervical dilatation for therapeutic abortion (author's transl)]. AB - In cases of interruption prostaglandin F2 alpha gel is applied intracervically and leads to dilatation of the cervix without any damage. This form of the therapy can be recommended because of its good results and harmless side effects. PMID- 7215768 TI - [Induction of abortion during the second and third trimester of pregnancy with sulprostone (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 114 terminations of pregnancy during the second and third trimester of pregnancy with a new prostaglandin E2 derivative "Sulprostone". In 84 cases legal therapeutic abortions were induced. In 30 women an abnormal pregnancy was terminated. "Sulprostone: is a prostaglandin with selective activity in the uterus. It can be administered parenterally or locally. 48 women received intravenous sulprostone, 35 patients had extraamniotic injections and 31 patients had extra-amniotic injections following an intramuscular injection for priming of the cervix the night before. In 103 women the pregnancy was terminated within the first 24 hours after the administration of sulprostone (90.3%). 8 patients (7.0 %) had a cervical dilatation over 2 cm. In 3 women no effect was noted. In 1 patient the prostaglandin application was stopped because of severe vomiting. The mean administration abortion interval was 12 hours and 54 minutes following extra amniotic application and 10 hours and 30 minutes with extra amniotic application and following intramuscular priming. In 5 patients the abortion was completed after the priming administration. More than 90% of the patient's required analgesia. There were 32.4% side effects of mild character. The results and the methods are described and compared to other methods. PMID- 7215771 TI - Luteal development, placentation, and plasma progesterone concentration in the viviparous lizard Sceloporus jarrovi. PMID- 7215770 TI - Renal responses to vasoactive hormones in the aglomerular toadfish, Opsanus tau. PMID- 7215772 TI - Further studies on the absence of hypocalcemic effects of eel calcitonin in the eel, Anguilla japonica. PMID- 7215773 TI - Progesterone and estrone levels in the ovaries, pyloric ceca, and perivisceral fluid during the annual reproductive cycle of starfish, Asterias rubens. PMID- 7215775 TI - Insect chromatophorotropic factors: the isolation of polypeptides from Periplaneta americana and Apis mellifera with melanophore-dispersing activity in the crustacean, Uca pugilator. PMID- 7215777 TI - Characterization of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) from the pineal gland of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). PMID- 7215774 TI - [Seasonal variations of plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the Mauritanian toad (Bufo mauritanicus)]. PMID- 7215776 TI - Effects of amputation and subsequent regeneration of a leg on the duration of the intermoult period and the level of circulation ecdysteroids in Helleria brevicornis Ebner (ground isopod). PMID- 7215778 TI - Photoperiod effects on hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity in the pineal gland of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). PMID- 7215779 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy and corticosterone acetate treatment on hepatic lipid composition in the chick (Gallus domesticus) embryo. PMID- 7215780 TI - Effect of fish angiotensins and angiotensin-like substances on killifish calcium regulation. PMID- 7215782 TI - Stimulation of sodium transport across the teleost urinary bladder by urotensin II. PMID- 7215783 TI - Studies on several marsupial anterior pituitary hormones. PMID- 7215784 TI - Effects of prolactin on the kidney of a teleostean fish: transmission electron microscopic observations. PMID- 7215781 TI - Limited heterogeneity of neurosecretory proteins produced by the bag cells of Aplysia. PMID- 7215785 TI - [Effect of estradiol on the hypophyseal-thyroidal axis of the eel]. PMID- 7215788 TI - Angiotensin-induced drinking in parrots. PMID- 7215786 TI - Radioimmunoassay of cortisol in the adult Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. PMID- 7215787 TI - Cortisol and osmotic adjustment of the euryhaline teleost, Sarotherodon mossambicus. PMID- 7215789 TI - Plasma thyroxine and testosterone levels in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) during the annual cycle. PMID- 7215790 TI - Technique for making small hormone-filled capsules. PMID- 7215791 TI - A liaison fellowship on a hemodialysis unit. A self-funded position. AB - The practice of liaison psychiatry has from its inception been hampered by an inadequate or non-existing funding base. A model is presented for funding an authentic liaison training program, fully supported by consultation-generated revenue. A specific description of the liaison teaching unit is given, which illustrates how the following objectives of the program were successfully met: provision of comprehensive biopsychosocial care, dissemination of psychological skills and knowledge to nonpsychiatrist staff, training of the liaison fellow, and generation of sufficient revenue to offset its costs. PMID- 7215792 TI - The medication seminar and primary care education. AB - This paper defines the need to provide postgraduate psychiatric education to primary care physicians, as well as the need to provide psychiatrists with teaching experiences in the primary care setting. Two psychiatrists in rural New England developed and administered, over an eight-month period, a Balint-type seminar on psychotropic medications, designed to emphasize experiential and two way learning. The process of the seminar reflected the special problems encountered in post-graduate education of physicians in a rural area. The impact on the instructors and participants had implications for the design and development of future educational programs in both psychiatry and primary care. PMID- 7215793 TI - Psychosocial disability during maintenance hemodialysis. AB - Overall psychosocial functioning was assessed in 21 maintenance hemodialysis patients. The Ruesch Social Disability Scale, which provides an overall Social Disability (DS) score as well as subscores for Physical Impairment (PI), Behavioral Impairment (BI), and Social Modifiers (MS), was utilized. A majority of the patients (13) experienced Major Social Disability and the mean DS score of this sample was in the Major Social Disability range (mean = 52.1 +/- 10.9). There were no differences between the mean DS score of men and women. Married patients had DS scores significantly lower than those who were divorced or never married (P less than .05). Patients with more than five years of maintenance hemodialysis had a mean DS score significantly higher than those with less then five years of maintenance hemodialysis (P less than .03). In those patients with more than five years of hemodialysis, the MS scale was significantly elevated (P less than .01) in comparison with their counterparts, whereas the BI and PI scores were not different. The data suggest that serious psychosocial impairment is a common sequela of maintenance hemodialysis, especially for long-term patients and those who are not married. Therapeutic approaches directed toward improved social functioning are indicated. PMID- 7215794 TI - Team tension as a vital sign. AB - Current efforts to provide comprehensive health care have accentuated the need for new models that integrate the biological, psychological, and social fields. One approach to meeting this need has been the development of health care teams. However, the multidisciplinary perspectives of such teams often result in tension and discord. While this tension may be partly attributable to institutional or professional biases or lack of adequate decision-making techniques, it may also be an essential diagnostic tool for exploring and integrating the paradoxes of the patient's homeostatic system. This approach captures and bridges some of the inadequacies of our prevailing knowledge base. The team's tension can be experienced as an essential empathic connectedness to the patient's life situation. Resolution of the team's internalized conflict becomes a paradigm for the patient's reintegration of his or her own paradoxical or contradictory needs. PMID- 7215795 TI - Behavior therapy for irritable bowel syndrome. A case report. AB - The behavior analysis and treatment of a patient with chronic irritable bowel syndrome are presented. The usefulness of this approach in a patient with a poor treatment prognosis is discussed. PMID- 7215796 TI - Psychiatric role conflicts in the neighborhood health setting. AB - The current movement of psychiatrists toward the health care system, and away from community mental health, has led to increased psychiatric presence in neighborhood health centers. Neighborhood settings confront the traditionally trained psychiatrist with role and value conflicts, some of which parallel those experienced in community mental health. These conflicts include definition of professionalism, the nature of psychotherapy, and hierarchical power. Other conflicts are specific to the neighborhood health setting, including the place of confidentiality, multidisciplinary relations, and the medical model and remedicalization in psychiatric practice. Residency training must be altered to adequately prepare psychiatrists for these new roles. PMID- 7215797 TI - Continuity of care. A patient-centered model. AB - A patient-centered model for the delivery of mental health services to acute psychiatric patients is described. This model may also be applicable to more comprehensive delivery systems. Mental health systems usually are centered around separate staff and physical locations of various units. The psychiatric patient's sensitivity to disruptions of the environment may respond favorably to a system of patient-staff continuity, which avoids fragmentation of care. The patient centered care model allows the treatment staff to follow patients throughout the entire course of their treatment program. Impressions are that this model results in a marked decrease in acting out, suicide gestures, and other regressive manifestations at the time of transfer from one phase of the program to another. Specific issues of patient care account-ability, patient follow-through, and compliance with treatment recommendations and cost-effectiveness are also discussed. In addition, staff satisfaction and professional growth are enhanced by the ability to follow patients and families through all phases of their treatment. Decreased staff turnover and increased interdisciplinary communication can enhance staff growth as well as patient care. PMID- 7215798 TI - Problems in the management of aggressive behavior on a medical ward. A multidisciplinary case conference. AB - Following admission to a medical ward, a 69-year-old man with a life-long history of seizure disorder and antisocial personality features showed poor control of aggressive impulses, assaulted staff, and presented a host of problems for the consulting psychiatrist. These problems included staff's denial of the man as a patient on the medical ward, a breakdown in the medical workup, and hostility toward the consulting psychiatrist. This paper described how these specific problems were approached, with emphasis on the need for a systems approach in treatment planning. PMID- 7215800 TI - An ancestral amplification of DNA in primates. AB - Newly evolved, tandemly arrayed, highly repeated DNAs from three primates were compared using Markov-chain and random-simulation approaches. Markov-chain calculations suggested that the repeated DNA sequences derived from the amplification of a progenitor sequence some 55 million years ago. Divergence of the products of this ancestral amplification could have created a library of related DNA sequences from which newly evolved repeated DNA was drawn - by recent amplifications of library members. The ancestral DNA amplification may have provided the genetic flexibility for creating the primate order; more recent amplifications in old-world primates probably led to the present subfamilies. The random-simulation approach verified the idea that repeated DNA evolves nonrandomly. A variable region was identified within the sequence. PMID- 7215799 TI - Efficient transfer of highly resolved small DNA fragments from polyacrylamide gels to DBM paper. AB - A procedure is described that combines high resolution of small DNA molecules (10 to 250 bases) with high transfer efficiency from polyacrylamide gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl (DBM) paper. The DNA fragments are separated electrophoretically in denaturing or nondenaturing step gels. These consist of a short gel of relatively high polyacrylamide concentration (8%) above a long gel of relatively low polyacrylamide concentration (4%). Step gels permit a high resolution of small DNA fragments in gels of sufficiently low polyacrylamide concentration from which efficient transfer to DBM paper is feasible. The combination of the step gel with a short treatment of the gel before transfer ensures a high transfer efficiency. As much as 30% and 50% of the DNA applied to nondenaturing and denaturing gels, respectively, are bound covalently to the DBM paper. Optimal conditions for hybridization to DBM-linked DNA molecules of 30 to 250 base length are described. PMID- 7215801 TI - Comparison of nucleotide sequences of the early E1a regions for subgroups A, B and C of human adenoviruses. AB - The early E1a regions (map position (0--4.5%) of highly oncogenic (subgroup A) adenovirus serotype 12 (Ad12), weakly oncogenic (subgroup B) adenovirus serotype 7 (Ad7) and non-oncogenic (subgroup C) adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) can convert cells in vitro into an immortal cell line. A comparison of the nucleotide sequences for the E1a regions of Ad12 (Sugisaki et al., 1980), Ad7 (Dijkema et al., 1980), and Ad5 (Van Ormondt et al., 1978) DNA is presented. The overall homology is about 50%, but certain segments of the E1a regions exhibit higher than average homology, for both coding and noncoding sequences. The latter may specify the initiation of DNA replication, DNA encapsidation and regulation of expression. The predicted polypeptides encoded by the E1a regions of the three serotypes exhibit a large degree of homology. PMID- 7215802 TI - Current concepts in pacing. PMID- 7215803 TI - Drugs and the aging eye. PMID- 7215804 TI - Scanning the skin for signs of connective tissue disorders. PMID- 7215805 TI - Identifying and treating genital tract infections in postmenopausal women. PMID- 7215806 TI - An updated look at diverticular disease. PMID- 7215807 TI - Office management of Paget's disease. PMID- 7215808 TI - The needle: a useful technique for evaluating inflamed joints. PMID- 7215809 TI - Treating impaction: a practical approach to an unpleasant problem. PMID- 7215810 TI - Supraventricular tachycardias: getting the beat back on track. PMID- 7215811 TI - Is hypothyroidism causing your patient's lethargy? PMID- 7215814 TI - Organic dementia and neuropathology of aging. Abstracts. PMID- 7215813 TI - Effects of repeated administrations of dihydroergotoxine (Redergine) on the sleep wakefulness cycle in the cat. AB - Investigations with dihydroergotoxine methane sulfonate (DHET, the active substance of Redergine) indicate that DHET acts on the sleep-wakefulness cycle of the cat by increasing wakefulness and slow-wave sleep and decreasing rapid eye movement sleep. DHET was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg for 5 successive days. The effects were fairly stable, although with a tendency to diminish with time. Such alterations in the sleep-wakefulness cycle are discussed as possible indices of the beneficial effects seen in elderly patients treated with DHET. PMID- 7215815 TI - Effect of population density upon life expectancy and wing retention in the common house fly, Musca domestica L. AB - In adult caged house flies, maintained on a complete diet of powdered whole milk, cane sugar and water, the median longevity, maximal longevity, and percentage that exhibit complete wing retention at death are increased as the number of individuals per cage is correspondingly decreased from 240 to 10 flies per cage. These effects are more marked for the shorter-lived males than for the females. Female longevities at all population densities are more significantly reduced by a restricted diet of sugar and water only. Under conditions of individual confinement, the life expectancy of the female house fly is no greater than that of the male. These results are in agreement with earlier suggestions that increased physical activity including interaction among individuals in a restricted population decreases longevity. PMID- 7215812 TI - How to select an appropriate respiratory drug. PMID- 7215816 TI - Studies on the descendancy of four populations of Koekelaere pines: Pinus nigra Arnold, subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire, cv. Koekelaere. II. Heritability as a function of parental age. AB - The variations of heritability as a function of parental age are studied in Koekelaere pines [Pinus nigra Arnold, laricio (Poiret) Maire, cv. Koekelaere]. The age of the parental trees varies between 26 and 101 years. 16 different traits are analysed. It is shown that heritability does not vary as a function of parental age. These results are discussed in relation with the problems of ageing in trees and of the theories of ageing. PMID- 7215817 TI - Recovery from alloxan diabetes as revealed by collagen characteristics of bone, skin and tendon of Swiss mice. AB - Alloxan-decreased percentage solubility level of collagen in bone, skin and tendon following 4 and 28 days of treatment showed an almost complete recovery to normal levels in bone and skin after a 20-day recovery period. Alloxan effect if still maintained in tendon after repeated doses, suggesting tissue specificity of the recovery process. PMID- 7215818 TI - Dietary, caging and temperature factors in the ageing of collagen fibres in rat tail tendon. AB - The effect of dietary fat, carbohydrate and protein on tail tendon collagen ageing was studied in male Wistar rats. When rats were fed low-calorie diets there was no evidence that the content of carbohydrate, fat or protein affected the ageing of collagen. However, on high-calorie diets there was evidence that high-fat diets (21%) either saturated or unsaturated aged collagen fibres at a faster than low-fat diets (7%). Isolated housing of rats, which is necessary to control food intake, was found to slow the rate of collagen ageing. This effect was associated with reduced tail tendon temperatures. PMID- 7215819 TI - Mobility and degenerative changes of the ageing cervical spine. A macroscopic and statistical study. AB - In our morphological and kinesiological study, degenerative changes of the human cervical spine became more frequent and severe with advancing age. Disk splits and diarthrodial cartilage loss were the first lesions to appear. Apophyseal osteophytes arose approximately two decades after apophyseal cartilage loss, paradiscal osteophytes two decades after disk splits and irregularity of the vertebral end-plates 10-15 years after the appearance of paradiscal osteophytes. Because all these degenerative lesions are associated with loss of mobility, advancing age is correlated with decreasing mobility as well. In the absence of progression of any degenerative lesion, however, no change in mobility was found. PMID- 7215821 TI - Post-hypophysectomy ovarian senescence and its relation to the spontaneous structural changes in the ovary of intact aged rats. AB - Hypophysectomy performed in 25- to 26-day-old Wistar rats leads within 1 years to the formation of ovarian testis-like tubes and epithelial cellular cords which are typical structures in the senile ovaries of normal 24-month-old rats. Testis like tubes represent an unusual late stage of follicular degeneration; the origin of the cords is more complex; the revival of cell differentiation from stroma and/or rete ovarii in the absence of the pituitary is hypothesized. At 16 months of age, cords proliferate and are responsible for ovarian weight increase to almost twice the minimal weight seen 4 months after the operation. Variability in cord proliferation is considerable from one rat to another, but also between the two ovaries of the same animal. Thus, an intrinsic age-related ovarian factor is implicated in cord proliferation. From this study, it is inferred that during intact rat senescence, intrinsic ovarian aging is responsible for the proliferation of cords, whereas their induction depends on a hypothalamic hypophyseal imbalance occurring at about 1 year of age. PMID- 7215820 TI - Cytoplasmic and nuclear binding of estradiol in the brain and pituitary of old female rats. AB - The subcellular distribution of estradiol following the in vivo administration of 3H-estradiol, cytosol and nuclear estrogen receptor after in vitro incubation with 3H-estradiol were studied in young adult female rats (3-6 months old) and old female rats (over 18 months old). After intravenous injection of 3H estradiol, with or without deithylstilbestrol pretreatment, significantly higher cytosol uptake of estradiol in the pituitary, dorsal hypothalamus and corticomedial amygdala (AMYG) with concomitant significantly lower nuclear uptake in the preoptic area (POA) and basomedial hypothalamus (BMH) and a tendency of lower nuclear uptake in AMYG and pituitary of old noncyclic (NC) rats as compared with young adult female rats were observed. The uterus of NC rats had a low ratio of milligrams of protein per milligram wet weight as compared with young rats and the nuclear binding 1 h after the injection was significantly lower than that of young rats when the value was expressed as disintegrations per minute per milligram weight but not when expressed as disintegrations per minute per milligram protein. Assays of cytosol and nuclear estrogen receptor after in vitro incubation with 3H-estradiol revealed that old prolonged vaginal cornification (PVC) rats did not react estradiol priming with increased nuclear receptors in the pooled brain tissues of AMYG, POA and BMH, anterior pituitary and uterus. These results indicate that there seems to be an impaired translocation of estradiol from cytosol to nucleus in old PVC rats. PMID- 7215822 TI - Bacteriuria and its correlates in old age. AB - Autopsy renal findings were correlated with clinical data during life in 100 aged people. An indwelling catheter in life was associated with raised serum creatinine and also infected renal pathology. Urinary infection itself did not correlate with serum creatinine level, systolic or diastolic blood pressure or infected renal pathology. The presence of any form of renal pathology correlated with elevated serum creatinine and elevated systolic but not diastolic blood pressure. PMID- 7215826 TI - Cutaneous cholesterol and plasma lipoproteins in elderly active and bedridden patients compared with young adults. AB - This report concerns two groups of elderly patients, one active and the other inactive with cardiovascular histories. Cutaneous and plasma cholesterol (Ch) and the lipoprotein fractions were analyzed in each group and compared with those of a young group. The cutaneous histological ageing type was studied in the three groups. No histological difference was seen to exist between the elderly populations (skin type II), the young group had normal type O skin. A significant difference was seen to exist between the levels of cutaneous Ch of the two elderly groups and that of the young group. Changes in the cutaneous Ch with respect to the ratio (total Ch/HDL Ch) were found to differ in the two elderly groups: the active elderly patients presented a positive correlation as did the young subjects but the inactive patients showed a negative correlation. PMID- 7215824 TI - A comparison of total hip replacement in patients aged 69 years or less and 70 years or over. AB - This paper examines the significance of age as a criterion to be used when assessing the suitability of a person for total hip replacement. In a group of 49 patients undergoing total hip replacement, those aged 70 years or over did not benefit significantly less than younger patients in terms of pain relief, improving range of motion in the joint, improved mobility, or in regaining independence in the activities of daily life. Despite having more complications than the younger patients, and requiring on average longer hospital stays, it is argued that age should not be a major consideration when assessing a patient for total hip replacement. PMID- 7215823 TI - Single-case study of clinical response to high-dose ergot alkaloid treatment for dementia. Preliminary report. PMID- 7215825 TI - Domiciliary assessment for geriatric patients in Reykjavik. AB - The age distribution, clinical presentation and management arrangement of 100 successive domiciliary visits to patients seen following requests for in-patient admission, by their general practitioners are presented. Although 24 patients could be primarily regarded as being social cases, there exists an urgent need to improve facilities for both acute assessment and long-stay geriatric admissions in Reykjavik. PMID- 7215827 TI - [Methodological approaches to studying the effect of intensive pesticide use on the health of children living in a rural locality]. PMID- 7215829 TI - [Experimental data for establishing time-differentiated maximum permissible concentrations of vanadium pentoxide in the atmosphere]. PMID- 7215828 TI - [Medico-toxicological characteristics of diethylene glycol ethers (carbitols) applicable to air pollution control]. PMID- 7215830 TI - [Data for a review of the hygienic standards for mercury in water]. PMID- 7215832 TI - [Hygienic principles of organizing the academic and vocational methods in secondary vocational and technical schools]. PMID- 7215831 TI - [Air-exchange patterns as a basis for hygienic air standards hospitals]. PMID- 7215834 TI - [Hygienic aspects of atomic power plants]. PMID- 7215833 TI - [Urinary catecholamine excretion levels as affected by measured physical loads in hypertensive adolescents]. PMID- 7215836 TI - [Measurement of seasonal fluctuations in actual food consumption by the sums of absolute deviations from a reference level]. PMID- 7215835 TI - [Descriptive model of the activities of the radiation hygiene physician and ways of improving the effectiveness of the instruction]. PMID- 7215837 TI - [Use of mathematical modelling for determining the allowable quantity of chemical fibers in clothing]. PMID- 7215838 TI - [Separate determination of carbon disulfide and sulfur dioxide in air]. PMID- 7215840 TI - [Detection of cotoran in air and water by thin-layer chromatography]. PMID- 7215839 TI - [Method of determining furadan in air by using a granulated form of the preparation]. PMID- 7215842 TI - [Production of biodegradable plastics and the problems of protecting the environment]. PMID- 7215843 TI - [Basis for the principles of establishing the maximum permissible human exposure loads]. PMID- 7215844 TI - [Work experience of the organizational branch of a provincial epidemiological health station]. PMID- 7215845 TI - [Irradiation of the gonads in children during x-ray studies]. PMID- 7215841 TI - [Determination of nitrogen fixation activity by an acetylene method for setting the hygienic standard for the soil content of heavy metals]. PMID- 7215846 TI - [Experience with conducting hygienic measures to limit the irradiation of children during x-ray studies]. PMID- 7215848 TI - [Hygienic standard for 2-methylfuran (silvan) applicable to the sanitary protection of reservoirs]. PMID- 7215847 TI - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentrations of o- nd p chlorotoluenes in reservoir water]. PMID- 7215849 TI - [Research results on environmental hygiene for 1979 and the prospects for the 11th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7215850 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of nitrates and nitrites in water]. PMID- 7215851 TI - [Effect of the hygroscopic capacity of single-layer clothing on human heat exchange]. PMID- 7215852 TI - [Nutritional status and the characteristics of the metabolic process in persons engaged in intellectual work under neuroemotional load]. PMID- 7215853 TI - [Effect of the pesticide kaiakhop on immune reactions of the body]. PMID- 7215854 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of modern design, construction and public health and welfare organization practice for short-term recreation sites in the suburbs of Sverdlovsk]. PMID- 7215856 TI - [Chemical technology and unresolved problems of hygienic standards for harmful substances in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7215855 TI - [Ozone and nitrogen oxide formation in corona-discharge air ionizers]. PMID- 7215857 TI - [Hygienic basis of the standards for the ward microclimate for children with prolonged subfebrile states]. PMID- 7215858 TI - [Age and sex characteristics of the morphological development rates of children and adolescents]. PMID- 7215859 TI - [Physiological and hygienic aspects of adolescent job motivation in the work training stage at a vocational education center]. PMID- 7215860 TI - [Activities of the Sysin Institute of General and Communal Hygiene of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Medicine in the 10th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7215861 TI - [New stage in the social policy of the Leninist Party]. PMID- 7215862 TI - [Research status and prospects of the health education problem in the USSR]. PMID- 7215864 TI - [Methodological bases for teaching theoretical and specialized disciplines in the health and hygiene department]. PMID- 7215863 TI - [Postgraduate personnel training in the Department of Radiation Hygiene of the Central Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians]. PMID- 7215865 TI - [Determination of mercury in soils]. PMID- 7215866 TI - [Method of determining the biological value of canned meat infant food]. PMID- 7215867 TI - [Cryogenic sampler for trapping radioactive gases and aerosols]. PMID- 7215869 TI - [Thermal radiation study in steel production]. PMID- 7215868 TI - [Information support problems in health education research]. PMID- 7215870 TI - [Organochlorine pesticide transformation in the marine environment]. PMID- 7215871 TI - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system in the students of secondary vocational and technical mining schools]. PMID- 7215872 TI - [Aerosol disinfection of passenger cars with peracetic acid solutions]. PMID- 7215873 TI - [Hygiene instruction and education of vocational and technical school students in the meat and dairy industries]. PMID- 7215876 TI - Aging and the family. 33rd annual scientific meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, San Diego, California, 1980. Abstracts. PMID- 7215874 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of polymeric materials used for the manufacture of children's toys]. PMID- 7215877 TI - Comment: oral history and gerontology. PMID- 7215875 TI - [Seasonal biorhythm of the indices of ultraviolet absorption levels]. PMID- 7215878 TI - The Donald P. Kent Memorial Lecture: "modern" old age and public policy. PMID- 7215879 TI - Pension policy at a crossroads: what should be the pension mix? PMID- 7215880 TI - Preferred supportive services for middle to higher income retirement housing. PMID- 7215881 TI - An ecological view of living arrangements. PMID- 7215882 TI - Gentrification and displacement of the elderly: an empirical analysis. PMID- 7215883 TI - Staff vacancies and turnover in British old people's homes. PMID- 7215884 TI - Personal belongings--a positive effect? PMID- 7215885 TI - Assessment of facility quality and its relationship to facility size in the long term health care industry. PMID- 7215886 TI - The great American fertility debate: generational balance and support of the aged. PMID- 7215887 TI - Perceptions of work and leisure among the elderly. PMID- 7215888 TI - Drug misuse in older people. PMID- 7215889 TI - Implementation and evaluation of clinical pharmacy services in an extended care facility. PMID- 7215890 TI - Memory training strategies and subjective complaints of memory in the aged. PMID- 7215891 TI - Problems of mentally ill elderly as perceived by patients, families, and clinicians. PMID- 7215892 TI - Neglect and abuse of older family members: professionals' perspectives and case experiences. PMID- 7215894 TI - Next steps in information and referral for the elderly. PMID- 7215893 TI - Interpersonal networks and post-relocation adjustment of the institutionalized elderly. PMID- 7215895 TI - Public guardianship and the elderly: findings from a national study. PMID- 7215896 TI - The sexuality of the older person: review of the literature. PMID- 7215897 TI - When you care enough: an analysis of attitudes toward aging in humorous birthday cards. PMID- 7215898 TI - [Treatment of intra-partum fetal distress. I. Use of beta-mimetic drugs. Orciprenaline]. PMID- 7215899 TI - [New method for the early diagnosis of pregnancy]. PMID- 7215900 TI - [Syndrome of amenorrhea and galactorrhea associated with sterility. Treatment with levodopa]. PMID- 7215901 TI - [Cesarean section with hysterectomy]. PMID- 7215903 TI - [Educational objectives in the field of general surgery in the training of gynecologist-obstetricians]. PMID- 7215902 TI - [Cesarean section with hysterectomy]. PMID- 7215904 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the working conditions in operations with ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation sources]. PMID- 7215907 TI - [Current problems of work protection for women exposed to particles in hothouses]. PMID- 7215910 TI - [So-called specific and nonspecific action of industrial poisons]. PMID- 7215905 TI - [Vibration of the crew's work places in helicopter test stand trials and an assessment of its effect on the body]. PMID- 7215908 TI - [Physiological and hygienic evaluation of air cleansing deep coal mines]. PMID- 7215911 TI - [Diagnostic problems of respiratory diseases in an industrial enterprise]. PMID- 7215906 TI - [Functional state of adolescent workers exposed to occupational noise and using FPP-Sh (Berushi)-type antinoise inserts]. PMID- 7215909 TI - [Endoscopic and histological characteristics of the bronchi in dust-induced bronchitis]. PMID- 7215913 TI - [Use of pyroelectric heat flow sensor for noncontact pneumography]. PMID- 7215912 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness in chronic infectious and inflammatory complications of occupational lung diseases using dioxidine by aerosol inhalation or intra tracheal administration]. PMID- 7215915 TI - [Comparative experimental evaluation of the allergenic activity of different fiber glass lubricants and means of optimizing their composition]. PMID- 7215917 TI - [Preventive ultraviolet irradiation of workers in Vinnitsa]. PMID- 7215916 TI - [Dust content of the air in the hygienic assessment of underground mining machines]. PMID- 7215914 TI - [Acetylcholine test as a diagnostic tool in dust-induced bronchitis]. PMID- 7215918 TI - [Natural and artificial illumination. The design standards of Construction Norms and Regulations P-4-79]. PMID- 7215920 TI - [Method for studying the toxicity of a mixture of the gaseous combustion products of lubricating greases]. PMID- 7215919 TI - [Current problems of physiology in the chemical industry]. PMID- 7215921 TI - [Information from the Soviet Toxicology Center]. PMID- 7215922 TI - [Industrial hygiene in cold metal processing by the stamping method in machine construction plants]. PMID- 7215923 TI - [Isolated hypoplasia of the right ventricle of the heart]. PMID- 7215925 TI - [Development of myocardial ischemic contracture at normal temperature and under hypothermia]. PMID- 7215924 TI - [Heart conduction system in corrected transposition of the aorta and pulmonary trunk]. PMID- 7215926 TI - [Immunobiological preparations in the treatment of acute pulmonary abscesses]. PMID- 7215927 TI - [Bronchial resection and plastic repair to the surgery of lung cancer]. PMID- 7215930 TI - [Anomalous derivation of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery with an interventricular septal defect]. PMID- 7215928 TI - [Causes of bronchial stump incompetence (clinical and morphological parallels)]. PMID- 7215929 TI - [Endoscopic characteristics of the stump after operation of transsternal transpericardial occlusion of the main bronchi]. PMID- 7215931 TI - [Bronchiectasis caused by acute destructive pneumonia in children and its surgical treatment]. PMID- 7215932 TI - [Topography of the ostia and initial branches of the bronchial arteries and intercostal-bronchial trunks viewed by selective catheterization]. PMID- 7215933 TI - [Tracheobronchography using powdered tantalum]. PMID- 7215934 TI - [Ways decreasing the number of complications and mortality in repeated operations for lung and pleural diseases]. PMID- 7215935 TI - [Thromboelastography in various forms of acute suppurative, destructive pneumonia in children]. PMID- 7215936 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders in the surgical treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 7215937 TI - [Treatment of complicated forms of staphylococcal lung destruction in children]. PMID- 7215938 TI - [Removal of a tracheal chondroma via the bronchoscope in a female patient previously operated on for thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7215939 TI - [Simple hypoplasia of the lungs]. PMID- 7215940 TI - [Endovascular (via catheter) closure of a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]. PMID- 7215942 TI - Manometric evaluation of rectal prolapse and faecal incontinence. AB - Sixty-three patients with complete rectal prolapse and/or faecal incontinence have undergone anal manometry and the results have been compared with an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls. Maximal basal pressure (MBP) and maximum squeeze pressure (MSP) were measured before and at four months and a year after treatment. The anal pressures of normal subjects are presented. Patients with rectal prolapse alone had normal anal pressures, whereas patients with incontinence with or without prolapse had significantly lower basal and squeeze pressures than controls. Successful surgical treatment of prolapse or incontinence did not produce significant change in anal canal pressures, whereas the combination of pelvic floor exercises and a continence aid was associated with a significant rise in MSP. PMID- 7215941 TI - Gut-hormone profile in totally pancreatectomised patients. AB - In eight totally pancreatectomised patients the release of the relevant gut hormones was determined after a standard test meal. Plasma levels of pancreatic glucagon were not significantly different from zero in our series of pancreatectomised patients. Pancreatic polypeptide was undetectable. These findings imply the absence of a significant number of normally functioning alpha cells and pancreatic polypeptide cells in extrapancreatic sites in man. Consistent with the antrectomy, duodenectomy, and resection of the upper jejunum that are performed in conjunction with a total pancreatectomy the gastrin release was significantly impaired. In contrast there was a striking post-prandial rise in enteroglucagon probably induced by the rapid intestinal transit time often seen after partial gastrectomy. In contrast plasma motilin and GIP levels were normal. Pancreatectomised man thus presents an interesting model of total deficiency of endogenous insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and pancreatic glucagon and, in addition, greatly diminished gastrin. The considerable derangement of metabolic and intestinal function that follows total pancreatectomy may, in part, be explained by this gross disturbance of the normal physiology of gut hormone. PMID- 7215943 TI - Prospective evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of liver ultrasonography. AB - Liver ultrasound was prospectively evaluated in 104 subjects who underwent liver biopsy, including 24 patients without evidence of liver disease (controls), and 80 with a broad spectrum of liver pathology. Ultrasonography was very specific (100%) and moderately sensitive (70%) in the detection of liver pathology, and hepatic neoplasms, steatosis, and fibrosis were detected by ultrasound in 80%, 80%, and 67% of cases respectively. In addition, ultrasonography diagnosed other pathologies--mainly biliary tract disease and abdominal neoplasms--in 26% of the patients. PMID- 7215944 TI - Is mitochondrial antibody diagnostic of primary biliary cirrhosis? AB - In a series of 218 patients diagnosed as having primary biliary cirrhosis only nine exhibited a negative serum mitochondrial antibody. On examining additional specimens from these patients, seven were found to be positive, giving a final incidence of greater than 99%. The two patients whose sera remained negative for the mitochondrial antibody had liver histology compatible with the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis, but a firm diagnosis could not be reached. Three additional mitochondrial antibody positive subjects who were asymptomatic and exhibited normal serum alkaline phosphatase were shown on liver biopsy to have stage I primary biliary cirrhosis. The presence of a positive serum mitochondrial antibody in a patient with or without abnormalities in liver function tests strongly suggests the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7215945 TI - Clinical value of bile salt tests in anicteric liver disease. AB - Fasting and postprandial serum bile salt concentrations and intravenous glycocholate disappearance were studied in 20 patients with anicteric liver disease who had only minor abnormalities of conventional liver function tests. Abnormalities in the fasting or two hour postprandial conjugated cholate concentrations were found in all but one of the patients who had an abnormality in bilirubin concentration. In these patients, fasting and postprandial conjugated cholate concentrations were raised on average three and two times respectively above the upper limit of the reference range, while bilirubin concentration was raised only 50%. Postprandial conjugated cholate concentrations were also abnormal in two patients with normal bilirubin concentrations. Measurement of fasting and postprandial conjugated chenodeoxycholate concentration and intravenous glycocholate disappearance proved less informative than the fasting and postprandial conjugated cholate test. These results suggest that, where bilirubin concentrations are normal or only slightly raised, measurement of serum fasting and two hour postprandial conjugated cholate concentrations may prove helpful in the detection of minor abnormalities in hepatic anion transport. PMID- 7215946 TI - Autoimmunity to a liver membrane lipoprotein and liver damage in alcoholic liver disease. AB - Antibodies reacting with a liver membrane lipoprotein (LSP) have been detected by radioimmunoassay in the sera of 15 (27%) of 55 patients with alcohol-related liver lesions. There was a close association between the presence of the anti-LSP antibody and the findings on liver biopsy of a lymphocytic infiltrate in the portal tracts together with piecemeal necrosis of periportal hepatocytes. These histological features are characteristically found in the autoimmune disorder of chronic active hepatitis, in which anti-LSP antibodies are almost invariably present. It is suggested that in these cases of alcoholic liver disease there is loss of tolerance, and continued production of anti-LSP could promote periportal inflammation and accelerate the progression to cirrhosis. In the cases of acute alcoholic hepatitis without periportal inflammation studied, anti-LSP was not detected demonstrating that production of this autoantibody is not simply secondary to liver damage. PMID- 7215947 TI - Coeliac disease with severe hypogammaglobulinaemia. AB - A patient with severe late onset primary hypogammaglobulinaemia developed coeliac disease. The case illustrates that coeliac disease can occur in the virtual absence of local antibody production by plasma cells in the mucosa of the small bowel. Furthermore, our inability to demonstrate specific cellular immunity to a subfraction of gluten raises doubts about the relevance of immunological reactions in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease. PMID- 7215950 TI - The assessment of residual ovarian cancer by cytological examination of peritoneal washings obtained by culdocentesis. PMID- 7215948 TI - Demonstration of a pH gradient across mucus adherent to rabbit gastric mucosa: evidence for a 'mucus-bicarbonate' barrier. AB - We examined the ability of the mucus layer adherent to isolated pieces of rabbit gastric mucosa to maintain a pH gradient across it. Using antimony microelectrodes, a stable pH gradient was detected from pH 2.31 +/- 0.04 on the luminal side to pH 7.26 +/- 0.15 (n = 22) on the epithelial side of the mucus layer. The gradient was maintained for at least 60 minutes. A metabolic inhibitor, potassium cyanide, markedly reduced the tissues' ability to maintain this pH gradient, suggesting involvement of an active cellular process, probably that of bicarbonate secretion. These observations provide additional evidence in favour of a 'mucus-bicarbonate' barrier which may be of importance in protecting the underlying gastric mucosa. PMID- 7215949 TI - Factors affecting the healing rate of duodenal and pyloric ulcers with low-dose antacid treatment. AB - In 80 patients with duodenal ulcer, the effects of various factors--symptoms, endoscopic findings, and peak acid output (PAO)--on the healing rate were studied during eight weeks of outpatient therapy with low-dose antacid (neutralising capacity less than 50 mmol HCl/d). Fifty-six per cent of the ulcers healed. The following unfavourable factors were found to cause a significant delay in ulcer healing: a long duration of pain in the last ulcer relapse and the present period of ulcer pain, smoking, stenosis of the duodenal bulb, and a high PAO. Multiple regression analysis showed that three factors (duration of the present ulcer pain, smoking, and stenosis of the duodenum) had a significant influence on healing rate. According to the results obtained with this method, the patients with no or only one unfavourable factor (n = 35) had the best healing rate: 80%, compared with patients who had two (n = 31) or three (n = 14) unfavourable factors. The healing rate of the latter two groups was 41% and 28%, respectively (p less than 0.001). A prognostic score based on these three factors represents the severity of duodenal-ulcer disease with regard to the healing process under placebo-like doses of antacid. PMID- 7215951 TI - Untreated cervical cancer complicated by obstructive uropathy and oliguric renal failure. PMID- 7215952 TI - Combined radiation and surgical treatment of stages IB and IIA and B carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7215953 TI - Prognostic parameters in invasive vulvar cancer. PMID- 7215954 TI - Relationship between histologic grading and extrapelvic nodal metastases in cervical carcinoma. PMID- 7215957 TI - Evaluation of serial grey scale ultrasound scans in a gynecologic oncology clinic. PMID- 7215956 TI - Scalene node biopsy in primary and recurrent invasive carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7215955 TI - Hysterectomy for carcinoma in situ and sexual function. PMID- 7215958 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the vulva. A clinical and histopathological study. PMID- 7215959 TI - Prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with endometrial involvement. PMID- 7215960 TI - Steroids in ovarian and peripheral venous blood in a case of ovarian leydig cell tumor. PMID- 7215961 TI - Vulvar carcinoma with metastases to the uterus. PMID- 7215962 TI - Uterine adenosarcoma: report of a case with two further primary malignant tumors. PMID- 7215963 TI - [Day care, the day care patient and his partner]. AB - The aim of this contribution is to examine what the consequences are of an admission to a psychogeriatric dayhospital for a patient and his partner. In the first place attention has been payed to some complicating factors: on the one side the organization and function of daycare among other institutions, on the other side, at greater length, the direct care to a patient and his partner. Then, an account has been given of a pilotstudy regarding the experience of a patient and his partner in case of an admission to a psychogeriatric dayhospital. By way of literature research, information from family- and patient-meetings and Grid-data, it has been found that it is significant to involve the family in an over-all treatment, in the first place because family can give relevant supplying information; in the second place because an admission can be problematic to such an extent that a partner needs support too. Besides, the carrying-capacity of the family is of crucial importance in case of a daycare-situation. It was further put that more research has to be done into the psychological processes of an admission. PMID- 7215965 TI - [Sociotherapy in the psychogeriatric nursing home. Possibilities for a psychogeriatric sociotherapy]. AB - Terms as sociotherapy, environment therapy and the therapeutical environment have their origin in psychiatry and from there influenced various other treatment settings. The basic philosophy however is still the same: people live and are treated in social organizations which have an influence on their feeling of well being and chances on recovery. Depending on the specific characteristics, each treatment setting has developed different ways of interpreting and practicing this philosophy. One of the ways of defining the psychogeriatric interpretation of sociotherapy is the analysis of the behavior of the nurse in a psychogeriatric nursing-home, with a sociotherapeutic treatment philosophy, in relation to the patients. Evaluation of behavior in terms of its sociotherapeutic characteristics is not necessarily equivalent to sociotherapeutic behavior. It however gives a clearer view of the way a philosophy is practiced and the conditions under which this is done. PMID- 7215966 TI - [Indication procedure: how difficult we make things!]. AB - The Interim Advice of the Centrale Raad voor de Volksgezondheid, Concerning the procedure of indication in nursing homes, is directed at coordination with existing admitting procedures in homes for the elderly, but it does not take into consideration the differences between both provisions. The advice disregards the, in the meantime growing, practice of a geriatric examination which is closely connected to admission in nursing homes. PMID- 7215967 TI - [Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 7215964 TI - [Multidisciplinary diagnosis of dementia and non-dementia behavior disorders in the aged. Preliminary study for research on its course and prognosis]. AB - The need to differentiate between dementia and the so-called functional psychiatric diseases of old age is of therapeutic as well as social importance. The main symptoms of dementia--lack of memory, disorientation and cognitive disturbances--are much less clearly defined than would be desirable, despite the neuropathological changes regarded as underlying senile dementia. The disease does not always have a progressive course. Confusion is also possible with other forms of dementia, while the symptoms of dementia can also be found in so-called functional psychiatric diseases. On the basis of the literature and/of our own research, it appears that a sharper definition of senile dementia is possible. Besides clinical criteria one can make use of--partly recently introduced- diagnostic techniques, specifically a structured psychiatric interview for old people, a neuropsychological testbattery, EEG, visual evoked response techniques and CT-brain scanning. The value of these diagnostic techniques for the diagnosis and the assessment of the prognosis of senile dementia can only be determined in a follow-up study. The set-up of such a follow-up study is described. PMID- 7215969 TI - [Pneumonia in infants due to Chlamydia trachomatis]. PMID- 7215968 TI - [Carcinoma of the gallbladder]. PMID- 7215971 TI - [Conservative management of esophageal strictures]. PMID- 7215970 TI - [Micturating cystourethrography]. PMID- 7215972 TI - [Moniliasis of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7215973 TI - [Determination of optimal diphenylhydantoin dosage by monitoring serum concentrations]. PMID- 7215976 TI - [Perfluorochemical artificial blood]. PMID- 7215975 TI - [Infective endocarditis associated with colorectal carcinoma]. PMID- 7215977 TI - [Auditory tests in the diagnosis of tumors of the acoustic nerve]. PMID- 7215974 TI - [Primary omental pregnancy associated with an intrauterine device]. PMID- 7215978 TI - [Metabolism of calcium and phosphorous in pregnancy and in the newborn]. PMID- 7215979 TI - [Mechanisms of deep vein thrombosis]. PMID- 7215981 TI - [Myoglobin in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7215980 TI - [Chlamydia infections in infancy]. PMID- 7215982 TI - [Surgical reconstructive treatment of patients with malignant metastases in the skeleton]. PMID- 7215983 TI - [Is your antibiotic really necessary?]. PMID- 7215984 TI - [Prevention of mistakes in medication]. PMID- 7215986 TI - Thoughts on patient education. PMID- 7215985 TI - Use of paradox in the treatment of alcoholism. AB - Using a paradoxical approach in dealing with an alcoholic's denial of alcoholism and resistance to treatment allows the therapist to maintain an empathic stance while placing the responsibility for change on the alcoholic. The author discusses the theory of paradox, its use by Alcoholics Anonymous and Al-Anon, the power dynamics of the therapeutic process, and the specific strategies and ethics of this approach to therapy. PMID- 7215987 TI - Families under stress: perinatal social work. AB - Although the medical treatment of critically ill newborn babies has advanced significantly in recent years, treatment of a family's emotional trauma brought on by the birth of an ill baby is relatively new. The authors examine the ways a family must cope with a sickly infant and suggest how a perinatal social worker can assist the family. PMID- 7215988 TI - Emergency rooms and psychosocial services. AB - Hospital emergency rooms are being used more and more as major suppliers of health care, especially for poor people. How prevalent are psychosocial problems among their patients and how do emergency rooms handle such problems? These and other questions are dealt with in this article, which reports on a study of the use of the emergency room of a hospital in a small university town. PMID- 7215989 TI - Psychological preparation for surgical patients. AB - The prospect of surgery normally evokes anxiety, which, given the idiosyncracies of human nature, will be experienced differently by different individuals. This article examines some of the theoretical considerations of stress in general, proceeds to a discussion of stress as it is experienced by patients facing surgery, then examines the clinical application and benefits of psychological preparation of surgical patients. PMID- 7215990 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome: the social work connection. AB - It is crucial that social workers have some knowledge of fetal alcohol syndrome so that they can play a significant role in its prevention. The author suggests several kinds of intervention and describes techniques for helping the affected infant and members of the family. PMID- 7215991 TI - Expanding the role of social workers in coordination of health services. AB - The lack of connection between the two approaches to coordination--the structural approach and the case coordination approach--has hampered efforts to coordinate health care services. This article discusses the bases for integrating the two approaches and presents guidelines for expanding the role of social workers in coordination. PMID- 7215992 TI - Burnout among workers and administrators. AB - Among social workers practicing in medical centers, burnout is a widespread phenomenon. The lack of an appropriate conceptual framework has hampered attempts to alleviate the problem. This article cites causes of burnout, sets forth a typology of the phenomenon, and suggests measures to combat it. PMID- 7215993 TI - [A system for biological pressure telemetry in conscious animals (author's transl)]. AB - Cardiovascular studies on conscious laboratory animals are required for an accurate assessment in drug evaluations. However, attempts to define pharmacological significance of an agent in conscious and unrestrained animals have been limited by the techniques available for recording the cardiovascular parameters. We designed a system which can be applied to record biological pressure, such as the blood pressure, using a miniature FM-FM radio-transmitter and a receiver demodulator. The transmitter consists of a differential amplifier capable of an input signal up to 3 X 10(6) times, voltage controlled oscillator which triggers a 2-5 volts range and 76-90 MHz transmitting oscillator. The transmitter requires a 5.6 V mercury battery. Earphone output of a commercial FM radio-receiver serves for signals to the demodulator. The demodulator is based on the phase locked loop principle and is equipped with an independent output for instantaneous wave recording and the mean of this recording. Transmitting distance of the system may depend on the receiver, however, in most instances, the distance is over 39 meters, in an open field. Accuracy of the telemetering data is dependent on discharge characteristics of the mercury battery. After discharging 5%, the full capacity of the cell gives a sufficient zero stability and accurate pressure measurements. PMID- 7215994 TI - [Effect of pyrithiamine on rat sciatic nerve. (I) Morphological changes during the early stage of thiamine deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - We observed under light and electron microscopes morphological changes in the rat sciatic nerve during the early stages of a thiamine deficient state as induced by a pyrithiamine (PT: 50 microgram/100g X 6 days) and thiamine deficient diet (TDD). We simultaneously determined thiamine levels in the whole sciatic nerve of rats. Experiments were undertaken with normal control, TDD (rats fed a TDD), PT (PT treated rats) and PTD (PT treated rats fed a TDD) groups. Microscopically, there were numerous shrunken myelinated axons with myelin ovoids of folds in the PT group and many swollen ones in the PTD group. Electron microscopically, we found more advanced lesions in the PTD group than in the other groups. These ultrastructural changes were swelling of Schwann cells, enlarged rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, axonal degeneration with shrinkage, loss of organelle or abnormal myelin sheath, and proliferation of fibroblasts. The thiamine level in the PTD group decreased to 18 approximately 30% that of control in proportion to the morphological changes. On the other hand, the thiamine level in the PT group (55 approximately 61%) decreased slightly more than that of the TDD group (50 approximately 56%), but changes in morphology were vice versa. These results suggest that the morphological changes in the sciatic nerve caused by PT-induced thiamine deficiency differs from changes seen in cases of dying-back neuropathy caused by TDD-induced deficiency, and that PT itself directly affects the nervous system PMID- 7215995 TI - [Effect of pyrithiamine on rat sciatic nerve. (II) Morphological changes during the last stages of thiamine deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - We observed under light and electron microscopes morphological changes in the rat sciatic nerve during the last stages of a thiamine deficient state as induced by pyrithiamine (PT: 50 microgram/100g X 11 days) and thiamine deficient diet (TDD), in which rats experienced severe tetanic convulsions. Experiments were undertaken with normal control, PT (PT treated rats) and PTD (PT treated rats fed a TDD) groups. Grossly, 4 out of 9 rats in the PTD group had severe tetanic convulsions on the 12th day and there were no neurologic signs in the PT group. Microscopically, many of the myelinated axons in the animals in the PT group showed shrinkage with myelin ovoids and folds, but in the PTD group, there was swelling as well as shrinkage. Despite the difference in general-symptoms between the PT and the PTD groups, axonal degeneration in the both groups, as determined electron microscopically was almost to the same degree and the convulsed rats in the PTD group showed the severest changes in the myelin sheath. These ultrastructural changes included swelling or vacuolation of Schwann cells, axonal degeneration with the appearance of a myelin like structure, collection of neuro tubules or vacuoles, invasion of Schwann cell or/and myelin fragments into the periaxonal space, and active phagocytosis by the macrophages. These results suggest that PT directly affects the nervous system and that the dysfunction of the sciatic nerve following PT-induced thiamine deficiency originates from the central nervous system. PMID- 7215997 TI - [Anti-inflammatory activity of a topical glucocorticoid, fludroxycortide tape in experimental animals (author's transl)]. AB - Fludroxycortide tape is a thin plastic tape which contains a synthetic glucocorticoid, fludroxycortide of 4 microgram/cm2. fludroxycortide tape with a topical application of 1 cm2 inhibited significantly contact hypersensitivities to oxazolone and picryl chloride in the ear skin of mice and PCA caused by IgE like antibodies in the depilated abdominal skin of rats. Topical application of 1 to 4 cm2 of fludroxycortide tape produced a significant inhibition against histamine-induced vascular permeability, skin edema induced by intradermal injection of carrageenin into the depilated back and ear edema induced by topical application of croton oil in rats. Topical to oxazolone in dose-dependent manner, and had no thymolytic action, while in a dose of 100 microgram/ear, thymus atrophy occurred. Ear edema induced by croton oil was markedly inhibited by topical application of fludroxycortide (0.4 microgram/ear). Thus, fludorxycortide tape has topical anti-inflammatory activity against both allergic and non allergic inflammation in mice and rats, and the topical anti-inflammatory activity of fludroxycortide appears to be favourably dissociated from its thymolytic action. PMID- 7215996 TI - [A procedure for recording electroretinogram (ERG) in conscious monkeys, and effects of some drugs (author's transl)]. AB - Stable ERG was successfully recorded using a contact lens-type electrode in conscious cynomolgus monkeys restrained in a monkey-chair with a specially devised head-holder. After adaptation to darkness, single photostimulation evoked ERG consisting of an initial negative wave (a-wave), followed by a positive wave superimposed with oscillatory potentials (b-wave), and a late positive (c-wave). The former two waves were clearly recorded but c-wave was often mixed with artifacts probably due to eye movements. Amplitudes and peak latencies of a- and b-waves increased in progression of dark adaptation and attained to maximum within 20 min. The optimal intensity of photostimulus and time-constant for recording stable a- and b-waves with intermediate amplitudes were found to be 2 joule and 0.1 sec, respectively. The amplitudes and peak latencies (mean +/- s.d.) of a- and b-waves obtained by these conditions were 163.3 +/- 44.9 and 437.0 +/-37.9 microV, and 17.3 +/- 0.5 and 53.5 +/- 3.2 msec, respectively. These waves were reproducible within 25% variations change in a-wave: pentobarbital increased the amplitude of b-wave, whereas ketamine reduced this amplitude. A 3 day treatment with 1,5-di(p-aminophenoxy)pentane (200 mg/kg/day, p.o.), a retinal toxic and behavioral signs of visual dysfunction. Histological abnormality of the retina was also detected. The results indicate that this technique is useful for recording ERG in order to evaluate the effect of chronically treated drugs on visual perception in conscious monkeys. PMID- 7215998 TI - [Comparative study on the pharmacological activities of protizinic acid and various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (author's transl)]. AB - The potency of anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of a new anti inflammatory agent, (10-methyl-7-methoxy-2-phenothiazinyl)-2-propionic acid (protizinic acid, PRT), was compared with those of various known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in 5 experimental models. The ED30 of PRT in carrageenin edema with oral administration was 18.0 mg/kg and its potency was third following indomethacin (IM) and diclofenac sodium (DF), among the 15 agents tested. The ED50 of PRT in ultraviolet erythema with oral administration and the IC50 in protein denaturation were 1.07 mg/kg and 0.89 X 10(-5)M, respectively and the activities were the most potent among all agents. The IC50 of PRT in platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid was 5.55 X 10(-5)M and the rank of potency was sixth following to IM, DF, flufenamic acid, aluminium and ranked fifth following azapropazone, MF, alclofenac, metiazinic acid (MA), except for basic agents, mepirizole, benzydamine hydrochloride and tiaramide hydrochloride. Thus, PRT seemed to have a relatively weak ulcerogenic activity in contrast to potent anti-inflammatory activity. Also, PRT was superior to MA, an analogue of PRT, in potency of anti-inflammatory activity, in all experimental models. PMID- 7215999 TI - [General pharmacology of (alpha RS)-3-formamido-4-hydroxy-alpha-[[[(alpha RS)-p methoxy-alpha-methylphenethyl]amino]methyl] benzyl alcohol fumarate dihydrate (BD 40A), a new bronchodilator agent (author's transl)]. AB - General pharmacological properties of BD 40A, a new bronchodilator agent, were investigated and the following results were obtained. BD 40A showed no effect on the central nervous system, and little effect on the autonomic nervous system. BD 40A produced an increase in heart and respiration rates, a decrease in blood pressure, and change in ECG in both anesthetized dogs and conscious animals. These effects of BD 40A were inhibited by propranolol (beta-blocker) administration. BD 40A potentiated carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Beagle dogs. The pharmacological profile of BD 40A was similar to that of hexoprenaline which was used as the reference compound. PMID- 7216000 TI - Some observations on the ecology of the bonobo chimpanzee (Pan paniscus, Schwarz 1929) near Lake Tumba, Zaire. AB - After a brief review of the climate and forests of the central basin of Zaire, some observations on the ecology of the bonobo chimpanzees of the Lake Tumba region are presented. It was found that the bonobo is wide ranging and lives in small groups in the Lake Tumba region. Data on their social structure, nesting behavior, locomotor behavior and feeding behavior are presented and discussed. PMID- 7216001 TI - Feeding behavior of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus): relationship to age, gender and dominance rank. AB - This paper examines the relationship of age, gender and dominance rank to certain quantitative measures of food intake and diet among free-living. Amboseli baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Adult males and adult females showed no significant difference in proportion of time spent feeding although the two classes differed markedly in body weight and hence basal metabolic rate. Among adults, individuals of high, middle and low dominance status showed no consistent differences in proportion of time spent feeding. However, within the group as a whole and among adult males, high ranking individuals generally had longer feeding bout durations than lower ranking individuals. Also, high ranking individuals were less likely to have their feeding bouts aggressively interrupted than were lower ranking individuals and those individuals whose feeding bouts were most frequently interrupted showed the lowest mean feeding bout duration. Application of the Kaplan-Meier (1958) statistical procedure to these data on feeding bout duration showed that the reduction in expected bout duration due to disruptive social factors was proportionately greater among low ranking individuals than among higher ranking individuals. Quantitative analysis of dietary overlap showed that individuals of all age-sex classes except adult males had a greater degree of overlap with members of their own class than with members of other classes. Pairs of closely-ranked individuals showed greater dietary overlap than did pairs of individuals occupying more disparate rank positions. Alternative behavioral strategies for minimizing interference from high ranking individuals and at the same time assuring adequate food intake are discussed. PMID- 7216002 TI - Social organization in a group of free-ranging patas monkeys. AB - A free-ranging group of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) was studied at the Caribbean Primate Research Center through parts of a complete seasonal cycle. Analysis of the data revealed that dispersal was the major strategy utilized by individuals in the performance of intragroup social behavior. Dominance phenomena were not found to be of major importance in the organization of intragroup social behavior despite the presence of a linear, stable dominance hierarchy among the adult females. The data further suggested that genealogical relationships were relatively insignificant in their effect on the patterning of intragroup behavior. PMID- 7216004 TI - Intergroup infant kidnapping in Hanuman langur. AB - The Hanuman langur, Presbytis entellus (Primates, Cercopithecidae, Colobinae), is under investigation in its wild state around Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, since 1967. Jodhpur constitutes its extreme western range of distribution beyond which lies the Great Indian Desert. Infant transfer, infant killing [see Mohnot, 1971a, b], and intergroup infant kidnapping were frequently observed in this habitat. Details pertaining to intergroup infant kidnapping by allomothers of neighboring groups are presented here. PMID- 7216003 TI - The structure of social space among a captive group of vervet monkeys. AB - Proximity data collected during a 34-month longitudinal study of captive vervets are used to generate a quantitative, predictive model consistent with age, gender, kinship, and dominance status variables. Differential ontogenetic patterns of uterine and non-uterine passive contact and nearness are described for males and females, illustrating decreased distance with age in females and increased disperson for males. Proximal relationships are structured by kinship, although not uniformly across genders and age ranges. Higher-ranking kin-groups appear more cohesive, based on uterine contact and nearness, while non-uterine proximity is not significantly differentiated on the basis of matrilineal dominance. PMID- 7216005 TI - Banding patterns of the chromosome of Cercopithecus petaurista (Schreber, 1775): comparison with other primate species. AB - We describe the G, Q and C banding patterns and the localization of the nucleolar organizing regions in the chromosomes of Cercopithecus petaurista and compare them to those of other primate species. PMID- 7216006 TI - Progress in neurophysiological studies on epilepsy with kindling preparations. AB - In the kindling model of experimental epilepsy, long-lasting functional changes at the synaptic structures appear to be essential for persistent seizure susceptibility. Although no remarkable morphological changes have been found at the synaptic structures, there are some neuropharmacological evidences suggesting that a functional alteration in the catecholaminergic systems could be resulted following kindling and that the catecholaminergic structures may play an inhibitory role for establishing such transsynaptic changes underlying kindling. Regarding seizure generalization, two patterns of seizure generalization may be distinguished in the cortical kindling and limbic seizure. In the limbic seizure generalization, the increased connections between the limbic foci and midbrain reticular formation and/or the catecholaminergic structures seems to be important. On the other hand, functional connections between the cortical foci and generalization mechanisms, including the lower brainstem or the catecholaminergic systems, are not stronger than the limbic seizure. A long lasting functional alteration of the catecholaminergic systems that can result during kindling should be further studied in the future. PMID- 7216008 TI - The role of perinatal brain injury in the genesis of childhood epilepsy. AB - In order to elucidate the significance of perinatal brain damage in the etiology of epilepsy, 139 full-term neonates considered to have suffered a severe degree of perinatal hypoxia were examined neurologically and electroencephalographically for two-nine years. Thirty-eight (27.3%) of them developed epileptic seizures during the follow-up period. Sixteen infants developed infantile spasms at ages two-13 months, while 10 manifested generalized motor seizures mainly at one-four years. They all had neonatal background EEGs suggesting a severe degree of brain damage, although the infants with infantile spasms and myoclonic seizures showed more abnormal neonatal EEGs than those with other types of fits. The combination of multiple factors, mainly exogenous and constitutional, is necessary for the development of epileptic seizures, especially in patients with a lesser degree of brain damage. PMID- 7216009 TI - Computerized tomography in the clinical practice of epilepsy. PMID- 7216007 TI - Genetic aspects of epilepsy. PMID- 7216010 TI - A tautology in the classification of generalized non-convulsive epileptic seizures. AB - Five patients with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome who have shown generalized nonconvulsive seizures were presented. The seizure manifestations which occurred spontaneously were documented by simultaneous recording and analyzed in terms of clinical and electroencephalographic correlates. According to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification, it was possible, on the one hand, to regard them as "atypical complex absences" in which the impairment of consciousness is accompanied by other symptoms, which tend to dominate the clinical picture. They were: hypotonic, hypertonic, myoclonic and akinetic components, respectively. On the other hand, if we give a special weight to the accompanying symptoms, it is entirely possible that they are at the same time diagnosed atonic, axial tonic, bilateral myoclonic and akinetic seizures. The initial impairment of consciousness is common to all the seizure manifestations, and the ictal and interictal EEG expressions are not of diagnostic significance. A question arises as to whether two different nomenclatures were arbitrarily given to a unique ictal manifestation or not as far as the generalized non convulsive seizures were concerned. PMID- 7216011 TI - Study of the side effects of long-term anticonvulsant treatment. AB - In the present survey, we investigated the side effects of anticonvulsants in 248 epileptics who had been taking medicine for a long time. About half of the patients had been given anticonvulsant treatment for more than 11 years. The main results were as follows: Subjective symptoms: many kinds of gastrointestinal symptoms, general fatigability and sleepiness. slight pain in bones, joints or muscles and headache were found. Neurological symptoms: finger tremor at rest, diminished or decreased ankle reflex, and cerebellar symptoms such as ataxic gait, dysarthria, nystagmus and diplopia were found. Other clinical symptoms: gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, dermatitis and edema were observed. Biochemical examinations: indicated that the total bilirubin was decreased in 4.4%, serum AL P was elevated in 26.2%, the total serum cholesterol increased above 200 mg/dl in 17.7% and decreased below 150 mg/dl in 8.9%, and serum P and K were reduced in 31.5% and 2.4%, respectively. Hypocalcemia was found in only four cases (1.6%). Hematological examinations: serious disturbances were not found in hematopoietic functions, although prothrombin time was delayed in 18 of 40 patients examined. PMID- 7216013 TI - Therapeutic plasma concentration in epileptics treated with phenytoin alone. PMID- 7216012 TI - The teratological problem of antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 7216014 TI - Clinical effects of phenytoin (PHT) against various epileptic seizure types: investigation on effective serum concentration. PMID- 7216016 TI - A study on serum concentration of phenobarbital in epileptic children and children with febrile convulsions. PMID- 7216015 TI - Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetics of diphenylhydantoin and application in the pediatric age patient. PMID- 7216017 TI - Serum carbamazepine concentration--dose dependency and daily fluctuations. PMID- 7216018 TI - Follow-up survey on 131 dropout cases of epilepsy. PMID- 7216019 TI - A clinical study of patients of middle or advanced age with epilepsy. PMID- 7216021 TI - Survey on long-term institutionalized epileptic patients. PMID- 7216020 TI - Recurrence of seizure in patients with epilepsy whose attacks had been controlled by medication for 10 years or more. PMID- 7216023 TI - The condition of the struggles of people with epilepsy (3): The first fact finding survey of the members of Japanese Epilepsy Association--the condition of the struggles of families. PMID- 7216022 TI - The social prognosis of epileptics--a 10-year follow-up study. PMID- 7216024 TI - Nerve conduction study in patients with long-term anticonvulsant therapy. PMID- 7216025 TI - The clinico-electroencephalographic study on epilepsy presenting spikes continuously in the occipital area. PMID- 7216026 TI - Focal epileptiform discharges triggered by opening the eyes. PMID- 7216027 TI - EEG activation of 3 Hz spike and wave complexes, especially activation with diphenhydramine (benadryl). PMID- 7216028 TI - Factors related to psychiatric episodes in epileptics. PMID- 7216029 TI - On the so-called postictal twilight state. PMID- 7216030 TI - Schizophrenia-like psychosis with paroxysmal abnormal EEG. PMID- 7216031 TI - A study of superimposition of hysteria upon epilepsy. PMID- 7216032 TI - Epileptic psychosis: its clinical features. PMID- 7216034 TI - Epileptic Psychosis and the occurring conditions. PMID- 7216033 TI - Epileptic psychosis: its electroencephalographic manifestation and follow-up study. PMID- 7216035 TI - Paroxysmal abnormality in the electroencephalogram of normal children. PMID- 7216036 TI - Prevalence of epilepsy in Okayama prefecture: a neuroepidemiologic study. PMID- 7216040 TI - Rolandic discharges and its clinical significance. PMID- 7216037 TI - The prognosis of infantile spasms survey of 46 cases. PMID- 7216039 TI - Siblings with Rolandic (Centrotemporal) discharges in the EEGs. PMID- 7216041 TI - Auditory brain stem response in convulsive disorders of children. PMID- 7216038 TI - Long-term prognosis of 200 cases of infantile spasms. Part II: Electroencephalographic findings at the ages between 5-7. PMID- 7216042 TI - Changes in K+ associated with epileptic discharges or spreading depression. PMID- 7216043 TI - Abnormal electrolyte shift of epileptics in intra and extra blood cell. PMID- 7216044 TI - Anticonvulsant effects of bromocriptine and effects of haloperidol on kindled convulsions. PMID- 7216045 TI - Purification of phenytoin-binding site from the brain. PMID- 7216046 TI - Brain glutathione and seizures. PMID- 7216047 TI - The local and remote effect of focal spikes on somatosensory evoked potential of the rat. PMID- 7216048 TI - A trial to produce acute and chronic focal epileptic models with subpial injection of ferrous chloride solution. PMID- 7216049 TI - Neuronal activities of the cerebellar nuclei during the penicillin-induced spike wave paroxysms in cat. PMID- 7216050 TI - The role of the midbrain reticular formation and the nucleus ventralis anterior in the amygdaloid kindling in cats. PMID- 7216051 TI - Experimental study on epileptogenic transference phenomena in kindled Senegales baboons, papio papio. PMID- 7216052 TI - Alterations of auditory evoked response following frontal or amygdaloid kindling phenomenon. PMID- 7216053 TI - Two cases of glioblastoma associated with only epileptic seizures for a long-term duration--CT and EEG considerations. PMID- 7216054 TI - Tonic mesencephalic seizure with posterior fossa lesion. PMID- 7216055 TI - Surgical treatment of epilepsy--recent cases of topectomy. PMID- 7216056 TI - Follow-up study of children with febrile convulsions. PMID- 7216057 TI - Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in cerebrospinal fluid in children with febrile convulsion and epilepsy. PMID- 7216058 TI - Pattern discrimination of EEGs in children and simple febrile convulsions. PMID- 7216059 TI - Cranial computed tomography in children with epilepsy. PMID- 7216060 TI - Computed tomography (CT) in childhood epilepsy. PMID- 7216061 TI - EEG studies of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with atypical absence attacks as a first symptom: a case report. PMID- 7216062 TI - Two cases of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with epileptic seizures and psychotic symptoms. PMID- 7216063 TI - A case of ichthyosis vulgalis associated with schizophrenia-like psychosis and spike-wave stupor. PMID- 7216064 TI - A case of epilepsy with ictal metamorphopsia. PMID- 7216065 TI - Psychomotor status: case reports and proposal for classification. PMID- 7216066 TI - Clinical and electroencephalographic study of temporal lobe status. AB - 1. The temporal lobe status appears at a rate of once every 3-5 minutes. 2. The duration of a single temporal lobe seizure is varied, ranging from 10 seconds to 140 seconds. 3. The EEG during seizures is characterized by a generalization of 15-32 Hz recruiting epileptic rhythm which may become 3-7 Hz slow waves later in some cases, 3-7 Hz paroxysmal rhythmic waves. 4. The clinical symptoms are colorful, including apnic seizures, verbal automatism, facial muscle twitching, versive seizure and tonic seizure. The clinical symptoms depend on the size and depth of focus and the scope of propagation of discharge. 5. Generalization cannot be attained merely by the firing of focus that has been formed secondarily. The firing of primary focus is indispensable as the condition for generalization. 6. The focus depends more on the time of the disappearance of discharges than on the site of the primary onset of paroxysm. Particularly important is the length of duration of ictal discharges. 7. The cortico-cortical synapse and the cortico-subcortical pathways were considered the sources of epileptic propagation. PMID- 7216067 TI - Effects of play therapy on hyperkinetic children with psychomotor epilepsy. PMID- 7216068 TI - The use of lidocaine in the management of status epilepticus. PMID- 7216070 TI - Migraine and epilepsy. PMID- 7216071 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the vibrato of singers]. PMID- 7216069 TI - Myasthenia gravis and epilepsy. PMID- 7216072 TI - [Radiologic method for the diagnosis of superior laryngeal nerve paresis]. PMID- 7216073 TI - Perceptual and spectrographic study of tense voice in normal hearing and deaf subjects. PMID- 7216074 TI - Registers. PMID- 7216075 TI - Comparison of methods for assessing vocal function. PMID- 7216076 TI - Incidence of HBsAg in blood samples submitted to the metropolitan police forensic science laboratory. AB - In survey carried out at the Metropolitan Police Forensic Science Laboratory, the frequency of HBsAg positive blood samples, being submitted for grouping purposes, was estimated to be 1.6%. This figure is significantly higher than that quoted for the general population. PMID- 7216079 TI - Comparative study of ethanol levels in blood versus bone marrow, vitreous humor, bile and urine. AB - Post-mortem ethanol levels in blood were compared to corresponding levels in rib bone marrow, vitreous humor, urine and bile. In forensic toxicology, a good correlation between blood and a tissue or body fluid is needed to estimate a blood alcohol concentration when blood is unavailable or contaminated. In this study, direct injection and headspace gas-chromatographic techniques were employed to quantitate the ethanol concentrations. Comparable findings by these two techniques showed a reproducibility of results. When the determined bone marrow ethanol levels were corrected for the lipid fraction, a consistent correlation could be established between ethanol levels in blood and bone marrow. The relationship (linearity and ratio range) between ethanol levels in blood and corrected levels in bone marrow was better than that between blood and vitreous humor, bile or urine. This study showed that blood ethanol levels can be predicted by extrapolating the corrected rib bone marrow ethanol level. PMID- 7216078 TI - Experimental evaluation of rigor mortis. V. Effect of various temperatures on the evolution of rigor mortis. AB - Objective measurements were carried out to study the evolution of rigor mortis on rats at various temperatures. Our experiments showed that: (1) at 6 degrees C rigor mortis reaches full development between 48 and 60 hours post mortem, and is resolved at 168 hours post mortem; (2) at 24 degrees C rigor mortis reaches full development at 5 hours post mortem, and is resolved at 16 hours post mortem; (3) at 37 degrees C rigor mortis reaches full development at 3 hours post mortem, and is resolved at 6 hours post mortem; (4) the intensity of rigor mortis grows with increase in temperature (difference between values obtained at 24 degrees C and 37 degrees C); and (5) and 6 degrees C a "cold rigidity" was found, in addition to and independent of rigor mortis. PMID- 7216077 TI - The ABO(H) paradoxical and aberrant secretion in human saliva. AB - The paradoxical secretion and aberrant secretion of the ABH substances have been studied in the saliva of 251 and 283 subjects, respectively. A standardized hemagglutination-inhibition method was used and the results were scored by an Inhibition Index. Frequencies of 4.3% for paradoxical secretion and of 5.3% for aberrant secretion were observed. Gel chromatography on Sephadex G-25 showed that only the paradoxical secretors have in their saliva the oligosaccharides which inhibit nonspecifically the anti-A, anti-B and anti-H reagents. PMID- 7216081 TI - Iatrogenic fractures of the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage. A case report. AB - A case of fracture of the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage is reported as a complication to resuscitation. This gave rise to many forensic as well as police investigations and stresses the importance of detailed information at medicolegal autopsies as regards the resuscitation carried out. PMID- 7216080 TI - Post-mortem finding of a non-fatal left heart ventricle perforation by a pleural drain. A case report. AB - A 76-year-old male with a previous history of heart arrhythmia and decompensation was treated for a complicated thoraco-abdominal trauma. Accidentally, a pleural drain was inserted in his heart through the ventricular septum, perforating the left ventricle, the drain tip being buried in its posterior wall. This injury was not recognized until autopsy. The patient died 7 days after insertion of the drain of lung emboli, which were related to his primary trauma and not to the heart perforation. PMID- 7216082 TI - Identification of hemoglobin derivatives by means of electrofocusing. AB - A method for the identification and quantitation of hemoglobin derivatives is described. Samples diluted 1 in 100 were applied to precoated polyacrylamide-gel plates containing an Ampholine gradient of pH 3.5 - 9.5 and focused for 1.5 h at a constant 40 W. All hemoglobins under investigation wee characterized by specific patterns which allow them to be differentiated. Electrofocusing is recommended for screening tests, but quantitative evaluation using densitometry is possible as well. PMID- 7216083 TI - The influence of putrefactive changes on the determination of Paraquat in autopsy materials. AB - This paper describes how the putrefactive changes in a cadaver will influence the determination of Paraquat in autopsy material. The carcasses of rats that had been given large doses of Paraquat and subsequently killed by cervical dislocation, were left at room temperature for up to seven days. Samples of stomach, caecum and liver were removed for the colorimetric determination of Paraquat with sodium dithionite following extraction on a Dowex 50W-4 column. Paraquat recovered from the stomach and caecum showed a decrease with time after death with the rate of decrease being greater in the caecum samples. However, the concentration of Paraquat in the liver increased for three days and then began to decrease gradually. The possible causes of these variations in Paraquat recovery are discussed. The findings appear to demonstrate the value of Paraquat determination even in samples from material that is in a state of advanced putrefaction. PMID- 7216086 TI - [Challenge of the physician in the intensive care unit]. AB - Our second article on the physician's responsibility deals with the problem how a doctor can resist the challenge of misery and fault at the intensive care unit. PMID- 7216084 TI - Sex determination from plucked human hairs without epithelial root sheath. III. Fluorescent feulgen reaction using acriflavine. AB - In order to determine sex from plucked human hair roots devoid of epithelial root sheath, the frequency of the X-chromatin was examined in hair cortex nuclei of plucked hairs stained by the fluorescent Feulgen reaction using acriflavine. There was a distinct difference between male and female hairs, the frequency ranging from 27% to 70% (average 45.8%) in female samples and from 0% to 8% (average 2.9%) in male samples. The difference in the frequency between male and female was detected in samples kept in a dried condition for 32 weeks. PMID- 7216085 TI - Effect of water immersion on seminal stains on cotton cloth. AB - Reports on identification of seminal stains and spermatozoa on washed clothing are available. However, their detection on such clothing seems to depend on the washing material and the procedure adopted. It is reported here that prolonged immersion in water does not affect the detection of stains and spermatozoa. Results of experiments on water-immersed cotton clothing from 12 to 144 hours of water immersion are presented here. It is seen that intact human spermatozoa could be detected on such material even at 120 hours. PMID- 7216087 TI - [Special problems in the pharmacotherapy of geriatric patients]. PMID- 7216088 TI - [Drug interactions in gastroenterology]. PMID- 7216089 TI - [Pharyngeal diseases - conclusion. Part 10: Malignant pharyngeal tumors]. PMID- 7216091 TI - [Abnormalities from teratogens in humans]. PMID- 7216090 TI - [The industrially-prepared reducing diet]. PMID- 7216092 TI - [Differential diagnosis of space-occupying kidney lesions. Comparison of sonographic and computer tomography examinations]. PMID- 7216093 TI - [Bioavailability of various iron preparations following oral medication]. AB - We investigated the bioavailability of 3 oral iron preparations by using postabsorption serum iron concentration curves. "Slow release" preparations showed lower absorption curves than "quick release" drugs, but in all cases the serum iron levels increased significantly. PMID- 7216094 TI - [Geel, the concept of psychiatric family therapy passed on. Possibilities and limits in today's psychiatry]. PMID- 7216095 TI - [Joint diseases as the early clinical symptom of hemochromatosis]. AB - In three patients arthropathy was the earliest symptom of hemochromatosis. Two of these patients had a precirrhotic stage of hemochromatosis. The liver histology of the third patient showed a beginning cirrhosis. The serum iron ranged from 212 to 260 micrograms/dl. The transferrin saturation was 95-100%. Serum iron and transferrin should be determined in all patients with arthralgias, since arthropathy may be the first clinical sign of hemochromatosis. PMID- 7216097 TI - [Occupational hygiene in the physician's practice. 2: List of disinfectants]. PMID- 7216096 TI - [Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. 2: Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, course, prognosis, neuropathology, therapy]. AB - The diagnosis of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is rarely established, mainly because abortive cases are common. The principal symptoms are recurrent circumscribed swelling mostly of the orofacial region, peripheral facial paralysis and lingua plicata, which is nowadays no longer regarded as pathognostic. The syndrome is defined best as general disorder respectively "recurrent edematous granulomatosis" with specific pathoclisis to "angioneurotic intermittent edemas". The--non obligatory--classical histological finding is cheilitis granulomatosa. Etiopathogenesis, clinic, symptomatology and therapy are dealt with. Disorders of the function of the salivary glands, vegetative marginal symptoms, extrafacial intermittent edemas, cranial nerve syndromes and mostly mild peripheral neural and/or CNS syndromes along with psychiatric disorders are communicated. Atypical constellations of symptoms, differential diagnosis and neuropathological results are discussed. Finally neurovegetative, pathophysiological and phylogenetic aspects as well as therapeutic principles are mentioned. PMID- 7216098 TI - [Hemorrhage and blood replacement. 1. Pathophysiology of hemorrhage, clinical picture and diagnostic measures]. PMID- 7216099 TI - [Familial incidence of Crohn disease]. AB - This study reports about the frequent incidence of Crohn's disease in four families. This evidence in confirmed by literature. Relatives of patients with Crohn's disease are ten times more likely to suffer from that disease than those of healthy families. Familial accumulation of Crohn's disease can possibly be explained by genetic factors. Other factors like autoimmunological processes, infections, overnutrition and deficient composition of alimentation with refined carbohydrates might start Crohn's diseases in these families. PMID- 7216100 TI - [Osteoporosis therapy and thyroid function. Influence of 6 months of sodium fluoride treatment on thyroid function and bone density]. AB - 26 women were treated for osteoporosis with 40 mg of sodium fluoride twice a day (equivalent 36 mg of fluorine) for a longer period. Mostly by reason of incompatibility, a reduction to half of the dose was necessary in six of these patients. The control of plasma fluoride concentration indicated that only 10 patients took their medicine regularly. Before treatment as well as three and six months after beginning of treatment the patients were examined. In these examinations bone density was measured across the middle phalanx of the middle finger with a I-125-profile scanner. Size and function of the thyroid gland were evaluated by clinical aspects and with in vivo- and in vitro-methods for thyroid diagnostic. The program includes also a check up with a 12 canal-serum autoanalyzer. In 10 patients with warranted regular intake of the drug the increase of bone density was significant after three months already. In all 26 patients a considerable increase of the alkaline phosphatase after three months was evident. Under the influence of sodium fluoride no change was seen in function and size of thyroid gland. This result verifies the efficiency of sodium fluoride in osteoporosis-therapy without any measurable influence on thyroid function. PMID- 7216103 TI - [Special hospitals and health resorts for the treatment of children with respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 7216104 TI - [Heart conotruncal malformations. Significance of conal development and connection]. AB - In order to improve clarity in definition and classification 320 cases of conotruncal malformations were examined. At present time the hypothesis of conal development (Van Praagh 1972) and the segmental approach to diagnosis contributed the most to better understanding and differentiation. In complex defects the identification of cardiac segments and spatial relations of their components is not sufficient for classification. On the basis of ventriculoarterial connection a classification is easily to achieve. PMID- 7216102 TI - [DNA repair in xeroderma pigmentosum]. AB - DNA-repair of two patients affected with xeroderma pigmentosum was evaluated in lymphocytes after UV-exposure by mitotic index, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and nucleoid sedimentation. The first patient showed no increase in SCE-rate and a sedimentation profile typical of repair deficient cells. In the second patient an increase in SCE-rate and a considerable, but delayed DNA-repair activity in nucleoid sedimentation was found indicating 2 genetically different defects of DNA-repair. In the second patient a defect of postreplication repair is assumed. PMID- 7216101 TI - [Therapy of the malnourished fetus. Organ distribution of intraamniotic alpha amino-isobutyric acid]. AB - After intraamniotic injection alpha-amino-isobutteracid is resorbed rapidly by the fetus. High concentrations can be found in liver, lungs, placenta and serum. Main organs of resorption are the intestine but also placenta and lungs. Resorption and distribution of substances occur more rapidly in younger fetus than in later stages of pregnancy. In spite of different haemodynamic and function of some fetal organs there are a lot parallels in the fetal preterm and newborn infant physiology. Because of the capacity of the fetal intestinal mucosa to resorb high molecular substances without hydrolysis, there appears a possibility of a compensatory paraplacental nutrition in certain cases. This is especially important as this way of nutrition is of significance physiologically in certain early stages of pregnancy. PMID- 7216105 TI - [Syphilis today. Part 1: Epidemiology, clinical aspects]. PMID- 7216106 TI - [Oral contraceptives and oral candidiasis]. PMID- 7216109 TI - [The technical assistant in medicine]. PMID- 7216110 TI - [The epidemiologic situation of infectious disease in West Germany in 1979]. AB - A survey is given of the occurrence of communicable diseases in the Federal Republic of Germany including Berlin (West) in 1979. The epidemiological situation was dominated by salmonellosis, infectious hepatitis, scarlet fever, and meningitis. There was a striking increase in imported tropical diseases, such as malaria and leprosy. Poliomyelitis continued to decrease. There was an insignificant number of influenza cases in the winter 79/80. Due to the coming into force of the Amendment of the Federal Communicable Diseases Act on 1 January 1980 the obligation to notify communicable diseases has been changed in some respects. Moreover, the statistical data on communicable diseases have been collected and published only quarterly. PMID- 7216108 TI - [A low-risk substance for the lowering of reused levels of blood lipids]. PMID- 7216111 TI - [Pelvic chondroma]. AB - Chondroma as a cartilage forming tumor ist localized in up to 50% of the cases in the small bones of the hands and feet, where it is considered a benign tumor. The closer the localization is towards the trunk, the more probable is potential malignancy. The problem is discussed describing two cases with chondroma of the pelvis, which developed into chondrosarcoma. As there could not be achieved any therapeutical success with radiation and chemotherapy, therapy must consist in excochleation, i.e. en-bloc-resection, special alloarthroplasty or hemipelvectomy. The more radical and the sooner the operation is performed, the higher is the chance of survival. PMID- 7216107 TI - [The recognition and treatment of drug dependence. Part 1: General problems, diagnosis]. PMID- 7216112 TI - [Occupational hygiene in the physician's practice. 1: Accident prevention regulations in health occupations, basics of a hygiene plan in physician's practice, practical suggestions for occupational hygiene in laboratories]. PMID- 7216114 TI - [The significance of ophthalmology in current social medicine]. AB - Report on the connection between ophthalmology and actual social medicine by means of 4 different investigations the results of which are stated. PMID- 7216113 TI - [Women in the chemical industry. Occupational medicine problems]. AB - Report on women working in the chemical industry. Attention is drawn to the occupational medicine problems: sex-specific physical differences, occupational protection for women, rate of sickness -- absences, accidents, problems regarding health, double amount of stress -- part-time employment, health awareness of the working women, precautional and rehabilitation measures, and measures beneficial to health. PMID- 7216115 TI - [Studies on changes of hemodynamics and regional myocardial blood flow after acute myocardial infarction in conscious dogs and effects of diltiazem hydrochloride on these changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216116 TI - [Studies on the role of endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of prolactin secretion in the rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216117 TI - [Mechanism of immunological recognition of autologous testicular cells--analysis by delayed footpad reaction in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216118 TI - [Wound repair of the mouse cerebral cortex--implantation of silver clip (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216119 TI - [Standard therapy of acute myocardial infarction.--I: General management (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216120 TI - [Standard therapy of acute myocardial infarction.--II. Management of hemodynamic complications. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216121 TI - Intracoronary thrombolysis in evolving myocardial infarction. PMID- 7216123 TI - Myocardial ischemia and angina pectoris: the clinical problem in patients. AB - The morbidity and mortality suffered by patients with coronary artery disease is probably caused by the development of myocardial ischemia. Angina pectoris occurs not only during stress but also at rest and at night. This suggests that myocardial ischemia may be caused by a variety of mechanisms. Ambulatory monitoring of ST segment changes was performed in 60 patients presenting with angina, positive ECG stress tests and coronary artery disease. 85% of ischemic ECG events were asymptomatic, 37% occurred with no increase in heart rate and 15% of episodes either lasted 20 minutes or more or fluctuated in severity. A controlled pilot study in ten patients showed that the combination of high dose propranolol and nifedipine produced a significant decrease in chest pain and episodes of ST depression. Radionuclide studies in 50 patients with angina and coronary artery disease have shown that stress (i.e., atrial pacing) produced different patterns of disturbed regional myocardial perfusion related to the patient's exercise capacity and eventually leading to a decrease in regional myocardial perfusion during the ischemic episode. St segment depression appeared only after the decrease in regional myocardial perfusion. These findings combined with past research suggest that patients with angina and coronary artery disease can suffer frequent asymptomatic disturbances of the regional myocardial perfusion. The frequency of these episodes and the time course for the recovery of the metabolic consequences mean that segments of ventricular myocardium may be constantly abnormal. The relative importance of changes in coronary tone and malfunction of platelets in the diseased coronary tree needs to be examined in clinical research. Pilot studies of antiplatelet agents have shown a significant beneficial effect on episodes of ischemia occurring at night and those occurring without any increase in heart rate. The techniques and observations in these patients with coronary artery disease all suggest that acute transient regional myocardial ischemia is caused by a variety of mechanisms. Further research using objective methods is required to discover the causes of ischemia and to rationalize treatment. f PMID- 7216122 TI - [Fibrinolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Fibrinolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarction with streptokinase and urokinase has now been under investigation for almost 20 years. Initially encouraging reports of beneficial effects of streptokinase were not substantiated by carefully controlled studies performed on coronary care and intensive care units. Studies carried out during the last tne years were characterized by non uniform trial conditions and results. Similarly, to date no clearly beneficial effects of urokinase could be established. In order to provide more concise analysis, the "European Cooperative Study Group for Streptokinase Treatment in Myocardial Infarction" conducted a multi-center controlled trial. Patients were allocated to risk-groups. Three-hundred fifteen patients with medium and high risk were randomized to a 24-hour infusion of streptokinase or glucose. The overall mortality within six months was significantly lower in the streptokinase group (p less than 0.01) contributed primarily by eight of the eleven centers. Only 13.5% of patients with myocardial infarction, however, were eligible for the study. Interpretation of the results yielded no indication of the nature of the fibrinolytic effects nor how the benefit could be explained pathophysiologically. Furthermore, it remains questionable whether systemically-administered streptokinase can lyse coronary thrombosis or reduce the size of myocardial necrosis. An indirect effect of streptokinase through lowering of blood viscosity and subsequently, peripheral capillary resistance may represent a theoretical possibility. the indication of routine systemic administration of streptokinase has not yet been established. Recent reports of promising results obtained by direct, intracoronary infusion of thrombolytic agents indicate that this alternative may lead to realization of a specific effect in reduction of coronary thrombosis and, consequently, myocardial necrosis. PMID- 7216124 TI - Liver regeneration in the presence of high protein and organ-containing diets. AB - Rats, mostly young adult males, were partially hepatectomized and administered a variety of plant, yeast and animal proteins as well as raw and cooked fresh pig organs and blood, fetal pig carcass and organs, lean beef and human term placenta over a period of 10 days. Each agent at 25% protein or in terms of 25--30% dry solids, was introduced into an aqueous mixture supplemented with salts, vitamins, corn oil and glucose. Except for a few discrepancies, liver regeneration was stimulated by most of the organ diets, the activity being similar to that of several designated controls as casein, whole blood, fibrin and wheat gluten. Egg albumin, oat flour, brain, fetal pig organs and gelatin, among others, caused depressions in regenerative activity. The proteins were also incorporated into a cellulose medium in order to study the effect of protein levels of up to 50%. The liver increment or the amount of tissue regenerated were directly related to the level of protein fed and a comparison of the effects of casein and its hydrolysate prepared enzymatically, revealed that the action of the various diets is directly related to the amino acid contents or to the protein equivalence, the essential amino acids being present. No unique role could be ascribed to the stimulatory action of raw and cooked liver as compared to the other organs investigated in the same series. The wet and dry liver to total body weight ratios for intact rats fed the present diets over the same period correlated with the increment findings for the operated animals to a moderate degree. PMID- 7216125 TI - Gastrinemia, serum minerals and calciotropic hormones following highly selective vagotomy in duodenal ulcer patients. Results of a 1-year study. AB - Duodenal ulcer patients with normal (n = 36) or increased (n = 24) gastric acid production during maximal pentagastrin stimulation, were examined preoperatively and at different intervals (up to 1 year) after highly selective vagotomy (HSV). Fasting levels of gastrin, parathormone, calcitonin, proteins, calcium and magnesium fractions, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were determined in serum, those of glucagon in plasma. Both types of patients have the same gastrin levels preoperatively (approx. 36 pg-equiv./ml). Magnesium and alkaline phosphatase are significantly higher in patients with a normal secretory response than in those with hypersecretion. The postoperative gastrin increase is significantly higher in the former than in the latter, while postoperative glucagon levels drop in both groups. The analysis of calcium fractions and the dissociation constant did not show any HSV-mediated change in calcium metabolism. The magnesium levels, however, are lower one year after the operation than in the pre-operative period in patients with normosecretion. In this group parathormone and calcitonin remain unchanged while in patients with a hypersecretory response a slight (parathormone) or moderate (calcitonin) tendency towards low values can be recognized in the post-operative period. We conclude that the duodenal ulcer patients probably belong to groups with different pathophysiological behaviour which do not have identical reactions to HSV. Imbalances in the metabolism of minerals and that of related hormones could not be demonstrated up to one year after HSV. PMID- 7216126 TI - Plasma lysozyme levels and decay of neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with Crohn's disease. AB - In patients with Crohn's disease, the lysozyme concentration in plasma was compared with the Crohn's disease activity index, the granulocyte lysozyme content, the number of circulating neutrophilic granulocytes in peripheral blood and the unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity of the plasma cobalophilins as an index for the granulocyte decay. There was no difference in the lysozyme content of granulocytes from patients and controls. Patients with increased plasma lysozyme levels suffered from a more active disease and had larger numbers of circulating granulocytes in their blood than those with normal plasma lysozyme levels. The plasma lysozyme levels correlated well with the cobalophilin levels, in patients with increased levels even more markedly than in those with normal levels. The results suggest that in patients with Crohn's disease increased plasma lysozyme levels are due to an increase in granulocyte decay. PMID- 7216127 TI - The effect of pindolol and salmon calcitonin on experimental gastric ulcers in rats. AB - Many different experimental models for the induction of gastric ulcers have been reported in rats. Most of these experimental designs are often not reproducible and the interpretation of the results obtained is sometimes difficult. In the present study, three different models were found to give reliable and reproducible results, which could be repeated at any time of the year with different experimenters performing the procedure. To date, these methods are in our opinion, the best in designing gastric ulcer experiments and assessing the effect of pharmacological active substances. Two pharmacological active substances were investigated in the present study, pindolol, a beta-blocking agent with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and salmon calcitonin, a hormone influencing calcium homeostasis in blood. Using all three different models no effect was seen after pindolol administration, while a strong inhibitory effect on the formation of gastric ulcers was observed after salmon calcitonin. Following ligation of the pylorus, the ulcer formation rate was significantly decreased from 80 to 33% with a significant fall in ulcer index from 2 to 0.42 and reduction of the ulcer areas from 6.6 to 0.58 mm2 (p less than 0.05). In addition, following phenylbutazone administration the appearance of gastric ulcers was diminished after salmon calcitonin from 1.4 to 0.43 and in ulcer area from 4.5 to 0.95 mm2 (p less than 0.01). These three ulcer models used in the present study were found to be very reliable as compared with other models reported in the literature and tested in our laboratory. PMID- 7216128 TI - Metabolism of C-terminal pentapeptide of gastrin in the rat. Part IV. Catabolic pathways of the N-terminal BOC-14C-glycine fragment. AB - The catabolism of the 14C-labelled pentagastrin was investigated in rats. The following results were found: -- the labelled BOC-glycine fragment is split off the pentagastrin in the small intestine -- it is absorbed through the intestinal wall, and -- enters first the portal and then the systemic circulation. PMID- 7216129 TI - Malabsorption following aorto-femoral bypass. AB - A case of malabsorption which developed after aortofemoral bypass surgery is described. Barium enema showed ischemic changes, and postoperative arteriography revealed marked reduction of the peripheral vascular bed of the mesenteric arteries. Malabsorption probably developed as a consequence of mesenteric ischemia, aggravated by the surgical procedure, the so-called aorto-iliac steal syndrome. PMID- 7216130 TI - Therapeutic angiography. PMID- 7216131 TI - Light and electron microscopy of human liver before and during chenodeoxycholic acid therapy. AB - Thirteen patients (9 women, 4 men) with solitary (7) or multiple (6) radiolucent gallstones were treated with 1.0 g/day CDCA over a period of 7--17 months (mean 10.2). Routine liver function tests showed no changes compared to pre-treatment values, except a moderate elevation of SGPT activity in one patient. Serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels remained unchanged during therapy. 21 liver biopsies in 11 patients compared to pre-treatment controls studied by light and electron microscopy revealed no lesions in hepatic structure, especially no signs of cholestasis. Only some unspecific changes in liver ultrastructure as shown during therapy with other drugs developed during CDCA treatment (lipofuscin depositions, swollen and condensed mitochondria and a dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum). It is, therefore, concluded that CDCA therapy for gallstone dissolution has no hepatotoxic side effects. PMID- 7216132 TI - Intra-hepatic percutaneous deposition of radioactive xenon (133Xe) as a means of measuring hepatic blood flow. AB - Percutaneous deposition of radioactive xenon in the hepatic parenchyma is suggested as a technique for estimating the hepatic blood flow. The authors applied this procedure, which can be repeated at very short intervals, twice in 5 patients suffering from schistosomiasis, and in 6 controls. The percentage of deviation from the mean was calculated by means of two measurements performed in each individual, and was less than 10% in 63.6% of the cases. Higher variations up to 30% can be attributed either to irregular liver perfusion or to oscillations due to emotional distress of the waking subject. The mean value obtained in normal control subjects was 46.7 ml/min per 100 g liver weight. No significant difference was seen between the mean values obtained in patients suffering from schistosomiasis and in the controls. The use of inert gases presents considerable advantages such as rapid diffusion and immediate elimination. However, the varying degree of fatty degeneration with its corresponding changes in the distribution coefficient between gas and tissue, restricts the use of this method in hepatic disorders. PMID- 7216133 TI - Liver tumours--new aspects. PMID- 7216134 TI - Hydralazine-induced hepatitis. AB - Three patients developed hepatic injury two months, ten months and two years, respectively, after hydralazine therapy for hypertension. Clinical and biochemical recovery followed discontinuation of drug therapy. Liver biopsies of the three patients revealed varying degrees of centrilobular necrosis. Complement 3 and Complement 4 levels were measured and found to be low in the patient with poor liver synthetic function, as was evident from the low serum albumin level and prolonged prothrombin time. Hydralazine-induced liver injury may be due to abnormality of drug metabolism in the liver. PMID- 7216135 TI - Infectivity markers in HBsAg chronic carriers and intrafamilial spread of hepatitis B virus infection. AB - Sera from 28 HBsAg chronic carriers were tested for the presence of HBeAg, anti HBe and Dane particle-associated DNA-polymerase activity, in order to evaluate the relationship between the presence of these markers and the spread of HBV infection in their family contacts. A highly significant prevalence of HBV infection was observed in the relatives of HBsAg carriers who were positive for either HBeAg or DNA-polymerase activity or both. These observations support the inference of a striking correlation between the presence of these markers and the infectivity of HBsAg carriers. Therefore, serological determination of HBeAg and DNA-polymerase activity may be considered in the epidemiological control of HBV infection PMID- 7216137 TI - Liver size in hepatobiliary disease and in jejuno-ileal bypass. AB - The size of the liver, as a clinical sign, is more informative when determined with a quantitative method than when evaluated with the clinical methods available to date. With a quantitative roentgenologic method for calculation of the liver volume, the size of the organ is analyzed in hepatobiliary disease and in obesity treated wih jejuno-ileal bypass. PMID- 7216136 TI - Ultrastructural changes in human liver cells due to reversible acute hypoxia. AB - The ultrastructural alterations in human liver cells have been studied in reversible acute hypoxia. After thoracic and/or craniocerebral injury, the arterial oxygen saturation was under 60 mm Hg, and the circulation was intact, in all 20 patients. The hepatic cells were characterized by depletion of glycogen, swelling of the mitochondria with some irregularity of their membranes, and swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as by the appearance of large hypoxic vacuoles. PMID- 7216138 TI - Operation-sequel carcinoma--an experimental study. AB - Gastric-stump carcinoma, a special form of gastric carcinoma, is seen as a late complication of gastric surgery performed on the carcinoma-free stomach. In the present experimental series a considerable number of carcinomas were observed, for the first time, in rats after gastric surgery without additional application of a carcinogen. The rate of malignancies arising in the gastric stump correlates closely with the intensity of the duodenogastric reflux provoked by different surgical procedures. The important role of duodenogastric reflux for the development and growth of gastric stump carcinoma is thus established beyond doubt. While bearing in mind the need for caution in translating experimental results to man, this study does suggest the value of reflux-preventing techniques in the surgical management of gastric diseases. Patients who have undergone an operation are at increased risk of developing carcinoma, and therefore require consequent and regular follow-up examination. The introduction of surgical prophylaxis and careful postoperative surveillance are the only effective methods for the prevention of gastric stump carcinoma. PMID- 7216139 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of chemically induced autochthonous colonic tumors in rats. AB - The suitability of using coloscopy as a diagnostic method is investigated with respect to colonic carcinomas induced locally by the administration of N nitrosoacetoxymethyl-methylamine, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, and methylnitro nitrosoguanidine, or systemically by subcutaneous injection of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine in Sprague-Dawley rats. The endoscopic diagnostic examination proved to be clearly superior to methods of animal inspection, palpation, investigation for occult blood and exploratory laparotomy which have so far been employed in animal experiments with small rodents. The relevance of this method is discussed for the early detection of chemically induced colonic tumors, and the observation of tumor development under experimental cytostatic therapy. PMID- 7216141 TI - Nine cases with marked retention of indocyanine green test and normal sulfobromophthalein test without abnormal liver histology: constitutional indocyanine green excretory defect. AB - Nine patients revealed marked retention in the indocyanine green (ICG) test and the normal sulfobromophthalein (BSP) test. The results of liver function tests in these cases were within normal limits with the exception of the ICG test. The ICG plasma disappearance rate ranged from 0.017 to 0.025, whereas that of BSP ranged from 0.058 to 0.126. The transfer rate of ICG from plasma to liver markedly decreased on two-compartmental analysis of the ICG decay curve. A transient delay of the ICG plasma disappearance (step formation) on the decay curve was observed over 20 to 25 minutes after an injection in all cases after repeated observation. Binding of ICG to plasma proteins in these cases failed to demonstrate a significant difference from normal subjects. The fasting serum bile acid levels in two cases and postprandial serum bile acid level in one case were normal. Light microscopic findings of the liver revealed normal histology. Electron microscopic findings showed increase of lipofuscin-like lysosomes, modification and paracrystalline-like array of mitochondria, and an increase of reticulum fiber in Disse's space. It is suggested that these cases represent a new type of dye excretory disorder of the liver with impaired hepatic uptake of ICG. PMID- 7216142 TI - Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by pancreatic oncofetal antigen (poa) in pure pancreatic juice. AB - Pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA) was detected in the pure pancreatic juice by double immunodiffusion assay in a series of patients, using anti-POA prepared by immunizing rabbits with human fetal pancreas homogenate. The test was positive in as many as 72% of the patients with pancreatic cancer studied, whereas only less than 10% of patients with other diseases or normal controls were positive for this antigen, thus suggesting a potential usefulness of the pure pancreatic juice assay for POA in the diagnosis of cancer of the pancreas. The POA has proven to be distinct from such oncofetal antigens as AFP and CEA, to be labile to heating at 85 degrees C, to show beta-mobility on immunoelectrophoresis and to have a molecular weight of approximately 37,000 as estimated by gel filtration chromatography. PMID- 7216140 TI - The watery diarrhea syndrome with hypercalcemia--a symptomatic response to phosphate buffer. AB - Two patients with the watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria syndrome are described. Both had hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and suppressed parathyroid hormone activity. On repeated occasions the diarrhea was controlled by oral or intravenous phosphate buffer. An exhaustive search by sophisticated non-invasive methods and by celiac arteriography failed to demonstrate a pancreatic tumor. Yet, in both cases fairly large pancreatic non-beta-cell adenomas were found at laparotomy. The removal of these tumors was followed by complete recovery. PMID- 7216143 TI - Relationships between the extent of ileal lesion of resection and vitamin B12, bile salt and fat absorption. AB - Vitamin B12 Urinary excretion, stool weight, fecal fat excretion, fecal 14C glycocholate excretion and 14CO2 output after I-14C glycocholate ingestion, were measured in 13 patients with non-operated ileal Crohn's disease (NOC), 14 patients with ileal resection for ileal Crohn's disease, with or without right colectomy (RC), and 11 patients with ileal resection with or without right colectomy for pathology other than Crohn's disease (RNC). A positive linear relationship was found between stool weight and 14C glycocholate fecal excretion. The logs of fecal fat and 14C glycocholate excretions were related to the extent of the ileal lesion of resection; a similar but negative relationship was observed for vitamin B12 urinary excretion. Fecal fat excretion and respiratory 14CO2 output were significantly higher in patients with right colectomy. PMID- 7216144 TI - Stimulatory effects of the synthetic enkephalin analogue FK 33-824 on colonic motor activity antagonized by naloxone. AB - Enkephalins inhibit guinea pig ileum contractions in vitro; in vivo they increase gastric contraction strength and small intestinal spike activity in dogs and stimulate tonic and phasic contractile activity of the human colon. This study investigated the question as to whether the stimulatory effect of the synthetic met-enkephalin analogue FK 33-824 on the human colon is antagonized by the narcotic antagonist naloxone. On 3 experimental days 12 healthy young males received in random order (a) 4 mg (subjects 1-6) or 10 mg (subjects 7-12) naloxone i.v. followed by 1 mg FK 33-824 i.m., (b) saline i.v. followed by 1 mg FK 33-824 i.m. and (c) saline i.v. followed by saline i.m. FK 33-824 following saline produced a rapid increase of tonic intraluminal pressure (mean increase: 9.9 +/- 2.5 SEM mmHg; P less than 0.001), an increase in contractions from 1.6 +/ 0.4 to 3.3 +/- 0.8 per min (P less than 0.001), a shift in the dominant frequency of rhythmic contractions from 1.0 +/- 2.5 to 2.5-3.5 cycles per min, an increase in the amplitude of contractions from 10.1 +/-0 2.1 to 15.0 +/- 3.2 mmHg (P less than 0.01), and in the sum of the amplitudes as an overall measure of contractile activity from 148.6 +/- 36.7 to 482.9 +/- 136.9 mmHg (P less than 0.01). All effects lasted for more than 70 min; peak changes occurred in the first 15 min and subsided slowly in intensity. The effects of FK 33-284 were greatly attenuated by premedication of 4 mg naloxone, and abolished, at least for 15-30 min, by 10 mg naloxone. Saline caused no changes. It is concluded that the stimulatory effects of FK 33-824 on human colonic motility are antagonized by naloxone. PMID- 7216146 TI - Recurrent post-partum gastroenteritis with eosinophilia. AB - A young woman experienced twice in eight years acute, self-limited episodes of gastroenteritis with marked eosinophilia, each one associated with or triggered by a normal delivery. This patient had a normal gastric mucosal biopsy, thus lacking one of the major criteria required by previous authors for the definition of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Nevertheless, it is our belief that this case does represent a milder and more benign form of the very same syndrome, associated in a dubious way with labour. PMID- 7216145 TI - The release of pancreatic polypeptide by intraduodenal l-phenylalanine in the dog. AB - In four dogs with chronic gastric and pancreatic fistulas 100 mM L-phenylalanine was delivered to the duodenum at a rate of 25 ml/15 minutes. Pancreatic secretion and plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentration were monitored. Phenylalanine induced a slight rise in pancreatic volume output and a considerable increase in protein secretion in the pancreatic juice as well as a significant (p less than 0.01) increment of plasma PP over basal levels. Administration of atropine sulfate (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) inhibited the PP release and reduced the pancreatic protein output (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that the release of PP following intraduodenal phenylalanine involves a cholinergic mechanism and may be mediated by an enteropancreatic reflex and/or endogenous CCK peptides. PMID- 7216147 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis. Treatment by metronidazole. AB - Nine cases of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) were observed during a 20-month period. All patients had received, or were taking, antibiotics, in five cases lincomycin. The clinical syndrome of PMC occurred in two patients after a major gastrointestinal operation, in two after fracture of the neck of the femur, and in the remaining five, after administration of antibiotics for inflammatory diseases. The clinical syndrome was characterized by an acute onset of profuse diarrhea, pyrexia, abdominal pain, dehydration, and in four patients confusion or hypotension. The diagnosis was made on the basis of rectosigmoidoscopy and histology. No attempt was made to isolate Cl. difficile or to identify neutralizable fecal toxin. All patients received metronidazole at a dose of 1.5 gr. daily with a good response. Eight patients recovered fully. Only one died. PMID- 7216148 TI - The arterialization of the portal stump following portacaval end-to-side shunt. PMID- 7216149 TI - Some epidemiologic studies of HBSAg in Greece. AB - In an epidemiologic study in 17 villages from different areas of Greece, 2898 persons were examined in order to find possible relations between HBSAg prevalence, altitude and endemic goitre morbidity. A lower prevalence with a significant difference was found in areas with a high altitude as compared with those with a low one, in endemic goitre than non-endemic areas, and in low altitude endemic than in low altitude non-endemic areas. Goitrous subjects had a lower HBSAg prevalence than non-goitrous subjects, but the difference was of borderline significance. The results can probably be explained by the presence of an environmental factor associated with altitude acting together with a host factor predisposing to endemic goitre and favouring the immunity to HBV infection. PMID- 7216150 TI - Hepatitis in exanthematous mediterranean fever. AB - In 38 patients suffering from rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia conorii (Mediterranean Exanthematous Fever), hepatic involvement was studied via laboratory tests and in 26 cases by means of liver biopsy. SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase were found to be elevated in more than half of the patients (SGOT 74.4 +/- 93 U.K., SGPT 82.2 +/- 93 U.K., a.p. 58 +/- 21 mU/ml). In 14 patients, liver biopsy showed the existence of inclusion corpuscles in Kupffer's cells. Electron microscopic study demonstrated the existence of phagosomes inside the epithelioid cells, which, however, were difficult to categorize. The frequent existence of granulomatous hepatitis in this rickettsiosis was confirmed, while the presence of the infecting agent in the liver could not be established. PMID- 7216151 TI - Lymphocyte populations in peripheral blood and in liver biopsy specimens from patients with acute and chronic hepatitis. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations, both in peripheral blood and in liver specimens obtained with the Menghini needle, were evaluated by E and EA rosette technique in 30 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 8 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 11 patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and 11 patients with normal histology or minimal non-specific changes. Circulating E-RCF concentration and percentage were significantly decreased in CAH and CPH patients. Only one patient with acute hepatitis had a decreased number of circulating E-RFC. The ratio of peripheral blood E-RFC to liver tissue E-RFC was decreased in the patient with chronic disease. In all the groups studied, the percentage of liver tissue and peripheral EA-RFC was similar to that found in the blood from controls. Significant differences were not found between patients with and without evidence for HB viral infection. PMID- 7216152 TI - Binding of tryptophan to albumin in liver cirrhosis: a reappraisal of the problem. AB - The competition of free fatty acids and bilirubin in the binding of tryptophan to albumin was studied in 12 controls and 36 cirrhotics at various stages of hepatic encephalopathy. Total tryptophan was not significantly altered in cirrhotics, while free tryptophan progressively increased with the deterioration of their mental state. Bound tryptophan levels were consequently reduced in patients with cirrhosis, mainly in the presence of hepatic encephalopathy, and strictly correlated with albumin (r = 0.80). The ratio bound tryptophan/albumin, which represents the muMoles of tryptophan bound by 1 gram of albumin, did not show significant difference in the various groups of patients. No correlation was found between this ratio and the levels of free fatty acids and bilirubin, which were raised in cirrhotics. Our data suggest that the fall in albumin levels, but not the increase in free fatty acids or bilirubin, may play a role in increasing free tryptophan levels in cirrhotics. Thus, marked hypoalbuminemia may be a risk factor of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. PMID- 7216154 TI - Phytohemagglutin-induced lymphocyte cytotoxicity in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis B virus infection. AB - Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced or primary cytotoxicity in vitro which is mediated by T lymphocytes, was studied during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in 45 hemodialysis patients, and related to liver cell damage and recovery. HBsAg positive patients with raised transaminases had increased primary cytotoxicity similar to nine otherwise healthy subjects with acute hepatitis B. HBsAg positive patients with normal transaminases showed decreased primary cytotoxicity and recovered patients showed normal values. Increased primary cytotoxicity could not be attributed to an increase in T lymphocytes, as all groups of hemodialysis patients had decreased lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte counts without significant differences between them. In the follow-up study none of the 13 HBsAg positive patients with normal transaminases recovered. However, five of the 18 patients with raised transaminases did recover from hepatitis B, accompanied by a decrease in cytotoxicity. These results show that an increased PHA-induced lymphocyte cytotoxicity corresponds with the occurrence of liver cell damage and subsequent recovery in hemodialysis patients with HBV infection. This suggests that cytotoxic T lymphocytes are involved in liver cell damage and recovery in HBV infection. PMID- 7216153 TI - Influence of a portacaval shunt on the distribution of 14C-chol-PC-DCP-liposomes and liposome entrapped 3H-methotrexate in the organs of rats. AB - The individual roles of hepatic parenchymal cells and non-parenchymal cells in the uptake of intravenously injected liposomes by the liver have not yet been clearly determined. Experimentally, it is suggested that a portacaval shunt reduces the phagocytic capacity of the liver RES. In our experiments a portacaval shunt does not influence the hepatic uptake of 14C-Chol-PC-DCP-liposomes and the liposome entrapped 3H-Methotrexate in rats. In normal rats and in rats with a portacaval shunt, most of the 14C- and 3H-radioactivity is found in the liver and the ratio between the amounts of free and liposome entrapped radioactivity 3 to 15 hours after i.v. injection is approximately 1:10. Therefore, it is concluded that the liver RES does not play an integral role in the enrichment of liposomes in the liver. PMID- 7216155 TI - HBsAg carriers among blood donors in Italy; a retrospective survey of data from 189 blood banks. AB - Data of occasional or periodic blood donors from 189 banks scattered throughout Italy were retrospectively surveyed for the period between 1974 and 1977. The prevalence of HBsAg positive subjects (PHA or RIA) among occasional donors during 1975-1977 was about 3% with no appreciable annual variation. The rate of HBsAg positivity in southern Italy (i.e. Campania, 4.32%) was higher than in northern Italy (i.e. Trentino, 0.30%). Only 0.27% of the occasional donors showed both HBsAg positivity and elevated serum transaminases levels. Among periodic donors the rate of infection, as indicated by the appearance of HBsAg in serum subsequent to the last donation, was approximately 0.5% per year. Only one-tenth of the periodic donors who acquired HBsAg also had hypertransaminasemia. PMID- 7216157 TI - The nomenclature of tetrapyrroles: a report. PMID- 7216158 TI - The biochemistry of of phenolic compounds in higher plants. Abstracts. PMID- 7216156 TI - Copper and zinc content of liver, heart, skeletal muscle, and brain, in acute thioacetamide intoxication of rats. AB - It has been demonstrated that acute thioacetamide intoxication causes a significant increase in copper and zinc in the dystrophic liver of rats. Heart, skeletal muscle, cerebrum and cerebellum showed neither significant deviations of copper and zinc content, nor noticeable histopathologic changes in comparison with controls. Thus, hepatotropia in thioacetamide intoxication receives minimal pathological confirmation. PMID- 7216159 TI - Interactions between antigen, antibody and complement. Abstracts. PMID- 7216160 TI - Stereospecific reductions of 2-en-1-ols catalyzed by Clostridium kluyveri. AB - With ethanol as electron donor, resting cells of Clostridium kluyveri reduced (E) 2-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, (E)-3-methyl-2-penten-1-ol and (E)-2-methyl-3-phenyl-2 propen-1-ol to (R)-2-methyl-1-butanol, (R)-3-methyl-1-1-pentanol and (R)-2-methyl 3-phenyl-1-propanol, respectively. Within the experimental errors of ORD measurements the products were optically pure. That means that only one of the two possible trans additions to the carbon-carbon double bond of these derivatives of allyl alcohol took place. The reduction of (E)-2-methyl-3-phenyl-2 propen-1-ol was carried out in 2H2O buffer. Assuming tha all 3 substrates bind in an identical manner to the enzyme, the product should be (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3 phenyl-[2,3-2H2]-1-propanol. The optimal pH and ethanol concentration for the reduction have been determined. Under an atmosphere of hydrogen the reduction of the unsaturated alcohols proceeded incompletely and slower than in the presence of ethanol under an atmosphere of nitrogen. PMID- 7216161 TI - In vitro formation of glucose 6-phosphate from 3-phosphoglycerate by rat liver cytosol. AB - Liver cytosol preparations from 48 h starved rats, supplemented with 3 mM ATP, 0.5 mM sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 10mM MgSO4 and a NADH-regenerating system showed a net glucose 6-phosphate formation from 2mM 3-phosphoglycerate of 0.72 micromol x min-1 x (g liver)-1. Glycerol 3-phosphate slightly increased when added at 0.5 mM; in its absence, dihydroxyacetone-phosphate formed from 3-phosphoglycerate was mainly reduced to glycerol 3-phosphate at the expense of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate and glucose 6-phosphate synthesis; when glycerol 3-phosphate was added at higher concentrations, net utilization occurred. The rate of glucose 6 phosphate formation positively correlated with the concentration of 3 phosphoglycerate and with the ratio of ATP/ADP. Increasing NADH concentrations stimulated the flow from 3-phosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate but also enhanced the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol 3 phosphate; as a result, the concentration of free NADH had little effect on the rate of glucose 6-phosphate formation. Lowering the concentration of magnesium from 10mM to 4mM, corresponding to free Mg2 concentrations of 7 and 0.6 mM respectively, resulted in a 30% increase of the rate of glucose 6-phosphate formation. The physiological relevance of the results presented is discussed. PMID- 7216162 TI - [Hemoglobins, XXXVI: The primary structure of a dimeric insect hemoglobin (Erythrocruorin), component IX from Chironomus thummi thummi. Studies on the quarternary structure of the dimeric CTT-hemoglobins (author's transl)]. AB - The primary structure of a dimeric insect hemoglobin (erythrocruorin), component CTT IX (Chironomus thummi thummi) was established by automatic sequence analysis. The alignment of the peptides was facilitated by producing only a few large fragments. The primary structure of CTT IX is compared with the human beta-chains and with CTT III. It is discussed, why for the dimeric CTT-hemoglobins only dimerisation can be observed but no tetramerisation. Experiments were done to locate the binding areas between the subunits in the dimeric molecule. Even after blocking of the alpha-NH2-group by cyanate, the stability of the dimeric molecule is not altered. Therefore the binding regions of the CTT-hemoglobins must be different from those of the tetrameric hemoglobins of vertebrates. Our results lead to a quarternary structure different from that of the hemoglobins of mammalians. This structure explains the possibility of dimerisation, but excludes tetramerisation. PMID- 7216163 TI - [Hemoglobins, XXXVII. The primary structure of a monomeric insect hemoglobin (Erythrocruorin), component CTT IIIa of Chironomus thummi thummi. An anomalous Heme complex: E7 Gln, E11 Ile]. AB - The primary structure of the monomeric hemoglobin CTT IIIa of the midge larva of Chironomus thummi thummi is presented. Cyanogenbromide peptides and tryptic peptides were used for sequence analysis. The primary structure was established with a small number of large peptides. The complete sequencing of the cyanogen bromide peptides was enabled by the C-terminal fixation of arginine. The primary structure of CTT IIIa is compared to the beta-chains of human and to the monomeric component CTT III: CTT IIIa possesses a "tail" of 9 amino acids on the N-terminus, and shows only a small number of identical residues compared to the number that other CTT hemoglobins share with each other. Also the heme complex is unusual: E7 Gln and E11 Ile. PMID- 7216164 TI - Amino acid sequence of the blood group Mg-specific major human erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoprotein. AB - The structure of the N-terminal 21 residues of the blood group Mg-specific major human erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoprotein was investigated, using tryptic MgM peptides and secondary fragments prepared by staphylococcal V8 protease treatment. The sequence Leu-Ser-Thr-Asn-Glu was obtained for the N-terminal five residues. Therefore, the Mg gene appears to have evolved from a Thr leads to Asn mutation of an N allele. This alteration was found to prevent the glycosylation of the amino acids at the second and third positions. PMID- 7216165 TI - A steady state analysis of pH and temperature effects on the action of an arginine esterase from the venom of the gabon adder, Bitis gabonica, on synthetic arginine substrate. AB - The influence of pH and temperature on the kinetic properties of esterase E-II from Bitis gabonica venom has been studied. The pH profiles for the hydrolysis of N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester showed that a group with pK approximately 7 must be ionized for activity. Measurement of N alpha-benzyl-L-arginine-p nitroanilide hydrolysis reveals that the pK of the active site is significantly lowered (i.e. to approximately 6.3) in the enzyme-substrate complex. The temperature effect on the pK suggests the presence of a carboxylate in the active site of the enzyme. This suggestion is corroborated by the influence of organic solvent perturbations of the pK indicating a catalytic group of the neutral acid type. Values for the thermodynamic parameters associated with activation are reported. The transition state for ester degradation is at lower delta G and delta H levels than that for amide degradation. delta H and delta S for ester hydrolysis were noted to compensate each other with a compensation temperature Tc = 339K. Compensation can probably be related to weak bonding effects. PMID- 7216166 TI - Specificity of sialyltransferase: sialylation of ovine submaxillary mucin in vitro. AB - Ovine submaxillary asialo-mucin was [14C]sialylated in vitro using a porcine liver cell-free preparation. The oligosaccharide chains were cleaved from the product glycoprotein by beta-elimination under reductive conditions, fractionated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-2 and characterized by thin-layer chromatography. The structure of the product chain was studied by periodate oxidation and analysis of the peeling products formed in the beta-elimination step. It appeared that [14C]-sialic acid had been introduced exclusively to the galactose residues of Gal beta(1 leads to 3)GalNAc disaccharide units occurring on the mucin as minor chains. No indication for a transfer to GalNAc residues on this glycoprotein was obtained. In agreement with this result sialyltransferase activities of porcine, rat, human and canine liver with Gal beta (1 leads to 3)GalNAc-protein acceptors were invariably much higher than those with ovine submaxillary asialo-mucin. When the asialo-mucin had been [14C]sialylated by an ovine submaxillary gland cell-free preparation analysis of the product oligosaccharide chain revealed the introduction of [14C]sialic acid to position C 6 on the GalNAc residues. The specificity of this transfer was reflected by the very high sialyltransferase activities of gland preparations with Gal beta (1 leads to 3)GalNAc-protein as well as GalNAc-protein acceptors. Mixed enzyme experiments indicated that the difference in liver and gland ovine submaxillary asialo-mucin sialyltransferase activities was not due to the presence of a specific inhibitor in the liver or an activator in the gland. It is concluded that porcine liver and likely liver of rat, man and dog contains a Gal beta (1 leads to 3)GalNAc-protein sialyltransferase, which is involved in the sialylation of O-glycosidically linked carbohydrate chains on serum glycoproteins. GalNAc protein sialyltransferase activity, which richly occurs in ovine submaxillary gland, however, appears to be lacking from liver tissue. PMID- 7216167 TI - Compartmentation of adenine nucleotides in the isolated working guinea pig heart stimulated by noradrenaline. AB - Relationships between subcellular adenine nucleotides (ATP, ASP), heart function and oxidative myocardial metabolism were studied in the isolated working guinea pig heart. The heart preparations were stimulated by noradrenaline and utilized pyruvate alone or in combination with glucose as energy-providing substrates. Using density gradient centrifugation of lyophilized myocardial homogenates in non-aqueous media the following subcellular distribution of ATP and ADP, respectively, was obtained: The concentration of ATP in the cytosol was higher than in the mitochondria while the content of ADP was not different. The overall ATP/ADP ratio in the cytosol was more than 10-fold lower than the concentration ratio of free ATP and ADP in the cytosol as derived from the cytosolic creatine kinase equilibrium. Furthermore, the mitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio was much lower than the free cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio. The concentration term of the phosphorylation potential of ATP (RT in [ADP] x [Pi]/[ATP]) was thus higher in the cytosol than in the mitochondria. Myocardial function and substrate oxidation exhibited typical augmentations during infusion of 0.08 microM noradrenaline. However, increased heart performance and oxidative myocardial metabolism were not associated with major changes in the cytosolic ATP or ADP contents. On the other hand, the free ATP/ADP ratio and particularly the phosphorylation state of ATP, i.e. the ration [ATP]/[ADP] x [Pi], were decreased in the cytosol. In contrast, in the mitochondria adenine-nucleotide concentration ratios were not substantially changed under the same conditions. The results are compatible with an asymmetrical translocation of adenine nucleotides across the mitochondrial membrane in working hearts. The reciprocal relationship between rates of oxidative metabolism and free cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio indicates that mitochondrial respiration in the intact heart could be controlled by the phosphorylation state of the extramitochondrial ATP. PMID- 7216168 TI - [Studies on the total synthesis of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin. Synthesis of the suitably protected fragment corresponding to the sequence 24--33 (author's transl)]. AB - The synthesis is described of a suitably protected decapeptide derivative corresponding to the C-terminal tyrosin-O-sulfate-containing sequence 24--33 of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin as key fragment for the total synthesis of this gastrointestinal hormone or its 39-variant. This peptide derivative has been prepared according to our newly developed procedure based on the direct use of N acyltyrosine-O-sulfate barium salt. Additionally, removal of the protecting groups followed by purification via chromatographic methods produced the decapeptide amide in good yields and with a high degree of purity as a fully active cholecystokinin-pancreozymin related peptide. PMID- 7216169 TI - Partial purification and properties of neuraminidase from Bifidobacterium lactentis. AB - Bifidobacterium lactentis 659 a gram-positive, nonsporeforming anaerobic bacterium originally isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants produces neuraminidase after enzyme induction with 2mM N-acetylmannosamine added to the culture medium. Bacteria were transferred and grown in a medium containing casein hydrolysate, lactose, sodium acetate, amino acids, vitamins, salts and 2% human milk for 48 h at 37 degrees C under N2/CO2 atmosphere. Two subcultures derived from the original strain B. lactentis 659 were investigated separately because of different growth characteristics. However, their taxonomic identity was not doubtful. Neuraminidase was liberated from the bacterial sediments by ultrasonic treatment in 0.15M NaCl and was isolated by 60% ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, concentration, and column chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex G-100. The enzyme exhibits a molecular weight of 38000 and a pH optimum in the range of pH 5--6 in barbital/acetate buffers. Starch gel electrophoresis and neuraminidase-specific staining with NeuAc alpha 2 leads to (3-methoxyphenyl) glycoside revealed two major and three minor enzyme bands. Michaelis constants (Km) were determined to be 7.1 mM for the (alpha 2 leads to 3) linkage of II3NeuAc-Lac, 7.5mM for the (alpha 2 leads to 6) linkage of II6Neu-Ac-Lac and 15mM for the (alpha 2 leads to 8) linkage in II3(leads from 2NeuAc8)2-Lac. Among the different groups of naturally occurring NeuAc-containing substrates, i.e. glycoproteins, gangliosides and oligosaccharides, B. lactentis neuraminidase cleaves oligosaccharides preferentially without remarkable differences between (alpha 2 leads to 3) and (alpha 2 leads to 6) linkages. Globular glycoproteins and mucins are poor substrates and gangliosides are practically not affected. In contrast, enzyme activity towards synthetic NeuAc glycosides is very high. The enzyme is activated by 50% with 50mM Ca2 and inhibited by 20mM EDTA accordingly. In general, B. lactentis neuraminidase shows a substrate specificity pattern similar to those found in other non-pathogenic and non-invasive representatives of the human bacterial flora. The potential biological role of intestinal Bifidobacteria will be discussed. PMID- 7216170 TI - [Synthetic tripeptides as chemotaxins or chemotaxin antagonists (author's transl)]. AB - The possibility of changing N-terminally protected tripeptides with chemotactic activity into antagonists by variation of the protecting group was investigated. Chemotactic activity in the agarose test was shown for a series of new structurally related formylated tripeptides. The effect could be antagonised with one exception by Boc-analogues. These antagonists are very likely bound to the same membrane receptor of polymorphonuclear leucocytes as the chemotaxins. The antagonists do not influence the activity of the naturally occurring chemotaxin C5a. The syntheses of the test compounds are described. PMID- 7216171 TI - On the role of dimeric subunits in the quaternary structure of arthropod hemocyanins. AB - Partial alkaline dissociation of 24 S (12-meric), 35 S (24-meric) and 60 S (48 meric) hemocyanin from various arthropods was studied by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and, in some cases, by electron microscopy. If there are no stable dimers among the subunits, dissociation starts by cleavage of interhexamer bonds, leading to intermediates which are hexamers or multiples of hexamers. Whenever a hemocyanin contained stable dimers, inter-hexamer bonds were also very stable as indicated by the formation of 30 S (19-meric) or 18 S (7-eric) intermediates as primary products. In such cases, inter-hexamer bonds could be cleaved by treatment with reducing agents or with 4M urea; correspondingly, these agents also cleaved the respective dimers into the constituent polypeptide chains. It is concluded that in all cases the dimeric subunits function as bridges between hexamers. PMID- 7216172 TI - Mesenchymal tumours of the uterus. VII. A clinicopathological study of 60 endometrial stromal nodules. AB - Endometrial stromal nodules are well-circumscribed neoplasms composed of cells identical to those in low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma and proliferative endometrium. The clinical and pathologic features of 60 endometrial stromal nodules were studied to determine their characteristics and behaviour. A follow up of up to 16 years revealed that none of the 60 patients developed recurrences or died of her disease, indicating that circumscribed endometrial stromal tumours are benign. A number os specific features such as irregularities in the margin, high mitotic counts, and a glandular trend did not seem to alter the benign course of this lesion. PMID- 7216173 TI - 'Crystalline' collagen production by an unusual benign soft tissue tumour ('amianthioma'). AB - The morphology of a benign soft tissue tumour producing nodules of collagen in 'crystalline' form is investigated by light and electron microscopy. The distinctive and peculiar arrangement of collagen fibres into bundles of radiating 'crystals' is described. This appearance has not been documented in the literature on soft tissue tumours before, as far as the author bas been able to ascertain. PMID- 7216174 TI - Benign papillary mesothelioma of peritoneum: a histological, histochemical and ultrastructural study of six cases. AB - Six cases of localized benign papillary mesothelioma of peritoneum were retrieved from laboratory files over a 20-year period. One presented because of pain following torsion and the remaining five were incidental findings at operation. Light microscopy showed a delicate papillary stroma covered by a single layer of mesothelial cells. The mesothelial cells often showed punctate periodic acid Schiff staining of cytoplasm. The brush border and stroma showed alcian blue positive staining which was abrogated by prior incubation with hyaluronidase. Electron microscopy revealed typical features of mesothelial cells with long microvilli, rough endoplasmic reticulum in relation to mitochondria, bundles of microfilaments, and tight junctions. Between cells there was a series of intercommunicating channels containing occasional lymphocytes and debris. These features are compared with nodular mesothelial hyperplasia, malignant mesothelioma and adenomatoid tumours of the genital tract. The necessity to distinguish benign papillary mesothelioma from metastatic carcinoma is stressed and relies on the recognition of their mesothelial origin. PMID- 7216175 TI - Mesodermomas: a new embryological approach to primary tumours of coelomic surfaces. AB - It appears that the so-called mesothelium lining the serous cavities is in fact mesoderm, with an epithelial-like arrangement which persists in the post embryological stage. Cellular variability of primary tumours of serous surfaces can be explained on this developmental evidence. The term mesodermoma seems to be justified to define neoplasms arising from undifferentiated and multipotential mesoderm which, in neoplastic disease, exhibits a wide range of differential activity and gives rise to tumours with prevailing myoblastic, angioblastic, lymphoblastic, chondroblastic, osteoblastic, fibroblastic or epithelial-like features. PMID- 7216176 TI - Mediastinal and hilar fibrosis. AB - A case is described of mediastinal and hilar fibrosis in a woman aged 22 years. The fibrotic mass compressed the lobar arteries as well as the veins of various lobes of both lungs. These large vessels as well as numerous smaller arteries and veins were to a large extent obstructed by organized thrombi. It seems likely that 3 years after the beginning of symptoms the fibrosing process was still active. The case provides some support for an immunopathological aetiology of this condition. PMID- 7216178 TI - Invasion of veins by carcinoma of rectum: method of detection, histological features and significance. AB - Histopathological material from operation specimens of rectal adenocarcinoma was reviewed and invasion of veins identified in 51.9% of 703 cases. The extent of venous invasion, thickness of the walls of invaded veins and various other histological features were examined in detail. By follow-up studies recurrence rates, incidence of distant metastases and corrected 5-year survival rates were obtained; correlation with the histopathological results showed that invasion of extramural and thick-walled veins is associated with a poor prognosis independent of the degree of differentiation of the adenocarcinoma. Prognosis is not significantly related to the presence of necrosis of intravenous tumour and a clearly defined stroma in the intravenous growth all appear to exert a protective influence on patient survival. Whereas permeation of capillaries in vein walls, the presence of loose clumps of tumour cells in veins and direct contact between tumour cells and venous blood appear to adversely affect survival. Venous invasion is shown to be related to local invasiveness of rectal carcinoma. Suggested modes of venous spread and interaction with host tissues are proposed, with implications for general attitudes to the spread of cancer and metastasis. PMID- 7216177 TI - Discrimination of hyperplasia and carcinoma of the endometrium by quantitative microscopy--a feasibility study. AB - Endometrial hyperplasias and carcinomas have been investigated by quantitative microscopical methods. The aim of this study was to develop an objective method of histopathological diagnosis because of the great subjective variability of these endometrial conditions. A total of 79 cases were studied. Only those were included, which, after re-examination of the material by different pathologists, were regarded as mild atypical hyperplasia (38 cases), marked atypical (adenomatous) hyperplasia (11 cases), well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (19 and 11 cases, respectively). There are many significant differences between these four groups. Stereological features contained the most important information, whilst nuclear features were less successful discriminators. The volume percentage of the epithelium and of the glands and the inner surface density of the glands showed the most significant differences between adenomatous hyperplasia and well differentiated carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a quantitative model is suggested which might give more insight into the development of these abnormalities, assuming a gradual transition from one to another. The great advantage of the quantitative analysis of data over subjective impressions, it that is is objective, and provides consistently reproducible results. The present results may be especially useful when histopathological diagnosis is in doubt. It is concluded that application of quantitative microscopy in the discrimination of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in histopathology is feasible. PMID- 7216179 TI - Signet ring cell lymphoma: a case report. AB - The authors report a case of signet ring cell lymphoma, a rare variety of germinal (follicular) centre cell neoplasm. It clinical, histological and ultrastructural findings are compared with those of the nine cases previously described. Original immunocytochemical results are presented and discussed. PMID- 7216180 TI - An ultrastructural study of a jejunal inflammatory fibroid polyp. AB - Ultrastructural appearances of a small intestinal inflammatory fibroid polyp are reported. There is a vascular scaffolding, with interstices which contain regular and fibrous long-spacing type collagen, condensed lamellar basement membrane fibroblasts, basophils, some eosinophils and histiocytes. In addition other cells less easily characterized but believed to be of an endothelial and primitive mesenchymal cell nature are recognized. Possible origins of the polyp are considered. PMID- 7216181 TI - Histological differential diagnosis between lymph node toxoplasmosis and other benign lymph node hyperplasias. AB - The material from 667 lymph nodes, originally suspected of toxoplasmosis, was histologically re-examined, to evaluate criteria for diagnosis and differential diagnosis. The results showed that at least 80% of benign lymph node enlargements containing small groups of epithelioid cells were associated with high titres of Toxoplasma antibodies. Furthermore, 85--95% of the lymph nodes in association with high Toxoplasma antibodies showed the typical histological appearances of toxoplasmosis. The histological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is thus both fairly specific and sensitive. Other lymph node lesions with small groups of epithelioid cells must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis usually have a predominance of distinct large epithelioid cell granulomata. Lymph nodes with sinus histiocytosis showing the formation of small groups of epithelioid cells, do not demonstrate prominent hyperplasia and include sparse germinal centres and were not associated with toxoplasmosis. Lymph nodes with disturbed general structure and small groups of epithelioid cells must be carefully assessed because of the significant possibility of malignancy. PMID- 7216182 TI - Immunoglobulin deposits in the biliary remnants of extrahepatic biliary atresia: a study by immunoperoxidase staining in 128 infants. AB - Bile duct remnants taken from 128 infants during surgery for extrahepatic biliary atresia were paraffin embedded prior to immunoperoxidase staining. Immunoglobulin deposits were found in 44 remnants. They were made up of IgM alone in 25 cases and of IgM and IgG in 19. Deposits were observed along the basement membranes of glandular structures. These findings suggest that extrahepatic biliary atresia might be an acquired and evolving disease. PMID- 7216183 TI - Ultrastructural and histochemical identification of sclerosing liposarcoma. AB - A paratesticular tumour by light microscopy showed large amounts of partly hyalinized collagenous stroma, spindle shaped fibroblast-like cells, pleomorphic cells with foamy cytoplasm, multinucleated tumour type giant cells and lipid inclusions. By light microscopy, there was a problem as to whether the tumour should be classified with the liposarcomas or with the fibrous histiocytic group. Ultrastructurally, spindle shaped cells resembled fibroblasts and, in a few cells, intracellular collagen fibres were seen. Histochemical studies revealed the presence of mannose-rich glycoprotein which is characteristic for collagen producing cells, but frequently these cells also showed numerous lipid inclusion. The foamy cytoplasmic areas of pleomorphic cells were shown to consist of dilated ergastoplasmic sacs and large vacuoles lined by smooth endoplasmic reticulum negating the possibility that these cells were of histiocytic origin. This is supported further by the dearth of lysosomes and absence of lysozyme (muramidase) in the tumour cells. The presence of numerous lipid inclusions in many of the tumour cells, which are otherwise ultrastructurally similar to fibroblast, suggests that these cells represent precursors of lipoblasts. The above findings taken together allowed the tumour to be categorized as a sclerosing liposarcoma. PMID- 7216184 TI - Selective brain stem transections affecting reproductive behavior of female rats: the role of hypothalamic output to the midbrain. PMID- 7216185 TI - Increases in testosterone levels and in copulatory behavior of male rhesus monkeys following treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin. PMID- 7216186 TI - Effects of castration and androgen replacement on male courtship behavior in the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). PMID- 7216187 TI - Lack of correlation between naloxone-induced changes in sexual behavior and serum LH in male rats. PMID- 7216189 TI - The role of aromatization in the development of sexual behavior of the female hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). PMID- 7216188 TI - Hormonal and behavioral changes at puberty in the squirrel monkey. PMID- 7216190 TI - Hospital carefully plans purchase of telephone system. PMID- 7216192 TI - Major addition plus courtyard provided on constricted site. PMID- 7216191 TI - Systems' versatility benefits both small and large hospitals. PMID- 7216193 TI - Competition: how do we get there from here? PMID- 7216194 TI - Hospice care update: many questions still to be answered. PMID- 7216195 TI - Not-for-profit chains share in multihospital system boom. PMID- 7216196 TI - Freestanding emergency care centers create public policy issues. PMID- 7216197 TI - Dallas-Fort Worth is a boom area for emergicenters. PMID- 7216198 TI - Hospital and its freestanding emergency facilities from network. PMID- 7216199 TI - Making your hospital's Hill-Burton allocation plan work. PMID- 7216200 TI - Deregulation could affect how hospitals purchase phone systems. PMID- 7216202 TI - Hospital helps women help each other. PMID- 7216201 TI - Northeast hospitals asked to join war plan. PMID- 7216203 TI - Selected statistics for January 1981. PMID- 7216205 TI - Employees are made partners in cost containment efforts. PMID- 7216204 TI - The legal right to abortion: what's left? PMID- 7216206 TI - Medical-behavioral 'explosion' affects hospital operation, policy. AB - Pushed to expand psychobehavioral services to meet the mental health needs of all their patients, hospitals must set policies that are strong enough to weather the 'medical-behavioral explosion'. PMID- 7216208 TI - Free psychiatric consultation service shared by 25 hospitals. PMID- 7216207 TI - Changes in the law have improved treatment of the mentally ill. AB - Because mental health attorneys and therapists are working toward a similar goal- the alleviation of pain and suffering in psychiatric patients--they should make every effort toward cooperation in advocating patients' rights and proper medical treatment. PMID- 7216210 TI - Investigative reporting cuts risk at psychiatric facility. AB - Risk management program uses an investigation report as the primary tool for collecting data about an incident, analyzing that data, and translating the information into strategies for change. PMID- 7216211 TI - Mental health center develops computer-assisted medical record. AB - A participatory approach to decision making in this system's design involved clinicians, line staff, middle managers, and executive-level staff to ensure optimal acceptance and implementation of the new system. PMID- 7216209 TI - Decade of litigation has led to redefinition of patients' rights. AB - After a decade of class action lawsuits, brought about by inadequate treatment and the assumption that psychiatric patients have no rights, the care and treatment of the mentally ill has improved, and their rights have been well defined. PMID- 7216212 TI - Planning can ease provision of inpatient mental health services. AB - Administrators must recognize the differences between delivery of mental health care and other health services and compensate for these differences by careful planning and management. PMID- 7216213 TI - The story of 'Dear John' and Washington's Sibley Hospital. PMID- 7216214 TI - Laboratory data analysis. PMID- 7216217 TI - Systematic instruction in laboratory medicine. Effects on the clinical problem solving performance of medical students. AB - Modified patient management problems were administered to senior medical students in pre- and postexamination formats to evaluate the effects of systematic instruction in laboratory medicine on clinical problem solving performance. Significant improvements were noted on several of the derived performance measures studied. Most improvements could be attributed to the course of instruction, some were problem dependent, and students with some prior clinical experience exhibited more improvement than did their less experienced colleagues. Evidence is presented to suggest that poor problem solving performance, as evident from pre-examination results, reflects not any inherent problem solving deficiency, but a specific lack of knowledge. The greater degree of improvement exhibited by inexperienced students toward greater hypothesis specificity and higher diagnostic goal indices leads us to speculate that inexperienced students structure knowledge differently from their experienced counterparts. It is concluded that systematic instruction aimed at improving laboratory utilization is capable of evaluation and, at least in simulated format, leads to improved clinical problem solving. The implications are discussed. PMID- 7216215 TI - Management training in pathology. PMID- 7216216 TI - The "iron screen": modification of standard laboratory practice with data analysis. AB - Multivariate analysis was applied to iron deficiency anemia to generate an efficient sequence of diagnostic laboratory tests. A three step diagnostic system -serum ferritin level and mean corpuscular volume as a screen in all patients, followed by serum iron level and total iron binding capacity in some patients, and by erythrocyte sedimentation rate in a few patients--was constructed using a previously validated data reduction system. When compared to bone marrow iron stores, this system was found to have 96 per cent accuracy. In one year of clinical trial the "iron screen" classified 396 of 416 patients in a hospital setting. This sequential strategy shows how clinical laboratory data can be utilized to render diagnoses of defined probability. PMID- 7216218 TI - Morphologic and clinical correlates in renal amyloidosis. AB - Morphologic studies and clinical correlations were undertaken in 59 patients with renal amyloidosis. Spicularly arranged amyloid deposits in the glomerular capillary wall were found in all clinical groups but were more frequent and more extensive in primary amyloidosis and multiple myeloma. The severity of proteinuria correlated with the presence of spicules and podocyte destruction rather than with the amount of amyloid in the glomerulus. The spicules were associated with morphologic and clinical evidence of rapid amyloid deposition and a fulminant clinical course. The absence of spicules and the presence of extensive new basement membrane material may produce basement membrane thickening, lamination, and double capillary wall contours, which are associated with mild proteinuria and, rarely, resolution of amyloidosis. Nodular or mixed nodular-diffuse patterns of glomerular amyloid deposits were more frequent in patients with secondary amyloidosis and a longer clinical course. Renal failure generally corresponded to severe glomerular amyloidosis and tubular atrophy. However, a relatively precipitous, usually irreversible decrease in renal function frequently occurred in patients with renal amyloidosis and did not always have a morphologic explanation. The duration of life from the time of biopsy no death in patients with primary amyloidosis (nine months) was markedly shorter than in those with secondary amyloidosis (more than 50 months). PMID- 7216219 TI - Tamm-Horsfall protein in lymph nodes. AB - We found masses of amorphous waxy pale staining material in the peripheral sinuses of lymph nodes removed with renal tumors. The material was histochemically and immunohistochemically identical to Tamm-Horsfall protein. It was found also in tubular casts, renal tubules, and intrarenal lymphatics in the resected kidneys. Tamm-Horsfall protein was restricted to the compressed residual kidney and was not seen in the tumors. Under certain circumstances Tamm-Horsfall protein escapes from the tubules into the renal interstitium and may produce a local inflammatory reaction. It also gains access to intrarenal lymphatics and thence to regional lymph nodes. This may be relevant to the evolution of an antibody response. PMID- 7216220 TI - Diagnosis of osteopetrosis (Albers-Schonberg) by Jamshidi needle biopsy. PMID- 7216221 TI - Neurosecretory granules. PMID- 7216223 TI - Segregation analysis of schizophrenia under a mixed genetic model. AB - Family data were collected on a multi-ethnic cohort of hospitalized schizophrenics in Hawaii in 1942. Results showed that prevalence rates for Orientals were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than rates for Caucasians, Polynesians and others. Complex segregation analysis using a generalized mixed genetic model was performed on 507 sibships collected under both complete and incomplete selection. Likelihood ratio tests between the generalized model and two subhypotheses of a major gene effect and a polygenic effect revealed that neither subhypotheses could be rejected at the 5% level of significance. While neither hypothesis could be adequately supported by the likelihood ratio test, certain aspects of the findings suggest a preference for the multifactorial model in explaining the inheritance of schizophrenia in these data. PMID- 7216222 TI - Studies on the immunoglobulin allotypes of asiatic populations. VIII. Immunoglobulin allotypes among the Tuvinians of the USSR. AB - The results of immunoglobulin typing of 268 Tuvinians for G1m (f, z, a, and x), G3m (b, 0, 1, 3, 5, c3, 5, g, s, t and v), A2m (1 and 2) and Km (1) indicate these southern Siberians to have the Caucasian haplotype Gmf; bAm1 (0.100), the Oriental haplotypes Gmf, a; bAm1 (0.022), Gmf, a; bAm2 (0.040), Gmz, a; b, s, tAm1 (0.027) and Gmz, a; b, s, tAm2 (0.107). The haplotypes distribution for Gmz, a; gAm1 (0.279), Gmz, a; gAm2 (0.065), Gmz, a; x, gAm1 (0.101) and Gmz, a, x; gAm2 (0.030) are similar to those found in oriental populations. The striking feature of this population is the presence of Gmz, a; bAm1 (0.108) and Gmz, a; bAm2 (0.122) previously thought to be characteristic of African or Papuan populations, indicating that a third focus of the Gmz; a; b haplotypes exists in Central Asia. The Km1 frequency observed (0.125) is intermediate between Caucasian and previously studied northern Oriental populations. PMID- 7216224 TI - Slow-moving serum albumin variant in a South Indian tribal population. AB - In 4 unrelated individuals from the Lambadi tribal population (Khamman district, Andhra Pradesh, South India) slow-moving serum albumin variants were found which differ from all the hitherto reported albumin variants. We therefore designate this new variants 'Albumin Lambadi', In 2 other South Indian tribals (Koyas, West Godavari district, and Konda Kammaras, East Godavari district) no albumin variants were seen. This is the first report on the occurrence of serum albumin variants in any Indian tribal population. PMID- 7216225 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in South Vietnamese. AB - 7 out of 534 South Vietnamese males showed erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, giving a 1.31% incidence of G-6-PD deficiency. Partially purified erythrocyte enzyme was studied in 6 of the 7 G-6-PD deficient males. Three variants were found: G-6-PD Mahidol (3), Canton (2), and Long Xuyen (1). PMID- 7216226 TI - Dermatoglyphic peculiarities in hypospadias. AB - The digital and palmar dermatoglyphics of 33 children with hypospadias were studied. Compared to a control group of 620 normal males the children with hypospadias showed the following statistically significant differences: (1) A lower frequency of whorls and a higher frequency of ulnar loops on fingers (32.4% whorls and 60.0% ulnar loops vs. 42.4% whorls and 50.2% ulnar loops in controls); (2) a high frequency of individuals with hypothenar radial loops on both palms (24.2 vs 8.8% in controls); (3) a high percentage of pairs of homologous fingers with the same pattern type on both fingers (82.4 vs. 73.3% in controls), and (4) an increased degree of bilateral symmetry of finger ridge counts (A, a measure of the asymmetry of ridge counts on homologous fingers, is 6.52 vs 8.08 in controls). PMID- 7216227 TI - Absent d triradius and dotting of the ridges in siblings. AB - Absent d triradii were found in 2 sibs of a family of African ancestry. 1 of the sibs exhibited not only bilateral absence of d triradius but also bilateral absence of axial triradii. The other sib lacked d triradius in the left palms. All 5 sibs of the sibship showed, to some degree, dotting or dissociation of the ridges. The present results support the suggestion of genetic transmission of both absent d triradius and dotting of the ridges. PMID- 7216228 TI - Heritable salivary proteins and dental disease. AB - A sample consisting of 92 black subjects was examined in this study. According to results of preliminary statistical tests there is a significant relationship between certain genetically determined salivary factors and individual susceptibility to dental disease in the racial group studied. These findings are been validated by the examination of data from several additional studies involving large samples. PMID- 7216229 TI - Transferrin C subtypes in US blacks and whites. AB - Transferrin C is genetically heterogeneous. Isoelectric focusing in a pH gradient of 4.0-6.5 reveals two subtypes of transferrin C, TfC1 and TfC2, that differ slightly in their isoelectric point. The three transferrin bands seen in homozygotes (double bands for heterozygotes) probably represent different degrees of iron saturation. The most cathodal band consists of apotransferrin and the anodal band is fully saturated diferric transferrin. Family data are consistent with a codominant allelic mode of inheritance. The allele frequencies in US whites were 0.8 for TfC1 and 0.19 for TfC2; in US blacks the frequencies were 0.84 and 0.11, respectively. The concentrations of transferrin are probably the same for the three common phenotypes. PMID- 7216230 TI - GLO polymorphism in Iceland. AB - The phenotypes of red cell glyoxalase I (GLO) were determined in two Icelandic population samples using starch-gel electrophoresis and high-voltage agarose-gel electrophoresis. The gene frequencies of 178 individuals were 0.46 for GLO1 and 0.54 for GLO2. In a group of Icelandic insulin-dependent diabetics the gene frequencies were found to be very similar. The evaluation of 30 mother-child pairs is also shown. PMID- 7216232 TI - On the structure of isolated junctions between communicating cells. AB - Gap junctions are specialized regions of contract between apposed plasma membranes of communicating cells. They are composed of hexagonally arranged units (connexons) embedded in plasma membranes and linked together in the extracellular space. The three-dimensional structure of the connexon was obtained by Fourier analysis on specimens of isolated rat liver gap junctions. The connexon is an annular oligomer, composed of six subunits, that protrudes from both sides of the plasma membrane. The subunits are tangentially displaced about the connexon axis. A narrow channel is located along the connexon axis spanning the thickness of the junction, but it is greatly reduced in the hydrophobic zones of the membranes. Two closely related forms of isolated gap junctions which have different connexon subunit structures but the same hexagonal lattice, were obtained. The transition between the two forms of communicating junctions seen in isolation is produced by radial inward motion of the connexon subunits near their cytoplasmic surfaces and a reduction of their inclination tangential to the 6-fold axis. Similar rearrangement of essentially rigid subunits embedded in the membrane could provide a mechanism for modulation of the junction permeability. PMID- 7216231 TI - Cell junctions and intercellular communication. AB - We have compared intercellular communication in normal and regenerating rat liver. Gap junctions are greatly reduced in size and numbers 29 to 35 hr after hepatectomy, but we still find some 90% of hepatocytes coupled by electrophysiological criteria. The spread of dyes such as carboxyfluorescein however is very limited in the regenerating organs as compared to the situation in the controls. We show how the apparent discrepancies between morphological and physiological data can be reconciled. We also present a summary of preliminary findings on the biosynthesis of gap junction protein and some of the conclusions one can draw from the sequence of 58 amino acids at the amino terminal of the protein. PMID- 7216234 TI - Glucose metabolism and dehydrogenase activities in the cytosol and mitochondria of mouse LS cells in chemostat culture. AB - Energy metabolism has been examined in mouse LS cells growing under steady-state conditions in chemostat culture. The metabolic quotient of glucose oxidized (glucose consumed, but not fermented) remained constant, independent of growth rate between cell doubling times of 6 days and 1.2 days. Specific activities of cytochrome oxidase and malate dehydrogenase in the mitochondria remained constant at different growth rates, in accord with the constancy of the glucose oxidation rate. Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase activity was about fourfold greater than the mitochondrial isozyme. The steady-state rate of lactate production fluctuated because of technical limitations but correlated well with cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 7216236 TI - Surveillance of human mitral valve cells by autochthonous lymphocytes, in vitro. AB - Analysis of a time-lapse film of cultured human mitral valve endothelium containing autochthonous lymphocytes reveals details of a pattern of interaction suggesting a previously undescribed type of cellular surveillance. Highly mobile lymphocytes rapidly approach individual endothelial cells, slowly circumnavigate the nuclear region, and rapidly move away to repeat this behavior on adjacent cells during the 1-month culture period. PMID- 7216235 TI - Alterations of the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in cells in culture regulated by nucleoplasmic extract. AB - Porcine skin nucleoplasmic extract (PSNE) was shown to alter the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of selected porcine, bovine, and human cell populations in culture. PSNE stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of porcine and bovine dermal cells an average of 300 and 200% of control value, respectively. When porcine and bovine epidermal cells were exposed to PSNE the treatment inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by an average of 48 and 45%, respectively. Similar inhibitions were observed for porcine and bovine kidney, porcine lung, and human KB cells. Thus, the effect of PSNE on the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of various cultured cells was either stimulatory to dermal cells or inhibitory to a variety of other cell types, including skin epidermal cells. The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of PSNE were abolished by heating PSNE for 5 min in boiling water before its addition to cell cultures. This suggests that macromolecular structure is important in the action of PSNE. PMID- 7216233 TI - De novo construction of cell-to-cell channels. AB - Nexus (gap junctions), which are considered to contain cell-to-cell channels, are newly formed in uterine smooth muscle during parturition or in response to estrogen treatment of virginal animals. A mRNA preparation was isolated from estrogen-dominated rat myometria and was encapsulated into liposomes. Subsequently the liposomes were fused with cultured cells of a mouse cell line CL 1D. It is established that these tumor cells normally are neither electrically coupled nor do they contain nexus. The cells, however, become electrically coupled a few hours after being loaded with the mRNA preparation. This de novo expression of cell coupling persisted for a litte more than 24 hr after a single loading procedure. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed small nexus-like particle aggregates at the time coupling was present. In control experiments the cells remained noncoupling when the RNA preparation was pretreated with ribonuclease, when cycloheximide was applied to the cells, or when liposomes filled with buffer solution only were used. These data suggest that the de novo expression of cell-to-cell coupling is accomplished by mRNA-induced protein biosynthesis resulting in the formation of cell-to-cell channels. PMID- 7216239 TI - Molecular differentiation of the mouse genital tract: serum-free organ culture system for morphological and biochemical correlations. AB - This report describes a serum-free system for studying the fetal mouse genital tract in organ culture. Using the techniques of isoelectric focusing and gel electrophoresis of polypeptides synthesized by the organ explant in culture, the biochemical integrity of as little as 1 to 2 mg of this tissue was determined during the period of culture. Thus, differentiation of the fetal genital tissue in organ culture can be assessed by both morphological and biochemical criteria. PMID- 7216238 TI - Isolation of adult canine venous endothelium for tissue culture. AB - In order to provide autologous adult endothelial cells for the production of cell lined artificial vascular prostheses, we have developed a method for harvesting large numbers of cells with minimal contamination by other cellular types. In this technique, the vein is incubated in trypsin-EDTA solution followed by collagenase and the endothelial cells flushed off with a stream of culture medium. With care and appropriate timing, the endothelium can be selectively removed leaving the underlying basal lamina intact. PMID- 7216240 TI - Culture of epithelial cells from the rat pleura. AB - Cells obtained by tryptic digestion of the surface of intact adult and fetal Fischer 344 rat lungs were plated on glass fragments. Epithelial cell lines were readily established by selecting fragments with 2 to 10 cells 2 days after plating and growing them in F12 K media containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). These cell lines and new lines that can be easily obtained a provide a reliable source of diploid, density-inhibited epithelial cells. These cells of mesothelial origin may serve as models for the study of mesothelial cells in situ. PMID- 7216237 TI - Human breast epithelium in organ culture: effect of hormones on growth and morphology. AB - Normal breast tissue from a 17-year-old girl was grown in organ culture for 3 weeks. A comparison was made between the effects on the epithelium of a defined culture medium containing various combinations of hormones and serum-supplemented medium that has been used to successfully maintain other human tissues for 4 months routinely, and in some cases for up to 1 year. After culture for 3 weeks the explants were exposed to [3H]thymidine and autoradiographs were prepared and evaluated in order to determine labeling indexes. The only serum-free defined medium that permitted any significant survival or labeling of the cells contained insulin + hydroxycortisone + prolactin. However, serum-supplemented medium along gave an even higher labeling index, and this was elevated more in media containing either progesterone or other combinations of hormones. Our study indicates that normal human breast (removed at the early postovulatory stage of the menstrual cycle) can be maintained in a differentiated state for 12 days in serum-supplemented media. By 2 weeks the cells had begun to migrate onto the surface of the explant. They then began to accumulate tonofilaments so that after 3 weeks in culture nearly all of the cells contained tonofilaments. The one exception was found in breast tissue cultured in the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin, where the cells maintained differentiated characteristics, despite the fact that they contained many lysosomes. PMID- 7216243 TI - Thirty-second annual meeting of the Tissue Culture Association, 1981, Washington, D.C. Abstracts. PMID- 7216241 TI - Effects of antibiotics on protein synthesis and degradation in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. AB - In primary hepatocyte cultures, maintained in a protein-free medium, streptomycin, penicillin, and Garamycin (gentamicin) all inhibited protein synthesis at concentrations above 0.1 mM. Some inhibition was also observed with the fungicide Mycostatin at 100 U/ml. Hepatocytic protein degradation was markedly inhibited by penicillin fat concentrations above 0.1 mM, whereas streptomycin and Garamycin only showed slight inhibition at concentrations in excess of 1 mM. None of the antibiotics had any detectable effect on the structural integrity (viability) of the cells. PMID- 7216244 TI - Purification & properties of mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase of rat liver. PMID- 7216242 TI - Enhancement of human amniotic cell growth by Ficoll-Paque gradient fractionation. AB - Ficoll-Paque isopycnic centrifugation was used as a preparative procedure for amniotic fluid (AF) cells prior to tissue culture. This technique serves to reduce contaminating erythrocytes and also enhances cell growth or mitotic indices. The technique described in this report yields three subfractions designated as a turbid interphase layer (F-2), a middle cell layer (F-3), and a bottom pellet (F-4). The middle cell layer (F-3) demonstrated better cell growth and higher mitotic index than any of the other fractions or control unfractionated amniotic fluid cells. The use of Ficoll-Paque isopycnic preparative centrifugation of amniotic fluid cells is a valuable adjunct in cell culture for cytogenetic analysis. This may be especially true when amniotic fluid contains large numbers of erythrocytes. PMID- 7216245 TI - Changes in levels of tissue-specific aldolases following whole-body X-irradiation of rat. PMID- 7216246 TI - Increase in rat serum aldolase levels induced by X-irradiation. PMID- 7216247 TI - Comparative studies of bovine erythrocyte aldolase with mammalian variants: immunological specificity of erythrocyte aldolase. PMID- 7216248 TI - A method for immobilising glucose oxidase. PMID- 7216249 TI - Effect of clofibrate on growth & mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in regeneration rat liver. PMID- 7216250 TI - Synthesis & hypoglycemic activity of arginine peptides. PMID- 7216251 TI - Retinol & membrane functions: phospholipid exchange between liver microsomes & mitochondria in rats fed retinol. PMID- 7216252 TI - Effect of intake of excess ethyl alcohol on lactate-pyruvate metabolism in male albino rats. PMID- 7216253 TI - Inhibitory effect of gibberellic acid & benzylaminopurine on development photosynthetic apparatus. PMID- 7216255 TI - Replication in Drosophila chromosomes: Part V--polytene chromosome replication after in vitro culture of larval salivary glands. PMID- 7216256 TI - Replication in Drosophila chromosomes: Part VI--relative heterochromatin content & autonomous endoreduplication cycles of hetero- & eu-chromatin in brain cells of Drosophila nasuta larva. PMID- 7216254 TI - Mouse spleen cells are sensitized sheep red blood cells: an Fc-rosette-forming system allowing the detection of "activated" Fc structures. AB - From a variety of Fc receptor-bearing cell/sensitized red blood cell combinations, mouse spleen cells, and sensitized SRBC were selected as an Fc specific EA rosette assay system because only this mixture combined a high percentage (about 50%) of rosette-forming cells with complete absence of spontaneous rosettes and showed no influence of complement on the rosette formation. From studies on the minimal structural requirement of IgG both for mediation and inhibition of EA rosettes using IgG and several well-defined fragments, it appeared that both the CH2 and the CH3 domain of Fc are needed for optimal interaction with the lymphocyte Fc receptor. Finally, it was demonstrated that the assay system is able to detect "activated" Fc structures (here: heat aggregated IgG) and to differentiate between varying amounts of such structures. PMID- 7216257 TI - Ultrastructural characterization of collapsed interchromatin material in alpha amanitin treated cells. PMID- 7216258 TI - Alleviation of isoniazid (INH) induced malformations in chick embryos by amino acids. PMID- 7216259 TI - A simple technique for maintaining the lizard (Calotes versicolor) embryos in culture till hatching. PMID- 7216260 TI - Transplacental, biological & metabolic effects of isoniazid (INH) in Swiss mice. PMID- 7216261 TI - Variations in total free amino acids & aminotransferase activity as a function of denervation atrophy & ammonia stress in selected tissues of frog Rana hexadactyla (Lesson). PMID- 7216263 TI - Inverse adaptation of ascorbic acid sensitive hepatic catalase in the frog Rana cyanophilictis during cold acclimation. PMID- 7216262 TI - Effect of rice & tapioca on lipids concentration in tissues in rats under different conditions of dietary intake of protein & fat. PMID- 7216264 TI - Biochemical constituents of the venom of the South Indian scorpion Heterometrus scaber. PMID- 7216265 TI - Chemical nature of toxic protein of venom of the South Indian scorpion Heterometrus scaber. PMID- 7216267 TI - Mast cells in different tissues of alloxan diabetic rat. PMID- 7216266 TI - Evaluation of genetic toxicity of insecticide phosphamidon using in vitro & in vivo mammalian test systems. PMID- 7216269 TI - Tumorigenic effect of aqueous & polyphenolic fractions of betel nut in Swiss strain mice. PMID- 7216268 TI - Temperature dependent receptor interconversion hypothesis: chronotropic histamine receptors in isolated guineapig atria. PMID- 7216270 TI - Effect of diethylcarbamazine & diethylcarbamazine-N-oxide on microfilariae in vitro in the presence of immune sera & leukocytes. PMID- 7216271 TI - Increase in monoamine oxidase activity of anterior pituitary & median eminence after long-term ovariectomy in rats. PMID- 7216272 TI - Effect of clonidine on urinary excretion pattern in rats. PMID- 7216273 TI - Observations on ascorbic acid content & cholesterol in male rat reproductive tissues. PMID- 7216274 TI - Electrophoretic pattern of serum in rats & guineapigs exposed to altitude stress. PMID- 7216275 TI - Amino acids composition of protein hydrolysates of different mammalian eye lenses. PMID- 7216276 TI - Testosterone & accessory sex gland lipids. PMID- 7216277 TI - Induction of oxytetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7216278 TI - Effect of norethisterone enanthate subdermal silastic implants on the ovary & uterus of adult rabbits. PMID- 7216279 TI - Mechanism of enhancement of DNA-uptake by polycations : effect of polycations on DNA, DNase & plasma membrane. PMID- 7216280 TI - Age related changes in cartilage matrix--possible mechanism for cartilage unresponsiveness to serum growth factors. PMID- 7216281 TI - Uptake & turnover pattern of radioactive phosphorous in three vector species of mosquitoes. PMID- 7216282 TI - Existence of rat liver cystathinonine beta-synthase in multiple molecular forms. PMID- 7216283 TI - Effect of adrenalectomy, hydrocortisone & actinomycin D on activity of NAD- & NAD linked isocitrate dehydrogenase of liver of rats of various ages. PMID- 7216284 TI - Cardio-pulmonary changes in mongrel dogs after exposure to kerosene smoke. PMID- 7216285 TI - Interaction of phosphamidon & benzene in female rabbits. PMID- 7216286 TI - Effect of coal mine dust on lymphoid organs in rats. PMID- 7216287 TI - Chemical occlusion of rhesus vas with quinacrine & its spontaneous reversal. PMID- 7216288 TI - Effect of adrenalectomy on lactate dehydrogenase activity in rat brain. PMID- 7216289 TI - Stimulatory effect of diethylcarbamazine on certain drug metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 7216290 TI - Kinetic characteristics of acetylcholinesterase in denervation atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle of Rana hexadactyla (Lesson). PMID- 7216291 TI - An attempt to establish penicillin-induced chronic epileptic foci in avian brain. PMID- 7216292 TI - Some cardiac biochemical changes accompanying chemically induced centrogenic cardiac arrhythmias in dog. PMID- 7216293 TI - Reaction of sulfhydryl compounds with Folin's phenol reagent. PMID- 7216294 TI - Effect of silver, gold & mercury colloids on erythrocyte & iron metabolism. PMID- 7216295 TI - Effect of LIV-52 on liver lipids. PMID- 7216297 TI - Nutritional & toxicological evaluation of 'karnal bunt' affected wheat. PMID- 7216298 TI - Biochemical mechanism of induction of fatty liver by tryptophan. PMID- 7216296 TI - Metabolic changes in kidney; of mice on alloxan treatment. PMID- 7216300 TI - Morphology of human glioma in monolayer culture. PMID- 7216299 TI - Effect of lesion of caudate nucleus on sexual behaviour of male rat (albino rat, Haffkine strain). PMID- 7216301 TI - Studies on haematological changes during immunization of mice against transplantable tumour. PMID- 7216302 TI - Effect of temperature on the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase isoenzymes. PMID- 7216303 TI - Antifertility properties of Embelia ribes : (embelin). PMID- 7216306 TI - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in lower respiratory tract infection. PMID- 7216304 TI - Physical working capacity and aerobic work capacity of normal Indian adults. PMID- 7216305 TI - Haematological response in hypoxic lung disease. PMID- 7216307 TI - The ear and congenital heart disease. PMID- 7216308 TI - Dietotherapy of congestive heart failure. PMID- 7216309 TI - Use of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (membrane lung) in acute respiratory failure. PMID- 7216310 TI - Yellow nail syndrome. PMID- 7216311 TI - Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome) due to streptomycin. PMID- 7216313 TI - Investigation of 1979 influenza outbreak caused by types A and B influenza viruses in Pune, India. PMID- 7216314 TI - Pulmonary function tests in rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 7216315 TI - Intrapleural tetracycline in management of malignant pleural effusions. PMID- 7216312 TI - Ventricular aneurysms: clinico morphological correlations. PMID- 7216316 TI - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia and pelvic injury: a rare clinical combination. PMID- 7216317 TI - Pulmonary agenesis. PMID- 7216318 TI - Localized pulmonary Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 7216319 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension--a long term follow-up. PMID- 7216320 TI - Occurrence of fungi in sputum of patients with chronic respiratory disorder. PMID- 7216321 TI - Genetic and functional analyses of the primary in vitro CTL: response of NZB lymphocytes to H-2-compatible cells. PMID- 7216323 TI - The Oh (Bombay group) phenotype--a case report. PMID- 7216324 TI - Medullary carcinoma of thyroid--a clinico-pathologic report of six cases. PMID- 7216322 TI - The location of C2, C4, and BF relative to HLA-B and HLA-D. AB - The loci for HLA-A,B,C,D, and DR are known to be closely linked to the structural loci for the complement components C2, BF, and the duplicated loci for C4, C4A and C4B. Conflicting evidence has been presented for the order of these genes. However, new techniques have made possible identification of markers in the HLA-D and C4 region for nearly all identified haplotypes. In our population we have confirmed five HLA-B-D crossovers and in each case informative allotypes of C2, BF, or C4A and C4B segregated with HLA-D or DR suggesting that the loci for these proteins lie close to HLA-D and DR. These findings may be of importance for resolving problems encountered in the assignment of HLA-D alleles. PMID- 7216325 TI - The effect of carbontetrachloride toxicity on erythrocyte hemolysis and on tissue catalysis of lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7216326 TI - Electron microscopic study of canine cardiac muscle subjected to hypothermia, exsagnuination and arrest in vivo. PMID- 7216327 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a child. A case report. PMID- 7216328 TI - First isolation of trichophyton soudanense in India. PMID- 7216330 TI - Endodermal sinus tumour of ovary--report of six cases with a review of the literature. PMID- 7216329 TI - Aerobic actinomycetes from soil. PMID- 7216331 TI - Nutrition deprivation: effects on feto-placental unit and fetal brain. PMID- 7216333 TI - Neonatology in India: present status and future prospects. PMID- 7216332 TI - Experiences with a mother or mother figure in a neonatal special care unit. PMID- 7216335 TI - Editorial comment: the changing concepts of neonatal care in developing countries. PMID- 7216334 TI - Home care of the newborn and management of high risk pregnancies in rural India. PMID- 7216336 TI - Gestational age assessment with clinical criteria and amniotic fluid study using point scoring system. PMID- 7216337 TI - Amniotic fluid cytology gestational age and fetal maturity. PMID- 7216338 TI - CEBS: a method for the rapid assessment of gestational age. PMID- 7216339 TI - Assessment of gestational age in the high-risk newborns. PMID- 7216340 TI - Neonatal intensive care organization: problems and solutions. PMID- 7216341 TI - An outbreak of diarrhea due to citrobacter freundii in a neonatal special care nursery. PMID- 7216342 TI - Stimulatory effect of levodopa and propranolol upon plasma growth hormone release in children and adolescents. PMID- 7216343 TI - Profile of rickets in hilly areas of Himachal Pradesh. PMID- 7216344 TI - Maternal disorders in India and their effects on the fetus. PMID- 7216345 TI - Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume I - The analysis of case-control studies. PMID- 7216346 TI - "Orbital haemangiopericytoma" (a case report). PMID- 7216347 TI - Documentation of corneal disorders. PMID- 7216349 TI - Cholesterol crystals in Eales' disease. PMID- 7216350 TI - Ocular cysticercosis (a study of 15 cases). PMID- 7216348 TI - Dermatophytosis and mycotic keratitis. PMID- 7216351 TI - Free amino acids in various stages of human cataractous lenses. PMID- 7216352 TI - Sub-conjunctival cysticercosis. PMID- 7216353 TI - "Evaluation of trabeculectomy" (done without operating microscope). PMID- 7216354 TI - Internal ophthalmoplegia following measles (morbilli). PMID- 7216355 TI - "Leber's optic atrophy". PMID- 7216356 TI - Neurilemmoma of optic nerve. PMID- 7216357 TI - Survival of retinoblastoma cases in North India. PMID- 7216358 TI - Histamine in uveitis. PMID- 7216359 TI - Contracted sockets--I (aetiology and types). PMID- 7216361 TI - Electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in uveitis. PMID- 7216360 TI - Ophthalmic changes in electro-convulsive therapy. PMID- 7216362 TI - Electrolyte composition in normal and cataractous lenses. PMID- 7216363 TI - Free pigmented bodies in the anterior chamber. PMID- 7216364 TI - An unusual foreign body in the anterior chamber of the eye. PMID- 7216366 TI - Intraocular foreign body (date palm leaf). PMID- 7216365 TI - Intralenticular foreign bodies. PMID- 7216367 TI - Schwannoma of the eye-lid. PMID- 7216368 TI - Actinomycotic lacrimal canaliculitis. PMID- 7216369 TI - Wyburn-Mason syndrome (a case report). PMID- 7216370 TI - Congenital teratoma of the orbit. PMID- 7216371 TI - Norepinephrine kinetics in essential hypertension. Defective neuronal uptake of norepinephrine in some patients. AB - To assess sympathetic nervous system function in essential hypertension, we measured the rates of release to and removal from plasma of the sympathetic neurotransmitter, norepinephrine. In normal subjects, disappearance of tritiated l-norepinephrine from plasma, after infusion to steady state, was biexponential, with t1 1/2 = 2.0 +/- 0.4 minutes (mean +/- standard deviation) and t2 1/2 = 33 +/- 15 minutes. The rapid component of removal seemed to represent neuronal uptake of norepinephrine: the t1 1/2 was lengthened by the selective inhibitor of neuronal norepinephrine uptake, desipramine; it was not changed by the extraneuronal uptake blocker, cortisol; and it was prolonged in patients with peripheral sympathetic nerve dysfunction (idiopathic autonomic insufficiency). In eight of 37 hypertensive patients, the t1 1/2 was greater than 2.8 minutes (range, 3.3-6.0 min), longer than in any normal subject; this appears to be presumptive evidence of the existence of defective neuronal norepinephrine uptake. In these patients the rate of spillover of norepinephrine to plasma, of transmitter escaping uptake after release, was 0.73 +/- 0.39 micrograms/m2/min (4.3 +/- 2.3 nmoles/m2/min), higher than in normal subjects, 0.36 +/- 0.14 micrograms/m2/min (2.1 +/- 0.8 nmoles/m2/min) (p less than 0.01). A defect in neuronal uptake of norepinephrine, by exposing adrenergic receptors to high local norepinephrine concentration, may be important in the pathogenesis of blood pressure elevation in some patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 7216372 TI - Does vasopressin contribute to salt-induced hypertension in the Dahl strain? AB - A humoral factor has been implicated in Dahl salt-sensitive genetically hypertensive rats. The goal of this study was to evaluate the pressor role of vasopressin (AVP) in Dahl rats. Salt-sensitive (S) and resistant (R) rats were fed either high (8%) or low (.04%) NaCl diets for 6 to 8 weeks. Blood pressure was elevated in S rats fed high salt diets (p less than 0.05). Plasma AVP increased with high salt diet in both groups (p less than 0.05), but was higher in S than R rats (2.0 +/- 0.3 and 1.3 +/- 0.2 microU/ml respectively, mean +/- SE, p less than 0.05). With low salt diet, plasma AVP did not differ significantly in S and R rats (1.0 +/- 0.2 and 0.7 +/- 0.2 microU/ml respectively). Pressor responses to intravenous injection of AVP were greater in S than R rats (p less than 0.05), but this difference was also observed with pressor responses to norepinephrine (S greater than R, p less than 0.05); there was no difference in pressor responses to AVP in S rats fed high vs low salt diet. Injection of 50 micrograms of d(CH2)5 VDAVP, which selectively inhibits vasoconstrictor effects of AVP, failed to lower blood pressure in S and R rats fed high or low salt diets despite the fact that this dose decreased pressor responses to 8 microU of AVP more than 90%. Although plasma AVP and vasopressor responses to AVP and NE are slightly elevated in S rats fed high salt, results with d(CH2)5 VDAVP suggest that vasoconstrictor effects of AVP do not play an important role in the maintenance of hypertension in Dahl S rats. PMID- 7216373 TI - Prolonged isometric exercise. Part 1: Effect on circulation and on renal excretion of sodium and potassium in mild essential hypertension. AB - The effect of stress, in the form of prolonged isometric exercise, on the circulation and on the renal excretion of sodium and potassium was studied in 18 patients with mild essential hypertension. Thirteen men and five women, aged 20 to 50 years with basal diastolic blood pressure (BP) between 90 and 110 mm Hg were matched by age, sex, and race with 18 controls who had basal diastolic BPs less than 85 mm Hg. After the subjects rested for 90 minutes, basal measurements of pulse rate, BP, and rates of sodium and potassium excretion were made. The subjects then underwent a 1-hour period of isometric exercise involving all four limbs in rotation, followed by 5 hours of rest during which the measurements were repeated at half-hourly intervals for the first 2 hours and at hourly intervals for the last 3 hours. On another day, the subjects were again studied after 1 hour of resting instead of exercise. Responses of each subject were then expressed as ratios of changes from the basal values observed on the exercise and rest days. Changes in systolic and diastolic BP and hart rate were not significantly different in the hypertensive and control groups. In hypertensive subjects, the rate of sodium and potassium excretion was decreased after isometric exercise compared with the rest day, whereas in normal subjects this response was reversed. For the first 3 hours after exercise, the cation excretion rate of the hypertensive group was significantly less than that of the control group. These results indicate that isometric exercise in mild hypertension induces prolonged renal retention of both sodium and potassium. PMID- 7216375 TI - Management of the hypertensive patient: a continuing dilemma. AB - The proper management of mild and moderate hypertension remains a matter of considerable professional disagreement. Major clinical and population research has largely been designed to define a level of blood pressure (BP) at which treatment should be initiated. This paper reviews studies of the natural history of hypertension and the findings of intervention trials to determine whether the BP level alone is adequate to identify, diagnose, and predict the future course of hypertensive patients. Observational data suggest that patients defined by mild elevation of BP are a heterogeneous group who do not share a common prognosis. Moreover, intervention trials reveal that not all those at risk of cardiovascular disease will benefit from hypotensive therapy. Thus, BP level alone defines neither the group at risk nor those likely to benefit from BP reduction. It is therefore concluded that the management of each patient with hypertension should be determined on the basis of available clinical, biochemical, and behavioral as well as epidemiological data. PMID- 7216374 TI - Prolonged isometric exercise. Part 2: Effect on circulation and on renal excretion of sodium and potassium in young males genetically predisposed to hypertension. AB - The effect of stress, in the form of prolonged isometric exercise, on the circulation and on the renal excretion of sodium and potassium was studied in 16 male medical students whose parental blood pressure (BP) was less than 140/85 mm Hg, and in 17 male students with one or two parents who had BPs greater than 150/95 mm Hg. After the subjects rested initially for 90 minutes, basal measurements were made of heart rate, BP, and the rates of sodium and potassium excretion. The subjects then underwent a 1-hour period of intermittent isometric exercise involving all four limbs in rotation, during which BP and heart rate were measured. A 5-hour period of rest followed, during which BP, heart rate, and the rate of electrolyte excretion were measured at half-hourly intervals for the first 2 hours and at hourly intervals for the last 3 hours. The precise protocol was repeated on another day in the absence of the period of isometric exercise. The electrolyte excretion responses of each subject were then expressed as the ratio of the changes from basal values observed on exercise and rest days. At no time was there any difference in systolic and diastolic BP, heart rate, and rate of sodium and potassium excretion following exercise when sons of normotensive parents were compared to the sons of hypertensive parent(s). These results indicate that the retention of sodium and potassium following isometric exercise seen in patients with hypertension does not occur in subjects genetically predisposed to hypertension and suggest that the effect is a consequence of, rather than a predisposing factor to, hypertension. PMID- 7216377 TI - Diazoxide disposition and effect on vascular resistance and compliance in dogs. PMID- 7216376 TI - Effect of salt on prostaglandin metabolism in hypertension-prone and -resistant Dahl rats. AB - The effect of high salt intake on vascular and renomedullary prostaglandin (PG) synthesis was compared in Sprague-Dawley and salt-sensitive (S) and -resistant (R) Dahl rats. Animals were given a diet containing either 0.6% or 8% NaCl starting at 5 weeks of age, and were sacrificed 6 weeks later. Systolic blood pressure of S rats increased to 220 +/- 7 mm Hg but was unaffected in R and Sprague-Dawley rats. Prostaglandin synthesis was studied in aortic rings and renomedullary microsomes using 14C-arachidonate as substrate. [3H]PGE2 degradation was measured in the renocortical cytosol. In Sprague-Dawley and R rats, aortic PGI2 synthesis was not affected by high salt intake, while a significant increase compared to animals on 0.6% NaCl (from 608 +/- 84 to 992 +/ 108 pmoles/60 min, p less than 0.05) was noted in S rats. Enhancement of PGI2 synthesis in S rats may be secondary to the hypertension. Salt-loading consistently stimulated renomedullary PGE2 synthesis in all three animal groups. S rats, however, had the lowest PG synthesis in renal medullas compared to Sprague-Dawley and R rats when placed on either diet. Thus, even after 6 weeks on high salt, S rats did not reach the levels of PGE2 synthesis seen in R or Sprague Dawley rats on regular diet. The activity of cortical 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase was increased by salt-loading in S and Sprague-Dawley, but not in R rats. R rats had lower dehydrogenase activity than the other two groups when placed on either diet. The observed differences in PG synthesis and catabolism will tend to maintain the net output of renal PGs highest in R and lowest in S rats. These differences correlate with the reported differences in renal papillary flow between these two rat strains and may be relevant to their susceptibility or resistance to hypertension in response to salt. PMID- 7216378 TI - Clonidine attenuation of a cardiogenic hypertensive chemoreflex. AB - Clonidine is an antihypertensive agent with a primary action mediated by alpha adrenergic stimulation in the central nervous system, thus inhibiting sympathetic efferent activity. Serotonin activates a cardiogenic hypertensive chemoreflex which induces discharges of sympathetic efferent neurons. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of intravenous clonidine upon the thoracic sympathetic efferent discharges in chloralose-anesthetized dogs, their peripheral autonomic receptors being blocked with atropine, propranolol, and phentolamine. Efferent nerve traffic was quantified using a Schmitt trigger and Digital PDP8/e computer. Control spontaneous activity (tone) following autonomic blockade was normalized at 100%. Serotonin (100 microgram/ml, 2 ml, left atrium) caused an increase in the reflex efferent sympathetic activity to 192% +/- 16% of control (p less than 0.001). Following clonidine, the tone was decreased to 63% +/- 6% of control, and the reflex sympathetic discharge elicited by serotonin was significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced from 192% to 116% +/- 9% of control tone (before clonidine). The attenuation of the reflexly elicited discharge was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than the attenuation of the tone. In four dogs that did not receive atropine, the vago-vagal reflex sinus bradycardia induced by serotonin was not affected by clonidine. PMID- 7216379 TI - Systemic and regional hemodynamic changes associated with anterior hypothalamic lesions in conscious rats. AB - Systemic and regional hemodynamics were determined with the radioactive microsphere technique either in conscious "sham-lesioned" Wistar rats or after bilateral electrolytic lesions of the nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus. Both mean arterial pressure (111 +/- 4 vs 152 +/- 3 mm Hg) and heart rate (376 +/- 15 vs 504 +/- 12 beats/min) were significantly increased 2 hours after lesioning (p less than 0.001). Although cardiac output tended to increase, it did not attain statistical significance; therefore this form of neurogenic hypertension is characterized by increased total peripheral resistance. Regional hemodynamics were measured 2 hours after placement of the lesions: skeletal muscle flow increased, renal cutaneous and splanchnic flows decreased, and brain and myocardial flows were preserved. These hemodynamic alterations were associated with significant elevations in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels, and behavioral changes characterized by hypermotility, aggressitivity, and irritability, which resembled those seen during fighting and exercise. PMID- 7216380 TI - Renal prostaglandin excretion and metabolism in male and female New Zealand normotensive and genetically hypertensive rats. AB - Reduced renal 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) activity has been proposed as a cause, subsequent to elevation of intrarenal prostaglandin (PG) E2 levels, of the development or maintenance of high blood pressure (BP) in the New Zealand genetically hypertensive (NZGH) rat. To test this hypothesis, PGDH activity in homogenates of kidneys and lungs and in urine concentration and excretion of PGE2 were determined in male and female NZGH and normotensive control (NZNR) rats. Lung PGDH activities of the four groups were similar. Renal PGDH activity was 50% lower for the male NZGH than for the male NZNR, but for the female rats no difference in renal PGDH activity was found between NZGH and NZNR. In addition, there was a large sex-related difference in renal PGDH activities, values for the female rats being only 5% to 10% of the values for males. Urine PGE2 concentration and excretion were two to five times greater for the female rats than for the males, but did not differ between male NZGH and male NZNR. From these observations, it appears that neither renal PGDH activity nor urine PGE2 levels is associated with hypertension in the New Zealand genetically hypertensive strain of rats. PMID- 7216381 TI - Effect of dehydration and a few regimes of rehydration on human performance. AB - The present study was prompted by the controversy about the effect of heat induced dehydration on human performance, and the popular Indian belief that it is not advisable to take water immediately after prolonged exertion in the sun. The points investigated were: (i) the effect of dehydration on some aspects of physical and mental performance, and (ii) variation in the post-dehydration performance caused by the timing of rehydration. Dehydration amounting to 2% of body weight did not impair mechanical efficiency while 3% dehydration reduced the endurance time for isometric contraction of extensors of the forearm. The maximum isometric tension and mental performance, measured by proof reading and a choice reaction time experiment, were not affected. The studies suggested that once dehydration had been produced, rehydration or its timing did not make any difference. Analysis of the results in terms of the sequence in which the experiments were done suggested the influence of psychological factors on the performance measured. PMID- 7216382 TI - Effect of protein deprivation and subsequent rehabilitation on the intestinal transport of L-methionine in vivo. AB - The effect of protein deprivation and subsequent rehabilitation on the intestinal transport of L-methionine was studied in albino rats of both sexes. The rats given diet containing no protein or 3 per cent maize protein for 28 days, lost their intestinal cell population by 50 and 20 per cent respectively. The net absorption rate of L-methionine was little affected, while absorptive capacity of intestinal cells was considerably enhanced in protein-deficient rats. The increase in absorptive capacity of intestinal cells was much higher in rats given protein-free diet than in those given maize diet. The augmentation is absorptive capacity of intestinal cells of protein-deprived rats was a temporary adaptation to the conditions that prevent the formation of new cells. Rehabilitation of malnourished rat on diet containing 17 per cent casein, resulted in a rapid increase in intestinal cell population, return of the absorptive capacity of intestinal cells to normal, and augmentation in net absorption rates. PMID- 7216383 TI - Reversible chemical sterilization: effects of cyclohexanol administration on the testes and epididymides of male rabbit. AB - Cyclohexanol administration (25 mg/kg/day orally for 40 days) produced a brief period of infertility in rabbits by inhibiting the process of spermatogenesis at the spermatocyte and spermatid levels. Seminiferous tubule and Leydig cell nuclear dimensions were reduced. The lumen of epididymides and ductus deferens were devoid of spermatozoa. Cyclohexanol administration reduced the concentrations of RNA, protein, sialic acid and glycogen in the testes and epididymides, whereas the total cholesterol concentration of the testes was elevated. Depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid was conspicuous. Moderate elevation of serum cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, bilirubin, and pyruvate transaminase were recorded. Histopathological examination of liver did not show any damage. Leydig cell impairment and decreased production of RNA and sialic acid in the testes returned to subnormal values after cessation of cyclohexanol treatment for 70 days. Normal spermatogenesis was seen after 10 weeks of recovery period. PMID- 7216384 TI - Investigations on metabolic alterations in laying hens following amino acid administration. AB - Ketogenic amino acids L-leucine and L-isoleucine were administered in amounts of 100 mg with or without 1.5 g glucose to overnight fasting laying hens. On administering leucine the blood glucose level was observed to be slightly reduced while administration of isolencine increased the blood sugar. On injecting leucine or isoleucine with glucose blood glucose level was found to be appreciably higher as compared to that observed on administering glucose alone. In vivo administration of amino acids caused only a slight increase in plasma alpha-amino nitrogen. The liver glycogen was found to be reduced after the administration of amino acids. these observations indicate that amino acids leucine and isoleucine exercise a definite role on glucose uptake, and its mechanism of utilization in poultry birds is different from mammals. PMID- 7216385 TI - Respiratory performance and grip strength tests on the basketball players of inter-university competition. AB - The participants of Basketball in the Inter-University competition were tested for assessing the physical efficiency level with special reference to respiratory and strength performances. The simple anthropometric measurements like height and weight of these subjects were noted to be higher than those of average healthy nonathlete populations of India. The socio-economic status of these subjects was assessed by standard questionnaire method and they were from families having income range between Rs. 85/-165/ per capita per month. The respiratory performances viz. FVC, FEV1, MVV, MEFR, PEFR were all noted to be high in these sportsmen in comparison to those of age-matched healthy Indians. The grip strength test values were similar to those of hockey and soccer players. This study, therefore, indicated more efficiency in basketball players than in the age matched average non-athlete healthy Indians. PMID- 7216386 TI - Maze-cum-activity cage with automatic recording system for evaluation of circadian incentive drives in rats. AB - Maze-cum-activity cage is devised in order to record the activity shift patterns of incentive drive of rats. The main features of this instrument are its low cost, simplicity or recording system and evaluation of time shift patterns of the activity when animal is moving for preferential cues such as food, water socio sexual environment provided in the cage during a 24 hour period. PMID- 7216387 TI - Influence of sex steroids and prolactin on rat mammary gland. AB - The effect of sex steroids and prolactin on rat mammary glands. Estradiol-17 beta alone was found to increase the protein concentration significantly. Progesterone increased LDH and G-6-PD activities whereas Estradiol and Prolactin decreased LDH activity. G-6-PD activity was increased by estradiol and prolactin. Glycogen concentration was decreased by prolactin alone. Further, these hormones increased the percentage of total 'M' subunits and decreased total 'H' subunits of LDH. In general, sex steroids and prolactin increased glycogen utilisation and prepared the Mammary Gland or anaerobic metabolism. PMID- 7216389 TI - Mechanism of hypercalciuria in experimental metabolic acidosis. AB - To study the mechanism of hypercalciuria in metabolic acidosis, ammonium chloride loading (long) test was performed in 68 stone formers and 50 controls. Administration of ammonium chloride in both stone formers and controls produced a significant increase in urinary volume, ammonium and calcium excretions, no change in plasma calcium and creatinine clearance and significant decrease in plasma bicarbonate. However, on the third day of ammonium chloride loading test, urinary ammonium excretion and plasma bicarbonate levels were significantly lower while urinary calcium excretion was significantly greater in stone formers than in controls. Thus calciuresis could be correlated with the degree of metabolic acidosis but not with the rate of urinary ammonium excretion. PMID- 7216390 TI - Effect of estrogen on lens epithelium in the albino rat. AB - Normally in the rats under the lens capsule there is a single layer of epithelial cells extending up to the equator. The effect of estrogen on the lens epithelium is that of atrophy which may be a factor in the development of lenticular opacity. PMID- 7216388 TI - Effect of glucagon on arrhythmias induced by coronary artery occlusion and ouabain in dogs. AB - The effect of glucagon in arrhythmias induced by coronary artery occlusion and ouabain was studied in dogs. Intravenous administration of glucagon (50 microgram/kg) to 6 dogs with more than 70% ectopic activity after coronary artery occlusion, resulted in significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in ectopics and increase in heart rate. Infusion of glucagon (2.5 microgram/kg/min) for 30 min caused complete elimination of ectopic activity during infusion period. In another series of 7 experiments, glucagon failed to abolish the ouabain-induced ectopic beats. In fact the hormone itself caused a significant (P less tha 0.01) increase in ectopic activity and heart rate. However, in 7 dogs with complete heart block produced after ouabain conversion to normal sinus rhythm was observed after glucagon. PMID- 7216391 TI - Monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity of 2-aryl-3-(5'-chlorobenzophenon-2'-yl) quinazolin-4-(3H)-ones. PMID- 7216393 TI - Effect of isoprenaline on either-induced arrhythmias. PMID- 7216392 TI - Plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone during normal menstrual cycle in langur monkey (Presbytis entellus entellus) PMID- 7216394 TI - A simple device for rapid measurement of rat paw oedema for evaluation of anti inflammatory activity. PMID- 7216395 TI - A plea for commitment to the Cause of Breast Feeding. PMID- 7216396 TI - A longitudinal study of physical growth from birth to six year in children with birth weight of 2501 g. or more. PMID- 7216398 TI - Significant bacteriuria in school children in different socio-economic strata. PMID- 7216397 TI - Assessment of malnutrition by midarm circumference and its ratio to head circumference. PMID- 7216399 TI - Pattern of malaria in children and its therapeutic evaluation. PMID- 7216400 TI - A study of taeniasis in children. PMID- 7216403 TI - Sickle cell anaemia during infancy. PMID- 7216401 TI - Evaluation of various methods in treatment of enuresis. PMID- 7216402 TI - Extracranial non-leukemic childhood malignancies: a ten-year study. PMID- 7216404 TI - Breast feeding: a guide for practitioners and peripheral field personnel. PMID- 7216405 TI - Acinetobacter meningitis: case report with review of literature. PMID- 7216408 TI - Indian childhood cirrhosis: yesterday, today and tomorrow. PMID- 7216407 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism with ectodermal dysplasia. PMID- 7216406 TI - Foreign body of the tonsil. PMID- 7216409 TI - Study of the role of tryptophan metabolism in Indian Childhood Cirrhosis. PMID- 7216411 TI - Incidence and mortality of hospitalized diarrhoea cases. Part III. PMID- 7216410 TI - Serum glycoproteins in Indian Childhood Cirrhosis. PMID- 7216412 TI - Purified human Ascaris antigen in the diagnosis of ascariasis. PMID- 7216413 TI - Spontaneous appendico-cutaneous fistula (case report). PMID- 7216414 TI - Intraperitoneal round worm abscess (case report). PMID- 7216416 TI - Demonstration of opsonizing antibodies to Francisella tularensis by leukocyte chemiluminescence. AB - Twenty-three individuals were vaccinated with a viable attenuated strain of Francisella tularensis, and blood was collected at various time intervals during 4 weeks. To demonstrate opsonizing antibodies, a mixture of serum and vaccine bacteria was incubated, whereafter the chemiluminescence response of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes to this mixture was recorded. No opsonizing antibodies against F. tularensis were found in sera obtained before vaccination. Eleven days after vaccination, sera from nine individuals, and 21 days after vaccination, sera from all 23 individuals contained antibodies. Antibodies were demonstrated earlier with the chemiluminescent technique that with the agglutination reaction. Heat treatment (56 degrees C, 30 min) or removal of complement component C3 from immune serum reduced the chemiluminescent response of the leukocytes. A high chemiluminescent response of the leukocytes was induced by immunoglobulin G (IgG)- and IgM-enriched fractions of immune serum in the presence of complement. In the absence of complement, the IgG fraction induced a low chemiluminescent response; the IgM fraction induced no response at all. PMID- 7216415 TI - Mice refractory to lipopolysaccharide manifest high immunoglobulin A responses to orally administered antigen. AB - Lipid A-nonresponding C3H/HeJ mice manifested high immune responses to orally administered (either by feeding or by intragastric immunization) heterologous erythrocytes when compared with syngeneic lipid A-responding C3H/HeN mice. Prolonged consumption of horse erythrocytes resulted in a significant secretory immune response in both C3H mouse strains as evidenced by high salivary agglutinin titers. Although salivary agglutinin titers were only slightly greater in C3H/HeJ mice than those of C3H/HeN mice, serum agglutinin titers and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were consistently higher (two- to fourfold) in C3H/HeJ mice. The appearance of anti-horse erythrocyte plaque-forming cell responses in spleens of immunized animals was followed by an increase in salivary anti-horse erythrocyte agglutinin activity. Peak levels of both responses were attained after approximately 3 weeks of immunization. Differences in immune responsiveness between C3H mouse strains were also evident at the cellular level since splenic IgA anti-horse erythrocyte plaque-forming cell responses in fed C3H/HeJ mice were twofold higher than those in similarly treated C3H/HeN mice. This higher response pattern was also observed when C3H/HeJ mice manifested threefold higher splenic IgM and IgA plaque-forming cell responses to intragastrically administered sheep erythrocytes. Thus, higher responsiveness was observed in the C3H/HeJ mice given heterologous erythrocytes by the oral route. Furthermore, levels of serum IgA in 10- to 12-month-old nonimmunized C3H/HeJ mice were higher than those of C3H/HeN mice. These findings suggest that lack of host responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide affects the manifestation of subsequent immune responses to orally administered antigens. The possible mechanisms and implications of this high responsiveness are discussed. PMID- 7216417 TI - Evaluation of influenza A/Hong Kong/123/77 (H1N1) ts-1A2 and cold-adapted recombinant viruses in seronegative adult volunteers. AB - Two attenuated influenza A donor viruses, the A/Udorn/72 ts-1A2 and the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) viruses, are being evaluated for their ability to reproducibly attenuate each new variant of influenza A virus to a specific and desired level by the transfer of one or more attenuating genes. Each of these donor viruses has been able to attenuate influenza A viruses belonging to the H3N2 subtype by the transfer of one or more attenuating genes. To determine whether these two donor viruses could attenuate a wild-type virus that belonged to a different influenza A subtype, ts-1A2 and ca recombinants of a wild-type virus representative of the A/USSR/77 (H1N1) Russian influenza strain were prepared and evaluated in adult doubly seronegative volunteers at several doses. The recombinants derived from both donor viruses were attenuated for the doubly seronegative adults. Less than 5% of infected vaccinees developed a febrile or systemic reaction, whereas five of six recipients of wild-type virus developed such a response. The 50% human infectious dose (HID(50)) for each recombinant was approximately 10(5.0) 50% tissue culture infective doses. The virus shed by the ts-1A2 and ca vaccinees retained the ts or ca phenotype, or both. This occurred despite replication of the recombinant viruses for up to 9 days. No evidence for transmission of the ca or ts-1A2 recombinant virus to controls was observed. A serum hemagglutination inhibition response was detected in less than 50% of the infected vaccinees. However, with the more sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a serological response was detected in 100% of the ca vaccinees given 300 HID(50) and approximately 70% of ca or ts vaccinees who received 10 to 32 HID(50) of virus. These results indicate that the recombinants derived from both donor viruses were satisfactorily attenuated and were stable genetically after replication in doubly seronegative adults although they induced a lower serum hemagglutination inhibition response than that found previously for H3N2 ts and ca recombinants. PMID- 7216418 TI - Immunity to pathogenic free-living amoebae: role of humoral antibody. AB - Pathogenic free-living amoebae are common in nature, but few clinical infections by these amoebae have been reported. This has prompted studies of host susceptibility factors in humans. A survey of normal human sera from three New Zealand Health Districts was made; antibodies to pathogenic free-living amoebae were found in all sera, with titers ranging from 1:5 to 1:20 for Naegleria spp. and from 1:20 to 1:80 for Acanthamoeba spp. The antibodies belonged mainly to immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M classes. The presence of a specific neutralizing factor against Acanthamoeba spp. but not Naegleria spp. was demonstrated. Possible protective mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7216419 TI - Characterization of the strain-specific and common surface antigens of Mycoplasma arginini. AB - A combination of quantitative immunoelectrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine location and molecular weights of surface membrane antigens of four strains of Mycoplasma arginini. Two major surface antigens were identified for M. arginini by absorption of antiserum with whole cells: one surface antigen was strain specific, electrophoretically fast, and prominently located on the surface, whereas the other surface antigen was common to the four strains and of intermediate electrophoretic mobility. Three of the four strains of M. arginini (G-230, 23243, and 27389) possessed immunologically strain-specific antigens which did not cross-react, whereas the leonis strain lacked an immunologically detectable unique surface antigen. A monospecific antiserum prepared against immune precipitates of the strain-specific antigen of strain G-230 detected three polypeptides of 74,000, 44,000, and 17,000 daltons in SDS-polyacrylamide gels of membrane preparations. All four strains shared the common surface antigen which appeared considerably more hydrophobic than the strain-specific surface antigen because it could only be demonstrated by charge-shift immunoelectrophoretic conditions (addition of deoxycholate to the nonionic detergent). Monospecific antiserum to the common antigen of strain G-230 reacted with all four M. arginini strains, but did not react with two other arginine-utilizing species, and recognized three polypeptides of 40,000, 29,000, and 20,000 daltons in membranes of strain G-230. Whereas the common surface antigen is a likely target for conventional serological reactions used for identification of the species M. arginini, strain-specific antigen cannot fulfill this role but must participate in other surface reactions. PMID- 7216422 TI - Virulence of Yersinia enterocolitica determined by lethality in Mongolian gerbils and by the Sereny test. AB - Virulence of human and environmental strains of Yersinia enterocolitica was evaluated by lethality in Mongolian gerbils and by the Sereny test. The inducement of conjunctivitis in guinea pigs and lethality in gerbils after intraperitoneal administration was restricted to a few serotypes of Y. enterocolitica. Human strains of serotype O:8 were the most virulent, whereas strains of the common human serotype O:3 and most others were essentially avirulent. One virulent strain of serotype O:8 produced fatal infections within 7 days in four of five gerbils receiving 100 cells intraperitoneally. There was no observable difference in virulence between intraperitoneal and oral routes of administration, and upon death the infecting strain was found in high numbers in heart blood, lung, liver, and spleen. Virulence in both guinea pigs and gerbils was related to the presence of VW antigen determined by a nutritional requirement for calcium. PMID- 7216423 TI - Relationship of antibody to outcome in neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. AB - Neutralizing antibody titers to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 were measured at birth in normal infants and uninfected infants of mothers with genital HSV infections during pregnancy and at the onset of infection in 5 infants with mild infections and 11 infants with severe infections. Thirty-eight percent of premature and 29% of term infants had neutralization titers of <1:5. High titers ([unk]1:40) were found in 55% of infants of mothers with primary infections during pregnancy and in 76% of infants of mothers with recurrent infections. The mean titers to HSV-1 and -2 in 5 infected infants with mild infections were 1:56 and 1:65 at the time of onset of infection, whereas the mean titers in 11 infants with severe infections were 1:11 and 1:12. Six natally exposed infants who remained asymptomatic were also studied and had a mean titer to HSV-1 of 1:85 and to HSV-2 of 1:69. Therefore, infants with high titers of transplacentally derived antibody had a more favorable outcome than infants with lower titers. Ninety-five percent of the infants of mothers with recurrent infections had a Rawls index of more than 85, suggesting that the antibody response was to HSV-2. However, low levels of antibody with this type specificity failed to protect four infants from infection with HSV-2. Augmentation of the neutralization titer to HSV-2 by the amount of complement present in cord serum was less than twofold. The study suggests that the quantity of antibody derived transplacentally affects the outcome of infection after natal exposure to herpes simplex virus. Complete neutralization of virus by antibody may occur in some infants, and prolongation of the incubation period and modification of the infection may occur in others. PMID- 7216420 TI - Characterization of the adherence properties of Streptococcus salivarius. AB - The adherence and aggregation properties of 46 human oral Streptococcus salivarius isolates were examined. A total of 41% of the isolates aggregated with whole human saliva, 50% aggregated with human erythrocytes, and 85% adhered to human buccal epithelial cells. Strains that aggregated with saliva and erythrocytes usually reacted with Streptococcus group K typing serum whereas the non-hemagglutinating strains did not. K+ strains also adhered more strongly to human buccal epithelial cells than K- strains. All isolates coaggregated with Fusobacterium nucleatum LF and Bacteroides asaccharolyticus 2D, 91% coaggregated with Veillonella alcalescens V1, and 50% coaggregated with Veillonella parvula V4. S. salivarius HB aggregated with saliva from 15 different human donors and aggregated with human erythrocytes irrespective of the blood group. This strain only weakly aggregated with rat saliva or rat erythrocytes. We isolated mutants which concomitantly lost the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes, aggregate with saliva, and bind to buccal epithelial cells, but retained their interbacterial aggregation properties. A second class of mutants lost the ability to coaggregate with Veillonella, but these mutants retained all of the other aggregation properties. Treatment of S. salivarius HB cells with pronase or subtilisin destroyed their ability to aggregate with saliva and erythrocytes and to bind to buccal epithelial cells. The unique characteristics of the aggregation and adherence reactions were suggested by differences in the rate of loss of activity during protease treatment and in the response to chemical modification. The presence of saliva did not affect hemagglutination and adherence to buccal epithelial cells. Binding of the salivary aggregating factor to the bacteria could be distinguished from aggregation on the basis that the latter required divalent cations. The factor involved in coaggregation with F. nucleatum LF was physicochemically different from the other factors, since it was resistant to heat and to extraction with trichloroacetic acid, aqueous phenol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and formamide, but was sensitive to proteases and was present in both classes of mutants. Coaggregation with V. alcalescens was not sensitive to proteases. A variety of mono- and disaccharides had no influence on any of the reactions tested. PMID- 7216421 TI - Genetic control of susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. AB - Inbred mice injected intravenously with 5 x 10(6) cells of Cryptococcus neoformans showed two patterns of survival: sensitive (A/WySn, A.BY, A/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, and SWR/J) and resistant [C57BL/10Sn, B10.A, B10.A (2R), B10.S (7R),C57BR/cdJ, C58/J, C3H/HeJ, BALB/c, DBA/1J, and SJL/J]. Relative susceptibility based on survival time was shown to correspond to differences obtained for 50% lethal dose values. Either decreasing the dose of organisms or changing to the intraperitoneal route of inoculation resulted in prolonged survival times, but neither change affected the observed patterns of survival. F1 hybrids between different sensitive strains were also sensitive, whereas F1 hybrids between sensitive and resistant strains were resistant, indicating a dominant mode of inheritance. Sensitivity and resistance were shown to be under single gene control by segregation analysis in F2 progeny produced by inbreeding (B10.A x A/WySn)F1 hybrids and in (F1 x A/WySn) backcross progeny. Blood obtained from parental strains, F1, F2, and backcross hybrids was tested for the presence or absence of hemolytic complement. Mice lacking hemolytic complement activity in their sera are homozygous for the Hc(0) allele at the Hc locus on chromosome 2 and are deficient in the complement component C5. A 1:1 correspondence was found between C5 deficiency and sensitivity to C. neoformans. Resistance was shown to cosegregate with the presence of hemolytic complement in the F2 and the backcross progenies. PMID- 7216425 TI - Energy metabolism in Capnocytophaga ochracea. AB - Among the microflora of the gingival sulcus are members of the genus Capnocytophaga which have been implicated as possible etiological agents of juvenile periodontitis and systemic infectious diseases. In this study, the pathway used by C. ochracea strain 25 for generating energy from glucose was investigated. When grown in a complex medium supplemented with glucose and NaHCO(3), the major end products formed were acetate (4.6 mmol), succinate (11.0 mmol), pyruvate (4.3 mmol), and oxalacetate (3.6 mmol), and the molar growth yield was 58. Addition of yeast extract to the growth medium caused (i) an increase in acetate (9.2 mmol) and succinate (14.3 mmol), (ii) a decrease in pyruvate (0 mmol) and oxalacetate (1.1 mmol), and (iii) the molar growth yield increased to 75. Glucose was transported by a phosphoenolpyruvate:phosphotransferase system and then catabolized to phosphoenolpyruvate by enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. No activities were detected for the key enzymes of the Warburg-Dickens, Entner Douderoff, or hexose phosphoketolase pathways. During growth in the yeast extract supplemented medium, approximately 37% of the phosphoenolpyruvate carbon was converted to acetate by pyruvate kinase, a pyruvate-decarboxylating enzyme activity, and acetate kinase; the remaining 63% was converted to succinate via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, and fumarate reductase. PMID- 7216424 TI - Neutralizing activity against Clostridium difficile toxin in the supernatants of cultured colostral cells. AB - Human colostral specimens were obtained from 60 Japanese postpartum women within the first 3 days after delivery. Neutralizing activity against Clostridium difficile toxin was evaluated with Y1 adrenal cells in miniculture. When Y1 adrenal cells were exposed briefly to the toxin, they showed a rounding response in culture, resembling that effected by Escherichia coli enterotoxin; however, preincubation of the toxin with aqueous phase of colostrum significantly reduced its cytopathic effect on Y1 adrenal cells. Of 60 colostral specimens, 17 samples had neutralizing activity against the toxin. Cell-free supernatants of colostral cells cultured for 7 days without mitogens contained significant amounts of both immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM, but very small amounts of IgG. Neutralizing activity of cell-free supernatants of cultured colostral cells was evaluated as described above. Neutralizing activity against the toxin was identified in five samples of culture supernatants out of 60 colostral cell specimens. In all five cases, the aqueous phase of colostrum also had a neutralizing effect against C. difficile toxin. Neutralizing activity against the toxin found in five supernatants of cultured colostral cells was completely abolished only by anti human IgA antibody as assessed by immune precipitation. PMID- 7216427 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferative responses by ribavirin. AB - When added to cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, ribavirin (1-beta-D ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) inhibited antigen- and mitogen induced proliferative responses as determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Dose-dependent suppressive effects were obtained when concentrations of 5 to 60 microgram of ribavirin per ml were added at culture initiation or up to 96 h thereafter. Ribavirin inhibited [3H]uridine and [3H]leucine incorporation by concanavalin A-activated and normal lymphocytes although not as severely as deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. The capacity of ribavirin to interfere with lymphoproliferative responses was entirely reversed by guanosine and, to a lesser extent, by adenosine and xanthosine. These studies demonstrate that ribavirin is a reversible inhibitor of lymphocyte nucleic acid synthesis and suggest that the drug may be immunosuppressive when administered in vivo. PMID- 7216426 TI - Antigenic studies of oral and nonoral black-pigmented Bacteroides strains. AB - Antigens of several oral and nonoral strains of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (proposed classification of oral B. asaccharolyticus, Bacteroides gingivalis), Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus, and B. melaninogenicus subsp. levii were identified in soluble preparations obtained by sonication, autoclaving, and NaOH treatment of whole bacterial cells. The sonicate preparations contained the most complete representation of soluble antigens using antisera to the whole organism in gel precipitation tests. Among strains of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius many common antigens were detected, and no consistent antigenic differences were seen between strains from oral and nonoral sites. None of the antigens of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius reacted with sera raised to several strains of oral or nonoral B. asaccharolyticus, nor did antigens prepared from the latter strains react with antisera to B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius. At least one common antigen was shared by strains of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius and strains of B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus; however, subspecies specific antigens were also found. Antigens from and antisera to oral and nonoral strains of B. asaccharolyticus did not react with sera to and antigens from B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus. Strains of B. asaccharolyticus isolated from the oral cavity were antigenically distinct from strains of B. asaccharolyticus obtained from nonoral sites and lesions. This lack of cross reactivity between the oral and nonoral strains of B. asaccharolyticus together with recent findings of marked genetic differences between oral and nonoral strains of B. asaccharolyticus suggest that these groups of organisms may represent different species. PMID- 7216428 TI - Interactions between murine alveolar macrophages and Mycoplasma pulmonis in vitro. AB - In comparison to syngeneic fibroblasts, alveolar macrophages collected from Fischer 344 rats demonstrated a significant ability to decrease the growth rate of cell-associated Mycoplasma pulmonis, even in the absence of specific actimycoplasmal antibodies. However, when exposed to thallium acetate (a cytotoxic heavy metal), macrophages supported growth of mycoplasmas almost as well as did untreated fibroblasts. This suggests an active antimycoplasmal process operative in untreated macrophages. In contrast, mouse alveolar macrophages were not capable of exerting an antimycoplasmal effect unless rabbit anti-M. pulmonis antibodies were present. Paradoxically, mouse anti-M. pulmonis antibodies did not promote this effect. PMID- 7216430 TI - Selective antibacterial properties of lysozyme for oral microorganisms. AB - The antibacterial properties of lysozyme were investigated with oral microorganisms representing the seven serotypes (a through g) of Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella alcalescens, and the virulent (V) and avirulent (AV) strains of Actinomyces viscosus T14. Growth of bacteria in defined medium was monitored spectrophotometrically after the addition of various amounts (25 mug to 5 mg/ml) of enzyme. No growth inhibition of V. alcalescens was observed. Inhibition of A. viscosus T14(V) and A. viscosus T14(AV) occurred with 160 mug of lysozyme per ml. Of the S. mutans cultures tested, the serotype a and b strains were inhibited with as little as 25 mug of enzyme per ml, whereas e and f strains were most resistant to the bacteriostatic activity of lysozyme. The presence of dl threonine or sucrose in growth medium did not significantly affect the results. A lysoplate assay was developed to rapidly survey the bacterial cultures for their susceptibility to the lytic ability of the enzyme. Lysis, as a measure of a zone of clearing in agarose plates, occurred for all microorganisms in the presence of lysozyme after the subsequent addition of NaCl or detergent. The bactericidal activity of lysozyme was determined on S. mutans BHT and S. mutans LM-7 by the pour plate technique. Preincubation of S. mutans LM-7 with as much as 1 mg of enzyme for 90 min did not affect viability or growth, whereas preincubation of S. mutans BHT with 1 mg of lysozyme resulted in no recoverable colony-forming units. An antigen containing extract of S. mutans LM-7 blocked the growth inhibitory property of lysozyme. Human lysozyme was a more effective antibacterial factor than hen egg white lysozyme. Total growth inhibition of S. mutans BHT was effected with 40 mug of human enzyme, and as little as 10 mug of human enzyme inhibited growth for greater than 20 h. The data presented indicate that different mechanisms may be responsible for the bacteriostatic, lytic, and bactericidal properties of the enzyme and that lysozyme is a selective but effective antibacterial factor for oral microorganisms. PMID- 7216432 TI - Heterotypic immunity to influenza in ferrets. AB - Heterotypic immunity to influenza virus in ferrets operated against heterotypic influenza viruses but not heterologous viruses. Contrary to prior reports, the protection conferred lasted for at least 18 months. This type of immunity limited virus shedding but did not prevent infection. These results suggest that this phenomenon could play a role in determining the severity of infections caused by type A influenza viruses in humans. PMID- 7216429 TI - Lectin-mediated induction of human neutrophil chemotaxis, chemokinesis, and cap formation. AB - Six lectins, including concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin P, castor bean I, wheat germ agglutinin, peanut agglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen, were studied for their ability to stimulate human neutrophil locomotion and cap formation. Five of these lectins with known monosaccharide specificities, including concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, P, castor bean I, wheat germ agglutinin, and peanut agglutinin, were found to stimulate human neutrophil migration in a modified Boyden assay. Pokeweed mitogen showed negligible activity in the locomotion assay as compared with other lectins. Tests were performed to determine if the observed neutrophil migration in response to lectins was directional, and it was found that concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin P, and peanut agglutinin were both chemokinetic and chemotactic, whereas castor bean I was only chemokinetic. Wheat germ agglutinin could not be declared chemotactic or chemokinetic due to its tendency to agglutinate neutrophils. Studies with fluoresceinated lectins demonstrated that lectins which stimulate neutrophil migration also bind to neutrophil surfaces. Preincubation with specific monosaccharide ligands blocked both stimulated locomotion and fluorescence, suggesting that an available lectin binding site was required both for lectin binding and the stimulation of migration. Additional experiments indicated that fluoresceinated concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin P, castor bean I, wheat germ agglutinin, and peanut agglutinin all induce cap formation on the neutrophil. PMID- 7216431 TI - Lymphocyte reactivity contributes to protection conferred by specific antibody passively transferred to herpes simplex virus-infected mice. AB - Passively acquired immunity to herpes simplex virus (HSV) was studied in antithymocyte serum (ATS)-treated mice and athymic nude mice to determine whether immunocompetent lymphocytes contribute to the protection observed after transfer of HSV-specific antibody to infected animals. Mice were given three intraperitoneal injections of 0.1 ml of ATS at 24-h intervals. This treatment reduced concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of lymphocytes harvested from these animals by 90% when compared with the stimulation of lymphocytes harvested from untreated animals. It was found that intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml of specific antibody 8 h after corneal HSV type 1 infection or subcutaneous HSV type 2 infection did not protect ATS-treated animals from virus infection. Specific antibody passively transferred to ATS-treated animals 8 and 120 h postinfection also failed to protect lymphocyte-depleted animals from HSV. However, ATS-treated animals were protected from HSV infection by passively acquired antibody when lymphocytes harvested from these animals regained 80% of their ability to be stimulated with concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide. It was also found that specific antibody conferred protection to nude mice infected with HSV only if they were first reconstituted with syngeneic thymus cells 48 h before infection. The results suggest that both antiviral antibody and thymus-derived lymphocytes contribute to the recovery of HSV-infected hosts after passive immunization. PMID- 7216433 TI - Outcome of influenza infection: effect of site of initial infection and heterotypic immunity. AB - An infection established throughout the total respiratory tract of mice with a highly lung adapted influenza virus (H0N1) led to death from viral pneumonia. The 50% lethal dose (LD(50)) was approximately the same as the 50% infectious dose (ID(50)). An infection with the same virus initiated in the nasal mucosa spread to the trachea and lungs over a 3- to 5-day period but was not lethal except at very high infecting doses. The LD(50) was 30,000 times the ID(50). Mice that had recovered from a prior infection with A/PC/73(H3N2) demonstrated enhanced recovery (heterotypic immunity) when challenged with A/PR/8/34(H0N1). Heterotypically immune mice infected while anesthetized with this potentially lethal virus stopped shedding virus from the nose, trachea, and lungs by day 7 and recovered. Heterotypically immune mice, infected awake, stopped shedding virus from the nose by day 5, and, in fact, the virus did not spread to the trachea or lungs. Thus, some of the variation in the severity of influenza infections may be explained by two factors: the site of initial infection and previous infection with heterotypic influenza virus. PMID- 7216434 TI - Fixation and inactivation of staphylococcal leukocidin by phosphatidylcholine and ganglioside GM1 in rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Staphylococcal leukocidin is resolved by chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose columns into two components, which are designated F (fast) and S (slow). Fixation and inactivation of both components were studied as follows. (i) Leukocidin activity was confined to the first 10 min of intoxication, and the maximal effect resulted from treating 10(6) rabbit peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes per 20 mul with 0.5 ng of each component of leukocidin. The S component was more responsible for the interaction with the leukocytes than the F component. (ii) The F component was inactivated by phosphatidylcholine at concentrations which corresponded to molar proportions of 1:1 and bound to [(14)C]phosphatidylcholine at equimolar proportions. (iii) The S component was inactivated by ganglioside G(M1) at 1:1 molar proportions, but not by any of the related glycolipids. Ganglioside G(M1) also was precipitated with the S component by a gel diffusion technique. Subunit B of cholera toxin competitively inhibited the binding of the S component to rabbit leukocyte membranes. This indicates that ganglioside G(M1) may resemble or be part of the receptor site for the S component. PMID- 7216435 TI - Septic choroiditis with serous retinal detachment in Streptococcus mutans injected dogs. AB - This report describes a dog model of multifocal choroiditis with serous retinal detachment after carotid injection of Streptococcus mutans. The fundus lesions occurred mainly in the tapetal area of the retina, and, on histopathologic examination, microabscesses in the choroid and subretinal space were observed. PMID- 7216436 TI - Attachment of oral Cytophaga species to hydroxyapatite-containing surfaces. AB - Model systems simulating the cementum portion of teeth were used to characterize the attachment process by which certain species of oral Cytophaga initiate the colonization of the tooth root surface in vitro. The adsorption of these bacteria to spheroidal hydroxyapatite beads and mechanically powdered root material followed Langmuir isotherm kinetics. From such data, the number of binding sites per 20 mg of substrate and the affinity constants were evaluated for two strains of Cytophaga sp. Resting cells of the two strains tested adhered relatively tenaciously to hydroxyapatite beads in numbers similar to those observed with cells of Streptococcus sanguis. Attachment of bacteria to the substrates was partially inhibited by (i) coating the substrates with human serum or saliva, (ii) pretreating cell suspensions with proteinase K or phospholipase C or D, or (iii) exposing the cells to temperatures greater than 60 degrees C for 15 min. Treating resting cell suspensions with pronase, neuraminidase, phospholipase A2, or 0.1 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid had no effect on the attachment process. PMID- 7216437 TI - Phospholipase B in the brains and meninges of nonsensitized and sensitized rats after challenge with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. AB - After a primary infection with 100 Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae, infected rats showed elevated phospholipase B activity in meningeal and brain homogenates beginning with the first week and continuing through the first month of infection. The rise in phospholipase B values through the first 4 weeks, with a prolonged peak spanning days 30 to 31, coincided with the invasion and maturation of the parasites in the brain, and the ensuing sharp decline in phospholipase B levels, shown by the readings on day 45, coincided in turn with the known migration of the worms from the brain to the lungs, which begins about 5 weeks after infection. In the meninges, the pattern of enzyme elevation was generally similar to that in the brain samples except that the highest activity was seen earlier at days 8 to 9, followed by a gradual decline by days 30 to 31 and a sharper drop by day 45. Rats challenged with 100 larvae 53 days after the primary infection exhibited an almost immediate rise of phospholipase B activity in both the brain and meninges; the peaks of activity occurred at day 1 for the meninges and day 25 for the brain, and levels above control values were still present at day 50. Comparison of the total enzymatic content of the cerebral tissue and meninges revealed that a remarkably high proportion of the phospholipase B activity was contained in the meninges. The inference that elevated levels of this enzyme in the cerebral tissue of A. cantonensis-infected rats are due to inflammatory reactions within the meningeal envelopes was confirmed by histochemical demonstration of specific sites of enzymatic activity limited to the meninges. It is of interest that 80% of the cells positive for the enzyme were clearly identifiable as eosinophils since an association of bone marrow eosinophilia and high phospholipase B levels in rats infected with A. cantonensis was shown in our earlier study of rats infected with this parasite. PMID- 7216438 TI - Comparative study of the acquisition of antibody to Norwalk virus in pediatric populations. AB - Analysis by radioimmunoassay of pediatric sera from three populations showed that antibody to Norwalk virus is acquired at a significantly earlier age in a less developed and tropical area (Philippines) than in two more developed and nontropical countries (United States and Taiwan). PMID- 7216439 TI - Increased susceptibility to herpes simplex virus infections in children with acute measles. AB - Children with measles treated either in hospital or as outpatients were examined for clinical or laboratory evidence of oropharyngeal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. HSV was isolated from 43% of the hospitalized children and 37% of the outpatient children and an additional 9% of the hospitalized group had lesions without the virus being isolated. The incidence of both HSV isolation and clinical lesions in infected children was significantly greater in children hospitalized for measles than in a control group of children hospitalized for tuberculosis. Data from the outpatient group strongly suggest that malnourished children with measles are particularly susceptible to HSV infection. The immunosuppressed state of the children with acute measles was demonstrated by impaired lymphocyte transformation responses to phytohemagglutinin and the inability of their serum to support normal transformation responses by lymphocytes from normal individuals. However the extent of this immunosuppression was unrelated to the susceptibility of the children to HSV infection. PMID- 7216440 TI - In vitro virulence marker: growth of dengue-2 virus in human leukocyte suspension cultures. AB - We wished to find a simple, biologically relevant method to evaluate the virulence of dengue viruses for human beings. Since cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage may be important sites of dengue infection in primates, we evaluated the permissiveness of these cells to dengue virus as a correlate of virus virulence. Two wild-type, large-plaque, monkey-virulent dengue-2 virus strains and two small-plaque, monkey-avirulent dengue-2 virus strains were evaluated for their ability to replicate in human peripheral blood leukocyte cultures supplemented with enhancing antibody. One of the small-plaque strains was demonstrated to have reduced virulence for man. Wild-type dengue-2 viruses replicated readily in peripheral blood leukocyte suspension cultures, whereas small-plaque dengue-2 strains did not. Differences between our data and results obtained by other workers employing adherent peripheral blood leukocytes are discussed. Antibody-enhanced growth of dengue virus in suspension cultures of human peripheral blood leukocytes gives promise of being a simple in vitro system for characterizing dengue virus virulence. PMID- 7216442 TI - Nature of the cross-protective antigen in subcellular vaccines of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Studies have been carried out to investigate the nature of the antigen present in subcellular extracts of a rough strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae A662b which has been shown to confer protection in mice against challenge with smooth, virulent organisms of the homologous and heterologous serotypes. The finding that whole, heat-killed cells were also capable of immunizing mice against challenge with organisms of heterologous serotypes suggests that the immunogen is present on the surface of the rough pneumococcal cell. Ribosomes purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation were not protective, but material recovered in the pellet retained activity. Subcellular extracts prepared from spheroplasts with a partial absence of cell wall showed decreased protective capacity, and extracts prepared from wall-deficient protoplasts were not protective. Crude cell walls evidenced cross-serotype protection, but purified walls did not protect. These results are interpreted as suggesting that the active moiety in the subcellular vaccine is present on the surface of rough pneumococci and is either a wall antigen that must be part of a larger macromolecular complex to be immunogenic, or a substance associated with the cell wall that is present in crude, but not purified, cell wall fractions. PMID- 7216443 TI - Evaluation of the role of the pneumococcal Forssman antigen (F-polysaccharide) in the cross-serotype protection induced by pneumococcal subcellular preparations. AB - We tested the hypothesis that the capacity of subcellular preparations of rough pneumococci to give cross-serotype protection is due to the presence of the pneumococcal Forssman antigen (F-polysaccharide). We found by hemagglutination inhibition that the Forssman antigen is present in the subcellular extracts. However, we concluded that the Forssman antigen is not the protective immunogen in the pneumococcal subcellular preparation, since absorption with sheep erythrocytes failed to remove the protective capacity from antiserum raised against the vaccine. Other evidence mitigating against the pneumococcal Forssman antigen being the protective immunogen included the absence of a detectable hemolytic titer in protective antiserum raised against the subcellular preparation, the failure of high-titered sheep hemolysin to passively protect mice against pneumococcal infection, and the failure of purified F-polysaccharide to immunize mice against pneumococcal infection. PMID- 7216444 TI - Serum antibodies to oral Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Bacteroides gingivalis): relationship to age and periondontal disease. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay microplate method was used for measuring levels of antibody specific for the oral serotype of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (Bacteroides gingivalis) in serum samples obtained from umbilical cords, infants, children, periodontally normal adults, and edentulous adults. Serum from patients with various periodontal diseases, including adult periodontitis, localized juvenile periodontitis, generalized juvenile periodontitis, post-localized juvenile periodontitis, and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, were also studied. A positive correlation between increase in age and increase in both prevalence and level of specific antibody in the G, A, and M classes of immunoglobulins was observed. This indicates that antibodies reactive with oral B. asaccharolyticus found in up to 84% of normal adults are natural antibodies, presumably with a protective role. Among the patient groups, those with adult periodontitis were found to have levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies to oral B. asaccharolyticus that were five times higher than the antibody levels found in control subjects. The levels of IgG antibodies to this organism in the other patient groups were comparable to the levels found in the control group. However, 50% of the individuals in the generalized juvenile periodontitis group had high levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies to B. asaccharolyticus, suggesting heterogeneity with respect to immune response in these patients. These results indicate that antibodies to oral B. asaccharolyticus (B. gingivalis) occur at low levels in most normal children and adults and that the rise in titer of the specific antibodies of each major class of immunoglobulins parallels the ontogenic change in serum levels of that isotype. In contrast, there is a marked increase in titer of immunoglobulin G antibodies to oral B. asaccharolyticus in the group of patients with adult periodontitis and in patients with the generalized form of juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 7216441 TI - Intranasal immunization of mice against Pasteurella multocida. AB - A potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) extract of Pasteurella multocida serotype III:A was shown to protect mice from an intranasal challenge with up to 300 50% lethal doses of P. multocida. In addition to preventing death, bacteria were rapidly cleared from the lungs of immunized mice so that by 72 to 96 h postchallenge no bacteria were present in the lungs of immunized mice, whereas up to 10(9) bacteria were present in lungs of nonimmunized mice. Immunization by the intranasal route was slightly better than that by the intramuscular route. Protection was considered specific, since immunization with P. multocida protected only against P. multocida and not against Salmonella agona. Furthermore, a similar KSCN extract from P. haemolytica did not protect against P. multocida challenge. A comparison of the KSCN extract with a Formalin-killed bacterin suggested that the KSCN extract may be superior to the bacterin. PMID- 7216445 TI - Investigation of a hemolysin produced by enteropathogenic Treponema hyodysenteriae. AB - A hemolysin produced by Treponema hyodysenteriae, the etiological agent of swine dysentery, was investigated. A virulent isolate (B204) was inoculated into a standard culture medium consisting of Trypticase soy broth without dextrose (BBL Microbiology Systems) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum in an atmosphere of 70:30 deoxygenated H2-CO2. Sterile cell-free filtrates were prepared at 2-h intervals and assayed for hemolytic activity by using washed sheep erythrocytes. The maximum hemolytic titer was obtained during the early log phase of growth (4 h). A loss of hemolytic activity was observed when cell-free filtrates were stored at 23 and 4 degrees C. Storage at -20 or -80 degrees C after lyophilization resulted in retention of the hemolytic titer for periods of up to 30 days. Enzymatic inactivation of the hemolysin was accomplished with pronase, but not with deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, lipase, or trypsin. Addition of exogenous ribonucleic acid-core to the standard culture medium resulted in a dose dependent increase in the amount of hemolysin produced. The hemolysin could be purified by acid and ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by ion exchange and molecular sieve chromatography. The molecular weight of the hemolysin was 68,000 when determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7216446 TI - Endogenous pyrogen production by human blood monocytes stimulated by staphylococcal cell wall components. AB - To determine the properties of Staphylococcus aureus contributing to its pyrogenicity, we compared, in human monocytes, endogenous pyrogen production stimulated by heat-killed S. aureus with that stimulated by purified S. aureus cell walls or by particulate peptidoglycan prepared from the same strain. Peptidoglycan, but not the purified cell wall preparation, was found comparable to S. aureus as an endogenous pyrogen stimulus. This finding was associated with a more effective monocyte phagocytosis of S. aureus and peptidoglycan as compared with that of purified cell walls. Lysostaphin digestion of peptidoglycan markedly reduced its pyrogenicity. To test whether the chemical composition of the ingested particles is important, latex particles were tested as possible stimuli for monocyte endogenous pyrogen release. Although 40 to 68% of monocytes ingested latex particles during the first hour, there was no evidence of endogenous pyrogen activity in the supernatant even when supernatants equivalent to 5.2 X 10(6) monocytes were tested. This study demonstrates that the pyrogenic moiety of the S. aureus cell wall resides in the peptidoglycan component. Phagocytosis is not in itself a pyrogenic stimulus, but rather serves as an effective mechanism to bring about contact between the chemical stimulus and the monocyte. PMID- 7216448 TI - Differences in the adsorptive behavior of human strains of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite surfaces. AB - Human strains of Actinomyces viscosus and A. naeslundii differ in the time of their appearance and in their patterns of colonization in the mouth. Strains of these organisms were found to differ in their abilities to adsorb to saliva treated hydroxyapatite (S-HA) surfaces, thought to mimic the teeth, and these differences parallel their patterns of colonizing the dentition. Thus, strains of A. viscosus tended to adsorb in higher numbers to hydroxyapatite (HA) treated with saliva of older children and adults than with saliva of younger children (ages 6 to 11). These salivary changes may account for the increased frequency with which this organism can be isolated from the mouths of children as they grow older. In contrast, strains of A. naeslundii and Streptococcus mutans did not show a preference for attaching to either type of S-HA. Strains of A. viscosus also generally adsorbed in higher numbers than A. naeslundii to HA treated with adult saliva; this may explain why higher proportions of A. viscosus are usually recoverable from the teeth of adults, even though A. naeslundii is generally present in higher proportions in saliva. Significant variation was noted between strains and between saliva samples collected from different donors. The differences in adsorptive behavior of strains of these species suggests that they are binding to different receptors in the salivary glycoprotein coating on HA surfaces. Adsorption of A. naeslundii ATCC 12104 was enhanced when S-HA was pretreated with neuraminidase, but this had little effect upon the adsorption of other Actinomyces strains tested. Adsorption of strain ATCC 12104 to S-HA was also strongly inhibited by fructose and sucrose and weakly inhibited by glucose, maltose, galactose, and lactose. However, other strains of A. naeslundii tested were affected less, or not at all, by these sugars. Adsorption of two strains of A. viscosus was not affected by any of the sugars or amines tested. PMID- 7216447 TI - Evaluation of the opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes VII, XIV, and XIX by chemiluminescence assay. AB - A luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay was used to investigate opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of STreptococcus pneumoniae serotypes VII, XIV, and XIX. After opsonization with whole immune sera (with antibody and total complement pathway), heat-inactivated immune sera (with antibody alone), or magnesium dichloride-ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid-chelated immune sera (with antibody and alternative complement pathway), live S. pneumoniae cells were incubated at 37 degrees C with normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes while serial chemiluminescence measurements were recorded. The amount of chemiluminescence observed correlated closely with evidence of phagocytosis as observed by microscopy. Complement was required for efficient opsonization, since all three serotypes showed a slower rise and less integral chemiluminescence after opsonization with heat-inactivated serum as compared with whole serum. The alternative pathway provided opsonic activity equal to that of the total complement pathway for type XIX, but only intermediate activity for types VII and XIV. Type-specific antibody was also required for effective opsonization of all three serotypes since chemiluminescence was markedly reduced when bacteria were opsonized with antibody-depleted serum (serum absorbed with type-specific S. pneumoniae cells at 4 degrees C). Thus, chemiluminescence proved to be an effective means of defining the requirement for both antibody and complement in the opsonization and phagocytosis of S. pneumoniae. PMID- 7216450 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of culture-derived soluble Babesia bovis antigens. AB - Immunochemical analyses of soluble antigens derived from microaerophilous stationary phase cultures of Babesia bovis demonstrated that at least three parasite antigens were released in vitro. These antigens have molecular weights within the range of 37,000 to 40,000, fast electrophoretic mobility in the albumin and alpha 1 regions, and are proteinaceous in nature as determined by the sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes trypsin and papain. Purification of these antigens should allow complete characterization of their respective physiochemical and immunogenic properties. PMID- 7216449 TI - Use of combined immunization routes in induction of a salivary immunoglobulin A response to Streptococcus mutans in Macaca fascicularis monkeys. AB - Various combinations of immunization routes were examined for ability to elicit or prolong (or both) a salivary secretory immunoglobulin A response to Streptococcus mutans strain Ingbritt (serotype c) in Macaca fascicularis monkeys. Intraductal (i.d.), per os (p.o.), and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes were utilized. Four groups of three to five monkeys each were immunized by the following schedules: group I--p.o., s.c., i.d.; group II--i.d., p.o., i.d.; group III- s.c., p.o., i.d.; and group IV--control. Immune responses in the serum and parotid fluid were quantitated by using passive hemagglutination assays with purified serotype-specific polysaccharide and by indirect immunofluorescent staining assays. Both s.c. and i.d., but not p.o., routes resulted in detectable serum antibody responses. Only i.d. immunization resulted in a measurable salivary response. Indirect immunofluorescent staining revealed specific secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies in the parotid fluid which correlated with passive hemagglutination titers. The p.o. procedures used in this study did not result either in a prolonged immune response or in measurable tolerance related to the humoral or secretory immune system. PMID- 7216451 TI - Immunochemical characterization of cross-reactivity of pneumococcal group 9 capsular polysaccharide types 9N, 9A, 9L, and 9V. AB - The chemical composition and immunochemical characterization of the four cross reactive pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides within group 9 (types 9N, 9A, 9L, and 9V) were investigated. Their serological reactions were studied by using unabsorbed antisera prepared by immunizing rabbits with pneumococci of each of the four group 9 capsular polysaccharide types. Type 9A antiserum showed the most extensive cross-reactions with the four group 9 polysaccharides. Absorption with type 9N, 9L, or 9V polysaccharide removed 63, 96, or 87%, respectively, of the heterologous antibodies from the type 9A antiserum. All four of the group 9 polysaccharides contained glucose, N-acetylmannosamine, and glucuronic acid. In addition, types 9N and 9L had N-acetylglucosamine, and types 9A, 9L, and 9V contained galactose. Reduction of the uronic acid residues of the type 9 polysaccharides removed most of their homologous and much of their heterologous reactivities, indicating an important role for the uronic acid component in their antigenicity. The four group 9 polysaccharide preparations had comparable molecular sizes and only traces of protein and nucleic acid. Further studies to evaluate the most protective type among the group 9 strains to be included in the current pneumococcal vaccine are discussed. PMID- 7216452 TI - Rabbit tumor necrosis factor: mechanism of action. AB - Rabbit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was examined for effects on normal and transformed cells in culture. Several assays for killing of L-929 cell targets were developed, and their sensitivities were compared. Normal cells were not killed by TNF, and the discrimination between normal and transformed cells was shown not to be due to a cell cycle-dependent mechanism. TNF killing of L-929 cells was delayed for 10 to 12 h and thereafter showed concentration and time dependent increases in cytolysis. Actinomycin D or cycloheximide treatment of L 929 cells resulted in an enhancement of the rate of cell killing as well as a shortening of the preceding lag period. TNF killing of L-929 cells was temperature dependent; cells were considerably more resistant to lysis at 25 degrees C and showed enhanced killing at 39 degrees C as compared to 37 degrees C controls. The slope of the dose curve showed less than single-hit kinetics. A model for cell killing whose general features incorporate both the specificity and catalytic properties of an enzymatic reaction is proposed for TNF action. PMID- 7216453 TI - Pathogenicity of Spiroplasma sp. strain SMCA in Syrian hamsters: clinical, microbiological, and histological aspects. AB - The intracerebral inoculation of newborn Syrian hamsters with pure cultures of Spiroplasma sp. strain SMCA caused severe, prolonged disease involving the central nervous system, culminating in death. The disease was characterized by spasms, muscular tremors, disturbances in motor control, inability to feed, dramatic loss of weight, and runting. The effect ws dose related, with the largest numbers of viable spiroplasmas producing the highest incidence of disease and death in the shortest period of time. Severe hemorrhaging developed throughout the brain, liver, and spleen, and spiroplasmas were readily recovered from these organs, indicating that the agent disseminated from the initial site of infection to distant host tissues. Newborn animals were susceptible, but adults were resistant; these findings are similar to those reported for newborn mice and rats. Unlike mice and rats, hamsters did not develop cataracts visible to the unaided eye. The histopathological features of eye disease in hamsters were different from those in rats and were characterized by microophthalmia (especially in runted hamsters) and abnormal proliferation, disorientation, and disorganization of corneal, lens, and retinal tissues. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7216454 TI - In vivo evidence that an intact lytic complement pathway is not essential for successful removal of circulating Borrelia turicatae from mouse blood. AB - Complement component C5-deficient mice were found to be able to eliminate blood borne Borrelia turicatae as effectively as normocomplementemic control animals. The absence of C5 and the resultant loss of hemolytic complement activity were confirmed for the deficient mouse strains used. Immunofluorescent staining of complement component C3 on blood-derived borreliae could be readily accomplished as early as 2 days before spirochetal elimination from all mice tested. These observations would suggest that C3 deposition was occurring, even though the terminal lytic steps were blocked in the complement-deficient mice. We propose that spirochetolysis is not requisite for successful removal of borreliae from the circulation of mice. PMID- 7216456 TI - Model of intraabdominal abscess in mice. AB - Intraperitoneal inoculation of sterile mouse feces into mice produced intraabdominal abscesses. The addition of Bacteroides fragilis increased the incidence and the number of abscesses. PMID- 7216457 TI - Regression by active specific immunotherapy of established dermal tumor transplants and lymph node metastases in guinea pigs. AB - Guinea pigs, each with an established, syngeneic dermal tumor (line-10) and microscopic lymph node metastasis, were treated by intradermal inoculation of living line-10 tumor cells admixed with emulsified heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG cells. This treatment caused complete regression of established dermal tumors (about 10 mm in diameter) and prevented the growth of microscopic lymph node metastases in 25 of 39 treated animals (64%). All control animals treated by intradermal inoculation with heat-killed M. bovis BCG cells attached to oil droplets died with progressive dermal and lymphatic tumor growth. PMID- 7216455 TI - Production of lesions in gnotobiotic mice by inoculation with Treponema hyodysenteriae. AB - Treponema hyodysenteriae was established in the ceca of gnotobiotic mice in the absence of other organisms. Superficial mucosal lesions characteristic of swine dysentery were present in the ceca of mice inoculated with T. hyodysenteriae in combination with viable Bacteroides vulgatus. Deep crypt necrosis was detected in the ceca of mice inoculated with T. hyodysenteriae alone. PMID- 7216458 TI - Antibody responses of monkeys to oral and local immunization with Streptococcus mutans. AB - Monkeys were immunized with Streptococcus mutans by a number of routes in an attempt to elicit exclusively a secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) response. Antibody responses were detected by a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Monkeys primed subcutaneously and boosted submucosally with formolized cells of S. mutans had high serum IgG, IgA, and IgM radioimmunoassay titers and only slight salivary IgG titers. Instillation of killed cells of S. mutans into the right parotid salivary duct elicited good IgG, IgA, and IgM responses in both the right parotid saliva and serum, but only a weak IgM response was detected in the left parotid saliva. Administration of killed cells of S. mutans in enterically coated capsules did not elicit a detectable antibody response or have a discernible effect on the antibody response to subsequent immunization by instillation. No increase in antibody titer was detected in the serum or whole saliva from monkeys orally immunized with enterically coated capsules containing viable S. mutans or in the serum, whole saliva, or intestinal contents from monkeys immunized with uncoated capsules containing killed cells of the same organism. These results do not support the concept that oral immunization with S. mutans is effective in stimulating a generalized secretory IgA response in primates. PMID- 7216459 TI - Effect of fructose and other carbohydrates on the surface properties, lipoteichoic acid production, and extracellular proteins of Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt grown in continuous culture. AB - Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt was grown in a chemostat at destined dilution rates in either 0.5% fructose or 0.5% sorbitol and at destined pH values in 0.5% fructose. The yield of cells was affected by the carbohydrate source, as well as by the pH, with the lowest yield being at pH 5.5 in 0.5% fructose. Fructose-grown cells showed greater susceptibility to lysis by a muramidase than the corresponding glucose-grown cells, but there were no marked differences in the lytic susceptibilities of the corresponding cell wall preparations or in the serological reactivities of wall lysates with antiserum to S. mutans Ingbritt. The greatest amounts of cellular lipoteichoic acid were obtained at high dilution rates in both fructose and sorbitol, as well as at high pH values in fructose. The greatest amounts of extracellular lipoteichoic acid were found at low dilution rates, as estimated by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and also by hemagglutination. Three major extracellular protein components were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the effects of growth conditions on these components were determined. Results for batch-grown cultures showed that there was genotypic variation in the susceptibility of cells to lysis by a muramidase. The enhancement of lipoteichoic acid production by fructose and sorbitol in batch cultures was not identical in representative strains of S. mutans serotype c, nor was the effect of fructose found uniformly in representative strains of the different S. mutans serotypes. PMID- 7216460 TI - Partial purification and characterization of heat-stable enterotoxin produced by Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - By using a suckling mouse assay, heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) was purified from the culture filtrate of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from a diarrheal patient. The purification procedures involve ultrafiltration with an Amicon HIP 10 hollow fiber, ethanol fractionation, protamine sulfate treatment, diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel and hydroxylapatite column chromatographies, and Sephacryl S-200 superfine gel filtration. About 408-fold purification was achieved, with a yield of 12.0%. The minimal effective dose of purified ST was about 110 ng in the suckling mouse assay. The molecular weight of purified ST was 9,000 by Sephadex G-100 superfine gel filtration. The purified ST was stable to heating (100 degrees C for 20 min, 121 degrees C for 20 min) and did not lose its toxicity after treatment with protease, trypsin, lipase, phospholipase C, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, beta-glucosidase, and neuraminidase. The purified ST was separated by isoelectric focusing into two active fractions, with pI's of 3.29 (ST-1) and 3.00 (ST-2), respectively. Antiserum from guinea pigs immunized with the purified ST neutralized the activity of both Y. enterocolitica ST and Escherichia coli ST. PMID- 7216461 TI - Effect of oral administration of lysozyme or digested bacterial cell walls on immunostimulation in guinea pigs. AB - The effect of oral administration of bacteriolytic enzymes and enzymatically digested bacterial cell walls on immunostimulation in guinea pigs was studied. Guinea pigs were given lysozyme or pronase or both orally for a period of 8 days, and on day 7 they were primed with hepatitis B surface antigen. Circulating antibody titers to the antigen in the enzyme-treated group were significantly higher (four to six times, P less than 0.05) than those in nontreated control groups on day 16 after immunization. Stimulation of cellular immunity in the group receiving both lysozyme and pronase simultaneously was significantly increased compared with the group receiving only one of them. The humoral immune response was enhanced by oral administration of enzymatically digested cell walls isolated from Bifidobacterium longum. The result suggested that intestinal bacteria might be solubilized by oral administration of bacteriolytic enzymes and that the absorbable fragment of peptidoglycan released from the bacterial cell walls might be responsible for the enhanced host immune responses. PMID- 7216462 TI - Interaction between a trachoma strain of Chlamydia trachomatis and mouse fibroblasts (McCoy cells) in the absence of centrifugation. AB - A system was devised for studying the interaction of a trachoma strain of Chlamydia trachomatis (G17) and mouse fibroblasts (McCoy cells) in the absence of centrifugation, which is usually employed to enhance the infection of cell cultures with non-lymphogranuloma venereum human strains of C. trachomatis. In this system, the conditions of infection more closely approached those encountered in natural infections, and the entry of G17 into host cells could be compared with the previously described entry of C. psittaci 6BC and a lymphogranuloma venereum strain (440L) of C. trachomatis. McCoy cells were infected by shaking at 37 degrees C with inocula suspended in 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containing 0.2 M sucrose. The efficiency of infection (inclusion counts without centrifugation/inclusion counts with centrifugation) was 1.5% for monolayers and 7.5% for suspensions. When measured either by inclusion counts or by host cell-associated 14C-amino acid-labeled G17, association was proportional to G17 concentration and increased linearly for 60 min. Pretreatment of host cells with diethylaminoethyl-dextran (30 micrograms/ml, 30 min) raised the efficiency of infection to about 13% for both monolayers and suspensions. Host cells treated with cytochalasin B (2 x 10(-5) M, 90 min) or trypsin (50 micrograms/ml, 60 min) associated with G17 at undiminished rates. 14C-labeled G17 inactivated by heat (60 degrees C, 3 min) or ultraviolet light (1,800 ergs per mm2) associated with McCoy cells at the same rate as live G17. Comparison of these results with those previously reported for strains 6BC and 440L showed that strain G17 exhibited some, but not all, of the host cell association properties of the other two chlamydial strains. PMID- 7216463 TI - Animal model for anaerobic lung abscess. AB - There are no satisfactory animal models for the study of anaerobic lung abscess. Aspiration of food, gastric mucin, or hydrochloric acid, or any combination of these, along with oropharyngeal bacteria, is commonly believed to cause aspiration pneumonia and lung abscess. In the animal model described, none of the adjuvants was effective in producing anaerobic lung abscesses. Anaerobic bacteria derived from dental scrapings of a healthy adult (Peptococcus morbillorum, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eubacterium lentum, and Bacteroides fragilis), when inoculated transtracheally without any adjuvants into New Zealand male white rabbits, consistently produced lung abscesses. Neither B fragilis by itself nor a mixture of P. morbillorum, F. nucleatum, and E. lentum without the addition of B. fragilis produced lung abscesses. The bacterial isolates used in this study were stored in prereduced chopped-meat-glucose medium and subcultured several times and were found effective in reproducing anaerobic lung abscesses repeatedly. This animal model is suitable for the study of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of B. fragilis-associated anaerobic lung abscess. PMID- 7216464 TI - Immune response to herpes simplex virus infections: virus-specific antibodies in sera from patients with recurrent facial infections. AB - Radioimmunoprecipitation assays were used to identify antibodies against a number of herpes simplex virus type 1-specific antigens in serum samples from individuals with recurrent facial herpes virus infections and from seropositive individuals without recurrent infections. Individuals with recurrent infections contributed three sequential serum samples each: immediately after the appearance of lesions, 3 weeks later, and 3 months later. Antibodies against at least 18 viral polypeptides were present in all positive sera: these included antibodies against the major nucleocapsid polypeptide (approximate molecular weight, 150,000) and against two glycopolypeptides with molecular weights of 115,000 to 130,000. No significant differences were observed between the serum samples in regard to their virus-specific antibody composition. The high-molecular-weight glycopolypeptides were partially purified and used in quantitative titration experiments. All sera tested were equally reactive with this material. It was concluded that under the experimental conditions an individual's susceptibility to recurrent herpetic infections could not be correlated with quantitative or qualitative changes in the levels of virus-specific antibodies. PMID- 7216466 TI - Use of cycloheximide to study independent lipid metabolism of Chlamydia trachomatis cultivated in mouse L cells grown in serum-free medium. AB - A system for measuring chlamydial lipid synthesis was developed with mouse L cells grown in serum-free modified Waymouth 752/l medium in a shaker culture. Host lipid synthesis was reduced approximately 90% when cells were incubated for 24 h in medium containing cycloheximide (2 micrograms/ml). Lipid metabolism was monitored by measuring the incorporation of [3H]isoleucine into the total lipid of normal and infected cells. The results suggested that lipid synthesis of Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV-404L) was not inhibited by cycloheximide treatment when the chlamydiae were grown in L cells, whereas host lipid synthesis was inhibited. Chlamydial lipid metabolism began about 6 to 12 h after infection when the noninfectious reticulate body was found and continually increased until the beginning of the appearance of intracellular infectious elementary bodies at 24 to 30 h. PMID- 7216465 TI - Role of antibody in Coxiella burnetii infection. AB - BALB/c mice infected with Coxiella burnetii phase I developed a state of acquired resistance which could be detected during week 2 postinfection. Immune serum, administered to normal mice 24 h before challenge with C. burnetii, appeared to accelerate the development of resistance. An increased clearance rate could be measured in these serum recipients 1 week postinfection. Simultaneous administration of immune serum and C. burnetii did not affect the normal clearance rate of rickettsiae from the spleens of infected mice during week 1, but enhanced clearance of the organism by 14 days postchallenge. Passive transfer of immune serum 24 h after challenge of normal mice with viable C. burnetii had no effect on rickettsial growth within the spleens of animals treated in this fashion. Treatment of athymic mice with immune serum 24 h before challenge with C. burnetii had no effect on rickettsial multiplication within the spleens of these T-cell-deficient animals. PMID- 7216467 TI - Diminished neutrophil oxidative metabolism after phagocytosis of virulent Salmonella typhi. AB - The interactions of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with virulent and avirulent strains of Salmonella typhi were examined. Ingestion of the S. typhi strains by PMNs was evaluated with three techniques: visual examination of PMN monolayers (phagocytic index); uptake of radiolabeled S. typhi by PMNs; and removal of S. typhi from the supernatant of suspensions of PMNs and bacteria. All three techniques indicated equivalent phagocytosis of the strains. Postphagocytic PMN oxidative metabolism was quantitated with measurements of oxygen consumption, protein iodination, and chemiluminescence. We found that although PMNs ingested equal numbers of virulent and avirulent S. typhi, those PMNs ingesting the virulent organisms exhibited a significantly smaller increase in postphagocytic oxidative metabolism than PMNs ingesting avirulent S. typhi. Despite this muted oxidative burst the virulent bacteria were killed as well as the avirulent strains. Virulent S. typhi either fail to stimulate receptors that trigger PMN oxidative metabolism or inhibit PMN oxidative metabolism. Our data support the former hypothesis. PMID- 7216468 TI - Course of coccidioidomycosis in intratracheally infected guinea pigs. AB - Two hundred Hartley-inbred guinea pigs were infected intratracheally with 50 viable arthrospores of Coccidioides immitis. At weeks 1 through 10 postinfection, groups of 20 guinea pigs were assayed for skin test, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and lymphocyte transformation (LT) responses to coccidioidin. Forty-eight hours after skin testing and just before MIF and LT assays, blood was obtained for complement-fixing (CF) antibody titers and the animals were autopsied to assess the extent of fungal dissemination. Immunological assays established that skin tests and MIF responses converted within 3 weeks of infection. LT responses were not demonstrable until week 5. Dissemination of C. immitis to the liver or spleen was an early event, with 21% of guinea pigs positive by week 2 and 70% positive by week 5. CF antibody titers were demonstrable at week 5, increased logarithmically through week 7, then increased at a slower rate thereafter. Concomitant with the decreased rate of antibody production, guinea pigs began to clear C. immitis from their extrapulmonary tissues. Skin test responses peaked at 6 weeks postinfection when CF antibody titers were less than or equal to 1:16 and then plateaued with increased CF titers. Although this overall immunological profile is consistent with the disease in humans, there was not a direct correlation between CF antibody titer and dissemination to the liver or spleen, nor was there an inverse correlation between CF antibody titers and skin test or MIF responses. Rather, CF antibody titers and cell-mediated immune responses were equally demonstrable in guinea pigs with disseminated or nondisseminated disease. PMID- 7216469 TI - Dengue-2 vaccine: virological, immunological, and clinical responses of six yellow fever-immune recipients. AB - Six male volunteers, previously immunized with yellow fever vaccine, were inoculated subcutaneously with a live, attenuated dengue-2 virus (PR-159/S-1) candidate vaccine. Five recipients developed viremia 8 or 9 days after vaccination, which lasted 1 to 10 days. The onset of viremia was followed by fever in three people, transient leukopenia in four, and an erythematous rash in one. One volunteer developed an oral temperature of 38.8 degrees C with headache, myalgia, fatigue, and photophobia suggestive of mild dengue fever. All five viremic volunteers developed fourfold or greater rises in serum neutralizing antibody. The sixth volunteer, who had a low titer of preexisting dengue-2 neutralizing antibody, had no viremia, no symptoms, and a modest rise in hemagglutination inhibiting antibody. Virus isolates obtained from plasma retained the small-plaque and temperature-sensitive growth characteristics of the vaccine virus in vitro. In this study, the vaccine virus genetically stable and immunogenic and seemed sufficiently attenuated for additional testing in humans. PMID- 7216470 TI - Effects of muramyl dipeptide treatment on resistance to infection with Toxoplasma gondii in mice. AB - Studies were carried out to determine whether treatment of mice with the synthetic adjuvant muramyl dipeptide afforded any resistance to infection with the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Marked resistance to lethal challenge infection was observed in CBA but not C57BL/6 mice pretreated with muramyl dipeptide. In CBA mice, a single muramyl dipeptide treatment administered 14, 7, or 4 days before Toxoplasma challenge did not afford protection, whereas mice treated at -1 day were highly resistant. Additional studies carried out to investigate the mechanisms underlying the enhanced resistance to Toxoplasma in muramyl dipeptide-treated mice failed to reveal either enhanced cytolytic antibodies to the parasite or evidence that peritoneal macrophages from treated mice were activated as determined in vitro by their microbicidal capacity for Toxoplasma or cytotoxic capacity for tumor target cells. PMID- 7216471 TI - Microbicidal cationic proteins of rabbit alveolar macrophages: amino acid composition and functional attributes. AB - We purified two microbicidal cationic proteins, MCP-1 and MCP-2, from rabbit alveolar macrophages. MCP-1 was remarkably rich in arginine (25.5 mol%) and half cystine (18.7 mol%) residues and constituted approximately 1.5% of the total protein content of Freund adjuvant-elicited alveolar macrophages. MCP-2 was approximately half as abundant as MCP-1 and contained relatively less arginine (14.9 mol%) and half cystine (9.8 mol%). The amino acid compositions of MCP-1 and MCP-2 resembled those reported for the lysosomal cationic proteins of rabbit granulocytes, but were distinct from those of any known histone. MCP-1 (1 microgram/ml) killed 99.6% of Candida albicans in 20 min, whereas MCP-2 killed approximately 80% under similar conditions. Both proteins rapidly suppressed O2 consumption by C. albicans and induced a rapid loss of intracellular 86Rb+. Although more information is needed about the biological origin, distribution, and roles of macrophage microbicidal proteins, it seems likely that MCP-1 and MCP 2 contribute to the microbicidal efficacy of rabbit alveolar macrophages. PMID- 7216472 TI - Staphylococcal scarlet fever: role of pyrogenic exotoxins. AB - Staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (PE) types A and B were tested for their role in production of a scarlatiniform rash. The PEs elicited minimal skin reactions after intracutaneous injection into animals not presensitized to the toxins. In contrast, erythematous injection into animals not presensitized to the toxins. In contrast, erythematous and edematous rashes were produced after administration of either PE to animals presensitized to homologous toxin. After 3 to 4 days, the erythematous areas showed membranous desquamation. Staphylococcal PEs also enhanced delayed and Arthus hypersensitivity skin reactions developed against unrelated proteins; the reactions subsequently desquamated. In addition, animals previously sensitized to either staphylococcal PE type developed scarlatiniform rashes after challenged with heterologous staphylococcal or any group A streptococcal PE. The data suggest that staphylococcal PEs produce scarlet fever like rashes comparable to group A streptococcal PEs and that all PE types contain a common core moiety against which delayed hypersensitivity may be developed. PMID- 7216473 TI - General Transduction in Vibrio cholerae. AB - Evidence was obtained for general transduction in Vibrio cholerae. Transduction of three amino acid markers and three antibiotic resistance characters was demonstrated using strains of biotype eltor and biotype cholerae. Some of the genetic characters were transduced from a biotype eltor donor (and its mutant derivatives) to biotype cholerae and eltor recipients. For the genetic traits examined, the frequencies of transduction ranged between 10(-5) and 10(-8). Maximal frequencies were obtained with transducing phage lysates that were irradiated with ultraviolet light. The development of a system of general transduction will now aid in fine structure analysis and detailed mapping of the chromosome of V. cholerae. PMID- 7216474 TI - Characterization of plasmids and plasmid-associated determinants of Yersinia enterocolitica pathogenesis. AB - Yersinia enterocolitica isolates harboring a particular species of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid showed a high degree of lethality for gerbils and caused the detachment of HEp-2 tissue cell monolayers. Strains cured of their plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid showed loss of these properties. However, invasiveness of HEp-2 cells was shown not to be a plasmid-mediated property. The expression of plasmid-associated properties, including at least three major outer membrane polypeptides, occurred during growth at 37 but not at 25 degrees C and was related to the concentration of calcium in the growth medium. The plasmid species associated with these properties ranged in molecular mass from 40 x 10(6) to 48 x 10(6) daltons and comprised a family of related plasmids. PMID- 7216475 TI - Effect of bile acid derivatives on taurine biosynthesis and extracellular slime production in encapsulated Staphylococcus aureus S-7. AB - Various bile acids were added to cultures of encapsulated strains of Staphylococcus aureus growing in serum-soft agar medium of brain heart infusion broth. We examined effects of these compounds on cellular characteristics such as growth type, cell volume index, clumping factor reaction, slime yield, taurine content, and L-(--)-cysteic acid decarboxylase activity. Upon addition to the medium of either taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid (25 to 50 microgram/ml), or cholic acid (10 to 25 microgram/ml), the colonial morphology of taurine-positive cells (strain S-7) was altered from the diffuse to the compact type in serum-soft agar. Also, the titer of the clumping factor reaction increased, while the cell volume index and slime yield were markedly decreased. Tauro-bile acids, including taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurodehydrocholic acid, and taurodeoxycholic acid (50 microgram/ml) inhibited the synthesis of taurine and resulted in decreased L-(--)-cysteic acid decarboxylase activity. Among all of the derivatives cholic acid itself was found to inhibit slime production and L-(--)-cysteic acid decarboxylase activity to the greatest extent. Glyco-bile acid derivatives and taurolicholic acid (50 to 100 microgram/ml) had no effect on L-(--)-cysteic acid decarboxylase activity. Compounds such as glycodeoxycholic acid (50 to 100 microgram/ml) had no effect upon any of the cellular characteristics tested. No effect was observed upon addition of any of these compounds to cultures of the taurine-negative strain (T 26-B). We did find a correlation between the inhibition of taurine biosynthesis and decreased slime production. Electron micrographs indicated that this encapsulated strain was converted to an unencapsulated state in the presence of bile acids. PMID- 7216476 TI - Ultrastructural localization and protective activity of a high-molecular-weight antigen isolated from Legionella pneumophila. AB - Immunoperoxidase labeling showed that the F-1 antigen of Legionella pneumophila is located on the bacterial cell surface. Protection against lethal intraperitoneal challenge with serogroup 1 L. pneumophila was induced in guinea pigs by heat-killed cells and F-1 antigen from serogroup 1, but not by heat killed cells or F-1 antigens from serogroup 2, 3, or 4. PMID- 7216477 TI - Serological diagnosis in children infected prenatally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. AB - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus antibody was detected by immunofluorescence in sera collected 2 to 8 years after birth from six children probably infected prenatally. A neutralization test failed to detect antibodies in two of these children. PMID- 7216478 TI - Plasmids in Yersinia pestis. AB - Pesticinogenic and Ca2+-dependent strains of Yersinia pestis harbored plasmids of about 6 and 45 megadaltons, respectively. In addition, most isolates examined possessed a cryptic 65-megadalton plasmid. PMID- 7216479 TI - Antibacterial and antitoxin responses in the serum and milk of cholera patients. AB - Antibacterial and antitoxin responses in the acute and convalescent (7 to 10 days) sera of 14 cholera patients were determined by various serological techniques. Similar studies were also carried out with corresponding milk samples of six of these patients who were lactating women. A significant rise in antibacterial titers was observed in all convalescent serum and milk samples. A similar rise in antitoxin titers was observable in all serum and four milk samples. Specificity of the antibacterial titers was further evaluated by the indirect hemagglutination test using lipopolysaccharide antigen, and close correlations were noted between these titers and vibrio agglutination (P<0.001) and vibriocidal (P<0.001) titers of sera. Serum and milk convalescent cholera patients could effectively neutralize cholera toxin action in vivo, although the neutralizing activity of serum was higher than that of milk. Determination of antibody titers by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that anti lipopolysaccharide activity in sera belonged predominantly to immunoglobulin M (IgM) and, to a lesser extent, to IgG and IgA, whereas such activity in milk was mostly contributed by secretory IgA, although some IgM antibodies also could be detected. On the other hand, antitoxic activity in convalescent sera primarily belonged to IgG, whereas such activity in milk was almost exclusively contributed by secretory IgA. These results demonstrate that an antibody response in the mammary gland was stimulated due to the antigen exposure in the gut and are consistent with the idea of a common homing pattern of immunocytes within the secretory immune system. Moreover, some differences in the antibody production mechanism between the systemic and secretory immune systems are indicated. PMID- 7216480 TI - Influence of growth medium on adsorption of Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite surfaces. AB - The influence of the growth medium on the ability of strains of Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus and A. naeslundii to attach to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite (S-HA) surfaces was studied. Preliminary experiments indicated that cells of each species harvested in lag, log, and early stationary phases of growth adsorbed comparably to S-HA; thus, early stationary phase cells were used in all subsequent assays. Strains were grown in chemically defined medium (CDM), in CDM supplemented with gastric mucin or with filter-sterilized or (60)Co irradiated saliva from human donors of blood types A, B, or O, and in Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems) and Todd-Hewitt broth. Adherence of S. mutans H12 to S-HA tended to vary when the streptococci were grown in saliva supplemented CDM, but the number of cells which attached was generally within twofold of that of CDM-grown cells. Attachment of A. viscosus S2 and LY7 and of A. naeslundii S4 and L13 was generally similar when grown in CDM or in CDM supplemented with saliva, but it tended to increase for organisms grown in CDM supplemented with gastric mucin. None of the strains studied appeared to destroy the blood group reactivity of the added salivary components, and they attached equally well to HA treated with homologous or heterogous saliva from that present in the medium in which they were grown. The A. viscosus strains adsorbed in 25 to 40% higher numbers to HA treated with blood type B saliva than with type A saliva, irrespective of the medium used for growth. S. mutans H12 cells displayed alpha- and beta-glucosidase and alpha-galactosidase activity; the Actinomyces strains exhibited these activities plus beta-galactosidase when grown in all media. However, the levels of these glycoside hydrolases did not correlate with cell adsorption to S-HA. The apparent weak influence of the growth medium on attachment of S. mutans was studied further. Strains of S. mutans isolated from the saliva of five human donors were made resistant to streptomycin, grown in CDM, and then added to new saliva samples from the respective donors from which they were obtained. The in vitro-grown cells were found to attach to S-HA comparably to S. mutans cells present naturally in the saliva. PMID- 7216481 TI - Adherence of staphylococcus aureus to influenza A virus-infected Madin-Darby canine kidney cell cultures. AB - Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with influenza A virus (strains PR8, FM1, Jap 305, and Tex 1) were tested with nine strains of Staphylococcus aureus and group B Streptococcus type Ic to determine whether mammalian cells become susceptible to bacterial adherence as a result of virus infection. Bacterial adherence to virus-infected cells varied depending on the virus strain and on the strain of bacteria tested. A quantitative radioassay was developed to study the parameters of adherence. Attachment of 3H-labeled S. aureus grown in chemically defined or biologically complex medium to FM1 virus-infected cells was significantly increased (P less than 0.0005) compared with attachment to control cells. Adherence coincided with the appearance of hemadsorption, which is a marker of the presence of virus-induced glycoproteins on the cell surface. Adherence was temperature dependent, increased with a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration, and was not affected by the presence of K+, Mg2+, or Ca2+. Adherence was blocked when 3H-labeled S. aureus was pretreated with trypsin but not when cells were pretreated with neuraminidase. PMID- 7216482 TI - Periodontal bone loss and immune response to ovalbumin in germfree rats fed antigen-free diet with ovalbumin. AB - A technique for the characterization of rat gingival lymphocytes has been described. The technique was used to obtain gingival cells from rats maintained on antigen-free diets or such diets with ovalbumin (OVA) added. Increases in gingival lymphocyte numbers in the antigen-fed (AF) animals occurred by 16 to 23 days of OVA feeding. The elevated gingival lymphocyte numbers were predominantly T lymphocytes at the initial intervals of the experiment (to 59 days of OVA feeding). At 128 days of OVA feeding T-lymphocyte numbers diminished but B lymphocyte numbers increased, and AF animals had more than six times as many gingival B lymphocytes as animals not fed antigen. Also, AF animals showed immunoglobulin A antibody in intestinal perfusates (after 9 days of OVA feeding) and in saliva (within 23 days of OVA initiation). Plasma immunoglobulin G antibodies were not detected until 59 days of feeding. Spleen cells from AF rats showed in vitro blastogenic responses to OVA at 23 to 59 days of feeding. Periodontal bone loss was greater in AF animals after 59 and 128 days of OVA. Germfree animals fed only one antigen experienced more periodontal bone loss than animals fed the same diet not containing antigen. Therefore, immune phenomena can contribute to experimental bone loss in germfree rats. PMID- 7216484 TI - Role of outer envelope contamination in protection elicited by ribosomal preparations against Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. AB - A recent report (Cooper et al., Infect. Immun. 28:92-100, 1980) demonstrated that immunization of guinea pigs with ribosomal preparations was protective (approximately 90%) against chamber infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Similar protection has been demonstrated with other cellular immunogens such as outer membranes (OM) (92%) or purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (83%). Protection of LPS (5 to 100 micrograms) was dose dependent (83% with 100 micrograms). Treatment of LPS with pronase reduced the protection by 50%. Ribosomal preparations contained LPS contamination (3.9%) based on dry weight determinations by 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate analysis. Analysis of ribosomal preparations isolated from cells after lactoperoxidase-mediated 125I labeling indicated a major OM contamination (Protein I). The ribosomal preparation also contained low levels of succinic and lactic dehydrogenase. Passive hemagglutination tests revealed that sera from guinea pigs immunized with ribosomal preparations also demonstrated antibody to OM proteins and LPS. LPS was able to absorb one line of precipitation seen in immunodiffusion reactions as well as the bactericidal activity of such sera. OM preparations were unable to absorb the remaining precipitin line or remove the bactericidal activity. It appears that LPS is the major antigen responsible for the bactericidal activity seen in ribosome-immune sera. PMID- 7216483 TI - Susceptibility differences of inbred strains of mice to blastomycosis. AB - The susceptibility of inbred strains of mice to pulmonary blastomycosis was studied to derive information relevant to host resistance and genetic background. Initial studies with eight strains with various H-2 backgrounds revealed the C3H/HeJ strain to be highly susceptible and DBA/1J mice to be resistant. These observations were confirmed with various challenge inocula. These differences were not dependent on the size of the challenge, the strain of Blastomyces dermatitidis, host age, or ability of the challenge to penetrate to the lower airways. Differences between the susceptible and resistant strains in lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo after nonlethal subcutaneous infection were not demonstrated; the susceptible strain made a significantly greater antibody response to blastomyces antigens as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The resistance of the C3H/HeN strain of mice, which differs from the C3H/HeJ in sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide and lacks the macrophage cytotoxicity defect of the latter, suggests that the susceptibility of C3H/HeJ mice is not related to their C3H background or the H-2 locus. As the A/HeJ strain, which also has a macrophage cytotoxicity defect, was found in this study to be the second most susceptible strain, this also suggests macrophages as the subject for further study with respect to the mechanism of genetic resistance to this infection. PMID- 7216487 TI - Production of experimental ulcerative colitis in gnotobiotic guinea pigs with simplified microflora. AB - Conventional guinea pigs provided with a solution of 5% (wt/vol) degraded carrageenan as the sole source of oral fluids developed ulcerations of their ceca and large intestines within 30 days. Similar lesions were not detected in germfree guinea pigs treated in an identical manner, suggesting that an intestinal microflora was necessary for development of intestinal lesions. To simplify the bacterial flora required for production of cecal ulcerations, 10 pools consisting of 10 bacterial strains each were isolated from the cecal microflora of carrageenan-treated animals. Groups of germfree guinea pigs were associated with 2 of the 10 pools by orogastric intubation and observed for development of disease. One-half of each group was treated with carrageenan. The two bacterial pools were characterized by the presence of cytopathic effects for WI-38 and Vero cells, increased chemotactic activity, and increased concentrations of long-chain fatty acids. The results indicated that animals associated with those two pools developed cecal ulcerations during carrageenan treatment. Preliminary results also indicated that cecal ulcerations developed in germfree animals mono-associated with a strain of Bacteroides vulgatus isolated from one of the pools, regardless of whether carrageenan was administered, suggesting a bacterial involvement in disease development in the absence of carrageenan treatment. PMID- 7216485 TI - Immune responses to labial infection of BALB/c mice with herpes simplex virus type 1. AB - The kinetics of appearance of five humoral antibody responses (micro neutralization assay [NT], complement fixation [CF], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], radioimmunoassay [RIA], antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity [ADCC]), were compared during labial infection of BALB/c mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 strain Patton. The ELISA/RIA antibody responses were present in most mice by day 5 after infection, at the beginning of the herpetic lip lesions; antibody effective in ADCC showed identical early kinetics. In contrast, NT/CF antibodies were not detected in most mice until day 10, at the time of resolution of the herpetic lip lesions. The humoral immune responses persisted for at least 6 months after infection. The NT and CF responses were closely correlated in time of appearance and titers (r = 0.9), as were the ELISA and RIA responses (r = 0.99). However, there was little correlation between NT/CF and ELISA/RIA responses (r = 0.02). The kinetics of the delayed type hypersensitivity response showed similar kinetics of appearance to the ELISA/RIA/ADCC humoral responses, and peaked similarly, but waned gradually over 2 months. The importance of antibody in protection against labial herpes simplex virus type 1 infection was demonstrated by the ability of passively transferred convalescent serum (that produced a minimum NT titer of 10 in recipient mice) to protect against development of herpetic lesions and death. PMID- 7216486 TI - Factors affecting complement activation by Staphylococcus aureus cell walls, their components, and mutants altered in teichoic acid. AB - In a previous study, Staphylococcus aureus purified cell walls (PCW), consisting of peptidoglycan (PG) plus covalently linked teichoic acid (TA), were found to be more active in complement consumption than isolated PG. Isolated TA has now been shown to be capable of activating complement. Mild sonication markedly increased the ability of PG to activate complement but had essentially no effect on the activities of PCW and TA. Optimal sonication of PG did not yield activities equal to those of PCW in dose-response and kinetic studies, which may imply that TA plays some role in complement consumption. Sonication did not lead to solubilization of PCW or PG but may have enhanced the activity of PG in complement consumption by better dispersing PG particles, thereby exposing more surface area. Lysostaphin solubilization of PCW and PG markedly decreased their activities in complement consumption. The PCW of an S. aureus TA-deficient mutant, which were mostly PG, caused similar amounts of complement consumption as the parent strain PCW. Of the treatments of PCW commonly used to isolate PG, formamide and periodate extractions in particular led to PG preparations with lower activities in complement consumption than the PCW from which they were prepared, although these activities were stimulated by sonication. When whole organisms were studied by using a TA-deficient mutant, a mutant with an additional cell surface polymer, and the TA-containing parent strains and complement consumption by these strains was compared, no difference was found in either the rate or the degree of complement activation. This led to experiments demonstrating that both material released extracellularly from staphylococci and the cytoplasmic fraction of S. aureus were active in complement consumption. The results of these experiments indicate that both physical and chemical factors must be considered in studies of complement activation by isolated bacterial cell wall components. Under certain conditions, staphylococcal TA may enhance complement activation, but studies with whole organisms clearly show that this cell wall constituent does not play an essential role in this process. In addition, studies of complement consumption with intact organisms have demonstrated that there may be contributions both from cell surface components and from material released by the cells. PMID- 7216488 TI - Chemotactic factor receptor modulation and cytoskeletal structures. AB - The microfilament-disrupting agents cytochalasins A, B, and D were shown to impair the binding of the chemotactic factors [3H]formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine and 125 I-labeled crystal-induced chemotactic factor to their neutrophil receptor. Scatchard plot analysis revealed a decrease of the available binding sites in the cytochalasin B-treated cells. Cytochalasin B showed the same inhibitory profile on intact cells and on a membrane-rich preparation, suggesting that the effect was not dependent on an intact microfilament apparatus. The microtubule modifiers colchicine and vinblastine had no effect on the binding of the chemotactic factor to its cell receptors PMID- 7216489 TI - Immunotherapy of experimental cancer with a mixture of synthetic muramyl dipeptide and trehalose dimycolate. AB - The antitumor activity of a mixture of synthetic N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D isoglutamine (MDP) and trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) (MDP+TDM) in emulsified form was studied in guinea pigs, each with a syngeneic dermal tumor and microscopically detectable metastases in regional lymph nodes. A single intralesional administration of an ultrasonically prepared emulsion containing MDP+TDM in squalane or in mineral oil caused tumor regression and elimination of lymph node metastases. Similar emulsions of MDP+TDM made with squalene or hexadecane were immunotherapeutically inactive. PMID- 7216490 TI - Adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells in vitro: differences in adhesive capacity among strains isolated from subjects with otitis media, septicemia, or meningitis or from healthy carriers. AB - A method was developed to study the adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Epithelial cells from healthy persons, pneumococcal strains from patients with otitis media, meningitis, or septicemia, and pneumococcal cells from the nasopharynx of healthy carriers were used. Adhesion was found to be influenced by changes in the bacterial incubation medium and growth phase, the concentration of bacteria and epithelial cells, the epithelial cell donor, the incubation time and temperature, and the pH and osmolarity of the incubation medium. Pretreatment of bacteria with heat, Formalin, or trypsin decreased adhesion. The highest adhesion was obtained when 10(9) bacteria cultivated for 18 h in streptococcus cultivation broth were added to 10(4) pharyngeal cells and incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min. S. pneumoniae strains from patients with frequent episodes of otitis media and strains from healthy carriers had the highest adhesion values; septicemia and meningitis strains had the lowest. The capsular polysaccharide type did not determine the adhesive capacity of the strains, but otitis strains belonging to the capsular types often associated with otitis media adhered in high numbers. Adhesion may be important for pneumococci colonizing the nasopharynx or inducing otitis media. PMID- 7216491 TI - Characteristics of virulence in human isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes O:3, O:8, O:9, O:5,27, O:4,32, and O:21 were virulent as determined by autoagglutination and calcium dependency at 35 degrees C and ability to produce guinea pig conjunctivitis and mouse diarrhea. PMID- 7216492 TI - Effect of staphylococcal iron content on the killing of Staphylococcus aureus by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Preincubation of Staphylococcus aureus 502A in broth with increasing concentrations of ferrous sulfate progressively increased their iron content, markedly increased their susceptibility to killing by hydrogen peroxide, and did not alter their susceptibility to killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7216493 TI - HeLa cell infection by Yersinia enterocolitica: evidence for lack of intracellular multiplication and development of a new procedure for quantitative expression of infectivity. AB - The in vitro invasive properties of bacteria have frequently been studied by the use of HeLa cell cultures in chamber slides, using microscopic examination to enumerate intracellular bacteria. When this system was used to examine invasive properties of Yersinia enterocolitica, it resulted in rapid internalization of high numbers of bacteria during the infection phase which prevented subsequent discrimination of intracellular multiplication. A modified procedure was developed which standardized the ratio of bacteria to HeLa cells (i.e., multiplicity), the time for the infection phase, and the addition of specific antiserum with gentamicin for restricting bacterial uptake during the intracellular growth phase. Studies with this modified chamber slide system found that strains of human isolates of Y. enterocolitica (serotypes O:3, O:8, O:5,27, and O:6,30) exhibited different degrees of cell infection but did not multiply intracellularly. A second test system was developed that used roller tubes and viable cell counts for the enumeration of intracellular bacteria. This roller tube system confirmed that internalized bacteria did not multiply inside HeLa cells over a 24-h period. The roller tube system with viable cell counts for enumeration is a simplified technique for quantitative comparison of in vitro infectivity of HeLa cells by Y. enterocolitica. PMID- 7216494 TI - Antibody to group B Streptococcus type III in human sera measured by a mouse protection test. AB - Antibody to group B Streptococcus type III (GBS-III) was measured in human plasma and sera by using a test which measures the ability to protect outbred albino mice from an intraperitoneal challenge of GBS-III calculated to be lethal to 90% of the mice (LD90 dose). Of three samples from three different lots of commercial human immune serum globulin, none were protective despite the presence of antibody to the native type III polysaccharide. Nine specimens were tested from recipients of multivalent pneumococcal vaccine, and none were protective. Five specimens were tested from recipients of GBS-III polysaccharide vaccines who had responded with greater than 50 micrograms of specific antibody per ml in the blood. All of these were protective and could be diluted to titers of 1:10 to 1:40. Of two prevaccination sera with low levels of specific antibody, neither was protective. An unexpected finding which may limit the sensitivity of the mouse protection assay was that the human immune serum globulin and human serum with a very low level of antibody appeared to increase the lethality of the GBS III test strain, resulting in LD50 values reduced to 0.01 of the usual LD50. PMID- 7216495 TI - Immunization of chimpanzees with hepatitis B virus-derived polypeptides. AB - Previous studies established that the purified polypeptides derived from the 22 nm particles associated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) produce both humoral and cellular immunity against HBsAg in guinea pigs. Therefore, the two major polypeptides with molecular weights of 22,000 and 25,000 (P22 and P25, respectively) were isolated, adsorbed to an alum adjuvant, and used to immunize four nonimmune chimpanzees. A vigorous anti-HBs response was observed in all four animals after one inoculation of an alum-adsorbed polypeptide vaccine containing 40 micrograms of protein. After one to two booster inoculations, anti-HBs switched from being predominantly immunoglobulin M to the immunoglobin G class, indicating the establishment of immunological memory. Challenge of the vaccinated chimpanzees with 30,000 chimpanzee infectious doses of hepatitis B virus provided evidence for the efficacy of this vaccine. None of the four animals developed serological markers associated with an active hepatitis B infection, and no biochemical or histopathological changes of hepatitis were observed. A nonvaccinated control chimpanzee that was inoculated with the same hepatitis B virus material developed hepatitis B infection, confirming infectivity of the challenge inoculum. PMID- 7216496 TI - Colonization and cariogenicity of Streptococcus ferus in rats. AB - Streptococcus ferus, which is indigenous to wild rats, is a member of the mutans group of streptococci. We tested its ability to colonize and to cause caries in laboratory rats by comparing two strains of S. ferus with the very cariogenic Streptococcus sobrinus strain 6715. Groups of rats were fed either finely ground mouse chow or a 56% sucrose diet, or they were switched from chow to the sucrose diet. All three strains colonized the mouths of rats regardless of diet. However, the infectants reached higher proportions of the total flora more quickly in the rats consuming sucrose. Similarly, the percentage of the oral flora represented by an infecting organism increased numerically when rats originally fed chow were switched to the sucrose diet. S. ferus formed plaques on the teeth of the rats, but these plaques did not proliferate over smooth tooth surfaces as extensively as did those of S. sobrinus. Although S. ferus colonized and accumulated, it was non-cariogenic in rats fed sucrose compared both with rats fed similarly but infected with S. sobrinus 6715 and with uninfected controls. In vitro measurements suggested the S. ferus produced acid less rapidly than S. sobrinus. Thus, the lack of cariogenicity in S. ferus may result from an inability to form copious plaques on smooth tooth surfaces and from low acid production and, therefore, may represent a natural absence of the pathogenic potential usually inherent in the mutans streptococci. PMID- 7216500 TI - Blood lead levels during pregnancy. AB - A cross-sectional study of the variation of blood-lead levels throughout pregnancy was carried out on 165 women living in a rural area and 19 women living in an urban area. The mean blood-lead levels of both groups did not differ significantly from those of non-pregnant controls (27 rural and 19 urban). There was, however, a significant decrease in blood-lead levels throughout pregnancy, the magnitude of which was greater than the dilution effect of the concurrent increase in plasma volume. Women living in the urban area, whether pregnant or not, had significantly higher blood-lead levels than did those in the rural area. The mean blood-lead levels of 23 neonates was significantly lower at 6 days than their mothers' at term. These observations suggest that throughout pregnancy there is either an increasing placental deposition of lead or an increasing rate of transfer of lead to foetal tissues or a possible increased loss of body lead via other routes, e.g., urine. The higher blood-lead levels observed for the urban populations reflect increased environmental contamination with lead. PMID- 7216499 TI - The effects of continuous exposure to carbon monoxide on auditory vigilance in man. AB - Six different groups of non-smoking young male subjects were studied separately for 18 consecutive days each in a closed controlled-environmental human exposure chamber. Each group was subjected to a 5-day control period in fresh air followed successively by an 8-day period of continuous exposure to 50 ppm, 15 ppm or 0 ppm (control) by volume of carbon monoxide (CO) in air, and a 5-day recovery period in fresh air. The subjects performed a 1-h auditory vigilance task every day at the same time of day in a fixed qualitative, quantitative, and temporal relationship with food intake, consumption of stimulating beverages, physical activity, and sleep. It was concluded that such CO exposure, involving the continuous carriage of carboxyhaemoglobin loads up to 7%, was without significant effect on auditory vigilance. PMID- 7216498 TI - Characterization of a bactericidal lipid developing within staphylococcal abscesses. AB - Extraction of staphylococcal abscesses by the Folch procedure revealed that all of the staphylocidal activity was present in the lipid fraction. Further separation of the lipids indicated that the bactericidal activity resided in the free fatty acid pool. Lipids similarly extracted from mesenteric or epididymal fat tissue, either before of after activation, did not possess comparable activity. Myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic, and oleic acids, as well as lysolecithin, also failed to exhibit the properties of the fatty acid fraction obtained from abscess homogenates. These findings suggest the staphylocidal fatty acid is not a common host lipid. PMID- 7216501 TI - Liver changes under combined effect of working environmental factors. AB - Liver changes after separate and combined action of vibration (whole body, 100 Hz, 0.1 mm amplitude) and other factors: noise (white noise 105 dB/A), heat (35 degrees C, humidity 45--55% and air velocity 0.2--0.3 ms-1) and lead (lead acetate, 20 mg/kg) were studied in white rats. The exposure lasted for 2 h daily during 10 days (lead was daily applied per os in a water solution). After the treatment in liver homogenates the activity of SucDH, LDH, and ATP-ase, as well as the quantity of soluble proteins (SP) and -SH gr were determined. In fresh frozen liver slices the activity of SucDH, LDH, and ATP-ase were investigated. Liver samples were studied by light and electro-microscopy. The results show that vibration alone did not produce marked changes, but when the other factors acted simultaneously, more expressed alterations in the liver were found. The most pronounced changes were obtained after vibration and lead effect. The histological, histochemical, and electron-microscopic findings support the biochemical data about certain disturbances in the energy supply and utilization in the liver tissue. PMID- 7216497 TI - Evaluation of the biological properties of different classes of human antibodies in relation to cholera. AB - Different classes of immunoglobulins (immunoglobulin M [IgM], IgG, and secretory IgA) were purified from pooled serum and milk samples of convalescent cholera patients by gel filtration and immunoadsorbent techniques. The purity of these preparations was established by immunodiffusion and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using class-specific antisera. The biological properties of antibodies present in these crude and purified immunoglobulin preparations were evaluated by tests related to cholera. Purified human IgM and IgG exhibited both agglutinating and vibriocidal properties. On the other hand, human secretory IgA was not vibriocidal (even in the presence of lysozyme), although it showed agglutinating properties. Both IgG and secretory IgA could effectively neutralize cholera toxin action in vivo, whereas such activity was virtually absent in IgM. The toxin-neutralizing capacity of IgG was, however, higher than that of secretory IgA. All three classes of human antibodies could significantly inhibit the adherence of Vibrio cholerae to intestinal slices in vitro. These results are discussed in relation to the protective immune mechanism during cholera infection. PMID- 7216502 TI - Role of time and concentration on carbon tetrachloride toxicity in rats. AB - The hepatotoxic effect of different exposure schemes to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was studied in inhalation experiments in rats. The duration of exposures at different concentrations of CCl4 vapours in air was changed in such a way as to give a constant product of concentration and time (CT). The animals were exposed for 4 successive days a week. A concentration of 1,625 mg/m3 (250 ppm) CCl4 for 72 min (CT = 300 ppm x h) caused a higher increase in SGPT activity than the exposure to 325 mg/m3 (50 ppm) for 6 h (CT = 300); the effect of 6,500 mg/m3 (1,000 ppm) for 3 min six times at 1-h intervals (CT = 300) had a much smaller effect than the exposure to 6,500 mg/m3 (1,000 ppm) for 18 min (again CT = 300) (1 ppm CCl4 = 6.5 mg/m3). Similar results were obtained at other concentrations and by increasing the number of exposures up to 18; the effects were also confirmed by other biochemical changes in blood serum and liver and by histological examination of the liver. The results indicate that the severity of liver lesions is more influenced by the concentration of CCl4 in the inhaled air (and accordingly in the blood entering the liver) than by the total inhaled (and absorbed) amount of CCl4. This also explains the differences between the two types of exposure in the concentration of 6,500 mg/m3 (1,000 ppm): blood cannot be saturated with CCl4 to the same level within 3 min as within 18 min of exposure. PMID- 7216504 TI - Measurement of the urinary metabolites of N-hexane, cyclohexane and their isomers by gas chromatography. AB - A gas chromatographic method for analyzing the urinary metabolites of n-hexane (2 hexanol, 2,5-hexanedione, 2,5-dimethylfuran and gamma-valerolactone), of 2 methylpentane (2-methyl-2-pentanol), of 3-methylpentane (3-methyl-2-pentanol), and of cyclohexane (cyclohexanol) was developed. Processing of urine and the gas chromatographic conditions are described. The recovery rate of all hexane metabolites, except 2,5-dimethylfuran, ranged between 92 and 100%. The variation coefficient of metabolites determination was between 1.5 and 5%, apart from 2.5 dimethylfuran determination for which the variation coefficient was 15%. The detection limits ranged between 0.2 and 0.7 mg/l and between 0.05 and 0.1 mg/l when a packed or capillary column was used. Results obtained from a packed and capillary column are discussed. PMID- 7216503 TI - Chronic occupational exposure to toluene. AB - Chronic occupational exposure to toluene was studied in a factory preparing tarpaulins. Seventy-eight workers were studied; 46 were exposed to various concentrations of toluene in air (20--200 ppm), 32 were unexposed workers in the same factory. In many cases the exposure had lasted for 10--20 years. The urinary hippuric acid excretion at the end of work shift showed good correlations to toluene concentrations in air, and it seems to be a good measure of exposure. The hippuric acid in urine samples collected overnight showed that elimination of toluene still occurs several hours after exposure. Most of the biological parameters measured showed no correlation to toluene exposure. The blood leukocyte count did not show slight positive correlations to toluene exposure, but even this parameter stayed inside the range of normal values. The occurrence of chronic diseases, drug using habits, and drinking and smoking habits did not show any correlations to toluene exposure. PMID- 7216505 TI - Effects of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl) glycine on neutrophil locomotion. AB - The effects of the sulphydryl group donor N-(2-mercaptopropionyl) glycine on neutrophil locomotion were evaluated in vitro. The drug, when used at a concentration of 10(-3) M was found to stimulate the random migration and chemotaxis of normal neutrophils as a result of an enhanced rate of locomotion. The true chemotactic response was unaffected. N-(2-mercaptopropionyl) glycine appeared to exert its effect on the whole moving cell population. PMID- 7216506 TI - A method for eliciting indurated DTH reactions to soluble protein antigens in the flank skin of mice: correlation of visual measurements with 125I-UdR uptake indices. AB - A new technique for eliciting specific indurated delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to soluble protein antigens in the flank skin of mice is reported here. We show that immunization with soluble antigens emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant emulsion allows elicitation of indurated reactions upon intracutaneous test of sensitized mice with antigen on alum precipitates. With this method it is possible to measure simultaneously the gross induration of the cutaneous DTH reactions and correlate it with the degree of mononuclear cell infiltration as quantitated by the cPM of 125I-UdR uptake in mononuclear cells at biopsied reaction sites and confirmed by histological examination. PMID- 7216507 TI - Allergy to laboratory animals: a survey by questionnaire. AB - A survey carried out on a total of 1,487 individuals showed that, of the 585 who worked with laboratory animals, 19.5% developed moderate to severe allergic symptoms some time after starting employment. The corresponding figure for those who had never worked with animals was 13.4%. The animal worker group contained significantly more individuals with asthma, repeated attacks of sneezing, blocked nose or smarting eyes (alone or in combination), than did the control group. There was no significant difference in terms of the incidence or type of allergy developing after employment between those who did and those who did not report pre-employment symptoms of atopy. 9% of the animal workers had to stop work permanently or temporarily because of their allergy. PMID- 7216508 TI - Nature of the thymus dependency of mucosal mast cells. III. Mucosal mast cells in nude mice and nude rats, in B rats and in a child with the Di George syndrome. AB - Mucosal mast cells have been examined in the small intestinal mucosae of nude mice and nude rats, B rats and a child with the DiGeorge syndrome. In all three species, mast cells were present in normal numbers despite the athymic status of the nude mice and nude rats, the vestigial nature of the thymus in the child, and the functionally T lymphocyte-deprived status of the B rats. Connective tissue mast cells were also plentiful in skins and tongues of the nude mice and the child with thymic aplasia. It is concluded that normally neither population of mast cells has a obligatory dependence on the thymus or T lymphocytes for its differentiation, but that mucosal mast cells, under certain conditions of rapid hyperplasia, require an inductive influence provided by T lymphocytes. PMID- 7216509 TI - Chronic pruritic dermatitis in asthmatic monkeys: a subhuman primate analogue of atopic dermatitis? AB - In a group of adult normal rhesus monkeys and monkeys with IgE-mediated asthma observed over a period of 15 years, 2 of the latter group were found to have chronic, generalized pruritus and dermatitis. The skin lesions were recurrent and located on the flexural surfaces of the forearms leading to the thickened, scaling, lichenified dermatitis in that area in the skin of 1 monkey. The pruritus and skin lesions subsided following therapy with depot methylprednisolone but recurred after this therapy was discontinued. Both animals had recurrent severe cutaneous infections in excoriated lesions following scratching without infections in other organs. The cutaneous infections responded to penicillin therapy but recurred with scratching. No deficiencies in immunoglobulin levels, or lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin were found in these 2 monkeys. The 2 animals differed from normal animals by their high titers of immediate skin reactivity to ascaris antigen, persistent and severe asthmatic responses to ascaris antigen, high IgG antibody levels to ascaris antigen but all of the latter findings were also present in asthmatic monkeys without dermatitis. Cutaneous biopsies of lesions were nonspecific but provided no evidence for other explanations for the dermatitis which appears to be an analogue of human atopic dermatitis. PMID- 7216510 TI - Serum and salivary antibody responses and the development of oral tolerance after oral and intragastric antigen administration. AB - Repeated administration of human serum albumin to female Wistar rats via stomach tube or dropwise into the oral cavity resulted in simultaneous induction of serum and salivary antibody together with a state of specific systemic hyporesponsiveness. The induction of the hyporesponsive state was found to be related to the level and class of serum antibody elicited by ingested antigen. Rats dosed intragastrically produced low levels of serum antibody, predominantly of the IgM class; some of the rats dosed orally responded similarly, and both groups were hyporesponsive on subsequent parenteral immunisation with human serum albumin. However, other rats dosed orally produced IgG serum antibody and were not hyporesponsive, except when assayed for cross-reacting antibodies to bovine serum albumin. The kinetics of the immune response after parenteral challenge was similar in experimental and control rats over the 5-week test period. PMID- 7216511 TI - Early rheumatoid-like joint lesions in rabbits injected with foreign serum. IV. Influence of delayed-type hypersensitivity. AB - Intradermal injection of rabbits with lipid-coupled bovine serum proteins or bovine serum itself prior to a regimen of intravenous injections of bovine serum enhanced the incidence of joint lesions over that seen in animals receiving the intravenous regimen only. This increased of synovial lesions appeared, however, to be unrelated, either to the state of delayed hypersensitivity or to the concentration of passive haemagglutinating antibodies to bovine serum proteins in these animals. Lipid-coupled bovine serum, given as a first course in a regimen of intravenous injections, was no more arthritogenic than the native proteins and, as a second course series of intravenous injections, was definitely less arthritogenic. PMID- 7216512 TI - K cell activity of murine-cultured lymphocytic leukemic cell line independent of other Fc receptor functions. AB - A murine-cultured lymphocytic leukemic cell line, SC-1, showed remarkable cytotoxicity against 51Cr-labeled rabbit erythrocytes as target cells in the presence of antitarget antibodies in vitro. This cytotoxicity was complement independent, inhibited by the addition of aggregated human gamma-globulin, and reduced by pepsin digestion of antitarget IgG. Moreover, SC-1 cells also induced cytotoxicity to trinitrophenyl-modified rabbit erythrocytes in the presence of antitrinitrophenyl antibodies but not unmodified rabbit erythrocytes used as bystander cells. SC-1 cells which showed such K cell activity, however escaped from Fc receptor detection by erythrocyte antibody rosettes and FITC-conjugated aggregated human gamma-globulin binding. In morphological studies using the scanning electron microscope, SC-1 cells to induce cytotoxicity through a light attachment to target cells via 'point contact' of the microvilli. From these findings the characteristics of Fc receptors on effector cells in the mechanism of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was discussed. PMID- 7216513 TI - Induction of adjuvant-independent IgE responses in inbred mice: primary, secondary, and persistent IgE responses to ovalbumin and ovomucoid. AB - Immunization of a number of inbred mouse strains intraperitoneally with low levels (1-100 micrograms) of ovalbumin (OA) or ovomucoid (OM) in the absence of adjuvant, revealed marked strain differences in IgE responsiveness. High-OA responder strains such as Balb/c exhibited PCA titre up to 256 in the primary response, and up to 1,280 in the secondary, while non-responders such as SJL and NZB remained PCA negative; similar variations were found in the response of the strains to OM. Repeated immunization of high-OA-responder mice with low doses of antigen without adjuvant elicited anamnestic second and tertiary HA antibody responses. In contrast, IgE responses exhibited anamnestic secondary responses, but were not further boosted by tertiary stimulation. Instead, a 'persistent' high IgE response of the type previously associated with the use of specialized adjuvants, developed in these mice. Fractionation of the OA antigen by gel filtration yielded molecular species (dimers pentamers) of considerably greater IgE-immunogenicity than either monomeric OA or very highly aggregated forms. Immunization of high-OA-responder mice with the former permitted lowering of the threshold for induction of adjuvant-independent primary OA-IgE responses to a single 1.0 microgram dose, and the threshold for priming to 0.1 microgram. PMID- 7216514 TI - Castor bean allergens: evidence for distinct heat-labile and stable entities. AB - Castor beans contain one of the most potent allergens known to man. Previous studies suggested that these allergens are heat-stable; but our current data suggest that both heat-stable and labile allergens are present in castor bean extracts. The heat-labile allergen is of large molecular weight and is immunochemically distinct from the smaller molecular weight heat-stable allergen. Both allergens have different isoelectric points. These antigens may be clinically relevant since coffee workers sensitized to castor have IgE antibodies to both allergens. PMID- 7216515 TI - Rat plasma lipoprotein inhibitors of lymphocyte proliferation: specific membrane receptor for very low density lipoproteins. AB - We have compared the inhibitory effects of plasma lipoproteins on DNA synthesis by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated rat lymphocytes. The order of suppressor potency was: very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) greater than low density lipoproteins much greater than high density lipoproteins. We have further demonstrated the presence of specific receptor sites for VLDL on rat spleen lymphocytes. The number of VLDL receptors was estimated at 31,000 by a modified Scatchard analysis. Our results suggest that in the normal physiologic state, the proliferation of circulating lymphocytes may be suppressed by the combined effects of plasma lipoproteins. Furthermore, it would appear that the binding of plasma VLDL to specific receptors on rat lymphocytes would be the initial physiological event in this inhibitory process. PMID- 7216516 TI - Issues relating to the usage and conceptualization of mental health constructs employed by gerontologists. AB - A major intention of the article was to delineate and clarify issues related to the usage and conceptualization of mental health constructs commonly utilized by gerontologists. Conclusions were drawn to the effect that (a) meanings of mental health constructs cluster differently depending on the type of analysis employed, (b) happiness may be considered the most apposite representative of the array of mental health constructs employed by gerontologists, (c) happiness has been conceptualized either as containing current affect and dispostional components or current affect components only, (d) contemporary models of happiness favour neither the expansionist nor contractionist positions as a means of attaining happiness and (e) questions as to the relative contributions to happiness of the affective and dispositional components represents an important problem for future research. A final intention of the article was to provide a speculative reconceptualization of the happiness construct. PMID- 7216518 TI - Aging and suicide? maturation or cohort effect? AB - Within the field of gerontology investigators have been concerned with determining whether social behavior can be explained by a cohort effect or a generational maturation effect. This paper considers the question by examining suicidal behavior from a subjective perspective. A Suicide Potential Scale is constructed for a sample population in the city of Flint, Michigan, and it is shown that the scale fits the Guttman scale criteria. The mean suicide potential scores of various age groups in the sample are then examined and it can be seen that the data lend support to the cohort model with the exception of individuals seventy-five and older, where it appears that maturation factors play an important role in explaining suicidal behavior. PMID- 7216517 TI - Aging in a Bakongo culture. AB - The Bakongo tribe resides in Lower Zaire, the southern part of Congo-Brazzaville and the northern part of Angola. The term mbuta (plural is bambuta) means "old" or "older than oneself." It is a term of respect. The aging intervene in all the important life situations: marriage, witchcraft, magic, native palavers, etc. They have the authority and represent the tribe. The mbuta is an ideal that everyone likes to realize. Although the youth subscribe to modern western ideas, they still unconsciously fear the authority and the power of the aging. PMID- 7216519 TI - Gender and generation effects on person perception. AB - It has been assumed that the characteristics of respondents, such as their sex, background and socialization experiences, would affect the way in which respondents perceive other persons. Sex differences have been found in college students, but generational differences have not been explored. The present study employed one hundred fifty men and women, of non-college background and of a wide range of ages, and permitted free responses in respondents' descriptions. The effect of gender and generation on the categories participants used to describe a known man and woman was examined. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated significance on both variables. However, subsequent one-way analyses of variance revealed that only a few categories were used differentially by men and women, or by the older, middle and younger generations. PMID- 7216520 TI - Aging opinion survey: a report on instrument development. AB - Attitude instrument development remains a necessary task in aging research, for the eventual explication of attitude-behavior relationships. The present report describes initial development of the Aging Opinion Survey, an instrument based upon a multidimensional view of attitudes towards aging and the elderly. After identifying substantive attitudinal content areas, an initial 120-item pool was constructed, balanced across referent groups and direction of wording. Pilot analysis eliminated sixty items with minimal variances. Administration of the reduced item set to a subsequent sample of 200 gerontological practitioners and students produced four meaningful factors. Poor items were again eliminated and replacements constructed. Another administration (n=226) again produced four meaningful factors, three of which met the criterion of reliability: (1) Stereotypic age decrement, (2) Personal anxiety toward aging, and (3) Social value of the elderly. These scales appeared to reflect peer, personal, and generalized-elderly referents, respectively. Development and refinements of attitudes scales such as the Aging Opinion Survey are necessary elements for proceeding beyond the current theoretical and empirical difficulties in gerontological attitude literature. PMID- 7216522 TI - Age differences in dreams. I: men's dreams and thematic apperceptive fantasy. AB - Is there a covert, middle-age shift towards passivity and lowered ego energy? Age differences were investigated in dreams recalled from REM sleep by fifty-eight well-educated men age twenty-seven to sixty-four, and also in their TAT stories and dreams recalled from sleep at home. There was no confirmation of previous findings, although there was evidence of a slight age-related decline of aggression in dreams. These results raise the possibility that previous findings reflect cohort differences rather than age changes. Dreams and TAT stories failed to correlate sufficiently to warrant any assumption that they are interchangeable or that they tap covert processes. PMID- 7216521 TI - Habituation as a model of human aging. AB - This article introduces a new partial model of human aging that centers around the process known as habituation. The essence of habituation is progressive response decrement to a stimulus as the organism's exposure to this stimulus increases. Basic concepts and studies of habituation in its traditional sphere- infancy and early childhood--are reviewed. It is pointed out that habituation is a process that has been identified very early in life and which is intimately related to major psychobiological variables, capable of generalization, and thought to have enduring characteristics. It is further suggested that there is a striking resemblance between habituation and core features of the "aged state." The amenability of habituation to clear-cut experimentation and precise quantification is also noted. The possibility is presented that aging might be regarded as a disorder of habituation. The phenomena of hyper- and hypo habituation are briefly discussed, along with several problems and potentials in this new model of aging. PMID- 7216523 TI - Mannerisms of the elderly and approaches to rapport. AB - Creating stereotypes in any behavioral discipline is a risky venture. There will inevitably be overlaps between stereotypes, evolution from mannerism to mannerism, as well as behavior which doesn't fit into any set classification. Yet, in counseling senior citizens it is not unusual to consciously or subconsciously distinguish and then group behavior according to stereotypes. This grouping procedure, while subject to misuse in the counseling process, is in itself defensible. Studies by Neugarten, Havighurst and Tobin [1] and Reichard, Livson and Petersen [2] among others have empirically identified distinguishable mannerisms which the elderly adopt in adjusting to old age. Assuming the existence of these mannerisms, it would be interesting to learn how gerontologists suggest addressing elderly people who exhibit such behavior. Determining successful approaches to these individuals can provide a basis for the rapport necessary to: 1) uncover causes of adjustment problems, 2) assess the seriousness of those problems, and 3) implement counseling suggestions. PMID- 7216524 TI - An international role model for training staff in health care facilities. AB - This paper describes a unique experience in training the staff in the Borders Health District in Scotland in techniques to improve the quality of life of elderly people inside and out of the institution. The reader is given a concise description of the curriculum; the philosophic approach; and the methodology. The latter is of particular interest since it appeals to emotional as well as cognitive learning. These techniques are spelled out as are some of the simple exercises used to demonstrate how elderly people may feel re: specific physical and emotional handicaps. The need for and a plan for administrative support and follow up are described as well as the close relationship of education and improved services. PMID- 7216525 TI - Psychosocial differences between elderly volunteers and non-volunteers. AB - Volunteer workers over age sixty-five were compared to retired elderly who did not engage in any type of work activity. Volunteers were found to have significantly higher degree of life satisfaction, stronger will to live, and fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization. Since no differences were found on most demographic or background variables, participation in volunteer work appears to be the salient factor in explaining psychosocial differences between volunteers and non-volunteers. PMID- 7216526 TI - Effects of health and income on control orientation and life satisfaction among aged public housing residents. AB - Researchers have recently begun to focus to a greater degree on personality factors in old age. One such factor is locus of control. This investigation examines the relationship between life satisfaction and locus of control within the context of health and income, two variables that pervade numerous aspects of the older person's life. The data are derived from a randomly selected sample of people sixty-five years of age and older residing in high-rise public housing complexes (N = 74). The findings of the investigation are consistent with most of the previous research, which had shown internal locus of control and higher life satisfaction to be significantly associated. This association remained stable and significant when controlling on the effects of self-rated health and income, suggesting that internal control is related to life satisfaction independent of health level or monetary resources. PMID- 7216527 TI - Societal literacy and the status of the aged. AB - The hypothesis that status of the aged is negatively related to societal literacy is tested on a sample of 122 cultures drawn from the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample and the Human Relations Area Files. The hypothesis is not supported; instead, a small positive relationship is observed. This relationship, however, appears to be spurious due to the effects of variables indexing social complexity, which are positively related to status of the aged for societies of the kind represented in this sample. The conclusions of this study are: (1) societal literacy has no independent effect on status of the aged; and (2) the overall relationship between societal complexity and status of the aged appears to be curvilinear. Both of those conclusions are contrary to existing theory. PMID- 7216528 TI - Uremic pericarditis. PMID- 7216529 TI - Evaluation of somatosensory pathway by short latency evoked potentials in patients with end-stage renal disease maintained on hemodialysis. AB - Somatosensory evoked potentials and peripheral nerve conduction velocity were studied on 10 patients with end-stage renal failure maintained on hemodialysis treatment. None of the patients had symptomatic neuropathy and the only abnormal finding on neurological examination was absent ankle jerk in 7 of the 10 patients. Nerve conduction velocities and intercomponent conduction times of the somatosensory evoked potential were determined using electrical stimulation of nerve trunks and mechanical stimulation of the finger. Nerve ending conduction times was determined using a combination of the two stimuli and found to be abnormal in 8 patients. All 10 patients had slowed sensory conduction velocities at some segment of the tested peripheral nerve. Intercomponent time differences in the somatosensory evoked potentials could not be defined in the majority of our patients due to the absence of many of the components, making it impossible to distinguish whether the changes in somatosensory evoked potentials were due to impaired peripheral input, or to changes in the somatosensory pathway. PMID- 7216530 TI - Kinetics of amino acids equilibration in the dialysate during CAPD. AB - The equilibrium between plasma and peritoneal dialysis fluid has been studies for 23 amino acids during peritoneal exchanges at dwell times up to 8 hours in patients on CAPD. It is demonstrated that equilibration is a particular process typical for each amino acid which after 8 hour is nearly complete only for Glycine, Alanine and Asparagine. PMID- 7216532 TI - Cardiovascular effects of the hemodialysis procedure. PMID- 7216531 TI - Creatinine degradation I: the kinetics of creatinine removal in patients with chronic kidney disease. AB - The existence of an alternative route of excretion for creatinine in subjects with chronic renal failure has been demonstrated. The data presented in this study confirm the hypothesis that creatinine is converted into other metabolites, probably by action of the gut flora. Creatinine degradation was quantitated in a group of subjects that spanned a wide range of kidney functions from normal to no renal function. Five patients were analyzed who were on maintenance dialysis, five were predialysis and two subjects were normal with respect to kidney function. Creatinine degradation expressed as a percentage of production varied from 13.9 to 27.7% in the dialysis patients, 0 to 42.3% in the pre-dialysis patients and was 0% in the controls. Creatinine degradation was correlated with plasma creatinine degradation was correlated with plasma creatinine levels in predialysis (r = 0.73, p less than 0.01), but not in dialysis patients. No correlation was found between creatinine degradation and production in either group. It is concluded that significant amounts of creatinine are degraded in dialysis patients, and this removal mechanism must be accounted for in models of the patient-artificial kidney system. PMID- 7216533 TI - Effects of temperature on the removal of urea as ammonia by enzymatic conversion and by gas absorption using an oxygenator. AB - Urea in dialysate solution was converted by urease into ammonium and bicarbonate. Ammonium and bicarbonate can be removed using a gas absorption unit (e.g. oxygenator) to remove ammonia gas and carbon dioxide. The times for the total ammonium levels in the dialysate to be lowered by 50% were 95 minutes at 25 degree C and 15 minutes at 60 degree C. Increasing the dialysate temperature alone was effective in increasing the removal of ammonium, without the need to add NaOH. PMID- 7216535 TI - Prolonged survival on hemodialysis. PMID- 7216534 TI - Hemodialysis and schizophrenia. PMID- 7216536 TI - The core of the matter. PMID- 7216537 TI - Multiple regression analysis on factors associated with nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and it's representation as a graphical model. AB - The results of a multiple regression analysis on the nasal carriage of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the four major patient parameters, age, length of stay in hospital, sex and antibiotic use, is reported. The multiple correlation coefficient of the regression analysis was high and all the regression coefficients of the independent variables were statistically significant, confirming the validity of the analysis. Further, an analysis on the four patient parameters confirmed that the parameters are not correlated, hence the possibility of a bias being introduced into the regression model through interactions between the parameters is excluded. The resulting regression model was then studied and an application given with respect to an infection. PMID- 7216538 TI - On the feasibility of densitometric assessment of cerebral aneurysms. AB - Computer-aided operator-interactive densitometry was used to study the feasibility of quantitating the radiographic images of cerebral aneurysms. Contrast-filled tubings of varying diameter were used to investigate the linearity of the system and to assess the general accuracy and reproducibility of the densitometric method. To study the reproducibility of the technique on aneurysms, a vein pouch aneurysm model was developed in rabbits. Inter- and intra operator errors were determined by four observers, who performed multiple measurements on various projections of aneurysm images taken both in vitro and in vivo. These errors ranged between 3 and 8% for the in vitro data, and 7 and 22% for the in vivo data. It was found that the current approach that utilizes the linear segment of the film-screen characteristic curve has to be extended to involve the non-linear segment at the 'toe' section of the characteristic curve for future clinical applications. PMID- 7216539 TI - An analysis of trends in mortality from malignant melanoma of the skin in Australia. AB - Australian mortality rates from cutaneous malignant melanoma in successive periods from 1931 to 1977 have been examined with respect to geographic variation and trend with time and birth cohort. The age-standardized rates rose from 0.8/100,000 in males and 0.6/100,000 in females in 1931-34 to 4.2/100,000 and 2.5/100,000 in 1975-77. Mortality rates were highest in Queensland in the north of Australia and diminished on a gradient from the north to south of the country. An analysis designed to separate effects due to calendar year, birth cohort and age showed that virtually all the secular trend in rates could be explained by increases in successive birth cohorts, beginning as early as 1865 and stabilizing with the cohorts born around 1925 in women and 1935 in men. It is suggested that the cohort-based increase in mortality resulted from life-style changes occurring with successive generations. Its stabilization in recent birth cohorts, if persistent, suggests that the secular trend towards increasing total mortality from melanoma will also stabilize over the next 40 years. PMID- 7216540 TI - In vitro sensitivity of human melanoma xenografts to cytotoxic drugs. Correlation with in vivo chemosensitivity. AB - Single-cell suspensions prepared from five human melanomas, grown serially as xenografts in athymic nude mice, were exposed in vitro to increasing concentrations of DTIC (Dacarbazine), CCNU (Lomustine), procarbazine, vinblastine, and the cancerostatic lectins abrin and ricin. The in vitro chemosensitivity of the cells, as measured by the drug concentrations required to inhibit colony formation in soft agar by 50%, was correlated with the growth delay of the xenografts in vivo, previously observed after treatment of the animals with maximum tolerable doses of the same drugs. It was found that for each drug the in vitro sensitivity of the different xenografts was strongly correlated with their response in vivo. The results provide evidence that the soft agar test, as carried out here, adequately reflects the relative sensitivity of the xenografts in vivo. The data indicate that human xenografts may be used to develop quantitative in vitro chemosensitivity tests. PMID- 7216541 TI - Two neoplastic cell lines with unique features derived from Hodgkin's disease. AB - Two in vitro cell lines (L428, L439) were established from pleural effusions of two patients with Hodgkin's disease. The histological diagnosis was ascertained in both cases by two independent pathologists. The neoplastic nature of the culture cells is indicated by the demonstration of several structural and numerical chromosome abnormalities associated with a monoclonal pattern of marker chromosomes. Heterotransplantation in nude mice was achieved by intracranial inoculation and by subcutaneous transplantation of cultured cells embedded in a plasma clot. EBV-specific antigens (EBNA, VCA) were not detectable in either cell line. Ia-like antigens, receptors for T cells, acid phosphatase and acid esterase were shown to be present in the cultured cells. The L428 and L439 cell line lacked surface- or cytoplasmic Ig, HTLA, receptors for C3b, C3d, IgG-Fc, mouse E or sheep E, and were devoid of lysozyme, peroxidase and chloracetate esterase. These features do not correspond to those of B cells, T cells, myeloid cells, monocytes or macrophages; the morphology and the marker pattern of the culture cells, however, is identical with that of freshly obtained Hodgkin (H)- and Sternberg-Reed (SR)- cells, except for the lack of Clg in the in vitro cells, which is explained by the culture conditions. These findings suggest that the L428 and L439 cell lines are indeed derived from H- and SR-cells and offer the possibility of gaining new information upon the nature of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7216542 TI - Prognosis of stage I melanoma of the skin. Who collaborating centres for evaluation of methods of diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. AB - Prognosis of stage I melanoma of the skin was evaluated in 747 previously untreated patients observed by the WHO Collaborating Centres for Evaluation of Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment of Melanoma from September 1967 to September 1975. The mean followup period of these patients was 8.9 years. Sex, maximum diameter of melanoma, elevation on skin surface, histologic type, levels of invasion and maximum tumor thickness were found to be significantly related to survival when considered one by one. However, multifactorial analysis showed that sex and maximum thickness only had a significant impact on survival of stage I melanoma patients. The effect of sex was not evident in patients with maximum tumor thickness not exceeding 2 mm (81% 5-year survival for males and 87% for females and a p value greater than 0.05), while females did significantly better (p less than 10(-4) when maximum thickness of primary was over 2 mm. PMID- 7216543 TI - Demographic patterns for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States. AB - Demographic and pathologic information on over 1,000 newly diagnosed patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma was obtained from population-based registries in the United States. Age-adjusted incidence rates were similar for whites and blacks and both were significantly lower than for Chinese Americans. Age-related differences in cell type were observed in white NPC patients, lymphoepithelial carcinomas having a younger age distribution than either squamous-cell or transitional-cell carcinomas. Mortality rates for nasopharyngeal cancer were substantially lower than incidence rates for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but both indices revealed a minor peak in rates among teenaged whites and blacks. The five year survival rate for nasopharyngeal carcinoma was less than 25% and has not changed in recent years. Prognosis was better for females and for young patients. Despite the difficulties in obtaining uniform pathologic classification in such a large study, the interrelationship between pathologic subtype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and demographic features emphasizes the need for adherence to a more uniform histologic classification. PMID- 7216544 TI - A possible correlation between the degree of karyotype aberrations and the rate of sister chromatid exchanges in lymphoma lines. AB - The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies of six freshly established and two old cell lines derived from patients with lymphatic tumors or leukemia were compared to the SCE rates of lymphoblastoid cell lines of normal controls. All cell lines from malignant tumors displayed significantly higher SCE values than the control lines. In general, the SCE rates seem to be correlated to the number of chromosomal markers and the degree of karyotypic instability of each line. PMID- 7216545 TI - A case-control study of diet and colo-rectal cancer. AB - A case-control study of cancer of the colon and rectum has been conducted in Calgary, Alberta and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A total of 348 cases of cancer of the colon and 194 cases of cancer of the rectum were individually matched by age, sex and neighbourhood of residence to 542 population controls and frequency match to 535 hospital controls who had undergone an abdominal operation. Each subject received a personal medical history questionnaire and a quantitative diet history questionnaire. Data on a number of potential non-nutrient risk factors for bowel cancer and on the consumption of 9 nutrients in the 2-month period up to 6 months before interview were analysed. The dietary data thus refer to recent diet consumed in a period antedating the diagnosis of, and in most cases symptoms from, large-bowel cancer in the cases, and a corresponding time period in the controls. The major findings were an elevated risk for those with a history of bowel polyps, and for those with an elevated intake of calories, total fat, total protein, saturated fat, oleic acid and cholesterol. No association was seen with an elevated intake of crude fibre, Vitamin C and linoleic acid. The nutrients for which an increased risk was demonstrated were highly correlated, though multivariate analysis using logistic regression indicated highest risk for saturated fat, with evidence of a dose-response relationship. The findings in both cancer sites, both sexes and with both sets of controls were quantitatively very similar. The population-attributable risk for colon and rectal cancer combined was estimated from the neighbourhood controls to be 41% for males and 44% for females for saturated fat intake and 9.8% and 6.4% respectively for any history of polyps. PMID- 7216546 TI - Comparison of steroid receptor levels in renal-cell carcinoma and autologous normal kidney. AB - Since a number of renal-cell carcinomas regress with hormonal manipulation, we have identified and measured the levels of estrogen, progestin and glucocorticoid receptors in 47 autologous pairs of normal and neoplastic kidney tissues. High affinity receptors for these hormones were detected in kidney tissues of both sexes by means of a dextran-coated charcoal assay. Glucocorticoid receptors were demonstrated in renal cancer tissues for the first time, and were higher in the tumor (mean 31.3 +/- SEM 5.6) than in the normal tissue (mean 18.5 +/- 3.1 fmol/mg cytosol protein). There was a significant difference in the quantities of progestin receptors (expressed as fmol/mg cytosol protein) in normal (mean 18.4 +/- SEM 3.3) versus neoplastic (mean 10.4 +/- SEM 4.0) kidney specimens (p less than 0.007). There was a significant difference between the binding affinity of the progestin receptor in the male tumors (Kd = 2.2 +/- SEM 0.9 nM, n = 10) and that of the females, (Kd = 9.3 +/- SEM 6.5 nM) (p less than 0.04). When an affinity of less than 9.9 X 10(-9) M and greater than 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein were used as criteria for classifying a tissue as positive for progestin receptors, only 17% of tumors contained these receptors while 45% of normal tissues exhibited them. According to these criteria, no differences were observed in the frequency of occurrence of either estrogen receptors or glucocorticoid receptors in tumor versus normal kidney. Data from this study suggest that the use of endocrine therapy should be re-examined in the treatment of renal-cell carcinoma. PMID- 7216547 TI - In vitro NK-activity and in vivo resistance to leukemia: studies of beige, beige//nude and wild-type hosts on C57BL background. AB - The bg mutation in C57BL mice causes a partial impairment of NK activity, and has therefore been proposed as a model to evaluate the in vivo function of NK cells. In the present report, we studied natural resistance against the ascitic lines of one chemically and two virally induced syngeneic leukemias in C57BL bg/bg mice and their phenotypically normal heterozygous +/bg littermates. S.c. threshold inocula of all three leukemia lines grew faster and caused death earlier in bg/bg than in +/bg mice, and two of the lines were rejected completely at a significantly higher frequency in +/bg control animals. The +/bg mice also eliminated [125I]-IdUrd-labelled leukemia cells at a faster rate than bg/bg mice, as measured by pulmonary, hepatic and splenic radioactivity retained 18-30 h after i.v. injection. Direct splenic killing of 51Cr-labelled leukemia cells was also studied in vitro, and was found to be severely depressed in bg/bg compared to +/bg. This natural killer activity was independent of adherent cells and showed a rapid, but transient, increase after inoculation of the tumor cell doses used in the transplantation tests. It was also possible to study the bg mutation in T-cell-free mice, by combining it with the nu mutation on a C57BL background. The NK activity of such beige-nude mice was found to be partially impaired compared to nude (non-beige) or wild-type animals, but higher than that of beige (non-nude) mice. Our results suggest that NK cells may be responsible for elimination of small numbers of tumor cells in the intact syngeneic host. The further use of beige and beige-nude mice in studies of transplanted and primary tumors is discussed. PMID- 7216548 TI - Presensitization of human cells with extrinsic signals to induced chemical carcinogenesis. AB - Foreskin-derived low-passage human cell populations were reproducibly transformed with chemical carcinogens when the cells were blocked in G1, released from the block, and treated with either the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or with Aflatoxin B1 in the S period of the cell cycle. Arginine- and glutamine-deficient medium was required to effectively block the cells in the G1 period. Estradiol, insulin, anthralin or phorbol myristate acetate sensitized the cell population to carcinogen treatment when added 10 h before the carcinogen in early S period. Presensitized cells kept blocked in G1 period for 48 h or longer, released and treated in S period with MNNG or Aflatoxin B1 were not transformed; nor did transformation occur in presensitized cell populations treated in G2 (4.5 h), M (1.5 h) or G1 (8.2 h). Cells derived from carcinogen-treated presensitized cells grew as colonies in soft agar at 16-20 PDL. When cells derived from colonies isolated from the soft agar were injected subcutaneously into nude mice, tumors developed. PMID- 7216549 TI - Macrophage content and immunogenicity of C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. AB - A total of 33 methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas, growing in C57BL/6J or BALB/cByJ mice, were tested for their immunogenicity and for their relative macrophage content. No relationship was demonstrated between these two characteristics. These results suggest that the direct correlation between macrophage content and immunogenicity demonstrated in rat tumor model systems may not hold for other systems. PMID- 7216551 TI - Psychotropic drug induced changes in auditory averaged evoked potentials: results of a double-blind trial using an objective fully automated AEP analysis method. PMID- 7216550 TI - Clinical study on the hypotensive effect of diltiazem hydrochloride. AB - Diltiazem HCl was administered p.o. at a fixed daily dose level of 180 mg to patients with essential hypertension, and the hypotensive effect of the drug was investigated. The following results were obtained: diltiazem HCl given alone exhibited a hypotensive effect on systolic pressure in 88.9% of the patients and on diastolic pressure in 66.7% of the patients. The concurrent use of diltiazem HCl with trichlormethiazide exerted a hypotensive effect on patients who were nonresponsive to diltiazem HCl alone. As regards side effects, one patient complained of gastric fullness and one of dizziness. However, the symptoms were so mild that further continuation of diltiazem HCl therapy was possible. From the results obtained, it is concluded that diltiazem HCl can effectively be used clinically as a hypotensive drug. PMID- 7216552 TI - Effects of vasopressin analogues (DDAVP, DVDAVP) in the form of sublingual tablets in central diabetes insipidus. AB - The effects of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), 1-deamino-4-valin-8-D arginine vasopressin (DVDAVP) and 8-arginine vasopressin (AVP) on water metabolism have been examined in 18 patients suffering from central diabetes insipidus. The hormone derivatives were sublingually administered. It was established that DDAVP and DVDAVP significantly reduced diuresis and increased urine osmolarity. DVDAVP was found to be more effective than DDAVP. AVP administered in equal doses had no significant effect on water metabolism. The duration of the action of sublingually administered DDAVP was 12 hrs; after dosing DVDAVP the effect lasted even 6 hrs. During one week of DDAVP administration, the accumulation of the drug was indicated by the gradual decrease of diuresis and the increase of the urine osmolarity. The sublingual administration of both DDAVP and DVDAVP tablets (3 X 30 micrograms/day) had an adequate therapeutic effect. PMID- 7216553 TI - Amoxycillin levels in human serum, bile, gallbladder, lung, and liver tissue. AB - Amoxycillin levels were measured in the serum, bile, lung, gallbladder, and liver tissue in 19 cases of lung and 22 cases of cholecyst operations following intramuscular administration of 1 g amoxycillin. After 60-160 min, 4.4-5.6 mcg/g intact lung tissue and 1.5-3.9 mcg/g tumorous lung tissue concentrations were found, representing 41-48% and 15-32%, respectively, of the corresponding serum levels. Between 70 and 160 min when the ducts cysticus was open, the cystic bile contained 5.2-8.8 mcg/ml, the bile taken from the biliary ducts showed 10.9-13.2 mcg/ml, whereas the wall of the gallbladder and the liver tissue displayed 4.4 5.1 and 1.7-2.8 mcg/g amoxycillin levels. These levels represented 50-92, 118 136, 50-52 and 17-28% of the actual serum levels. As in the serum levels, the bile and tissue levels were about twice as high as those following ampicillin administration. The amoxycillin levels measured in the serum, bile, and other tissue tissues in most cases exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations for most of the bacteria usually considered. Therefore, amoxycillin can be applied successfully to treat respiratory and biliary infections. PMID- 7216554 TI - Excretion of nortriptyline into saliva. AB - The relationship between serum and unstimulated and stimulated mixed saliva concentrations of nortriptyline was studied in seven healthy volunteers given a single oral dose of 50 mg. The concentrations were shown to be statistically significantly but variably correlated. The stimulation of saliva flow with Parafilm caused a significant increase in the mean +/- s.e.m. saliva pH from 6.93 +/- 0.15 to 7.34 +/- 0.09 (p less than 0.01). Simultaneously the mean saliva/mean concentration ratio decreased from 0.28 +/- 0.04 to 0.14 +/- 0.03 (p less than 0.001). This decrease correlated significantly with increases in flow rate and pH. Serum concentration could not, however, be reliably calculated from saliva concentrations because of the great variability in the saliva/serum ratios at any given pH. PMID- 7216555 TI - Residence time and accumulation of drugs in the body. AB - This investigation presents a simple and clinically useful theory of drug accumulation based on the mean residence time of drug molecules in the plasma compartment. The parameters decay fraction and accumulation factor, defined in terms of average steady-state amount in the body, are used to characterize the pharmacokinetics of multiple dosing. These parameters are calculated for digoxin and digitoxin. PMID- 7216556 TI - Definition of compliance. AB - Several definitions of compliance are presented. These are Aspirational Compliance, Standard Compliance. Therapeutic Compliance, Attitudinal Compliance, Habitual Compliance and Therapist Compliance. The importance which the differentiation between these types of compliance holds for research and therapy is discussed. PMID- 7216557 TI - Dilemmas of Iran's opium maintenance program: an action research for evaluating goal conflicts and policy changes. AB - Much of evaluative research in the drug abuse field to date has centered on the outcome comparison of different treatment and rehabilitation modalities. Consequently, despite avowed interest in policy research by the students of drug abuse to a great extent and, in part, due to lack of research opportunities, there have not been many action-oriented evaluative policy researches even in the industrially advanced countries. On the other hand, the piecemeal accumulation of information through numerous ad hoc drug-related research activities has signaled the need for more integrated research activities on a comprehensive scale, embracing both the demand and supply dimensions of drug abuse. In the absence of substantive inputs from drug policy research, there is a real danger than the call for comprehensive approaches may once again, by default, neglect the crucial dimension of macro policy. This paper presents the findings of an action research design for evaluation of Iran's opium maintenance program. As such, the paper's primary focus is on the impact of unintended and unanticipated consequences of Iran's opium maintenance program upon treatment and rehabilitation efforts for the drug addicts. The findings here are based on a two-wave study. The first wave was carried out in the early summer of 1976. The major conclusions of the first wave suggested the need for fundamental revisions in both the eligibility requirements for and the the distribution system of opium coupons to those who legally received opium, the registered addicts. The findings of this study convinced the government to initiate a number of changes in the eligibility requirements. In addition, the authors were given the responsibility to design a new system of opium distribution for registered addicts. The second wave of the study was conducted in the spring of 1977, some 6 months after the policy revisions, in order to monitor their effects. PMID- 7216558 TI - Characteristics of cities and their relationship to heroin use: an analysis of heroin use correlates in metropolitan areas. AB - The problem addressed in this study was stated in general terms as follows: What are the factors related to differences between cities in heroin use levels? The explanatory power of five alternative conceptual models of heroin use was tested via multiple regression, using the Heroin Problem Index as the measure of heroin use prevalence. The results indicated that while several of the models had some validity, no single model provided a complete explanation of heroin use variability, suggesting that the ultimate explanation of heroin use includes elements from several models. Results were interpreted as supporting the notion that both supply and demand factors are important in heroin use. PMID- 7216559 TI - Sex therapy for recovering alcoholics: an essential part of family therapy. AB - Sexuality and alcoholism have been linked since Shakespeare's time, but various studies have pointed out that there is no simple, direct relationship between the pharmacological effect of alcohol and its behavioral consequences. Sexual dysfunction in the recovering alcoholic may be due to the depressant effect of the alcohol itself, to alcohol related disease, to other drug usage, or to a multitude of psychological forces. Learning to deal with one's sexuality can be an important initial step in creating a new, more confident self who can cope in a chemical-free world. As well, the effects of alcoholism on the whole family and the importance of family support during recovery are major reasons why sexuality needs to be addressed directly and sex therapy offered as part of the recovery process. Sex should be viewed as one more aspect of communication which may need improvement. PMID- 7216560 TI - An innovative approach to methadone detoxification. AB - An atmosphere can be created in which the user's anxiety during methadone or heroin detoxification is reduced via the facilitation of adaptive, druglike experiences provided through behavioral and psychological means. The switch to a nondrug life-style is promoted by the continued satisfaction of underlying needs which, through appropriate dosage, can lead to a higher probability of self reliance abd abstinence. The addictive dependency on the nondrug, need-gratifying therapy is resolved through clinically monitored and graded frustrations. PMID- 7216561 TI - Knowledge about responsible drinking in drinking drivers and social drinkers. AB - On a questionnaire designed to assess knowledge about responsible drinking, social drinkers performed significantly better than convicted drinking drivers. This difference was due almost entirely to the poor performance of drinking drivers reporting additional alcohol-related problems. Problem-free drinking drivers did not differ from social drinkers in performance. Exposure to education in the form of either a talk about responsible drinking or a talk plus video presentation resulted in significant improvement in performance by both problem and problem-free drinking drivers. These findings have implications for programs directed at reeducating drinking drivers. PMID- 7216562 TI - Pentazocine and tripelennamine: a drug abuse epidemic? AB - The change in illicit drug use from 1975 to 1978 was studied in Chicago veterans. Barbiturates and amphetamine use has decreased significantly. Nearly a sevenfold increase in pentazocine use has occurred. All but one of the pentazocine users added tripelennamine to the intravenous or subcutaneous injections. Sixty-four instances of medical or psychiatric complications including seizures, abscesses, depression, and psychosis occurred in the 69 pentazocine and tripelennamine users. A possible pharmacologic explanation of the seizures and psychiatric complications is advanced. Most users of pentazocine and tripelennamine started the use in an attempt to withdraw from heroin or because of the poor quality of heroin available. PMID- 7216563 TI - Status and status inconsistency of parents on alcohol consumption of teenage children. AB - In a secondary analysis of data obtained from a national probability sample of junior and senior high school students, two hypotheses derived from previous research were tested. Significant support was found for the hypothesis that the educational and occupational status of working parents is inversely related to the quantity of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion by sons and daughters. The hypothesis that status inconsistency of working parents is positively associated with the quantity of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion by teenage children was found to be supported for sons only. PMID- 7216564 TI - Influence of a cash fee on outpatient heroin detoxification. AB - Twenty-eight employed heroin addicts who were admitted to 10-day, outpatient detoxification and paid a modest fee were compared to 28 poverty-level, unemployed patients who received free detoxification. Patients were matched for admission date within +/- 30 days, sex, age within +/- 5 years, total length of heroin use within +/- 3 years, and parole/probation status. At the end of detoxification treatment, 9 of 28 (32.1%) patients who paid a fee, and 11 of 28 (39.3%) patients who were given free treatment had urines which were devoid of heroin derivative (PNS). Three of less patients in each group chose to remain in longer-term treatment (PNS). These results suggest that a patient fee did not favorably influence outcome of outpatient heroin detoxification. PMID- 7216565 TI - Are addicts' self-reports to be trusted? AB - A review of the literature and a report of an empirical inquiry both suggest that retrospective inquiry, based on addicts' self-reports, are, in very many cases, valid and reliable. The paper suggests that the relevant problem connected with addicts' self-reports is not whether they are to be trusted or not, but rather what types of questions and situations best lend themselves to be researched when using retrospective techniques. PMID- 7216567 TI - Moods of pregnant and nonpregnant heroin addicts. AB - Pregnant addicts were hypothesized to experience more tension than nonpregnant addicts because they had the additional worry of how narcotics might affect their fetuses. A sample of 52 women who entered an especially developed service for pregnant addicts was administered the Profile of Mood States (POMS); 20 persons were daily heroin users and 32 were transfers from methadone maintenance programs. The pregnant addicts' POMS scores and background characteristics were compared to those of 276 nonpregnant women who sought methadone maintenance. None of the background characteristics differentiated between the two groups. Although the mean levels of the women's moods were comparable to those of psychiatric outpatients, there was only a trend toward the pregnant women being more tense and anxious than the nonpregnant women. The conclusion was drawn that the moods of the pregnant and nonpregnant addicts were comparable. PMID- 7216566 TI - Alcohol use and prior alcohol-related convictions as predictors of probation officer perceptions and sentencing. AB - Presentence reports for 740 offenders were content analyzed. Regression techniques were used to evaluate a number of predictors of sentencing, including the effects of number of prior alcohol-related convictions and whether the offender was intoxicated while committing the offense he was charged with. The two most prominent variables affecting the severity of sentence were the probation officer's assessment of the offender's probable success on probation and the legal seriousness of the offense. While failing to have any significant direct effects on sentencing, our measures of alcohol use had significant indirect effects which were mediated by the probation officer's assessment of success on probation and legal seriousness. An extensive criminal record of prior alcohol-related convictions resulted in a poorer prognosis for success on probation this, in turn, led to more severe sentences for these offenders. Intoxication while committing an offense was related to the commission of minor crimes which, subsequently, yielded more lenient treatment for alcohol-users compared to nonusers. Finally, native offenders were more likely than nonnatives to have many prior alcohol-related convictions and to have been intoxicated while committing an offense. PMID- 7216568 TI - Pentazocine (Talwin) and tripelennamine (Pyribenzamine): a new drug abuse combination or just a revival? AB - Interviews were conducted with eight drug abusers at the Cook County Hospital Emergency Department who had used pentazocine (Talwin) and tripelennamine (Pyribenzamine) in combination--also known as "T's and Blues." It was discovered that all those interviewed had been introduced to this combination in Chicago and that nearly all had been users of heroin. Economics seemed to be a major factor contributing to the preference of "T's and Blues" over heroin. A review of the literature showed that there is a striking similarity between "T's and Blues" and "Blue Velvet" which was popular almost 20 years ago. PMID- 7216569 TI - The MMPI-168 with inpatient drug abusers. AB - A retrospective study was done on the MMPI responses of 120 inpatient drug abusers, comparing the standard MMPI with a short form composed of the first 168 items. Scores "predicted" by the short form were highly correlated with actual scores, and the predicted and actual profile configurations were very similar. Regression equations derived from the data were comparable to those presented by other authors using different diagnostic groups; this suggests a rather stable relationship between the MMPI--168 and the standard MMPI. The use of the short form for drug-abuse patients is encouraged. PMID- 7216570 TI - Statistics blur minority distinctiveness. AB - In their study of the success of drug treatment, Sirotnik and Roffe blurred and probably minimized racial and ethnic distinctions. Their problem was trying to compare Whites, Blacks, and Chicanos with a statistic requiring two-art or scalar variables. Of non-Blacks (compared to Blacks), 29% were Chicanos, and of non Browns (compared to Chicanos), 32% were Blacks. Nonetheless, of nine variables significantly associated with "staying in treatment," five were blackness, brownness, or synonymous with them. A format with only percentages would enable analysis to see substantive results clearly and in more detail. PMID- 7216572 TI - Female alcoholic inpatients: predicting program completion time and emotional state change. AB - A prominent theme of the literature on female alcoholism is increasing incidence simultaneous with insufficient treatment knowledge. The present study addresses this subject and presents research-based methods for predicting both amount of time for completing a primary treatment (residential) program, and extent of emotional state change between admission to and discharge from a program of varying duration (open end). The study's treatment-related results are based on 62 female program completers, and comparison of female "recovering" alcoholics and females not known to be alcoholic. Results include a five-item, empirically derived personality scale which enabled estimation of program completion time (PCT) within 5.4 days when supplemented with demographic and other data and 10.9 days by itself. Correlates of the five-item scale suggest that it measures an aspect of personality strength that favors recovery. Another result was a formula which estimated prepost emotional state change within 2.3 points or in terms of point change categories. Cross-sectional analysis of relationships between emotional state change and "fast", medium" and "slow" program completion indicated a possible learning curve that dropped conspicuously in the "medium" section. Several tables and figure are provided for facilitating application of the findings. Implications of the study for treating the alcoholic female and further research are discussed. PMID- 7216571 TI - Ability to cope with prejudice and role of the visibility factor among paraplegics and the emotionally disturbed. AB - A study was conducted to explore the attitudes of disabled persons towards individuals of similar disablement and dissimilar disablement. The study also looked into the attitudes of normal persons towards persons with visible disability--paraplegics and those with disability which was not visible- emotionally disturbed. Twenty-five subjects were in the paraplegic group, 25 in the emotionally disturbed group with the same number in the 'normal' group. The instruments used to measure attitudes were the semantic differential scale and the social distance scale. The results showed that on the social distance scale the paraplegic group rated its own group more favourably (0.72) than it rated the emotionally disturbed (1.21). On this scale the emotionally disturbed group even rated itself less favourably (1.81) than it rated the paraplegic group (1.41). On the semantic differential scale the pattern was nearly similar. Disabled subjects taken as a whole showed expression of a more favourable attitude (P less than 0.05) towards themselves than did the normal group towards them. The paraplegic group was more willing to associate with its own group than the emotionally disturbed group was towards itself. The implications of these findings have been discussed. PMID- 7216573 TI - A multivariate analysis of motivational attributes among spinal cord injured rehabilitation clients. AB - Based on the assumption that understanding client motivation is central to the rehabilitation process but that motivation is complex, configural, and not a bipolar construct, this study sought to describe the motivational patterns of 110 spinal cord injured persons receiving vocational rehabilitation services. Self report inventories purporting to measure four motivational concepts--arousal level, expectations, incentive conditions and need fulfillment--were used as descriptors. A cluster analysis procedure was used to form homogeneous subgroups of spinal cord injured persons according to motivational variable scores. Results indicated that the cluster analysis technique was reliable and that 80% of the sample was correctly classified into one or another of four subgroups on the basis of five motivational variables: personal goal choice and perceived importance of that goal, current life satisfaction, family need satisfaction, age, and arousal level. The clearest discriminator in forming the subgroups was type of goal chosen and perceived importance of that goal. Other demographic and psychological information was provided to sharpen intragroup similarities and intergroup differences. Implications for rehabilitation practice and future research were discussed. PMID- 7216574 TI - Brief research reports kurzdarstellung von forschungsarbeiten courtes descriptions de recherches. PMID- 7216575 TI - Vocational disability and rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis. AB - Multiple sclerosis represents a significant cause of vocational disability among young and middle age adults. As a group, M.S. patients are frequently well educated, highly trained and possess intact families but have had to leave their former occupations. While many unemployed M.S. patients are willing and able to work, they are not now receiving the vocational rehabilitation services they need to reenter the work force. Physicians frequently see M.S. patients, but they do not often refer those patients for vocational rehabilitation services. Unemployment associated with multiple sclerosis is a significant social complication of the disease. While the physician cannot cure or halt the progress of the disease, he or she can assist the M.S. patient in obtaining the specialized help necessary to re-enter the job market. PMID- 7216576 TI - Effects of an outdoor exercise program on cardiovascular and metabolic data in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). PMID- 7216578 TI - Project deinstitutionalization: using extended evaluation to enable institutionalized severely developmentally disabled persons to demonstrate their vocational rehabilitation potential. PMID- 7216577 TI - Auditory feedback as it relates to Language acquisition and utilization with the severely physically disabled. PMID- 7216579 TI - Analyzing performance competencies of severely handicapped clients. PMID- 7216581 TI - Effects of goal setting training on the job performance of the mentally retarded. PMID- 7216580 TI - Interview skills of mentally retarded adults: deficiencies, consequences, and training approaches. PMID- 7216582 TI - On increasing motivation to communication in aphasics rehabilitation. PMID- 7216583 TI - Investigations on sound development sequence in children. PMID- 7216584 TI - The attitude of members of various social professions towards children with psychogenic disorders. PMID- 7216585 TI - Psychiatric illness in general medical practice. An investigation in Mannheim. PMID- 7216586 TI - Attempts at reintegrating psychically ill persons into working life. PMID- 7216587 TI - Employability of persons who are both deaf and blind. PMID- 7216588 TI - The sulfones: safety and efficacy. PMID- 7216589 TI - Is dapsone safe? PMID- 7216590 TI - Psoriasis: an epidermal disease or a systemic condition. PMID- 7216591 TI - Dermatophyte infection of the penis. Association with a particular undergarment. AB - Penile involvement was seen in 19.5% of 261 patients, aged 11 to 30 years, with tinea cruris. It was more common in patients under the age of 20 years (p less than 0.05). The increased incidence is probably related to the use of langota, a semiocclusive undergarment that may favor the growth of dermatophytes. PMID- 7216592 TI - Pemphigus vulgaris and drug reactions. AB - A retrospective study of patients with pemphigus vulgaris, drug eruptions, psoriasis, and normal controls was undertaken in an attempt to determine whether a significant difference in drug exposure and/or drug allergy existed between the various groups. A statistically significant difference in drug exposure was found between pemphigus vulgaris and drug eruption patients, as compared with psoriatics and normal patients. Representative case reports and some possible mechanisms for the induction or exacerbation of pemphigus patients is described and discussed. PMID- 7216593 TI - Acquired structural defects of the hair. AB - Acquired hair shaft abnormalities resembling genetic trichorrhexis nodosa were seen in two patients. Selenium shampoo and bacterial infection with trichomycosis axillaris may have been the contributing factors. There is a possibility that strongyloides larvae caused trichonodosis in one patient. PMID- 7216594 TI - Diaper dermatitis with psoriasiform ID eruption. AB - Diaper dermatitis with psoriasiform ID eruption has a distinct clinical presentation. Its etiology and relationship to psoriasis remain uncertain. Previous reports have shown histologic features of subacute to chronic dermatitis. Two cases are presented in which a biopsy of secondary lesions showed features characteristic of psoriasis. It is possible that such cases represent those patients with a psoriatic diathesis. PMID- 7216595 TI - Multiple cutaneous granular cell tumors simulating prurigo nodularis. AB - A 37-year-old black man with 64 pruritic cutaneous granular cell tumors represents the highest number of such lesions ever reported. The clinical resemblance to prurigo nodularis are the unique features. Partial response to intralesional corticosteroid injection is noted. PMID- 7216597 TI - Peculiar forehead mark from praying. PMID- 7216598 TI - Idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum. PMID- 7216596 TI - Study of dermatomycoses. AB - 555 clinically suspected cases of dermatomycoses were studied for causative fungi and their detailed clinical manifestations. The fungi were demonstrated on routine KOH mount and/or by culture in 464 cases (83.6%). Tinea corporis was the predominant fungal infection (30.6%) and T. rubrum was the main etiologic agent. Favus (T. schoenleini) was found only in cases from Jammu and Kashmir valleys. There was a high incidence of tinea capitis among children. Trichophyton tonsurans was isolated in cases of tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea pedis. Trichophyton ferrugineum and T. verrucosum were isolated from cases of tinea capitis; and Microsporum gypseum was isolated from tinea cruris infections. PMID- 7216599 TI - Lipoid proteinosis. PMID- 7216600 TI - Impact monitoring of residues in tomato. AB - Residues of methyl parathion, malathion and fenitrothion were determined in tomato fruits using gas--liquid chromatography. The decline of residues was followed for 14 days. Residues were well below the tolerance limits after 3 days from spraying and show less persistence in the environment. Based on the studies a waiting period is suggested. PMID- 7216601 TI - Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein changes in obesity after a short-term fast. AB - Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were measured in 16 obese female subjects before and after a short-term fast of four days. The mean body weight loss was 2.9 +/- 0.8 kg. Serum triglycerides decreased, serum, LDL, and HDL cholesterol increased significantly. Furthermore there was a significant reduction of the serum apolipoprotein B concentration, while apolipoprotein A I did not change. The atherogenic ratio apo B/apo A I were significantly lowered by the fasting period. PMID- 7216602 TI - Teenagers' perceptions of fat and slim people. AB - One-hundred and thirty-eight 16-year-olds rated each of six stimulus figures: 'Fat young man', 'Fat young woman', 'Slim young man', 'Slim young woman', 'Me now', 'Me as I would like to be', on 28 seven-point personal rating scales. Principal component analyses derived one major and two minor components. Inspection of the major General evaluation component showed that the fat figures were negatively evaluated, and the slim figures positively evaluated. The students perceived themselves to be between these two extremes, but aspired more towards the slim figures. Differences between the perceptions of male female subjects and between those of Australian and European migrant parentage were also observed, particularly in relation to the minor components. The results indicate that stereotypes of obese and slim individuals are related to the sex, ethnicity and self-concepts of the perceiver. PMID- 7216605 TI - Locus of control as a predictor of attendance and success in the management of obesity. AB - For subjects attending a suburban self-help weight reduction program, successful weight reduction was associated with a relatively more 'internal' score. Although it may be expecting too much of the locus of control construct to provide confirmation of an overall theoretical basis or understanding to obesity, it would appear to warrant further evaluation with specific groups of obese subjects undergoing different weight reduction programs. PMID- 7216604 TI - Patient motivation and predicting outcome in a hospital obesity clinic. AB - One hundred and thirty-two women consecutively referred to a hospital obesity clinic were studied. Only 31 per cent attended for a year or more. The mean weight loss achieved by the 88 women who lost weight was 6.7 kg. The principal reason and degree of motivation for losing weight were not related to either the weight loss or the length of attendance. The initial anticipated rate of weight loss (AROWL) was of no predictive value, though this was influenced because all patients were given a 'realistic' AROWL at their first clinic visit. These results suggest that although specialist clinics may have a specific role to play, at present, obesity is a problem best dealth with on a community basis. PMID- 7216603 TI - The effect of addition of exercise to a regime of dietary restriction on weight loss, nitrogen balance, resting metabolic rate and spontaneous physical activity in three obese women in a metabolic ward. AB - Three obese women were studied for periods of 12-13 weeks while on a constant reducing diet (800 kcal/day) in a metabolic ward. Body weight and nitrogen balance were measured throughout the study and patients kept continuous diary card records of their physical activity. Fasting resting metabolic (BMR) was measured twice weekly using a ventilated hood apparatus. Each patient acted as her own control by alternatively exercising (2 h/d on a bicycle ergometer) or not exercising for consecutive 3-4 week periods. Rate of weight loss was not increased by this level of exercise over the 3-4 week periods. This surprising result could not be explained by a decreased nitrogen loss since nitrogen balance was not significantly affected by the exercise, not could it be explained by a compensatory decrease in subsequent energy expenditure since BMR and spontaneous activity was not measurably affected by the exercise. However, since exercise increases muscle glycogen stores it may have been this effect which negated the expected increase in weight loss during ther exercise programme. PMID- 7216606 TI - The treatment of obesity with a new liquid formula diet. AB - The effect of a liquid formula diet (330 kcal) was studied in 23 moderately obese male and female patients at the hospital outpatient clinic. All subjects had a Quetelet index of at least 285 at entry. The patients (60.8 per cent) who appeared to adhere to the diet for a 4-week period had a mean loss of 7.9 kg (men) and 5.2 kg (women). Over the 8 weeks of the study, nine (19.1 per cent) patients continued to attend the clinic, with further weight loss. No serious adverse effects of treatment were recorded. PMID- 7216607 TI - Oxygen consumption by Zucker obese rats, obese yellow mice, and obese hyperglycemic mice with body protein used for metabolic mass. AB - Oxygen consumption was determined in three varieties of genetically-obese rodents and their lean littermates; the Zucker obese rat (fa/fa), the obese hyperglycemic mouse (ob/ob), and the yellow obese mouse (Ay/a). Values were expressed with both live body weight and total body protein as the unit of metabolic body size. When oxygen consumptions were expressed on the basis of live body weight, all three obese varieties exhibited lower values than their age-matched non-obese littermates. When values of oxygen consumption were expressed with total body protein as the unit of metabolic size, only the ob/ob mice had lower oxygen consumptions than their non-ob/ob littermates. The fa/fa rats and the Ay/a mice had similar values of oxygen consumption as their non-obese controls. Much better correlations between whole-animal resting oxygen consumption, reported values of maintenance energy requirements, and tissue oxygen consumption are obtained when body protein content rather than live body weight is used as the unit of metabolic mass. PMID- 7216608 TI - Evaluation and component analysis of a comprehensive weight control program. AB - The long-term effectiveness of a four-week comprehensive dietary-behavioral weight control program was evaluated. Program components included a 700 kcal diet, nutritional education, medical and health education, behavior modification, and physical activity and exercise. Mean weight loss 12 months after treatment was 29.2 lb (13.2 kg) with 66 percent of patients losing 20 lb (9.1 kg) or more, 45 percent losing 30 lb (13.6 kg) or more and 29 percent losing 40 lb (18.1 kg) or more. These weight losses are higher than those generally reported for either behavioral or non-behavioral treatments. Comparison of successful versus unsuccessful patients revealed that exercise, cognitive restructuring, eating style, and social skills were most related to success. PMID- 7216609 TI - Comparison of self-reported height and weight with controlled height and weight in women and men. AB - Self-reported height and weight were compared with directly-measured controlled height and weight in 158 women with a median age of 34 years (16-62 years) and in 594 men with a median age of 37 (16-66 years). A model of two one-dimensional linear regressions with two independent variables was used in order to describe the combined influence of both controlled height and controlled weight on self reported height and on self-reported weight. For both sexes there was a systematic tendency for tall and heavy persons to underestimate their height and weight and conversely for small and thin persons to overestimate these measurements. The influence of controlled weight on self-reported height was statistically significant (women: P less than 0.05; men: P approximately 0.05,) and so was the influence of controlled height on self-reported weight (women: P less than 0.002; men: P less than 0.001). The reported heights and weights of women and men converged towards a pair of desired measures for each sex, ie the values of height and weight for which the reported and the controlled values were identical. For women the desired measures were 159.6 cm and 45.2 kg, for men 176.7 cm and 68.9 kg. The demonstrated differences between self-reported and controlled body measures may invalidate data and conclusions of insurance studies and population surveys based on self-reported measures. PMID- 7216610 TI - Glomerular filtration rate after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. AB - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), concentration of total cortisol in plasma, and urinary excretion rate of free cortisol were determined in five females 1-5 years after jejunoileal bypass operation for obesity. The overweight of the patients had decreased from 97 per cent (range 82-147 per cent) to 25 per cent (range 0-39 per cent). The measured values were compared to previously published results in 16 female obese patients (median overweight 86 per cent) and in 16 female controls with normal body weight, all comparable with respect to age and height. Median GFR in the jejunoileal bypass patients (100 ml/min) was significantly (P less than 0.006) decreased compared to median GFR in the obese patients (129 ml/min), but did not differ significantly from that in the controls with normal body weight (104 ml/min). The median values of plasma cortisol and urinary excretion rate of free cortisol in the bypass patients were lower than those in the obese females, but the differences were not significant. The present results suggest that the increased GFR in obese subjects is related to the state of obesity. PMID- 7216611 TI - Ribonuclease inhibitor from bovine brain. AB - A ribonuclease inhibitor from bovine brain has been purified 27 000-fold by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-RNase A with an overall yield of 46% (ca. 0.4 mg/kg tissue). The purified inhibitor gives a single band by SDS-gel electrophoresis. By gel filtration the molecular weight is ca. 50 000; the molecular weight of the complex with bovine pancreatic RNase A is ca. 62 000, indicative of 1:1 binding on a molar basis. The inhibition of the action of RNase A on yeast RNA by the inhibitor is noncompetitive with a Ki of 7 x 10(-10) M. The protein is very similar in its properties, including amino acid composition, to the inhibitor previously isolated from human placenta. The amount of inhibitor per g of protein in bovine brain is about one-seventh of the value for human placenta. No difference was found in the distribution of inhibitor between white and gray matter; one-tenth of the inhibitor present is bound to a brain ribonuclease which is released in active form after reaction with p hydroxymercuribenzoate. Essentially no free neutral ribonuclease activity could be detected in brain homogenates in the absence of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. PMID- 7216612 TI - Bidirectional synthesis of [5-aspartic acid] arginine vasopressin on poly-N acrylylpyrrolidine resin. AB - In the proposed biologically active conformation of vasopressin at its antidiuretic receptor, the side-chain carboxamide moiety of the 5-position asparaginyl residue has been suggested to be an active element for the initiation of the antidiuretic response. [5-Aspartic acid] arginine vasopressin, the analog in which the -NH2 portion of the primary amide has been replaced by an -OH group, has been synthesized and tested for some of the pharmacological activities of vasopressin. The partially protected nonapeptide intermediate was assembled bidirectionally on a poly-N-acrylylpyrrolidine resin. The 6-position cysteinyl residue was attached to the resin via its side-chain through an S-carbamoyl linkage. First the COOH-terminus was extended by coupling with Pro-Arg(Tos)-Gly NH2, then the NH2-terminus was extended in a stepwise manner. [5-Aspartic acid] arginine vasopressin was found to possess 86.5 +/- 4.8 units/mg of antidiuretic potency, 17% of the parent hormone. In addition, the analog possesses rat pressor and rat uterotonic potencies of 6.93 +/- 0.15 and 0.38 +/- 0.03 units/mg, respectively. This result suggests that a carboxylic acid moiety on the 5 position aspartyl residue retains sufficient steric features and hydrophilicity in common with the carboxamide moiety present in the hormone to substitute for it as an active element at the antidiuretic receptor. PMID- 7216613 TI - Synthesis, pharmacological, conformational, and dynamic studies of the potent hormone antagonists [1-penicillamine, 4-threonine]-oxytocin and [1-penicillamine, 2-phenylalanine, 4-threonine]-oxytocin. Conformational and dynamic considerations in the design of antagonists. AB - The solid phase synthesis of [1-penicillamine, 4-threonine]-oxytocin and [1 penicillamine, 2-phenylalanine, 4-threonine]-oxytocin is reported. The two compounds have no in vitro milk ejecting activity and no in vivo or in vitro oxytocic activity, but both are potent antagonists in these three assay systems. In the in vitro oxytocic assay, [1-penicillamine, 4-threonine]- and [1 penicillamine, 2-phenylalanine, 4-threonine]-oxytocin have pA2 values of 7.55 +/- 0.04 and 7.67 +/- 0.02, respectively, and both inhibit the uterine contractile response to oxytocin in nonpregnant and pregnant rats. [1-Penicillamine, 2 phenylalanine, 4-threonine]-oxytocin has a weak antipressor activity and at high doses, consistently caused a weak and transient fall in blood pressure in the rat. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift parameters and spin lattice relaxation times (T1) indicate that these two new oxytocin antagonists have very similar conformation and dynamic properties to oxytocin inhibitors which have previously been examined. These results are discussed in terms of conformational and dynamic models of oxytocin antagonism at the uterus. It is suggested that conformational restrictions at the 2- and 4-positions of penicillamine-1 analogues of oxytocin are important to antagonist activity and potency. PMID- 7216614 TI - Design and synthesis of potent in vivo antagonists of oxytocin. AB - We have previously shown that the substitution of 8-ornithine and 2-O methyltyrosine alone and in combination in [1-deaminopenicillamine] oxytocin (dPOT) brought about enhancements in antagonistic potencies to responses to oxytocin in vivo. To explore the effects of these substitutions in analogs of dPOT containing larger alkyl substitutents on the beta carbon at position 1 and on the tyrosine residue at position two, the following six analogs were synthesized: [1-(beta-mercapto-beta, beta-diethylpropionic acid), 8-ornithine] vasotocin (1, dEt2OVT); (1-beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid), 8-ornithine] vasotocin (2, d(CH2)5OVT): [1-beta-mercapto-beta, beta diethylpropionic acid), 2-O-methyltyrosine, 8-ornithine]vasotocin [3, dEt2 Tyr(Me)OVT]; [1-(beta-mercapto-beta, beta-diethylpropionic acid), 2-O ethyltyrosine, 8-ornithine]vasotocin [4, dEt2 Tyr(Et)OVT]; [1-beta-mercapto beta', beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid), 2-O-methyltyrosine, 8 ornithine]vasotocin [5, d(CH2)5 Tyr(me)OVT]: [1-beta-mercapto-beta, beta cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid), 2-O-methyltyrosine, 8-ornithine]vasotocin [6,d(CH2)5 Tyr(Et)OVT]. The required protected intermediates were synthesized by a combination of solid-phase synthesis and by individual 8 + 1 couplings in solution. All six analogs antagonize the actions of oxytocin on the rat uterus in the absence of Mg2+, in the presence of 0.5 mM Mg2+ and in situ. They also antagonize milk ejection responses to oxytocin, and the vasopressor responses to arginine vasopressin, and all have very low antidiuretic activities. With pA2 values of 7.35 +/- 0.08 and 7.37 +/- 0.17, respectively, compounds 3 and 5 are the two most potent in vivo antagonists of oxytocin reported to date. PMID- 7216615 TI - 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl (Npys) group. A novel selective protecting group which can be activated for peptide bond formation. AB - The novel 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl (Npys) group, which is useful for the protection and the activation of amino and hydroxyl groups for peptide synthesis, is reported. The Npys group is readily introduced by treatment of amino acids with 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl chloride. The Npys group is easily removed by treatment with very dilute HCl, e.g. 0.1-0.2 N HCl in dioxane, but is is resistant to trifluoroacetic acid and 88% formic acid. Npys is also selectively removed under neutral conditions using triphenylphosphine or 2-pyridinethiol 1 oxide without affecting benzyloxycarbonyl (Z), tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), 2-(4 biphenylyl)propyl(2)oxycarbonyl (Bpoc), 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc), benzyl (Bzl) or tert-butyl (tBu) protecting groups. The N-Npys and O-Npys groups when activated in the presence of RCOOH by the addition of tertiary phosphine form peptide or ester bonds via oxidation-reduction condensation. The important features of the Npys group are demonstrated through the synthesis of peptides in solution and by solid phase methodology without a formal deprotection procedure. In solid phase synthesis, 4-(Npys-oxymethyl) phenylacetic acid is used as the key intermediate for the introduction of the trifluoroacetic acid resistant 4 (oxymethyl) phenylacetamido linking group to the resin. PMID- 7216616 TI - Photolabile multi-detachable p-alkoxybenzyl alcohol resin supports for peptide fragment or semi-synthesis. AB - Two photolabile multi-detachable alkoxybenzyl alcohol resins, 2-[4 (oxymethyl)phenoxy]propionyl-resin 4 and 4-[4-(oxymethyl)phenoxymethyl]-3 nitrobenzamidomethyl-resin 5 have been synthesized. Bpoc-peptide attached to resin 4 or 5 when treated with 50% trifluoroacetic acid provided the free, unprotected peptide, but on photolysis gave Bpoc-peptide p-hydroxybenzyl ester. Removal of the p-hydroxybenzyl ester in aqueous base or by oxidative work up gave a protected Bpoc-peptide suitable for fragment synthesis at its C-terminus. However, methylation of the ester to Bpoc-peptide p-methoxybenzyl ester followed by removal of the Bpoc-group gave a protected peptide p-methoxybenzyl ester suitable for fragment coupling at its N-terminus. The efficacies of these resins were evaluated in the syntheses of a model tetrapeptide and an octapeptide by using N alpha-Bpoc-, Fmoc- and Nps-amino acids. The use of 2-thiopyridine with pyridinium hydrochloride as a new and efficient thiolytic reagent for the deprotection of the Nps-group was studied. PMID- 7216617 TI - Studies on peptides. XCVIII. Synthesis of a wasp venom, Polistes mastoparan. AB - The tetradecapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of a wasp venom (polistes mastoparan), isolated from Polistes jadwagae, was synthesized using the trifluoroacetic acid-thioanisole deprotecting procedure. PMID- 7216618 TI - Enzyme-catalyzed formation of semisynthetic staphylococcal nuclease using a new synthetic fragment, [48-glycine]synthetic-(6-49). AB - While trypsin can catalyze resynthesis of the peptide bond between fragments in the noncovalent complex of nuclease-T-(6-48) and nuclease-T-(49-149), this reaction leads to excision of Lys 49 and formation of inactive [des Lys 49] nuclease-(6-149). To provide a method for making active active covalent semisynthetic nuclease, we chemically synthesized the fragment of residues 6 to 49 in which lysine 48 was replaced by glycine. This peptide was made using the recently described solid phase support, 4-(oxymethyl)phenylacetamidomethyl polystyrene. The resultant crude polypeptide exhibited 30-50% of native nuclease T enzymatic activity when added to native nuclease-T-(50-149). When the non covalent complex formed by native nuclease-T-(50-149) and a 10-fold molar excess of [Gly 48]synthetic-(6-49) was equilibrated with trypsin in 90% glycerol, an increase in enzymatic activity from 8 to 32% (versus nuclease) was observed. Simultaneously, approximately 20% conversion of nuclease-T-(50-149) to nuclease molecular weight material was observed by gel electrophoretic analysis. These data indicate that a covalent semisynthetic species is formed with activity about equal to that of native nuclease. The results confirm the importance of loop integrity on catalytic site organization. The Gly-48-containing fragment system defined above can allow preparation of semisynthetic nuclease sequence analogs. PMID- 7216619 TI - Bovine prothrombin fragment 1, segment 1-10. Synthesis and immunological investigation. AB - The N-terminal decapeptide methyl ester, H-Ala-Asn-Lys-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gla-Gla-Val Arg-OCH3 (16) of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 has been prepared by standard solution techniques, via a fragment coupling strategy. Hexapeptide Boc-Ala-Asn Lys epsilon (Boc)-Gly-Phe-Leu-OBzl (9) was obtained by coupling Boc-Ala-Asn-Lys epsilon (Boc)Gly-OH (6) to the trifluoroacetate salt of H-Phe-Leu-OBzl (8). Hydrogenolysis of (9) followed by coupling to HCl. H-Gla gamma (OtBu)2-Gla gamma (OtBu)2-Val-Arg(HCl)-OCH3 (14) gave the fully protected decapeptide (15). Treatment of 15 with 90% trifluoroacetic acid followed by ion exchange chromatography of 15 yielded the methyl ester (16). The decapeptide 16 labeled with 125I using the Bolton-Hunter reagent, did not bind to antibodies specific for the calcium ion-induced conformation of bovine fragment 1. PMID- 7216622 TI - Comparison of stereospecific conformations for threo and erythro beta-hydroxy-N acetyl-tryptophanamide. AB - Different isomers of beta-hydroxy-N-acetyl-tryptophanamide are obtained depending upon the preparative route. The threo (from enzymatic oxidation) and erythro (from synthetic reduction) forms are distinguished further by their conformation, particularly by the severely restricted rotation about the C beta-C gamma bond, which appears to be independent of the presence of the hydroxyl group on C beta. The torsional angle X21 about the C beta-C gamma bond is + 112 degrees for the threo molecule and -3 degrees for the erythro molecule. Threo-beta-hydroxy-N acetyl-L-tryptophanamide (C13H15N3O3) crystallizes in space group P21 with cell parameters a = 13.572(4) A, b = 6.296(1) A, c = 13.796(4) A and beta = 148.10(2) degrees. Erythro-beta-hydroxy-N-acetyl-DL-tryptophanamide (C13H15N3O3.1/2C6H6) crystallizes in space group P21/c with cell parameters a = 23.178(15) A, b = 7.202(3) A, c = 9.218(4) A and beta = 91.13(5) degrees. PMID- 7216620 TI - N.M.R. and equilibrium dialysis studies of the interaction of bovine neurophysin 1 with vasopressin and small peptides. AB - The binding to bovine neurophysin of lysine-vasopressin and of lysine-vasopressin selectively deuterated at the protons ortho to the tyrosine hydroxyl was studied by proton n.m.r. and equilibrium dialysis. The principal object of these studies was to investigate reports that, at standard salt concentrations, neurophysin contained a second site specific for vasopressin. At pH 6, the effects of neurophysin-I on the line-width, longitudinal relaxation rate and nuclear Overhauser properties of the lysine-vasopressin tyrosine ring protons were interpretable in terms of a slow-exchange 1:1 interaction between lysine vasopressin and neurophysin. Additionally, n.m.r. competition studies between lysine-vasopressin and L-phenylalanyl-L tyrosinamide suggested 1:1 competition for a single binding site on neurophysin. No evidence pointing to a significant second lysine-vasopressin-binding site was obtained from the n.m.r. studies. The lack of a moderately strong second binding site for lysine-vasopressin at neutral pH was also indicated by equilibrium dialysis studies at relatively high free hormone concentrations. These studies demonstrated only a single thermodynamically significant site for either oxytocin or vasopressin and failed to confirm a reported effect of LiCl on the number of sites available to oxytocin. It is suggested that secondary sites for the hormones are probably markedly weaker and less specific than reported elsewhere. PMID- 7216623 TI - Stopped-flow investigation of nitrated bovine neurophysin monomer binding to oxytocin. AB - By use of stopped-flow kinetic data, we have measured the kinetics of mononitrated neurophysin I monomer binding to oxytocin. The association constant was 1.3(+/-0.3) x 10(5) M-1s-1 and the dissociation rate constant was 2.0(+/ 0.5)s-1 for protonated oxytocin binding. Both rates are significantly slower than those observed for neurophysin dimer. These data suggest that the binding process by which the monomer binds oxytocin is not identical to that of dimer. PMID- 7216624 TI - Degradation of enkephalin and enkephalinamide by neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells as studied by 13C n.m.r. AB - 13C n.m.r. and thin-layer chromatography were used to monitor the degradation of methionine-enkephalinamide in the presence of neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells (NG 108-15) and membranes. Puromycin and trypsin treatment failed to protect enkephalinamide from degradation over long periods of time (up to 24 hours). The major degradation products of [3[2-13C]glycine] methionine-enkephalinamide observed by 13 C n.m.r. showed glycine-3 in a non-terminal position, an N terminal position and free glycine. A minor component showed glycine-3 in a C terminal position. PMID- 7216627 TI - Changing concepts in glaucoma. PMID- 7216621 TI - Lactam restriction of peptide conformation in cyclic hexapeptides which alter rumen fermentation. AB - gamma, delta- and epsilon-lactam containing cyclic hexapeptide analogs of cyclo (Ala-Sar)3 have been prepared by cyclotrimerization. The analogs are covalently bridged between the methyl groups of the alanine and sarcosine residues. Only the delta-lactam of the S configuration shows the same ability as cyclo-(Ala-Sar)3 to inhibit methane production in the fermentation in rumen stomach fluid. The lactam rings of different size therefore offer a sensitive probe of the bioactive conformation of a peptide. PMID- 7216625 TI - A long term study of low concentration guanethidine and adrenaline therapy in glaucoma. AB - A long term study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of combined guanethidine (1%) and adrenaline (0.05-0.5%) therapy in controlling intra-ocular pressure in 89 patients with chronic open angle glaucoma, in whom ocular tensions proved difficult to control on miotics and/or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Visual acuity, fields of vision, applanation tension, size of the pupil, anterior chamber depth and gonioscopic examination of the angle were recorded before and during treatment. The follow-up extended over a period of 12 to 42 months, the mean being 28 months. The combined therapy was found to lower the intra-ocular pressure significantly in a large number of patients and the most potent combination was guanethidine 1% and adrenaline 1/4% and the average fall of intraocular pressure with the combined therapy was around 8 mm Hg. Intolerance to the combined preparation was noticed in three patients during a period of 12-18 months with the symptoms of sore eyes, conjunctival hyperaemia and lid irritation of such severity that the treatment had to be withdrawn. Resistant to treatment developed in four patients during a period of 12-36 months and treatment had to be changed. Addition to guanethidine (1%) and adrenaline up to 1/4% to pilocarpine therapy (2-4%) in eyes with narrow angles did not result in any appreciable change of the width of the angle, the size of the pupil and the depth of the anterior chamber. PMID- 7216626 TI - Effects of timolol on corneal sensitivity and tear production. AB - A double-masked study was carried out to assess the effect of timolol ophthalmic solution on corneal sensitivity in seven normal volunteers. No significant change in corneal sensitivity was demonstrated during four weeks of timolol administration. Corneal sensitivity was determined in two age-matched groups, one comprising 27 glaucomatous patients on timolol therapy for at least three months and the other consisting of 24 normal individuals who had never been on any beta blocking agents. No significant difference in corneal sensitivity was noted between the two groups. The tear production was determined by means of the Schirmer test I in 15 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension prior to and during timolol therapy of 13 months duration. No significant change in tear production was noted. PMID- 7216628 TI - Correlations between intraocular pressure, visual field and visual acuity, based on 11 years of observations of treated chronic glaucomas. AB - In a retrospective study of 114 patients under treatment for chronic glaucoma (81 without and 33 with visual field defect) over an 11-year period of observation, a highly significant correlation between intraocular pressure and progression of visual field defects could be demonstrated. This correlation could be shown for the visual field outer boundary in 81 eyes with ocular hypertension and for typical visual field defects in 33 eyes with chronic glaucoma. The relationship was, however, only significant when both the standard deviation of the annual intraocular pressure and the influence of cataract development upon visual acuity were considered. Quantitative analysis of the results of Goldmann perimetry was by planimetry and took into account only changes during the 11-year observation period. PMID- 7216629 TI - Ophthalmological aspects of chronic CS2 intoxication. AB - As a pilot study preliminary to a large scale survey on chronic CS2 toxicity 30 workers of a viscose rayon industry in Belgium have been examined. Twenty of them were working in the xanthation spinning department where chronic CS2 intoxication is more likely to occur and ten controls were chosen form the supposedly safe bleaching division. Ophthalmological evaluation included visual fields, coulour vision testing, fluoro-angiography, ERG and EOG. In both groups fundus anomalies, abnormal EOG's and subnormal or supranormal ERG's were found. The fundus anomalies consisted either of discrete pigmentary changes in the posterior pole or microvascular retinal lesions. PMID- 7216630 TI - Psychoanalysis of multiple personality. PMID- 7216631 TI - Some reflections on a case of mother/adolescent son incest. AB - A rare case of mother/adolescent son incest is presented. The son, treated in analysis, was not psychotic. Questions are raised about why father/daughter incest appears to be much more common than mother/son incest. Part of the answer, I speculate, has to do with the special psychic dangers for both mother and son, perhaps phylogenetically-based, which attach to the fantasy and the possibility of impregnating the mother. Where the incest taboo is violated, the primary responsibility would appear to be the parent's; the parent is frequently motivated by a compulsion to repeat his or her own incestuous past. In the case presented the probably psychotic mother had raised her son to look like a girl for several years, and he had been the victim of a homosexual assault at the age of 6. The incest at puberty seems to have helped him reverse a psychic position of subjection to the pre-oedipal mother, to have modified his rage and reinforced his masculinity. It also produced some of the arrogance, alongside a need for failure and punishment that evoke the legend of Oedipus. The mother, fearful of the possibility of getting pregnant, had abruptly stopped the incest. It had been repressed, and became conscious again when the son entered analysis. He then left his treatment without being able to work through much of the terror consequent to the consummation of incest, and with some of the feeling of oedipal triumph retained. PMID- 7216632 TI - Current controversy in object relations theory as outgrowth of a schism between Klein and Fairbairn. AB - The paper examines the controversy in object relations theory between Kernberg and Kohut from two vantage points, one historical and the other contemporary. By striving to be critically equidistant from both theories we hope to avoid either or thinking and to address larger questions about the state of object relations theory. Historically the controversy reincarnates a seemingly forgotten schism between Klein and Fairbairn from the preceding psychoanalytic generation. First Klein and now Kernberg has contributed to our understanding of developmentally and pathologically primitive states characterized by absence of integration, incompleteness of self-object differentiation, and prominence of aggression. In so doing they fail to make sufficient distinctions between the neonatal psyche, the more mature psyche, and the neurotic and psychotic psychic apparatuses. First Fairbairn and now Kohut has brought to our attention the importance of the pre object relationship in early development and primitive psychopathology, but neither has conceptualized meaningful psychic events prior to subjective integration. Their theories, like those of Klein and Kernberg, also condense more and less well differentiated phases of development. For example, Kohut postulates completely separate development of the self and of object relations. The polarization of the current controversy need not force us to choose between theories. We might better aspire to a more comprehensive theory which includes elements from each but which makes clearer distinctions between normal development, pathological development, normal adult functioning and adult psychopathology. PMID- 7216633 TI - Mirroring in the analysis of an artist. AB - A patient, a young woman artist, once remarked, 'I am always looking in the mirror and that's why I can't paint'. Miranda in W. H. Auden's The Sea and the Mirror said, 'My dear one is mine as mirrors are lonely'. Both these quotations refer to the wish to be free from the residual derivations of infantile mirroring which Winnicott defined by saying that the mother's face is the child's natural mirror; a young girl, when she has recourse to the glass mirror, is reassuring herself that the mother-image is there. The paper traces the connexions between mirroring and a painter's stated personal dilemma of knowing that looking in the mirror was an alternative to being able to paint and yet of needing to look in the mirror to reassure herself. To have framed that dilemma had involved work to effect a shift from narcissism to reflective self-awareness. The theme of mirroring, as previously described by other clinicians, is enlarged upon to show how the painter's dilemma could be reconstructed in terms of the early mother child-mirror dissonances. The patient's experience of her self-image through painting began to become more accessible as an accompaniment to a move 'through the looking glass' into the mirror dialogue with her infantile mother-image. PMID- 7216634 TI - Effects of family constellation and dynamics on the form of the Oedipus complex. AB - The Oedipus complex take its particular form from a variety of sources- biological and environmental. This paper focuses on the role of the family constellation in imparting a specific form to this schemata, here described as a double Oedipus complex. Some of the relevant psychoanalytic literature is reviewed. It is suggested that such a configuration of the Oedipus complex may not in itself lead to a pathologic outcome. In the case history presented, specific characteristics of the patient's family are presumed to have been pathogenetic leading to the inadequate resolution of his Oedipus complex. Relevant aspects of the analytic process are discussed, in particular, the vicissitudes of the transferences. It is concluded that the schemata of the Oedipus complex is significantly modified by external circumstances, in this case by a special family constellation and its dynamics. PMID- 7216635 TI - On the genesis of narcissistic and phobic character formation in an adult patient: a developmental view. AB - A case has been presented in which early maternal failures reconstructed from separation-individuation subphase developments revealed a narcissistic alliance between the child and her parents. This alliance stood in the way of separation and individuation processes and blocked the expression of hostility. Identifications with the phobic mother prevented the ego from developing a signal function for anxiety. A maternal father, who in many ways counteracted the deficiencies of the mother, could only partially become the principal love object during the phallic and oedipal phases. A strong bisexual orientation prevented the full emergence of a feminine gender identity. Only after the narcissistic alliance emerged in transference and was given no gratification did phobic symptoms appear. The transference recapitulated a segment of the infantile neurosis in which phobia-proneness was held in check by the 'narcissistic alliance' between mother and daughter. PMID- 7216636 TI - Transference, real relationship and alliance. AB - The study of primitive patients, i.e. patients with borderline and narcissistic personality disorders, is utilized to examine the concepts of transference, the real relationship and therapeutic alliance in the treatment of all patients. Self object transferences are present in the psychoanalytic treatment of primitive as well as neurotic patients. In neurotic patients they form the silent stable framework upon which the neurotic dyadic and triadic transferences emerge. The complex meanings of the patient's real relationship with the analyst are explored. In primitive patients the real or objective qualities of the analyst are perceived after self-object transferences are established. These objective attributes are then available for internalization if they are deficient and needed by the patient. The mature therapeutic alliance derives from the resolution of self-object and neurotic transferences; it requires the patient's capacity to separate the personal or real relationship with the analyst from the transference. Although precursors are visible and utilized earlier, a mature therapeutic alliance is usually not present until the later phases in the analytic treatment of neurotic patients. The therapeutic alliance concept is examined from the vantage point of its tenuous existence in primitive patients, and its slow development in neurotics. Its confusion with self-object transferences is discussed and related in part to the analyst's need to utilize the therapeutic alliance concept to help him with his loneliness and aloneness in his analytic work. PMID- 7216637 TI - Glaucoma surgery. PMID- 7216639 TI - Management of primary angle-closure glaucoma. PMID- 7216638 TI - Vitrectomy for malignant (ciliary block) glaucomas. PMID- 7216640 TI - Laser iridotomy: current concepts in technique and safety. PMID- 7216641 TI - Anatomical landmarks in glaucoma surgery. PMID- 7216642 TI - Management of traumatic hyphema with glaucoma. PMID- 7216643 TI - Intraocular pressure reduction and regulation system. AB - The IOP reduction and regulation system performs certain specific functions: it can be used to lower (or raise) IOP in a controlled way; it responds rapidly to maintain a selectable, set, minimum IOP under variable flow demands; and it reduces the rapid dynamic increases in IOP resulting from loads applied to the eye. The system has been tested and evaluated in the laboratory with a small test chamber and excised animal eyes and subsequently with anesthetized live animals. The system has also had limited clinical use in selected patients. An expanded program of laboratory and clinical investigations is planned. PMID- 7216644 TI - The pediatric glaucomas. PMID- 7216645 TI - Limbal trephination: a twenty-year follow-up. AB - In this series the results of limbal trephination were excellent in patients over 35 years of age, particularly those in the 50 and older age group, with chronic open-angle and chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Results were poor in younger age groups and in those with secondary glaucoma, particularly when it was associated with inflammatory disease. PMID- 7216646 TI - Iridectomy with scleral cautery. AB - I have described modifications that have evolved over the years in doing iridectomy with cautery and have reviewed some of my experiences with the method. All filtering operations leave a great deal to be desired. Each technique has certain advantages and disadvantages. A great advantage of the cautery procedure is its safety and simplicity. It is as effective in lowering pressure as most other procedures. Even if the operation fails to control pressure, little harm is done to the eye, and it can be repeated. One of the great advances in management of open-angle glaucoma in recent years has been the adoption of stringent indications for surgery. Surgery should not be advised until a thorough trial of maximal medical therapy has been made. In many instances, however, the pendulum has been allowed to swing too far. When medical treatment has failed, and the patient is faced with progressive loss of vision if control of pressure is not achieved, the ophthalmic surgeon should resist the temptation to procrastinate. Surgery should be done promptly and deterioration should not be allowed to occur. Should a cataract occur, it can be removed. Endophthalmitis can be prevented or cured by antibiotic therapy. Although filtering operations leave a great deal to be desired, when effective, they will preserve a functioning optic nerve. PMID- 7216647 TI - Trabeculectomy. AB - In a critical review of trabeculectomy, some factors and steps that I consider important for its successful outcome are discussed. Trabeculectomy is a misnomer, because the success of this procedure does not depend on inclusion of trabecular meshwork or Schlemm's canal in the excised tissue. Furthermore, development of a conjunctival bleb is seen in most, if not all, eyes with successful trabeculectomy. Trabeculectomy is, then, a form of guarded filtering procedure. Several factors seem to determine the outcome of the final intraocular pressure control after trabeculectomy. In this study, intracameral air injection and gauging of the closure of the lamellar scleral flap according to an air test during trabeculectomy proved very useful in attaining optimal closure of the lamellar scleral flap. It was effective in preventing undesirable postoperative complications as well as in achieving a satisfactory success rate. Trabeculectomy, as reported by others, seems to be a remarkably successful and safe procedure. However, the results in aphakic glaucoma are disappointing. From all indications at the present time, trabeculectomy will stay with us as a primary procedure for open-angle and chronic angle-closure glaucomas in adult phakic eyes, although we do not yet know how many of the eyes with seemingly successful trabeculectomies will remain healthy in the future. PMID- 7216648 TI - Glaucoma treatment by trabecular tightening with the argon laser. PMID- 7216649 TI - Cataract extraction combined with limited thermal sclerostomy. PMID- 7216650 TI - Combined trabeculotomy and cataract extraction. PMID- 7216651 TI - Combined surgery for cataract and open-angle glaucoma. AB - Seventy-five percent of patients with open-angle glaucoma and cataract will not require medication at the 2-year period after a cyclodialysis canaliculo trabeculectomy cataract extraction; this is in contrast to simple cataract extraction, which has a success rate of approximately 12 percent. The absence of significant morbidity and the predictability of the procedure recommend it for all patients with open-angle glaucoma needing cataract extraction, not simply those with inadequate glaucoma control. PMID- 7216652 TI - Cyclocryotherapy for glaucoma. AB - CCT is a simple, noninvasive, short, ablative surgical procedure that has been effectively used to treat advanced uncontrolled glaucoma. A specific protocol is recommended and the rationale for strict adherence is presented. The long-term benefits of CCT in patients with open-angle glaucoma following cataract extraction have been well established. However, although patients with neovascular glaucoma may have adequate pressure control following CCT, the serious complications of progression to no light perception and phthisis bulbi have discouraged its use. CCT can be effective for neovascular glaucoma when other methods of surgical management prove unsuccessful and visual prognosis is very poor. The loss of functional vision occurred in fewer than 10 percent of eyes treated with CCT, and it is important to emphasize that only eyes with greatest risk and poorest prognosis were treated with this modality. CCT has become an important addition to the surgical armamentarium for the treatment of some specific types of glaucoma. PMID- 7216653 TI - Jejunoileal bypass for the treatment of morbid obesity. AB - With a reported mortality rate of less than 0.5%, and an immediate morbidity of 2% to 4%, jejunoileal bypass may result in a more significant weight loss than can be achieved with gastric bypass. Jejunoileal bypass cannot be outeaten, whereas gastric bypass can. Careful attention to preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative procedures will protect most jejunoileal bypass patients from both the side effects and complications of this surgical technique, allowing the morbidly obese to achieve the maximum benefit from intestinal bypass with fewer adverse results. PMID- 7216654 TI - The gastric bypass procedure in the treatment of morbid obesity. AB - Gastric bypass is an effective surgical procedure in the treatment of extreme obesity. A small gastric reservoir and a narrow anastomosis are combined to limit food intake. In patients with a mean weight of 94% above the Broca value, the normal weight is reached within 18 months after the operation. Failure to lose weight can be caused by technical errors during operation or by a continuous food intake after operation. Surgical complications are rare. The operative mortality is less than 1% and anastomotic ulcers occur in only 2% of cases. Unlike jejunoileal bypass, it causes no metabolic dysfunction. PMID- 7216656 TI - An antireflux system in end-to-side jejunoileal bypass for high degree obesity. PMID- 7216655 TI - Surgical treatment of morbid obesity. AB - The classical indications for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity is weight of at least 50% (males) and 80% (females) over the ideal body weight, in patients between 14 and 55 years of age. These limits are now being extended both to less overweight patients and to patients over 55 years of age. Jejunoileal bypass is the treatment of choice for severely overweight patients in good general condition, allowing them to continue with their eating habits. Gastric bypass is indicated in elderly patients or in patients with previous liver diseases. It should not be performed in younger patients because of the irreversibility of the procedure. A careful postoperative long-term follow-up is necessary to prevent the complications associated with each type of operation. PMID- 7216657 TI - Tuberculosis after intestinal bypass for morbid obesity. AB - Tuberculosis of organs other than the lung may occur after an intestinal bypass operation for morbid obesity, with an incidence varying from 1% to 4%, a value rather higher than that of the general population. As its clinical symptoms (fever and chills, abundant sweating and an increase or return of weight loss) appear during the period of greatest weight loss, it is probably caused by malnutrition and malabsorption. In most cases lymphadenopathy (usually cervical) also appears. Tuberculosis occurring after bypass operation should be treated with the classic antitubercular therapy; this always results in recovery if the disease is diagnosed in time. PMID- 7216658 TI - Arterialization of the liver after portacaval shunt in the rabbit. AB - Arterialization of the hepatic end of the portal vein after portacaval shunt was studied in the rabbit in order to evaluate clinical, metabolic, and histologic modifications compared with portacaval shunt alone. The mortality rate of arterialized rabbits diminished considerably at the 45th postoperative day, preoperative body weight was regained and there was significant liver weight/body weight ratio difference with both sham operated and portacaval shunted rabbits (p less than or equal to 0.001). Furthermore, after arterialization, clinical examination, laboratory liver function tests and pathological studies were all near normal. Arterialization after portacaval shunt appears to be safe when flow through the arterioportal anastomosis is low. PMID- 7216659 TI - A study of twenty-three cases of postvasectomy sterility operated for recanalization. AB - Twenty-three patients with postvasectomy sterility underwent recanalization by means of various techniques. In most of the cases, the commonest reason for requesting recanalization was death of a male child and re-marriage. The majority of patients were farmers with a low economic status, and all were Hindus by caste. The interval between vasectomy and recanalization ranged from 3 to 48 weeks. The patients were aged between 22 and 40 years. Nine cases were successfully operated on (confirmed by presence of spermatozoa in postoperative semen analysis): out of ten operated on bilaterally by the end-to-end method with splint, five were cured (one pregnancy resulted). Both of the patients operated on by the double method (splinted end-to-end and side-to-side) were cured. One was operated on each side. One patient operated on unilaterally by the microsurgical technique was also cured, but another operated on by the telescopic method on one side and vasoepididymostomy on the other was lost to follow-up. 4-0 monofilament nylon was used in all splinted recanalizations, whereas in the one successful case treated by the bilateral end-to-end method, 5-0 chronic catgut was used as intravasal stent. The suture material used in all cases to approximate the vasal walls was 6-0 arterial silk under ophthalmic loupe magnification; seromuscular 3-4 interrupted sutures were used in 22 cases; in the one case operated on by the microsurgical method, 8-0 nylon was used. PMID- 7216660 TI - Melanoma of the iris: conservative or radical therapy? AB - A case of melanoma of the iris is reported. A simple enucleation of the eye was performed. The patient is alive 24 years after the operation. PMID- 7216661 TI - Penile revascularization for erectile disability. AB - Vascular obstruction as a presumed cause of erectile disability is well documented, both in the large hypogastric arteries and in the smaller internal pudendals and their branches to the penis. Diagnostic methods are currently adequate for demonstrating arterial insufficiency and, perhaps, venous insufficiency. The results of the author's nine cases are described, together with the results and description of various procedures done worldwide. PMID- 7216663 TI - Salmonella septic abortion. AB - Two cases of salmonella septic abortion are reported as unusual focal manifestations of salmonellosis. The possible route of infection and the guidelines for its management are discussed. PMID- 7216662 TI - Ischemia of the hand secondary to Gaisbock's syndrome. AB - A case of ischemia of the hand resulting from Gaisbock's syndrome (polycythemia and hypertension without splenomegaly) is reported. Treatment for this syndrome is essentially non-specific, such as losing weight and stopping smoking. PMID- 7216664 TI - Damage to the monkey retina by broad-spectrum fluorescent light. AB - Adult rhesus and pigtail monkeys were exposed to a uniform field of light from daylight fluorescent lamps to determine the initial site and characteristics of structural retinal damage induced by continuous exposure and the threshold intensity required to produce the effects. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the initial site of damage is the photoreceptor outer segments. Damage remained restricted to the outer segments at intensities as high as 24,700 lux and with 12 hr exposure periods repeated for up to 4 days. Rods were swollen at the distal tip and showed disc membrane separation. Come outer segments were affected at the proximal end with vesiculation and membrane rearrangement. The threshold intensity for morphological changes to comes in the macula for a single 12 hr exposure was between 195 and 361 mu W/cm2 at the retina (400 to 700 mm; uncorrected for ocular transmittance), whereas the threshold for changes in rods was higher, at between 361 and 615 mu W/cm2. These levels correspond to between 5900 and 10,800 lux (550 to 1000 ft-cd) for comes and 10,800 to 19,400 lux (1000 to 1800 ft-cd) for rods of monkeys with fully dilated pupils. The paramacular areas of the retina were less sensitive to damage than macular areas of the same animal. No paramacular changes were observed in animals exposed to 10,800 lux or less. The patched (control) eyes of each monkey remained structurally normal in both the macula and paramacula at all exposure levels. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of the adult primate retina to damage by relatively moderate levels of light. PMID- 7216665 TI - Prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis by microsomes of inflamed rabbit ciliary body--iris. AB - Microsomes of albino rabbit ciliary body--iris were prepared 6 hr, 24 hr, 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days after intravitreal injection of 10 micrograms of Shigella endotoxin. The microsomal preparations were incubated for 15 min with [1 14C]arachidonic acid. Prostaglandin and thromboxane products (cyclo-oxygenase products) were identified by thin-layer chromatography and quantified by scintillation counting. Synthesis of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2, PGD2, 6-keto PGF1 alpha (a stable metabolite of PGI2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) (a stable metabolite of TXA2) was increased 24 hr, 3 days, and 7 days after endotoxin injection. The greatest increase was in TXB2 synthesis. Cyclo-oxygenase product synthesis returned to normal levels by 28 days. Ciliary body--iris microsomes prepared 15 min after paracentesis synthesized increased amounts of all cyclo oxygenase products assayed, most notably TXB2 and PGE2. Ciliary body--iris microsomes from albino rabbit treated with topical 1% nitrogen mustard or pigmented rabbits treated with subcutaneous alpha-melanocyte--stimulating hormone (20 micrograms/kg) synthesized normal amounts of cyclo-oxygenase products. PMID- 7216666 TI - Transport and metabolism of pyridoxine in rabbit iris--ciliary body. AB - Isolated rabbit iris--ciliary body preparations were found to accumulate 3H pyridoxine by a mechanism that was time- and temperature-dependent, saturable in part, but not altered by omission of oxygen or specific ions. Tissue accumulation was only partially energy-dependent, and metabolic inhibitors had only small effects. Other B6 vitamers markedly blocked accumulation. Metabolism of 3H pyridoxine within the tissue was extensive. After 60 min incubation with 3H pyridoxine, about 65% of the radioactivity in the iris--ciliary body was associated with phosphorylated vitamers which did not efflux from the tissue as readily as did the nonphosphorylated forms. Unaltered pyridoxine accounted for only 16% of intracellular 3H-B6, and this did not represent accumulation against a concentration gradient. A similar saturable uptake process occurred in vivo. These data were consistent with the hypothesis that pyridoxine was accumulated by facilitated diffusion with intracellular trapping of phosphorylated metabolites. PMID- 7216667 TI - Inhibition of corneal deswelling during perfusion of fatty acids across the rabbit corneal endothelium. PMID- 7216669 TI - Lacrimal gland flow and potentials during dinitrophenol, ouabain, and ethacrynic acid perfusion. AB - Acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked flow from the main excretory duct as well as ACh induced secretory and resting membrane potentials from cells of the rabbit lacrimal gland were recorded during perfusion with inhibitors. During perfusion with 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), ouabain, or ethacrynic acid, ACh-induced flow was 5%, 20%, and 8% of control, respectively; ACh-induced hyperpolarizing secretory potential was 64%, 50%, and 63% of control, respectively; and the resting membrane potential was 79%, 64%, and 73% of control, respectively. Only during perfusion with ethacrynic acid was there a significant increase in the number of cells that did not respond to ACh with a change in potential. We have concluded that (1) ACh-induced secretion is highly dependent on oxidative metabolism and Na K ATPase; (2) ACh-induced hyperpolarization is dependent on changes in ionic permeabilities, Na-K ATPase, and to lesser extent oxidative metabolism; and (3) the resting membrane potential is much less dependent on oxidative metabolism and Na-K ATPase activity. PMID- 7216668 TI - The difficulty of determining the route of intraocular penetration of gentamicin after subconjunctival injection in the rabbit. AB - In small animals such as the rabbit the ratio of eye size to body size is much larger than it is in humans. Accordingly, periocular injection of antibodies in this animal model results in significantly higher serum concentrations than does a comparable does in a human. To assess the effect of the systemic drug component on ocular penetration, we compared the levels of gentamicin in ocular tissues and fluids of the rabbit following injection of 20 mg by subconjunctival or intramuscular routes. Blood levels of gentamicin were similar with the two routes of administration. In normal rabbit eyes, no antibiotic was detectable in the vitreous humor for the first 3 hr after either subconjunctival or intramuscular injection. By 6 hr, low vitreous levels of drug were detectable after subconjunctival, but not after intramuscular, injection. Because these concentrations were so close to the threshold of sensitivity of the assay, it was not clear that the difference between the routes was significant in normal eyes. In infected eyes, the concentrations of gentamicin in the vitreous were similar after subconjunctival and intramuscular injection. These data indicate that the penetration of gentamicin in to the infected vitreous humor of rabbits after subconjunctival injection could be attributed as well to hematogenous carriage as to direct penetration. The problem in distinguishing systemic from direct transport with periocular injections may be inherent in any small animal model in which the ratio of eye size to body size is high. PMID- 7216670 TI - Corneal epithelial basement membrane changes in diabetes. AB - The corneas of 12 eye donors with maturity-onset diabetes were obtained, and the corneal epithelial basement membranes were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Similar tissue was obtained from 12 nondiabetic eye donors who were matched for age (within 2 years) and race. The mean thickness of the corneal epithelial basement membrane in nondiabetic patients was 0.33 micrometer (+/- 0.11 S.D.), which gives a normal range of 0.11 to 0.55 micrometer. None of the nondiabetic basement membranes lay outside this range. The basement membranes of four of the 12 diabetics exceeded this thickness. No race or sex difference was seen in basement membrane thickness, nor was a clear trend seen with age. Multilaminated basement membranes were seen in eight diabetic patients and six nondiabetic patients. Multilamination was more clearly related to basement membrane thickness than to the presence or absence of diabetes. PMID- 7216671 TI - Effect of arachidonic acid on normal and dystrophic retinal pigment epithelium in tissue culture. AB - With carmine particles used as markers, no significant difference was observed between the phagocytic activity of 1- to 3-week-old confluent monolayer cultures of normal and dystrophic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells harvested from 1 day-old Royal College of Surgeons rats. The phagocytic activity of both normal and dystrophic RPE was markedly suppressed in a medium containing 1 mg/ml arachidonic acid (AA), and the cells rapidly assumed a rounded profile. With 100 micrograms/ml AA, the phagocytic activity of dystrophic RPE was differentially reduced compared with that of the normal sample (p greater than or equal to 0.001); this effect was subsequently accompanied by a gradual change in the shape of the cells. Lower concentrations of AA (5 microgram/ml and below) did not produce a significant effect in either group. PMID- 7216672 TI - The eyes of young chickens grow toward emmetropia. AB - The distribution of refractive errors was followed in chicks from hatching to 8 weeks of age. A dramatic progressive decrease in the variability of refractions was observed over this period. In addition, there appeared to be a parallel decline in hyperopia, even when the artifactual hyperopia of retinoscopy was taken into account. These results are evidence for a postnatal development regulatory mechanisms, most likely dependent on vision, which directs growth of the eye toward emmetropia. PMID- 7216673 TI - Emmetropization: a vision-dependent phenomenon. AB - Anomalous visual experience during development has been shown to induce myopia in several species of animals. A retrospective analysis of refractive error among humans subjected to various ocular anomalies that disrupt pattern vision revealed a significant degree of myopia. This result suggests that emmetropization is a vision-dependent phenomenon. PMID- 7216674 TI - Is the pulsating vascular tree entoptic phenomenon an indicator of ophthalmic artery pressure? AB - The relation between the intraocular pressure (IOP) at which the pulsating vascular tree (PVT) entoptic phenomenon is first observed and the ophthalmic artery diastolic pressure measured by ophthalmoscopic examination of the central retinal artery was determined in 25 normal volunteers. The PVT entoptic phenomenon consists in perceiving black stripes in the shape of branches of a tree appearing and disappearing synchronously with each heartbeat when the intraocular pressure is increased. The average IOP at which the entoptic phenomenon was first observed was 51.4 +/- 7.5 mm Hg, and the average ophthalmic artery diastolic pressure was 51.8 +/- 7.5. The correlation coefficient between both sets of numbers was r = 0.97 (p less than 0.01). These results show that the ophthalmic artery diastolic pressure can be measured accurately with the perception of the PVT phenomenon as an end point. Because the perception of the phenomenon is not disturbed by ocular media opacities, this method enables the determination of the ophthalmic artery diastolic pressure in eyes where an ophthalmoscopic examination is not possible. PMID- 7216675 TI - Cell proliferation in response to vitreous hemoglobin. AB - Rabbits were examined at intervals to 90 days after receiving two or three intravitreal injections, on consecutive days, of homologous hemoglobin or saline. Cell proliferation in the vitreous was assessed by scintillation counting and radioautography after intravitreal administration of 3H-thymidine 4 hr prior to sacrifice. Two populations of vitreous cells phagocytize the vitreous hemoglobin and are stimulated to DNA synthesis. Cells that migrate into the vitreous in response to hemoglobin also contribute to total 3H-thymidine uptake. Tritiated thymidine incorporation peaks between 5 to 10 days and again between 22 to 30 days after the first administration of hemoglobin. By 45 to 60 days after two injections and 90 days after three injections the vitreous cell proliferative activity has returned to normal. It is concluded that a bleeding event which leads to the release of hemoglobin in the vitreous stimulates a minor, transient vitreous cell proliferation and a more significant, but also transient, migration of cells into the vitreous. Aside from contributing by phagocytosis to vitreal clearing, no other functions have been ascribed to these cells. PMID- 7216677 TI - Adrenergic drug effects on aqueous outflow facility following ciliary muscle retrodisplacement in the cynomolgus monkey. AB - Cynomolgus monkeys with untouched, totally iridectomized, or totally iridectomized and ciliary muscle-disinserted eyes underwent two-level constant pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber to determine the effect of intracameral mock aqueous humor, l-epinephrine bitartrate (10 microgram), l norepinephrine bitartrate (10 microgram), ergotamine tartrate (1 and 20 microgram), and angiotensin II amide (1 and 100 microgram) on total outflow facility. Ergotamine and angiotensin both tended to decrease facility. Epinephrine and norepinephrine significantly increased facility, approximately 25% and 40%, respectively, beyond the effect of mock aqueous in all three types of eyes. The percentage increases in facility produced by epinephrine and norepinephrine were virtually identical in disinserted and nondisinserted eyes and were independent of starting facility in the individual eyes. Our results prove that the epinephrine- and norepinephrine-induced facility increase in cynomolgus eyes is not mediated by the iris or ciliary muscle and suggest that the increase in total facility is due largely to increased facility across the trabecular meshwork. PMID- 7216676 TI - Retinal proliferation in response to vitreous hemoglobin or iron. AB - To examine the effects of blood components within the vitreous on proliferation by cells in the retina, homologous hemoglobin or FeSO4 was injected into the rabbit vitreous. Cells undergoing DNA synthesis were labeled by 3H-thymidine injected into the vitreous or into the circulation. Both hemoglobin and FeSO4 stimulate proliferation in cells throughout the retina. There are two periods of increased retinal labeling. The first occurs 3 to 4 days after first contact with the introduced agents, and the second occurs after 2 to 4 weeks. Analysis of movement of cells after hemoglobin injection suggests that many labeled cells seen in the retina in the early period of labeling migrate from the outer layers toward the vitreous. Other data indicate that many of these cells are of hematogenous origin. Labeled cells also enter the vitreous from the region of the ciliary processes at this time. During the second period of retinal labeling, many proliferating cells may pass in the opposite direction through the retina toward the choroid. The accumulated data imply that the rabbit retina does not act as barrier to transmigrating cells after vitreous injury. Intravitreal hemoglobin also promotes cell multiplication in cells of the pigmented epithelium and possibly in some populations of retinal glial cells. Since these cells have been identified within the vitreous in some pathologic conditions, their suggested ability to respond by proliferation to a hemoglobin stimulus implies that vitreous hemorrhage may aggravate these pathologies in part by promoting multiplication of invasive cells. PMID- 7216678 TI - Extraocular muscle forces in normal human subjects. AB - Actively developed horizontal muscle forces and tissue stiffnesses were measured in 29 normal orthophoric volunteer subjects (18 to 33 years old) by means of noninvasive length-tension forceps. Mean active fixation force developed at 50 deg extreme gaze was 26% greater for the medial rectus (74.8 gm) than for the lateral rectus (59.1 gm). The variation of maximum active force among individuals was 2:1 (48 to 103 gm). These muscles developed up to 25% of their maximum active force out of their field of action. Active (counter) hysteresis force differences of over 10 gm were measured between nasal and temporal gaze directions. This study suggests that a muscle which develops a maximum active force of less than 45 gm would be suspect as paretic. Variations from the normal pattern of reciprocal innervation, reflected in the graded active force of individual muscle contraction, may help in understanding some types of oculomotor pathology. The mean tissue stiffness-restraining movement of the globe in the nasal direction (1.05 gm/deg) is 11% greater than in the temporal direction (0.94 gm/deg). This is consistent with a stronger medial rectus balanced by a greater load. Variation of stiffness of 2:1 was observed among individuals; 0.8 to 1.7 gm/deg pulling nasally and 0.77 to 1.2 gm/deg temporally. Passive hysteresis and viscous force differences of over 10 gm were observed between the passive forced pull and normal spring-return of the eye. Large stiffnesses may be normal if balanced by large active forces. Abrupt changes of the length-tension curve indicate the magnitude and location of restrictions. PMID- 7216679 TI - Failure to preserve cortical binocularity in strabismic monkeys raised in a unidirectional visual environment. AB - It has been claimed that cortical binocularity can be preserved by raising exotropic kittens in a visual environment consisting of spatially periodic contours. We raised visually immature monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with prismatically or surgically induced horizontal and vertical strabismus in a visual environment consisting exclusively of vertical stripes. Electrophysiologic studies of the striate cortex yielded results that are comparable to those obtained in strabismic monkeys raised in an unrestricted visual environment. Thus we cannot confirm in strabismic monkeys that binocularly responding cortical neurons can be preserved by exposing the animals to a nonconflicting repetitive visual environment PMID- 7216680 TI - Photoreceptor characteristics in congenic strains of RCS rats. AB - Three congenic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) strains of rats have been developed: the RCS-p+ strain, which is a black-eyed dystrophic strain; the pink eyed RCS-rdy+ strain, which is wild-type (+/+) at the retinal dystrophy (rdy) genetic locus and serves as the control for the inbred, pink-eyed RCS strain; and the black-eyed RCS-rdy+p+ strain, which is +/+ at the rdy locus and serves as the control for the black-eyed RCS-p+ line. Several cytologic features of the photoreceptors were examined in the two control strains, including percentage of cone cells, rod outer segment lengths in different hemispheres of the eye and in different lighting conditions, rate of rod outer segment renewal, and the cyclic pattern of rod outer segment disc shedding. In the pink-eyed RCS-rdy+ strain these features were the same as those in previously described albino rat strains. Most of these features have not been described previously in fully pigmented rats. In the black-eyed RCS-rdy+p+ strain, rod outer segments in the superior eye hemisphere were about 50% longer than those in the inferior hemisphere. The rate of rod outer segment disc synthesis was the same in both hemispheres. Consequently, rod outer segment renewal time depended on outer segment length. This ranged from 9 to 10 days in the inferior hemisphere to 14.6 days in the superior hemisphere. PMID- 7216681 TI - RCS rat macrophages exhibit normal ROS phagocytosis. AB - Peritoneal macrophages from RCS rats exhibit phagocytic capability equal to that found in macrophages from normal strains of rat. The similarity in phagocytic activity was found with rat or bovine rod outer segments as well as with dystrophic retinal debris. Thus the genetic defect in RCS pigment epithelium is not expressed in the macrophages, which are available to clear the debris layer that accumulates in dystrophic RCS retinas. PMID- 7216683 TI - Tonometry in glaucomatous globes. AB - The Mackay-Marg, pneumatonograph, and EMT-20 tonometers were evaluated in the eyes of glaucomatous beagles. Tonometric scale readings were compared to the manometric recordings from the anterior chamber. Tonometry was performed with manometric system closed and open to the reservoir column. The Mackay-Marg tonometer evaluated in the closed and open manometric systems was highly reliable (goodness of fit [r2] = 0.852 and 0.816, respectively) with intraocular pressures up to 50 mm Hg and somewhat lower (r2 = 0.818 and 0.740, respectively) with intraocular pressures up to 100 mm Hg. The pneumatonograph also exhibited high reliability (r2 = 0.892 [closed] and 0.806 [open]) at pressures up to 50 mm Hg and (r2 = 0.796 [closed] and 0.75 [open]) at pressures up to 100 mm Hg. The EMT 20 tonometer was the least satisfactory for the glaucomatous globe, with r2 ranging from 0.235 to 0.654. PMID- 7216682 TI - Effects of singlet oxygen on human lens crystallins in vitro. AB - We have recently demonstrated that singlet oxygen-mediated photooxidation can cause an increase in blue fluorescence and covalent cross-linking in bovine lens crystallins in vitro. Because these changes closely parallel modifications known to occur in human crystallins during aging and cataractogenesis, it was suggested that singlet oxygen may play an important role in these processes in vivo. to confirm these results, obtained with photosensitizers free in solution, we now report results from experiments with a polymer-bound photosensitizer and with photophysically generated singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen photodynamically generated by polymer-immobilized rose bengal produced the following modifications to human lens crystallins in vitro: covalent cross-linking, increased blue fluorescence, yellow pigmentation, and formation of heavy-molecular-weight aggregates. Singlet oxygen generated photophysically was shown to cause an increase in blue fluorescence and covalent cross-linking in human crystallins. These findings substantiate the hypothesis that singlet oxygen may play an important role in the changes seen in human lens proteins during aging and cataractogenesis. PMID- 7216684 TI - The effect of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on corneal re epithelialization. AB - Topical 0.5% indomethacin, 0.01% flurbiprofen, 1% prednisolone acetate, 0.1% dexamethasone, or 0.1% fluorometholone pretreatment and daily instillation did not affect the course of re-epithelialization after partial corneal epithelial denudation. However, topical 1% prednisolone acetate, 0.1% dexamethasone, and 0.1% fluorometholone--but not 0.5% indomethacin and 0.01% flurbiprofen- significantly retarded re-epithelialization after complete corneal denudation. PMID- 7216685 TI - Visually evoked cortical potentials accompanying blinks. AB - Visual activity is initiated whenever there is a change in the light falling on the retinal receptors. In the present experiment, visually evoked cortical potentials, elicited by the light transients that accompany blinking, were recorded with an electrode array that minimized artifact pickup. Although these evoked potentials were roughly similar to those obtained by more conventional recording procedures, specific waveform features were observed. PMID- 7216686 TI - Amblyopic abnormality involves neural mechanisms concerned with movement processing. AB - In strabismic amblyopia the detection of apparent movement for counterphase gratings is considerably more impaired than the detection of pattern. No such anomaly is found for the detection of changes from a blank field when gradual or abrupt onsets or offsets of the temporal grating presentation are used. Similarly, normal peripheral vision is relatively poor in detecting alternation of spatial phase. It is concluded that the observed movement abnormality does not reflect a loss in sensitivity of transient mechanisms but rather a visual insensitivity to spatial phase. This would explain why perceptual distortions and low optotype acuity occur in amblyopes with normal contrast sensitivity. PMID- 7216687 TI - The minimum retinal irradiance required for viewing human fundi in indirect ophthalmoscopy. PMID- 7216688 TI - Cardiac function during left coronary arteriography in canines with ioxaglate, nonionic compounds, and diatrizoate. AB - The new contrast medium ioxaglate (P286) was compared with diatrizoate and the nonionic media metrizamide and C-29 regarding their effects on left ventricular pressure, the rate of rise in this pressure (dP/dt), stroke volume, peak aortic flow rate, and on the QT interval during left coronary arteriography in dogs. Ioxaglate and the nonionic compounds had significantly less effect on these parameters than diatrizoate. Contractility and QT time was least affected by the nonionic media, which have an osmolality similar to that of ioxaglate. This indicates that, in addition to osmolality, other properties of contrast solutions contribute to their toxic effects on the heart. Measuring contractility seems to be a more sensitive method in evaluating contrast media than measuring the performance of the heart as a pump. PMID- 7216689 TI - Spectral analysis of Lapine EEG: neurotoxicologic evaluation of new nonionic contrast media. AB - Effects of the injection of 0.25 ml of nonionic radiocontrast media (280 mg I/ml) and/or istonic and/or hypertonic mannitol into the subarachnoid space on the low frequencies (2--5 Hz) of the EEG were studied in nonanesthetized, curarized rabbits. Compared to the noninjected controls, mannitol did not cause any significant EEG spectrum shifts. P-297 and iopamidol caused a slight decrease in the energy content of the 2--5-Hz band, while DS-1-132 and the nonionic dimer ZK 32347 caused a moderate increase. Since an increase in the slow-wave component of the EEG indicates a pacemaking activity, while a decrease indicates stimulation or irritation, none of the tested nonionic media appear to be biological inert. In this test P-297, iopamidol, and DS-1-132 caused fewer disturbances than metrizamide. PMID- 7216690 TI - Pyelovenous and pyelolymphatic backflow during retrograde pyelography in renal vein thrombosis. AB - Pyelovenous and pyelolymphatic backflow have been observed during retrograde pyelography in three patients with renal vein thrombosis. The radiographic patterns of backflow following experimental unilateral renal vein occlusion in rabbits were analyzed and correlated with the clinical findings. Capsular, perihilar, periureteric, and retroperitoneal collateral vein networks and lymphatic channels were demonstrated on the venous occluded side. The appearance shown in the experimental study correlate well with the clinical observations. PMID- 7216691 TI - Glucocorticoid-induced elevations of C1-esterase inhibitor: a mechanism for protection against lethal dose range contrast challenge in rabbits. AB - Rabbits pretreated with methylprednisolone acquired significant protection against an intravenous challenge of meglumine iodipamide. In comparison to controls, the pretreated rabbits showed moderate elevations of Factor XII, and rather striking elevations of C1-esterase inhibitor. Treated rabbits also showed significantly less granulocytosis. It is believed that the protective effect can be ascribed to the modulation of acute phase reactants by increased concentrations of C1-esterase inhibitor. PMID- 7216692 TI - Use of thermography to predict intestinal viability and survival after ischemic injury: a blind experimental study. AB - Reactive hyperemia is a characteristic of viable ischemic tissue that has been revascularized. In 14 normal dogs, segments of bowel were made ischemic for periods of 2--8 hours. Thermograms and surface temperature measurements of exposed ischemic and nonischemic segments were obtained before and every 5 minutes for 30 minutes after revascularization. Thermograms demonstrated uniform reactive hyperemia throughout the segments ischemic for 2--3 hours; hyperemia with some nonuniform, patchy areas in segments ischemic for 3--7 hours; and no hyperemic response in segments ischemic for 8 hours. All five dogs demonstrating uniform hyperemia survived and the bowels were found to be histologically normal. Four of the six dogs showing hyperemia with some nonuniform areas survived, but all six showed areas of transmural damage with fibrosis and scarring histopathologically. The three dogs with no hyperemic response died of pathologically proved bowel infarction. Our results indicate that thermograms can document the degree and extent of reactive hyperemia. Thermograms, therefore, may be an important aid in assessing bowel viability during surgery. PMID- 7216693 TI - Sonographic manifestations of acute renal vein thrombosis: an experimental study. AB - Complete unilateral ligation of the renal vein was done in five adult mongrel dogs. An initial ultrasound examination was performed at 6 hours with serial scans every 12 hours until the animals died or were sacrificed. There were a number of sonographic findings, consisting of immediate renal enlargement, increased cortical thickness, sparsely distributed cortical echoes with increased transonance, indistinct cortico-medullary boundary, parenchymal anechoic areas due to hemorrhage and hemorrhagic infarct, compressed renal parenchyma appearing as echogenic clusters, dilated renal veins, and renal rupture. These findings corresponded to changes in the pathologic specimens and were dependent upon the duration of the venous occlusion. In patients clinically suspected to have renal vein thrombosis, the combination of the above-described sonographic findings supplemented with findings on excretory urography should be sufficient for the diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis, eliminating the need for invasive procedures. PMID- 7216694 TI - Dynamic computed tomography time--density study of normal human tissue after intravenous contrast administration. AB - Dynamic sequential 3-second CT scans of human abdominal organs were obtained after an intravenous bolus injection of diatrizoate. Time--density curves obtained from the renal cortex and medulla were compared with similar curves obtained from the aorta, inferior vena cava, muscle, and normal liver. CT scans revealed the changes in density produced by the contrast agent reflecting the differential phases of blood flow in the aorta and inferior vena cava. Changes in density in the liver, muscle, and the cortex and medulla of the kidney undoubtedly were related to vascular and extravascular contrast agent. Renal cortical density increased rapidly after bolus administration and peaked approximately 6 seconds after the peak in aortic contrast and slowly declined over the observation period. Renal medullary density increased slowly and at first remained significantly below the cortex but was slightly above cortical values after 30 seconds. These studies indicate that dynamic CT scanning is an effective way of monitoring the contrast media pharmacokinetics within tissue and that human renal function can be monitored and evaluated by using this technique. PMID- 7216695 TI - Biodistribution of a particulate hepatolienographic CT contrast agent: a study of iodipamide ethyl ester in the rat. AB - Particulate contrast agents have been shown to be efficacious in computerized tomographic detection of liver tumors. This article quantitatively defines the biodistribution of the experimental particulate agent iodipamide ethyl ester in the rat as a function of time after intravenous infusion. The contrast agent is actively accumulated in the liver and spleen with high selectivity compared to iodine concentrations in the blood or other organs. The contrast material remains at high concentration in the liver for more than 2 hours and then is slowly cleared from the organism in approximately two days. The high selectivity and retention of contrast in the liver are indicative of the value of particulate agents in contrast-enhanced computerized tomography. PMID- 7216696 TI - Urogranoic acid as a radiopaque additive to the cyanoacrylic adhesive in transcatheter obliteration of renal arteries. AB - The purpose of the investigation was to study the application of radiopaque materials to the tissue adhesive base of the ester of n-butylic-alpha cyanoacrylic acid for use in direct transcatheter renal artery obliteration. Lipiodol Ultra-fluid (Ethiodol) and urogranoic acid in quantities of 30--55% by weight of the adhesive were used as the radiopaque agents. The study was performed on seven dogs; obliterative material was administered through a telescopic, coaxial catheter system. Two dogs treated with the Lipiodol adhesive material died, which confirmed the inefficacy of Lipiodol for this purpose. In the other five dogs, treated by adding urogranoic acid to the adhesive, complete and permanent occlusion occurred and the adhesive remained radiopaque for 60--90 days. One of these dogs died of canine distemper infection. The complication of unpredictable embolization of the femoral artery appeared in a second dog. The same material has been used in two cases of nonoperative hypernephroma in humans. Permanent occlusion of the renal artery and elimination of hematuria were achieved. The obliterative material was sufficiently opaque for radiographic visualization. PMID- 7216697 TI - Experimental myocardial infarction in the closed-chest dog: a new technique. AB - The reliable and safe production of myocardial infarction in closed-chest animals is of paramount research interest. To date, the injection of particulate matter and the introduction of occlusive solid plugs have been described. Because of the limited size of the catheter, only small branches could be occluded, which resulted in a high incidence of mortality. A new simple technique is described that allows occlusion of a major coronary artery at a preselected site. An Ivalon (polyvinyl alcohol) plug compressed around the tip of an introducing wire is advanced through a selectively placed catheter into the coronary artery. It is felt in place for 5 minutes and assumes its original size upon contact with blood. Once the plug is re-expanded, the wire is withdrawn. The new technique was carried out successfully on nine dogs with no immediate fatality and myocardial infarction as demonstrated by cine ventriculography and histopathologic examination. PMID- 7216699 TI - Volumetric determination of placental and uterine growth relationships from B mode ultrasound by serial area-volume determinations. AB - Serial area-volume determinations may be made from B-mode ultrasonography. Multiple sonographic sections are taken through a structure of interest. The area of the structure of interest is determined on each sonographic section by a form of planimetry and multiplied by the step-interval to obtain the volume of the structure of interest between sonographic sections. The total volume of the structure of interest is the sum of the individual volumes. The volume is computed from both transverse and longitudinal images and an average obtained for improved accuracy. Total intrauterine volume and placental volume were determined by the serial area-volume method in 63 normal patients and the results were analyzed. Placental and total intrauterine volumes were also determined for five cases of intrauterine growth retardation. Although there is some error in the serial area-volume method, the initial evaluation of five cases with intrauterine growth retardation suggests a greater precision and accuracy than volume estimates based on prolate ellipsoid geometry. Placental volume may provide an acceptable parameter to screen for intrauterine growth retardation. PMID- 7216700 TI - Experimental renal papillary necrosis in rats: microangiographic and tubular micropuncture injection studies. AB - Proposed causes of renal papillary necrosis (RPN) include tubular toxicity due to hyperconcentration of toxins in the renal medulla and vasoconstriction of medullary vessels with ischemic necrosis. The authors studied these mechanisms in bromoethylamine hydrobromide-induced RPN in rats by microvascular and tubular micropuncture injection studies. During early stages of RPN, microvascular studies revealed reduced perfusion of vasa recta, and tubular injection studies showed unobstructed tubules and collecting ducts. In the late stage, medullary vascular obliteration and intratubular debris with tubular obstruction were seen. This evidence suggests that RPN in this model is initiated by vasoconstriction rather than direct tubular toxicity. PMID- 7216698 TI - Ultrasonography of blood during stasis and coagulation. AB - A series of in vitro and animal experiments were performed to determine ultrasonic features of blood during stasis and coagulation. Liquid whole blood became echogenic within a few seconds to 3 minutes following the onset of stasis. This occurred in citrated human blood allowed to stand and in occluded segments of vena cava and aorta of dogs. Mechanical agitation of the blood in stasis caused a disappearance of echoes. This echogenicity occurred with gray-scale and real-time ultrasonography using 7.5-mHz transducers, but was not observed with 3.5-mHz transducer used in real-time scanning. Whole blood clot was echogenic both with 7.5- and 3.5-mHz scanning. Fibrin clot was sonolucent. Echogenicity with stasis did not occur with plasma, serum, or packed erythrocytes. The development of echogenicity required the presence of fibrinogen or its products plus erythrocytes. The echogenicity of blood during stasis detectable by high frequency ultrasonography probably was related to physical layering of blood products. The disappearance of reflective echoes following agitation suggested that the layering could be readily disrupted. PMID- 7216701 TI - A thresholding for radionuclide angiocardiography. AB - A thresholding algorithm for nuclear angiocardiographic studies is presented. The algorithm is free of operator intervention. The threshold is defined on the basis of the distribution of picture elements with decreasing count rates during systole. The application is valid for first-pass and equilibrium ECG gated studies. Reproducibility by different operators with various degrees of experience is high; concordance of the results with those of contrast studies is within the published ranges. The method provides a reliable step in full automation and standardization of scintigraphic angiocardiographies. PMID- 7216703 TI - Digitized longitudinal tomography. AB - An analog video longitudinal tomographic system has been converted to a digital format that reconstructs the tomographic section through the use of matrixes representing the gray scale values of the analog-recorded video images. This was done so that some simple preprocessing could be used to eliminate electronic noise and thereby increase the effective signal to noise ratio. Signal to noise was also increased by the elimination of the analog image displacement circuits (ramp generators). In addition to an improvement in the diagnostic quality (gray scale) of anatomic images, a capability to image contrast differentials as low as 1% has been achieved. A display system provides the ability to use windows having both variable central levels and widths. PMID- 7216702 TI - The effect of certain variables on the tumor and tissue distribution of tracers. III. Salicylates and vasoactive drugs. AB - Attempts were made to increase the viable tumor concentration of 54Mn and 67Ga in a rat hepatoma model by administering rat angiotensin, tolazoline, and salicylates. Salicylates increased the tumor concentrations of 54Mn and improved 65Mn viable tumor/background ratios. 67Ga was not affected by the salicylates. The salicylate effect appeared to be mediated by intracellular mechanisms rather than alterations in plasma protein binding. Rat angiotensin slightly increased the concentrations of 67Ga in the tumors but not enough to suggest that it would be useful clinically. Tolazoline did not increase tumor uptake of the tracers. PMID- 7216704 TI - Effects of radiographic contrast media on leukocyte locomotion. AB - It has been shown that radiographic contrast media activate the complement system and release C3A and C5A, which, among other things, are chemotactic factors; ie, they increase the locomotion of leukocytes. The authors have examined the effects of contrast media on plasma, serum, neutrophilic (polymorphonuclear) leukocytes, and several standard chemoattractant proteins using modified Boyden chambers and micropore filters. Contrary to the results of others, which showed that contrast media increased the locomotion of neutrophils toward standard chemoattractants, the authors have shown that contrast media uniformly reduced neutrophil locomotion towards chemoattractant proteins by a combined effect on the proteins and on the neutrophils themselves. The exact inter-relationship between reduction in neutrophil locomotion and any possible adverse effects of radiographic contrast media remains to be clarified. PMID- 7216705 TI - Effects of radiographic contrast material on cultured myocardial cells. AB - Radiographic contrast material in doses commonly used in clinical practice produces major alterations in cardiac rhythm. In order to separate the direct cellular effect of the constituents of contrast material from the indirect actions of neural and hormonal mediators, a tissue culture technique was developed using newborn rat heart cells. The rate of contraction of both individual cells and of a syncytium of cells decreased and became briefly asystolic after contrast material was added to the media, then recovered with varying degrees of arrhythmia. Cells in culture less than one week showed significantly fewer arrhythmias and less recurrent asystole after contract material than older cells (P less than 0.05). Cells pretreated with pharmacologic amounts of atropine (0.08 microgram/ml), ouabain (0.02 microgram/ml), lidocaine (16 microgram/ml), and quinidine (20 microgram/ml) continued to demonstrate the initial asystole, although quinidine and lidocaine diminished the frequency of arrhythmias in the recovery stage. Hyperosmolar dextrose produced asystole, as did Renografin-60, Hypaque-50, and Conray only at concentrations greater than 1000 mOsm, suggesting that an osmolarity threshold may exist for the production of asystole. Less fibrillation occurred when the sodium and calcium ionic concentrations of contrast material were adjusted to that of plasma, although the arrhythmias could not be eliminated. Renografin-60, containing the greatest amount of calcium-chelating agents, produced a significantly greater degree of terminal asystole (P less than 0.05), which was reversible upon addition of CaCl2. Thus, contrast material produces a decrease in the rate of contraction in cultured cardiac cells in the absence of neural and hormonal mediators. The evoked arrhythmias are dependent upon the osmolality and ionic sodium and calcium concentrations. PMID- 7216707 TI - A simple way to estimate the size of a pneumothorax. AB - An approximate formula relating the volume of a pneumothorax to the decrease in linear dimensions of the lung is presented. For a small pneumothorax, the fractional volume occupied by pneumothorax is three times the fractional decrease in linear dimensions of the lung. These relationships were demonstrated with a simple phantom. PMID- 7216708 TI - The neglected pretreatment arm of clinical research. PMID- 7216709 TI - Pulmonary artery hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: determination by chest radiography. AB - Pulmonary artery hypertension is a frequent complication of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A study was undertaken to determine whether analysis of the chest radiograph can reveal the presence of pulmonary artery hypertension in COPD. Sixty-one men with COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 second 0.97 +/- 0.35 liters, mean +/- SD) underwent right heart catheterization, and in 46 the mean pulmonary artery pressure was elevated (greater than 20 mmHg). Plain chest radiographs of the 61 patients and 42 normal control subjects were evaluated. The right descending pulmonary artery (RDPA) was enlarged (greater than 16 mm) in 43 of 46 patients (93%) with an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure, and the left descending pulmonary artery (LDPA) diameter also was enlarged (greater than 18 mm) in 43 of 46. Combined increased RDPA and increased LDPA diameter measurements permitted correct diagnosis in 45 of 46 patients (98%) with pulmonary artery hypertension, including all 26 a mild elevation of mean pulmonary artery pressure (21-30 mmHg). There was a significant correlation between pulmonary artery pressure and both RDPA and LDPA measurements. Analysis of RDPA and LDPA diameters on the plain chest radiograph is a sensitive and accurate method of detecting the presence and severity of pulmonary artery hypertension in COPD. PMID- 7216706 TI - Metabolism of urographic contrast media. AB - The metabolism of ionic and nonionic contrast agents was examined in the rabbit and in humans by specific measurement of iodide present in urine at different time intervals after injection of high contrast medium doses. Interest was focused on the experimental model compound C-29, which was investigated using a 125I-labeled compound, permitting a study of iodide release and the appearance of other metabolites in serum, bile, and urine from rabbits. Large, quantitative, individual variations were found, but in most cases th urine collected from both rabbits and humans contained more iodide than had been injected. A mean of 0.07% of total injected iodine was found within three days after injection of the ionic contrast medium metrizoate. The results with rabbits indicated that this figure may increase to 1% using the nonionic media tested. Direct evidence of metabolism of C-29 was found in bile, where up to 35% of the total radioactivity present in the bile 4-6 hours after injection was identified as a metabolite. PMID- 7216710 TI - Suspected non-accidental injury to children--a comparative study. PMID- 7216712 TI - The doctor's dilemma: systemic candidiasis. PMID- 7216711 TI - Effect of a low dose estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptive on lipids and lipoproteins. PMID- 7216713 TI - Haemangioma of the knee. PMID- 7216714 TI - Differentiation of hypercalcaemia due to malignancy from primary hyperparathyroidism: the value of parathyroid hormone and plasma bicarbonate measurements. PMID- 7216715 TI - Integrated circuit implantable systems. AB - A series of totally implantable telemetry systems have been developed to chronically determine such parameters as blood flow, pressure, biopotentials and temperature. This instrumentation is currently used in medical research involving laboratory animals. Custom integrated circuits are used to realize the signal processing complexity needed for accurate and stable measurements within the size and power constraints of an implantable electronics system. PMID- 7216716 TI - Fluorimetric determination of oenanthotoxin. AB - Oenanthotoxin as crude yellow crystals was obtained, after the extraction and treatment from Oenanthe crocata L. fresh roots. The fluorescence response of oenanthotoxin solutions undergo changes, depending on the solvent used. Chloroformic solutions of oenanthotoxin showed a maximum fluorescent emission at 425 nm when the exciting wavelength was at 370 nm; in methanol it was displaced (lambda ex 375 nm, lambda em 435 nm), and in benzene showed a lambda em at 450 nm when the lambda ex was 395 nm. There was a linear relationship shown between the oenantotoxin concentration and fluorimetric response while within suitable experimental limits, the minimum concentration detected was 9.02 micrograms/ml. Using these properties, a fluorimetric method has been developed for the identifications and evaluation of oenanthotoxin. PMID- 7216717 TI - Effect of pH on the kinetic properties of rat skeletal muscle AMP deaminase. AB - 1. The optimal pH for activity of rat skeletal muscle AMP deaminase depends on substrate and salt concentrations. 2. At pH 7.12, differently from what is observed at acidic pH, the sigmoid kinetics shown by the enzyme in the absence of salt are not reversed to a hyperbolic one by increasing KCl concentration. 3. At alkaline pH the enzyme is also more sensitive to inhibition by nucleoside triphosphates, which enhance the sigmoidicity of the substrate saturation plot. At acidic pH, ATP elicits negative cooperativity for substrate and the same phenomenon is induced by high salt concentration. 4. The different properties of the enzyme at acidic and alkaline pH suggest that AMP deaminase can exist in either of two different conformations; at physiological pH the less active form of the enzyme predominates. PMID- 7216718 TI - Synthesis and chromatographic properties of 1,3-thiazane-2-carboxylic acid (beta homothiaproline). AB - Details are reported for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazane-2-carboxylic acid, or beta homothiaproline, 3-Bromopropylamine is allowed to react with sodium thiosulfate to give S-sulfo-homocysteamine, which is then split in acidic medium to homocystamine. Homocystamine is reduced by a slight excess of dithioerythritol and allowed to react with sodium glyoxylate. beta-Homothiaproline is then isolated by ion exchange on Dowex 50 and finally obtained in pure crystalline form, with a fairly good yield. Some chemical and chromatographic properties of beta-homothiaproline, in comparison with gamma-homothiaproline (1,3-thiazane-4 carboxylic acid), beta-thiaproline (thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid) and gamma thiaproline (thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) are described. PMID- 7216719 TI - Studies on the interaction of fructose 1,6-P2 aldolase with methylglyoxal. AB - Reaction of rabbit muscle fructose 1,6-P2 aldolase with methylglyoxal results in a biphasic loss of activity. The kinetics of the initial rapid phase are first order with respect to the inhibitor. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and fructose 1,6 bisphosphate afford complete protection whereas inorganic phosphate provides only a partial protection against inactivation. The treatment with methylglyoxal modifies the aldolase ability to bind D-Ga3P and DHAP. Loss of activity correlates with the modification of 1.7 arginine residues but data suggest that probably one of these arginine residues is essential. A likely role of this residue could be its interaction with the C1 negatively charged phosphate binding site of the enzyme. PMID- 7216720 TI - Surgical stabilisation of fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine by Harrington's technique. AB - The authors review twenty-four cases of fracture and fracture dislocation of the thoracic and lumbar spine treated by open reduction and stabilisation with Harrington's rods. In twenty-one cases posterior arthrodesis was also performed. Distraction rods were used in eighteen patients, compression rods in three and both types in three. In twenty-two cases it was possible to carry out a long term review. Stabilisation was achieved in all but one case. There was an average loss of correction of the kyphosis amounting to 10.5 per cent. Marked improvement was noted in nine patients who had incomplete neurological lesions. In thirteen patients with complete neurological lesions, no improvement was noted. In all the cases the treatment made post-operative nursing easier and the patient was more quickly mobilised. PMID- 7216721 TI - Transpedicular biopsy and posterior stabilisation in neoplasms of the vertebral body. PMID- 7216722 TI - Review of 119 cases of cervical interbody fusion by Cloward's method. AB - The long term results (not less than two years) of 119 out of 178 operations for cervical interbody fusion by Cloward's technique, performed at the Istituto Ortopedico Toscano between 1965 and 1978, are presented. The great majority of cases were cervical and root pain due to postero-lateral disc prolapse. In this group of cases the results were classified as excellent in 60 per cent of cases. The results were also rewarding in central disc prolapse with cord compression syndromes. They were less satisfactory in cervical spondylosis and in myelopathy due to spondylosis. In these groups, some arrest of the symptoms was achieved, but no effective regression. One indication for Cloward's operation is post traumatic instability following trauma, or after biopsy and evacuation of lesions of the vertebral bodies. PMID- 7216723 TI - The treatment of lumbar scoliosis with a three piece brace. AB - On the basis of thirty-two cases, the authors discuss the indications, methods of treatment and typical techniques of the three piece brace. They conclude that there are several good reasons for adopting this appliance, both with regard to its capacity for correction and its aesthetic qualities. It should, however, be restricted to lumbar and low dorsilumbar scoliotic curves not exceeding 40 degrees. PMID- 7216724 TI - Pertrochanteric fractures of the femur treated by Ender's nails. AB - Ender's method of intramedullary nailing of pertrochanteric fractures of the femur has continued to gain favour in Sweden. 500 cases, out of a total 1000 fractures of the neck and proximal end of the femur, treated during the five year period 1973-1977, were compared to the results obtained by treatment with McLaughlin's nail plate. Ender's method is simpler, easy to learn and requires a shorter operating time. It gives minimal blood loss and infection is very rare. Our investigation showed that with increasing experience of the technique the duration of the operation could be much shorter, and that the problems associated with difficult fractures could also be overcome. PMID- 7216725 TI - Dupuytren's contracture: clinical and therapeutic aspects. AB - The writers first describe the main features of the pathological anatomy and clinical characteristics of Dupuytren's contracture. They classify the lesions by Tubiana's method, which is eminently objective and practical. This classification divides the lesions, according to their severity, in five stages: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. The surgical technique of total aponeurectomy used by the authors is described. The total case material is thirty patients, with thirty-three hands operated on. By comparing the state of the hand before and after operation, the degree of improvement was calculated as a percentage derived from Tubiana's method of classification. A careful evaluation of the results confirms the validity of the therapeutic approach adopted. The indications and prognosis depend on the severity of the initial lesions. In general the chances of cure are good up to stage 3; but once this stage has been passed, and especially if hyperextension of the terminal phalanx is present, there is a high probability of recurrence and failure. In these cases they advise against corrective surgery and consider arthrodesis or amputation a more suitable alternative. PMID- 7216726 TI - A case of spontaneous cure of spondylolisthesis in adolescence. AB - The writers present a case of spontaneous cure of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis in a child aged twelve, which resulted in an almost perfect result within three years. This is an extremely rare occurrence, only five cases having previously been reported. PMID- 7216727 TI - Giant cell reaction of bone. AB - Six cases of giant cell reaction of bone are presented. These are osteolytic lesions that affect the bones of the hand and foot. They are characterised by fibroblastic proliferation with the production of osteoid substance and bone, with abundant giant cells but no atypical cells. After describing the cases anatomically and clinically, the writers consider the differential diagnosis in bony lesions of the hand and foot containing giant cells. Giant cell reactions always heal after marginal excision. The most important differential diagnosis is with giant cell tumours and the bone lesions of primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7216728 TI - A critical appraisal of two cases of chondrosarcoma of the pelvis treated by hemipelvectomy. AB - In presenting two cases of chondrosarcoma of the pelvis treated by hemipelvectomy, the writers discuss the therapeutic possibilities in dealing with this neoplasm at already far advanced stages. PMID- 7216729 TI - Ultrastructural appearance of human synovial membrane in the reabsorption phase of acute haemarthrosis. AB - Using the electron transmission microscope, the writers studied the ultrastructural appearances of the synovial membrane obtained during acute haemarthrosis, with the aim of elucidating the morphological basis of he mechanism of reabsorption of the various components of the blood. It was observed that all the elements of the synovial intima showed substantial modifications of the cytoplasm and of the plasmalemma. The cytoplasm showed: (a) marked abundance of lysosomes and lysophagosomes; (b) the presence of conspicuous cavities crammed with erythrocytic fragments; (c) marked reduction of normal cytoplasmic organelles. The plasmalemma, on the surface bordering the joint cavity, showed numerous philopods and lamellipods. These modifications, which affected all the cellular elements of the intimal stratum, demonstrate that they are macrophagically differentiated. PMID- 7216731 TI - Late radiographic changes after lumbar intervertebral disc operations involving hemilaminectomy and partial facetectomy. AB - We carried out a long term clinical and radiographic follow up (seven to twelve years) on seventy-one patients operated on for prolapsed lumbar disc using a hemilaminofacetectomy approach. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) radiographic deterioration at the disc space operated on varies according to its normality or otherwise at the time of operation; (2) late changes were less common at the L4-L5 space than at the L5-S1 space; (3) hemilaminofacetectomy at L4 had a more adverse effect on L5 than hemilaminofacetectomy of L5 had on L4; (4) in 10 per cent of our cases total of partial reconstruction of the remaining hemilamina was demonstrated by tomography. PMID- 7216732 TI - Spontaneous anterior and posterior subluxation of the shoulder (case presentation). PMID- 7216733 TI - A new shoe for drop foot with automatic raising of the fore-foot. AB - A new orthopaedic shoe has been designed for foot drop. It automatically raises the anterior part of the foot as the step is completed. This effect is obtained by the application to the sole of a strip of metal joined to a spring concealed in the heel of the shoe, which keeps the anterior part of the shoe in dorsiflexion. When the patient rests his foot on the ground, the shoe aligns itself with the ground. When the patient lifts his leg in walking, the recoil of the spring raises the anterior part of the shoe. PMID- 7216730 TI - Ultrastructural comparisons of human synovial membrane in joints exposed to varying stresses. AB - The writers used the electron transmission microscope to study the ultrastructure of the synovial membrane in joints or synovial areas that varied in their exposure to weight bearing or other mechanical stresses. They used fragments of synovial membrane obtained surgically from the knee and from the elbow joints. In the joints or synovial areas little exposed to weight bearing or traction, the three strata of which the synovial membrane is composed were well differentiated from the fibrous capsule. The intima contained abundant cells with a trophic function (chiefly A cells); the subintima was intensely vascularised and had numerous fat cells but few fibres; the subsynovia was predominantly fibrous. On the other hand, in joints or synovial areas notably exposed to weight bearing or traction stresses, the synovial membrane was thinner, with few cellular elements (mostly resembling fibroblasts) and few blood vessels, while the fibrillar component was particularly marked. These differences in the ultrastructure confirm Franceschini's hypothesis that the synovial fluid is produced in those areas of the synovia that are less exposed to mechanical stress. PMID- 7216735 TI - Complications and technical errors in endo- and arthroprostheses of the wrist and hand. A critical reappraisal of 89 operations. AB - The authors analyse eighty-nine operations performed between 1969 and 1975 for the insertion of endo- and arthroprostheses is the wrist and hand, with special reference to the complications and errors of technique of this type of surgery. They have paid particular attention to possible errors of diagnosis, faulty indications, and technical operative errors. They confirm that this type of surgery, which is still in the developmental stages, should be restricted to carefully selected cases and performed only in specialist centres. PMID- 7216734 TI - A new device ("G3 - IOR") for external fixation. AB - External fixation is nowadays an essential part of orthopaedic and traumatological surgery, since it offers a method of firm fixation, which can be applied at some distance from the fracture. It is easy to apply and to remove and, most important, there is no direct contact with the fracture site. THe writers present an apparatus of their own design which should eliminate all the disadvantages of the apparatus at present in use, while at the same time being simpler to apply and more effective in action. PMID- 7216737 TI - Clear cell chondrosarcoma. AB - Three cases of clear cell chondrosarcoma are presented. This variety of chondrosarcoma should be differentiated most of all from chondroblastoma and osteoblastoma. PMID- 7216736 TI - Results of 100 arthroprostheses of the hip of Charnley's method. (Prospective study, consecutive series). AB - This is a prospective survey of 100 consecutive cases of arthroprosthesis of the hip by Charnley's method, operated on in a conventional operating theatre under similar environmental conditions to those of the great majority of Italian hospitals. Ninety-four cases were available for review at an average follow up period of three and a half years (with a range of two to seven years). The incidence of infection was very high (9.6 per cent). In two cases there was aseptic loosening of the femoral component, demonstrated at re-operation (2.1 per cent) and in three cases it is suspected but not yet confirmed by re-operation (3.2 per cent). In eighty-three cases (88.2 per cent) the result was considered to be successful. PMID- 7216738 TI - Brodie's abscess. A study of 181 cases, with special reference to radiographic diagnostic criteria. AB - A study of 181 cases of Brodie's abscess, in which the diagnosis was histologically confirmed, was made in order to demonstrate radiographic factors common to other conditions, and therefore likely to pose questions of differential diagnosis. Some of the pathological characteristics of Brodie's abscess are described and correlated with the differing radiographic appearances of this inflammatory bone lesion. PMID- 7216740 TI - Rare causes of ulnar nerve compression in the epitrochlear groove. AB - The commonest causes of ulnar nerve compression in the epitrochlear groove have been widely reported in the literature. The author reports four rare causes, viz.: neurinoma of the ulnar nerve (one case), compression of the ulnar nerve due to an arthrogenic ganglion (two cases), ulnar neuritis due to articular gout (two cases), and compression of the ulnar nerve due to post-traumatic fibrosis in the epitrochlear groove (one case). PMID- 7216739 TI - Silastic prosthesis in fractures of the head of the radius: long term follow up. AB - After a fairly long experience we asked ourselves what value should be attributed to replacement surgery of the head of the radius, using a Silastic endoprosthesis? An attempt is made to answer this question after following up our cases for many years. This has led us to two factual conclusions; the limited life of the prosthesis and the surprising tolerance of the elbow to regressive radiographic changes. PMID- 7216741 TI - Autoplastic vein grafts in experimental microsurgery. AB - The writers discuss the histological results of a study of twelve auto-plastic vein grafts performed by a microsurgical technique on the femoral artery of the rabbit. Our observations, which were made at periods of from one to twelve weeks after the grafts had been performed, revealed the details of the nature and chronological development of the structural changes that occurred in the wall of the graft. PMID- 7216742 TI - Familial occurrence of protrusio acetabuli (Otto's disease). Ten members affected in four generations. AB - It is rare for hereditary forms of primary protrusio acetabuli to be reported, and the mode of transmission is not always clear. The writers present a familial occurrence of this malformation in which the hereditary factor was in accord with the presence of a dominant autosomal gene. PMID- 7216743 TI - Auditory screening of high risk infants with brainstem evoked responses and impedance audiometry. PMID- 7216744 TI - The use of infants' and children's occupant safety devices in motor vehicles: an observational study. PMID- 7216745 TI - Noise-induced hearing loss in aviators. PMID- 7216746 TI - Noise: a slow accident. PMID- 7216747 TI - Dysbarism associated with alcohol abuse: a case report. PMID- 7216748 TI - 1973-77 cancer incidence in Hawaii, with Special Reference to trends since 1968 72 for certain sites. PMID- 7216750 TI - Ophthalmoplegic migraine: ischemic or compressive neuropathy? PMID- 7216749 TI - Endogenous opioids in cerebrospinal fluid and blood in idiopathic headache sufferers. PMID- 7216751 TI - MMPI patterns in common headache disorders. PMID- 7216752 TI - Enhanced dilatory response to histamine in large extracranial vessels in chronic cluster headache. PMID- 7216753 TI - Hemicranial disorder of vasomotor adrenoceptors in migraine and cluster headache. PMID- 7216755 TI - High-dose barbiturate therapy for severe head injury - is it justifiable? PMID- 7216754 TI - Interval therapy of migraine: long-term results. PMID- 7216757 TI - Symptom substitution and biofeedback treatment of migraine headache: a comment. PMID- 7216756 TI - "Benign recurrent vertigo" and its connection with migraine. PMID- 7216758 TI - Scottish perinatal mortality review 1979. PMID- 7216759 TI - Experience with a hospital formulary. PMID- 7216760 TI - Changing pattern in infant feeding practices. PMID- 7216761 TI - Incontinence in the hospitalised elderly. PMID- 7216762 TI - The chief scientist reports...pressures produced on hospital mattresses. PMID- 7216763 TI - [New developments in American dermatology]. PMID- 7216764 TI - [Eruptive keratoacanthoma]. AB - A 74 year old woman showed typical symptoms of eruptive keratoacanthomas since three years: exanthematic sudden appearance of numberless papules, few millimeters in diameter with central keratinization, masked facies, ectropion of the eyelids and pruritus. Histology revealed the characteristic architecture of keratoacanthoma. Proliferation kinetics were characterized by increase of cell division within the basal cell layer, prolongation of time for DNA-synthesis (15,7 h) and moderate decrease of generation time. The reactive inflammatory dermal infiltrate mainly consists of lymphocytes. Ultrastructural features comprise occurrence of intracellular desmosomes and elastic and collagen fibers between the tumor cells. Therapeutically a good response was observed to aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359. PMID- 7216766 TI - [Furuncular myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis larva]. AB - The imported tropical dermatoses include the various manifestations of dermal myiasis. Cases of the furuncular form of cutaneous myiasis are infrequently seen and occur much more seldom than creeping eruption. Nearly exclusively furuncular lesions appear after infestation with the larvae of Dermatobia hominis, the human botfly, in Central and South America and with the larvae of the tumbu-fly, Cordylobia anthropophaga, in tropical Africa. We had the opportunity to see a patient, who had acquired furuncular myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis in Bolivia and the emergence of his fully developed larvae. PMID- 7216765 TI - [Localized poikiloderma vascularis atrophicans as an early manifestation of Hodgkin's disease of the nodular-sclerosing type]. AB - A 33-year-old female patient is presented with a nine-year history of poikilodermatous, eventually ulcerative skin lesions on the right neck and shoulder. A work-up revealed Hodgkin's disease of the nodular sclerosing type with specific cutaneous infiltrations. Initial combination polychemotherapy followed by supradiaphramatic irradiation has resulted in complete clinical remission of the disease since 15 months. PMID- 7216768 TI - [An unusual familial naevus verrucosus]. AB - Report of an unusual verrucous nevus of the scalp which was seen in a 11 year old girl and her mother. The diagnosis was verified by histological examination. Therapy was only symptomatically. PMID- 7216767 TI - [Acanthoma fissuratum cutis]. AB - Acanthoma fissuratum cutis is a common, however not widely recognized cutaneous lesion induced by minor, constant mechanical traumas. Lesions occur typically on the side of the nose or behind the ear, as most cases are caused by poorly fitting spectacle-frames. Clinical features of the benign reactive tumors, which occasionally may be mistaken for basal cell epitheliomas, are presented. PMID- 7216769 TI - The influence of an iron-sorbitol-citrate complex on the deposition of monomeric 239Pu in four rodent species. PMID- 7216771 TI - Effects of low-level radiation. PMID- 7216770 TI - Citric acid derivatives fail to enhance plutonium clearance from the hamster. PMID- 7216772 TI - The cancer risk attributable to radiation exposure: some practical problems. PMID- 7216774 TI - The performance characteristics of radiographic equipment: compliance with federal regulations. PMID- 7216773 TI - Reduction of personnel exposure in diagnostic radiology. PMID- 7216775 TI - Experience in fast neutron personnel monitoring in India. PMID- 7216776 TI - Intercomparison of two personnel dosimetry devices: film badge and pocket chamber dosimeter. PMID- 7216777 TI - Comments on "The question of radiation causation of cancer in Hanford workers" by John W. Gofman. PMID- 7216778 TI - Background radiation paradoxes. PMID- 7216779 TI - Comments on "The recommendations of the Bureau of Radiological Health on how to deal with fallout contamination are not sufficiently conservative" by C. Swick and K. Z. Morgan. PMID- 7216781 TI - The role of radon in comparisons of effects of radioactivity releases from nuclear power, coal burning and phosphate mining. PMID- 7216780 TI - Epidemiological studies of low-level radiation effects. PMID- 7216782 TI - Dose equivalent index for fast electrons. PMID- 7216783 TI - Mixtures of radon and thoron daughters in underground atmospheres. PMID- 7216784 TI - A comparison of GE(Li) detectors with different efficiencies for low-level general purpose counting. PMID- 7216785 TI - The transport of plutonium in terrestrial ecosystems. PMID- 7216787 TI - Plutonium containment. PMID- 7216786 TI - Bounds for global tritium population doses. PMID- 7216788 TI - Uranium trace analysis of a chewable betel-leaf preparation and tea leaves. PMID- 7216789 TI - Comparison of radioactive materials released from the Fort St. Vrain HTGR and LWRS. PMID- 7216790 TI - Forage: a sensitive indicator of airborne radioactivity. PMID- 7216791 TI - Air-to-vegetation transport of 131I as hypoiodous acid (HOI). PMID- 7216792 TI - Whole body retention of the alkaline earths in adult man. PMID- 7216793 TI - Influence of nose and mouth breathing on particle deposition in the lung. PMID- 7216795 TI - Radionuclide concentrations in waterfowl using a liquid radioactive waste disposal area and to the potential radiation dose to man. PMID- 7216794 TI - Health effects of the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island. PMID- 7216796 TI - Dissolution characteristics of LMFBR fuel-sodium aerosols. PMID- 7216797 TI - Calculated electron interaction data for ICRP Reference Man (1975) organs and tissues. PMID- 7216798 TI - Broad beam attenuation in Leca for 50-140 kVp x-rays. PMID- 7216799 TI - Fusion reactor neutron dosimetry. PMID- 7216800 TI - Depth-dose in tissue from beta-particles of 85Kr. PMID- 7216801 TI - Problems involved in the application of ICRP Publication 26 dose limitation system. PMID- 7216802 TI - Absorption of 95Nb from ligated segments of the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. PMID- 7216803 TI - A comparative study of threshold laser lesions in the retinae of human volunteers and rabbits. PMID- 7216805 TI - Phantom organ shielding factors for radiation from walls of buildings. PMID- 7216806 TI - Influence of inflight decay of radium-a in radon measurement by the double-filter method. PMID- 7216807 TI - 238U and 232Th in cassiterites samples and amang by-products. PMID- 7216804 TI - Measurements of gamma-ray exposures in uranium mines. PMID- 7216809 TI - Area common to intersecting circles. PMID- 7216808 TI - The concentration of 226Ra and 228Ra in domestic and imported bottled waters. PMID- 7216810 TI - Reply to Mr. Wiatrowski: personnel monitoring in diagnostic radiology. PMID- 7216811 TI - Comments on "Comparison of the Bragg-Gray theory corollaries to fast-neutron cavity ionization measurements at 14.8 MeV" by F. H. Attix et al. PMID- 7216812 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 7th regional congress of IRPA/13th annual conference of the Fachverband Fur Strahlenschutz "Radioactive Wastes," Cologne, F.R.G., 16-19 October, 1979. PMID- 7216813 TI - The irradiated thyroid: the great debate continues. PMID- 7216815 TI - Hemoglobin Yusa (beta 21 (B3) Asp leads to Tyr), a new abnormal hemoglobin found in Japan. AB - An electrophoretically slowly moving hemoglobin variant, Hb Yusa, was found in a 48-year-old man, his younger sister and mother. No clinical or hematological abnormalities were seen in the individuals heterozygous for this mutant gene. Structural studies of this abnormal hemoglobin showed a new type substitution of beta 21 (B3) Asp leads to Tyr. The percentage of the abnormal hemoglobin in the hemolysate was 40.8. The hemoglobin had neither instability nor functional abnormality. PMID- 7216816 TI - Separation of human hemoglobins by ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography. AB - We have investigated the use of anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for hemoglobin analysis. Several gradient elution programs were developed for optimal separation of hemoglobins in hemolysates derived from newborns and from individuals with hemoglobin disorders. The high resolution achieved, coupled with the ability to carry out chromatographic analysis in an unattended mode including automatic quantitation of the separated hemoglobins indicate that this technique could be quite useful in meeting the need for efficient and accurate diagnosis of hemoglobin disorders. PMID- 7216814 TI - Computed tomography of the larynx: a clinical and pathologic study. AB - Recent interest in the application of computed tomography (CT) to the evaluation of laryngeal tumors, and the fact that the larynx offers the unique opportunity of whole organ study after total laryngectomy, led to a prospective study of laryngoscopy, conventional tomography, and CT in relation to pathologic findings. The results showed that CT gives an exact assessment of laryngeal anatomy and tumor involvement, particularly in the paracordal and pre-epiglottic spaces. The laryngeal cartilages, which are not well demonstrated by any other means, are accurately delineated by CT. There is also good demonstration of the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis, including the anterior commissure, which is poorly shown by other radiologic methods and is sometimes poorly seen on laryngoscopy. Because CT and conventional tomography present images at 2 different planes, at right angles to each other, we believe that CT is entirely complementary to conventional tomography. PMID- 7216818 TI - Hemoglobin Handsworth (gamma 18 (A16) Gly leads to Arg) in a Chinese. PMID- 7216817 TI - Molecular stability of Hb Philly (alpha 2 beta 2 35(Cl) Tyr leads to Phe). Rhe relationship of hemoglobin stability to ligand state as defined by heat and mechanical shaking tests. AB - The molecular stability of Hb Philly (alpha 2 beta 2 35(Cl) Tyr leads to Phe) with different ligand states was compared with that of Hb A and Hb S using mechanical shaking and heat stability tests. The rates of mechanical denaturation of the oxy-forms of these hemoglobins decreased in the order of Hb S, Hb Philly, and Hb A, with relative ratios of 9.5: 5.6: 1.0. Upon oxidation to the met-forms, Hb Philly became mechanically most unstable, with ratios of 13.3: 23.0: 1.8, respectively. The deoxy-forms, of Hb A and Hb S were very stable, while that of Hb Philly was as unstable as the oxy-form. The addition of inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) to deoxy-Hb Philly stabilized the molecules. Since IHP restores the cooperative oxygen binding of Hp Philly, deoxy-Hb Philly appears to combine with IHP to change the quaternary structure required for cooperative oxygen binding and for stabilization of the molecule. PMID- 7216819 TI - Hemoglobin G Copenhagen beta 47 (CD6) Asp leads to Asn in a Sicilian family. PMID- 7216820 TI - Hemoglobin J Bangkok (beta 56[D7]Gly leads to Asp): a hemoglobin variant discovered by the hemoglobinopathy survey in Takamatsu district. PMID- 7216821 TI - Occurrence of Hb M Iwate (alpha 2 87 His leads to Tyr beta 2) in an Italian carrier. PMID- 7216822 TI - Haemoglobin El Faiyum--Possibly an Egyptian haemoglobin D. PMID- 7216824 TI - Localization of nucleolar organizing regions in pinniped karyotypes. PMID- 7216823 TI - Chromosome examination of children, in two Danish counties, born during the period 1967-1978. Epidemiological data. PMID- 7216825 TI - Qualitative and quantitative analysis of chromosome banding induced in vitro. PMID- 7216827 TI - Estimation of genetic risks of alkylating agents. V. methylation of DNA in the mouse by DDVP (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate). PMID- 7216826 TI - Trisomy 22 syndrome in a 26-year-old female--A follow-up examination. PMID- 7216828 TI - Probability of paternity exclusion in different mother-child genotype combinations. PMID- 7216829 TI - Acridine orange stabilization of glycosaminoglycans in beginning endochondral ossification. A comparative light and electron microscopic study. AB - This study indicated that acridine orange, when combined with the initial fixative stabilized soluble matrix glycosaminoglycan in situ in areas where considerable glycosaminoglycan extraction is known to occur. Acridine orange was able to diffuse through bone into areas of undecalcified mineralizing cartilage and to bind with the glycosaminoglycans in these areas equally well as in growth plate cartilage matrix. Matrix staining was visible by light microscopy without further staining and was seen to vary territorially in intensity; although cellular definition was poor. This deficiency was overcome by the additional application of p phenylenediamine which stained the cells intensely. At the ultrastructure level, glycosaminoglycan was present as electron dense structures in the cartilage matrix. Preliminary X-ray microanalysis studies confirmed that the acridine orange stained structures contain sulphur; this finding extends the use of acridine orange further to quantitative analysis of glycosaminoglycan. PMID- 7216830 TI - Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of rat cerebral arteries. Consecutive demonstration on whole mount preparations. AB - A consecutive demonstration of both aminergic and cholinergic nerves of rat cerebral arteries was carried out on whole mount preparations. For demonstration of aminergic nerves the glyoxylic acid method was used, while for cholinergic nerves Karnovsky's technique was utilized consecutively. This procedure provided a highly sensitive and reproducible demonstration of the two systems on the same specimen. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Aminergic and cholinergic nerves were distributed densely in the proximal portions of the major cerebral arteries examined. They were dense in the arteries of the anterior circulation and sparse in the posterior circulation. Each nerve had two different patterns, i.e. circular and longitudinal. Both circular and longitudinal patterns were observed in the proximal portions of the arteries, while in the distal portions, longitudinal fibres were predominantly present. 2) Superior cervical ganglionectomy produced no change in cholinergic nerve distribution, while it caused decreased density of aminergic nerves on the ipsilateral side on the arteries of the anterior circulation. The contralateral anterior cerebral arteries were partially affected. Bilateral sympathectomies abolished aminergic nerves in all arteries except the vertebral artery. PMID- 7216831 TI - The formation of intravesicular calcium phosphate deposits in microsomes of smooth muscle. A comparison with sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. AB - The calcium uptake in the microsomial fraction isolated from the smooth muscle of the antrum of the pig stomach is stimulated by phosphate. The microsomial vesicles which are loaded with calcium phosphate can be purified by differential centrifugation. A purification of 36 times in terms of calcium content was reached. Electron microscopy of the freshly prepared material revealed calcium phosphate deposits in the form of needles of crystalline calcium phosphate. This structure differs from that of the deposits which appear in the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. Their morphology is that of non crystalline calcium phosphate. However, on standing these deposits convert slowly into crystalline calcium phosphate. This difference reflects different kinetics of crystallization of the precipitates in the two preparations. After negative staining of the calcium phosphate loaded microsomes of skeletal and of smooth muscle, only few deposits are preserved because a release of calcium occurs as a consequence of the action of the stain and also of the dilution and warming up of the suspension. Smooth muscle microsomes partially purified by loading with calcium phosphate were studied by freeze etching and rotary replication. Membrane fragments displaying subunit intramembrane particles similar to those observed in sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle could be identified. However, in the smooth muscle microsomes the intramembrane particles were much less densely packed. Part of these particles could correspond to calcium transport sites. PMID- 7216832 TI - A flexible system for microscope fluorometry served by a personal computer. AB - An automated microscope fluorometer based on a modified Leitz MPV I system is described. Automation is mainly attained by the use of a cheap, commercially available personal computer system programmed in extended BASIC supplemented by a few assembly-level subroutines. The automation has resulted in simplified measuring procedures and increased measuring speed. The statistical precision is enhanced because greater cell populations can be analysed within reasonable time. Programs for several biological applications are described. Routines for cell population analysis, including storage of data on disk files, has proved especially useful. Programs for recording of corrected fluorescence emission spectra and of time-dependent fluorescence variables have also been developed. A high flexibility is achieved, as the BASIC programs can readily be modified for specific purposes. Some data on the sensitivity and reproducibility of the instrument alone, and in combination with a staining method, are also presented. PMID- 7216834 TI - Histochemical and cytochemical demonstration of zinc cysteinate in the tapetum lucidum of the cat. AB - Zinc cysteinate is shown histochemically and cytochemically in the tapetum lucidum of the cat. Heavy metal is demonstrated in the paraplasmic rods of the tapetal cells with a sulphide silver method whereas no such reaction can be found in the pigmented epithelium of the retina. These rods are also stained with silver methenamine indicating the presence of reducing groups which probably appeared after hydrolysis of cysteine. PMID- 7216833 TI - Electron microscopic demonstration of adenylate cyclase activity in rat cortical synaptosomes. AB - The electron cytochemical demonstration of adenylate cyclase activity was carried out in rat cortical synaptosomes. Reaction product was found in 60-70% of the synaptosomes in three predominant localization: (i) on the postsynaptic density; (ii) on the outer aspect of the synaptosomal membrane; (iii) inside the synaptosome. Results suggest that in addition to postsynaptic localization adenylate cyclase activity is cytochemically demonstrable also at presynaptic sites. PMID- 7216835 TI - Cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase in the various tissues of Locusta migratoria (migratorioides R.F.). AB - The ultrastructural cytochemical procedure to demonstrate adenyl cyclase in mammalian organs was used in insects. After several modifications, an utilizable method was applied for the detection of the enzyme in the various tissues. Adenylate cyclase which can be stimulated with octopamine was localized on the membrane of the glial cells and the axolemma of certain large axons in the insect brain. Adenylate cyclase which could be activated by NaF and isoproterenol was also demonstrated in the lipid droplets of glial cells of the brain. With the simultaneous application of NaF and isoproterenol, rather strong adenylate cyclase activity could be detected on the surface of the corpora allata cells both in the cells situated on the glandular surface and the central part of the gland. In contrast in the corpus cardiacum enzyme activity was only observable on the basal lamina of the glandular surface. An appreciable amount of reaction product, indicating the presence of the enzyme, could be found on the surface of the lipid droplets in the fat body situated near the glandular tissues. In the heart muscle, reaction product referring to enzyme activation could not be demonstrated with the help of the methods applied. PMID- 7216836 TI - Enzyme histochemistry on bone marrow sections after embedding in methacrylate at low temperature. PMID- 7216837 TI - Metabolism of styrene in rats after administration of tetrachloromethane. PMID- 7216838 TI - Placental transfer, secretion into mother milk of carbon disulphide and the effects on maternal function of female viscose rayon workers. PMID- 7216839 TI - Effects of chlorinated mono aromatic hydrocarbons on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in rats liver. PMID- 7216840 TI - Mutagenic potential of styrene in man. PMID- 7216841 TI - Solubility and cell toxicity of cobalt, zinc and lead. PMID- 7216842 TI - Determination of chromium compounds in a mixed state of Cr3+ and Cr6+. PMID- 7216843 TI - Histopathological studies with reference to chronic cadmium exposure in adrenal and spleen of common Indian ground squirrel (Funambulus pennanti, Wroughton). PMID- 7216844 TI - [A suction irrigation endoscope for surgery of the sinuses and skull base (author's transl)]. AB - For optimal transnasal surgery of the paranasal sinuses or of the skull base, free endoscopic exposure of the operative field is necessary. In our experience, use of instrumentation adjacent to the endoscope allows better removal of tissue specimens in contrast to the use of smaller forceps placed through the endoscope itself. A suction irrigation endoscope is described which allows manipulation under direct endoscopic control, but without disturbance by blood or secretions. PMID- 7216845 TI - [Vascular considerations and technique-planning for pectoralis major myocutaneous island flaps (author's transl)]. AB - The relevant distribution of the blood vessels originating from the thoracoacromial artery and the technique used to raise the pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap are described. The nutrient vessel to this flap is the thoracoacromial artery and its pectoral branches. After giving off its axillary vessels this artery with its vein crosses the upper edge of the pectoralis minor muscle and passes between the pectoralis major and minor muscles. There its branches extend over an area bordered by the second and sixth rib and the mammary and parasternal lines. The skin underlying this area is supplied by branches of the internal mammary artery and on its deep surface by branches of the thoracoacromial artery. Preservation of the thoracoacromial vein as well as artery is also necessary in this creation of a viable pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap. PMID- 7216846 TI - [Reconstruction of the cervical oesophagus (author's transl)]. AB - From the numerous methods of reconstruction of the hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus following laryngopharyngectomy a modification of the classical procedure of Gluck and Soerensen is described. the oesophagus is reconstructed 4 5 weeks after the primary excision by two medially based "swinging door" cervical skin flaps with overall wound cover by a deltopectoral flap. This method has been used successfully on 6 patients in the past 2 years and has proved technically simple and functionally sound. PMID- 7216847 TI - [A new method for managing epistaxis in Osler's disease (author's transl)]. AB - We describe a new method for successful management of epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias. By so doing, even pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas and gastrointestinal hemorrhages can be successfully managed. During a four year period, 14 patients were treated with an oral contraceptive preparation which combined a reduced dosage of estrogen and progesterone. With this therapy, 11 patients stopped bleeding while 3 responded with significant improvement. We believe that this effect on bleeding by the hormone therapy is a sign of an abnormal increase of specific hormone requirements in patients with Osler's disease. PMID- 7216848 TI - [A study of spontaneous cure of sinusitis (author's transl)]. AB - A clinical trial, in which the spontaneous self-cure rate of acute, chronic and childhood sinusitis was studied, is reported. The spontaneous cure rate in acute sinusitis, using analgesics only, range up to 79 per cent within 14 days. In chronic maxillary sinusitis using placebo treatment only, the pathological findings settled in 60.9 per cent within 21 days. A 5 year study of sinusitis in children aged 7-13 years showed a spontaneous self-cure rate of 94 per cent. These findings encourage a conservative approach in the management of sinusitis. PMID- 7216849 TI - [The diagnosis of the Pendred syndrome in children by the perchlorate discharge test with 123I (author's transl)]. AB - A modified method for the diagnosis of the Pendred Syndrome in children by the Perchlorate discharge test using 123I is described. The older child, who has the Pendred Syndrome and the obligatory hearing deficit, frequently has neither a goitre nor hypothyroidism, but other investigations (bone growth, scars and function tests) can also show changes. However a more certain diagnosis of this disorder in children is possible by the Perchlorate discharge test using 123I. The test using 131I is no longer justified in the face of more recent radiobiological knowledge. PMID- 7216851 TI - Proceedings of the American Radium Society's 63rd Annual Meeting. Phoenix, Arizona, 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7216850 TI - [A rare case of maxillary sinus sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. AB - We describe a 36 year old man who underwent three Caldwell-Luc operations during a five year period. Following the first operation, a persistent induration of the cheek was noted, and was found to be sarcoidosis histologically after the third operation. Since sarcoidosis is uncommonly found in the region of the maxillary sinus, its occurrence might be considered due to either irritation (such as seen with foreign body reaction) or result from the preceding surgical trauma. The etiology, symptomatology, and therapy of sarcoidosis is surveyed. PMID- 7216852 TI - The therapeutic utility of lung irradiation for Hodgkin's disease patients with large mediastinal masses. PMID- 7216854 TI - Relative biological effectiveness for damage to the central nervous system by neutrons. PMID- 7216855 TI - Post operative radiation therapy in the management of brain astrocytomata retrospective study of 142 patients. PMID- 7216853 TI - Experience with fast neutron therapy for unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 7216856 TI - A serial study of the concentration of misonidazole in human tumors correlated with histologic structure. PMID- 7216857 TI - Studies on the radioprotective effects of superoxide dismutase in mice. PMID- 7216858 TI - RBE values for radiation-induced growth delay in rat rhabdomyosarcoma tumors exposed to plateau and peak carbon, neon and argon ions. PMID- 7216859 TI - Dependence of RBE on fraction size for negative pi-meson induced renal injury. PMID- 7216860 TI - The function of the parotid gland following radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. PMID- 7216861 TI - Calibration of brachytherapy iridium-192 sources. PMID- 7216862 TI - Implanter for radioactive sources. PMID- 7216863 TI - Biological doses with template distribution patterns. PMID- 7216865 TI - Radiation therapy and SI units. PMID- 7216864 TI - Treatment of Ewing's sarcoma with radiation therapy. PMID- 7216866 TI - Fast neutron therapy-losing sight of the forest by counting the trees. PMID- 7216867 TI - Hypothyroidism complicating combined modality therapy for head and neck malignancy. PMID- 7216868 TI - Critique of "Dose-survival relationship for epithelial cells of human skin after multifraction irradiation: evaluation by a quantitative method in vivo" G. Arcangeli et al., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 6:841-844, 1980. PMID- 7216869 TI - Panel report: AVMA colloquium on clinical pharmacology. PMID- 7216870 TI - Colloquium on clinical pharmacology, 1979, Rolling Meadows, Illinois. PMID- 7216871 TI - Sulfonamide and trimethoprim combinations. PMID- 7216872 TI - Pharmacotherapeutics of newer penicillins and cephalosporins. AB - The beta-lactam group of compounds includes a large number of biologically active substances. Some are important as antibiotics (penicillin and cephalosporins) or antibiotic precursors (6-aminopenicillanic acid) and some are important due to their inhibitory action on several beta-lactamases. The pharmacologic features of these compounds are discussed on the basis of their structure, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutics, toxicologic properties, interaction, and incompatibilities. PMID- 7216873 TI - Pharmacotherapeutics of the newer tetracyclines. AB - The newer tetracyclines are defined as those tetracyclines available in the United States but not approved for veterinary use. These include demeclocycline, methacycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. Of these, doxycycline and minocycline appear to offer advantages that would render them useful in certain situations in veterinary medicine. Their major advantage lies in their greater lipid solubility relative to other tetracyclines. This characteristic probably accounts for their enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness for some organisms, more efficient absorption after oral administration, and enhanced distribution in the body. The principal excretory organ for doxycycline is the intestine, where the drug diffuses through the intestinal mucosa into the intestinal tract. This unique characteristic makes this drug useful in cases of preexisting renal dysfunction and may render this drug superior to other tetracyclines in the treatment of intestinal infections. Doxycycline is used in other countries for respiratory tract and intestinal tract diseases of poultry. The usefulness of doxycycline and minocycline in food-producing animals may be limited because of persistent drug residues. Minocycline has, in large doses, been used with streptomycin in the elimination of the carrier state of canine brucellosis. The superiority of doxycycline and minocycline, relative to other tetracyclines, in their distribution to areas of he body such as the eye, brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and prostate gland suggests that trials of their efficacy in tetracycline-sensitive infections of these areas are indicated. Pharmacokinetic studies designed to determine optimal dosage schedules have not been made for domestic animals. These determinations are necessary to evaluate most effectively the usefulness of the newer tetracyclines in veterinary medicine. PMID- 7216875 TI - Pharmacotherapeutics of aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 7216874 TI - Pharmacotherapeutics of chloramphenicol in veterinary medicine. AB - Since its discovery in 1947, chloramphenicol has enjoyed a prominent place in the veterinarian's drug arsenal. Some of the reasons for its popularity are: (1) Antimicrobial activity--effective against a variety of infective pathogens, including staphylococci, salmonellae, pasturellae, Bordetella, Haemophilus, coliform organisms, chlamydiae, and rickettsiae, many of which may be resistant to other antimicrobial agents; (2) Kinetic properties--allowing production and maintenance of effective therapeutic concentrations in body fluids and tissues, with a practicable dosage schedule in most species; (3) Safety--toxic reactions to chloramphenicol encountered thus far in animals have not warranted any serious limitations on its use in veterinary medicine. PMID- 7216876 TI - Projections on the use of antiviral chemicals in animals. PMID- 7216877 TI - Distribution of antimicrobial agents in normal and diseased animals. PMID- 7216878 TI - Antibacterial therapy for pulmonary infections. PMID- 7216879 TI - Antibacterial treatment of abscesses. PMID- 7216881 TI - Pharmacotherapeutics of drugs used in treatment of anaplasmosis and babesiosis. AB - Treatment of anaplasmosis and babesiosis in cattle is practical and effective when given early in the course of infection, before the onset of severe anemia or neurologic disorders. The tetracyclines (usually oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline) are the only effective specific compounds approved for use against anaplasmosis in the United States. Oxytetracycline, at the rate of 6.6 to 11 mg/kg of body weight given one to three times IM or IV, effectively moderates the course of infection. Chlortetracycline administered orally in dosages as small a 1.1 mg/kg will prevent infection and in dosages ranging from 2.2 to 11 mg/kg for 30 to 90 days will eliminate carrier infection. Babesiosis in cattle is effectively treated by a large number of babesiacidal compounds, but in practice, diminazene aceturate (3 to 5 mg/kg, IM), amicarbalide (5 to 10 mg/kg, IM), and imidocarb (1 to 3 mg/kg, IM) are most often used. However, none of these compounds is approved for use in treating babesiosis in cattle in the United States. Larger amounts of these compounds are usually required for the treatment of babesiosis in the horse and in the dog, and the elimination of babesiosis in these species is much more difficult than it is for babesiosis in cattle. PMID- 7216880 TI - Disposition of oxytetracycline in the bovine genital tract: systemic vs intrauterine administration. AB - The distribution of oxytetracycline (OTC) in genital tissues, uterine secretions, milk, and plasma was examined after systemic (IM) and intrauterine (IU) administration at various intervals after administration in normal-cycling diestrous cows and in cows with chronic endometritis. The IM route resulted in OTC concentrations in endometrium and uterine secretions that were higher than were concentrations in plasma and milk over 72 hours. Twenty-four hours after IM administration, OTC concentrations in tissues of the genital tract (ovaries, oviducts, myometrium, serosa, cervix, and vagina), muscles, and udder were 100% higher than were concentrations in plasma. The IU administration resulted in a high concentration in the endometrium and uterine cavity over the 72-hour posttreatment period. The plasma concentrations were considerably lower than after the IM injection, indicating a lesser absorption from the uterus than from the IM injection site. This was more pronounced in cows with endometritis. Elimination from plasma and milk occurred in 24 hours. Contrary to results of the IM route, the IU route did not result in detectable concentrations in genital tissues apart from the endometrium 24 hours after administration. PMID- 7216883 TI - Role of teat dips in mastitis control. PMID- 7216882 TI - Drug selection and use in mastitis: systemic vs local therapy. AB - The optimal properties of antibacterial drugs, (administered parenterally or intracisternally during clinical mastitis) required for achieving and maintaining effective drug concentrations at the site of infection are reviewed. The in vitro sensitivity of the udder pathogen, expressed as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drug, and the physicochemical properties of the antibiotic are major determinants in the duration of effective drug concentrations in the udder. Injectable oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol possess limited IM bioavailability properties, and therefore, should be administered IV. Effective passage of drug from blood into the udder is best achieved with the macrolide antibiotics, but the antibacterial spectra of these drugs are limited to gram-positive pathogens. For intramammary treatment, drugs that are distributed throughout the udder and are quickly absorbed into the general blood circulation should be preferred. A second priority should be given to those drugs possessing more limited distribution characteristics. Some of the most active drugs in vitro are poorly and unevenly distributed in the udder and are absorbed only to a limited extent. PMID- 7216884 TI - Milk and meat iodine content: relation to human health. AB - The amount of iodine consumed by human beings in the United States has increased over the past 10 to 15 years. Although there is no direct evidence of an increased human iodine toxicity problem because of the increased intake, there is some concern that if this trend continues, the greater iodine concentration may contribute to an increase in thyroid disorders. Because iodine content in milk has increased by 300% to 500% over the past 10 to 15 years, factors contributing to this increase have been studied. Organic iodine additions to the feed supply have contributed to large increases in iodine content in milk from some farms, and are considered the main factor contributing to the large increase in iodine content in milk values. Iodine teat dips and udder washes contribute to the increased iodine content of milk but generally do not result in increases of more than 150 micrograms/L. Iodine-sanitizing agents used on milking equipment or in milk transfer and storage equipment can contribute large amounts if improperly used, but the frequency of this problem is small. Iodine content in meat does increase with increased iodine intake, but the transfer of iodine to meat is relatively lower than it is to milk. PMID- 7216886 TI - Extra-label drug uses. PMID- 7216885 TI - Availability and usage of new antibacterial drugs in Europe. AB - The present-day availability and usage of established and new antibacterial drugs approved for clinical and therapeutic purposes in food-producing animals and poultry in the United States and Europe were compared. Presently, 42 such drugs are approved in Europe, 13 of which were approved since Dec 31, 1974. In the United States, 17 such drugs are currently approved, only four were approved since Dec 31, 1974. Most drug products approved in Europe contain two or more antibacterial agents, whereas most of the products approved in the United States are single drug entities. Drugs approved in Europe but not in the United States include sulfonamide and trimethoprim combinations, nafcillin, oxacillin, metampicillin, cephoxazole, cephalonium, cephacetrile, cephalexin, gentamicin, rifamycin SV, nifuroquine, tiamulin, chloramphenicol, colistin, and polymyxin B. Pharmacologic and clinical features of several of these drugs are briefly described. PMID- 7216887 TI - Mechanisms of adverse drug reactions and interactions in veterinary medicine. AB - Rapid advances in research in basic pharmacology and the productivity of the pharmaceutical industry have resulted in the introduction of many new drugs for the veterinary profession. The availability of such a large number of drugs has stimulated their concomitant use with the hope that maximum therapeutic effectiveness will be achieved. Indeed, modern therapeutics in veterinary medicine often necessitates the simultaneous administration of several drugs. With the increased use of multiple drug therapy has come the problem of drug interactions, which necessitates greater professional awareness and responsibility on the part of the veterinarian. Drug interactions are essentially a problem of modern medicine. PMID- 7216888 TI - Tissue density of drugs with respect to time. PMID- 7216889 TI - Current food safety and quality service residue control program. PMID- 7216890 TI - Design of clinical trials for new drugs in animals. AB - Consideration of the intended purpose, an effort to ask specific questions that can be answered by specific data, selection of the correct values to be measured, and investigators who are able to conduct the study, will make it possible to design clinical studies properly. The ethical need to avoid unnecessary suffering of experimental animals and rules and regulations in effect at the time of clinical trials will dictate certain aspects of the design. The type of product to be evaluated, its mode of administration, the type of animal in which the drug will be used, the type of investigator who will collect the data, and the individual who will use the drug, will determine the mechanical part of the protocol. All of these factors need to be considered and discussed with all participants, which may include biostatisticians, regulatory authorities, investigators, and other individuals, to ensure that a rational design is chosen. PMID- 7216891 TI - Statistical considerations in clinical field evaluation of drugs. AB - Statistical problems associated with clinical field evaluation of drugs are many. The Food and Drug Administration requires that the safety and efficacy of a drug must be shown in adequate and well-controlled clinical investigations. From a statistical point of view, safety and efficacy must be precisely defined, and a quantitative method must be developed to measure these properties. It is proposed that efficacy be defined in both the therapeutic and pharmacologic aspects. Further, to measure therapeutic efficacy, it is suggested that an appropriate health index be used. This index would provide information regarding degree of improvement and also the time course of improvement. To measure or evaluate pharmacologic efficacy, it is suggested that kinetic studies be done to compare half-lives, volumes of distribution, and any other relevant kinetic parameter(s). PMID- 7216892 TI - Monitoring drug concentrations in animal patients. PMID- 7216894 TI - Parasite host interactions relative to levamisole. PMID- 7216893 TI - Immunomodulatory effects of levamisole. AB - The conditions under which the anthelmintic drug levamisole modulates immune function were reviewed. Treatment with the drug corrects defective leukocyte reactivity and can bring clinical improvement in chronic infections, inflammatory disease, and malignancy. Therapeutic effectiveness depends upon dose, timing, and the patient's immune status, and results are often inconsistent. Levamisole therapy can cause marked but reversible complications, many of which have immunopathologic features. PMID- 7216895 TI - Toxicity and drug interactions of levamisole. AB - Clinical signs and lesions of levamisole toxicosis include: nausea, vomiting, increased salivation, frequent urination and defecation, colic, dizziness, headache, muscle tremors, ataxia, anxiety, hyperesthesia with irritability, clonic convulsions, depression, rapid respiration, dyspnea, prostration, collapse, hemorrhages in the subepicardium and thalamus, enteritis, hepatic degeneration and necrosis, and splenic congestion. Most of these signs and lesions are similar to those observed in nicotine poisoning. Levamisole causes vasopressor and panting effects which are blocked by ganglionic blocking agents hexamethonium and mecamylamine but are not blocked by atropine. The vasopressor effect of levamisole is blocked by alpha-adrenergic antagonists phentolamine and dibenamine; however, the respiratory effect of levamisole is not affected by these alpha-adrenergic antagonists. Repeated IV injections of levamisole cause a tachyphylactic response. With levamisole-induced tachyphylaxis, the effects of other ganglionic stimulants dimethylpiperazinium and nicotine are also abolished. Levamisole causes an electroencephalographic arousal which is antagonized by atropine sulfate and mecamylamine. There is also a structural similarity of levamisole to nicotine. These studies suggest that levamisole is a nicotine-like compound. Possible treatment of levamisole poisoning is discussed. Drug interactions of levamisole with organophosphates and anthelmintics, eg, pyrantel, methyridine, and diethylcarbamazine, are also discussed. PMID- 7216897 TI - Prostaglandin biosynthesis and metabolism. PMID- 7216896 TI - Levamisole in dirofilariasis of dogs. PMID- 7216898 TI - Role of prostaglandins in bovine reproduction. PMID- 7216899 TI - Experiences and problems associated with usage of prostaglandins in countries other than the United States. AB - The prostaglandins have entered into commercial use with few complaints of problems resulting from action of the drug. Disappointments in the results obtained from their use have stemmed mainly from a lack of understanding or a lack of appreciation of their limitations. Before full realization of their potential benefit as a tool to aid in breeding management is gained, considerable education of the veterinary profession, artificial insemination personnel, extension reproductive advisors, and animal owners must be accomplished. PMID- 7216900 TI - A morphological study of the lungs and bronchial tree of the dog: with a suggested system of nomenclature for bronchi. AB - The bronchial tree was investigated in 37 pairs of lungs of adult dogs using dissection and corrosion techniques. The external morphology of the lungs and their lobes has been described. The right lung was divided by deep fissures into four lobes, the apical, the middle, the diaphragmatic and the intermediate. The left lung was found to have three lobes, the apical, the middle and the diaphragmatic. The left apical and middle lobes were partially fused, being separated only by an incomplete (cranial) fissure where either of the two lobes may overlap the other. This study has confirmed the existence in the dog's lungs of 'the stem bronchus' described by Aeby (1880). Each of the lobes of dog's lungs was served by a single bronchus which has been termed the 'lobar stem bronchus' and which extended as an axial stem from the hilus to a particular end of the lobe designated as the 'distal end'. In each lobe two main series of branches and accessory branches have been described. In each main series three types of branches have been described--normal, large, and small. A system of designating the bronchi has been suggested and used. The lobar stem bronchi often bifurcated after a variable number of branches had been given off. The total number of branches arising from the lobar stem bronchus, the number in each main series, the number of accessory branches, and the sequence of origin varied to the extent that no two bronchial patterns were found to be identical. The complexity of establishing a bronchopulmonary segmental pattern in the dog has been discussed. PMID- 7216901 TI - The roles of hyaluronic acid, collagen and elastin in the mechanical properties of connective tissues. AB - Biomechanical testing of connective tissue is usually done on whole tissue. Studies of the mechanical properties of each component of the tissue, however, are important for elucidating the connection between the functional properties and the molecular structure. Enzymic degradation of one component at a time followed by mechanical testing was employed. The specificity of enzymes used was ascertained with mechanical tests on collagen films from purified, reconstituted collagen after enzymic treatment. The study shows that collagen is the component which is mainly responsible for the tensile strength of skin and aorta, while the toe-part of the 'stress'-strain curve of aorta is determined by both elastin and collagen. The hyaluronic acid does not seem to play any role in the static mechanical properties of skin and aorta as evaluated by means of the present method. PMID- 7216902 TI - An ultrastructural investigation of afferent connections of the red nucleus in the rat. AB - The pattern and mode of termination of afferents to the red nucleus of the rat were investigated with the electron microscope. Lesions were placed by electrocautery in the sensorimotor cortex or were placed electrolytically in the deep cerebellar nuclei and brachium conjunctivum using a stereotaxic approach. With both types of lesion, degenerating fibres of passage, preterminal axons, and synaptic terminals were observed in greatest numbers on the third post-operative day. Following cerebellar lesions, degenerating terminals occurred on the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of large, multipolar neurons in the magnocellular portion of the red nucleus, and on intermediate and small dendrites in the parvocellular portion. It is concluded that the former are interpositus terminals while the latter are dentate (lateralis) terminals ending on rubrospinal and rubrobulbar neurons respectively. Following lesions of the sensorimotor cortex, small degenerating terminals were observed on the distal dendrites and dendritic spines of parvocellular, rubrobulbar neurons. Large terminals containing round vesicles did not undergo degeneration following either type of lesion. These findings suggest the existence of an interpositorubro-spinal pathway in which the interpositus terminals exert a strong influence on the large, caudally placed rubrospinal neurons. The background excitability of the rostrally located rubrobulbar neurons is probably regulated by the distal cortical input while the more proximally located dentate terminals probably exert a stronger discrete influence over their activity. PMID- 7216903 TI - A spatial relationship between innervation and the early differentiation of vibrissa follicles in the embryonic mouse. AB - The present study has demonstrated that the mystacial vibrissae of the mouse began to develop at about 12 days of gestation on two plates of thickened ectoderm called the 'whisker pads' which were located on either side of the snout above the margin of the upper lip. Each whisker pad was traversed by five rostrocaudal skin ridges. The individual vibrissae developed along the ridges in a caudorostral sequence. Four new sub-stages of vibrissa follicle development which occurred prior to Stage 1 of Davidson & Hardy (1952) were described. The first of these, Stage A, was the formation of a small nerve plexus under the skin ridge. Stage B was then characterized by the formation of a dermal condensation above the nerve plexus. The epithelium over the dermal condensation began to thicken at Stage C and grow down into the dermal condensation at Stage D. The early morphogenesis of the mystacial vibrissa follicles of the mouse was compared to that of teeth and mammary glands. The possibility of nerve involvement in determining the pattern of follicle array on the snout was discussed. The sequence of the morphological changes in the dermal and epidermal components of the early follicles was related to the present knowledge of epithelial mesenchymal interactions which occur during this phase of follicle development. PMID- 7216904 TI - Ultrastructural and morphometric study of the Langerhans cell in the normal human exocervix. AB - The gross morphology, density, distribution and ultrastructure of the Langerhans cell of the normal human exocervix were investigated. Two standardized zinc iodide-osmium (ZIO) procedures were applied to epithelial sheets as well as to tissue samples processed for both light and electron microscopy. Conventional electron microscopical techniques were also used. The epithelial sheet preparation allowed the visualization of the whole profile of the Langerhans cell. It was found that the number of cell processes and the degree of their branching varied greatly from one cell to another. The cells were tentatively grouped into five types and it is suggested that they represent different degrees of cell activity. The cells appeared unevenly distributed, but with a preferential location around the external os. In the three cases studied the cell density averaged 8.3 LC/mm2. The ultrastructural study revealed the classical fine structure of the Langerhans cell. The cell processes and their branches contained all the organelles found in the perikaryon, including Golgi complexes and Langerhans cell granules. The two ZIO procedures revealed that the complex inner organization of the granule does not differ from that in the epidermal Langerhans cell. It is concluded that the Langerhans cell is a constant component of the normal human exocervix. PMID- 7216905 TI - Innervation of alveolar walls in the human lung: an electron microscopic study. AB - Unmyelinated nerve fibres, probably sensory in type, are present in the human alveolar wall. It is possible that these fibres may be associated with juxta capillary receptors which have been identified on physiological grounds in animals. PMID- 7216906 TI - Effects of thymectomy on bone growth in the rat. AB - The effects of thymectomy (TMX) at 1 or 5 days of age on the subsequent growth of bone have been determined in male and female Holtzman rats. The rats were maintained under aseptic conditions to minimize any effects of infection or wasting disease on bone growth. Femur length and distal epiphyseal cross sectional area were significantly reduced in TMX female rats at 3 months of age. At 1 month of age, the width of the undifferentiated zone was increased and at all subsequent times the columnar zone and growth plate were narrower in TMX rats. The incorporation of 35S into the femur, particularly the proximal and distal growth plates, was uniformly reduced in TMX rats as determined by scintillation counting and autoradiography. Additionally, there was an obvious overall reduction in alcian blue stationing intensity in the growth plates of TMX rats when compared to sham-operated controls. These results suggest a significant reduction in detectable glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and in bone growth in TMX rats. Although there were minor variations, there were no major differences attributable to sex or timing of thymectomy. At present the causes of this moderate reduction in bone growth in TMX rats are unknown. One explanation might be that the thymus supplies or is in some other way involved in the provision of a hormone and/or cells that are required for normal bone growth. Another possibility is that the thymus is normally a source of immune suppressor cells which are needed to limit auto-immune reactivity against GAG or other antigenic determinants associated with bone. Thymectomy would remove these suppressor cells, thus permitting an auto-immune response which interferes with bone growth. Finally, perhaps the most plausible explanation is that thymectomy reduces cell production in the bone marrow which, in particular, reduces the turnover of monocytes. This reduced output of monocytes in TMX rats might ultimately lead to a reduction in osteoclast activity necessary for normal remodelling and growth of bone. We currently favour this last explanation. PMID- 7216907 TI - An electron-histochemical study on protein uptake and distribution in the colonic mucosa of the neonatal rat. AB - The uptake of exogenous protein by the colonic mucosa in neonatal rats was studied after enema infusions of horseradish peroxidase, of immunoglobulin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase, of unconjugated immunoglobulin, and of normal saline. Specimens of colonic mucosa were processed for the histochemical demonstration of peroxidase activity and then prepared for electron microscopy. Enzyme activity and, by inference, exogenous protein were located on the luminal plasma membrane of epithelial lining cells, in pinocytotic vesicles in their apical cytoplasm, in Golgi-associated sacs and in their secondary lysosomes. Protein was also located within lymphocytes which had invaded the epithelium. Transepithelial passage of protein was proven by its demonstration within the lysosomal systems of macrophages and nerves in the lamina propria. The demonstration of exogenous protein within the macrophage system of the colon is of interest in view of the putative allergic basis of certain bowel conditions. PMID- 7216908 TI - Non-synaptic membrane specializations on the necks of Purkinje cell dentritic spines. AB - Non-synaptic membrane contacts were found on the necks of the Purkinje cell dendritic spines between the spine and astrocyte plasma membranes. They were tight- or gap-junction-like and disappeared after short periods of anoxia. No similar membrane contacts were found on the most common type of pyramidal cell dendrite spine. It is suggested that the described contacts could influence the movement of ions in the neck area. PMID- 7216909 TI - Relationships of the visual cortex in the marsupial brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, a horseradish peroxidase and autoradiographic study. AB - The ascending and descending relationships of visual cortex in Trichosurus were determined using HRP and autoradiographic methods. The visual thalamus, LGNd and LP, was found to project to three cytoarchitecturally distinct areas of cortex with each of these regions displaying differing patterns of connectivity with other centres. The striate and peristriate cortices received homotypically organized projections from LGNd as well as projections from both divisions of LP. The posterior parietal cortex received projections from both LGNd and LP as well as from the latero-intermediate, posterior, ventroanterior and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. The cortical projection fields of LGNd and LP were co-extensive. Descending projections to thalamic centres were reciprocal with the exception of a descending only projection to the thalamic reticular nucleus. The striatogeniculate projection was homotypically organized as was the striatocollicular projection which extended only to the superficial layers of that nucleus. The posterior parietal projection to the superior colliculus involved the deeper layers of that nucleus. The entire visual cortex projected to the pretectum and to the pontine nuclei. The organization of visual cortex in Trichosurus differs from that reported in the American marsupial, Didelphis, in that the LGNd and LP complexes possess a very broad and co-extensive cortical projection, a finding substantially different to what has been reported in placental mammals as well. The organization of thalamic relationships with the posterior parietal cortex would also appear to be unusual with this region receiving convergent projections from at least seven separate thalamic nuclei. PMID- 7216910 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of feline intrapulmonary ganglia. AB - Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to study peribronchial ganglia of cats. An osmiophilic substance that is selectively taken up into the synaptic vesicles of adrenergic nerves (5-hydroxydopamine) was used to help differentiate adrenergic and non-adrenergic terminals. Peribronchial ganglion cells show no catecholamine fluorescence and are unaffected by 5-hydroxy dopamine. There are three types of efferent terminals in the ganglia: cholinergic terminals, terminals with small agranular round and flat vesicles and terminals that contain large dense-core vesicles as well as small vesicles and tubules that take up 5-hydroxydopamine. Clusters of SIF cells are associated with some peribronchial ganglia. It is suggested that peribronchial ganglion cells integrate synaptic input from two or three types of nerve terminals and may also be affected by catecholamines released into the bronchial vascular system by SIF cells. PMID- 7216911 TI - The effect of vagotomy on the distribution of sulphomucin-containing cells in the rat pyloric antrum. AB - The present histological investigation showed that bilateral truncal vagotomy (with accompanying pyloroplasty) reduced the sulphomucin-containing cell population of the pyloric antral mucosa of the rat stomach. Although this did not reach statistical significance (95% confidence limits), study of the absolute distribution of the sulphomucin-containing cells showed that significantly fewer of these cells were situated in the basal third of the mucosa as a result of the operation. A study of the percentage distribution revealed that a much higher percentage of sulphomucin-containing cells was present in the middle third of the mucosa in vagotomized rats than in the corresponding regions of the control stomachs. Thus, vagotomy and pyloroplasty had effected a redistribution of the sulphomucin-containing cells in the pyloric antrum. The possible explanation and significance of this finding are discussed. PMID- 7216912 TI - Quantitative histological studies on the spleen of ducks after neonatal thymectomy and bursectomy. AB - The duck spleen was examined histoplanimetrically after neonatal surgical thymectomy, cyclophosphamide treatment, and/or X-ray irradiation. The development of the periarterial lymphoid tissues, which consisted mainly of small lymphocytes, was inhibited in the spleen of the Tx and Tx-X ducks. The peri ellipsoidal lymphoid tissues, consisting of pyroninophilic medium or large sized lymphocytes, was greatly depleted in the Bx and/or CY ducks. The germinal centres also showed probable bursa dependency. On the other hand, the development of the perivenous lymphoid tissue was not inhibited after Tx and Bx. A number of plasma cells was distributed in the red pulp of the Bx and/or CY duck spleen. PMID- 7216913 TI - Innervation of the human gastric wall. AB - The intrinsic innervation of the human gastric wall was studied by means of (1) demonstration of the acetylcholinesterase activity, (2) fluorescence microscopy, and (3) electron microscopy. The cholinergic innervation was rich: in the mucosa, a dense three dimensional network consisting of single delicate varicose acetylcholinesterase-positive axons and small nerve fascicles was observed in close relation to the gastric glands. In the submucosa, large nerve trunks and densely woven plexuses mainly consisting of single varicose axons (obviously perivascular plexuses)) were seen. In the muscularis external, a small-meshed net consisting of single varicose axons and nerve fascicles was observed. The ganglia of the myenteric plexus were small and scattered irregularly between and within the muscle layers. Most of the nerve cells exhibited moderate to intense acetylcholinesterase activity. In the serosa, only a few nerves were observed. By fluorescence microscopy, an abundance of brightly yellow fluorescing irregularly fusiform enterochromaffin cells was observed in the epithelial lining of the antral glands. The parietal cells of the fundic glands exhibited a granular, yellow to orange autofluorescence. Fluorescing axons were seen in intimate relation to some enterochromaffin cells, whereas most enterochromaffin cells and parietal cells did not receive any direct functional adrenergic innervation. In the other tissue layers, only a few fluorescing nerves were seen. The main ultrastructural characteristics of the intrinsic innervation of the mucosa were: (1) 'Innervation fasciculee'; (2) the axons were unmyelinated; (3) two main types of nerve terminals were identified according to their vesicle population(s): (a) nerve terminals containing only clear vesicles, (b) nerve terminals containing clear vesicles and large dense-cored vesicles. Most of the axons and nerve terminals within the nerve fascicles were acetylcholinesterase-positive. The nerve terminals were separated from the gastric glands (and the parietal cells, chief cells and endocrine cells of their epithelial lining) by a considerable gap so that it seems unlikely that the gastric glands, parietal cells, chief cells and endocrine cells receive a direct innervation in the sense of synaptic neurotransmission; the transmitter substance must diffuse across a wide gap. In contrast, the endocrine cells were in close contact with the parietal cells and chief cells, and occasional membrane specialization (desmosomes) reinforce the assumption that (also) direct local humoral interaction may be possible. In addition, a large number of mast cells was observed in the lamina propria, many lying as close to glandular cells (parietal cells, chief cells and endocrine cells) as were the nearest nerve terminals. PMID- 7216914 TI - The permanent anatomical effects of neonatal capsaicin on somatosensory nerves. AB - The effects of neonatal capsaicin on the fibre populations of peripheral somatosensory nerves have been investigated in adult mouse sural nerve and rat saphenous nerve. One or two doses of capsaicin, 50 mg/kg, given in the first few days of life, caused a permanent 50% reduction in the number of unmyelinated axons in mouse sural nerve and a 64% reduction in rat saphenous nerve, compared with untreated controls. Schwann cell sub-units were also reduced in number, and on average contained fewer axons than controls. The number and size distribution of myelinated fibres were not affected by capsaicin. Active degeneration was seen in only a few unmyelinated axons, and a small number of denervated Schwann cell bands was present. There were no signs of unmyelinated fibre regeneration. It is concluded that neonatal capsaicin produces selective degeneration of unmyelinated axons in the neonatal period which has effectively reached its full extent by early adult life. PMID- 7216917 TI - A reappraisal of the anatomy of the human lumbar erector spinae. AB - In the lumbar region the longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis lumborum are separated by the erector spinae aponeurosis and its ventral reflection--the lumbar intermuscular aponeurosis. Lumbar fibres of the longissimus arise from the ilium and the lumbar intermuscular aponeurosis and insert into the accessory processes and proximal ends of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. Lumbar fibres of iliocostalis insert into the costal elements of the first four lumbar vertebrae. The lumbar insertions of these muscles are homologous to their thoracic insertions. The lumbar intermuscular aponeurosis is homologous to the lumbar intermuscular septum in the dog, cat and monkey. The details of attachment of the lumbar fibres of the erector spinae and of the lumbar intermuscular aponeurosis should be taken into account in biomechanical analyses of the lumbar vertebral column. PMID- 7216915 TI - The weight of the human thymus gland at necropsy. AB - The wet, lipid and lean dry weights of 574 thymus glands from Coroner's necropsies were examined for age-related changes. Despite enormous variation in wet and lipid weights at all ages there was a gradual decrease in wet weight with age and a significant increase in lipid weight until 40--50 years of age, with little change thereafter. There was a small decrease in lean dry weight with age, but it is not known if this reflects a change in cellularity. Multiple regression analysis showed that lower wet and lipid thymic weights were associated with long term stressful conditions, and higher weights with deaths from asphyxia (largely in younger persons) and five groups of cardiovascular conditions. The percentage of lipid in these groups was not increased. PMID- 7216918 TI - The primate caecum and appendix vermiformis: a comparative study. AB - The examination of the caecum of two groups of cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys, two orang-utans and a chimpanzee, as well as an extensive review of the available literature, confirmed that the length of the caecum, relative to that of the colon, decreased as the position of the species in the primate scale rose. Although absent in prosimians and New World monkeys, there was evidence that the appendix vermiformis began to develop in certain Old World monkeys and became fully developed in the anthropoid apes, showing that, far from being a vestigial organ, it has actually developed progressively in primates. PMID- 7216916 TI - Fine structure of the liver in the larval lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L.; bile ducts and gall bladder. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to describe ultrastructural characteristics of hepatic bile ducts and the gall bladder in larvae of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, using freeze--fracture replicas as well as ultrathin sections. Comparison of these structures with those of other vertebrates was necessary to provide a basis in future studies for characterization of biliary degeneration during metamorphosis. The bile ducts were composed of a simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium with the cells separated by wide lateral intercellular spaces and containing a prominent brush border. Vacuole-like intracytoplasmic cisternae formed a peripheral network within the cells and were confluent with intercellular spaces at the site of numerous pores in the lateral plasma membranes. The cells were joined apically by well developed zonulae occludentes surmounting zonulae adhaerentes. The zonulae occludentes, as observed in freeze--fracture replicas, appeared as a honeycomb-like meshwork. Frequent gaps in P-face ridges suggested a 'leaky' epithelium. The cytoplasm of bile duct cells contained few organelles except for large numbers of mitochondria; many microfilaments were present. The ultrastructural features of those cells reflected an epithelium specialized for absorption and transport and they were similar to cells of the bile ducts in other vertebrates. The general organization of epithelium in the gall bladder resembled that of bile ducts, but intercellular spaces were narrower, peripheral pores and cisternae were absent laterally, and the brush border was less extensively developed at the apical surface. The cytoplasm also contained large pools of glycogen and numerous microfilaments were situated in the apical ectoplasm. The overall appearance of the gall bladder of lampreys suggested that the epithelium was less specialized compared to the water transporting organs of other vertebrate species. PMID- 7216919 TI - The human vertebral column at the end of the embryonic period proper. 1. The column as a whole. AB - The present investigation of the vertebral column at 8 post-ovulatory weeks, the first such study based on precise reconstructions, has revealed 33 or 34 cartilaginous vertebrae arranged in flexion and approximately 20--33 mm in total length. At the end of the embryonic period proper, a typical vertebra, such as TV6, consists of a centrum that is continuous with two neural processes. Pedicles, articular and transverse processes, but no spinous processes, are identifiable. The tips of the neural processes, which are formed by the laminae, are connected by fibrous tissue and resemble the condition of total rachischisis. The union of the laminae, the onset of ossification, and the appearance of articular cavities are characteristic of the early fetal period. The variations encountered within a single developmental stage were noted. They were mostly minor, e.g. the number of coccygeal elements and the extent of the dorsal growth of the neural processes. PMID- 7216920 TI - Mitotic division of oligodendrocytes which have begun myelination. AB - Examination of spinal cords of 5 days old mice showed a number of examples of oligodendrocytes, in various phases of mitosis, which remained in contact with the axons which they were myelinating. Cells in prophases had thick processes between the perikaryon and the myelinating axons but as mitosis proceeded the oligodendrocyte processes became thin and spider-like, probably due to the extrusion of cytoplasm from the processes into the perikaryon. Mitotic astrocytes were also present. PMID- 7216921 TI - Demonstrating the fibular collateral ligament. AB - A posture is described which allows palpation of the fibular collateral ligament of the knee as an isolated structure. Visual identification is also possible. This is of interest to the clinician and student of surface anatomy. PMID- 7216924 TI - Growth of bacteria on meat at room temperatures. PMID- 7216922 TI - A note on bile acids transformations by strains of Bifidobacterium. PMID- 7216923 TI - Effect of nutrients upon Streptococcus mutans BHT and Streptococcus mitior LPA-1 growing in pure or mixed culture on human teeth in an artificial mouth. PMID- 7216925 TI - Establishment of ureolytic staphylococci in the rumen of gnotobiotic lambs. PMID- 7216926 TI - Quality control of solid culture media: a comparison of the classic and the so called ecometric technique. PMID- 7216927 TI - The diagnosis of pneumococcal chest infection by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7216928 TI - "Do I have to be good all day? The timing of delayed reinforcement as a factor in generalization. AB - Delayed reinforcement, sometimes delivered just after the setting in which the critical behavior had occurred (Early), and sometimes delivered only after several further settings had been encountered (Late), was used to improve a variety of behaviors in seven preschool children, and to control their generalization. Performance of those behaviors was measured in two classroom settings: the Contingent setting, within which performance of the specified behavior determined the latter (Early or Late) reinforcement, and the Generalization setting, in which there were no experimental contingencies, immediate or delayed, for the performance of the same behavior. Performances by all children in the Contingent setting were controlled by delayed reinforcement, whether Early or late. All children showed consistent generalization from the Contingent setting to the Generalization setting during the Late condition, when reinforcement was delivered at the end of the school day. Generalization did not occur during the Early condition, when reinforcement was provided immediately after the Contingent setting (prior to the Generalization setting), unless that condition had been preceded by a Late condition (as it was for S6 and S7). The results suggest that the Late timing of delayed reinforcement was an effective and efficient generalization-promotion technique for performances that did not generalize spontaneously. PMID- 7216929 TI - Behavioral self-control of stuttering using time-out from speaking. AB - Research has shown that stuttering may be attenuated by a variety of response contingent consequences. To date, however, few attempts have been made to develop comprehensive clinical procedures based on the operant manipulation of stuttering. The present research examined the efficacy of self-initiated response contingent time-out from speaking in two experiments involving a single subject. Multiple baseline designs were used in which the subject's speech was monitored in a variety of laboratory and community settings. In Experiment 1, the time-out procedure produced reliable reductions in disfluency across all observational settings. Experiment 2 combined a response-cost contingency with time-out in an attempt to increase the reliability with which the subject timed himself out, and to increase further the effectiveness of the procedure. Increases in reliability were produced, and the associated improvements in fluency were maintained at 6- and 12-months' follow-up. PMID- 7216931 TI - The effects of rearranging ward routines on communication and eating behaviors of psychogeriatric patients. AB - Several aspects of ward routine were changed to study the effects of environmental manipulation on the behavior of 21 psychogeriatric patients. Furniture was rearranged to be more conductive to conversation (i.e., grouped around tables instead of along corridor walls), and mealtime routines were changed to allow patients more time to eat, more freedom in choosing the composition of the meal, and more pleasant surroundings. Patients were divided into experimental and control groups, and data were collected on the frequency of verbal and tactile communication and degree of skill in eating behavior. Following baseline, environmental changes were introduced across behaviors. Results show that the frequency of communication increased for the experimental group, as compared to both baseline and the control group. Eating behavior also improved significantly for the experimental group. The study shows that minor changes in the physical environment can promote therapeutic change in the behavior of patients diagnosed as senile dementia. PMID- 7216930 TI - Normal peer models and autistic children's learning. AB - Present research and legislation regarding mainstreaming autistic children into normal classrooms have raised the importance of studying whether autistic children can benefit from observing normal peer models. The present investigation systematically assessed whether autistic children's learning of discrimination tasks could be improved if they observed normal children perform the tasks correctly. In the context of a multiple baseline design, four autistic children worked on five discrimination tasks that their teachers reported were posing difficulty. Throughout the baseline condition the children evidenced very low levels of correct responding on all five tasks. In the subsequent treatment condition, when normal peers modeled correct responses, the autistic children's correct responding increased dramatically. In each case, the peer modeling procedure produced rapid achievement of the acquisition which was maintained after the peer models were removed. These results are discussed in relation to issues concerning observational learning and in relation to the implications for mainstreaming autistic children into normal classrooms. PMID- 7216932 TI - Response-reinforcer relationships and improved learning in autistic children. AB - In order to affect more rapid response acquisition for autistic children, researchers have recently begun to investigate the functional relationships of reinforcers to other components of the operant conditioning paradigm. Previous research suggested that functional relationships between target behaviors and reinforcers might be especially effective. For example, locating a reward inside a container might be a more efficient way to teach a child to open the container than by handling the child a reward for opening an empty container. The present experiment assessed, within a multiple baseline design, the possibility of improving autistic children's learning by changing arbitrary response-reinforcer relationships (while holding target behaviors and reinforcers constant) so that the target behaviors became functional (i.e., a direct part of the response chain required for the child to procure the reinforcer). The results showed that: (1) arranging functional response-reinforcer relationships produced immediate improvement in the children's learning, and resulted in rapid acquisition of criterion level responding; and (2) high levels of correct responding initially produced by functional response-reinforcer relationships were continued even when previously ineffective arbitrary response-reinforcer conditions were reinstated. The results are discussed in terms of understanding and improving autistic children's learning. PMID- 7216934 TI - The treatment of schistosomiasis. PMID- 7216933 TI - Identifying the educative and suppressive effects of positive practice and restitutional overcorrection. AB - Two major features of the overcorrection procedure, restitution and positive practice, were analyzed for their educative and suppressive properties in the treatment of profoundly retarded adults. Positive practice techniques that were topographically similar and dissimilar to the target behavior were studied. Eating behavior and puzzle performance were observed. Restitutional overcorrection and both forms of positive practice were effective for suppressing inappropriate behaviors. Even when appropriate behaviors had been acquired by positive practice, restitution and dissimilar positive practice were generally ineffective for increasing their rate of occurrence. However, topographically similar positive practice was successful as a means of teaching new appropriate behaviors. PMID- 7216935 TI - Therapeutic antibiotics in veterinary practice. PMID- 7216936 TI - Sensitivity testing by the break-point method. PMID- 7216937 TI - Cefuroxime levels attained in tissues and wound exudates from severely ischaemic limbs. PMID- 7216938 TI - Antibiotic concentrations in human parapneumonic effusions. PMID- 7216940 TI - Gentamicin fluoroimmunoassay kit. PMID- 7216939 TI - Cardiac depressant effects of some recent aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 7216941 TI - Bacteroides fragilis resistant to clindamycin. PMID- 7216942 TI - Parenteral amoxycillin in the treatment of acute pneumonia. PMID- 7216943 TI - A second relapse of Clostridium difficile colitis. PMID- 7216944 TI - Techniques for photography of cardiovascular surgery. PMID- 7216945 TI - Creative photographic illustration: a team approach. PMID- 7216946 TI - Developing films for high speed, high resolution and high gamma. PMID- 7216947 TI - Slides of fluorescein angiograms with an illumitran copy unit. PMID- 7216949 TI - Medical photographer's role in protecting a patient's right to privacy. PMID- 7216948 TI - "Tricks of the trade:" techniques and equipment modification applicable to the preparation of plates of photographs. PMID- 7216950 TI - "Super color" title and line art slides. PMID- 7216951 TI - Evaluation of a self-help education-exercise program for asthmatic children and their parents: six-month follow-up. AB - A program evaluation was conducted on a sample of 40 families with asthmatic children who were managed in private practice and participated in a self-help education-exercise program in Denver. Baseline measures were collected for the six-month period before the program, and follow-up measures were collected for the six-month period following completion of the eight-week program. The results indicated that a significant number of children experienced less debilitation after completing the program and also had less need of medical services. The interpersonal relations between the child and the parents were judged to have improved in a significant number of families, and a significant number of mothers reported that they experienced less emotional distress in getting a significant number of parents to quit smoking. Additional evaluations are recommended with a sample of asthmatic children who are more severely debilitated and more difficult to manage. PMID- 7216952 TI - Ventilatory function alterations and variability in asthma. PMID- 7216953 TI - Developmental and endocrine aspects of respiratory allergy. PMID- 7216954 TI - The selection of atopic allergens. PMID- 7216955 TI - Tracheobronchial mucus: abnormalities related to asthma and its treatment. AB - The presence of mucociliary dysfunction in bronchial asthma is suggested by clinical observations and has been confirmed by pathologic and physiologic studies. Since mucociliary dysfunction may play a considerable role in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma, currently available therapeutic measures which enhance mucous transport should be included in the treatment plan. It is expected that a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms will ultimately result in the development of more potent pharmacologic agents capable of improving abnormal mucociliary function. PMID- 7216956 TI - Theophylline: the concept of sustained action. PMID- 7216957 TI - Adrenergic compounds and corticosteroids. PMID- 7216959 TI - Reagin and the U.S. presidency. PMID- 7216958 TI - Digital clubbing in children with chronic asthma---a clinical experience at Kings County Hospital. PMID- 7216961 TI - Intravenous diazoxide in the management of severe hypertension. PMID- 7216960 TI - Bender-Gestalt performance and recall in an asthmatic sample. AB - In a sample of intractable adult asthmatics, the prevalence of Bender-Gestalt signs suggestive of neuropsychological problems was documented. Sixty-five per cent of the sample was found to have equivocal or definite Bender-Gestalt signs suggestive of cerebral dysfunction. A clear majority of the asthmatics manifested definite signs of memory impairment when they were asked to recall the Bender designs. The study provides the first documentation of the neuropsychological sequelae of asthma in adults. PMID- 7216963 TI - Certain erythrocyte constituents in subjects having subnormal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 7216962 TI - Prolapse mitral valve syndrome. PMID- 7216965 TI - Blood groups and secretor status in non-neoplastic lesions of oral mucosa. PMID- 7216966 TI - Paradoxical use of an alpha adrenoceptor agonist (methoxamine) an an antihypertensive. PMID- 7216967 TI - Blood pressure in the teenage. PMID- 7216964 TI - Digitalisation regimes: a prospective study with serum digoxin correlation in an Indian population. PMID- 7216968 TI - Effect of glucose load on blood recalcification time (BRCT). PMID- 7216970 TI - Plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease. PMID- 7216969 TI - A comparative evaluation of aldactide and methyldopa in the management of benign essential hypertension. PMID- 7216971 TI - Intravenous sodium nitroprusside in severe hypertension and hypertensive emergencies. PMID- 7216972 TI - Diabetes in the hypertensive. PMID- 7216973 TI - Systolic time intervals-normal values and fresh regression in North Indian adults. PMID- 7216974 TI - Clinical spectrum of neurotuberculosis in adults. PMID- 7216975 TI - A clinical and bacteriological study of tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 7216976 TI - Value of auscultation in evaluating congenital heart disease. PMID- 7216977 TI - Neurotuberculosis. PMID- 7216978 TI - IgM-IgA deficiency in a patient with Hansen's disease and amyloidosis. PMID- 7216979 TI - Bernard Soulier's syndrome. PMID- 7216980 TI - Pentazocine-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 7216981 TI - Food for heart. PMID- 7216982 TI - Radiological study of urinary tract in cases of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7216983 TI - Extraintestinal amoebiasis--a clinical and serological study. PMID- 7216984 TI - Herpes-zoster in malignancy. PMID- 7216986 TI - Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). PMID- 7216985 TI - Pure red cell aplasia with thymoma. PMID- 7216987 TI - Acute tubular necrosis in march haemoglobinuria. PMID- 7216988 TI - P. vivax malaria complicated by peripheral neuropathy with electrophysiological studies. PMID- 7216989 TI - [Contrast enhancement of cerebral infarction in computer tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216991 TI - [Double contrast study of the upper digestive tract with the use of glucagon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216990 TI - [Radiation enteritis of small intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216992 TI - [Comparison between arteriography and phlebography in diagnosis and staging of vesical tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216993 TI - [Thorotrast kidney and multiple malignancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216994 TI - Barium impaction and colonic perforation after barium meal. PMID- 7216995 TI - [Tumor in the region of Vater's ampulla. A radiological-surgical confrontation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216996 TI - Bone scintigraphy in osteoid osteoma. Report of three cases. PMID- 7216997 TI - [Spinal tumors. Diagnostic value of angiography of the spinal cord in cases of cervical meningioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7216998 TI - Control of membrane lipids in Mycoplasma gallisepticum: effect on lipid order. AB - Adaptation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, a sterol-requiring Mycoplasma sp., to growth in a serum-free medium supplemented with cholesterol in decreasing concentrations and with various saturated or unsaturated fatty acids enabled us to control both the cholesterol levels and the membrane fatty acid composition. An estimate of the membrane physical state from fluorescence polarization of 1,6 diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene indicated that the membrane lipids of native M. gallisepticum were highly ordered. Elongation of the saturated fatty acid chains from 14 to 18 carbon atoms caused only a small increase in the membrane lipid ordering, whereas the introduction of a cis double bond reduced it significantly. Lipid-phase transitions were observed in low-cholesterol-adapted organisms, whose membrane lipids were still highly ordered at the growth temperature. PMID- 7217000 TI - Ethanol production by thermophilic bacteria: metabolic control of end product formation in Thermoanaerobium brockii. AB - Specific changes in the chemical and microbial composition of Thermoanaerobium brockii fermentations were compared and related to alterations of process rates, end product yields, and growth parameters. Fermentation of starch as compared with glucose was associated with significant decreases in growth rate and intracellular fructose-1,6-bisphosphate concentration and with a dramatic increase in the ethanol/lactate product ratio. Glucose or pyruvate fermentation in the presence of acetone was correlated with increased substrate consumption, growth (both rate and yield), acetate yield, and quantitative reduction of acetone to isopropanol in lieu of normal reduced fermentation products (i.e., H2, ethanol, lactate). Acetone altered pyruvate phosphoroclastic activity of cell extracts in that H2, lactate, and ethanol levels decreased, whereas the acetate concentration increased. Glucose fermentation in the presence of exogenous hydrogen was associated with inhibition of endogenous H2 production and either increased ethanol/acetate product ratios and decreased growth at less than 0.5 atm (51 kPa) of H2 or total growth inhibition at 1.0 atm (102 kPA). The effects of exogenous hydrogen on glucose fermentation were totally reversed by the addition of acetone. Glucose fermentation in coculture with Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum correlated with increased growth (both rate and yield), acetate yield, and the formation of methane in lieu of monoculture reduced products. In coculture, but not monoculture, T. brockii grew on ethanol as the energy source, and acetate and methane were the end products as a direct consequence of hydrogen consumption by the methanogen. PMID- 7216999 TI - Catabolism of pseudocumene and 3-ethyltoluene by Pseudomonas putida (arvilla) mt 2: evidence for new functions of the TOL (pWWO) plasmid. AB - Pseudocumene (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) and 3-ethyltoluene were found to serve as growth substrates for Pseudomonas putida (arvilla) mt-2, in addition to toluene, m-xylene, and p-xylene as previously described. Similar observations were made with several additional P. putida strains also capable of growth with toluene and the xylenes. Additional substrates which supported the growth of these organisms included 3,4-dimethylbenzyl alcohol, 3,4-dimethylbenzoate, and 3-ethylbenzoate. P. putida mt-2 cells grown either with toluene or pseudocumene rapidly oxidized toluene, pseudocumene, and 3-ethyltoluene as well as 3,4-dimethylbenzoate, 3 ethylbenzoate, 3,4-dimethylcatechol, and 3-ethylcatechol. Cell extracts from similarly grown P. putida mt-2 cells catalyzed a meta fission of 3,4 dimethylcatechol and 3-ethylcatechol to compounds having the spectral properties of 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-oxo-2,4-heptadienoate and 2-hydroxy-6-ox-2,4 octadienoate, respectively. The further metabolism of these intermediates was shown to be independent of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and resulted in the formation of essentially equimolar amounts of pyruvate, indicating that each ring fission product was degraded via the hydrolytic branch of the meta fission pathway. Treatment of cells with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine led to the isolation of a mutant, which when grown with succinate in the presence of pseudocumene or 3-ethyltoluene accumulated 3,4 dimethylcatechol or 3-ethylcatechol. Cells unable to utilize toluene, m-xylene, and p-xylene, obtained by growth in benzoate, also lost the ability to utilize pseudocumene and 3-ethyltoluene. The ability to utilize these substrates could be reacquired by incubation with a leucine auxotroph otherwise able to grow on all of the aromatic substrates. PMID- 7217001 TI - Analysis of multiple isoenzyme expression among twenty-two species of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma. AB - Crude extracts of triple-cloned, purified cultures of 22 species of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma were examined for expression of 21 isozyme systems routinely used to type mammalian cells. Nine previously described enzymes (purine nucleoside phosphorylase, adenylate kinase, dipeptidase, esterase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose phosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase) and three enzymes not previously reported in mycoplasma (triose phosphate isomerase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, and acid phosphatase) were detected in some or all of the species examined. These findings provide new information on the enzymatic expressions of these organisms. Three of the isozyme systems (superoxide dismutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) were present in Acholeplasma species but not in any Mycoplasma species. The characteristic pattern of electrophoretic mobility of the 12 isozyme systems also provides a useful biochemical property for identification, characterization, and classification of these mycoplasmas. Mycoplasma isozyme expression for seven of the enzymes were readily detected in various infected cell culture lines by using either cell extracts or concentrated cell culture fluids. Mycoplasma-specific enzymes found in infected-cell extracts had the same electrophoretic mobility patterns as enzymes obtained from broth-grown mycoplasmas of the same species. Expression of homologous mammalian enzymes was not detectably altered by infection with mycoplasmas. PMID- 7217002 TI - Suppression of dnaC alleles by the dnaB analog (ban protein) of bacteriophage P1. AB - The dnaB analog protein produced by the ban gene of bacteriophage P1 was shown to suppress several Escherichia coli dnaC alleles. Suppression of dnaC7 temperature sensitivity in P1 lysogens of a dnaC7 mutant was complete at all temperatures. For the dnaC2 and dnaC28 alleles, suppression was observed only at intermediate temperatures. Though these intermediate temperatures were sufficient to completely restrict the mutants, at higher temperatures the suppression was not observed. No suppression of the dnaC1 allele was detected. These results have implications concerning the requirement for the dnaB-dnaC complex at the various stages of deoxyribonucleic acid replication. PMID- 7217004 TI - Stereological analysis of plasmolysis in logarithmic-phase Bacillus licheniformis. AB - The plasmolytic response of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C cells to the increasing osmolarity of the surrounding medium was quantitated with stereological techniques. Plasmolysis was defined as the area (in square micrometers) of the inside surface of the bacterial wall not in association with bacterial membrane per unit volume (in cubic micrometers) of bacteria. This plasmolyzed surface area was zero when the cells were suspended in a concentration of sucrose solution lower than 0.5 M, but increased linearly when the sucrose molarity rose above 0.5 M, reaching a plateau value of 3.61 micrometers2/micrometers3 in 2 M sucrose. In contrast, when the bacterial cells were treated with lysozyme plasmolysis increased abruptly from 0.06 micrometers2/micrometers3 in 0.75 M sucrose to 4.09 micrometers2/micrometers3 in 1 M sucrose. When the time of exposure was prolonged, the degree of plasmolysis increased gradually for the duration of the experiment (30 min) after exposure to 1 M sucrose without lysozyme, whereas with lysozyme plasmolysis reached a maximum (4.09 micrograms2/micrometers3) in 2 to 5 min. The examination of ultrastructure showed that the protoplast bodies of lysozyme-treated cells in 1 M sucrose and untreated cells in 2 M sucrose are maximally retracted from the intact wall of the bacteria; hardly any retraction of protoplasts could be seen for untreated cells in 1 M sucrose. The data suggest that the B. licheniformis cells are isoosmotic to 800 to 1,100 mosM solutions, but are able to withstand much greater osmotic pressure with no signs of plasmolysis because the cell wall and the plasma membrane are held in close association, perhaps by a covalent bond. It is likely that lysozyme weakens this bond by degradation of the peptidoglycan layer. Cellular autolysis also weakens this wall-membrane association. PMID- 7217003 TI - Recovery of competence in calcium-limited Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - Azotobacter vinelandii cells required 0.5 mM calcium in the iron-limited competence induction medium. This requirement also was fulfilled by strontium, but not by magnesium. Cells pregrown in competence medium lacking calcium rapidly recovered competence with the addition of 0.5 mM calcium, provided they were suspended in the growth supernatant. A 60,000-dalton glycoprotein (pI 5.10) present in competent or incompetent culture supernatants participated in calcium mediated competence recovery. Cells grown in calcium-limited medium appeared to have leaky cell envelopes and released a diverse array of proteins into the culture supernatant and into distilled water washes of the cells, seven of which appeared to be more dominant in competent cells. Two distilled water washes of cells grown in calcium-limited medium did not prevent calcium-mediated recovery of competence in the culture supernatant. Four to six distilled water washes removed a competence-specific protein (pI 5.19) and prevented calcium-mediated recovery of competence in the culture supernatant. PMID- 7217005 TI - Identification of a major envelope protein in Chlamydia spp. AB - A major cell envelope protein of Chlamydia psittaci with a molecular weight of approximately 43,000 was identified and partially characterized. It was present at all stages of the C. psittaci developmental cycle. A major protein with a similar molecular weight was also observed in two Chlamydia trachomatis strains. PMID- 7217006 TI - Degradation of 4-chlorophenylacetic acid by a Pseudomonas species. AB - Pseudomonas sp. strain CBS3 was able to utilize 4-chlorophenylacetic acid as the sole source of carbon and energy. When this strain was grown with 4 chlorophenylacetic acid, homoprotocatechuic acid was found to be an intermediate which was further metabolized by the meta-cleavage pathway. Furthermore, three isomers of chlorohydroxyphenylacetic acid, two of them identified as 3-chloro-4 hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-chloro-3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, were isolated from the culture medium. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid was catabolized in a different manner by the glutathione-dependent homogentisate pathway. Degradation enzymes of both of these pathways were inducible. PMID- 7217007 TI - Transformation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleria protoplasts by plasmid pBC16. AB - Protoplasts of the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleria were transformed by plasmid pBC16. The frequency of transformation was much lower than that of Bacillus subtilis. All isolated B. thuringiensis transformants were characterized by increased sensitivity to lysozyme as compared with the original strain. PMID- 7217008 TI - Metabolism of resorcinylic compounds by bacteria: new pathway for resorcinol catabolism in Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - We present evidence to document a third pathway for the microbial catabolism of resorcinol. Resorcinol is converted to pyrogallol by resorcinol-grown cells of Azotobacter vinelandii. Pyrogallol is the substrate for one of two ring cleavage enzymes induced by growth with resorcinol. Oxalocrotonate, CO2, pyruvate, and acetaldehyde have been identified as products of pyrogallol oxidation catalyzed by extracts of resorcinol-grown cells. The enzymes pyrogallol 1,2-dioxygenase, oxalocrotonate tautomerase (isomerase), oxalocrotonate decarboxylase, and vinylpyruvate hydratase are present in extracts from resorcinol-grown cells but not in succinate-grown cells. PMID- 7217009 TI - Transport of ammonium and methylammonium ions by Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - Ammonium and methylammonium are rapidly taken up by cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii respiring in the presence of succinate. The rate of methylamine uptake increased with external pH from 5.5 to 7.5 but increasing the pH further to 8.5 had little effect on activity, indicating that methylammonium cation rather than uncharged methylamine is the permeant species. The kinetics of methylammonium entry followed the Michaelis-Menten relationship, yielding a K(m) of 25 muM and a V(max) of 3.8 nmol/min per mg of cell protein. At saturating concentrations ammonium was taken up at rates 30-fold higher than those for methylammonium. Ammonium was a competitive inhibitor of methylammonium uptake and gave an inhibition constant of 1 muM. Ammonium derivatives were inhibitors of methylammonium entry in order of effectiveness: hydrazine > methylhydrazine > formamidine > guanidine > dimethylamine > ethylamine; amides and amino acids did not block uptake. Likewise, metal cations inhibited in the order Tl(+) > Cs(+) > Rb(+), whereas Na(+), K(+), and Li(+) produced no significant effect. Methylammonium uptake was blocked in cells exposed to an uncoupler, p-trifluorome thoxycarbonyl cyanide-phenyl hydrazone or gramicidin D, but not with dicyclo hexylcarbodiimide or arsenate. Valinomycin stimulated methylammonium entry into cells in a K(+)-free medium but prevented entry in the presence of 10 mM K(+). Monensin and nigericin had little effect on transport. These results indicate that methylammonium and ammonium ions enter A. vinelandii electrogenically via a specific transporter. PMID- 7217010 TI - Cell wall composition of Micromonospora olivoasterospora, Micromonospora sagamiensis, and related organisms. AB - Cell walls of 19 Micromonospora species were analyzed for their components. All the cell walls had xylose and arabinose, but the presence of glucose, galactose, mannose, or rhamnose depended on the strain. Amino acids present in the walls consisted of glycine, glutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid, and alanine, in a molar ratio of approximately 1:1:1:0.6--0.8. 3-Hydroxydiaminopimelic acid, together with meso-diaminopimelic acid, was found in many species and was isolated from Micromonospora olivoasterospora to compare the color constant in an amino acid analyzer with that of meso-diaminopimelic acid. The cell walls of Micromonospora sagamiensis and M. olivoasterospora contained only D-alanine and not L-alanine. All species tested except Micromonospora globosa contained glycolate in an almost equimolar ratio to diaminopimelic acid in their cell walls. Among 45 strains of 12 genera examined, Actinoplanes, Ampullariella, Amorphosporangium, and Dactylosporangium species had a significant amount of glycolate in the whole cells. Based on these results, the primary structure of the peptidoglycan of Micromonospora is discussed. PMID- 7217011 TI - Regulation of accumulation of ammonium-inducible glutamate dehydrogenase catalytic activity and antigen during the cell cycle of fully induced, synchronous Chlorella sorokiniana cells. AB - By use of a rocket immunoelectrophoresis-activity stain procedure, it was shown that catalytic activity of an ammonium-inducible nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) was accompanied by a coincident increase in enzyme antigen during the cell cycle of preinduced synchronous Chlorella sorokiniana cells growing in the continuous presence of ammonia. Between the fourth and fifth hours of the G-1 phase of the cell cycle, a three- to fourfold increase in linear accumulation of enzyme antigen was observed. Pulse-chase studies with [35S]sulfate, coupled with a specific indirect immunoadsorption procedure for enzyme antigen, showed that NADP GDH antigen undergoes continuous degradation (i.e., a half-life of 88 to 110 min) during its linear pattern of accumulation during the cell cycle. The apparent half-life of the enzyme increased by approximately 23% of the 4.5-h positive rate change in antigen accumulation during the cell cycle. This increase in half-life is insufficient in itself to account for the large change in rate of NADP-GDH antigen accumulation. The data from immunoelectrophoresis, pulse-chase, and initial 35S incorporation rate experiments taken together support the inference that changes in the rate of NADP-GDH synthesis are primarily responsible for the accumulation patterns of NADP-GDH activity during the C. sorokiniana cell cycle. PMID- 7217012 TI - Evidence for messenger ribonucleic acid of an ammonium-inducible glutamate dehydrogenase and synthesis, covalent modification, and degradation of enzyme subunits in uninduced Chlorella sorokiniana cells. AB - The cells of Chlorella sorokiniana cultured in nitrate medium contain no detectable catalytic activity of an ammonium-inducible nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH). However, several lines of experimental evidence indicated that the NADP-GDH messenger ribonucleic acid was present at high levels and was being translated in uninduced cells. First, binding studies with 125I-labeled anti-NADP-GDH immunoglobulin G and total polysomes isolated from uninduced and induced cells showed that NADP GDH subunits were being synthesized on polysomes from both types of cells. Second, when polyadenylic acid-containing ribonucleic acid was extracted from polysomes from uninduced and induced cells and placed into a messenger ribonucleic acid-dependent in vitro translation system, NADP-GDH subunits were synthesized from the ribonucleic acid from both sources. Third, when ammonia was added to uninduced cells, NADP-GDH antigen accumulated without an apparent induction lag. Fourth, by use of a specific immunoprecipitation procedure coupled to pulse-chase studies with [35S]sulfate, it was shown that the NADP-GDH subunits are rapidly synthesized, covalently modified, and then degraded in uninduced cells. PMID- 7217013 TI - Plasmid specifying total degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate by a modified ortho pathway. AB - A plasmid, termed pAC25, specifying biodegradation of 3-chlorobenzoate in a strain of Pseudomonas putida has been characterized. During growth of the plasmid harboring cells with 3-chlorobenzoate, there was an accumulation of 3 chlorocatechol and beta-chloromuconic acid as intermediates and release of more than 80% of the chlorine in the form of inorganic chloride. The plasmid had a mean molecular mass of 68 x 10(6) daltons and was transmissible to a number of Pseudomonas species such as P. aeruginosa, P. putida strain PpG1, and P. putida strain PRS1. Transfer of pAC25 to various catechol-negative mutants of P. putida strain PRS1 showed that the chromosomally coded pyrocatechase was not complemented by the plasmid-specified pyrocatechase, which appeared to be specific for the chlorinated catechols. In contrast to benzoate, which was metabolized by the ortho pathway through beta-ketoadipate as an intermediate, the plasmid specified ortho cleavage of the chlorocatechols through maleylacetate as an intermediate. PMID- 7217014 TI - Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid and translucent-to-opaque variation in Mycobacterium intracellulare 103. AB - After treatment with mitomycin D and other antibacterial agents, a translucent, smooth-colony-forming mycobacterium, isolated from sputum and designated as Mycobacterium intracellulare strain 103, gave rise to variants forming opaque colonies. These opaque variants were more sensitive streptomycin, kanamycin, viomycin, and rifampin than were the wild-type translucent variants. Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acids taken from translucent strain cells and from cells of certain opaque variants were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Two plasmids of molecular weights of approximately 2 x 10(6) and 50 x 10(6), respectively, were found in the wild-type translucent cells; one of them, the 2 x 10(6)-molecular-weight plasmid, was always missing from deoxyribonucleic acids of the opaque variant cells. The results suggested that translucent colonial appearance and antibiotic resistance of the strain are plasmid-determined functions. PMID- 7217015 TI - Isolation of cell size mutants of a fission yeast by a new selective method: characterization of mutants and implications for division control mechanisms. AB - Previously known cell size (wee) mutations of fission yeast suppress the mitotic block caused by a defective cdc25 allele. Some 700 revertants of cdc25-22 were obtained after ultraviolet mutagenesis and selection at the restrictive temperature. Most revertants carried the original cdc25 lesion plus a mutation in or very close to the wee1 gene. Two partial wee1 mutations of a new type were found among the revertants. Two new wee mutations mapping at the cdc2 gene (cdc2 w mutants) were also obtained. The various mutations were examined for their effects on cell division size, their efficiency as cdc25 suppressors, and their dominance relations. Full wee1 mutations were found to suppress cdc25 lesions very efficiently, whereas partial wee1 mutations were poor suppressors. The cdc25 suppression ability of cdc2-w mutations was allele specific for cdc2, suggesting bifunctionality of the gene product. The wee1 mutations were recessive for cdc25 suppression; cdc2-w mutations were dominant. A model is proposed for the genetic control of mitotic timing and cell division size, in which the cdc2+ product is needed and is rate limiting for mitosis. The cdc2+ activity is inhibited by the wee1+ product, whereas the cdc25+ product relieves this inhibition. PMID- 7217016 TI - Peptidoglycan loss during hen egg white lysozyme-inorganic salt lysis of Streptococcus mutans. AB - Streptococcus mutans BHT was grown in Todd-Hewitt dialysate medium containing N acetyl[(14)C]glucosamine for 6 to 11 generations. After treatment with cold and hot trichloroacetic acid and trypsin, 52 to 65% of the radioactivity remained present in insoluble peptidoglycan-containing residues. Hen egg white lysozyme or mutanolysin treatment of the peptidoglycan residues resulted in the release of 80 and 97%, respectively, of the (14)C label to the supernatant fraction. Hydrochloric acid hydrolysates of such supernatants showed that essentially all of the radioactivity present in insoluble peptidoglycan fractions was present in compounds that comigrated on paper chromatography with glucosamine ( approximately 60%) or muramic acid ( approximately 30%). Treatment of whole cells with low and high concentrations of lysozyme alone resulted in losses of 45 and 70% of the insoluble peptidoglycan, respectively, yet release of deoxyribonucleic acid from cells was not detected. Sequential addition of appropriate concentrations of selected inorganic salts after lysozyme treatment did result in the liberation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid release was correlated with a further release of peptidoglycan from the insoluble fraction. However, the total amount of peptidoglycan lost effected by the low concentration of lysozyme and NaSCN (lysis) was significantly less than the amount of peptidoglycan hydrolyzed by high concentrations of lysozyme alone (no lysis), suggesting that the overall amount of peptidoglycan lost did not correlate well with cellular lysis. The total amount of insoluble peptidoglycan lost at the highest salt concentrations tested was found to be greater than could be accounted for by lysozyme-sensitive linkages of the peptidoglycan, possibly implicating autolysins. The results obtained suggested that hydrolysis of peptidoglycan bonds in topologically localized, but strategically important, sites was a more significant factor in the sequence that results in loss of cellular integrity (lysis). PMID- 7217018 TI - Efficacy of translation in the rickettsia Coxiella burnetii. AB - The addition of coliphage Q beta ribonucleic acid to a cell-free translation system obtained from Coxiella burnetii cells caused the formation of monosomes and disomes from ribosomal subunits and resulted in synthesis of viral coat protein. Rickettsial ribosomes and associated translation factors functioned together, with fidelity, efficiency, and a specificity similar to those of free living gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 7217017 TI - Lysis of Streptococcus mutans by hen egg white lysozyme and inorganic sodium salts. AB - Streptococcus mutans BHT was grown in a synthetic medium containing radioactive thymidine to monitor deoxyribonucleic acid release. Kinetic experiments demonstrated that although lysozyme alone could not liberate deoxyribonucleic acid, cellular deoxyribonucleic acid was liberated from lysozyme-treated cells by addition of low concentrations of inorganic sodium salts. When the salts were tested for their ability to dislodge cell-bound tritiated lysozyme, the extent of the initial release of enzyme by individual anions correlated with the anion potency for deoxyribonucleic acid liberation (SCN- greater than ClO4- greater than I- greater than Br- greater than NO3- greater than Cl- greater than F-), although the total amount of lysozyme dislodged did not correspond directly with cell lysis. Differences in the effectiveness of anions (SCN-, HCO3-, Cl- and F-) in potentiating cell lysis could be enhanced or minimized by varying the lysozyme, anion, and bacterial cell concentrations. As the anion concentration was increased for each enzyme concentration and cell concentration, the lysis increased, in some cases markedly, until maximum levels of released deoxyribonucleic acid were attained. The maximum levels of lysis of SCN- and HCO3 were similar and were greater than those for Cl- and F-. In addition, the maximum levels were observed to increase for each of the anions as the concentration of lysozyme increased. PMID- 7217020 TI - Angel dust and psychiatry. PMID- 7217021 TI - Somatic manifestations of caffeinism. AB - Caffeine affects most physiological systems. Few studies, however, have attempted to document which somatic symptoms are commonly associated with caffeinism. To answer this question, the authors evaluated 124 general hospital patients, and compared reported somatic symptoms among low, moderate and high caffeine users. Diuresis, insomnia, withdrawal headache, diarrhea, anxiety, tachycardia and tremulousness were most commonly reported, in descending order of frequency. Differences among high, moderate and low users were common, and some dose response associations were apparent. Most symptoms were explainable by caffeine's known CNS neuropharmacological effects or peripheral pharmacological actions. PMID- 7217019 TI - Transformation of Streptococcus sanguis with monomeric pVA736 plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Monomeric and oligomeric forms of a 5.0 x 10(6)-dalton plasmid (conferring erythromycin resistance) were able to genetically transform naturally competent Streptococcus sanguis. Transformation with electrophoretically purified monomer was a second-order process, whereas transformation with a dye-buoyant density gradient-purified plasmid preparation followed one-hit kinetics. PMID- 7217022 TI - Memory processing with lithium carbonate. AB - The effect of lithium carbonate treatment on the memory processing of manic depressive patients was assessed in three memory tasks. The results suggested that memory performance and the underlying organizational processes are not adversely affected by lithium treatment. PMID- 7217024 TI - Family pathology and father-daughter incest: restricted psychopathy. AB - Father-daughter incest can be found in dysfunctional families of many types. The concept of restricted psychopathy is discussed and examples of this concept in relation ot incest behavior are given. Three cases of father-daughter incest are presented. Ramifications of the concept of restricted psychopathy as it applies to father-daughter incest are discussed. PMID- 7217023 TI - The urban epidemic of phencyclidine (PCP) use: clinical and laboratory evidence from a public psychiatric hospital emergency service. AB - Routine blood samples of 145 consecutive patients seen in the Los Angeles County Psychiatric Hospital Emergency Room during a 48-hour weekday period in June 1979 were examined for phencyclidine (PCP) using a sensitive and specific gas capillary gas chromatographic nitrogen detector (GC2-N) method. Of these 145 samples 63 (43.4%) were positive and PCP levels ranged 0.34 to 142.9 nanograms/ml (mean 14.6 ng/ml +/- 3.4 S.E.M.). An analysis of the records of these 63 patients revealed a wide variety of psychotic clinical pictures resembling mania, depression or schizophrenia with relatively few of the supposedly characteristic manifestations of PCP intoxication. Each of the 63 patients had at least one manifestation of toxic psychosis and/or acute delirium, in addition to the florid symptoms characteristic of functional states. PCP measurement, pharmacokinetics and the possible relationships of this intoxication to the psychiatric manifestations are discussed. PMID- 7217025 TI - A comparative study of parenteral molindone and haloperidol in the acutely psychotic patient. AB - This study compares the efficacy of intramuscular haloperidol with intramuscular molindone, a newer antipsychotic medication. Molindone appears to be comparable in efficacy to haloperidol in acutely agitated and psychotic patients. PMID- 7217026 TI - Thiothixene plasma levels and clinical response in acute schizophrenia. AB - Plasma levels of cis and trans thiothixene were compared to clinical response in 8 acutely schizophrenic inpatients. While absolute plasma levels did not appear to correlate with clinical condition, the data did suggest that increases or decreases in cis plasma levels correlated with corresponding improvements or deteriorations in clinical condition in thiothixene responsive patients. While the results are very preliminary, the authors suggest that future studies differentiate the cis and trans isomers, and analyze relative as well as absolute changes in plasma levels as compared to clinical changes. PMID- 7217027 TI - Hyperactivity followed by manic-depressive disorder: two case reports. AB - Hyperactivity in childhood is a syndrome which has been well described but not so clearly defined in etiology or relationship to adult psychopathology. Two cases are described which suggest that in some instances hyperactive syndrome may be related to a later onset of affective disorder. The clinical and theoretical implications are described. PMID- 7217028 TI - Hemodialysis for uremic schizophrenics: no psychiatric improvement. AB - Two uremic schizophrenics received 73 and 26 hemodialyses in 33 and 18 weeks respectively. Serial objective psychiatric scales were applied and indicated lack of improvement of schizophrenia during dialysis therapy. Further trials with hemodialysis on uremic schizophrenics need to be undertaken before this investigational therapy is offered for non-uremic schizophrenics. PMID- 7217029 TI - Vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone) for post encephalitic memory loss: a pilot study. PMID- 7217032 TI - Purification and properties of an aminopeptidase from seeds of Japanese apricot. AB - An aminopeptidase was purified about 1,700-fold from seeds of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb.) by a seven-step procedure comprising extraction from seeds, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, first and second DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 56,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and the isoelectric point was 4.9. The pH optimum for L-leucine beta-naphthylamide was between pH 6.5 and 7.0, and the enzyme was stable in the pH 5.0 to 8.3 region and up to 50 degrees C. The enzyme hydrolyzed a variety of aminopeptidase substrates with a free alpha-amino group. Of the amino acid beta-naphthylamides, the enzyme was highly specific for substrates with a hydrophobic side chain in the amino terminal residue. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, heavy metals, diethyl pyrocarbonate, and photooxidation with methylene blue, but was not affected by thiol compounds, peptidase inhibitors of microbial origin, such as bestatin and puromycin, or metal chelating agents. No activation of the enzyme by metal ions was observed. These results suggest that the enzyme is a true aminopeptidase in which cysteine and histidine residues participate in the catalytic process, and is not classifiable as a metalloenzyme. PMID- 7217030 TI - pH dependence of the binding constant of Ca2+ to cobra venom phospholipases A2. PMID- 7217031 TI - Biosynthesis and insertion of a hepatic binding protein specific for asialoglycoproteins into endoplasmic reticulum membranes. AB - Biosynthesis of a hepatic binding protein specific for asialoglycoproteins and its subsequent insertion into microsomal membrane were studied by using antibody monospecific for the binding protein. 125I-Labeled antibody binds much more preferentially with membrane-bound ribosomes than with free ribosomes, and nascent binding protein labeled with [3H]puromycin was detected exclusively on tightly membrane-bound ribosomes, which can be detached from the membrane by puromycin treatment in the presence of high salt buffer. When rough microsomes labeled in vivo with 14C-amino acid mixture were digested with protease, nascent binding protein was effectively protected from the digestion like nascent albumin (approximately 90%). When rough microsomes labeled in vitro with [3H]puromycin were digested with protease, the degree of protection of albumin was again approximately 90%, whereas that of the binding protein was only approximately 50%. The carbohydrate moieties of the binding protein and the bulk of glycoproteins in the microsomes labeled in vivo with [3H]glycosamine and [3H]mannose were also effectively protected from the protease digestion (approximately 90%). These results indicate that the binding protein is exclusively synthesized on the membrane-bound ribosomes and spans the microsomal membrane probably exposing the carboxyl-terminal segment on the cytoplasmic surface and the amino-terminal segment charged with carbohydrate moieties on the luminal surface, respectively. PMID- 7217033 TI - Properties of peptidylarginine deiminase from the epidermis of newborn rats. AB - An enzyme which catalyzes the coversion of arginyl residues to citrullyl residues in protein was obtained from the extract of the epidermis of newborn rats. The enzyme required Ca2+ for its activity. The enzyme activity was enhanced in the presence of DTT. The maximum activity was observed at pH 7.5 at 50 degrees C in the presence of 10 mm CaCl2 and 2 mM DTT. The activity was inhibited strongly by treatment of the enzyme with monoiodoacetate or PCMB, which suggests that the epidermal enzyme is an SH-enzyme. The molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated by gel filtration to be about 48,000. It was essential for the alpha amino or alpha-carboxyl group of the L-arginine substrate to be involved in a peptide linkage. The enzyme showed marked activities towards N-substituted L arginine derivatives such as BZ-L-Arg, BZ-L-Arg-NH2, and BZ-Gly-L-Arg, But the action of the enzyme on free L-arginine was negligible. The enzyme activity was affected by the nature of the residue neighboring the arginyl residue in proteins. The authors propose the name "peptidylarginine deiminase" for this enzyme. A considerable specificity of the enzyme for proteins from the epidermal cells in terminal differentiation was observed. The results suggest that citrullyl residues in membranous protein of horny cells of the epidermis of newborn rat are formed by the action of epidermal peptidylarginine deiminase. PMID- 7217034 TI - Studies on the specific interaction of concanavalin A and saccharides by affinity chromatography. Application of quantitative affinity chromatography to a multivalent system. AB - Quantitative affinity chromatography of concanavalin A (Con A) was studied in order to clarify its mechanism of saccharide binding. Another aim of this work was to confirm the validity of frontal affinity chromatography, which we have developed for the study of specific interactions, for multivalent systems. Since Cona A exists as either a dimer or a tetramer, it is a suitable multivalent test system. Immobilized p-aminophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (AP beta-Glc Sepharose) was prepared and the interactions of homogeneous preparations of Con A with this affinity adsorbent were analyzed. Experiments were carried out under conditions where Con a exists as the dimer (5 degrees C, pH 7.9, I=0.19). The intrinsic dissociation constant of Con A for the immobilized ligand (Kd) could be determined from the extent of retardation. alpha-Con A (intact Con A) had a stronger affinity than beta-Con A. Changes in pH and ionic strength had different effects on the affinity of alpha- and beta-Con A. The dissociation constants of soluble saccharides and their derivatives (counter ligands) for Con A (K1) could be determined from their ability to diminish the elution volume of Con A. K1 values of various monosaccharides for beta-Con A including those having very weak affinity, were determined. Further, the K1 values of a series of glucobioses were determined and compared. It was found that the binding mode of the reducing terminal glucose residue must be taken into account. The results are discussed in relation to their configurations. Frontal affinity chromatography proved to be very useful as a tool to analyze specific interactions in multivalent systems. PMID- 7217035 TI - Purification and characterization of phospholipase A from Bungarus multicinctus venom. AB - Phospholipase A was purified 16.3-fold in terms of specific activity from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus by ion exchange chromatography on a CM-Sephadex C 25 column followed by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column. The overall enzyme yield was 3.5% from the crude venom. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of the purified enzyme were estimated to be 14,000 and 7.9 by electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide gel and on polyacrylamide gel for isoelectric focusing, respectively. The enzyme was a single polypeptide chain consisting of 118 amino acids. Its N- and C-terminal residues were asparagine and glutamine, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range of 2--10 and retained full activity after incubation for 24 h at 37 degrees C. The optimum hydrolysis of egg yolk phosphatidyl choline was observed at pH 8.5 and the specific activity was 1,450 units per mg of the enzyme. The enzyme was inactivated by treatment with p-bromophenacyl bromide, accompanied by the loss of one of two histidine residues. PMID- 7217036 TI - Isolation of plant tubulin from azuki bean epicotyls by ethyl N-phenylcarbamate Sepharose affinity chromatography. AB - A new method for isolating plant tubulin was devised. The method involves affinity chromatography with ethyl N-phenylcarbamate and Sepharose. The protein isolated by the affinity chromatography and purified by two successive chromatographical steps on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-200 consisted of two subunits which possessed the same mobilities as the alpha- and beta-subunits of rabbit brain tubulin on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and showed colchicine-binding activity. PMID- 7217037 TI - Amino acid sequence of phospholipase A from Bungarus multicinctus venom. AB - Bungarus multicinctus phospholipase A was reduced and carboxymethylated. The RCM enzyme was digested with TPCK-trypsin or cleaved with cyanogen bromide followed by chymotrypsin digestion. The resulting peptide mixtures were fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 and G-25 columns or by DEAE-cellulose (DE-32) column chromatography. Further purification of the peptide mixtures was performed by paper electrophoresis at pH 3.5 or 6.5 or by paper chromatography. The sequences of isolated peptides were determined by the manual Edman or dansyl Edman method. From the sequences of these peptides the whole enzyme sequence (total 118 residues) was deduced. The complete sequence of the enzyme is similar to those of phospholipases A2 from other snake venoms and mammalian pancreas. Further, a 58% sequence homology was found between the present phospholipase A and the A chain of beta 1-bungarotoxin, a presynaptic neurotoxin having weak phospholipase A activity, contained in the same venom. PMID- 7217038 TI - Phosphate carrier of liver mitochondria: the reaction of its SH groups with mersalyl, 5,5'-dithio-bis-nitrobenzoate, and N-ethylmaleimide and the modulation of reactivity by the energy state of the mitochondria. AB - The inhibitory effect of three SH reagents, mersalyl, 5,5'-dithio-bis nitrobenzoate, and N-ethylmaleimide, on Pi transport in rat liver mitochondria was investigated under a variety of conditions. Mersalyl binds at room temperature with both high (Kd less than 10 microM) and low affinity to mitochondria. Inhibition of Pi transport by mersalyl goes in parallel with titration of the high-affinity sites, inhibition being complete when 3.5-4.5 nmol/mg protein is bound to the mitochondria. At concentrations of mersalyl equal to or higher than 10 microM, inhibition of Pi transport occurs in less than 10 sec. At concentrations of mersalyl lower than 10 microM, the rate of reaction with the Pi carrier is considerably decreased. At a concentration of 100 microM, 5,5'-dithio-bis-nitrobenzoate fully inhibits Pi transport in about 1 min at room temperature. Nearly total inhibition is attained when as little as 40-50 pmol/mg is bound to mitochondria. Upon incubation longer than 1 min, additional SH groups, not belonging to the Pi carrier, begin to react. The uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone decreases the rate of reaction of mersalyl, 5,5'-dithio-bis-nitrobenzoate, and N-ethylmaleimide with the Pi carrier. Preincubation with Pi has a similar effect. We propose that both carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone and Pi act by increasing the acidity of the mitochondrial matrix. Protonation of the Pi carrier at the matrix side would change the accessibility of its SH groups at the outer surface of the inner membrane. This might correspond to a membrane-Bohr effect, possibly related to the opening of a gating pore in the Pi carrier. PMID- 7217039 TI - The entry process as the target for energy input in active transport of alpha aminoisobutyric acid by Mycobacterium phlei. AB - Mycobacterium phlei was shown to accumulate alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, establishing a concentration gradient of approximately 15,000-fold. The apparent affinity constant of the carrier for alpha-aminoisobutyric acid was 1.8 microM. The system exhibited a broad specificity provided two structural requirements were satisfied: the presence of a free amino and carboxyl group on the alpha carbon and the absence of a net charge. The role of energy coupling on the accumulation of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid was studied by two different kinds of experiments, the relative effects of the inhibitors on the rate of entry and the steady-state of accumulation, and a comparison of the efflux induced at the final steady state by the addition of (a) excess nonradioactive alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, (b) energy inhibitors, or (c) both. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that accumulation of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid is due to an increased rate of entry, the rate of exit not being affected by metabolic inhibitors. PMID- 7217040 TI - Stimulation of electron transport from photosystem II to photosystem I in spinach chloroplasts. AB - Electron transport from Photosystem II to Photosystem I of spinach chloroplasts can be stimulated by bicarbonate and various carbonyl or carboxyl compounds. Monovalent or divalent cations, which have hitherto been implicated in the energy distribution between the two photosystems, i.e., "spillover" phenomena at low light intensities, show a similar effect under high light conditions employed in this study. A mechanism for this stimulation of forward electron transport from Photosystem II to Photosystem I could involve inhibition of two types of Photosystem II partial reactions, which may involve cycling of electrons around Photosystem II. One of these is the DCMU-insensitive silicomolybdate reduction, and the other is ferricyanide reduction by Photosystem II at pH 8 in the presence of dibromothymoquinone. Greater stimulation of forward electron transport reactions is observed when both types of PHotosystem II cyclic reactions are inhibited by bicarbonate, carbonyl and carboxyl-type compounds, or by certain mono- or divalent cations. PMID- 7217041 TI - Effect of mersalyl on mitochondrial Mg++ flux. AB - The mercurial mersalyl has little effect either on rapid Mg++ binding by isolated rat liver mitochondria or on the total Mg++ content of these organelles measured after 0.75 min of incubation at 20 degrees C. The data do not support the previous suggestion that the increased permeability to K+ of mitochondria treated with mersalyl results from release of endogenous Mg++. An increased pH-dependence of unidirectional Mg++ flux into respiring rat liver mitochondria is suggested to arise indirectly from inhibition by mersalyl of pH shifts associated with exchanges of endogenous phosphate. In addition, mersalyl appears to have a stimulatory effect on Mg++ influx. Mersalyl also increases the average rate of unidirectional efflux of endogenous Mg++. The stimulatory effects of mersalyl on Mg++ flux are similar to, although quantitatively less than, the previously reported effects of mersalyl on mitochondrial K+ flux. PMID- 7217042 TI - Induction of Na+/K+ exchange in swollen heart mitochondria. AB - Heart mitochondria swollen passively in nitrate salts contract in a respiration dependent reaction which can be attributed to an endogenous cation/H+ exchange component (or components). The rate of contraction increases with increased extent of passive swelling in both Na+ and K+ salts. Since nearly constant internal cation concentrations are maintained during osmotic swelling, this result suggests that both Na+/H+ and K+/H+ exchange is enhanced by increased matrix volume. Endogenous Mg2+ is also lost with increased matrix volume, and this observation, in conjunction with other evidence available in the literature, suggests that monovalent cation/H+ exchanges may be regulated by divalent cations. Passive exchange of Na+/K+, 42K+/K+, and 24Na+/Na+ can be readily demonstrated in mitochondria swollen in nitrate. All these exchanges are low or not detectable in unswollen control mitochondria, and it appears that they are manifestations of the activated cation/H+ component (or components) functioning in the absence of delta pH. PMID- 7217044 TI - Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride, a potent inhibitor of electron transport in plant mitochondria. AB - Dibutylchloromethyl tin chloride (DBCT) inhibits coupled and uncoupled respiration of mitochondria from potato tubers, cauliflower florets and etiolated mung bean hypocotyls with succinate and L-malate but not with external NADH or TMPD/ascorbate as substrates. Using potato and cauliflower mitochondria. DBCT at 200 pmole/mg of protein gives complete inhibition only in KCl-based media and at pH 6.8. DBCT has no effect on the internal pH of mung bean mitochondria, but does cause a decrease in the membrane potential. Electron transport through the alternative oxidase is not inhibited, neither is the ATP-synthase system. DBCT appears to interact with the functionally-distinct pool of ubiquinone associated with the oxidation of succinate and L-malate. PMID- 7217043 TI - A stable Na+/H+ antiporter of thermophilic bacterium PS3. AB - As a first step in the isolation of a stable Na+/H+ antiporter, its reaction in sonicated membrane vesicles of thermophilic bacterium PS3 has been characterized. The sonicated vesicles showed quenching of quinacrine fluorescence in either NADH oxidation or ATP hydrolysis. The quenching was reversed by the addition of Na+, Li+, Mn2+, Cd2+, and Co2+, but not of choline+ or Ca2+, regardless of their counter anions. 22Na+ was taken up into the vesicles by NADH oxidation, and the 22Na+ uptake was inhibited by the addition of an uncoupler. H+ release was observed on addition of Na+ to sonicated vesicles. The magnitude of the pH difference across the membrane induced by NADH oxidation was constant at pH 7.0 to 9.1, but the Na+/H+ antiport was affected by the pH of the medium (optimum pH 8.5). The Km's of the antiporter for Na+ and Li+ were 2.5 and 0.1 mM, respectively, but the Vmax values for the two ions were the same at pH 8.0. In the presence of Li+, no further decrease of fluorescence quenching was observed on addition of Na+ and vice versa. The Na+/H+ antiporter activity in PS3 was stable at 70 degrees C, and the optimum temperature for activity was 55-60 degrees C. In contrast to mesophilic cation/H+ antiporters, this antiporter was not inhibited by a thiol reagent. PMID- 7217046 TI - Acetylcholine receptor subunits transit a precursor pool before acquiring alpha bungarotoxin binding activity. AB - We have developed methods for the rapid immunoprecipitation of acetylcholine receptor from the clonal mouse cell line BC3H-1. One antiserum, anti-alpha bungarotoxin, precipitates receptors to which alpha-bungarotoxin is bound. A second antiserum prepared against sodium dodecyl sulfate-denatured receptor precipitates receptor polypeptides independent of toxin binding activity. We have used these sera to analyze the products of synthesis in vivo after short pulses of [35S]methionine. Acetylcholine receptor polypeptides of synthesized during a 5 min pulse require 15 min before they become fully active for alpha-bungarotoxin binding. These experiments identify an early step in the assembly of functional acetylcholine receptor and suggest a novel mechanism by which receptor synthesis may be controlled post-translationally. PMID- 7217045 TI - Structural requirements of quinone coenzymes for endogenous and dye-mediated coupled electron transport in bacterial photosynthesis. AB - Electron transport in continuous light has been investigated in chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Ala pho+, depleted in ubiquinone-10 and subsequently reconstituted with various ubiquinone homologs and analogs. In addition the restoration of electron transport in depleted chromatophores by the artificial redox compounds N-methylphenazonium methosulfate and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p phenylenediamine was studied. The following pattern of activities was obtained: (1) Reconstitution of cyclic photophosphorylation with ubiquinone-10 was saturated at about 40 ubiquinone molecules per reaction center. (2) Reconstitution by ubiquinone homologs was dependent on the length of the isoprenoid side chain and the amount of residual ubiquinone in the extracted chromatophores. If two or more molecules of ubiquinone-10 per reaction center were retained, all homologs with a side chain longer than two isoprene units were as active as ubiquinone-10 in reconstitution, and the double bonds in the side chain were not required. If less than two molecules per reaction center remained, an unsaturated side chain longer than five units was necessary for full activity. Plastoquinone, alpha-tocopherol, and naphthoquinones of the vitamin K series were relatively inactive in both cases. (3) All ubiquinone homologs, also ubiquinone-1 and -2, could be reduced equally well by the photosynthetic reaction center, as measured by light-induced proton binding in the presence of antimycin A and uncoupler. Plastoquinone was found to be a poor electron acceptor. (4) Photophosphorylation could be reconstituted by N-methylphenazonium methosulfate as well as by N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine in an antimycin insensitive way, if more than two ubiquinones per reaction center remained. These compounds were active also in more extensively extracted particles reconstituted with ubiquinone-1, which itself was inactive. PMID- 7217047 TI - Kinetic changes in protein synthesis in response to a sublethal heat shock in starved Tetrahymena thermophila. AB - We have analyzed the alterations that occur in the patterns of protein synthesis of Tetrahymena thermophila cells when these cells are exposed to a sublethal heat treatment. At least 11 major polypeptides, ranging in size from 97,000 to 27,000 daltons, are produced when the incubation temperature of Tetrahymena cultures is raised from 29 to 41 degrees C. The kinetics of appearance and disappearance appears to differ for each one of these heat-induced polypeptides, suggesting that elaborate mechanisms might operate in the regulation of the expression of this group of genes. PMID- 7217048 TI - Variant forms of plasma apolipoprotein B. Hepatic and intestinal biosynthesis and heterogeneous metabolism in the rat. AB - Recent studies of circulating lipoproteins in man and the rat have shown that apolipoprotein B in plasma exists in two immunologically distinct forms with apparent Mr, in the rat, of approximately 335,000 (apoB335K) and 240,000 (apoB240K). With isolated, perfused organs and single and double isotope labeling methods in vivo (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 7316), we have now found that the rat liver produces both apoB variants in abundance while the small intestine produces apoB240K but only trace amounts of apoB335K. The hepatic apoB335K/apoB240Kleucine incorporation ratio ranged from 0.5-1.7 under different conditions, suggesting physiological regulation of the relative amounts produced. Disappearance of both newly synthesized hepatic apoB variants from plasma followed first order kinetics. The circulating half-life of hepatic apoB335K was 2.4 times that of hepatic apoB240K, indicating independent catabolism of the two variants and consistent with the hepatic production of multiple apoB-containing lipoproteins with different metabolic properties. The half-life of apoB240K from the intestine was even shorter than that of apoB240K from the liver. PMID- 7217049 TI - The carcinogen chromate induces DNA cross-links in rat liver and kidney. AB - DNA cross-links were found in nuclei isolated from the liver and kidney of rats treated with chromate. A dose-dependent relationship between chromate exposure and total DNA cross-links was determined using the alkaline elution technique. DNA cross-links in kidney were mainly DNA-protein in nature. Chromate also induced a small amount of interstrand DNA cross-links in kidney. Liver nuclei contained protein-associated DNA single strand breaks in addition to DNA-protein cross-links. The organotropic DNA damage induced by chromate is discussed in relation to the carcinogenicity and toxicity of chromium(VI) compounds. PMID- 7217050 TI - Identification and properties of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase from Xenopus embryos prior to the development of the thymus. AB - The appearance of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT), a marker for early lymphoid cells, has been measured during the development of the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. The enzyme can first be detected in 2-day-old embryos, at approximately the same time as the first detectable embryonic immunoglobulin and well before the appearance of the thymus. Xenopus TdT has been partially purified and some of its properties have been investigated. The partially purified enzyme is 68,000 daltons in size, as measured by gel filtration, and cross-reacts immunologically with anti-calf thymus TdT. PMID- 7217051 TI - Activation of adenylate cyclase of rat brain by lipid peroxidation. AB - The relationship between adenylate cyclase activity in the synaptic membrane fraction (M1) of rat brain and lipid peroxidation of these membranes was examined. In the presence of 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 1 to 10 microM Fe/+ activated adenylate cyclase 2- to 4-fold. Of several metal ions, Fe2+ was the most effective. Other enzymes in M1, such as Mg2+-ATPase, (Na+-K+)-ATPase, 5' nucleotidase, acetylcholinesterase, and phosphodiesterase, were not activated by Fe2+ plus DTT. Activation of adenylate cyclase by Fe2+ plus DTT was accompanied by production of malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. Formation of malondialdehyde was completely parallel with enzyme activation. Ascorbic acid or a NADPH system also stimulated enzyme activity and caused lipid peroxidation. Activation of the enzyme and lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ plus DTT, ascorbic acid, or NADPH was completely prevented by simultaneous addition of N,N' diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. This inhibitor also prevented the decrease in turbidity of the enzyme preparation induced by Fe2+ plus DTT. The stimulatory effects of NaF, guanylyl-5'-imidodiphosphate and calmodulin, respectively, and that of Fe2+ plus DTT on the enzyme activity were additive. Activation of adenylate cyclase by Fe2+ plus DTT was only observed in brain synaptic membranes, not in erythrocyte ghosts, liver plasma membranes, or cardiac sarcolemma. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation of synaptic membranes was accompanied by specific stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity. PMID- 7217053 TI - Microspectrophotometric measurements on single crystals of mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase. PMID- 7217052 TI - Efflux of Ca2+ from cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles. Influence of external Ca2+ and Na+. AB - The influence of external Na+ and Ca2+ on the efflux of Ca2+ from highly purified sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from dog ventricles is examined. Na+-Ca2+ exchange is used to initially load the vesicles with Ca2+. Ca2+-induced Ca2+ efflux is activated if a monovalent cation is also present in the efflux medium. The order of potency of monovalent cations in stimulating Ca2+-induced CA2+ efflux is K+ approximately Li+ greater than choline+. Ca2+-induced CA2+ efflux is half-maximal at [Ca2+] = 10 microM and [K+] = 10 mM. Na+ can activate Ca2+-induced Ca2+ efflux, but this is difficult to quantitate as Na+ also induces CA2+ efflux by itself. Na+-induced CA2+ efflux (in the absence of Ca02+) is half-maximal at [Na+] = 12.5 mM. The curve describing the dependence of Ca2+ efflux on [Na+] is sigmoid suggesting the participation of at least 2 Na+ in this process. Unlike Ca2+-induced CA2+ efflux, Na+-induced Ca2+ efflux is independent of the presence of other monovalent cations. The maximal Na+- and CA2+-induced CA2+ effluxes are comparable. Na+ and Ca2+ appear to compete for binding sites which result in induced Ca2+ efflux. The relevance of these findings to Ca2+ efflux studies in intact cardiac tissue is discussed. PMID- 7217056 TI - Characterization of a blood group H type pentaglycosylceramide of human pancreas based on a type 1 carbohydrate chain. PMID- 7217054 TI - Light-driven proton translocation by bacteriorhodopsin reconstituted with the phenyl analog of retinal. AB - The properties of bacteriorhodopsin in which the natural cofactor, retinal (Fig. 1, I), has been replaced by the synthetic analog, phenyl retinal (Fig. 1, II), have been studied. Phenyl retinal binds at the same site as retinal and supports light-dependent transmembrane proton translocation in phospholipid vesicles that contain bacterio-opsin. This result allows us to rule out proton abstraction from the beta-ionone ring of retinal as a step in the catalytic cycle. Furthermore, phenyl retinal, a planar molecule, binds to the apomembrane more rapidly than retinal, which suggests that the rate-determining step in the binding of retinal itself may be the attainment of a planar molecular configuration. The new chromophore undergoes a pH-dependent spectral shift that is not observed in the native membrane. PMID- 7217055 TI - Refolding of an integral membrane protein. Denaturation, renaturation, and reconstitution of intact bacteriorhodopsin and two proteolytic fragments. AB - The complete denaturation and subsequent renaturation and reconstitution of a polytopic integral membrane protein are demonstrated. Delipidated bacteriorhodopsin (Huang, K.-S., Bayley, H., and Khorana, H. G. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77, 323-327) is completely denatured when transferred into 88% formic acid or anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid as shown by NMR and circular dichroism spectroscopy. When ethanol is added to a solution of the denatured protein, helical structure is largely reformed. After neutralization of the acid with ammonia and dialysis against a solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate a substantial amount of this structure is retained. Complete renaturation, characterized by the formation of the chromophore, occurs when phospholipids, cholate, and retinal are added to the sodium dodecyl sulfate solution of the protein. After dialysis of the solution to remove the detergents, the bacteriorhodopsin assembles into vesicles that are fully active in light-driven proton translocation. We also show that two chymotryptic fragments of bacteriorhodopsin (residues 1-71 and 72-248), separated under denaturing conditions, can be made to reassociate and form active vesicles with phospholipids. PMID- 7217057 TI - Cellular localization of the multiple molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in cultured neuronal cells. AB - The cellular localization of the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase was explored in chick sympathetic neurons and in mouse T28 cells (neuroblastoma X sympathetic ganglion cell hybrids) using the reversible, poorly lipid-soluble inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, BW284C51, to protect cell surface activity while inactivating cytoplasmic activity with DFP, an irreversible, lipid-soluble inhibitor. Our results show protection of over 80% of the chick 11 S form and over 90% of the corresponding mouse 10 S form under these conditions, while over 90% of the chick 6.5 S and mouse 4 S forms are inhibited. The results suggest that the avian 11 S and mouse 10 S forms are predominantly or exclusively ectoenzymes while the respective 6.5 S and 4 S forms are confined to the cytoplasm. PMID- 7217058 TI - Monoclonal antibody analysis of complex biological systems. Combination of cell hybridization and immunoadsorbents in a novel cascade procedure and its application to the macrophage cell surface. PMID- 7217059 TI - Structure and dynamic behavior of the oligosaccharide side chain of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease B. Application of carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Natural abundance 13C NMR (at 67.9 MHz) is used to study the primary structure and dynamic behavior of the carbohydrate side chain [(Man)6(GlcNAc)2-Asn] of ribonuclease B and of the shorter carbohydrate side chain [Man(GlcNAc)2-Asn] of a modified ribonuclease B (ribonuclease Bm). A comparison of the 13C NMR spectra of ribonuclease B and of the model compounds Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man alpha 1 leads to 6 (Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Asn (Compound A) and Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Man alpha 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Asn (Compound B) indicates that the (Man)5(GlcNAc)2 configuration of Compound A is present as a core structure in ribonuclease B and that only up to about 30% of our sample of ribonuclease B has the (Man)6(GlcNAc)2 structure of Compound B. Spin-lattice relaxation times, nuclear Overhauser enhancements, and linewidths of the carbohydrate carbon resonances of ribonuclease Bm indicate that the mannose residue and the N-acetylglucosamine linked to mannose are undergoing fast internal rotation (at least as fast as the rate of overall molecular tumbling). The terminal mannose residues of ribonuclease B also exhibit fast internal rotation. A comparison of the chemical shifts of the nonprotonated aromatic carbons of ribonuclease B and ribonuclease A strongly suggests that the carbohydrate side chain of ribonuclease B has a negligible effect (overall or localized) on the conformation of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. PMID- 7217060 TI - ATP-dependent acidification of intact and disrupted lysosomes. Evidence for an ATP-driven proton pump. PMID- 7217061 TI - "Conformational" isoenzymes of ascarid enolase. PMID- 7217062 TI - Carbohydrate binding studies on the Bandeiraea simplicifolia I isolectins. Lectins which are mono-, di-, tri-, and tetravalent for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. AB - Association constants for the binding of methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside (methyl alpha-D-Galp) and methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (methyl alpha-D-GalNAcp) to three Bandeiraea simplicifolia isolectins (A4, A2B2, B4) were determined by equilibrium dialysis and fluorescence enhancement measurements. The a and B subunits appear to have approximately the same Kassoc for methyl alpha-D Galp: 1.45 X 10(4), 1.98 X 10(4), and 2.06 X 10(4) M-1 for A4, A2B2, and B4, respectively, as determined by equilibrium dialysis. Fluorescence enhancement measurements on B4 gave an association constant of 2.07 X 10(4) M-1 for methyl alpha-D-Galp and 1.87 X 10(3) M-1 for methyl beta-D-galp. By equilibrium dialysis, we were able to detect 3.3 (theory, 4.0) methyl alpha-D-GalNAcp binding sites for A4 (Kassoc = 1.87 X 10(5) M-1), 1.9 for A2B2 (Kassoc = 1.19 X 10(5) M 1), and were unable to detect any methyl alpha-D-GalNAcp binding sites for B4. However, four very weak methyl alpha-D-GalNAc binding sites for B4 were detected by fluorescence enhancement measurement (Kassoc = 1.26 X 10(2) M-1). Thus, the A subunit has an affinity for methyl alpha-D-GalNAc 3 orders of magnitude greater than the B subunit. Precipitation and hapten inhibition data are in accord with these binding measurements. Toward guaran and type B blood group substance, all isolectins precipitated the same amount of biopolymer. However, AB3, A2B2, and A3B, which are mono-, di-, and trivalent for alpha-D-GalNAcp, were differentially precipitated by type A blood group substance which contains alpha-D-GalNAcp-end groups. A3B precipitated the most, A2B2 less, and AB3 no type A substance. These isolectins should prove useful in studies evaluating the effect of valence on lectin-cell interaction. PMID- 7217063 TI - Molecular properties and active form of nonspecific acid phosphatase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - Equilibrium sedimentation experiments of the native acid phosphatase indicate a dimer-tetramer dissociating nonequilibrating system with a dimer Mr = 180,000 g/mol. The hydrolysis of nitrophenylphosphate was used to determine the sedimentation coefficient of the active species. The s20,w value for the species which degrades nitrophenylphosphate is 13.52 +/- 0.46 S in 1% sucrose and 13.72 +/- 0.11 S in 1.3 M sodium chloride, corresponding to the Svedberg value of the tetramer species. Several lines of evidence are presented which, together with previous data, indicate that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe nonspecific acid phosphatase is composed of 4 identical or nearly identical polypeptide chains: a, equilibrium sedimentation analysis of the enzyme in denaturing agents indicates the presence of homogeneous material having Mr = 90,800 g/mol; b, digestion with carboxypeptidase A releases 0.82 mol of tyrosine/monomer molecular weight. Concomitant phosphatase inactivation occurred during the splitting off of the tyrosyl terminal residue. Furthermore, a unique NH2-terminal residue (histidine) was determined. PMID- 7217065 TI - Purification and characterization of a calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth inhibitor from human kidney tissue culture medium. PMID- 7217064 TI - Metabolism of zinc and copper in the neonate. (Zinc, copper)-thionein in the developing rat kidney and testis. PMID- 7217066 TI - Orientation of the carboxyl and NH2 termini of the membrane-binding segment of cytochrome b5 on the same side of phospholipid bilayers. AB - The present data show that the carboxyl terminal end of the membrane binding segment (nonpolar peptide) of cytochrome b5 is present on the same side of phospholipid bilayers as the hydrophilic, heme-containing, NH2-terminal segment. This orientation was determined by observing rapid ionization of both tyrosyl residues at positions 5 and 8 from the carboxyl terminus upon addition of sodium hydroxide to the outer aqueous phase of vesicle preparations, and the reaction of one of these residues with a polar, impermeant reagent, diazotized sulfanilic acid. The rate of ionization of both aromatic residues occurred at least 1 order of magnitude faster than ionization of indigo trisulfonate trapped in the inner aqueous compartment of the vesicles. These data and consideration of our earlier characterization of cytochrome b5 structure and binding to membranes support a model for the membrane binding segment that is highly structured, penetrates to the middle of the bilayer, and loops back to the outer surface to place both the NH2 and the carboxyl termini on the same surface of the bilayer. PMID- 7217067 TI - Purification and characterization of biliverdin reductase from rat liver. AB - Biliverdin reductase in a stable form was purified to homogeneity from rat liver cytosol. The purified enzyme showed 3700-fold increase in specific activity when compared with the crude preparation, and the extent of recovery was 30-35%. The molecular weight was estimated at 34,000-36,000. The amino acid analysis of the purified preparation revealed the presence of 3 cysteine residues/mol of enzyme. The reductase utilized NADPH and NADH as electron donors. The NADPH-dependent biliverdin reductase activity was extremely sensitive to SH reagents, including 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, and iodoacetamide. However, the pretreatment of the enzyme with NADPH and biliverdin fully protected the reductase from inactivation by these reagents. The enzyme activity was irreversibly inhibited by HgCl2. The addition of dithiothreitol to the enzyme inhibited by 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) promoted the full reversal of inhibition. The enzyme exhibited different pH optima for activity with NADPH (pH 8.7) and NADH (pH 7.0). The apparent Km for biliverdin was established to be 5.0 microM with NADH and 3.0 microM with NADPH. The apparent Km for NADPH was 3.0 microM, while that of NADH was 270 microM. The enzyme activity was inhibited by the substrate when the concentration exceeded 4.0-5.0 microM. The product, bilirubin, inhibited the enzyme activity in a competitive manner. In addition, the reductase was inhibited by hematin and zinc protoporphyrin. Dilution produced instability in the enzyme, but the presence of exogenous proteins, such as serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and lysozyme, stabilized the enzyme protein. PMID- 7217068 TI - Structural implication of the heme-linked ionization of horseradish peroxidase probed by the Fe-histidine stretching Raman line. PMID- 7217069 TI - Environmentally regulated expression of soluble extracellular proteins of sympathetic neurons. AB - Sympathetic neurons in dissociated cell culture release 16-18 soluble proteins into the medium, which appear to be distinct from the cell membrane glycoproteins. The released proteins are major cellular products, comprising 2-3% of the newly synthesized protein. They turn over with a half-life of approximately 9 h. Their release is spontaneous and does not correlate with the release of neurotransmitter. Release occurs from distal axon regions and possibly from cell bodies and dendrites as well. Sympathetic neurons are adrenergic in culture, but become cholinergic if grown in medium conditioned by certain types of non-neuronal cells but not others (Patterson, P. H. (1978) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1, 1-17). Those conditioned media which induce cholinergic development also dramatically alter the expression of 4 of the 18 released proteins, suggesting a correlation between the expression of these secreted proteins and neurotransmitter choice. Such extracellular proteins may play a part in intercellular communication during the development of the nervous system. PMID- 7217070 TI - Characterization of the tropomyosin present in various chick embryo muscle types and in muscle cells differentiated in vitro. AB - Tropomyosin, present in various types of chick embryo muscle, has been characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In skeletal muscle, it was found that both the alpha and beta subunits exist as two variants, alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta 1, beta 2. The most acidic variants (alpha 2 and beta 2) could be demonstrated to be phosphorylated and, based upon the facts that 1) after phosphatase treatment alpha 2 and beta 2 co-migrate with alpha 1 and beta 1 and 2) in vitro translation of skeletal muscle mRNA produces only alpha 1 and beta 1, we suggest that alpha 2 and beta 2 merely represent the phosphorylated forms of alpha 1 and beta 1. A similar situation is found in differentiated muscle cultures in vitro. In cardiac muscle or in cardiocytes, in culture, the only subunit of tropomyosin which is present (the alpha subunit) is also phosphorylated. However, in smooth muscle, none of the tropomyosin subunits is phosphorylated. The use of various modifications in the second dimension of two dimensional gel electrophoresis has allowed us to separate completely the alpha subunits of slow and fast muscle tropomyosin and to show that: 1) the cardiac alpha subunit is distinct from either the slow alpha or the fast alpha subunit and 2) in vitro differentiated cells synthesize a tropomyosin which, by co migration under various conditions, is identical with fast muscle tropomyosin. PMID- 7217071 TI - Intracellular phosphorylation of vitellogenin in the liver of estrogen-stimulated Xenopus laevis. AB - A procedure was developed for the preparation of rough and smooth microsomes from small quantities of liver obtained from estrogen-stimulated Xenopus laevis females. The separation involves th centrifugation of a postmitochondrial supernatant over a CsCl-containing, discontinuous sucrose gradient. Morphological, biochemical, and enzymatic characterization of these fractions indicates that excellent separation of rough microsomes from smooth microsomes is achieved. In addition, pulse-chase experiments in which (5-min) pulses with [3H]leucine are used demonstrate that rough and smooth microsomes each exhibit the predictable patterns of incorporation characteristic of secretory protein synthesis and intracellular translocation. This procedure was combined with suitable incubation conditions for pulse-chase experiments which demonstrate the subcellular sites of vitellogenin phosphorylation. The data presented indicate that approximately 70% of the phosphate residues are covalently attached to vitellogenin during its intracellular translocation through the smooth microsomes, while the rough microsomes can account for the remainder of the total incorporated phosphate. This is further supported by the analysis of newly synthesized and assembled [3H,32P]vitellogenin on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels and measurements of protein kinase activity in microsomal subfractions. PMID- 7217072 TI - Structure of acetylcholine receptor dimer determined by neutron scattering and electron microscopy. AB - Previous work has shown that the predominant native form of the acetylcholine receptor from the electric tissue of Torpedo californica is a dimer of Mr = 500,000, cross-linked by a disulfide bond between the largest (delta) of the five chains (alpha 2 beta gamma delta) that comprise the monomer. Small-angle neutron scattering of purified receptor dimer in Triton X-100 solution containing 18% D2O, in which the Triton X-100 is contrast-matched, yields a radius of gyration of the dimer of 66 A. Based on the assumptions that the dimer is symmetrical and that the radius of gyration of the monomer does not change in forming dimer, this value, together with the radius of gyration of the receptor monomer (46 A), determined previously, allows the calculation of the distance separating the centers of neutron scattering density of monomers in a dimer; the result is 96 A. Electron microscopy of negatively stained dimers permits an independent measurement of the distance between the apparent centers of mass of the monomers; the average is 96 A, in agreement with the result of the neutron scattering analysis. The electron micrographs of dimer also permit the location of the delta chains at the region of contact of the monomers. A model for the receptor dimer consistent with all available structural information is presented. PMID- 7217073 TI - Cell-free translation of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I and ornithine transcarbamylase messenger RNAs of rat liver. Effect of dietary protein and fasting on translatable mRNA levels. PMID- 7217074 TI - First observation of amino acid side chain dynamics in membrane proteins using high field deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - We have obtained the first deuterium NMR spectra of an individual membrane protein, bacteriorhodopsin in the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium R1. Biosynthetic isotopic enrichment with [gamma-2H6]valine and high field Fourier transform operation permitted rapid data acquisition on intact membranes, including measurement of relaxation times. At some temperatures high quality spectra could be obtained in less than 1 s. [U-14C]Valine tracer studies indicate that less than or equal to 2% of valine added to the growth medium is broken down and incorporated into other membrane constituents. The NMR results indicate that the valine side chain is a rather rigid structure. Motion about C alpha-C beta is slow (less than 10(5) s-1) at growth temperature, While motion about C beta-C gamma is as expected fast (much greater than 10(5) s-1) at all accessible temperatures. The activation energy for methyl group rotation from spin-lattice relaxation data between -75 and 53 degrees C is approximately 2.4 kcal/mol, in good agreement with previous 1H NMR studies on solid alkanes. Preliminary data on [gamma-2H6]valine-labeled Acholeplasma laidlawii B (PG9) cell membranes are also presented. Our results strongly suggest that it should now be possible to observe in great detail the motions of any type of amino acid side chain in membrane proteins, including the effects of lipid composition on protein dynamics. PMID- 7217077 TI - Preparation and 13C NMR characterization of [[epsilon-13C] methionine-192]-alpha chymotrypsin. The demethylation of [S-[13C] methylmethionine-192]-alpha chymotrypsin by an active site-directed thiol. AB - Met-192 forms part of the binding crevice of alpha-chymotrypsin. The aim of this investigation was to find a nucleophile that would displace a methyl group from the sulfonium cation of [S-[13C]methylmethionine-192]-alpha-chymotrypsin without disrupting the five disulfide bridges of the protein, thereby producing [[epsilon 13C]methionine-192]-alpha-chymotrypsin, an isotopically enriched version of the native enzyme desirable for 13C NMR studies. Treatment of [S-methylmethionine 192]-alpha-chymotrypsin with mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol failed to produce the latter protein, as deduced from elution profiles of reaction mixtures chromatographed on affinity columns of immobilized lima bean trypsin inhibitor. In contrast, when [S-methylmethionine-192]-alpha-chymotrypsin was incubated in a 3.0 mM solution of the active site-directed reagent 2-mercaptoacetyl-4' methoxyanilide at pH 8.6 and 5 degrees C for 48 h, affinity chromatograms indicated the presence of a protein corresponding to native alpha-chymotrypsin. Upon repeating the experiment with [S-[13C]methylmethionine-192]-alpha chymotrypsin, we isolated in 40% yield a protein which was identified as [[epsilon-13C]methionine-192]-alpha-chymotrypsin by a combination of 13C NMR and chemical criteria. This work represents the first active site-directed demethylation of an S-[13C]methylmethionine residue at the binding site of an enzyme. PMID- 7217076 TI - Polymerization of hemoglobin in sickle trait erythrocytes and lysates. AB - We report 13C/1H magnetic double resonance measurements of polymer in sickle trait erythrocytes and direct measurements of solubility on lysates of these cells as a function of oxygen saturation. Polymerized hemoglobin is detected by these two methods only at oxygen saturation values below 60% and increases to 0.4 of the total hemoglobin at complete deoxygenation. These results confirm the validity of the NMR approach in determining values of polymer fraction. We have also found that the thermodynamic theory, that successfully describes gelation in sickle erythrocytes, does not predict the experimental results for sickle trait erythrocytes and must be refined. PMID- 7217075 TI - Control of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. Inhibition of polypeptide synthesis by ethanol. AB - Ethanol (0.21-0.84 M) added to rabbit reticulocyte lysates results in a 42-89% decrease of polypeptide synthesis following a 60-min incubation at 30 degrees C. The onset of inhibition is preceded by a 5-15-min lag. Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF-2) (85% pure, 0.42-4.2 micrograms added/30-microliters assay) or high concentrations of cAMP, MgGTP, and glucose 6-phosphate (0.55-5.0 mM) partially reverse the inhibition was observed with fructose 6-phosphate (0.55 mM). Ethanol was also shown to directly inhibit ternary complex formation between eIF-2, GTP, and initiator Met-tRNA (50% inhibition with 0.5 M ethanol). The inhibitory effect of ethanol on polypeptide synthesis, however, appears to be independent of its effect on ternary complex formation, and may be related to the activation of a translational inhibitor. This tentative conclusions is based on the following results. First, when the postribosomal supernatant or unfractionated lysate is incubated with ethanol, the supernatant or lysate becomes inhibitory to polypeptide synthesis following a 60-min incubation with ethanol at 30 degrees C. Second, when ethanol-treated postribosomal supernatant is chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose, an inhibitory activity is observed. The peak of inhibition coincides with the elution position of a translational inhibitor termed heme-controlled repressor. Third, pro-heme-controlled repressor becomes more inhibitory to protein synthesis when incubated with ethanol. These findings suggest that ethanol may activate a translational inhibitor by affecting the proper conformational change of a dormant inhibitor. PMID- 7217078 TI - The oxidation of hydrazine derivatives catalyzed by the purified liver microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase. PMID- 7217079 TI - Structure of a 7Fe ferredoxin from Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - The structure of the 7Fe ferredoxin from Azotobacter vinelandii has been solved from a 3.0-A multiple isomorphous replacement map. The crystals belong to space group P43212 with a = 55.22, c = 95.20 A, and Z = 1. Heavy-atom derivatives were prepared with K2PtCl4,K2[OsO2(OH)4], and Na3RhCl6. Anomalous scattering data were collected for native (Fe) and Pt derivative crystals. The figure of merit for 3,322 reflections to 3.0 A is 0.74. The structure consists of an NH2-terminal core of residues 1-50 which form the Fe-S cluster sites, and a COOH-terminal chain of residues 51-107 which wraps around this core. The [3Fe-3S] cluster is ligated by cysteines 8, 11, 16, 20, and 49 and a sixth ligand which is either glutamic acid 18 or an exogenous small molecule. The [4Fe-4S] cluster is ligated by cysteines 24, 39, 42, and 45. The coordination of both Fe-S centers has been confirmed by fitting of the cluster atoms and residues 1-50 to unbiased 2Fo-Fc Fourier maps at 2.5-A resolution. The structure of the 3Fe center has also been confirmed with anomalous scattering difference Fourier maps using both isomorphous replacement and refined phases. The partially refined structure at 2.5 A (3,490 reflections, 6.0 sigma(F)) has R = 35%. PMID- 7217081 TI - Interaction of 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylic acid oxygenase with FAD, substrates, and analogues. Spectral and fluorescence investigations. PMID- 7217080 TI - Kinetic investigations on a flavoprotein oxygenase, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5 carboxylic acid oxygenase. AB - In the presence of NADH and O2, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylate oxygenase (EC 1.14.12.4) from Pseudomonas sp. MA-1 catalyzes reductive oxygenation of 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylate (Cpd I) to yield alpha-N (acetylaminomethylene)succinic acid (Cpd A). Steady state kinetic data and studies with alternate substrates are consistent only with an ordered mechanism in which Cpd I binds first, followed by NADH; the first product, NAD+, is then released. This event is followed by oxygen binding, and finally release of the oxygenated and reduced cleavage product, Cpd A. This kinetic mechanism was confirmed by studying inhibition by NAD+, which binds competitively with oxygen, but not with NADH. The kinetic mechanism of this reaction resembles that proposed for bacterial flavin monooxygenases that catalyze hydroxylation of aromatic homocyclic compounds. PMID- 7217083 TI - Induced circular dichroism of incorporated fluorescent cholesteryl esters and polar lipids as a probe of human serum low density lipoprotein structure and melting. AB - Two fluorescent cholesteryl esters, cholesteryl cis-parinarate and cholestatrienyl oleate, have been incorporated into human serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) by two alternative procedures. The core location of the incorporated cholesterol esters and the surface location of cis-parinaric acid and cholestatrienol are verified by fluorescence energy transfer. In these LDL preparations, the incorporated cholesteryl esters exhibit a temperature-dependent induced circular dichroic spectrum at the absorption wavelengths of the chromophore with a temperature range which is similar to the calorimetrically determined thermal transition of LDL. We also examined the induced circular dichroism which arises when cholestatrienyl oleate is dissolved in pure cholesteryl oleate and observed a temperature dependence of the sign and magnitude of the circular dichroic spectrum which correlated with the temperature range of the calorimetric phase transitions. On the basis of these studies, we conclude that below the calorimetric transition, the cholesteryl esters of low density lipoprotein have an organization which is intermediate between isotropic and cholesteric, while above the transition, the organization is more nearly isotropic. Residual environmental chirality experienced by cholesteryl ester acyl chains (cholesteryl parinarate) in the particle core and free sterol (cholestatrienol) in the particle surface could represent specific lipid-protein interactions. These results are discussed in terms of the organization of low density lipoprotein. PMID- 7217084 TI - Adrenal mitochondrial cytochrome P-450scc. Cholesterol and adrenodoxin interactions at equilibrium and during turnover. PMID- 7217082 TI - Different modes of action of inhibitors of bacterial D-amino acid transaminase. A target enzyme for the design of new antibacterial agents. AB - D-Amino acid transaminase from Bacillus sphaericus shows a deuterium kinetic isotope effect (VH/VD) between 2 and 3 in the transamination of alpha-protio- or alpha-deuterio-D-alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate, suggesting that alpha-proton abstraction is at least partially rate-limiting for this reaction. This transaminase also catalyzes a beta-elimination reaction with substrates such as beta-fluoroalanine with no detectable deuterium isotope effect (VH/BD = 1). These results, taken together with previous work (Soper, T. S., and Manning, J. M. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 3377-3384) suggest that the rate-limiting step in the beta-elimination reaction is solvolysis of an alpha-aminoacrylate-pyridoxal-P Schiff's base intermediate. D-Cycloserine is an active site titrant of D-amino acid transaminase. Inactivation by cycloserine can be completely reversed by dialysis against pyridoxal phosphate at neutral pH. Gabaculine is also an efficient inhibitor of this enzyme and possesses some antibacterial activity. The latter two inhibitors probably act by sequestration of the coenzyme rather than by alkylation of the protein as with the beta-halo derivatives of D-alanine. PMID- 7217085 TI - Increased estrogen formation and aromatase activity in fibroblasts cultured from the skin of chickens with the Henny feathering trait. AB - The henny feathering trait in chickens leads to a marked increase in the conversion of androgen to estrogen in skin and other peripheral tissues with the result that feathers of affected males are feminized. To gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for this increased estrogen synthesis, we studied the conversion of testosterone to estrogen in fibroblasts cultured from the skin of control chickens and from two breeds carrying the henny feathering trait, the Sebright bantam and the Campine. Estrogen synthesis was measured in suspensions of intact fibroblasts and in cell-free fibroblast extracts by two assays: 1) direct measurement of 17 beta-estradiol formation from [1,2,6,7-3H]testosterone, and 2) assessment of 3H2O release from [1 beta-3H]testosterone. Both assays gave comparable results. Estrogen formation was as much as several hundred-fold higher in fibroblasts cultured from skin of chickens carrying the henny feathering trait compared to that observed in fibroblasts from skin of control chickens. The current data indicate that increased estrogen formation in skin of chickens with the henny feathering trait is due to an enhanced activity of the aromatase complex of enzymes responsible for estrogen synthesis. The molecular basis for this increased activity is unclear. PMID- 7217086 TI - Destruction of cytochrome P-450 by ethylene. Structure of the resulting prosthetic heme adduct. AB - The prosthetic heme of cytochrome P-450 is converted during the metabolism of ethylene into an abnormal hepatic porphyrin. This porphyrin has been isolated, purified, and characterized by field desorption mass spectrometry and 360-MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It has been unambiguously identified as one of the four possible isomers of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)protoporphyrin IX (isolated as the dimethyl ester). The isomer which is obtained bears the N-alkyl group on one of the two propionic acid-substituted pyrrole rings in the porphyrin. Strong support is provided by the structure of this porphyrin for our contention that the prosthetic heme of cytochrome P-450 is alkylated during attempted transfer of the catalytically-activated oxygen to the pi-bond of destructive unsaturated substrates. PMID- 7217087 TI - Conformation prediction and spectral studies on adrenodoxin. The accessibility of the tyrosine residue at position 82 in the polypeptide. AB - The nature and accessibility of Tyr 82 were studied by fluorimetry and ultraviolet spectroscopy. A strongly emitting residue was indicated by the fluorescence yield measurement. Lowering of fluorescence yield in the presence of guanidine may be suggestive of the location of the tyrosine residue in a helical environment. The addition of external quenchers, Cs+, I-, and phosphate, to adrenodoxin lowered its fluorescence intensity showing the accessibility of Tyr 82. For solvent perturbation studies using ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol as perturbants, spectral changes were induced in adrenodoxin which gave rise to difference spectra attributable to the tyrosine residue. In addition, the spectrophotometric titration of tyrosine in adrenodoxin showed a normal titration curve with an estimated pK of 10.4. These results can be explained in terms of an accessible tyrosine residue that is partially blocked from solute and solvent perturbation. The secondary structure of adrenodoxin was studied by the method of Chou and Fasman (Chou, P. Y., and Fasman, G. D. (1978) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 47, 251-276) for the empirical predictions of protein conformations. The prediction shows a protein with moderately high amount of ordered structures (25% alpha helix and 37% beta-sheet) and the tyrosine residue at position 82 in a helical environment. PMID- 7217088 TI - Modification of the polar head group of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine and subsequent effects upon platelet activation. AB - A series of phosphoglycerides containing the same structural unit, 1-O-alkyl-2 acetyl-sn-glycerol, was prepared with the following polar head groups: -3 phosphoric acid (AGEPA), -3-phosphorylethanol (AGEPEt), -3-phosphorylethanolamine (AGEPE), -3-phosphoryl-N-monomethylethanolamine (AGEPMME), -3-phosphoryl-N,N dimethylethanolamine (AGEPDME), and -3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC). These compounds were synthesized primarily by phospholipase D modification of AGEPC. The characterization of these derivatives was achieved through thin layer chromatography, infrared spectrometry, gas-liquid chromatography, and combined gas-liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Their ability to induce irreversible aggregation and 50% secretion of serotonin from washed rabbit platelets was investigated. The latter secretory activity, expressed on a molar basis (60 s following platelet stimulation) was shown to be particularly sensitive to the nature of the polar head group as follows: AGEPA, 8.3 X 10(-7) M; AGEPE, 6.8 X 10(-7) M; AGEPEt, 4.0 x 10(-7) M; AGEPMME, 3.7 X 10(-9) M; AGEPDME, 4.5 X 10(-10) M; and AGEPC, 1.8 X 10(-10) M. It was concluded that the polar head group of the various acetyl glyceryl ether phosphoglycerides had an important role in expressing the biological activity of this unique type of phosphoglyceride towards platelets. It appears likely that the polar head group of the various acetyl glyceryl ether phosphoglycerides had an important role in expressing the biological activity of this unique type of phosphoglyceride towards platelets. It appears likely that the recognition site (receptor site) on platelets is more reactive to the dimethylethanolamine or teh quaternary ammonium base, choline, than to any of the other polar head groups under consideration. PMID- 7217089 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of deuterium oxide-induced fluorescence enhancement of fluorescyl ligand bound to specific heterogeneous and homogeneous antibodies. AB - Comparative kinetics studies of ligand dissociation and D2O enhancement were performed with both heterogeneous and homogeneous anti-fluorescyl immunoglobulin G antibodies. Heterogeneous rabbit and homogeneous mouse (monoclonal) antibody preparations were purified by immunoadsorption and found to be pure IgG by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. Relatively high affinities of all liganded antibody preparations were determined by dissociation rate studies, demonstrating comparatively long lifetimes for the dissociation of bound fluorescein. In addition, rabbit anti-fluorescyl preparations were found to display marked heterogeneity of off-rates while mouse monoclonal anti-fluorescyl preparations exhibited a single off-rate indicating homogeneity. D2O fluorescence enhancement studies showed that heterogeneous kinetics was observed with both heterogeneous and homogeneous antibody active sites. Temperature studies of ligand D2O enhancement and dissociation rates using homogeneous anti-fluorescyl antibodies revealed similar, yet different activation energies (22.7 +/- 0.8 cal and 20.2 +/- 0.3 cal, respectively) for both phenomena. The studies demonstrated that the anti-fluorescein antibody active site consists of both solvent accessible and relatively inaccessible components, and that the binding of ligand involves both exchangeable hydrogen atoms and other as yet unresolved interactions. The mechanism of D2O fluorescence enhancement is discussed in terms of its complexity involving heterogeneous rate mechanisms. PMID- 7217090 TI - Proton NMR studies of the histidine residues of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase and of its phosphoenolpyruvate complex. PMID- 7217091 TI - Mechanism of estrogen biosynthesis. Participation of multiple enzyme sites in placental aromatase hydroxylations. PMID- 7217092 TI - Differential scanning calorimetry of cytoplasmic aspartate transaminase. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry has been applied to study factors affecting the thermally induced denaturation of cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase, a dimeric pyridoxal enzyme. The consequences of binding of coenzyme and substrate derivatives to both the apo and holo forms of the enzyme were investigated and are interpreted in terms of the stabilization of the native form of the enzyme. The binding of pyridoxal phosphate coenzyme increases the thermal stability of the apoenzyme by approximately 27 kcal mol-1 as judged by the change in free energy differences between the native and denatured states of the protein. The stabilization produced by coenzyme binding to the apoprotein appears to be primarily due to the Schiff's base and phosphoryl moieties of the coenzyme; association of the pyridine ring component is without significant structural consequence. Pyridoxal phosphate binding to the subunits of the dimer occurs in a noncooperative fashion as judged by the appearance of transitions unique to the apo, holo, and intermediate enzyme forms in a calorimetric titration. Holoenzyme stability depends on the chemical nature of the catalytically significant group occupying the C-4' position of the bound coenzyme. The stabilization afforded by binding of the aldehyde form (pyridoxal phosphate) which exists as an internal Schiff's base with Lys 258 is diminished when this bond is chemically reduced or when the aldehyde is replaced by an amine (pyridoxamine phosphate). Apoenzyme is also shown to be stabilized by the presence of substrates in the absence of coenzyme. The differential scanning calorimetry results thus confirm previous findings derived from nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the ability of apoenzyme to bind substrates (Martinez-Carrion, M. Cheng, S., and Relimpio, A. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 2153-2160). Substrates and their analogues perturb the holoenzyme stability and the order of increasing influence on the pyridoxal form of the holoenzyme is aspartate, erythro-hydroxyaspartate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and alpha-methylaspartate. While all these compounds form stable binary enzyme substrate complexes (Jenkins, W.T., and D'Ari, L. (1966) J. Biol. Chem. 541, 5667 5674), the complex with alpha-methylaspartate produces anomalous changes in the protein structure which are reflected in the calorimetric parameters. This suggests that caution be exercised in the use of analogues as substrate substitutes in crystallographic work. Differential scanning calorimetry also appears as a sensitive method with which to study the stereochemical dependence of ligand binding on enzyme-induced thermal stabilization. This is illustrated by the use of 4-carbon dicarboxylic acids where only those in the conformation favorable for binding are effective in stabilizing the holoenzyme. PMID- 7217093 TI - Folate transport in isolated brush border membrane vesicles from rat intestine. AB - The transport of folates by the intact intestine consists of a saturable component with a luminal pH optimum of 6.0 and a nonsaturable component which predominates at high folate concentrations and/or high luminal pH. We sought to determine whether these properties reflect the behavior of the brush border membrane, free of intracellular enzyme activities, organelles, and intercellular junctions. We have studied, therefore the transport characteristics of folic acid (PteGlu) and methotrexate in isolated brush border membrane vesicles from rat intestine. Both PteGlu and methotrexate were found to be taken up by these vesicles by a pH-dependent process with a maximum uptake at a medium pH near 5.0. Studies at pH 5.5 demonstrated both saturable and nonsaturable components for the uptake of methotrexate and PteGlu. For methotrexate, Km, corrected for the nonsaturable component, was 1.5 microM and Vmax = 3.08 pmol/mg of protein/0.5 min. For PteGlu, the Km was 0.42 microM and Vmax = 0.67 pmol/mg of protein/0.5 min. Methotrexate uptake was competitively inhibited by PteGlu (Ki = 0.6 microM and by 5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid (5-methyl-H4PteGlu; Ki = 1.35 microM). Brush border membrane vesicles exhibit folate transstimulation: those preloaded with PteGlu, 5-methyl-H4PteGlu or unlabeled methotrexate took up tritium labeled methotrexate at more rapid rates than did control vesicles. The data presented are consistent with a pH-dependent, structure-specific carrier or channel for folate transport across the luminal membrane of the intestinal cell shared by the three folate derivatives tested. PMID- 7217095 TI - Retinyl palmitate hydrolase activity in normal rat liver. PMID- 7217094 TI - The specificity of proanthocyanidin-protein interactions. AB - The proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins, phenolic polymers which are synthesized by many plants, characteristically bind and precipitate proteins. The specificity of the interaction was investigated using a competitive binding assay to compare directly the affinities of various proteins and synthetic polymers for the tannin obtained from Sorghum bicolor (Lin.) Moench. At pH 4.9, the relative affinities range over more than 4 orders of magnitude, indicating that this proanthocyanidin interacts quite selectively with protein and protein-like polymers. The affinity for tannins is an inverse function of the size of the polymer, and peptides with less than six residues interact very weakly with tannin. Proteins are precipitated by proanthocyanidins most efficiently at pH values near their isoelectric points. Proline-rich proteins and polymers have very high affinities for tannin. Tightly coiled globular proteins have much lower affinities for tannin than conformationally loose proteins. PMID- 7217096 TI - Interaction of thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones in rat pituitary tumor cells. Specificity and diversity of the responses analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7217097 TI - Asynchronous ligand binding and proton release in a root effect hemoglobin. AB - CO binding to the Root effect hemoglobin of menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, has been studied by flash photolysis and equilibrium measurements in [bis(2 hydroxyethyl)amino]Tris(hydroxymethyl)methane and Tris buffers, containing 0.2 M NaCl, between pH 6.0 and 8.0. The equilibrium and kinetic data were analyzed according to the two-state model, extended to include chain differences. The calculated value of the allosteric constant, L, varied from 3 X 10(6) at pH 6.0 to 20 at pH 8.0, lower at each pH value than that computed for phosphate buffer. In addition, the intrinsic rate constants of both T and R states were found to vary with pH. The kinetics of CO binding and of proton release, followed by absorbance changes in the pH indicator dye phenol red, were observed in 0.2 M NaCl, at pH values ranging from 6.3 to 7.8. Proton release lags behind CO binding across this pH range, the larger lags occurring at lower pH; this suggests that some proton release is associated with quaternary conformational change. The CO binding progress curves in unbuffered solution were simulated by the two-state model; in these calculations the value of L was systematically changed during the course of the reaction. The time courses of reaction intermediates, obtained from these computations, were then used to represent the kinetics of proton release. A simple model, assuming that proton release accompanies quaternary conformational transition but a modified model, incorporating pH dependence of the intrinsic T and R state affinities, describes proton release across the pH range studied. PMID- 7217098 TI - Further study of the conformation of nuclease-(1-126) in relation to intrinsic enzymatic activity. AB - Nuclease-(1-126), although containing 89% of the amino acid sequence which folds to the ordered structure of nuclease A, is disordered and highly flexible (Taniuchi, H., and Anfinsen, C. B. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 243, 4778-4786). On the other hand, Sachs et al. (Sachs, D. H., Schechter, A. N., Eastlake, A., and Anfinsen, C. B. (1974) Nature 251, 242-244) have demonstrated intrinsic enzymatic activity for nuclease-(1-126). To attempt to learn whether or not the active population of nuclease-(1-126) has the native conformation, we have examined nuclease-(1-126) with respect to enzymatic kinetics with and without the competitive inhibitor deoxythymidine 3',5'-diphosphate (pdTp), effect of temperature on enzymatic activity, binding of pdTp in the presence of Ca2+ and intrinsic viscosity, Stokes radius, CD, and response to trypsin action in the presence and absence of pdTp and Ca2+. The results indicate that the conformation of nuclease-(1-126) bound with pdTp in the presence of Ca2+ is partially constrained but still highly flexible below 30 degrees C, outside the range of thermal transition exhibited by the ordered elements of nuclease-(1-126). Thus, formation or stabilization of active site of nuclease-(1-126) by binding with ligands is not associated with cooperative folding of the entire polypeptide chain. Considering that nuclease-(1-126) does not bind to nuclease-(127-149) but does to nuclease-(111-149), the results are consistent with the idea that the specific cooperative interactions, providing extra stabilizing energy required for maintaining the polypeptide chain in the ordered state of nuclease A, may be disrupted for nuclease-(1-126) primarily due to cleavage of the peptide bond between residues 126 and 127. Then, it may be thought that binding with ligands does not compensate for this disruption. PMID- 7217099 TI - Allosteric properties of carbamylated hemoglobins. AB - The spectra, ligand-binding properties, and conformational change of carbamylated human hemoglobin A, specifically modified at its alpha-NH2 groups, have been compared with those of hemoglobin A. In the Soret region, the spectra of all deoxyhemoglobins are identical. The Soret bands of carbonmonoxy alpha 2c beta 2 and alpha 2 beta 2c are shifted in opposite directions relative to hemoglobin A, alpha 2c beta 2 having its Soret band at the longer wavelength. Carbamylation of either chain slows oxygen dissociation from the alpha chain in the R-state, although the effect is larger for alpha 2c beta 2 and alpha 2c beta 2c than alpha 2 beta 2c. Carbamylation of either chain also slowed oxygen binding to the alpha chain while the rate for the beta chain is not changed significantly, indicating that the chains influence each other in the R-state. The rates of oxygen binding after full and partial laser photolysis of oxygen-saturated alpha 2c beta 2 appear identical. The rate of oxygen rebinding for alpha 2 beta 2c, after partial (10%) photolysis is the same as that for alpha 2c beta 2, but following full photolysis, biphasic rebinding was observed due to the appearance of T-state molecules. Carbon monoxide binding studies under photostationary conditions suggested an L value for alpha 2c beta 2c smaller than that for alpha 2 beta 2c and hemoglobin A. The R to T transition of the deoxy form of alpha 2c beta 2 is abut 10 times slower than hemoglobin A. Carbamylation of the beta chain does not slow the transition, indicating that carbamylation of the chain affects the allosteric equilibrium in deoxyhemoglobin. To a reasonable approximation with minimum assumptions, all of the observations made in this study may be rationalized using the two-state model of Monod, J., Wyman, J., and Changeux, J. P. ((1965) J. Mol. Biol. 12, 88-118). PMID- 7217100 TI - Regulatory gene product of the Ah complex. Comparison of 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 3-methylcholanthrene binding to several moieties in mouse liver cytosol. PMID- 7217101 TI - Multiple T state conformations in a fish hemoglobin. Carbon monoxide binding to hemoglobin of Thunnus thynnus. AB - The blood of the Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) contains four hemoglobin components separable by chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose. These components are stable and functionally identical in their reactions with carbon monoxide. At low pH they remain in the T state even when liganded, and show two kinetic components in binding and in dissociation, with rates of 1) 1.2 microM-1 s-1 and 0.095 s-1 and 2) 0.013 microM-1 s-1 and 0.195 s-1, respectively, at pH 6, 20 degrees C, 0.1 m KPi. These components have difference spectra separated by more than 2 nm and are present in equal amounts. After CO has bound, there is a conformation change to an altered T state, in terms of the model of Monod et al. (Monod, J., Wyman, J., and Changeux, J. P. (1965) J. Mol. Biol. 12, 88-118), with a half-time of 65 s. At equilibrium, one-third of the slow kinetic component is changed into the new conformer, which binds CO at a rate of 0.14 microM-1 s-1. PMID- 7217102 TI - The reductive half-reaction of liver microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase. AB - The addition of substrates to microsomal FAD-containing-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.8) is an ordered process in which FAD reduction by NADPH is necessarily the first step. This reduction by NADPH is markedly biphasic, and when analyzed for two phases, rate constants of 2.46 s-1 and 0.88 s-1 are obtained at 4 degrees C, pH 7.2. The Kd (8 microM) for the binding of NADPH to the flavoprotein prior to reduction demonstrates a tight binding. Reduction by NADH also occurs and is similar in all respects to that observed with NADPH with the exception that the Kd is larger (0.167 mM) and easily measured. Oxygenatable substrates pre equilibrated with the enzyme do not change the reduction in any way. NADP+ equilibrated with the enzyme prior to reduction removes the faster phase of the reaction leaving only the slower 0.88 s-1 phase. However, NADP+ rapidly mixed with the enzyme at the time of reduction does not affect the biphasic nature of the reduction, indicating that the binding of NADP+ to the enzyme results in a comparatively slow change of the form of the enzyme responsible for the fast phase into that which exhibits the slower rate. A primary deuterium isotope effect of approximately 6-fold has been observed on both phases of the reduction using (4R)-[4-2H]NADPH. This is strong evidence that both phases are due to primary reduction steps and that the enzyme preferentially abstracts the (4R) proton. n-Octylamine, frequently present in turnover reactions because of its activating effect on the overall turnover rate of the enzyme, has a slightly inhibitory effect on the reduction step. We also show steady state kinetic patterns determined at both 25 degrees C and 15 degrees C which substantiate the results of Poulsen and Ziegler (J. Biol. Chem. 254, 6449-6455) which were determined at 37 degrees C. PMID- 7217103 TI - The oxidative half-reaction of liver microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase. AB - The reactions of reduced forms of liver microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase both with oxygen and with several oxygenatable substrates have been investigated using rapid reaction techniques. It was first shown that the pH optimum was at about 8.8 and that at pH values below 8 the stoichiometry was very nearly 1:1:1 for NADPH/(cysteamine or methimazole)/oxygen consumption, with only traces of H2O2 forming. Low temperatures (approximately 4 degrees C) were employed to better resolve kinetic intermediates occurring in the reaction. It was shown that in the absence of NADP+, substrate has no effect on the rate of reoxidation of reduced enzyme by O2. However, in the presence of NADP+ and the absence of substrate, the reduced enzyme reacts with O2 to form a remarkably stable C(4a) hydroperoxyflavin species. This occurs in a reaction that saturates with respect to O2, implying the formation of a reversible complex with oxygen prior to the formation of the hydroperoxyflavin. This has been predicted by the steady state kinetics (Poulsen, L. L., and Ziegler, D. M. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 6449 6455). In the presence of NADP+, substrate increases the rate of reoxidation (by destabilizing the hydroperoxyflavin), but the rate is much slower than the reaction of reduced enzyme with O2 in the absence of NADP+. The stability of the hydroperoxyflavin permitted its preparation on the stopped flow apparatus for subsequent reaction with various substrates. This reaction involved the rapid formation of a species with a new spectrum which was indicative of a C(4a) substituted flavin. Since this new species converts to oxidized flavin at about 2 min-1, which is equivalent to Vmax, it must be the rate-limiting step in the catalytic reaction. This new spectrum is likely due either to a substrate hydroperoxyflavin species or to a product-hydroxyflavin species. PMID- 7217104 TI - Identification of a lymphocyte enzyme that catalyzes pentamer immunoglobulin M assembly. AB - A protein with immunoglobulin M-polymerizing activity was isolated from the membrane fraction of mouse plasmacytoma cells secreting pentamer IgM. The isolation was achieved by taking advantage of the solubility of the protein in 50% ammonium sulfate, its relatively high net negative charge, and its sedimentation at 4.2 S. Analyses of the purified preparations showed that the polymerizing protein catalyzes the assembly of pentamer IgM in vitro; less than 1 mol of enzyme/10 mol of monomer IgM and 2 ml of J chain were found to promote 50% polymerization. Evidence that the enzyme also plays an essential role in the in vivo assembly process was obtained from the reaction rates of the polymerization catalyzed in vitro, the similarity between the pentamer IgM molecules synthesized in vitro and in vivo, and the finding that polymerizing enzyme is a specific product of B lymphocytes. Analyses of the mechanism of polymerization suggested that polymerizing enzyme is a sulfhydryl oxidase; it was found to be inactivated by chelating agents and to resemble Cu2+ in catalyzing the formation of IgM intersubunit disulfide bonds. These results raise the possibility that the assembly of pentamer IgM does not involve disulfide interchange is previously thought, but proceeds by the direct oxidation of monomer IgM and J chain sulfhydryls. PMID- 7217105 TI - Quantitative determination of histone modification. H2A acetylation and phosphorylation. AB - Each variant of histone 2A from mouse L1210 cells separates into at lest three bands on acid-urea gels, an unmodified band b0, and modified bands b1, b2, and, in the case of H2A.Z, b3. By analyzing tryptic peptides from these proteins on 50% acrylamide peptide gels, one can quantitate the fraction of H2A modified in various ways. With this methodology, the b1 form of H2A.1 was found to be a mixture of molecules, two-thirds of which were acetylated at lysine5 and one third of which were phosphorylated at serine1. The b2 band of H2A.1 contained molecules with phosphorylated serine1, acetylated lysine5, and one or two other sites of modification not found in b1 H2A.1 b2 H2A.1 was not composed solely of molecules each with both a phosphorylated serine1 and an acetylated lysine5. The heteromorphous H2A variant H2A.X can be phosphorylated and acetylated. The phosphorylation site was the same as in H2A.1, but the acetylation site was slightly different. The heteromorphous variant H2A.Z was different from the other H2As in that it was not phosphorylated, and it did not contain the NH2-terminal peptide, which is the phosphorylation site in the .X, .1, and .2 variants. Its acetylation pattern was also different from that of H2A.1 in that two sites, neither of which was found in H2A.1, seem to be involved at the first level of modification. PMID- 7217106 TI - Relationship of dolichol synthesis to glycoprotein synthesis during embryonic development. PMID- 7217107 TI - [Activity control of inactivated rabies vaccines. Critical study of the N.I.H. test using the so-called 'peripheric test' as an experimental model]. PMID- 7217108 TI - Improved methodology for the analysis of mixtures by band centrifugation. Quantitative determination of components in protein mixtures. PMID- 7217111 TI - The use of optimally regularized Fourier series for estimating higher-order derivatives of noisy biomechanical data. PMID- 7217109 TI - A comparison of three routes of inoculation for testing tumorigenicity of cell lines in nude mice. PMID- 7217110 TI - Study and parameters identification of a rheological model for excised quiescent cardiac muscle. PMID- 7217112 TI - Electro-mechanical wave propagation in long bones. PMID- 7217113 TI - Evaluation of muscular movements at the lower limb joints by an on-line processing of kinematic data and ground reaction. PMID- 7217114 TI - Propagation characteristics in distensible tubes containing a visco-elastic fluid. PMID- 7217115 TI - Plate and bone stresses for single- and double-plated femoral fractures. PMID- 7217116 TI - Stress fields in the unplated and plated canine femur calculated from in vivo strain measurements. PMID- 7217118 TI - Some vagaries of the medial epicondyle. AB - Roentgenographic data on the maturing epiphysis of the medial epicondyle of the humerus are prone to misinterpretation for the following reasons. First, fractures of the medial epicondyle may not be associated with joint effusion or metaphyseal avulsion fragments. Second, in the medial epicondyle the center of ossification, which lies posteromedial to the distal end of the humerus and is the last of the elbow epiphyses to unite with the humerus, may be quite distant from the humeral metaphysis, and differentiation of this normal characteristic from minimum avulsion is necessary. Also, multicentric ossification, although uncommon, will give the epiphysis a fragmented appearance. Finally, just before ossification of the medial epicondylar epiphysis, on its metaphyseal surface on the distal end of the humerus a sharp, straight sclerotic edge develops. PMID- 7217117 TI - Treatment of ununited tibial diaphyseal fractures with pulsing electromagnetic fields. AB - One hundred and twenty-five patients with one hundred and twenty-seven ununited fractures of the tibial diaphysis were treated exclusively with pulsing electromagnetic fields. The over-all success rate in healing of the fracture with this surgically non-invasive out-patient method was 87 per cent. The success rate was not materially affected by the age or sex of the patient, the length of prior disability, the number of previous failed operations, or the presence of infection or metal fixation. PMID- 7217119 TI - Kinematics of the elbow. AB - Previous studies of elbow kinematics produced conflicting results because of technical limitations. Kinematic analyses of eight normal elbows (four in cadavera and four in living subjects) using true lateral roentgenograms made by a special technique showed that flexion occurs about a single axis. This axis passes through the centers of the arcs outlined by the bottom of the trochlear sulcus and the periphery of the capitellum. Motion of the joint surfaces is of a sliding type except at the extremes of flexion and extension where rolling motion occurs. The carrying angle of the forearm remains constant as the elbow flexes. Based on these findings, total elbow prostheses ideally should be uniaxial, with the axis of flexion of the prosthesis the same as the axis of the normal joint. PMID- 7217120 TI - Unicondylar unicompartmental replacement for osteoarthritis of the knee. AB - Unicompartmental knee replacement is an attractive concept that offers several potential advantages over bicompartmental or tricompartmental replacement, including preservation of bone stock, of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, of the patellofemoral joint, and of the normal opposite compartment. Of our first 100 consecutive knees that had unicompartmental arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and were followed for two to six years (average, three and one half years), eighty-eight were medial and twelve were lateral replacements. The ages of the patients at the time of operation ranged from forty-six to eighty five years, with an average age of seventy-one years. At follow-up, pain relief was good to excellent in 92 per cent of the knees. The average amount of flexion was 114 degrees (range, 90 to 140 degrees); one-half of the knees had at least 120 degrees of flexion. The average flexion contracture was 1 degree. There were no infections and no peroneal palsies. At the time of writing, three failures had required revision. Radiolucent lines at the bone-cement interface were present around 8 per cent of the femoral components and 27 per cent of the tibial components. Two femoral components subsided in obese patients. There was no tibial loosening in the series. The most common complications, per anserinus bursitis, occurred in 12 per cent of the knees and was treated satisfactorily by injection of local anesthetics and steroids. Surgical technique must be precise to prevent subluxation of the tibia on the femur due to either improper positioning of the components or too tight a fit (too much pressure) between them. We view unicompartmental replacement as an attractive alternative for the treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis in elderly patients. However, we are strong advocates of proximal tibial osteotomy for unicompartmental osteoarthritis associated with a varus deformity in selected patients. PMID- 7217121 TI - Spherocentric arthroplasty of the knee. Clinical experience with an average four year follow-up. AB - We studied eighty-two consecutive spherocentric total knee arthroplasties with an average follow-up of four years (range, two to six years). All patients had either severe preoperative instability or deformity, or both. The over-all functional improvement and symptomatic relief were excellent. Knees with preoperative instability did as well as those with preoperative deformity that were stable. The knees with preoperative valgus deformity were the most likely to have postoperative wound problems or transient nerve palsy, while those with preoperative varus deformity were much more likely to have loosening. Postoperative limb alignment of 7 to 9 degrees of valgus angulation protected against lucency and loosening. No new cases of lucency or loosening appeared after two and one-half years. The infection rate was 4 per cent and the rate of failure due to loosening was 5 per cent. The over-all reoperation rate was 9 per cent. Nine patients (with eleven arthroplasties) died during the follow-up period. PMID- 7217122 TI - Bone-block iliotibial-band transfer for anterior cruciate insufficiency. AB - The anterior distal part of the iliotibial trace with attached bone block from Gerdy's tubercle was used as an intra-articular graft fixed by a screw to the tibia to control anterior instability (otherwise known as anterior, anteromedial, or anterolateral laxity) in twenty-four knees which were followed for two to four years. Concomitant single-plane 2+ to 4+ medial instability was present in eleven knees and was treated in five of them by simple immobilization, by imbrication of the medial collateral ligament, or by the Vigliani procedure. At follow-up, stability was improved and the result was rated good or excellent in twenty-one (88 per cent) of the twenty-four knees. The operation is applicable to the majority of chronic laxities of the knee and, because no immobilization is necessary, the postoperative care is much simplified and the rehabilitation time is much shorter. The procedure is contraindicated where there is posterior or single-plane lateral laxity. PMID- 7217123 TI - The role of joint load in knee stability. PMID- 7217124 TI - Salter-Harris type-III fracture of the medial femoral condyle occurring in the adolescent athlete. AB - This report adds six Salter-Harris type-III fractures of the medial femoral condyle to the fourteen such fractures that have been previously reported in the English literature. The injury results from a valgus force applied to the knee. As the fracture may reduce spontaneously, radiographs may not be diagnostic and the fracture may be unrecognized or be mistaken for disruption of the medial collateral ligament. If a fracture is suspected, a cross-table lateral radiograph should be made in an attempt to detect fat within the joint fluid and confirm the existence of an intra-articular fracture. An oblique, tunnel (notch), or over penetrated radiograph may demonstrate the fracture. However, if it fails to do so, radiographs made with valgus stress applied to the knee while the patient is under general anesthesia may be necessary. In our six patients, satisfactory healing of the fracture occurred after either spontaneous or manipulative reduction and subsequent non-weight-bearing immobilization in cylinder cast. Minimum femoral shortening developed in two patients, late anterior cruciate laxity was demonstrable in two patients, and one patient required arthrotomy for removal of an osteochondral fracture fragment. PMID- 7217125 TI - Hip arthroplasties in Gaucher's disease. AB - In six patients with Gaucher's disease, arthroplasties were performed on ten hips for avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The follow-up ranged from two to twelve years. There were three Vitallium mold (cup) arthroplasties, seven primary total hip-replacement arthroplasties, and two revisions of total hip-replacement arthroplasties. Increased intraoperative and postoperative bleeding was often encountered. The cup arthroplasties yielded good results on long-term follow-up, but there was a high rate of loosening of the prosthetic components in the total hip replacements. There was one postoperative pathological fracture but there were no infections. PMID- 7217126 TI - Total hip replacement in Gaucher's disease. AB - We performed seven total hip replacements in six patients with the adult form of Gaucher's disease. Excessive perioperative hemorrhage was a common complication, and three patients have required revision of loosened components. Two of these were young patients with a more severe form of the disease. Total hip replacement is feasible and likely to be successful in the older patient with Gaucher's disease and osteonecrosis or failed prior hip surgery. PMID- 7217127 TI - Surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis with or without Harrington instrumentation. AB - Of thirty-one patients who underwent posterior fusion for congenital scoliosis from 1972 through 1977 at the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, and were followed for two years or more, eighteen (average age, fourteen and one-half years and average curve, 62 degrees) were treated by spine fusion using Harrington instrumentation, and thirteen (average age, and one-half years and average curve, 43 degrees) were treated by fusion without instrumentation. Correction of the curve in the instrumented group was obtained at operation, while in the group without instrumentation correction was attempted using a plaster jacket applied during the postoperative period. After an average follow-up of thirty-four months in the group with Harrington instrumentation, the average curve was reduced from 62 to 40 degrees, for an average correction of 22 degrees, while in the non-instrumented group, after an average follow-up of fifty three months the average curve was reduced from 43 to 38 degrees, for an average correction 5 degrees. A myelogram using water-soluble contrast medium should be performed in all patients who are to have instrumentation and in all patients who have any neural abnormality or are suspected of having diastematomyelia. An intraoperative wake-up test was used in all patients who had instrumentation after 1973 and averted neural complications in one. Proper treatment of congenital scoliosis requires early recognition of curves that have already progressed or will certainly do so. Fusion without instrumentation then is sufficient. If correction is necessary, staged procedures (halo-femoral traction, anterior release, and posterior fusion) may be required for severe curves. For the less severe curves, instrumentation as the primary means of obtaining correction proved to be safe and effective in this small series, but should only be attempted by experienced surgeons in institutions with all of the necessary facilities. PMID- 7217128 TI - Severe lumbosacral spondylolisthesis in adolescents and children. Reduction and staged circumferential fusion. AB - Using a new surgical regimen, fourteen patients with lumbosacral spondylolisthesis and more than 50 per cent slipping were treated by reduction of the slip with two Harrington distraction rods extending from the first lumbar laminae to the sacral alae and bilateral posterolateral fusion from the fourth lumbar to the second sacral segment. Then, at a second procedure, thirteen had an anterior lumbosacral fusion using two bicortical wedge-shaped iliac grafts. The distraction rods were removed six to twelve months later. At follow-up, correction of the slips ranged from 70 to 100 per cent. In four of the thirteen patients the reduction was improved by 10 to 13 per cent during the anterior procedure. In one patient, a twenty-one-year-old women with a slip of more than 100 per cent, a cauda equina syndrome developed after the reduction and posterolateral fusion, and this necessitated removal of th rods and cancellation of the anterior fusion. This patient recovered completely and her final result was a solid posterolateral fusion in situ, with her abnormal posture and gait unchanged. The other thirteen patients, after follow-up ranging from two years to six years and seven months, had solid fusion, normal spinal alignment, normal anatomy of the spinal canal, and normal posture and gait. Only one patient had loss of correction during follow-up, which amounted to 7 per cent. We concluded that correction of severe spondylolisthesis (50 per cent or more) in properly selected patients can be accomplished by this two-stage procedure without risk of further slipping, pseudarthrosis, persistent deformity, or recurrence of the slip due to late remodeling. PMID- 7217129 TI - Parameters of longitudinal growth rate in rabbit epiphyseal growth plates. AB - Three parameters have been identified that provide useful indices of longitudinal growth rate in rabbit epiphyseal plates. Specifically, we have examined the relationship between longitudinal growth rate and (1) growth-plate thickness; (2) the rate of cell division by proliferating chondrocytes; and (3) 35SO4 incorporation associated with matrix synthesis. There were statistically significant correlations between growth rate and each of the three experimentally determined parameters. Growth rate increased in direct proportion to growth-plate thickness, rate of chondrocyte proliferation, or 35SO4 incorporation associated with matrix synthesis. Of the three parameters, the rate of cell division of proliferative chondrocytes, as determined by counts of 3H thymidine-labeled cells following autoradiography, appeared to provide the most sensitive index of growth rate. However, used in combination, determination of the three parameters should make it possible to assess the relative contributions of changes in the numbers of cells, in the rate of chondrocyte proliferation, and in extracellular matrix synthesis to over-all growth rate. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Methods are described and data are presented that should make it possible to design studies of the factors that regulate and control the longitudinal growth rate of epiphyseal cartilage growth plates. The experimental design of this work is applicable to the study of hormonal regulation of over-all growth rates and to determination of whether the effects of certain hormones are due to their effect on cell proliferation or matrix synthesis. Such studies should contribute to a better understanding of the control of growth in normal individuals and in patients with disease. PMID- 7217130 TI - Quantitation of skeletal-muscle necrosis in a model compartment syndrome. AB - Skeletal-muscle necrosis was evaluated in previously pressurized canine compartments using technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate and classic histological criteria. Intracompartmental necrosis was quantitated in the anterolateral muscle compartment of each dog by uptake of 99mTc stannous pyrophosphate using the contralateral anterolateral compartment as an internal control. Representative specimens of muscle were sampled in experimental and control legs of each dog and were analyzed by qualitative histological techniques. Muscle necrosis was assessed in compartments forty-eight hours after pressurization to levels of ten to 120 millimeters of mercury for eight hours in thirty-seven dogs. In another dog, neither anterolateral compartment was pressurized so that both compartments acted as control muscle. The results in these experiments identify a threshold pressure level (thirty millimeters of mercury) and duration (eight hours) at which significant muscle necrosis occurs at normal blood pressure. Our findings imply that a quantitative relationship exists between incorporation of 99mTc stannous pyrophosphate and the level of intracompartmental pressure. This uptake technique, however, is not suitable for diagnosing compartment syndrome in patients with a threatened compartment syndrome. We suggest that intracompartmental pressure measurements by the wick-catheter technique, in conjunction with clinical findings, offer the best means for diagnosing compartment syndrome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Significant muscle necrosis associated with an impending compartment syndrome occurs at a threshold intracompartmental pressure of thirty millimeters of mercury after eight hours. Since time variables are often unknown in suspected compartment syndromes, fasciotomy is recommended when intracompartmental pressure exceeds thirty millimeters of mercury in a patient with normal blood pressure. The use of this threshold pressure level as an indication for fasciotomy requires a device for measuring intracompartmental pressure such as the wick catheter. PMID- 7217131 TI - Treatment of pronation contractures of the forearm in cerebral palsy by changing the insertion of the pronator radii teres. AB - In twenty-two patients with cerebral palsy and a pronation contracture of the forearm, transfer of the pronator radii teres posteriorly to the anterolateral border of the radius converted it from a pronator to a supinator. Of the twenty two patients so treated and followed for two to six years, 82 per cent were judged to have a good to excellent result since they had gained an average of 46 degrees of active supination compared with their preoperative status. There was no loss of motion with the passage of time and, determined by palpation, active contract of the transferred pronator teres was evident during voluntary supination. The procedure allowed the patients to improve function significantly by giving them the ability to supinate the forearm during activities requiring axial rotation of the forearm. PMID- 7217133 TI - Burns following application of plaster splint dressings. Report of two cases. PMID- 7217132 TI - Bone metabolism in systemic mastocytosis. A case report. PMID- 7217135 TI - Prostaglandins in orthopaedics. PMID- 7217134 TI - Radioisotopic evaluation of skeletal disease. PMID- 7217136 TI - A prospective study of deep vein thrombosis of the leg in children on halo femoral traction. AB - This prospective study was performed to determine the true incidence of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb in children who had undergone halo-femoral traction to correct scoliosis before operation. Bilateral ascending phlebography of the lower limbs was performed on 54 children two days before spinal fusion and Harrington rod instrumentation. Two patients developed clinical evidence of thrombosis whilst on traction. This diagnosis was confirmed by phlebography. The other 52 children had no clinical evidence of thrombosis and their venograms were normal. The incidence of thrombosis was 3.7 per cent and clinically silent thrombosis did not occur. PMID- 7217137 TI - The natural history and aetiology of deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement. AB - A study of the natural history and aetiology of deep vein thrombosis in 499 patients after total hip replacement is presented. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed by scanning the leg for 125Iodine-labelled fibrinogen for a period of 14 to 18 days and by ascending phlebography. It has been shown that deep vein thrombosis occurs ater than in patients who have undergone abdominal operations, and the risk period is longer. The peak of onset of thrombosis is on the fourth day after the hip replacement. Attempts at prophylaxis using subcutaneous heparin or intermittent pneumatic compression of the calves delay the appearance of thrombosis. Analysis of possible aetiology factors shows that the age of the patient, the degenerative disease of the hip, the surgical approach, and under transfusion of blood, all have a significant effect on the incidence of thrombosis. PMID- 7217138 TI - The treatment of osteomyelitis of the tibia with sodium salicylate. An experimental study in rabbits. AB - Osteomyelitis was induced in the tibiae of rabbits by injecting a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus and sodium tetradecylsulphate, a sclerosing agent. These rabbits were then divided into two groups: one group remained untreated and the other was fed a diet containing sodium salicylate. Two and four weeks after induction of osteomyelitis the tibiae taken from untreated rabbits with osteomyelitis and incubated in vitro released significantly more prostaglandin E and F than the control uninjected or uninfected tibiae. Tibiae taken from rabbits treated with sodium salicylate showed minimal radiographic changes and a significantly decreased release of prostaglandin E and F compared to the untreated rabbits. Prostaglandins are known to be potent bone resorbing agents and the results of this study suggest that they may also be involved in the destruction of bone which is characteristic of osteomyelitis. The treatment of rabbits with osteomyelitis using anti-inflammatory drugs, which block synthesis of prostaglandins, in addition to antibiotics, may prevent the destruction of bone and possible sequestration thereby decreasing the risk of chronic disease. PMID- 7217139 TI - Release of prostaglandins from bone and muscle after tibial fracture. An experimental study in rabbits. AB - The release of prostaglandins E and F from the tibiae of rabbits and the surrounding muscle in vitro after fracture and pinning, or pinning alone, has been compared to the release from unoperated tissues. The fractured tibiae released significantly more prostaglandins E and F than the control tibiae three to 14 days after operation. The pinned tibiae also released more of the two prostaglandins, although this was significant only after 14 days. Consequently it was only around the third day that the fractured tibiae released significantly more prostaglandin E than the tibiae which had been pinned, but not fractured. Similar results were obtained for the release from the muscles surrounding the tibiae. Prostaglandins are important mediators of inflammation as well as potent stimulators of bone resorption. Their increased formation in response to fracture and pinning may stimulate the vascular changes, bone resorption and the proliferation of osteogenic cells observed after trauma to bone. PMID- 7217140 TI - The prognostic significance of the triradiate cartilage in suppurative arthritis of the hip in infancy and early childhood. PMID- 7217141 TI - Traumatic dislocation of the hip in children. AB - Thirty-three children with traumatic dislocation of the hip who had been treated at the Hospital for Sick Children between 1960 and 1977 were reviewed. The amount of trauma causing dislocation of the hip in younger children was less than that for older children. The most frequent complication was soft-tissue interposition which usually required a posterior arthrotomy to clear the interposed tissue. Less frequent complications included avascular necrosis, redislocation of the hip and an irreducible hip. Nineteen children were reviewed with an average follow-up time of 10 years. Clinical examination indicated that 84 per cent of these hips were normal but the radiographs showed that 47 per cent of the dislocated hips had a coxa magna of two millimetres or more. There was no correlation between the development of coxa magna and the clinical result. PMID- 7217142 TI - The use of computerised tomography in dislocation of the hip and femoral neck anteversion in children. AB - Computerised tomography is useful in the diagnosis of abnormalities of the hip in children, particularly in assessing the size and shape of the acetabulum, the position and congruity of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum, and the degree of femoral anteversion or retroversion. It is most useful when limited hip movement and previous operations preclude adequate clinical examination and assessment by routine radiographic techniques. It is not recommended for routine use in screening congenital dislocation of the hip or in diagnosis or follow-up of Perthes' disease or slipped capital femoral epiphysis. PMID- 7217143 TI - The use of stereophotogrammetry to measure acetabular and femoral anteversion. AB - Stereoradiography with a base shift of the source of illumination was used to produce pairs of radiographs to be measured by stereophotogrammetric techniques. The direction of shift was parallel with the longitudinal axis of the body, so that each radiograph in the stereopair could be used for other clinical purposes. A base shift of 10 centimetres with a distance of 100 centimetres between the focus and the film gave acceptable value of stereoscopic parallax. The radiographs were measured using a Hilger and Watts medical stereometer. This method was checked with test specimens, namely an osteotomised pelvis in which one acetabulum could be rotated and an osteotomised femur in which the whole upper portion could be rotated against the shaft. Measurements made on the acetabulum and its radiographs showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9838 over the range 0 to 30 degrees of anteversion, with a mean error +2.54 degrees and a standard deviation of +/- 1.52 degrees (n = 21). For the femoral neck, over the range from 10 degrees of retroversion to 80 degrees of anteversion, the correlation coefficient was 0.9979, the mean error +2.46 and the standard deviation +/- 1.48 degrees (n = 30). PMID- 7217144 TI - Dislocation following total hip replacement. AB - An analysis of 142 dislocations from a multicentre study of 6774 total hip replacements is reported. The incidence of dislocation was 2.1 per cent. Patients with neuromuscular disorder, those in a confused mental state, and those undergoing revision operations are at special risk. The commonest surgical error, present in nearly half the patients, was placing the acetabular cup too vertically or too anteverted. A less common fault was placing the femoral component too anteverted. Neither the original pathology nor the approach to the hip appeared to affect the likelihood of dislocation. The dislocations were divided into early and late, single and recurrent, and the success rate of treatment is described in these groups. One hundred and eleven patients (78.2 per cent) eventually obtained stability. Of those with a single dislocation, 62 per cent remained stable after a single manipulation. Thirty-four per cent of the patients required an open operation to achieve stability and it is suggested that, in many cases, open reduction alone is not enough; the mechanical fault needs to be corrected. PMID- 7217145 TI - Endoprosthetic replacement of the proximal femur and acetabulum. A survival analysis. AB - A series of 81 patients has been reviewed to determine the value of endoprosthetic replacement of the proximal femur and hip in the treatment of bone tumours. Standard statistical methods were used to evaluate the survival of the replacements and the patients. Taking removal of the prosthesis, irrespective of the cause, as the criterion for failure the survival of the replacements was found to be 63 per cent after 10 years. If deaths are regarded as failures, then the survival value falls to 48 per cent. The survival of patients with chondrosarcoma and osteoclastoma treated by endoprosthetic replacement compares favourably with survival after amputation or excision of the tumour. PMID- 7217146 TI - The fractured carpal scaphoid. Natural history and factors influencing outcome. AB - The scaphoid fracture is commonest in young men in the age group 15 to 29 years, who have the highest incidence of non-union, take the longest time to unite, lose more time from work, and spend the longest time as outpatients. A union rate of 95 per cent can be achieved using standard simple treatment. All but a few fractures are visible on the first radiograph, and failure of visualisation at this stage is not associated with a bad outcome. The postero-anterior and semipronated views are the most important to scrutinise. Crank-handle injuries have a particularly bad prognosis when they produce a transverse fracture of the waist of the scaphoid. Poor prognostic factors are displacement during treatment, the fracture line becoming increasingly more obvious, and the presence of early cystic change. The severity of trauma is an important factor to elicit from the history. PMID- 7217148 TI - The mechanical properties of bone in osteoporosis. AB - Specimens of femoral cortical bone from normal subjects and from patients with osteoporosis were mechanically tested in tension to destruction. The osteoporotic bone showed less strength and less stiffness than the normal bone; these reductions are related to the increased cavity area in osteoporosis. Further, the osteoporotic bone is not able to absorb as much energy before fracture as the normal bone; but this difference is not related to changes in cavity area. PMID- 7217147 TI - Shortening of the radius in the treatment of lunatomalacia. PMID- 7217149 TI - Stress fractures of the lower limb in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Thirteen patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis had 19 stress fractures of the tibia or fibula. These patients characteristically presented with sudden, severe, unexplained pain with localised tenderness just below the knee or above the ankle. In seven patients examination of the adjacent joint indicated a flare up of disease activity or a pyogenic arthritis. In six patients the diagnosis was delayed by the late appearance of callus in minute fractures. All patients had rheumatoid deformities of the ipsilateral lower limb: valgus deformities of the knee and subtalar joints occurred most frequently. All patients had osteoporosis; all except two had received steroid treatment and five had abnormalities of calcium metabolism. We suggest that deformities of the knee and ankle predispose patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis to stress fractures of the tibia and fibula. PMID- 7217150 TI - Vascular pedicle graft of the ipsilateral fibula for non-union of the tibia with a large defect. An experimental and clinical study. AB - Failure of union of the tibia with a large defect is difficult to treat, especially in the presence of sepsis and adherent scars. Conventional methods of fixation and bone grafting are not easily applicable. Experiments on Macaca monkeys showed that a vascularised pedicle graft of the shaft of the ipsilateral fibula could be fixed across a defect in the tibia and remain viable, even if it was isolated from surrounding soft tissues. Transfer of part of the shaft of the ipsilateral fibula on a vascular and muscle pedicle was carried out in 11 patients with large tibial defects and sepsis. There was one failure because of severe infection, but the other 10 patients gained sound union in about four months. The tibia was then protected by a caliper for the 18 months of full reconstitution. The bone infection healed and there was no evidence of avascular necrosis. Although the salvaged limbs were scarred, stiff and ugly, none of the patients suffered from pain, recurrent oedema or persistent infection. PMID- 7217151 TI - Malacoplakia of bone: a case report. PMID- 7217152 TI - Guepar total knee prosthesis. Experience at the Vancouver General Hospital. AB - Eighty-three Guepar valgus-hinge prostheses and 30 prostheses with collinear femoral and the tibial components were inserted in 97 patients at Vancouver General Hospital between March 1975 and May 1978. One hundred and nine arthroplasties were reviewed between January 1979 and April 1980, after an average follow-up of 19 months. It was found that the amount of bone resected made arthrodesis difficult, that there was a very high incidence of patellar instability and that the disintegration of the Silastic bumper created a severe chemical synovitis. The results were excellent in 32, good in 23, fair in 8, and poor in 30. Patellar subluxation occurred in 28 per cent of the valgus prostheses, and in 10 per cent with the straight prostheses; it did not occur with the straight prostheses in rheumatoid joints. The chemical synovitis led to failure with devastating complications necessitating further operations in some knees. PMID- 7217153 TI - The surgical management of varus deformity in haemophilic arthropathy of the knee. AB - Five patients severely affected by haemophilia, in whom six knees showed advanced haemophilic arthropathy, have been studied. The patients presented with painful limitation of movement and increasingly frequent episodes of spontaneous bleeding in the affected knees. These all showed secondary degenerative changes and varus deformity. A Corrective osteotomy of the proximal tibia was performed under full haematological cover without complications. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months, with a mean of 18 months. At follow-up all patients were free of pain and had retained their range of movement. In the three patients with a longer follow-up there was radiological improvement. The most significant feature was that there was almost complete cessation of bleeding episodes into the knee in all patients and no progression of the arthropathy. The cost benefit implications of this corrective procedure are discussed. PMID- 7217154 TI - A new technique for the reduction and stabilisation of severe spondylolisthesis. A report of two cases. AB - The different methods described in the literature for the reduction of severe spondylolisthesis are reviewed. The case histories of two girls with neurological deficits in their legs due to Grade IV spondylolisthesis are described. Reduction and fusion by the posterior route in a one-stage operation were performed on these patients. For this purpose special instruments have been designed to exert a controlled force on the displaced vertebra in two perpendicular directions. Technical details of the procedure are reported. In both patients intervertebral and posterolateral fusion were carried out. Fusion was successful and redisplacement did not occur. There have been only few descriptions in the literature of a technique that reduces and stabilises spondylolisthesis in one stage. However, only patients with Grade III and IV spondylolisthesis require reduction and in less severe cases fusion without reduction is sufficient. PMID- 7217155 TI - Localisation of the level of symptomatic cervical disc degeneration. AB - There are many difficulties associated with the localisation of the symptomatic segment in patients presenting with cervicobrachial pain with no evidence of impaired conduction in the nerve root. Ancillary radiological investigations such as myelography, epidural phlebography, and epidural myelograms are of unreliable diagnostic value. However, discography can be of value if the technique described here is used. Infiltration of the cervical nerve root with local anaesthetic has also proved useful in the localisation of the symptomatic segment. The techniques used in cervical discography and infiltration of the nerve root are described and their reliability is assessed. PMID- 7217156 TI - HLA antigens in Perthes' disease. PMID- 7217157 TI - Is the hypertensive urogram a necessary examination? AB - Twenty-four patients with surgically treated unilateral renovascular hypertension were investigated by minute sequence urography, angiography, surgical repair and pathologic examination. In only 10 patients did the urogram demonstrate evidence of the lesion. It is recommended that the hypertensive urogram not be used as a general screening device, that only selected hypertensive patients be investigated, and that the first radiologic examination in those selected patients may be renal angiography. PMID- 7217158 TI - Diminished visualization of renal outlines in adult renal polycystic disease. AB - Nephrotomographic and angiographic features of adult polycystic kidney disease (Potter type 3) are well documented, although comments on plain film findings are scant. In 34 patients with adult polycystic kidney disease, we found non visualization of 75% or more of the renal outlines on the abdominal plain film. This finding should raise the possibility of underlying polycystic disease. PMID- 7217159 TI - Unsuspected esophageal foreign bodies. AB - Retrospective study of ten infants and young children in whom an unsuspected foreign body was found in the esophagus revealed that all had had wheezing of difficulty swallowing solid food. In four, stridor or wheezing had been ascribed to respiratory infection. All foreign bodies were in the upper esophagus. Their presence can cause prolonged, severe morbidity. They can be identified by radiography of the neck and chest, occasionally supplemented by barium studies. PMID- 7217160 TI - Inaccuracy of radiographic measurements of colon polyps. AB - Polyp size is one of the main determinants of the surgical management of polyps in areas without colonoscopy services. We reviewed 47 patients with 59 polyps at two hospitals. Polyp dimensions were measured directly from air contrast barium enema radiographs, and again after resection and fixation. In over 95% of polyps the radiographic size exceeded the pathologic size by 10 to 100%. Since surgery may be decided on the basis of polyp size, an inaccurate measurement may result in unnecessary colonoscopy or laparotomy. We therefore recommend a correction factor derived from measuring a rectal tube of known diameter. PMID- 7217162 TI - Observer variation in lower limb venography. AB - Three radiologists examined 34 venograms (68 limbs) performed supine without fluoroscopy for evidence of thrombosis. At 11 major veins in each limb they stated whether thrombus was "absent," "doubtful," "presumed" or "definite" or expressed " "no opinion." Data were analyzed by using the kappa statistic, which corrects for chance agreement. Results were compared with those from a previous study in which two of the observers assessed venograms performed under fluoroscopic control with the patient semi-erect. In the present study observers expressed "no opinion" much more often, particularly for anterior tibial and iliac veins. With these examinations excluded, the extent of observer variation was similar in the two studies, disagreement about the presence of thrombus occurring in about 10% of examinations. The frequency with which the diagnosis of thrombus remains in doubt severely limits the value of venography performed supine without fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopically-controlled examinations in the semi erect position are preferable. PMID- 7217163 TI - Ultrasonography in evaluation of the jaundiced patient. AB - We evaluated 105 patients with jaundice by greyscale ultrasound. Of these, 66 were proven to have extrahepatic obstruction and 39 had hepatocellular jaundice. The overall accuracy of sonography in distinguishing intrahepatic from extrahepatic jaundice was 93%. Intrahepatic ductal dilatation was identified by sonography in 46 of 49 patients (94%). In 26% of patients with extrahepatic obstruction there was only dilatation of the common duct and no intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Sonography is recommended as the imaging procedure of choice in the initial investigation of the jaundiced patient. PMID- 7217161 TI - Chronic calcified empyema. AB - Three patients with chronic calcified "fibrothorax" and complicating empyema are reported. The so-called chronic "fibrothorax" may envelop a fluid-filled cavity. Reactivation or reinfection can occur after a very long latent period. When this occurs, it is often associated with either a bronchopleural or a pleurocutaneous fistula. Contrary to often quoted opinion, the calcification a fibrothorax is found on the parietal as well as visceral pleura. PMID- 7217164 TI - Sagittal and coronal reconstruction in body CT. AB - A review of 15 months' experience shows the major indications for sagittal and coronal reconstruction images in computed body tomography (CBT) are in the differentiation of lung disease from disease of the chest wall; of supradiaphragmatic from infradiaphragmatic lesions; of intrahepatic from perihepatic abnormality; of renal from perirenal disease; in establishing the level of obstruction in the jaundiced patient and in mapping pelvic malignancy. The accurate definition of the extent of disease proved beneficial in planning further diagnostic procedures (needle aspiration for malignant cells or abscess drainage), in determining the surgical approach, and in planning radiation therapy. PMID- 7217165 TI - Contribution of CT in thoracic bony lesions. AB - Fourteen patients with bony lesions of the thoracic wall, seven benign and seven malignant, were evaluated. In lesions with an aggressive appearance on plain films, computed tomography proved to be very accurate for mapping their extent, and for evaluating adjacent organ involvement. For non-aggressive bony lesions of the chest wall, plain films are sufficient for determining the nature of the lesion. PMID- 7217166 TI - CT of sacroiliac joints in secondary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was used to evaluate the sacroiliac (SI) joints in 12 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The CT scan was superior to conventional radiography in all patients, and correlated well with previous reports of SI abnormalities in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7217167 TI - Staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease in 69 patients. AB - Sixty-nine patients with biopsy-proven Hodgkin's disease were subjected to laparotomy, splenectomy, liver biopsy, bone biopsy, and para-aortic nodal biopsies between October 1970 and December 1975, and have now been followed for 5 years. There were no major short-term surgical complications. There was one death from septicemia in a splenectomized adolescent. Laparotomy with splenectomy provides more precise delineation of intraabdominal disease than other methods. In difficult or equivocal cases, staging laparotomy can help choose the best treatment regimen. PMID- 7217168 TI - Ontario accelerator dose intercomparison study. AB - An ionometric dose intercomparison has been carried out on eight accelertors, with maximum photon energies from 6 to 32 meV, at five radiotherapy centres in Ontario. The ratio of the dose based on the clinically-employed rad/monitor unit to the dose measured by the committee representative had a mean value of 0.994, with a range of 7.3% and a coefficient of variation of 2.5%. The ratio of the dose measured by the institution's physicist to the dose measured by the committee representative had a mean value of 1.000 with a range of 6.9% and a coefficient of variation of 2.3%. Eight recommendations regarding dose calibration procedures are presented. PMID- 7217170 TI - Pitfalls to avoid: psoas hypertrophy mimicking retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - Mild obstructive uropathy and medial deviation of the ureters were observed in an athletic young black male, raising the possibility of retroperitoneal fibrosis. These findings were shown by computed tomography and ultrasonography to be due to psoas muscle hypertrophy. PMID- 7217169 TI - Royal College Lecture, prevention of arthritis through preservation of cartilage. AB - In the face of current enthusiasm for total replacement of joints, we must not forget that much degenerative arthritis is preventable. Three causes of iatrogenic damage to articular cartilage are pressure necrosis, obliterative degeneration and drug-induced degeneration. Our experiments with continuous passive motion have shown striking beneficial effects on the healing and regeneration of cartilage. We are beginning to test this clinically at knee, elbow and finger joints with encouraging results. PMID- 7217171 TI - Medico-legal opinion: radiology and vicarious liability. AB - Vicarious liability in Canadian law implies additional responsibilities which parallel the benefits of a partnership, and the benefits of employer--employee relationships. It promotes optimum patient care, together with avenues for loss distribution in situations where negligence occurs. Radiologists, as persons in charge, are expected to exercise due care and skill in maintaining the quality of care which patients receive during all phases of the professional relationship. They are expected to provide the patient with a reasonable standard of care and skill, irrespective of whether the radiologist chooses to deal with the patient directly, or through a partner or employee. This is the same common sense requirement which all of us expect when we contract with a builder or mechanic who employs others to do part of the work. It is not reasonable to expect a patient to entrust his or her health on any other basis. PMID- 7217172 TI - Spontaneous mediastinal hematoma. PMID- 7217173 TI - Hemorrhage into the breast. AB - Hemorrhage into the breast is an unusual complication following anticoagulant therapy. A review has revealed only 20 examples. We wish to report the mammographic features not previously described in the radiologic literature. PMID- 7217175 TI - Layering of calcifications in synovial effusions. AB - The layering out of calcific particles within synovial effusions was detected with horizontal beam radiography in the shoulder of one patient and in the knee of another. This finding has been illustrated only once previously. We suspect that it may be a feature of hydroxyapatite deposition disease, but this remains to be proven. PMID- 7217174 TI - Intrathecal herniation of a lumbar disc. PMID- 7217176 TI - Adverse reactions to intravenous contrast agents in Ontario, 1975 - 1979. AB - A retrospective study of severe adverse reactions to intravenous contrast agents used for intravenous pyelography and enhanced CT scans is reported. There was no difference between large and small hospitals in the incidence and management of serious reactions to these agents. In spite of 81 cardiac or respiratory arrests during over 450,000 intravenous urograms in Ontario, only five deaths occurred. PMID- 7217177 TI - Does acrolein contribute to the cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide? AB - To determine whether the release of acrolein from oxazaphosphorinane-cytostatics contributes to their cytotoxic action, the effect of 4 hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, 4-hydroperoxy-semi-cyclophosphamide, 4-hydroperoxy dechloro-cyclophosphamide, and acrolein on murine L 1210 leukemia cells in vitro was compared by measuring the median survival time (MST) after transplantation of the tumor cells in DBA2/Han mice. We found that only 4 hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, which is able to release both acrolein and the alkylating metabolite phosphoramide-mustard, decreased the transplantability of L 1210 cells, while the structurally analogous 4-hydroperoxy-dechloro cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroperoxy-semi-cyclophosphamide, which under physiological conditions only release acrolein but no alkylating split products showed no cytotoxicity. Acrolein itself showed only a marginal effect, when administered in concentrations equivalent to the release of acrolein from the oxazaphosphorinane-derivatives in test. In this case, however, significant lysis of the L 1210 cells was observed by estimating dye exclusion, while acrolein released intracellularly from 4-hydroperoxy-oxazaphosphorinane-compounds did not. This points to a different mechanism of the cytotoxic action of extracellular acrolein and acrolein released intracellularly from activated oxazaphosphorinane compounds. The results suggest that the cytotoxic effect of activated cyclophosphamide is based on the alkylating moiety of the molecule. Neither the 4 hydroperoxy-group nor the activated oxazaphosphorinane-ring itself, nor acrolein released intracellularly during toxification of activated cyclophosphamide exert a direct cytotoxic effect. Thus, the release of acrolein from activated CP apparently does not contribute to the cytotoxicity of CP in vivo. PMID- 7217178 TI - The use of radioimmunoassay to study the formation and disappearance of O6 methylguanine in mouse liver satellite and main-band DNA following dimethylnitrosamine administration. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for O6-methyldeoxyguanosine has been developed, permitting the analysis of microgram amounts of DNA. This technique has been used in the study of the formation and removal of O6-methylguanine in mouse liver satellite and main-band DNA. The results indicate a reduced extent of O6 methylguanine formation in satellite DNA but similar rates of its removal from both classes of DNA. PMID- 7217179 TI - Effect of selected induction of microsomal and nuclear aryl hydrocarbon monooxygenase and epoxide hydrolase as well as cytoplasmic glutathione S-epoxide transferase on the covalent binding of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene to rat liver DNA in vivo. PMID- 7217181 TI - Multiple steroid hormone receptors in normal and abnormal human endometrium. AB - The cytoplasmic concentrations of ER, AR, PR, and GR were determined in 124 specimens of normal and abnormal endometrium and other uterine human tissues by the DCC technique. In the endometrial carcinoma group, we observed that pretreatment with MAP leads to low cellularity, higher amount of AR, lower amounts of detectable ER, GR, and PR: the last receptor was almost always absent. A positive correlation between ER presence and tumor grade of differentiation was found in endometrial tumors from hormone-untreated patients. With the value of 142 fmol/mg DNA as the cut off point between high and low binding capacity, the frequency of the single receptors within the hormone-untreated cancer group ranged from 61% to 88%; ER and PR were simultaneously present in 55% of cases (they are tightly correlated in the different biopsies with respect to frequency and amount); ER-AR-PR were present in 45% and all the four receptors in 40% of cases. Slightly higher values were found in normal endometrium collected from hormone-untreated patients. PMID- 7217182 TI - Prognostic groups in colorectal carcinoma. AB - A system of classifying colorectal carcinomas into five prognostic groups is described. This classification includes not only tumor spread, regional lymph node involvement, and distant metastases, but also resectability and R classification (residual tumor or curability). All patients with colorectal tumors can be classified by means of this system. The five prognostic groups differ statistically significantly (p less than 0.01) from one another with respect to age-corrected 5-year survival rates. PMID- 7217180 TI - Sequential studies on the histopathogenesis of gastric carcinoma in rats by a weak gastric carcinogen, N-propyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. AB - Sequential studies were made on the histopathologic changes in the glandular stomach of rats induced by a weak carcinogen. N-propyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (PNNG). Fiftyfour rats were given 100 micrograms/ml of PNNG in their drinking water for 44 weeks, and then normal tap water until the end of the experiment. Rats were killed at intervals between week 1 and week 88. No marked atrophy or ulceration of the mucosa was found between week 1 and the end of the experiment. Focal intestinal metaplasia was found in week 19 and its incidence increased during the experiment. Adenocarcinoma in situ with extreme cellular atypia was found in mucosa with a normal appearance in week 67. An adenocarcinoma invading the submucosa was found in week 69, and one invading the serosa in week 88. All these pathological lesions were found on the anal side of the pyloric region. No pathologic changes were found in the fundic region. The sequential changes of the mucosa of the glandular stomach induced by this weak gastric carcinogen, PNNG, were very different from those induced by the potent gastric carcinogen, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Gastric carcinoma induced by PNNG seems to be more similar to human gastric cancer than that induced by MNNG. PMID- 7217184 TI - Surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot associated with congenital tricuspid insufficiency. A report of two cases. AB - Among the congenital anomalies associated with tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid insufficiency is rare. In two children with tetralogy of Fallot associated with congenital tricuspid insufficiency, one due to elongation of the anterior papillary muscle and resultant redundancy of the anterior cusp of the tricuspid valve and another due to dysplasia of the tricuspid valve, both tetralogy of Fallot and tricuspid insufficiency were corrected simultaneously with success. The etiologic factors, clinical manifestations and surgical implications of this combination of anomalies are discussed. It is emphasized that tricuspid regurgitation must be repaired simultaneously in order to avoid low cardiac output syndrome in the case of tetralogy of Fallot associated with tricuspid regurgitation, particularly in which pulmonary regurgitation might occur after relief of the outflow tract obstruction. PMID- 7217183 TI - Restoration of E-rosette formation by bestatin in patients with bladder cancer. AB - Incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with bladder cancer in bestatin (specific inhibitor of aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase) solution resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of E-rosette forming lymphocytes. The increase in the proportion of E-rosette-forming lymphocytes was abolished after reincubation with 100% autochthonous serum. The fraction of E-rosette-forming lymphocytes from patients with bladder cancer which had restored receptors for sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) by incubation with bestatin also expressed receptors for the Fc portion of IgG and IgM. The proportion of EAC forming lymphocytes remained unchanged after the incubation with bestatin. When 600 mg of bestatin was administered for 1 day to patients with bladder cancer, restorative effect on the proportion of E-rosette forming lymphocytes was also demonstrated. The proportion of EAC-forming lymphocytes, however, did not change significantly. PMID- 7217186 TI - Technique of implantation and removal of balloon catheters for the intra-aortic balloon counter pulsation. AB - During recent years, intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation has become the treatment of choice in patients suffering from left ventricular power failure following cardiac operations. In our clinic IABP became necessary in 55 patients out of 1873 patients operated with heart lung machine during the period under study. The patients were studied in two groups. In Group I the intra aortic balloon counter pulsation was started only after there was no response to pharmacological agents, which often included high doses of catecholamines and vasoconstrictors. The mortality in this group was 74%. The second group consisted of patients treated since 1975. In this group, the counter pulsation was started early before ventricular damage was irreversible. In this group the survival was 52%. In addition we have paid careful attention to the technique of implantation of the balloon catheter, thrombosis prophylaxis during the counter pulsation and removal of any possible thrombi in proximal and distal segments to the arteriotomy with the help of Fogarty catheters together with the closure of the arteriotomy with a vein patch. The technique described has resulted in almost no peripheral vascular complications. PMID- 7217185 TI - Long term results of valvar replacement in Kuwaitis. AB - The long term follow-up of 59 Kuwait citizens who underwent valve replacement is presented. There was an early mortality of 12% and late mortality of another 12% with actuarial survival of 76% at five years. These values compare well with earlier Western series. The mean age of 26 is about half that reported in the Western literature. The ratio of mitral valve involvement (pure or mixed) to aortic valve involvement is 2.5:1 indicating that rheumatic heart disease is still prevalent. However, no case was operated during rheumatic activity. Anticoagulation therapy was well tolerated among the Bedouin community with acceptable thromboembolic and bleeding complications. There was high foetal wastage with only two live births out of six pregnancies. Valve malfunctions, haemolysis and subacute bacterial endocarditis complications are also discussed and were little different from other series. PMID- 7217187 TI - Unusual presentations of abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - A review of the records of 100 consecutive patients undergoing surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms disclosed two individuals who presented in a fashion sufficiently rare as to warrant detailed discussion. The first had concomitant rupture and thrombosis manifested by lower extremity paraplegia and anesthesia, and the second had documented DIC in conjunction with a stable aneurysm. The latter completely resolved with heparin and subsequent surgical repair. Each of these presentations has had documentation in the surgical literature in less than five instances, and both case histories are given, followed by a review of the literature and theories as to the underlying pathophysiology. PMID- 7217188 TI - Wound infection following carotid endarterectomy. AB - Wound infection after elective carotid thrombendarterectomy is extremely uncommon. A review of the literature fails to document a previous case report. A potentially common mechanism for postoperative wound infection in vascular surgical procedures in which prosthetic conduits are not utilized is discussed and emphasized by the presentation of a case report. PMID- 7217189 TI - Extra-anatomical approach to the congenital subclavian steal syndrome. AB - A young female with cerebral and left arm symptoms from the congenital subclavian steal syndrome is presented. Surgical correction was performed using an axillary axillary bypass. Pre-operative noninvasive vascular evaluation demonstrated reversal of flow in the left carotid artery which was corrected postoperatively. There was complete relief of symptoms and equal upper extremity blood pressure. This report represents the first instance in which this extremely rare congenital disorder was fully evaluated with noninvasive vascular techniques, and the first to be treated with an extra-anatomical surgical approach. PMID- 7217190 TI - The heparin neutralizing activity of venous and polyester aortic grafts. AB - The distribution and variations of heparin neutralizing substances in venous and polyester grafts in the abdominal aorta of dogs were investigated and the results compared with those of normal arteries and veins. 1, 4 and 36 months after the operation the venous and polyester grafts were excised and dissected into three layers. The antiheparin activity of the different layers was then determined. In the early post-operative period, the antiheparin activity in the venous and polyester grafts is higher but later begins to fall so that its level 3 years after the operation approaches that of the various layers in the normal veins. PMID- 7217191 TI - Evolution of an operation. AB - The story of the origin of Matas' endoaneurysmorrhaphy with suggestions for maintaining or restoring arterial continuity and their gradual evolution into the technique of intrasaccular interpolation of grafts in managing aneurysms provides another example of the increased utility of an operative procedure by its modification and expansion. PMID- 7217192 TI - Massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to a ruptured aneurysm of the retropancreatic arterial arch. AB - The Authors present a case report of a spontaneous ruptured aneurysm of the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (retropancreatic arterial arch), leading to a massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage with very severe hemorrhagic shock. They point out the rarity of such instances and explain some of the etiopathogenic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of this type of hemorrhagic pathology. PMID- 7217194 TI - Hypertensive crisis managed by bilateral renal artery reconstruction. AB - In hypertensive emergencies the physician is obligated to reduce arterial pressure immediately. This is best done with intravenous antihypertensive agents. If renal artery occlusion is demonstrated and the patient is refractory to appropriate medications, renal artery reconstruction may be necessary. In the poor risk patient, an attempt at transcatheter thromboembolectomy may be worthwhile. If this maneuver is unsuccessful, emergent aorto-renal reconstruction is indicated. A case of bilateral renal artery thromboses causing a hypertensive crisis which was successfully managed by aorto-renal bypass grafting is reported. PMID- 7217193 TI - Thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm. Simplified surgical management according to Hardy. A case report. AB - The case of a middle-aged woman with an extensive thoraco-abdominal aneurysm who underwent exclusion-bypass grafting (Hardy procedure) is presented. The patient had an uneventful recovery. Studies one year after surgery showed all grafts to be well functioning and the aneurysm thrombosed. In the authors' opinion, the method is a valuable alternative to more radical operations designed for treatment of thoraco-abdominal aneurysm. PMID- 7217195 TI - Spontaneous aorto-vena caval fistula: hemodynamic monitoring. AB - Rupture of an atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava presents a challenging surgical problem. Marked hemodynamic changes are produced by the large arteriovenous shunt. Hemodynamic monitoring with a Swan Ganz catheter will quantitate these alterations and can help direct appropriate therapy. A case illustrating this unusual lesion and the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative cardiovascular changes is presented. PMID- 7217196 TI - Total anomalous pulmonary venous return in children and adults. Results of corrective surgery. AB - The operative technique and the early and long term results are described in twenty consecutive patients who have undergone corrective surgery for total anomalous pulmonary venous return over a 12 year period from 1967 to 1979. There was a 15 per cent early mortality which occurred only in children below the age of four. There have been no late deaths. All survivors are leading normal gainful lives. Nine of seventeen have been recatheterised. The abnormality when encountered in children and adults carries a more favourable prognosis than when encountered during infancy. PMID- 7217197 TI - Femoral artery embolism and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - Peripheral emboli from asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms are surprisingly infrequent. When they do occur, they usually consist of small bits of atherosclerotic or thrombotic debris. A case is presented of massive bilateral femoral emboli followed by aneurysmal rupture 16 days later. Excavation of the mural thrombus lining the aneurysm was demonstrated angiographically. Although apparently an unusual occurrence, dissection and embolization of a mural thrombus within an abdominal aortic aneurysm may be the initial manifestation of aneurysmal rupture and warrant early surgical intervention. PMID- 7217198 TI - A case of invasive primary mediastinal seminoma treated radically with replacement of the superior vena cava. AB - A primary mediastinal seminoma in a 30-year-old man, invading intraluminally into the superior vena cava, was radically treated with reconstruction of the superior vena cava using Gore-Tex grafts. The patient has been doing well without any evidence of tumor recurrence for two years after the surgery, with the grafts being nicely patent. Even when a primary mediastinal seminoma is growing locally into the major veins, the tumor could and should be treated radically, with performing reconstruction of the removed venous system. Gore-Tex graft seems to be acceptable as a venous substitute for major vein replacement. PMID- 7217199 TI - Regulation of the synthesis of lactate dehydrogenase-X during spermatogenesis in the mouse. AB - Total mouse testis RNA directs the synthesis of the sperm-specific C subunit of lactate dehydrogenase-X (LDH-X) when translated in a cell-free system derived from rabbit reticulocytes. The newly synthesized C subunits were isolated by immunoprecipitation with antibody specific for this isozyme, and quantitated by electrophoresis on SDS polyacrylamide gels. The amount of radioactivity incorporated into the enzyme subunit was directly proportional to the amount of testis RNA added to the translational system, thereby providing a sensitive and reliable method for assessing relative LDH-X mRNA activity. A combination of sucrose gradient centrifugation and oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography resulted in a 23-fold purification of LDH-X mRNA over total cytoplasmic testis RNA. Analysis of LDH-X mRNA activity in the developing testis indicated that the appearance of functional LDH-X mRNA activity coincides with the appearance of LDH X catalytic activity at 14 d postpartum. Measurement of LDH-X mRNA levels in separated testis cell populations prepared by centrifugal elutriation demonstrated that LDH-X mRNA represents 0.17-0.18% of the total functional mRNA activity in fractions enriched in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, but only 0.09-0.10% of the translation products of elongated spermatids. PMID- 7217201 TI - Morphometric analysis of volumes and surface areas in membrane compartments during endocytosis in Acanthamoeba. AB - Stereologic analysis was made of cell surface membrane (PM) and two interrelated cytoplasmic membrane systems, the vacuole membranes (VM) and small vesicle membranes (SVM). Volumes and surface areas of the three membrane compartments were measured during steady-state pinocytosis, when membrane recycling is rapid, and during phagocytosis, when a shift to a lower rate of membrane uptake by endocytosis occurs (B. Bowers, 1977, Exp. Cell Res. 110:409). Total membrane area in the three compartments was 3.2 micrometers 2/micrometers 3 of protoplasmic volume and was constant throughout the experiments. In pinocytosing cells, 32% of the membrane was in the PM, 25% in the vM, and 43% in the SVM. The vacuole compartment occupies approximately 20% of the total cell volume, and the small vesicle, approximately 3%. As the endocytic uptake of membrane from the surface decreased, there was an increase in PM area and a marked decrease in SVM area. The VM area remained constant even though "empty" vacuoles were almost completely replaced by newly formed phagosomes within 45 min. This demonstrates directly a rapid flux of membrane though this compartment. A model, taking into consideration these and other data on Acanthamoeba, is proposed to account for the observed membrane shifts. The data suggest that the vacuolar (digestive) system of Acanthamoeba is central to cellular control of endocytosis and membrane recycling. PMID- 7217200 TI - Separation of dissociated thyroid follicular and parafollicular cells: association of serotonin binding protein with parafollicular cells. AB - Parafollicular cells (PC) of the sheep thyroid gland are neural crest derivatives that synthesize and release the biogenic amine serotonin (5-HT) as well as the hormone calcitonin. The thyroid also contains a highly specific serotonin-binding protein (SBP). Separation of dissociated thyroid cells was done to study the cellular localization of SBP and to develop a means of isolating PC for study. Various methods were used to obtain an enriched and purified population of PC. Minced thyroid glands were enzymatically dissociated and the cells were layered on a Ficoll linear density gradient. Fractions obtained from the gradient were examined for cell number, viability, 5-HT concentration, SBP activity, and morphology by electron microscopy. One of the fractions was found to be enriched in PC. High levels of 5-HT and SBP were also found in this fraction, whereas these levels were low where the majority of cells were found. This PC-rich fraction, however, contained numerous follicular cells (FC); therefore, additional approaches to cell separation were used. FC can be stimulated in vitro with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to become intensely phagocytic. When stimulated cells were incubated in the presence of silica microspheres, the FC engulfed the microspheres, which were toxic to them. PC did not become phagocytic and were unharmed by the microspheres. Suspended cells, after incubation with microspheres, were centrifuged on a discontinuous gradient, and a PC-rich fraction was obtained. Silica, however, interfered with analysis of SBP. Another method to take advantage of the phagocytic potential of FC was therefore used. TSH-stimulated cell suspensions were passed through a column of sepharose to which thyroglobulin had been coupled. Stimulated FC apparently adhered to the beads and were retained by the columns. Fractions eluting from the columns were greatly enriched with PC. These fractions contained high levels of 5-HT and SBP, and considerably reduced FC contamination was found by quantitative electron microscopy. It is concluded that SBP is localized to PC in the sheep thyroid. The idea that these cells resemble serotonergic neurons in their mechanisms of 5-HT storage is supported. PMID- 7217202 TI - Distribution of proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm of Amoeba proteus. AB - By transplanting nuclei between labeled and unlabeled cells, we determined the localization of the major proteins of amebas and described certain features of their intracellular distributon. We identified approximately 130 cellular proteins by fluorography of one-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels and found that slightly less than half of them (designated NP, for nuclear proteins) are almost exclusively nuclear. About 95 percent of the other proteins (designated CP for cytoplamsic proteins) are roughly equally concentrated in nucleus and cytoplasm, but-because the cytoplasm is 50 times larger than the nucleus-about 98 percent of each of the latter is in the cytoplasm. Of the CP, roughly 5 percent are not detectable in the nucleus. Assuming that these are restricted to the cytoplasm only because, for example, they are in structures too large to enter the nucleus and labeled CP readily exit a nucleus introduced into unlabeled cytoplasm, we conclude that the nuclear envelope does not limit the movement of any nonstructural cellular protein in either direction between the two compartments. Some NP are not found in the cytoplasm (although ostensibly synthesized there) presumably because of preferential binding within the nucleus. Almost one half of the protein mass in nuclei in vivo is CP and apparently only proteins of that group are lost from nuclei when cells are lysed. Thus, while an extracellular environment allows CP to exit isolated nuclei, the nuclear binding affinities for NP are retained. Further examination of NP distribution shows that many NP species are, in fact, detectable in the cytoplasm (although at only about 1/300 the nuclear concentration), apparently because the nuclear affinity is relatively low. These proteins are electrophoretically distinguishable from the high-affinity NP not found in the cytoplasm. New experiments show that an earlier suggestion that the nuclear transplantation operation causes an artifactual release of NP to the cytoplasm is largely incorrect. Moreover, we show that cytoplasmic "contamination" of nuclear preparations is not a factor in classifying proteins by these nuclear transplantation experiments. We speculate the no mechanism has evolved to confine most CP to the cytoplasm (where they presumably function exclusively) because the cytoplasm's large volume ensures that CP will be abundant there. Extending Bonner's idea of "quasi-functional nuclear binding sites" for NP, we suggest that a subset of NP usually have a low affinity for available intranuclear sites because their main function(s) occurs at other intranuclear sites to which they bind tightly only when particular metabolic conditions demand. The other NP (those completely absent from cytoplasm) presumable always are bound with high affinity at their primary functional sites. PMID- 7217203 TI - Glucocorticoid regulation of amino acid transport in anucleate rat hepatoma (HTC) cells. AB - The transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) by rat hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells is rapidly and reversibly inhibited by dexamethasone and other glucocorticoids. To investigate the role of the nucleus in the regulation of transport and to determine whether steroid hormones or steroid-receptor complexes may have direct effects on cytoplasmic or membrane functions, we have examined the regulation of transport by dexamethasone in anucleate HTC cells. Cytoplasts prepared from suspension cultures of HTC cells fully retain active transport of AIB with the same kinetic properties as intact cells. However, the uptake of AIB is not inhibited by dexamethasone or other corticosteroids. Neither is the inhibited rate of transport, manifested by cytoplasts prepared from dexamethasone treated cells, restored to normal upon removal of the hormone. Anucleate cells exhibit specific, saturable binding of [3H]dexamethasone; however, the binding is reduced compared with that of intact cells. The nucleus is thus required for the glucocorticoid regulation of amino acid transport in HTC cells. PMID- 7217204 TI - hnRNA and its attachment to a nuclear protein matrix. AB - In this study, DNA-depleted nuclear protein matrices are isolated from HeLa S3 cells. These nuclear matrices consist of peripheral laminae, residual nucleoli, and internal fibrillar structures. High molecular weight, heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) is quantitatively associated with these structures and can be released intact only by affecting the integrity of the matrices. It is, therefore, concluded that hnRNA is part of a highly organized nuclear structure. By irradiation of intact cells or isolated nuclear matrices with ultraviolet light, proteins tightly associated with hnRNA can be induced to cross-link with the RNA. Performing the cross-linking in vivo is an extra guarantee that only hnRNA-protein (hnRNP) complexes existing in the intact cell are covalently linked. Such hnRNP complexes were isolated and purified under conditions that completely dissociate nonspecific RNA-protein complexes. By comparison of the hnRNP found in nuclear matrices and the published data on the composition of hnRNP particles, it was found that the so-called hnRNP "packaging" proteins (32,000-38,000 mol wt) were not efficiently cross-linked to hnRNA by UV irradiation. They were, however, present in the matrix preparations, bound to hnRNA, because they were released from nuclear matrices after ribonuclease treatment of these structures. On the other hand, two major hnRNPs (41,500 and 43,000 mol wt) were efficiently cross-linked to hnRNA. These proteins were not released by ribonuclease treatment, which suggests that they are involved in the binding of hnRNA to the nuclear matrix. PMID- 7217206 TI - Intramembrane particles and the organization of lymphocyte membrane proteins. AB - An experimental system was developed in which the majority of all lymphocyte cell surface proteins, regardless of antigenic specificity, could be cross-linked and redistributed in the membrane to determine whether this would induce a corresponding redistribution of intramembrane particles (IMP). Mouse spleen cells were treated with P-diazoniumphenyl- beta-D-lactoside (lac) to modify all exposed cell-surface proteins. Extensive azo- coupling was achieved without significantly reducing cell viability or compromising cellular function in mitogen- or antigen stimulated cultures. When the lac-modified cell- surface proteins were capped with a sandwich of rabbit antilactoside antibody and fluorescein-goat anti-rabbit Ig, freeze-fracture preparations obtained from these cells revealed no obvious redistribution of IMP on the majority of fracture faces. However, detailed analysis showed a statistically significant 35 percent decrease (P less than 0.01) in average IMP density in the E face of the lac-capped spleen cells compared with control cells, whereas a few E-face micrographs showed intense IMP aggregation. In contrast, there was no significant alteration of P-face IMP densities or distribution. Apparently, the majority of E-face IMP and virtually all P-face IMP densities or distribution. Apparently, the majority of E-face IMP and virtually all P-face IMP do not present accessible antigenic sites on the lymphocyte surface and do not associate in a stable manner with surface protein antigens. This finding suggests that IMP, as observed in freeze-fracture analysis, may not comprise a representative reflection of lymphocyte transmembrane protein molecules and complexes because other evidence establishes: (a) that at least some common lymphocyte surface antigens are indeed exposed portions of transmembrane proteins and (b) that the aggregation of molecules of any surface antigen results in altered organization of contractile proteins at the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. PMID- 7217205 TI - Electron microscope localization of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat. II. Preganglionically denervated ganglion. AB - Cat superior cervical ganglia (SCG), denervated preganglionically 6-8 d previously, were stained for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) by the bis-(thioacetoxy)aurate (I), or Au(TA)2, method and compared by electron microscopy with normal SCG described previously (Davis, R., and G. B. Koelle. 1978. J. Cell Biol. 78:785-809). In confirmation of earlier light microscopic findings by the highly specific copper thiocholine method, there was nearly a total disappearance of AChE from the ganglion; no myelinated or unmyelinated axons with AChE-stained axolemmas were found, and only occasional traces of AChE staining were noted at dendritic and perikaryonal plasma membranes. Considerable staining for BuChE persisted at the latter sites, however. As in the normal SCG, physostigmine-resistant staining, caused by noncholinesterase enzymes plus the possible presence of very low concentrations of AChE or BuChE, was noted at external mitochondrial membranes, elements of the endoplasmic reticulum of neurites and Schwann cells, and also in lysosomes. These findings confirm the previous identification of AChE-stained myelinated fibers in the normal SCG as preganglionic and of the unstained myelinated fibers as postganglionic. It is proposed that the maintenance of AChE at postsynaptic sites in normal ganglia is caused by the release of a trophic factor(s) from presynaptic terminals. The source of the postsynaptic BuChE, which is apparently completely absent from the endoplasmic reticulum of the ganglion cells, remains unexplained. PMID- 7217207 TI - Appearance of fibronectin during the differentiation of cartilage, bone, and bone marrow. AB - Fibronectin has been localized by indirect immunofluorescence during the various phases of endochondral bone formation in response to subcutaneously implanted demineralized bone matrix. Its histologic appearance has been correlated with results of biosynthetic experiments. (a) The implanted collagenous bone matrix was coated with fibronectin before and during mesenchymal cell proliferation. (b) During proliferation of mesenchymal precursor cells, the newly synthesized extracellular matrix exhibited a fibrillar network of fibronectin. (c) During cartilage differentiation, the fibronectin in the extracellular matrix was apparently masked by proteoglycans, as judged by hyaluronidase treatment. (d) Differentiating chondrocytes exhibited a uniform distribution of fibronectin. (e) Fibronectin was present in a cottony array around osteoblasts during osteogenesis. (f) The developing hematopoietic colonies revealed fibronectin associated with them. Therefore, it appears that fibronectin is ubiquitous throughout the development of endochondral bone and bone marrow. PMID- 7217208 TI - Differential response of cycling and noncycling cells to inducers of DNA synthesis and mitosis. AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether cells in G(0) phase are functionally distinct from those in G(1) with regard to their ability to respond to the inducers of DNA synthesis and to retard the cell cycle traverse of the G(2) component after fusion. Synchronized populations of HeLa cells in G(1) and human diploid fibroblasts in G(1) and G(0) phases were separately fused using UV inactivated Sendai virus with HeLa cells prelabeled with [(3)H]ThdR and synchronized in S or G(2) phases. The kinetics of initiation of DNA synthesis in the nuclei of G(0) and G(1) cells residing in G(0)/S and G(1)/S dikaryons, respectively, were studied as a function of time after fusion. In the G(0)/G(2) and G(1)/G(2) fusions, the rate of entry into mitosis of the heterophasic binucleate cells was monitored in the presence of Colcemid. The effects of protein synthesis inhibition in the G(1) cells, and the UV irradiation of G(0) cells before fusion, on the rate of entry of the G(2) component into mitosis were also studied. The results of this study indicate that DNA synthesis can be induced in G(0)nuclei after fusion between G(0)- and S-phase cells, but G(0) nuclei are much slower than G(1) nuclei in responding to the inducers of DNA synthesis because the chromatin of G(0) cells is more condensed than it is in G(1) cells. A more interesting observation resulting from this study is that G(0) cells is more condensed than it is in G(1) cells. A more interesting observation resulting from this study is that G(0) cells differ from G(1) cells with regard to their effects on the cell cycle progression of the G(2) nucleus into mitosis. This difference between G(0) and G(1) cells appears to depend on certain factors, probably nonhistone proteins, present in G(1) cells but absent in G(0) cells. These factors can be induced in G(0) cells by UV irradiation and inhibited in G(1) cells by cycloheximide treatment. PMID- 7217209 TI - Astrocyte membrane structure: changes after circulatory arrest. AB - Membranes of the astrocytic processes investing small blood vessels and the surface of the brain contain numerous arrays of orthogonally packed particles as revealed by the freeze-fracture technique. The structure of these particle arrays, which we have termed "assemblies," is the same whether tissue is prepared for freeze-fracture by conventional fixation or by quick excision and rapid freezing. However, assemblies are progressively replaced by amorphous clumps and then disappear as the interval between decapitation and rapid freezing increases. Nearly normal numbers of assemblies may be maintained in cerebellar slices in vitro, but there too they disappear at low PO2 or in the presence of dinitrophenol. No other neuronal or glial membrane specialization exhibits a comparable lability. PMID- 7217211 TI - Oxygen enhances fusion of cultured chick embryo myoblasts. AB - Fusion of mononucleate myoblasts to form multinucleated myotubes increases when skeletal muscle cells are grown in progressively higher oxygen concentrations (5%, 20%, and 40% oxygen). At four days of growth fusion of myoblasts (as expressed by the percent of all muscle nuclei that are located in myotubes) is 57 +/- 2% in 5% oxygen, 68 +/- 1% in 20% oxygen, and 78 +/- 2% in 40% oxygen (P less than 0.001). However, at a concentration of 40%, oxygen depresses the rate of cell division and thereby affects the number of myoblasts available for fusion. Thus, oxygen concentration significantly modifies growth of skeletal muscle in vitro. Its net effect on myotube formation results from the interaction of its separate effects to enhance cell fusion and to depress cell proliferation. PMID- 7217210 TI - Further evidence for an inhibitor of proliferation elaborated by normal human fibroblasts in culture: partial characterization of the inhibitor. AB - We present evidence that extends our earlier preliminary report on the stimulatory effect of saline washes on confluent cells in culture (Lacey et al., '77). That work suggested that an inhibitory substance was being removed by the washes. The present work suggests that the inhibitor is in the 10,000-30,000 MW range, is reversibly bound, is cationic and is also a protease inhibitor. It is heat stable, but is apparently degraded with time in our experimental systems. PMID- 7217213 TI - Calcium transport and cellular distribution in quiescent and serum-stimulated primary cultures of bone cells and skin fibroblasts. AB - Primary cultures of bone cells and skin fibroblasts were examined for their Ca++ content, intracellular distribution and Ca++ fluxes. Kinetic analysis of 45Ca++ efflux curves indicated the presence of three exchangeable Ca++ compartments which turned over at different rates: a "very fast turnover" (S1), a "fast turnover" (S2, and a "slow turnover" Ca++ pool (S3). S1 was taken to represent extracellular membrane-bound Ca++, S2 represented cytosolic Ca++, and S3 was taken to represent Ca++ sequestered in some intracellular organelles, probably the mitochondria. Bone cells contained about twice the amount of Ca++ as compared with cultured fibroblasts. Most of this extra Ca++ was localized in the "slow turnover" intracellular Ca++ pool (S3). Serum activation caused the following changes in the amount, distribution, and fluxes of Ca++: (1) In both types of cells serum caused an increase in the amount of Ca++ in the "very fast turnover" Ca++ pool, and an increase in the rate constant of 45Ca++ efflux from this pool, indicating a decrease in the strength of Ca++ binding to ligands on cell membranes. (2) In fibroblasts, serum activation also caused a marked decrease in the content of Ca++ in the "slow turnover" Ca++ pool (S3), an increase in the rates of Ca++ efflux from the cells to the medium, and from S3 to S2, as well as a decrease in the rate of influx into S3. (3) In bone cells the amount of Ca++ in S3 remained high in "serum activated" cells, the rate of efflux from S3 to S2 increased, and the rate of influx into S3 also increased. The rate of efflux from the cells to the medium did not change. The results suggest specific properties of bone cells with regard to cell Ca++ presumably connected with their differentiation. Following serum activation we investigated the time course of changes in the amount of exchangeable Ca++ in bone cells and fibroblasts, in parallel with measurements of 3H-thymidine incorporation and cell numbers. Serum activation caused a rapid decrease in the content of cell Ca++ which was followed by a biphasic increase lasting until cell division. PMID- 7217212 TI - Effect of arachidonic acid and the chemotactic factor F-Met-Leu-Phe on cation transport in rabbit neutrophils. AB - A detailed examination of the effects of exogenous arachidonate on cation metabolism in rabbit neutrophils was undertaken. Arachidonic acid stimulates the movement of 45Ca into and out of the neutrophils with a net result, in the presence of extracellular calcium, of increasing the steady-state level of 45Ca. Arachidonate also increases the uptake of 22Na. These effects of arachidonate are specific to these cations, concentration-dependent, and sensitive to lipoxygenase inhibitors. At the concentrations used in this study arachidonate does not influence the permeability of human erythrocytes to 45Ca. Furthermore, both arachidonic acid and F-Met-Leu-Phe release calcium from a previously unexchangeable intracellular pool and the effect of the two stimuli are not additive. Arachidonic acid-dependent, but not F-Met-Leu-Phe-dependent, calcium release is sensitive to lipoxygenase inhibitors. These two stimuli thus appear to release calcium from the same pool(s) by separate mechanisms. The results summarized above are consistent with the hypothesis that one or more arachidonate metabolites are involved in the mechanism underlying the chemotactic factor induced permeability changes in rabbit neutrophils. PMID- 7217215 TI - Fluorimetric measurements and chromatin condensation patterns of nuclei from 3T3 cells throughout G1. AB - Using two cytological methods based on nuclear morphology, quinacrine dihydrochloride (QDH) staining and premature chromosome condensation (PCC), it has been possible to identify cell cycle positions within G1 of growing and arrested 3T3 cells. The fluorescent intensity of QDH-stained interphase cells appears to decrease as the cells pass from mitosis to S phase. Likewise, the length and thickness of prematurely condensed chromatids can be related to the cells; position within the G1 period. Data are presented that deal with three interrelated topics: 1) We determined by fluorometric measurements of nuclei from 3T3 cells that the visual observation of the decrease in QDH fluorescence during G1 reflects an actual decrease in total fluorescence and not a dispersion of the fluorescent chromatin in a larger nuclear area. 2) We correlated the results obtained by QDH staining with those of PCC on the same cell samples blocked in G1 by different conditions. Serum-starved and contact-inhibited cell nuclei had the highest intensity, hydroxyurea-treated ones had the lowest intensity, while that of isoleucine-deprived cells was in between. The same relative order of G1 positions was obtained based on PCC morphology. Thus, both methods monitor the state of chromatin condensation and can be used to identify cell cycle position within G1. 3) We showed with both methods that the states of chromatin resulting from the various G1 blocking conditions differ from each other. PMID- 7217214 TI - Collagen gels as a matrix for haemopoiesis. AB - We have shown that collagen gel can be used as a culture matrix for the cloning of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C), the production of foci of marrow stromal cells and the maintenance of stem cell proliferation, differentiation and the production of CFU-C. Since collagen is a physiological matrix and allows the simultaneous growth of a variety of cellular elements, the system should prove useful for examining the role of cell/cell interactions and regulatory molecules involved in haemopoiesis. PMID- 7217216 TI - Amino acid transport in human lymphocytes: distinctions in the enhanced uptake with PHA treatment or amino acid deprivation. AB - Human blood lymphocytes increase their concentrative uptake of amino acids when treated with plant lectins such as phytohemagglutinin or when exposed to an amino acid deficient environment (adaptation). Previous studies of the PHA effect have been conducted principally with alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). We have studied the transport characteristics of naturally occurring amino acids by PHA-treated lymphocytes. These studies have been conducted in the absence and presence of added carrier amino acid to determine whether an increase in transport after PHA treatment is mediated by the same mechanism that occurs during adaptation to a low amino acid environment. PHA stimulated the uptake of AIB, alanine, and proline 1.5- to 2-fold after 4 hours' exposure. AIB and proline, but not alanine transport, also increased when lymphocytes were in an amino acid-deficit medium. When lymphocytes were in an amino acid-deficient medium with PHA, the increase in uptake induced by PHA was superimposed on the increase that occurred in response to an amino acid-deficient medium. Also, PHA stimulated a delayed increase (16- 20 hours) in the transport of leucine, whose uptake does not adapt to an amino acid-deficient medium. These data suggest that PHA and amino acid deprivation stimulated rate increases in amino acid transport by separate mechanisms. PMID- 7217217 TI - The effect of sarcomere non-uniformity on the sarcomere length-tension relationship of skinned fibers. AB - It has proved difficult to activate skinned muscle fibers to produce high tension (3 kg/cm2 level) without loss of clear striations. A new method was developed which permits high tension production in skinned muscle fibers while retaining clear striations. Clear striations allow reliable measurement of the sarcomere lengths during contraction by microscopy and diffractometry. The method is to increase the Ca++ concentration of the bathing solution very gradually over a time period of 5 to 10 minutes. Once the skinned fiber is conditioned by this slow activation, subsequent contractions can be elicited by ordinary quick activations without loss of striations. When the experiments are carried out with careful controls for the uniformity of the sarcomere length distribution along the entire length of the fiber, contractions are highly repeatable. Using the new method and stringent quality control of fibers, the sarcomere length-isometric tension relationship of skinned rabbit soleus fibers was obtained. The results differ from those previously obtained by conventional activation methods in that tension increases with sarcomere length not only at low (pCa = 5.8), but also at high (pCa = 5.2), calcium concentration. PMID- 7217218 TI - Synthesis of a metallothionein-like protein in cultured human skin fibroblasts: relation to abnormal copper distribution in Menkes' disease. AB - A metallothionein-like protein (MTP) is synthesized in normal diploid human skin fibroblasts cultured in Zn- or Cu-supplemented medium. Synthesis of MTP is not detected in cells cultured without metal supplementation of complete tissue culture medium. Cultured fibroblasts from patients with Menkes' disease accumulate excess Cu which chromatographs both with high-molecular-weight protein(s) and with a Cu-MTP. Under normal culture conditions, the Menkes' MTP incorporates [35S]-cystine, but not appreciable amounts of 65Zn. However, Menkes fibroblasts retain the ability to incorporate 65Zn into MTP in response to Zn supplementation of the medium. The results do not support the idea that Menkes' disease results from a failure of Cu to bind to MTP, but rather that an elevated intracellular Cu concentration in Menkes' disease fibroblasts leads to association of excess Cu with high-molecular-weight protein, stimulating synthesis of a Cu-binding MTP. PMID- 7217219 TI - Methionine utilization in long-term human lymphoid cell lines. AB - Long-term lymphoid cell lines (LTL) cultured under normal conditions use methionine primarily for protein synthesis, although a significant proportion is converted to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and used for synthesis of the polyamines, spermidine, and spermine. When LTL are cultured under conditions of high cell density, there is an initial phase of rapid protein synthesis and accumulation of SAM as found under normal culture conditions, but this soon ceases. Polyamine synthesis is small under these conditions, despite the presence of relatively large amounts of SAM. PMID- 7217220 TI - The membrane potential of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: an evaluation of the null point method. PMID- 7217221 TI - On the activity and fidelity of chromatin-associated hepatic DNA polymerase-beta in aging murine species of different life spans. AB - Activity and accuracy of chromatin-directed DNA replication have been compared in young and aged Mus musculus and Peromyscus leucopus, two murine species with contrasting maximum lifespans. Chromatin isolated from livers of mature adults of both species copied efficiently exogenous DNA templates using predominantly DNA polymerase-beta. The DNA synthetic activity of liver chromatin remained constant in both species throughout their lifetimes. The fidelity of chromatin-directed poly [d(A-T)] synthesis was similar for the comparatively short-lived M. musculus and the relatively long-lived P. leucopus and remained unaltered in old animals. The fidelity of poly [d(A-T)] copying catalyzed by DNA polymerase-beta dissociated from liver chromatin was comparable to that of the chromatin-directed synthesis. The dissociation enzymes did not exhibit diminished fidelity of poly [d(A-T)] synthesis with age. In all ages of both species examined, the murine liver DNA polymerase-beta, both chromatin-associated and solubilized, exhibited high error frequencies; approximately one dGMP was incorporated for every 500 1,000 complementary nucleotides polymerized. The relationship of these results to the accuracy of DNA replication and repair as a determinant of aging is considered. PMID- 7217222 TI - Gluconeogenesis in rat liver parenchymal cells in primary culture: permissive effect of the glucocorticoids on glucagon stimulation of gluconeogenesis. AB - Primary cultures of parenchymal cells isolated from adult rat liver by a collagenase perfusion procedure and maintained as a monolayer in a serum-free culture medium were used to study gluconeogenesis and the role that the glucocorticoids play in the control of this pathway. These cells carried out gluconeogenesis from three-carbon precursors (alanine and lactate) in response to glucagon and dexamethasone added alone or in combination. Maximum glucose production was observed with cells pretreated for several hours with dexamethasone and glucagon prior to addition of substrate and glucagon (8- to 12 fold increase over basal glucose production). Half-maximum stimulation of gluconeogenesis was seen with 3.6 X 10(-10) M glucagon and 3.6 X 10(-8) M dexamethasone. Maximum stimulation was observed with 10(-7) M glucagon and 10(-6) M dexamethasone. The length of time of dexamethasone pretreatment was found to be important in demonstrating the effect of glucocorticoids on glucagon-stimulated gluconeogenesis. Treatment of cells with dexamethasone for 2 hours did not result in an increase in glucose production over identical experimental conditions in the absence of dexamethasone, whereas pretreatment for 5 hours (1.2-fold increase) or 15 hours (1.7-fold increase) did result in an increase in glucose production. The results establish that the adult rat liver parenchymal cells in primary culture are a valid model system to study hepatic gluconeogenesis. In addition, we have established directly that the glucocorticoids amplify the glucagon stimulation of gluconeogenesis. PMID- 7217223 TI - The reversible inability of isoproterenol-activated parotid gland cells to initiate DNA synthesis in the hypocalcemic thyroparathyroidectomized rat. AB - An intraperitoneal injection of the beta-adrenergic drug dl-isoproterenol hydrochloride (100 mg/kg body weight) into male (190-210 g) albino rats caused two cyclic AMP surges (peaking at 10 minutes and again between 8 and 12 hours) and the initiation of DNA synthesis (between 16 and 20 hours) in the parotid glands. The parotid cells in hypocalcemic thyroparathyroidectomized rats still responded to isoproterenol injection by generating the two cyclic AMP surges, but they did not initiate DNA synthesis unless a blood calcium-elevating combination of parathyroid hormone (50 USP units/100 g of body weight) and 1 alpha,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (200 pmoles/100 g of body weight) was injected along with the isoproterenol. PMID- 7217224 TI - Neutral amino acid transport during the cell cycle of cultured human lymphocytes. AB - Neutral amino acid (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) transport was monitored in synchronous populations of WIL-2 cells, a diploid human lymphoblastoid B cell line. Cells were synchronized by either the double thymidine block technique or by density-dependent arrest in G1. Cells synchronized by these methods showed up to a 66% decrease in amino acid transport upon progressing from the early S phase through the G2 and M phases with a concomitant increase in transport during the G1 phase. The lowest activities of amino acid transport in synchronized cells were observed during the G2 and M phases. PMID- 7217225 TI - Cation transport and growth regulation in neuroblastoma cells. Modulations of K+ transport and electrical membrane properties during the cell cycle. AB - Cation transport and membrane potential were studied during the cell cycle of neuroblastoma cells (clone Neuro-2A) to investigate the role of these parameters in growth regulation. The cells were synchronized by selective detachment of mitotic cells. The membrane potential and intracellular K+ activity were measured with conventional and K+-selective microelectrodes respectively. Both the membrane potential and K+ activity were high in mitosis, decreased to half maximal in G1 phase, and rose again during S phase. K+ efflux across the plasma membrane was studied with 42K+ as a radioactive tracer using a washing method for cells grown in monolayer and a continuous efflux method for mitotic cells in suspension. The intracellular K+ content and unidirectional K+ efflux rate obtained from these measurements showed modulations during the cell cycle similar to those of the membrane potential. Using equations of electrodiffusion theory the membrane permeabilities to K+ and Na+ were calculated. These permeabilities were high in mitosis, decreased rapidly in G1 phase and increased during S phase, followed by a transient decrease in G2 phase. A rapid increase was observed between G2 phase and the next mitosis. A similar pattern was obtained for the K+ conductance. K+ resistance changes during the cell cycle were similar to changes in the specific membrane resistance, measured by microelectrodes, except for the early cell cycle phases (mitosis and G1). These studies clearly demonstrate large modulations of the passive membrane permeability properties during the cell cycle. These modulations can be correlated with physicochemical membrane variations during the cell cycle, such as membrane fluidity and lateral mobility of lipids. PMID- 7217226 TI - Studies on a human melanoma cell line: effect of cell crowding and nutrient depletion on the biophysical and kinetic characteristics of the cells. AB - In an investigation of the changes that occur in cultured neoplastic cells as they outgrow their supply of nutrient, MM96 human melanoma cells were found to diminish in size and to proliferate more slowly. These changes were accompanied by a moderate increase in the proportion of cells with a G1-like DNA content. When replated under favorable conditions, many of these cells gradually resumed active proliferation. Continuing adverse culture conditions led to a continued fall in cell size, loss of reproductive viability, and finally to rapid cell death. Simultaneous buoyant-density and velocity-sedimentation-fractionation experiments showed that cells from exponential cultures were moderately dense and rapidly sedimenting, cells from postexponential cultures were less dense and much more slowly sedimenting, and dye-excluding cells from reproductively nonviable, late postexponential cultures were of widely variable though generally high density, and were moderately rapidly sedimenting. Although neither fractionation method resulted in significant enrichment of clonogenic cells, depletion was seen at both extremes of both types of profile. Cells fractionated by velocity were sorted according to DNA content and hence location in the cell cycle. The relationship between sedimentation rate and cell-cycle location was reflected in the continuous thymidine labeling patterns of the separated cells. Study of these patterns suggested that cycle durations lengthened as crowding increased and nutrient became depleted, and shortened upon reseeding at low density into fresh medium. PMID- 7217227 TI - [Warren's operation for portal hypertension. Evaluation of results by early angiography in 23 cases (author's transl)]. AB - After distal splenorenal anastomosis, as described by Warren, in 23 patients, early assessment of results (after 2 weeks and 2 months) by endoscopic examination and celiomesenteric angiography was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure and its effects on hepatic portal perfusion. The distal splenorenal shunt remained open in almost all cases (22 out of 23), the varices diminished, and postoperative hemorrhage rarely occurred (3/23 cases). The portogastric disconnection was incomplete in 8 patients, preservation of hepatoportal flow not being constant, as 6 cases with partial and 2 cases with complete portal thrombosis were observed. PMID- 7217228 TI - [Advantages of systematic recurrent laryngeal nerve resection during thyroid surgery. Results of 422 thyroidectomies employing this procedure (author's transl)]. AB - Thyroidectomy for different thyroid disorders was conducted in 422 patients during 1978, after normal pre-operative laryngoscopy findings. Dissection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was employed systematically in all patients except those having isthmectomy or enucleation operations, with a total number of 556 nerves dissected. Pre-and post-operative laryngoscopic examinations in the alert patient was conducted in all cases. After one year, 8% of the patients with abnormal post-operative laryngoscopic findings had not returned for follow-up. The known rate of recurrent nerve paralysis after one year was 0.7% of the nerves exposed, the maximum rate being 2% if patients not followed-up are included. These results confirm the value of systematic recurrent nerve dissection during thyroid surgery. PMID- 7217229 TI - [Menetrier's disease and gastric tumors (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe three patients with Menetrier's disease and cancer of the stomach. Menetrier's disease may be a precancerous condition of the association may be a coincidence, but it would still seem preferable to propose surgical treatment and "rather a total gastrectomy". Detecting early signs of cancer on fibroscopy is difficult in this disease because of the characteristic large hypertrophied mucosal folds. PMID- 7217230 TI - [Free omental autografts revascularized by microsurgery (author's transl)]. AB - The greater omentum is good plastic material and supplies richly vascularized connective tissue for transplants. Some superficial and deep lesions of the soft tissues require extensive excision, and in favorable cases it is possible to use the greater omentum pedicled as described by Kiricuta. Two such cases are reported. In other cases a free transplant of omentum revascularized by microsurgical methods has to be used. This procedure was employed in ten patients and allowed repair of lesions with wide or deep loss of tissue under excellent conditions. An intermediate saphenous graft was necessary in one case. A dermoepidermal graft was applied at the same time in order to obtain results more rapidly. Progress made in microsurgical techniques has allowed omentum revascularization to be carried out under much safer conditions and this procedure should be employed more frequently. PMID- 7217231 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the isthmic region with bowel ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - One case of traumatic rupture of the isthmic region of the aorta is reported. Acute ischemia of the inferior limbs, anuria and paraplegia have led to the diagnosis. During the first hours after the trauma bowel ischemia appeared. The repair of the aorta was achieved within the seven hours after the accident but the bowel ischemia stayed irreversible. A such complication has not been reported in the literature as long as we know and we are think that it is possible to range this complication among some of the ischemic enterocolitis. PMID- 7217232 TI - [A new principle of clamp (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217233 TI - [Acute pancreatitis from obstruction of Wirsung's canal by Taenia saginata (author's transl)]. AB - A case is reported of acute edematous pancreatitis due to obstruction of Wirsung's canal by Taenia saginata rings. The patients recovered after release of the obstruction by sphincterotomy followed by drainage of the biliary tract. PMID- 7217234 TI - [Shy-Drager syndrome and megaesophagus (author's transl)]. AB - Authors report the case of a Shy-Drager syndrome (idiopathic postural hypotension due to a central degenerative lesion) syndrome which evolution uncovered a megaesophagus. The knowledge of degenerative lesions of the vagus nerve in megaesophagus, the effectiveness of motory lesions of the esophagus in Parkinson's disease where lesions of the vagoglosso pharyngeal dorsal nucleus frequently occurs, allow to discuss the central nervous origin of the megaesophagus appeared in the reported case. PMID- 7217235 TI - [The hemostatic assistance after sub-total or total hepatectomy in the dog (author's transl)]. AB - After subtotal (90%) or total hepatectomy in the dog, coagulation disturbances appear early and exclude survival beyond 40 hours. These disturbances are the result of a fall in the synthesis of coagulation factors, but may also reflect a consumption syndrome. The ensuing clinical finding is an intravascular coagulation which can give way to fibrinolysis. A substitutive therapy aiming to replace the missing factors and avoid or prevent an eventual consumption thus appears necessary. The hemostatic disturbances after subtotal or total hepatectomy in the dog can be totally corrected by a substitutive therapy based on fresh frozen plasma. The first hepatic segment (caudate lobe) cannot insure by itself the coagulation functions during the first 4 post-op days. The hemostatic assistance is an other step towards the treatment of hepatic insufficiency. It must become an integral part of existing artificial liver support. PMID- 7217236 TI - [Duodenal ulcers. Vagotomy-antrectomy or vagotomy-pyloroplasty. Comparison after ten years (author's transl)]. AB - Follow-up results of two series of patients, one group of 50 vagotomy antrectomies and another of 100 vagotomy-pyloroplastie, were compared after an average of 2,5, and 10 years. Nutrition, the capacity for work, and resistance to fatigue were better after pyloroplasty. After antrectomy there is a progressive decrease in nutrition, body weight varying by 2.730 kg. Digestive discomfort occurs after pyloroplasty, however, and does not improve with time : about half of the patients complain of post-prandial heaviness. Anastomotic ulcers are observed in 6 p. cent of patients after pyloroplasty, and 4 p. cent after antrectomy. Relapses after pytoroplasty occur at an early stage and are mainly due to failure of the vagotomy ; in this series their level remained stable. Phytobezoar is an elective complication of pyloroplasty and was noted in 4 p. cent of cases. The need for repeat operations (4 p. cent of cases) was identical in both groups. PMID- 7217237 TI - [Problems and technical procedures of total pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma. Consequences of lymphadenectomy (author's transl)]. AB - In cancer recognized less than one month after first signs, frequently by pancreatography via fiberoptic endoscopy, in a young patient patient with no other major disease, total pancreatectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy must be proposed. Total splenopancreatoduodenectomy carried out from left to right provides the longest delay for the final section stages. Simultaneous study of lymph nodes enables one to estimate the survival to approximately two years in case of involvement and hopefully five, if they are intact. PMID- 7217238 TI - [Severe ulcerated forms of acute colitis with unknown etiology. Recovery after total colectomy. Study of 2 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on two cases of severe ulcerated forms of acute colitis, successfully treated by total colectomy. Laboratory and X-ray investigations, as well as pathological examination of the removed section did not provide a definite etiopathologic classification. They voice the hypothesis of an infectious involvement and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic problems evoked by these ulcerated forms of acute colitis. These are distinct from Crohn's disease and from ulcerative colitis. Their etiology remains unknown. PMID- 7217239 TI - [Post-traumatic pneumomediastinum (not associated with pleuro-mediastinical organ's lesion). Two cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors of this article describe two cases of post-traumatic pneumomediastinum, without pneumothorax and oesophageal or bronchial mucosal lesions. Both cases had a benign evolution. General considerations are discussed and the authors concluded that when pneumomediastinum is not associated with lesions of mediastinical organs no surgical treatment is usually required. PMID- 7217240 TI - [The trapped popliteal artery syndrome. About one bilateral case (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a new case of trapped popliteal artery syndrome. It was bilateral and revealed on one side by acute thrombotic ischemia, leading on this occasion to discovery of the opposite trap. They insist on the extremely easy diagnosis based on a dynamic examination of the limb. The distal pulses must be felt in intermediary position, then after tensing of the gastrocnemia by dorsiflexion of the foot and hyper extension of the knee. Blood velocity measurement by Doppler probes and bifemoralangiography, both dynamic, must precede imperative surgery. PMID- 7217241 TI - [Colo-anal intussusception of the adult. A new case (author's transl)]. AB - Report on a case of intestinal obstruction due to a sigmoido-rectal and afterwards anal intussusception of a malignant tumor : review of the literature. Colo-anal intussusception remain very rare as, since Lataste in 1975 related six cases, this one is unique. On the contrary seven new cases of colo-rectal intussusception have been reported. Diagnosis can be difficult. The variability of the mass revealed by successive examination and the intussusception pictures sometime provided by the barium enema may give the correct direction. In this case, treatment consists in the perineal resection of the sigmoid intussusception and its causal tumor followed by an end to end primary anastomosis with an iliac colostomy. This treatment seems to be more suitable for old and deficient people where carcinologic problem is not of first importance. PMID- 7217242 TI - [A new perineal approach to rectal tumors : anterior anorectotomy with section of the anal sphincter (author's transl)]. AB - After the conventional transanal approach and the posterior approach described by Kraske, the author proposes an anterior approach with section of the sphincter at the site of election, this being the anterior median line. This approach gives very good exposure and avoids the complications of the other techniques. PMID- 7217244 TI - Fluorimetric assay for ornithine decarboxylase by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A highly sensitive method for the assay of ornithine decarboxylase in sample solutions prepared from rat tissue homogenate is described which employs high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Putrescine formed from ornithine under the optimal conditions for the enzyme reaction is treated by Cellex P column chromatography for clean-up and converted into the fluorescamine derivative in the presence of cupric ion which inhibits the reaction of interfering amines with fluorescamine. The derivative is separated by reversed phase chromatography on LiChrosorb RP-18 with linear gradient elution. The lower limit of detection for putrescine formed enzymatically is 5 pmol. PMID- 7217243 TI - [Revascularization using the greater omentum. Results of an experimental study in dogs. Clinical perspectives (author's transl)]. AB - An experimental study was conducted in dogs to study the increase an vascular supply to an ischemic zone after transplantation of the greater omentum. The study design, applied in eleven dogs, is described, and the various technical details emphasized : staged vascular ligature of one paw, preparation of the omentum, and transplantation using microsurgical procedures. The circulatory deficiency, evaluated by comparison with the healthy or similarly ligatured opposite paw, is well-compensated by the omental transplant, and a new circulation is established. This is apparent on pathological examinations and arteriography. Isotopic angiography, by means of labelled erythrocytes, supplies proof that a vascular pool is effectively derived from the transplanted organ and that it reaches the distal region of the ischemic limb. The increase in blood supply obtained suggests the possibility of new clinical indications. Apart from omentoplasty, already widely used in plastic surgery, the omentum could perhaps also be effective in certain areas of cardiovascular surgery, especially in some cases of arteritis where the distal vascular bed is greatly reduced. Further experimental studies, such as these described, are necessary before using this technique in humans. PMID- 7217245 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic detection of pemoline in doping control. PMID- 7217246 TI - Separation of digitalis glycosides by micro high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7217247 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of amoxycillin in pharmaceutical dosage forms. PMID- 7217248 TI - Determination of clindamycin in pharmaceuticals by high-performance liquid chromatography using ion-pair formation. AB - A reversed-phase ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure with refractive index or UV 214 nm detection was developed for the separation of clindamycin, clindamycin B, and 7-epiclindamycin. The chromatographic retention behavior of these compounds on an octadecylsilane column was investigated as a function of pairing-ion, mobile phase composition, and pH. The method was applied to the determination of clindamycin in bulk drug and in a number of pharmaceutical formulations. The relative standard deviations for all assays was in the 0.5-2% range. PMID- 7217249 TI - New detection and separation method for amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A simple system for simultaneous fluorescence detection of primary and secondary amines has been developed. The optimum conditions for fluorescing secondary amines in the two-stage reaction technique using sodium hypochlorite and o phthalaldehyde have been studied, and then the switching flow method (sodium hypochlorite is added only to secondary amines) and the non-switching flow method (sodium hypochlorite is added to all the amino acids) have been compared. It was concluded that the non-switching flow method ensures high efficiency and reliability. This newly-developed system was applied to the detection of amino acids and gave satisfactory results. PMID- 7217250 TI - Separation of enantiomeric amines by ion-pair chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of optical isomers (enantiomers) of amines is described. It is based on ion-pair chromatography with a chiral counter ion in a system with an organic mobile phase and an adsorbing stationary phase. The method has been applied to enantiomers of 1-aryloxy-3-isopropylamine-2-propanol derivatives (alprenolol, metoprolol, propranolol) which are completely resolved with (+)-10-camphorsulphonate as the counter ion. Studies of the influence of the counter-ion structure and the mobile phase composition are presented. PMID- 7217251 TI - Direct resolution of alpha-amino acid enantiomers by ligand exchange: stereoselection mechanism on silica packings coated with a chiral polymer. AB - A chiral polymer easily obtained by treatment of a linear polyacrylamide with L proline was adsorbed on a silica support treatment of a linear polyacrylamide with L-proline. After complexation with copper(II), and in spite of a rather low efficiency due to slow ligand exchange, such packing are very convenient for the resolution of amino acid enantiomers eluted in water (relative retention, k'L/k'D, higher than 2 may be observed). Other eluents may also be used. The chiral polymer was studied in solution by potentiometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C relaxation measurement). A model of the complex involved in the stereoselection is proposed which accounts for the chromatographic results obtained. PMID- 7217252 TI - [Synthesis of glycosides. Direct high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of intermediate perbenzylated anomers (author's transl)]. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography has been used to determine the stereospecificity of the synthesis of alpha or beta glycosides. The protecting groups are benzylic ethers, therefore we have employed reversed-phase liquid chromatography to separate alpha and beta anomers. Some octadecyl supports have been compared, in order to optimize the separation for several glycosides. PMID- 7217254 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of bile pigments: application to the determination of unconjugated bilirubin in serum. AB - A rapid, sensitive and specific method for the determination of unconjugated bilirubin in serum is described. Reversed-phase chromatography on short-chain alkylsilica (C2) or octadecylsilica (C18) with acetonitrile--dimethylsulphoxide- water as eluent is used for the separation of bilirubin. The method is applied to the analysis of bilirubin in patients with disorders associated with jaundice. PMID- 7217253 TI - Separation of 5-alkyluracils and purine bases in hydrolysates of enzymatically synthesized nucleic acids by high-performance ion-pair liquid chromatography. AB - Reversed-phase and reversed-phase ion-pair chromatographic methods were used to determine 5-alkyluracils in the presence of purine bases (mainly adenine) in the hydrolysates of enzymatically synthesized DNA. The effect of ionic strength, pH, concentration of the ion-pairing agent and methanol on the selectivity between alkyluracils and purine bases was examined in order to simplify the routine work and to reduce the time necessary for analysis. Optimal conditions could be developed for the isocratic separation of the various mixtures obtained by hydrolysis of the products of enzymatic synthesis. PMID- 7217255 TI - Analytical aspects of barbiturate abuse: identification of drugs by the effective combination of gas-liquid, high-performance liquid and thin-layer chromatographic techniques. AB - Chromatographic retention data for a group of barbiturates have been measured on seven chromatographic systems (two gas--liquid chromatographic (GLC), three high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and two thin-layer chromatographic systems) and the value of these for barbiturate identification has been discussed. The overall correlations observed between pairs of systems are generally low; however, specific groups of barbiturates show very high correlations and this determines the approach to the selection of two or more systems to increase chromatographic discrimination of the barbiturate group. Column chromatographic techniques with lipophilic phases (GLC using SE-30, HPLC using ODS-silica) are most suitable for barbiturate identification. Changes of eluent pH in reversed-phase HPLC proved very effective for the separation of barbiturates with closely related structures. PMID- 7217256 TI - Retention data methods for the determination of drug-protein binding parameters by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The binding to human serum albumin of some drugs (warfarin, furosemide and phenylbutazone) has been studied by high-performance liquid chromatography. Two methods have been used and compared, based on the measurement of the ligand retention volume under different conditions. The obtained total affinities of the drugs for the protein are in accordance with our previous results. The equilibrium saturation method leads easily to ni and Ki parameters from the retention volume of the ligand. PMID- 7217257 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of cardiac glycosides. AB - Highly efficient, short columns have been prepared for the separation of mixtures of cardiac glycosides at relatively small pressure drops. The selectivities of silica adsorbents with different chemically modified surface layers for cardiac glycosides were determined. The influence of the structure of cardiac glycoside molecules on their retention characteristics in liquid chromatography was investigated. The relative number of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in the glycoside molecules as well as the configurations are very important for the separation. PMID- 7217258 TI - Determination of clomipramine or imipramine and their mono-demethylated metabolites in human blood or plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative assay of clomipramine or imipramine and their mono-demethylated metabolites in human blood or plasma is described. After addition of the internal standards, imipramine for clomipramine, desipramine for desmethylclomipramine and conversely, the compounds are extracted from blood or plasma at pH 10 into heptane containing 1% isoamyl alcohol; they are then back-extracted into an acidic aqueous phase and re extracted at a basic pH into heptane. After evaporation, the residue is dissolved in 300 microliters of mobile phase and 150 microliters is injected. Both drugs and their mono-demethylated metabolites are well separated from the blood or plasma components and the other metabolites on a silica gel column using ethanol- hexane-dichloromethane-diethylamine (30:62:8:5 . 10(-3)) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.5 ml/min. The limit of sensitivity is 5 ng/ml for clomipramine and imipramine and 10 ng/ml for the corresponding mono-demethylated metabolites. This method has been used to analyse plasma from subjects given therapeutic doses of clomipramine or imipramine. PMID- 7217259 TI - Quantitation of nikkomycins in biological fluids by ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. AB - In contrast to biological evaluation methods the use of high-performance liquid chromatography has allowed the quantitation of five nikkomycin components from the filtrate of the fermentation broth in which they are cultured. PMID- 7217260 TI - Reversed-phase liquid chromatography for the separation of chloropromazine, imipramine and some of their metabolites. AB - Reversed-phase liquid chromatography on a C18 bonded silica with water-alcohol mixtures containing decylamine as the mobile phase was investigated for its applicability to the separation of chlorpromazine, imipramine and their metabolites. The addition of decylamine to the mobile phase was found to be necessary in order to obtain symmetrical peaks. The influence of the decylamine and ethanol concentrations and of the pH of the mobile phase was investigated and these parameters were found to be useful for the adjustment of the retention. The phase system developed was found to be suitable for the required separation. The phase system was applied to the analysis of imipramine and its metabolites, desmethylimipramine and didesmethylimipramine, and desmethylchlorpromazine in human plasma. PMID- 7217261 TI - Determination of nifuroxazide in biological fluids by automated high-performance liquid chromatography with large-volume injection. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of nifuroxazide in plasma is described. The technique is based on the single extraction of the drug from buffered plasma with chloroform, using nifuratel as internal standard. The chromatographic system consisted of a 15 cm x 4.6 mm I.D. stainless-steel column packed with Spherisorb ODS, 5 micrometer, and the mobile phase was acetonitrile-orthophosphoric acid (pH 2.5) (30:70). The method was able to measure accurately plasma nifuroxazide concentrations down to 2 ng . ml-1 using 2 ml of sample with no interference from endogenous compounds. The coefficients of variation of the method at 200 and 2 ng . ml-1 were 3% and 15%, respectively, and the calibration graph was linear in this range. The use of automatic injection makes the method suitable for the routine analysis of large numbers of samples. PMID- 7217262 TI - Determination of vincamine in human plasma using automated high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A specific and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of vincamine at therapeutic concentrations in plasma is described. The column was packed with Spherisorb ODS 5 micrometer, and the mobile phase was acetonitrile-potassium phosphate (0.02 M, pH 2.3) (50:50) with a flow-rate of 10 ml/min. Detection was at 230 nm. Using automated large-volume injection of a non-eluting solvent (0.02 M potassium phosphate) the method was capable of the analysis of a large number of samples daily. The coefficient of variation of the procedure was 4.8% at a plasma vincamine concentration of 10 ng/ml PMID- 7217263 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of eburnane alkaloids. I. Separation on reversed phases. AB - Separation of eburnane alkaloids using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was investigated on muBondapak C18 in LiChrosorb RP-8 columns with acetonitrile-aqueous 0.01 M ammonium carbonate as eluent. The method can be successfully applied for the group separation of eburnane alkaloids as well as for the separation of stereoisomers and of ester homologues. PMID- 7217264 TI - Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of maprotiline and oxaprotiline in human plasma. AB - A procedure is described which permits the determination of maprotiline and oxaprotiline in human blood or plasma at therapeutic concentrations. The biological fluids are extracted with base and the extract is injected into a high performance liquid chromatograph. The substances are detected by a UV detector operating at 214 nm, amitriptyline being used as internal standard. Concentrations as low as 2 ng per sample can be measured. PMID- 7217265 TI - Rapid isothermal gas--liquid chromatographic determination of tricyclic antidepressants in serum with use of a nitrogen-selective detector. AB - A rapid and simple gas--liquid chromatographic method suitable for routine use is described for quantitation of tricyclic antidepressants. The method can be used for quantitation of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desmethylimipramine, doxepin, desmethyldoxepin, clomipramine, desmethylclomipramine, trimipramine, desmethyltrimipramine and dibenzepine. The method involves one extraction with hexane--isopropyl alcohol, no derivative formation of the metabolites and chromatography using an OV-25 liquid phase which permits isothermal quantitation of the different drugs within 5--10 min. Standard curves for the different tricyclic antidepressants were linear over the concentration range tested (10--1500 micrograms/l) and the maximum coefficient of variation was 7.7%. PMID- 7217266 TI - Improved separation of triglycerides at low temperatures by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic technique for the separation of triglycerides in natural mixtures is described. The influence of column temperature on separation is investigated, and a linear relationship between log k' and 1/T is demonstrated. Operating this reversed-phase technique with a LiChrosorb RP-18 packing at 14.5 degree C, separation of triglycerides with the same equivalent carbon numbers (ECN), but different degrees of saturation, is obtained. The composition of an eluent which permits separation of saturated triglycerides with carbon numbers as high as 54 (e.g., tristearin) is given. PMID- 7217267 TI - Preparation of sphingolipid fatty acid methyl esters for determination by gas liquid chromatography. AB - Sphingolipid fatty acids are first converted to a mixture of free acids and their n-butyl esters by heating the specimen at 85 degree C in aqueous butanolic hydrogen chloride; the butyl esters are then saponified with methanolic potassium hydroxide. After acidification and extraction into hexane, the fatty acids are extracted into a very small volume of aqueous trimethyl(m-trifluorotolyl)ammonium hydroxide (TMTFTH), injection of an aliquot of the TMTFTH extract into the gas chromatograph yields the fatty acid methyl esters by pyrolytic methylation of the quaternary ammonium salts of the fatty acids. The preparation of a specimen ready for the gas--liquid chromatographic (GLC) analysis with quantitative recovery of the sphingolipid fatty acids can be accomplished in less than 2 h. By comparison, none of a number of well-accepted techniques for the release of sphingomyelin fatty acids by hydrolysis or methanolysis released the fatty acids quantitatively in less than 3 h, and all required additional manipulations before GLC analysis. PMID- 7217268 TI - Response and linearity of different lipid compounds when analyzed by thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection. AB - The response an linearity were studied for about twenty different types of lipids in a quantitative thin-layer chromatographic system equipped with flame ionization detection (TLC-FID). For most compounds the response showed good linearity with loads from 0.4 to 15 micrograms. The relative response of cholesterol, sterol ester and wax ester in ratio to triglyceride was, however, found to depend on the concentration, and this should be taken into account in quantitative determinations. The relative response of different lipids varied from 0.6 for hydrocarbon to about 1.4 for cholesterol. The application of the TLC FID technique for skin lipid separations is illustrated. PMID- 7217270 TI - Single-ion monitoring of styrene in foods by coupled mass spectrometry-automatic headspace gas chromatography. PMID- 7217269 TI - Determination of barbiturates in mouse tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Procedures for determining barbiturates in mouse tissues were investigated. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with mixtures of water and methanol as the mobile phase and muBondapak C18 as the stationary phase is superior to gas and thin-layer chromatography with respect to ease of sample preparation, accuracy, sensitivity and time required for analysis. The first step in the analysis, the extraction of barbiturates from tissues, was also investigated and good recoveries were achieved. The time courses of barbiturate concentrations in mouse brain, kidneys and liver after oral administration of barbiturate-beta cyclodextrin complex to mice were determined by HPLC using UV detection at 210 nm. PMID- 7217271 TI - Separation and semi-quantitative determination of tetracycline degradation products in tetracycline hydrochloride powders and capsules by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 7217272 TI - Separation of phospholipids on chromarods. PMID- 7217273 TI - Development of a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for detection of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts. AB - A very sensitive method is described for the detection of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts. The method employs the extraction procedure used in the BF method (described in the Association of Official Analytical Chemists' Book of Methods) followed by an acid alumina column clean-up to remove sample components which would otherwise interfere in the final determinative step. The quantitation of the aflatoxins is carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 reversed-phase column after conversion of aflatoxins B1 and G1 to their more fluorescent derivatives, B2a and G2a. The limit of detection was found to be 0.5 microgram/kg. The chromatograms were found to be free of interfering peaks and multiple injections showed excellent reproducibility. PMID- 7217274 TI - Determination of opiates in biological samples by glass capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. AB - A gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of morphine, 6 acetylmorphine and codeine in human plasma or blood has been developed. The samples are buffered to pH 9 and extracted on silica columns, cleaned by extraction and finally acylated with pentafluoropropionic anhydride. The derivatives formed are separated on a glass capillary column with falling glass needle injection and electron-capture detection. The choice of the extraction conditions and the preparation of suitable capillary columns are discussed. PMID- 7217275 TI - Determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetics by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. PMID- 7217276 TI - Analysis of testolactone and its formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7217277 TI - Shortened purification procedure of a spleen-derived immunosuppressive peptide. PMID- 7217279 TI - Preadsorbent thin-layer chromatography. III. Direct detection of quinine in urine as a presumptive test for heroin. PMID- 7217278 TI - Potential errors in benzoylecgonine and cocaine analysis. PMID- 7217280 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of phospholipids. Separation of major phospholipid classes of milk without previous isolation from total lipid extracts. PMID- 7217281 TI - The use of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with radial compression for the analysis of peptide and protein mixtures. AB - This report describes the separation of peptide and protein mixtures on a C18- microparticulate support which was packed in a polyethylene cartridge and subjected to radial compression of ca. 2600 p.s.i. The purpose of the radial compression was to minimise inhomogeneities in the column packing, in particular in the region of the column wall and end fittings. The effectiveness of this new chromatographic system was demonstrated by the efficient separation of the following mixtures: the C-apolipoproteins isolated from human very low density lipoproteins; the polymorphs of apolipoprotein A-I; the tryptic fragments of apolipoprotein C-II; the complex mixture generated by partial proteolysis of apolipoprotein B; the tryptic fragments of 3H- and 14C-labelled beta-chain of murine IA alloantigen and the tryptic fragments of carboxymethylated lambda chain isolated from human immunoglobulin G. The separated peaks were identified by amino acid analysis, radioactivity counting and in the last example by amino acid sequence determination. The mobile phase consisted of 1% aqueous solution of triethylammonium phosphate, pH 3.2 with acetonitrile or isopropanol as the organic modifier. PMID- 7217283 TI - Use of triazine dyes in the affinity chromatographic purification of alkaline phosphatase from calf intestine. AB - Dye-ligand chromatography was examined as a method for the purification of alkaline phosphatase (EC.3.1.3.1). Forty six dye-Matrex Gels were assessed for their ability to bind alkaline phosphatase. Most dye adsorbents bound significant quantities of the enzyme. Three dye columns were examined in more detail for their selectivity using gradients of potassium chloride to desorb enzyme protein. Purification of alkaline phosphatase using Cibacron blue 3GA-Sepharose 6B chromatography was enhanced by using affinity elution. The best purifications (290-fold) were obtained using pulsed elution with the substrate alpha-naphthyl phosphate although the inhibitor, inorganic phosphate, was also useful (128-fold purification). PMID- 7217282 TI - Use of mixed-mode, high-performance liquid chromatography for the separation of peptide and protein mixtures. AB - The packing material recently introduced for use in a radial compression chamber, with a partially flexible cartridge, has a low C18-coating (5% w/s) combined with an absence of secondary capping. This report demonstrates that such a support, which contains significant concentrations of both free silanol and hydrocarbon groups, can allow a mixed-mode separation to occur via adsorption and reversed phase separation mechanisms. In any given separation, the predominant mechanism depends both on the nature of the sample and the mobile phase. For efficient peptide and protein separations, it was necessary to suppress most silanol group interactions by the use of a mobile phase which contained a high concentration of an amine phosphate, e.g., 0.17 M triethylammonium phosphate, pH 3.2. In addition, it was necessary to deactivate further the silanol groups by an initial column wash of at least 20 column volumes of methanol. Samples which contained strongly basic groups, for example the guanidino group of arginine, can still exhibit poor separation efficiencies on such a support. These problems were largely overcome, however, with the use of isopropanol as an organic modifier. If these precautions were followed, the packing material gave excellent selectivities in the separation of closely related materials, as well as allowing increased sample capacities. These observations will be supported by an examination of the chromatographic properties of a range of small peptides, the C-apolipoprotein mixture present in human very-low-density lipoproteins and the purification of an 8-mg sample of a synthetic pentadecapeptide in a single chromatographic run. PMID- 7217284 TI - Determination of nitrite in human, cow and market milks by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection. AB - A simple and practical method for the determination of very small amounts of nitrite in human, cow and market milks is described. It is based on the reaction of nitrate with 1-hydrazinophthalazine in acidic solution to form tetrazolophthalazine, a stable compound which can be extracted with an organic solvent and then determined by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection using a column of 3% OV-225 on Chromosorb W HP; the detection limit for nitrite was 2 ng/ml. The procedure for determining nitrite in milks involves extraction with solvent, followed by further clean-up by alumina column chromatography; the detection limit is about 4 ppb and recovery in human, cow and market milks was satisfactory. The method makes possible a micro-assay for nitrite. The tetrazolophthalazine was identified by its elemental composition, melting point and by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 7217286 TI - Oxygen doping of carrier gas in the determination of dichloromethane in liquid foodstuffs by headspace gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. PMID- 7217285 TI - Comparison of the sensitivity of various post-column methods for catecholamine analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7217287 TI - Detection of some local anesthetics in horse urine and plasma by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 7217288 TI - Characterization of interferences in the analysis of serum for DDT and its metabolites. PMID- 7217289 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of dityrosine in biological samples. PMID- 7217290 TI - Identification of some abnormal metabolites in psoriatic nail using gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. AB - A gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric analysis was used to separate and identify abnormal compounds in the nail of psoriatic patients. The nail was extracted with heated ethanol, and the extract was analyzed with and without trimethylsilylation. Tetradecanoic acid octadecyl ester, hexadecanoic acid octadecyl ester and octadecanoic acid octadecyl ester were first identified in the psoriatic nail, but were not detected in normal nail. PMID- 7217291 TI - A microliter method for the gas chromatographic determination of long-chain non esterified fatty acids in human serum or plasma. AB - Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) from C12 to C24 are assayed in human serum or plasma in a four-step procedure: extraction, volume reduction, methylation and gas chromatography. NEFA are extracted with chloroform--heptane--methanol from 50 -100 microliter of serum or plasma buffered with phosphate. After adding ethyl acetate the volume of the extract is reduced under partial reflux to 5--7 microliter. Potassium carbonate, methyl iodide and a crown ether are added to the dry concentrate and the NEFA are selectively methylated with a yield of 100% by heating in a microrefluxer for 10 min. Gas chromatography is carried out with 1 microliter of the reaction mixture on a packed column by temperature-programmed operation. Thirteen individual fatty acids are determined in sera of normal adults. The coefficients of variation for 24 determinations of a pooled serum were 2.7% for the total NEFA content and 3--10% for most of the individual NEFA. PMID- 7217292 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the simultaneous determination of the natural polyamines and their monoacetyl derivatives. AB - The separation of the natural polyamines and their monoacetyl derivatives by high performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography is reported. Octane sulfonate was used to form ion pairs with the polycations and acetylspermidine determinations directly from tissue extracts and body fluids without pre purification. PMID- 7217293 TI - Simultaneous determination of dopamine, DOPAC and homovanillic acid. Direct injection of supernatants from brain tissue homogenates in a liquid chromatography--electrochemical detection system. AB - A simple method based on high-performance liquid column chromatography with electro-chemical detection is described for the simultaneous determination of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in discrete brain regions of rats. The supernatant of a tissue homogenate is injected directly onto a liquid chromatograph, thus omitting the commonly adopted adsorption step. Of the four different supports tested Nucleosil C15 (5 micron) was found superior with respect to chromatographic performance. The effects of pH, methanol and the ion-pairing agent hexyl sulfate on the retention were studied. The mobile phase used in the final studies consisted of citrate buffer pH 4.25-methanol (92:8, v/v) containing hexyl sulfate (1.7 . 10(-3) M). Standard curves of dopamine, DOPAC and HVA were found linear up to about 600 pmol per injection for each compound. The precisions of the chromatographic step were (Srel. %): 0.72% (dopamine), 1.26% (DOPAC) and 2.69% (HVA). PMID- 7217294 TI - Novel post-column derivatization method for the fluorimetric determination of norepinephrine and epinephrine. AB - A novel method is described in which catecholamines are converted into fluorescent products by heating in alkaline borate buffer. The method was applied to the determination of norepinephrine and epinephrine after separation by high performance liquid chromatography using a pellicular, strong cation exchanger. The new system is simpler than the system based on the trihydroxyindole reaction. It is suitable for the measurement of catecholamines in the range of 0.25-20 ng. The assay of catecholamines in human urine is also described. PMID- 7217295 TI - High-performance aqueous gel permeation chromatography of human serum lipoproteins. AB - A new application of high-performance aqueous gel permeation chromatography was developed for the analysis of human serum lipoproteins. A good combination of columns (TSK GEL, type PW and type SW) was found for the separation of serum lipoproteins: very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and high density lipoproteins. Analyses of serum lipoproteins from individual normal subjects and pathological subjects were performed by this combination of columns. The effects of pH and salt concentration fo the eluent on the separation of lipoproteins were also investigated. PMID- 7217296 TI - Analysis of serum iron by gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of serum iron is reported. Serum iron extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone was converted to dibenzoylmethane chelate (molecular weight 725), and it was separated from excess dibenzoylmethane (molecular weight 224) by gel permeation chromatography. The chelate was determined by measuring ultraviolet absorption at 280 nm. Good reproducibility, recovery, and correlation with the conventional colorimetric method were observed. PMID- 7217297 TI - Isoelectric focusing studies on human pancreatic secretion. AB - Pure bile, pancreatic and duodenal human juices have been analyzed by isoelectric focusing, either at rest or upon stimulation with caerulein. In rats, stimulation has also been performed by secretin. Twenty bands have been resolved and quantified in the pancreatic secretion. By developing zymograms, a number of isozymes have been identified: 6 iso-amylases [pl's 7.2, 7.1 and 6.6 (major) and pl's 7.4, 6.7 and 5.8 (minor)], 3 lipases [pl's 7.0 and 6.8 (major) and 6.4 (minor)], two major alkaline proteases (pl's 9.8 and 8.4) and one major acidic protease (pl 4.3) and one band of RNAase activity (pl 8.6). The stimulation kinetics follow a mechanism according to Palade, indicating uniform response to secretogogues, parallel intracellular transport and parallel discharge of pancreatic exocrine proteins. PMID- 7217298 TI - Determination of ethambutol in plasma using selected ion monitoring. AB - The determination of ethambutol in plasma is described. Using ethambutol-d4 as an internal standard, ethambutol and the internal standard were extracted with chloroform under alkaline conditions, and converted into their trifluoroacetyl derivatives with trifluoroacetic anhydride in benzene-pyridine (4:1). Selected ion monitoring was carried out by monitoring the peaks at m/z 294 and 296 corresponding to the fragment ion [M/2]+ of the derivatives. Ethambutol was determined by use of the peak height ratio of the peak at m/z 294 against that at m/z 296. The method was utilized for studying the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the drug. PMID- 7217299 TI - Determination of phenelzine in human plasma with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using an isotope labeled internal standard. AB - A quantitative gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay was developed for the determination of phenelzine in human plasma. Phenelzine, in aqueous solution or in plasma reacts at room temperature with pentafluorobenzaldehyde to form quantitatively a hydrazone derivative. The derivative has good gas chromatographic characteristics. The assay utilizes selected ion monitoring in a gas chromatographic effluent, the molecular ion generated by electron impact ionization of phenelzine derivative. Phenelzine-d, was synthesized and used as an internal standard. The assay can measure 2 ng/ml of the drug with about 10% precision. The method was used for the determination of steady state levels of phenelzine in the plasma of patients taking a therapeutic dose of the drug. PMID- 7217300 TI - Analysis of procarbazine and metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Twelve compounds representing procarbazine, seven metabolites, and an internal standard were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on a 3% OV-1 column. Procarbazine and four metabolites were derivatized with acetic anhydride. A sensitive, specific and quantitative assay was established by selected ion monitoring using a synthetic analogue of the drug as an internal standard. The limits of detection were approximately 1 ng/ml of plasma while the limits of quantitation were 10 ng/ml of plasma. Studies of the degradation of procarbazine . HCl in 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) were compared to in vivo studies. At 1 h after incubation of procarbazine . HCl in buffer, the azo and aldehyde metabolites were detected in the highest concentrations representing 27.2% and 20.3% of total drug and metabolites. In the in vivo studies, analyses of rat plasmas indicated that 1 h after an oral dose of procarbazine . HCl, the aldehyde metabolite represented 72% of the total drug and metabolites, and that relatively little of the azo metabolite was present. PMID- 7217302 TI - Determination of bufuralol and its major metabolites in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of bufuralol, a benzofuran analogue, in plasma is described. The unchanged drug, the major metabolites and an internal standard are extracted from plasma, purified by back-extraction steps and thereafter separated using a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic system. The detection is carried out by means of a fluorescence detector and an UV detector connected in series. The sensitivity of the assay for the unchanged drug and the major metabolite is about 1 ng/ml plasma using a 0.5 ml specimen per analysis and the relative standard deviation of the whole assay lies in the range +/- 4-5%. The procedure was successfully used to determine plasma levels in volunteers following a single oral dose of 40 mg of bufuralol. The results obtained using the new high-performance liquid chromatographic method were compared with those determined by another method which combines gas chromatography with mass fragmentography, and it was found that these two sets of results coincided quite well. PMID- 7217301 TI - Gas chromatographic analysis of therapeutic concentrations of maprotiline in serum, using flame-ionization detection. AB - For the measurement of the tetracyclic antidepressant maprotiline in human serum, a gas chromatographic method with flame-ionization detection has been developed. The assay specifications obtained are as follows: a precision (C.V) of 3.5-6.4%, and a relative recovery of 97-109% using amitriptyline as internal standard. The sensitivity of the assay from serum was 40 nmol/l. The applicability of the method has been shown by measuring steady-state serum levels of five inpatients. The steady-state serum levels of maprotiline given at a daily dosage of 75 mg varied from 272 to 570 nmol/l. PMID- 7217303 TI - Quantitation of the anticonvulsant cinromide (3-bromo-N-ethylcinnamamide) and its major plasma metabolites by thin-layer chromatography. AB - A quantitative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) procedure is described for the analysis of cinromide (3-bromo-N-ethylcinnamamide) and its two major metabolites, 3-bromocinnamamide and 3-bromocinnamic acid in plasma of the dog. These compounds were recovered from acidified plasma by extraction into benzene with a recovery of 95 +/- 5%. All three compounds were quantitated directly on a TLC plate by ultraviolet absorbance densitometry at 270 nm. The linear dynamic range for the quantitation of the compounds on a TLC plate ranged between 10 and 1000 ng. The complete procedure is useful in the working range of 50 ng/ml to 100 microgram/ml of plasma with a coefficient of variability of about 10%. Specificity of the method for parent drug and each of its plasma metabolites was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography. The method was used to determine the pharmacokinetics of cinromide and its two major plasma metabolites in dogs following a single oral dose of the drug. PMID- 7217304 TI - Simultaneous measurement of sterol and fatty acid composition in small samples. PMID- 7217305 TI - High-performance pyrolysis-gas chromatography: potential for differentiating cystic fibrosis cells. PMID- 7217307 TI - Determination of pindolol in biological fluids by an electron-capture gas-liquid chromatographic method on a wall-coated open tubular column. PMID- 7217306 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of N-desmethyl-propyphenazone, a metabolite of propyphenazone, in human urine. PMID- 7217308 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of maprotiline and its N-desmethyl metabolite in human blood using nitrogen detection. PMID- 7217309 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of clonazepam. PMID- 7217310 TI - Gas chromatographic method for the determination of flumecinol in biological fluids. PMID- 7217311 TI - Analysis of procyclidine in human plasma and urine by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 7217312 TI - Rapid gas chromatographic method for emergency determination of paracetamol in human serum. PMID- 7217313 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of sulphathiazole in human plasma and urine. PMID- 7217314 TI - Determination of isoxepac in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7217315 TI - Determination of rat brain tissue catecholamines using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 7217317 TI - Carrier-ampholyte displacement chromatography (chromatofocusing) on ion-exchange papers. Application to the separation of haemoglobin variants. PMID- 7217316 TI - Amperometric determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol in human cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7217318 TI - Rapid gas chromatography method for the determination of carbamazepine and unrearranged carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in human plasma. PMID- 7217319 TI - Assay of prolintane in plasma by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen selective detection. PMID- 7217321 TI - Determination of cyclizine and norcyclizine in plasma and urine using gas--liquid chromatography with nitrogen selective detection. PMID- 7217320 TI - Fully automated high-performance liquid chromatography. A new chromatograph for pharmacokinetic drug monitoring by direct injection of body fluids. AB - A new fully automated high-performance liquid chromatography is described which detects drugs from directly injected plasma (urine, saliva) without sample pretreatment. The apparatus consists of a programmable automatic sampling unit, which is connected via two alternating working pre-columns to an analytical column ("alternating pre-column sample enrichment"). The new device is able to operate with directly injected body fluids like an auto-analyzer and is especially useful for pharmacokinetic and clinical studies, where drug concentrations have to be determined from plasma, urine or saliva. PMID- 7217322 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography determination of 4'-demethyl epipodophyllotoxin-9-(4,6-O-ethylidene beta-D-glucopyranoside) (VP 16-213) in human plasma. PMID- 7217323 TI - Liquid chromatography determination of an antineoplastic aziridinylbenzoquinone in human and murine serum. PMID- 7217324 TI - Method for rapid determination of urinary tetracycline by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7217325 TI - Rapid method for the high-performance liquid chromatography determination of bredinin in human serum. PMID- 7217326 TI - Isotachophoresis for the determination of oxalate in unprocessed urine. AB - The principle of isotachophoresis has been used to develop a simple, specific and sensitive analytical procedure for the determination of oxalate in unprocessed urine. Analytical conditions were optimized. The accuracy and precision of the method were estimated. The specificity was checked with oxalate decarboxylase. Separation of oxalate from a number of organic acids was achieved. The influence of factors such as storage, calcium concentration, pH or ionic strength was examined. The 24-h urine excretion rates for healthy children, healthy adults and for patients with idiopathic stone formation were established. Lower absolute excretion rates were found in children and females. Urinary oxalate/creatinine ratios were higher in children than in adults. The mean oxalate excretion in 24-h urines of adult healthy individuals was 413 +/- 150 mumol per 24 h per 1.73 m2 (range 195-732). The mean oxalate/creatinine ratio was 0.033 +/- 0.011 (range 0.018-0.065). PMID- 7217327 TI - Quantitative determination of tulobuterol and its metabolites in human urine by mass fragmentography. AB - A method is described for the simple and simultaneous determination of tulobuterol and its metabolites in human urine by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. Quantification was achieved by single-ion monitoring at m/e 86 derived from trimethylsilyl-tulobuterol and its metabolites using a column packed with a mixed phase, 2% OV-1--2% QF-1 (1 : 1, w/w). The detection limits were estimated to be 2 ng/ml in urine for tulobuterol and 5 ng/ml for metabolites, respectively. PMID- 7217328 TI - Determination of plasma and urine levels of a new anti-inflammatory agent, 4,5 bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxymethylsulfinyl)-imidazole, by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical or ultraviolet detection. AB - The determination of a new anti-inflammatory substance, 4,5-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl) 2-(2-hydroxyethylsulfinyl)-imidazole, in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Ultraviolet and electrochemical detection modes are compared and special consideration is given to the mechanism of the electrochemical reaction. The site of oxidation in the molecule seems to be an aliphatic hydroxyl group yielding a carboxyl function in a four-electron transfer reaction. Plasma levels and urinary excretion after an oral dose of 250 mg to two male volunteers have been measured. PMID- 7217329 TI - Determination of acetylmethadol and metabolites by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous determination of 1, alpha acetylmethadol (LAAM) and five active metabolites--noracetylmethadol, dinoracetylmethadol, methadol, normethadol, and dinormethadol--in biofluids by high-performance liquid chromatography using a normal-phase column and a UV detector at 218 nm. The compounds are recovered from biofluids by a multistep liquid--liquid extraction. The mobile phase is methanol--acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) containing 0.015% ammonium hydroxide as the modifier. Retention times can be varied by adjusting the composition of the mobile phase to maximize peak height for quantitation using l-propranolol as the internal standard or peak separation for the collection of fractions. Using a UV detector the lower limit of sensitivity is 10 ng/ml of biofluid. Using fraction collection of radiolabeled drug and metabolites followed by liquid scintillation counting the lower limit of sensitivity is 1.0 ng/ml. Commonly used or abused narcotics including morphine, heroin, meperidine, methadone and propoxyphene do not interfere with the analysis. The method has been applied to plasma and urine samples from humans, sheep and rats. Extracts of urine from patients receiving maintenance treatment with LAAM contain LAAM and each of the five active metabolites. PMID- 7217330 TI - Determination of diazepam and its major metabolites in man and in the cat by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed for the determination of diazepam, and its major metabolites, oxazepam, temazepam and nordiazepam in plasma, blood, and urine of humans and cats. The assay for the compounds involves extraction into benzene--methylene chloride (90:10) from plasma, blood or urine buffered to pH 9.0. In both species the overall recovery of diazepam and its major metabolites from plasma or blood ranged from 60 +/- 3.2 to 89 +/- 13% (S.D.) and for urine from 79 +/- 7.9 to 93 +/- 10.5% (S.D.). The sensitivity limit of the assay using UV detection at 254 nm was 50 ng/ml of plasma and blood in both species except for human urine (post Glusulase) which was 200 ng/ml. The HPLC assay was used to monitor the plasma concentration--time profile in humans following a 10-mg oral dose of diazepam and the blood concentration time profile of diazepam and nordiazepam in cats following a 10 mg/kg intravenous dose of either diazepam or nordiazepam. The HPLC assay data correlated well with data generated by an electron-capture--gas- liquid chromatography assay. PMID- 7217331 TI - Clostridium difficile in relation to enteric bacterial pathogens. AB - All feces samples (n = 2,390) sent to the Bacteriological Laboratory, Goteborg, Sweden over 43 days were, in addition to the standard procedure, cultivated to detect Clostridium difficile by using a special selective medium. C. difficile was found in 81 of the 2,390 samples (3%). These 81 samples represented 56 patients. Fifty of the 56 patients had diarrhea. In 20 of the 56 patients (36%), Salmonella, Campylobacter, or Yersinia were also found. Of the 2,390 samples 252 (11%) from 132 patients revealed positive isolations of Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, or Yersinia in comparison to 3% for C. difficile alone. This result suggests that C. difficile can easily be isolated with proper techniques. Concomitant isolations of more than one bacterial pathogen in cases of gastroenteritis were often found for C. difficile. The theory presented here is that any change of the normal bacterial fecal flora due to such causes as antimicrobial treatment or enteric infections like Salmonella increases the possibilities of isolating C. difficile. The causative significance of C. difficile might in most cases be doubtful. The majority of cases with diarrhea and C. difficile were self-healing and not severe. Only 2 cases of 56 had severe diarrhea with extended engagement of the colonic mucous membrane, but with no signs of pseudomembranes. PMID- 7217332 TI - Evaluation of Urea-motility-indole medium for recognition and differentiation of Salmonella and Shigella species in stool cultures. AB - A semisolid urea-motility-indole medium designed for detection in Enterobacteriaceae of urease activity, motility, and indole production in one tube was prepared and evaluated. The formulation of the medium was similar to that of Christensen urea agar, but the agar concentration was 0.2%, and 1% tryptone was added. Results with 687 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were the same as those obtained with standard test media (98% overall agreement). The urea motility-indole medium was also used in combination with Kligler iron agar for the recognition and differentiation of Salmonella and Shigella species from colonies picked from plating media in fecal cultures. This combination was compared with the combination of Kligler iron agar and lysine iron agar with 507 strains of non-lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae. Although both combinations enabled the presumptive recognition and differentiation of Salmonella and Shigella species, an analysis of data indicated that the combination of Kligler iron agar and urea-motility-indole medium performed better than the combination of Kligler iron agar and lysine iron agar in detecting Salmonella and Shigella species. PMID- 7217333 TI - Isolation of Actinobacillus lignieresii and Actinobacillus equuli from laboratory rodents. AB - Actinobacillus lignieresii and Actinobacillus equuli were cultured from a total of 36 guinea pigs, rats, and mice. The organisms were isolated from the oropharynx, the conjunctiva, and middle ear. Isolates were initially screened by eight biochemical tests to determine whether they were of the genus Actinobacillus. Actinobacillus spp. were then differentiated by fermentation reactions of nine carbohydrates. In the past, actinobacilli may have been mistakenly identified as Pasteurella spp., especially Pasteurella pneumotropica. The importance of realizing that Actinobacillus spp. are frequently isolated from laboratory rodents was stressed. PMID- 7217334 TI - Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni from migratory waterfowl. AB - Since the sources from which humans acquire Campylobacter enteritis are only partially known, we studied the frequency of carriage of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in migratory waterfowl. Cecal contents of various species of wild ducks were cultured on selective media that contained antibiotics to inhibit normal flora. Thirty-five percent of the 445 ducks cultured harbored C. fetus subsp. jejuni. Migratory waterfowl are yet another reservoir for this enteric pathogen and may be of public health importance for humans in the contamination of water or when used as food. PMID- 7217335 TI - Quantitative aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of infected diabetic feet. AB - Quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures of deep tissue were performed on amputated infected lower limbs of 13 diabetic patients immediately after surgery. Dissection was made through intact skin distant from any preexisting ulcer. The results were compared with those obtained from: (i) ulcer swabs (pre- and postamputation), (iii) curettage of the ulcer base, and (iii) needle aspiration after normal saline injection. Anaerobic transport media were used for anaerobic cultures before prompt transfer to the anaerobic chamber. A mean of 4.7 bacterial species per specimen was seen (2.3 aerobes, 2.4 anaerobes). Mean log10 growth per gram of tissue was as follows: (i) aerobes plus anaerobes = 6.99, (ii) aerobes = 6.42, and (iii) anaerobes = 7.65. There was poor concordance between the deep tissue culture results and the results from other modalities of culture collection, though the results from other modalities of culture collection, though the results from curettage and saline aspiration were slightly better than those obtained from ulcer swabs. The most frequently isolated organisms were enterococci, anaerobic streptococci, and species of Proteus, Clostridium, and Bacteroides. When anti-microbial therapy is indicated for this patient population, the possibility of the concomitant presence of aerobes as well as anaerobes should be considered. PMID- 7217336 TI - Separation of immunoglobulin M (IgM) essentially free of IgG from serum for use in systems requiring assay of IgM-type antibodies without interference from rheumatoid factor. AB - The proposed method was designed to replace the tedious and difficult separation of immunoglobulin M (IgM) from IgG by sucrose gradient sedimentation. In this method, a 250-microliter portion of serum diluted 20-fold was passed through a small column of quaternary aminoethyl-Sephadex A-50 ion exchanger. IgG was not retained, but additional washes were required to remove all but 5%. A second buffer-eluting fluid recovered an average of 80% of the original IgM in a defined dilution. The entire operation took 15 min. The efficiency of this process was evaluated by the following: (i) radial immunodiffusion measurements of IgG and IgM; (ii) recovery studies of isohemagglutinins; and (iii) demonstrated removal of interference by the rheumatoid factor. The method was applied successfully to distinguish rubella IgM antibody. PMID- 7217337 TI - Ecological distribution of Fusarium solani and its opportunistic action related to mycotic keratitis in Cali, Colombia. AB - Corneal ulcera in patients treated at the University Hospital Cali, Colombia have been attributed to the fungus Fusarium solani, which was isolated from patients' eyes by deep scraping. The fungus, which was characterized by culture and morphology, was found to grow well at 37 degrees C in Sabouraud and potato dextrose agars and in liquid asparagine medium, in which it produced very few spores; at 40 degrees C, it survived for 3 weeks. Different levels of pathogenicity were shown by the fungus when 3-week-old bean, corn, and tomato plants were inoculated. Controlled experiments in which an inoculum of F. solani was instilled in rabbit eyes were also carried out; it evoked a clinical reaction producing irritation and erythema. The F. solani isolated from eyes was the same species as that isolated by an agar plate method with Fusarium-selective medium from sugar cane, bean, tomato, or corn fields throughout December 1976 to November 1977. Nonfarming areas and urban sites were also air sampled, but only a few (less than 1%) colonies of F. solani were isolated at one of four sites. A preliminary attempt to identify the physiologically active substance of the fungus was carried out through chemical extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and ultraviolet and infrared spectra analysis. PMID- 7217338 TI - Enriched brucella medium for storage and transport of cultures of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. AB - A semisolid brucella medium with 10% sheep blood was used for storage and transport of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni and subsp. intestinalis and kept isolated alive about 3 weeks or longer at 25 degrees C or when sent through the regular mail. PMID- 7217339 TI - Nonnarcotic antidiarrheal action of clonidine and lofexidine in the rat. AB - Clonidine (0.01 to 0.16 mg/kg) and lofexidine (0.01 to 0.64 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of diarrhea induced by castor oil treatment in the rat. Both drugs were more potent and longer acting than diphenoxylate. Pre- and posttreatment with naloxone (5 mg/kg) failed to prevent or antagonize the antidiarrheal effect of clonidine and lofexidine. These data suggest that clonidine and lofexidine may provide potent antidiarrheal activity of a nonnarcotic nature. PMID- 7217340 TI - Factors influencing procainamide total body clearance in the immediate postmyocardial infarction period. AB - Fifteen acute myocardial infarction patients (only one of whom had evidence of significant renal dysfunction) received a constant-rate intravenous infusion of procainamide at one rate for a least 24 hours. Steady-state plasma levels achieved during these infusions were used to calculate total body clearance (C/B). Linear regression analysis of C/B versus a variety of clinical and laboratory patient characteristics yielded only body weight (or parameters derived from it) as a significant covariant (r = 0.713, P less than or equal to 0.005). Interestingly, the data from these 15 patients suggest that the presence of a significant degree of heart failure at the start of therapy did not result in a significant decrease in C/B (C/B = 5.9 ml/min/kg when class 0-I failure was present at the start of therapy and C/B = 5.5 ml/min/kg when class III-IV failure was present). If the data from five other patients who were studied previously are added to the group reported here, the conclusions reached would be the same. These data suggest that in patients with good renal and hepatic function, initial procainamide infusion rate could be selected on the basis of body weight and need not consider the initial presence of moderate heart failure. However, intense clinical monitoring for signs of impeding serious toxicity is strongly recommended since the observed regression line did not predict total body clearance accurately in 10-15 per cent of the patients studied. PMID- 7217342 TI - A comparison of dopamine receptor blocking assay with plasma drug levels of haloperidol in schizophrenic patients. AB - A comparison of a chemical analytic technique (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) with that of the dopamine receptor blocking assay in a study involving seven schizophrenic patients being administered a fixed dosage of haloperidol (20 mg) demonstrated a high degree of correspondence in the quantification of the plasma levels of the neuroleptic. PMID- 7217341 TI - Growth hormone release in hypertensive adolescents treated with clonidine. AB - The release of the growth hormone in the basal state and in response to strenuous exercise was studied in a group of 15 hypertensive adolescents receiving clonidine therapy and in a control group of 17 untreated adolescents of which ten were hypertensive volunteers and seven were health normotensive volunteers. Mean basal growth hormone in clonidine-treated adolescents was 2.8 +/- 0.50 S.E.M. ng/ml, compared to 2.7 +/- 0.48 ng/ml in untreated adolescents. Following exercise stimulation, mean growth hormone was 14.8 +/- 3..1 S.E.M. ng/ml in the treated group and 13.5 +/- 2.8 ng/ml in the untreated group. Growth hormone release is regulated by alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Clonidine acts centrally by alpha-adrenergic stimulation. However, this study demonstrates no effect of chronic clonidine therapy on growth hormone release. PMID- 7217343 TI - Synergistic effects of probucol and cholestyramine to lower serum cholesterol. AB - Ten men with hypercholesterolemia were treated sequentially with a fat-modified diet, a diet plus probucol (1 Gm/day), and a diet plus probucol plus cholestyramine (16 Gm/day). Each treatment period was 12 weeks. Diet alone reduced mean serum cholesterol by 1.0 per cent. Diet plus probucol caused a mean 7.7 per cent reduction in serum cholesterol below the baseline values (P = 0.001 compared to diet). Adding cholestyramine to probucol and diet resulted in a mean 18.2 per cent reduction in serum cholesterol below baseline values (P = 0.001 compared to probucol and diet). The treatment was well tolerated. PMID- 7217344 TI - Cortisol measurements in patients receiving oral corticosteroid replacement treatment. AB - Eight women receiving corticosteroid replacement in the form of 50 mg cortisone acetate or 40 or 50 mg cortisol orally daily were studied. The cortisol "urinary productions rate" and "blood production rate" measurements suggested that the steroid was rapidly metabolized in the gut or in the first passage through the liver. The 24-hour mean plasma cortisol concentration obtained from blood samples drawn every 20 minutes over a 24-hour period and the "blood production rate" were close to the values in normal women. However, since the normal 24-hour plasma cortisol concentration profile could not easily be reproduced and this may be relevant for optimal physiologic function, the patient's clinical status will continue to be the main guide to the choice of the appropriate replacement dose. PMID- 7217346 TI - Reaching the public: the asbestos awareness campaign. PMID- 7217345 TI - Biomedical innovation and the press. PMID- 7217347 TI - Contiguity versus similarity paraphasic substitutions in Broca's and in Wernicke's aphasia. AB - The present research was carried out to determine whether Jakobson's claim that Broca's aphasic patients emit chiefly semantic paraphasias of the similarity type, whereas Wernicke's aphasic patients produce mainly paraphasic substitutions of the contiguity type, can be supported by data gathered for clinical purposes under controlled conditions. Semantic paraphasias produced by 96 aphasic patients on a standard test of visual naming were taken into account. Three independent judges, blind to aphasia type, classified all responses retained as semantic substitutions into one of the following four categories: those having 1) a strong similarity, 2) a strong contiguity, 3) a mild similarity, and 4) a mild contiguity relation to the correct word. No relationship was found between type of semantic paraphasias and clinical form of aphasia. Furthermore, irrespective of the clinical form of aphasia, aphasics tend to give more similarity substitutions than contiguity substitutions. PMID- 7217348 TI - The nondeviant nature of deviant phonological systems. AB - Few studies of children with defective speech or deviant phonologies have gone beyond the level of phonetic representation in limited environments. The Lorentz (1976) study of Joe, a 4.5-yr-old child with a phonological disorder, is exceptional inasmuch as underlying phonemic representations and phonological rules are posited in addition to the surface phonetic representations. However, his analysis crucially depends on morphosyntactic information that cannot be independently justified. A reanalysis of Joe's data within Kahn's (1976) syllable based model of generative phonology reveals that the child's phonological rules are syllabically conditioned exclusively. In particular, the application of certain rules is found to depend on whether or not an internal syllable boundary is present within a polysyllabic word. In the course of the reanalysis, issues concerning naturalness of individual phonological rules, ordering relations between pairs of rules, feature systems, the phonological representation of double-articulated consonants, and the role of the syllable as element in phonological descriptions are discussed. Paradoxically, Joe's phonological system is found to be "normal," as measured in terms of the above-mentioned linguistic parameters, yet his speech output is "abnormal," as measured against the adult norm. PMID- 7217349 TI - Feasibility of using computerized tomography in diagnosing nasopharyngeal closure. AB - The feasibility of using computerized tomography for diagnosing nasopharyngeal anatomy and physiology was investigated. Ten adult subjects with normal communication were assessed with an Ohio-Nuclear Delta Scan 2020 Whole Body Computed Tomographic Scanner at two different levels of the nasopharynx during rest and production of /u/ and /s/. Lateral and anterior-posterior dimensions of the pharynx were simultaneously x-rayed and computed for each subject and condition. Computerized tomography appears to be useful in directly mapping the nasopharynx and in providing precise three-dimensional configurations without using a contrast medium. PMID- 7217350 TI - Hysterical high pitch in an adult female: a case study. AB - A case study of an adult female with hysterical high pitch is presented. A variation of the pushing approach was utilized to aid in establishing an appropriate pitch level and to prove to the patient that she was able to speak at her customary (normal) pitch level. Hysterical high pitch is presented as one of several disorders belonging to the larger classification of vocal conversion reactions. PMID- 7217351 TI - Oral form identification as a measure of cortical sensory dysfunction in apraxia of speech and aphasia. AB - Oral form identification scores were obtained for nine anterior and nine posterior left-hemisphere brain lesion subjects exhibiting speech apraxic behavior and aphasia. An objective measure of speech apraxic difficulty and a standardized aphasia assessment were obtained for each subject. Despite the traditional association of a cortical sensory deficit including asterognosis in posterior brain-injured patients, oral form identification scores did not differ significantly for the two subject groups. However, a previously reported heterogeneity of performance was observed in the present data. The oral form identification deficit was unrelated to the severity of apraxia but exhibited its highest correlation value with a task of linguistic symbol discrimination. Results were interpreted to suggest that oral form identification deficits are most probably not causally related to motor speech programming problems nor should such deficits in this population be viewed as a valid indicator of cortical sensory dysfunction. PMID- 7217353 TI - Descending projections from the spinal and mesencephalic nuclei of the trigeminal nerve to the spinal cord in the cat. A study with the horseradish peroxidase technique. AB - Descending projections from the spinal (Vsp) and the mesencephalic nuclei (Vme) of the trigeminal nerve to the spinal cord were studied by means of the retrograde horseradish peroxidase technique in the cat. The number of labeled neurons was largest in the case of high cervical injections and decreased as the injections were placed caudally. Small laminae III and IV neurons of the nucleus caudalis (Vc) were labeled ipsilaterally following injections placed as caudally as the middle cervical segments (C4-C5). Lamina I (marginal) neurons of the Vc were labeled ipsilaterally after injections at the middle thoracic level (T6) but those of C1 were labeled after lumbar injections (L3). Lamina V neurons of C1 and the medullary counterparts were labeled bilaterally after injections placed caudally to thoracic segments. A few small neurons were labeled in the ipsilateral nucleus interpolaris (Vi) after injections placed as caudally as the middle cervical segments (C6). Among the subdivisions of the Vsp, the labeled neurons were most numerous in the nucleus oralis (Vo). They were medium-sized and large, and appeared bilaterally, with an ipsilateral predominance at the level of the superior olive. The great majority projected to the cervical segments but a few also projected to the lower cervical to the thoracic segments (C8-T9). Neurons of the Vme projected ipsilaterally to the upper cervical segments (C1 C3). No projections were found from the principal sensory nucleus. The present study suggests that the trigeminospinal projections of the Vsp and the Vme are composed of various cells of origin and thereby subserve not only the trigeminospinal reflex but other unknown functions. PMID- 7217352 TI - Identification of normal and abnormally rough vowels by spectral noise level measurements. AB - Our goal in this study was to learn whether vowel spectral noise level (SNL) measurements might differentiate between normal and abnormally rough test vowel samples. The vowel samples studied were obtained originally for two previous investigations. In one study, 20 normal-speaking subjects phonated in isolation each of five test vowels both normally and with simulated abnormal vocal roughness. In the other, 20 subjects who individually presented a laryngeal pathology phonated each of the same test vowels in isolation. The 300 test samples available from the two studies were obtained at one intensity and mouth to-microphone distance (75 dB SPL at 15 cm). From the original studies, narrow band (3-Hz) acoustic spectra of the vowel samples and SNL measurements were available. For this study, a mean of 25 noise level measurements per vowel sample served as an SNL index for each test production. Additionally, for this study, the test samples were individually classified dichotomously as normal or as abnormally rough in quality by a panel of nine listeners. Data analysis resulted in the identification of an SNL mean value (termed the SNL "criterion") that appeared to differentiate effectively between the perceptually normal and abnormally rough samples of each test vowel. In general, the findings appeared to support the hypothesis that vowel SNL measurements could be used to identify normal and abnormally rough vowel samples. PMID- 7217355 TI - The topography of primate retina: a study of the human, bushbaby, and new- and old-world monkeys. AB - The distribution of ganglion cells has been studied in the retinas of four primates: the prosimian bushbaby, the New-World squirrel monkey, the Old-World crab-eating cynamolgous monkey, and the human. The sizes of ganglion cell somas were also measured at a number of retinal locations and compared with similar measurements in the cat retina to test for the presence in primates of retinal specializations such as the visual streak, and for gradients in retinal structure, such as that between temporal and nasal retina. In all four primates, ganglion cell somas in peripheral retina ranged considerably in diameter (6-16 micrometer in the bushbaby, 8-22 micrometer in the squirrel monkey, 8-23 micrometer in the cynamolgous monkey, 8-26 micrometer in the human). It seems likely that the strong physiological correlates of soma size which have been described among cat retinal ganglion cells and among the relay cells of the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus are generally present in primates. In all four primates, evidence was also obtained of a visual streak specialization; the isodensity lines in ganglion cell density maps were horizontally elongated, and small-bodied ganglion cells were relatively more common in the region of the proposed streak than in other areas of peripheral retina. However, the visual streak seems less well developed than in the cat; among the four primate species examined it was best developed in the bushbaby, at least as assessed by the shape of the isodensity lines. All four primates showed a clear foveal specialization, but this feature seemed least developed in the bushbaby. At the fovea, ganglion cells are smaller in soma size than in peripheral retina; they also seemed more uniform in size, although some distinctly larger cells persist in the human and bushbaby. Soma size measurements also provided evidence of a difference between nasal and temporal areas of peripheral retina comparable to that reported for the cat and other species. Thus the primate retinas examined show features, such as the foveal specialization, which seem unique to them among mammals. They also show features, such as nasal-temporal differences in ganglion cell size, and (though weakly developed) a visual streak, which they have in common with other mammals with widely different phylogenetic histories. PMID- 7217354 TI - Anomalous uncrossed retinal projections fail to activate superior colliculus neurons in rabbits unilaterally enucleated by fetal surgery. AB - Previous studies have shown that unilateral enucleation of rabbit pups produces an aberrant uncrossed retinotectal projection. These fibers failed to drive collicular units when stimulated with either light or electric shock. The present study attempts to assess the possibility that enucleation at earlier stages of development would lead to a greater degree of morphological and physiological reorganization in the uncrossed retinotectal projection. Rabbit fetuses were unilaterally enucleated at day 20 or 25 of gestation. Birth is at day 31. After 3 months, the degree of reorganization of the uncrossed retinotectal projection was assessed using the following techniques: (1) autoradiographic demonstration of the projection from the remaining eye, (2) electrophysiological recording of collicular unit activity, and (3) a combination of these methods. Autoradiographic data indicated a much greater expansion of the anomalous uncrossed projection in fetally enucleated animals than in those enucleated at birth. Labelled terminals were found to occupy more than the anterior third of the ipsilateral colliculus and were distributed to the entire depth of the stratum griseum superficiale and stratum opticum. Electrode penetrations within the boundaries of the expanded projection failed to locate collicular units which could be driven by either light stimulation of the eye or electric shock of the optic nerve. Only a few cells encountered in the lateral border area, receiving the normal uncrossed retinal projection, could be driven by light stimulation. These negative findings are in contrast to the data reported for the rat and hamster where anomalous retinal projections are capable of forming functional connections. Further comparative studies of reorganization are needed. PMID- 7217356 TI - Regional specialization in retinal ganglion cell projection to optic tectum of Dipsosaurus dorsalis (Iguanidae). AB - Regional variation in the composition of the ganglion cell layer is a characteristic feature of vertebrate retinas. This suggests that corresponding patterns of regional variation might be expected in CNS structures which receive a direct, topographic projection from the retina. To investigate this possibility, I studied the retinotectal projection in an iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis), which shows a marked degree of regional variation in its retinal ganglion cell layer. Results of these experiments indicate that in D. dorsalis the optic tectum is differentiated horizontally into five regions which can be distinguished on the basis of cytoarchitecture and the patterning of retinal afferents, as visualized with silver degeneration and autoradiographic tracing techniques. These five areas are named according to their location: 1) Ventral Rim, 2) Lateral Wall, 3)Dorsolateral Area, 4) Dorsal Wall and 5) Medial Rim. Following enucleation, the Medial and Ventral Rim are characterized by fascicles of coarse degenerated fibers in layers 13, 12, and 9, by a relative absence of fine particulate debris in reduced silver material, and by the absence of silver grains in autoradiographs following intraocular injections of tritiated proline. They differ in the density of large calibre fibers and in the temporal course of degeneration. In the Lateral Wall the cellular layers are best differentiated, and nine retino-recipient layers can be distinguished below the stratum opticum. Degeneration is particularly heavy over the plexiform layers 9, 11, and 13. There is a superficial to deep gradient of degeneration density and of silver grains within layers 13 and 11. In the lower half of layer 11, argyrophilic debris and silver grains are aligned in vertical columns. The Dorsolateral Area is a circular region which covers the dorsolateral convexity of the tectum just caudal to mid tectal levels. It is characterized by a relatively low density of degenerated fibers in layers 13, 12, and especially in layer 9. Finally, the Dorsal Wall is similar to the Lateral Wall in the laminar distribution of degeneration and silver grains, except that there is an additional band of fine debris over layers 12 and 13 which is not visible in the Lateral Wall. Rostrally, the Dorsal Wall is greatly expanded (the Dorsal Expansion) and in this region a well developed plate of neurons lies immediately subjacent to the stratum opticum. This is the only tectal area which shows substantial degeneration at short survival times. These data suggest that in D. dorsalis there is horizontal variation in the morphology and patterning of retinal ganglion cell axons to the superficial tectal layers. Since Dipsosaurus retina exhibits a substantial degree of regional variation in the ganglion cell layer, and since the retina projects topographically onto the tectum, it is suggested that regional variation in the optic tectum may reflect regional variation in the ganglion cell layer of the retina. PMID- 7217357 TI - Afferent connections of the interpeduncular nucleus and the topographic organization of the habenulo-interpeduncular pathway: an HRP study in the rat. AB - The HRP tracing method was employed to investigate the organization and afferent connections of the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) in the rat. To study the topographical features of the different projections, a method was devised for obtaining HRP placements of limited size in different areas of the IPN. The main afferent connection of the IPN is a topographically organized projection from the medial habenula (Hb). This projection follows a reversed caudorostral pattern, terminating throughout all but the caudalmost part of the IPN. The dorsal part of the IPN receives a sparse innervation arising mainly from a narrow lateral and ventrolateral area of the medial Hb. The ventral two thirds of the IPN receives a much heavier projection, as follows: A large ventrolateral area of the medial Hb projects to the lateral part of the IPN in a completely bilateral way. An additional projection, which is predominantly ipsilateral, arises from the rostral half of the dorsolateral part of the medial Hb and terminates in the caudal IPN. The medial part of the medial Hb projects preferentially to central areas of the IPN. The projection from the lateral Hb is quantitatively much smaller but appears to be distributed to the entire length of the IPN, following a nonreversed caudorostral arrangement, with the ipsilateral projection predominating. The projections from the medial and lateral Hb to the IPN were confirmed by tracing anterogradely transported HRP as well. No reciprocal connection from the IPN to the Hb could be demonstrated. A sparse projection to the IPN with a strong ipsilateral predominance arises from the horizontal limbs of the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca. This was the only projection observed from the septal region. Sparse projections from the premammillary and supramammillary nuclei were also demonstrated. Confirmatory data and some details of organization were also obtained for projections to the IPN from other areas, including the medial and dorsal raphe nuclei, the dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden, and the adjacent dorsolateral tegmental nucleus. Very small projections from the ventral tegmental nucleus and the locus coeruleus were also found. PMID- 7217358 TI - The genesis of efferent connections from the visual cortex of the fetal rhesus monkey. AB - The prenatal development of the cortical projections to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), superior colliculus (SC) and pulvinar was studied by autoradiography of orthogradely transported 3H-proline injected into the occipital cortex of fetal rhesus monkeys aged from embryonic day 63 (E63) to E95. Differentiation of pyramidal neurons situated in the infragranular strata of the cortical plate (prospective layers 5 and 6, which give rise to these efferent projections) was also examined in Golgi preparations prepared from specimens of corresponding embryonic ages. In autoradiographs of the E63 fetus, no radioactive label was seen in subcortical structures. In two specimens injected around E70, label was present in the prospective magnocellular layers of the LGN and within the immediately surrounding cell-poor zones. At these young fetal ages, the presence of topographic order in the corticogeniculate projection could not be determined due to the large size of the injection sites relative to the small cerebral vesicles. By E84 the portion of the prospective parvocellular layers adjacent to the white matter also contained label which was characteristically wedge-shaped and appropriately located with respect to the site of the cortical injection, suggesting that topographic order is established. In the oldest fetus (E95) label in the LGN assumed a configuration similar to that seen in the adult. The cortical projection also invades the SC and pulvinar around E70. In the SC, label was initially confined to the stratum opticum, but by E84 it extended into the superficial gray. Thus, all known classes of efferent pathways from the visual cortex to subcortical structures are present by the middle of the 165-day gestational period in rhesus monkey. The one-month period, E63-E97, during which these efferent visual connections are established is characterized by the considerable growth and increased complexity of the dendritic arborization of pyramidal cells in the infragranular cortical layers of area 17. Thus the development of visual cortical efferents occurs in rough synchrony with the genesis of the afferent pathway from the LGN (Rakic, '76a; '79) and with the onset of morphological differentiation of pyramidal neurons in the infragranular cortical layers. PMID- 7217359 TI - Sex differences in dendritic morphology of a song control nucleus in the canary: a quantitative Golgi study. AB - Singing in the canary is a learned male behavior controlled predominantly by nuclei in the left hemisphere (Nottebohm and Nottebohm, '76; Nottebohm et al., '76; Nottebohm, '77). These nuclei are several times larger in males than in females (Nottebohm and Arnold, '76). One of the telencephalic song control nuclei, robustus archistriatalis (RA), was examined in Golgi-stained tissue sections from the left and right hemispheres of male and female canaries. At least four cell classes were present in each sex. One of these cell classes was further studied with a variety of quantitative techniques. No hemispheric differences were seen in either sex. However, dendrites from male cells tend to branch and end further from the cell body than do dendrites from female cells. This difference is seen most clearly when serial sections are used to reconstruct the entire dendritic tree. PMID- 7217360 TI - An analysis of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons projecting from the upper thoracic spinal roots of the cat. AB - The distribution of sympathetic preganglionic neurons that project via the right stellate ganglion has been studied quantitatively in adult cats. Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the ganglion or applied to transected axons of the cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) resulted in labelling of neurons in the ipsilateral spinal cord over T1-T9 and T1-T7, respectively. Their distribution and morphology in the subnuclei of the intermediate zone were determined. Neurons within the principal part of the intermediolateral column (ILp) comprised the majority of labelled cells at all levels, irrespective of the site of HRP application, while more medially located neurons projected differentially. A combination of the application procedures labelled what appeared to be a sum of the individual projections, and few ILp cells remained unlabelled in the most rostral segments. From reconstructions of different segmental levels, most of the cells in the ILp were found to lie in a column approximately 200 micrometer in diameter composed of a series of cell aggregations of 20-150 neurons at intervals of approximately 300 micrometer. Less frequently, mediolaterally aligned cells extended toward the central canal, near which small cell clusters were also detected. After selective HRP application to individual rami of T1-T3, labelled cells were restricted to one segment's length, so that neurons located more caudally must project extraspinally to the stellate ganglion. Consideration of the maximum cell numbers labelled by each procedure suggests that preganglionic collaterals (probably unmyelinated) diverging from the pathway to the preferred target of their parent neuron were not labelled by this technique. PMID- 7217361 TI - Evidence for a catecholaminergic projection to area X in the zebra finch. AB - In the zebra finch (Poephila guttata), horseradish peroxidase injected into or near Area X of the lobus parolfactorius (LPO) is transported to cell bodies in ipsilateral hyperstriatum ventrale pars caudale (HVc), area ventralis of Tsai (AVT), and nucleus tegmenti pedunculo-pontinus, pars compacta (TPc). Area X, LPO, and paleostriatum augmentatum (PA) all contain a dense network of catacholamine containing axons and nerve terminals, as determined in histofluorescence studies. Cell bodies in AVT and TPc contain catacholamines; lesions of TPc greatly reduce or abolish catacholamine fluorescence in PA, and a lesion of AVT eliminates histofluorescence in LPO, icluding Area X. The anatomical location and catecholaminergic projection from AVT suggest that LPO-Area X may be the avian homolog of the mammalian nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, and/or rostromedial caudate. PMID- 7217362 TI - Dendritic plasticity in mouse barrel cortex following postnatal vibrissa follicle damage. AB - Neonatal damage to a row of mystacial vibrissae in the mouse causes cytoarchitectonic alterations in the contralateral SmI barrel Cortex. The region for the appropriate row of barrels develops as a smaller homogeneous zone while barrels in adjacent rows are expanded. To investigate the effects of this phenomenon on the morphology of individual neurons, adult mice in which Row-C vibrissae (the middle row) had been cauterized on days 1--5 following birth were processes by the Golgi-Cox method. All neurons in layer IV of the Row-C zones, of the Row-C barrels of a control hemisphere, and some neurons in the adjacent enlarged Row-B barrels were measured with a computer-assisted microscope. Their location with respect to cytoarchitectonic boundaries was determined from a Nissl counterstain. Data from 239 cells are presented. For each cell, measures of dendritic length and branching were obtained. The orientation of the dendritic trees with respect to the barrel sides was also measured. The measures of dendritic lengths and branching did not show any differences between control and experimental animals or between animals damaged on different days. Measures of orientation did show changes related to the age at the time of damage. In animals damaged on postnatal day (PND)-3 or earlier, many cells in the Row-C zone were observed with dendrites orienting toward the adjacent Rows-B or -D. "Putative" Row-C cells in the expanded parts of Rows-B and -D were strongly oriented toward barrels in those rows. These results suggest that dendritic length and branching may be determined intrinsically but that the orientation of the dendritic trees appears to be strongly influenced by the pattern of extrinsic afferent inputs from the thalamus. In the case of the whisker-damaged animals, the orientation of the Row-C neuron dendritic trees toward the "functional" thalamocortical inputs in Rows-B and -D contributes strongly to the resultant cytoarchitectonic changes. The implications of these results for normal developmental processes and their relationship to functional studies of the cortex are considered. PMID- 7217364 TI - Studies on the somatotopy of the trigeminal system in the mallard, Anas platyrhynchos L. IV. Tactile representation in the nucleus basalis. AB - This electrophysiological study complements neuroanatomical work from our department on the somatotopy of the trigeminal system of the mallard. Peripheral areas of mechanoreceptors in bills and tongue were mapped in the telencephalic nucleus basalis, a second-order relay nucleus in the ascending trigeminal pathway. The multi-unit responses recorded under Equithesin anaesthesia did not show spontaneous activity and all animals adapted rapidly after mechanical stimulation. They showed well-circumscribed receptive fields whose peripheral position did not change when the electrode was lowered in the vertical stereotaxic plane, but changes immediately when its position was changed in the horizontal XZ-plane. The somatotopic picture presented here corresponds in many details to that obtained with combined neuroanatomical techniques (Dubbeldam et al., '81). In the discussion the structural point-to-point relationship between the peripheral mechanoreceptive areas and the nucleus basalis is tentatively changed to a division into areas related to the functional units involved in the subsequent sensory events during feeding. The somatotopy provides a basis for future chronic experiments to investigate this postulated role of the various areas in the nucleus basalis. PMID- 7217363 TI - Studies on the somatotopy of the trigeminal system in the mallard, Anas platyrhynchos L. III. Afferents and organization of the nucleus basalis. AB - The ascending projections from the principal sensory nucleus V (PrV) have been studied by tracing degeneration after lesions in the PrV and by injections of HRP into the projection zone of PrV. The quintofrontal tract arises from PrV, ascends into the forebrain, and terminates in the ipsilateral and the contralateral nucleus basalis (NB). The contralateral fibers decussate in the tegmentum at the level of the trochlear-oculomotor nuclei. NB is a laminar nucleus lying over the rostral part of the paleostriatal complex. Dorsally NB is bounded by the neostriatum. NB consists of small neurons. In the dorsal part of NB, these neurons are arranged in vertical columns; the afferents ascend through these columns, and clusters of degenerated boutons are found around the cells. It is possible to distinguish regions in NB receiving ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular, or glossopharyngeal afferents. The rostral part of NB receives an exclusive ipsilateral projection; the intermediate part, a bilateral projection; and the caudal part, a contralateral projection, with the exception of the most caudal area, which also receives a bilateral projection. It is not clear whether NB should be considered a thalamic, a telencephalic, or even a pallial structure. The hypothesis that the columnar organization of the NB is a prerequisite to preserve a precise somatotopy of the tactile system of the oral region is discussed. In this respect the organization of NB can be compared to that of layer IV of the somatosensory (SI) cortex of mammals. Knowledge of the structure and functions of the peripheral tactile sense system opens the possibility of subdividing the NB into functional units. PMID- 7217365 TI - Primary afferent axons in the tract of Lissauer in the monkey. AB - The main thrust of the present study was to determine the numbers of primary afferent fibers in the tract of Lissauer in the monkey. The findings are that approximately 40% of the axons in the tract of Lissauer are primary afferent axons from a single segment, and approximately another 40% are primary afferents from segments cranial and caudal to the segment under consideration. Presumably, the remaining 20% are propriospinal axons. There is relatively little difference in the proportions of primary afferents in medial as opposed to lateral parts of the tract, and in this respect the monkey differs somewhat from the rat and cat. Thus in the monkey the tract of Lissauer should probably be regarded as a primary afferent pathway with the propriospinal forming a distinct but relatively minor component of the tract. PMID- 7217366 TI - The structure of the mediodorsal cerebral cortex in the lizard Agama agama: a Golgi study. AB - A Golgi analysis was made of the cell types present in the mediodorsal cerebral cortex of the lizard Agama agama. Mediodorsal cortex can be divided into two areas, small-celled mediodorsal cortex (sMDC) and large-celled mediodorsal cortex (lMDC). Both sMDC and lMDC are four-layered cortices: superficial plexiform layer, cellular layer, deep plexiform layer and fiber layer, lMDC partially overlaps dorsal cortex (medial superposition). Using characteristics of the dendrites and criteria of location, dendritic field shape and soma size, two classes of neurons can be distinguished in sMDC. The first class consists of two types of solitary cells present in the superficial and deep plexiform layers and in the fiber layer. The second class consists of six types of pyramidal-like candelabra cells, composing the cellular layer. In lMDC solitary cells are also present in the superficial and deep plexiform layers and in the fiber layer. Large pyramidal cells of one type lie in the cellular layer. In addition, neurons of the dorsal cortex and of the ventral cell plate of Unger lie in the medial superposition area of lMDC. Throughout the entire mediodorsal cortex, protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes and ependymal tanycytes are found. PMID- 7217367 TI - Further evidence of an early critical period in the development of the cat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - The concept of an early postnatal critical period of development for the lateral geniculate nucleus was assessed by determining in adult cats whether previously established properties of geniculate neurons could be altered by varying the cat's visual experience. The analysis was limited to lamina A1 and the binocular segment of lamina A, and the properties studied were the percentage of physiologically recorded Y-cells and cell soma size. Eleven experimental cats in four groups were studied, and three cats reared normally plus three cats reared with continuous monocular lid suture served as controls. Two cats raised first with monocular suture followed by a prolonged period in adulthood with both eyes open had cell size distributions and Y-cell proportions that were indistinguishable from cats raised with continuous monocular suture. Four cats raised first with one eye sutured underwent a reverse suture procedure in adulthood (i.e., the originally sutured eye opened and the other closed) and were maintained in this fashion for a prolonged period. These cats also had geniculate cell size distributions and Y-cell proportions that were indistinguishable from cats raised with continuous monocular suture. Two cats were raised first with binocular suture followed by a prolonged period in adulthood with one eye opened. Their geniculate cell size distributions and Y-cell proportions showed no effect on the adult monocular deprivation and were indistinguishable from previously published data concerning cats raised with continuous binocular suture. Finally, three normally raised cats underwent a prolonged period of monocular suture in adulthood. Their geniculate cell size distributions and Y-cell proportions showed no effects on the adult monocular deprivation. From these data, we conclude that an early critical period of development occurs for geniculate cell sizes and Y cell proportions. Adult visual environments, whether normal or abnormal, had no detectable effect on geniculate neurons for these previously developed properties, whether normal or abnormal. PMID- 7217368 TI - Organization of extrinsic tectal connections in Goldfish (Caraccius auratus). AB - Nonretinal sources of tectal afferents, the laminar and regional organization of the inputs, and the relation of the tectum with primary and secondary visual and motor centers in goldfish were studied following HRP injections in the optic tectum, orbit of the eye, cerebellum, pretectal area, and dorsolateral mesencephalic tegmentum. Ipsilateral tectal afferents include the area dorsalis centralis of the forebrain, the nucleus dorsalis lateralis of the thalamus, the area pretectalis, the nucleus pretectalis, a nucleus in the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum, the torus longitudinales, the torus semicircularis, a dorsolateral tegmental nucleus, the nucleus isthmi, and a rostral cell group of the nucleus motorius tegmenti. Comparison of results in a series of tectal HRP injections which differed in depth, tangential extent, and location indicated that projections from the area pretectalis, nucleus pretectalis, and nucleus isthmi terminate in the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale of the tectum. Terminals of the forebrain and nucleus dorsolateralis and contralateral tectum are sparse and widely branching. Projections from the area and nucleus pretectalis tend to terminate in the rostral tectum, and those from the contralateral tectum, torus semicircularis, dorsolateral tegmental nucleus, and nucleus motorius tegmenti terminate preferentially in the caudal tectum. Cells of origin of extrinsic tectal efferents were also identified following HRP injections in the pretectal area and mesencephalic tegmentum. Proximal dendrites and axons of these cells were labeled sufficiently to allow comparison with morphological types characterized in Golgi studies. HRP injections in the cerebellum labeled cells bodies in the area pretectalis, nucleus pretectalis, and the nucleus of the posterior commissure. Double label experiments with intraocular injection of tritiated proline demonstrated direct retinal input to these three areas. No indications of direct connections between the tectum and cerebellum were found following tectal or cerebellar HRP injections. PMID- 7217369 TI - The distribution of commissural terminations in somatosensory areas I and II of the grey squirrel. AB - The topographic distribution of somesthetic interhemispheric projections was studied in grey squirrels using the Fink-Heimer technique following large aspiration lesions of the corpus callosum. On the day of perfusion, receptive fields were determined for microelectrode recording sites in the first, S I, and second, S II, somatosensory areas of cortex, and small electrolytic lesions were made in order to identify some of these sites in prepared brain sections. The cortex was then separated from the rest of the brain, flattened, and cut parallel, so that with the aid of the reference lesions, the total pattern of degeneration could be related to a surface view of the brain and to previous electrophysiological maps of S I (Sur et al., '78) and S II (Nelson et al., '79). The results show that callosal terminations are unevenly distributed in S I and S II, and suggested that there are several categories of callosal inputs to S I. A major region of terminations is in the architectonically distinct "unresponsive zone" within SI, and perhaps in other similar, but narrower, specialized zones within and bordering S I, as previously described in rats (Ryugo and Killackey, '75; Wise and Jones, '76, '78; Akers and Killackey, '78). Other callosal projections terminate within the responsive regions of S I. These regions include at least some of the representation of the body midline, most clearly the midline of the representations of the upper and lower face, as well as regions unrelated to the midline of the body. Most of all of the S I cortex responsive to stimuli away from the midline on the upper and lower lips, the mystacial vibrissae, and the glabrous forepaw was almost free of direct callosal terminations. Except for a central core region, most of S II appears to receive a moderate distribution of callosal inputs. PMID- 7217370 TI - Neurogenesis of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in the rat. AB - The sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) of Sprague-Dawley rats is larger in volume in the male and hormone-dependent early in postnatal life. In the present study, we compared for each sex the time course of neuroblast proliferation which study, we compared for each sex the time course of neuroblast proliferation which forms SDN-POA or adjacent medial preoptic area (MPOA) neurons. Additionally, we investigated whether there is a temporal gradient of production of neurons in relation to their final position within the SDN-POA. On day 15, 15, 16, 17, or 18 postfertilization (pf) pregnant rats were given a single injection of 3H-thymidine (thy). At 30 postnatally days of age the pups were sacrificed and brain sections were prepared and processed for autoradiography. Three sections of the SDN-POA and an adjacent area just lateral to it in the MPOA were also analyzed. In the MPOA and the SDN-POA the percentage (%) of labeled neurons decreases as the day of injection of thy approaches the end of gestation, but the time period in which neuroblast divisions occurred is markedly different for the SDN-POA as compared to that for the MPOA. DNA synthesis occurs as late as day 18pf for neurons which form the SDN-POA but ceases on day 16pf for those destined for the MPOA. There is a sex difference in neuronal production on both day 14 and 17pf for neurons destined for the SDN-POA. After injection on day 14pf the % labeled neurons is larger in the female than in the male but after injection on day 17pf this is reversed. There are also significant sex differences as well as a temporal gradient associated with the % labeled neurons in the SDN-POA in relation to their final anterior-posterior position. In addition, this study confirms our previous results which justify labeling the SDN-POA a nucleus, since neuronal density in this region in the male and female is significantly greater that that in the surrounding MPOA. These data illustrate that the specific neurons which comprise the SDN-POA in both the male and female are being produced as late as day 18pf, whereas neurons located in the MPOA but not in the SDN-POA have all been born by day 16pf. Neuroblast division which produces the neurons of the SDN-POA may begin earlier and terminate sooner in the female than in the male. These differences in neuronal production may partially account for the sexual dimorphism seen in the volume and neuronal number of the SDN-POA of the adult rat. PMID- 7217371 TI - The organization of indoleamine neurons in the brain of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The organization of indoleamine-containing neurons throughout the CNS of Macaca mulatta was examined with Falck-Hillarp histofluorescence and radioenzymatic biochemical techniques. Indoleamine-containing cell bodies, corresponding to the serotonin-containing groups B1 to B9, were observed within the brain stem. The pontine cell populations, however, were far more numerous than in the rat and represented caudal subpopulations of cells within the nucleus raphe dorsalis (B7) and nucleus centralis superior (B8). Additionally, the pontine indoleamine containing cells in M. mulatta extended laterally through the tegmentum such that they were often adjacent to catecholamine-containing neurons of the locus coeruleus complex. Ascending indoleamine-containing fiber bundles, similar to those defined in nonprimate mammals, were also observed within the pons and mesencephalon. Regional differences in the distribution of serotonin within hypothalamic nuclei and other forebrain regions of M. mulatta were revealed through a highly sensitive radioenzymatic assay in conjunction with microdissection. Significant concentrations of serotonin were evident in most areas, although the levels of this neurotransmitter were much lower in the median eminence region and nucleus suprachiasmaticus than in the rat. These differences may reflect variations in the control neuroendocrine events in the two species. PMID- 7217372 TI - Afferent synaptic connections between hair cells and the somata of intramacular neurons in the gravity receptor system of the statocyst of Octopus vulgaris. AB - In the sensory epithelium (macula) of the gravity receptor system of the statocyst of Octopus vulgaris, there are two types of afferent neurons, distinguished according to their position in the epithelium. The somata of one type lie accumulated in a ring peripheral to the hair cell layer of the epithelium; these are designated as perimacular neurons. The somata of the other type lie among the hair cells, below the level of their nuclei; these are designated as intramacular neurons. Axons of afferent neurons which touch the hair cells are postsynaptic to some of the hair cells touched. As the somata of the intramacular neurons also touch the hair cells, they were investigated by serial electron microscopic reconstruction to determine if afferent synaptic contacts between hair cells and these somata occur. An average of about 600 intramacular neurons was counted in two maculae. Afferent synapses were seen to occur between hair cells and the somata of 76% of the intramacular neurons investigated. The postsynaptic processes of the intramacular neurons' somata were of two morphological types; one with a finger-like and one with a flat postsynaptic process (average of one synapse of each type per soma). The soma of an intramacular neurons can be postsynaptic to more than one hair cell simultaneously (average of 1--2 hair cells per soma). In addition to being presynaptic to only one neuron's soma, a hair cell could be simultaneously presynaptic to the axons of one or more afferent neurons. The morphological findings are discussed as to their possible physiological consequences. PMID- 7217373 TI - Expansion of the ipsilateral visual corticotectal projection in hamster subjected to partial lesions of the visual cortex during infancy: electrophysiological experiments. AB - Single unit recording from cells in the superior colliculus ipsilateral to the damaged hemisphere in hamsters subjected to unilateral removal of a part of the posterior neocortex during infancy was combined with electrical stimulation of the cortical remnant and the visual cortex in the undamaged hemisphere. Cells activated by stimulation of the cortical remnant were recorded in all portions of the colliculus. No differences in percentages of driven cells or threshold current intensities were noted between electrode penetrations in which collicular neurons having receptive fields within the remaining visual cortical representation were recorded and tracks where units with receptive fields outside this region were isolated. In the medical part of the tectum ipsilateral to the damaged hemisphere cells driven by stimulation of either cortex were encountered. It was also demonstrated that stimulation of the ipsilateral cortical remnant and/or the contralateral cortex was capable of suppressing discharges normally elicited by optic chiasm or visual stimulation in a manner qualitatively similar to that observed for collicular cells in normal hamsters. The response properties of cells functionally influenced by the ipsilateral and/or contralateral corticles were not different from those of neurons which received no demonstrable cortical input. The receptive field characteristics of the sample of neurons recorded were, on the whole, quite similar to those of collicular neurons in hamsters subjected to lesions of the visual cortex as adults. PMID- 7217374 TI - An electron microscopic study of the afferent connections of the lateral reticular nucleus of the cat. AB - The mode and pattern of termination of the afferents to the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) of the cat were examined at the cellular level through the ultrastructural localization of induced degeneration. Examination of the LRN following hemicordotomy at the fifth and sixth cervical levels revealed that most of the degenerating terminals were in contact with intermediate and distal dendrites, and that most of these degenerating terminals were small and contained round vesicles. Fewer degenerating terminals were observed on the somata and proximal dendrites after spinal hemisection, and most of these terminals were large and contained round vesicles. Following lesions of the pericruciate cortex, small degenerating terminals were occasionally observed making contact onto intermediate and distal dendrites. Degenerating rubral terminals were observed synapsing on somata, somatic and dendritic spines, proximal dendrites and most commonly on intermediate and distal dendrites following lesioning of the red nucleus. The degenerating axosomatic rubro-LRN terminals belonged to the large, round-vesicle terminal population, while those degenerating terminals contacting intermediate and distal dendrites belonged to the small, round-vesicle population. Small, degenerating terminals were occasionally seen following lesions of the fastigial nucleus, and they made synaptic contact mainly onto intermediate and distal dendrites and dendritic spines. The present ultrastructural observations taken together with the convergence pattern of LRN afferents and the available electrophysiological data on inputs to the LRN suggest an extensive integration of converging impulses from two or more afferent sources to the rostral LRN neurons. The results of this study therefore support the veiw that the rostral LRN functions as a comparator of command signals from the motor cortex and red nucleus and feedback signals from the spinal cord and cerebellum during ongoing movement. PMID- 7217375 TI - Connective tissue nevi of the skin. Clinical, genetic, and histopathologic classification of hamartomas of the collagen, elastin, and proteoglycan type. AB - Connective tissue nevi of the skin are hamartomatous lesions consisting predominantly of one of the components of the extracellular matrix, namely, collagen, elastin, or glycosaminoglycans. On the basis of clinical, histopathologic, and genetic considerations, the connective tissue nevi can be classified into defined categories. Association with extracutaneous features allows further delineation of these disease entities and aids in establishing an accurate diagnosis. PMID- 7217376 TI - Accessory breast on the posterior thigh of a man. AB - An elderly man with a mass that clinically resembles the normal female breast on the posterior portion of his left thigh is presented. We believe this is an unusual case of accessory breast tissue occurring in a location remote from the embryonic mammary line. PMID- 7217377 TI - Monsel's solution: a histologic nuisance. AB - Monsel's solution produces artifacts which can be troublesome if rebiopsy of a lesion is necessary. The tattoo produced can distort or obscure the basic pathologic process. It may lead an unwary pathologist into the false interpretation of the depth of a melanoma. Pathologists should recognize the artifact and we describe its characteristics. The use of Monsel's solution for hemostasis should be discouraged following biopsies of pigmented lesions or tumors which may prove to be diagnostic problems. The pathologist should be informed if Monsel's solution has been used. PMID- 7217378 TI - The cardiovascular stress of photochemotherapy (PUVA). AB - The recently devised therapy for psoriasis and related skin diseases, consisting of long-wave ultraviolet light and oral 8-methoxypsoralen (PUVA), was investigated for its cardiovascular effects. In seventeen patients, long-wave ultraviolet light therapy in a treatment enclosure (mean duration, 19.3 minutes) resulted in ambient temperatures of 39.2 degrees C +/- 2.1 degrees C (SD) and skin temperatures of 38.2 degrees C +/- 1.4 degrees C. In upright subjects, heart rate rose 30.8% to 114.4 +/- 25.2 beats per minute (bpm). Intensive room air conditioning, outside of the treatment enclosure, although significantly lowering skin and ambient temperatures, did not affect the heart rates significantly. PUVA therapy is associated with a definite cardiovascular stress when the box type of therapeutic unit is used. Possible modifications are discussed. PMID- 7217379 TI - Surgical management of regional lymph nodes in cutaneous melanoma. AB - The initial evaluation of melanoma patients should include an assessment of the regional lymph nodes for metastatic disease. Clinical palpation of the nodes is an important but relatively crude index of metastatic melanoma. In clinically normal nodes, the risk of microscopic metastatic melanoma can be predicted by such prognostic factors as thickness, ulceration, and anatomic location of the melanoma. Other prognostic factors, including the level of invasion and growth pattern (nodular and superficial spreading) provided no additional predictive information after these dominant factors were accounted for. Stage I patients with intermediate thickness melanoma (0.76-4.00 mm) have an improved survival rate with elective lymphadenectomy, while those with thin (less than 0.76 mm) and thick (greater than or equal to 4.00 mm) melanomas do not benefit from elective node dissection. Stage II melanoma patients with documented nodal metastases have relatively poor survival rates because of a high risk for distant microscopic metastases. A surgical strategy for deciding about the timing, the extent, and the treatment goals of regional node dissection in melanoma patients is reviewed. PMID- 7217380 TI - Prognosis in malignant melanoma. PMID- 7217381 TI - Microwaves for heating the human body. PMID- 7217382 TI - Mycosis fungoides. PMID- 7217383 TI - Therapy of lentigo maligna and Spitz nevus. PMID- 7217384 TI - Intralesional corticosteroids. AB - Intralesional corticosteroids are commonly used in clinical dermatology. They are an adjunct to topicals and a possible substitution for systemic corticosteroids. Intralesional corticosteroids can be injected via a syringe and needle or with a Dermo-Jet. Although multiple preparations are available, the triamcinolones have more acceptable physical characteristics. Systemic absorption and consequent adverse effects are rarely a problem because of low dosage administered. Local adverse effects (the most prominent of which is atrophy) depend on the strength of the preparation, the quantity used, the area of the body, and the skin condition being treated. PMID- 7217385 TI - Pyoderma gangrenosum treated with clofazimine. Report of three cases. AB - Three cases of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) responsive to clofazimine are reported. The ulcers were recalcitrant to other forms of therapy, and the patients were incapacitated. Healing began within 2 or 3 weeks. To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of PG responsive to clofazimine in the United States. PMID- 7217386 TI - Erythroplasia (Queyrat) of conjunctiva. AB - Erythroplasia of Queyrat (EQ) is an epidermoid carcinoma in situ which is histologically identical with Bowen's disease of the skin but involves mucosal surfaces. The lesion is known to occur on the glans penis, the vulva, and the oral mucosa. Two cases of EQ of the conjunctiva that developed several years after radiotherapy for basal cell carcinoma of the eyelids are here reported. The signs and symptoms closely mimicked those of chronic conjunctivitis. The lesions were excised by the microscopically controlled excision of Mohs. It is recommended that biopsy material be obtained in patients who develop a nonresolving chronic conjunctivitis, especially when there is history of radiotherapy of the eyelids. PMID- 7217387 TI - Melanocytic nevi in neonates. AB - The histologic features of seven congenital nevi within 3 months of birth were studied, together with the ultrastructural features of one of the lesions examined microscopically within 48 hours of birth. All seven lesions showed melanocytic hyperplasia within the epidermis and within pilosebaceous and eccrine sweat units. Nevus cells within the dermis were located in proximity to the adnexae. Melanocytic hyperplasia within the epidermis showed a variety of patterns, at least one of which simulated the atypical melanocytic hyperplasia seen in the superficial spreading type of melanoma. The fine structure of the melanosomes in one case studied by electron microscopy resembled hair-bulb melanosomes. They were distinctly different from melanosomes characteristic of epidermal melanocytes, nevus cells, or melanoma cells. PMID- 7217388 TI - An unusual and fatal case of disseminated cutaneous herpes simplex. Infection in a patient with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides). AB - A patient with plaque stage mycosis fungoides (MF) developed an atypical disseminated cutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection manifested by polycyclic cutaneous ulcers. Although Tzanck preparations and serial antibody titers to herpes virus were negative, the diagnosis was readily established by viral culture and histologic examination of the skin lesions. Following adenine arabinoside therapy, the viral cultures of the ulcers became negative and the spread of virus-induced ulcerations ceased. In an immunocompromised host with rapidly advancing, sharply punched-out polycyclic cutaneous ulcerations, herpes simplex infection should be considered even though the classical vesicular lesions are absent. PMID- 7217391 TI - Tactics. PMID- 7217389 TI - Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis with fever, cytopenia, liver failure, and terminal hemorrhagic diathesis. AB - We have seen five adult patients with a clinical picture of recurrent histiocytic, cytophagic panniculitis, cytopenia, abnormal liver function tests, and a terminal, febrile bleeding diathesis. Originally thought to have Weber Christian disease, these patients, we believe, represent a unique syndrome: lobular, histiocytic, cytophagic panniculitis. Erythrophagocytosis and cytophagocytosis are readily observed, but the cells do not show malignant features. Histiocytosis can be found at times in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and serosal tissues, as well as in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The terminal hemorrhage in these patients is characterized by features of pancytopenia, liver failure, and intravascular coagulation. This disease may be separated from malignant histiocytosis by the chronic course, the primary involvement of the adipose tissue, and the benign histiocytes in the infiltrate. It has some similarities to other regional histiocytoses such as sinus histiocytosis, intestinal histiocytosis, and splenic histiocytosis. PMID- 7217390 TI - Hypomelanosis of Ito. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A 5-month-old boy with hypomelanosis of Ito was studied. Lesions presented as bizarre, hypopigmented whorls and streaks. Histologic studies showed that the hypopigmented areas contained normal melanocytes with decreased content of intracellular melanin. A review of the literature revealed the disease to be a discrete entity of hypopigmentation associated with a high percentage of central nervous system abnormalities, particularly seizure disorders and mental retardation. PMID- 7217392 TI - Valisone aerosol spray contraindicated in mucous membranes. PMID- 7217394 TI - X-ray questionnaire. PMID- 7217393 TI - Bowenoid papulosis. PMID- 7217395 TI - Speckled zosteriform lentiginous nevus. PMID- 7217396 TI - Focal dermal hypoplasia in a father and daughter. AB - Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) is most often seen in females who have severe mesenchymal defects as well as distinctive cutaneous abnormalities. We describe a 45-year-old man with mild FDH limited entirely to the skin, who was never correctly diagnosed until he fathered a female infant with severe multisystem FDH. PMID- 7217397 TI - Studies of phenylketonurics with dermatitis. AB - A comprehensive study was undertaken of two patients who had typical phenylketonuria (PKU) and chronic dermatitis. Hematologic, immunologic, and histologic (light and electron microscopy) studies and quantitative intracellular amino acid measurements were made from the skin and cultured fibroblasts of these patients. Findings were: (1) the complement receptor-bearing lymphocytes (EAC rosettes) were decreased; (2) both light and electron microscopic findings revealed nonspecific dermatitis; (3) fibroblastic studies suggested little or no phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in cells of patients with PKU and controls; (4) the intracellular concentration of phenylalanine was significantly higher in the skin of PKU patients than in the controls; and (5) patch tests using 50% phenylalanine in petrolatum were negative in four untreated adult PKU patients and four controls. PMID- 7217398 TI - Xanthoma disseminatum. Report of a case, with histological and ultrastructural studies of skin lesions. AB - A patient with xanthoma disseminatum with typical xanthomatous lesions on the flexural surfaces and diabetes insipidus controllable by 1.5 gm daily administration of clofibrate was examined. Acid orcein and Giemsa stain of biopsy material revealed dark brown masses within the cytoplasm of histiocytes or giant cells, which were demonstrated to be elastic fibers engulfed by the tissue macrophages on electron microscopy. Numerous phagosomes, vacuoles, and concentric lamellar structures were present in the cytoplasm of the tissue macrophages. Collagen fibers were also altered in the lesion. Occasional crystals suggesting cholesterol were also found. However, no Langerhans' cell granules were found within any dermal macrophages; this indicated that these histiocytes or macrophages were different from those in histiocytosis X. It was suggested that autophagocytosis of tissue components is one of the pathologic features in the cutaneous lesion of xanthoma disseminatum. PMID- 7217399 TI - Skin cancer in the PUVA-48 cooperative study. AB - A 4-year follow-up study of 631 patients with psoriasis given 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA in the PUVA-48 cooperative study revealed only ten patients with skin cancer and eight patients with actinic keratosis. The skin cancer group averaged 14 years older than the group without lesions. The cumulative treatment ranged from 255 to 1,737 joules/cm2 at the time of development of skin cancer. The ratio of basal cell carcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma and the anatomic location of lesions generally follow the pattern of spontaneously developing lesions. Ionizing radiation was a significant risk factor, but previous arsenic exposure or skin cancer was not. Comparison with previous studies and lack of control population may indicate less risk of skin cancer following PUVA than previously suggested. PMID- 7217400 TI - Pemphigus vulgaris and plasma exchange: clinical and serologic studies. AB - A woman with pemphigus vulgaris was treated by plasma exchange. Four separate exchanges of approximately 4,000 ml each were performed over a 2-week period. The patient's pemphigus antibody titer decreased from 1/320 before the first exchange to 1/20 after the final exchange, and no new lesions developed for 3 weeks following treatment. It is likely that treatment with plasma exchange helped induce clinical and laboratory remission. The fall in pemphigus antibody titer correlated to loss of acantholytic activity of plasma in vitro. Acantholysis developed in cultures of normal human skin and preexchange plasma but was undetectable in culture of human skin and preexchange plasma diluted to postexchange pemphigus antibody titer. Plasma exchange is a rational approach to management of severe pemphigus but is not practical for routine management. PMID- 7217401 TI - Lichen planus-like keratosis. A clinicohistopathologic correlation. AB - We feel that it is possible to make a reasonably consistent clinical diagnosis of lichen planus-like keratosis on the basis of several criteria. These criteria include physical appearance, location and short duration of the lesion, clinical symptoms such as pruritus and pain, age and sex of the patient, and the frequent presence of a preceding lentigo. Clinical data on fifty-nine histologically confirmed cases are presented. Some interesting features of this curious condition are discussed. Because of the clinical similarity of lichen planus-like keratosis to other sometimes more ominous lesions, microscopic confirmation of the diagnosis is still recommended. PMID- 7217403 TI - Dermatologists in academia: 1980. PMID- 7217404 TI - Thirst and sodium appetite after colloid treatment in rats. AB - Subcutaneous injection of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution produced a progressive sequestration of extracellular fluid at the injection site. Appropriately, PEG-treated rats showed both thirst and sodium appetite. However, water intake began within 1 to 2 hr after the injections, whereas consumption of NaCl solution did not start until 3-4 hr later. Then rats ingested both fluids alternately until plasma volumes were restored, whereupon saline intake became even more prominent while water was consumed due to induced osmoregulatory needs. These three phases were seen regardless of the dose of PEG that was administered or the concentration of saline that was available. In contrast, after maintenance on a sodium-deficient diet for 2-4 days, or after bilateral adrenalectomy, rats increased their intake of saline immediately after PEG treatment. These and other findings suggest that the delayed onset of sodium appetite after PEG treatment that occurs when rats are maintained on standard sodium-rich chow results from the buffer provided by surplus extracellular fluid in those animals. They further suggest that sodium appetite is not directly associated with decreases in plasma volume or sodium concentration but instead may be stimulated by decreased availability of sodium in the brain. PMID- 7217402 TI - Residency positions in dermatology. PMID- 7217409 TI - Development and habituation of the heart rate orienting response to auditory and visual stimuli in the rat. AB - Development and habituation of responsitivity to sound and visual stimuli were studied in 8-19 day-old pups by using a change in heart rate (HR) as the indicant response. A change in HR to sound (white noise) first occurred around 14-15 days of age and was acceleratory in nature. Within 3 days the direction of the HR response shifted to bradycardia. The HR response to light was also characterized by tachycardia in young pups (14 days) which shifted to bradycardia as the pups matured (16 days and older). Experiment 2, the HR response to 15- and 19-day-old rats was studied at three auditory stimulus intensities (60, 70, and 90 dB, B scale). Stimulus intensity did not alter the direction of the HR response, but it did influence the magnitude of the cardiac response in the 19-day-old pups. These data suggest that even weak sensory stimuli elicit a defensive reaction (HR acceleration) during the first few days that follow onset of function in each sensory system. Later in development the same stimulus elicit an orienting response (cardiac deceleration). PMID- 7217408 TI - Differential effects of maternal and sibling presence of hyperactivity of 6 hydroxydopamine-treated developing rats. AB - The influence of test environment on the expression of hyperactivity produced by neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration was assessed in rat pups at 15, 19, and 22 days of age. The 6-OHDA pups and an equal number of controls were tested in one of five different social circumstances: (a) isolation, (b) mixed groupings of two treated and two control pups, (c) mixed groupings with their anesthetized mothers, (d) mixed groupings with an anesthetized sibling, and (e) homogeneous groupings of all treated and all control siblings. Social factors had striking differential effects on activity, particularly at 19 days of age. The 6 OHDA pups were hyperactive relative to controls in isolation. Both treated and control pups were equally active in the mixed grouping, and they were hyperactive relative to control isolation levels. The addition of an anesthetized mother sharply attenuated the activity of both types of pups, whereas the addition of an anesthetized sibling attenuated the activity of the controls only. Pups in both types of homogeneous groupings were less active than pups in mixed groupings, and under homogeneous test conditions the treated pups were even less active than the controls. Thus, social factors strongly influence the behavior of rat pups with whole brain dopamine depletion produced by 6-OHDA and, within the confines of this animal model of hyperactivity, exert greater attenuating effects on their activity than previously observed with stimulant medication. PMID- 7217407 TI - Effects of infraorbital nerve section on survival, growth, and suckling behaviors of developing rats. AB - Previous studies on sensory control of nursing in the rat have emphasized local olfactory cues. This study examined the role of tactile sensory processes by surgical section of the infraorbital nerve in rats at 17, 12, 7, and less than 1 day of postnatal age. All sectioned rats showed anesthesia of snout, upper lip, and vibrissal pads, and severe impairment of nipple attachment for at least the first day after denervation. Seven-day-old pups failed to recover, and all died after 3-6 days of relentless weight loss. Seventeen-day-old pups showed no weight loss after denervation if already weaned to solid food, but they lost weight for 3 days, and 25% failed to recover. Behavioral observations showed that denervated pups were activated by the mother's ventrum and probed for the nipple in the appropriate area but failed to focus head sweeping or licking and mouthing on the nipple itself and did not attach even when the nipple was inserted into the intact sensory areas of the mouth. Recovery after nerve section did not appear to be due to nerve regeneration. The data show that tactile cues are not necessary for normal nursing in the rat and suggest that important tactile sensorimotor adaptations may occur during the early and late phases of nursing. PMID- 7217405 TI - Impaired drinking responses of rats with lesions on the subfornical organ. AB - electrolytic lesions of the subfornical organ (SFO) in rats are known to abolish their drinking response to intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (AII). Such lesions also attenuate drinking after 20% polyethylene glycol solution (PEG) is given subcutaneously, which suggests that AII may play an important role in mediating thirst during hypovolemia. However, the present studies show that such rats with SFO lesions may drink normal amounts when larger plasma volume deficits are caused by 30% PEG treatment. They also may drink normal amounts in response to 20% PEG when pretreated either with caffeine or hypertonic NaCl solution. Furthermore, they may not drink in response to relatively low doses of hypertonic saline but drink normal amounts when given larger doses. These and other results suggest that the SFO is involved in a control system for thirst and that after damage to it, greater stimulation than usual may be required for drinking to be initiated. From this perspective, drinking would be expected following either suprathreshold stimulation or drug-induced lowering of the activation threshold in these animals, as was observed, with the loss of putative AII receptors in the SFO also contributing to their particularly severe deficits in thirst induced by AII. PMID- 7217406 TI - Vagotomy facilitates extinction of conditioned taste aversions in rats. AB - Results from three experiments indicate that severing the subdiaphragmatic vagus in rats increased the rate of extinction of learned taste aversions. In Experiment 1, although vagotomized rats acquired a saccharin aversion equivalent to that of controls when the illness-inducing agent was the blood-borne toxin apomorphine, vagotomized rats tended to consume more saccharin than controls during repeated extinction tests. In Experiment 2, vagotomy disrupted retention and increased extinction of a preoperatively acquired saccharin aversion. Disruptions were found when the taste aversion was induced by copper sulfate, a local gastric irritant (Experiment 2A), or apomorphine, a systemic toxin (Experiment 2B); in each experiment vagotomized rats consumed more saccharin than controls on the first retention test and extinguished the prior to surgery. Experiment 3 demonstrated that vagotomy did not affect retention or extinction of a shock-induced conditioned emotional response (lick to suppression) to noise. It is concluded that integrity of the vagus is not necessary for acquisition of a learned taste aversion when a blood-borne toxin is used as the ill-inducing agent. However, the vagus apparently mediates an integral portion of the conditioned response following taste-illness acquisition regardless of whether the illness agent is a local gastric irritant or a systemic toxin. PMID- 7217410 TI - Ontogeny and interdependence of genetically selected behaviors in rats: avoidance response and open field. AB - Ontogeny and interdependence of genetically selected avoidance and open-field behaviors were investigated in six genetic lines, involving 1,018 animals, and three developmental models (longitudinal, cross sectional, and generational). In selected lines, behaviors varied with age, depending upon the genetic selection; in the control (random bred) line, no such effects were found. Between the lines selected for high (RHA) and low (RLA) rates of two-way-active avoidance, ontogenetic differences in the selected behavior emerged as the animals grew older, whereas between the lines selected for high (MR) and low (MNR) frequency of open-field defecation, the differences in the selected behavior were present at all stages of development. In unconditioned escape response to footshock, which shows an inverse relation to avoidance response in the RHA and RLA lines, and in general activity (number of sections crossed in an open field), which shows inverse relation to defecation in the MNR and MR lines, the differences were present at all stages. The relation between avoidance response and open field defecation (emotional reactivity) was not linear but suggestive of curvilinear inverted-U-function. PMID- 7217411 TI - Development of responsiveness to suprathreshold acoustic stimulation in chickens. AB - Developmental changes in an unconditioned response to acoustic stimulation were observed in young chickens. Specifically, durations of distress call (peep) suppression were measured after the onsets of tones that differed in intensity and frequency in 384 newly hatched and 4-day-old chicks. Resuppression was also measured after a 6% change in the frequency of these tones, once the animals had habituated to the original tone. The data showed that the suppression varied systematically as a function of age, intensity, and frequency: (a) the duration of suppression increased with increasing stimulus intensity, as expected; (b) responsiveness to high frequencies grew more rapidly over the first 4 days than responsiveness to low frequencies, an effect indicating a developmental gradient across frequencies with age; (c) resuppression to the 6% change in frequency increased in duration with age; and (d) young birds suppressed vocalizations longer to loud tones in the range of their species' maternal assembly call than to other frequency-intensity combinations. These developmental trends indicate rapid changes in "perceived loudness" and "perceptual sharpening" over the first few days of postnatal life. PMID- 7217412 TI - Physiological and behavioral consequences in rats of water recycling during lactation. AB - Radioactive water injected into 10-day-old rats were recovered the following day from their mothers' blood. This transfer of water was nearly eliminated by ligating the injected pups' urethras, a result indicating that mother rats consume their offspring's urine. Preventing urine consumption by ligating urethras of all pups in a litter doubled the plasma volume deficit in dams produced by 24 hr of water deprivation alone and led to increased isotonic saline, but not water, intakes following after water deprivation. Mother rats' daily water intakes increased after they were deprived of pup urine, and their pup-licking behavior increased following water deprivation. These findings indicate that urine consumption by mother rats has both physiological and behavioral consequences and suggest that pup licking is, in part, an ingestive behavior. PMID- 7217413 TI - Effectiveness of estradiol in preventing and reversing obesity induced by ovariectomy and high-caloric diet in female rats. PMID- 7217414 TI - Behavioral and neurochemical effects of neonatal administration of monosodium L glutamate in mice. AB - Feeding behavior, activity level, and thermoregulatory ability of mice made obese by neonatal administration of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) were studied. The degree of obesity and other characteristics of the syndrome were found to depend on age, diet, and housing condition. Carcass fat determinations demonstrated the presence of obesity in all MSG animals; however, body weight was elevated over control levels only in adult mice caged in groups. Group-housed MSG animals also failed to increase food intake in response to food deprivation and were both hypoactive and hypothermic. INdividually caged MSG mice showed normal activity levels and body temperature, an attenuated response to food deprivation, and an enhanced response to a high-fat diet. Since MSG obesity may be the consequence of damage to the dopamine-rich arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, a second goal of the study was to measure central catecholamines and examined any changes in the MSG animal's behavioral responses to catecholaminergic drugs. Animals treated with MSG sustained some loss of hypothalamic dopamine, but no systematic relation between central catecholamines and behavioral aspects of the syndrome could be discerned. PMID- 7217415 TI - An analysis of feeding and sensorimotor abilities of rats after decortication. AB - Feeding and sensorimotor abilities of decorticate rats are described. Within 24 hr after surgery, the rats ate mash, unfamiliar foods, dry chow, and tap and sugar water from a spatula. They sampled nonnutritive substances but rejected noxious substances. Although initially anorectic, given mash, they arrested weight loss as early as 2 to 4 days. With training, they drank water from a spout by Day 10 and gained weight on dry food and water. Throughout survival they had difficulties with chewing food, lapping water, and trimming toenails. They showed sensorimotor neglect to objects touched to the body; they did not orient to the place in space where touched, they did not orient when touched on the head. There may be different types of orienting, one which is lost and one spared following decortication. When lifted from a surface, they showed limb and postural abnormalities; when dropped, righting responses were impaired. They showed stereotyped reflexive responses to surface and became trapped on platforms and in alleys. The range of abnormalities, from simple acts to more complex behaviors, considered within the context of feeding behavior in its broadest sense, shows the rats simplest environment. Furthermore, cortically controlled feeding seems partly independent from hypothalamically controlled feeding. PMID- 7217416 TI - Computed tomography of the bronchi: 1. Normal anatomy. AB - This report demonstrates the normal cross-sectional appearance of the bronchial tree as seen on computed tomography. Key sections are emphasized in order to provide general orientation. Where significant, anatomic variations are identified. Detailed knowledge of the normal appearance of the bronchi is a prerequisite to identifying abnormalities that affect both the bronchi and the hilum. PMID- 7217417 TI - Computed tomography of the bronchi. 2. Pathology. AB - Computed tomography (CT) can be used to diagnose both inflammatory and neoplastic diseases that arise from or affect the bronchi. The clarity of anatomic detail that can be obtained with CT is demonstrated. This clarity of anatomic detail should be of use in those cases for which bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, or other staging procedures are planned. The overall usefulness of CT in patients with bronchial lesions has yet to be established. PMID- 7217418 TI - Computed tomography in preoperative staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Thirty-five patients with non-oat-cell primary bronchogenic carcinoma were studied with computed tomography (CT) and retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the usefulness of CT in the preoperative staging. All patients underwent mediastinoscopy, and those with a negative exploration were referred for thoracotomy. Computed tomography demonstrated lymph nodes in 31 patients, 17 of them having nodes larger than 1 cm. Malignant involvement of lymph nodes was present in only 2 of these 17 patients. However, nodal involvement was present in five of the patients with lymph nodes less than 1 cm in diameter. Nine out of 10 patients who proved unresectable at thoracotomy were correctly evaluated at CT. Five additional patients were incorrectly presumed to be unresectable. The use of CT for staging of primary lung tumors, therefore, needs further investigation. PMID- 7217419 TI - Cerebral mass lesions in torulosis demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - Cryptococcus neoformans is an ubiquitous yeast. As a budding type of fungus, it is also known as Torula histolytica and is a common cause of infection of the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in debilitated and immunodeficient patients. We have examined 12 patients with computed tomography who had well documented cryptococcal CNS infection and will review our findings in this paper. Three of these patients had mass lesions, while nine others had a variety of changes such as ventricular dilatation, cortical atrophy, and focal ischemic changes. PMID- 7217420 TI - Infarction of the internal capsule in children. AB - The computed tomographic findings in seven boys and two girls with infarction of the internal capsule are reported. Ages at the time of examination ranged from 8 months to 14 years. The etiology was head injury (concussion) in six and unknown in three. Cerebral angiography carried out in four cases showed narrowing of main arteries in two patients. PMID- 7217421 TI - CT diagnosis and short-term prognosis of intracranial hemorrhage and hypoxic/ischemic brain damage in neonates. AB - A group of 476 neonates who had suffered perinatal asphyxia were studied with computed tomography (CT), and 341 were found to have some form of intracranial hemorrhage. The different hemorrhages were identified and classified. While the presence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature neonate clearly increase neonatal mortality, subependymal and subarachnoid hemorrhages seem to have very little influence on whether the neonate survives or succumbs. Decreased brain tissue attenuation seen to some extent in all premature neonates depends on the maturity of the neonate and thus probably represents the normal appearance of the immature brain on CT. It should be noted that essentially all the CT examinations included in this study were carried out with an Ohio-Nuclear Delta 50 scanner. Findings with newer scanners may or may not corroborate the validity of some aspects of our observations. PMID- 7217422 TI - White matter involvement in anoxic encephalopathy in adults. AB - The computed tomographic findings in two adult patients with acute and delayed anoxic encephalopathy affecting predominantly the cerebral white matter are presented. PMID- 7217423 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma. AB - The clinical, radiographic, and computed tomographic (CT) findings in three proven cases of eosinophilic granuloma are presented. Because eosinophilic granuloma has typical appearance on CT, this method is more useful than plain film tomography in diagnosing this lesion. PMID- 7217424 TI - Cranial computed tomography in subarachnoid hemorrhage: relationship between blood detected by CT and lumbar puncture. AB - We compared the results of cranial computed tomography (CT) and lumbar puncture (LP) in patients who had subarachnoid hemorrhage due to proven ruptured intracranial aneurysm. We found no correlation between the number of red blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid collected by LP and the amount and extent of blood detected by CT. PMID- 7217425 TI - In vitro investigation of gallstones with computed tomography. AB - An in vitro investigation of gallstones from 25 patients using computed tomography (CT) was performed). An abdominal phantom was constructed and filled with a matrix with an attenuation value equivalent to normal liver. A condom filled with water and positioned within the phantom simulated the gallbladder. Gallstones were placed in the condom and were scanned, radiographed, measured, and inspected. All gallstones were detectable by CT as filling defects within the condom having CT attenuation values higher or lower than water. Attenuation values ranged from +178 to -188 CT units (scale, +500 to -500). Gallstones containing calcium settled to the bottom of the condom, while calculi containing gas filled fissures rose to the top of the condom. PMID- 7217426 TI - CT patterns of mural thrombus in aortic aneurysms. AB - The computed tomography (CT) scans of 71 cases of arteriosclerotic and/or dissecting aortic aneurysms (33 thoracic, 25 abdominal, and 13 thoracoabdominal) were analyzed. Enlargement was seen in all cases, and deformity of aorta was found in 92%. Mural thrombus was evident on CT in 86% of the cases, and its pattern was classified into eight types. The most frequent was the ring type (Type A) followed by the left crescent thrombus (Type H) and the left posterior crescent thrombus (Type D). Calcification was found in 60 cases, and intraluminal calcification was seen in 14 cases. PMID- 7217427 TI - Computed tomography diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma. AB - Six computed tomography examinations were performed on four patients: two of them had tuberous sclerosis, and the other two had solitary angiomyolipomas. Computed tomography is an easy way of diagnosing tumoral hemorrhages and thus facilitates the supervision of patients with tuberous sclerosis. In two patients, the authors observed dense masses that might have indicated cartilage deposits. PMID- 7217428 TI - The first rib as the cause of a "pulmonary nodule" on chest computed tomography. AB - A protuberance arising from the first rib may simulate a pulmonary nodule on computed tomography of the chest. The typical location of this density should suggest its true nature, which may be confirmed by a frontal chest radiograph. PMID- 7217429 TI - Evaluation of complex acetabular fractures by computed tomography. AB - We report two cases that illustrate the value of computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of complex fracture-dislocations of the acetabulum. PMID- 7217430 TI - Computed tomography versus angiography in the localization of pheochromocytoma. AB - We report eight patients studied by computed tomography (CT) and arteriography and one patient studied by CT only and compare the value of both methods in the preoperative localization of pheochromocytoma. Single adrenal tumors were found in six adults (four were right sided and two were left sided). A 15-year-old child had bilateral adrenal tumors, and a 12-year-old child had a left adrenal tumor. An extraadrenal pheochromocytoma was found in another adult patient. Computed tomography demonstrated all but one tumor (a right adrenal lesion measuring 2.5 cm in the child with bilateral pheochromocytomas, both well shown by angiography). Arteriography, including subtraction films, demonstrated all but one tumor (an avascular extraadrenal pheochromocytoma measuring 4 x 8 cm well shown by CT). We believe that both CT and angiography contribute significant information in the preoperative evaluation of patients suspected of harboring a pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7217431 TI - Bilateral pseudocystic pheochromocytoma. AB - A case of bilateral pheochromocytoma presenting as primarily cystic suprarenal masses is reported. The computed tomographic manifestations, possible etiology, and differential diagnosis of these cystic suprarenal lesions are discussed. PMID- 7217432 TI - Computed tomography in the demonstration of hepatic pseudoaneurysm with hemobilia. AB - Pseudoaneurysm with hemobilia is an infrequent complication of blunt hepatic trauma. The definitive test for demonstrating an aneurysm is hepatic angiography. The potential value of contrast enhanced computed tomography in defining the surgical approach and demonstrating coexistent hematoma and abscess is illustrated in a case of posttraumatic hemobilia. PMID- 7217433 TI - CT appearance of rheumatoid pericarditis. AB - In patients with rheumatoid arthritis who develop symptoms of right heart failure, it is important to consider rheumatoid involvement of the pericardium because untreated rheumatoid pericarditis is often fatal. In addition to echocardiography and right heart catheterization, computed tomography affords a method of detecting pericardial effusion or a markedly thickened pericardium. PMID- 7217434 TI - Primary Chylopericardium: combined lymphangiographic and CT diagnosis. AB - A case of primary chylopericardium is reported, and the usefulness of combined computed tomography and lymphangiography diagnosis of lymphatic leakage is demonstrated. PMID- 7217435 TI - Value of the prone position in detecting pulmonary nodules by computed tomography. AB - Computed tomography of the lungs is usually performed in the supine position. The prone position may add important information by countering the effects of gravity on pulmonary vascularity. In addition, better expansion of the posterior lung fields may be achieved in the prone position than possible when the patient lies supine. Three cases are presented in which the prone scan provided significant additional diagnostic information affecting interpretation. PMID- 7217436 TI - Evaluation of coarctation of the aorta by computed tomography. AB - We used computed tomography (CT) after contrast medium administration to evaluate three adult patients with coarctation of the aorta. In preoperative scans, CT showed the aortic narrowing and deformity and the poststenotic dilation associated with coarctation. In postoperative examinations, CT was used to check for residual or recurrent narrowing and for the development of complications such as aneurysm or dissection. Since CT is noninvasive, it can be performed as an outpatient procedure. Its potential applications and its limitations with respect to aortography are discussed. PMID- 7217437 TI - The visualized interventricular septum on cardiac computed tomography: a clue to the presence of severe anemia. AB - Severe anemia (10 g hemoglobin or less) will provide sufficient negative contrast on computed tomography (CT) to visualize the intracardiac chambers or lumina of large blood vessels. In the presence of secondary hemochromatosis, imaging of the interventricular septum can be due to excess cardiac iron (hemochromatotic cardiomyopathy) or the underlying transfusion-dependent anemia. Five percent glucose/water may be a satisfactory negative contrast agent for cardiac CT. PMID- 7217438 TI - Pleural calcification in pancreatitis demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - Three cases of pleural calcification associated with pancreatitis are reported, each of which showed bilateral basal curvilinear calcification. There was no known history of asbestos exposure. Although pleural effusion due to pancreatitis is well known, pleural calcification has not been recognized previously as a complication of this disease. PMID- 7217439 TI - Computed tomography of the nonvisualizing gallbladder. AB - A prospective computed tomography (CT) study of a group of patients suspected of having gallbladder disease was performed. Ten patients were evaluated who had gallbladder nonvisualization on two consecutive oral contrast medium administrations. Evaluation of the gallbladder and common bile duct by CT disclosed specific abnormalities including gallstones, unsuspected common bile duct obstruction, and acute and chronic cholecystitis. Additional information on the physiologic processes involved in gallbladder nonvisualization is offered. PMID- 7217440 TI - Computed tomography in inflammatory mass lesions following acute pancreatitis. AB - The computed tomography findings in 10 patients with pseudocysts or abscesses following acute pancreatitis are described. Computed tomography was of great value in demonstrating the type and extension of the pancreatic lesion. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was attempted in six cases, and the information gained about the pancreatic disease hardly justified the potential hazards of pancreatic duct filling. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography may be indicated to demonstrate calculi of the bile ducts when other methods have failed. PMID- 7217441 TI - Relative value of computed tomography and ultrasonography in the assessment of renal angiomyolipoma. AB - Imaging studies on six patients with known angiomyolipomas were reviewed to determine the contribution of each imaging modality to the preoperative diagnosis. A spectrum of clinical presentations from asymptomatic patients with tuberous sclerosis to acutely ill patients with flank pain and hypotension was included. Findings varied from multiple, small, bilateral intrarenal masses to single larger masses with extrarenal components. Computed tomography (CT) identified fat containing masses in all cases. Ultrasound showed hyperechoic masses in all four cases in which it was utilized. In addition, CT allowed diagnosis of associated hematomas and additional angiomyolipomas not seen on other studies. Ultrasound provided a noninvasive follow-up method without the use of ionizing radiation. PMID- 7217442 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of carcinoma of the ovary. AB - Over a 26 month period, 34 patients with histologically proven ovarian malignancy were studied by computed tomography (CT). In nine patients, CT was obtained for evaluation of a pelvic or abdominal mass. Computed tomography was diagnostic of ovarian malignancy in seven and indeterminate regarding the origin of the tumor in two patients. Ten patients were evaluated by CT in order to rule out recurrent ovarian neoplasm. Disease free intervals prior to CT ranged from 6 to 36 months with an average of 18 months. In eight surgically proven cases, CT was true positive for recurrent tumor in six patients, true negative in one, and false positive in one. In 20 patients, serial CT examinations were valuable in the objective assessment of measurable tumor response following chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A major limitation of CT was its inability to detect peritoneal and liver surface implants smaller than 2 cm in size. PMID- 7217444 TI - CT demonstration of cerebral emboli. AB - Four cases of cerebral emboli diagnosed on computed tomography as foci of increased density are discussed. The emboli were calcified in at least two cases. Both cardiac and carotid sources contributed dense emboli, which were seen to lodge at typical scan sites: near the anterior cerebral artery bifurcation (two cases) and in the middle cerebral artery horizontal segment-trifurcation region (two cases). PMID- 7217443 TI - Computed tomography of sponges retained after laparotomy. PMID- 7217445 TI - Diagnosis of internal jugular vein thrombosis by computed tomography. AB - Internal jugular vein thrombosis was diagnosed by computed tomography in three cases. In all cases, selective catheterization of the internal jugular vein was avoided. Rapid intravenous infusion of contrast material was made to obtain prolonged blood iodine levels, allowing sufficient time to scan the neck adequately. PMID- 7217446 TI - Lipomas of the corpus callosum associated with frontal dysraphism. AB - Using computed tomography (CT), we have been able to identify the combined occurrence of lipoma of the corpus callosum and dysraphic lesions associated with frontal bone defects in two cases. In one case, there was a true encephalocele, and in the other case a lipoma with cartilaginous tissue was present. Such combinations are very rare; thus, the impetus to report these cases. The disorganization of the central nervous system was extensive in the first infant and was associated with profound developmental delay, while the second infant had much less anatomical abnormality, and development to date is normal. Bony defects (on skull films), typical appearances of lipoma of the corpus callosum, and characteristics of the dysraphic lesions (on CT) were seen. Angiography was obtained in the infant with a true encephalocele. PMID- 7217448 TI - Automatic outlining of regions on CT scans. AB - A computer software system for automatic outlining of borders between regions of differing CT numbers on computed tomography scans has been developed. The technique was originally intended for application in defining inhomogeneities for radiation therapy treatment planning; however, several other applications are possible. The system scans an image using a simple threshold model to locate initial outline points and then completes the outline with a border-following algorithm. Results of the automatic outlining system are given along with histograms of the enclosed regions, demonstrating several further applications of these techniques. PMID- 7217447 TI - Technical aspects and clinical applications of CT/X, a dynamic CT scanner. AB - CT/X is an X-ray computed tomographic scanner system designed for research in the clinical applications of rapid sequence scanning. The minimum scan time is 1.5 sec, and up to 18 images of the same cross section can be derived from scans taken over a 30 sec time interval. With this high image rate, the transit of a bolus of iodinated contrast medium can be followed through any cross section of the body. Rapid sequence scanning through a series of contiguous levels can also be performed, and 12 levels can be scanned in less than 50 sec. The short aggregate scan period minimizes the likelihood of interslice patient motion resulting in high quality multiplanar images. To fully exploit this capability, an imaging facility capable of reformatting axial transverse display data into a plane of arbitrary orientation has been incorporated into the system. A computer electrocardiographic interface is also provided for use in retrospective cardiac gating. The capabilities of the scanner are illustrated with selective clinical studies. PMID- 7217449 TI - Right aortic arch with left descent. AB - A right aortic arch may descend either to the right or left of the spine. When the aorta crosses from right to left posterior to the esophagus, the findings on plain chest film and barium swallow studies may simulate those of a mediastinal mass, especially in older patients. Although aortography is definitive, computed tomography can accurately display the retroesophageal aorta, allowing rapid and hazard free diagnosis. PMID- 7217451 TI - Adrenal myelolipoma demonstrated by computed tomography. PMID- 7217450 TI - CT demonstration of septic thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 7217452 TI - Right perirenal hematoma secondary to a leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7217453 TI - Computed tomography in duodenal rupture due to blunt abdominal trauma. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has become a useful procedure in the evaluation of abdominal trauma, since it is able to detect abnormalities in contour or tissue density of the major abdominal and retroperitoneal organs and spaces. Cases have been reported demonstrating the usefulness of CT in evaluating splenic, renal, and hepatic hematomas, retroperitoneal hemorrhage, spinal injuries, and traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. We describe a patient with traumatic rupture of the duodenum in whom CT played a key role in the diagnosis. PMID- 7217454 TI - Coronary aneurysm. PMID- 7217455 TI - Xanthomatous meningioma. PMID- 7217456 TI - Lumbosacral intradural lipoma. PMID- 7217457 TI - Computed tomography of cervical disk disease: technical considerations with representative case reports. AB - The authors describe their technique for computed tomography (CT) of cervical disk herniation and related disease. The importance of correct position and slice thickness is emphasized. Representative cases of cervical disk herniation are reported to illustrate these technical considerations and the capability of CT in this disease. PMID- 7217458 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging symposium. Nashville, Tennessee, October 26-27, 1980. Proceedings. PMID- 7217462 TI - Cross-validation of the Jesness Inventory with delinquents and nondelinquents. PMID- 7217461 TI - Differences in measures of personality and family environment among black and white alcoholics. PMID- 7217459 TI - Inhibition of cholera toxin activation of the adenylate cyclase system in intact HeLa cells. AB - Cholera toxin treatment activates the adenylate cyclase in intact HeLa cells. However, pretreatment of the cells with chemicals known to inhibit receptor internalization and lysosomal processing blocks the toxin activation. The agents found to inhibit the effect of cholera toxin include methylamine, ammonium chloride, chloroquine and dansylcadaverine. These chemicals did not affect either the binding of )125I)-cholera toxin to HeLa cells nor the ability of A1 peptide to activate the adenylate cyclase in plasma membrane preparations. We conclude that these chemicals act on the processing of the toxin subsequent to its binding and that internalization and lysosomal processing mediate the release of the active fragment from cholera toxin, which activates the adenylate cyclase system. PMID- 7217460 TI - Preparation of GTP sensitive adenylate cyclase from luteinized rat ovaries. AB - Previous studies have shown that human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation of rat ovarian adenylate cyclase activity is enhanced but not augmented by GTP. Extraction of crude rat luteal membranes with 2M urea induced a GTP augmentation of hCG stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity of 3.5 fold. This augmentation of hormonal stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by GTP was not accompanied by a decrease in hormone binding such as has been observed with other hormonally stimulated adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7217463 TI - Intelligence, personality, and criminal violence: a multivariate analysis. PMID- 7217465 TI - Length of stay and program component effects in the treatment of alcoholism: a comparison of two techniques for process analyses. PMID- 7217467 TI - Time urgency, type A behavior, and effect strength. PMID- 7217466 TI - Reply to Douglas Davis. PMID- 7217468 TI - Neuropsychological correlates of asthma: brain damage or drug effects? PMID- 7217464 TI - Treatment outcome as a function of follow-up difficulty in substance abusers. PMID- 7217469 TI - Neuropsychological correlates of asthma: effect of hypoxia or drugs? PMID- 7217470 TI - Gender, alcoholism, and neuropsychological functioning. PMID- 7217471 TI - Cross-validation of an index of premorbid intellectual functioning in children. PMID- 7217472 TI - A validity study of the Hooper Visual Organization Test. PMID- 7217473 TI - Emetic and electric shock alcohol aversion therapy: assessment of conditioning. PMID- 7217474 TI - Parallel forms of the IJR Behavior Checklist for parents, teachers, and clinicians. PMID- 7217475 TI - Behavior of high, moderate, and low test anxious students during an actual test situation. PMID- 7217476 TI - Marital violence: characteristics of abusive couples. PMID- 7217477 TI - Alcoholic subtypes and treatment effectiveness. PMID- 7217478 TI - Abusive and nonabusive parental treatment from the child's perspective. PMID- 7217479 TI - Utility of WISC--R subtest analysis in discriminating among groups of conduct problem, withdrawn, mixed, and nonproblem boys. PMID- 7217481 TI - On the relation of clinical research to clinical practice: current issues, new directions. PMID- 7217480 TI - Premorbid competence in schizophrenia: what is being measured? PMID- 7217482 TI - Critical dimensions in the choice and maintenance of successful treatments: strength, integrity, and effectiveness. PMID- 7217483 TI - Realistic dependent measures for clinical use. PMID- 7217484 TI - Drawing valid inferences from case studies. PMID- 7217485 TI - Single case experimental design and empirical clinical practice. PMID- 7217487 TI - Clinical research, practice, and the crisis of confidence. PMID- 7217486 TI - Empirical clinical psychology: myth or reality? PMID- 7217488 TI - The MMPI and chronic pain. PMID- 7217489 TI - Lateral preference patterns as a discriminator of learning difficulties. PMID- 7217490 TI - Role of spouse involvement in the behavioral treatment of overweight women. PMID- 7217492 TI - Empirical validation of the Marital Satisfaction Inventory: an actuarial approach. PMID- 7217491 TI - The dyadic parent-child interaction coding system: standardization and validation. PMID- 7217493 TI - Spouses as observers of the events in their relationship. PMID- 7217495 TI - Identifying violent offenders using a video measure of interpersonal distance. PMID- 7217496 TI - Sensation seeking and chronic public drunkenness. PMID- 7217494 TI - Another look at fear of death. PMID- 7217497 TI - Relation of level of ego development to type and severity of psychopathology. PMID- 7217498 TI - Psychological problems of spinal cord injury patients: emotional distress as a function of time and locus of control. PMID- 7217499 TI - Development of a paper-and-pen form of the Halstead Category Test. PMID- 7217500 TI - The relationship between maladaptive cognitions and social anxiety. PMID- 7217501 TI - College norms for the Leary Interpersonal Checklist. PMID- 7217502 TI - Split-half reliability and item-scale consistency of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. PMID- 7217503 TI - A psychometric investigation of the standard and short form Beck Depression Inventory. PMID- 7217504 TI - Surgical treatment of recalcitrant chronic paronychias of the fingers. PMID- 7217505 TI - The pedunculated malignant melanoma: a misunderstood and neglected variant. AB - A case of a truly pedunculated malignant melanoma is described. It is a rare form of malignant melanoma. Accurate description of it and statistics of its frequency are difficult to come by in the literature because of the prevailing confusion between this form and the "polypoid" type of malignant melanoma. PMID- 7217507 TI - Malignant hemangioendothelioma of the skin. AB - Three cases of malignant hemangioendotheliomas in elderly individuals are recounted. All of them died shortly after onset of the malignancies in spite of radical surgery in one; radical surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in another; and chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the third. Findings from studies of specimens of the malignancies by conventional microscopy, histochemistry, and electron microscopy are described. PMID- 7217508 TI - Excision of a malignant neoplasm from a lower lip and reconstruction by a step technique of flaps. AB - A step technique of flaps is described, illustrated, and recommended for full thickness defeats of up to two-thirds of the lower lip. The mobility of the lip, the sphincter function of its musculature, and cosmetic result of the reconstituted lips were found to be excellent from such a procedure. PMID- 7217506 TI - Pedunculated malignant melanoma. AB - A malignant melanoma in the form of a pedunculated lesion is so rare that it may not be thought of in differential diagnosis and thus may be overlooked and undertreated. PMID- 7217510 TI - Soft-tissue resection for ingrowing toenails. AB - Soft-tissue resection was carried out on 25 toes of 20 patients who had suffered recurrence of ingrowing toenails following avulsion of their afflicted nails. A cure rate of 60% was achieved. The virtue of the procedure is discussed. PMID- 7217509 TI - Surgical correction of deformities on upper oral lips and lower eyelids. AB - Two cases of deformities on upper lips, one from a neurofibroma and another from spontaneous regression of a hemangioma, and two cases of ectropion caused by scars resulting from infection in one and radiodermatitis in the other were corrected surgically. The methods of correction are described and illustrated. PMID- 7217511 TI - Unusual appearances of cancers in the skin. AB - Markedly unusual appearances of cutaneous cancers are uncommon, but they deserve comment upon for reasons other than their appearances. Ten unusual cases are illustrated and briefly commented upon. PMID- 7217513 TI - Assessment of host resistance in critically ill surgical patients by the response to recall skin antigens. AB - The cell-mediated immunity (CMI) of 47 critically ill surgical patients admitted to an Intensive Therapy Unit was assessed by their response to recall skin antigens and found to be markedly reduced. Thirty-seven patients showed no reaction to initial skin testing (NR), and there were 21 deaths in this group. Ten patients reacted (R) to initial skin testing and only one of these patients died (p less than 0.025). Repeat skin testing was performed on 22 NR patients. Eight became R on repeat testing and there was one death in this group, whilst 14 remained NR and there were 11 deaths in this group (p less than 0.025). The major clinical difference between R and NR patients was a greater incidence of severe sepsis in the NR patients. These findings suggest that the use of recall skin antigens to assess CMI may be a valuable investigation in critically ill surgical patients and that initial and persisting failure to react to skin tests is associated with a poor outcome. PMID- 7217512 TI - Progress in the management of fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 7217514 TI - Studies on the ultrastructure of blood cells and the microaggregate fraction in stored human blood. AB - Electron microscopy of citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) buffered bank blood performed over 21 days shows that the normal architecture of erythrocytes, platelets and leucocytes disappears and that deformed organelles, leucocyte "ghosts", cell fragments and microaggregates accumulate. Leucocytes and platelets emerge as the most sensitive indicators of blood deterioration showing profound morphological changes from the first day. Microaggregates which passed through a 20-micrometer high capacity transfusion filter were identified as platelet conglomerates, leucocyte "ghost" and platelet-leucocyte "ghost" coaggregates with diameters of 6--20, 20--30 and 30--40 micrometers respectively. Of these aggregates present in the filtrate, 62% fell into the size range of 20--40 micrometers. The composition of microaggregates varies with storage time, the platelet conglomerates appear first during or after Day 1, leucocyte "ghosts" after Day 5 followed by platelet-leucocyte "ghost" coaggregate formation. At this stage the number of intact leucocytes and platelets is reduced and the filtrate shows an abundance of leucocyte debris. Microfiltration would thus appear to reduce but not eliminate the danger of microembolism and damage to capillary endothelium. PMID- 7217515 TI - A multicenter study of ICU drug utilization. AB - As part of a view of hospital practice a sample of medical records of 15 intensive care units were analysed for the following items: reason for and origin of admission, age, sex, full pharmacological history, length of stay, clinical outcome, discharge diagnosis. Antibiotic therapy, steroid use for shock, problems of hemostasis, and cardiovascular drugs are areas where an active intervention appears to be specifically needed. Interhospital differences in diagnostic and general care criteria, documentation of inappropriate therapeutic practice, lack of reliable data registration gave occasion for an extensive discussion with clinicians leading to decisions on exclusion of drugs from hospital formularies, organization of information programs and of controlled clinical trials. The application of simple techniques of drug utilization review has proved a useful, inexpensive tool for creating favourable conditions for wide scale improvement of therapeutic practice. PMID- 7217516 TI - Fiberbronchoscopic retrieval of an aspirated laryngoscope bulb. PMID- 7217517 TI - Demonstration of phrenic nerve paralysis and its subsequent recovery by ultrasound. PMID- 7217518 TI - A solid-state ventilator alarm. PMID- 7217519 TI - Measurement of the 2f1-f2 cubic difference tone with the binaural masking-level difference. AB - Stimulus-like properties of the 2f1-f2 cubic difference tone (CDT) were examined by determining whether a binaural masking-level difference (BMLD) could be obtained for a 500-Hz physical tone to one ear and a CDT of the same frequency to the other ear. Masked thresholds for the physical tone (signal) were obtained as the phase of this tone varied through 360 degrees relative to harmonically related primaries (f1 = 625 Hz, f2 = 750 Hz). A continuous low-pass (2000 Hz) diotic noise comprised the masking stimulus. The level of this noise was varied to establish thresholds in a two-interval same-different adaptive procedure with the primaries occurring in both observation intervals. In keeping with other stimulus-like properties of the CDT, the results show BMLDs of 10-13 dB. Additional BMLDs were obtained with a method of adjustment to derive phase and level estimates of the CDT as a function of primary level. These estimates are compared to cancellation estimates obtained from the same subjects. Both BMLD and cancellation estimates of CDT level show a 10-dB growth in the CDT with each of 10-dB increase in primary level. However, cancellation-level estimates are consistently above corresponding BMLD-level estimates, greater by an average of 4 14 dB, depending on the subject. BMLD and cancellation estimates of CDT phase show a near-identical dependence on primary level, decreasing by an average of 5 degrees/dB. The agreement between the two procedures argues against the notion that the phase dependence is the result of confounding peripheral interactions between the cancellation tone and the primaries in the cancellation procedure. PMID- 7217520 TI - Factors in the discrimination of tonal patterns. III. Frequency discrimination with components of well-learned patterns. AB - Estimates of the effectiveness of selective auditory attention were obtained by adjusting the level of a target tone, which was presented as one 40-msec component in a ten-tone sequential pattern. When the levels of target and nontarget tones were the same, frequency-discrimination thresholds (delta f/f) following prolonged training varied from 0.01-0.02 for minimal-uncertainty testing conditions to 0.1-0.2 under high trial-to-trial stimulus uncertainty. The functions relating frequency discrimination to target-tone level are widely separated for the two conditions; comparing them, we conclude that the effects of selective auditory attention can be equated to a 50-dB variation in signal level. Patterns that had been well-learned during the minimal-stimulus (remembered standard) procedure. The results of these latter experiments are consistent with a "top-down" processing interpretation in which well-learned patterns are first identified to locate the portions requiring further resolution. PMID- 7217521 TI - Vowel formant frequency characteristics of preadolescent males and females. AB - This report describes the vowel formant frequency characteristics (F1-F4 of five vowels produced in a fixed phonetic context) of 42 seven and eight year old boys and girls and the relationship of vocal tract resonances to several indices of body size. Results showed that the vowel resonances of male children were consistently lower than those of females, and that the extent of the sexual differences varied as a function of formant number and vowel category. Average across all measured formants of all five vowels, the overall sexual distinction was approximately 10%. The range of differences extended from about 3% for F1 of /i/ to 16%for F1 of /ae/. Measures of body size were always significantly related to these children's formant frequencies (range in multiple r's -0.506 to -0.866). The origin of the sexual differences in vocal tract resonance characteristics is discussed with reference to differences in vocal tract size and articulatory behaviors. PMID- 7217522 TI - Perceiving vowels in isolation and in consonantal context. AB - Recent studies have shown that vowels tend to be identified more accurately in consonantal context than in isolation. This contextual advantage is often explained perceptually, e.g., by assuming that the formant transitions associated with the consonants convey significant vowel information. In two experiments with stylized synthetic speech patterns, we were unable to replicate the contextual advantage. These negative results were probably due to certain unnatural stimulus characteristics. In another experiment we used natural speech stimuli to assess whether nonperceptual factors associated with the identification task contribute to the contextual advantage. Subjects responded to the test items either by (a) circling written CVC syllables, (b) circling written isolated vowels, or (c) vocally mimicking the items (a task that we assume imposes minimal memory load on subjects). Of these response conditions, only the first yielded an advantage for vowels in context, suggesting that the effect depends on two factors: Stimulus response compatibility and memory load. PMID- 7217523 TI - Predicting consonant confusions from acoustic analysis. AB - Acoustic measurements of nonsense syllables in quiet and in noise were used to predict the pattern of consonant confusions made under those conditions. Eleven sets of nonsense syllables were presented to normal-hearing subjects in quiet and at a +5 dB speech-to-noise ratio, at five speech levels. A set of acoustic characteristics of the speech stimuli were chosen for analysis and measured using digital processing techniques. Results of the recognition task revealed significant effects of consonant voicing, position and vowel context on syllable recognition. The performance-intensity function of the quiet condition rises more steeply than the function obtained in noise. The effect of noise on consonant recognition is dependent upon the manner in which the consonant is produced, and the location of maximum constriction. Differences in the absolute values of the acoustic parameters of syllable pairs were used to predict their percentage of confusion. A set of acoustic variables was isolated which was found to be the best predictor of confusion percentages. Although the sets of acoustic variables were different for various syllable types and test conditions, three variables (consonant energy, consonant spectral peaks, consonant-to-noise ratio) were used in a majority of the predictions. PMID- 7217524 TI - Linguistic timing factors in combination. AB - This study attempts to determine the ways in which linguistic timing factors combine with each other in the production of English and specifically, to test and explore aspects of the timing model of Klatt [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 1208 1221 (1976)]. In two experiments the tensity feature of a sentence stressed vowel and the voicing of the following stop were changed along with a variable that alters the length of the VB syllable. The duration of both the vowel, V, and the following stop closure, C were measured. In the first experiment either one or two unstressed syllables are added to the word and in the second speaking tempo is changed. The significant results of both experiments are accounted for with a formal timing model that separately specifies (1) the Vm + C duration (where Vm = mean duration across the two vowels /i/ and /I/) depending on tempo or word length, (2) the ratio Vm/C depending on the voicing of the stop (/b/ or /p/), and (3) as a final ordered step, a rule that adjusts the vowel length by a constant ratio depending on the identity of the vowel. This integrated model provides for (1) the "incompressiblity" effects, (2) prosodic properties, and (3) the constant V/C ratios for values of the voicing feature found in perception experiments. PMID- 7217525 TI - Effects of vocalic formant transitions and vowel quality on the English [s]-[s] boundary. AB - The effects of the vocalic portion of fricative-vowel syllables on the perception of alveolar and palatal fricatives were examined. The fricative noises were synthesized to represent a continuum from [s] to [s]; the vowels ranged from [u] to [i] through [1] and [u]. The vocalic formant transitions were of two types, those appropriate to [s] and those to [s]. All stimuli were presented in forced choice labeling tests. The boundary between [s] and [s] for English-speaking listeners was found to vary as a function both of transitions and of vowel. The effect of the transitions was clear and straightforward: An ambiguous fricative noise was heard more often as [s] before [s] transitions, and as [s] before [s] transitions. The quality of the vowel clearly had an effect, but the interpretation of the effect in terms of the perception of coarticulation was not clear. The responses of listeners who were unfamiliar with languages which use [u] and/or [1] distinctively were not significantly different from those of listeners who were familiar with such languages. PMID- 7217526 TI - Dependence of the ultrasonic scatter coefficient on collagen concentration in mammalian tissues. AB - The difference between literature values of ultrasonic attenuation and absorption coefficients, defined as the scatter coefficient, was related to percent wet weight collagen concentration for brain, heart, liver, kidney, and tendon, in the range of 0.7 to 7 MHz. The comparison shows that as the ultrasonic frequency increases, the scatter coefficient increases, and the dependence of scattering upon collagen concentration decreases. PMID- 7217527 TI - Acoustic reflex thresholds in young and elderly subjects with normal hearing. AB - This study replicated Silman's [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66 (1979a)] experiment comparing acoustic reflex thresholds in normal hearing young and elderly subjects. The original study was modified so that the criterion for normal hearing was extended through 8000 Hz, and the range of auditory thresholds among the younger group was selected to approximate those of the elderly subjects as closely as possible. The data confirmed those reported by Silman, showing an elevation of the ART for broadband noise, but nor for tonal activators in the elderly group. PMID- 7217528 TI - Stop identification from vocalic transition plus vowel segments of CV and VC syllables: a follow-up study. AB - In a recent article in the Journal [L. C. W. Pols and M. E. H. Schouten, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64, 1333-1337 (1978)], it was concluded that perception experiments which present CV syllables with the consonant bursts deleted invoke a "click sensation" and that this sensation has a deleterious affect on the perception of the consonants. In order to directly assess the "click sensation" hypothesis, a computer-based speech editing system was used which smooths onsets and offsets of stimuli and therefore eliminates the possibility of an acoustic click. Subjects identified voiced and voiceless stops from vocalic transition + vowel stimuli edited from CV and VC syllables. The findings were as follows: (1) Consonant identification from vocalic transition + vowel segments in VC syllables was significantly greater than that from vocalic transition + vowel segments in CV syllables; and (2) The superiority of the scores for VC vocalic transition + vowel segment was found for both voiced and voiceless stops, but it was not as great for voiced stops. Although there are differences in magnitude of findings between this study and those which employed other deletion techniques, the reliability and direction of the results were similar. The results do not support the "click sensation"hypothesis and suggest that other mechanisms must account for differences between CV and VC syllables in the perception of sound segments. PMID- 7217530 TI - The 101st Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 18-22 May 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7217529 TI - Identification of deleted plosives: The effect of adding noise or applying a time window (a reply of Ohde and sharf). AB - A Letter in this Journal [Ohde, R. N. and Sharf, D. J., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 69, 297-300 (1981)] deals with the identification of voiced and voiceless stops from vocalic transition + vowel stimuli edited from CV and VC syllables. The segmentation points were smoothed by applying a time window. With respect to an earlier study, in which straightforward segmentation without time window was applied, final plosives were still identified better than initial plosives. The present Letter shows that there is, however, one major difference between the with-window and the no-window condition, namely a substantial improvement in identification for initial voiced plosives. This improvement is similar to that found by the present authors in identification experiments with a noise burst adjacent to the segmentation point versus no-noise listening conditions. Instead of a controversy reported by Ohde and Sharf, this Letter suggests a unifying interpretation. PMID- 7217531 TI - Air pollution evaluations using risk assessment methodology. PMID- 7217532 TI - Personal exposure to respirable particulates and sulfates. PMID- 7217533 TI - Developmental patterns of aggressive and withdrawn behavior in childhood: a possible method for identifying preschizophrenics. AB - The generality of results from high-risk studies of the children of schizophrenics may be limited. Studies of preschizophrenics suggest that an alternative approach to the identification of populations at risk involves the selection of children high on aggression and withdrawal. Aggressive children, withdrawn children, aggressive-withdrawn children, and nondeviant controls were identified by peer ratings of 4,110 children in grades 1, 4, and 7. The probability of identifying aggressive withdrawn subjects decreased as grade level increased, while the probability of identifying aggressive subjects and withdrawn subjects increased with age. Peer-rated likability of the aggressive-withdrawn group decreased systematically as grade level increased, in contrast to likability scores for other groups. Teachers rated the aggressive-withdrawn group as more deviant on scales of external reliance, inattention-withdrawal, unable to change tasks easily, and slow to complete work. Mothers described this group as more deviant on scales of distractibility, pathological use of senses, and need for adult contact. These results suggest that especially at older ages, children who are both aggressive and withdrawn represent a less mature, less socially skilled group that is potentially at risk for poor adjustment later in life. PMID- 7217534 TI - The relationship between parent-youth interaction and delinquency in group homes. AB - Interactions between the youths and group home parents in 10 group homes were directly observed during a 2-hour session in each home. These observations were compared to questionnaire measures of the youths' self-reported delinquency while in the group home, and their evaluation of the group home program. The results indicated that over the 10 homes there was a strong inverse correlation between mean self-reported delinquency and the average amount of time youths spent taking to (rs = -.95) and in proximity to (rs = -.81) their group home parents. Talking to group home parents also showed a positive correlation with the youths' evaluation of their group home program. Similar trends were found when the correlations were computed over individual youths, although the magnitudes were reduced. These data may have implications for our understanding of the relationship between parenting behaviors and delinquency, as well as for the improvement of group-home treatment programs. PMID- 7217535 TI - Social perspective-taking and adjustment in emotionally disturbed, learning disabled, and normal children. AB - Preadolescent emotionally disturbed, learning-disabled, and normal boys were compared on social perspective-taking and behavioral measures to examine possible contributions of social cognitive deficits to children's adjustment problems. Antisocial-prosocial and withdrawn-gregarious behavior dimensions were studied through subscales derived from teacher ratings. Results indicated that across all groups, high perspective-taking was associated with significantly less withdrawal than was low perspective-taking; within groups, this finding was significant only for the emotionally disturbed boys. Contrary to theoretical assumptions, antisocial behavior was not significantly related to perspective-taking across the sample. Among emotionally disturbed boys, relatively higher affective perspective-taking was significantly correlated with higher antisocial behavior. This positive correlation for the emotionally disturbed group was significantly different from the nonsignificant negative correlation between antisocial behavior and perspective-taking among normals. Findings for learning-disabled boys were intermediate between results for emotionally disturbed and normal boys on both perspective-taking and behavioral measures, and the learning-disabled group generally did not differ significantly from either other group. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 7217536 TI - The incidence, prevalence, and severity of behavior disorders among preschool aged children in day care. AB - This study examined the incidence, prevalence, and severity of 14 empirically derived externalizing (unsocialized aggressive) and internalizing (socially withdrawn) behaviors among 2- through 5-year-olds attending day care. Teacher ratings were obtained for 558 children in the incidence sample and 709 children in the expanded prevalence sample. Within each age, data were cross-tabulated by sex of child and severity of behavior, and chi-square analyses were computed. Results indicated that a substantial proportion of children in the normal pre school population exhibit relatively high severities of selected externalizing and internalizing behaviors; this proportion varied with the age of the child and the behavior rated. Preschool-aged boys were consistently rated as demonstrating greater frequencies of externalizing behaviors than preschool-girls. The diagnostic and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7217537 TI - Evaluation of the relative effectiveness of methylphenidate and cognitive behavior modification in the treatment of kindergarten-aged hyperactive children. AB - This study of kindergarten-aged hyperactive children evaluated the effects of three modes of treatment in relation to an untreated control group. The treatments were administered over a 3-month period and included cognitive behavior modification, methylphenidate, and the two treatments combined. A follow up assessment was done approximately 1 year later at the end of the first grade. Analyses of psychological, rating scale observational, and interview data showed that hyperactive children became less symptomatic over time; the data did not provide evidence indicating that any of the treatments studied was more effective than any other or than no treatment at all. PMID- 7217538 TI - Hyperactivity and pediatrician diagnoses, parental ratings, specific cognitive abilities, and laboratory measures. AB - Children diagnosed as hyperactive and treated for hyperactivity by private pediatricians were compared to a large unselected sample of children on parental ratings of behavioral problems (Conners Symptoms Rating Questionnaire), laboratory measures (a week-long assessment of locomotion as measured by pedometers, sustained attention, selective attention, fidgeting, and aggressiveness), and 10 tests of specific cognitive abilities (verbal reasoning, spatial reasoning, memory, and perceptual speed). Test-retest reliability was obtained for all measures. The results indicated that pediatrician diagnoses of hyperactivity are related to parental ratings but not to laboratory assessments. Diagnoses by private pediatricians may include more heterogeneous and nonspecific behavioral problems than diagnoses made in most research contexts. Pediatrician diagnoses were related to deficits in specific cognitive abilities, most notably perceptual speed and verbal ability. Hyperactivity as diagnosed by private pediatricians may reflect deficits in skills necessary to pace oneself appropriately in school-related tasks. In general, these results suggest that the criteria and methods used to diagnose hyperactivity deserve greater attention. PMID- 7217539 TI - ties"ties". AB - The diagnostic category of learning disabilities is a heterogeneous one, but few empirical attempts have been made to distinguish subgroups. Recent research, however, suggests that it may be meaningful to discriminate between "hyperactive" and "nonhyperactive" learning-disabled children. In the present study, 21 learning-disabled children identified as "hyperactive" through teacher nominations and ratings were compared to 15 learning-disabled children identified as "nonhyperactive" in the same manner. The two groups differed on rated behavior, birth order, amount of prescribed stimulant medication, amount of psychosocial stress, and Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale WISC-R IQ scores. They did not differ, however, on several demographic variables, the number of perinatal complications, reading achievement, and a number of tonic and phasic measures of autonomic activity. These findings support the distinction between "hyperactive" and "nonhyperactive" subgroups of learning-disabled children, but suggest that the two subgroups may have a similar biological substrate. PMID- 7217541 TI - The effect of time-out release contingencies on changes in child noncompliance. AB - This project evaluated the effect of time-out release contingencies on changes in child noncompliance to maternal instructions. Twenty-four clinic-referred, non compliant, preschool children served as subjects. Each child was assessed under baseline conditions and then under one of three experimental conditions: Parent Release, Child Release, or Control. Children in the Parent Release and Child Release conditions experienced time-out contingent upon noncompliance. Temporal and behavioral time-out release contingencies were present in the Parent Release condition but not in the Child Release condition. A spanking procedure was used to inhibit premature escape from time-out for children in Parent Release group. The results indicated that both time-out groups demonstrated increased compliance ratios. However, improvement associated with the Child Release condition was considered to be clinically insignificant. PMID- 7217540 TI - Learning-disordered children's evoked potentials during sustained attention. AB - Evoked potentials and performance of 19 learning-disordered (LD) and 19 normally achieving children were studied in two versions of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). In both CPT procedures, LD children made more errors of omission and commission than did normal children. Evoked potential differences between groups were especially prominent in the more difficult BX version of the CPT. LD children displayed significantly smaller late positive components (LPC) of the evoked potential to critical stimuli in the task. There were no LPC differences between diagnostic groups for noncritical stimulus categories. The results suggest a deficit in behavioral and cortical indices of sustained attention among LD children. PMID- 7217542 TI - Factors influencing maternal choice of childbirth alternatives. PMID- 7217545 TI - Depression in hospitalized pediatric patients. PMID- 7217544 TI - Assessing psychopathology in children of psychiatrically disturbed parents: A pilot study. PMID- 7217543 TI - Folic acid and B12 in autism and neuropsychiatric disturbances of childhood. PMID- 7217547 TI - The personal and interpersonal significance of menarche. PMID- 7217546 TI - Differential effects of parent training and stimulant medication with hyperactives: A progress report. PMID- 7217548 TI - Mothers' reactions to their newborn infants. PMID- 7217549 TI - Anorexia nervosa: A quantitative approach to follow-up. PMID- 7217550 TI - Child psychiatry perspectives. Child development research and child analysis. PMID- 7217551 TI - Early infant social interaction with parents and strangers. PMID- 7217552 TI - The facilitating effect of claustral experience on the speech of psychogenically mute children. PMID- 7217554 TI - Growth hormone, prolactin, and growth responses in hyperkinetic males treated with d-amphetamine. PMID- 7217553 TI - Secrets and the secretive mode. PMID- 7217556 TI - Effect of a helping skills transfer program on dietitians' helping behavior. AB - The ability to form effective helping relationships clients constitutes an essential element in dietary counseling. Still, little evidence exists which supports the fact that dietitians have the necessary communication skills to achieve this end. This study evaluates an attempt to have nutrition students use skills in their dietary counseling sessions to facilitate the development of helping relationships. Results showed that students previously trained in helping skills significantly increased the use of verbal responses which convey a willingness to help and an accurate understanding of clients' problems. PMID- 7217557 TI - Protein, amino acid, and caloric intakes of selected pregnant women. AB - Toxemia of pregnancy is characterized by a combination of at least two of the following clinical symptoms: hypertension, edema, and proteinuria. In three successive trials over three consecutive years, the dietary intakes of a selected number of young pregnant women attending a Maternal and Infant Care Clinic at Tuskegee Institute were evaluated for protein, amino acids, and total calories. Women with toxemia were identified, and women without toxemia served as controls. The toxemic group generally consumed more protein than the controls, but values were statistically significant only in the first trial. However, all essential amino acids were consumed in significantly greater amounts by the toxemic group. Protein and essential amino acids were consumed in adequate amounts (at least two thirds of the RDA) by both groups but in amounts smaller than the national average. Non-essential amino acids were also consumed in adequate amounts, with the toxemic group consuming larger quantities than the controls. Caloric intakes were adequate for young pregnant women. The relationships of glucosuria and of toxemia to protein and amino acid intake were similar and were opposite to the relationship of anemia to protein and amino acid intake. Meats and grains contributed the greatest quantity of protein and amino acids to the diet in all groups. Data seem to imply that any relationship of protein and amino acids with toxemia of pregnancy is a complex one involving several possibly interrelated nutritional parameters. PMID- 7217555 TI - Nutritional concerns in the alcoholic. AB - In summary, nutritional concern of alcoholics as viewed by the patient differ from the concern of his/her nutrition and health advisers. Between alcoholics, nutritional concerns differ with age, sex, and life style. Caloric excess, obesity, nutrient overload, and a whole spectrum of nutritional deficiencies are found in alcoholics. Causes of malnutrition are complex. Malnutrition is commonly associated with prior alcoholic damage to tissues. Vulnerability for specific syndromes of nutritional deficiency is dependent on genetic predisposition. Optimal response to nutritional rehabilitation requires abstinence, as no nutrient or combination of nutrients will protect tissues from alcoholic damage. However, moderate intake of alcoholic beverages may offer some protection against coronary heart disease. PMID- 7217558 TI - An evaluation of five indexes of relative body weight for use with children. AB - Five weight-to-height indexes frequently used in independence from height and age, with a sample of children. Four of the indexes failed to control for variations in the proportions of lean body mass and adipose tissue in children of different ages or heights. One index, the weight-for-length index, was found to be a reliable measure of relative body weight for use either in a clinical setting or in research. In order to test the validity of these findings, the same procedures were repeated with a second sample of children. In addition, the triceps skinfold thickness measurement was tested for reliability. Although the results for the first and second samples differed somewhat, the final conclusion of the study was that the weight-for-length index was the most reliable measure of relative body weight for children and youth. PMID- 7217559 TI - Serum cholesterol of 6-year-olds in relation to environmental factors. AB - Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels of 84 6-year-old children who have ben participants in a longitudinal diet and growth study were measured. These results were than related to past and present environmental factors. There appeared to be a slight inverse relationship between childhood activity levels and the 6-year olds' serum cholesterol levels. Serum cholesterol levels at age 6 were significantly correlated with intake of dietary cholesterol at this age. A relationship between infant feeding and serum cholesterol levels at age 6 was not substantiated. PMID- 7217562 TI - Hospital dietetics in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 7217561 TI - Chinese traditional food therapy. AB - Chinese food therapy has endured and evolved from the beginning of Chinese civilization to the present day. Basic tenets central to food therapy such as "curing and nourishing come from the same source" and "when you eat, satisfy only seven-tenths of your hunger" have been passed down from generation to generation. Dietetic practice today must take into consideration and respect many of the ancient beliefs for maximum effectiveness with many of today's Chinese. PMID- 7217560 TI - Nutritional status of patients with hemophilia. AB - The nutritional status of 57 patients with hemophilia was studied at the South Texas Comprehensive Hemophilia Center, San Antonio. Dietary and anthropometric analyses were assessed as part of the nutrition evaluation. Calcium and vitamin A were two nutrients whose consumption was most often reported to be below one-half of the RDA. No statistically significant difference in caloric or nutrient intake was found between below-poverty income level groups. Participation in supplemental food programs produced some improvement in dietary intake. Some patients with hemophilia were overweight and some were underweight for their heights. When the weights of patients with hemophilia were compared to standards for age-adjusted ideal, desirable body weight, more than one-half of the subjects 25 years old or older exceeded the weight range for large frame men. Weight control should be emphasized for the patients who lead a sedentary life because of the physical limitations imposed by the complications of hemophilia. PMID- 7217563 TI - Position paper on recommended salaries and employment practices for members of the American Dietetic Association. PMID- 7217564 TI - Registration examination: content validity study. PMID- 7217565 TI - Leadership and quality in nutritional care: our role in today's world. AB - As the only profession whose sole concern is the application of nutritional science in the lives of people, we are responsible for leadership in the provision of high quality nutritional care for the people of the world. Meeting our responsibility requires true professionalism as specialists and generalists at both the individual and the Association level. Our client systems must include all those who wield power in influencing nutritional practices. The lone dietitian in a small hospital is as much a part of our overall endeavor as the nutritional policy maker at the international level. PMID- 7217566 TI - A protocol for nutritional assessment in a community hospital. AB - A nutritional assessment protocol established by the Metabolic Support Service of three Chicago community hospitals has aided the support teams in providing optimal nutritional care. The assessment procedure described includes evaluation of the somatic and visceral protein compartments, cell-mediated immunity, and nitrogen balance. Through weekly repetitions of these indexes, nutritional assessment has become the objective basis for the diagnosis of the type and degree of malnutrition as well as the basis for the selection of the appropriate nutritional support and the evaluation of its effectiveness. PMID- 7217567 TI - Protein, iron, and folate status of patients prior to and following surgery for morbid obesity. AB - Food intake recall and biochemical and anthropometric measurements were used to determine protein, iron, and folate nutritional status of 12 patients before and four months after gastric bypass surgery. Post-surgery intake of the nutrients was significantly lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowances. Highest levels of serum folate were observed after surgery, while serum iron levels showed no significant changes. Deficit protein intake, very low creatinine-height index, and significant changes in anthropometrics all indicated the loss of body mass. Serum transferrin levels did not differ significantly, suggesting visceral proteins were intact. PMID- 7217569 TI - Influences on food decisions across the family life cycle. AB - The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the family life cycle on factors that influence food habits. Three hundred thirty-six married couples representing our four family life cycle were randomly selected and interviewed. Each partner was asked how important 14 different sources of influence were on his/her food decisions. Sources of influence included media, classes, government information, significant others, and financial and health concerns. These sources had their greatest impact on young families who were establishing family food habits. Impact of these influences changed only moderately for other life cycle stages, indicating more stabilized food habits for these marriage partners. Wives were more influenced than husbands in each life cycle stage. Health concerns, cost, and nuclear family members were the most important sources of influence. Information from the media, government, food classes, and extension had little to moderate influence. PMID- 7217570 TI - Dietetic performance evaluation: establishment of validity and reliability. AB - Performance evaluation as conducted among a number of raters using several evaluation tools requires the qualities of content validity and interrater reliability to be fair and effective. A procedural model was tested and implemented by faculty and students in the Coordinated Undergraduate Program (CUP) at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. A checklist for evaluation of employee counseling techniques achieved an intraclass correlation of 0.72 when used by clinical instructors in a series of workshops. The procedure included development of a form, its use in a standardized situation, discussion, calculation of intraclass correlation, and review. The model is suggested for implementation in any program from which established validity and reliability in evaluation are desired. PMID- 7217568 TI - Pantothenic acid content of 75 processed and cooked foods. AB - Seventy-five foods in a ready-to-eat state were analyzed for pantothenic acid using a new radioimmunoassay. Meats, potatoes, oat cereals, tomato products, and whole grains were among the better sources of pantothenic acid, supplying from 2 to 9 mg. per 1,000 kcal. Fruit products and corn-based and presweetened cereals were among the poorest sources of the vitamin. Results of the study suggest a need for careful selection of foods for pantothenic acid content by individuals on a low-energy diet. PMID- 7217571 TI - Macrostructure of selected raw starches and selected heated starch dispersions. AB - The similarities and differences between raw starches and heated starch-water dispersions were determined pictorially using a scanning electron microscope. The photomicrographs showed that raw unmodified starches ranged from small and round to large and ellipsoidal in shape, with variation in uniformity and smoothness of the surface. Heating of corn and wheat starch in water dispersions caused swelling of the starch granule, some exudate, and eventual loss of original granule integrity. The scanning electron microscope is a sensitive, useful tool to evaluate changes which occur in starch systems. PMID- 7217572 TI - Diet modifications and behavioral changes for bariatric gastric surgery. AB - Gastric bypass and gastroplasty are effective in causing a reduction in weight averaging 55 percent of excess weight, 30 percent of initial weight, or 40 kg. in morbidly obese patients. Education in appropriate eating habits helps patients to lose weight and results in fewer complications. Patient education should emphasize behavioral changes, which include eating slowly and chewing well to prevent blockage, vomiting, and disruption of the staples and sutures. High calorie beverages and frequent snacking should be avoided. Three meals per day eaten slowly and in a pleasant atmosphere will satisfy hunger. Gastric bariatric surgery makes the morbidly obese responsive to instruction. Dietitians have an important part to play in this rapidly expanding and effective treatment of a group of patients who until now have been ignored and rejected. PMID- 7217573 TI - Dietary analysis with programmable calculator: a simplified method. AB - The use and applications of programmable calculator in dietary analysis are presented. Results which approximate those of large computers can be obtained with considerably less time, money, and data manipulation. Program flexibility allows operators to determine the number of foods and nutrients to be analyzed. Input, data checking, and results of total nutrient consumption are achieved within minutes. The dietary analysis described in this article is well suited for small hospitals and clinics, for teaching purposes and dietary surveys and for use by non-nutritionists who have a one-time or regular need to incorporate dietary information into their work. PMID- 7217574 TI - Field experience for community nutrition students. AB - A cooperative project was undertaken by university community nutrition students and Montgomery County, Maryland, school food service personnel. Although such projects can be extremely beneficial as learning experiences for students, care must be taken to limit their scope to the level and the time available to the students. School food service staffs cannot expect such projects to provide manpower resulting in detailed scientific studies; however, school food service programs can benefit from the observations made by students. PMID- 7217575 TI - In-basket exercise to teach computer-assisted food systems management. PMID- 7217576 TI - America in the 1980s: 10 major changes ahead. AB - At least 10 major developments will substantially change our country, our lives, our livelihoods, and our families in the 1980s. Despite all of our immediate and visible problems, if we Americans follow sensible policies of government deregulation, of capital formation, of energy conservation, and energy development, then the economic, the political, and the social future of the United States in the revolutionary 1980s is absolutely dazzling. PMID- 7217577 TI - Nutrition data collection in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Baseline nutrient intake of a randomized population. AB - Selected preliminary baseline nutrient intake data for volunteers participating in the MRFIT study have been presented. Because of the unique selection criteria applied, nutrient intake trends described may not be generalized to the overall population. Nonetheless, present-day trends in this particular group seem to be toward dietary intakes lower in total fat, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol and higher in polyunsaturated fat than those documented in earlier studies. Thus, utilizing the dietary methodology which has evolved through NHLBI's ongoing program of research investigations, it appears that the health-conscious men randomized into the MRFIT were already consuming diets somewhat more prudent than those in an earlier generation of studies. PMID- 7217578 TI - Validity of a dietary score for assessing nutrient adequacy. AB - An evaluation of 212 24-hour dietary intakes showed than an assessment using a nutrient adequacy score and comparing actual nutrient intakes to Recommended Dietary Allowances was similar to an assessment with a dietary score based on food groupings. This suggests that the simple dietary score can be substituted for the more complete and time-consuming dietary analysis when program effectiveness is evaluated. PMID- 7217579 TI - Use of regression adjustments for ascertaining nutrient intakes. AB - Occasionally, in nutritional studies using human subjects, a representative subsample is taken from the entire study sample, and nutrient intake data are ascertained by two methods, with one method assumed to be more accurate than the other. For logistic reasons, intake data for the remaining subjects in the study sample are ascertained by the less accurate method only. The objective is to predict the intake data for the more accurate method in the entire study sample on the basis of the statistical information obtained in the subsample. This article presents a regression-adjustment method for accomplishing the foregoing objective. PMID- 7217580 TI - Fatty acid content and composition of infant formulas and cereals. AB - The lipid content and fatty acid composition of commercial infant formulas and cereals were determined. The lipid content of formulas ranged from 3 to 7 percent by weight and provided from 30 to 47 percent of the total calories supplied by the formula. The fatty acd distribution in several formulas was similar to that of fat in human milk. Linoleic acid, ranging from 13 to 53 percent, supplied from 5.7 to 24 percent of total calories. The infants' requirements for linoleic acid (2.7 percent of total calories) would be adequately satisfied by any of the commercial formulas. No significant level of trans fatty acid isomers was found in any commercial formula. Infant cereals had low levels of fat, with 21 to 49 percent of the fatty acids being linoleic acid. PMID- 7217581 TI - A systems model for food purchasing. AB - The approach taken in this paper of isolating seasonal characteristics of products and then using that information to determine when those products should be ordered to minimize the system's purchasing costs appears to be valid. A drawback to using this approach, however, is acquiring appropriate data. The authors used data which they believed to be appropriate for thier market purchasing environment but which are not necessarily valid for other locations and/or environments. The prospective user of this model must find and obtain data suitable for the environment and isolate those products which appear seasonal. Only a small percentage of the items used possess any seasonal properties. There is also the obvious problem of using past data to determine future outcomes. Past price patterns do not necessarily continue into the future, although they should be at least indications, barring unusual farm and/or market situations. As with all decision modeling approaches, however, this model should be followed with caution. While the approach is valid, the procedure is no substitute for knowledgeable management of food service functions. Results from the model should provide additional input to guide food purchasing decisions but should not be used unequivocably. When property used, however, this procedure will allow food buyers to come closer to the goal of optimally purchasing food products from a systems point of view then is currently possible. PMID- 7217583 TI - Content analysis: an approach to evaluating nutritional care. AB - A research panel utilized content analysis techniques for quantifying the content of nutritional care plans developed by senior level dietetic students. The content was organized into six subject matter categories relevant to sociocultural and physical factors: cultural, economic, physical, psychological, religious, and social. The average score of six coders was used in determining the content. Content analysis proved to be an effective method of evaluating the content of nutritional care plans and could be further utilized in dietetic education to help dietetic students apply the theories learned in the classroom to actual patient care. PMID- 7217582 TI - Curriculum evaluation: a crucial component of dietetic programs. AB - The Nominal Group Technique was used to evaluate the existing CUP curriculum at Louisiana Tech University. Forty-five persons involved in the program participated in one of three workshops. The nominal group process successfully generated ranked and weighed "problem" statements to be addressed in program revision. The NGT allowed input from all individuals, leading to the clinical practitioners "owning" the crucial clinical experience component of the coordinated undergraduate program. PMID- 7217584 TI - Employment in Europe for dietitians. PMID- 7217585 TI - Professional ethics: reflection and anticipation. PMID- 7217586 TI - Nutritional status of elderly participants in a congregate meals program. AB - This study was conducted to determine the nutritional status of elderly subjects participating in a congregate meals program. Twenty-four-hour recalls, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical determinations were the criteria used to determine nutritional status of the 30 volunteers. Information regarding use of dietary supplements was also obtained. Ninety-three percent of the participants consumed diets providing at least 70 percent of the RDA for the 13 nutrients calculated. Seven percent consumed diets rated as "poor," but none of the participants consumed diets supplying less than 54 percent of the RDA. Twenty seven percent of the sample reported daily use of dietary supplements. Height, weight, mid-arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and abdominal circumference were measured. The incidence of obesity was high, with 42 percent of the women and 78 percent of the men being over 119 percent of ideal body weight. Mid-arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and abdominal circumference data agreed with the weight-for-height data. The incidence of obesity was greater in this study than in other studies cited, and, as was not the case in other studies, the incidence of obesity was greater in men. Biochemical determinations included hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum albumin, serum folate, ascorbic acid, and vitamins A, B6, and B12. Comparison of biochemical data with accepted standards indicated that the nutritional status of the participants was adequate. PMID- 7217587 TI - Discriminators of perceived dietary adequacy among the rural elderly. AB - Elderly persons living in rural bypassed areas may be at particular risk for dietary problems. Discriminant analysis was used to determine whether rural persons who perceived their diets as adequate could be distinguished from those who did not, on the basis of economic, psychological, social, and health-related variables. Perceived dietary problems were found to be associated with changes in diet, inadequate income, poor self-rated health, lower morale, less satisfaction with social visits, and race. Findings indicate the importance of health and economic status to perceived dietary adequacy and the interrelatedness of the variables affecting perceptions of diet. PMID- 7217588 TI - Variables affecting productivity in food service systems of nursing homes. AB - Data were collected in food service systems of 14 nursing homes to measure and correlate 16 variables hypothesized to affect quantitative productivity, defined as minutes per meal equivalent. Analysis of data showed that as two variables- ratio of the number of employees to full-time equivalent positions and total labor hours--increased, minutes per meal equivalent increased; thus quantitative productivity decreased. As four variables--turnover of full-time employees and of all employees, ratio of number of residents to full-time equivalent worker, and total meal equivalents served--increased, minutes per meal equivalent decreased; thus quantitative productivity increased. PMID- 7217589 TI - Effect of heating rate and freezing and reheating of corn and wheat starch-water dispersions. AB - In this study, evaluation of scanning electron micrographs emphasized that a heated starch-water dispersion is sensitive not only because of the type of starch but also to the mode of heating, cooling, and reheating. Differences in granule appearance were seen with both corn and wheat starch-water dispersions when they were heated at different rates. Both freezing and reheating influenced the starch-water dispersions. Microwave oven reheating appeared to yield a product with more retrogradation of the starch component. For an understanding of the effect of temperature-time stresses on this common ingredient, starch, much more study is needed. PMID- 7217590 TI - Development and evaluation of a new nutritional care plan model. PMID- 7217591 TI - Nutrition education for nursing home residents. PMID- 7217592 TI - Nutrition education program for nursing home staff. AB - A questionnaire was developed, tested, and revised to produce an instrument ot measure the effect of a nutrition education program on the staff of a nursing home in future studies. The results of the questionnaire were recorded for future comparisons with similar groups. The results of this study showed that there were positive changes in nutrition information for staff members receiving the program as well as changes in their attitudes about assuming responsibility for food choices of residents. The Job Satisfaction Index for the 33 subjects filling out the pre-test questionnaire showed a below normal score for work, pay, and co workers and a normal response for supervision and promotion. The number of subjects was too small for statements of significance, but the possibility for change shown in this study seems to indicate that the method should be used in a larger population study. The lesson evaluations indicated that the material was well presented and well received. The staff responded very positively to the videotape, Meals: Then and Now, and to the opportunity to use role-playing to practice using information received in the nutrition education program to improve and support adequate dietary intake by residents. In this project we explored the possibility of using a nutrition education program for the staff of a nursing home, non-professional as well as professional, in order to create an awareness and a change in attitude concerning their role in the nutritional care of the elderly resident. At the end of the last nutrition education lesson, 78 percent of the staff members felt able to talk to residents about their attitudes toward meals served at the nursing home and to encourage residents to make good food choices. PMID- 7217593 TI - The A.D.A. role delineation for the field of clinical dietetics: 1. Philosophical overview and historical background. AB - "Role delineation" involves identifying responsibilities and supporting skill and knowledge components which must be demonstrated by practitioners as they deliver quality services. As part of its efforts to meet demands for competent clinical dietetic practitioners, the American Dietetic Association conducted a role delineation study for entry-level clinical dietetic personnel. A.D.A.'s efforts in role delineation are situated in the history and future needs of the profession. This investigation was federally funded to identify the "actual" and "appropriate" role responsibilities and supporting skills and knowledge for clinical dietetic personnel. A series of assumptions delimit the conditions underlying role performance. To address the needs of A.D.A. members and organizational entities, immediate use of the A.D.A.-endorsed study products is planned. PMID- 7217594 TI - The A.D.A. role delineation for the field of clinical dietetics: 2. Methodology and summary of results. AB - Drawing upon the experience of previous contractors with the Division of Associated Health Professions, A.D.A. project staff and consultants designed and implemented a study methodology suited to the unique characteristics of the profession. To delineate the "actual" entry role of clinical dietetics and develop an informational base for further research, project staff compiled qualitative data which were subsequently analyzed by the Working Committee, using structured group decision-making processes. Next, a survey was administered to dietetic and other health professionals to form a data base of opinion on the degree to which clinical dietetic personnel should be accountable for the performance of specific responsibilities. Using group decision-making processes, the "appropriate" entry role responsibilities and supporting skills and knowledge for clinical dietetics were delineated by filtering data through the professional judgment and expertise of the Working Committee. Practice levels were identified, and skill and knowledge statements were weighted for degree of importance, again using structured group decision-making techniques. Two practice levels of the entry role were delineated: clinical dietitian and clinical dietetic technician. Through a process involving the Advisory and the Working Committees, project documents were refined for implementation by the profession. PMID- 7217595 TI - Macrodactyly of the lower extremity: a review with two case reports. PMID- 7217596 TI - Utilization of epinephrine-containing anesthetic solutions in the toes. PMID- 7217597 TI - The Buckle point and the metatarsal protrusion's relationship to hallux valgus. PMID- 7217598 TI - The incidence and antimicrobial treatment of infections of the foot. PMID- 7217599 TI - Plantar fibromatosis and fibrous hamartoma: two unusual cases. PMID- 7217600 TI - Frostbite with main reference to the feet: a case report. PMID- 7217601 TI - The podium. PMID- 7217602 TI - Assessing peer review for research. PMID- 7217603 TI - The controversy of corrective shoes. PMID- 7217604 TI - From insight to change. PMID- 7217605 TI - The bipolar self. PMID- 7217606 TI - Psychoanalytic perspectives on the "more disturbed" adolescent. PMID- 7217607 TI - Reconstruction: its nature and therapeutic value. PMID- 7217608 TI - Some current and recurrent problems of psychoanalytic technique. PMID- 7217609 TI - Notes on the noninterpretive elements in the psychoanalytic situation and process. PMID- 7217610 TI - [Traumatic emergencies in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7217611 TI - [Traumatic and placoid pigment epitheliopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Study of platelet aggregation in 3 cases of placoid pigment epitheliopathy. In 2 of the cases, examination was performed while the lesions were still going on platelet aggregation anomalies were found and these anomalies disappeared when the ocular lesions healed. PMID- 7217612 TI - [Undergoing retinal detachment and primitive ocular hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - In a survey of 907 patients undergoing retinal detachment surgery, primitive ocular hypertension was found in 3,85%. This ocular hypertension was most often bilateral (85,7%) with open angle (88%) and was found at the time of retinal surgery or on the follow up (54,3%). Retinal detachments in these patients offered no particular character. This percentage of 3,85% is not greater than the percentage of primitive ocular hypertensions in a normal population over 40 years old. However the analysis of our data leads us to think that the presence of ocular hypertension increases the risk of retinal detachment when the patient is aphakic. PMID- 7217613 TI - [Fluorescein angiography. Why not in color? (author's transl)]. AB - The Author reminds the possibility to record fluorescein angiography with normal filters in use for black and white angiography on color slide films of high sensibility (400 ASA). The main advantage of this method is that the real fluorescein may be separated from the autofluoresceine and that whole registered frames can be immediately projected on the screen, for example during a laser therapy. PMID- 7217614 TI - [Value of pursuit motor electro-oculography in the investigation of esotropia from strabismic amblyopia (author's transl)]. AB - The value of the pursuit motor electro-oculogram (pendular or linear) in the diagnosis and subsequent therapy of non-accomodative esotropia (not eliminated by optical correction), and presenting a spasmodic element, was studied in 164 cases of unoperated esotropia and 47 cases operated upon using a conventional technique and "Cuppers'thread". The contribution and limitations of this electrophysiological method for exploration of ocular motility in esotropia are discussed. PMID- 7217615 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the rectus medialis and lateralis oculi muscles (author's transl)]. AB - The arterial vascularization of the rectus medialis and lateralis oculi muscles was studied in cadaver following the injection of a stable suspension of radiopaque barium sulfate in the internal carotid artery. This straightforward and reliable original technic allows a good visualization of the arterial branches assigned to the muscles at the time of the orbital dissection. The arterial pedicles intake points inside the muscles are optionally placed on the level with the posterior two-third and generally they are more posterior for the lateral rectus than the medial rectus. We have then removed 30 rectus medialis muscles and 30 rectus lateralis muscles for the radioanatomic study of their intrinsic vascularization. Histological tests proved that an impregnation of 10 microns was up to the capillaries and that the vascular structures were respected. We have been able to characterize main and secondary intrinsic arterial pedicles which constitute a very rich anastomotic network. The main pedicles have a central or lateral topography and their distribution is independent of the way the ophthalmic artery crosses the optic nerve. PMID- 7217616 TI - [Double approach of a blow out fracture of the orbital floor (author's transl)]. AB - The authors demonstrate the advantages of a double vestibular and inferior eye lid approach in a case of a blow out fracture of the floor of the orbit associated with a physiologic section syndrome of the sphenoidal hole. PMID- 7217617 TI - [Multiple bilateral pigmented epithelium detachments or atypical vitelliform degeneration? (author's transl)]. AB - A case of bilateral multiple pigment epithelium detachments in a 36 year old man is reported. The value of E.R.G., E.O.G. and fluorescein angiography in the differential diagnosis between multiple serous detachments of the pigment epithelium and multiple vitelliform degeneration is stressed. PMID- 7217618 TI - [Doyne's macular heredodystrophy and benign monoclonal gammopathy. Genetic and pathogenetic correlations (author's transl)]. AB - Doyne's macular heredodystrophy associated with benign monoclonal gammopathy was seen in 4 patients having genetic correlations in 3 generations. One case showed crystalline stromal corneal deposits. Based on this pathological association and the morphofunctional support of the pair, choriocapillaris Bruch's membrane, Doyne's macular heredodystrophy is considered as a symptom of the immunoglobulin deficiency syndrome (IgM). The pathogenicity of Doyne's macular dystrophy and of the secondary drusen is interpreted as a dynamic phenomenon related to all the morphofunctional changes occurring at the level of the choriocapillaris Bruch's membrane, and the pigmented epithelium. PMID- 7217619 TI - [Very useful eyeglasses]. AB - Spectacles with moisture chambers for the treatment of dry keratitis. The dry corneal syndrome is very much improved by the creation of a humid "microclimate" maintained by cutaneous transpiration. The placing of spectacles with sealed shells allows these conditions to be achieved. Post operative glasses for aphakic patients. The placing of optical glasses immediately after surgery of the cataract helps the comfort of the aphake very much. These provisional glasses with lateral shells have adjustable, extensible sides, glasses are interchangeable. Centering is excellent. PMID- 7217620 TI - [Pseudo-tumoral pre-equatorial annular uveitis]. PMID- 7217622 TI - [Electro-oculographic study of vergence movements (author's transl)]. AB - The study of vergence movements imperatively needs a recording method. Nowadays, in spite of its various drawbacks, electro-oculography is the most accurate method for clinical wants. The authors have studied the refixation vergence along a symmetrical inducing axis. With regard to both eyes in binocular and monocular fixations the analysis of a great lot of recordings in normal patients allows to reveal some phenomena unknown till now. In binocular fixation it is usual to notice a physiologic dyssynergy of vergence movements. The monocular fixations bear out evidence that Hering's Law doesn't apply to vergence movements. On the contrary they are submitted to a complete opto-motor dissociation, because the motor responses fully change according to the modalities of inducing visual inputs. In others respects, the analysis of all recordings proves that a vergence movement is made up with two synkinetic phases: a slow phase which was known for a long time thanks to physiological laboratory works; but also a fast phase having a saccadic feature. The fast vergence is related with a monocular visual attraction reflex and it is not bound only to the macular function. PMID- 7217621 TI - [Capsular insertion of Simcoe's implants (author's transl)]. AB - Posterior chamber seems to be the best theoretical place in the eye for the I.O.L. But surgical techniques are often difficult and may be dangerous for the ciliary body. A safer way is described to Simcoe lens implantation. The anterior capsule of the crystalline bag is respected and acts as a Sheet's glide. Two cases prove the capsular fixation of the lens without any touch of the ciliary body. PMID- 7217623 TI - [Comparison of therapeutic activity of idoxuridine and acyclovir in experimentally-induced herpetic keratitis in rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - Antiherpetic activity of a new antiviral agent, Acyclovir (ACV), was compared with that of Idoxuridine (IDU) in the treatment of keratitis induced in rabbits by type I herpes simplex virus (HSV). After topical application for 5 days, both compounds were well tolerated, but ACV was significantly more effective than IDU. Virological tests demonstrated that virus multiplication continued for a shorter period in eyes treated with ACV than in those of controls, or of animals treated with IDU, but early viral regrowth was possible. Using two HSV markers, seroneutralization and thermal sensitivity of cell culture development, variations were observed in a rabbit treated with IDU and in a control animal also. Epithetial regeneration after treatment was assessed by optical microscopy and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Epithelial scarring was observed to be almost complete in rabbits treated with IDU. The correlation between therapeutic, virological, and histological results in positive evidence for the use of ACV in HSV-induced ocular lesions. PMID- 7217624 TI - [Adrenomelanic deposits (after long term use of levoepinephrine) (author's transl)]. AB - A patient treated for open angle glaucoma during six years with levoepinephrine with conjuctival melanin deposits is presented. The histopathologic study shows that the deposits are in cystic cavities, presenting characteristic tinetorial qualities. The biomicroscopic aspect for an accurate diagnosis is emphasized. PMID- 7217625 TI - [The Marfan syndrome with a small body (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of a Marfan syndrome with a small body. This original observation comes from an union witch is equally original, the one of a man who has a Marfan syndrome and measures 1,91 m with a dwarfish woman who measures 1,36 m. PMID- 7217626 TI - [Retinal congenital arterial loop and hemorrhage of the vitreous (author's transl)]. AB - In five young adults, mild vitreous hemorrhage occurred from the area of retinal loops near or on the optic nerve. In all cases, the hemorrhage cleared without further complications. This vascular congenital malformation may be associated with secondary complications more frequently than has previously been reported. PMID- 7217627 TI - [Ophthalmological use of pulsated Neodymium Yag lasers. Preoperative aperture of lenses previous setting in of artificial lenses and opening of secondary cataracts behind implants (author's transl)]. AB - A new laser devised and built by the authors is presented. This cold laser is an ultra rapid pulsed Neodymium Yag laser. Its permits a very fine microsurgery without opening of the eye. The opening of the capsule and the softening of the nucleus are one example of the new laser surgery daily performed in Trousseau's Eye Clinic: all the ocular tissues, even uncolored and semi-transparent may be cut without heat with this laser. The mechanism of the action is clear. According to our studies, under such an irradiation, a local instantaneous energy deposit takes place, total ionization of the medium occurs, resulting in the formation of a plasma screen, then, after an hydrodynamic shock wave develops from the energy zone boundary. The elevation of the temperature at the site of the impact cannot exceed 2.10(-3) degree C, which is totally unharmful. PMID- 7217628 TI - [SF6-gas within the actual retinal surgery (author's transl)]. AB - After a short historical survey the indication and technique of the intravitreal injection of SF6-gas within the limits of the actual retinal surgery are discussed and by means of 10 cases demonstrated. The main indications are the tamponade of 1. oral and preoral gigantic tears, 2. central retinal foramina, 3. equatorial gigantic holes of 1 to 2 quadrants as well as tear groups and 4. SF6 gas as substitute of the vitreous body. PMID- 7217629 TI - [New view points on the pathogenesis and treatment of strabismus. 2nd part: Management of strabismus (author's transl)]. AB - A new method of surgical treatment of strabismus is presented. The desagittalisation of the oblique muscles is the main part of surgery; it is associated to surgery of the horizontal recti muscles and sometimes to surgery of the vertical recti muscles. The surgical procedures are described; the indications are set up for the primary surgery as well as for the secondary surgery which aims at the treatment of under and over corrections. PMID- 7217631 TI - [Trabeculectomy: variants of classical technic (author's transl)]. AB - After eight years of experience the author presents some variants to the Cairns trabeculectomy and states that the typical surgery, without bleb formation, is limited in time. In order to obtain longer lasting and deeper hypotony it is necessary to provoke the formation of bleb means of variations described below. PMID- 7217630 TI - [The use of oblique recession of the horizontal recti muscles in surgery of A and V syndromes (author's transl)]. AB - Without dwelling on the aetio-pathogenesis, which is not known, the author reviews the usual signs and symptoms of A and V syndromes, and outlines the limited conditions in which purely horizontal muscle surgery is justified. Preference is given to oblique recessions over the technique of raising or lowering the muscle insertions. This is not because of better results in correcting the alphabetic syndrome itself, but for two advantages of the former method. These are firstly it being more respectful anatomically, and secondly the torsion induced by the syndrome is corrected rather than aggravated. PMID- 7217632 TI - [Anatomy of the optic pathways]. PMID- 7217633 TI - [Contraception and liberal medical acts. The results of a national enquiry carried out by INSERM 1974-1975 (author's transl)]. AB - The authors examined the part taken by contraception in a liberal practice in France arising out of a national enquiry on liberal medicine in France which was conducted by INSERM in 1975 and which was concerned with the medical activity of a random sample of 1150 doctors carrying out 2 100 total acts. They particularly analysed how these acts were distributed between general practitioners and gynaecologists. It is estimated that in 1975 there were 4.6 million medical liberal acts for contraception in women between 15 and 44 years of age, which worked out at about 1 per person every 8 to 9 months. General practitioners performed about 55 per cent of these acts. The geographical situation (whether it is urban or rural) is the main determinant of the choice of general practitioner or gynaecologist and not the age of the women or their professional activity. Certainly from the point of view of doctors contraception plays an important part in the activity of gynaecologists (20 to 25 per cent of their acts) whereas it remains a weak part of the activity of general practitioners (approximately 1 act every 2 or 3 days). Gynaecologists are inversely busy according to the amount of contraception they practise, but one must consider that there is a balance between contraceptive acts and obstetrical acts. As far as general practitioners are concerned, on the other hand, the year they qualify is the most important, since the younger doctors give up more time for this kind of activity than the older ones. PMID- 7217634 TI - [The placenta of premature births (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective comparative study of 300 placentas of premature births and 300 full term placentas demonstrated that in the former there was a higher frequency of certain types of anomalies: abnormal placental insertion; premature involution of the base plate; signs of fetal hypoxia; placental inflammation. In practice, however, pathological examination of the placenta appears to be of interest only for detecting inflammatory lesions. PMID- 7217635 TI - [Maternal serum levels of cystine-aminopeptidase (C.A.P.) in normal and pathological pregnancies (author's transl)]. AB - The variations of the maternal serum levels of cystine-aminopeptidase or oxytocinase (C.A.P.) have been studied in 399 measurements from 326 pregnant patients, 226 normal pregnancies were used as control and allowed us to set up a range of normal values for the age of pregnancy; the mean levels increase exponentially. It has not been possible from this study to establish conclusively a direct relationship between the C.A.P. levels, or variations of these levels and the onset of a fetal and/or placental pathology. In twin pregnancies only, the levels were constantly elevated. PMID- 7217636 TI - [Selective opacification of the oviduct (author's transl)]. AB - A new procedure of selective opacification of the oviduct is proposed. This technic is easy fast, safe and not painful. Clear visualisation of the oviduct and salpinx is possible in many cases of failure of hysterosalpingography. Obstruction of the oviduct and hysterosalpinx can be demonstrated without any doubt. PMID- 7217637 TI - [The diagnostic value of petrous bones in the fetal scalp (author's transl)]. AB - We studied the orientation of the petrous bones in the fetal scalp in 200 X-ray pelvimetries. It is easy to measure the petrous bones' orientation when the fetal scalp is studied with Thoms view. It is possible to measure the height of the head in the pelvis in the lateral view. We have been able to measure asynclitism in flexion using a calculating machine. It seems to us that these findings are useful for the practical conduct of labour and can be of helpful prognostic value. PMID- 7217638 TI - [Gonad function of women with homogenous karyotype XO or with mosaic form. Five case histories of fertile women (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report five cases of fertile women who have Karyotype XO. After a short review of the classification of Turner's syndrome and of the physiopathology of the defective gonads in these patients, 79 cases in the literature and these 5 cases were reviewed and they allow us: a precise description of the morphology of these patients, which is dominated by the high incidence of small growth and the presence of the various degrees of malformations often found in Turner's syndrome; to study the gonad structure and function of these patients who have spontaneous menstruation. And finally to analyse the prognosis of pregnancies that have occurred in 33 women with an XO clone. These women have not only a raised incidence of spontaneous abortions at 32% but also frequent fetal malformations and chromosome abnormalities in the products of conception. It is therefore vital to carry out early amniocentesis in these patients. PMID- 7217639 TI - [Hepatitis and pregnancy in Tunis. 103 cases compared with 100 cases who were not pregnant (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have reviewed the notes of 103 pregnant women who contracted hepatitis during pregnancy and compared it with a controlled series of hepatitis occurring in 100 women who were not pregnant but were of reproductive age. The mortality rate in the pregnant group was considerably higher than in those who were not pregnant--27 deaths out of 103 cases as against 4 deaths in the control series of 100 cases. The fetal prognosis was very bad in the group of women who died. 3 out of 4 pregnancies resulted in loss of the fetus. It was less bad in those who had mild hepatitis--39.3% lost the fetus and one out of two pregnancies had a premature labour. Loss of consciousness was a very bad prognostic sign. The prognostic value of marked drop in prothrombin and raised white blood counts is emphasized in the cases who died. When the series of women who were pregnant and who survived is compared with those who survived in the control group, the authors found that judgment had to be used carefully in evaluating the prodromal signs in the pregnant women. They found in the two groups that the haemoglobin level and the serial levels of protein and albumen are comparable to those found in developed countries. They conclude that their maternal mortality due to hepatitis was comparable to that reported in underprivileged countries but that "malnutrition" in the broader sense of the term does not explain the serious state of affairs. PMID- 7217640 TI - [Vaginal hysterectomy. Our experience between the years 1970 to 1979 (556 operations) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a series of 556 vaginal hysterectomies carried out between the 1st October 1970 and the 30th September 1979. In the same period they carried out 338 abdominal hysterectomies. The main complication of using the vaginal route consists of the higher incidence of post-operative sepsis. But it is possible to prevent this. The vaginal route, on the other hand has the obvious advantages of speed of operation, less operative trauma, and above all lowering of the risk of thrombo-embolic disease (0.3 per cent as against 1.7 per cent in other reported series). PMID- 7217641 TI - [An index for induction of labour. A scheme based on Parzen's method (author's transl)]. AB - It would seem to be necessary to make a score for pre-induction which would give the highest success rate and which would be available to all members of the obstetrical team, since there has been such a constant increase in the number of indications for induction of labour. Following a study based on 255 inductions the authors have been able to work out a system for calculating the prognosis according to the different classical scores used up till now and they have, after treating the information available, been able to work out a score according to the analytical method of Parzen which allows discrimination. In 95 per cent of cases one can predict the successful outcome by considering just 6 parameters: consistency of the cervix, the height of the presenting part, the length of the cervix, the height of the uterine fundus, and an estimation of the fetal weight and the state of the membranes. A complete list of the group that failed is furnished by the computer which could coordinate each new case in two minutes. As the study concerned itself with only 18 variables, a new study should be carried out on 1,000 case histories which would include some extra parameters such as: tocolytics used in pregnancy, cerclage (Shirodkar's stitch), the psychological state of the mother...which might shift the relative importance of the six variable that have been kept on perhaps even show how a percentage could be worked out of the cases classified using a smaller number of parameters to be taken into account. PMID- 7217642 TI - Lung water and vascular permeability-surface area in newborn lambs delivered by Caesarean section compared with the 3-5 days-old lamb and adult sheep. AB - Extravascular lung water and vascular permeability-surface area products were measured with a multiple indicator dilution method in five unanaesthetized newborn lambs 2 to 7 h following delivery by Caesarean section at a gestational age of 135-142 days. The indicators used were 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes, [125I] albumin, [3H] water and [14C] urea. Post-mortem determination of extravascular lung water and dry bloodless lung weight were also performed. The results were compared with previously obtained data in unanaesthetized 3-5 days-old lambs and adult sheep. Normalized to dry lung weight, extravascular lung water by both techniques was significantly higher in lambs after Caesarean section than in either the 3-5 days-old lambs or the adult sheep (P less than 0.05). (Indicator values = 3.9 +/- 0.2 (SEM) ml/g for Caesarean section lambs, 3.1 +/- 0.3 for 3-5 days-old lambs and 3.3 +/- 0.5 for adult sheep; post-mortem values were 6.12 +/- 0.28 g/g for after Caesarean section lambs, 4.07 +/- 0.26 for 3-5 days old lambs and 4.03 +/- 0.17 for sheep). Vascular permeability-surface area product for [14C] urea, computed by a mathematical model, was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in lambs after Caesarean section than in adult sheep (0.18 +/- 0.02 compared with 0.10 +/- 0.03). In 3-5 days-old lambs the value was 0.16 +/- 0.04. It is concluded that, when normalized to dry lung weight, lung following Caesarean section delivery near the end of gestation. Adult values for lung water have been reached by the age of 3-5 days. PMID- 7217643 TI - Transfer of long-chain fatty acids to the fetal and neonatal lamb. AB - The transfer across the ovine placenta of [3H] palmitic acid, 1-[14C] oleic acid, 1-[14C] linoleic acid and 1-[14C] linolenic acid has been studied in chronically catheterized ewes and fetuses using continuous infusion and single injection techniques. No radioactivity was detected in fetal plasma lipids after continuous infusion of isotope into the maternal circulation and a maximum of 0.04% of the injected radioactivity was transferred to the fetal plasma lipids in a 30 min period following the single injection of isotope into the ewe. No detectable radioactivity was transferred to the maternal circulation after injection of isotope into the fetus. The concentration of fetal plasma free fatty acids was very low (less than 50 mumol/1) and that of esterified lipids was about a third of the concentrations in maternal plasma. Two ewes lambed shortly after the infusion of isotope into the maternal circulation and an appreciable amount of radioactivity was subsequently secreted in milk and transferred to the sucking lamb. It was calculated that up to 50% of the radioactivity from 1-[14C] linoleic acid injected into the maternal circulation could have been secreted in milk in the first month of lactation. About 2 g of linoleic acid was secreted in milk daily. It is concluded that the syndesmochorial placenta is virtually impermeable to long chain fatty acids in both directions and that the most important source of linoleic acid for the developing lamb is from milk during the neonatal period. PMID- 7217644 TI - Evidence for increased susceptibility of Brugia pahangi-infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) to subsequent homologous infections. AB - The effect of existing Brugia pahangi infections on the establishment of a subsequent population was studied using jirds which had pre-challenge infections of 4 and 8 months duration. Necropsies were performed 28 days post-challenge inoculation in order to separate challenge and initial worm populations. The results indicate that existing infections of 4 or 8 months duration increase the susceptibility to subsequent homologous infections. The location of challenge population worms in tissue sites examined did not differ significantly between previously infected and uninfected groups. Previous infections did not affect the early growth of challenge population worms as indicated by their length. PMID- 7217645 TI - Infectivity in rodents of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae of human and murine origin. AB - Experimental infections of white laboratory mice and wild rats (Rattus rattus) with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni of different descent, whether murine or human, demonstrate that there is no significant difference in the probability of maturation of these cercariae into adult schistosomes. These results enable us to hypothesize that the reverse would be true, i.e. that cercariae of murine or human descent would be capable of infecting man with the same success rate. Circulation of the parasite from man to the rat and from the rat to man may therefore occur in natural habitats, which does not mean that rodents can maintain indefinitely and independently Schistosoma mansoni, nor does it mean that murine strains may not evolve locally. PMID- 7217646 TI - The effect of gamma irradiation on Nematospiroides dubius. Factors affecting the survival of worms in a primary infection in mice. AB - The infective larvae of Nematospiroides dubius were exposed to various levels (0 30 krad) of gamma irradiation by means of a Cobalt 60 source. Groups of mice were infected with these larvae and autopsied 5 weeks later for worm counts. It was found that male worms were more susceptible to irradiation than female worms. In both instances, however, the survival curve on a semi logarithmic plot was characterised by a shoulder at low doses and an exponential component at the higher levels of exposure. No male worms were recovered from mice infected with larvae given more than 12 krad but some female worms were capable of surviving 20 krad. The fecundity of female worms was reduced by 61% at 4 krad and totally ablated at 8 krad. Further experiments demonstrated that the survival of irradiated N. dubius in vivo was related to the extent of the damage caused at the time of irradiation and was not dependent on additional host parameters. Thus neither the number of irradiated worms inoculated nor the sex of the host radically altered the sex ratio or proportion of the worms lost as a result of irradiating the larvae. Furthermore, treatment with cortisone or sublethal irradiation of the host did not increase the proportion of surviving worms. It was, therefore, concluded that a host immune response was not involved. PMID- 7217647 TI - The distribution of microfilariae in the skin of Guatemalan onchocerciasis patients: an evaluation of diagnostic potentials. AB - Quantitative examinations for the distribution and density of microfilariae were carried out on male Guatemalan onchocerciasis patients by taking 6 or 13 skin biopsies each from 74 subjects. We found that microfilariae were distributed most frequently on the iliac crest and secondarily in the scapular region; higher detection rates and greater microfilarial densities were seen in these areas. From these results we recommend the taking of biopsies from both of these anatomical regions so as to avoid false negative cases. The infected patients were classified into 3 groups (light, moderate and heavy infections) on the basis of the numbers of negative skin snips out of the 13 biopsies taken. In heavy infections, a higher densities of microfilariae were detected in the head and neck regions, as compared with the densities in the lower extremities (calf). The high concentration of microfilariae in these regions is of importance in relation to the development of eye lesions and/or transmission. Of patients who had microfilariae in the anterior segment of the eye some had negative skin biopsies frm the outer canthus, retroauricular region and neck. PMID- 7217648 TI - Opisthorchis viverrini: partial success in adoptively transferring immunity with spleen cells and serum in the hamster. AB - Three groups of golden Syrian hamsters received intraperitoneally either, (1) 1 x 10(7) spleen cells, (2) 0.5 ml. serum or, (3) 1 x 10(7) spleen cells plus 0.5 ml. serum, from donors infected 6 weeks previously with 25 Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae, one day before and at the same time as challenge with 25 metacercariae. Three groups of control animals received the same quantities of spleen cells, serum or an admixture of both from normal non-infected donors in the same manner followed by challenge with 25 metacercariae. Animals were killed six weeks after challenge, livers and extrahepatic biliary systems carefully removed, and liver worm burdens estimated. Additionally, parasitic egg counts were performed on pooled faeces samples collected one hour prior to death. Animals receiving spleen cells, serum, or an admixture of both, from normal non infected donors had mean worm burdens of 11.44, 12.00 and 12.66, respectively. Animals receiving spleen cells, serum, or both, from infected donors had mean worm burdens of 9.88, 7.77 and 12.00, respectively. There were no significant differences in mean worm burdens between control and experimental groups. However, a substantial reduction in parasitic faecal egg counts and subsequently mean egg production per worm was observed in all 3 groups of animals receiving spleen cells, serum, or both, from infected donors when compared to their respective control groups. These findings are discussed in relation to adoptive transfer studies performed with other helminths and their possible relevance to naturally acquired immunity is commented on. PMID- 7217650 TI - Susceptibility of different species of Lymnaea snails to miracidia of Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica in Iran. PMID- 7217649 TI - The anthelmintic effects of albendazole on Brugia pahangi. PMID- 7217651 TI - The interaction of some environmental factors influencing Schistosoma mansoni cercarial host-finding. PMID- 7217652 TI - Castroia kamariae sp. nov. and Limatulum kuziai sp. nov. (Lecithodendriidae) from the free-tailed bat (Tadarida mops de Blainville) from West Malaysia. AB - Thirteen bats, Tadarida mops de Blainville, collected from the Ampang district in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were found positive for the trematodes Castroia kamariae sp. nov. and Limatulum kuziai sp. nov. Two distinct but morphologically similar forms of Castroia kamariae were recovered. The morphological type is apparently determined by its location in the host intestine. PMID- 7217653 TI - Presence of cholesterol in the neutral lipids of three sheep cestodes. AB - The adult worms of Stilesia globipunctata, Avitellina centripunctata and Moniezia expansa with immature, mature and gravid proglottids and having almost the same length were collected simultaneously from the sheep intestine. Neutral lipid concentration is about 2.2, 1.24 and 18.4% of the dried worm tissue respectively. Cholesterol is 87.8, 85.7 and 88.0% of the unsaponifiable material respectively. PMID- 7217654 TI - The migration of Strongyloides papillosus in rabbits following infection by the oral and subcutaneous routes. AB - For the first 66 hours after the subcutaneous injection of rabbits with the infective larvae of Strongyloides papillosus, larvae spread gradually from the injection site to other parts of the body musculature. Their number and distribution suggests that they do so by the direct penetration of the tissues as the majority remain close to the site of injection. By 90 hours, however, the appearance of larvae in the lungs, trachea and oesophagus suggests that migration is taking place within the circulation. Although some 90% of the total worms recovered were already established in the intestine by 8 days post-infection, significant numbers of larvae continued to be present in the muscles at 14 and 21 days. Even by 35 days the muscles of 1 of 2 rabbits still contained 43 larvae. This prolonged presence of Strongyloides papillosus in the muscle of rabbits uniformly at the early fourth stage may be analogous to the arrested development of other nematodes. While there is evidence to suggest that immunity is a major factor in the aetiology of arrested development in Strongyloides ransomi, it is an unimportant factor in the case of Strongyloides papillosus in rabbits. PMID- 7217655 TI - Linkage between a regulatory locus for melanoma cell differentiation and an esterase locus in Xiphophorus. AB - Linkage between an autosomal regulatory gene Diff controlling differentiation of neoplastic melanophores and an esterase locus, Est-1, has been demonstrated in Xiphophorus. The recombination values between Est-1 and Diff ranged from 21 to 29 percent depending on the melanophore pattern loci Sp, Sd, Sd, and Livar. The average recombination frequency for all genotypes investigated was 25 percent. Since Est-1 and Diff do not assort independently of each other, it is concluded that Est-1 and Diff are both located on the same chromosome. Thus, the Est-1 locus provides a marker for monitoring the presence of the Diff autosome. PMID- 7217656 TI - The human sex ratio and factors influencing family size in Japan. AB - In 1979 sex data were obtained from 861 Japanese students from three upper secondary school (Katsushikano, Ogikubo, and Kiyose) located in the residential, metropolitan area of Japan. Average numbers of children per family were 5.16 for the parental and 2.43 for the present generation. Secondary sex ratios were 106.9 and 104.9 for the parental and present generation, respectively. Neither the similarity or dissimilarity of sexes nor the proportion of males in existing children was significantly associated with family size in the present generation. A significant positive correlation was found between sexes of child 1 and 2 in families of two or more children. None of the other correlations between successive births or between nonsuccessive births was significant. Observed frequencies of combinations of sexes within families of the parental and present generations did not differ from expected frequencies. The family most preferred by both male and female respondents consisted of two children representing both sexes with the first-born being male. The desired families were characterized by an average of 2.35 children and a resulting sex ratio of 122 males: 100 females. PMID- 7217657 TI - Melanin inhibitor: a dominant gene in the domestic cat. AB - Melanin inhibitor (symbol I) is shown to be inherited as a dominant to the wild type and independent of the albino locus. The gene inhibits the formation of melanin in the less intensely pigmented regions of the coat, namely, the agouti areas between the tabby pattern and the proximal portion of the hair. The only regions of the coat to retain pigment are the distal hair of the agouti areas and the tabby pattern. There is considerable variation in the expression of I, particularly upon a nonagouti background. PMID- 7217658 TI - Genetic analysis of the black pigment mutation in the Mongolian gerbil. AB - The black pigment mutation of the Mongolian gerbil is inherited as an autosomal recessive and is not linked to the pigment mutation spotted (Sp). Black gerbils have deep glossy black coats, yellow perineal hairs, and small white patches under the chin and across the front feet. The black hairs are pigmented entirely with eumelanin including numerous cortical granules. The similarities between the black gerbil mutant and various black pigment mutations in mice area discussed. PMID- 7217659 TI - Human chromosomal heteromorphisms in American blacks. I. Structural variability of chromosome 3. AB - Q- and C-band heteromorphisms of chromosome 3 (bands p11 and q11) were compared by QFQ and CBG techniques. In some cases a definite relationship was observed while in others no comparable association could be established. Our observations suggest that bands p11 and q11 of chromosome 3 are not necessarily identical by CBG and QFQ technique. PMID- 7217661 TI - Amphotericin B-induced resistance to Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Amphotericin B (AmB) increases host resistance against several infectious agents and tumors. We evaluated its effect on infections with the helminth Schistosoma mansoni. A single dose of 500 microgram i.p. or 25 microgram i.v. increased resistance in mice to a challenge with 500 or 100 S. mansoni cercariae. Schistosomula recovery from the lungs, 5 days after challenge, was reduced 33 to 40%. Adult worm recovery 8 wk after infection was reduced 36 to 43%, AmB was effective in protecting mice when given from 9 days before until the day of cercarial challenge but was ineffective 2 wk before or at all intervals after S. mansoni infection. To examine the mechanism of this resistance, we obtained peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from animals treated with AmB and assessed their ability to kill schistosomula, the migrating larval stage of the parasite. Killing by adherent PEC 1 or 2 days after AmB treatment was the same as that of resident macrophages from untreated animals. Adherent PEC from animals 3 to 7 days after AmB treatment showed enhanced killing of schistosomula (38.0 plus or minus 3.0% at day 4, which exceeded control of 8.1 plus or minus 4.0%, p less than 0.01). These PEC also displayed increased killing of Staphylococcus aureus. When AmB was added to cultures of resident peritoneal adherent cells from untreated mice at 0.5 microgram/ml to 2.0 microgram/ml (concentrations not toxic to the organism), schistosomula killing was increased 1- to 6- fold. These findings demonstrate activation of murine macrophages by AmB in vitro and in vivo, which results in greater killing of this multicellular parasite and potentially contributes to enhanced resistance to infection. PMID- 7217660 TI - Tests for linkage and other interactions in the honey bee. AB - No linkages were found in 31 new combinations of visible mutants, nor in 5 new combinations with the X locus, conducted mainly with eyeless (e), garnet (g), short (sh), truncate (tr), and wrinkled (wr). Eyeless was epistatic to eye colors; cream (cr), and ivory (i) were epistatic to garnet (g). Selective mortality was invariable with e, sh, and tr, and occasionally with bl, cd, and g. PMID- 7217662 TI - Immunochemical evidence in two haplotypes for at least three D region-encoded molecules, D, L, and R. AB - Sequential immunoprecipitation analyses have defined a new transplantation antigen, designated R, which in addition to the 2 previously isolated D and L molecules is encoded in the D region. All 3 of these gene products are 45,000 m.w. glycoprotein, and each bears a unique combination of specificities as recognized by monoclonal and/or conventional anti-H-2 sera. Three D region products, D, L, and R, have now been isolated from soluble antigens of both the H 2d and H-2q haplotypes. The resulted reported here also indicate that the loss mutant BALB/c-H-2dm2 fails to express both Ld and Rd antigens. Further chemical comparisons of the primary structure of R molecules with D and L molecules will now be necessary to determine whether R antigens are the products of a unique gene, as opposed to a glycosylation or conformational variant of D and/or L molecules. In either case, the discovery of 3 D region-encoded gene products in certain haplotypes raises new questions about the evolution and regulation of expression of H-2 loci. PMID- 7217663 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity to non-MHC alloantigens on mouse epidermal cells. II. Genetic basis of the response of C3H mice. PMID- 7217664 TI - Evidence for IgE-dependent cytotoxicity by rat eosinophils. AB - Human and rodent eosinophils have been shown previously to act as effector cells against Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula by ADCC mechanisms involving IgG antibodies. The present work brings novel evidence for the existence in rat schistosomiasis of an IgE-eosinophil dependent cytotoxicity mechanism. The role of IgE antibodies present in the rat serum after 6 weeks of infection was clearly established by immunoadsorption and inhibition experiments, whereas the participation of IgG and complement in this system could be ruled out. Mast cell products, including ECF-A tetrapeptides, appear to play an essential role in significantly increasing eosinophil cytotoxicity. A kinetic study of the IgG dependent cytotoxicity mechanism previously described and of this IgE-mediated mechanism according to rat schistosomiasis revealed the preeminent role played by IgG antibodies in early infection, whereas IgE predominated after 6 wk of infection. The possible significance of IgE-eosinophil cooperation in ADCC mechanisms in parasite and nonparasite models is discussed. PMID- 7217665 TI - Activation of the early components of the classical complement pathway under physiologic conditions. PMID- 7217666 TI - Immune response to phosphorylcholine. VIII. The response CBA/N mice to PC-LPS. AB - CBA/N mice and F1 crosses of CBA/N X BALB/c with the CBA/N phenotype respond to immunization with PC-LPS with a PC-specific and an anti-bridge antibody production. The PC-specific response in defective CBA/N and NBF1 is devoid of the IgG3 subclass and is not T15 idiotype dominant, whereas normal BALB/c and nondefective NBF1 mice express the T15 dominantly in their anti-PC-LPS response. By the criteria of responsiveness to PC-LPS only and the absence of dominant T15 expression, the precursors in defective NBF1 mice for TI-1 antigen PC-LPS can be characterized as being immature B cells similar to those found in neonatal livers of normal BALB/c or in spleens of chronically idiotype suppressed BALB/c mice. This analogy suggests that the developmental defect in CBA/N mice becomes active during the maturation process before selection for clonal dominance occurs and specialization of precursors for the preferred expression of the IgG3 subclass is completed. Alterations in the T cell compartment may contribute to the immature nature of B cells in the sex-linked immunodeficiency of CBA/N mice. PMID- 7217667 TI - Different functions for specific guinea pig IgG1 and IgG2 in the lysis of sheep erythrocytes by C4-deficient guinea pig serum. PMID- 7217669 TI - Interaction of C-reactive protein with artificial phosphatidylcholine bilayers and complement. AB - We have examined the interaction of C-reactive protein (CRP) with model membranes and complement. Binding of CRP to multilamellar liposomes or unilamellar vesicles of egg-phosphatidylcholine required the presence of lysophosphatide in the bilayer. The binding was Ca++-dependent, could be inhibited by phosphocholine, and resulted in activation of the classical complement pathway. A weak interaction between CRP and agarose was observed, which was also CA++-dependent and could be inhibited by phosphocholine and galactose. In addition, incorporation of galactocyl cerebroside in phosphatidylcholine:lysophosphatidylcholine liposomes enhanced the binding of CRP. Binding constants of 1.9 X 10(-5) M and 7.1 X 10(-5) M were calculated for liposomes containing and lacking the glycolipid, respectively. Furthermore, CRP bound to galactocyl cerebroside-containing liposomes bound approximately twice as much C1q as the same amount of CRP bound to liposomes lacking the glycolipid. We conclude that: 1) An alteration of the normal organization of phosphatidylcholine bilayers is necessary for binding of CRP. 2) The presence of galactosyl residues on the surface of the bilayer enhances the binding of CRP, perhaps through interaction with a putative secondary binding site on the protein. PMID- 7217668 TI - Expression of influenza A virus internal antigens on the surface of infected P815 cells. AB - A panel of hybridoma antibodies was used to study the expression of the 2 major internal influenza A virus proteins, matrix protein (M), and nucleoprotein (NP) on the surface of influenza A-infected P815 cells. Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) performed with live infected P815 cells only minute amounts of M were detectable, whereas M was not detected in 3 other cell-surface assays. In contrast, NP was detected in 10-fold greater amounts than M and 10- to 50-fold lower amounts than the viral glycoproteins by RIA. Furthermore, the presence of NP could be demonstrated by immunofluorescence, microcytotoxicity, and agglutination assays performed on live infected cells. PMID- 7217670 TI - C1q inhibitor (C1qINH): functional properties and possible relationship to a lymphocyte membrane-associated C1q precipitin. PMID- 7217671 TI - Activation of mouse macrophages for tumor cell killing. I. Quantitative analysis of interactions between lymphokine and lipopolysaccharide. AB - Lymphokine-rich supernatants from concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cell cultures failed to activate mouse peritoneal macrophages for tumor cell killing, providing that the assay system was free of detectable (less than 0.125 ng/ml) endotoxin. Instead, increasing amounts of lymphokine progressively increased the sensitivity of macrophages to activation by purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conversely, the effect of minute amounts of lymphokine could be detected in the presence of relatively high (though nonactivating) concentrations of LPS. The latter observation was exploited to develop a highly sensitive, quantitative assay for lymphokine. In this assay, serially diluted supernatants were tested on macrophage monolayers in the presence of a constant concentration (3 ng/ml) of LPS. Under these conditions, the lymphokine dose-response curve was sigmoidal and therefore suitable for conversion to a linear plot using the logarithmic transformation of the von Krogh equation. Activity could be expressed quantitatively and reproducibly in terms of units of activity. By facilitating purification the assay should contribute to the development of a more precise biochemical understanding of the role of lymphokine in macrophage activation for tumor cell killing. PMID- 7217672 TI - Macrophage triggering by aggregated immunoglobulins. I. Delayed effect of IgG aggregates or immune complexes. AB - Rat peritoneal macrophages in serum-free cultures were triggered to release lysosomal enzymes or plasminogen activator and to incorporate glucosamine upon exposure to rat IgG that was nonspecifically aggregated after heating or by dimethylsuberimidate cross-linking or was specifically complexed by the corresponding antigen using preformed BSA-anti-BSA immune complexes. A lag period of 6 hr was observed before the increase in enzyme release or in glucosamine uptake. Although chemically prepared dimers of IgG were found sufficient to trigger the macrophages, both enzyme release and glucosamine incorporation increased with the size of the IgG aggregates. Similarly, immune complexes in IgG antibody excess (Ag/Ab ratio 1:32) were more efficient than complexes prepared at equivalence or in antigen excess, which suggests that the size of the aggregates is an important parameter of macrophage triggering. The participation of the macrophage Fc receptor for IgG in IgG-dependent macrophage triggering is suggested by similar findings using a first exposure of the cells to rat IgG then the cross-linking the cell-bound immunoglobulin by purified anti-rat IgG or the F(ab')2 fragment of it. Macrophage function in inflammatory reaction might thus be modulated by the size of IgG immune complexes. PMID- 7217673 TI - Immunosuppressive effect of mouse serum lipoproteins. I. In vitro studies. AB - Three classes of lipoproteins, very low, low, and high density, were isolated from normal mouse sera and characterized with respect to electrophoretic mobility, content, and composition. All 3 classes of mouse serum lipoproteins migrated into the alpha region at different rates and were composed of more phospholipid and less triglyceride and cholesterol than lipoproteins from man. High density lipoprotein (HDL) was the major lipoprotein, carrying 70% of the serum cholesterol and phospholipid and 85% of the total lipoprotein. Whole mouse serum and all classes of mouse serum lipoproteins inhibited lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by mitogens. No strain specificity was observed. HDL contributed about 73% of the total inhibitory activity. The effect of apoprotein and the lipid portion of very low, low, and high density lipoproteins were also studied. PMID- 7217674 TI - A fluorescent assay for complement activation. AB - We report here a rapid assay for the complement enzymes CVFBb, C4b2a and Cls. This assay involves the use of a peptide substrate that releases a fluorescent coumarin derivative (AMC) upon cleavage by the convertase. The substrate, BocLeuGlyArgAMC, was chosen because its sequence is similar to the carboxyl terminus of C3a, and identical to that of C5a. The Km of this substrate are about 125 microM for the C3/5 convertase CVFBb, 169 microM for C4b2a, and 140 microM for C1s. PMID- 7217675 TI - Use of a synthetic hapten in the demonstration of the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen on neuraminidase-treated human red blood cells and lymphocytes. AB - Using an artificial T hapten, we have confirmed that human sera contain agglutinins for neuraminidase-treated red blood cells (N'RBC), specific for the disaccharide beta DGal(1 leads to 3)alpha DGalNAc. Further, we have shown that these agglutinins are antibodies largely of the IgM subclass that bind equally to neuraminidase-treated lymphocytes (N'lymphocytes). The anti-T antibody in human serum is cytotoxic for N'RBC in complement fixation assays. The synthetic hapten has biologic activity as shown in inhibition experiments and by the specificity of a rabbit antibody raised to the hapten for the naturally occurring antigen on N'RBC and N'lymphocytes. An immunoadsorbent prepared from the hapten was used to obtain biologically active antibodies from human serum with specificity for the naturally occurring antigen. PMID- 7217677 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in interstitial nephritis. IV. Anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies can function in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity reactions: observations on a nephritogenic effector mechanism acting as an informational bridge between the humoral and cellular immune response. AB - Anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies (alpha TBMA) were tested in vitro in an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) reaction utilizing tubular antigen-coated targets. A selected subpopulation of normal guinea pig spleen cells induced significantly more target cell lysis in the presence of sera containing alpha TBMA than in the presence of control sera. this ADCC reaction using alpha TBMA exhibited a characteristic dose responsiveness and the alpha TBMA binding was specific for species-independent tubular antigens. The spleen effector cells used in this assay were characterized as nonadherent, non-T cells bearing Fc-receptors similar to other previously described natural killer cells found in guinea pigs. These studies suggest that natural surveillance systems may be able to use alpha TBMA as an informational bridge to tubular antigens. Such a potential nephritogenic effector mechanism has not been previously described. PMID- 7217676 TI - Studies on natural killer (NK) cells. I. NK cell specific antibodies in CE anti CBA serum. AB - An antiserum prepared by injecting CE mice with CBA spleen cells has been shown to contain antibodies specifically reactive with NK cells. The serum also contains antibodies detectable in C-dependent dye exclusion tests, but in a study of (CE X CBA)F1 X CE mice reactivity in this test was found to segregate independently of sensitivity of NK cells to inactivation. Moreover, abrogation of NK activity was observed with concentrations of antiserum and C that were considerably lower than those required for detectable cytotoxicity as measured by dye uptake. Thus, it is possible to use this antiserum for the selective removal of NK activity. Analysis of the strain distribution of NK cell sensitivity to CE anti-CBA serum suggests that this reagent may detect an allele of the NK-1 system, and we have tentatively designated the allelic product as NK-1.2, and the corresponding antibodies as anti-NK-1.2. However, the possibility that CE anti CBA serum detects a new system of NK-specific antigen has not been excluded. PMID- 7217678 TI - The first component of human complement: on the mechanism of activation by some carbohydrates. AB - Four synthetic saccharides (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-) linked to the carrier 8 methoxycarbonyloctanol were used in the presence or absence of a polysaccharide (PS) purified from ant venom to study the activation of C1 and the consumption of C4 in normal serum. The carrier was essential for the recorded activities of the saccharides. The alpha D mannose-O-carrier did not cause C1 activation and C4 consumption by itself, but it enhanced these activities when combined with the venom PS. The alpha L fuc(1 leads to 4)beta D glc-NAc-O-carrier caused C1 activation but no C4 consumption by itself at a high concentration (1.4 mg/ml), and enhanced C1 activation and C4 consumption in combination with the venom PS. The beta D gal(1 leads to 3)alpha L fuc(1 leads to 4)beta D glc-NAc-O-carrier caused both C1 activation and C4 consumption in normal human serum by itself. The alpha L fuc(1 leads to 2)beta D gal[alpha L fuc(1 leads to 4)]beta D glc-NAc-O carrier neither caused C1 activation and C4 consumption by itself, nor did it enhance these activities when combined with the venom PS. Neither EAC1hu nor EAC1hu bound 3H-PS or 3H-beta D gal(1 leads to 3)alpha L fuc(1 leads to 4)beta D glc-NAc-O-carrier. Also, the precursor human C1 on EA (EAC1) was not activated by the venom PS. Thus, the overall evidence shows that human precursor C1 is activated by these carbohydrates solely by an interaction with C1q subunit of macromolecular C1. PMID- 7217680 TI - Natural cytotoxic cells against solid tumors in mice. III. A comparison of effector cell antigenic phenotype and target cell recognition structures with those of NK cells. AB - Antisera directed to antigens present on natural killer (NK) cells such as Qa 2,3, Qa-5, NK-1.2, Ly 11.2, and Asialo GM 1 failed to eliminate natural cytotoxic (NC) cell activity from murine spleen cells, suggesting a heterogeneity of effector populations involved in natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC). Cross cold target inhibition studies demonstrated that certain similar recognition structures are present both on NK and NC susceptible tumor target cells. PMID- 7217681 TI - Qualitative and quantitative assessment of C3-receptor reactivities on lymphoid and phagocytic cells. AB - Highly purified human C3, free of C5 and beta 1H, was used to prepare EAC14oxy23b, EAC14oxy23b' (C3b cells treated with purified C3bINA and beta 1H) and EAC14oxy23d (C3b' cells treated with trypsin). These intermediates were used to assess by rosette formation C3-receptor activity on various cells. The number of cell-bound C3 per C3b, C3b', and C3d cell was quantified by applying 14C formaldehyde-labeled C3. Human PBL reacted to about the same degree with C3b, C3b', and C3d cells, whereas monocyte-free PBL enriched for B cells interacted preferentially with the C3b' and the C3d cells; human tonsil lymphocytes behaved similarly. The reaction of Raji cells was clearly assessable with C3b cells and was accelerated with C3b' and C3d cells. Daudi cells reacted with C3b' and C3d cells only, in comparison to Raji cells with a much lower activity. Human granulocytes reacted equally well with C3b and C3b' cells, but towards C3d cells they were almost unreactive. Human monocytes formed rosettes with C3b cells, and at a lower level, rosettes with C3b' cells. C3d cells were unreactive. Similar reaction patterns were obtained with guinea pig leukocytes, whereas mouse leukocytes were totally different, since peritoneal macrophages only formed rosettes with human C3b' cells. PMID- 7217682 TI - Characterization of the murine C4 precursor (pro-C4): evidence that the carboxy terminal subunit is the C4 gamma-chain. PMID- 7217683 TI - Maternal mortality (ten years' survey in Eden Hospital). PMID- 7217679 TI - Nutritional factors and autoimmunity. I. Immunopathology of zinc deprivation in New Zealand mice. PMID- 7217684 TI - Clinical evaluation of propanidid for short-term anaesthesia. PMID- 7217686 TI - Pre-excitation syndrome following myocardial infarction. PMID- 7217685 TI - Serum magnesium in ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 7217687 TI - Progressive systemic sclerosis. (Analytical study). PMID- 7217690 TI - Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia in two step brothers. PMID- 7217689 TI - Tuberculous diaphysitis of long bones. PMID- 7217691 TI - Jaundice: an integrated and pragmatic approach. PMID- 7217688 TI - Prepubic suprascrotal vasectomy. PMID- 7217692 TI - Subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen in chronic liver disease. PMID- 7217693 TI - Hypoglycaemic and hypolipaemic effects of ascorbic acid. PMID- 7217695 TI - Benign intracranial hypertension in pregnancy. PMID- 7217696 TI - Prolapse of the placenta. PMID- 7217694 TI - Hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 7217697 TI - Ramsay Hunt syndrome with an unusual presentation. PMID- 7217698 TI - Aetiology of indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 7217699 TI - A career in primary medical care. PMID- 7217700 TI - [Transurethral resection of the prostate (turp syndrome), myth or reality? Analytic studies using a radioactive isotope method (author's transl)]. AB - It is accepted that the laboratory and clinical so-called "transurethral resection syndrome" reflects passage into the body of a large fraction of the water used to perfuse the field of endoscopic resection. The major complete syndrome (dyspnoea, nausea, hypertension, raised central venous pressure, bradycardia then pulmonary oedema, cerebral oedema, cardiovascular shock and renal insufficiency) is rare: 1.5 per cent of cases of transurethral resection of the prostate in the literature, 0.6% in a series of the last 300 resections performed by the authors (2/300). Also was it not possible to hope for a complete physiological study of sufferers from this complication. Nevertheless, it may be considered that all transurethral resections of the prostate may be associated with similar movements of water to a minimal extent. In order to attempt to demonstrate this, the authors studied in a series of 19 patients pre- and postoperative blood volumes by a radio-immunological technique using pre- and postoperative serum albumin haematocrits. In this short series, patients who had undergone a short endoscopic resection (35 minutes on average) of a small adenoma (13 grams on average) with a mean irrigation of 10 litres of water rendered isotonic by the addition of glycocolle, without any transfusion or infusion being necessary during the course of the resection, the conclusion was simple: no variation in blood volume was demonstrated. Is the physiopathological hypothesis advanced to explain this phenomenon false? And is the problem in fact one of peroperative septicaemia? PMID- 7217702 TI - [Personal experience of sleep plethysmography in the differential diagnosis of erection disturbances (author's transl)]. AB - The authors feel that penile erection during sleep represents the first stage in the investigation of erection problems. The aim is to distinguish between psychogenic impotence the organic impotence. The authors simultaneously perform plethysmography and an electroencephalogram during sleep. Sixty five patients have been investigated in this way. In 44 cases the occurrence of nocturnal penile erection led to the conclusion of a psychogenic origin whilst in 21 cases the results of plethysmography were pathological. Amongst these 21 patients, undergoing vascular investigations, 12 underwent revascularisation of the corpora cavernosa and 12 the insertion of an erection prosthesis. It may be noted that revascularization using the epigastric artery gave widely disparate results: 2 good results amongst 9 patients, with one failure and six inadequate erections. The authors emphasise the fact that there is little alteration in sleep in cases of organic impotence and that phases of paradoxal sleep recur periodically without any great variation in the plethysmographic curve. By contrast, in functional impotence, sleep is invariably disturbed. A whole series of factors are involved in the assessment of the results: total duration of sleep, duration of paradoxal sleep, ratio of paradoxal sleep to total sleep, total erection time, total time in maximum erection and the ratio of erection time to paradoxal sleep. Analysis of sleep is thus a fundamental factor in the proper interpretation of the results of plethysmography in an importance sufferer. PMID- 7217701 TI - [Malakoplakia with triple urinary localisation. One case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217703 TI - [The medical treatment of calcium lithiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217704 TI - [Endoscopic internal urethrotomy. Retrospective study of 47 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report their experience of 58 patients undergoing endoscopic internal urethrotomy for urethral stenosis. In 47 with a follow up of 6 months or more, the following information has been obtained : - deep longitudinal section of the urethral stenosis, at 12 o'clock, passing widely beyond the diseased area, usually suffices; - the essential aetiology of the stenoses treated was represented by iatrogenic urethral trauma in 17 cases out of 47 (36%). The particularly harmful role of urethral catheterisation should be noted. Stenosis of undetermined origin was more common than stenosis of an infectious or non iatrogenic traumatic origin; - the stenosis was bulbar in almost half the cases and was double in 1/4 of cases. In most instances the length was less than 1.5 cm; - morbidity was slight and mortality nil; - results were considered to be good in 57.5% of cases and no recurrent stenosis occurred beyond the 18th month. Good results were seen essentially in cases of stenosis of infectious origin situated in the penile or bulbar urethra, less than 1.5 cm in length and having undergone calibration by a urethral catheter after endoscopic section for a period of more than three days. Amongst the 12 patients undergoing a second urethrotomy, 5 obtained a lasting successful result. Endoscopic internal urethrotomy is thus a procedure which may recommended, insofar as it offers a high percentage of good results and that in the cases of failure there is no interference with any other urethroplasty procedure. PMID- 7217705 TI - [Treatment of the acute phase of urinary retention (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a series of 50 consecutive patients, admitted in emergency for complete urine retention of sudden onset. They all presented an enlarged bladder, containing 500 to 2 200 ml of urine. They all underwent vesical drainage through urethral catheterization, without concern for a slow decompression of the bladder. There were six cases of macroscopic hematuria needing no specific treatment. For the authors, there is no justification for slow urinary decompression. PMID- 7217706 TI - A preliminary report of vibriosis in cultured American lobsters, Homarus americanus. PMID- 7217708 TI - Isolation of an (O,H,Vi)-free immunoprotective antigenic fraction with mannose receptor-like activity from Salmonella typhi. AB - An antigenic fraction of Salmonella typhi strain TY6S, obtained from a bacterial pellet by washings with 1.5 M NaCl and ultracentrifugation in a 5%-20% sucrose density gradient, induced serum antibodies in rabbits that protected chicken embryos challenged with lethal doses of the virulent microorganism. The antigenic preparation was free of Vi, O, and H antigens. It contained about 85% protein and Rd1P+ lipopolysaccharide. The protein moiety comprised three polypeptides of 45,000, 32,000, and 20,000 daltons, respectively. In addition, the purified preparation exhibited the properties of a bacterial adhesin with receptor-like activity for mannosyl residues, as shown by agglutination of target cells containing these residues at their surfaces. PMID- 7217707 TI - Coagulation studies in Argentine hemorrhagic fever. AB - Coagulation studies were performed on samples taken from day 6 to day 22 after the onset of symptoms from 32 patients with Argentine hemorrhagic fever, grouped by clinical form into 17 mild cases, nine moderate cases, and six severe cases. The profiles of the coagulation factors during the course of disease were similar in all patients. Partial thromboplastin time activated with kaolin was prolonged in the early stages (78.0 +/- 5.8 sec on day 6 and 47.5 +/- 1.9 sec on day 14). Values for factors II and VII-X remained in the normal range, but factor V activity was greatly enhanced (257.6% +/- 54.7% on day 10). Coagulation alterations tended to normalize after day 14. Fibrinogen profiles differed in the three clinical forms; on day 12 the fibrinogen level increased to 532 +/- 39.3 mg/100 ml in the moderate disease form and to 472 +/- 40.9 mg/100 ml in the severe form. Neither fibrin monomers for fibrinogen degradation products were detected. PMID- 7217709 TI - Viral hemorrhagic fevers. PMID- 7217710 TI - Family illness associated with Shigella infection: the interrelationship of age of the index patient and the age of household members in acquisition of illness. PMID- 7217711 TI - Isolation of Clostridium difficile from the environment and contacts of patients with antibiotic-associated colitis. AB - Clostridium difficile is the most important cause of antibiotic-associated colitis, but its epidemiology remains unknown. Using a selective medium for the isolation of C. difficile, cultures were obtained from the environment and contacts of hospitalized patients carrying C. difficile in their stools. In areas where carriers had diarrhea, 85 (9.3%) of 910 cultures of floors and other surfaces, especially those subject to fecal contamination, were positive. In areas where there were no known carriers, only 13 (2.6%) of 497 cultures of similar sites were positive (P less than 0.005). C difficile was isolated from hands and stools of asymptomatic hospital personnel, from sewage and soil, and from the home of a patient. Environmental isolates were toxigenic. C. difficile inoculated onto a floor persisted there for five months. Further studies are needed to document how often floor persisted there for five months. Further studies are needed to document how often C. difficile shed by patients with antibiotic-associated colitis is acquired by other persons and whether isolation precautions are capable of limiting the organism's spread. PMID- 7217712 TI - Studies on the epidemiology of colitis due to Clostridium difficile in hamsters. AB - Hamsters treated with vancomycin developed enterocolitis significantly more often in a conventional animal room than in a room designed to prevent cross-infection with Clostridium difficile. In the conventional room C. difficile was isolated from cages, food racks, floors, buckets, the hands of caretakers, and the stools of animals with enterocolitis but not from untreated hamsters, air, or food from freshly opened bags. C. difficile was not isolated from environmental sources in the clean room. It was not possible to determine which of the sources of the organism was most important in its spread. Cross-infection with C. difficile may be important in the pathogenesis of antibiotic-associated enterocolitis in hamster colonies. PMID- 7217713 TI - A new animal model for the study of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections: infection of mice with the agent of mouse pneumonitis. AB - A new animal model for the study of genital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis has been developed. Female mice were successfully infected after intravaginal inoculation with the C. trachomatis agent of mouse pneumonitis. Evidence for infection was obtained by detection of chlamydial inclusions in smears of cervical scrapings treated with Giemsa stain. Chlamydiae were observed in sections of cervical tissues examined by light and electron microscopy as well as by immunofluorescence microscopy. An antibody response to the agent of mouse pneumonitis was also demonstrated in sera after infection. The mouse model of genital infection with the agent of mouse pneumonitis offers an opportunity to investigate many questions related to pathogenesis and immunity associated with C. trachomatis genital infections. PMID- 7217714 TI - The involvement of sugars and Mg++ in the attachment of phagocytic cells to Ascaris suum juveniles. AB - In vitro adherence of washed peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) from mice to Ascaris suum juveniles was inhibited by D-glucosamine and D-galactosamine. Other carbohydrates tested had no apparent effect on adherence after incubation for 3 hr at any of the concentrations tested. Furthermore, attachment of PECs to A. suum juveniles was completely inhibited by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetate to the medium, but magnesium ethylene glycol bis(trichloroacetate) had no effect on adherence. The results suggest that receptors for glucosamine-like or galactosamine-like molecules in conjunction with Mg++ are involved in the attachment of pECs to A. suum juveniles in the absence of antibody and complement. Adherence mediated by carbohydrated and divalent cations may be involved in early nonspecific mechanisms of resistance against A. suum because the reaction did not depend on the presence of antibody and/or complement for attachment. PMID- 7217715 TI - Esterase dependence of human neutrophil functions: lysozyme secretion, spontaneous migration, and continuity of the respiratory burst. AB - To assess the esterase dependency of human neutrophil secretion of lysosomal enzyme, the influence of several aromatic amino acid esters on phorbol myristate acetate-induced release of lysozome was studied. This function was found to be esterase-dependent on the basis of the inhibitory influence of such esters. Of the esters tested, tryptophan octyl ester, tryptophan benzyl ester, benzoyl tyrosine ethyl ester, and tryosine methyl ester were the most potent inhibitors of this response, being effective in the order listed. All esters with inhibitory effects were active at concentrations of less than or equal to 100 muM. Other neutrophil functions found to be similarly sensitive to the presence of these esters were spontaneous and chemotactic migration an continuity of the respiratory burst. The common inhibition profile of these neutrophil activities by the esters used suggests the activity of a common enzyme in these various functions. PMID- 7217716 TI - Central nervous system toxicity of intraventricularly administered gentamicin in adult rabbits. AB - To determine whether daily intraventricular injection of gentamicin sulfate would cause neurologic or morphologic abnormalities of the central nervous system, adult male rabbits were given gentamicin sulfate, 2 mg/kg, intramuscularly twice a day plus saline, 0.2 ml (group 1), or gentamicin, 0.05 mg/kg (group 2), 0.25 mg/kg (group 3), or 0.5 mg/kg (group 4), given as the sulfate intraventricularly once a day. The majority of the animals in group 4 developed neurologic abnormalities which progressed to death in animals that were not euthanized; neuropathologic studies revealed chemical ventriculitis and meningitis that were associated with high levels of gentamicin in the cerebrospinal fluid and tissue of the central nervous system. Similar neurologic and morphologic changes were seen in most animals of group 3 but not in rabbits of groups 1 and 2. The ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of gentamicin are well known; these data indicate that it may be toxic to the central nervous system as well. PMID- 7217717 TI - Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis: a report of two cases and antibiotic and immunologic studies. AB - In the summer of 1978, two children who had recently been swimming in freshwater lakes in Florida died from primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Despite early and intensive treatment with amphotericin B, both patients died three to five days after the onset of illness. Amoebae were observed in wet preparations of cerebrospinal fluid and in sections of cerebral tissue and were identified as Naegleria fowleri by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. The amoebae were highly virulent in mice. The isolate of N. fowleri was extremely sensitive in vitro to amphotericin B (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC], 0.15 microgram/ml), somewhat sensitive to miconazole (MIC, 25 micrograms/ml), and resistant to rifampin (MIC, less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml). Treatment with amphotericin B (7.5 mg/kg of body weight per day) administered intraperitoneally protected 60% of the mice. Lower doses of amphotericin B alone or in combination with miconazole (100 mg/kg) or rifampin (220 mg/kg) were not protective. These results suggest that amphotericin B remains the single effective agent in treatment of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. PMID- 7217718 TI - Pneumonia due to Chlamydia trachomatis in the immunocompromised (nude) mouse. AB - Athymic nude mice (nu/nu) were significantly more susceptible to pneumonia due to the agent of mouse pneumonitis (MoPn), Chlamydia trachomatis, than their heterozygous (nu/+) littermates, as judged both by a greater mortality and a decreased ability to rid their lungs of the infection. Nu/nu mice did not produce significant antibody to the MoPn agent, whereas nu/+ mice did. Thymic transplantation rendered nu/nu mice significantly more resistant to the MoPn agent than nu/nu controls. Resistance to the MoPn agent and production of specific antibody to the MoPn agent were dependent on thymus-derived cells. PMID- 7217722 TI - Inactivation of Ebola virus with 60Co irradiation. PMID- 7217720 TI - Effect of ozone on concentrations of lysozyme in phagocytizing alveolar macrophages. AB - Demonstration of lysozyme by the immunoperoxidase method was used to determine whether ozone-induced defects in phagocytic killing of inhaled Staphylococcus aureus by rat alveolar macrophages were associated with absence of this important bactericidal enzyme. Rats were infected with aerosols of S. aureus and then exposed for 5 hr to 2.5 ppm of ozone. Left lungs were cultured for staphylococci; right lungs were stained for lysozyme and bacteria. Compared with control animals, rats exposed to ozone showed diminished rates of bacterial killing; a larger percentage of extracellular, uningested bacteria; an increased number of intracellular staphylococcal clumps; and absence of lysozyme in macrophages permitting staphylococcal proliferation. These results, in which absence of enzyme activity occurred in macrophages subjected to the dual insults of ozone exposure and ingested bacteria, provide an explanation for the inability of phagocytes to kill ingested bacteria after exposure to ozone. PMID- 7217721 TI - The effect of killed influenza virus vaccine on the kinetics of normal human lymphocytes. AB - Inoculation of humans with wild or attenuated myxoviruses induces transient alterations in lymphocyte count and function. The effects of A/New Jersey/76 virus, a killed influenza virus vaccine, on circulating lymphocyte subpopulations were evaluated in 25 volunteers. Thymus-dependent (T) and independent (B) lymphocytopenias occurred 24 hr after vaccination. T lymphocytopenia was universal, profound (65% drop; P less than 0.001), and long-lived (greater than nine days). B lymphocytopenia was observed in 18 individuals, was moderate (39% drop]; P less than 0.001), and short-lived (less than three days). Null-cell counts rose concurrently, peaked three days after vaccination (188% rise P less than 0.001), and returned to prevaccination levels by day 28. Cell exposure to thymosin in vitro increased T-cell levels proportionately to the degree of null lymphocytosis (peaking three days after vaccination [45% conversion of null cells to T cells; P less than 0.001]), suggesting that postvaccination null cells might be emergent precursor T cells compensating for T lymphocytopenia. Seroconversion occurred in 90% of the volunteers by day 28, suggesting preserved effector B- and helper T-cell functions despite the marked changes in lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 7217719 TI - Protection against infection with Giardia muris by milk containing antibody to Giardia. AB - Mice ingesting milk from immune mothers are protected against infection with Giardia muris. In order to be protected, the infant mice must be suckling immune milk at the time of challenge with the parasite and must continue to do so for at least three to five days thereafter. Suckling immune milk does not induce sustained immunity; infants become susceptible to infection after weaning begins at 14 days of age. Immune milk contains specific IgA and IgG antibody to Giardia, which may be the mediators of the demonstrated protection. The properties of this protection are similar to those described for protection against other enteric infections by milk. PMID- 7217723 TI - Diminution in the size of the thymus in mice during forced swimming. PMID- 7217724 TI - Intraventricular use of aminoglycosides in the treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis: conflicting views. PMID- 7217725 TI - Arthroscopic knee surgery. PMID- 7217726 TI - Phenothiazine induced keto-acidosis. PMID- 7217727 TI - Scabies in institutions. PMID- 7217728 TI - [Clinical significance of respiratory index for respiratory care following open heart surgery in infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217729 TI - [A case of malignant thymoma associated with cardiac tamponade (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217730 TI - [Ten cases of left atrial myxoma--surgical considerations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217731 TI - [Report of four cases of single coronary artery associated with double outlet right ventricle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217732 TI - [Four cases of mitral regurgitation due to ruptured chordae tendineae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217733 TI - [Late calcification of a Hancock tricuspid xenograft in a child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217734 TI - [Protection of coronary reperfusion injury with calcium antagonist and intra aortic balloon pumping (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217735 TI - [Technical evaluation of mitral commissurotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217736 TI - [Cardiac function study to the isolated canine heart by use of newly designed perfusion apparatus and continuous automatic analysis of hemodynamic datas by new type microcomputor system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217739 TI - [Surgical results and hemodynamic evaluation of mitral valve replacement with the glutaraldehyde preserved porcine xenograft (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217738 TI - [Hemodynamic properties of the glutaraldehyde preserved porcine xenograft valve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217737 TI - [Myocardial protection for aortic valvular surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217740 TI - [Experimental study of tracheal and bronchial prosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217741 TI - [Clinical studies on the effects of intra-aortic balloon pumping in cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217743 TI - [The results of 242 cases of aortic valve replacement--correlation between the mode of myocardial protection and mortality rate due to low cardiac output syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217742 TI - [Plication and suspension of the pulmonary artery for severe left bronchial compression in infant with ventricular septal defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217744 TI - [Right ventricular volume function in patients with mitral stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217745 TI - [Postoperative clinical and hemodynamic results in patients with aortic valve lesions associated with mitral stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217746 TI - [Comparison of three types of procedures for myocardial protection during open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217747 TI - [Investigation of the operation methods for achalasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217748 TI - [The effects of cold myocardial protection on the coronary hemodynamics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217751 TI - [A successful repair of anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries (S,D,L) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217750 TI - [The operative technique of the closure of ventricular septal defect without ventriculotomy and post operative clinical study. [2] Validity of the operation assessed by post operative ECG, CTR, Rp/Rs, Pp/Ps and age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217749 TI - [The operative technique of the closure of ventricular septal defect without ventriculotomy and post operative clinical study. [I] The indication and advantage of transatrial approach of VSD closure. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217752 TI - [The long-term survival left ventricular function after aortic valve replacement in the cases with aortic regurgitation; especially on the left ventricular volume, wall thickness and left ventricular mass (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217753 TI - [A modified Senning operation for the repair of Taussing-Bing malformation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217754 TI - [Laser Raman spectroscopy of biomembranes and related compounds (B) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7217755 TI - Jogging! a non-traumatic exercise? PMID- 7217756 TI - Anxietas tibiarum: restless legs and headache. PMID- 7217757 TI - A six-year report: spinal deformity screening in Kansas school children. PMID- 7217758 TI - Help when needed: lay public confident of CPR skills. PMID- 7217759 TI - Office spirometry. PMID- 7217760 TI - Digitalis: non-cardiac manifestations of toxicity. PMID- 7217761 TI - Perinatal care centers: developmental guidelines for Kansas. PMID- 7217762 TI - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the reproductive female. PMID- 7217763 TI - The use of Furacin Topical cream in the treatment of fire ant bites. PMID- 7217766 TI - Bladder cancer mortality in Louisiana. PMID- 7217765 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Atrial pacing. PMID- 7217764 TI - Twin pregnancy, Turner syndrome, ultrasound. PMID- 7217768 TI - Immunochemical studies of human factor XIII. AB - Plasma factor XIII circulates as a noncovalently associated, tetrameric zymogen (a2b2). The b subunit may act as a carrier protein for the a subunit, which possesses the potential catalytic function. In order to define interactions that occur between the two subunits, a sensitive and specific RIA for the b subunit has been developed. Purified plasma factor XIII was incubated with thrombin and chromatographed on organomercurial agarose to separate the subunits. Pure b chain eluted in buffer containing CaCl2. This material was used as the standard b preparation, both for preparing a monospecific antiserum and for establishing the assay. The linear range of the assay is 7 to 700 ng/ml (Ca. 0.1 to 10 nM b subunit), with a minimum detectable dose of l. Data were analyzed by use of the logit-log transformation of antigen-binding curves. The dose-response slope for standard b is -2.76 + or - 0.20, with a potency (ED50) of 74.9 + or - 6.5 ng/ml. This RIA is also valid for determining b subunit concentration of plasma and serum. The dose-response slope for the plasma system is -2.69 + or - 0.20 with an ED50 identical to that of the purified system. By this method the mean b subunit concentration in normal human plasma (corrected for anticoagulant) is 13.8 micro g/ml (ca. 0.15 micro M). The concentration in serum is 13.6 micro g/ml, which shows that b subunit is quantitatively recovered after coagulation has occurred. PMID- 7217767 TI - Presence of a serum hemagglutinin (lectinlike factor) in cystic fibrosis homozygotes and heterozygotes. AB - A lectinlike activity was discovered in serum from 25 patients with CF, 70 obligate heterozygotes (parents), and 18 of 27 siblings (67%) of 675 controls, 4.2% were found to have a positive test for the CF-lectin, approximating the 5% estimated prevalence of CF heterozygotes. The CF-lectin can be detected by dextran-enhanced agglutination of mouse RBCs and confirmed by agglutination inhibition with D-fructose. This simple and inexpensive assay has been found useful to detect carriers of the CF gene, but variability of commercial dextran and some unusual characteristics of the lectin itself have interfered with the successful completion of blind studies. All sugar moieties present in mucus inhibit the agglutination of mouse RBCs by CF serum, implying that the CF-lectin can bind the glycoproteins of mucus. The factor may play a role in the pathogenesis of Cf by stimulating mucus secretion and reacting with mucous glycoproteins to cause their precipitation. Most antibiotics remove or inhibit the CF-lectin activity, suggesting a therapeutic effect of antibiotics unrelated to their antibacterial action. This discovery of a lectinlike factor in the blood of patients with CF and their parents opens a new area for investigation of this devastating disease. PMID- 7217769 TI - Wire basket extraction of foreign bodies from the tracheobronchial tree of small children. PMID- 7217771 TI - Photochemotherapy (PUVA therapy) for psoriasis. PMID- 7217770 TI - The relationship of estrogen and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Clinical and histopathological study of 107 cases. PMID- 7217773 TI - Guidelines for prescribing of controlled substances. PMID- 7217772 TI - Approaches to revascularization of the ischemic foot. PMID- 7217776 TI - Essential role of GTP in epinephrine stimulation of human fat cell adenylate cyclase. AB - The activity of epinephrine-sensitive adenylate cyclase of human fat cell ghosts is markedly enhanced by the GTP analog 5'-guanylyl-imidodiphosphate (GMP-P(NH)P), but a similar effect of GTP itself has not been heretofore demonstrable. In the present work, comparison of adenylate cyclase activity in the presence of epinephrine alone versus epinephrine plus GTP showed that at 37 degrees C GTP doubled activity (10-min incubation); at 30 degrees C less than half this effect was apparent. However, time course studies at both 30 and 37 degrees C showed that comparisons at a single point in time based on ratios of hormone-stimulated activity to basal or basal plus GTP were misleading, since basal activities were not linear with time and were inhibited by GTP. The inhibitory effect of GTP on basal activity was seen at both temperatures but at 37 degrees C decreased with time so that by 10 min the inhibition was no longer apparent. The time course data showed clearly that epinephrine alone did not stimulate adenylate cyclase activity; rather, the hormone merely prevented fall-off of initial rate of unstimulated (basal) enzyme activity. Only when GTP was added together with epinephrine was an unequivocal stimulation of enzyme activity observed. GTP effect was dose-dependent with half-maximal enhancement of epinephrine stimulation at 1.0 microM GTP. The GTP effect was not hormone-receptor mediated, since no shift was seen of the epinephrine dose-response curve toward higher sensitivity. GTP enhancement of epinephrine stimulation occurred over a wide range of ATP concentrations (0.01-3.0 mM) and affected the substrate Km only minimally. GTP-enhanced activity thus occurred through increased V max of the hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7217775 TI - Characterization and distribution of the hydrocarbons found in diapausing pupae tissues of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.). AB - The cuticular hydrocarbons of diapausing pupae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.), are composed of two types of hydrocarbons: n-alkanes (3%) and unsaturated hydrocarbons (97%). The integument, fat body, muscle, and hemolymph are composed of three types of hydrocarbons: n-alkanes (9, 6, 9, and 2%, respectively), branched alkanes (75, 85, 80, and 56%, respectively), and unsaturated hydrocarbons (16, 9, 11, and 42%, respectively). The absence of branched alkanes on the cuticular surface indicated that hydrocarbons are selectively synthesized or deposited according to the presence or absence of methyl branches in the molecule. The hydrocarbons consisted of homologous series of n-alkanes from 21 to 41 carbon atoms, monomethylalkanes from 23 to 39 carbon atoms, dimethylalkanes from 25 to 43 carbon atoms, and trimethylalkanes from 33 to 37 carbon atoms. All branched components had methyl groups near the center of the molecule, and the di- and trimethyl branched components had three methylene units between the branch points. Straight chain alkenes, alkadienes, and alkatrienes from 23 to 44 carbon atoms were partially characterized. The percentage composition of each homologous series varied from tissue to tissue. PMID- 7217777 TI - Studies on the source of urinary cholesterol in the normal human male. AB - The aim of the present study was to obtain information on the source of urinary cholesterol in normal men of various age groups (22-25, 37-42, greater than 63 yrs). Aliquots of 24-hr urine samples were fractionated by ultracentrifugation. Between 10-20% of the total cholesterol in urine (measured by gas-liquid chromatography) separately sedimented after 2 x 10(4) g-min and after 4 x 10(5) g min of centrifugation. However, an average of more than 50% of the total sedimented after 6 x 10(6) g-min and only 10-20% of total cholesterol remained in this supernatant. These results indicate that most of the cholesterol in urine of normal males is a component of a light particulate fraction. Little difference was seen in the distribution of urinary cholesterol among the various age groups examined The 4 x 10(5) g-min supernatant from 24-hour total urine samples was recentrifuged at 10(5) g for 60 min. The resulting pellet (100 P) was assayed for protein, total cholesterol and phospholipid. The cholesterol was 12-14% esterified. A molar ratio of total cholesterol to phospholipid of 1 to 0.8 was calculated. Assay of the 100 P fraction for marker enzymes showed an activity pattern characteristic for plasma membranes. Fractionation of the 100 P proteins by electrophoresis and separation of the 100 P phospholipids by thin-layer chromatography revealed patterns clearly different from those of human red cell plasma membrane. Electron micrographs of the 100 P fraction revealed an appearance similar to that of deteriorated membranes. The results suggest that most of the cholesterol in urine of the adult human male is present as a component of membranes derived from endogenous cells of the urogenital system. PMID- 7217774 TI - Long chain nonesterified fatty acid patterns in plasma of healthy children and young adults in relation to age and sex. AB - In a large group of healthy Belgian children and young adults, the absolute and relative concentrations of nonesterified fatty acid patterns were determined by an appropriate gas-liquid chromatographic technique. The statistical analysis of the results showed that concentrations were dependent on age and sex. The absolute concentration of each fatty acid and the total nonesterified fatty acid concentration decreased exponentially with age and were significantly higher for girls than for boys. In addition, it was found that variation of relative concentrations with age was rather small. Furthermore, the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher and that of saturated acid significantly lower for girls than for boys. PMID- 7217778 TI - Studies on the apoproteins of rat lymph chylomicrons: characterization and metabolism of a new chylomicron-associated apoprotein. AB - The apoprotein composition of rat lymph chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was investigated following isolation and purification by preparative gel electrophoresis. The medium molecular weight apoproteins in the 27,000-60,000 range were characterized by electrophoretic mobility, immunochemical identification, amino acid composition, and molecular weight determination. In addition to three previously identified apoproteins, A-I, E, and A-IV, present in both rat serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) and lymph chylomicrons, a fourth peptide of molecular weight 59,000 was always a consistent major component of lymph VLDL washed free of serum protein contaminants by repeated ultracentrifugation. The protein formed complexes with phosphatidylcholine vesicles, was amphipathic in nature, and, when injected into rats, became associated with serum HDL and lymph chylomicrons. It was removed from chylomicrons after gel filtration through agarose columns but not after repeated ultracentrifugation; it differed slightly in amino acid composition and did not show immunochemical identity against antisera to any other apoprotein. The results of in vivo studies suggest that the protein preferentially associates with lymph chylomicrons and thus may play some important role in the metabolism of exogenous triglyceride transport. Since A-I, A-II, and A-IV apoproteins are also integral components of lymph chylomicrons, we suggest that the protein be designated A-V apoprotein. The distribution of A-I, E, A-IV, and A-V in serum HDL and lymph VLDL was approximately 54, 10, 12, and 0%, and 22, 3, 19, and 22%, prospectively. PMID- 7217781 TI - Feedback regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in rhesus monkeys with variable hypercholesterolemic response to dietary cholesterol. AB - To test the hypothesis that high-responding rhesus monkeys should have a greater degree of feedback inhibition of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis than the low responding monkeys because the former group absorbs a higher percentage of cholesterol than the later group, we determined the relative rates of cholesterol biosynthesis by measuring plasma desmosterol levels while feeding triparanol along with diets high and low in cholesterol and with or without 2% plant sterols. The build-up of plasma desmosterol was more rapid in low-responders than in high-responders on all diets; the difference was significant only on diets low in plant sterols. In both groups, adding plant sterols to either diet increased the initial slope of plasma desmosterol build-up (significant only for high cholesterol diet). The mean percent cholesterol absorption in high-responders was significantly higher than in low-responders on high and low cholesterol diets with low levels of plant sterols. On adding 2% plant sterols to both diets, the percent cholesterol absorption decreased significantly and became essentially the same in both groups. Triparanol feeding decreased plasma cholesterol significantly in both groups on both diets; the decrease in the low-responders was smaller than in high-responders. Addition of plant sterols to either diet also reduced plasma cholesterol in both groups, but the decrease was significant only in the high-responders on high cholesterol diet. The study demonstrates that high-responders have a greater degree of feedback inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis than low-responders probably because of higher absorption of cholesterol. The results also indicate that both endogenous and exogenous cholesterol are effective mediators of the feedback inhibition mechanism. PMID- 7217780 TI - The effect of pancreatic diversion on lymphatic absorption and esterification of cholesterol in the rat. AB - Lymph fistula rats with either biliary fistula or pancreaticobiliary fistula were used to measure coenzyme A-independent mucosal cholesterol esterifying activity in the presence and absence of pancreatic exocrine secretion. Efficiency of pancreatic diversion was verified to minimize contamination of mucosal homogenates with adherent luminal enzyme. The synthetic activity of cholesteryl ester hydrolase (E.C. 3.1.1.13) was measured directly in mucosal homogenates. Indirect evidence for mucosal esterifying activity was obtained from hourly cholesteryl ester output into lymph when other factors known to affect cholesterol absorption were controlled. Rats infused intraduodenally at a constant rate with different concentrations of bile salts, polar lipid, and [3H]cholesterol showed that the infused [3H]cholesterol was absorbed and esterified with equal efficiency in the presence and absence of pancreatic flow. Total lymph output of free and esterified endogenous cholesterol was slightly less efficient in the pancreaticobiliary fistula group (85% of bile fistula values) but percent esterification was the same for both groups. Infusion of lipid-free micellar bile salts separately from other bile components produced a highly significant increase in absorption and esterification of lymph cholesterol for both groups. No correlation was found between cholesterol esterifying activity in a) the lumen or b) the mucosa, and cholesteryl ester output into lymph. The present study suggests an alternative enzyme dependent directly or indirectly on the presence of micellar bile salts in the lumen to explain intestinal cholesterol esterifying activity during absorption. PMID- 7217779 TI - Some factors affecting the lipid secretory phase of fat absorption by intestine in vitro from golden hamster. AB - We studied the secretory phase of fat absorption by sacs of the everted intestine in vitro when long chain fatty acid and monoglyceride had been taken up from a physicochemically defined bile salt micellar solution. After uptake, a sac received a supplemental incubation in a saline solution without added lipid. The presence of calcium ion in the medium during supplemental incubation was essential for the production and release of resynthesized triglyceride in the form of chylomicrons. The particles appeared to enter the serosal fluid via the lacteals. The rate of secretion of the lipid varied directly with the concentration of calcium ion in the mucosal fluid in the range 100-900 microM. At a given concentration in the serosal or mucosal fluid, the calcium ion in the latter fluid had the greater effect. The study of additional factors included the original location of the segment in the intestine of the living animal, temperature, use of D2O instead of water, and the effects of Ba2+, Sr2+, Mg2+, and La3+ on lipid secretion. PMID- 7217782 TI - Ammonia gas: an improved reagent for chemical ionization mass spectrometry of bile acid methyl ester acetates. AB - The ammonia chemical ionization mass spectra of 28 methyl ester acetate derivatives of bile acids and related compounds have been determined by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Advantages of ammonia ionization over the previously studied isobutane ionization include a 130-270% enhancement in the sensitivity of base peak monitoring, and direct determination of molecular weight from the base peak (M + NH4+) in the mass spectrum of any of the derivatives. Minor ions in the ammonia spectra also allow selective detection of 3-keto compounds and can indicate unsaturation or double bond conjugation in the molecule. The significance of these studies for the detection and quantitation of bile acids is discussed. PMID- 7217783 TI - Optimization and validation of assays to estimate pancreatic esterase activity using well-characterized micellar solutions of cholesteryl oleate and tocopheryl acetate. AB - Studies have been carried out to determine the maximal solubilization of cholesteryl oleate and tocopheryl acetate within mixed bile salt-fatty acid micelles and to establish reproducible assays for pancreatic esterase activity using these micellar substrates. At pH 8.5, using 30 mM sodium taurocholate and 10 mM oleic acid, reproducible micellar solutions of the esters could be prepared giving micellar concentrations of 0.4 mM and 0.1 mM for tocopheryl acetate and cholesteryl oleate, respectively. Conditions were then optimized to estimate pancreatic esterase activity using these micellar-solubilized substrates. Maximal activity was obtained at pH 8.5 with 2-4 mM oleic acid and 15-30 mM sodium taurocholate, and gave coefficients of variation for the assays of 7.4% and 20.2% using tocopheryl acetate and cholesteryl oleate, respectively, as substrates. Micellar-solubilized cholesteryl oleate and tocopheryl acetate, together with a non-micellar system using p-nitrophenyl acetate, were used to estimate esterase activity in human duodenal aspirates and rat pancreatic homogenates. Esterase activity in children with cystic fibrosis was greatly reduced and paralleled tryptic and pancreatic lipase activity, which suggested that the esterase activity was pancreatic in origin. The results of this study, therefore, provide a basis for future investigations concerned with the hydrolysis and absorption of dietary esters. PMID- 7217785 TI - Influence of dietary cholesterol, saturated and unsaturated lipid on 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl CoA reductase activity in rabbit intestine and liver. AB - To characterize further the behavior of the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis in animal species, we studied the kinetic properties and the influence of dietary lipid on intestinal and hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity in the rabbit. In intestinal crypt and villous cells isolated by a dual buffer technique, the KM value was 4.2 and 4.6 microM, respectively for DL-HMC-CoA. The specific activity of HMG-CoA reductase in the jejunum was 0.86 nmol/mg per hr, and evenly distributed between crypt and villous cells. By contrast, reductase activity was considerably lower in the ileum: in villous cells it was 0.40 nmol/mg per hr, and in crypt cells only 0.26 nmol/mg per hr. Liver microsomes had a KM value of 3.0 microM, while the reductase activity averaged 2 nmol/mg per hr. An unexpected finding was the uneven distribution of HMG-CoA reductase in the various lobes of the liver in the single animal. The addition of 1% cholesterol to the diet for 48 hours was followed by an average decline of 73% (P less than 0.005) of HMG-CoA reductase activity in villous and crypt cells of the jejunum. In the ileum, the decrease was less marked (38%, P less than 0.01). Whereas the addition of 5% corn oil to a 1% cholesterol diet did not have an additional suppressant effect on intestinal reductase, the addition of 5% coconut oil to 1% cholesterol caused further decrease of HMG-CoA reductase in jejunum and ileum (P less than 0.05). The 1% cholesterol diet resulted in a 25% decrease of hepatic reductase after 24 hours, whereas after 6 days, the enzyme activity was reduced by 90% of normal. Both 5% corn oil or 5% coconut oil, in addition to 1% cholesterol, further suppressed hepatic reductase activity. The weight of the experimental evidence presented in these studies suggests that cholesterol has a major regulatory effect on both intestinal and hepatic reductase in the rabbit. PMID- 7217784 TI - Influence of nicotinic acid on metabolism of cholesterol and triglycerides in man. AB - The mechanisms for the hypolipidemic action of nicotinic acid were examined in 12 patients with hyperlipidemia. Most patients were studied in the hospital on a metabolic ward. The first month was a control period followed by 1 month on nicotinic acid. During treatment with nicotinic acid, the triglycerides (TG) decreased in total plasma by an average of 52% and in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) by 36%. Transport rates of VLDL-TG were determined by multicompartmental analysis following injection of [3H]glycerol as a precursor. Nicotinic acid decreased transport (synthesis) of VLDL-TG by an average of 21%. Kinetic modeling of the VLDL-TG data suggested that the TG reduction was due to a decrease in TG content of VLDL and hence a reduction in lipoprotein size more than number. For the whole group, plasma cholesterol fell during nicotinic acid therapy by a mean of 22%. The drug produced no detectable changes in fecal excretions of cholesterol (neutral steroids) or bile acids. However, it induced a small but significant increment in hepatic secretion of biliary cholesterol that might have led to a net loss of cholesterol from the body even though this loss could not be detected by sterol balance. Despite this increase in outputs of biliary cholesterol, there was not a significant increase in molar % cholesterol or in % saturation of gallbladder bile. Therefore, it is doubtful that nicotinic acid enhances the risk for cholesterol gallstones. PMID- 7217786 TI - Polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation in the lipids of cultured fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. AB - The lipid content per cell of cells in tissue culture depended on the cell type. Fibroblasts derived from human neonatal foreskin contained less triglyceride and phospholipid and more cholesteryl ester than smooth muscle cells derived from guinea pig aorta. When fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells were challenged with 120 microM polyunsaturated fatty acid, the fibroblasts accumulated much less fatty acid than smooth muscle cells. Fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells challenged with either 8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid, 5, 8, 11, 14 eicosatetraenoic acid, or 7, 10, 13, 16-docosatetraenoic acid accumulated the polyunsaturated fatty acid, its microsomal chain elongation products, and its extramicrosomal retroconversion products in cellular lipids. A new retroconversion sequence was observed, 8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid to 6, 9, 12 octadecatrienoic acid. Microsomal desaturation products did not accumulate. The total fatty acid content of the phospholipid fraction was unchanged in cells challenged with a fatty acid. The polyunsaturated fatty acid and its derivatives exchanged with fatty acyl groups in the cellular phospholipid fraction. These fatty acyl groups were transferred to the triglyceride fraction and the total cellular content of each fatty acid was conserved. The total fatty acid content of the triglyceride fraction was markedly increased in cells challenged with a fatty acid. The polyunsaturated fatty acid and its derivatives accumulated in the triglyceride fraction. The triglyceride fraction contained an unusual triacyl derivative of the polyunsaturated fatty acid. These data support the hypothesis that microsomal fatty acyl-CoA intermediates are shunted into neutral lipid droplets when cells stimulated to accumulate lipid. PMID- 7217790 TI - Daily metabolic patterns of short-tailed shrews (Blarina) in three natural seasonal temperature regimes. PMID- 7217787 TI - Diacylglycerol-carrying lipoprotein of hemolymph of the American cockroach: purification, characterization, and function. AB - A diacylglycerol-carrying lipoprotein (DGLP) was isolated from the hemolymph of adult male and female American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana. The purification procedure involved dialysis against distilled water, precipitation at low ionic concentration at pH 6.6, and separation by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The final preparation was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. The lipoprotein comprised over 50% of the total hemolymph protein. The DGLP molecule was almost globular in shape with a diameter of approximately 160 A. The molecular weight, determined by a sedimentation-equilibrium method, was approximately 600,000. Apoprotein of DGLP consisted of two subunits, heavy chain (mol wt 250,000) and light chain (mol wt 85,000). The total lipid content of DGLP amounted to about 50%. The lipids comprised diacylglycerol (15% of total lipid), hydrocarbons (28%), cholesterol (5%), and phospholipids (43%). n-Pentacosane, 3-methylpentacosane, and 6,9 heptacosadiene were identified as major hydrocarbons. Mannose(0.9%) and glucosamine (0.3%) were associated with apoprotein of DGLP. The capacity of the purified DGLP to accept diacylglycerol from both fat body and midgut was demonstrated in vitro; thus it was suggested that the same carrier molecule served to transport this lipid from storage site and absorption site. The possible multiple role of cockroach DGLP in transporting such lipids as diacylglycerol, cholesterol, and hydrocarbon from the site of storage, absorption, or synthesis is discussed. PMID- 7217788 TI - New views on intestinal absorption of lipids in teleostean fishes: an ultrastructural and biochemical study in the rainbow trout. AB - Lipid absorption in rainbow trout was studied after gastric administration of [1 14C]linoleic and [1-14C]-palmitic acids. The intestinal epithelial cells were isolated at various times of absorption and the major lipid classes were isolated. Radioactivity was found primarily in the triglycerides. Blood radioactivity was measured at different times after administration of the labeled acids. It was very low until after 6 hr. After 4 hr when it was detectable, it was located essentially in the triglyceride fraction. At various times after feeding (a meal with 60% of unsaturated long chain fatty acids) the absorptive epithelium of the anterior intestine and pyloric caeca were examined by electron microscopy. Surprisingly, the esterification of fatty acids corresponded to the formation of VLDL-like particles, seen in SER, RER, Golgi apparatus, lamellar structures, intercellular space, interstitial space of lamina propria and lumen of lymphatic vessels. The respective roles of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the lipoprotein synthesis are discussed. The particles are delivered in the intercellular spaces by way of the lamellar structures, whose role until now was unknown. Though the absorption of dietary triglycerides is much slower than in mammals, the mechanism does not differ fundamentally. The long chain fatty acids are esterified by the intestinal cells and transferred as VLDL-like particles to lymph. X PMID- 7217789 TI - Dehydroxylation of 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone by fecal flora of man and rat. AB - 16 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, precursor of biliary 16 alpha-hydroxypregnanolone, was incubated with mixed fecal flora of humans and rats. The major steroid metabolite formed in both systems was 3 alpha-hydroxy-17 alpha-pregnan-20-one. These results demonstrated that the fecal flora reduced the delta 4-3 keto structure, removed the hydroxy group at C-16 and isomerized the side chain from the beta to the alpha configuration. Ring-A reduction of the substrate resulted in a 5 beta-compound with human flora and a 5 alpha-product with rat bacteria. The prevalence of 16 alpha-dehydroxylating organisms varied considerably in human fecal flora and was approximately 10(5)/g of feces in the three rats tested. Rat fecal flora dehydroxylated 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone after 4-5 days incubation at 37 degrees C, at pH 6.5-7.5, and with a substrate concentration of 20-80 microgram/ml (optimal condition). Preliminary evidence suggests that 16 alpha dehydroxylase is exclusively of bacterial origin and is synthesized by an obligate anaerobe. PMID- 7217791 TI - Neonatal growth of northwest atlantic harp seals. Pagophilus groenlandicus. PMID- 7217792 TI - Effects of urine from conspecifics on sexual maturation in female prairie deermice, Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii. PMID- 7217793 TI - Somatization in the office patient--approaches and management. PMID- 7217794 TI - Clinical use of tricyclic antidepressant blood levels. PMID- 7217795 TI - Evaluation of cardiac murmurs. PMID- 7217796 TI - Chemotherapy of head and neck cancer. PMID- 7217797 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate: is there a state of the art? PMID- 7217798 TI - Diagnosis and management of ventricular tachycardia due to ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7217799 TI - Clinical aspects of lumbar intervertebral disc disease. PMID- 7217800 TI - Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm diagnosed by computerized axial tomography. PMID- 7217801 TI - Good collections--a matter of survival. PMID- 7217802 TI - Should health care practitioners be allowed to exculpate themselves from liability? you be the judge. PMID- 7217803 TI - Data base design for infectious disease control. AB - This paper presents an overview of a problem requiring the design of a decision support system (DSS) to be used for infectious disease control at a Veterans Administration hospital. An overview of the DSS selected for this application is presented. The major design question addressed is that of determining the data base schema. An automated network data base design technique is presented along with a description of its use in actually designing a data base required for monitoring infectious disease control. This technique can generate data bases containing large numbers of data items and set relationships, while maintaining several useful properties within the data structure. PMID- 7217805 TI - A comprehensive cardiac exercise stress processor for environmental health effects studies. AB - We have shown that an interactive microcomputer system using noninvasive cardiovascular measurements during exercise is both possible and practical. Experimental use of the system has verified our choice of variables as appropriate for automatic generation of a cardiovascular data base, but additional studies are required to determine the system's sensitivity for assessing health-effect decrements. PMID- 7217804 TI - A computer-assisted image-processing system for the analysis of autoradiographs of cerebral metabolic activity. AB - A computerized image-processing system has been developed for quantitative analyses of the autoradiographs obtained with the [14C]deoxyglucose method. By means of this system, these cerebral metabolic images can be digitized and the resultant data can be manipulated for image construction, enhancement, enlargement, and microdensitometric analysis. It is also possible to generate quantitative color-coded metabolic maps that display the distribution of the actual rates of local glucose utilization throughout the entire central nervous system with a resolution conservatively estimated to be equivalent to that of a full-width-half-maximum of approximately 100 micron. PMID- 7217807 TI - Interfacing clinical laboratory instruments with a computer system. AB - This paper describes a number of methods of interfacing clinical laboratory instruments with a computer system. The instrument interface portion of the Laboratory Data Acquisition System, an IBM Installed User Program, is described, as is the use of the IBM 7406 Device Coupler. Emphasis is placed on establishing a standard interface for all new instruments. A method of adding the standard interface to older instruments using the IBM 7406 Device Coupler is discussed. PMID- 7217806 TI - Automated pharmaceutical assistance systems. I. Clinical pharmacokinetics. II. Drug interference with laboratory tests results. AB - The function of the clinical pharmacokinetic service (CPS) in University Hospital is described. A methodological procedure was developed for routine interpretation of specified drug serum levels. Work lists that identify analytical procedures to be included for clinical pharmacokinetic evaluation are prepared daily. The results of all analyses of serum drug levels are evaluated by a pharmacist who is trained in clinical pharmacokinetics. Patient variables that influence serum levels of drugs are mathematically manipulated by program logic. Projections of expected drug levels as a result of dosing regimens are made and compared to measured laboratory results. Iterative programming that modifies projections on the basis of actual measurements is employed to determine individual drug dosing regimens that provide therapeutic/nontoxic serum levels of drugs. The drug/test interference system, which accesses the CPS data base, provides information concerning the potential physiologic, therapeutic, or toxic effect of drugs on biochemical substances. The system allows display of data concerning each drug before it is administered. Information concerning the date and time of initiation and termination of drug therapy allows for a warning comment to be attached automatically to the appropriate laboratory test result if interference is indicated. PMID- 7217808 TI - Development of prototype equipment for innovative employment of blind and partially sighted persons. AB - Sensory Aids Foundation of Palo Alto, California, has funded development of a number of microprocessor-based or computer-related sensory aids to enable blind and partially sighted persons to enter innovative areas of employment previously inaccessible to them. Three of these devices are discussed in this paper: the prototype TSPS (Traffic Service Position System) console for blind telephone operators; an Optacon Tracking Guide for CRT displays; and a Digital Indexing System for cassette audio recorders. In addition, three other microprocessor based products recently acquired by Sensory Aids Foundation for placement with blind or partially sighted clients are briefly described: the Speech Annunciator for digital laboratory instruments; the Large Print Video Terminal; and the TIM II (Talking Information Management System). A new grant received from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, the Projects With Industry Section, has allowed expansion of services to develop computer-related jobs for blind, deaf, and orthopedically disabled persons. PMID- 7217809 TI - A distributed computer system for hierarchical control of a clinical vestibular laboratory. AB - A vestibular testing laboratory with five test stations was implemented as a clinical research and testing facility, automating and adapting tests for patients with inner-ear balance disorders. These were designed to quantitate postural control, and eye movement response to rotational, caloric, and visual (optokinetic) stimuli. Microprocessors were used as satellite processors in a star network under hierarchical control of a host minicomputer. All disk storage was controlled by the host, with data transfer from satellites via parallel interfaces. Network software was designed and implemented to be under control of the host in a foreground-background structure. The practical operation of this laboratory required that technicians at each satellite test station initiate, perform, and complete an individual test in dependently of other tests. Examples from two test stations are presented. A 2-year data base of test results provides important multitest correlations for use in diagnostic evaluations. PMID- 7217811 TI - The dynamic spatial reconstructor: a computed tomography system for high-speed simultaneous scanning of multiple cross sections of the heart. AB - A new generation whole-body computed tomography system has been developed to provide accurate visualization and measurement of the vital functions of the heart, lungs, and circulation. This dynamic spatial reconstructor system (DSR) provides stop-action (.01-sec), rapidly sequential (60-per-second), synchronous volume (240 simultaneous adjacent 1-mm-thick transaxial sections) reconstructions and display of the full anatomic extents of the internal and external surfaces of the heart throughout successive cardiac cycles, and will permit visualization of the three-dimensional vascular anatomy and circulatory functions in all regions of the body of patients with cardiovascular and other circulatory disabilities. PMID- 7217810 TI - A multivariate approach to laboratory practice. AB - The application of multivariate statistical technics to laboratory data analysis is a recent development in clinical pathology. The proliferation in number and type of diagnostic tests requires a simple method to extract predictors of clinical states from data generated by existing laboratory procedures, as well as a method to assess the usefulness of new tests as they are proposed. A series of algorithms can select a "best predictor" subset of laboratory tests and verify this reduced group's predictive diagnostic worth. The established predictive ability of existing laboratory tests can serve as a reference scale when a newly available laboratory test is evaluated. The proposed new test is included with the best predictors already identified and confirmed. In multivariate analysis the usefulness of the proposed new procedure in the predictive diagnosis scheme is determined. PMID- 7217812 TI - Demonstration of a software package for the reconstruction of the dynamically changing structure of the human heart from cone beam x-ray projections. AB - The Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor (DSR) is a device constructed at the Biodynamics Research Unit of the Mayo Clinic for (among other things) the visualization of the beating heart inside the intact thorax. The device consists of 28 rotating X-ray sources arranged on a circular arc at 6 degrees intervals (total span 162 degrees) and a matching set of 28 imaging systems. The whole thorax of the patient is projected onto the two-dimensional screen of the imaging systems by cone beams of X rays from the sources. All of the X-ray sources are switched on and off within a total period of 10 milliseconds. The Medical Image Processing Group at the State University of New York at Buffalo has developed a software package for the design and evaluation of algorithms to be used by the DSR. In this paper we illustrate the operation of the package and a particular algorithm for the reconstruction of the dynamically changing structure of the heart from data collected by the DSR. PMID- 7217813 TI - A minicomputer network for diverse operating systems and languages. AB - Minicomputer networks have been proposed as a method of cost-effectively sharing system resources (data, programs, peripherals, etc.). The greatest impediment to the realization of such networks lies in the diversity of operating systems, languages, and input/output conventions now in use. An approach is described that makes possible the automatic sharing of data and resources among a variety of operating environments supporting multiple languages. PMID- 7217814 TI - A user-oriented computer interface for health professionals. PMID- 7217815 TI - Epidemiology of heart disease in school children in rural and urban areas. PMID- 7217816 TI - L-dopa stimulation at growth hormone release in normal subjects and in patients with Sheehan's syndrome. PMID- 7217817 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis with pregnancy. PMID- 7217820 TI - The Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, its educational role. PMID- 7217818 TI - Gaucher's disease--a case report. PMID- 7217819 TI - External rupture of the uterus: a dead case report. PMID- 7217823 TI - Genetic diseases among Kampuchean refugees. PMID- 7217821 TI - An assessment of nutritive values of common Thai supplementary foods. PMID- 7217822 TI - Iron intake of Thais. PMID- 7217824 TI - Effects of histamine implants in several brain regions on the release of prolactin in conscious adult male rats. AB - The levels of prolactin in the plasma of conscious male rats were determined at various times after an acute administration of histamine or a histamine releasing agent, compound 48/80, in three brain regions. The brain structures that were examined were, the caudal part of the preoptic area and anterior part of the anterior hypothalamic area (POA-AHA), the arcuate nucleus-ventromedial nucleus region (ARC-VMN) and the medial-basal amygdaloid nucleus of the limbic system (AME). A marked increase in plasma levels of prolactin was observed when implants of histamine were in the POA-AHA region. A more consistent increase was found when 1 microgram histamine was injected in the same region; values of prolactin were about 3.6 times greater than in their controls injected with 0.9% saline. Such increased hormone levels lasted up to 2 h. A similar rise in prolactin level was found when the implants of histamine were located in the ARC-VMN region. When compound 48/80 or empty cannulae were placed in those brain regions that were examined, no changes in plasma levels of prolactin were induced. Both histamine and compound 48/80 elicited a delayed and long-lasting decrease of the high plasma level of prolactin present in rats bearing cannulae in the AME region. The results suggest that in the male rat, histaminergic sites, located in rostral and mediobasal hypothalamus and in the central area of the amygdala, are involved in the mechanisms controlling prolactin secretion. PMID- 7217826 TI - Metabolism of androgens by the active and inactive prostate gland, and the seasonal changes in systemic androgen levels in the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin). AB - The nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions derived from the actively secretory and inactive prostate of adult grey squirrels were incubated with radioactive testosterone and androstenedione. Testosterone was metabolized first to 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone and then 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha(beta), 17 beta-diols. Testosterone could also be transformed into androstenedione and then to androsterone, but no 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or diols could be synthesized from this pathway. Neither subcellular fraction of the inactive, non-secretory prostate could produce 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha(beta), 17 beta-diols from testosterone either in the absence or presence of exogenous NADPH. The synthesis of androstenedione and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone by the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of the inactive gland were significantly increased compared to that in fractions of the active prostate. The increase was unaffected by exogenous NADPH. The concentration of androgen (testosterone plus 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone) in systemic plasma was highest in December, the beginning of the breeding season. For the remainder of the breeding season, the androgen level was similar to that found in the non-breeding season. It is suggested that formation of 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha(beta), 17 beta-diols was associated with the secretory activity of the prostate. The failure of the inactive prostate to synthesize these diols during sexual quiescence might be a means of ensuring the inactivity of the prostate. PMID- 7217825 TI - Effects of androgen injections and decapitation on the pituitary-gonadal axis and genital tract of fetal rats at the end of gestation. AB - The relationships between LH activity in the plasma, testicular and plasma levels of testosterone and prostatic buds were examined on day 21 of gestation in control and experimental male fetal rats. Surgical hypophysectomy by decapitation of the fetus 3 days before death produced a reduction of LH activity in plasma and level of testosterone in the testes; the development of cranial prostatic buds was impaired although plasma levels of testosterone were unchanged. Injections of testosterone propionate (10 mg) on days 18, 19 and 20 of gestation had similar effects on testicular testosterone; this effect was not due to a direct inhibition of androgen synthesis by testosterone, but to a lowering of LH activity and suggests the existence of a feedback mechanism of testosterone on the fetal hypothalamo-pituitary axis. PMID- 7217827 TI - Investigations into the possible effects of naturally occurring steroids on biosynthesis of 16-androstenes and androgens in microsomes of boar testis. AB - The possible interactions between naturally occurring steroids and three enzymes of the biosynthetic pathways of 16-androstenes and androgens in the boar testis were investigated. High concentrations (1 mmol/1) of several steroids reduced the production of 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol when a microsomal fraction of boar testis was incubated with pregnenolone at pH 7.0 (the pH optimum of this reaction was found to be 6.6). When some of these inhibitors were investigated in more detail using Lineweaver-Burk analyses, the apparent inhibition constants, Kv increased in value with increasing concentrations of inhibitors. When testosterone was added to 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol synthetase assays, the apparent Ki for 0.1 mumol testosterone/1 was 0.165 mumol/1 whereas those for 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mumol testosterone/1 were 1.65, 16.5 and 48.7 mumol/1 respectively. The apparent Michaelis constant, Km, of the reaction was 0.6 mumol/1. Similar results were obtained when oestrone, 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone and 4,16-androstadien-3-one were added as effectors. At physiological concentrations, these steroids would not affect the biosynthesis of 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol in vivo. Similarly, both 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 beta ol, quantitatively the most important 16-androstene in the boar testis and 5,16 androstadien-3 beta-ol were examined for their effects on the 17 alpha-hydroxy C21-steroid, C-17,20 lyase (C-17,20 lyase) and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-OHSDH) enzymes of androgen biosynthesis. Neither of these enzymes was affected by the 16-androstene steroids even at concentrations of 100 mumol/1, and the apparent Km values were 3.3 and 26.0 mumol/1 for C-17,20 lyase and 17 beta-OHSDH respectively. This lack of interaction between these pathways implies that the high levels of 16-androstene steroids produced by the testis will not interfere with androgen production, and also that the two side-chain cleavage steps from C21 precursors to C19 steroids are catalysed by independent systems. PMID- 7217828 TI - Maintenance of unimplanted fertilized ova in spayed rats: effects of cortisone acetate therapy during the period of embryonic diapause. AB - Rat dams were ovariectomized on day 3 of pregnancy and treated with corn oil (0.25 ml/day), progesterone (4 mg/day), cortisone acetate (2 or 10 mg/day), cortisone acetate (10 mg/day) plus progesterone (4 mg/day) or progesterone (4 mg/day) plus oestrone (1 microgram/day) from days 2 to 8 or 14, followed by 6 to 11 days of treatment with progesterone (4 mg/day) plus oestrone (1 microgram/day). Implantation of ova at the normal time was realized in the animals treated from day 2 with progesterone plus oestrone. Implantation of ova was only realized subsequent to progesterone plus oestrone in the dams treated with progesterone alone, cortisone acetate alone, or progesterone plus cortisone acetate, except for one animal in the latter group. Implantation of ova was not usually realized even after progesterone plus oestrone treatment in the dams treated with corn oil. Even though cortisone acetate maintained unimplanted ova in spayed rats in much the same manner as does progesterone, it was not equivalent to progesterone in efficacy or action. PMID- 7217830 TI - Disappearance of immunoreactive alpha-melanotrophin from rat plasma following occlusion of different regions of the vascular bed. AB - The half-life for the disappearance of immunoreactive alpha-melanotrophin in plasma following intravenous injection of synthetic hormone was measured before and after occlusion of the blood supply to certain organs in the anaesthetized rat. Occlusion of the blood supply to the liver, gut, spleen and pancreas, and of the renal circulation caused non-significant increases in half-life of 2.8 and 10.7% respectively. The importance of peripheral tissues in the clearance of alpha-melanotrophin was demonstrated by the significant 63.4% increase in half life caused by occlusion of the blood supply to sections of skeletal muscle, fat and skin. PMID- 7217829 TI - Effects of cortisol on cell proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis and degradation in cartilage zones of the calf costochondral growth plate in vitro with and without rat plasma somatomedin activity. AB - The actions of cortisol were investigated in vitro on separated zones of cartilage from the calf costochondral junction, and from the structural costal cartilage. Cortisol had no direct effect in plasma-free medium on the uptake of [3H]thymidine, [3H]leucine or [35S]sulphate in any zone of growth plate or structural cartilage until pharmacological concentrations (10(-4) -10(-3) mol/1) were present, when the incorporation of all three isotopes was significantly reduced. In the presence of a somatomedin stimulus of normal rat plasma the addition of cortisol at supraphysiological concentrations (10(-8) -10(-6) mol/1) had no effect on the incorporation of any isotope in structural cartilage, but significantly reduced the uptake of [3H]thymidine in the growth plate region of proliferating chondrocytes, and at a concentration of 10(-6) mol/1 appeared to increase the uptake of [35S]sulphate in the region of maturing chondrocytes. This was not accompanied by a general increase in protein synthesis as assessed by [3H]leucine incorporation, and could reflect the decreased rate of proteoglycan degradation in the presence of cortisol. It could not be proven in the present experiments that the actions of cortisol at supraphysiological levels were dependent on the presence of growth hormone dependent somatomedin. PMID- 7217831 TI - Effect of bromocriptine on DNA synthesis, growth and hormone secretion of spontaneous pituitary tumours in the rat. AB - The 'spontaneous' development of pituitary tumours has been studied in the Wistar Furth strain of rat. In females aged 64--135 weeks the incidence was as high as 69% whereas in males aged 72--116 weeks only 6% developed tumours. Hyperprolactinaemia was invariably associated with these spontaneous pituitary tumours but excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) was found in one animal only. Bromocriptine inhibited secretion of prolactin and DNA synthesis of the tumours. In a mixed GH- and prolactin-secreting tumour transplanted to a peripheral site, bromocriptine reduced the size of the tumour as well as the secretion of both hormones. Oestradiol reversed the inhibitory action of bromocriptine on prolactin secretion and tumour growth but failed to influence the reduction in GH secretion caused by the drug. PMID- 7217832 TI - Pharmacokinetics of progesterone in laying and non-laying hens (Gallus domesticus). AB - The metabolic clearance rate (MCR), volumes of distribution (Vd), production rate (PR) and half-life (t 1/2) of progesterone were measured in laying hens 8 h before, during and 8 h after the preovulatory surge of progesterone, and in non laying hens (pullets and moulting hens) after a single injection of [1,2,6,7 3H]progesterone. A curve-fitting computer program showed that the data of [3H]progesterone metabolism best fit a two-compartment model. The MCR of non laying birds (163.2 +/- 6.4 (S.E.M.) ml/min) was significantly greater than that of laying hens (122.4 +/- 6.1 ml/min). The mean PR of progesterone in laying hens measured 8 h before and 8 h after the preovulatory peak of progesterone (42.498 +/- 6.509 ng/min per kg 0.75) was comparable to that of moulting hens (61.771 +/- 14.363 ng/min per kg 0.75). However, the PR of progesterone in hens when measured during the preovulatory surge of progesterone (254.335 +/- 53.972 ng/min per kg 0.75) was significantly greater than 8 h before and 8 h after the surge. There were no significant differences among groups in the t 1/2 of the distribution phase (combined mean, 1.03 +/- 0.05 min), biologically active t 1/2 (combined mean, 10.93 +/- 0.31 min) or Vd of the central compartment (VdA; combined mean, 609.4 +/- 46.7 ml). However, the Vd in the peripheral compartment (VdB) was significantly greater in non-laying birds (combined mean, 3891.3 +/- 399.5 ml) compared with that of laying hens (combined mean, 2879.2 +/- 154.4 ml). There was no significant difference for MCR (ml/min( and PR (ng/min) of progesterone for non-laying pullets between methods using a single injection or continuous infusion. However, when body weight differences between the two groups of pullets were taken into account and the values adjusted by covariance analysis, the MCR obtained with the continuous infusion method was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than the value obtained with the single injection method. It is concluded that (a) the preovulatory surge of progesterone is the result of an increase in the PR and not of a decrease in the MCR; (b) the lower MCR in laying hens compared with pullets and moulting hens is reflected by a smaller VdB, likely to be due to the presence of progesterone receptors of higher affinity and/or binding capacity in laying hens and to differences in extraction efficiency by progesterone-metabolizing organ systems; (c) t 1/2 in the hen would appear to be shorter than that reported for mammalian species. 24HD 12101 PMID- 7217833 TI - Progesterone concentrations in peripheral plasma of non-pregnant and pregnant grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis). AB - Plasma concentrations of progesterone in non-pregnant female grey squirrels were never greater than 3.2 nmol/l and no significant differences were found between levels in anoestrous, pro-oestrous and oestrous animals. During pregnancy, plasma concentrations of progesterone increased significantly and reached a maximum level of 318 nmol/l at around day 35 of the 44 day period of gestation. After parturition, plasma concentrations of progesterone fell sharply. The corpora lutea of pregnancy began to regress in size at about day 30 of gestation, before the maximum levels of progesterone in the plasma were reached, which suggests that there is an extra-ovarian source of progesterone. Chromatography of pregnancy plasma extracts showed that no significant amount of 5 alpha- or 5 beta pregnane-3,20-dione was present and that progesterone accounted for 90% of the assay-positive material in pregnancy plasma from grey squirrels. PMID- 7217835 TI - Differences in concentrations of plasma cortisol in the trout and the eel following adaptation to black or white backgrounds. AB - When rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and eels (Anguilla anguilla) were kept in black tanks for 3-4 weeks, their plasma cortisol titres were about fourfold higher tha in fish kept in white tanks. In trout, the difference was apparent only under a long photoperiod of 16 h light: 8 h darkness, but in eels the difference was clear under both a long or short photoperiod (9.5 h light: 14.5 darkness). It is suggested that the increase in plasma cortisol seen in black adapted fish is dependent on either ACTH or MSH secreted by the pars intermedia melanotrophs. No difference was seen in the total cortisol-binding capacity of the plasma nor in interrenal histology in trout from black or white backgrounds. PMID- 7217836 TI - Effect of testosterone on neuronal refractory periods, sexual behaviour and luteinizing hormone: a comparison of time-courses. AB - Measurements of the refractory period of stria terminalis neurones that are sensitive to testosterone propionate, of sexual behaviour and of plasma levels of LH were taken in castrated rats at various times after initiation of treatment with testosterone propionate. Levels of LH dropped within 24 h, before there was any change in neuronal refractory periods. The period of latency to mounting, however, was reduced to its shortest only after 7-8 days and ejaculations first occurred at the same time; these sexual responses correlated in time with reduction of the neuronal refractory period to its lowest level. PMID- 7217834 TI - Evidence that a placental factor other than androsterone or dihydrotestosterone inhibits oestrogen-induced lordosis behaviour in pregnant rats. AB - Daily administration of oestradiol benzoate, beginning 10 days after mating, stimulates lordosis behaviour in deciduomata-bearing pseudopregnant rats, but not in pregnant rats. The inhibition of this behaviour during pregnancy was not prevented by reducing the number of conceptuses to two, by removing the fetuses while leaving the placentas in utero, or by removing the ovaries and administering progesterone to prevent abortion. Removal of the uterus or fetuses and placentas on day 12, however, led to high levels of lordosis behaviour. Thus, it is likely that the placenta produces a factor which inhibits the behavioural responsiveness to oestrogen. Plasma levels of progesterone, androsterone and dihydrotestosterone were higher during the second half of pregnancy than in the second half of pseudopregnancy prolonged by uterine decidualization. The possible involvement of these steroids in the inhibition of lordosis behaviour was investigated by increasing their levels in deciduomata-bearing pseudopregnant rats and determining the effect on oestrogen-induced lordosis behavior. Little suppression of this behaviour was seen when the pseudopregnant rats were treated with progesterone or androsterone whereas treatment with dihydrotestosterone resulted in a significant inhibition of lordosis behavior. However, the dose of dihydrotestosterone required to do so resulted in high, non-physiological plasma levels of this steroid. No inhibition of lordosis behaviour was observed when dihydrotestosterone levels were approximately threefold those normally present in pregnant rats. It is concluded that none of these three steroids is primarily responsible for the suppression of lordosis behaviour during pregnancy. PMID- 7217837 TI - Induction of sexual receptivity in ovariectomized rats by pulse administration of oestradiol-17 beta. AB - Constant-release implants filled with oestradiol-17 beta induced sexual receptivity in ovariectomized rats in response to progesterone treatment if they were implanted 32 h before behavioural testing. A 20 h period of exposure to oestradiol, by implantation 32 h before testing and removal of the implants 20 h later, was sufficient for induction of the behaviour. The exposure time necessary for behavioural responses could be further reduced to two 4 h periods, between 32 and 28 h and between 16 and 12 h, before testing. Serum levels of oestradiol were raised within 1 h of oestradiol implantation and declined rapidly after implant removal. A single injection of oestradiol benzoate was much more potent than a single injection of oestradiol in inducing sexual receptivity in ovariectomized rats, but this difference in potency was reversed if two appropriately timed injections were given. Oestrone- or oestriol-filled implants were relatively ineffective in inducing sexual receptivity. It is suggested that oestradiol has to be present at crucial time points to prepare an ovariectomized rat to respond behaviourally to progesterone treatment and that oestradiol is the principal oestrogen in the stimulation of sexual behaviour in female rats. PMID- 7217838 TI - Evidence that progesterone does not inhibit the induction of sexual receptivity by oestradiol-17 beta in the rat. AB - Progesterone-filled constant-release implants facilitated the induction of sexual receptivity in ovariectomized rats given implants of oestradiol-17 beta precisely 32 h before testing, irrespective of the time of implantation. Inhibition by progesterone implants of the behavioural response to an injection of progesterone occurred after the facilitation 32 h after oestradiol implantation. Sexual receptivity could be induced in pseudopregnant rats in the absence of progesterone treatment by injection of 1 microgram oestradiol 32 and 16 h before testing at a time when endogenous serum levels of oestradiol were low and progesterone levels were high. The behavioural response of ovariectomized rats implanted with oestradiol and tested daily was unaffected by implantation of progesterone at the time of oestradiol implantation, although serum levels of progesterone varied with the number of progesterone implants inserted. Inhibition by progesterone implants of the behavioural response to an injection of progesterone 6 h before behavioural testing occurred only if the progesterone implants were present for at least 32 h of a 48 h period. Serum levels of progesterone were raised within 1 h of progesterone implantation and declined within a 6 h period after implant removal. It is concluded that progesterone does not inhibit the behavioral effect of oestradiol and that progesterone does not play an inhibitory role in the regulation of the behavioural oestrous cycle in our strain of rats. PMID- 7217839 TI - Concentrations of oestradiol and oestrone in plasma, uterus and other tissues of fetal guinea-pigs: their relationship to uptake and specific binding of [3H]oestradiol. AB - The concentrations of unconjugated oestradiol-17 beta and oestrone have been measured by radioimmunoassay in the plasma of fetal, newborn and immature guinea pigs. In fetal plasma, the values of oestradiol ranged from 15 to 50 pg/ml with no significant variations with gestational age except for an abrupt increase at the very end of gestation (148 pg/ml). Low concentrations of oestradiol were also found postnatally (from not detectable to 31 pg/ml) as well as in maternal plasma (22 pg/ml). The values of oestrone were consistently higher in all plasma regardless of age (43--164 pg/ml). Oestrogen concentrations were also determined in the fetal uterus, lung, kidney and brain and were found to be as much as 60 times higher (per g tissue) than in plasma, especially in the fetal uterus which contained four to five times more than the other tissues. These data correlated well with a 20--90 times greater uptake of [3H]oestradiol by the fetal uterus compared with the other tissues after in-vivo administration of [3H]oestradiol to the fetuses. The selective retention of oestradiol was probably due to the presence of specific oestradiol binding in these fetal tissues, particularly in the uterus whose binding was 60--120 times higher than in the other fetal tissues. Thus, the levels of oestrogen in the circulation of fetal guinea-pigs are low, but the fetal uterus is capable of maintaining a higher concentration which may be important physiologically since oestradiol has been shown to evoke a biological response in the fetal guinea-pig uterus. PMID- 7217841 TI - Reproductive capacities of control mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) during a one-generation reproduction study. AB - The Mallard duck (Anas Platyrhynchos) is the waterfowl model of choice for testing the reproductive impairment of pesticides and environmental contaminants. The literature contains numerous reports on the effects of pesticides on egg shell development for mallards, quail and other avian species. Limited control data for reproductive evaluation of pesticides can be found. This paper summarizes one generation reproduction results from 75 control female mallard ducks. One male and five female adult ducks were housed in clean pens with tap water and game bird breeder ration available ad libitum. The pre-egg laying cycle was ten weeks in duration. For the first eight weeks, the photoperiod was seven hours light per day, after which the photoperiod was increased to 17 hours to induce egg laying. Eggs were collected daly for eight weeks and incubated. Shell thickness was measured on one egg from each pen bi-weekly. The mean reproductive indices are as follows: Eggs Cracked/Eggs Laid - 2.18%; Viable 11-Day Embryos/Eggs Set-85.2%; Live 21-Day Embryos/Viable 11-Day Survivors-97.6%; Hatchlings/Live 21-Day Embryos-80.6%; and 14-Day Survivors/Hatchlings-89.3%. The mean egg shell thickness for 60 eggs is 0.378 millimeters. PMID- 7217840 TI - Dietary nutrients and contaminants in laboratory animal experimentation. AB - Analyses for selected components in random samples of natural product diets for experimental rodents revealed significant variations in content of nutrients and contaminants in various lots of feed. Modification of the diet and contamination with any of several toxicants appreciably affected the responses of experimental animals to specific drugs or chemicals under test, which could cause biased interpretation of results. Therefore, continuous monitoring of laboratory animals' diets and maintenance of quality control are necessary. For example, low magnesium concentrations may affect the kidney; excessive calcium concentration may influence absorption and utilization of zinc; excesses of vitamins A and D are highly toxic; deficiency or excess of selenium affects biological systems; and poor protein quality may provide inadequate or imbalanced amino acids and thereby influence structure and function of animal systems in experimental studies. Important contaminants are the mycotoxins (particularly aflatoxin), heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic), nitrates and nitrosamine (N dimethylnitrosamine), chlorinated hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 7217842 TI - Effect of cigarette smoke inhalation during pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Pregnant 9 weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to the smoke of different research cigarettes (C1-C7). The cigarettes were different in smoke nicotine, condensate and carbon monoxide. The animals were divided in groups inhaling different smoke concentrations, numbers of inhalations per day and time periods per pregnancy. Carbon monoxide and dioxide content in the inhalation chamber increased dependent on time and concentration of smoke inhalation. Both parameters were highest after inhalation of smoke from cigarette C2. The weight of the pregnant rats was reduced after inhalation of high concentrations of smoke from cigarette C1 and c2. Weight and length of fetuses were reduced dependent on number and duration of smoke inhalation. High concentrations of cigarette smoke, twice daily for 21 days were more effective than smoke inhalation in the second part of the pregnancy. Inhalation of cigarette smoke during the second half of the pregnancy was more effective than smoke inhalation in the first ten days of pregnancy. cigarette C1 reduced the length and weight of fetuses more than cigarette C2 when concentration and number of inhalations per day were the same. The vapor phase in both cigarettes was not as effective as the total smoke. Resorptions and stillbirths were independent of treatment. Malformations were diagnosed only in one fetus. PMID- 7217843 TI - A subvertebrate system for rapid determination of potential teratogenic hazards. AB - The multiplicity of potential teratogenic mechanisms requires that a practical screening system for developmental hazards simultaneously assess effects on as wide a variety of developmental phenomena as possible. The system also must provide the relevant dose level based on adult toxicity. A fresh water coelenterate fashioned into an artificial "embryo" may provide the former, while exposure of adult polyps may provide the latter. The system appears to separate the two dose levels as adequately as standard laboratory rodents but as significantly lower cost in time and effort. PMID- 7217844 TI - Subchronic toxicity of acrylamide administered to rats in the drinking water followed by up to 144 days of recovery. AB - Groups of male and female Fischer 344 rats were administered acrylamide in their drinking water at 0, 0.05, 0.2, 1, 5, or 20 mg/kg/day for up to 93 days. Following the administration of acrylamide in the drinking water, male rats from each dose level were held for up to 144 days of recovery. The 20 mg/kg/day groups had definite treatment-related effects after 92 (males) and 93 (females) days. They were dragging the rear limbs, body weights were decreased, serum cholinesterase activity was decreased in top dose females, and packed cell volume, red blood cell, and hemoglobin values were slightly decreased in males and females. In the 20 mg/kg/day groups, the primary target tissue was the peripheral nerve with lesions consisting of severe degeneration characterized by demyelinization and axonal loss. Slight spinal cord degeneration was observed. Other effects included atrophy of skeletal muscle, testicular atrophy, and distended urinary bladders; these were probably secondary to the nerve degeneration. After 144 days of recovery, the lesions had partially or completely reversed. Parameters affected at the 5 mg/kg/day dose level after 92 (males) and 93 (females) days consisted of peripheral nerve degeneration which were of a lesser degree of severity than those seen in the 20 mg/kg/day groups and appeared to have completely reversed after 111 days of recovery. In rats given 1 mg/kg/day, a minimal treatment-related effect was observed in males after 92 days, and this was limited to very slight nerve degeneration using electron microscopy (females were not examined by electron microscopy). This observed effect appeared to have reversed after 25 days of recovery. No treatment-related effects were seen in any of the parameters monitored in the rats given 0.05 or 0.2 mg/kg/day of acrylamide. PMID- 7217845 TI - Inhibition of microsomal metabolism and chemical oncogenesis in culture by naphthalene quinones. AB - A series of naphthalene diols, quinones, and related compounds were examined for their ability to inhibit mixed-function oxidase in liver microsomes obtained from rats which had been pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-Mc) or phenobarbital (PB). Using benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase as a measure of mixed-function oxidase activity, it was found that phenanthrene-9, 10-quinone was the most active compound tested with a K1 = 0.79 microM. Phenanthrene-9, 10-quinone did not affect cytochrome c reductase but did inhibit aminopyrine N-demethylase and p nitroanisole-O-demethylase in both 3-MC and PB-induced microsome with almost identical inhibition constants. 1,2-Naphthoquinone exerted similar effects as phenanthrene-9,10-quinone on cytochrome c reductase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase. Both quinones stimulated NADPH oxidase activity but the extent of this stimulation did not explain their inhibition of microsomal oxidation. Kinetic studies using benzo(a)-pyrene monooxygenase with phenanthrene 9, 10-quinone and 1,2-naphthoquinone indicated that they were noncompetitive with benzo(a)pyrene and mixed noncompetitive with NADPH. Both of these quinones inhibited benzo(a)pyrene induced oncogenic transformation in C3H10T1/2CL8 cells in culture in a dose response manner, presumably by inhibition of the cellular microsomal enzyme which activate benzo(a)pyrene. Phenanthrene-9, 10-quinone and 1,2-naphthoquinone seem to inhibit microsomal oxidative processes by interaction at the level of cytochrome P-450 possibly with a cytochrome P-450-substrate oxygen complex. PMID- 7217846 TI - The effect of bis(p-chlorophenyl) acetic acid on the renal function of the rat. AB - The principle water-soluble metabolite of DDT in mammals has been shown to be DDA (bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid). Previous studies suggested that DDA was secreted by the renal proximal tubule and was reabsorbed at an unspecified site in the nephron. Since DDA has been known to produce alterations in cellular functions, the present study examined the possibility that the renal transport of DDA was capable of causing acute nephrotoxicity. When 100 mg/kg of DDA was infused iv into the rat during a 90 min period, there was a significant decrease (congruent to 20%) in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after 110 min from the start of administration. During these experiments, there was no change in the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), urine flow rate (V), renal clearance of tetraethylammonium (CTEA) or fractional reabsorption of Na (FRNa). After 200 mg/kg of DDA was infused iv into the rat during a 90 min period, there was a 60% decrease in the GFR, CTEA and V. However, the decrease in renal function was accompanied by a dramatic reduction in MABP (125 to 60 mmHg). To determine whether DDA could have produced acute renal failure when the perfusion pressure was kept constant, isolated kidney experiments were performed. In these experiments, DDA (1.0 mM) was present in a dextran perfusate and the perfusion pressure was kept constant at 90 mmHg. During these experiments, the GFR, V and FRNa were decreased significantly. The results indicated that a high perfusate concentration of DDA caused acute renal failure in the isolated kidney which was produced even when the perfusion pressure was kept constant. In conclusion, DDA produced renal failure in vivo which was associated with a reduction in renal perfusion pressure; however, perfused kidney experiments indicated that DDA could have caused a direct effect on nephron function. PMID- 7217847 TI - Pheochromocytoma in rats: incidence, etiology, morphology and functional activity. AB - The incidence of spontaneous pheochromocytoma in rats varies with the strain, sex, age and diet of the animals. Treatment with growth hormone, estrogens, or radiation is associated with the occurrence of pheochromocytoma in the rat. Histological evidence and transplantation studies indicate that pheochromocytoma in rats possesses a low grade of malignancy. A transplantable radiation-induced pheochromocytoma model has been shown to be functionally active. PMID- 7217848 TI - Comparative in vitro metabolisms of dimethylnitrosamine in animals of six different species. AB - The in vitro metabolisms of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) by liver slices and microsomal + soluble fractions, respectively, were studied in the rat, guinea pig, cat, duck, lizard and monkey using disappearance of DMN and the formation of formaldehyde, in situ, as indices of the decomposition of the compound. All the animal species investigated metabolised DMN, and the rate of metabolism of the compound was highest in media containing cat tissue and lowest in that containing duck tissue. The rat and guinea pig however appeared to metabolise DMN at comparable rates. Our results would suggest that DMN demethylase activity in the liver is a linear function of time. These results are discussed in relation to the toxicity of possible DMN metabolites. PMID- 7217849 TI - Ultrastructure of spontaneous neoplasms induced by diethylnitrosamine and dieldrin in the C3H mouse. AB - The spontaneous hepatocellular neoplasms of C3H (MTV-ve) male mice were compared with the hepatic tumors induced in these animals by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and dieldrin. No morphologic differences could be detected by light or electron microscopy between the spontaneous and induced lesions. However, the animals given diethylnitrosamine or dieldrin developed the lesions earlier, in greater numbers and of larger size. The earliest change was the development of foci composed of clear cells. Later nodules appeared which were composed of clear or basophilic cells. These lesions were followed by and presumably progressed to nodules of trabecular hepatocellular carcinomas. It is postulated that in this series, the first morphological step in the neoplastic transformation is the appearance of unusually clear hepatocytes. Ultrastructurally, the clear cells had increased glycogen and lipid droplets and a decrease in smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The basophilic cells seen later resembled the clear cells except for having a greatly increased rough endoplasmic reticulum. Trabecular hepatocellular carcinomas differed from benign nodules in the greater secretory activity of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, in the development of basement membranes at the vascular pole and of microvilli along the lateral cell membranes. The stepwise progression of normal hepatocytes to hepatocellular carcinoma is discussed on the basis of these sequential light microscopic and ultrastructural observations. PMID- 7217850 TI - Histopathologic study of adverse effects of linoleic acid on rat lung. AB - Linoleic acid administered intravenously was highly toxic to the rat lung. The severity of the toxicity paralleled the dosage administered and was characterized by generalized, irreversible damage to alveolar wall structures. Although evidence of tissue damage was not apparent or minimal by light microscopy, ultrastructural studies disclosed extensive degeneration and necrosis of septal wall components with 15 minutes following injection of low dosages of linoleic acid. Degeneration of endothelial cells was most severe suggesting that these cells were the target of injury resulting in impaired vascular integrity, interstitial and alveolar edema, and degeneration of type 1 pneumocytes. Fragmentation and stripping of endothelium from capillary basement membranes was uniformly present and was in some instances associated with platelet aggregation indicative of early thrombosis. These studies suggest that this toxic effect on septal capillaries leading to increased permeability and alveolar edema may be a contributing factor to death occurring from free fatty acid toxicity in the human. PMID- 7217851 TI - Subchronic oral toxicity of BaCl2 in rats. AB - Groups of young adult rats of both sexes were exposed to 0, 10, 50, or 250 mg/liter (ppm) of barium as barium chloride in drinking water for 4, 8, or 13 weeks. No adverse effects related to barium ingestion were observed in food consumption, clinical signs, body weight, hematologic parameters (i.e., hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell count, leukocyte count, prothrombin time, and fibrinogen), serum enzyme activities (i.e., SGOT, SGPT, and blood urea nitrogen), serum ions (i.e., Na, K, and Ca), gross pathology, and histopathology. Water consumption was slightly depressed in the highest dose group. A slight decrease in the relative weight of adrenals of treated vs. control animals was observed. Increasing dose, but not duration of exposure, produced related increases in barium concentrations in liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and bone, with the highest concentrations observed in bone. PMID- 7217852 TI - Amikacin nephrotoxicity in the rat. AB - When amikacin was administered to Fischer rats at a dose of 120 mg/kg/day for up to 14 days, renal proximal tubule cells became vacuolated, but BUN and creatinine remained normal. Renal cortical drug levels rose steadily throughout the treatment period. When, in a second trial of the same duration, the drug dose was tripled, focal proximal tubular necrosis, then regeneration, occurred and the animals became azotemic. Tissue drug concentrations peaked and began to decline during the treatment period, having reached levels more than three times higher than achieved at the lower dose. Ultrastructural changes were similar to those observed with other aminoglycosides. The results indicate that amikacin is less nephrotoxic than gentamicin and more toxin than tobramycin and netilmicin in the Fischer rat. PMID- 7217854 TI - Linear interpolation algorithm for low dose risk assessment of toxic substances. AB - In order to detect potential toxic effects of substances, relatively high doses generally are administered to relatively small numbers of laboratory animals. It is impossible to estimate low levels of disease incidence with precision at low environmental dose levels even with large numbers of laboratory animals. However, upper limits on risk can be obtained for convex dose response curves by linear interpolation between the lowest experimental dose level and zero. A simple mathematical algorithm is provided for low dose risk assessment from dose response data and the performance of this procedure is evaluated for a variety of toxicological data, including but not limited to carcinogenesis. The low dose confidence limits resulting from linear interpolation are similar to those obtained from the Armitage-Doll multistage model. PMID- 7217853 TI - Technical problems in determining safe re-entry intervals. AB - Organophosphate pesticide residues have been responsible for periodic outbreaks of acute intoxication among California fieldworkers for over 30 years. In 1971, California established 're-entry intervals' to protect workers against overexposure to these residues. These intervals are stipulated times which must elapse between pesticide application and entry into the field for work involving substantial foliar or soil contact. The re-entry strategy depends upon a relatively predictable relation between time post-application and the level of the pesticide residue. It now appears that there are thiophosphates for which the residue hazard is not related to time in a stable way. This circumstance and the continued occurrence of poisoning incidents have focused attention on the quantitative aspects of the relationships between pesticide residue and toxicological response in humans. In the last decade, considerable progress has been made in elucidating these relationships and it now appears to be possible to outline the data requirements for a comprehensive regulatory solution to this longstanding occupational health problem. PMID- 7217855 TI - Mutagenicity of secalonic acid D in mice. AB - Secalonic acid D is an acutely toxic and teratogenic mycotoxin, produced by Penicillium oxalicum in corn. Two rodent mutagenicity tests, the dominant lethal test designed to evaluate male germ cell mutations and the micronucleus test designed to evaluate somatic cell mutations, were conducted in mice to assess the carcinogenic potential of secalonic acid D. Data obtained indicate that the positive control compound triethylene melamine (TEM) induced dominant lethal mutations during weeks 1 through 4 after administration to male mice and also resulted in a greatly increased population of micronucleated polychromatic (immature) erythrocytes in bone marrow of treated male mice. Secalonic acid D, however, failed to induce dominant lethal mutations but produced a slight but statistically significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mouse bone marrow at maximally tolerated doses. It is concluded that secalonic acid D may e weakly mutagenic in a mouse somatic cell mutation system. PMID- 7217857 TI - GLP problems from the point of view of the university. PMID- 7217856 TI - The future challenge for anatomic pathology. AB - Review of the recent literature indicated, that the general interest in anatomic pathology is declining and the value of "routine" autopsies is debated, since they disclose merely different degrees of degenerative changes, without any explanation as to their possible causes. Today it is an accepted fact, that rapid changes in man's environment represents a serious health hazard. The acute cases of fulminating poisoning by different pollutants are well established, but the effects of insidiously deposited environmental agents in the body in microgram doses need to be investigated. The systematic study of the relationship between the deposited environmental materials during life and the tissue alterations would be a challenging role for anatomic pathology. To achieve this task, it will be necessary to re-tool the 19th century autopsy room where microbiological agents were recognized as the primary health hazard, to a 20th century laboratory with instruments capable of exact quantitation, which recognizes the microchemical agents as a danger to health. The concept of Environmental Research Pathology is proposed in a programmatic outline form. PMID- 7217858 TI - Epidemiology of field re-entry poisoning. PMID- 7217859 TI - Effects of lead, cadmium and methylmercury on immunological memory. AB - The memory response of lymphocytes to antigen was altered in mice exposed to lead, cadmium, or methylmercury. Both lead (1300 ppm) and methylmercury(10 ppm) impaired the memory response while cadmium (300 ppm) stimulated memory. Memory was significantly affected only at the largest dosages where toxic signs were generally detected. The lower dosages did not affect the memory of lymphocytes which produce antibody. These data suggest that the T lymphocyte rather than the B lymphocyte is the cell affected when the secondary immune response is altered after exposure to subclinical amounts of these environmental contaminants. PMID- 7217860 TI - Immunocompetence over the lifespan of mice exposed in utero to carbofuran or diazinon: I. Changes in serum immunoglobulin concentrations. AB - Pregnant F2 dihybrid mice received either a vehicle-control or 1 of 2 doses of the anticholinesterase pesticides Carbofuran (0.01 or 0.50 mg/kg) or Diazinon (0.18 or 9.00 mg/kg) in the diet daily throughout gestation. All mothers gave birth to viable, overtly normal offspring at term. However, a significant number (12%) of pups born to dams who received 9.00 mg/kg Diazinon died prior to weaning on day 28; necropsy findings were consistent with death from respiratory infection. There was no significant difference in mortality between control and pesticide-exposed offspring once they reached 28 days of age. Determinations of 5 different classes of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations (IgG1,IgG2a,IgG2b, IgA, IgM) at 101, 400 and 800 days of age indicated transient but consistent disturbances of 2 Ig classes in offspring as a result of prenatal pesticide exposure. IgG1 concentrations of male offspring exposed to 0.50 mg/kg Carbofuran or 0.18 mg/kg Diazinon were significantly elevated at 101 days but not at 400 or 800 days of age. IgG1 concentrations of female offspring exposed to 0.01 mg/kg Carbofuran or 9.00 mg/kg Diazinon were significantly depressed at 101 days but not different from controls at 400 or 800 days of age. Changes in IgG2b levels generally were similar to those recorded for IgG1 but of smaller magnitude. There were no significant effects on serum IgG2b or IgM concentrations, and only equivocal effects on IgA, as a consequence of prenatal exposure to either pesticide. PMID- 7217861 TI - Immunotoxicology studies of sodium arsenate-effects of exposure on tumor growth and cell-mediated tumor immunity. AB - Exposure of mice to sodium arsenate (Na2HAs04) at levels of 2.5, 25 and 100 ppm As in the drinking water for 10-12 weeks increased the latent period and decreased the incidence of tumors induced by injection of MSB sarcoma cells. Tumor growth and regression induced by Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) was not significantly affected by arsenic exposure. Cell mediated tumor immunity was either unaffected or enhanced by exposure to arsenic. Our results indicate that chronic exposure to sodium arsenate at arsenic levels as high as 100 ppm is not detrimental to mice in terms of tumor growth and immunosuppression. PMID- 7217862 TI - Neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions induced in female C3H mice by diets containing diethylstilbestrol or 17 beta-estradiol. AB - To study the long term effects of estrogenic diets, 2160 virgin female C3H/Hel mice, having a high titer to the mammary tumor virus factor (MMTV), were fed diets containing 0, 10, 100, 500, or 1000 ppb diethylstilbestrol (DES) or 100, 1000, or 5000 ppb 17 beta-estradiol (E2) from 6 to 110 weeks of age; 1368 virgin female C3HeB/FeJ mice, having a low titer to the MMTV, were fed diets containing 0, 10, 1000, or 500 ppb DES from 6 to 136 weeks. In estrogen-treated mice, the incidence of cervical adenosis and of mammary hyperplastic alveolar nodules was increased and the time to development of mammary adenocarcinomas was shortened. These changes tended to increase with dose and time and appeared earlier in the C3H/HeJ mice. Other tumors observed included 32 cervical and 20 endometrial adenocarcinomas, 16 cervical granular cell myoblastomas, 12 peritoneal mesotheliomas involving the uterus, 2 cervical and 4 vaginal squamous cell carcinomas, 2 ovarian teratomas, 6 osteosarcomas, 25 pheochromocytomas and 3 thyroid carcinomas. Of these tumors, 1 cervical and 2 endometrial adenocarcinomas, and 4 pheochromocytomas occurred in C3HeB/FeJ control mice at 104-130 weeks; none occurred in C3H/HeJ controls. This study indicates that the MMTV facilitates the development of mammary lesions in C3H mice, that estrogens predispose C3H mice to endometrial and cervical adenocarcinomas, and that cervical adenosis may be a precursor of cervical adenocarcinoma in C3H mice and serve as an early indicator of the potential uterine carcinogenicity of a test compound. It supports the view that the C3H mouse may serve as an animal model for uterine adenocarcinomas and adenosis in women exposed to estrogens. PMID- 7217863 TI - Influence of diet on hexachlorobenzene accumulation in Osborne Mendel rats. AB - Diet has been found to significantly affect hexachlorobenzene (HCB) accumulation in 20-week old female Osborne Mendel rats. These animals were all fed mg/kg body weight HCB/day for 6, 12 and 18 days, high carbohydrate (67.7% w/w) or high fat (45.3% w/w) diets which were isocaloric with respect to protein. The effect of two sources of carbohydrate, cornstarch and sucrose, on the accumulation of HCB was studied in separate experiments. Feeding the high fat diet not only resulted in higher carcass fat content but also promoted HCB accumulation in the perirenal fat pad, gastrocnemius muscle and liver. these same tissues from obese animals fed the high fat diet had substantially higher fat levels than those fed high carbohydrate diets. Much less HCB was present in the feces of animals fed the high fat ration so the high fat diet presumably facilitated HCB absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The differences in HCB accumulation in rats fed diets with different carbohydrate sources were slight, but the sucrose diet promoted greater HCB accumulation than the cornstarch diet. PMID- 7217864 TI - The migration of presumptive primordial germ cells through the endodermal cell mass in Xenopus laevis: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - Presumptive primordial germ cells (pPGCs) were examined during migration from their deep endodermal position to the endodermal crest in Xenopus laevis, using light and electron microscopy with Epon sections, and several morphological characteristics of pPGCs, associated with their migration, were revealed. pPGCs displayed polymorphism, with smooth contours. The intercellular space around the PGCs was large and variable in width and cytoplasmic processes from pPGCs were occasionally observed in it. It was shown quantitatively that pPGCs at the migratory stage had a tendency to move with the leading end, towards which the nucleus was localized, dragging the germinal plasm behind. These polarized pPGCs were frequently associated with large intercellular spaces, both at their leading and trailing ends. Cytoplasmic processes of polarizing pPGCs found in the large intercellular space at the leading end were conspicuous. Ultrastructurally, the nuclei of pPGCs were euchromatic, and the nucleolus was prominent. The germinal plasm at the light microscope level corresponded to the cytoplasmic area near the nucleus where a large number of mitochondria with well-developed cristae and most of the other organelles were aggregated. Centrioles and centriole-associated microtubules observed in the aggregate were thought to be important structures responsible for the cell polarization mentioned above. It was demonstrated quantitatively that the size of mitochondria in pPGCs was larger on average than that of mitochondria in neighbouring somatic endodermal cells. Numerous irregularly shaped small yolk platelets characterized pPGCs. These ultrastructural features suggested that pPGCs were in an activated metabolic state. It was concluded that the migration of pPGCs was attributable to active movement with high cell metabolism, causing the formation of cell processes and intracellular polarization. PMID- 7217865 TI - Polyploidization of extraembryonic tissues during mouse embryogenesis. AB - It has recently been shown that visceral yolk-sac endoderm is derived from the primitive endoderm of the 4.5-day mouse blastocyst (Gardner & Papaioannou, 1975; Gardner & Rossant, 1979). During development, primitive endodermal cells acquire nuclei with more than four times the haploid amount of DNA. The finding of metaphases with multiple sets of chromosomes suggests that the diploid precursors of such endodermal giant cells become truly polyploid. Amniotic cells also contain giant nuclei but the mechanism by which these arise is uncertain. The giant-cell transformation therefore appears to be a general feature of mouse extraembryonic development rather than a phenomenon restricted solely to trophoblast. The basis and significance of these findings are discussed in relation to the development of other extraembryonic membranes both of plant and animal origin. PMID- 7217866 TI - Somite formation in cultured embryos of the snapping turtle. Chelydra serpentina. AB - A simple, reliable method for the in vitro cultivation of snapping turtle embryos was demonstrated. This technique was used to study somite formation in explants containing segmental plates. Segmental plates formed a full complement of somites whether the neural tube or the neural tube and notochord was present. Explanted snapping turtle segmental plates formed an average of 6.6 +/- 1.2 somites. Removal of the node region or tail bud from cultured intact embryos led to a cessation of somite formation after an additional 6.1 +/- 1.8 somites had formed. These results indicate the number of somites the snapping turtle segmental plate will form. Also, the number of somites formed by explanted segmental plates showed only slight variation over a wide range of segmental plate lengths. It was concluded that while snapping turtle segmental plates formed significantly fewer somites than chicken or Japanese quail segmental plates, they were similar to the avian explants in their ability to form a consistent number of somites regardless of the length of the segmental plate. PMID- 7217868 TI - Ectoderm and mesoderm interactions in the limb bud of the chick embryo studied by transfilter cultures: cartilage differentiation and ultrastructural observations. AB - The wing mesoderm of the chick embryo cultured in vitro without ectoderm is able to differentiate into cartilage from stage 17 (Hamburger & Hamilton, 1951). But before this stage the presence of ectoderm is necessary. In transfilter cultures of wing-bud ectoderm and mesoderm, the mesodermal response as measured by chondrogenesis was directly related to the pore size (0.2--1 micrometer) of the filter. Filters of 0.2 micrometer pore size and 10 micrometer thickness gave no increase in chondrogenesis over that of mesoderm cultures alone. The lower face of filters on the upper face of which mesoderm or ectoderm has been cultured was observed by scanning electron microscopy. With ectoderm, no cell processes crossed the filter. In contrast, with mesoderm, cell processes crossed the filter and this was also related to pore size. A good correlation was observed between the mass and density of processes crossing the filter and the mesodermal response. It is concluded that induction of cartilage in limb mesoderm cannot be classified as a 'long-range transmission' system. It requires ectoderm and mesoderm to be separated by a very narrow gap and this condition can be brought about in vitro by extension of mesodermal processes through the filter close to the ectoderm. The results are discussed in relation to a possible role of the basement membrane and associated extracellular matrix in limb cartilage induction. PMID- 7217867 TI - The in vitro culture of primitive-streak-stage mouse embryos. AB - The in vitro growth and morphogenesis of mouse embryos from early primitive streak stage to early-somite stage is described. The embryo culture method employs a static culture system, a conventional chemically defined medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium), supplemented with additional glucose, glutamine and suitably prepared serum. The method of serum preparation is important for successful culture. Both mouse serum and rat serum support good development of primitive-streak-stage mouse embryos. Over 60% of early-streak stage and about 90% of late-streak stage grow and develop for 48 h in vitro. During the first 24 h in culture, total growth of the embryos as reflected by protein content, size and morphology is the same as in vivo. PMID- 7217870 TI - Cellular morphology in haploid amphibian embryos. AB - External surfaces of haploid and diploid embryos of Bombina orientalis were examined with the scanning electron microscope to determine the possible contribution of cellular morphology to the amphibian haploid syndrome. Cellular anomalies were prevalent in all surface areas of haploid embryos. The epithelium appeared uneven due to the displacement of ciliated cells and the rounded surfaces of the non-ciliated cells. The ratio of ciliated to non-ciliated cells was altered in comparison to diploid embryos. Cells of the gill filaments and adhesive organs were abnormal in morphology, and the adhesive organs themselves were fused into a single large rudiment in haploid embryos. Uniformity of cell size was markedly reduced in head regions of haploid embryos with severe microcephaly. Haploid and diploid embryos elaborated mucoid matrices over the surface cells when removed from the fertilization envelope. It is apparent that aberrant cellular morphologies are widespread in haploid embryos, and it is likely that these defects are major contributors to the gross morphological anomalies of the haploid syndrome. PMID- 7217869 TI - Changes in protein synthesis during differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells, and a comparison with embryo cells. AB - Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to find changes in protein synthesis occurring as pluripotent embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells differentiate to give embryoid bodies in vitro. 2-D patterns from other embryonic cell lines, and from the inner cell mass (ICM) cells of mouse embryos, were also analysed for the expression of those proteins showing some change during embryoid body formation and for overall differences between these and the EC cells. Most changes in protein synthesis occurred before 12 h but endoderm was not discerned morphologically on the outside of EC cell clumps until at least 18 h after their suspension. The number of changes occurring is small compared with the number of polypeptides resolved, but is in line with similar studies. Comparisons with nullipotent EC cells and an endodermal cell line have allowed these changes to be assigned, tentatively, to the different cell types within embryoid bodies, and may allow them to be used as markers of differentiation. Comparisons between the 2-D patterns derived from ICMs and EC cells reveal substantial differences between the two that might not have been expected from their developmental homology. The importance of these differences to their pluripotentiality is discussed. PMID- 7217871 TI - Coaggregation and formation of a joint myocardial tissue by embryonic mammalian and avian heart cells. AB - Intercellular adhesion and tissue reconstruction from homologous dissociated embryonic cells from two species were studied. Dissociated 12-day-old embryonic rat heart cells and 50-h-old embryonic chick heart cells were labeled with tritiated thymidine and allowed to aggregate in Erlenmeyer flasks during rotation culture on a gyratory water-bath shaker. The cultures were continued for 72 h. Cell aggregates were examined microscopically for evidence of contractility and subsequently processed at intervals between 1 and 72 h for transmission electron microscopic autoradiography. Rat and chick hearts used in this study appeared comparable in their stage of development and cellular composition. With the exception of mature blood cells and some fibroblastic non-muscle cells, all chick cardiac muscle cells were labeled with tritiated thymidine. As the cultures continued, aggregates increased in size by continuous accretion of cells and joining of small clusters. The cells within these mixed aggregates exhibited synchronous contractility from 1 h until the cultures were terminated. Most of the aggregation in both control and mixed aggregates was completed within 24 h. Control aggregates consisted of cells from a single species, either chick or rat. Approximately 18% of labeled chick cardiac muscle cells established intercellular contacts and junctions with unlabeled rat cardiac muscle cells after 6 h of culture. This increased to 72% after 72 h in culture. The junctions observed between chick and rat cardiac muscle cells were desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. Approximately 13% of the cardiac muscle cells of one species either chick or rat were found scattered within clusters which contained 15% of the cells from the other species after 72 h of culture. These scattered cells did not form junctions with monospecific cell groups. The implications of these intercellular adhesions between the same and different species are discussed, bearing two hypothesis in mind: (1) Moscona and collaborators, (2) Burdick and Steinberg. This study suggests that cellular as well as species identity plays an important role in the determination of intercellular adhesion among the embryonic cells from different species. PMID- 7217872 TI - Sterility in mutant (tLx/tLy) male mice. I. A morphological study of spermiogenesis. AB - The results from a comparative ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis in 6-, 10 , 14- and 17-month-old sterile t6/tw32, and fertile T/t6, T/tw32 and BALB/c, mice are reported. The studies show that all of the males contained the same types of defective spermatids and that defects were not limited to specific spermatid stages. Younger males had fewer abnormal spermatids than older males of the same genotype and at each age the BALB/c and t6/tw32 males appeared to contain more abnormal spermatids than the other males. No unique spermatid defect or increased frequency of a specific defect was found which can be correlated with infertility of the t6/tw32 males. PMID- 7217873 TI - Positional information around the segments of the cockroach leg. AB - Epidermal cells from different circumferential positions around the femur of Blabera craniifer can interact to form an intercalary regenerate consisting of that section of the circumference normally separating graft and host positions, by the shorter route. This results is extended to other leg segments; the tibia and coxa (TT and CC Grafts). Grafting strips of integument from the tibia (TF Grafts) or the coxa (CF Grafts) to a corresponding position on the host femur results in simple healing. Grafting to a non-corresponding position leads to intercalation of the shorter intermediate arc of circumference, composed partly of graft-segment and partly of host-segment structures. These results show that that same continuous sequence of positional values is distributed around the circumferences of the coxa, femur and tibia. Cellular interactions along the edges of strip-grafts obey the Shortest Intercalation Rule. At the ends of strip grafts intercalation usually restores continuity of positional values where possible but, when a complete circumference is generated, a supernumerary distal regenerate is usually formed. This is in general agreement with the Complete Circle Rule and the exceptions are discussed. In intercalary regeneration following the intersegmental strip-grafts, the host femur cells seem unable to intercalate beyond two positions (posterior/internal and posterior/external). These lineage restrictions operating during regeneration indicate that the cockroach leg, like the Drosophila leg disc, may consist of an anterior and a (smaller) posterior 'compartment'. PMID- 7217874 TI - Distal regeneration in proximal fragments of the wing disc of Drosophila. AB - The rules governing proximo-distal regeneration in the wing disc of Drosophila were investigated. It was found that proximal fragments confined to either anterior or posterior compartments could not regenerate distally, although many fragments having tissue from both compartments could do so even in the absence of circumferential regeneration. Fragments containing the ventral but not the dorsal end of the anterior-posterior border were able to regenerate distally. The use of a cuticular marker in the posterior compartment very close to the border permitted precise localization of the tissue required to cause anterio fragments to regenerate distally; in anterior fragments cut close to the border, there was an almost perfect correlation between possession of this marker and distal regeneration. It was found however, that distal regeneration was not an all-or none phenomenon; its extent was dependent on the total amount of tissue present from both compartments. PMID- 7217875 TI - Vitamin A alters the internal viscosity of fragments of limb-bud mesenchyme. AB - Two techniques were used to examine the effect of vitamin A compounds (vitamin A acid = retinoic acid and vitamin A acetate) upon the relative strengths of adhesion among mouse limb-bud mesenchymal cells. Treatment with retinoic acid in vivo and with vitamin A acetate in vitro reduced the rate at which the fragments of mesenchyme rounded-up when cultured on a non-adhesive substratum, but these compounds did not alter the behavior of tissues tested in fragment-fusion experiments. These conflicting results indicate that the two tests measure different activities of cells and suggest that treatment with vitamin A alters the property(ies) of cells which regulate the internal viscosity of tissues. PMID- 7217876 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of wound healing in Xenopus and chicken embryos. AB - Wound closure in the ectoderm of Xenopus early neurulae and chick primitive streak embryos has been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Initial gaping of the wound and a cobble-stone appearance of cells peripheral to the wound in both Xenopus and chick confirm that the ectoderm is under lateral tension at these stages. Healing is rapid: in Xenopus embryos wound closure has started within 5 min of wounding; in chick healing is almost complete within 30 min in some cases. The SEM observations suggest that in Xenopus embryos changes in cell shape are the major mechanism for wound closure. In chick embryos wound healing is also accompanied by changes in the shape of the marginal cells, but evidence is presented that in this system cell proliferation is important. The mechanisms of wound healing in Xenopus and chick embryonic ectoderm are compared with those of wound healing in other tissues. PMID- 7217877 TI - Sterility in mutant (tLx/tLy) male mice. II. A morphological study of spermatozoa. AB - A comparative light and electron microscopy study was done on cauda epididymal spermatozoa obtained from correspondingly-aged sterile t6/tw32, and fertile T/tw32, T/t6 and BALB/c, mice. The results show that all of the males, regardless of age, contained defective gametes and that all contained the same types of aberrant gametes. The oldest males of each genotype contained more abnormal gametes than the younger males of the same genotype. No unique spermatozoan defect and no increased frequency of a specific spermatozoan defect was noted which could be correlated with the sterility of the t6/tw32 animals. PMID- 7217878 TI - The changes in lectin activity during the development of embryonic chick skin. AB - Changes in lectin activity during development of embryonic chick skin were studied. In the dorsal skin of the chick embryo in which feathers were formed, lectin activity first increased, during the period of dermal condensation, and then it decreased during the development of feathers. A similar change in lectin activity was also found in the anterior shank skin, the prospective scale region of the chick embryo. The embryonic cornea, in which no mesenchymal condensation took place, had lectin activity and did not show any developmental changes in lectin activity. Apteria regions of the dorsal skin, experimentally formed by treatment with hydrocortisone, gave low lectin activity. The lectin found in the embryonic skin showed specificity for lactose. The relationship found between lectin activity and dermal condensation in the embryonic chick skin is discussed. PMID- 7217879 TI - Cell membrane regions in preimplantation mouse embryos. AB - Cell membrane regions characterized by alkaline phosphatase activity are described in cleaving mouse embryos and early blastocysts. Enzyme activity is demonstrated by light and electron microscopy, from the late 4-cell stage onwards, on the cell surfaces between blastomeres but not on the outer surface of the embryo. Experiments with dissociated morulae show that this is probably not an artifact due to the retention of the enzyme reaction product between the blastomeres. With the electron microscope the activity is also demonstrated in crystalloid bodies within the cytoplasm. The localization and growth during cleavage of cell membrane regions with enzyme activity is interpreted as the result of new cell membrane formation and/or as a relation of the crystalloid bodies with the cell membrane through the cortical system of microtubules and filaments. PMID- 7217880 TI - Microvascular free transfer of iliac bone based on the deep circumflex iliac vessels. AB - The findings from dissections, injection studies, and angiograms of 180 specimens of the anterior portion of left and right iliac crests taken from 90 cadavers are reported. These findings suggested that the deep circumflex iliac vessels were suitable for use as a nutritive pedicle in microvascular free transfer of iliac bone. Therefore, the technique of microvascular free transfer of iliac bone based on these vessels was developed and applied clinically in 2 cases with good results. The advantages and disadvantages of using the superficial circumflex iliac vessels or the deep circumflex iliac vessels as the vascular pedicle for iliac grafts also are discussed. PMID- 7217881 TI - The operating microscope. IV. Documentation. AB - The methods of documenting microsurgical procedures with 35-mm photography, Super 8 (8-mm) and 16-mm motion pictures, and television are discussed for the Zeiss OPMI 1, OPMI-6-S, and OPMI 7 P/H. PMID- 7217882 TI - Vasography in rats. AB - Vasovasostomy was performed in 20 rats. Vasography then was used to determine the patency of the vas. The scrotum was entered through a longitudinal incision and the scrotal contents were extruded extravaginally. The vas was divided near the epididymis and a 0.4/0.7-mm cannula was inserted into the abdominal end of the vas and contrast medium was injected under fluoroscopic control. The results were documented by radiography. It is concluded that vasography is a reliable method for assessing the success of vasovasostomy in rats. PMID- 7217883 TI - A continuous suction device for maintaining a dry microsurgical field. AB - A device that permits low-pressure, continuous suction in a microsurgical wound in described. The suction apparatus is easily constructed from supplies readily available in most operating rooms. PMID- 7217884 TI - The microvascular technique of vein grafting in rats as a training and experimental model. AB - Techniques for obtaining and implanting vein grafts in the femoral arteries of rats are described. Grafts 5 mm in length can be removed from the femoral vein without ligating any side branches; a 15-mm segment is the maximum graft that can be obtained from the femoral vein in a rat. This requires ligation and division of all the branches between the inguinal ligament and the great saphenous vein. The superficial epigastric vein also can be used as a source of grafts to be used in the femoral artery. In this study, neither the femoral nor the superficial epigastric vein appeared to have functioning valves. Therefore, reversing the vein graft before implantation was not necessary. PMID- 7217885 TI - Microlumbar discectomy: follow-up of 477 patients. AB - A survey of the surgical experience with microlumbar discectomy in 477 patients over a 4.3-year period is presented. A good result was obtained in more than 90% of the patients and morbidity was negligible. Photographs of the various phases of the microsurgical procedures are included. This conservative operation is a worthwhile alternative in the treatment of herniated lumbar discs because the postoperative pain is minimal and does not require treatment with narcotics, early ambulation is possible, there is no need for transfusion, the surgery is brief, and the postoperative stay is only about 3 days. PMID- 7217887 TI - Mental representation of length and weight series and transitive inferences in young children. PMID- 7217886 TI - Infant pattern vision: a new approach based on the contrast sensitivity function. PMID- 7217888 TI - Encoding specificity in the recall of pictures and words in children and adults. PMID- 7217889 TI - Children's incidental memory for pictures: item processing versus list organization. PMID- 7217890 TI - The syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift in dichotic listening. PMID- 7217891 TI - The infant's acquisition of knowledge of bimodally specified events. PMID- 7217893 TI - Dimensional separability or flexibility of attention? Age trends in perceiving configural stimuli. PMID- 7217892 TI - Developmental differences in memory for temporally neutral and temporally tagged information. PMID- 7217894 TI - [Flow-optimized multianalytical system for haemoanalysis with ion-selective disc and coated glass electrodes (author's transl)]. AB - Using theoretical models based on the low resistance coefficients of variously shaped bodies subjected to a streaming fluid, a flow-optimized multianalytical system was developed for ion-selective disc electrodes and for Na+-, K+- and Ca2+ selective coated glass electrodes. Due to the streamlined configuration of the carrier PVC membrane region, the flow is uncongested and free of dead spaces. This allows a rapid and precise measurement in serum, plasma or heparinized blood. The system was subjected to a durability test. PMID- 7217895 TI - [Selective characterisation of N1-methyladenosine and N7-methylguanosine in urine (author's transl)]. AB - We describe the selective analysis of N-methylated ribonucleosides, i.e., N1 methyl adenosine (m1Ado) and N7-methyl guanosine (m7Guo) in the presence of other nucleosides in urine. m1Ado as well as m7Guo were characterized by use of chromatographic techniques including substance specific chemical reactions. PMID- 7217896 TI - Isolation and identification of 2-oxo-5-guanidinovaleric acid in urine of patients with hyperargininaemia by chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AB - An unknown guanidino-positive peak has been identified in urines of three sisters affected with hyperargininaemia. Identification was made on the basis of its similarity with the liquid and thin-layer chromatographic characteristics of enzymatically synthesized 2-oxo-5-guanidinovaleric acid. Identification was also made by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the unknown compound peak. The synthesis of enzymatically formed 2-oxo-5-guanidinovaleric acid was controlled by nuclear magnetic resonance and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 7217897 TI - A convenient and efficient method for the extraction and fractionation of steroid hormones from serum or urine. AB - A convenient solid phase method for extracting and fractionating steroid hormones from serum or urine is presented. The influence of the solvent used for extraction, of the body fluid to be extracted, and of the degree of sample dilution on the efficiency of extraction was studied for progesterone and cortisol. The potency of fractionation was demonstrated by the separation of the steroid pairs, deoxycortisol--cortisol and oestradiol--oestriol, from a urine sample. Influence of ionic strength, pH and temperature on the reproducibility was assessed for deoxycortisol in undiluted urine. With respect to practicability and efficiency, this method has proved to be considerably superior to conventional liquid-liquid techniques. PMID- 7217898 TI - [Sensitivity of several commercial thromboplastins to non-carboxylated clotting factors II and X (author's transl)]. AB - All reagents for determination of thromboplastin time (Quick-test) tested so far are sensitive to non-carboxylated clotting factor X, and sensitivity varies, depending on the reagent. The thromboplastins of Behring and Thrombotest are very sensitive. The preparations of La-Roche and Boehringer are somewhat more sensitive than those of Dade and Goedecke. Only the differences between the first group (Behring, Thrombotest) and the others are significant. There is a good correlation between factor X sensitivity, prothrombin time and non-carboxylated clotting factor X sensitivity, with all reagents. These results may be of significance for quality control and standardization of the prothrombin time. PMID- 7217899 TI - Inpatient management of the chronic pain patient: a one-year follow-up study. AB - An inpatient chronic pain management unit stressing a multidimensional behavioral approach has been in operation since April 1979 at a 405-bed community hospital. Components of the program include chemical detoxification, physical, occupational, and relaxation therapies, group meetings, and family therapy. The first 13 patients to complete the program achieved 100 percent success in medication reduction and experienced decreases in depression, hysteria, hypochondriasis, and self-ratings of pain intensity. Many have returned to work. Follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months shows maintenance of improvement. PMID- 7217900 TI - Management of the patient and family coping with dementing illness. AB - The treatment objective of medical care for the demented patient is to maximize the level of functioning and the quality of life for both the patient and the family or caregivers. The majority of patients with dementia are in the community, and most families prefer to keep their relatives out of institutions as long as possible, usually until the family's resources are exhausted. The impact of dementing illness on family health can be severe, and family members can develop physical and psychiatric disorders. The physician can perform a range of important functions in the management of the patient and family and 12 are listed which may serve as a guide for clinical practice. PMID- 7217901 TI - Septic hip in a child. AB - Septic arthritis of the hip is uncommon in the school-age child. Presenting signs may be subtle and consequently may delay the diagnosis. This case report deals with a ten-year-old child who presented with an eight-day history of pain in the inner thigh associated with decreased range of motion of her hip, fever, and an inability to bear weight. Radiographic findings included demineralization of the femoral head. Initial laboratory findings showed leukocytosis and a sharply elevated Westergren sedimentation rate. Joint fluid Gram stain showed gram positive cocci. Blood culture and joint culture grew Staphylococcus aureus. Therapy involved immediate operative drainage of purulent joint fluid, immobilization of the joint, and intravenous antibiotic therapy. Initial antibiotics were chosen based on synovial fluid Gram stain and the age of the patient. During therapy with antistaphylococcal penicillin, the patient developed a drug induced neutropenia. PMID- 7217903 TI - A curriculum in electrocardiography for family physicians. AB - A competency based curriculum in electrocardiography for family physicians is presented. An outline and definitions for those electrocardiographic entities that occur most frequently in ambulatory family practice patients are described. The body of knowledge contained in the curriculum can be taught in 10 to 12 hours of lecture and demonstration, but maintenance of skills requires continuing practice. PMID- 7217902 TI - Influence of stereotypes in the diagnosis of depression by family practice residents. AB - The focus of this study was on the diagnosis of depression by family practice residents. The sensitivity and specificity of the residents for depression were determined by comparing their diagnoses with the results of an objective assessment of depression for a group of 222 ambulatory patients from a family practice center. The objective assessment involved the administration of the Beck Depression Index to the patients, whereas charts were audited for resident diagnoses. The results indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of the residents' diagnostic acumen for depression were .18 and .90, respectively. In addition, the operation of a sex stereotype was suggested by an analysis which revealed that a disproportionate number of females were diagnosed as depressed by the residents. These results suggest that an increased emphasis be placed on the diagnosis of common psychiatric problems such as depression in family practice residency programs. PMID- 7217904 TI - Teaching normal patient coping styles in a family practice setting. PMID- 7217905 TI - Inpatient service of a Navy family practice residency program. AB - A retrospective chart audit was conducted among the 294 admissions to an autonomous family practice inpatient service of a large Navy family practice residency program over a seven-month period. Data obtained included level of training of primary care physician, duration of stay, hospital ward, age/sex profile, primary discharge diagnosis, and number and types of consultations requested. Routine obstetrical deliveries accounted for the largest amount of admissions, followed by infections, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory problems. Adult onset diabetes mellitus, gastroenteritis, and preeclampsia were the most frequent medical, pediatric, and obstetric disease entities, respectively. The wide variety of diseases admitted to the service and the low consultation rate (13.2 percent) demonstrate the flexibility and depth of the inpatient management skills of residency trained family physicians. PMID- 7217906 TI - Development of an instrument to identify attitudes of family practice and other physicians: a pilot study. AB - Research has shown that characteristic attitudes can be attributed to certain medical specialties and can affect specialty selection. The purpose of this study was to develop an attitude scale that would discriminate between family practice and other physician groups on current health care issues. From a sample of 490 randomly selected physicians, 40 percent (N = 193) responded to the study instrument, a 44-item, five-point Likert scale in which physicians were asked their level of agreement on various statements. One-way analyses of variance were performed on responses to each item by family centered nature of practice and specialty. Ten statements were found to significantly differentiate physicians who were family centered from physicians who were not family centered. Statements showed that family centered practitioners were confident in their competence and in their role as an essential medical practitioner. They also expressed more awareness of a patient's response and total well-being. Responses also suggest that there is acknowledgement of supposed family medicine issues by all physicians. PMID- 7217907 TI - Patient mobility and consulting behavior: a comparative study between the United Kingdom and the United States. AB - A study of consulting patterns of patients in the United Kingdom and the United States who had recently moved house and settled in a new environment shows that the act of moving has a notable effect on patients' health. Despite the radically different structure of the medical services in the United Kingdom and the United States, the consulting behavior of patients in contrasting settings was remarkably similar. During the first year in a new community, adults will consult twice as often as established patients with emotional illness; and during the same period of time, children will be seen twice as often with respiratory illness. The settling in period in a new environment is a time of stress, and such times of stress will be reflected by higher consulting rates and greater demand on physicians' services. PMID- 7217908 TI - Treatment of fingertip trauma. AB - Function of the fingertips is dependent upon having adequate sensibility and durable skin coverage. Fingertip trauma, whether a clean laceration or a crushing avulsion, may result in further injury, possible permanent disability, or in a functional well-healed finger. The determining factors are the initial injury and the adequacy of treatment. PMID- 7217909 TI - Fatal oriental cholangiohepatitis in a member of the Hmong community. PMID- 7217910 TI - Adverse reactions to maple leaf smoking. PMID- 7217911 TI - Geriatric training in family medicine. PMID- 7217912 TI - Wider implications of health and disease. PMID- 7217913 TI - The CO2 laser in head and neck surgery. PMID- 7217914 TI - Seven years experience with Tay-Sachs screening in Florida. PMID- 7217915 TI - Potassium supplementation: comparative studies in nonedematous and edematous patients. PMID- 7217916 TI - Concurrent care--necessary vs. unnecessary. PMID- 7217917 TI - Numerical and DNA: DNA reassociation analyses of Erwinia rubrifaciens and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Phenetic data on 75 strains of Erwinia and other representative genera of the Enterobacteriaceae were collected and analysed using two numerical taxonomic methods. In both methods the same subclusters were recovered. The subclusters, however, were defined at different similarity levels and were classified into clusters of different composition. Erwinia rubrifaciens strains formed a very tight, homogeneous subcluster, completely distinct and readily distinguishable from other Erwinia and enterobacteria species studied. DNA: DNA hybridization between E. rubrifaciens and Erwinia and Shigella species were analysed to corroborate the numerical classifications. A good correlation between the numerical and DNA: DNA hybridization analyses was found and provided sufficient evidence for not supporting the previously proposed subspecific taxonomic position of E. rubrifaciens. The data clearly showed that E. rubrifaciens is a separate species in its own right. Based on the existence of very high genetic relatedness and high similarities in phenetic characters among E. rubrifaciens strains and the confinement of the pathogen to the state of California, the hypothesis is offered that E. rubrifaciens originated from a single source. PMID- 7217918 TI - Effect of thymidine auxotrophy, thymidine starvation and nalidixic acid inhibition on the properties of DNA labelled by a pulse of [3H]thymidine in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The labelling of DNA by pulse/chase experiments in Staphylococcus aureus has been investigated, analysing the products by alkaline sucrose velocity centrifugation. In S. aureus NCTC 8325 a short (60 s) pulse of [3H]thymidine labels both small (10 to 20 S) fragments and DNA that co-sediments with long-term label. In a thymidine-requiring derivative, 8325thy, most pulse label is incorporated into small fragments. In both bacterial strains small fragments can be chased into high molecular weight DNA. Thymidine starvation of 8325thy prior to pulse labelling results in smaller fragments (4 to 10S) being labelled. In a subsequent chase with unlabelled thymidine this label is incorporated into high molecular weight DNA, although more slowly than in the absence of thymidine starvation. The fact that nalidixic acid, an antibiotic which specifically inhibits DNA replication in S. aureus, does not inhibit the [3H]thymidine incorporation immediately after thymidine starvation and that nalidixic acid shows down the increase in size of pulse-labelled fragments through inhibition of DNA synthesis suggests that thymidine starvation results in changes at the replication fork. The possible nature of these changes is discussed. It is proposed that one of the results of thymidine starvation is to cause a long-lived gap between DNA synthesized before starvation and DNA synthesized after starvation. PMID- 7217919 TI - Biological distribution and physiological role of the beta-ketoadipate transport system. AB - beta-Ketoadipate induces catabolic enzymes in Pseudomonas putida. The compound is transported by a system which also concentrates adipate, a non-metabolizable analogue of beta-ketoadipate. The natural substrate, beta-ketoadipate, competitively inhibits adipate transport with a K1 of 0.04 mM, lower than the Km of 0.23 mM observed with adipate. Transport is inhibited competitively by succinate (K1 1.3 mM) and non-competitively by acetate (K1 5.3 mM). The system has a sharp pH optimum at 5.5. Transport activity is stimulated by a variety of ions, and salt concentrations in excess of 0.1 M are required to achieve optimal rates of influx. The transport system is inhibited by proton conductors and thiol reagents. Membrane vesicle preparations concentrate adipate when supplied with an oxidizable energy source. Induction of the transport system does not allow the rapid utilization of exogenous beta-ketoadipate. Nevertheless, the system has been conserved in the evolution of divergent Pseudomonas species. The selective value of the beta-ketoadipate transport system may lie in its apparent function in chemotaxis and in its ability to control intracellular concentrations of the inducing metabolite, beta-ketoadipate. PMID- 7217920 TI - Attempts to isolate mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum which express alpha mannosidase-2 constitutively. AB - Evidence was sought for a gene-specific negative regulatory element of Dictyostelium discoideum similar to the repressor/operator systems that control some operons in prokaryotes and their viruses. Mutants of D. discoideum that constitutively express the stage-specific enzyme alpha-mannosidase-2 could provide such evidence. Reconstruction experiments demonstrated that the screening technique developed would detect mutants of that type. Over 2 x 10(5) survivors of heavily mutagenized cell populations were grown and their progeny tested. No mutants of the desired type were obtained. The possible implications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 7217921 TI - The relationship of preschool children's habitual use of space to prosocial, antisocial, and social behaviors. AB - Fifty-eight preschool children in classes for 2 1/2- to 3-year-olds and 4- to 5 year-olds were observed for 10 weeks to assess the following behaviors: sharing, defense of objects and play areas, yielding to others' attempts to take objects and/or play areas, impinging (attempting to take objects from others), sociability, and habitual use of space. Teachers' ratings of dominance were also obtained. Children who spent 20% or more of their free time in one area were more likely than other children to share, and were less social and lower in dominance. Girls spent more time in preferred areas than did boys, but boys defended more than did girls. Frequency of yielding and impinging decreased with age, while sociability increased. Children tended to impinge on younger children more frequently than older children (p less than .06). The results are discussed in relation to current literature on use of space, instrumental aggression, sharing, and territoriality. PMID- 7217922 TI - Discrimination learning in delinquents as a function of sex, subtype, and social reinforcement. PMID- 7217923 TI - The enhancement of memory in the first year. AB - Eleven infants were seen longitudinally at one month intervals from six through 11 months of age and administered tasks of recognition memory. The results revealed that the ability to retrieve a memory of an initially unfamiliar event that occurred more than five seconds earlier may be fragile until the child is about 10 months of age. PMID- 7217924 TI - The role of visual and haptic cues in children's discrimination learning. AB - Three experiments using kindergarten boys and girls (Ns = 126, 84, and 72, respectively) tested the hypothesis that adding haptic to visual information facilitates discrimination of three-dimensional objects on more difficult (three choice) problems, but not on easier (two-choice) problems. Kindergartners were given a two-or three-choice discrimination problem under one of four conditions of cue availability: visual cues, haptic cues, and visual plus haptic cues with stimuli touched or not touched before choosing. Addition of haptic cues did not improve performance either on two-choice problems (two or three experiments), as predicted, or on three-choice problems (all three experiments), contrary to predictions. PMID- 7217926 TI - Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Mexican Americans. AB - The evidence from most previous research suggests that Mexican Americans may have less mental illness because they either report less psychological distress than other population groups or use mental health services less frequently. Data from two surveys conducted in Alameda County, California, in 1974 and 1975 do not support either body of research. Responses to items relating to depressive symptoms suggest that the prevalence of depression may be as high or higher than it is in other groups. These results, although at variance with previous surveys and the bulk of the studies based on treatment data, do substantiate the few studies which report that mental health services utilization rates of Mexican Americans are equal to or greater than those for other groups. Although interesting, these results emanate from one community, and are based on self reports of psychological distress. More definitive investigation of the incidence and prevalence of depression, and of other psychiatric disorders among Mexican Americans, will require epidemiological surveys using diagnostic procedures which are linguistically and culturally appropriate to this population. PMID- 7217925 TI - Postdisaster morbidity of the bereaved. A possible role for preventive psychiatry? AB - Immediately following a rail disaster in Sydney, Australia, on January 18, 1977, in which 83 people were killed, an attempt was made to organize a preventive psychiatry outreach program for the relatives of the bereaved and the survivors. Bereavement counseling was offered to all families considered to be at risk for development of postbereavement morbidity. A follow-up study was performed 15 to 18 months later to assess the level of functioning of the bereaved relatives. The next of kin of 36 victims (43 per cent of the total number killed) were interviewed and filled in questionnaires (general health, Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire, loss, and social support). They included 15 widows, nine widowers, 11 mothers, and eight fathers who had lost children. The trends were for the bereaved spouses to have done better than bereaved parents; the widowers to have done better than the widows; those with a supportive network to have done better than those without one; those who saw the body to have done better than those who did not; and, in addition, there was a tendency for those who had bereavement counseling to do better than those who had no such intervention. Examples are given of several types of outcome, and conclusions are drawn about the results and the difficulties of implementing and evaluating such a program. PMID- 7217927 TI - Obsessive-compulsive disorder and primary unipolar depression. Comparisons of background, family history, course, and mortality. AB - Research criteria were applied to 110 charts with a principle discharge diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive illness. The family history, course, and mortality experience of the resulting 44 patients clearly distinguished them from carefully matched inpatients with primary unipolar depression. Among selected background variables, only IQ distinguished the groups. A 40-year mortality follow-up supported earlier conclusions that obsessive-compulsive disorder patients are at low risk for suicide. PMID- 7217928 TI - Diagnosing borderline personality. A pilot study using multiple diagnostic methods. AB - The research described in this paper stemmed from the hypothesis that borderline personality organization can be differentiated from neurotic and psychotic levels of personality organization by means of three structural criteria: degree of identity integration, level of defensive operations, and capacity for reality testing. In order to elicit these criteria, the "structural" interview has been developed that focuses on the "here-and-now" patient-interviewer interaction. The patient's responses to the interviewer's attempts to clarify, confront, and interpret various aspects of the patient's interview behavior provide the basis for judgments as to the patient's structural diagnosis. Specifically, the paper reports a study of the differential diagnosis of 48 hospitalized patients in which structural diagnoses of borderline or psychotic personality organization were made according to this diagnostic interview approach. These diagnoses were compared with ones obtained from Gunderson's Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines, with psychological test diagnoses, and with clinical diagnoses based on past history and current illness. Results show substantial convergent agreement among all of the diagnostic methods and support the utility of the structural interview. In most discrepant cases, other methods reflected disagreement among themselves despite the diagnoses obtained from the structural interview, suggesting that there are some cases difficult to classify by any means. Further analysis suggests that the structural interview may be eliciting a different dimension of personality functioning in arriving at borderline diagnoses than do the other methods studied. The results also indicate that borderline structural diagnoses refer to patients described clinically as having severe character pathology, and do not overlap with patients described as having schizophrenic disorders. The structural interview appears to warrant further study, and, at the same time, shows promise as a research tool in further studies of structural diagnosis and its relevance for prognosis and treatment. PMID- 7217930 TI - The psychological function of out-of-body experiences. So who needs the out-of body experience? AB - What psychological needs are served by the out-of-body experience (OBE)? On the basis of a review of the literature in rather diverse areas several hypotheses on this issue are formulated in terms of Murray's conceptual system of manifest needs. A simple survey of the need profiles of students reporting OBEs provides support for only one of the hypotheses, namely, that such individuals are concerned with and attentive to their mental processes. Unanticipated by the literature was the finding that people reporting OBEs exhibit low levels of need for achievement and need for deference. If a sophisticated theory of the OBE is to be developed much more research must be conducted into the psychological, parapsychological, and neurophysiological correlates of the phenomenon. PMID- 7217929 TI - Are the "addiction-related" problems of substance abusers really related? AB - The "addiction-related" medical, social, and psychological problems of substance abusers are often considered by-products of prolonged alcohol or drug abuse which will be generally improved following achievement of abstinence. As a test of this view, measures of problem severity in six areas commonly related to addiction were intercorrelated in 460 alcoholic and 282 drug addicted male veterans. Both before and after treatment, the low intercorrelations in each sample indicated little relation between the severity of alcohol or drug use and the severity of the other problem areas. Intercorrelations among residualized admission to follow up change scores were similarly low, also showing the lack of a general relationship between improvement in substance abuse and improvement in other areas. However, there was one exception: improvement in psychological function was clearly related to general improvement in most other areas, including chemical abuse, indicating the potential importance of psychologically oriented therapy in substance abuse treatment. Most of the evidence suggests that addiction may be a common pathway for a variety of specific disorders, rather than a general, progressive disease. PMID- 7217931 TI - Response-contingent learning in children at risk. AB - Ninety-nine male offspring at ages 7 and 10, from schizophrenic, affective psychotic, nonpsychotic patient, and normal control parents performed a nonsense syllable discrimination task administered under each of three reinforcement conditions: neutral information feedback, and two response-contingent conditions, praise and censure. Index (patient) parent diagnosis was determined using DSM-III criteria. Although the four groups did not differ significantly in mean number of errors in learning the task under the neutral condition, when reinforcement was provided by the subject's mother during both praise and censure conditions, schizophrenics' and nonpsychotic patients' offspring made significantly more errors than offspring of affective psychotics and normal controls. Either form of social reinforcement administered by the mother, or merely the mother's voice itself, had a disruptive effect on the learning efficiency of the offspring of schizophrenic and nonpsychotic patients. Chronicity and comprehensibility of these parent's disturbances are considered as possible explanations of their children's performance. PMID- 7217932 TI - A psychosocial analysis of risk of psychological impairment following bereavement. AB - A multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the explanatory potential of a multidimensional approach to risk of psychological impairment. Information from a study of bereavement in Canadian women included meaning of the event to the individual, personality attributes, social supports available following bereavement and sociodemographic data. Risk of psychological impairment was estimated by score on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Sixty-four per cent of the variance in GHQ scores at one month postbereavement was accounted for. The authors hypothesize that the addition of a measure of coping styles and more comprehensive measures of the other dimensions studied would increase the power of the technique. It seems critical to take into account the possible large effects of sociodemographic factors. PMID- 7217933 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials and the psychology of chronic schizophrenia. An integrative view. AB - An attempt is made to relate certain psychoanalytic concepts to the neurophysiological theory of chronic schizophrenia, as proposed by Shagass. Several points in common are adduced. It is concluded that the physiological and psychological features in question may point to the same basic phenomena, though from different angles. PMID- 7217934 TI - The possible relationship between Laurence-Moon-Biedl-Bardet syndrome and a schizophrenic-like psychosis. AB - The Laurence-Moon-Biedl-Bardet syndrome is probably transmitted hereditarily and recognizable mainly by: a) retinitis pigmentosa; b) hypogonadism and obesity; and c) orthopedic anomalities such as polidactylia, syndactylia, and acroecephalosyndactylia with oligophrenia. Sometimes, other disturbance, mainly dermatological (alopecia), neurological, urological, endocrinological, and, rarely, congenital heart defects, may coexist. PMID- 7217936 TI - When a schizoaffective diagnosis has meaning. AB - Recently, there has been a flurry of studies showing that schizoaffective patients, diagnosed using acute symptom complexes, usually turn out to have affective disorders if they are rediagnosed applying more reliable longitudinal parameters. However, Occam's razor cuts both ways. This investigation shows that if schizoaffective illness is diagnosed using the nonacute parameter "presence of interepisodic thought disorder," it looks more like schizophrenia. Schizoaffectives diagnosed this way have earlier onset of illness, tend to remain unmarried, usually do not abuse alcohol or sedatives, have a worse response to psychopharmacological treatments, relapse more frequently, and tend to deteriorate. PMID- 7217935 TI - Flurazepam-induced sleep apnea syndrome in a patient with insomnia and mild sleep related respiratory changes. AB - Sleep EEG and respiratory measures were examined in a 38-year-old man with a long standing history of insomnia and daytime sleepiness. He was found to have seven to 18 primarily obstructive apneas per night on four baseline recordings, a finding not generally considered to be indicative of pathology. On the first two nights on which he received 30 mg of the benzodiazepine hypnotic flurazepam, there were 22 and 100 apneas, and during the daytime he became extremely sleepy. Upon cessation of medication, his clinical condition improved, and the number of apneas decreased to 11 and 6 on withdrawal nights 4 and 6. Although respiratory depression is neither invariable nor unique to flurazepam, this case suggests that it may be a clinically significant problem with recommended oral doses in some individuals. PMID- 7217937 TI - The Psychological Stress Evaluator as a clinical assessment instrument. Evaluation and implications. AB - Efficient clinical assessment of anxiety and hostility could be facilitated through the use of a mechanical measurement instrument with known validity and reliability. Preliminary evaluation of the Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE) has indicated that it could be used for this purpose. The present study reports the results of a correlational analysis between a PSE generated stress indicator (blocking pattern mode III) and the Gottschalk-Gleser Free Association Test, a verbal content-analysis measure of anxiety and hostility in psychotherapy patients. Findings do not show any correlation between these measures and suggest that the PSE may have only limited use as a valid and reliable assessment instrument for anxiety and hostility. Methodological problems inherent in the calculation and interpretation of PSE scores are elaborated in a review of current PSE scoring systems. A brief discussion of the theoretical assumptions underlying the development of the PSE and associated scoring protocols suggests directions for future research. PMID- 7217942 TI - Halstead-Reitan Test results in chronic hemodialysis. AB - Neuropsychological functioning of chronic hemodialysis, undialyzed uremic, and medical-psychiatric patients was explored using the Halstead-Reitan Battery. The three groups of 16 patients each did not differ significantly in age, education, verbal intelligence, or degree of affective disturbance. Specific Halstead-Reitan Battery subtest comparisons demonstrated that dialysis patients performed significantly better than uremic patients and were equivalent to medical psychiatric subjects on tasks of psychomotor problem-solving and spatial ability. Dialysis patients were significantly better than uremic subjects, but impaired relative to the medical-psychiatric patients on a task of flexible thinking. Dialysis patients were impaired relative to medical-psychiatric subjects and equivalent to uremic patients on tasks which required complex analysis, auditory information processing, language capacities, and sensory-perceptual functions. PMID- 7217941 TI - Labeling and cultural expectations & the shaping of a sorcery syndrome in aboriginal Australia. AB - An Aboriginal behavioral syndrome is described and considered from cognitive and social labeling perspectives. Fifty-seven cases of this fear of sorcery syndrome were encountered in a 5-year epidemiological survey of Aboriginals living on reserves in the Northern Territory. The syndrome is similar to others reported from around the world in cultural contexts where sorcery is an important component of belief systems. It is characterized by severe anxiety and agitation, a breakdown of normal social behavior, and a paranoid preoccupation with personal, physical, and social security. The syndrome is particularly noteworthy in that it circulates from one clansman to another, although the individual course of the disorder is relatively short term and nonrecurring. From a Western perspective, when the behavior associated with this syndrome assumes clinical proportions, appropriate diagnosis is made, and tranquilizing medication typically prescribed. The detailed epidemiology is in accordance with local definition of likely sorcery victims. This conformity with cultural expectation is taken as evidence for the labeling hypothesis. This analysis is based on theoretical models deriving from psychological and sociological approaches to psychiatric disorder, which suggest that the behaviors can only be explained by reference to the larger cultural context and belief system which is operating. The syndrome is institutionalized both in terms of social expression and control. Cognitive labeling and social labeling theory are seen as complementary models conjointly explaining both individual and social response to the illness, suggesting the interactive nature of adjustment etiologies. In addition, these approaches speak to the individual and social functions served by the sorcery symptoms described. PMID- 7217938 TI - Criminal acts among schizophrenics in French mental hospitals. AB - This paper reports a questionnaire study of 116 schizophrenic subjects. A group without history of crime (N = 53) was found to have considerably better relations with their families than a group with histories of criminal acts (N = 63). An interesting finding was that negative relations with the father were reported more frequently in the noncriminal group than in the criminal group, whereas negative relations with the mother were more frequent in the criminal group than in the noncriminal group. Within the criminal group several differences were found between the criminal behavior of chronic undifferentiated and paranoid schizophrenics. Although subjects of both diagnoses often acted with premeditation, paranoid schizophrenics were more likely to commit crimes against persons, to be under the influence of their illness during the crime, to be secretive about plans, to admit their guilt, and to cite vengeance as a motive than chronic undifferentiated schizophrenic subjects. PMID- 7217940 TI - Inpatient evaluation of aggression in psychiatric patients. AB - The authors rated violent and violence-related behavior of patients on a psychiatric intensive care unit, and found that despite the restricted environment such behaviour was manifested to a considerable degree. The amount of violent behavior was significantly correlated with admission Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ratings on measures of thought disorder and schizophrenic thinking, but not with ratings of hostility. PMID- 7217939 TI - Self-report and physiological responses to subliminal and supraliminal motion pictures. AB - Six groups of volunteer students were shown a series of four 90-second pictures: and anxiety inducing, one neutral, and two control sequences with no information content, under both subliminal and supraliminal conditions. Self-report and physiological responses to each picture were recorded. Each group was shown the same set of eight motion pictures, in counterbalanced order, but the level of subliminal presentation was varied from completely subliminal in group 1 to a level at which all the subjects could recognize the material in group 6. The results showed that although the anxiety-provoking motion pictures produced significantly greater anxiety responses under supraliminal conditions, there were no significant differences between responses to the pictures at any level of subliminal exposure. PMID- 7217943 TI - Premorbid social competence and the revolving door phenomenon in psychiatric hospitalization. AB - The relation between premorbid social competence and length of initial hospitalization was examined in 381 male state hospital patients in four diagnostic categories: schizophrenic, affective reaction, psychoneurotic, and personality disorder. A significant relation was discovered between diagnosis and outcome, with schizophrenic patients having the longest and personality disorder patients the shortest lengths of initial hospitalization. Premorbid social competence was related to outcome, as assessed both by length of initial hospitalization, and by whether the patient was rehospitalized. These two outcome measures were found to be positively related, thus supporting the developmental formulation that premorbid social competence is indicative generally of prognosis. The findings were employed to generate the inference that patients at differing levels of premorbid social competence require different treatment modalities. PMID- 7217944 TI - A comparison of the MMPI results for psychiatric patients and male applicants for transsexual surgery. AB - Previous studies have been evenly divided in concluding that male sex change applicants do or do not evidence signs of psychopathology on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory testing. To clarify the discrepant findings, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scale comparisons were made between sex change applicants who had been living continuously as women, applicants who had been living predominantly as men, and groups of psychiatric inpatients and outpatients. Findings revealed that members of both applicant groups were more likely than psychiatric patients to score high on a measure of femininity. However, applicants living as men were as disturbed as psychiatric patients on all other measures of psychopathology, whereas those living as women showed a notable absence of psychopathology. Like the psychiatric patients, applicants living as men produced significant elevations on the Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia, and Schizophrenia Scales. A variety of group comparisons also revealed serious emotional disturbance in one sex change applicant group and none in the other. The results help to explain the previous discrepancies in the literature and underline the importance of the "living as female" variable for predicting disturbance in sex change applicants. PMID- 7217945 TI - Dynamic properties of cockroach cercal "threadlike" hair sensilla. AB - Input--output (I--O) relationships were studied in cercal "thread-hair" sensilla (THS) on Periplaneta americana L. by recording from individual axons of THS while displacing the corresponding hair with a galvanometric device. Sinusoidal analysis was attempted and pulse- and ramplike displacements were then tested. The effects of stimulus orientation were also investigated. THS were spontaneously active and purely phasic and did not respond to sustained displacements. With small sinusoidal displacements (less than 30 degrees) they behaved as a linear, second-order lead system sensitive to velocity. With larger amplitudes, however, they exhibited prominent nonlinear features with minimal consequences of displacements at the extremes. Responses to other waveforms indicated second-order response components. THS were directionally sensitive. Phasic behavior and the nonlinearities may be due to mechanical properties at the base of the hair. The spike-firing threshold may also contribute. Resting activity appears to be due to neuronal factors since it was not abolished by preventing hair movements. Transducer operations were simulated in a digital computer. PMID- 7217946 TI - Neurite growth promoting factors of embryonic chick--ontogeny, regional distribution, and characteristics. AB - A single neuronal cell biological assay for NGF has been used to quantitate factors in soluble extract of chick embryo that promote neurite outgrowth. The neurite growth promoting activity is detected as early as day 1.5 of embryonic life. Specific activity increases to maximum over the first four days and then decreases from day 5 to 6 during a growth spurt of the embryo. The tissue distribution of neurite growth promoting activity at eight embryonic days shows higher specific activity in peripheral structures that are richly innervated. Extract from all embryonic stages and from all tissues studied induces neurite outgrowth that is inhibited only partially by antibody to mouse NGF. Furthermore, the kinetics of neurite outgrowth and the neuronal populations responsive to extract differ from that of NGF. These observations indicate heterogeneity of the neurite growth promoting factors in soluble extracts of embryonic chick and demonstrate the presence of these factors before the responsive neurons leave the cell cycle and begin their differentiation processes. PMID- 7217947 TI - Selectivity of interaction of univalent cations with mammalian ribosomes studied by equilibrium dialysis in the presence of the K+ analogue, 204Tl+. AB - The interaction of K+ with mammalian ribosomes was studied by equilibrium dialysis and compared with that of other univalent cations. The heavy K+ analogue, Tl+, binds more firmly than K+ to ribosomes and, unlike K+, has a practically useful isotope. With 204Tl+ as a marker of K+-selective binding the ribosome-cation interaction could be followed down to levels below 0.1 average Tl+-occupied site per ribosome. The Tl+/ribosome ratio varied with the free Tl+ concentration in a multiple way. At high Tl+ saturation Tl+ was easily displaced by Mg2+. With decreasing Tl+ saturation the competitive activity of Mg++ was strikingly reduced, indicating that Tl+ and Mg++ compete with different efficiency for different classes of sites. The experiments on univalent cations were performed at 1.5 mM Mg2+ under two complementary conditions: (1) Ribosomes were pretreated with 5 x 10(-2), 5 x 10(-3), and 5 x 10(-4) M LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3, and CsNO3, and then equilibrated with different concentrations of 204TlNO3 in the same buffers. (2) Ribosomes were pretreated with 10(-2), 10(-4), and 10(-6) M 204 TlNO3, and then equilibrated with different concentrations of LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3, and CsNO3 (displacement experiments). At high Tl+ saturation Na+ and Li+ were about as active as K+ and Cs+ in competing with 204Tl+. With decreasing Tl+ saturation a differentiation occurred in favor of K+ and Cs+, with some preference for K+. It is concluded that ribosomes contain a limited number of sites with pronounced ion specificity. Of physiological cations K+ is most firmly bound to these sites. PMID- 7217948 TI - Chemical conversion of anthramycin 11-methyl ether to didehydroanhydroanthramycin and its utilization in studies of the biosynthesis and mechanism of action of anthramycin. AB - Reaction of anthramycin 11-methyl ether (AME) with trifluoroacetic acid results in formation of (1,11a)-didehydroanhydroanthramycin (DAA). Anthramycin biosynthetically labelled from DL-[3'RS(3'-3H)]; DL-[3'S(3'-3H)] and DL-[3'R(3' 3H)] tyrosine each lose approximately 50% of their tritium during this conversion to DAA confirming the labelling pattern of 3'-tritiated species of tyrosine in AME. As expected negligible losses of tritium occurred from AME biosynthetically labelled fron L-[2- or 6-3H] or L-[3- or 5-3H]tyrosine. DAA did not form a stable adduct with DNA in accord with the postulated mechanism of action of anthramycin. PMID- 7217950 TI - Giant aneurysms of the carotid system presenting as visual field defect. AB - Visual field loss was the presenting symptom in 19 patients with large intracranial aneurysms of the carotid system. Location of the aneurysm was cavernous, carotid-ophthalmic (two), supraclinoid (nine), anterior communicating (six). Other features were pain and a long history of fluctuating visual loss. Cavernous or carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms mostly caused purely uniocular field loss consistent with optic nerve compression. Supraclinoid aneurysms most often caused a lateral chiasmal syndrome. Anterior communicating aneurysms caused asymmetric compression of one or both optic nerves, the eye contralateral to the feeding artery being more often affected. Carotid ligation appeared to arrest visual deterioration in some patients in the supraclinoid group. PMID- 7217949 TI - An investigation of the antitumor activity of Sesbania drummondii. AB - Extracts of Sesbania drummondii (Rydb.) Cory seed are active in vivo in the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia system and cytotoxic in the KB assay. Systematic fractionation of S. drummondii has yielded sesbanine (1), a novel spirocyclic alkaloid based on the 2,7-naphthyridine nucleus, and drummondol (2), a new abscisic acid (5) metabolite. Sesbanine and drummondol are present in highly cytotoxic fractions; however, these purified compounds are essentially devoid of antitumor activity PMID- 7217951 TI - Unsuspected organic disease in chronic schizophrenia demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - Unsuspected intracranial pathology was demonstrated in 12 of 136 chronic schizophrenic patients examined by computed tomography (CT). Seven cases of cerebral infarction were found, and one each of porencephalic cyst, meningioma, cystic enlargement of the pineal body, and two of subdural haematoma. Attention is drawn to the value of CT in demonstrating organic disease in schizophrenia. PMID- 7217952 TI - Changes in nerve function and nerve fibre structure induced by acute, graded compression. AB - Rabbit tibial nerves were subjected to direct, acute graded compression by means of an inflatable compression chamber. The acute and long term effects of 50, 200 and 400 mmHg applied for two hours on nerve function and nerve fibre structure were investigated. A pressure of 50 mmHg applied for two hours induced only minimal or no acute deterioration of maximal conduction velocity and nerve fibre structure. Conduction velocity was gradually reduced during compression at 200 400 mmHg pressure for two hours and in those cases the recovery of nerve conduction after pressure release was incomplete. Ultrastructural analysis revealed pronounced, early nerve fibre damage in these nerves. Three weeks after compression, nerves compressed at 50 mmHg for two hours had normal afferent and motor conduction velocity, although there were morphological signs of slight nerve fibre damage. Nerves compressed at 200 mmHg for two hours exhibited reduction of conduction velocity only at the level of compression, in contrast to the nerves compressed at 400 mmHg for two hours in which conduction velocity was reduced both at the level of compression and distal to the compressed segment. Morphologically, the nerves compressed at 200-400 mmHg for two hours showed varying degrees of demyelination and axonal degeneration three weeks after compression. PMID- 7217953 TI - A technique for anodally blocking large nerve fibres through chronically implanted electrodes. AB - If a spinal root of a baboon or rhesus monkey is trapped in an initially loose fitting silicone rubber channel containing two or more platinum electrodes, electrical pulses sent through these electrodes can stimulate nerve fibres close to the cathode and block the resulting impulses close to the anode. We show (1) how anodal break excitation and excitation of fibres outside the silicone rubber channel can be avoided; (2) that an implant 26 months old behaves like a recent one; (3) that in a root containing somatic motor fibres and parasympathetic fibres, all somatic motor fibres can be blocked and most or all parasympathetic fibres excited but not blocked; (4) that provided that the electrodes pass no net direct current, prolonged stimulation with block can be harmless; (5) how block can be achieved in one direction only along a root; (6) that a peripheral nerve can be blocked by the same techniques. PMID- 7217954 TI - "Turns" analysis in the physiological evaluation of neuromuscular disorders. AB - A previously described technique of automatic analysis of the electromyogram during isometric voluntary contraction has been used to investigate the biceps and triceps muscles of 18 patients with various neuromuscular disorders. Three modifications in the method were made: at each electrode position the data were computed at 10%, 20%, 30% and 50% of the maximum force; the duration of contraction was reduced from 5 s to 2 s; and the diagnosis was based on analysis of the plots of turns and mean amplitude per turn versus percentage of maximum force. These modifications resulted in increased sensitivity, the ability to evaluate motor unit abnormality at different force levels, and a quantitative assessment of the degree of involvement of antagonist muscles. The data indicate that motor units recruited at lower force levels may be involved preferentially in myopathies, and also that the involvement of pairs of flexor and extensor muscles in neuromuscular disorders is not always uniform. PMID- 7217955 TI - A study of the incidence of epilepsy following ECT. AB - In a group of 166 patients who had received electroconvulsive therapy more than one year previously the prevalence of epilepsy did not differ significantly from that found in the community as a whole. The findings suggest that a kindling process is not a clinical hazard following repeated electrically induced seizures. PMID- 7217957 TI - Reflex responses of paraspinal muscles to tapping. AB - ERECTOR SPINAE REFLEX STUDIES IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS REVEALED TWO RESPONSES: a 12.0+/-1.6 ms latency, oligosynaptic response, and a 30 to 50 ms latency response with polysynaptic reflex characteristics. There was a silent period after the first and second responses. The effect of limb position, trunk, neck, postural changes, Jendrassik manoeuvre and vibration on both responses were also evaluated. PMID- 7217956 TI - Estimation of the brain and spinal cord conduction time in man by means of the somatosensory evoked potentials and F and H responses. AB - Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) recordings from the scalp were performed in 17 healthy subjects. In seven of these SSEP was also recorded at the level of the second lumbar spine. In the other ten F and H responses and the corresponding M responses were studied. By means of the SSEP recordings at the level of the second lumbar spine and the F- and H-responses, the conduction time in the brain and spinal cord, that is central latency, was calculated and the following results were obtained: 16.0 ms with standard deviation (SD) +/- 1.1 ms (by means of SSEPs), 9.5 +/- 2.4 ms (by means of F response) and 13.1 +/- 1.5 ms (by means of H response). Of the three methods used the H response method seems to be the best for clinical purposes: it is easy to perform and statistically it is more stable than the F response recording; moreover the recording can be performed reliably even in persons with thick back muscles and subcutaneous fat, unlike the evoked potential procedure which only with difficulty shows detectable responses at the lumbosacral levels in such persons. Three patients are presented to illustrate the technique; in one of these the recording evoked potentials from the epidural space were recorded. PMID- 7217958 TI - Quantitative assessment of smooth-pursuit eye movements in healthy and epileptic subjects. AB - A quantitative electro-oculographic method was used to assess the impairment in smooth-pursuit and vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression eye movements in 12 epileptic patients and eight normal volunteers. Both types of eye movement were impaired by a factor of 40% in the epileptic patients, and the impairment was at least partly due to the treatment with phenytoin and phenobarbitone. There was a strong positive correlation between the performances in vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression and smooth-pursuit. PMID- 7217959 TI - A patient with reflex myoclonus and muscle rigidity: "jerking stiff-man syndrome". AB - A patient with progressive muscular rigidity associated with reflex myoclonus is described. The muscular rigidity was predominantly axial, and the myoclonic jerks affected axial and leg muscles. Jerks occurred either spontaneously, or in response to touch to the perioral region, or to stretch of head and neck muscles. Physiological investigations suggested that the myoclonus originated in the medulla and was mediated by fast-conducting pathways upwards through the brainstem and down the spinal cord. The relationship of this condition to other types of muscular rigidity with and without myoclonus is discussed. PMID- 7217960 TI - Double-blind comparison of single doses of DS103-282, baclofen and placebo for suppression of spasticity. AB - Twelve spastic patients received single oral doses of a new anti-spastic drug DS103-282 (Sandoz) 6 mg, baclofen 20 mg, and placebo on three separate days. Passive stretch responses were measured before administration and for four hours afterwards. DS103-282 was more effective than baclofen, and both drugs were more effective than placebo. Analysis of the recordings confirmed that DS103-282 had a specific effect upon stretch reflexes independent of its effect on resting muscle tone. Its action appeared at 30 to 45 minutes after ingestion, with maximum activity at 60-90 minutes. Unwanted effects of DS103-282 were drowsiness and (in one case) potentiation of antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 7217961 TI - The effect of an antiserotonin agent pizotifen on platelet aggregability in migraine patients. AB - In 19 patients who were suffering from frequent migraine attacks and were treated with pizotifen, spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) was measured prior to treatment and at the second, fourth and sixth month of treatment. A Migraine Headache Score (MHS) was employed for evaluation of the "activity" of migraine in the same periods. Spontaneous platelet aggregation was also measured in a control group of 40 migraine-free subjects. Prior to treatment the mean value of SPA in the group of migraine patients was four times higher than in the control group. In the 19 migraine patients the mean value of SPA in the second month of treatment showed a 48% reduction when compared with the mean value of SPA prior to treatment. Clear clinical improvement was observed during the treatment, and the average MHS in the second month of treatment showed a 77% reduction compared with the average MHS prior to treatment. The increased rate of SPA prior to treatment and the close correlation between the SPA rate and "activity" of migraine during the treatment suggest that increased platelet aggregability may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of migraine. PMID- 7217963 TI - Cranial herpes zoster: a case report and a hypothesis. PMID- 7217964 TI - Holmes-Adie syndrome. PMID- 7217962 TI - Thyrotropin secreting pituitary tumours: a cause of hyperthyroidism. AB - Pituitary thyrotropin excess resulting in hyperthyroidism has been previously reported in only 25 patients, of whom 19 had a pituitary tumour. This report describes a patient in whom a thyrotropin-producing pituitary tumour was associated with triiodothyronine thyrotoxicosis. Hypophysectomy was followed by a prompt fall in serum thyrotropin and a return to a euthyroid state. PMID- 7217965 TI - Improvement in nerve condition after plasma exchange for Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 7217966 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome combined with trigger finger in early childhood. PMID- 7217967 TI - Refractory period, sensory conduction velocity and visual evoked potentials before and after haemodialysis. AB - In 18 patients suffering from chronic renal failure (being haemodialysed three times weekly for 22.2 +/- 27.9 months), sensory conduction velocity and relative refractory period of the sural nerve were estimated immediately before and after dialysis. Before haemodialysis all but one patient had conduction velocities within the normal range (x +/- 2 SD), but 50% had prolonged refractory periods. After dialysis the refractory period decreased to become normal in all but one patient. Visual evoked potential latencies showed no systematic alterations. A membrane abnormality due to uraemic poisoning is assumed to cause the reversible prolongation of the refractory period. PMID- 7217968 TI - Standardisation of the electrical elicitation of the human flexor reflex. AB - The threshold and latency of the human flexor reflex were recorded by different kinds of electrical stimuli in order to find the optimal stimulus, defined as the lowest amount of currency and the shortest possible duration. Stimulation was given over the posterior tibial nerve of the foot. The reflex response was recorded from the tibialis anterior muscle and the number and duration of the pulses and the inter-phase interval were varied. A train of five square wave pulses with a duration of 0.5 ms separated by 1 ms were found most suitable in quantitative studies of the reflex. Twenty-four normal persons were investigated in this way as a basis for normal values. The day-to-day variations of the reflex were small in normal subjects. PMID- 7217970 TI - Blood-stained cerebrospinal fluid: traumatic puncture or haemorrhage? AB - Computed tomography fails to ascertain, or exclude, the presence of intracranial haemorrhage in a considerable number of cases, especially in subarachnoid haemorrhage and haemorrhagic infarcts. A number of other methods, including cerebrospinal fluid spectrophotometry and cytology have, therefore, been tested to define their diagnostic efficacy in 25 cases of confirmed intracranial haemorrhage and in 25 instances of blood-stained cerebrospinal fluid due to traumatic puncture. The combination of spectrophotometry and cytology proved to have a high diagnostic reliability. On the basis of these results a routine scheme of investigation is proposed. PMID- 7217969 TI - A reassessment of sensory evoked potential parameters in multiple sclerosis: a discriminant analysis approach. AB - The sensitivity of the different parameters (absolute latency, interwave latency, latency asymmetry, amplitude) of both cervical and cerebral responses evoked by stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist was assessed in patients with multiple sclerosis by discriminant analysis. The peak latency of N13 or N20 SEP components or both was found to be more sensitive than their amplitude, provided that a preliminary covariation with the height of the subjects was performed. The measurement of latency asymmetry between the two sides increased the test's sensitivity, while amplitude asymmetry turned out to be of little diagnostic value. A linear discriminant function with four variates (that is mean amplitude, mean latency, latency asymmetry and height of the subject) was computed to summarise the information provided by the different parameters to give a rapid and exact method for the assessment of SEP abnormalities in multiple sclerosis patients. PMID- 7217971 TI - The effects of phenytoin on phenobarbitone and primidone metabolism. AB - Serum concentrations of primidone and its metabolites-phenobarbitone and phenylethylmalonamide-were measured in 40 epileptic patients receiving treatment with primidone alone or primidone plus phenytoin. Serum phenobarbitone concentrations were also measured in 100 patients receiving phenobarbitone, alone or with phenytoin showed raised serum phenobarbitone concentrations. Phenytoin also caused raised phenylethylmalonamide concentrations in patients on primidone. PMID- 7217972 TI - Neurolinguistic analysis of the language abilities of a patient with a "double disconnection syndrome": a case of subangular alexia in the presence of mixed transcortical aphasia. AB - In contrast to the classic form of alexia without agraphia, subangular alexia results from a single lesion located deep in the white matter of the left parietal lobe. In the present report, a patient with subangular alexia and features of mixed transcortical aphasia is described. Neurolinguistic findings include: alexia without agraphia, paucity of spontaneous speech, moderate auditory comprehension difficulty, excellent repetition, echopraxia, colour agnosia, and naming disorder. Neurolinguistic tests revealed intact phonological organisation and grammatical filter." Our studies revealed a "double disconnection syndrome," the co-existence of two relatively rare neurobehavioural disorders. Furthermore, the studies reported here clearly show dissociations of language functions in both the visual and auditory modality, which demonstrates that the stages of language processing are separable. PMID- 7217973 TI - CNS involvement in malignant atrophic papulosis (Kohlmeier-Degos disease): vasculopathy and coagulopathy. AB - The clinical features in a 42 year old man with malignant atrophic papulosis with CNS involvement are described. They included mental dysfunction, paraesthesiae, weakness of left limbs, with pyramidal tract signs, bilateral ptosis, progressing to total ophthalmoplegia and obtundation. There were two crops of characteristic papular lesions on trunk and limbs, with terminal evidence of a coagulopathy and bruises, resulting in death in six months. Papular biopsy revealed multiple microinfarcts in the dermal collagen. The brain showed multiple small haemorrhagic infarcts of both hemispheres, the lower mid-brain, pons and a cerebellar peduncle. Microscopy showed fibrin exudation in the leptomeninges, various stages of thrombosis of small arteries without inflammatory reaction, and corresponding acute and subacute microinfarcts. The pathogenetic basis of the disease appeared to be a combined vasculopathy and coagulopathy. PMID- 7217974 TI - Post-influenzal encephalitis during the influenza A outbreak in 1979/1980. AB - In four men a severe encephalitis developed one week after the respiratory symptoms during the influenza A outbreak in 1980. Virological studies showed that the patients had had a recent influenza A (H3N2) infection. All patients made a complete recovery. PMID- 7217975 TI - The diagnostic value of H-index in S1 root compression. AB - The H-index was studied in 42 healthy subjects and in 20 patients showing unilateral S1 root compression. When compared to the normal subjects, all patients showed a decreased H-index, or an increased difference in H-index between the sides or both. These results indicate that both parameters are valuable in the diagnosis of S1 root impairment due to intervertebral disc protrusion. PMID- 7217976 TI - Myotonic dystrophy and thymoma: a necropsy case report. AB - This report describes a 46 year old woman having both thymoma and myotonic dystrophy. Laboratory studies revealed an anterior mediastinal mass, lymphocytopenia, anergic reaction to dinitrochlorobenzene and electrophysiological evidence of myotonia. Postmortem examination disclosed a thymoma with predominant proliferation of epithelial cells. This paper is the second necropsy report of myotonic dystrophy associated with thymoma. PMID- 7217978 TI - Ataxic hemiparesis and mirror movements. PMID- 7217977 TI - Pattern visual evoked responses in hereditary spastic paraplegia. AB - Pattern visual evoked responses were studied in 13 patients from nine families with dominant herditary spastic paraplegia and in seven sporadic cases. The responses were normal in all the dominantly inherited cases but abnormal in three of the seven sporadic cases. PMID- 7217979 TI - Ionic conductance and experimentally induced myotonia. AB - Experiments were conducted to study the effect of altering external potassium on in vitro induction of myotonia in rat diaphragm using 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetate (2,4-D). An increase in external potassium inhibited, while a decrease enhanced, the myotonic response. However, in preparations which have undergone prior denervation, there was no myotonic response to 2,4-D, even when the external potassium was lowered. The experiments also support the existence of neural factors influencing the resting ionic conductance of the muscle membrane. PMID- 7217980 TI - A morphometric analysis of human muscle fibers with relation to fiber types and adaptations to exercise. AB - Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of 14 male subjects: 3 long distance runners, 2 world class power lifters and 9 active, although not highly trained, individuals used as controls. The fibers were investigated by electron microscopy and the mitochondrial volume percent, lipid volume percent and Z-line width were analyzed morphometrically. With the combined data a direct correlation was found between mitochondrial volume percent and lipid volume percent, lipid volume percent and Z-line width and mitochondrial volume percent and Z-line width. The muscle fibers were classified as slow-twitch oxidative (SO), fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) and fast-twitch-glycolytic (FG) based on relationships found in the data and well established properties of muscle fiber types. Although no distinct patterns emerged, a good approximation of fiber type characteristics was obtained, and values for volume percent of central mitochondria, volume percent lipid and Z-line width are reported. The fibers classified as SO were characterized by having wide Z-lines, a high mitochondrial volume percent and high lipid volume percent. The fast-twitch fibers (fibers with narrow Z-lines) were separated into 2 groups, those with high mitochondrial volume percent (FOG) and those with low mitochondrial volume percent (FG). No distinction could be made between the fast-twitch subgroups with regard to Z-line width. The fibers from distance runners differed from those from controls by exhibiting a greater capacity for aerobic activity as evidenced by the increased volume percent of mitochondria and lipid in both slow- and fast twitch fibers. The high strength, anaerobic activity of the world class power lifters was reflected by the low mitochondrial volume percent of many fast-twitch fibers (FG) and the decreased lipid stores in all fibers. PMID- 7217981 TI - Schwann cell involvement in the neurological lesion of the dystonic mutant mouse. A nerve grafting study. AB - Schwann cell function in the dystonic mutant mouse was studied by grafting peripheral nerve from normal into affected littermates of a C57/BL (Fa.) dt dystonic mouse colony and vice versa. In a control experiment, only unaffected animals of the colony were used, and nerve isografts were found to be ultrastructurally indistinguishable from normal nerve autografts. In addition, the isografts showed no features of the lymphocytic inflammatory rejection reaction observed in normal nerve allografts, and there was evidence that donor Schwann cells remained viable and were active in all isografts examined. When nerve isografts from affected dystonic mutants were implanted into normal littermate nerves, the normal host axons regenerating through the grafted region acquired degenerative changes characteristic of naturally occurring dystonic peripheral nerve. These changes were not seen in the host axons regenerating either outside the dystonic graft regions, or more distally in the host nerve stumps. When normal nerve isografts were implanted into affected dystonic mutant nerves, the dystonic axons regenerated through the normal graft region and became normally myelinated. It is concluded that an underlying Schwann cell defect may be responsible for the abnormalities of the dystonic mouse peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 7217982 TI - Dopaminergic inhibition of growth hormone and prolactin release during continuous in vitro perifusion of normal and adenomatous human pituitary. AB - An in vitro technique for continuous perifusion of human pituitary has been developed to study the effect of dopamine on hormone release. Pituitary tissue was obtained from 2 patients with prolactinomas, 3 patients with acromegaly and 2 patients with disseminated malignancy whose pituitaries were normal. During perifusion prolactin release was reversibly inhibited from both normal and adenomatous glands, confirming the direct effect of dopamine on the pituitary. Rebound secretion following inhibition suggested that dopamine acted upon hormone release rather than synthesis under these conditions. Growth hormone (GH) release in vivo is stimulated by levodopa in normal subjects but inhibited in acromegaly. In vitro, however, we have demonstrated inhibition of GH release by dopamine, regardless of whether the pituitary was normal or adenomatous. This finding does not support the view that dopamine receptors are acquired by tumour cells as a result of adenomatous dedifferentiation. It is suggested that the paradoxical GH response to levodopa in acromegaly can be explained by a dual action of dopamine at hypothalamic and pituitary levels. According to this hypothesis GH release is stimulated by a hypothalamic effect, whereas inhibition occurs at pituitary level. The net effect of these opposing stimuli in vivo may depend upon the sensitivity of dopamine receptors at the prevailing concentration of GH. PMID- 7217983 TI - Transplantation of rat Schwann cells grown in tissue culture into the mouse spinal cord. AB - Injections of lysolecithin were used to produce acute focal demyelination in the dorsal columns of 2 strains of mice, the myelin mutant quaking and the normal C57BL/6J. A small collection of rat Schwann cells grown in tissue culture was transplanted with their collagen substrate into this demyelinated area. The host mice were immune-suppressed to prevent graft rejection. Evidence of remyelination by Schwann cells was seen in the dorsal columns from 2-18 weeks after implantation. Proof that these Schwann cells were foreign to the host was derived from their rejection after the recipient mice were allowed to recover immunological competence by discontinuation of the immune suppression and by transferring immune cells sensitized against the donor tissue. It was concluded that Schwann cells grown in vitro retain their potential to produce myelin when returned to an in vivo situation and can myelinate central axons of a xenogenic host. PMID- 7217984 TI - Racial modification of clinical picture of multiple sclerosis: comparison between British and Japanese patients. AB - Two hundred and four consecutive British cases and 60 consecutive Japanese cases of probable (clinically definite) multiple sclerosis, seen at The National Hospital for Nervous Disease, Maida Vale, London and at Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan, respectively, over a defined period of time, were reviewed retrospectively by the same neurologist, using the same diagnostic criteria and the same method of analysis. The clinical pictures in the present 2 series were in many respects similar to each other and to that of other reported series. Some significant differences were found, however: there was (1) a greater incidence of visual loss at the onset of illness, (2) more frequent and severe involvement of spinal cord and brainstem during the course of illness, as judged clinically, and (3) more severe visual disability in the Japanese series as compared with the British series. PMID- 7217985 TI - Oral kinesthesia in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - In trials on normal subjects and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), interdental dimension discrimination (IDD) was tested by assessing the ability of subjects to discriminate between pairs of sticks of different dimensions held between the upper and lower teeth. The IDD ability of the DMD patients was significantly inferior to that of the normal subjects. Further, DMD patients tended to overestimate the dimension of the first stick of each pair even more than did normal subjects. Vibration applied to the mandible seemed to lessen such inaccuracies of oral kinesthesia in the DMD patients. These results are compatible with the idea that muscle receptors, especially muscle spindles in jaw closing muscles, are mainly responsible for IDD. PMID- 7217986 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid specific proteins in multiinfarct and senile dementia. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients suffering from senile dementia (SD) and multiinfarct dementia (MID) was fractionated into CSF-specific and antigenically serum-like proteins, using affinity chromatography with antihuman serum antibodies. The samples were isoelectric focused. Protein patterns were compared to similarly treated CSF from patients suffering from transient ischemic attacks (TIA), or normal volunteers. Characteristic changes were found in the CSF specific protein pattern from SD patients. PMID- 7217988 TI - The short-term toxicity of ethanol to neurons in rat cerebral cortex tested by topical application in vivo, and a note on a problem in estimating ethanol concentrations in tissue. AB - In rats anesthetized with ethanol 4.0 g/kg i.p. the dura overlying the parietal cortex was exposed and superfused with 100% ethanol for 1 h. After 6 days survival the underlying cortex was stained with a silver method that is selective for degenerating axons and their terminals. No degeneration was found in the superfused cortex, although heat-lesioned tissue stained concurrently showed axonal degeneration and so validated the technique. Electron microscopy after 3 20 days survival did not show any degeneration, and synapses of normal appearance were present immediately beneath the cortical surface. In other rats the ethanol concentration in the superfused tissue was assayed in 0.4 mm thick discs sectioned with a vibratome from a 4-mm diameter core cut with a trocar from the cortex immediately after 1 h of superfusion. The ethanol was eluted in 2% TCA, and an aliquot assayed enzymatically. A second elution of the tissue disc contributed a further 5% of the ethanol content indicating a partition coefficient for ethanol between wet brain tissue and 2% TCA of about 10. The total concentration of ethanol in the superficial cortex was found to be about 0.82 M or 3.8%. This estimation was confirmed by superfusion with 14C-labelled ethanol and scintillation counting. Thus neurons in the cerebral cortex did not degenerate after exposure for 1 h to a concentration of ethanol that was 3 times greater than the concentration that causes death in a rat by paralysis of the respiratory centre (1.2%). PMID- 7217987 TI - Epileptic discharges produced in monkeys by injection of spleen cells from rabbits immunised with monkey brain. AB - Cell suspension from the spleen of rabbits immunised with monkey brain gave rise to epileptic discharges in the monkey when injected intracortically, except in the case of one injection from a rabbit not recently given a booster treatment. In contrast, cell suspensions from the spleen of unimmunised rabbits, or of a rabbit immunised with a non-brain material, in all cases failed to be effective. The epileptic discharges began about 2 weeks after injection, were variable in frequency, and lasted throughout the period of recording. PMID- 7217990 TI - The prefrontal cortico-oculomotor trajectories in the monkey. AB - Prefrontal corticofugal systems, as studied with anterograde HRP histochemistry, revealed projections to preoculomotor and oculomotor centers in the diencephalon and brainstem which may underlie direct cortical influence on eye movement. Because of the location of these preoculomotor trajectories, stimulation and lesion experiments affecting ocular motility may be explained by having involved prefrontal projections which have their origin in sulcus principalis or prearcuate area 8 (frontal eye field) cortex. PMID- 7217989 TI - A quantitative ultrastructural study of dorsal root regeneration. AB - Regeneration in rat lumbo-sacral dorsal roots was studied 5-71 days following crush lesions. Wallerian degeneration occurred up to 20 days. At 11 days degenerating myelin was found in both Schwann cells and macrophages. Myelination was first observed 4 mm central to the crush at 7 days, and myelin became compact when the mesaxon exhibited 3.5 turns about the axon (about 11 days post operatively). At 71 days, 69% of all fibres were myelinated, compared with 36% in normal roots. An example of 2 axons myelinating within the same Schwann cell occurred at 20 days. In normal roots curvilinear relationships were found between axon diameter and fibre diameter, myelin thickness and axon diameter, and between g and fibre diameter. In contrast, linear relationships between these parameters occurred in post-operative roots up to 71 days. Curvilinearity returned at 71 days. Alterations in the relationship between axon diameter and myelin thickness during regeneration indicated that myelin growth lagged behind axon growth throughout, but was more noticeable in larger calibre fibres. By 71 days, larger fibres exhibited disproportionately thin myelin, whilst small fibres possessed abnormally thick myelin compared to normal fibres of similar calibre. Regeneration was limited by axons failing to make successful central synaptic connections and by the poor metabolic response of dorsal root ganglion cells to sectioning of their central processes. PMID- 7217991 TI - Central nervous system demyelination in Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis infection. AB - Arboviruses are important pathogens for both animals and humans. Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV) is an arbovirus whose pathogenicity for grey matter structures has been previously studied. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to describe extensive inflammation and demyelination in spinal cord white matter of mice infected with VEEV. To probe a possible immunepathogenesis of white matter alterations in this infection, nude mice and heterozygous controls were similarly infected. Whereas controls still showed inflammatory demyelination, nude mice showed no white matter changes in the absence of a mononuclear inflammatory response. These results suggest that white matter changes in VEEV infection are dependent upon the host immune-response, rather than produced by primary viral cytolytic activity. Such findings are similar to those we and others obtained in a number of different viral infections and support the possibility that the host immune response may be the common denominator leading to myelin injury in a variety of viral diseases. The hypothesis of "by-stander killing" of myelin is discussed as a possible host mediated mechanism of demyelination in viral infections. PMID- 7217992 TI - Cell loss in the locus coeruleus in senile dementia of Alzheimer type. AB - Sample counts of the pigmented cells of the locus coeruleus (LC) were performed in 10 middle-aged and 15 old people considered to be intellectually well preserved and in 15 cases of senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT). Evidence of a gradual loss of neurons from early middle to old age was found in the control group. In the cases of SDAT 7 counts were within the lower range for the controls but 8 had fewer neurons than any control recorded and the mean count for all the SDAT cases was significantly less than that of the older controls. Some evidence exists that the more severe cases of SDAT in terms of neocortical plaque formation have the greatest loss of LC neurons. PMID- 7217993 TI - The demonstration of new human brain-specific proteins by high-resolution two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - High-resolution multiple two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ISODALT) has been used to analyse soluble protein extracts from human brain and 12 other human organs. Approximately 200 protein gene products can be visualised on an electrophoretogram of soluble human brain proteins. By electrophoresing extracts of different human organs separately and mixed with brain extract, 8 proteins have been found which appear to be present in brain in concentrations at least 20 times greater than in any other organ. Four of these brain-specific proteins have been identified by co-electrophoresis with purified proteins as 14 3-2 protein, creatine kinase-BB isoenzyme, aldolase C4 isoenzyme, and 14-3-3 protein. The identities of the remaining 4 proteins are unknown. PMID- 7217994 TI - Manifesting carrier of x-linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - The authors have investigated the uncommon occurrence of a boy affected with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) whose mother showed myopathic features in the clinical history, EMG, biochemical tests and muscle biopsy. This study suggests that the patient's mother is a manifesting carrier of X-linked DMD with clinical, neurophysiological, biochemical and histological findings of X-linked DMD with an almost complete inactivation of the paternal X-chromosome (lyonization). PMID- 7217995 TI - Imaging system for nerve and fiber tract morphometry: components, approaches, performance, and results. AB - This report describes the imaging system that was developed to recognize, count, size, and evaluate shapes of transverse myelinated fiber (MF) profiles in nerves and fiber tracts automatically and by operator interaction. Automatic analysis, without operator interaction, will either miss a variable percentage of small MFs (using thresholds that discriminate against all other tissue profiles) or include most MFs but spuriously detect other tissue profiles (using more sensitive thresholds). Systems such as this must therefore be operator-interactive. The system that was developed will, in a favorable histologic section, automatically detect and border myelin in more than 85% of MFs without inclusion of other tissue elements. The remainder of the MFs are then identified by the operator with the digitizer pen, and the myelin is automatically bordered or, in rare cases, drawn in. Very reliable, reproducible, and rapid measurements of MF number, size, and shape can be obtained with this system. From evaluation of the size and shape of MFs in semithin sections in the light microscope as compared with the same fibers in adjacent thin sections in the electron microscope, measurements by this system can be expressed as if they were obtained on thin sections. Evaluations can be analyzed statistically, with results printed out, displayed on a video screen, and graphed. Such a system will be useful in evaluating and following morphologic changes in number, size, and shape of MFs in development, aging, regeneration, neurotoxicity, and various diseases. PMID- 7217996 TI - Human ontogenesis. I. Ultrastructural characteristics of developing human muscle. AB - Muscle cells of 25 humans fetuses 7, 9, 10, 14, 17, 20, and 24 weeks old were examined by electron microscopy to determine the structural characteristics of developing muscle. Three structurally different levels of maturation of muscle cells, the primitive myotube, the mature myotube, and the immature muscle fibers, have been observed in the process of human ontogenesis. The sequence of morphological changes and the timing of transformation of one form of fetal muscle into a more mature form are presented. PMID- 7217997 TI - Morphology of the developing visual cortex of the human infant: a quantitative and qualitative Golgi study. AB - A renaissance of the Golgi impregnation method has focused interest on dendritic aspects of neuronal development. The visual cortices of 39 "neurologically normal" infants from 14 weeks' gestation to 6 months of age were prepared at postmortem for rapid Golgi impregnation studies. These were stained and duplicated with camera lucida drawings. The total number of cells in defined columns of the visual cortex was counted on cresyl violet-stained sections, and differentiated neurons were identified. The number of spines on the apical and basal dendrites of selected cells was counted for a given interval along the dendrites. The camera lucida drawings, cell counts, and spine counts were used to illustrate the normal ontogeny of the visual cortex. PMID- 7217998 TI - Effect of prenatal ionizing radiation on the visual cortex and hippocampus of newborn squirrel monkeys. AB - Five squirrel monkeys were exposed to 200 rads whole-body ionizing irradiation (60Co) at 0.4 rads per second on approximately the seventy-fifth day of gestation, and six squirrel monkeys were sham-irradiated. The mean cortical depth and the mean number of neurons per mm3 in the visual cortex was less in irradiated animals than in controls, but the differences were not statistically significant. The mean number of glial cells in this cortical region was significantly lower in the irradiated animals. An analysis of variance of the combined spine count data from apical, basal, and oblique dendrites revealed a significantly lower number of dendritic spines on basal dendrites in irradiated than in control animals in Meynert neurons in the visual cortex of irradiated offspring. In the hippocampus, the depth of the stratum oriens and the combined depth of the strata radiatum, lacunosum, and moleculare were significantly less in irradiated than in control animals, although the difference in the depth of the pyramidal layer, considered individually, was not statistically significant. The mediolateral width of the CA-1, CA-2, and CA-3 zones, as seen in transverse section, was significantly less in irradiated animals than in controls. The number of dendritic spines per unit length of pyramidal cell dendrite in the CA-1 zone and the total number of pyramidal neurons in the CA-1, Ca-2 and CA-3 zones, per transverse section, were significantly lower in irradiated than in control brains. Canonical correlations provided statistical evidence for greater radiation vulnerability of the hippocampus compared to motor and visual areas of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7218001 TI - Interference filter microfluorometry of neuromelanin and lipofuscin in human brain. AB - Following the use of a modified procedure for interference filter microfluorometry, bleached human substantia nigra neuromelanin exhibited a bimodal fluorescence maxima at 435 and 464 nm and human inferior olive lipofuscin, whether oxidized or not, exhibited a peak of fluorescence at 464 nm. Although the fluorescent component of bleached neuromelanin displayed its emission maxima in the spectral region characteristic for lipofuscin, and is regarded as such, its unique bimodality could represent some atypical, but as yet unknown, chemical property. Spectra of three fluorescence standards and a glass blank were also determined. PMID- 7217999 TI - Partial external germinal layer regeneration in the cerebellum following methylazoxymethanol administration: effects on Purkinje cell dendritic spines. AB - Methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) was used to destroy the cerebellar external germinal layer (EGL) in neonatal mice. Partial regeneration of the EGL resulted in regional variations in the number of granule cells present in adult animals. When granule cell depletion was severe, it was accompanied by the formation and persistence of many unattached postsynaptic specializations on Purkinje cell dendritic spines. The number of unattached postsynaptic thickenings seen in areas of moderate granule cell depletion was no greater than seen in control animals. Occasional atypical spine formation was observed in both severely and moderately affected areas. This study further confirms the independence of the postsynaptic specialization in both normal and aberrant cerebella. The correlation between changes revealed at the ultrastructural level and varying degrees of granule cell depletion begins to delineate conditions associated with the development and maintenance of abnormal spines and synapses. PMID- 7218000 TI - Axonal dystrophy in the gracile nucleus in congenital biliary atresia and cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis): beneficial effect of vitamin E therapy. AB - In 63 patients with malabsorption syndromes, 16 with congenital biliary atresia (BA) and 47 with cystic fibrosis (CF), axonal dystrophy in the gracile nucleus (ADG) was studied. Of the 16 patients with BA, ADG of considerable severity was observed in all 10 over one year of age. Of the 47 patients with CF, it was observed in 32, 61 and 80% of the cases in the first, second, and third decades, respectively. Evidence is presented that there has been a substantial decrease in the incidence of ADG in CF patients in recent years and that the decreased incidence is attributable to vitamin E (Aquasol E) therapy. The beneficial effect of vitamin E supplementation in CF patients is proffered as strong evidence that ADG in BA and CF is related to vitamin E deficiency. The present study indicates that BA and CF patients require vitamin E supplementation to maintain a normal integrity of axons related to the gracile and perhaps other sensory nuclei. Critical neurological evaluation for possible dysfunction of the sensory nuclei in these patients with malabsorption syndromes is advised. PMID- 7218002 TI - Human ontogenesis. II. Development of the human neuromuscular junction. AB - The ultrastructural pattern of the early stages of end-plate formation is described in the quadriceps femoris muscle of 9- to 20-week-end human fetuses. Features of the neuromuscular junction are first observed in the ninth week of fetal life. The primitive motor end-plate contains a few axons always covered by one Schwann cell and does not seem to change either in number or in structure from the tenth through the twentieth week. Continuous modification of the post synaptic apparatus is observed from the tenth to the twentieth weeks of human fetal life. PMID- 7218003 TI - The toxic effects of cadmium on the neonatal mouse CNS. AB - Mice (QS outbred strain) received a single subcutaneous injection of cadmium chloride in saline on postnatal day 1, 8, 15, or 22. Histological examination, 24 hours after cadmium exposure on day 1, revealed petechial hemorrhages, edema, and cellular pycnosis throughout much of the immature brain. Treatment on days 8 or 15 produced similar damage, particularly edema and pycnosis, but affected progressively less of the brain until, by day 22, the brain was apparently unaffected by cadmium. Some animals, allowed to survive six to eight weeks after cadmium injection, showed behavioral anomalies and persistent brain deficits. Electron microscopic examination of parietal cortex from animals exposed to cadmium on day 1 revealed that petechial hemorrhages first occurred tow hours after treatment. The hemorrhages increased during the next six hours, and were accompanied by thinning and vacuolization of the capillary walls and widening of interendothelial gaps. In general, such changes were restricted to the partially differentiated capillaries. Degenerative changes in the brain cells were first seen about six hours after cadmium exposure. PMID- 7218004 TI - Fibrinolytic activity of plaques and white matter in multiple sclerosis. AB - Recent work has implicated plasminogen activator released from macrophages as a possible mediator of the demyelinating process in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis (MS). We have studied the capacity of white matter and plaques from MS patients to break down fibrin clots, using a histochemical technique. Fibrinolytic activity was localized exclusively to areas around blood vessels and capillaries in both patients and controls. While there was marked variation between individuals, the unaffected white matter from MS patients was, on the average, not more active than that of controls, but plaques tended to show more numerous foci of lysis, often also more intense, than adjacent white matter; there was no correlation with disease activity or age of the plaques as determined by histological criteria. The localization and degree of fibrinolysis observed were not related to the presence of lymphocytic infiltrates, gliosis, or macrophages. However, the findings do not exclude an involvement of fibrinolytic enzymes (although originating from vascular endothelium rather than macrophages) in the genesis of the MS plaque, which commonly starts around a small vein. PMID- 7218005 TI - CNS myelin and synapses in a spontaneous mouse ovarian teratoma showing neural differentiation. An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. AB - A morphologic (light-, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical) study of a spontaneous ovarian teratoma, originating in the LT strain of mice and showing predominantly neural differentiation, has revealed an unusually large number of mature myelinated axons and synapses within areas of well-differentiated neuroepithelium. Most of the myelin was determined to be of CNS origin by its staining characteristics with the LFB-PAS stain, the absence of reticulin fibers by light microscopy and of basal laminae by electron microscopy in relation to the myelin sheaths, the presence of associated cells identified morphologically as oligodendrocytes, and by the strongly positive immunohistologic reaction obtained for myelin basic protein. Most synapses likewise appeared to be of the CNS type. This murine ovarian teratoma may therefore be a useful tool for the study of neoplastic myelinogenesis and synaptogenesis. PMID- 7218006 TI - Center-surround antagonistic organization in small-field luminosity horizontal cells of turtle retina. AB - 1. The spatial properties of the small-field luminosity horizontal cell (L2-HC) were investigated in the retina of the turtle by using circular or annular light stimuli of varying dimensions. 2. The amplitude of the hyperpolarizing response induced by dim light spots decreased when the diameter of the spot was increased beyond about 1,000 micrometer. 3. With bright-light stimuli the peak amplitude of the light responses increased monotonically when increasing the illuminated area, but a delayed antagonistic effect appeared with spots of more than 1,000 micrometer diameter. 4. Depolarizing responses were observed if the periphery of the receptive field was stimulated with annuli of light in the presence of central background illumination. 5. The interaction of the inputs converging on the L2-HC from the peripheral and central regions of the receptive field was found to be nonlinear. The same peripheral stimulation could result either in an enhancement or in a depression of the central response according to the intensity of the central illumination. 6. By comparing the receptive-field properties of the L2-HC and the red cones a model is proposed that explains the antagonistic surround mechanism of the L2-HC on the basis of the antagonistic peripheral mechanism in cones. ' PMID- 7218007 TI - Response dynamics of horizontal canal afferents in barbiturate-anesthetized cats. PMID- 7218008 TI - Visual response properties of neurons in four extrastriate visual areas of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus): a quantitative comparison of medial, dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and middle temporal areas. AB - 1. The response properties of 354 single neurons in the medial (M), dorsomedial (DM), dorsolateral (DL), and middle temporal (MT) visual areas were studied quantitatively with bar, spot, and random-dot stimuli in chronically implanted owl monkeys with fixed gaze. 2. A directionality index was computed to compare the responses to stimuli in the optimal direction with the responses to the opposing direction of movement. The greater the difference between opposing directions, the higher the index. MT cells had much higher direction indices to moving bars than cells in DL, DM, and M. 3. A tuning index was computed for each cell to compare the responses to bars moving in the optimal direction, or flashed in the optimal orientation, with the responses in other directions or orientations within +/- 90 degrees. Cells in all four areas were more sharply tuned to the orientation of stationary flashed bars than to moving bars, although a few cells (9/92( were unresponsive in the absence of movement. DM cells tended to be more sharply tuned to moving bars than cells in the other areas. 4. Directionality in DM, DL, and MT was relatively unaffected by the use of single spot stimuli instead of bars; tuning in all four areas was broader to spots than bars. 5. Moving arrays of randomly spaced spots were more strongly excitatory than bar stimuli for many neurons in MT (16/31 cells). These random-dot stimuli were also effective in M, but evoked no response or weak responses from most cells in DM and DL. 6. The best velocities of movement were usually in the range of 10-100 degrees/s, although a few cells (22/227), primarily in MT (14/69 cells), preferred higher velocities. 7. Receptive fields of neurons in all four areas were much larger than striate receptive fields. Eccentricity was positively correlated with receptive-field size (r = 0.62), but was not correlated with directionality index, tuning index, or best velocity. 8. The results support the hypothesis that there are specializations of function among the cortical visual areas. PMID- 7218009 TI - A quantitative analysis of generation of saccadic eye movements by burst neurons. PMID- 7218011 TI - Neuronal responses in sensorimotor cortex to ramp displacements and maintained positions imposed on hindlimb of the unanesthetized monkey. AB - 1. Neuronal responses to passively imposed displacements of the foot were examined in area 3a, the precentral motor cortex (MI), and the first somatic sensory cortex (SI) of unanesthetized monkeys. The foot displacements, in the form of "ramps" and maintained displacements, were applied at several different velocities and achieved a number of maintained positions. The response in relation to the ramp was termed a "dynamic" response, while that in association with the maintained displacement was termed a "static" response. 2. Units in the rostral part of MI (MI/r) and in area 3a usually responded in relation both the ramps and to maintained displacements. The activity of the majority of area 3a and MI/r units was strongly modulated only during ramps of one direction. Such response properties contrast with those observed in the caudal part of MI (MI/c) and areas 3b and 1 of SI, where most units responded in relation to the ramp phase of the displacement in both of two ramp directions and not to the maintained displacements. 3. Virtually all units, including those in MI, displayed a dynamic response. However, the dynamic response amplitude of area 3a neurons greatly exceeded that of MI units for equal velocities of displacement. 4. For area 3a units, peak neuronal activity was well correlated with ramp velocity over the range examined. Such units were a minority in areas 3b and 1 of SI (excluding area 3a) and MI. 5. Most area 3a units and almost half of MI/r units displayed, in addition to a dynamic response, a static response that reflected foot position. MI units were more sensitive than area 3a units to equal degrees of maintained displacement. 6. These results demonstrate that in the unanesthetized, intact animal, responses of most neurons in area 3a and MI fall into two categories: a) mixed dynamic-static responses resembling those of muscle spindle afferents, and b) purely dynamic responses. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that afferent input concerning the velocity and position of a segment of a limb may have a role in cortically mediated regulation of movement and posture, and that both areas 3a and the MI cortex may be directly involved in this regulation. 7. The cytoarchitectonic characteristics of area 3a, as defined in single-unit studies, are discussed. It is argued that the salient characteristic of area 3a in the primate is a thinned internal granular layer (layer IV) that contrasts with the heavily granular area 3b and the agranular area 4. PMID- 7218010 TI - Submodality distribution in sensorimotor cortex of the unanesthetized monkey. AB - 1. Neuronal responses to cutaneous and noncutaneous stimulation were examined in the hindlimb representation of the precentral motor cortex (MI) and the first somatosensory cortex (SI) of unanesthetized monkeys. 2. MI can be divided into two distinct parts of the basis of its afferent input. The rostral part receives predominantly noncutaneous inputs, while the cutaneous input is primarily confined to the caudal part of MI. Thus, a differential distribution of submodality groups exists in the MI cortex. Caudal to MI, area 3a responds mainly to stimulation of noncutaneous receptors, in marked contrast to the caudal part of MI or area 3b. 3. The finding of a differential distribution of cutaneous inputs within MI is of significance a) to hypotheses concerning the role of somatosensory input to the MI cortex, b) to studies that attempt to characterize somatosensory inputs to MI by the proportion of neurons responsive to cutaneous and noncutaneous stimulation, and c) in that they confirm and extend similar findings recently reported for the forelimb representation of an anesthetized New World monkey (43). PMID- 7218012 TI - Neurogenesis in olfactory epithelium: loss and recovery of transepithelial voltage transients following olfactory nerve section. AB - 1. Unilateral olfactory nerve section was performed on the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. Physiological recordings and macroscopic observations were made to investigate the physiological correlates of functional recovery in the olfactory epithelium. 2. Slow transepithelial voltage transients, Veog, evoked by several odorous stimuli systematically decreased in amplitude during the initial 7 days and were not recorded at 10 days following nerve section, suggesting retrograde degeneration of receptor neurons. This was true for negative Veog(-), and positive, Veog(+), response components. Responses obtained from the untreated contralateral side of each animal remained similar to nonaxotomized controls. 3. Progressive recovery of the voltage transients was studied at 24, 45, 80, and 100 days following nerve section. At all stages of recovery, the wave form and time course of the responses were characteristic for each stimulus. This suggested that the response properties of the newly differentiated neuronal population were similar to those of the mature population. 4. At 100 days, response amplitudes evoked by all stimuli were similar to control values at all recording sites on the epithelial surface. The simultaneous loss and recovery of positive and negative components of the Veog indicated that the sources of both are dependent on the presence of functionally mature olfactory receptor neurons. 5. Visual inspection indicated that the olfactory nerve was reconstituted and reconnected to the olfactory bulb between 30-60 days following transection. The fact that physiological activity was recorded in the epithelium prior to this event suggests that molecular recognition and sensory transduction are not dependent on connectivity with the olfactory bulb. 6. It is concluded that physiological recovery of the olfactory receptor cell population occurs following axotomy. The time course of recovery was consistent with morphological evidence (see Ref. 57), indicating that newly differentiated receptor neurons are derived from cells in the basal region of the epithelium and replace the population lost through retrograde degeneration. PMID- 7218013 TI - Physiological activity of newly differentiated olfactory receptor neurons correlated with morphological recovery from olfactory nerve section in the salamander. AB - 1. Extracellular unitary recordings were made from the olfactory epithelium of the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, at numerous time points following olfactory nerve section. Unitary response properties were correlated with histological examination of the same tissues. 2. At 10 days following nerve section, unitary activity was rarely recorded in all regions of the epithelium. Histological examination indicated that virtually the entire mature olfactory receptor cell population had undergone retrograde degeneration. Transneuronal degeneration was not observed in the olfactory bulb, although the olfactory nerve and glomerular layers were substantially reduced in size. 3. At subsequent times, unitary impulse activity gradually returned, consisting of both spontaneous activity and odor-evoked discharges. Anatomical recovery of the olfactory epithelium preceded that of the olfactory bulb. A positive correlation was found between neuronal differentiation in the olfactory epithelium and the recovery of receptor cell function. 4. Patterns of spontaneous activity, odor specificities, intensity response functions, and adaptive properties studied in newly differentiated olfactory receptor neurons were indistinguishable from those observed in control units. This indicated that these properties were intrinsic to the receptor neurons. 5. Spontaneously active and responsive units were encountered prior to olfactory nerve connection with the bulb. It is concluded that receptor neurons pass through two phases of functional maturity: the first independent of bulbar contact and the second dependent on presumed synaptic contact with bulbar neurons. PMID- 7218014 TI - Interneurons between giant axons and motoneurons in crayfish escape circuitry. AB - 1. Crayfish giant fibers are generally believed to generate tailflip movements by means of direct connections to two classes of phasic flexor muscle motoneurons, the motor giants (MoGs) and the nongiant fast flexor motoneurons (FFs). It is shown here that the giants also stimulate a network of interneurons that make connections with the FFs. 2. This network includes an intraganglionic neuron, the segmental giant (SG), in each abdominal hemisegment and a number of intersegmental neurons, two of which (I2 and I3) were studied in detail. 3. The SGs are driven reliably by the giant fibers and they in turn drive the FFs of their hemisegment about as effectively as do the giant fibers themselves; it is possible that the giant fibers excite the FFs mainly by way of the SGs. The SGs also have an efferent first root axon whose peripheral targets we have been unable to determine. 4. I2 and I3 originate in the second and third abdominal ganglia, respectively, and descend to the last ganglion. In their ganglia of origin they are reliably driven by the giant fibers and by the SGs. In addition, I2 weakly excites I3 and both receive weak, apparently direct, excitatory input from FFs as well as less direct excitatory and inhibitory input from unidentified afferent sources. Both weakly excite most FFs in ganglia behind the one in which they originate. This excitation adds to that produced directly by giant fibers and SGs and, we believe, is sometimes decisive in causing FF firing. Their firing also causes inhibition involved in suppressing effects of reafference, as do the giant fibers themselves. 5. I3 strongly excites the motoneurons of certain tail fan muscles (the ventral and posterior telson flexors). However, the contraction of these muscles would be maladaptive during some giant fiber-mediated tailflips. Accordingly, when the giant fibers, which always recruit I3, fire, they cause an inhibition of the motoneurons that nullifies the excitatory input from I3. At a formal level this means that the giants, viewed as command neurons, not only drive but also alter or modulate the subordinate motor pattern-generating network that they control. 6. Tailflips that are less stereotyped than those mediated by giant fibers are known to occur without participation of the giants. It is suggested that the presence of complex circuitry mediating between giant fibers and FFs may be related to the use of portions of this circuitry as well as the FFs themselves in production of nongiant tailflips. PMID- 7218017 TI - Functional renal imaging through factor analysis. AB - Functional images tend to be noisy, since they are formed from parameter values estimated from noisy time-activity curves. Factor analysis provides a rapid method for fitting smooth curves to these noisy curves. Noise in functional images is reduced by estimating parameter values from the smooth curves. The method is illustrated for three parameters: TMAX (time to maximum value), RISE (increase from first to maximum value), and RISMX (maximum increase between successive values). When curve-fitting through factor analysis is used to generate functional renal images from clinical studies or to estimate parameter values for simulated noisy renogram curves, noise is reduced for the TMAX and RISMX parameters and accuracy is improved for the RISE parameter. PMID- 7218016 TI - In vivo assessment of phagocytic properties of Kupffer cells. AB - Three-compartment analysis was used to assess the kinetics of phagocytosis of Tc 99m-labeled human serum albumin microparticles (Tc-99m HSA-MM) in human Kupffer cells in vivo. The tracer turnover in these phagocytic cells could be described by a monoexponential accumulation with a two-stage elimination phase. Three compartment analysis of the Tc-99m HSA-MM kinetics allowed us to quantify tracer attachment, phagocytosis, and degradation in Kupffer cells. The calculated time course of phagocytosis in ten control subjects proved to be identical to that of phagocytosis of various test substances in mouse macrophage monolayers (1). In addition, an impairment of particle turnover at the macrophage membrane, a significantly diminished (p less than 0.01) phagocytosis rate of the tracer, was observed in ten patients with various tumors. PMID- 7218015 TI - Stochastic properties of gustatory impulse discharges in rat chorda tympani fibers. AB - 1. The present study was intended to elucidate the role of temporal patterns of impulse discharges of the gustatory primary afferents in the coding of taste qualities by the use of simultaneous analyses of the across-neuron patterning (5) and the temporal patterning of impulses. 2. Impulse discharges of 43 rat chorda tympani fibers elicited by gustatory stimulation (0.1 M NaCl, 0.5 M sucrose, 0.01 N HCl, 0.02 M quinine hydrochloride, 0.3 M KCl, and 0.02 M saccharin sodium) were recorded. The temporal patterns of impulse discharges elicited by these stimuli were statistically analyzed both in an initial dynamic phase and a succeeding stationary phase of responses. In the dynamic phase, the time courses of firing frequency were studied; however, these were not clearly associated with the qualities of taste stimuli. In the stationary phase, the stochastic properties of impulse trains were studied regarding the impulse trains as a stochastic point process (30). In this study, interspike interval histograms (ISI histograms), joint interval histograms, serial correlograms, and autocorrelograms were computed. 3. In general, the distribution patterns of ISI histogram were not absolutely specific to the taste qualities. However, the gamma or the exponential distribution occurred most often with 0.1 M NaCl, and the bimodal or the skewed distribution was dominated with 0.5 M sucrose stimulation among the stimuli tested. The rhythmic discharges did not occur exclusively with the sweet taste stimulation, though they occurred more often with the sweet taste stimulation than with other taste stimulations. The joint interval histogram and the serial correlogram were used to examine the stochastic properties of impulse trains with particular reference to the time dependence in the impulse trains. Generally, the time dependence was not concerned with the taste qualities. 4. The chorda tympani fibers were classified into three types according to the magnitude of responses and the temporal patterns of impulse discharges. The neurons predominantly responsive to NaCl and unresponsive to sucrose were classified as type I neurons. The remaining neurons, which moderately responded to both NaCl and sucrose, were further categorized into type II neurons and type III neurons, depending on their temporal patterns of impulse discharge. The type II neurons tended to show the rhythmic or burstlike firing of impulses in response to more than one kind of taste stimuli. 5. The results showed that the taste quality was represented in the characteristic temporal patterning of impulses as well as in the across neuron patterning of responses. The possible origin of the temporal discharge pattern and its significance in gustatory information processing were discussed on the basis of the neuron types described above. PMID- 7218018 TI - Are oral cathartics of value in optimizing the gallium scan? Concise communication. AB - The normal intestinal secretion of 9-15% of an administered dose of gallium-67 may prevent early detection of intra-abdominal disease. We randomized 50 patients to receive either no bowel preparation or 30 cc of milk of magnesia plus 5 cc of cascara. No significant difference was found between the two groups in frequency with which gallium interfered with readings or time to complete the study. PMID- 7218019 TI - Redistribution on the thallium scan in myocardial sarcoidosis: concise communication. AB - Resting and redistribution thallium studies were performed in four young patients with sarcoidosis to evaluate the possibility of myocardial involvement. In each case the resting scan showed marked defects that resolved on the redistribution studies. In a different patient population, these results would have implied significant coronary artery disease. PMID- 7218020 TI - Effects of exercise on kinetics and distribution of K-43 and Tl-201 in isolated myocardium: concise communication. AB - Kinetics and distribution of K-43 and Tl-201 were studied in isolated myocardial tissue from rats to assess the effects of exercise. The experimental design was as follows. Rats in some groups were forced to swim for 2 hr; immediately after swimming, they were injected with 0.2 mCi of 43KCl or 201TlCl; at 0.5 or 3 hr after injection they were killed and a myocardial segment was obtained and subjected to washouts with nonradioactive Krebs fluid in a special chamber. The radioactivity remaining in the tissue was recorded continuously for 1 hr. In control groups ("rested") the exercise was omitted. Altogether there were four groups of ten animals each for both K-43 and Tl-201. A three-compartment model (extracellular, main intracellular, and subcellular) was used; transport rate constants and relative compartment sizes were determined. The most striking finding was the unchangeability of K-43 parameters with regard to experimental condition (rest compared with exercise) and sampling time (0.5 compared with 3 hr after radionuclide injection). On the other hand, Tl-201 parameters were modified by exercise and sampling time. Notable differences between K-43 and Tl-201 kinetics were found. The hypothesis that alterations at the cellular level may affect regional myocardial distribution of a radionuclide is discussed. PMID- 7218021 TI - Clinical significance of serum vitamin B12 measured by radioassay using pure intrinsic factor. AB - Serum vitamin B12 (B12) levels of 53 patients (15 with pernicious anemia) and 42 healthy volunteers were determined using crude intrinsic factor (IF), pure IF, and a mixture of crude IF + R-protein blocking agent (block IF). The radioassay using pure IF showed less sample-to-sample variation in nonspecific binding than the radioassay using block IF. The mean B12 levels in 42 healthy subjects were significantly higher with crude IF (499 +/- 23 pg/ml, 1 s.e.m.) than with pure IF (408 +/- 29 pg/ml) or with block IF (407 +/- 22 pg/ml). B12 levels were abnormally low in all 15 patients with pernicious anemia by pure IF (less than 100 pg/ml), in 14 patients by block IF (less than 150 pg/ml), and in only seven patients by crude IF (less than 200 pg/ml). Our data confirm previous reports that B12 deficiency can be diagnosed more reliably by measuring serum B12 levels with etiher pure IF or block IF. PMID- 7218023 TI - Studies with 17 beta(16 alpha-[125i]iodo)-estradiol, an estrogen receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical, in rats bearing mammary tumors. AB - We have studied the distribution of 17 beta(16 alpha-[125I]iodo)-estradiol (I-E2) in tumor-bearing and normal rats. High early adrenal-to-blood ratios (up to 22 at 5 min) were seen in all groups, but this fell to six at 1 hr. Uterus-to-blood ratios of 15 were found, and these were fairly constant up to 2 hr after administration. Uptake of label in the uterus, but not in the adrenals, was sensitive to excess diethylstilbestrol, which competes with I-E2 for estrogen receptors. Mean tumor-to-blood ratios of 1.4, 5.5, and 8.7 were seen at 1 hr in rats with transplanted, spontaneous, and N-nitrosomethylurea-induced tumors, respectively. Diethylstilbestrol was shown to reduce uptake of label by spontaneous tumors. Most of the radioactivity was excreted in the bile by 1 hr. Better estrogen-receptor-binding radiopharmaceuticals can probably be designed. PMID- 7218022 TI - Tc-99m HIDA scintigraphy in segmental biliary obstruction. AB - Segmental biliary obstruction as a result of primary or secondary hepatic malignancy has been reported with increasing frequency. For two representative patients, the clinical and Tc-99m HIDA scintigraphic findings in segmental biliary obstruction are described. The presence of photon-deficient dilated bile ducts in one segment of the biliary tree is highly suggestive of localized biliary obstruction and should be considered in the patient with suspected or proven hepatic malignancy despite the absence of jaundice. PMID- 7218025 TI - Vitamin B12: are serum radioassay measurements reliable? PMID- 7218024 TI - BRH test pattern for the evaluation of gamma-camera performance. AB - A transmission test pattern has been developed for the simultaneous evaluation of intrinsic resolution, field uniformity, and spatial distortion of gamma cameras of any model and age. Holes 2.5 mm in diameter are drilled with high precision through a 3.2-mm thick lead-alloy plate, forming an orthogonal array of holes. The minimal lead spacing separating adjacent holes is a constant 2.5 mm in th Y direction, but varies along the X axis, in groups of six holes, from 1.5-7 mm in steps of 0.5 mm. The performance of gamma cameras has been investigated with the gamma rays of Tc-99m and the low-energy photons from Xe-133 and Tl-201. Images of the test pattern provide a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for gamma camera quality control, acceptance testing of new instruments, and checking of a camera's operating and maintenance procedures. PMID- 7218026 TI - An algorithm for calculation of background activity in thallium-201 myocardial imaging. PMID- 7218028 TI - Ga-67 scanning during peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7218027 TI - Difference in gallium-67 tissue distribution in male and female mice. PMID- 7218030 TI - Effects of food restriction and body weight loss on metabolic fecal nitrogen excretion in the rat. AB - Metabolic fecal nitrogen was measured in young adult female rats fed synthetic diets before and after weight losses had been caused by restricted food intake. When food intake was decreased from 5.5 to 2.4 g or from 6.7 to 2.3 g per 100 g body weight per day, metabolic fecal nitrogen per gram food intake increased by 48 and 59%, respectively. However, weight losses did not affect metabolic fecal nitrogen excretion significantly until some 40% loss of weight had been obtained. At this point metabolic fetal nitrogen excretion was observed to increase by 11%. These results indicate that the 6% increase in apparent digestibility of crude protein in a stock diet which occurs during food restriction is due to a genuine increase in absorption of dietary nitrogen. PMID- 7218029 TI - In-111 DTPA detection of cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the thoracic spine. PMID- 7218031 TI - Induction of urea cycle enzymes of rat liver by amino acids. AB - To determine which amino acids in a high casein diet are responsible for induction of the five urea cycle enzyme activities in rat liver, we tube-fed 21 L amino acids singly to rats over 2 days at maximum doses which did not cause toxicity. The results were compared with the 1.3- to 1.9-fold increases (units/100 g rat) obtained by tube-feeding 2 g N/kg for 2 days as casein hydrolysate. Ala (2 g N/kg), Gly /2 g N/kg), Met (0.2--0.4 g N/kg) and Cys (0.4 g N/kg) were the only amino acids which increased all five activities. Moreover, Met. Ala, Gly and casein hydrolysate in these doses increased immuno-precipitable arginase as much as they increased its activity. A combination of Met, Ala and Gly (2 g N/kg) increased all five activities more than 2 g N/kg of casein hydrolysate. Met (0.05 g N/kg) + Ala (0.08 g N/kg) + Gly (0.1 g N/kg), the amounts of these contained in 2 g N/kg of casein, increased all five enzymes in 2 days as much as this dose of casein hydrolysate. Met (0.06 g N/kg) alone increased all five activities (units/100 g rat) 1.2 to 1.4-fold over controls by increasing g liver/100 g rat. Ammonium citrate or acetate tube-feedings over 8 days at 2 g N/kg increased only AS. The keto-acid of alanine, pyruvate, or the alpha-hydroxy acid of methionine did not increase any enzyme whereas the same molar dose of their amino acids increased all five activities. Thus three amino acids of casein, Ala, Gly and especially Met, account for the enzyme adaptation of the urea cycle on a high casein diet. PMID- 7218032 TI - Tissue retention of arsenic in rats fed witch founder or cacodylic acid. AB - Weanling rats were fed one of five diets for 42 days either ad libitum or on a restricted-equalized feeding regimen. The five diets included a low arsenic control and a medium or high level of arsenic from either witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus) tissue or cacodylic acid. Dietary arsenic in either form did not influence any of the biological indices of exposure examined except tissue arsenic levels. Retentions of arsenic in the livers and spleens of rats fed the highest level of fish arsenic (28.8 ppm) were about 7 and 2 times higher, respectively, than controls. Retentions of arsenic in the livers and spleens of rats fed the highest level of arsenic from cacodylic acid (22.1 ppm) were about 30 and 110 times higher, respectively, than controls. Retention of arsenic within the erythrocytes of rats fed the highest level of fish arsenic were equal to controls whereas it was about 130 times higher than controls among rats fed the highest level of arsenic as cacodylic acid. Apparently the chemical form of the arsenic in the edible tissue of witch flounder is uniquely metabolized by the rat compared to other arsenic forms. PMID- 7218033 TI - Effects of vitamin B-6 deficiency during lactation on the vitamin B-6 content of milk, liver and muscle of rats. AB - Effects of a dietary deficiency of vitamin B-6 imposed during the lactation period on the level of this vitamin in milk, liver and muscle were assessed in rats. A control diet (vitamin B-6 free basal diet supplemented with 10 mg pyridoxine . HCl/kg) was fed to all rats just before and during the gestation period. On day 1 of lactation, dams were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups: deficient (vitamin B-6 free basal diet), control or restricted control (control diet restricted in quantity to that consumed by the deficient group). Levels of total vitamin B-6 in milk, liver and muscle were determined by microbiological assay on days 1, 6, 16 and 21 of lactation. On day 6, the concentration of vitamin B-6 in milk of deficient dams was less than 20% of control or restricted control values. The low level of vitamin B-6 in milk of the deficient group continued to be evident on days 16 and 21 whereas in control and restricted control groups the vitamin content increased on days 16 and 21 compared to the values on day 6. In contrast to the low level of vitamin B-6 content observed in milk on day 6 in the deficient group, the vitamin content in liver of this group was approximately 75% of control or restricted control values, and the vitamin content in muscle was not significantly altered by the deficiency. Hence, milk was effected sooner by the deficiency and was an earlier indicator of impending vitamin B-6 deficiency than was liver or muscle tissues. PMID- 7218034 TI - Transport of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in erythrocytes from various mammalian species. AB - Uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, and serum and red cell folate levels were measured in peripheral blood samples from seven mammalian species. Velocity of uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, at a concentration of 1 microM, increased from 0.001 pmole/10(9) red cells/minute (guinea pig) to 0.7 pmole/10(9) red cells/minute (pig) in the sequence: guinea pig less than sheep less than dog less than man less than rabbit less than rat less than pig. Michaelis constants (Km) were similar for human, dog and sheep erythrocytes (0.5--0.7 microM) but higher in red cells from rabbit, rat and pig (1.7--3.5 microM). Serum and red cell folate levels were comparable in human and dog samples; both levels were higher in rabbit and rat blood. In contrast, red cell folate levels were much lower in pig, sheep and guinea pig peripheral blood. These studies provide evidence that folate compounds are transported by an erythrocyte membrane carrier which is separate from the known permeation system for anions, since the species sequence for the latter is entirely different. They also suggest that some mammalian species, such as the dog, may be more relevant to man for studies of blood folate metabolism than several other species. PMID- 7218035 TI - Effects of maternal intake of ascorbic acid on the postnatal metabolism of this vitamin in the guinea pig. AB - Guinea pigs were fed diets containing 0.04% (control), 0.56% (E-1) or 0.86% (E-2) ascorbic acid during the last half of pregnancy. Levels of ascorbic acid in serum and various organs of the mother and fetuses were higher in the animals receiving the E-1 diet than in controls. Between 5 and 10 days after birth ascorbic acid catabolism was measured in the offspring of the various groups by determining the rate of excretion of 14Co2 after an injection of L-[1-14C] ascorbic acid. Compared with controls, pups from the E-1 and E-2 groups had similar increased ascorbic acid catabolism. Animals in the E-1 group, fed a 0.006% (MDR) ascorbic acid diet from day 11 after birth, had markedly decreased ascorbic acid catabolism after ten days on the MDR diet. After 20 days on this diet ascorbic acid catabolism was similar to controls fed the MDR diet. By contrast, catabolism values remained elevated in pups maintained on the E-1 diet. Similarly, tissue ascorbic acid levels among all groups of offspring reflected comparable changes. Prolonged high maternal intake of ascorbic acid during pregnancy increases the metabolism of this vitamin in the neonatal period. Additional postnatal effects depend on dietary manipulation and may either be lasting or transient. PMID- 7218036 TI - Influence of cadmium on the intestinal uptake and absorption of calcium in the rat. AB - To determine the effects of cadmium on the intestinal absorption of calcium, everted gut sacs from rats orally dosed with 0, 0.05, 0.5 or 5.0 mg Cd daily for 3 weeks were placed in media containing 4 x 10(-5) M Ca. Tissue content of calcium after 1 hour incubation was approximately 1.5 times greater for the 5-mg Cd dose. Serosal fluid content of calcium was decreased by the 0.5- and 5-mg Cd/day doses. In other experiments, gut sacs were incubated in bathing media containing 4 x 10(-5) Ca and Cd in concentrations of 10(-4) to 10(-2) M. Tissue and serosal fluid uptake of calcium decreased as Cd concentration increased. To determine the effects of cadmium on the accumulation of calcium against a concentration gradient, equimolar concentrations of Cd were placed in the mucosal and serosal fluids. Cadmium was added to the mucosal fluid. The accumulation of calcium was abolished by 1.5 x 10(-4) M Cd while at 10(-6) M Cd the accumulation was decreased to one-third the control value. The results indicate that acute or chronic exposure of the intestine to cadmium decreases the intestinal absorption of calcium. PMID- 7218037 TI - Dietary L-histidine-induced hypercholesterolemia and hypocupremia in the rat. AB - The effect of histidine-supplemented stock diets on plasma cholesterol and on the amelioration of the hypercholesterolemia by simultaneous copper supplementation was examined in rats. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats, five groups of 10 animals each, were fed ground stock diets unsupplemented or supplemented with 8% L-histidine, 8% L-histidine plus 222.8 micrograms Zn/g and 8% L-histidine plus 56.6 micrograms Cu/g. On day 46 plasma and liver cholesterol, copper and zinc concentrations were determined by colorimetry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Histidine supplementation produced hepatomegaly, depressed growth, a 131.8% (P less than 0.001) increase in plasma cholesterol and significant reductions in plasma copper and zinc and liver copper concentrations. The simultaneous feeding of histidine and zinc-supplemented stock diet failed to alter the hypercholesterolemia despite elevation in plasma zinc to values in excess of control animals. The simultaneous feeding of histidine and copper supplemented stock diets abolished the hypercholesterolemia, reduced the hepatomegaly observed with histidine alone and elevated tissue copper concentrations to values in excess of control animals. Tissue copper and cholesterol concentrations showed significant negative correlations. No correlations between zinc and cholesterol were observed. The results suggest that histidine-induced hypercholesterolemia is due to changes in copper status, and is abolished by simultaneous copper supplementation. PMID- 7218038 TI - Effect of oxidized fish oil, DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and ethoxyquin supplementation on the vitamin E nutrition of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed practical diets. AB - A factorial experiment was conducted using two degrees of oxidation of the 7.5% supplemental fish oil (peroxide values of 5 and 120 meq/kg oil), two levels of supplemental DL-apha-tocopheryl acetate (0 and 33 mg/kg diet) and two levels of ethoxyquin (0 and 125 mg/kg diet) supplementation. Dietary thiobarbituric acid number, weight percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-three fatty acids in the total fatty acids were significantly (P less than 0.05) different between diets with fresh and highly oxidized oil. Dietary RRR-alpha-tocopherol was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by the addition of highly oxidized oil after 24 weeks storage of the feed while supplemental DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate level was not changed. Fish fed the various diets showed no differences in growth, feed:gain ratio, carcass composition or plasma glutathione peroxidase activity. The mortality, percent red cells hemolyzed by hydrogen peroxide, plasma and liver RRR-alpha-tocopherol concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by the addition of highly oxidized oil or DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate but not by ethoxyquin except that mortality was reduced by supplementary ethoxyquin. The results of this study suggested that no vitamin E or ethoxyquin supplementation was needed to prevent a deficiency of vitamin E in rainbow trout fed a practical diet containing 7.5% of a good quality herring oil for 24 weeks. PMID- 7218039 TI - Effect of dietary fat on protein intake regulation in young obese and lean mice. AB - Young female obese (ob/ob) and lean mice were allowed to self-select from two diets varying in protein and carbohydrate, protein and fat or carbohydrate and fat for 36 days. Obese and lean mice offered a choice between two diets varying in protein and carbohydrate consumed 35 and 30%, respectively, of energy from protein. When two diets varying in protein and fat were fed, both obese and lean mice initially self-selected a higher percentage of energy from protein than when diets varying in protein and carbohydrate were fed. This pattern was rapidly reversed in lean mice and more gradually reversed in obese mice. By the end of this feeding trial, obese and lean mice were self-selecting 26 and 16%, respectively, of energy from protein. When two diets varying in carbohydrate and fat were fed, young obese mice self-selected only 44 +/- 6% of energy from the high fat diet whereas lean mice self-selected 65 +/- 4% of energy from the high fat diet. The ratio of plasma tryptophan to large neutral amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine) showed a strong inverse relationship to protein intake. In summary, replacement of dietary carbohydrate with fat lowered the percentage of energy self-selected as protein. Obese mice, however, continued to consume more energy and more protein than lean mice. PMID- 7218041 TI - Effect of selenium deficiency on liver and blood glutathione peroxidase activity in guinea pigs. PMID- 7218040 TI - Influence of a low carbohydrate diet on performance of pregnant and lactating dogs. AB - Beagle bitches, obtained 3 weeks post-conception, were fed one of two diets; diet 1 contained 44% of metabolizable energy from carbohydrate and diet 2 contained 0% of metabolizable energy from carbohydrate. Bitches consumed similar amounts of energy from the two diets. Plasma glucose levels were similar in bitches fed the two diets, except in the week before whelping. At this time, plasma glucose levels as low as 15--20 mg/dl were observed in several bitches fed diet 2. None of the bitches fed diet 1 exhibited hypoglycemia. Bitches fed diet 2 also had depressed plasma levels of alanine and lactate and elevated levels of free fatty acids and B-hydroxybutyrate near the end of gestation. Total number of pups whelped by the bitches was unaffected by diet, but fewer pups from bitches fed diet 2 were alive at birth (63%) than from bitches fed diet 1 (96%). Only 35% of the pups whelped by bitches fed diet 2 were alive at 3 days of age. Milk from bitches fed diet 2 had a lower percentage of energy from lactose and a higher percentage of energy from fat than did milk of bitches fed diet 1. Growth of pups, however, was unaffected by composition of diet fed to the bitches. We concluded that pregnant bitches require dietary carbohydrate for optimal reproductive performance. PMID- 7218042 TI - Effect of dietary protein and phosphorus levels on calcium and phosphorus metabolism of the young, fast growing rat. AB - Utilizing a 2 X 2 factorial design, male weanling rats were fed diets containing either 25% or 45% casein with 0.35% or 0.8% phosphorus (P). Dietary calcium (Ca) was set at 0.9% for each diet. During the 7 weeks of this experiment, food intakes and body weights were measured weekly; urine and fecal samples were collected daily. Regardless of dietary P level, increasing dietary protein resulted in significantly decreased fecal Ca output accompanied by an increase in the Ca content of urine. Increasing dietary P resulted in significantly increased fecal Ca content, decreased absolute and percent Ca absorption, and decreased urinary Ca output. Increased fecal and urinary P excretion were obtained when dietary P levels were increased. Increasing dietary protein at the 0.35% P level slightly increased the values for absolute and percent Ca and P absorption. However, when 0.8% P was fed, increasing the protein level of the diet decreased these Ca (weeks 1-5) and P absorption values. Ca and P balances were positive at all times. PMID- 7218043 TI - Further nutritional characterization of dorsomedial hypothalamic hypophagia in rats: diet consistency, finickiness, self-selection of diets, starvation and realimentation and "stress eating". AB - Young-mature male Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral lesions in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei (DMNL); sham-operated rats served as controls. After 30 days of a pelleted commercial laboratory diet, they received a powdered lab diet for 10 days. Both groups of rats reduced food intake for the duration of the test. Thus, although grossly hypophagic under ad libitum feeding conditions, DMNL do not impair adaptation to a diet of different consistency. Both DMNL and controls were significantly hypophagic when fed a quinine-adulterated powdered diet, but only on the first of a 9-day regimen. Thus, they show only transitory finickiness. During a 16-day self-selection test with three equicaloric diets with different amounts of the three macronutrients in each (HCD: high carbohydrate, HFD: high fat, and HPD: high protein diet), DMNL rats ate in absolute terms (g/day) the same amount of HCD, significantly less HFD and during two of seven measuring periods, significantly less HPD. However, their intake in percent of total consumption was similar to that of the controls., After a 48 hour fast, DMNL rats lost and regained body though these rats showed hypophagia during the 48-hour realimentation period, their efficiency of food utilization was similar to the controls. Thus, DMNL rats have not lost the capacity to regulate body weight and food intake after fast-induced weight loss. During eight tail pinch (TP) sessions (11 days), DMNL rats were hyperphagic and preferred HCD and HFD in comparison with controls. In their home cages (lab diet) DMNL rats were hypophagic and over 11 days showed a decline in food intake while the controls displayed an increase. In contrast to previous findings, the challenges of the present study unmasked some deficits in energy homeostasis in the DMNL rat. PMID- 7218044 TI - Effects of long-term protein deficiency on plasma lipoprotein concentrations and metabolism in rhesus monkeys. AB - Lipoprotein concentrations and metabolism were studied in 5- and 9-year-old rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Both age groups had been divided into control (13.8% of the calories as protein) and low-protein (3.7% protein) subgroups at birth. All were tested before and after their dietary lipid was changed from corn oil to butter plus cholesterol. The concentrations of very-low-density and high density2 lipoproteins (VLDL and HDL2) tended to be higher in monkeys of the low protein group, and butter plus cholesterol accentuated the difference. All monkeys of the low protein group had elevated levels of at least one of these two classes of lipoproteins. The secretion of nascent VLDL (after intravenous Triton WR-1339) was greater in the low protein than in the control group when both were fed butter plus cholesterol, and rates of VLDL secretion showed a strong positive correlation with the fasting levels of VLDL. Thirty minutes after the intravenous administration of heparin, VLDL triglyceride was almost completely removed, and the apolipoprotein was reduced by 40%; VLDL cholesteryl esters were unchanged. There was a simultaneous decrease in the intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) and an increase in HDL2, but the low density lipoproteins (LDL) and HDL2 did not change. The rate of VLDL protein removal from plasma was greater in the low protein than in the control group, and the rates for individual monkeys correlated with the levels of VLDL and HDL2 prior to heparin administration. Hepatic postheparin lipase measured in vitro with saturating levels of substrate was significantly higher in the plasma of control than in that of low protein monkeys. PMID- 7218045 TI - A morphometric comparison of central and peripheral hypomyelination induced by postnatal undernourishment of rats. AB - Developing Long-Evans rats were undernourished to produce a body-weight deficit of 39% at the age of weaning. Well-nourished litter mates were used as controls. Morphometric analyses were made of pyramidal tracts and posterior tibial nerves of each animal. In measuring pyramidal tract, we observed that axonal circumferences of myelinated fibers were smaller in the undernourished rats and that the number of myelin lamellae per axon appeared reduced by a small amount. The most striking observation in the undernourished rats compared to the controls was that the proportion of myelinated fibers was decreased by 40% at 20 days of age. Axon circumferences of nonmyelinated axons were not measured. Similar decreases were observed in myelinated axon circumference and myelin lamellae of posterior tibial nerves of undernourished rats. Because of sampling problems, we did not attempt to compare the proportion of myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers in posterior tibial nerves of undernourished and well-nourished rats. These morphometric data, particularly the reduction of myelinated fibers, are consistent with biochemical studies of brain hypomyelination in undernourished rats. The data indicate that the mechanism of hypomyelination in nutritionally deprived rats involves a failure of the "trigger" by which myelin-forming cells begin to sheath axons in myelin. PMID- 7218049 TI - Effect of early feeding on cellularity of rat adipose tissue. AB - Effect of food intake at various ages (fetal, suckling and weaning periods) on adipose tissue cellularity was studied. 1) Rats were given a restricted diet on weaning and later allowed free access to diet. Fat pads of these animals recovered normal weight on refeeding and no differences in cell number or cell size were observed. 2) Food intake was varied by changing the litter size during the suckling period and, after weaning, animals were given free access to diet. Fat pads of rats raised in small litters were heavier than those of rats raised in large litters. The differences in adipose tissue weight were accounted for by differences in cell size and cell number 3) Maternal rats were given a restricted diet during pregnancy. The pups were irregular in their weight. Pups of the restricted group which were smaller than pups of the control group at birth were chosen and raised normally. Fat pads of these animals were lighter than those of control animals and could be explained in terms of differences in cell size. From these findings, it was suggested that cellular effects of early feeding depended on the phase of growth in the rat. PMID- 7218047 TI - A comparison of the gastrointestinal tract in germ-free and conventional mice fed an amino acid mixture or purified whole-egg protein. AB - An amino acid mixture diet(AA) simulated with purified whole-egg protein and a purified whole-egg protein diet(WE) were given to ICR strain male germ-free(GF) and conventional(CV) mice for three weeks from five to eight weeks of age. All mice were killed at eight weeks of age and the gastrointestinal tracts were removed. The lengths of the small intestine were measured and six parts, i.e., the stomach; upper, middle and lower parts of the small intestine; cecum; and colon and rectum were separated, and each part (with contents) was weighed immediately. The contents were removed from each part by washing with distilled water. For the gut without contents, only total nitrogen(TN) was estimated and for the gut contents, TN, protein nitrogen(PN) and water-insoluble nitrogen(WIN) were estimated. The fresh weight of cecum with contents per 100 g of body weight of GF mice fed on AA diet, 2.07 +/- 0.11 g (mean +/- SE), was lighter than that of GF mice fed on WE diet, which was 4.51 +/- 0.28 g. The weight and length of the small intestine of AA diet groups were smaller than those of WE diet group. TN and PN(mg) in whole gut contents per 100 g of body weight in the WE diet group were higher than those in the AA diet group and high TN and PN were observed in GF mice. The PN per TN and WIN per PN of gut contents were affected more by the presence of the flora than by the difference in diets, and CV mice showed high values. The TN of the intestinal tract excluding contents showed no differences in GF and CV mice fed on either diet. PMID- 7218046 TI - Biological rat assay for total fluoride availability in foods. AB - A fluoride (F) bioassay procedure based on the method of standard additions and using weanling rats was designed and tested. Rats were distributed between a control (C) group fed MIT 200 diet (F conc. less than 0.5 ppm) and an experimental (E) group fed this diet plus 1% dehydrated instant tea used as a model test food. Both groups were further divided into subgroups fed the C or E diets, but supplemented with 0.5, 10, 20 or 40 ppm F as NaF, and offered deionized water for a period of 10 days. Rats were then killed and femur (fm) and tibia (tb) dissected. Bone samples were treated in a closed system with HCl (6 N) and later with sodium citrate (30%) to determine F concentration using a specific ion electrode. F values (y) for fm and tb were plotted against F amounts added to the diets (xt). Weighted regression equations describing the linear relationship between the two variables were used to calculate the available F content of dehydrated tea which was 830 +/- 43 ppm F (using fm data) and 836 +/- 67 ppm (using tb data). Chemical assay of the dehydrated tea used as a test food gave a F concentration of 887 +/- 16 or 93.5 +/- 5.1% availability. This rat bioassay to determine total available fluoride in a dried food can be combined with a chemical assay to obtain a measure of percent availability of F. PMID- 7218048 TI - Effects of amino acid imbalance on polysome profiles and 14C-labeled amino acid incorporation into tissue proteins in rats. AB - Feeding of rats on a low casein diet supplemented with a small amount of methionine caused an enlargement of liver size and an accumulation of lipids in the liver. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects induced by the amino acid-imbalanced diet on the metabolism of dietary amino acids with special reference to protein synthesis. Protein and DNA contents of the liver per 100 g body weight with rats fed on the imbalanced diet were apparently higher than those of rats fed on the basal diet. Ingestion of the imbalanced diet clearly stimulated hepatic ribosome aggregation but not skeletal muscle ribosome aggregation. Incorporation of [14C]leucine into liver protein was markedly increased in the group consisting of rats fed on the imbalanced diet (imbalanced group) and that into skeletal muscle was similar to the result with the group receiving the basal diet (basal group). Relative content of [14C]leucine in plasma albumin was higher in rats of the imbalanced group, whereas that in plasma of very low-density lipoprotein was reduced. These results indicate that the unbalanced inter-organ or intra-organ utilizations of dietary amino acids for protein synthesis were produced by the condition of the amino acid imbalance. Such metabolic effects of the amino acid imbalance may result in the enlargement of liver size and the accumulation of lipids in the liver. PMID- 7218050 TI - Quantitative analysis of cholesterol in foods by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - In order to develop a simple and exact analytical method for cholesterol determination in foods by gas-liquid chromatography, several experiments were carried out in collaboration with several universities and institutes. For the extraction of lipids from foods, it was decided that chloroform-methanol (2:1) extraction was the most suitable procedure. Since pretreatment procedures using methods such as thin-layer chromatography and florisil column chromatography to purify the unsaponifiable matters reduced the recovery of cholesterol, and good results were obtained without applying the pretreatment, these procedures were concluded to be unnecessary. Gas chromatograms obtained with free sterol showed results similar to those of the trimethylsilyl ether derivative and acetate. 5 alpha-Cholestane is used as a good internal standard. PMID- 7218051 TI - An evaluation of a modified erythrocyte transketolase assay for assessing thiamine nutritional adequacy. AB - Transketolase (TK) activity was assessed by incubating hemolyzed whole blood with ribose-5-phosphate both in the presence (TKsat.) and in the absence (TK) of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). The amount of pentoses utilized between 5 and 60 min after the start of the incubation was taken as a measure of the TK activity. The TPP effect was expressed at (TKsat. - TK)/TK x 100. The coefficient of variation for the TPP effect determination was 9.6% within the TPP effect range from 6 to 22%. Within the TPP effect range from 24 to 46%, the coefficient of variation was 8.7%. The mean TPP effect as measured in a group of healthy individuals amounted to 13.5%, with a range from 8.3 to 18.5%. In a group of obese women submitted to an energy-restricted diet, the TPP effect ranged from 12.7 to 30%. In patients suffering from Wernicke's encephalopathy, the TPP effect varied from 28 to 67%. PMID- 7218052 TI - Type A coronary-prone behavior in the work environment. PMID- 7218053 TI - The unions speak on wavers of liability. PMID- 7218056 TI - Cost of hypertension control at the workplace. AB - A cost analysis of hypertension treatment at the workplace indicates that average patient cost in 1978 was $194.77. The distribution of cost is: clinical personnel, 26.7%; administrative personnel, 26.7%; drugs, 23.9%; laboratory, 3.4%; clinical supplies, 1.1%; general supplies and other operating expenses, 8.7%; equipment use, 1.0%; and rent, 2.6%. This aggregate cost is well below that reported for care provided in private practice and hospital outpatient department settings. The study further indicates that the constant dollar cost of care declines over the first three of four years and begins to stabilize at the fourth year. During the initial three-year period drug costs rise, but fewer revisits are required to attain and maintain blood pressure control. Drug utilization and the number of revisits per year stabilize at the fourth year. PMID- 7218057 TI - Type A coronary-prone behavior and stress in senior female managers and administrators. AB - This article describes a study of relationships between Type A coronary-prone behavior patterns, as measured by the Bortner and Rosenman scale, and stress levels, coping ability and psychological stress-related symptoms of a group of 148 senior female managers and administrators. The results indicate that the majority of the sample were categorized as Type A individuals, and that Type A behavior was related to age. A relationship was found between Type A behavior and subjects perceiving themselves as having higher stress levels compared to the female and male peers with whom they worked. Type A individuals perceived that their "ability to cope with stress" was worse compared to that of their female peers and female superiors, but saw themselves as better "copers" compared to their female subordinates. Type A individuals did not see themselves as a source of stress to their subordinates. A relationship was also found between Type A behavior and symptoms of anxiety, frustration and irritation. Results are compared to those of previous relevant research, and the implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 7218054 TI - A method for monitoring the fertility of workers. 1. Method and pilot studies. AB - A method has been developed for monitoring male and female industrial workers and other persons exposed to environmental agents which may impair fertility. The essential feature of the method is its ability to distinguish the potential effects of occupational exposure from a multitude of other factors known to affect fertility. Information is collected primarily through use of a questionnaire which take less than three minutes to complete and can be administered to persons of either sex. The advantages and limitations of the method are considered in the context of pilot studies at two small chemical plants and of a review of attempts to assess occupational effects of fertility from interviews of health records. PMID- 7218055 TI - The association between parental occupation and childhood malignancy. AB - A case control study was conducted to test Fabia and Thuy's observation that there was an excess of fathers in hydrocarbon-related occupations among children who died of childhood cancer compared to their controls. The study comprised 692 children who were born and died in Massachusetts for the years 1947-1957, and 1963-1967 and a control group of 1,384. No significant association was found between the four major groups of childhood cancer and the three hydrocarbon related occupations: (1) mechanics and gas station attendants; (2) machinists; and (3) painters, cleaners, and dyers. However, there were two significant associations: (a) paternal employment as a paper or pulp mill worker was associated with tumors of the brain and other parts of the nervous system (relative odds of 2.8); and (b) paternal employment as a mechanic or machinist was associated with tumors of the urinary tract (relative odds of 2.5). Without strong supporting evidence from other studies, the authors are reluctant to conclude that these associations are causal. A weak association between childhood leukemia-lymphoma are parents' ages was observed. PMID- 7218058 TI - Gastrointestinal carcinoma and occurrence of pleural plaques on pulmonary X-ray. PMID- 7218059 TI - Hepatic and renal effects of low concentrations of methoxyflurane in exposed delivery ward personnel. AB - During five alternating three-week periods either methoxyflurane-nitrous oxide or nitrous oxide alone was used for obstetrical analgesia. Delivery ward personnel were followed by venous blood samples once a week. Analyses of blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, SGOT and SGPT showed significantly elevated levels three days after exposure to methoxyflurane. This study demonstrates the importance of the scavenging of anesthetic gases to reduce the exposure of personnel to inhalational agents used in delivery suites. Since definite alterations in the indices of both hepatic and renal functions were recognized in obstetrical personnel following exposure, a re-evaluation of the use of methoxyflurane for obstetrical analgesia is suggested. PMID- 7218060 TI - Arsine poisoning. AB - A 31-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital because of dark red urine which on examination was found to be due to extracellular hemoglobin. The cause of the hemoglobinuria was exposure to arsine gas from a cylinder thought to be empty. The worker's exposure time was approximately one to two minutes. The degree of hemolytic anemia required only one unit of packed red cells. The patient was hydrated intravenously to avoid acute tubular necrosis. The arsenic content in the urine taken was 0.72 mg/L on the day of admission and dropped to 0.1 mg/L on the fourth day of hospitalization. The patient was discharged eight days after admission, when clinical and hematological status had improved sufficiently. Occupational history revealed that protective procedures employed in the handling of the cylinders containing the arsine gas were inadequate. It was found that the valve on one of the cylinders was half-opened and leaking and that the dust caps, which were attached to the outside of the valves of the cylinders, were present on some and not on others and, where present, had been hand-tightened and not wrench-tightened. Moreover, the cylinders although specified to be empty, were not, according to regulations requiring pressure to be less than 25 pounds gauge or 45 absolute. PMID- 7218061 TI - Use of asbestos-cement pipe. PMID- 7218062 TI - Antimicrobial agents for water-based metalworking fluids. PMID- 7218063 TI - Personal and occupational factors associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - This paper describes a case control study of the personal and environmental factors associated with the onset of carpal tunnel syndrome in workers at an aircraft engine manufacturing company. A comparison of 30 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and 90 matched controls indicated that the use of vibratory hand tools and a history of gynecological surgery, specifically hysterectomy and oophorectomy, were strongly associated with the onset of carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 7218066 TI - Let's offer employees a healthier diet. AB - An imprudent diet is a risk factor contributing to the development of six of the ten major killer diseases in the U.S. This paper suggests measures that business and industry can take to improve the diet of employees. The seven "Dietary Goals for the United States" serve as guidelines. Several programs in business and industry which use consumer education at the point of sale of foods are described. Consumer response has been encouraging. The author suggests that business and industry make available in their cafeterias, as an alternative to conventional menus, foods that are prepared according to the Dietary Goals. The author also suggests that medical departments become actively engaged in nutrition education. PMID- 7218064 TI - "High-cost" employees in an occupational alcoholism program. A preliminary report. AB - In 1975 International Harvester Company established a Health Counseling Program for employees suffering from alcoholism. Eighty-three of 342 employees followed for at least one year were found to account for a major portion of medical and disability costs. These "high-cost" employees were further characterized in this study. PMID- 7218065 TI - Biochemical and hematological evaluation of chloroprene workers. AB - Swedish and Russian investigators have reported a variety of biochemical and hematological alterations in choloroprene-exposed workers. In view of their findings, an evaluation of the biochemical and hematological status of active chloroprene workers at a Du Pont Company plant was undertaken. The distributions of biochemical and hematological values of 336 currently exposed and 227 previously exposed chloroprene workers were compared to those of 283 workers never exposed to chloroprene. The comparative analysis did no indicate or suggest that chloroprene workers have biochemical or hematological alterations, or both, of medical significance. Some of the biochemical and hematological alterations cited by other researchers were investigated in the current study. Of those alterations investigated, none were found among the current cohort of chloroprene exposed workers. PMID- 7218067 TI - Traveler's diarrhea: new concepts. PMID- 7218068 TI - Common cardiac arrhythmias: recognition and treatment. AB - Cardiac arrhythmias are commonly seen in the everyday practice of medicine by the physician. Although certain arrhythmias may be suspected clinically, precise diagnosis is made by electrocardiographic recording of the abnormal rhythm. Once the arrhythmia has been recorded, the next steps are proper electrocardiographic diagnosis and selection of proper treatment. The specific mode of therapy and the speed with which it is delivered will depend not only on the type of arrhythmia, but also on the hemodynamic consequences of the rhythm abnormality on the patient's cardiovascular system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the electrocardiographic criteria of common cardiac arrhythmias as well as current concepts regarding therapy. PMID- 7218069 TI - Gratings: why frequency discrimination is sometimes better than detection. AB - Two models that assume independent processing among frequency-selective analyzers are presented. These are a distance model and an integration model derived from signal-detection theory. The models permit quantitative comparisons between detection and discrimination performance and lead to an empirical comparison that is sensitive to effects of correlated noise and interactions among the responding mechanisms. The stimuli were four pairs of sine-wave gratings that differed in spatial-frequency separation. They were presented to observers in a signal detection rating paradigm, which was used for both detection and discrimination judgments. The results indicate the presence of properties, such as inhibitory interactions or correlated noise among responding mechanisms, that favor discrimination over detection. PMID- 7218070 TI - Rod-cone interaction in the dark-adapted fovea. AB - The foveal cone threshold was significantly lower after 45 min of dark adaptation than it was near the start of the cone plateau of the dark-adaptation curve. A concentric rod background subsequently raised the threshold by an amount correlated wit the difference between the cone plateau and the dark-adapted thresholds. Paradoxically, the rod background also lowered the cone threshold by an amount that differed from subject to subject. This sensitizing effect was identifiable by its relatively small variability across sessions. These results show that adaptation of parafoveal rods by either real light or dark light can change foveal cone thresholds. PMID- 7218071 TI - Spatial bandwidth of channels for slant estimated from complex gratings. AB - Vertical sinusoidal gratings of slightly differing spatial frequencies presented to each eye lead to the perception of a slanted plane. If a complex pattern is created by presenting two different frequencies to one eye, while the other eye views an increment of one of those frequencies and a decrement of the other, then the stimulus is equivalent to two superimposed vertical planes slanted in opposite directions. Yet the observer generally sees only a single surface at a slant intermediate to the possible extremes. As the relative spatial-frequency content of the two opposing planes is varied, the observed slant is a measure of the strengths of the connecting interactions of the underlying stereomechanisms. From these data the bandwidth of the monocular input channels for the binocular slant mechanism can be estimated and is found to be about two octaves. PMID- 7218072 TI - Mesopic luminous-efficiency functions. AB - In order to establish the luminous-efficiency function for mesopic vision of the standard observer, luminous efficiency functions were measured with the direct heterochromatic brightness-matching method at retinal illuminance in the range of -2-2 log photopic trolands in order to cover the scotopic, mesopic, and photopic conditions. A steady visual field of 10 degrees arc was presented foveally. The functions underwent the usual complicated change from a rod type of luminous efficiency function close to V'(lambda) to a cone function that had a wide and almost double-peaked shape. A simple formula to represent the mesopic luminous efficiency functions was derived in which log sensitivities of scotopic and photopic vision were linearly added after being multiplied by coefficients that were dependent on the luminance level. Saturation functions were also obtained at the various luminance levels for which luminous efficiency was investigated. In spite of a great variation of luminance level, the saturation function remained more or less the same, which indicates that the chromatic channels retain their contributions to the brightness sensation at low retinal illumination. PMID- 7218073 TI - Effect of stimulus size on fusion and vergence. AB - Objective measurements were carried out to determine the effect of stimulus size on fusional and vergence amplitudes. It was shown that increasing the stimulus size to include peripheral retinal regions results in significant increases in horizontal and vertical fusional amplitudes. This increase is realized by proportionate increases in both motor (vergence) and nonmotor components. PMID- 7218074 TI - Sensitivity to spatiotemporal combined luminance and chromaticity contrast. AB - Contrast-detection thresholds for various combinations of chromaticity and luminance differences were obtained for spatiotemporal square-wave modulation of a yellow field. The results are expressed in terms of excitation of the Vos Walraven R,G primaries. For every spatiotemporal frequency the thresholds can be approximated by an ellipse in the red-green plane. Large variations were found in the orientation, magnitude, and eccentricity of the discrimination ellipses. It seems that a simple threshold function appears to be sufficient to describe the experimental data. Although the eye does not perceive hue contrast for high spatial frequencies, its sensitivity is not governed mainly by summation of the red and green channels. PMID- 7218075 TI - Binocular flicker appears faster than monocular flicker. AB - Observers adjusted the frequency of an auditory click to match the apparent flicker rate of a sinusoidally modulated visual display. Matches made for binocularly viewed flicker were nearly twice those for monocularly viewed flicker but only at high rates of temporal modulation. PMID- 7218076 TI - An overview of high-risk pregnancy. PMID- 7218078 TI - Rehabilitation following hand injury. PMID- 7218079 TI - Cerebral stroke in hospitals in Oslo. A prevalence study. PMID- 7218080 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown etiology. PMID- 7218077 TI - Exercise testing 10-20 days following acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7218081 TI - A five year follow-up study of thirty-five hospitalized drug addicts with a high incidence of psychosis. PMID- 7218082 TI - Description and evaluation of group psychotherapy with 10 long stay patients. Follow-up after 10 years. PMID- 7218083 TI - Couples and multifamily groups. Therapeutic and administrative viewpoints. PMID- 7218084 TI - Surgical treatment of acute and chronic left ventricular aneurysms. PMID- 7218085 TI - Combined treatment with estriol and alpha-adrenergic stimulation in elderly female patients with urinary incontinence. A pilot study. PMID- 7218086 TI - [Drug absorption through the respiratory mucosa]. PMID- 7218088 TI - [Studies on oxygen tension of perilymph (part 2) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218087 TI - [An experimental study on the repair of the traumatic tracheal stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218089 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on horizontal head shaking after nystagmus test. (HSAN test) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218090 TI - [Reconstruction with myocutaneous flap after partial resection of lingual carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218091 TI - [Sternomastoid myocutaneous and osteomyocutaneous flaps (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218092 TI - [Effect of kanamycin upon the pattern of electrocochleography in the rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218093 TI - The emergence of Schistosoma japonicum cercariae from Oncomelania quadrasi. AB - The release of Schistosoma japonicum cercariae from Leytean Oncomelania quadrasi snails was observed under laboratory conditions. Two patterns of emergence were noted. The initial, nonperiodic emergence occurred immediately after submerging the snails in water and was followed by a periodic, diurnal emergence which peaked in the afternoon. The daily cercarial output of the periodic emergence appeared to be affected by exogenous light intensity. Furthermore, there was a cessation or reduction in cercarial output every 3rd or 4th day. PMID- 7218094 TI - In vitro pairing of Echinostoma revolutum (trematoda) metacercariae and adults, and characterization of worm products involved in chemoattraction. AB - In vitro pairing studies were done on chemically excysted metacercariae and on adults of Echinostoma revolutum maintained in vitro in agar-Locke's petri dish cultures at 39 +/- 1 C for up to 24 hr. Whereas newly excysted metacercariae did not pair, both immature and mature adults showed significant pairing. Adult echinostomes confined in dialysis sacs emitted excretory-secretory (EC) products which significantly attracted single echinostome adults in vitro. Only the lipophilic fraction of ES products was found to elicit attraction. Preparative TLC analysis of adult echinostomes produced three major bands as follows: I (phospholipids); II (free sterols); and III (free fatty acids + triglycerides). When tested in vitro, only the free sterol fraction significantly attracted single adult echinostomes. TLC and GLC analyses of free sterols of E. revolutum have indicated that cholesterol is the major free sterol. PMID- 7218095 TI - Myxobolus microcystus sp. N. (Protozoa: Myxosporida) from the gills of Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede 1802) in southern Illinois. AB - Myxobolus microcystus sp. n. is described from the gills of the largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Mean spore dimensions (in micrometers) are as follows: spore length 12.5; spore width 7.5; spore thickness 5.5; polar capsule length 6.5; polar capsule width 2.5; extended length of polar filaments 21 to 37; polar filaments with 6 to 7 coils. In histological sections, hyperplasia of infected filaments, atrophy of lamellae, partial occlusion of the efferent artery, and reduction in the number of peripheral goblet cells were observed. PMID- 7218096 TI - Trypanosoma magdalenae sp. n (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) from a freshwater teleost, Petenia kraussii, in Colombia. AB - A new, monomorphic trypanosome, Trypanosoma magdalenae sp. n. was found in five of 38 fish, Petenia kraussii, from the Rio Magdalena in Colombia, South America. It is the first trypanosome species designated from freshwater teleosts in Colombia. The trypomastigotes measured in 42.4 micron +/- 2.05 SD (range, 39.8 - 45.6) by 2.1 micron +/- 0.20 (2.0 - 2.5). Their nuclear index was 1.6 micron +/- 0.22 (1.25 - 1.84) and their kinetoplastic index equaled 1.1 micron +/- 0.02 (1.08 - 1.15). Infection intensity was usually limited to two or three flagellates per 40 microliter of packed blood cells. PMID- 7218097 TI - Uncinaria hydromyidis sp, n (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) from the Australian water rat, Hydromys chrysogaster. PMID- 7218098 TI - Parasites of the lesser one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest). PMID- 7218100 TI - Echinobothrium bonasum sp. n., a new cestode from the cownose ray, rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill 1815), in the western North Atlantic. AB - Echinobothrium bonasum sp. n. is described from the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill), taken in Atlantic coastal waters of Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, and off Sakonnet Point, Rhode Island. This species can be distinguished from all others by the following combination of characters: 14 hooklets armature of 11 large hooks, six in the anterior row and five in the posterior row, flanked by 12 to 14 hooklets per side; 24 to 25 spines per row on the cephalic peduncle; 24 to 31 testes per segment, and, wide vitelline bands that overlap the testicular field. PMID- 7218099 TI - Metathelazia naghiensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Pneumospiruridae) from the long-nosed bandicoot, Perameles nasuta (Marsupialia). PMID- 7218101 TI - Fessisentis tichiganensis sp. nov. (Acanthocephala: Fessisentidae) from Wisconsin fishes, with a key to species. AB - Fessisentis tichiganensis sp. nov. is described on the basis of 16 male and 24 female worms recovered from 11 species of fish of seven families in Tichigan Lake, southeastern Wisconsin, between 1977 and 1979. Specimens were most frequently encountered during the spring; the only two gravid females were recovered from Umbra limi, in early June. The same fish also serves as a transport host. A key separating F. tichiganensis from the four other known species in North America is presented. The new species most closely resembles F. friedi Nickol 1972 (= F. vancleavei haley and Bullock 1953), but can be separated from it by its longer proboscis which is armed with markedly more hooks per row, among other characteristics. Additional, new morphological observations are also reported. PMID- 7218102 TI - Cultivation of dyskinetoplastic Trypanosoma brucei. PMID- 7218104 TI - Nucleosomal organization of chromatin in Plasmodium knowlesi. PMID- 7218103 TI - The effect of lethal, whole-body irradiation of mice on Trypanosoma vivax infection. PMID- 7218105 TI - On the nature of early mortality in murine malaria. PMID- 7218106 TI - Inhibitory effect of oxamniquine on the detachment of the tail of Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 7218107 TI - Existence of replicating sporocysts in the development cycle of Schistosoma haematobium. PMID- 7218108 TI - Dirofilaria immitis in west central Colorado. PMID- 7218109 TI - Immunologically mediated rejection of Hymenolepis diminuta by its normal host, the rat. AB - The adult tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, living in the lumen of the intestine of its normal rat host was shown to sensitize the intestine. The growth of worms in a secondary infection, given 8, 23, or 41 days after the primary infection had been removed by anthelmintic treatment, was 0.5, 3, and 25%, respectively, of that in the control worms. Thus, there is a strong initial resistance to a challenge infection, but this resistance weakens fifty-fold between days 8 and 41 postinfection. Even primary infections of five worms, which would have survived indefinitely if not expelled by anthelmintics, depressed the growth by over 80% of secondary infections given 8 days later. Rats given a light primary infection manifested their sensitivity only by depressing the growth of challenge worms, but in strongly sensitized rats, worm growth was stunted severely (or the worms destrobilated), partial worm expulsion occurred, and the remaining worms migrated to a more anterior position in the intestine. We suggest that the rapid waning of memory indicates that the protective mechanism evoked in the intestine has as its primary biological function the limitation of the number of worms that can accumulate in the intestine in concurrent infections, not the prevention of reinfection after the loss of worms from previous infections. PMID- 7218110 TI - Octomacrum microconfibula (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) from a British Columbia lake. PMID- 7218111 TI - Argulus maculosus (Wilson) from the pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus). PMID- 7218112 TI - The in vitro uptake of 14C-praziquantel by cestodes, trematodes, and a nematode. AB - 14C-praziquantel was rapidly taken up by Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Hymenolepis nana, and isolated strobilocerci of Taenia taeniaeformis. Schistosoma mansoni lost praziquantel rapidly to drug-free medium. Chromatography of extracts prepared after incubation of S. mansoni and H. nana yielded no indication that praziquantel was metabolized. Autoradiography revealed a uniform distribution of praziquantel throughout the tissues of S. mansoni and H. nana. Uptake was considerably slower in the nematode Heterakis spumosa and apparently via the oral route. PMID- 7218113 TI - The effect of arprinocid on the reproductive potential of a field isolate of Eimeria tenella. AB - Oocyst production by an isolate of Eimeria tenella propagated from birds medicated with 50 ppm arprinocid was compared with that of the same isolate propagated from unmedicated birds. Statistically significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in oocyst production were found for the drug-exposed isolate for inocula levels of 64 and 250 sporulated oocysts per bird. Numerical reductions were observed for inocula levels of 1,000 oocysts per bird, but with higher levels of inocula, no differences were seen. Inhibitory drug effects for the inocula levels of 64 and 250 oocysts per bird appear to be meaningful because they coincide with the maximum reproductive potential (oocysts produced per oocyst inoculated). The results indicated that significant information can be masked by excessive inoculum with consequent crowding and reduction in reproductive potential. PMID- 7218114 TI - A comparison of the anthelmintic effects of oxfendazole and oxibendazole on Trichinella spiralis in mice. AB - Oxfendazole was shown to be a very potent agent in killing Trichinella spiralis. A single dose of 1.6 mg/kg per os killed 99% of preadults. Adults were much more resistant; 25 mg/kg killed 56%, even 3,200 mg/kg only killed 94%. Developing and encysted muscle larvae were also killed; 7 X 50 mg/kg killed 99% and 98%, respectively. Oxibendazole was less effective. 6.25 mg/kg killed 99% of preadults, and 3,200 mg/kg killed only 69% of adults. Although oxibendazole also killed developing and encysted muscle larvae, much higher dosages were required; 7 X 200 mg/kg killed 99% of developing larvae and 82% of encysted larvae. PMID- 7218115 TI - Chemoprophylactic activity of flubendazole against adult Brugia pahangi transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of jirds. AB - Jirds were treated by the subcutaneous injection of 100 mg flubendazole per kilogram. They were infected subsequently by the implantation of adult Brugia pahangi intraperitoneally at different times. No adult worms survived in jirds treated 9 wk before infection. Thereafter, increasing numbers of adult worms survived so tht by 21 wk there were almost as many worms in the treated jirds as in untreated controls. PMID- 7218116 TI - A comparison of the effect of albendazole, cambendazole, and thiabendazole on the larval development of three hymenolepidid cestodes. AB - Flour beetles (Tribolium confusum) parasitized either by Hymenolepis diminuta, H. nana, or H. microstoma were fed continuously on flour mixed either with thiabendazole, cambendazole, or albendazole (drug concentration was always 10%) from day 1 (24 hr) to day 10 postinfection when the experiments were terminated. All drugs markedly inhibited the development of H. diminuta and H. nana. Populations of these species recovered from beetles fed anthelmintics were composed mostly of under-developed forms, many of which still retained the size and appearance of newly hatched oncospheres, whereas all the parasites recovered from the control beetles (fed only flour) reached full development. Parasites inhibited by cambendazole and albendazole recovered and reached full development within 9 days after treatment was terminated. Also, results were obtained which implied that some parasites were able to continue their development at a reduced rate in the presence of the drugs. Hymenolepis microstoma differed from the other species in its response to the drugs. Albendazole and thiabendazole had no effect on its development and it was only slightly inhibited by cambendazole. Larvae recovered from beetles fed the latter drug had all developed beyond the oncosphere stage but 3 to 5% of them repeatedly failed to reach full development. The drugs varied in their effects on the flour beetles. An average of 63% and 33% of those fed thiabendazole and cambendazole, respectively, died before the 10th day of infection. Albendazole, on the other hand, had no effect on beetle survival. PMID- 7218117 TI - Freeze-fracture study of the plasma membrane of Leishmania mexican amazonensis. AB - The fine structure of the plasma membrane of promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis was studied by freeze-fracture techniques. Measurement of the number of intramembranous particles per square micrometer of membrane area revealed a particle density of 2,040 +/- 213/micron2 on the P-face and 890 +/- 186/micron2 on the E-face. The particle density of the flagellar membrane was 448 +/- 53/micron2. Clusters of intramembranous particles were seen on the flagellar membrane at the region of adhesion between the flagellum and the cell body. Aggregation of particles was observed in both P- and E-faces of the plasma membrane of some cells. PMID- 7218118 TI - Ultrastructure of the epimastigotes of the fish trypanosome Trypanosoma cobitis Mitrophanow 1883, in the crop of the leech vector, Hemiclepsis marginata. AB - The ultrastructure of the epimastigote of Trypanosoma cobitis in the crop of the leech vector Hemiclepsis marginata is described. Microorganisms, closely resembling endosymbiotic bacteria, seen in monoxenous trypanosomatids, were present in the cytoplasm. Also, within the cytoplasm were ribosomes, sparse endoplasmic reticulum, a Golgi apparatus, and a wide variety of other inclusions, in particular multivesiculate bodies which appeared to contain waste material. The well-developed branched mitrochondrion had platelike cristae and an expansion near the nucleus which contained the kinetoplast DNA. A cytostomal opening situated near the flagellar pocket leads to a cytopharynx surrounded by five microtubules. PMID- 7218119 TI - Histochemical observations on melanin in the intestinal ceca of Amblosoma suwaense (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) metacercariae. PMID- 7218120 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae during development from metacercaria to adult. AB - Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the tegument of Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae metacercariae was marked with interconnected longitudinal and transverse ridges. Alteration of the ridges began within 1 hr after implantation into the chick coelom. Ridges were completely lost by the 4th hr, leaving a smooth tegument. Body shape altered from that of a tapered metacercaria to a plump, rounded adult within 3 days, and was accompanied by doubling of the acetabular diameter. Papillae, present in both the metacercaria and adult, were located on the suckers, genital orifice, and body surface. The microtopography of the tegument consisted of knoblike protuberances that gave the surface a cobblestonelike appearance. Tegumental knobs in te vicinity of the genital pore contained minute, rounded inclusions. PMID- 7218121 TI - Morphogenesis of the proboscis hooks of an archiacanthocephalan, Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser 1811) Travassos 1915. AB - Proboscis hooks of Moniliformis moniliformis were noted first as small protrusions on developing proboscides of 20- to 28-day-old acanthellae from hemocoels of experimentally infected cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). On the basis of proximity, residual connecting strands of tissue, and ultrastructural similarity, origin of the hooks has been determined to be from primordial muscle tissue. During development, primordial proboscis hooks extended into hypodermal tissue, but remained separated by the basement membrane and a characteristic space. Within this space, under the curvature of the hook, fibrous material began to accumulate at about 38 days during development. The fibrous material appeared to be produced at the distal end of the primordial hook as evidenced by the appearance of organelles in that area, and the compact, parallel nature of fibrous material immediately adjacent. Upon completion of development, the proboscis hook of the 46- to 54-day-old acanthella was observed to consist of a central core of parallel fibrous material, an outer layer of crisscrossed fibers, and a thin covering of hypodermis and cuticle. PMID- 7218122 TI - Lectin used in the purification process of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. AB - Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were purified from mouse peritoneal exudates using lectins to remove the host cells. Best results were obtained with phytohemagglutinin P at a concentration of 0.01% (W/V), which provided a 99.7% pure Toxoplasma suspension. The process was reproducible and easy to perform. Toxoplasmas so obtained were infective and served as sources of high quality antigens for immunofluorescence, hemagglutination, and complement fixation tests. PMID- 7218123 TI - Infection and transmission studies with Plasmodium gonderi in the Macaca mulatta monkey. AB - Eight different anophelines--Anopheles freeborni, An. maculatus, An. dirus, An. stephensi, An. atroparvus, An. sundaicus, An. quadrimaculatus, and An. albimanus- were shown to be susceptible to infection with a strain of Plasmodium gonderi from the drill. Mandrillus leucophaeus. Transmission was obtained via the bites of An. freeborni, An. maculatus, An. stephensi, and An. dirus mosquitoes to Macaca mulatta. Prepatent periods in Macaca mulatta monkeys following sporozoite inoculation ranged from 7 to 15 days with a median of 12.5 days. Relapses from fixed-tissue stages following treatment with chloroquine or quinine sulfate were not demonstrated. PMID- 7218124 TI - Bilirubin and protein concentration in cord blood after spontaneous versus induced labor. Correlation to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 7218125 TI - Endoscopical determination of umbilical cord complications in labor. PMID- 7218127 TI - Stimulus attributes of Rorschach Space responses. AB - Data from the group-administered Rorschach for 77 medical students showed that subjects who gave space responses on cards other than Card IX are more likely than non-space-respondents to respond to the faintly colored center Card IX regions. Results suggested that the total absence of color and shading may not be an essential space response score criterion. PMID- 7218126 TI - The accuracy of ultrasonic fetal cardiography. AB - The present work investigated the accuracy of ultrasound cardiography (uFCG) in registering the fetal heart rate variability. Five patients in early labour were studied. Two cardiotocographs (HP 8030A) were simultaneously recording uFCG and direct fetal electrocardiography (dFECG). The information was stored in an analogue FM tape recorder for further data processing. The number of beats registered by the two methods were counted, and the time intervals between the beats were calculated. The short term variability (STV) and the long term variability (LTV) were investigated according to the definitions of DE HAAN [3]. To get an acceptable correlation coefficient in STV of 0.78, a difference as high as 5 beats per minute (bpm) between the two registrations had to be allowed. For LTV, a correlation coefficient of 0.70 was reached at a difference of 2 bpm. The results of the study show that the uFCG can hardly be used in interpretation of the STV. As the visual examination of the cardiotocograms reflects the LTV rather than the STV [7, 9], the uFCG can be used for interpretation of LTV provided that "jitter" is absent on the tracing. PMID- 7218128 TI - Rorschach aggressive content in normal and problematic children. AB - Rorschach aggressive content was examined in 42 children who had been referred for psychological evaluations and 42 children who were considered well-adjusted. The two groups did not differ on two standard, global indices of aggressive content, but they did differ with respect to various specific kinds of aggressive imagery. In particular, the normal children more frequently focused on aggression in the context of direct interactions--fights--whereas the problematic children talked as if the figures were at the mercy of unknown or unreal attackers. PMID- 7218129 TI - An MMPI typology of male alcoholics: admission, discharge and outcome comparisons. AB - The admission MMPI profiles of approximately half of 337 male alcoholics treated at the Hazelden Foundation (Center City, Minnesota) were classifiable into four groups: neurotic, classic alcoholic, psychopathic, and psychotic. The discharge MMPI profiles of the neurotic, classic, and psychotic types showed foreshortening but maintained their basic configurations. The psychopathic type's discharge MMPI profile showed no major change either in elevation or shape. Several biodemographic and treatment outcome differences were found among the four profile types. PMID- 7218130 TI - Assessment of conceptual tempo in the type A (coronary prone) behavior pattern. AB - Previous research has documented an association between a particular behavioral complex termed Type A, and increased incidence of coronary heart disease. In an effort to define further some of the behavioral characteristics that distinguish Type A subjects from their noncoronary-prone (Type B) counterparts, subjects were administered a test of conceptual impulsivity-reflection. While there were clear sex differences in performance, the results of the present study offered only qualified support for the notion that Type A individuals are more impulsive than Type B individuals. One component of Type A, Speed and Impatience, was shown to be related to increased impulsivity in women, but not in men. The findings suggest the importance of considering the interaction of gender with behavioral subcomponents of the Type A behavior pattern. PMID- 7218134 TI - Rorschach simulation of mental illness and normality by psychotic and nonpsychotic legal offenders. AB - The ability of subjects, within four diagnostic classifications, to alter Rorschach responses as a result of varied instructions was investigated. Forty eight prison inmates at the Utah State Prison and the Forensic Unit at the Utah State Hospital were selected on the basis of their being in one of four diagnostic groups: (a) nonschizophrenic, (b) latent schizophrenic, (c) residual schizophrenic, (d) schizophrenic-psychotic. Subjects were administered the Rorschach twice, once with the instruction to respond as if they were normal and well-adjusted, and once with the instruction to respond as if they were seriously mentally ill or psychotic. A counter-balanced design was used. The variables and ratios ep, bl, P, IC, and dramatic responses were changed as a result of instructions. In addition, there were significant differences on 21 of 48 variables within the four diagnostic groups. An independent judge accurately differentiated protocols according to instructions and diagnostic groups. When subjects were simulating normality, more popular responses were given. When mental illness was simulated, there were more dramatic responses including the use of blood, mutilation, and hatred. Finally, it should be noted that the different diagnostic groups accounted for many more significant findings than did the varied instructions, reaffirming the discriminative ability of the Rorschach irrespective of instructions. PMID- 7218131 TI - Sibling incest aversion as an index of oedipal conflict. AB - This study examines sibling incest aversion as an index of the Oedipus complex. The scale's construction and its relation to presence of opposite sex siblings, guilt, and neuroticism is described. Males displayed less aversion and more variability in incest aversion than did females. There was a positive relation between aversion and having an opposite sex sibling for males, but not for females. For both sexes there was a positive relation between sex guilt and aversion. Compared to high or low incest aversion females, middle females displayed a mild obsessive-compulsive pattern, higher hostility guilt, more neurotic complaints, less extraversion and more sensitization. The high reliability and significant relations with relevant variables demonstrate the usefulness of this scale. PMID- 7218132 TI - The relationships of two measures of perceived control to depression. AB - Investigated the general hypothesis that assessment of control perceptions as a factor in depression should involve measurement of both generalized expectancies and currently experienced control. Sixty-two college students completed the Rotter I-E scale, the Tiffany Experienced Control Scale (E-C) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results indicated that the E-C dimensions of experienced control over internal (OI) and over external (OE) forces interacted with I-E scores in predicting depression. In each case, internals with high experienced control reported less depression than low control internals and both high and low control externals. Implications for use of I-E and E-C scores in planning and evaluating treatment of depressives are discussed, and suggestions for future research on the utility of the E-C scale are presented. PMID- 7218133 TI - Further validation of the social interest index with male alcoholics. AB - The relationships between the Social Interest Index (SH) and other variables were explored in two studies of male alcoholics. The SH correlated positively with Achievement, Dominance, and Intraception of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule and negatively with Abasement and Succorance. The SH failed to correlate positively with Affiliation and Nurturance and unexpectedly correlated negatively with Autonomy. The SH was also found to relate positively to Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) measures of inner-directedness, present-field time orientation, mental health, self-significance, and interpersonal contact, present-field time orientation, mental health, self-significance, and interpersonal contact. The SH was positively related to Edwards (1957) Revised Social Desirability Scale (So R), and most partial correlations for the SH and the POH measures were significant with So-R controlled. Overall, the SH scores were not significantly related to age, marital status, and socioeconomic status but positively related to educational level. The implications of the results were discussed. PMID- 7218135 TI - TAT measures of gender identity (castration anxiety) in father-absent males. AB - DAT stories of 28 father-absent (FA) and 103 father-present (FP) college males were coded for castration anxiety. Relying on Stoller's (1974) use of castration anxiety (CA) as an index of core male gender identity, it was predicted that FA males would have less secure gender identity and higher CA than FP males. The FP subjects were grouped into three subgroups according to ratings of the quality of father-son interaction (positive, neutral and negative). Social class, age, SAT scores and story-length did not discriminate between FAs and FPs. FAs were significantly higher in CA, but there were no significant differences between the three FP subgroups. Age at father-loss did not affect CA, although father-absence through death rather than divorce, separation or desertion was associated with higher CA. Presence of a stepfather, other significant older male, sibling sex or birth-order did not affect CA level of FAs. PMID- 7218136 TI - Comparison of MMPI and Mini-Mult with both psychiatric inpatients and screening nursing students. AB - Evaluated the diagnostic adequacy of the Mini-Mult in a psychiatric population and a presumed normal sample as well as the descriptive accuracy of statements inferred from the Mini-Mult profiles of the patient sample. The Mini-Mult showed significant correlations with the full MMPI for all scales except Hs in a male psychiatric inpatient sample and for all scales except F, Hs and D in a female nursing school applicant sample. Nevertheless, in both samples there are significant mean differences on most scales when the two techniques are compared. For the psychiatric sample in cases where both the Mini-Mult and MMPI give profiles codeable into Marks and Seeman (1963) profile types, the Mini-Mult yields only limited prediction of profile type and descriptive statements. For the student nurse applicant sample, there is good agreement (86%) between the techniques when used only to screen for possible pathology. The Mini-Mult seemed to have some promise in applications involving the screening of presumed normals, but showed little success in predicting diagnostic and descriptive features as inferred from the full MMPI. PMID- 7218138 TI - Type of information, familiarity and the reduction of crowding stress. AB - Two studies focused on the effectiveness of various types of information in different contexts. Two informational foci (i.e., external and internal) were employed, and subjects were either familiar or unfamiliar with a potentially stressful setting. It was assumed that one's degree of familiarity with the context would render different types of concerns more salient and that these would more effectively be met by one type of information than by the other. In the first experiment, it was hypothesized and found that situational information was more effective than emotional information for unfamiliar subjects, whose primary concerns in the setting were external. In contrast, emotional information was effective in reducing stress and facilitating performance for familiar subjects, whose concerns were primarily internal; but situational information was also effective for these individuals. Study 2 was done to explore why situational information was effective in reducing stress for both familiar and unfamiliar individuals. The results indicated that situational information, if accurate, not only can serve a reinforcing "consensual validation" function that addresses people's general concerns about the "reasonableness" of their responses but can also reduce distress. PMID- 7218137 TI - Behavioral observation of children during play therapy: preliminary development of a research instrument. AB - There is a need for a measure of children's playroom behavior to assess areas of functioning relevant to diagnosis, therapy process, and outcome, as discussed in clinical literature. This study concerned the development of a Play Therapy Observational Instrument designed to meet criteria specified as necessary for such a measure. Two nonclinicians were trained in the observation and scoring of 31 child behaviors. The observations were made on video tapes and transcripts of ongoing play therapy sessions. Results indicated that 13 of the behaviors were scored with a high level of interjudge reliability. These reliable scores formed three statistically valid and theoretically meaningful subscales: emotional discomfort, use of fantasy play as a coping method, and the quality of the child's interaction with the therapist. Children's scale scores were sufficiently stable within sessions and across two therapy sessions to indicate that they reflected individual differences. Relationships between scales were assessed and discussed in the light of theoretical controversies. Implications for future research were discussed. PMID- 7218139 TI - A comparison of two latent variable causal models for adolescent drug use. AB - The competing simplex (involvement) and common factor models for youthful drug use are statistically compared using causal modeling with latent variables methods in a sample of 1,634 young adolescents. Latent variables of alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use were confirmed and causally interconnected in a set of states. The confirmatory factor and the simplex stage models were found to be acceptable representations of the observed data according to both statistical and psychometric criteria. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for theories of emerging lifestyles including drug use, methodology, and policy about psychoactive substances. PMID- 7218140 TI - [Administration of antigen to digestive tract and formation of antibodies in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218141 TI - [Metabolism of gamma-oryzanol in rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218142 TI - [Studies on immunological assay of urinary estrogens. I. Preparation and immunological properties of antisera and determination of urinary estrogens by radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218143 TI - [Studies on immunological assay of urinary estrogens. II. A simple and rapid hemagglutination inhibition reaction method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218144 TI - [Enzymochemical studies on snake venoms. VIII. Purification and properties of arginine ester hydrolase (ME-1) which possesses capillary permeability increasing activity in the venom of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218145 TI - [N,O-diacetyl-p-aminophenol formation by combined use of aspirin with phenacetin and acetaminophen in vivo (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218147 TI - [High-speed liquid chromatographic analysis of drugs. XIII. Determination of daidzin in Puerariae Radix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218146 TI - [Photo-stability of aqueous aminophylline solutions under oxygen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218150 TI - [Studies on fungal products. V. Antimicrobial aspects of quinone derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218149 TI - [Effect of temperature on adhesive and compaction properties of some organic powders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218148 TI - [Inclusion complexation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters with alpha- and beta cyclodextrins: dissolution behaviors and antimicrobial activities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218151 TI - [Enhanced bioavailability of acetohexamide by beta-cyclodextrin complexation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218152 TI - [Changes in the crocin and geniposide contents in the developing fruits of Gardenia jasminoides forma grandiflora (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218153 TI - [Fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of ketosteroids in biological fluids using dansyl hydrazine: application to clinical analysis]. PMID- 7218154 TI - [In vitro studies on species differences in befunolol-metabolizing activities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218155 TI - [Effect of sodium copper chlorophyllin on lipid peroxidation. IV. The antioxidative action of copper chlorins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218156 TI - [Studies on benzhydryl derivatives. II. Synthesis and bioactivity on N,N dialkylglycylbenzhydrylamides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218157 TI - [Comparative evaluation of coloration of photosensitive solid drugs under various light sources (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218158 TI - [High-speed liquid chromatographic analysis of drugs. XII. Determination of paeoniflorin in pharmaceutical preparations including paeony root (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218159 TI - [Metabolic fate of a new analgesics l-1,4-dimethyl-10-hydroxy-2,3,4,5,6,7 hexahydro-1,6-methano-1H-4-benzazonine hydrobromide (l-ST-2121). III.) Absorption, excretion and metabolism in mouse rat, rabbit, dog, monkey and man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218160 TI - [Protective effect of endogenous catecholamine depletion against hypoxic and reoxygenation damage in isolated rat heart: an ultrastructural study (author's transl)]. AB - Using isolated, Langendorff-perfused rat hearts, we studied in the left ventricular wall myocardial ultrastructural modifications appearing under conditions of severe hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation. Hypoxia was produced by gassing perfusate with nitrogen (aortic oxygen partial pressure less than 8 mmHg). The purpose of the present work was to evaluate whether or not endogenous catecholamines might be involved in the development of hypoxia-induced tissue damage isolated heart. Therefore, severe hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation was studied using hearts isolated from (a) normal untreated rats, and (b) from rats in which endogenous catecholamine levels have been reduced to about 15% of control values by reserpine (2 I.P. injections: 1.5 mg/kg 48 hours, and 5 mg/kg 24 hours prior to the excision of the heart). Hearts were fixed by glutaraldehyde perfusion either after 10 min of control equilibration perfusion (with oxygen and glucose), or after 100 min hypoxia (nitrogen, glucose-free, high potassium), or after hypoxia plus reoxygenation (oxygen, substrate-free, high potassium). After fixation, dehydration, embedding in araldite, 6-8 blocks per heart were sectioned; the sections were doubly stained and examined under the electron microscope. 1. Control hearts perfused for a 10 min equilibration period exhibited well preserved and normal ultrastructure (Fig. 1). This observation indicated that our experimental conditions of perfusion were able to maintain the ultrastructural integrity of the myocardium satisfactorily, and that the fixation procedure used was correct. After severe hypoxia without substrate, untreated hearts exhibited ultrastructural alterations, the degree of which was consistently and severely increased by reoxygenation (Figs. 2 and 3). 2. In reserpine pretreated hearts, in which we observed a marked increase in the number of glycogen granules (Fig. 4), hypoxia did not induce morphological alterations. Even after 100 min hypoxia, some glycogen granules were still visible (Fig. 5). Furthermore, myocardial ultrastructure was not altered by reoxygenation (Fig. 6). It is proposed that in reserpine pretreated hearts, anaerobic metabolism of glycogen may be sufficient to sustain enough glycolytic ATP production during 100 min of oxygen deprivation. Such a preservation of myocardial high-energy phosphates could help myocardial cells to maintain their structural integrity. These results are discussed in connection with those of a previous biochemical study of reserpine's protective action in hypoxic isolated rat hearts. PMID- 7218162 TI - [Angiographic frame-by-frame computerized evaluation of overall and regional left ventricular wall motion (author's transl)]. AB - This paper describes a semi-automated quantitative method to evaluate left ventricular overall and regional wall motion. Left ventricular (LV) outlines are digitized on a frame-by-frame basis using a sonic graf/pen interfaced with a 9845 HP minicomputer. A high fidelity simultaneous LV pressure recording is also digitized. The overall myocardial pump and muscle function are expressed by the projections of the pressure-volume-flow and of the mid-wall equatorial stress length-velocity relationships. The dynamic regional wall motion is quantitated using a radial coordinate method. The centers of mass of serial frames are superimposed, and the apical anti-clockwise rotation is corrected. The regional wall motion (RWM) and the rate of change of the RWM are calculated with this method, and the results plotted as a single hard copy output. This method permits evaluation of the effect of segmental wall dysfunction on total cardiac performance during different portions of the cardiac cycle. The relationships between the time course of LV pressure and stress and the dynamic RWM can also be studied in subjects with segmental contraction abnormalities. PMID- 7218161 TI - [Release of noradrenaline and ventricular arrhythmias in the isolated perfused working rat heart in the presence of fatty acids. Effect of coronary artery occlusion and re-perfusion (author's transl)]. AB - After an initial perfusion using the Langendorff technique, rat hearts were perfused through the left atrium according to the working heart technique. Hearts were preloaded with l noradrenaline 3H (3H-NA) and the release of radioactivity and 3H-NA in the coronary effluent was evaluated. Coronary flow, cardiac output, myocardial oxygen consumption and the electrocardiogram were simultaneously recorded. The perfusion medium consisted of a modified Krebs Henseleit solution containing 3 mM potassium and 0.5 mM sodium palmitate complexed with serum albumin in a molar ratio of 6/1. 1. The addition of palmitate to the perfusion fluid during the Langendorff perfusion produced increases in coronary flow and oxygen consumption, but the release of 3H-NA was not significantly modified, and no irregularities in ventricular concentration were observed. Likewise, the working of the heart did not alter the rate of 3H-NA release. 2. Ischemia was induced on the working heart by left coronary artery ligation for 15 min. It resulted in a reduction in coronary flow and in a similar decrease in the rate of release of 3H-NA. During the first minutes of the occlusion period, there was a slight increase in the incidence of ventricular extrasystoles, but ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation were never encountered. 3. Re-perfusion was accompanied by the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in all the hearts. These arrhythmias were almost uninterrupted during the first 3 min of re-perfusion, and lasted to a lesser extent up to the 9th minute. Re-perfusion resulted in a sudden release of 3H-NA which was multiplied by a factor 4 during the first 2 min, and then decreased progressively. 4. These results suggest that a release of NA from the myocardial ischemic zones plays a role in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias following reperfusion. PMID- 7218164 TI - Symposium on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Grenoble, September 17th, 1979. PMID- 7218163 TI - [Aortic pressure and velocity signals processing: application to human aorta characterization (author's transl)]. AB - The input to and characteristic impedances of the ascending aorta and the mean, pulsatile and maximum hydraulic powers generated by the left ventricle have been determined in 16 patients by simultaneous measurements of aortic pressure (by miniature transducer), velocity (by electromagnetic probe) and diameter (by cineangiography). Eight patients had normal blood pressure and eight were hypertensive. Harmonics of pressure and flow were calculated by processing the signals for 40 cycles, taking into account the frequency response of the velocity probe (Figs. 1 and 2). 1. The invariance of input impedance with heart frequency confirms the linearity of the arterial system under resting conditions (Fig. 3). 2. The characteristic impedances calculated by averaging the input impedance modulus above 2 Hz (Fig. 5) and from cineangiography are in good agreement for normotensive patients but discrepancies arise for hypertensive patients (Fig. 4). 3. Comparison of input impedance spectra (Fig. 6) reveals that in hypertensive patients the point of minimum modulus and zero phase is shifted towards higher frequencies while the characteristic impedance is higher. 4. The hydraulic power generated by the left ventricle is higher for hypertensive patients (Table I) and the increase in pulsatile power is almost entirely due to the increase in pressure harmonics (Figs. 7 and 8). These results suggest that the aorta plays an important role in left ventricular performance and that it may be characterized by its input impedance spectrum. PMID- 7218165 TI - Post ischemic reperfusion and anoxic perfusion in the isolated heart: alteration in distribution of radionuclides and in protein synthesis. AB - 1. Reperfusion after ischemia and perfusion with total anoxia were studied in the isolated guinea pig heart model which permits right ventricular loading and constant coronary perfusion. Deprivation of oxygen in both situations resulted in a marked shift of circulation from the left to the right ventricle with markedly increased spaces of distribution of 99mTc radionuclides and albumin in the latter. 2. In view of the complexities of measuring protein synthesis during ischemia, continuous anoxic perfusion was used to evaluate this parameter in anoxic induced arrest. There was a profound fall in protein synthesis associated with this arrest, accompanied by a fall in ATP, creating phosphate, glycogen, potassium, and a rise in lactate production. The fall in protein synthesis was more marked in the left ventricle, despite the absence of work while it was still beating. 3. The changes in synthesis were almost completely prevented by initiating cardiac arrest with high K+ (16 meq/l) at the same time as anoxia; energy metabolism remained near normal, and recovery of contractility was nearly complete. 4. The studies demonstrated the differences in vascular distribution between the ventricles after ischemia or with perfusion anoxia, the possible difference in availability of substrate to the two ventricles under these conditions, as well as the difference in protein synthetic response, and further support the protective effect of potassium induced arrest on the hypoxic heart. PMID- 7218167 TI - Role of glycolysis in maintenance of the action potential duration and contractile activity in isolated perfused rat heart. AB - 1. Changing substrates from glucose to pyruvate in paced isolated rat hearts, perfused by the Langendorff technique at 65 cm H2O with a Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer, produced effects which are opposite to those of ouabain treatment: negative inotropy, decreased work efficiency, hyperpolarization, increased maximum rate of rise and amplitude of the action potential, increased conduction velocity. 2. All the effects resulting from perfusion with pyruvate can be reversed by adding ouabain at a concentration of 100 microM. 3. The correlation between various tissue metabolises and change in contractile force (delta F), rate of tension development [maximum + (dF/dt)] and rate of relaxation [maximum -(dF/dt)] was studied by multiple linear regression. No significant correlation was found with either glycogen content and tissue lactate or with cAMP and cGMP. A weak negative correlation was found with ATP and phosphocreatine. The strongest correlation was found 76 to 807 nM/g in passing from glucose- to pyruvate-containing perfusion solution. 4. In vitro tests performed with a solution containing high energy phosphates and magnesium at concentrations equal to their calculated values in the cytosol (pH 7.0) showed that a significant negative correlation exists between citrate concentration (range: 1 and 1500 M) and free calcium concentration in the micromole range. 5. It is concluded that the effects of pyruvate (non glucose substrate) perfusion could be mediated by a decrease in cytosolic-free calcium resulting from an increase in intracellular citrate. The observation that all these effects can be reversed by ouabain is taken as a circumstantial evidence of a common mechanism. PMID- 7218168 TI - A clinicopathological analysis of 270 ovarian tumours. PMID- 7218166 TI - Electrophysiological, metabolic and morphological aspects of acute myocardial ischemia in the isolated in the isolated porcine heart. Characterization of the "border zone". PMID- 7218169 TI - LDH-isoenzymes and HBsAg. PMID- 7218171 TI - Mortality associated with medical termination of pregnancy. PMID- 7218170 TI - Finney's pyloroplasty in chronic pyloric obstruction. PMID- 7218173 TI - Streeter's dysplasia. PMID- 7218172 TI - Chlorpropamide induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. PMID- 7218174 TI - An unusual presentation of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. PMID- 7218176 TI - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (a case report). PMID- 7218175 TI - Hand Schuller Christian disease. PMID- 7218177 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of hydrocele sac (a case report). PMID- 7218178 TI - Tonsillar pseudosarcoma. PMID- 7218179 TI - Wilson's disease (a case report). PMID- 7218180 TI - Hot nodules of the thyroid. PMID- 7218181 TI - Method for coding data on protozoan strains for computers. AB - Traditionally, observations on the nature of protozoa have been published in periodicals or books, or remain buried in research notebooks. The retrieval and processing of information on a particular species or strain are dependent solely upon individual investigators. Although various modern methods have been applied to the study of protozoa, no attempt has been made to develop a system with which information on protozoan strains can be stored, retrieved easily, and processed for various analyses by computer technology. Based upon an existing system for encoding data on bacterial strains, a complementary system applicable to protozoan strains was developed and is described herein. PMID- 7218183 TI - Eimeriidae of the herbivorous mole-rat, Spalax ehrenbergi Nehring. AB - A survey of 41 herbivorous mole-rats, Spalax ehrenbergi Nehring, in Urfa, Adiyaman, and Maras provinces of Turkey revealed 7 new species of Eimeria in addition to previously described Eimeriidae. The shape, average dimensions (in microgram) of their oocysts, and the numbers of hosts and from which the new species were isolated were as follows: Eimeria urfensis sp. n., ellipsoidal (33 x 21), from 8 hosts; Eimeria adiyamanensis sp. n., ovoid to ellipsoidal (33 x 18), from 6 hosts; Eimeria haranica sp. n., elongate ovoid (37 x 20), from 22 rats; Eimeria marasensis sp. n., ellipsoidal (36 x 18), from 2 rats; Eimeria oytuni sp. n., pear-shaped (24 x 17), from 2 hosts; Eimeria celebii sp. n., ellipsoidal (16 x 9), from 1 rat; and Eimeria torosicum sp. n., spherical to subspherical (11 x 10), from 2 animals. PMID- 7218182 TI - Eimeria chihuahuaensis sp.n. and other coccidia from Dipodomys spp. in El Paso County, Texas. AB - Dipodomys merriami Mearns and Dipodomys ordi Woodhouse were surveyed for coccidia in El Paso County, Texas. Infections with Eimeria chobotari, Eimeria dipodomysis and Eimeria balphae were 24.8%, 4.4%, and 11%, respectively, for D. ordi. Dipodomys merriami had an infection level of 23.8% with E. chobotari. Four animals concurrently harbored E. chobotari and E. balphae or E. dipodomysis or a new species Eimeria chihuahuaensis. Male and female host infection levels were not significantly different. The new species is described and photographs of 3 previously described Eimeria from Dipodomys are presented. PMID- 7218184 TI - Tritrichomonas muris in the hamster: pseudocysts and the infection of newborn. AB - Female golden hamsters, either in the last week of pregnancy or in the first weeks of nursing, excreted in their feces variable numbers of pseudocysts of Tritrichomonas muris. Pseudocysts examined by electron microscopy had internalization of the 3 anterior flagella and the undulating membrane with its recurrent flagellum. The undulating membrane and the associated marginal lamellae were characteristic of T. muris. Pseudocysts gradually become motile after 2 or more hours of incubation in medium. The "excysted" trophozoites were identified ultrastructurally as T. muris. Newborn hamsters were not infected with T. muris at 3 days of age, but by the 7th day essentially all were found to have infected ceca, concomitant with cecal enlargement and the appearance of adult-type feces. PMID- 7218185 TI - Infectivity of Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoites from oocysts. AB - Infectivity of Plasmodium gallinaceum (Brumpt) sporozoites isolated from midguts and salivary glands of experimentally infected Aedes fluviatilis (Lutz) was studied. The 2 populations were compared at 7, 8, and 9 days postisolation from mosquitoes, which were maintained at 27 C +/- 1 C and approximately 75% relative humidity. Infectivity of the parasites was evaluated by the length of the prepatent period of the infection in 2-week-old chicks inoculated intramuscularly. Infection was caused by 7-day-old sporozoites from salivary glands, but not from midguts. Older sporozoites induced infection in all the inoculated chicks. The results suggested a somewhat higher infectivity of the 8- and 9-day salivary-gland parasites than of the oocyst sporozoites. However, unlike sporozoites from mammalian malaria, oocyst sporozoites from avian malaria were highly infective at this age. PMID- 7218187 TI - Why a reference collection of living protozoa? PMID- 7218186 TI - Role of glycerol permeation in the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Under aerobic conditions, we have determined glycerol uptake in the long slender (LS) bloodstream form of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei brucei by studying glycerophosphate accumulation in the parasites. The coupled enzyme theory applies to the permeation-phosphorylation sequence. Glycerol passage through the plasma membrane is asymmetric, the efflux process being favored over the influx process. No free diffusion of glycerol can be detected even under conditions under which free glycerol accumulates within the cells; most probably, glycerol permeation is mediated by a specific transport system. In the absence of respiratory activities, glycerol is known to be an end-product of T. brucei glycolysis; its production from glycerophosphate should allow ATP synthesis. The observed efflux of free glycerol following intracellular accumulation of glycerophosphate confirms the hypothesis that glycerol production occurs through reversal of glycerol kinase activity. We conclude that in vivo the role of the carrier mediated asymmetric permeation process is to prevent inhibition of the reversal of the glycerol kinase-mediated reaction by removing free glycerol. PMID- 7218188 TI - Current thoughts on the surgery of stroke patients. PMID- 7218189 TI - Cystic adventitial arterial disease. PMID- 7218190 TI - Intussusception of the colon secondary to gastrointestinal metastatic melanoma. PMID- 7218191 TI - The changing pattern of surgical education 1955--1980. PMID- 7218193 TI - Developments in neonatal surgery 1955--1980. PMID- 7218192 TI - An integrated approach to diagnostic imaging. PMID- 7218195 TI - Orthopaedics during the past 25 years. PMID- 7218194 TI - Developments in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 7218196 TI - Gastroenterology 1955--1980. PMID- 7218197 TI - Progress in neurosurgery 1955--1980. PMID- 7218198 TI - Developments in urological surgery 1955--1980. PMID- 7218199 TI - Otolaryngology 1955--1980. PMID- 7218200 TI - Musculocutaneous flaps in reconstructive surgery. PMID- 7218201 TI - Career structure in surgery: implications for manpower and training. PMID- 7218202 TI - Massive prepatellar bursitis. PMID- 7218203 TI - Carcinoma of penis. Review of 214 cases. PMID- 7218204 TI - Surgical research: a survey. PMID- 7218205 TI - Assessment of the Part I Fellowship examination. A 5-year survey. PMID- 7218207 TI - The Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. (Part 6). PMID- 7218208 TI - Steroid-induced osteonecrosis. PMID- 7218209 TI - Lymph fistulas and lymphocysts after peripheral vascular surgery. PMID- 7218210 TI - Internal iliac aneurysm with a trans-sacral fistula. PMID- 7218211 TI - Meckel's diverticulum. A study in the North Manchester area. PMID- 7218206 TI - The management of venous thromboembolism. PMID- 7218212 TI - Uterine sarcoma in Jamaican women. A 15-year clinicopathological study. PMID- 7218214 TI - The prevention and treatment of alcoholism in the Royal Navy -- 1. A policy. PMID- 7218213 TI - Vaginal vault cancer following hysterectomy. PMID- 7218215 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome -- a pathological view. PMID- 7218217 TI - Oesophagitis. PMID- 7218216 TI - The health of the Navy in 1978. PMID- 7218218 TI - Non odontogenic soft tissue cysts of the oral cavity. PMID- 7218219 TI - Marine biological sewage treatment plants. PMID- 7218220 TI - Expression of retrovirus-related antigen in pregnancy. I. Antigens cross-reacting with simian retroviruses in human foetal tissues and cord blood lymphocytes. AB - Antisera to Mason-Pfizer or Baboon Endogenous Virus possessed complement dependent cytotoxicity for cell lines chronically infected with these viruses, with some degree of cross-reaction. When appropriately absorbed with virus-free cells, the antisera were not cytotoxic for lymphocytes of adult males but lysed lymphocytes of neonates in about half of the 30 cord blood samples tested and were also cytotoxic for one third of 26 trophoblast suspensions prepared from healthy placentae. Detection of retrovirus-related antigens was no more frequent in trophoblast from 9 pre-eclamptic placentae. These viral antigens were also demonstrated in cultures of foetal tissues, but only after a period of culture and only when the cells were treated with 5-iododeoxyuridine. The results demonstrate that retroviruses are not only expressed in vivo in the placenta but can also be induced in cultures of foetal cells. Retrovirus-related antigens also seem to be present on foetal lymphocytes. PMID- 7218221 TI - The relation between uterine cervix temperature differentials and epithelial abnormalities. AB - Temperature measurements of the human cervix uteri were made at various locations by a direct-contact thermistor probe. These measurements were compared to both colposcopic findings and histologic examination of tissue biopsies. A correlation between loci of temperature elevation and tissue abnormality was found; however, the measurements were not able to predict the severity of this abnormality. PMID- 7218222 TI - The case for electronic fetal monitoring. PMID- 7218224 TI - Ultrasonic sonography in the management of incomplete abortion. PMID- 7218223 TI - Single midluteal progesterone assay in the management of ovulatory infertility. AB - A midluteal (five to ten days before the onset of the next period) single serum progesterone measurement, used routinely to assess luteal function, revealed, in 48 infertile women, values lower than 10 to 15 ng/ml. Clomid alone or with human chorionic gonadotropin (HGC) was used in their treatment. Twenty-six (58%) women successfully conceived on Clomid or Clomid and HCG. Progesterone measurements before and during treatment showed that values of midluteal progesterone increased from a pretreatment mean of +/- SD of 9.0 +/- 5.9 to 27.3 +/- 10.3 ng/ml during conception cycles. The single progesterone measurement at midluteal phase is a useful guide in the management of ovulatory infertility. PMID- 7218225 TI - Management of the uncomplicated postdate pregnancy. AB - The management of a postdate (greater than 42 weeks) pregnancy with no apparent complication is often unclear. This study compares the intrapartum courses and perinatal outcomes between 101 postdate pregnancies and 322 term pregnancies. The mean maternal age, race, parity and type of care service were not significantly different between the two groups. Signs of fetal compromise were also not different, but a large fetus was more common (p less than 0.01) in the postdate pregnancies (16 cases). The need for cesarean section (13 cases) or midforceps manipulation (7 cases) was increased fourfold in the postdate over the term pregnancies (p less than 0.05). Meconium during labor was not more common in the postdate pregnancies, but the one postdate perinatal death occurred in the neonatal period from severe meconium aspiration complications. A postdate pregnancy with no apparent complications may safely be observed closely. PMID- 7218226 TI - Retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma. PMID- 7218227 TI - Management of molar pregnancy. PMID- 7218228 TI - The effect of concanavalin A on the formation of different types of E-rosettes. PMID- 7218229 TI - Pulmonary mononuclear cells: studies of pulmonary lymph and bronchoalveolar cells of sheep. PMID- 7218230 TI - Dose-dependent storage capacity of colloidal carbon as a cause of reticuloendothelial blockade. PMID- 7218232 TI - Direct tumor cell and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by macrophages form germfree and conventional rats. PMID- 7218233 TI - Macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity: analysis of cellular lipid and fatty acid content during lymphokine activation. PMID- 7218234 TI - Modulation of cell growth by isolated Kupffer cells. PMID- 7218231 TI - Influence of hormones on the release of iron by macrophages. PMID- 7218236 TI - Cold insoluble globulin and heparin interactions in phagocytosis by macrophage monolayers: mechanism of heparin enhancement. PMID- 7218235 TI - Cold insoluble globulin and heparin interactions in phagocytosis by macrophage monolayers: lack of heparin requirement. PMID- 7218238 TI - Stimulation of a human macrophage-like cell line (U-937) to inhibit multiplication of an intracellular pathogen. PMID- 7218237 TI - Kinetic and morphologic studies of rat macrophage phagocytosis. PMID- 7218240 TI - In vitro lymphocyte cytotoxicity to cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells in patients with giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. AB - Lymphocytes from polymyalgia rheumatica patients and controls were cultured with allogenic human arterial smooth muscle cells in order to demonstrate any difference in cytotoxic response. Thirty to 40% of the muscle cell cultures were killed at 24 h by lymphocytes from both the patients and controls. PMID- 7218239 TI - Regional rheumatology practice in Umea a northern Swedish experience. AB - In 1973 rheumatology was reorganized in northern Sweden and a new center was developed to serve a county of 240,000 inhabitants. The results of this development from 1973 to 1977 are reported. Although the number of rheumatic disease beds available was slightly reduced an increased staff was able to reduce the average duration of hospital stay from 42 to 15 d. This was true for all diagnostic groups, both for conventional hospital wards and a comprehensive day ward center. Initially, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had the highest priority and the number of patients with this diagnosis increased. However, after 3 yr RA was diagnosed in only 12% of new out-patients and other rheumatic disorders became more frequent among both out- and in-patients. New patients were referred almost equally from primary care and other hospital departments. Although only 20% of patients came with a provisional diagnosis, half of these were changed after examination by the rheumatology department. An increased demand for diagnostic services and a rapidly changing diagnostic pattern are 2 important factors to be considered in the planning of any new rheumatology center. PMID- 7218241 TI - Factitial Weber-Christian disease: a case report. AB - A 28 yr old white woman with fevers, arthralgias, and panniculitis was found to have factitial Weber-Christian disease induced by repeated subcutaneous injections of paint. The characteristics of self-induced dermatoses, various agents used in their production, and the psychodynamics of patients with self induced illnesses are discussed. It is important that this diagnostic possibility be considered in patients presenting with obscure constitutional, musculoskeletal, and cutaneous findings. PMID- 7218242 TI - Diagnosis of rheumatic fever obscured by liver disease. AB - Two children with acute rheumatic fever had concurrent liver disease which obscured their diagnosis. One patient had evidence of viral hepatitis and the other apparently had liver toxicity from high doses of aspirin. The differential diagnosis of arthritis with liver disease must include acute rheumatic fever. PMID- 7218244 TI - Arthroscopic findings in the frozen shoulder. AB - We report 24 patients with a clinical diagnosis of frozen shoulder who underwent an arthroscopic examination and were reviewed. A painful and stiff shoulder was present for an average of 8 months prior to the arthroscopy. The examinations were performed under general anesthesia and through a posterior route. The capacity of the genohumeral joint was measured by infiltration of physiologic saline and it was subnormal in almost 60% of the cases. Only 1 rupture of the rotator cuff was noted which had been previously demonstrated by arthrography. A torn long head of biceps was identified in 2 cases. No intraarticular adhesions were noted. These observations implicate an extra-articular cause for this clinical entity. PMID- 7218243 TI - Bacterial monarthritis due to Neisseria meningitidis in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus developed monarticular infectious arthritis, in which Neisseria meningitidis was recovered from knee synovial fluid. In one instance, the sole manifestation of meningococcal disease was a chronic, indolent, erosive monarthritis. In the second, a febrile, bacteremic illness presented with an acute, septic arthritis. PMID- 7218245 TI - Pyogenic sacroiliitis. Diagnosis and significance. AB - Two patients are described with unilateral pyogenic sacroiliitis, 1 complicating intravenous heroin addiction and the other complicating a septic skin lesion. The need for diagnostic alertness in the early recognition of this uncommon condition is illustrated and the apparent lack of relationship of pyogenic sacroiliitis to idiopathic ankylosing spondylitis is discussed. PMID- 7218246 TI - Pyogenic sacroiliitis. AB - Two cases of pyogenic sacroiliitis are reported and the literature reviewed. Gluteal pain, tenderness in the sacroiliac area, and pain elicited by maneuvers which stress the joint are characteristic. Delay in diagnosis may result from failure to suspect the sacroiliac joint. Onset is acute in 86% with fever, severe pain, and inability to walk. A bone scan is useful for localization. Blood cultures are positive in one-third. Definitive diagnosis can be established by needle aspiration of the joint, a technically difficult procedure. Therapy is discussed. PMID- 7218247 TI - Stress fractures associated with adjacent osteoarthritis. AB - Two cases are reported which demonstrate stress fractures occurring about osteoarthritic joints. In both cases altered mechanical factors with increased stress apparently led to bony infraction. As there is a natural tendency to ascribe the patient's clinical manifestations to the joint process itself, it is mandatory that scrutiny of the radiographs be accomplished so that subtle stress fractures are detected. PMID- 7218249 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica and myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7218248 TI - Rice bodies in hypogammaglobulinemic arthritis. AB - An adult with non-sex-linked congenital hypogammaglobulinemia who developed knee swelling is described. This patient had marked synovial proliferation and rice body formation without inflammatory synovial fluid and no infiltration of the synovium by lymphocytes or other inflammatory cells. Traditionally, rice bodies have been considered a nonspecific response to inflammatory synovial disease. The occurrence of rice bodies in the setting of noninflammatory joint disease suggests a dichotomy between the inflammatory and proliferative reactions in synovitis. PMID- 7218250 TI - The hyperchemotaxis of Behcet's disease and the effect of colchicine. PMID- 7218251 TI - Physiotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7218252 TI - The mechanism of low glucose concentration in rheumatoid pleural effusions: a primary transport defect? PMID- 7218253 TI - Sulindac-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome: report of 3 cases. PMID- 7218254 TI - Plasma transfusion in rheumatoid arthritic patients. PMID- 7218255 TI - The effect of jaundice on rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7218256 TI - The growth of rheumatology. PMID- 7218260 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis: new associations and current perspectives. PMID- 7218257 TI - The mechanism of hyperchemotaxis in Behcet's disease. AB - We previously reported that the chemotactic response of granulocytes from the patients with Behcet's disease is higher than normal neutrophils. In this study we examined the mechanism by which neutrophils from the patients with Behcet's disease were hyperchemotactic. Normal and patients' leukocytes were disrupted in hypertonic sucrose, sonicated and the supernate was examined. The extracts from the disrupted Behcet's neutrophils increased the normal granulocyte response to the chemotactic stimulus more strongly than extracts from normal cells. This active substance was localized mainly in the cytoplasmic fraction of leukocytes. The fact that Behcet's neutrophils have a higher concentration of the cytoplasmic activator might play an important role in the pathogenesis of hyperchemotaxis. PMID- 7218258 TI - Levamisole as basic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: longterm evaluation. AB - We evaluated longterm levamisole treatment of 201 rheumatoid patients. Fifty-nine patients in their 1st yr of treatment were not analyzed; of the remaining 142, 69 (49%) still took levamisole with benefit. Levamisole was stopped in 32 patients (22%) for inefficacy and for reversible adverse reactions in 37 (26%). Leukotoxic side-effects were the commonest cause of withdrawal (23 patients = 16%). Since June 1977, we administer levamisole on a 1 d/wk schedule (150 mg), with determination of white blood cells 10 h after intake to detect high-risk patients for agranulocytosis. With disease exacerbation during treatment or lack of response after 6 months, the drug is given on a 2nd non-consecutive day. Since June 1977, cases of agranulocytosis have not been observed. Allergic vasculitis did not occur with a 1 d/wk schedule. The absence of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity is stressed. Only 4 patients (3%) were lost to follow-up. Comparison is made with longterm use of gold and D-penicillamine. We conclude that levamisole is a useful slow acting antirheumatic drug. PMID- 7218261 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of 4 cases with ultrastructural studies in 2. AB - Four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are described. Except for low dose prednisone therapy in 1 patient, none of these patients had received immunosuppressive therapy prior to the lymphoma. This present series and literature review suggests an increased incidence of non Hodgkin's lymphoma in SLE. PMID- 7218263 TI - Survival among patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a life-table analysis. AB - A life-table analysis of survival was performed retrospectively on 56 white patients (49 males) with ankylosing spondylitis. The disease was diagnosed in these patients between 1934 and 1960 at a mean age of 35.2 yr. Patients were followed until December, 1975, a mean duration of 22 yr. The expected survival was calculated from life-tables for the United States population matched for sex, age, race, geographic area, and calendar year. For the first 10 yr of follow-up, there was no difference in the observed and expected survival. By 20 yr after diagnosis, 37 patients were observed to have survived whereas 46 were expected (p = 0.001). By 40 years after diagnosis, 16 were observed to have survived and 21 were expected (p = 0.063). PMID- 7218264 TI - A new species of Whartonia (Acari: Trombiculidae) from New Guinea fruit bats, redescription of Whartonia penthetor and designation of a lectotype. PMID- 7218262 TI - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome presenting as rheumatic manifestations in the child. AB - Nine patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) presented with joint complaints. This represented 5% of the new pediatric arthritis patients seen over a 6-month period. All 9 patients had a history of double-jointedness, and 7 had arthralgias associated with increased physical activity. On physical examination all had hypermobile joints, 7 had joint tenderness, but none had joint swelling. Based on the presence of other features including hyperextensible skin, widened scars, and cardiac clicks and murmurs, 8 were categorized as EDS Type II and 1 as EDS Type III. It posed a significant problem because the diagnosis had not been previously entertained before consultation and erroneous diagnosis had been made. Therefore, EDS should be included in the differential diagnosis of polyarthralgia in the child. PMID- 7218265 TI - Eadiea neurotrichus, n. sp. (Prostigmata: Myobiidae) from Neurotrichus gibbsii (Insectivora: Talpidae). PMID- 7218266 TI - Speleognathine mites (Acari: Ereynetidae) from birds in the Hawaiian Islands, with description of a new species. PMID- 7218268 TI - New species of biting midges of the genus Culicoides from Colombia and the first description of the male of C. florenciae (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). PMID- 7218267 TI - Panamanian Lutzomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae) host attraction profiles. PMID- 7218269 TI - The effects of the tick Amblyomma hebraeum (Acari: Ixodidae) on blood composition and weight of rabbits. PMID- 7218270 TI - Effects of adult sex ratio and stocking rate on viable egg production of Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 7218271 TI - Parasitic mites of Surinam. XXXVI. A new genus and two new species of neotropical Macronyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). PMID- 7218273 TI - Linkage and association between HLA and 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia because of 21-hydroxylase deficiency is closely linked to the HLA system. The lod scores in 14 informative families are presented. Apart from linkage, the 21-hydroxylase deficiency is associated with an increase of BW47 antigen and lack of B8 antigen in patients. A family with a possible recombination between the 21-hydroxylase deficiency and the HLA complex was found, thus indicating that the 21-hydroxylase gene lies outside the HLA system and is closely linked to the HLA-DR locus. PMID- 7218274 TI - Genetic inheritance of susceptibility to tinea imbricata. AB - Segregation analysis on 228 family pedigrees collected from a Papua New Guinean population provided data that strongly supported a previous report of an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance of a susceptibility to tinea imbricata. The frequency of the susceptibility gene within the population studied was found to be 0.49 +/- 0.04, calculated on the assumption of an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. However, in spite of the strong evidence in support of autosomal recessive inheritance, the possibility of autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance cannot be excluded. PMID- 7218272 TI - Genetic aspects of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (types I and II). PMID- 7218275 TI - Ellis-van Creveld syndrome: report of 15 cases in an inbred kindred. AB - An inbred kindred with 15 cases of the autosomal recessive Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is reported. The ages of the 12 living affected varied between 3 and 82 years. The main characteristics include polydactyly of the hands and feet and several other skeletal anomalies, oral manifestations, and malformations of the heart in 50% of the living affected. PMID- 7218277 TI - Clinical manifestations of familial 13;18 translocation. AB - Female first cousins, aged 21 and 2 1/2 years, with many of the characteristic features of trisomy 18, were found to have identical unbalanced translocations, 46,XX,--13, + der(13)t(13;18) (p13;q12)mat. Clinical features of another cousin, two uncles, and an aunt suggested that they, too, had a partial trisomy 18 phenotype. The long survival and normal menstrual and secondary sexual development in one case are remarkable. A heritable balanced translocation, 46,XX or XY, t(13;18) (p13;q12), was detected in the mothers of the cases, a sib, an aunt, and two uncles. Translocation carriers had abnormalities in gonadal structure or function, with aspermia in males and polycystic ovaries with infertility in several females, suggesting that some gene controlling reproductive development occurs on the long arm of chromosome 18, with normal function interrupted at the breakpoint. Balanced translocation carriers may also be at greater risk for both benign and malignant neoplasms, which included acute leukaemia in an uncle and adenocarcinoma of the stomach at an early age in the grandmother. Although aetiological laboratory studies identified no premalignant state, the clinical findings suggest a defect that may predispose to cytogenetic abnormalities and malignancy. PMID- 7218276 TI - alpha-Thalassaemia in Sardinian infants. AB - A haemoglobin survey carried out in southern Sardinian newborn infants showed an overall incidence of 12.9% with haemoglobin Bart's of more than 1%. The distribution was trimodal: low (1 to 2%), intermediate (2 to 10%), and high (about 25%). A considerable overlap was seen between the first two groups. Both the 1 to 2% and 2 to 10% groups had thalassaemia-like red cell indices at birth. Newborn infants ascertained as having alpha-thalassaemia at follow-up did not necessarily have unbalanced alpha/non-alpha chain synthesis at birth. At follow up examination two subjects in the 25% group had developed haemoglobin H disease, and the 2 to 10% group had thalassaemia-like red cell indices and unbalanced globin chain synthesis ratios indicative of heterozygous alpha-thalassaemia. The 1 to 2% group either had normal or slightly reduced alpha-chain synthesis ratios, indicative of the silent alpha-thalassaemia carrier state. Two subjects with 2.0% and 2.5% haemoglobin Bart's at birth had heterozygous beta-thalassaemia at follow up. Therefore, they were double heterozygotes for alpha- and beta-thalassaemia with alpha/beta-globin chain synthesis ratios of 0.81 and 0.86. Genotype assessment in a few families showed that infants with haemoglobin Bart's levels of more than 2% may have one of the genotypes --alpha/ --alpha or -- --/alpha alpha. PMID- 7218279 TI - Proximal femoral focal deficiency associated with the Robin anomalad. AB - A case of unilateral proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) and the Robin anomalad is reported. Since bilateral PFFD and unusual facies have been reported before, we suggest an association between the Robin anomalad and PFFD. PMID- 7218278 TI - New C band markers of human chromosomes: C band position variants. AB - Although it is well known that variations in size are common in the centric heterochromatin of human chromosomes, it has not been appreciated that centric heterochromatin may be positioned either entirely on the short arm, centrally, or entirely on the long arm. Inspection of C banded karyotypes in which chromosomes were identified by previous Q banding showed C band position variants in all of the chromosomes of groups A, B, C, E, and F. These 'new' C band markers were followed in families and found to be heritable. By scoring chromosomes for both size and position of C bands it should be possible to distinguish the majority of homologous chromosomes in most people. The ease of scoring and high frequency of variation should make C band position variants extremely useful in linkage studies and population surveys. PMID- 7218280 TI - The penta-X syndrome. AB - A child is presented with a 49,XXXXX chromosomal constitution bringing to 12 the total number of children described with this karyotype. Comparison of this child's features with previously reported cases indicates a clinically recognisable specific pattern of malformations referred to as the penta-X syndrome. X chromosome replication studies using BrdU labelling in the patient's cells clearly showed that the four presumably inactive X chromosomes were late replicating but not in a strictly synchronous fashion. PMID- 7218281 TI - De novo duplication 1q32-q42: variability of phenotypic features in partial lq trisomics. AB - A de novo tandem duplication 1q32--q42 was observed in a 7-month-old mentally retarded and malformed male infant. Karyotype-phenotype correlation in other similar unbalanced trisomies has shown psychomotor retardation, micro- or retrognathia or both, and low set or malpositioned ears to be the most common features associated with this newly recognised syndrome. However, after reviewing patients with duplication of regions 1q2, 3, and 4 and 1q2 and 3, it was concluded that similar non-specific clinical features are also present in these 1q imbalances. On the whole, a rather wide range in phenotypical expression has been observed in different cases. Thus it is concluded that, at present, it is impossible to delineate the profile of the syndromes resulting from partial 1q trisomies. PMID- 7218285 TI - Hypophosphatemia as a possible cause of acute respiratory failure. PMID- 7218282 TI - Primary protrusio acetabuli in four generations of an Italian family. PMID- 7218283 TI - The Gordon syndrome. PMID- 7218284 TI - Neuroendocrine profile of a suprasellar tumor. PMID- 7218286 TI - Oxytocin augmentation of intra-amniotic saline for termination of pregnancy. PMID- 7218287 TI - Infant mortality in Bekaa-Lebanon, 1979. PMID- 7218288 TI - Cancer of the bladder and cigarette smoking, coffee and alcohol drinking in Lebanon. PMID- 7218289 TI - Kyphoscoliosis pulmonary function in 10 cases. PMID- 7218292 TI - Acoustic trauma in unprotected airport workers. PMID- 7218290 TI - [Choledocho-duodenal fistulas of ulcerous etiology]. PMID- 7218291 TI - Traumatic pneumocephalus from tangential bullet injury with compression of the brainstem. A case report. PMID- 7218293 TI - An alternative method to predict performance: canonical redundancy analysis. AB - The relationships between predictors of performance and subsequent measures of clinical performance in medical school were examined for two classes of students at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. A relatively new statistical technique, canonical redundancy analysis, was used to evaluate the association between six academic and three biographical preselection characteristics and four measures clinical competence. While producing results consistent with the univariate methods traditionally used, the technique extends understanding of the total relationship between the two sets of measures. The preselection variable found to be most related to clinical competence was the undergraduate nonscience grade-point average. Overall, 16 percent of the variation in clinical performance was accounted for on the basis of knowledge of the preselection characteristics. PMID- 7218295 TI - Laboratory costs and utilization: a framework for analysis and policy design. AB - A conceptual framework is outlined as the basis for analysis and evaluation of laboratory test-ordering patterns. This framework highlights the input, process, and output phases of the laboratory inquiry system. Data are presented from a contemporary Canadian study to show that the cost of laboratory testing is escalating and represents a sizable proportion of hospital costs. Practical policy interventions intent on reducing the costs in this complex system will require thorough analysis within a conceptual framework such as is outlined here and will require ultimately sophisticated control programs at various levels in the laboratory inquiry system. PMID- 7218294 TI - A collaborative effort to study methods of teaching physical examination skills. AB - A collaborative study was conducted between two medical schools to evaluate critically the teaching of physical examination skills to first-year medical students, assess the effect of different instructional methods on student performance, and improve teaching programs at both schools. Students at the two schools were videotaped performing a physical examination on a paid model at the completion of their physical diagnosis courses. The videotapes were sent to a third school for independent evaluation based on criteria agreed upon by all three schools. Students participating in a highly structured course and utilizing a very specific behavioral checklist as both a teaching and evaluating instrument tended to perform more complete physical examinations than students from a less structured course and employing a more generalized checklist. Both medical schools benefited from participation in the study. PMID- 7218296 TI - 'Curriculum mapping': objectives, instruction, and evaluation. AB - The objectives, instruction, and evaluation in a health professions course were studied by an evaluation approach which the author calls "curriculum mapping" to determine the degree of congruence among the three components. During the three years studied there were shifts in course content emphasis and yearly variations in the content tested. By the third year the objectives were no longer congruent with the instruction and test items used in evaluation. In addition, the test items were typically at lower cognitive levels than the related objectives. The application of this evaluation model may be useful to faculties in improving their courses. PMID- 7218297 TI - A general model for preventive intervention in clinical practice. AB - A five-stage collaborative project to develop curriculum and associated instructional materials in preventive medicine has been initiated by the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine in cooperation with the Center for Educational Development in Health at Boston University. As part of the first stage, a general model delineating physician responsibilities in the preventive dimension of clinical practice was developed and analyzed in terms of requisite attitudes, knowledge, and skills. The model is based on a theoretical matrix modified by consideration of optimal physician performance in three tracer conditions (lung cancer, gonorrhea, and hypertension) and the results of a Delphi survey among a sample of 50 primary care practitioners. Competency in planning a practice-based program of prevention and the ability to assist patients in modifying patterns of behavior emerged as significant determinants of physician effectiveness in preventive intervention. PMID- 7218298 TI - A description and four-year analysis of a clinical clerkship evaluation system. AB - Major issues related to evaluating student performance in clinical clerkships are reviewed, and the development of a clerkship evaluation system which attempts to deal with each issue is described. Three evaluation methods are utilized: multiple choice examination, oral examination, and ward ratings. Scores from each evaluation method for the classes of 1977-80 were analyzed to determine dependability and validity. Results indicate that the multiple choice and oral exam scores were highly dependable each year; however, the ward ratings were not dependable during the first year of use. Over the four-year period, the ward rating criteria were kept the same, annual feedback to individual faculty was provided, and residents were added as raters. The cumulative effect appears to have been a pronounced improvement in the dependability of the ward rating scores. As a result, ward rating scores now receive greater emphasis in evaluating student clerkship performance. PMID- 7218299 TI - The home visit in the multidisciplinary teaching of primary care physicians. AB - Evaluating a person's physical and psychological make-up and his physical and cultural environment are skills that must be learned by physicians-in-training. The faculty of the Boston City Hospital Primary Care Training Program at the East Boston Neighborhood Health Center uses the home visit to help residents develop these skills. This article discusses the home visit program and its impact on residents, their patients, and the faculty. PMID- 7218301 TI - Restriction of range effects on the new MCAT's predictive validity. PMID- 7218300 TI - The independent psychiatry project: a model exercise in student learning. AB - The author describes a component of a freshman psychiatry course in which students are permitted in lieu of final examinations to pursue independent study in any aspect of the human life cycle. Examination of student topics over a three year period revealed that many chose areas of study relating to significant past personal experiences. These students were able to gain considerable cognitive mastery over highly charged and/or traumatic life events. A second distinct student group directed its inquiries to the developmental aspects of physicianhood. The independent psychiatry project appears to be a vehicle for promoting active, autonomous, and reflective learning in the preclinical curriculum. PMID- 7218302 TI - The dean's letter: the preclinical years neglected. PMID- 7218303 TI - Teaching efficient and effective utilization of the clinical laboratory. PMID- 7218304 TI - Preventive medicine redefined. PMID- 7218305 TI - Medical students' interest in and attitudes toward psychiatry. PMID- 7218306 TI - Revision and evaluation of a course in behavioral sciences for undergraduate medical students. PMID- 7218307 TI - Early introduction to the pelvic examination: an anatomical approach. PMID- 7218308 TI - The future physician: realistic expectations and curricular needs. AB - Medical education and practice have been changed markedly by the success of biomedical research in recent decades and by the increasing role of government in medicine. The future physician will require a strong background in the basic medical sciences as well as highly developed clinical skills. He will need the capacity to reason scientifically and rigorously in relation to clinical issues as well as new technologies. He will, in addition, have to provide the traditional human support functions of the clinician and help in the formulation and implementation of public policy as it relates to health. The medical schools' curricula need to be examined regarding these and other future needs of the graduates. PMID- 7218309 TI - Development of a division of general medicine in a department of internal medicine. AB - Complex social and economic pressures have initiated a perceptible shift in the composition of departments of medicine, which are now required to provide a more balanced faculty effort in the areas of patient care, teaching, and research. This report describes the development and diverse roles of a Division of General Medicine in the Department of Medicine of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. The division members are academically oriented general internists adhering to the principles of scholarship found in traditional subspecialty divisions. The division members play key roles in the organization of the student and resident teaching programs in general internal medicine. Patient care and research activities, fiscal organization, and plans and problems in the area of promotion and tenure are discussed. Since divisions of general medicine seem destined to become integral parts of most, if not all, departments of medicine, the division described in this report may serve as a model for other institutions. PMID- 7218310 TI - Feelings of loneliness in women medical students. AB - Despite recent increases in the number of women medical students, feelings of loneliness may continue to exist more among female than male students. The purpose of this study was to examine feelings of isolation with regard to the students' perceptions of the medical school environment, the local community, and the potential value of student support services. Questionnaire data obtained from 97.8 percent of the potential respondents indicated that females, in comparison with males, reported more feelings of isolation, found the community less apt to meet their needs, and expressed more negative reaction to sexist humor. Although few significant differences were found with regard to marital status, the patterns of responses showed that married women may experience more loneliness in medical school than single women. The results establish a need for continued attention to the feelings of loneliness in women medical students. PMID- 7218311 TI - The black autobiography as a teaching tool in psychiatry. AB - The author outlines a seminar which is aimed especially at improving the capacity of psychiatrists and medical students to understand the emotional conflicts of their black patients as well as the therapists' own race-related attitudes and behaviors. The course is based on the study of black autobiographical literature, which is illustrated here by use of The Autobiography of Malcolm X. The author shows how the black autobiography can be a powerful catalyst for the discussion of issues such as the symbolic value of black skin color and pervasive black white distrust. PMID- 7218315 TI - Anticipatory socialization of medical students. PMID- 7218314 TI - Senior medical students' attitudes toward patients: influence on career choice. PMID- 7218312 TI - A randomized trial of librarian educational participation in clinical settings. AB - In order to evaluate the librarian's educational role in patient care settings, an information service was provided for health professionals, patients, and families by two part-time clinical librarians. Eight clinical areas were randomly selected from a pool of settings which met predetermined entry criteria. Four of these settings were randomly allocated to the experimental maneuver (that is, the clinical librarian service), and four were control settings. Results showed that the clinical librarians were accepted by health professionals and that services to all groups were viewed as successful. Significant differences in information seeking patterns were found between study and control groups of health professionals. In particular, the study group was more likely to use the library for direct patient care and rated the librarian and library resources more highly as sources of information. This time-limited and education-oriented model would be useful for settings in which a full-time librarian program is not feasible. PMID- 7218313 TI - Prescription-writing by pediatric house officers. AB - Prescription-writing is an important aspect of medical practice. Illegible and/or incorrect prescriptions can result in loss of patient, physician, and pharmacist time and may cause therapeutic errors or drug toxicity. An examination to evaluate prescription-writing was administered to a group of pediatric house officers and faculty. Follow-up monitoring of actual prescriptions written in the pediatric clinic was performed. Deficient prescription-writing techniques and weakness in the therapeutic knowledge of beginning pediatric interns were identified. The data indicate that proper prescription-writing (especially the use of controlled substances) should be taught to house officers and that the therapeutic knowledge of beginning pediatric interns cannot be assumed to be adequate. PMID- 7218317 TI - The patient's personality profile. PMID- 7218316 TI - Medical education: at what expense? PMID- 7218319 TI - Clinical biophysics: a new concept in undergraduate medical education. PMID- 7218318 TI - Teaching pediatric residents to provide emotion-ladened information. PMID- 7218320 TI - Epistemologies inherent in various clinical teaching styles. PMID- 7218321 TI - Maintenance of tenure. PMID- 7218322 TI - Allergens in yellow jacket venom as determined by sephadex fractionation, enzyme and RAST assays. AB - Yellow jacket venom (YJV) was fractionated on Sephadex G-50 and G-75 resulting in 9 fractions. These fractions were examined for enzyme and RAST activity using sera from 10 patients with known positive YJV RAST. Enzyme activity was found in four fractions. Enzymes associated with significant RAST activity were acid phosphatase, hyaluronidase, phospholipase A and phospholipase B. DNAase activity was found in one of the fractions associated with phospholipase A and B. Positive RAST activity was found in 8 of 9 fractions. The RAST patterns and relative RAST activities among the patients' sera examined were quite variable. The heterogeneity of the antibody response to the YJV fractions among the sera studied suggests that testing and treatment could not be successfully carried out in all patients using one or two predominant venom antigens. PMID- 7218323 TI - Impaired inhibition of mitogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by serum from patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7218324 TI - New evidence of circulating immune complexes in Crohn's disease using two sensitive methods. AB - Circulating immune complexes (AgAb) were studied in 183 serum samples from 119 patients with Crohn's Disease. AgAb were studied by the solid phase C1q binding test in all sera and also by the conglutinin binding assay in 161 sera. A significantly higher prevalence of circulating AgAb was observed in Crohn's disease patients in comparison with the control population. About one half of the sera were AgAb positive when the results of both tests were combined whereas AgAb were found in about one third of the sera by each individual method. Complexes revealed by the C1q-SP appeared to be related to the disease activity and to the occurrence of complications. Such a correlation was not observed as far as conglutinin results are concerned. Data emerging from the present investigation indicate that circulating AgAb may be present in Crohn's disease and suggest that the AgAb material is heterogeneous. They also suggest the possibility that AgAb represent a secondary phenomenon. PMID- 7218325 TI - Immune complexes in myasthenia gravis. AB - Low levels of circulating immune complexes were detected in 42% of 50 patients with myasthenia gravis. Although a number of these had other associated autoimmune disorders, 30% of patients with no clinical evidence of other disorders were positive in the assays used. The nature of the antigen or antigens in the complexes is not known. However, no binding of alpha-bungarotoxin (a specific probe for the acetylcholine receptor) to the complexes was observed. No correlation of presence of complexes and duration or severity of disease or antibody titres to the acetylcholine receptor was found. PMID- 7218326 TI - The effect of strenuous physical exercise on circulating blood lymphocytes and serum cortisol levels. AB - Venous blood was removed from healthy subjects immediately before and at intervals after exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Immediately after exercise, the subjects developed a lymphocytosis in which (a) the E-rosette percentage fell by 10% but their absolute number in the circulating blood rose by more than 70%, (b) the percentage of PHA-stimulated cells fell, but their absolute numbers increased considerably and (c) the absolute numbers of Con A- and PWM-responding cells increased. The numbers of lymphocytes in the various subpopulations had returned virtually to the pre-exercise levels 15 minutes after stopping exercise. During the response to exercise, the characteristics of the cells in the various subpopulations did not show any major changes, despite considerable and rapid fluctuations in numbers: it is suggested that exercise discharges intravascularly sequestered cells and that cortisol may be involved in re-sequestration of stress released cells. It is recommended that, in clinical studies on circulating lymphocyte numbers and populations, the patient should be rested for at least 15 minutes before venesection. PMID- 7218327 TI - Radiosensitivity of Hodgkin's disease lymphocytes. AB - Blood lymphocyte subpopulations from 10 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease and 10 healthy controls were examined with respect to their radiosensitivity in vitro. T-cells (E-rosette forming) were more sensitive in 7 out of the 10 patients whereas these cells appeared to be relatively radioresistant in all control persons. However, a subpopulation of T-cells forming "active" E-rosettes, was relatively resistant in 9 of the patients and all of the controls. Non-T cells (EAC-rosette forming) were equally sensitive in patients and in controls. PMID- 7218328 TI - Macrophage function in alloxan-diabetic mice: expression and activity of Fc receptors. AB - The expression of Fc receptors (FcR) on macrophage surfaces is dependent on the in vitro insulin level. Macrophages (Mo) of alloxan-diabetic animals have more FcR and phagocytose heavily opsonized sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) better, than normal Mo. The reverse is, however, true when suboptimally opsonized SRBC are used. No differences were found between normal and diabetic macrophages in the rate of catabolism of engulfed antigen. We regard it likely that the generation and/or transmission of Fc-dependent signal from the cell surfaces may be impaired in hypoinsulinaemic environment. PMID- 7218329 TI - Experimental lead paint poisoning in nonhuman primates. III. Pathologic findings. AB - Necropsies were performed on 25 rhesus monkeys, three cebus monkeys and three baboons which had been fed leaded paint or lead acetate at various doses up to 666 days. The 31 test primates and six controls ranged in age from five days to about eight years. In addition, the brains of 13 subadult squirrel monkeys fed lead oxide and two controls were studied grossly and microscopically. Lead content of liver, kidney and brain correlated with clinical outcome and typical histologic changes. Neuropathologic lesions, most severe in the young, occurred in 28 of 43 test primates despite a paucity of neurological signs. Brain lesions were similar to those occurring in human lead encephalopathy and included degenerative and proliferative changes of small vessels, ring hemorrhages, edema, perivascular hyalin droplets, rosette-like deposits of proteinaceous exudates, focal loss of myelin, astrogliosis and necrosis of hippocampal neurons. PMID- 7218330 TI - Sialic acid content of serum, urine and leukocytes during pregnancy in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata). AB - Serum, urinary and leukocyte sialic acid content was determined in five bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) during the later two-thirds or pregnancy. There was a progressive increase in the levels of serum sialic acid till about one week prior to delivery, followed by a significant decline at parturition and a sharp peak shortly after delivery. The levels came down to non-pregnancy values by two months postpartum. The urinary sialic acid levels were also elevated during pregnancy, but there was no parallelism between the trends exhibited in serum and urine. The sialic acid content of leukocytes was in the non-pregnancy range throughout the period of the study. The results are discussed in relation to the possible role of high levels of serum-bound sialic acid in the protection of the antigenically foreign fetus from the adverse reactions of the maternal immune response. PMID- 7218331 TI - Chloride movement across the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells. AB - Electrophysiologic and tracer experiments have shown that Cl- enters Necturus proximal tubule cells from the tubule lumen by a process coupled to the flow of Na+, and that Cl- entry is electrically silent. The mechanism of Cl- exit from the cell across the basolateral membrane has not been directly studied. To evaluate the importance of the movement of Cl- ions across the basolateral membrane, the relative conductance of Cl- to K+ was determined by a new method. Single-barrel ion-selective microelectrodes were used to measure intracellular Cl and K+ as a function of basolateral membrane PD as it varied normally from tubule to tubule. Basolateral membrane Cl- conductance was about 10% of K+ conductance by this method. A second approach was to voltage clamp the basolateral PD to 20 mV above and below the spontaneous PD, while sensing intracellular Cl- activity with the second barrel of a double-barrel microelectrode. An axial wire electrode in the tubule lumen was used to pass current across the tubular wall and thereby vary the basolateral membrane PD. Cell Cl- activity was virtually unaffected by the PD changes. We conclude that Cl leaves Necturus proximal tubule cells by a neutral mechanism, possibly coupled to the efflux of Na+ or K+. PMID- 7218332 TI - Transmembrane distribution of alpha-tocopherol in single-lamellar mixed lipid vesicles. AB - A study of the molar ratio dependence of the incorporation of alpha-tocopherol into single-lamellar vesicles showed that the number of molecules which the bilayers can accommodate increased linearly with increasing alpha tocopherol/phosphatidylcholine initial molar ratios till about 0.05, then approached a saturation limit. At 5 mol%, one alpha-tocopherol molecule per 60 phospholipids can be incorporated into the membranes. Up to this limit the distribution of alpha-tocopherol in the bilayers is uniform, while at initial molar ratios higher than 0.05 a disproportionation toward the inner monolayer of the vesicles is observed. The average outer/total ratio is found to be 0.27 +/- 0.03 at alpha-tocopherol/phosphatidylcholine molar ratios above 0.07 and is similar to asymmetrical distributions that have been reported in vesicles containing other one-chain amphiphiles (e.g., cholesterol). This large disproportionation is in contrast with the packing distribution of certain two chain amphiphiles, and indicates that one of the driving forces for asymmetry formation in lipid bilayers might be dependent on the number of hydrocarbon chains per amphiphile molecule. A possible reason for the disproportionation effect observed in our experiments is the displacement of unsaturated phospholipids to the outer monolayer of the single-lamellar vesicles, by the more rigid isoprene units of alpha-tocopherol. PMID- 7218333 TI - Glucose uptake into plasma membrane vesicles from the maternal surface of human placenta. AB - Glucose uptake into plasma membrane vesicles from the maternal surface of the human placenta was measured with the Millipore filtration technique. Uptake off D glucose was dependent on the osmolarity of the incubation medium surrounding the vesicles. Uptake of D-glucose exceeded that of L-glucose. The uptake of D-glucose was not enhanced by placing 100 mM NaCl or NaSCN in the medium outside the vesicles (none inside) at the onset of uptake determinations. D-glucose transport was inhibited by cytochalasin B; phloretin, phlorizin, and 1-fluoro-2,4 dinitrobenzene. D-glucose uptake was inhibited by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, 3-O-methyl-D glucose and to a lesser extent by D-galactose. It was not inhibited by alpha methyl-D-glucoside. Cytochalasin B binding to the vesicles was 30% inhibited in the presence of 80 mM D-glucose. The results indicate that the system for facilitated transport of D-glucose at the maternal face of the placenta is distinctly different from that on the brush-border membrane of intestine or renal tubule and more closely resembles that of human erythrocyte. PMID- 7218335 TI - Improvements in optical methods for measuring rapid changes in membrane potential. AB - In an effort to increase the utility of optical methods for measuring membrane potential in excitable cells, an additional 369 dyes were tested on giant axons from the squid. Several promising dyes with relatively large absorption and fluorescence signals are described. In addition, a simple modification of the apparatus led to a sixfold increase in the size of dye-related birefringence signals. In preparations with a suitable geometry, these signals are as large as absorption signals but photodynamic damage and bleaching are eliminated when wavelengths longer than the absorption band are used. PMID- 7218334 TI - Competitive membrane adsorption of Na+, K+, and Ca2+ in smooth muscle cells. AB - A theory for Na+, K+ and Ca2+ competitive adsorption to a charged membrane is used to explain a number of experimental observations in smooth muscle. Adsorption is described by Langmuir isotherms for mono- and divalent cations which in turn are coupled in a self-consistent way to the bulk solution through the diffuse double layer theory and the Boltzman equations. We found that the dissociation constants for binding of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ in guinea pig taenia coli are ca. 0.009, 1.0, and 4 X 10(-8) M, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of a Ca2+ pump that maintains free surface Ca2+ concentration constant is investigated. A decrease in intracellular Na+ content results in an increased Ca2+ uptake; part of this uptake is due to an increase in surface-bound Ca2+ in an intracellular compartment which is in contact with the myofilaments. Variations in the amount of charge available to bind Ca2+ and the surface charge density are studied and their effect interpreted in terms of different pharmacological agents. PMID- 7218338 TI - Thermodynamics of partitioning and efflux of phenothiazines from liposomes. AB - The partitioning of nine phenothiazines between dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes and 0.9% wt/vol saline at pH 6 has been studied both below and above the phase transition temperature (Tc) of the phospholipid. Higher partitioning was observed above Tc. Both the entropy and enthalpy of partitioning were positive below and above Tc, and a linear relationship between the entropy and enthalpy has been derived. In general, the partitioning and transport of alkylaminophenothiazines in DMPC liposomes over the temperature range of 5 to 40 degrees C is entropically controlled. The entropies and enthalpies of partitioning of various groups in the phenothiazine structure have been calculated. No relationship was found between particle size of the DMPC liposomes and the equilibrium partition coefficient at 25 degrees C. However, the particle size of liposomes did increase with increasing acyl chain length of the phospholipid. Using differential scanning calorimetry, the enthalpy and entropy of transition of the DMPC liposomes in the absence and presence of phenothiazines has been calculated. The temperature dependence of the first-order rate constant of trimeprazine tartrate transport in DMPC liposomes was investigated and was found to be maximum at the Tc of the phospholipid. PMID- 7218336 TI - Computer assisted analysis of ferritin-insulin receptor sites on adipocytes and the effects of cytochalasin B on groups of insulin receptor sites. AB - A computerized quantitative technique was used to analyze the distribution of ferritininsulin receptor sites on rat adipocytes and the effects of cytochalasin B on groups of receptor sites. Computer analysis of separation distances between receptor sites established that insulin receptor sites on adipocytes did not have a random distribution but have a distinct tendency to exist in groups with a maximum separation distance between particles of 400 A. A peak in the distribution of separation distances occurred at 100-200 A. Cytochalasin B, but not cytochalasin D, treatment of adipocytes resulted in a decrease in the number of large groups of receptor sites and a corresponding increase in single and paired receptor sites without affecting the separation distance between the remaining grouped receptors. This suggested that when cytochalasin B disrupted the bond holding receptor sites together, it caused complete disruption. These observations provided additional information on the ultrastructural characteristics of the insulin receptor. Further application of these techniques to the analysis of insulin receptors may provide the necessary structural correlates to the biochemically observed differences in insulin action in other tissues and diseased states. PMID- 7218339 TI - Extra dicentric 15 pter leads to q21/22 chromosomes in five unrelated patients with a distinct syndrome of progressive psychomotor retardation, seizures, hyper reactivity and dermatoglyphic abnormalities. AB - Five unrelated patients with a supernumerary chromosome derivative of chromosome 15 are described. The clinical findings in the present series of cases show a gross concordance with the data previously reported in subjects with similar aberrations and allow the delineation of a distinct syndrome. Although undetermined variation in the structure of these extra chromosomes may contribute significantly to phenotypic heterogeneity, the patients display a rather common constellation of findings, which include: absence of major malformations, mental and developmental retardation, seizures, hypotonia, behavioural disturbances, and reduced total ridge count on fingertips. Patients with partial trisomy 15q- resulting from dicentric chromosomes bear little resemblance to patients carrying 15q- chromosomes arising de novo or due to unbalanced translocations. PMID- 7218340 TI - Psychiatric disorders in mentally handicapped children: a clinical and follow-up study. AB - The clinical psychiatric syndromes encountered in sixty mentally retarded children treated in a child psychiatric out-patient clinic setting are described. It was possible to classify these syndromes according to the multi-axial classification scheme for psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. The children were followed-up for some years in many cases and the natural history of these disorders was in the main comparable to that of similar disorders in children of normal intelligence, although there was a tendency for some of the disorders to prove unusually persistent. Sometimes the persistence of these disorders seemed to be related to the children's continuing dependency needs arising from their mental retardation and to stresses within the family circle. The disorders responded reasonably satisfactorily to standard child psychiatric treatment techniques, and child psychiatric services should include the assessment and treatment of psychiatric disorders in mentally handicapped children within their remit. PMID- 7218337 TI - The headgroup conformation of phospholipids in membranes. PMID- 7218341 TI - Improving recall in retarded persons: consistency of ordering and simultaneity of presentation. AB - Consistency of ordering (blocked, random) and presentation method (simultaneous, sequential) were investigated in a multi-trial, free recall task with sixty educable mentally retarded adolescents. In a blocked-simultaneous condition, five groups of three stimuli were presented consistently in the same groups from trial to-trial as well as simultaneously with three words on a slide. The blocked sequential condition maintained the consistent ordering, but only one item at a time was presented. In a random-simultaneous condition, stimuli were presented not in consistent, but in changing, groups of three. A random-sequential treatment used both inconsistent ordering and sequential presentation. Results showed that consistent ordering led to facilitation of organisation and recall both from recency and other list serial positions. Subjective organisation and clustering were also enhanced by simultaneous presentation. It was concluded that if one instructional strategy had to be chosen in an applied context, it should be consistent ordering accompanied by simultaneous presentation. PMID- 7218342 TI - Acoustic microscopy of human metaphase chromosomes. AB - Acoustic micrographs of human metaphase chromosomes have been recorded with wavelengths as short as 470 nm using liquid argon near 85 K as the acoustic wave coupling medium. Chromosomes prepared by trypsin-Giemsa staining exhibit acoustic banding patterns similar to the G-bands seen in optical images. Unstained chromosomes exhibit acoustic markings that do not correspond to traditional banding patterns. The observed acoustic contrast may arise from spatial variations in chromosomal mechanical properties, or from thickness variations in the fixed chromosomes. PMID- 7218343 TI - Ice crystal damage in frozen thin sections: freezing effects and their restoration. AB - Thin sections of unfixed kidney, fast frozen without cryoprotectants, were fixed in osmium tetroxide vapour directly after freeze drying or after 30 min in a moist atmosphere. Dry sections fixed in vapour showed ice crystal damage characteristic for the freezing procedure. This was demonstrated with freeze fracture replicas from the same preparation. Ice crystal holes were obscured in serial sections which were freeze dried and allowed to rehydrate in a moist atmosphere. The same ultrastructural appearance was observed in frozen sections brought to room temperature immediately after cutting. Frozen thin sections from unfixed tissue, if freeze dried, are very sensitive to atmospheric conditions and need some form of stabilization (e.g. osmium vapour fixation, sealing with an evaporated carbon film) before electron microscope images can be interpreted as representative for the frozen state. Restoration of ice crystal damage can occur by melting frozen sections or by rehydration of freeze dried frozen sections. Restoration phenomena will impair studies aimed at the localization of diffusible substances by autoradiography or X-ray microanalysis. PMID- 7218345 TI - Some modifications of freeze-fracture replica preparation. AB - Freeze-fracture replicas are freed from lipid material by saponification in a hot sodium hydroxide solution and subsequently rinsed with 10% ethanol in distilled water. All manipulations are carried out with a glass bead fashioned onto a pasteur pipette. A stable, two-layered plastic support film has been developed to allow the use of grids with larger openings so that more of the specimen is observable. PMID- 7218344 TI - An improved technique for the freeze-fracture of cell cultures grown as monolayers. AB - An improved and rapid procedure for the freeze-fracture of cell cultures grown as monolayers is described. No additional equipment than normally used for freeze fracturing is necessary and cell culture conditions are as usual on plastic dishes. Cells are grown on a plastic foil membrane so that they can be viewed with a light microscope. If necessary, while viewing with a binocular microscope, specimen holders are glued to the foil membrane over selected areas of the culture. The specimen holders with the attached cell culture are dissected out and processed for freeze-fracturing in a BIOETH 2005. Fracture planes occur along the cell surface as well as through entire cells. Analysis of corresponding fracture faces is possible. PMID- 7218346 TI - A method for determining the three-dimensional form of active flagella, using two colour darkground illumination. AB - Using darkground illumination, and placing colour filters over half the field, one can make a single, highly resolved, colour micrograph of a filamentous object (such as a mammalian sperm tail) from which it is possible to get a complete and unambiguous three-dimensional reconstruction. PMID- 7218347 TI - Preparation and assessment of frozen-hydrated sections of mammalian tissue for electron microscopy and X-ray microprobe analysis. AB - A system is described for preparing and examining frozen-hydrated sections of mammalian tissue, using commercially available equipment. An essential part of the system is a liquid nitrogen cooled vacuum transfer system. Minor modifications were required to interface the various manufacturers' equipment, and also to facilitate handling of specimens in the cryoultramicrotome. A variety of criteria indicates that our sections are truly frozen-hydrated, but negligible image contrast in the sections is a serious problem both for morphological work and X-ray microanalysis. PMID- 7218350 TI - Microdensitometry with image analyser video scanners. AB - A numerical method for calibration of the Quantimet 720 1D Auto detector as a densitometer in absolute density units has been developed and applied to integrated microdensitometric measurement. A procedure for the estimation and correction of microscope glare error has also been derived. The error after glare correction was found to be comparable with threshold setting variation encountered in routine use of the Quantimet. The method should prove valuable in densitometric applications not only for Quantimet image analysers but also for any instrument employing a video imaging system because the underlying principles are the same. PMID- 7218348 TI - Polyvinyl alcohol coating: an improvement of the freeze-fracture technique. AB - A modification of the freeze-fracture technique, involving the coating of tissues with polyvinyl alcohol (Vinol) prior to freezing, is described. This results in substantial improvements over the more conventional method in which material is cryoprotected and frozen in buffered glycerol alone. The high vacuum is produced more rapidly and can be better than in the absence of vinol and the speed of replica recuperation is greatly increased. PMID- 7218349 TI - Estimation of surface labelling on whole, critical point dried, cells by microprobe analysis in the scanning electron microscope. AB - A method is described whereby the relative amount of histochemical label, such as ferritin, provided it is exclusively attached to the surface of cells, can be estimated. The X-ray emission from the metal coating, deposited from a diode sputter coating unit, is used to correct for the variations in the iron counts from the label which could occur due to changing analysis conditions. PMID- 7218351 TI - An apparatus for freeze-fracturing specimens of dermal collagen in preparation for scanning electron microscopy. AB - A new apparatus is described which facilitates the freeze fracturing of specimens under liquid nitrogen in preparation for scanning electron microscopy. The apparatus is simple and can be made by any competent engineering department. PMID- 7218352 TI - Resolution in light microscope autoradiography using a carbon-14 labelled line source. AB - Light microscope autoradiographs were prepared from a 14C line source Two factors that affect resolution were studied: emulsion thickness and section thickness. The distribution around the line source was determined using the half-distance (HD) value to quantify the resolution. An increase in HD value was observed with thicker sections or emulsion layers. The shape of the curve reflecting the grain density distributions around these line sources was very similar. After normalization in HD and relative grain density units, an average distribution was calculated and compared with the shape of normalized density distributions obtained from electron microscope autoradiographs. Other than a discrepancy near the source, an acceptable correlation was observed. PMID- 7218353 TI - A simple, inexpensive apparatus to allow sequential perfusion of an animal several different fluids without an intervening drop in perfusion pressure. AB - An inexpensive, versatile perfusion apparatus which allows the sequential perfusion of several fluids into an animal without an intervening drop in perfusion pressure is described. PMID- 7218354 TI - Minimizing sample error in transmission electron microscopy. AB - The last few years have seen an increase in the use of electron microscopy, both for research and as a diagnostic tool in pathology. With the increase in the number of specimens being used for diagnostic purposes, limitations due to sampling error have become apparent. The method described is designed to help overcome this problem. PMID- 7218355 TI - Preliminary x-ray crystallographic study of the turkey lens protein, delta crystallin. PMID- 7218356 TI - Effect of caffeine on DNA synthesis in irradiated and unirradiated mammalian cells. PMID- 7218357 TI - Determination of mutation rates in bacteriophage T4 by unneighborly base pairs: genetic analysis. PMID- 7218359 TI - Size-dependence of a stable higher-order structure of chromatin. PMID- 7218358 TI - Segments from modified human fibrinogen. PMID- 7218361 TI - Whither sickle cell disease in the 1980s. PMID- 7218360 TI - Primary common bile duct stones and pancreatitis. PMID- 7218362 TI - Nutritional approaches to primary prevention of atherosclerosis in childhood. AB - Many risk factors have been identified with the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Of these hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity are amenable to nutritional therapy. Minimal data exist to prove that alteration in these risk factors prevent atherosclerosis in adults and children. This paper discusses nutritional approaches to prevention of atherosclerosis in children. PMID- 7218363 TI - Health policy and the politics of health priorities and planning for health care in the United States Virgin Islands. PMID- 7218367 TI - Why quality assurance? AB - Quality assurance programs in radiology are essential and each radiologist must be committed to exert comprehensive efforts toward excellent quality control. Identification and evaluation of a radiological problem, corrective action, and good record keeping are essential features of a well-managed quality assurance program. This paper discusses the background and impact of these programs on providing safe radiologic services to patients. PMID- 7218365 TI - Perforation of the gallbladder: a clinical study. AB - An analysis of 3,260 admissions to St. Francis General Hospital during a 20-year period for acute and chronic cholecystitis and two traumatic gallbladder perforations revealed 115 cases for an incidence of 3.5 percent. The most common gallbladder perforation in this series was localized perforation with abscess formation in 72 patients (63 percent). Other perforations were fistulization to another hollow viscus, or to the skin, 32 (27.5 percent), and free perforation, 11 (9.5 percent) into the peritoneal cavity.Nineteen or 46 percent of 41 postoperative complications were related to bacterial infections. In spite of a complication rate of 32 percent, the mortality was zero.Of 115 cases categorized as perforated gallbladder, 63 percent were localized with abscess formation, and 9.5 and 27.5 percent, respectively, were classified as free and as fistulization. Mortality was zero; however, morbidity was 32 percent. The significant complications were related to infection, ie, wound, urologic, subphrenic, and pulmonary and leg vein. Early operation is indicated for acute cholecystitis after rapid preoperative perforation. PMID- 7218366 TI - Advanced tibia vara (Blount disease) in adolescent Nigerians. AB - Twenty-five cases of advanced tibia vara occurring in adolescent Nigerians treated at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, are reported. They were aged from 11 to 14 years. The severity of the condition was assessed by measuring the intercondylar distance of the knees, radiological appearance, and measurement of the femorotibial angles. The condition is characterized by failure of growth of the posteromedial part of the proximal part of tibial epiphysis, the deformity producing acute varus at the upper end of the tibia with medial torsion and ultimately with flexion of the diaphysis on epiphysis. The deformity leads to early degenerative changes in the knee.The decision to correct the deformity by tibial osteotomy was not only for cosmetic reasons but also to prevent knee osteoarthritis at a later date. The operation in experienced hands gives satisfactory cosmetic appearance with few complications except for the tendency of the scars to be keloidal, broad, and conspicuous. PMID- 7218364 TI - Acrometastases. AB - Metastases to the small bones of the hands and feet are a rare occurrence. The author reports five cases from his personal experience and reviews the literature. Bronchogenic carcinoma appears to be the principal contributor to hand metastases. Although there are approximately 150 reported cases, the true incidence is probably greater due to lack of reporting and lack of attention to the extremities in routine screening procedures. X-ray appearance is uniformly lytic. Local radiotherapy gives palliation. PMID- 7218368 TI - The malpractice feud. AB - The propriety of an immediate resolution of the malpractice feud rests on the strong thesis that law and medicine cannot be mutually exclusive if both shall continue to remain true to their traditional pledges. The common need to serve, primarily, the human being and, secondarily, the client or patient is a sufficient basis for much compromise. It should always be remembered that if there were no life there would be no rights to defend; nor would life be worth its very name, if legal rights were nil.This paper assesses some of the basic differences between law and medicine, identifies the historical and recent events that precipitated the current malpractice feud, and offers some ameliorative measures for resolving the uneasy state. PMID- 7218369 TI - The road to medical school: an up-to-date black perspective. PMID- 7218370 TI - Horizontal cell processes in teleost retina. AB - Contacts between horizontal and bipolar cells are described in the retina of the teleost Eugerres plumieri. A single, long expansion observed in the external cone horizontal cells makes contact by means of a terminal button with the cell body of a bipolar. It represents the only contact between this class of horizontal cell and the bipolar soma. On the other hand, the medial and internal cone horizontal cells and the rod horizontal cells, which lack such a single, long expansion, display instead numerous short and fine expansions that terminate by means of a terminal knob on a bipolar cell body. The bipolar-destined, short expansions of the rod horizontal cell make contact with large bipolar cell bodies, whereas corresponding short expansions of cone horizontal cells contact small bipolar cell bodies. It is suggested that the ascending horizontal cell process forms presynaptic terminals in the photoreceptor triad complex, and that the single, long and the multiple, short bipolar-destined expansions are postsynaptic to the bipolar cell body. PMID- 7218371 TI - Metabolic neural mapping in neonatal rats. AB - Functional neural mapping by 14C-deoxyglucose autoradiography in adult rats has shown that increases in neural metabolic rate that are coupled to increased neurophysiological activity are more evident in axon terminals and dendrites than neuron cell bodies. Regions containing architectonically well-defined concentrations of terminals and dendrites (neuropil) have high metabolic rates when the neuropil is physiologically active. In neonatal rats, however, we find that regions containing well-defined groupings of neuron cell bodies have high metabolic rates in 14C-deoxyglucose autoradiograms. The striking difference between the morphological appearance of 14C-deoxyglucose autoradiograms obtained from neonatal and adult rats is probably related to developmental changes in morphometric features of differentiating neurons, as well as associated changes in type and locus of neural work performed. PMID- 7218373 TI - Specific enhancement of neuronal responses to catecholamine by p-tyramine. AB - Extracellular recording and iontophoresis techniques were used to study the interactions of the trace amine, p-tyramine (p-TA) with putative neurotransmitters on single neurones in the cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus of the rat. p-TA, when applied with weak iontophoretic currents which did not result in any change in neuronal firing rate, caused a pronounced potentiation of depressant responses to iontophoretically applied dopamine (DA). Depressant responses of cortical neurones to noradrenaline were also markedly potentiated by weak background application of p-TA. This potentiating action of p-TA was related to the amount of the trace amine applied and was apparently specific for catecholamines, since depressant responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine and gamma aminobutyric acid were unaffected. Excitatory responses to iontophoretically applied glutamate were also unaltered by weak application of p-TA. Excitatory responses to iontophoretically applied glutamate were also unaltered by weak applications of p-TA. Excitatory responses of most neurones to acetylcholine (ACh) were also unaffected by p-TA in the cortex and caudate nucleus. However, responses to ACh of a small number of cells in both brain areas were reduced in size during weak applications of p-TA. It is suggested that p-TA may act as a modulator of neurotransmission, particularly that mediated by DA in the central nervous system. PMID- 7218375 TI - Localization of kainic acid-sensitive cells in mammalian retina. AB - Short-term (15 minutes) in vitro exposure to kainic acid (KA), a rigid structural analog of L-glutamic acid (Glu), caused two morphologically distinct neuronal lesions in retinas of several species. In rabbit retina, one type of lesion was characterized by rapid swelling after exposure to low concentrations of KA (10( 4)M). This lesion was observed in elements of both plexiform layers and, more specifically, in cell bodies and neurites of horizontal cells that contact cones. A few cell bodies from the amacrine cell layer showed some limited swelling. The swelling was completely blocked when sodium was removed from the incubation medium. The second type of lesion was generally seen after longer exposures of after exposure to higher concentrations of KA and was evidenced by degeneration of neurons in the amacrine and ganglion cell layers. One exception was noted in that a few cells from the ganglion cell layer degenerated even under low exposure conditions. The second type of lesion was not blocked by removal of sodium ions. Photoreceptor cells appeared resistant to all effects of KA. The results suggest that a correlation may exist between certain KA-induced lesions of the retina and putative glutamoreceptive neurons. At the same time, the two types of retinal lesions produced by KA are morphologically and chemically differentiable and may be useful in elucidating the differences between specific, Glu-related toxicity and nonspecific toxicity of KA. PMID- 7218374 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against mouse nerve growth factor produced by somatic cell hybrids. AB - Spleen leukocytes from rats and mice immunized against mouse 2.5S nerve growth factor (NGF) and peripheral blood leukocytes from rabbits hyper-immunized against the same antigen were fused with the mouse plasmacytoma P3X63Ag8. Hybridomas were screened by immunological assays (micro-complement fixation test and solid phase radioimmunoassay) for production of antibodies that reacted with NGF. Significant variations were seen between culture fluids from different hybrid cells. In addition, most but not all hybridoma antibodies that reacted immunologically with NGF prevented neurite outgrowth from 8-day chick embryo sensory ganglia explants after binding to NGF. These results suggest that the hybridoma antibodies produced by the different clones react with different antigenic sites on the NGF molecule. PMID- 7218372 TI - S-180 cells secrete nerve growth factor protein similar to 7S-nerve growth factor. AB - The nerve growth factor protein (NGF) has been identified by biological assay and rocket immunoelectrophoresis in media conditioned by monolayers of mouse S-180 sarcoma cells, a transformed cell line of salivary gland origin. By utilization of a purification procedure designed to enrich for acid-dissociable, high molecular-weight complexes similar to the 7S-NGF isolated from male mouse submaxillary gland, it has been determined that a significant portion of mouse sarcoma NGF is initially present as a complex at neutral pH with a molecular weight indistinguishable from that of 7S-NGF. At pH 4.0 the mouse sarcoma NGF complex dissociates, and the active subunit can be isolated as a species with a molecular weight of less than 40,000. The induced dissociation at pH 4.0 of the mouse sarcoma NGF high-molecular-weight complex, as well as the complex's behavior in isoelectric focusing and sucrose gradient sedimentation is consistent with the hypothesis that 7S-NGF is packaged as a subunit containing protein intracellularly prior to secretion into the extracellular space. Moreover, the stability of the mouse sarcoma NGF complex at dilute concentrations is similar to that reported for the purified 7S-NGF complex. PMID- 7218377 TI - Effects of acute and chronic administration of DDVP (dichlorvos) on distribution of brain acetylcholine in rats. AB - DDVP (dichlorvos), an irreversible cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor, was administered acutely and chronically to rats in order to investigate effects on the distribution of brain acetylcholine (ACh). In acutely treated animals (4 mg/kg, singly), cholinergic signs were evident and accompanied with a 100, 146, 113, and 61 per cent increase in total, free, labile-bound and stable-bound ACh content of the brain, respectively, and a 66 per cent decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity 20 min after injection. In no animals treated chronically with a low dose (0.2 mg/kg/day for 9 or 90 days, or 1 mg/kg/day for 9 or 30 days), any overt sign was shown during the experimental period, and the stable-bound ACh content of the brain was not altered. In the group given 0.2 mg/kg for 90 days and that given 1.0 mg/kg for 9 or 30 days, free ACh content increased slightly but significantly, and AChE activity decreased to 58 per cent. Total ACh content and labile-bound ACh content increased only in a group given 1 mg/kg of DDVP for 30 days. These results suggest that acute, as well as chronic, exposure to organophosphate may induce alteration in mobilization and storage of ACh in the central cholinergic nerves. PMID- 7218378 TI - Cytotoxicity of methyl bromide: effect of methyl bromide on cultured mammalian cells. AB - Cytotoxicity of methyl bromide on cultured mammalian cells was examined. Acute toxic action was induced by methyl bromide itself and its cytotoxicity was reduced in the presence of glutathione. Its hydrolysis products or its reaction products with organic compounds in the medium was extremely low in toxicity. Although methyl bromide is known to be a methylating agent, morphological changes induced on HeLa cells were different from the changes characteristic of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents. Lethal concentration of methyl bromide on HeLa cells and primary cultured muscle, kidney and brain cells was similar (10 microgram/ml). In a detailed survey, however, there was a slight difference in the susceptibility among the cells from primary culture of brain. PMID- 7218376 TI - Chronic toxicity and hepatocarcinogenicity of (+) rugulosin, an anthraquinoid mycotoxin from penicillium species: preliminary surveys in mice. AB - (+) Rugulosin (RUG) is bis-anthraquinoid pigment produced by fungi such as Penicillium rugulosum Thom, P. tardum and others, and its chemical structure is very close to (-) luteoskyrin, one of bis-anthraquinoid pigments of Penicillium islandicum Sopp and hepatocarcinogenic to mice and rats. This investigation was concerned with the subacute and chronic effects of RUG on hepatic injury and hepatocellular tumor induction in male mice fed purified diets for 22 days containing 1.5 mg/5 g diet/animal per day or whole feeding period containing 0.3 and 0.75 mg RUG/5 g diet/animal per day. A half of male DDD mice receiving 1.5 mg RUG for the initial 22 days of feeding died 1-3 weeks thereafter from the acute hepatic injury characterized by fatty degeneration and liver cell necrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma developed in one out of 14 mice surviving the feeding of control diet for additional 400 days. Each one fourth of cases of male ddYS mice receiving 0.3 and 0.75 mg RUG for 500-700 days developed hyperplastic nodules of liver cells. These data suggest that RUG is possibly a weak hepatocarcinogen for male mice with a potency les than one tenth of (-) luteoskyrin. PMID- 7218379 TI - Comparative studies on postnatal development of liver beta-glucuronidase activity between Gunn rats and Wistar rats. AB - 1. The changes of beta-glucuronidase activity in Wistar and Gunn strain rats from infants to adults, were determined. Consequently, the enzyme activity in liver was found to increase remarkably during the time of growth and to keep a certain level of activity at maturity. The beta-glucuronidase activity in Gunn strain rats was detected to be low in comparison with that of Wistar strain rats. 2. The beta-glucuronidase activity in liver of rats in over 50 days after birth is quite stable. It is concluded, therefore that the rats of 50-80 days old are most stable to examine the influence of drugs on beta-glucuronidase activity. 3. In the experiments using the above rats, the beta-glucuronidase activity in liver showed an increase by the administration of borneol, chloretone and barbital-Na. However, Gunn strain rats indicated rather low enzyme activity as compared to Wistar strain rats. 4. The beta-glucuronidase activity in kidney and intestine did not show an extensive alteration and was hardly affected by the drugs used. PMID- 7218380 TI - Comparative studies on the fate of 14C-dipyridamole (RA8) after single and multiple administration in rats. AB - 1) Absorption, distribution and excretion of 14C-Dipyridamole (RA 8) wee studied comparatively after the administration of single intravenous (5 mg/kg), single oral (10 mg/kg) and multiple oral (10 mg/kg, once a day for one week) dosages in rats. 2) The blood level of radioactivity after oral administration showed a monophasic slow elimination with a half-life (t1/2) of about 10 hrs. The apparent absorption rate was not so high (t1/2 : 0.72 hr), therefore, it took about 3 hrs to reach the maximum level. 3) When the drug was applied intravenously, radioactivity in blood decreased tri-phasically, but the terminal phase, which appeared 12 hrs after the application, showed the same elimination rate as that of p. o. application, i.e., t1/2 : about 10 hrs. 4) The observed values of radioactivity during and after the multiple dosing regimen fitted well on the simulation curve derived from the results of a single administration. 5) Radioactivity was mainly distributed in the alimentary canal, liver and kidney, which were isolated after single or multiple oral administration. No radioactivity was found in CNS. Whole body autoradiogram obtained after intravenous or oral administration also supported the results of distribution as above. 6) No considerable accumulation of radioactivity was recognized in any tissues after the multiple dose in the rat. PMID- 7218381 TI - [On the subacute toxicity of labetalol (AH5158): a combined alpha-and beta adrenoceptor blocking agent (author's transl)]. AB - Subacute toxicity and recovery tests of labetalol hydrochloride, alpha- and beta adrenoceptor blocking agent, were carried out using male and female Wistar strain rats. The drug was orally administered at 50, 150, 450 or 1000 mg/kg/day for 1 month. In all the drug-treated groups, increase in salivation was observed from immediately to 15 minutes after dosing through the treatment period. Eight of the 10 males and 9 of the 10 females in the group treated with 1000 mg/kg/day died of intoxication. Suppression of body weight gain was observed in male rats in the 450 and 1000 mg/kg/day groups and in female rats in the 1000 mg/kg/day group. In the 150 mg/kg/day and higher dose groups, water consumption showed a tendency to increase as compared with that of control group. Increase in urine volume was observed in female rats in the 450 mg/kg/day group. In the serum biochemical examination, slight elevation in potassium levels was noted in the 150 and 450 mg/kg/day groups. In histopathological findings, some abnormalities were found in the groups treated at 150 mg/kg/day and higher. Major abnormalities found in organs were; congestion and hypremia of various organs due to vasodilation, swelling of parenchymatous cells in liver and kidneys, and loose arrangement and change in the thickness of muscle fibers in cardiac and skeletal muscles. None of these abnormal findings was found in any examination in recovery tests. PMID- 7218382 TI - Panel: "Current Status of Emergency Medical Services". PMID- 7218384 TI - An objective method for early diagnosis of gram-negative septicemia in burned children. AB - The present investigation was undertaken to standardize the early diagnosis of Gram-negative septicemia in burned children. Data were collected by means of a matrix which encompassed eight clinical variables routinely monitored by nursing personnel. These variables were evaluated according to their severity using a numerical scale of 0 to 3. A sepsis score was thus calculated for each of 243 burned patients, three times a day throughout their entire hospitalization. Eighty patients with suspiciously high scores (controls) were subjected to a battery of ten laboratory tests aimed at confirming the presence or absence of septicemia. During the 26 months of the study 16 patients (22 episodes) had clinical and laboratory evidence of Gram-negative septicemia. Multiple regression and discriminant analysis techniques were then used to develop statistical models for early diagnosis of septicemia. The two most practical and reliable of these are reported herein. Model I and II would have predicted the diagnosis of sepsis, 83% and 86% of the time, respectively, 1 day before the diagnosis was made using conventional methods. The false positive rates of Models I and II were 7% and 3%, respectively. On the basis of this information it seems possible and rewarding to utilize decision-making charts for monitoring and diagnosis of septicemia. PMID- 7218383 TI - Recovery of function following replantation and revascularization of amputated hand parts. AB - One hundred patients with replantation or revascularization of 149 hand units were studied with respect to return of function. Criteria for assessment included level and mechanism of injury, age, active range of motion, two-point discrimination sensibility ratings, grip and pinch strength, cold intolerance, and return to previous employment. Survival rate for replantation was 79% and for revascularization 97%. In the 38 replantation patients 80% underwent secondary operations, the most common being flexor tendon reconstruction. Most digits regained two-point discrimination of better than 10 mm; normal two-point discrimination was achieved in 40% of digits in this group; total active motion of 84% of fingers was rated poor. In the 62 revascularizations motion of 28% was rated poor, of 29% rated excellent. Restoration of tendon and joint function was aided by early and aggressive flexor tendon reconstruction and early digital motion; selected patients had primary insertion of silastic rods when there was expectation of a poor result due to tendon or soft-tissue damage. Isolated index amputations should not be replanted except in children or young adults. Revascularization should rarely be used when there is index tendon and bone involvement. PMID- 7218386 TI - Candidiasis in the burned patient. AB - Candida organisms were cultured from 452 of 1,513 hospitalized burned patients during a 6-year study period. Of the 172 patients with colonization of the eschar by this fungus, only 20.7% subsequently developed invasive candidal sepsis. The mortality of untreated Candida burn wound infection was 100%, and with aggressive medical-surgical therapy, 91.6%. Candidemia was present in 52 patients and 76.9% of these died. Candida infection was seen as a preterminal phenomenon, coincident with a generalized collapse of patients' defensive and homeostatic mechanisms. For this reason, mortality was high and the infection rarely responded to treatment. Control of this lethal complication rests with prevention by the judicious use of intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and expeditious closure of the burn wound. PMID- 7218385 TI - Multiple systems organ failure: II. The effect of infusion of amino acids and glucose. AB - Amino acids and dextrose infusion were given for short periods of time to a young man whose basal state is characterized in the previous paper in this series, and their effects were documented in terms of plasma concentrations and splanchnic extraction. The basal state measurements show in the acute trauma state and its subsequent starvation state a largely balanced splanchnic extraction of amino acids but at a decreasing rate. Amino acid (FreAmine) infusion at low rates on this background produced a large increase in extraction of a largely balanced mixture of amino acids but a minimal change in glucose release. The septic state is characterized in both the basal and amino acid infusion state by splanchnic extraction of an unbalanced mixture of amino acids which is deficient in branched chain amino acids and in relative excess of glucogenic amino acids with increased glucose release and increased utilization of amino acids for gluconeogenesis. In early sepsis this state can largely be repaired by exogenous amino acid infusion but in late sepsis can only be partially repaired. The data suggest that the patient in late sepsis should have a branched-chain rich amino acid mixture and that the hepatic failure of sepsis is strongly associated with peripheral release of an unbalanced mixture of amino acids secondary to enhanced branched-chain catabolism. Infused glucose produces a large increase in the plasma glucose but also improves the balance of the splanchnic amino acids extracted. The statistical validity of the preceding statements are examined in detail in the manuscript. PMID- 7218387 TI - Impalement wounds of the head and chest by reinforced steel bars with recovery: an unusual case report. AB - A 31-year-old male who sustained completely penetrating impalement wounds of the head and chest by reinforced steel bars in a fall at a ferroconcrete building construction with a miraculous survival is reported. The bars were successfully removed; a surgical mallet was required to loosen the bar impacted in the patient's head. After 12 days he was discharged, and he has returned to construction work and is well 3 years postinjury. PMID- 7218388 TI - Urethro-cavernous fistula from blunt penile trauma. AB - An unusual case of traumatic urethro-cavernous fistula from the fall of a heavy object upon the flaccid penis is described. In the absence of clinical evidence of urinary extravasation, prompt performance of corpus cavernosography helped detect the existence of such a fistulous communication. Institution of prompt suprapubic urinary diversion avoided occurrence of undesirable sequelae to intracorporeal urinary leak and ensured uncomplicated spontaneous closure of the fistula. PMID- 7218390 TI - Life or death for burn patients. PMID- 7218389 TI - Intestinal injury associated with low-voltage electrocution. AB - A 16-month-old girl suffered low-voltage electrocution from a hairdryer while playing in the bathtub. At exploratory laparotomy about 18 hours postinjury because of distention and persistent, unexplained acidosis, a 1.5-cm diameter necrotic lesion in the terminal ileum surrounded by multiple superficial serosal burns and a 1.5 x 1.0 cm eschar in the mid-transverse colon were found. The lesion in the small intestine was resected with wide margins and the colon lesion exteriorized. The child ultimately expired 12 hours after surgery from recurrent cardiac arrest. Abdominal visceral injury associated with major electrical injury is reviewed. Although the colon is probably the most frequently injured, the esophagus, pancreas, gallbladder, and small intestine have also been reported as directly injured by electric current. The importance of meticulous examination of the abdominal contents at laparotomy is stressed. Lesions of the small intestine should be resected with wide margins when possible and lesions of the colon resected with a colostomy of the injured segment exteriorized. PMID- 7218391 TI - Experiences in the management of pancreatic trauma. AB - A 30-year experience in the management of 283 consecutive patients with acute pancreatic trauma was reviewed. Of these injuries 224 were penetrating; 59 were from blunt trauma. Diagnosis was made by laparotomy in all patients, although elevated serum amylase suggested this injury in 23 (56%) of 41 patients with nonpenetrating injuries. Operative measures were initially involved with correction of associated injury when present (961 organ injuries in 278 patients: 3.5 injuries per patient). During the earlier years, Penrose drains were placed to the site of injury. Significant pancreatic complications (fistula in 13, suppurative pancreatitis or abscess in six, pseudocyst in three) were noted in 19 (46%) of the 41 patients so managed. Routine sump drainage dramatically reduced the incidence of pancreatic complications to 2% in the 198 patients having external drainage alone. Distal resection was performed in 29 patients, without later pancreatic insufficiency. Most disappointing were the results from Roux-en Y internal drainage: fistula developed in five and lethal bacterial pancreatitis in three of the seven patients so treated. Five patients died from exsanguination during exploration for major vascular trauma, and all three patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy succumbed within 20 hours after operation. The overall mortality was 13.8%, with only seven deaths out of the last 100 patients treated. Profound hemorrhagic shock and its complications (19), suppurative pancreatitis (eight), and post-traumatic respiratory insufficiency (three) accounted for 30 of the 39 fatalities. PMID- 7218392 TI - Multiple systems organ failure: III Contrasts in plasma amino acid profiles in septic trauma patients who subsequently survive and do not survive-effects of intravenous amino acids. AB - The response of the plasma substrate and hormone profile of survivor and nonsurvivor septic trauma patients to varying rates of amino acid infusion (IVAA) were contrasted. When IVAA=0 levels of most plasma amino acids (except aspartate, tryptophan, cysteine, and proline) were lower in nonsurvivors. At IVAA=1 to 100, however, 11 of 20 plasma amino acids were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) higher in nonsurvivors: only glutamate was significantly lower (p less than or equal to 0.001) and valine, isoleucine, and arginine on average lower. At IVAA less than or equal to 101 to 200, only alanine, methionine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.005) higher in nonsurvivors; isoleucine was significantly (p less than or equal to 0.02) lower. The sharp increase in methionine and decrease in tryptophan in nonsurvivors with IVAA was particularly marked. Polynomial regression analysis showed that urea increased significantly with IVAA in both patient groups, while free fatty acids and cortisol decreased only in nonsurvivors. Insulin increased with IVAA only in survivors, glucagon only in nonsurvivors. Triglycerides, glycerol, acetoacetate, beta OH butyrate, and glucose appeared to show no significant response to IVAA in either patient group. The data are consistent with increased peripheral protein catabolism and branched-chain amino acid oxidation in association with decreased tissue uptake of conventional energetic fuels. These results may be interpreted to be consistent with an impairment of mitochondrial translocase systems. PMID- 7218393 TI - The cardiac effect of altered calcium homeostasis after albumin resuscitation. AB - Supplemental albumin added to a standard non-albumin resuscitation regimen has been shown to significantly impair heartwork in seriously injured patients. The role of calcium dynamics in this myocardial depression was analyzed in 94 injured patients who were in shock for an average of 32 minutes, received an average of 14.5 transfusions, 9.2 L crystalloid, 0.9 L plasma, and 20.9 mEq calcium prior to the end of operation. By random selection, 44 patients received an average of 31 gms of albumin during operation, 207 gms during the early postoperative period (mean = 30 hrs) of extravascular fluid sequestration, and 402 gm during the mobilization period. The albumin resuscitated patients had normal total protein and serum albumin levels and higher total calcium (TC) levels, however, they had a significantly lower Ca++ and Ca++/TC. The accumulative slope for heartwork/filling pressure was significantly depressed in albumin patients as was the mean work unit/filling pressure index. The level of Ca++ and the Ca++/TC ratio correlated directly with the calculated work unit index in both the albumin and non-albumin patients. This suggests that a supplemental albumin binds serum Ca++ causing an increase in TC but a reduction in Ca++ and Ca++/TC. The fall in Ca++ and Ca++/TC seems responsible, in part, for heart failure and pulmonary edema in albumin resuscitated patients. PMID- 7218394 TI - Emergency thoracoscopy: a logical approach to chest trauma management. AB - Expeditious surgical management in serious chest trauma improves survival rates. However, guidelines for emergency thoracotomy that depend on the initial amount of blood loss or continuing blood loss are imprecise and frequently require a period of observation. In an attempt to improve prethoracotomy diagnosis emergency thoracoscopy was used in the operating room in 36 patients who presented with hemothoraces. A diagnostic thoracoscope was inserted through the previously placed incisions for chest tubes. The procedure was well tolerated under local anesthesia and in most patients took less than 15 minutes to complete. No complications resulted from thoracoscopy. When the information obtained did not indicate further operations, the thoracoscope was withdrawn and chest tubes were reinserted through the same incisions. The method provided anatomic definition of the injuries in 35 of 36 patients and allowed the determination of whether blood loss was continuing. Management was altered as a result of thoracoscopy in 16 patients (44.4%). An unnecessary thoracotomy was avoided in 16 patients who had greater than 1,500 ml of blood in the thoracic cavity on admission and allowed a more rapid thoracotomy in one patient. Four patients had wounds located close to the diaphragm and laparotomy was avoided when the diaphragm was found free of injury. Bleeding from lacerated intercostal vessels was stopped with diathermy during thoracoscopy in two of three patients. In addition, 15 patients had 200 ml or more of clotted blood removed. The usefulness of removal of clotted blood remains to be proved but it is hoped that the incidence of empyema will be reduced. Emergency thoracoscopy has proved a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic measure in patients sustaining penetrating chest trauma. PMID- 7218395 TI - Traumatic injuries to the urethra. AB - Major urethral injuries from external trauma are complex problems of diagnosis and treatment. Complications resulting from injury, failed diagnosis, and inappropriate therapy include stricture, impotent, and incontinence. Opinions differ as to whether immediate suprapubic cystostomy followed by later reconstruction is preferable to immediate direct urethral realignment. A review of 30 patients with urethral injuries is presented, 27 male and three female, 29 from blunt trauma and one gunshot. Initial suprapubic cystostomy alone was used in 26 male patients, 21 with prostatomembranous disruption and five with straddle injury. Prostatomembranous reconstruction in 14 complete urethral transections resulted in one residual stricture, two impotent patients, and no incontinence. Partial prostatomembranous disruption and straddle injuries had insignificant residual stricture, none requiring dilation or reconstruction. The results of this management approach appear superior to those of immediate urethral realignment. Advantages of immediate suprapubic cystostomy are: 1) simplified early approach in management, and 2) successful elective reconstruction of major prostatomembranous injuries with low incidence of stricture, impotence, and incontinence. PMID- 7218396 TI - Posterior abdominal stab wounds. AB - Selective management of 465 patients with stab wounds limited to the posterior abdomen is reviewed. Celiotomy was based primarily on clinical findings. Tenderness not localized to the area of injury and absent or rare bowel sounds best identified patients with serious injuries. Peritoneal lavage and local wound exploration were used infrequently. All fatally injured patients were operated upon or expired within 5 hours of admission. Diagnosis was delayed in three serious injuries: one retroperitoneal colon perforation, and two diaphragmatic lacerations. The colonic and one diaphragmatic injury were identified and treated successfully in the initial hospital admission. The other diaphragmatic hernia was repaired uneventfully 3 months after injury. Eight per cent of the patients never required surgery. Fourteen per cent had significant organ injury. The flank was more vulnerable than the back. The colon was the most common organ injured. Six per cent had "nonessential' celiotomies. The overall morbidity was 11%, and mortality rate, 1.1%. Selective management of posterior abdominal stab wounds is a prudent and reliable approach. PMID- 7218397 TI - A challenge to resurface major burns. AB - Ten patients with greater than 70% body surface burn from a group of 113 pediatric thermal injury admissions were studied. Of these children 70% had exision of their burn eschars by carbon dioxide laser and the remaining 30% by scalpel. Burn wounds in all these patients were covered by the expansion autograft technique in an attempt to reduce the resurfacing period in these major burn patients. Survival rate in this small group of patients was 67%. PMID- 7218399 TI - Aortic occlusion following blunt trauma of the abdomen. AB - Blunt injuries to the abdominal aorta with initial survival are rare. Two cases of blunt aortic occlusion are reported: one with acute abdominal symptoms and leg ischemia and one with delayed intermittent claudication. The first patient died 9 days postinjury with possible sepsis and bronchopneumonia. The second presented with delayed symptoms 9 years postinjury: fibrous thickening of the intima, a dense, fibrous band around the aorta and left renal vein. After a Dacron graft from the descending thoracic aorta to the external iliac arteries the patient recovered and is employed full time. PMID- 7218398 TI - Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora of burns in children. AB - Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora of burn sites in 180 children were monitored. Specimens were obtained twice a week; each patient had between one and 21 cultures taken (mean 2.4). A total of 392 specimens were collected over 2 years, of which 319 were positive. Aerobic bacteria alone were present in 225 specimens (71%) and anaerobic bacteria alone were present in 26 (8%). Mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in 68 burn specimens (21%). A total of 580 isolates (448 aerobes and 132 anaerobes) were recovered, accounting for 1.8 isolates per specimen (1.4 aerobes and 0.4 anaerobes). The predominant aerobic isolates were S. epidermidis, S. aureus, alpha hemolytic streptococcus, Pseudomonas sp., and Group D streptococcus. The predominant anaerobic isolates were: P. acnes, anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, and Bacteroides sp. Blood cultures were drawn from 45 children: four showed bacterial growth of one of each of the following isolates: S. aureus, E. coli, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, and B. fragilis. The numbers of isolates per specimen were higher in the oral and anal area (3.2 and 2.8) than in the extremities and trunk (1.8 and 0.9). Gram-negative enteric rods and Group D streptococci were more frequently recovered from the anal area. S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. acnes were more frequently recovered from extremities. Bacteroides sp. and Fusobacterium nucleatum were more frequently recovered from the anal and oral areas. All children were treated with local application of silver sulfadiazine, and antimicrobial therapy was used in 128 children. Statistical analysis showed no correlation between the bacteria isolated and use of antimicrobial agents. These data suggest a role for anaerobic bacteria in the colonization of burns in children, especially in burns of the anal and oral areas. PMID- 7218400 TI - Axillary artery injury in erect dislocation of the shoulder. AB - Two rare event occurred in one patient: luxation erecta, an unusual form of dislocation at the shoulder, and axillary artery injury, hitherto undescribed in this type of dislocation. The arterial injury consisted of rupture of the intima with secondary thrombosis and occlusion. Following resection of the contused artery and saphenous vein graft replacement normal circulation was restored. PMID- 7218401 TI - Delayed cerebral embolization of a shotgun pellet with fatal consequences. AB - A case of shotgun pellet embolization to the middle cerebral artery is presented. Embolization occurred approximately 36 hours following successful resuscitation of blood pressure, respirations, and neurologic function in a 21-year-old man who had sustained a massive chest wound. The diagnosis of pellet embolization was made within 8 hours of the onset of neurologic deficits; however, fatal cerebral infarction had occurred before surgery could be undertaken. Seven similar cases are briefly reviewed and it is concluded that low velocity and low kinetic energy missiles are more likely to embolize, and that left lower extremity injuries are more frequently involved in embolization. In all cases of shotgun trauma to the chest cerebral embolization of pellets should be considered at any sign of neurologic change and skull films obtained. Surgical intervention is necessary before cerebral infarction. PMID- 7218403 TI - The water and sanitation decade. PMID- 7218402 TI - Radial trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. AB - An unusual case of trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocation of the carpus with radial displacement in a 19-year-old man is reported. On the basis of the clinical and radiologic findings it was assumed that the tip of the radial styloid process caused the scaphoid fracture. Following closed reduction with acceptable positioning of the carpal bones, the patient has good function and slight pain, and was able to return to almost full employment about 1 year postinjury. PMID- 7218404 TI - A seroepidemiological survey in the Gezira, Sudan, with special reference to arboviruses. AB - A serological survey in the Gezira area of the Sudan confirmed that malaria and schistosomiasis were highly endemic. Of other parasitic infections amoebiasis was common but Toxoplasma was less than found in a previous survey. Poliomyelitis and measles infection were universal and there was an extremely high incidence of infection with hepatitis B. Of arboviruses infection with flaviviruses was frequent and more than with alphaviruses. PMID- 7218405 TI - An assessment of anti-schistosomal treatment on physical work capacity. AB - Acting as their own controls, village subjects from the Gezira are of the Sudan with relatively high levels of schistosomiasis infection were first tested in an exercise laboratory in Khartoum and the tests were then repeated after a period of about 1 yr during which time the subjects were treated with hycanthone and periodically monitored to ensure that they had remained free of the disease. In the meantime they were also given anti-malarial prophylaxis. Laboratory tests showed a significant improvement in physiological work capacity of up to 20% after treatment compared with untreated controls. An overall improvement in pulmonary function, particularly forced vital capacity, was observed as well as a significant increase in mean haemoglobin concentration by 1.1 g/100 ml of blood in the treated group. Apart from these improvements in physical working capacity, the treated subjects subjectively felt better after the exercise tests, as expressed by the disappearance of fatiguability. PMID- 7218406 TI - A practical, reliable method for preparing simple sugar/salt oral rehydration solution. PMID- 7218407 TI - The prevalence of sickle cell disease in Abu-AL-Khasib district of southern Iraq. AB - At attempt was made to estimate the prevalence of sickle cell disease among the primary school children in Abul-al-Khasib district of southern Iraq which is known for a relatively high prevalence. Examination of 706 children in the age group of 10 to 12 years from 10 out of 20 schools randomly chosen in four villages of Abu-al-Khasib showed an overall prevalence rate of 16% as compared to 2.5% seen in a control population of 525 children belonging to five urban schools in Basrah. Sickle cell trait was evident in 13.3% of the cases. Sickledex was used for initial testing and those showing positive sickling phenomenon were confirmed by cellulose acetate haemoglobin electrophoresis. The need for introducing early screening measures as well as marriage/genetic counselling as part of the overall health and welfare services in stressed. PMID- 7218408 TI - Fenitrothion (OMS 43) resistance in the taxon Anopheles culicifacies Giles. AB - Two colonies of the taxon Anopheles culicifacies Giles (one from Maharashtra State and one from Gujarat State, India) produced 28 and 64% mortality rates, respectively, on 1% fenitrothion for 2 hours. Six-hour exposures were required to achieve mortalities of greater than or equal to 96% in both colonies. PMID- 7218409 TI - Food antigen handling by the gut. PMID- 7218410 TI - Farmers and traders: some economic determinants of nutritional status in northern Ghana. PMID- 7218411 TI - Post-diphtheretic neuropathy in Sudanese children. PMID- 7218412 TI - Nutrition of Iban children of the Sut and Mujong Rivers. PMID- 7218413 TI - Pattern of muscle paralysis in poliomyelitis in Nigerians. PMID- 7218414 TI - Health and nutrition impact of potable water in rural Bolivia. PMID- 7218415 TI - A catch up growth chart. PMID- 7218417 TI - Ultrastructural localization of wheat germ agglutinin binding sites on the membranes of rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7218416 TI - Social and medical factors affecting the duration of breast feeding in Egypt. PMID- 7218418 TI - A correlated thin-selection freeze-fracture study on plasmalemmal and mitochondrial membrane specializations in the principal piece of spermatozoa from the chilopodan Lithobius forficatus L. PMID- 7218420 TI - Membrane systems in skeletal muscle of the lizard Anolis carolinensis. PMID- 7218419 TI - Ultrastructure of the parasite Janczewskia morimotoi and its host Laurencia nipponica (ceramiales, rhodophyta). PMID- 7218421 TI - Comparative study of rabies virus persistence in human and hamster cell lines. AB - Persistent infections by rabies virus in BHK-21/13S and HEp-2 cells were studied comparatively. No evidence of interferon production, selection of virus-resistant cells, or integration of the viral genome could be found. Persisting viruses replicated efficiently at 34, 36, and 40 degrees C. Both persistently infected cultures released defective interfering virus particles. A cyclical pattern of infection, which was not characteristic of the persistently infected HEp-2 system, was observed in persistently infected BHK cultures. The virus from persistently infected BHK cultures lost its virulence for mice, whereas the virus from persistently infected HEp-2 cultures retained mouse-killing capacity for more than 3 years. PMID- 7218422 TI - Host cell factors involved in the production of slowly sedimenting nucleocapsids in measles virus-infected cells. AB - A decrease in the sedimentation rates of the measles virus nucleocapsid, and the RNA contained within, were observed during acute measles virus infection when the growth conditions of Vero cells were altered. The change in sedimentation rates of virus nucleocapsids in these experiments was apparently due to the physiological state of the cell and was independent of the history of the measles virus used for infection since: (i) the same virus stock was used to infect cells from which nucleocapsids were prepared, (ii) nucleocapsid sedimentation rates were rapid when Vero cells freshly revived from liquid nitrogen were infected, but nucleocapsid profiles showed no decrease in the amount of slowly sedimenting material using the same cells and changing the virus preparation used for infection. Frequent cell splittings and numerous medium changes were among the growth factors which appeared to correlate to slowly sedimenting particle production. Changes in the amount of self-complementarity of the measles virus RNA were also observed under these conditions. PMID- 7218423 TI - Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro: a protein linked to the 5' end of nascent DNA strands. AB - Soluble nuclear extracts prepared from adenovirus-infected HeLa cells supported adenovirus DNA replication with exogenous DNA-protein complex as template, but protease-treated, phenol-extracted DNA was less active. Replication was enhanced when creatine phosphate and creatine phosphokinase were included in the reaction mixture, rendering the reaction independent of exogenous ATP. Genomic-length, newly synthesized DNA strands were first observed 30 min after initiation of replication and continued to increase in amount for at least 4 h. Thus, the rate of replication is consistent with previous estimates of the rate of replication in vivo. Nascent DNA strands bound to benzoylated, naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose due to their association with protein. The 5' termini of nascent DNA strands were resistant to the 5'- to 3'-specific T7 exonuclease, and the 3' termini of nascent strands were sensitive to the 3'- to 5'-specific exonuclease III. These results suggest that a protein becomes covalently linked to the 5' termini of nascent DNA strands replicated in vitro. Nuclear extracts prepared from adenovirus type 2 infected cells also supported replication of DNA-protein complex prepared from the unrelated type 7 adenovirus. The limited sequence homology between these two viruses at the origin of replication further defines recognition sequences at the origin. These results are discussed in terms of a model for adenovirus DNA replication in which the terminal protein and sequences within the inverted terminal repetition are involved in the formation of an initiation complex that is able to prime DNA replication. PMID- 7218424 TI - Biochemical, biophysical, and biological properties of densonucleosis virus (parvovirus). III. common sequences of structural proteins. AB - Densonucleosis virus cannot code for its four structural proteins if each of them has a unique sequence. The objective of the present investigation, therefore, was to establish whether: (i) the viral genome contains overlapping genes; (ii) the virus incorporates host proteins; or (iii) one of the structural proteins is a dimer. Two independent methods were employed for this purpose. First, the viral proteins, solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate, were purified after dansylation and were analyzed by peptide mapping, using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Second, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for a comparative analysis of the viral proteins solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate. It was demonstrated with both techniques that densonucleosis virus has four unique structural proteins, all with extensive sequence homologies. Moreover, all structural proteins contained intraprotein, but no interprotein, disulfide linkages. These results indicated similarities between densonucleosis virus and representatives of the two other genera of the Parvoviridae. PMID- 7218425 TI - Identification of the P proteins and other disulfide-linked and phosphorylated proteins of Newcastle disease virus. AB - A unique abundant protein, designated P by analogy to the putative polymerase proteins of other paramyxoviruses, was identified in purified Newcastle disease virus. Under nonreducing conditions the P proteins could be separated from other viral proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The P proteins were isolated from detergent-solubilized virions as 53,000- to 55,000-dalton monomers and disulfide-linked trimers. Distinct forms of P having four different isoelectric points and two different electrophoretic mobilities were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Two forms of P were phosphorylated, as were the nucleocapsid protein and non-glycosylated membrane protein. In addition to disulfide-linked forms of P, dimers of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein and two disulfide-linked versions of the fusion glycoprotein were identified. Several electrophoretic variants of the nucleocapsid protein that were probably created by intrachain disulfide bonding were also isolated from virions under nonreducing conditions. The locations of the newly identified proteins were determined by detergent-salt fractionation of virions and by surface-selective radioiodination of the viral envelope. The P proteins were associated with nucleocapsids and were not detected at the surface of virions. Both forms of the fusion glycoproteins were on the exterior of the viral envelope. Herein the properties of the P proteins are compared with similar proteins of rhabdoviruses and other paramyxoviruses, and a role for multiple forms of proteins in the genetic economy of newcastle disease virus is discussed. PMID- 7218427 TI - Genetic interactions among viruses of the Bunyamwera complex. AB - Seventy-seven temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants belonging to three antigenically distinct and geographically isolated members of the Bunyamwera complex--Batai virus, Bunyamwera virus, and Maguari virus--have been isolated after 5 fluorouracil treatment. High-frequency recombination was observed, and the mutants of each virus were classified into two groups, which were shown to be equivalent by heterologous recombination experiments. In most combinations heterologous recombination was less efficient than homologous recombination, but all crosses of group I and II mutants yielded viable recombinants. Recombination was an early event. Analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins of the wild-type viruses and recombinant clones obtained from the six possible heterologous combinations of group I and II mutants indicated that recombination occurred by reassortment of genome subunits. Group I appeared to correspond to the genome subunit coding for the N protein, and group II corresponded to the G1/G2 determinant. The G1 (or G2 or both) protein was associated with neutralization specificity and plaque diameter, and the N protein was associated with plaque opacity. Complementation was observed between two nonrecombining mutants of Maguari virus belonging to group I, which may indicate that the N genome subunit codes for an additional protein. There appeared to be no genetic barrier to exchange of genetic material between Batai, Bunyamwera, and Maguari viruses in vitro, and it is concluded that the Bunyamwera complex is potentially a single gene pool if geographical and ecological constraints are discounted. PMID- 7218428 TI - Pichinde virus L and S RNAs contain unique sequences. AB - Using oligodeoxyribonucleotides produced by limited DNase I digestion of calf thymus DNA as a primer, we synthesized complementary DNA (cDNA) from the L and the S RNAs of Pichinde virus. The reaction conditions for in vitro cDNA synthesis were optimized to allow transcription of about 90% of either L or S RNA. No significant hybridization was observed when the L cDNA was hybridized to the S RNA, or when the S cDNA was hybridized to the L RNA. The results indicate that the L and S RNAs of Pichinde virus contain unique nucleotide sequences. PMID- 7218426 TI - Noncytopathic mutants of Newcastle disease virus are defective in virus-specific RNA synthesis. AB - We have studied virus-specific RNA synthesis in cells infected by six noncytopathic (nc) mutants of the Australia-Victoria wild-type strain (AV-WT) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) (19). The rates of NDV-specific RNA synthesis in mutant infection were three to sevenfold lower than those observed in wild-type infection. Velocity sedimentation of this NDV-specific RNA revealed that the lower rates of synthesis in mutant infection correlated with reduced accumulation of 18S and 35S mRNA. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide-urea gels showed that accumulation of all of the 18S mRNA species was reduced and no new species could be detected. Primary transcription appeared unaltered in mutant infection. Cells infected with two naturally occurring avirulent strains of NDV also showed less accumulation of 18S mRNA. Electrophoresis of this RNA resulted in patterns which differed from those obtained with RNA from either AV-WT or nc mutant infection. Complementation for RNA accumulation between the nc mutants and RNA- temperature sensitive mutants of AV-WT (32) suggested a common defect in the nc mutants. Analysis of plaque-forming revertants of five of the nc mutants revealed that viral RNA synthetic capacity, cell killing, and plaque-forming ability correlated absolutely. These results suggest that viral RNA synthesis and cytopathogenicity may be causally related. In addition, several of the plaque-forming (and cell killing) revertants were found to be unable to induce fusion from within in infected cell cultures. This result, coupled with the finding that several of the nc mutants are capable of wild-type levels of fusion from within, suggests that the ability to cause such fusion does not correlate with the ability to kill cells. PMID- 7218429 TI - Frog virus 3 requires RNA polymerase II for its replication. AB - The involvement of host cell RNA polymerase II in the replication of frog virus 3 (FV 3) was examined in alpha-amanitin-sensitive or -resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in the presence and absence of alpha-amanitin. In the presence of alpha-amanitin, FV 3 replicated normally in resistant CHO cells but failed to do so in sensitive CHO cells. Synthesis of virus-specific RNAs and proteins was inhibited in sensitive cells infected in the presence of alpha-amanitin, but in alpha-amanitin-resistant cells, as expected, virus-specific protein synthesis and, by implication, virus-specific RNA synthesis were not affected by the presence of the drug. Inhibition of FV 3 replication was maximum when alpha amanitin was added to sensitive CHO cells before virus adsorption, but the drug had no effect on virus replication if added after the adsorption. These data indicate that host RNA polymerase II was required for early transcription of the FV 3 genome and confirm a nuclear requirement for FV 3 RNA synthesis (R. Goorha et al., Virology 82:34-52, 1978). PMID- 7218430 TI - In vitro synthesis of adenovirus type 5 T antigens. I. Translation of early region 1-specific rna from lytically infected cells. AB - Translation of early RNA specific for the leftmost early region 1 of adenovirus type 5 DNA in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system resulted in the synthesis of proteins with the following molecular weights: 65,000 (65K), 54K, 42 to 34K, 29K, 25K, 19K, and 18K. All of these proteins could be immunoprecipitated with hamster antitumor serum. The 42 to 34K proteins mapped in early region 1a, and those with molecular weights of 65K, 19K, and 18K mapped in early region 1b. The gene coding for the 54K protein may be localized outside of early region 1. We could not map unambiguously the 29K and 25K proteins. The identification of a 65K protein among products synthesized in vitro suggests that this protein may be identical to the 65K major T antigen present in adenovirus type 5-infected and -transformed cells, and this indicates that it is indeed encoded by the viral genome. This protein is encoded by a 23S mRNA. The other early region 1-specific proteins appear to be encoded by mRNA of approximately 13S, except for the 19K protein, which is synthesized with RNA sedimenting at both 13S and 23S. PMID- 7218431 TI - In vitro synthesis of adenovirus type 5 T antigens. II. Translation of virus specific RNA from cells transformed by fragments of adenovirus type 5 DNA. AB - Virus-specific cytoplasmic RNA was isolated from rat cell lines transformed by fragments of adenovirus type 5 DNA, and the RNAs were translated in cell-free systems derived from wheat germ or rabbit reticulocytes. RNA was isolated from cell lines transformed by the following fragments: XhoI-C (leftmost 15.5%), HindIII-G (leftmost 8%), and HpaI-E (leftmost 4.5%). In addition, the adenovirus type 5-transformed human embryonic kidney line 293.C31 was investigated. The products were immunoprecipitated with serum from tumor-bearing hamsters and analyzed by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The results show that all transformed cells investigated contain early region 1a specific RNAs which can be translated into proteins with molecular weights of 34,000 (34K), 36K, 40K, and 42K. Transformed cells that also contain an intact early region 1b synthesized RNA which can be translated into proteins with molecular weights of 19K and 65K. Minor proteins of 15K, 16K, 17.5K, 18K, 25K, and 29K were also observed, but these proteins could not be mapped unambiguously. Cells transformed by the 8% HindIII-G apparently lack RNA encoding the 65K protein, but they do contain RNA coding for the 19K protein. PMID- 7218432 TI - Glycosylation sites of influenza viral glycoproteins: characterization of tryptic glycopeptides from the A/USSR(H1N1) hemagglutinin glycoprotein. AB - Glycosylated tryptic peptides of the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of influenza A/USSR/90/77(H1N1) virus were separated by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Seven different glycosylated tryptic peptide classes were obtained from the HA1 polypeptide, and only one glycosylated peptide was obtained from the HA2 polypeptide. Several of the tryptic fragments of HA1 and the HA2 glycopeptides were sulfated. The nature of the carbohydrate chain in each of the glycosylated tryptic peptides was determined from observations of the incorporation of different sugar precursors and susceptibility to cleavage by the enzyme endoglycosidase H and by compositional analysis by gas chromatography. Such analyses showed that three types of carbohydrate chains were present in HA1 (type I [complex], type II [high mannose], and hybrid type), whereas HA2 contained only type I oligosaccharide chains. The amino acid composition of each of the glycosylated tryptic peptides was also determined. PMID- 7218433 TI - Semliki Forest virus multiplication in clones of Aedes albopictus cells. AB - A total of 115 clones of Aedes albopictus cells were examined for their response to infection with Semliki Forest virus. Virus yield and cytopathology showed a bimodal distribution. More than 68% of the clones gave low yields of virus (between 8 x 10(6) and 2 x 10(8) PFU/ml) with no discernable cytopathology, and 30% gave high yields of virus (between 1 x 10(9) and 8 x 10(9) PFU/ml) and showed moderate to severe cytopathology. To determine the level at which restriction in virus growth occurs in the low-virus-producing clones, we compared the nature and extent of several virus-directed events in selected low-virus-producing clones with the same events in high-virus-producing clones. Specifically, we compared virus-specified polypeptide synthesis, positive- and negative-strand RNA synthesis, adsorption, uncoating, and transfection with virion 42S RNA. These studies showed that whereas events before negative-strand RNA synthesis and all subsequent virus-specified events were markedly reduced in the low-virus producing lines, compared with the high-virus-producing lines. Thus, the restriction in virus growth in the low-virus-producing lines occurs at the level of synthesis of negative-strand RNA. The consequence of this restriction in an early step in the virus multiplication cycle is discussed in terms of the survival of invertebrate cells after alphavirus infection. PMID- 7218435 TI - Revised transcription map of the late region of bacteriophage T7 DNA. AB - The genes in the late region of the bacteriophage T7 genome are transcribed by a phage-specified RNA polymerase in two temporal classes (II and III). Through the use of an agarose-formaldehyde gel system that permits the resolution of high molecular-weight RNAs, transcription of template DNA that had been cut with various restriction endonucleases, and transcription of isolated restriction fragments from the class II region, six previously unreported promoters utilized by the phage RNA polymerase in vitro have been mapped between 28 and 46% of the T7 genome. No evidence could be found for the existence of a promoter at 61% that had previously been reported to give rise to a diffuse band (species I RNA) in acrylamide-agarose gels. PMID- 7218434 TI - Protein kinase activity immunoprecipitated from adenovirus infected cells by sera from tumor-bearing hamsters. AB - Earlier, we reported (N. J. Lassam, S. T. Bayley, F. L. Graham, and P. E. Branton, Nature (London) 277:241-243, 1979) detecting protein kinase activity when cytoplasmic extracts of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-infected KB cells immunoprecipitated with 14b antitumor serum directed against the transforming proteins of Ad5, were incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. Here we show that in the in vitro assay this kinase phosphorylated both the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G and polypeptide than comigrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels with the 58,000 dalton Ad5 antigen. It also phosphorylated added histone H3. Evidence is presented that the protein kinase activity found with extracts from Ad5-infected cells is not due to nonspecific trapping of cellular enzymes in immune complexes, but to an enzyme which is distinct from kinases detected at background levels in controls. Serine and threonine were the major phosphorylated amino acids, and essentially no phosphotyrosine was detected. Protein kinase activity detected in Ad12-infected cells immunoprecipitated by an antiserum derived from hamsters bearing Ad12-induced tumors appeared to be immunologically distinct from that immunoprecipitated from Ad5-infected cells by 14b serum. PMID- 7218439 TI - Percutaneous stone manipulation. AB - Percutaneous stone manipulation by direct ultrasound disintegration, extraction or chemolysis was done on 34 patients. A total of 15 patients presented with an operatively established nephrostomy, while percutaneous nephrostomy and subsequent dilation of the nephrostomy channel were done in 19. The rate of complete stone clearance was 19 of 20 stones after percutaneous nephrostomy and 8 of 16 stones in the group with an operatively established nephrostomy. The primary goal, to remove obstructing pelvic stones, was achieved in all cases. There were no untoward side effects, such as back pressure damage owing to flushing of the collecting system during ultrasound disintegration, or persistent infection. Complications in 3 patients were managed conservatively. PMID- 7218438 TI - Defective interfering particles of Sindbis virus do not interfere with the homologous virus obtained from persistently infected BHK cells but do interfere with Semliki Forest virus. AB - Defective interfering particles derived from wild-type Sindbis virus no longer interfere with the infectious virus cloned from BHK cells persistently infected with Sindbis virus for 16 months. These particles do interfere with the replication of Semliki Forest virus. PMID- 7218440 TI - Extended pyelolithotomy: the use of renal artery clamping and regional hypothermia. AB - Extended pyelolithotomy is a technique applicable for removal of most staghorn, and large pelvic and caliceal calculi. Nephrotomy incisions can be avoided in many cases. The efficiency of extended pyelolithotomy in difficult cases can be improved by renal artery occlusion combined with regional renal hypothermia. Devascularization of the kidney produces softening of the renal substance, which facilitates stone removal. The operative method is described and 5 cases are presented. PMID- 7218436 TI - Adenovirus type 2 expresses fiber in monkey-human hybrids and reconstructed cells. AB - Adenovirus type 2 protein expression was measured by indirect immunofluorescence in monkey-human hybrids and in cells reconstructed from monkey and human cell karyoplasts and cytoplasts. Monkey-human hybrid clones infected with adenovirus type 2 expressed fiber protein, whereas infected monkey cells alone did not. Hybrids constructed after the parental monkey cells were infected with adenovirus type 2 demonstrated that fiber synthesis in these cells could be rescued by fusion to uninfected human cells. Thus, human cells contain a dominant factor that acts in trans and overcomes the inability of monkey cells to synthesize fiber. Cells reconstructed from infected human karyoplasts and monkey cytoplasts expressed fiber, whereas cells reconstructed from infected monkey karyoplasts and human cytoplasts did not. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the block to adenovirus replication in monkey cells involves a nuclear event that prevents the formation of functional mRNA for some late viral proteins including fiber polypeptide. Furthermore, they suggest that the translational apparatus of monkey cells is competent to translate functional fiber mRNA synthesized in human cells. PMID- 7218437 TI - Characterization of supercoiled nucleoprotein complexes released from detergent treated vaccinia virions. AB - Treatment of vaccinia virions with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate in the absence of reducing agents resulted in the release of subviral particles termed "subnucleoids," which contained viral DNA in combination with four polypeptides with molecular weights of 90,000, 68,000, 58,000 and 10,000. Biochemical and electron microscopic studies showed that viral DNA in combination with these polypeptides was maintained in a superhelical configuration. When subnucleoids were "fixed" with glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde and then examined by electron microscopy, spherical particles were observed, in which the supercoiled DNA was folded into globular structures that were 20 to 60 nm in diameter and were interconnected by DNA-protein fibers resembling the nucleosome structures described for eucaryotic chromatin. PMID- 7218442 TI - A new technique for percutaneous nephropyelostomy. AB - Primary insertion of a large caliber catheter into the renal pelvis would provide the most favorable drainage in all cases in which urinary diversion by nephropyelostomy is indicated. Therefore, the puncture technique of Guenther and associates was modified. A specially designed balloon catheter was used to prevent dislocation. PMID- 7218441 TI - Recurrent urolithiasis following anatrophic nephrolithotomy. AB - Analysis of 18 patients who suffered recurrent urolithiasis after anatrophic nephrolithotomy is presented. These patients form a subgroup of 80 patients who underwent 100 consecutive extensive anatrophic nephrolithotomies between 1967 and 1972. Careful documentation of the 18 patients who had recurrent calculi was done in an effort to delineate the causative factors. The recurrence interval varied from less than 6 months to more than 8 years during an over-all followup period of 9.94 years. Marked differences in the characteristics between 14 male and 4 female patients were noted. In the male patients a significant relationship among recurrent staghorn calculi, anomalous urinary drainage and Pseudomonas urinary tract infections was noted. The female patients had recurrent or persistent urinary tract infections or undiagnosed metabolic problems as the primary reason for the recurrent urolithiasis. PMID- 7218443 TI - Renal oncocytoma. AB - Review of the Mayo Clinic tissue registry for the years 1950 to 1979 identified 90 cases of pure, well differentiated eosinophilic granular cell renal tumors. The clinical, laboratory, pathologic and survival features of these patients were analyzed. Fifty-nine per cent of these tumors were discovered incidentally during an examination for other problems and 91 per cent were confined within the renal capsule, with no evidence of local invasion. Sixty-two patients had grade 1 and 28 had graded 2 tumors. None of the patients with grade 1 tumors developed metastases. Four of the patients with grade 2 tumors died of metastatic disease. Survival curves show no difference in survival between patients with these renal tumors, and an age and sex matched cohort. If the term renal oncocytoma is used to signify a very well differentiated (grade 1) eosinophilic granular cell renal parenchymal tumor then this study demonstrates that renal oncocytomas are non aggressive tumors with a highly favorable prognosis. PMID- 7218445 TI - Further observations on the specific red cell adherence test: effects of radiation therapy. AB - To assess the effects of radiation therapy on the specific red cell adherence test we have evaluated 33 patients who underwent cystectomy for bladder cancer and in whom radiotherapy had been used. With this test negative tumors were found in 32 of the 33 cases. In a second series of 10 patients histologic examinations were done by biopsy before radiotherapy and by subsequent microscopic examination of the cystectomy specimen. The specific red cell adherence test results remained constant in all of these cases. These findings strongly suggest that 1) the specific red cell adherence test does remain negative after radiotherapy and 2) this test is a valuable prognosticator of the future likelihood of invasion in all patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. PMID- 7218444 TI - In vitro chemotherapeutic testing of urologic tumors. AB - We studied 20 transitional cell tumors of the bladder and 25 adenocarcinomas of the kidney in vitro to determine their chemotherapeutic sensitivity. The different sensitivity patterns among the individual tumors were demonstrated. Identical drug sensitivity patterns could be identified in the primary and metastatic sites, and in tumor tissue removed from the primary and metastatic deposits in the same patient. Human renal adenocarcinoma maintained in the athymic mouse demonstrated identical chemotherapeutic sensitivity patterns in vitro and in vivo. Our data would support that these in vitro chemotherapy studies may assist in the selection of agents to use in human tumor-bearing hosts. PMID- 7218446 TI - Use of the transpubic approach for urethroplasty in children. AB - The management of traumatic strictures of the posterior urethra in children poses several problems owing to the limitations of perineal exposure, and the small size and delicacy of the structures involved. We have used a transpubic approach in the repair of strictures of the posterior urethra in 5 children, 4 of whom had previously undergone unsuccessful attempts at repair by other routes. In 2 of the transpubic repairs a patch graft technique was used, and 3 consisted of excision and primary reanastomosis. Two repairs were accompanied by concomitant closure of a failed first-stage Turner-Warwick scrotal inlay. The transpubic approach offered excellent exposure and visualization of the involved anatomy, and facilitated accurate suture placement and tissue realignment in all 5 patients. Final results have been satisfactory in 4 patients. There have been no clinically detectable effects on gait and there have been no significant complications or morbidity associated with this approach. PMID- 7218447 TI - Perineal approach to the penile suspensory ligament during urethroplasty. AB - The simple maneuver of inverting the penis into the perineum during urethral sleeve resection and urethroplasty permits direct access to the penile suspensory ligament. Division of the ligament can then be performed under direct vision with good hemostatic control. PMID- 7218449 TI - Urethroplasty. PMID- 7218448 TI - Rupture of the bulb of the urethra: repair effectuated using a patch of human dura mater. PMID- 7218450 TI - Pathological factors that influence prognosis in stage A prostatic cancer: the influence of extent versus grade. AB - To determine the pathologic factors useful in predicting prognosis in patients with stage A prostatic cancer we studied 117 patients followed for 2 to 15 years. Since no patient was treated until progression of disease occurred we were able to correlate pathologic findings with the natural history of the disease in an untreated population of patients. In 14 patients (12 per cent) extensive local (2) or metastatic (12) disease developed. Because 12 of the 14 patients had progression of the disease within 4 years we thought than an analysis of all patients followed for 4 years would be useful. Extent and grade of disease were the 2 factors that most accurately predicted progression. No patient with a low grade lesion (Hopkins grade 1 or Gleason total score 2 to 4) had progression and only 2 per cent of patients with less than 5 per cent cancer had progression. These patients were classified as stage A1 and 60 per cent of all patients were in this category. We believe that these patients require no further therapy. Of the patients with more than 5 per cent cancer 32 per cent had progression and 17 per cent of the patients with either Hopkins grade 2 to 3 disease or Gleason total score more than 4 had progression. These patients were classified as stage A2 and their optimal management remains to be determined. PMID- 7218451 TI - Radical transurethral resection of the prostate for neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder in male paraplegics. AB - We herein report our experience with radical transurethral resection of the prostate in 50 paraplegics refractory to conventional conservative therapy, including the use of alpha-adrenolytic drugs and clean intermittent self catheterization. The operation was successful in 46 patients (92 per cent) and unsuccessful in 4 tetraplegics with complete high cervical lesions. We discuss the rationales of this procedure for neurogenic dysfunction of the bladder and present urodynamic changes in the successful and unsuccessful cases. This extensive and, yet, microsurgically anatomical resection of the urethral sphincter is recommended for all refractory paraplegics except for complete tetraplegics with high cervical lesions. PMID- 7218452 TI - The treatment of osteitis pubis with heparin. AB - We treated 7 patients with osteitis pubis by heparinization. Of the 7 patients 2 had a dramatic improvement. Small doses of heparin given routinely preoperatively and postoperatively were not found to prevent the development of osteitis pubis. In view of these results as well as the fact that there presently is no effective method of treatment of this disorder, it is considered justifiable to subject all patients with postoperative osteitis pubis to a therapeutic trial with heparinization. PMID- 7218453 TI - Urodynamics in children. Part I. Methodology. AB - We evaluated 237 children for various disorders in the urodynamic laboratory. A total of 334 studies was done, using a 6-channel recorder combined with a portable fluoroscopic unit. Simultaneous recordings of intravesical pressure, intra-abdominal pressure, urine flow rate, external urethral electromyography and cystourethrography were obtained during bladder filling and voiding. These objective tests have provided us with an insight into the nature of a variety of voiding dysfunctions in children. Details of the methods used for urodynamic testing in these children are outlined and compared to other methods that have been proposed. PMID- 7218455 TI - Flow evaluation and simultaneous external sphincter electromyography in clinical urodynamics. AB - More than 200 patients have undergone combined uroflowmetry and external sphincter electromyography studies in our urodynamic laboratories. Pediatric surface electrocardiographic electrodes placed on the perianal skin were used to monitor skeletal muscle electromyographic activity while the patient voided into a standard load-cell type of uroflowmeter. The findings indicate clearly that 1) flow electromyography is reliable and easy to perform, 2) striated muscle electromyographic activity is reduced during normal voiding, 3) external sphincter dyssynergia is rare in patients without true neurologic disease and 4) many patients, especially women, void by straining, which causes an increase in external sphincter electromyographic activity but, generally, does not impair voiding. Results of this study suggest that sphincter dyssynergia has been overdiagnosed. With the use of the flow electromyography study the behavior of the external striated muscle sphincter during voiding can be demonstrated easily and reliably in most clinical urodynamic evaluations. PMID- 7218457 TI - Detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia: a detailed electromyographic study. AB - We reviewed 54 cases of detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia following complete urodynamic evaluations. All patients had well defined neurologic lesions of the suprasacral spinal cord. On the basis of urodynamic findings 3 types of dyssynergia were encountered: type 1 (30 per cent) was characterized by a crescendo increase in electromyographic activity that reached a maximum at the peak of the detrusor contraction, type 2 (15 per cent) consisted of clonic sphincter contractions interspersed throughout the detrusor contraction and type 3 (55 per cent) was characterized by a sustained sphincter contraction that coincided with the detrusor contraction. There was no correlation between the clinical neurologic level and the type of dyssynergia. PMID- 7218456 TI - Detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia. AB - Detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia is characterized by involuntary contractions of the external urethral sphincter during detrusor contractions. A review of 550 consecutive patients who underwent urodynamic evaluation revealed that this condition was found only in patients who had involuntary detrusor contractions owing to well defined neurologic lesions of the suprasacral spinal cord. All patients with supracervical neurologic lesions had synergistic voiding patterns. We conclude that bladder-external sphincter dyssynergia is a neurologic condition owing to interruption of the spinal pathways connecting the pontine mesencephalic and the sacral micturition centers. In the absence of such a neurologic lesion one should be extremely cautious in making this diagnosis. PMID- 7218459 TI - Ureteral reimplantation without catheters. AB - We report our 3-year experience of ureteroneocystostomy without either ureteral stents or vesical catheters. There were 87 ureters repaired in 52 children. Complete followup was obtained in all cases. The operative success rate was 94.2 per cent. The postoperative complication rate was 11 per cent. None of the failures or complications seemed to be directly related to the omission of catheters. The routine omission of catheters postoperative discomfort and markedly shortened the hospital stay. PMID- 7218458 TI - Current management of iatrogenic splenic injuries in children. AB - Recent clinical observations indicate that children who have undergone splenectomy for trauma have a significantly increased incidence (about 2 per cent) of subsequent fata sepsis, particularly with pneumococcus organisms. Some protection against fatal sepsis may be afforded by immunization with the newly developed pneumococcal vaccine in children more than 2 years old or by the use of prophylactic penicillin. However, splenectomy should be avoided whenever possible. The vast majority of iatrogenic splenic injuries that occur during renal operations in children are usually minor capsular lacerations that can be managed conservatively, using suturing techniques and drainage, and do not require splenectomy. PMID- 7218454 TI - Urodynamics in children. Part II. The pseudoneurogenic bladder. AB - We evaluated 83 children for recurrent urinary infections, day and night urinary incontinence or both for more than 1 year in the urodynamic laboratory. Bladder instability and/or bladder sphincter dyssynergia was encountered in 74 children. Pharmacologic manipulation of detrusor and sphincter function and biofeedback therapy were highly successful. Routine and random urethral dilation, urethrotomy and fulguration, and/or resection of ill-defined urethral obstructions is unwarranted. Rational treatment requires individualization based upon an objective evaluation by thorough and careful urodynamic testing. PMID- 7218460 TI - Early postoperative assessment of the functional patency of ureterovesical junction following ureteroneocystostomy. AB - We studied 37 children soon after ureteroneocystostomy using diuretic radionuclide urography to assess the patency of the ureterovesical junction. Postoperative obstruction was excluded correctly in 90 per cent of the patients. Transient ureterovesical obstruction occurred in 5 patients, identification of which was useful in assigning risk and in guiding followup studies. Because it is a safe, noninvasive and relatively low radiation test the diuretic radionuclide urogram proves to be an attractive alternative to the excretory urogram in the early and late followup of patients undergoing a ureterovesical junction operation. PMID- 7218461 TI - Debility, recurrent fever, hydronephrosis and upper caliceal deformity in a 72 year-old man. PMID- 7218462 TI - Infundibulopelvic stenosis. AB - A spectrum of roentgenographically dysmorphic kidneys in 8 children is described. The clinical significance of these lesions lies in the need to differentiate them from renal malignancy and the more usual forms of hydronephrosis. It also reflects their effects on renal function, superimposed infection and poor drainage. It would appear that infundibulopelvic dysmorphism is a link in the clinical spectrum extending from cystic dysplasia of the kidney to hydronephrosis. PMID- 7218464 TI - Long-term survival of a vena caval recurrence of renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7218463 TI - Leiomyoma of the renal pelvis. PMID- 7218465 TI - End-to-end transureteroureterostomy: a report of 2 cases. AB - We report on 2 patients with extensive unilateral ureteral lesions and defunctionalized contralateral ureters who were treated by end-to-end transureteroureterostomy. Favorable results were achieved in both cases. Prolonged periods of ureteral non-function do not appear to be a contradiction to this procedure. PMID- 7218466 TI - Ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy combined with ureteral reimplantation for treatment of disease in both ureters in a child with complete ureteral duplication. AB - Recurrent urinary tract infection was seen in a 3-year-old girl with a ureterocele at the lower end of the upper segment ureter and reflux into the lower segment ureter of a duplicated kidney on the left side. We combined ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy (end-to-side anastomosis) with reimplantation of the host, single ureter into the bladder distal to the anastomosis to reduce dilatation, correct the reflux and keep the patient free of infection without medication. PMID- 7218467 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the bladder and subsequent urethral recurrence. AB - A case of leiomyosarcoma of the bladder with subsequent urethral recurrence is presented. Although it is well documented that urethral recurrence, or more likely new occurrence, is not uncommon following transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, we believe that this is the first reported instance of a sarcoma of the bladder and urethral recurrence. Therefore, management of sarcoma of the bladder might include distal urethrectomy at the time of cystoprostatectomy. PMID- 7218468 TI - Primary amyloidosis of glans penis and urethra: resection and reconstruction. PMID- 7218469 TI - Benign macro-orchidism in a pubescent boy. AB - We report on a 12 1/2-year-old boy with bilateral testicular enlargement. After an extensive evaluation we eliminated precocious puberty, hypothyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, X-linked mental retardation and bilateral malignant testicular neoplasms from consideration. Diagnosis was benign macro orchidism. The clinical and laboratory features of this condition are sufficiently distinct from the other causes of testicular enlargement to allow a diagnosis to be made without testicular biopsy or orchiectomy. PMID- 7218470 TI - Single stage repair of rectourinary fistula. AB - The treatment of 2 prostato-rectal fistulas by a single stage York Mason repair and cystostomy is described. We realize that the therapy of rectourinary fistulas should be individualized and for the ill or septic patient the 3-stage treatment including colostomy is safe and conservative. However, for the patient in good condition the 1-stage repair seems to be an effective shortcut. PMID- 7218472 TI - Idiopathic rupture of the bladder. PMID- 7218471 TI - Management of malignant hyperthermia. AB - A case of malignant hyperthermia in a young girl with vesicoureteral reflux and multiple congenital abnormalities is discussed. Malignant hyperthermia is a relatively newly defined problem that is associated with anesthesia. It is being recognized with increasing frequency, particularly in children with multiple musculoskeletal anomalies. The term itself is a misnomer. It is a drug-induced syndrome of hypermetabolism that may represent an inborn error of metabolism. Recognition, prophylaxis and crisis management are reviewed, and the use of dantrolene sodium in the care of patients with malignant hyperthermia is discussed. Because recognition of malignant hyperthermia is an important concern for the practicing urologist, the principles of identifying the patient at risk, as well as managing the crisis, should be familiar to the clinician. PMID- 7218473 TI - Schistosoma haematobium ova in semen. PMID- 7218475 TI - Vasectomy reversal. PMID- 7218474 TI - Classification of stage C carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 7218477 TI - Nitrosoureas suspected in stomach cancer. PMID- 7218476 TI - Ophthalmology aloft: teaching enters jet age. PMID- 7218478 TI - The Chlamydia epidemic. PMID- 7218479 TI - From the NIH: Sucrose polyester for reduction of body cholesterol. PMID- 7218481 TI - Mechanism of snoring. PMID- 7218480 TI - Emergency aneurysmectomy in the small hospital. PMID- 7218482 TI - Help a snorer. PMID- 7218483 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. PMID- 7218485 TI - Tricyclic overdose. PMID- 7218484 TI - Watch in the stomach. PMID- 7218486 TI - Silver stools. PMID- 7218487 TI - Simple gifts. PMID- 7218488 TI - Association of waking episodes with menopausal hot flushes. AB - To examine the possible relationship between the occurrence of menopausal hot flushes and waking episodes, a study was conducted of nine postmenopausal women with severe hot flushes and five asymptomatic premenopausal women. Measurement of simultaneous changes of finger temperature and skin resistance over the sternum was used as an objective marker of hot flushes. During cumulative sleep 47 objectively measured hot flushes occurred, and 45 were associated with a waking episode measured by polygraphic techniques. In eight of nine subjects, a significant correlation was observed between the occurrence of hot flushes and waking episodes. A similar association was not observed in premenopausal subjects. Estrogen administered to symptomatic patients resulted in significant reductions of both hot flushes and waking episodes. These data suggest the menopausal flushes are associated with a chronic sleep disturbance, and both can be improved by estrogen therapy. PMID- 7218489 TI - The natural history of retirement. Mainly good news. AB - The number of persons retiring from work early or at the "normal" age of 65 to 69 years is rapidly increasing owing to current social forces. The impact of retirement, one of life's major events, on a person's health is of particular interest for a physician counseling a patient on the advisability of retirement. Despite the common belief, held by the medical community and lay persons alike, that retirement has a profound negative impact on the health of the retired person, available scientific data indicate that retirement per se may have a positive or no effect on health. New medical philosophy and approaches to retirement are suggested after review of the literature pertaining to the relationship between health, life satisfaction, and retirement. PMID- 7218491 TI - Acting on significant laboratory results. PMID- 7218490 TI - Acute aortic thrombosis in antithrombin III deficiency. AB - Two cases of acute aortic thrombosis, a previously unreported complication of antithrombin III deficiency, are reported. Both patients had abnormally low antithrombin III levels, which improved to normal levels with warfarin ;sodium therapy. The possibility of antithrombin III deficiency should be considered in young patients with acute arterial thrombosis. PMID- 7218493 TI - A correlative study of anteroseptal asynergy and vectorcardiograpic findings in 276 cases with the lesion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. AB - Correlation of asynergies on the left ventriculogram with the transverse and frontal plane QRS loops recorded by the Frank lead system was investigated in 276 cases with a significant lesion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (luminal narrowing of 75% or more). Among the 97 cases with akinesis or dyskinesis in the anterior and/or septal segments, 84 satisfied the transverse plane VCG criteria for anterior myocardial infarction. Of the remaining 13 cases, 6 were diagnosed to have high lateral myocardial infarction based on the frontal plane VCG findings. Six of the 7 cases that were not diagnosed as having myocardial infarction evidenced concomitant akinesis in the inferoposterior segment. Of the 24 cases which had akinesis or dyskinesis localized in the apex, 10 showed a VCG pattern of anterior and/or high lateral myocardial infarction. Among 92 cases with hypokinesis in the anterior and/or septal segments, only 16 had VCG findings of anterior and/or high lateral myocardial infarction. There were no significant differences in the frequency of "bite" between these patients and the normal control group. PMID- 7218492 TI - Left ventricular performance in chronic renal failure before and after hemodialysis assessed by systolic time intervals. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine noninvasively the myocardial performance before and after hemodialysis in 40 patients of chronic renal failure. Using systolic time intervals, the following results were obtained. 1) Left ventricular ejection time was shortened significantly. The reduction of circulating blood volume estimated by the body weight change seemed to be responsible for this finding. 2) Pre-ejection period seemed to be a sensitive indicator of the left ventricular performance in hemodialysis. 3) The less the circulating blood volume, the less the suppression of cardiac performance. 4) Left ventricular function in patients without cardiomegaly was improved. 5) Left ventricular function tended to improve in the young age group. The present study demonstrated that the left ventricular performance tended to be suppressed in older age patients, in patients with cardiomegaly and in the cases with excessive removal of circulating blood volume during dialysis. The significance of noninvasively obtained left ventricular hemodynamic parameters in patients with hemodialysis was discussed. PMID- 7218494 TI - Effects of high frequency stimulation on the membrane potential of isolated ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers. AB - Effects of high frequency (HF) stimulation on membrane potential were examined in ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers, which were isolated from canine and rabbit hearts, by using microelectrode techniques. When the stimulating frequency of preparations was increased abruptly from basic frequency (BF, 0-30/min) to high frequency (HF, 60-150/min), the maximum diastolic potential (MDP) of both ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers decreased with each beat and reached a minimal value (initial depolarization). Then, MDP gradually increased beyond the steady state level at BF (hyperpolarization). On returning the stimulating frequency from HF to BF, a further terminal hyperpolarization ensued, and finally MDP decayed back (both depolarization and hyperpolarization) was apparently greater in ventricular muscle than in Purkinje fibers. A significant increase of threshold current for excitation and a slight increase of membrane input resistance were also observed at the hyperpolarized period after HF stimulation. Lowering the temperature of the perfusate from 37 degrees C (control) to 31 degrees C or 26 degrees C led to an augmentation of initial depolarization and also a decrease in the intensity of ensuing hyperpolarization. The decay time of the hyperpolarization after HF stimulation was much prolonged. In the presence of ouabain, HF stimulation caused a monotonic decline in MDP and no hyperpolarization was recorded during and after HF stimulation. These results suggest that an active ion transport through the sodium pump contributes significantly to the electrical properties of ventricular muscle as well as the Purkinje fibers when the firing rate of the fibers is abruptly changed. PMID- 7218496 TI - Angiographic changes associated with recurrent reduction of carotid and cerebral blood flow in dogs, with special reference to transient focal cerebral ischemic attacks. AB - Morphological changes associated with recurrent reduction of blood flow in the partially constricted common carotid artery and that in the ipsilateral cerebrum were examined angiographically in anesthetized beagle dogs. During the recurrent reductions of carotid flow, spasm and small and multiple defects indicating platelet aggregates or thrombi in the constricted carotid segment were observed in 8 and 5 of 20 preparations, respectively. Also, large defects indicating thrombi were observed at the outlet of the constricted segment in the other 2 preparations. During the reduction of cerebral flow, spasm was observed in the internal carotid artery and cerebral arteries in 9 and 8 preparations, respectively. Also, obstruction of the cerebral arteries with "cut-off" sign indicating emboli was observed in the other 2 preparations. The changes appeared singly or in combination. It is suggested that spasm, platelet aggregates, thrombi and/or emboli were responsible for the recurrent reduction of carotid and cerebral blood flow. PMID- 7218495 TI - Effect of intra-aortic balloon pumping and calcium antagonist for reducing coronary reperfusion injury. AB - Open heart surgery under aortic cross-clamping is often required, but coronary reperfusion injury after release of aortic cross-clamping is unavoidable irrespective of applications of various protective methods to the myocardium. The anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery of mongrel adult dogs was occluded for 2 hours and then reperfused. The protective effects of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) and of a calcium antagonist "diltiazem hydrochloride" (diltiazem) on the decreased reperfusion of ischemic, border and normal areas were examined by measuring the regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) using a radioactive microsphere method. Diltiazem could increase significantly the RMBF in the border area. IABP induced a significant increase in the RMBF of the same area more than Diltiazem, with the increase in the endocardial layer tending to be superior to that in the epicardial layer. The results suggested that diltiazem is very effective for reducing the coronary reperfusion injury. It is also suggested that IABP is even more effective than diltiazem because it increases the RMBF significantly and, moreover, has a tendency to increase the blood flow in the endocardial layer which is poor in collateral vessels and thus vulnerable to ischemia. PMID- 7218497 TI - Symposium on cardiac conduction disturbances. Structure, function and clinical significance. PMID- 7218498 TI - A histopathological study on the hypertrophy of the atrioventricular conduction system. AB - A microscopical study of the AV conduction system using a serial sectioning method, was performed on 81 autopsied hearts with blocks anywhere in the hearts without arrhythmia. Pre-blockade hypertrophy in the AV conduction system was seen in 38%, 38%, 50-58% corresponded respectively to 3 degrees AV block, 1-2 degrees AV block and bundle branch block (including left hemiblock). Post-blockade hypertrophy was also observed in 58%, 38% and 42-25% of the above mentioned types of blocks respectively. Hypertrophy anywhere in the AV conduction system was seen in 77%, 42%, 78%, 39%, 30% and 74% of the cases with blocks, sick sinus syndrome, pre-excitation syndrome, other arrhythmias, normal hearts and hypertrophied hearts without arrhythmia, respectively. Hypertrophy of the proximal AV conduction system to the bundle of His was specific for arrhythmia group, whereas hypertrophy of the bundle branches occurred in either hypertrophy without arrhythmia or in bundle branch block. Hypertrophy of the Purkinje cells was remarkable in sudden cardiac death by clinically-proved ventricular fibrillation. Incidence of sclerosis of the AV node artery was high in the arrhythmia group, especially the highest (90%) in the sudden death group. PMID- 7218500 TI - Clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiological observations of dual A-V nodal pathways. PMID- 7218499 TI - Peculiarities of AV nodal conduction and the role of slow Na current. AB - Atrioventricular (AV) conduction was studied in isolated, perfused rabbit hearts. Total AV interval was subdivided into the intraatrial, intranodal and His Purkinje conduction times. Concentrations of Ca, K and Na in the control perfusate were 2.4, 4.5 and 144.8 mM, respectively. Generalized ischemia or hypoxia almost selectively depressed intranodal conduction, engendering a second degree block. Low Ca (0.8 mM) slightly prolonged the intranodal conduction time, whereas high Ca (4.8-7.2 mM) caused a greater prolongation of this interval, often causing intranodal block. High Ca-induced depression of intranodal conduction was antagonized by high K (7.5 mM). Verapamil (0.5-1.0 mg/L) produced a second degree intranodal block. Subsequent elevation of Na concentration to 172 mM (but not high Ca) restored a 1:1 conduction. Tetrodotoxin (2-10 mg/L) did not affect, whereas low Na (108.6 mM) severely depressed intranodal conduction. These results suggest that (1) AV nodal conduction is most vulnerable to reduced oxygen supply, (2) an optimal Ca concentration for AV nodal conduction exists, (3) high K counteracts high Ca-induced depression of AV nodal conduction, and (4) slow Na current may play a major role in generating AV nodal action potentials. Voltage clamp experiments on the AV node substantiated some of these observations. PMID- 7218501 TI - Electrophysiological diagnosis of participation of accessory pathway in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. AB - Electrophysiological studies were performed on 34 patients whose reentrant circuit of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) involved normal atrioventricular (AV) conduction system as the antegrade limb and either overt (25 patients) or concealed (9 patients) accessory AV pathway as the retrograde limb. The diagnosis of this mechanism was made by one or more of the following: 1) eccentric retrograde atrial activation sequence; 2) effect of bundle branch block on ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction time; 3) paradoxically premature atrial capture; 4) atrial capture by premature ventricular stimulation of VA conduction time with retrograde during PSVT; 5) no significant prolongation of VA conduction time with retrograde atrial activation sequence to that of PSVT during incremental and premature ventricular stimulation; 6) shortening of cycle length with constant H-V and V-A intervals after atropine administration. The participation of accessory pathway in PSVT circuit should be decided by as many of the above-mentioned findings or procedures as possible for optimal therapy. Electrophysiological studies have led to the recognition that accessory pathway, functionally silent during antegrade conduction, is responsible for some patients with PSVT. If the mechanisms of PSVT were more carefully analyzed, the recognition of PSVT cases involving accessory pathway would increase. PMID- 7218502 TI - Experimental and clinical study of the pre-excitation syndrome. AB - Ventricular pre-excitation was experimentally produced in mongrel dogs. Their ECG and epicardial maps were analyzed. Forty-two cases of W-P-W syndrome were operated on between 1969 and May, 1980. The relationship between ECG, particularly the delta wave and localization and meaning of pre-operative examinations such as vectorcardiography, echocardiography, body surface mapping, intracavitary potential study, and cardiac pacing, were presented and discussed. As an intraoperative study, epicardial mapping was indispensable and was the most accurate method in determining the ACP. Endocardial potential study was another meaningful method in certain cases. Detachment of the atrium from the ventricle with an incision along the annulus and at the opposite of the pre-excitation area resulted in complete correction in 32 out of 34 cases between 1973 and May, 1980. Six cases of multiple ACPs were also corrected, although 4 needed a second operation. Indications for surgery of the W-P-W syndrome should be extended further in view of the high success and safety rate of the surgery. PMID- 7218503 TI - Experimental appraisal for diagnosis of right bundle branch block using the body surface isopotential maps. AB - This study was designed to detect reflection of epicardial breakthrough to body surface isopotential maps by recording epicardial and body surface maps simultaneously, and to estimate changes in epicardial breakthrough associated with complete and incomplete blocks induced by compression of the main stem of the right bundle branch of trans-sectioning of the lateral branches. In the control, epicardial breakthrough appearing on the right ventricular surface was well detected on the body surface maps as a bend of isopotential lines localized at the mid sternum at 11.5 +/- 1.6 msec (n = 5) after QRS initiation. At complete block immediately after compression of the main stem, the localized bend shifted inferiorly to the left at 17.8 +/- 1.8 msec (n = 5) after QRS initiation, suggesting appearance of the left ventricular epicardial breakthrough. With progression of recovery from the compression, in addition to epicardial breakthrough on the left ventricle, the breakthrough on the right ventricle became detectable again with a delay of 5 msec, and then the former was faded away as time progressed. After trans-sectioning of the lateral branches, sequential changes in the body surface maps were almost the same as in complete block of the main stem but they lapsed about 43 msec (n = 5) shorter in comparison with the complete block. In conclusion, detection of the localized bend of the isopotential lines on the body surface can provide diagnosis of the site and degree of the right bundle branch block in detail. PMID- 7218504 TI - Reassessment of the subdivision block of the left bundle branch. PMID- 7218506 TI - [The effect of intravenous lidocaine on myocardial contractility during halothane anesthesia in man--a study by non-invasive measurement of left ventricular systolic time intervals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218505 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias in acute coronary artery ligation in dogs: electrophysiological mechanism and its relation to the severity of myocardial ischemia. AB - Analysis of conduction characteristics within the ischemic myocardium and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias for the first 30 minutes of coronary artery ligation identified two phases of ventricular arrhythmias with different electrophysiological mechanisms. The first phase appearing during 2-10 minutes (immediate ventricular arrhythmias: IVA) was closely related to the degree of epicardial delay and thus considered to be initiated by reentry within the ischemic epicardial zone. In contrast, the second or delayed phase (12-30 minutes, delayed ventricular arrhythmias: DVA) of ventricular arrhythmias appearing independently from epicardial delay was suggested to originate from the subendocardial Purkinje network, since endocardial activation of the ischemic zone consistently preceded the QRS complexes of ventricular arrhythmias. Measurements of myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents demonstrated that in animals developing a profound myocardial ischemia by 3-5 minutes, epicardial delay was not observed and thereby IVA was not initiated. In contrast, epicardial delay and IVA were associated with a significant, but milder or slower ischemic process. At the time of DVA, myocardial ATP contents were at extremely low levels for both groups with and without DVA, supporting the concept that DVA is not originated from the ischemic myocardial cells, but from Purkinje fibers depressed secondarily by surrounding ischemic myocardial cells. PMID- 7218507 TI - [The duration of neuromuscular blockade with non-depolarizing muscle relaxants in anephric rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218509 TI - [Measurement of intrapulmonary shunt by SF6 retention rate. Part 1. Experimental study on dogs with normal lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218510 TI - [The effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) under hypoxic environment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218508 TI - [Release of thromboxane A2 during hemorrhagic shock (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218512 TI - [Midazolam maleate (RO 21-3981) for induction of anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218513 TI - [Correction of severe metabolic alkalosis in critically ill patients by administration of acetazolamide--study of acetazolamide on urinary excretion of electrolyte (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218511 TI - [Evaluation of analgesic and sedative effects of a new analgesic, buprenorphine: comparison of intravenous buprenorphine and pentazocine during the immediate post operative period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218515 TI - [Anesthesia for a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage early after myocardial infarction (author's transl]. PMID- 7218517 TI - [Clinical and laboratory studies on cefoxitin in the field of digestive system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218516 TI - [Treatment of infection in the patients wih hematopoietic malignancy with ceftezole (Falomesin) (author's transl)]. AB - Ceftezole (CTZ) was administered to 20 patients with hematopoietic malignancy complicated with infections. These patients consisted of 7 cases of AML, 2 ALL, 2 AMMoL, 1 APL, 1 blast crisis of CML, 2 HD, and 5 NHL. In 13 cases, sites of infection were determined and causative organisms were identified. In other 7 cases, sites of infection or causative organisms were unknown. In the former 13 cases, pneumonia was demonstrated in 6 patients, tonsillitis in 4 patients, pyelonephritis in 2 patients and sepsis in 1 patient. Klebsiella was separated from 5 patients as the causative organisms, E. coli from 2 patients, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 1 patient, Pseudomonas cepacia from 1 patient, Streptococcus viridans from 2 patients, Proteus from 1 patient and Torulopsis from 1 patient. Gram-negative rods were separated from 10 of the 13 cases (77%) as the causative organisms. CTZ was administered intravenously in dose from 4 g to 16 g per day combined with other antibiotics (AMK, GM, DKB, TOB, SBPC, CBPC, LC, ST). The response rate in 12 cases of acute leukemia and in 7 cases of malignant lymphoma was 58% and 43%, respectively. Infections occurred in 4 patients with less than 100 neutrophil per mm3 did never favorably responded even with CTZ. PMID- 7218514 TI - [Effect of long term anesthesia and surgery on endocrine function in a patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218518 TI - A clinicopathological study on valvular diseases in 1,000 consecutive autopsy of the aged. PMID- 7218520 TI - A new radiopaque surgical suture. AB - We have developed a new X-ray visible suture. It is a polyester suture containing platinum wires. The radiopaque suture was used clinically in 43 cases, and was useful in the following situations: (1) as a marker for post-operative angiography (post-operative graft angiography of aorto-coronary bypass or Brockenbrough's method), (2) as a marker for evaluation of valve reconstructive surgery or surgery of intracardiac anomalies, and (3) as a guideline for second radical repair after primary operation. PMID- 7218519 TI - Dual atrioventricular nodal pathways in children without supraventricular tachycardia. AB - Atrioventricular conduction characteristics were examined by atrial extrastimulus technique in 45 children aged 50 days to 14 years following diagnostic cardiac catheterization. None of the patients had a history of supraventricular tachycardia and none had evidence of pre-excitation on routine electrocardiogram. By plotting the A2H2 and H1H2 intervals against corresponding S1S2 intervals 2 types of conduction curve were obtained. Eight of the 45 children (17.7%) showed discontinuous conduction curves, characteristic of dual atrioventricular nodal pathways, whereas 37 patients had continuous curves. Of the 8 patients with discontinuous curves 3 showed unsustained echo beats following extrastimuli, after the effective refractory period of the fast pathway was reached. This study showed that, as in adults, the atrioventricular node was frequently functionally dissociated in children. PMID- 7218521 TI - Dissociation of end ejection from end systole of ventricle. AB - Previous experiments showed the cases in which end ejection of the ventricle did not always coincide with end systole as identified by the time for Emax corresponding to the maximally contracted pressure-volume relationship line of the ventricle. The purpose of the present study is to obtain a better insight into the ventricular afterloading conditions that enable end ejection to coincide with end systole of the ventricle by a simulation method. The left ventricle was simulated by a time-varying elastance, E(t), and the afterload by a constant pressure connected to the ventricle via a valve with resistance R and inertance L in series. A sinusoidal wave starting from 0 at onset of systole, reaching Emax at end systole, and returning to 0 at end diastole in each cycle was assigned for E(t). Parameters of the system elements were changed individually. Ventricular pressure, volume and flow were computed by solving the system of ordinary differential equations with a time-varying parameter, E(t). Results indicate that end ejection coincides with end systole only when R and L values fall on a specific curve in an R-L domain for a given set of the other system parameters, and otherwise the 2 ends variably dissociate from each other. Consequently, end ejection should not blindly be used as a substitute for end systole when Emax and end-systolic pressure-volume relations are to be assessed. PMID- 7218522 TI - Experimental production of poststenotic dilatation in the carotid arteries of rabbits. AB - Arterial dilatation distal to a stenosis has been known as poststenotic dilatation (PSD). This paper describes arterial constriction enough to produce PSD, time course of PSD, structural changes of the dilated segments and influence of hypertension on the development of PSD. These problems were studied in 2 experimental protocols. In protocol I, 87 carotid arteries of 45 rabbits were constricted by silver clip of 0.65 to 2.0 mm in diameter. The arterial diameter was measured at the sites both proximal and distal to the constriction after 3 days to 8 weeks. In protocol II, 22 carotid arteries of 12 rabbits with experimental one-or two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension were constricted and the development of PSD was compared with age matched controls. Remarkable PSD developed in arteries with moderate stenosis of 45 to 60% constriction. The degree of dilatation expressed as ratio of distal to proximal diameter reached about 1.5 at the end of the second week and remained unchanged thereafter. Destruction of the elastic fibers with intimal hyperplasia was observed in the dilated segments even at the early stages of the PSD. Both mild and severe stenosis failed to produce prominent PSD. In protocol II, the PSD averaged 1.18 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SE) in hypertensive, and 1.32 +/- 0.03 in normotensive animals (p less than 0.05). The result suggests that chronic hypertension decreases the distensibility of the arteries. PMID- 7218523 TI - A possible mechanism of reciprocating tachycardia initiated by critical shortening of the atrial cycle length in concealed Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Report of a case. AB - Reciprocating tachycardia in a patient with concealed septal accessory pathway is described. His arrhythmia is characterized by incessant form of tachycardia which is not initiated by a triggering extrasystole but by critical shortening of P-P interval. Electrophysiological studies showed that the occurrence of the reciprocating tachycardia was dependent on atrial pacing rate. By comparing effective refractory period of the atrium, retrograde effective refractory period of the accessory pathway, the conduction time over the reentrant circuit and the difference of conduction time via normal conduction system and via the accessory pathway to the ventricular end of the accessory pathway, it was found that an atrial echo was elicited only at atrial pacing rates at which the difference of conduction times to the ventricular end of the accessory pathway was greater than the effective refractory period of retrograde accessory pathway. These observations suggest that the initiation of the tachycardia in this patient is related to a critical antegrade conduction delay necessary for complete recovery of the ventricular end of the accessory pathway from the preceding antegrade depolarization. PMID- 7218524 TI - Clinicopathologic aspects of ischemic heart disease in the elderly. PMID- 7218525 TI - Papillary muscle hypertrophy in chronic rheumatic mitral valve stenosis. A clinicopathologic study. AB - A quantitative pathologic study was performed on papillary muscles in 15 cases of chronic rheumatic mitral stenosis. The papillary muscles were grossly hypertrophied as compared with papillary muscles in 10 normal specimens. Hypertrophy of papillary muscles was associated with pronounced fibrosis. Angiographically, these hearts were remarkable in small left ventricular cavity with almost complete cavity elimination at end systole. Left ventricular wall dyskinesia was also present. It is probable that derangement of the mitral valve structure due to rheumatic process leads to more stress on the supporting elements, thus resulting in papillary muscle hypertrophy. PMID- 7218526 TI - [Esophageal ulcer: classification due to x-ray findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218528 TI - [A case of eosinophilic granuloma of the calvarium and the diagnostic value of the bone scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218527 TI - [Gastric and duodenal ulcer in infancy and childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218529 TI - [Roentgenographic appearance of the gastric mucosal tear developing during endoscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218530 TI - [A case report of cancer associated within tuberculosis of the colon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218531 TI - [A case of Crohn's disease with interesting findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218533 TI - [Cystic adventitial degeneration of the popliteal artery--case report and the angiographic findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218532 TI - [Avascular papillary adenocarcinoma of the kidney: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218534 TI - [Present condition and trend of the radiotherapy in a regional cancer center]. PMID- 7218535 TI - [Reports and files using mini-computer system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218536 TI - [Evaluation of risk due to medical irradiation]. PMID- 7218537 TI - [Necrotizing enterocolitis and Wilson-Mikity syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218538 TI - [Malignant soft tissue tumor]. PMID- 7218539 TI - [Therapeutic embolization of the bronchial arteries in hemoptysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218540 TI - [Transcatheter arterial embolization: application to renal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218541 TI - [Microchemoembolization with mitomycin C microcapsules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218542 TI - [Control of massive urinary tract hemorrhage by transcatheter arterial embolization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218543 TI - [Artificial embolization for intracranial meningiomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218544 TI - [Interstitial pneumonia]. PMID- 7218545 TI - [A study on mercury exposure monitoring--comparison of environmental monitoring and personal monitoring (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218546 TI - [Experimental study on biological effect of cadmium--cadmium distribution in teeth and various viscera of dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218547 TI - [A study on age-adjusted relative frequency--comparison with age-adjusted death rate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218549 TI - [Studies on pharmacokinetics of arsenicals in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218548 TI - [Cadmium-induced anemia in relation to cadmium and iron in organs and vitamin D deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218550 TI - Haptoglobin polymorphism in the Middle East. PMID- 7218551 TI - Analysis of multiple births in Japan. II. Weight at birth of triplets and quadruplets. PMID- 7218552 TI - Analysis of multiple births in Japan. III. Analysis of factors affecting birth weight of twins and triplets. PMID- 7218553 TI - Analysis of multiple birth rates in Japan. IV. Secular trend, effect of maternal age and gestational age in stillbirth rates of triplets. PMID- 7218554 TI - Colchicine-induced abnormal meiotic chromosomal segregation in primary oocytes of the Chinese hamster. Part I. Nondisjunction. PMID- 7218555 TI - Colchicine-induced abnormal meiotic chromosomal segregation in primary oocytes of the Chinese hamster. Part II. Anaphase lagging. PMID- 7218556 TI - Puretic syndrome--gingival fibromatosis with hyaline fibromas. PMID- 7218557 TI - [Report of the Committee on the Education of Human Genetics in medical curricula. The Japan Society of Human Genetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218558 TI - [Electrical safety and reliability of health care facilities equipped with class I equipments--safety limit for occurrence of single-fault conditions and its maintenance--(author's transl)]. PMID- 7218560 TI - [Simulation of the electrical field problems in the human body by the finite element method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218559 TI - [Development of Statistical Package for Medical Science, SPMS (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218561 TI - [Multifunctional hand prosthesis control methods using EMG signals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218562 TI - [Gaze control using tongue push movement in cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218563 TI - [Microcirculation and substance exchange through it - methods and basic informations - (I) Microcirculatory structure and flow--their vital microscopic outlines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218565 TI - [An automated blood cell pattern classifier (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218566 TI - [An approach to the quantitative estimation of the Achilles tendon reflex using an accelerometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218567 TI - [A neural network model of spinal cord dorsal horn neurons related to pain mechanisms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218564 TI - [Analysis of coordinated finger tapping with both hands by phase transition curves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218569 TI - [Development of an automatic phonocardiographic pattern recognition system]. PMID- 7218568 TI - [Microcirculation and substance exchange through it--methods and basic informations---(3). Oxygen exchange (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218570 TI - [Adaptation of ultrasonic echocardiography with a videotape recorder to minicomputer system]. PMID- 7218571 TI - [Multivariate analysis of blood biochemical data in the animals with artificial heart replacement for an extended period]. PMID- 7218572 TI - [Labor monitoring device, 2J11]. PMID- 7218574 TI - Inactivation and reactivation of 20-hydroxyecdysone during pupal-adult development of the fleshfly, Sarcophaga peregrina. AB - The inactivation process of ecdysteroids during pupal-adult development of the fleshfly, Sarcophaga peregrina, was analyzed by following injected 3H-20 hydroxyecdysone, 20-Hydoxyecdysone was rapidly metabolized and converted mostly into three groups of metabolites, one of which was closely related to 20 hydroxyecdysone in its chemical nature and the other two were polar conjugates of 20-hydroxyecdysone (OA and OB). The first group of metabolites decreased through the first day after injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone, and began to increase thereafter. Those of conjugates OA and OB increased through the first day after the injection and then began to decrease. The conjugate OA introduced into phraate pupae changes to less polar substances, liberating 20-hydroxyecdysone at the beginning of adult development. Since the conjugates OA and OB did not exhibit any appreciable moulting hormone activity, we consider that some part of 20-hydroxyecdysone synthesized during larval-pupal development is stored as conjugate forms until the beginning of adult development, and that the conjugate OA is converted to 20-hydroxyecdysone for adult development. PMID- 7218573 TI - [Consecutive analyzers of urinary volume and specific gravity, UVM-201 and SGM 201]. PMID- 7218575 TI - Enhancement by lead acetate of body weight-decreasing activity of endotoxin: quantitative comparisons of some administration methods of lead acetate. AB - The body weight-decreasing effect of sublethal doses of endotoxin was enhanced in mice administered with such an amount of lead acetate that had no effect by itself on body weight. The enhancing effects of administration of lead acetate prior to, simultaneously with and after endotoxin administration were analyzed and compared by statistical methods. Linear dose-response relation between logarithmic doses of endotoxin and body weight-decreasing responses was obtained over a wide range of endotoxin doses with a constant dose of lead acetate. The non-parallelism between two dose-response lines obtained in lead acetate-treated and control mice was not denied. The relation of the two lines indicated that the more minute the dose of endotoxin, the more intense the enhancing effect of lead acetate appearing in the treated mice within certain limits of minute doses of endotoxin. These results were common in the three administration methods of lead acetate and can be applied to detection of minute doses of endotoxin. It was suggested that the pre-administration method of lead acetate was more suitable for detection of endotoxin than the other methods. PMID- 7218576 TI - Enterotoxicity of group F vibrios. AB - Recently a group of organisms resembling Aeromonas hydrophila has been isolated from human diarrheal cases from marine and estuarine environment. These organisms are tentatively designated as group "F" vibrios. Live cells of 23 strains isolated from different sources were tested for their enterotoxicity in the adult rabbit ileal loop model. All but two caused fluid accumulation comparable to that obtained with Vibrio cholerae 569B. An inoculum of 10(4) viable bacteria could give rise to gut loop reaction. Culture filtrates of the 19 strains tested including one giving negative reaction with live cells also caused accumulation of fluid in loops. PMID- 7218577 TI - Cross antigenicities of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni Shibaura strain for preparing biological products in Japan. AB - Cross protective antigenicities of Leptospira were studied with 16 antisera to 13 serovars of Leptospira interrogans and a virulent strains "Shibaura (V)", which is now considered to belong to serovar copenhageni, for challenge. The antisera of the rabbits highly immunized with various serovar live antigens were examined for leptospiricidal activity; cross immunity was recognized only in the same serogroup, Icterohaemorrhagiae. Serovar icterohaemorrhagiae lacks a prt of the antigenic components of copenhageni, but the antiserum to the former showed potent leptospiricidal activity to Shibaura (V). Anti-copenhageni immune serum absorbed with the icterohaemorrhagiae antigen did not show any protective activity to Shibaura (V). PMID- 7218578 TI - [The treatment of 10 cases of paraquat poisoning using charcoal haemoperfusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218579 TI - [The effects of hen-egg lysozyme on Masugi nephritis and aminonucleoside nephropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218581 TI - [Effects of ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218580 TI - [A case of idiopathic Fanconi syndrome without cystinosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218582 TI - [Anticoagulant therapy in combination with pulse therapy--about 12 nephritic patients with nephrotic syndrome-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218583 TI - [Alteration in furosemide metabolism in renal failure rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218584 TI - [Evaluation of clinical efficiency in medical imaging. (II). ROC analysis and diagnostic decision]. PMID- 7218585 TI - [Clinical studies on the thallium-201 myocardial scintiphotography in the patients with ischemic heart diseases: studies in organ distribution of thallium 201 and in the measurement of myocardial blood flow (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218587 TI - [Evaluation of osteolytic lesion by dynamic bone scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218588 TI - [Electrophoretic studies on serum protein binding of radiopharmaceuticals for hepatobiliary scan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218586 TI - [Clinical evaluation of "cold" lesion on bone scintigraphy: concerning metastatic bone tumour (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218589 TI - [Clinical evaluation of segmental wall motion by radionuclide cardioangiography in the patients with myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218590 TI - Dipyridamole-loading myocardial imaging with thallium: basic investigation of its usefulness. PMID- 7218591 TI - [Evaluation of Tc-99m-HSA millimicrospheres as a liver imaging agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218592 TI - [Evaluation of a solid-phase radioimmunoassay kit for free thyroxine, GammaCoat FT4 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218593 TI - [Basic and clinical studies on Tc-99m-millimicrosphered albumin as a liver imaging agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218594 TI - Surgical treatment of transposition of the great arteries. AB - Between 1974 and 1979 171 patients with d-TGA were treated surgically, 109 had correcting operations. 77 patients with simple TGA had hemodynamic correction by atrial inversion techniques. 30 day survival rate was 96%. There were 3 late deaths. One patient had reoperation for superior vena cava obstruction. The methods of diagnosis, indication of surgery and the surgical procedure are described. Results of the Mustard technique (33 patients) technique in infants less than 2 years of age with simple TGA. Mortality was one patient in each group. The incidence of arrhythmia was greater with the senning technique. Better growth potential of the atria with the Senning technique warrants further use of this method. PMID- 7218596 TI - Enhancement of cooling and rewarming by a jet water system in surface-induced deep hypothermia. AB - To shorten the time of cooling and rewarming in surface-induced deep hypothermia, we devised a jet water system for hypothermia which was constructed within the water bath of the operating-table. In the clinical applications for open heart surgery under surface-induced deep hypothermia, we found that the time required for cooling and rewarming, particularly the later, was significantly reduced without any adverse effects. PMID- 7218595 TI - Myocardial protection of only the left coronary artery perfusion in patients with isolated aortic valve replacement. AB - Effectiveness of only left coronary perfusion on myocardial protection was assessed by measuring serially cardiac functions such as cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), left ventricular minute work index (LVWI) and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) in 22 consecutive patients with isolated, scheduled aortic valve replacement. The cardiac functions were determined 2,4 and 6 hours after open heart surgery. Correlation coefficients(r) between coronary perfusion time and the cardiac functions were less than 0.23, such being statistically insignificant. SI and LVSWI were in statistically significant inverse correlation to the preoperative NYHA classification and extracorporeal circulation(ECC) time for 4 hours following open heart surgery, and CI and LVWI for 2 hours. The correlation coefficients were highest at the 2nd postoperative hour and then decreased with passage of time. Therefore, the cardiac dysfunctions occurring in the postoperative period correlated either to the preoperative NYHA classification or ECC time, or both. It does, however, seem likely that the dysfunctions were correlated to ECC time as the recovery time of 4 hours from the dysfunction is too short for preoperatively existing dysfunction. Therefore, it was concluded that the continuous perfusion of only the left coronary artery was not the determinant factor of the postoperative dysfunctions and that the ECC time afforded detrimental effects, although such continued for 4 hours in terms of SI and LVSWI, and 2 hours in term of CI and LVWI. PMID- 7218597 TI - Safe limit of hemodilution in cardiopulmonary bypass -comparative analysis between cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease. AB - A safe limit of hemodilution in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for open heart surgery was investigated by analyzing of the perfusion results of 100 patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and ventricular septal defect (VSD). The higher perfusion flow was necessary to compensate for the reduced oxygen carrying capacity and to maintain adequate arterial pressure in proportion to the increase in hemodilution. Once the dilution ratio reached over 40% in TOF and 50% in VSD, however, adequate oxygen transfer and stable hemodynamic conditions could not be maintained. The former was due to inadequate oxygen delivery and the latter to an impaired venous return. In these cases, various complications caused by residual diluent in the body space despite of extensive diuretic therapy occurred immediately postop. The safe limit of hemodilution is 50%. However, that of cyanotic disease, even in the presence of remarkable polycythemia, must be limited to less than 40%. PMID- 7218598 TI - Immunomorphologic study of regional lymph nodes in cancer: response of regional lymph node cells from gastric and colorectal cancer to PHA stimulation. AB - To obtain information regarding the immunologic capacity of uninvolved regional lymph nodes (RLNs) draining tumor, the in vitro response of regional lymph node cells (RLNCs) to PHA was investigated in lymph nodes from 55 patients with gastric or colorectal cancer, and gastric ulcer. Evaluation of data relative to cancer progress demonstrated that, in gastric cancer patients, the response of stimulated RLNCs from patients with middle stage carcinoma was significantly higher compared with those of cells from patients with early or late stage carcinoma, such being similar to the response of RLNCs from control patients with gastric ulcer. The results from colorectal cancer patients were also similar to those from patients with gastric cancer. Our results suggest that RLNs without metastasis contain cells capable of responding to PHA despite the presence of growing tumors in these cancer patients. In the results of PHA stimulation in relation to the lymph node morphology, we observed in both groups of patients with gastric or colorectal cancer that, regardless of the extent of the cancer lymph nodes with lymphocyte predominance there was a high PHA response while lymph nodes with lymphocyte depletion and unstimulated nodes exhibited a low PHA response. These results show a close relationship between this lymph node morphology and immunologic status of nodes. PMID- 7218599 TI - Clinical studies on the transabdominal resection of esophagocardial cancer and cervical anastomosis using a by-pass method obviating thoracotomy. AB - Transabdominal resection of esophagocardial cancer and reestablishment of alimentary continuity using a by-pass method with gastric tube or colonic segment have been performed in 40 patients including 5 with squamous cell carcinoma. Of 40, 4 cases were at stage II, 8 cases at stage III and 28 cases at stage IV. Major factors which determined the stage were peritoneal dissemination and serosal invasion in the stage IV patients. The removal of the lesion was performed curatively in 13 (33%). Major complications in the post-operative course were the leakage of anastomosis and respiratory failure. Nine of 40 cases (23%) were combined with minor leakage at the cervical anastomosis, but such did not interfere with the resumption of oral ingestion of food. The 3 year survival rate was 46% in the cases of stages (II + III) and 16% in the cases of stage IV, indicating moderately high rates as compared with that in cases of cancer located in the upper third of the stomach with the limited proximal extension within the esophagocardial junction. PMID- 7218600 TI - Thymoma: clinicopathologic features, therapy, and prognosis. AB - We have treated 40 patients with thymoma. All the 18 with benign thymoma were treated with resection alone and none had a tumor recurrence or died from disease related causes. Postoperative survival in this group ranged from 2 months to 14 years. Of the 22 patients with malignant thymoma, 2 underwent total resection, 10 partial resection and 10 were non-resectable. Fifteen of the 20 patients with non resectable and partially excised thymomas were given radiotherapy. The cumulative 5- and 10-year survival rate of irradiation treated patients was 45.6%, and 34.4%, respectively. Of 6 non-irradiated patients, only one who underwent complete excision of tumors survived for more than 10 years, and 5 died within 3 years after treatment. Based on our findings we suggest that all patients with malignant thymoma, irrespective of the extent of surgical treatment, should be given postoperative irradiation. PMID- 7218601 TI - Long-term results of reconstructive surgery for aorto-iliac arterial occlusive lesions. AB - We report a review of 215 reconstructions for aorto-iliac arterial occlusive lesions, involving 156 patients. At 13 years, the cumulative patency rate of 158 aorto-femoral or aorto-iliac dacron synthetic bypass prostheses was 71.6 per cent as compared to 52.7 per cent at 5 years for 22 blunt endarterectomies and 47.4 per cent at 6 years for 35 axillo-femoral bypass prostheses. Of the 158 synthetic bypass prostheses, the cumulative patency rate at 13 years was 85.1 per cent in cases with no occlusive involvement of the peripheral arteries, significantly higher (p less than 0.03) than the 39.3 per cent patency rate at 7 years in cases in which associated femoro-popliteal occlusive lesions were not treated. At 12 years, the patency rate was 53.2 per cent in cases in which associated femoro popliteal occlusive lesions were treated during the same reconstructive intervention, i.e. markedly higher (p less than 0.08) than in patients in whom the degree of outflow in the distal vessels was poor. Our findings indicated that, in order to achieve a satisfactory long-term patency rate, it is important to treat associated occulusive lesions in the femoro-popliteal arteries. PMID- 7218602 TI - Long-term results of reconstructive surgery for femoro-popliteal arterial occlusive lesions. AB - A retrospective review of 156 reconstructions performed for femoro-popliteal arterial occlusive lesions in 141 patients was carried out in terms of the reconstructive procedure and the degree of out-flow in the distal vessel. The cumulative patency rate for 95 autogenous vein grafts was 60.7 per cent at 12 years and higher than the 27.4% patency rate for 50 endarterectomies (p less than 0.001). All of 11 synthetic bypass prostheses failed with late thrombosis within 3 years after operation. The cumulative patency rate in cases with good distal run-off vessel and those with fair distal run-off vessel were 77.1% at 11 years and 57.3% at 12 years, respectively, and these values were significantly superior to 10.3% in cases with poor distal run-off vessel. The patency rate for 41 in situ grafts was 72.2%, being superior to 65.5% for 42 free grafts. PMID- 7218603 TI - Leiomyoma of the left posterior tibial artery: a case report. AB - A case of leiomyoma of the left posterior tibial artery is presented. This tumor produced aneurysmal dilatation of the artery and was treated successfully by surgery. This may be the first documented case of a benign smooth muscle tumor, although nearly 100 leiomyosarcomas arising from large arteries and veins have been described in the literature. PMID- 7218604 TI - Experimental production of pigment gallstones in rats -with special reference to the effects of diet. AB - We attempted to produce experimental gallstones in rats by inducing incomplete obstruction of the terminal common bile duct under conditions of a low protein diet and rat chow, and we then studied the influence of each diet on the gallstone formation. The incidence of dilatation of the common bile duct in the low protein group was significantly higher than in the rat chow group. Two of 13 rats with a dilated common bile duct after a low protein diet had pigment gallstones. Histological examination of the common bile ducts showed that the gallstones included an extensive cholangitis. It is thus concluded that bile stasis and infection are important factors in the formation of pigment gallstone, and a low protein diet plays a considerable role as a predisposing factor. PMID- 7218605 TI - Abnormalities in maximum flow volume curve and closing volume in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. AB - Pulmonary functions were measured in 53 patients with hepatic cirrhosis in whom there was no clinical or radiographic evidence of pulmonary involvement. Spirometric tests such as total lung capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, residual volume and forced expiratory volume during one second were within normal ranges, in all subjects. Flow volume curve and closing volume tests, however, were abnormal in the majority. The maximal expiratory flow at 50 per cent of vital capacity was not altered but the maximal expiratory flow at 25 percent of vital capacity was decreased significantly in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. The closing volume in patients with hepatic cirrhosis was also significantly increased. The abnormalities in flow volume curve and closing volume curve were also demonstrated in non-smokers, and at any age, in cases of hepatic cirrhosis. These results suggested that the narrowing or closure in small airways may occur in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. These changes may be due to mechanical compression of small airways but interstitial edema which was induced by presence in the circulating blood of vasoactive substances and endotoxins. PMID- 7218606 TI - Biopsy of the breast. AB - A study on surgical biopsy for treatment of breast cancer was done by sending out questionnaires to membership institutions of the Japan Mammary Cancer Society. The problems related to diagnostic biopsy of the breast mainly concern the following two points; the first is the methodology, incisional or excisional, the second, whether delay between biopsy and radical mastectomy influences survival. The prognostic features in patients with excisional biopsy were significantly superior. The prognostic features in patients with excisional biopsy were significantly superior. As for the lapse of time between biopsy and radical mastectomy, 14 days were considered safe, and under conditions such as T2 or n0, this maximum was 7 days. PMID- 7218607 TI - Clinicopathological analysis of the intestinal type and diffuse type of gastric carcinoma. AB - A clinicopathological study of gastric carcinoma was carried out according to Lauren's classification, on 207 patients, who underwent gastric resection at Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University, Faculty of Medicine from 1970 to 1972. Among them 93 cases (44.9%) were of intestinal-type carcinoma, 71 (34.3%) of diffuse carcinoma and 43 (20.8%) of other types. Intestinal-type carcinoma, often showing the protuberant type, was more common in the aged and in men. Most had a low grade of penetration, while in some, the penetration was moderate to high grade and was associated with lymph node metastasis, lymphatic and vascular involvement, or liver metastasis. Hematogenous recurrence was not infrequent. Diffuse carcinoma was more common in younger subjects and women, and was often of the depressed type. The serosa was involved in most cases. High grade penetration was associated with lymphatic permeation. Metastasis via the bloodstream was infrequent. Recurrence was often due to peritoneal dissemination. A better prognosis was indicated in cases of diffuse carcinoma with no serosal involvement, while prognosis in cases of invasion of the serosa was worse for diffuse carcinoma than for intestinal-type carcinoma. PMID- 7218608 TI - Venous permeation of colorectal carcinoma. AB - Two hundred and fifty-six tumors of carcinoma of the colon and rectum which had been surgically removed five or more years previously, and preserved in paraffin blocks, were examined for venous invasion using both routine hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) and by special stain for elastic fibers. In all these samples, 156 (61%) showed histological evidence of venous invasion and such was most frequently seen in the submucosa, followed by the subserosa or the perirectal fat. Since most of the involved veins showed marked destruction of the wall structure and were associated with total obstruction of the lumen, identification was difficult using the routine H-E strain. The frequency of venous invasion varied with the gross type of the tumor, the depth of penetration and the degree of differentiation, although there was no relation to size or to the site of the tumor. The incidence increased in cases of evident lymphatic permeation or lymph node involvement. The number of patients with venous invasion and a 5-year survival rate was significantly decreased, particularly in the Dukes' C cases. Thus, the determination of the extent of venous invasion using the elastic tissue stain is of definite prognostic value. PMID- 7218609 TI - Utility of liver scintigraphy and angiography in preoperative detection of liver metastasis from gastrointestinal carcinoma. AB - One hundred and seventy cases of cancer of digestive tract were separated into three groups, advanced gastric cancer, biliary and/or pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer. The presence of liver metastasis in each group was studied preoperatively by either liver scintigraphy or celiac and superior mesenteric angiography. In advanced gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, false negative ranged between 6.7-12.7 per cent by both scintigraphy and angiography. In biliary tract and/or pancreatic cancer, the ratio of false negative was significantly higher i.e. 18.8-22.6 per cent, which suggests the difficulty in diagnosing liver metastasis correctly in this group. The most frequent occurrences of false positive either in scintigraphy or angiography were those of masses of less than 2 cm in diameter. The difference in correct diagnosis ratio for liver metastasis between scintigraphy and angiography in all three groups was only 2.9 per cent. Hence, liver scintigraphy seems to be preferable for the purpose of detecting liver metastasis prior to surgery, since further angiographical examination entails irradiation, possible complications and economic factors. PMID- 7218610 TI - Surgical significance of dilatation of the common bile duct--with special reference to choledocholithiasis. AB - Diameter of the common bile duct was measured in 3,119 patients who underwent primary operation for gallstones, during the period from 1975 to 1978. Although dilatation of the common bile duct was most marked in patients with bilirubin stones in the bile duct alone, dilatation was also observed in patients with cholesterol stones in the gallbladder alone. Drip infusion cholangiograms of 84 healthy patients showed that the common bile duct dilated in parallel with aging. A review of patients with congenital choledochal cysts reported in the literature in Japan revealed that few had gallstones. Thus, it was difficult to determine whether common bile duct dilatation was the cause or result of gallstones, and it was suggested that the so-called drainage operation such as choledochoenterostomy should be done only under strict indications. PMID- 7218611 TI - The importance of postoperative choledochoscopy for management of retained biliary tract stones. AB - From 1974-8, 808 postoperative choledochoscopy procedures, conducted by insertion of choledochofiberscope into the biliary tract through the sinus tract after the T-tube had been removed, were carried out in 292 patients at Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. In this series, 104 with retained biliary tract stones were encountered, and complete removal of stones was successfully carried out in 101, using postoperative choledochoscopy. Any failures of removal of retained biliary tract stones were attributed to improper insertion of the T-tube. The T tube, of at least 18 French calibers should be inserted into the common bile duct at a right angle so as to obviate a tortuous sinus tract. THe follow-up study in cases of complete extraction of the retained biliary tract stones showed that this approach is most effective. Recurrent stone with a silk nidus was found in one patient in whom postoperative choledochoscopy had been performed one year previously. Reoperation was carried out in this particular case. All other patients have remained asymptomatic. Finally, we advise routine use of postoperative choledochoscopy as an adjunct to the T-tube cholangiography, in order to prevent the possibility of retained biliary tract stones. PMID- 7218613 TI - Comparative study on the fibrinolytic activity of pseudointima in varying types of autovein grafting. AB - Three types of autovein grafting procedures have been commonly employed for peripheral arterial reconstruction, that is, non-reversed, reversed and in-situ autovein grafting, and these procedures were comparatively studied in dogs to assess the best one for grafting. In the fibrinolytic activity of the internal surface of the grafts, as measured by standard fibrin plate method and Todd's fibrin slide technique, the in-situ autovein graft showed the highest activity, 139.5% in the mean, followed by 18% (mean) in the reversed autovein graft and 5.2% (mean) in the nonreversed autovein graft. The extent of fibrous proliferation of the pseudointima was least in the in-situ graft followed by the reversed and the non-reversed graft. These results suggest that preservation of the vasa vasorum is the most important factor to minimize fibrous proliferation of the graft pseudointima and to maintain high fibrinolytic activity on the internal surface of the graft. Consequently, the in-situ autovein grafting appears to be the most suitable method to ensure peripheral arterial continuity following surgical reconstruction. PMID- 7218612 TI - Clinical experiences with left gastric vena caval shunt in patients with esophageal varices. AB - Left gastric vena caval shunt (Inokuchi) was performed in four patients with liver cirrhosis; electively in two and prophylactically in two cases. The overall results have been satisfactory in terms of the effect on esophageal varices and postoperative complications. This procedure appeared to be superior to distal splenorenal shunt or other direct surgical procedures in several aspects. Since left gastric vena caval shunt does not require particularly elaborate surgical techniques and can be performed safely even in patients with considerably impaired hepatic function, it can be recommended as an ideal surgical procedure to be performed in elective and prophylactic surgical candidates. PMID- 7218614 TI - Esophageal cyst, a case report and a review of the literature. AB - The esophageal cyst is a rare disease only 20 cases of which have been reported in the literature in Japan. We recently treated such a patient and at thoracotomy, we found the cyst to be located the submucosal layer of the esophagus. The cyst could be easily extirpated and the patient made an uneventful recovery. Gross findings revealed thick, yellow and mucus-like contents inside the cyst. Microscopically, the cyst was lined with ciliated columnar epithelium and there was no evidence of cartilage. The 21st such occurrence in Japan is reported herein and a discussion is made of related literature. PMID- 7218615 TI - Post-traumatic aortic rupture of the thoracoabdominal junction: a case report. AB - Twenty-five years after a blunt chest trauma, sudden expansion of a traumatic aortic aneurysm induced a dysphagia and chest pain in a 57-year-old man. Resection of the aneurysm and patch repair of the rupture site utilizing a thoracoabdominal temporary bypass was successful. The location of aortic laceration at the thoracoabdominal junction was most unusual as compared with traumatic aneurysms usually seen in the thoracic aorta. PMID- 7218616 TI - Studies on feline haemobartonellosis. VI. Changes of erythrocyte lipids concentration and their relation to osmotic fragility. PMID- 7218617 TI - Pathological studies on aleukemic case of bovine leukosis. PMID- 7218618 TI - Pathology of chronic mitral valvular disease in the dog. PMID- 7218619 TI - Congenital porphyria in swine. PMID- 7218622 TI - Isolation of Newcastle disease virus from imported parrots (Katakoe sulpurea). PMID- 7218623 TI - Rat forestomach ulcer induced by drinking glucose solution as an experimental model of gastroesophageal ulcer of swine. PMID- 7218620 TI - [Histopathogenesis of thickening of the hoof wall laminae in equine laminitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218621 TI - Morphological studies on the nasal turbinates of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus riukiuanus). PMID- 7218624 TI - Secretory kinetics of electrolytes in porcine gastric juice from Heidenhain pouch. PMID- 7218625 TI - Radiographic studies on skeletal growth of the pectoral limb of the beagle. PMID- 7218628 TI - Ultrastructure of the neurohypophysis in dogs with diabetes insipidus and normal dogs. PMID- 7218631 TI - [Bicycle ergometric evaluation of the physical adaptation of patients after closed mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 7218626 TI - Comparison test of antibodies for dog blood grouping. PMID- 7218629 TI - [Current problems of cardiac surgery]. PMID- 7218630 TI - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system in patients operated on for a secondary atrial septal defect]. AB - The functional state of the cardiovascular system in 64 adults with a secondary atrial septal defect and in 120 patients who were operated on for this disease was studied by means of the physical exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. In the late postoperative period, the physical working capacity of patients who underwent operation before the age of 20 years was 92% with respect to that of healthy individuals. The physical working capacity of patients in whom the atrial septal defect was closed after the age of 20 was only 76% as compared to the capacity of healthy individuals. The study showed surgical management of an atrial septal defect to be highly effective. The best functional results in the late postoperative period were produced in patients who were operated on before the age of 20. PMID- 7218633 TI - [Experience in using electric pulse therapy in atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 7218627 TI - Plasma calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus levels in Holstein-Friesian calves during early stage after birth. PMID- 7218632 TI - [Damage to the heart conduction system in calcified defects of the aortic valve]. PMID- 7218634 TI - [2 cases of cardiovascular manifestations of hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7218635 TI - [Correction of left aortoatrial communication with atresia of the left artery ostium]. PMID- 7218636 TI - [Use of anticoagulants in cardiology]. PMID- 7218637 TI - [Surgical treatment of multiple heart valve defects]. AB - The article deals with the study of problems of the surgical treatment of patients with multivalvular heart diseases. Problems of myocardial protection, the methods for correcting tricuspid disease, and the attitude towards attendant valvular diseases depending on their severity are discussed on the grounds of the analysis of hospital fatality rate in a group fo 505 patients who underwent one stage correction of two or three defective heart valves and the appraisal of late results. Analysis of the late results indicates that a more radical approach to the surgical treatment of mitral valvular disease is necessary and that marked relative insufficiency and all forms of organic tricuspid disease must be corrected without fail. PMID- 7218638 TI - [Procedure for using adrenomimetic preparations in heart surgery]. AB - On the basis of experience in the use of adrenomimetics in the treatment of acute circulatory disorder in 112 patients who underwent operation on an open heart under extracorporeal circulation, the authors find that these agents are often the only effective measure in the control of low cardiac output that is not caused by hypovolemia. An increase in the cardiac output caused by adrenomimetic with a potent vasoconstrictive effect relieves the peripheral spasm because of the prevalence of their cardiostimulating effect. The doses of the adrenomimetics should be minimum at the beginning of treatment, and then should be doubled subsequently till the necessary effect is produced. It is advisable to combine them with agents which reduce myocardial excitability. Adrenomimetics should not be used as substitutes for measures which cause an effect on the ethiopathogenetic links of circulatory disorders: hypovolemia, hypoxemia, side effects of anesthesiological agents, vagal hyper-reactions, disorders of the electrolyte balance, etc. PMID- 7218639 TI - [Evaluation of pulmonary hypertension based on the quantitative analysis of a lung scan using 99mTc-labelled albumin macroaggregates]. PMID- 7218641 TI - [Essence of the tetralogy of Fallot from the standpoint of conus arteriosus formation]. AB - Morphogeometric study of 10 normal hearts and 10 hearts with tetrad of Fallot showed that this anomaly is marked by incomplete inversion of the conotruncus, as a result of which the aorta takes a position to the right of the pulmonary artery. In tetrad of Fallot, the supraventricular crista does not form, and the parietal end of the conal septum is displaced to the front and is attached to the anterior wall of the right ventricle. This displacement determines, for the most part, the constriction of the infundibulum of the right ventricle. The ventricular septal defect forms in this anomaly not because of lack of septal tissue, but because the planes of the conal and ventricle septa do not coincide. PMID- 7218642 TI - [Achievements of cardiology in the 10th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7218640 TI - [Partial transposition of the major vessels (embryology, pathological anatomy and classification)]. PMID- 7218643 TI - [Results of performing a Blalock-Taussig anastomosis on young infants with tetralogy of Fallot]. AB - The authors performed 61 operations for the creation of Blalock - Taussig's subclavian-pulmonary anastomosis in young children with tetralogy of Fallot. The risk of the operation is high in the group of patients with concomitant anomalies, and the only condition for improving the results in these patients is preoperative establishment of the exact anatomical diagnosis and individual determination of indications for one or another operation. In the group of patients with isolated tetralogy of Fallot (54 patients), the results of the operations were good, the lethality rate was 1.8%, which is evidence in favour of this type of anastomosis in children of the first months of years of life. PMID- 7218644 TI - [Late results of reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries]. AB - The authors conducted 170 various reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries in patients with atherosclerotic lesions in this segment. The late results of surgical treatment were studied in 135 patients in follow-up periods of one to 15 years. In 92 (68.1%) patients the lower extremity was preserved for a lengthy period of time and functioned satisfactorily. The results of bifurcation shunts were better than those of unilateral shunting and endarterectomy. The authors' experience allows the conclusion that the use of Soviet-made vascular prostheses in reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta and iliac vessels and iliac vessels is fully justified. PMID- 7218645 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with an aortic valve prosthesis and coronary insufficiency]. AB - The article deals with the problem of coronary insufficiency in patients who underwent operation for aortal valve prosthetics. Dynamic follow-up of patients with prosthesis of the aortal valve for a period of 2 years after the operation showed that signs of coronary insufficiency persist in some of them. These signs restrict the functional possibilities of the patient during entire follow-up period, and coronary insufficiency in some patients is of a latent character. The bicycle ergometry test is a primary importance in detecting latent coronary insufficiency and in appraising the degree of the insufficiency. The more severe the coronary insufficiency, the lower is the tolerance to exercise. It proves possible to reduce the degree of coronary insufficiency and increase tolerance to exercise in most patients during rehabilitation. PMID- 7218646 TI - [Diagnosis of the failure and thrombosis of a mitral valve prosthesis based on indirect study methods]. AB - The possibilities of phono- and polycardiography in the diagnosis of failure and thrombosis of a mitral valve prosthesis are demonstrated. It is established that the most characteristic phonocardiographic signs of paravalvular failure in patients with this pathological condition are a systolic murmur, a reduced second sound-sound of mitral valve prosthesis opening interval and ejection period (according to the findings of polycardiography) and prolongation of the Q-first sound interval. In typical cases, thrombosis of a mitral valve prosthesis is attended by a diastolic murmur, a reduced second sound-sound interval of prosthesis opening, and prolongation of the Q-first sound interval. PMID- 7218648 TI - [Determination of the size of the myocardial lesion by electrocardiographic and pathologico-anatomic methods]. AB - Precordial mapping was performed in 16 patients with acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction admitted to the clinic within 10 hours after the onset of the disease. Changes in the QRS complex, ST segment, and Q and R waves as well as the total number of points with QS type complexes were appraised on the cartograms. The findings of precordial mapping were compared with the mass and area of the affected tissue determined on autopsy. It was established that the number of QS type complexes recorded on the cartogram is highly informative in appraising the mass of myocardial infarction. The extreme values of the area of the QS complex and R wave correlate well with the area of the affection. The revealed regularities made it possible to deduce a formula for determining the mass of damaged tissue in various degrees of necrosis. PMID- 7218647 TI - [Work capacity of mitral stenosis patients before and after mitral commissurotomy]. AB - Analysis of the working capacity of 1,000 patients who underwent mitral commissurotomy showed that 67.0% of individuals who were operated on for grade III stenosis and 27.99% of those operated on for grade IV stenosis resumed work. Frequent exacerbations of rheumatism and changes in the myocardium and valvular apparatus are among the causes of the decrease in the number of persons who resume work after the operation. Another reason is overestimation of the group of invalidity or its unjustified qualification PMID- 7218649 TI - [Detection of ischemic heart disease during the prophylactic examination of the 40- to 59-year-old male population a Moscow district]. AB - The authors discuss the information on the prevalence of the various forms of ischemic heart disease, the frequency of the risk factors among them, the patients' knowledge of the fact that they have ischemic heart disease and application for medical aid, and the frequency of angina pectoris attacks in patients with myocardial infarction and in persons not suffering from this disease. The results of the survey showed that it is necessary to conduct purposeful examinations and organize dispensary follow-up of patients with ischemic heart disease with due consideration for the severity of the clinical manifestations and the presence of risk factors. PMID- 7218650 TI - [Use of a resistance summation device in precordial mapping]. AB - For the dynamic or continuous control over the value of the cartogram indices, the overall elevation of ST segment, a simple device (summation device) is suggested by means of which the overall curve of any number of leads can be obtained. For the control over the other indices of the cartogram it is necessary to record it completely. PMID- 7218651 TI - [Immunological indices in acquired heart defects after heart valve replacement with bioprostheses]. AB - The indices of cellular and humoral immunity were studied in 46 patients with heart diseases of rheumatic origin prior to and alter operation for replacement of the heart valves with synthetic prostheses (in 19) and pig aortic valves treated with glutaraldehyde and methaperiodate solutions ater Karpantje (in 27). The indirect fluorescence method and the leukocyte migration inhibition test to the myocardial antigens showed that the operation for valve prosthetics causes an increase in the content of antibodies and activation of specific leukocyte sensitization to the antigens of the myocardium and heart valves. These changes do not depend on the type of the valve prosthesis and are normalized by the 6th month. The activation of immunological processes encountered in some patients in late periods after the operation (1-8 years) corresponded to an aggravation of their clinical condition which in most cases was not associated with impaired functioning of the biological prosthesis. The implantation of xenogenous valve prostheses treated by Karpantje's method did not cause the development of immunological processes which could have induced destruction of the prostheses. PMID- 7218652 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in women with artificial heart valves]. AB - Pregnancy and delivery were observed in 22 females with artificial heart vales (monovalve prosthetics in 12 and multivalve prosthetics in 10). Nineteen females were rated in the I-II and 3 in the III functional class according the the New York classification of heart association. All the females received indirect action anticoagulants after the operation and during pregnancy and changed to heparin injections 3-4 weeks before delivery. Thromboembolic complications were encountered in 3 females (in 2 during pregnancy after delivery). No complications associated with the intake of indirect-action anticoagulants were observed in the newborns. Three females died in late periods after childbirth. Despite the good results in the females kept under observation, pregnancy should be avoided by this category of women because of the unsatisfactory properties of the mechanical prostheses, particularly in multivalve prosthetics. PMID- 7218653 TI - [Correlations of the blood rheological characteristics in mitral stenosis during various stages of surgery]. AB - The values of blood rheological and coagulation properties were studied in stages of operative treatment in 30 patients operated on for grade III-IV mitral stenosis. Complex statistical models of the inter-relationship of the blood coagulation and rheological properties were complied which allow for the substantiation of the optimum transfusion tactics in preventing complications in the operative and postoperative periods. PMID- 7218654 TI - [Echocardiographic potentials in the diagnosis of the right ventricular hypoplasia syndrome]. AB - A total of 15 patients with the right-ventricular hypoplasia syndrome and 3 with cyanosis of noncardiac nature were examined, 20 healthy subjects were controls. The authors noted that the localization of the tricuspid valve from usual position is rather difficult and suggested that the right parasternal lines be used for this purpose. Echocardiographic signs of the right-ventricular hypoplasia syndrome are the combination of the diminished size of the right ventricular cavity with reduction of the opening amplitude and deceleration of the early diastolic closing of the anterior cusps of the tricuspid valve and with increased opening amplitude of the anterior mitral cusp. PMID- 7218655 TI - Dahl's hypothesis that a saluretic substance may be responsible for a sustained rise in arterial pressure: its possible role in essential hypertension. PMID- 7218657 TI - Hemodialysis encephalopathy with osteomalacic fractures and muscle weakness. AB - The hemodialysis unit at Columbia, South Carolina, opened in April, 1974. By June of 1977, 7 patients had died from dialysis encephalopathy, and 16 of the 51 surviving patients showed speech disorders, fits, and myoclonic jerks. Pathologic fractures were seen in 22 patients. Bone histomorphometry showed severe osteomalacia with minimal, if any, osteitis fibrosa, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity was normal. The mean serum aluminum concentration in 33 random patients was elevated at 83.5 microgram/liter (control group, 13.9 microgram/liter, P less than 0.001). The mean bone aluminum concentration in 4 patients who died from this syndrome was 307 ppm of bone ash (normal, less than 10 ppm). Dialysis fluid aluminum was high at 140 microgram/liter. Purification of the dialysis fluid with a water softener, reverse osmosis and a deionizer and abandoning extra-strength Basaljel resulted in a notable clinical and EEG improvement. None of 81 new patients who started hemodialysis between July of 1977 and July of 1979 after the change in treatment have developed any such symptoms. A syndrome of hemodialysis encephalopathy accompanied by pathologic osteomalacic fractures is described. Recovery is possible. The syndrome was eradicated after purification of the dialysis fluid. PMID- 7218658 TI - Effect of normal development on compensatory renal growth. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were nephrectomized unilaterally, or sham-operated at 5, 12, and 40 days of age. The kidney weight, number of glomeruli, GFR, and single nephron GFR (SNGFR) were determined in about 60 days of age. In both sham operated and nephrectomized rats operated on at 5 and 12 days of age, the kidney was studied with light microscope for 1 to 14 days. Unilateral nephrectomy performed just before or just after completion of nephrogenesis or in adulthood did not result in formation of new nephrons. Renal structural development followed the same pattern in nephrectomized and sham-operated rats. A compensatory increase in renal size and GRF was inversely related to the age at which the nephrectomy was carried out but was more pronounced if nephrectomy had been performed just before rather than just after completion of nephrogenesis. In all nephrectomized rats, the compensatory increase in filtration rate appears to be the same in nephrons at all cortical levels judging by comparison of SNGRR and GFR. Conclusion. Compensatory renal growth does not involve the formation of new nephrons in the postnatal kidney of the rat. The potentiation of compensatory changes after nephrectomy at an early age is largely dependent on the development stage of the kidney at the time of nephrectomy. PMID- 7218656 TI - Pressure natriuresis in isolated kidneys from hypertension-prone and hypertension resistant rats (Dahl rats). AB - Dahl described a strain of rats with genetically controlled propensities for hypertension. Chronic excess salt feeding increased blood pressure in sensitive (s) rats, whereas resistant rats (R) remain normotensive. We tested the pressure natriuretic function (urinary sodium excretion versus perfusion pressure) in isolated kidneys perfused with a cellular medium: in sodium-restricted normotensive sensitive (S0) and resistant (R0) animals; in sensitive rats receiving a high-salt diet for 3 weeks (S3): and in both S and R animals exposed to excess sodium for 7 weeks (R7 and S7). The aim of these studies was to determine if a preset alteration of the pressure natriuretic function might be present in S animals prior to the development of hypertension. Systolic blood pressure in S0, S3, and S7 animals were 123 +/- 4, 136 +/- 2, and 162 +/- 4 mm Hg, respectively, whereas that of R0 and R7 were 121 +/- 5 and 126 +/- 5 mm Hg. An increase of the perfusion pressure of isolated kidneys from 105 to 185 mm Hg in stepwise fashion resulted in a pressure natriuresis whose slope was similar in R0 and S0 animals. Of interest was that the pressure natriuretic function slope of kidneys from R0 (low sodium) and R7 (high sodium) rats was as predicted by the Guyton system analysis of normal blood pressure control Micropuncture of the proximal nephrons demonstrated that the origin of the natriuresis resulted from a site beyond the accessible proximal tubule. Results from S7 kidneys contrasted with all others in that the natriuretic response was depressed (P less than 0.01), which resulted from significantly lower filtration rates at higher perfusion pressures. We concluded (1) in normal R rats, the pressure natriuretic function is that predicted by the Guyton hypothesis, (2) Dahl S animals have no preset abnormality of this function until hypertension is present for some time, and (3) a depression of the pressure natriuretic function may aggravate hypertension in S rats once high blood pressure has persisted. PMID- 7218659 TI - Renal brush border membrane adaptation to phosphorus deprivation: effects of fasting versus low-phosphorus diet. AB - Alimentary phosphorus deprivation due to a low-phosphorus diet (LPD) elicits a profound antiphosphaturia and an increase in sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake by renal cortical brush border membrane (BBM) vesicles. But, in alimentary phosphorus deprivation due to total fasting, high urinary excretion of Pi persists. In the present study, we determined whether low tubular reabsorption of Pi in fasting is due to a diminished capacity of the specific Pi transport system with the renal cortical luminal BBM or whether it is due to a reduced transepithelial reabsorption of Pi because of metabolic conditions occurring in proximal tubule cells during fasting. Sodium-dependent Pi transport in compared with fasted rats or rats fed a normal phosphorus diet. Sodium-dependent uptake of D-glucose was significantly lower in LPD rats, compared with fast animals or animals fed a normal diet. Thus, in contrast to LPD, fasting does nt elicit an increase in Pi transport and a decrease in D-glucose transport across the isolated renal BBM. The same differences in BBM transport of Pi were present also in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. Further experiments demonstrated that the adaptation of renal function and the renal BBM transport to LPD are overridden by a subsequent period of total fasting. Results of the present study show that fasting both prevents and reverses the renal response of rats to alimentary phosphorus deprivation. The differences in Pi excretion between fasted rats, LPD rats, and LPD rats subsequently fasted are attributed, at least in part, to specific adaptive changes in sodium-dependent Pi transport across the luminal BBM, rather than to alterations in other cellular (metabolic) components of transepithelial Pi reabsorption in the proximal tubule. PMID- 7218660 TI - Role of vasopressin in the impaired water excretion of glucocorticoid deficiency. AB - The mechanism whereby glucocorticoid deficiency impairs renal water excretion was studied in the conscious mineralocorticoid-replaced, adrenalectomized rat. Control animals received physiologic replacement with prednisolone, and experimental animals were deprived of glucocorticoid hormone for either 1 or 14 days. The control animals excreted 95 +/- 1.9% of an acute water load (30 ml/kg) in 3 hours, a value significantly higher than the volume excreted by animals deprived fo glucocorticoid hormone for 1 day (70.0 +/- 3.6%, P less than 0.01) and 14 days (40.0 +/- 3.9%, P less than 0.01). Following the acute water load, plasma vasopressin levels, as measured by radioimmunoassay, was 1.08 pg/ml in the control rats, a value significantly lower than values obtained after the water load in rats deprived of glucocorticoid hormone for 1 day (2.5 +/- 0.2 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) and 14 days (2.4 +/- 0.3 pg/ml, P less than 0.01). To further examine the effect of plasma vasopressin in the impaired water excretion of glucocorticoid deficiency, we performed studied in Brattleboro rats with central diabetes insipidus. In these animals with absence of vasopressin, a defect in water excretion was observed after 14 days, but no 1 day, of glucocorticoid deficiency. In Sprague-Dawley rats, the impaired water excretion after 14 days of glucocorticoid deficiency was associated with a significantly lower cardiac index (209 +/- 14 vs. 291 +/- 11 ml/min/kg, P less than 0.01) and renal blood flow (3.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.7 +/- 0.2 ml/min/g, P less than 0.01) than that observed after 1 day of glucocorticoid deficiency. In diabetes insipidus rats, after 14 days of glucocorticoid deficiency, the percentage of an acute water load excreted (121 +/ 7% vs. 158.7 +/- 7.0%, P less than 0.01) was lower than that observed after 1 day of glucocorticoid deficiency. In summary, the present results indicate that glucocorticoid deficiency impairs renal water excretion by both vasopressin dependent and vasopressin-independent mechanisms. The vasopressin-dependent renal mechanism is associated with a marked decrease in both systemic and renal hemodynamics. PMID- 7218661 TI - Impaired renal blood flow autoregulation in ischemic acute renal failure. AB - We used a model of ischemic acute renal failure featuring normal renal blood flow (RBF) to evaluate the autoregulatory capability in a preparation having a marked reduction of inulin clearance (GFR). In 10 dogs, we clamped the renal artery for 90 min (experimental); 6 dogs, 1 min only (sham). Approximately 18 hours later, we determined the autoregulatory ability from RBF responses to renal arterial constriction. GFR of the experimental dogs was 10 +/- 4 ml/min, significantly lower than GFR in the sham dogs (43 /+- 9 ml/min). RBF in the experimental dogs (189 +/- 17 ml/min) was not significantly different from that in the sham dogs (206 +/- 32). An autoregulation index, ranging from 0.49 to 1.09 (mean 0.690), was significantly larger than was that of sham dogs, which ranged from zero to 0.23 (mean 0.060). At control arterial pressures, vascular resistance was comparable in both groups; however, at reduced arterial pressures below the normal autoregulatory range, average resistance of the experimental dogs (0.62 +/ 0.12 mm Hg/[ml/min]) was significantly greater than was that of the sham dogs (0.38 +/- 0.06 mm Hg/[ml/min]). These studies indicate that a substantial loss of renal hemodynamic responsiveness follows ischemic injury to the dog even when RBF is maintained within the normal range. The loss of autoregulatory capacity associated with a severely attenuated GFR is consistent with a role for tubular flow in the normal mechanism of autoregulation. PMID- 7218662 TI - Plasma protein binding in uremia: extraction and characterization of an inhibitor. AB - The impairment of binding drugs and other substances to serum albumin in patients with uremia can be restored to normal or near normal levels by adsorption with charcoal or synthetic polymers at pH 3. We used a nonionic poly-styrene divinylbenzene copolymer to treat uremic plasma at pH 3. We observed a marked improvement of binding. Subsequent elution of this resin with ethanol produced a substance that, when dried and recombined with normal plasma, caused dose dependent impairment of phenytoin and tryptophan binding. Restoration of normal binding affinity occurred after retreatment of this abnormalized plasma with resin at pH 3. Plasma and pleural fluid exudate from patients with uremia yielded, after extraction by the above technique, and inhibitor(s) of phenytoin binding in amounts averaging five times that extracted from equal volumes of normal plasma. This inhibitor (IX) is water soluble, heat stable, and dialyzable across cellophane membranes. Unlike fatty acids, which can also interfere with binding, IX partitions primarily in the water phase in solvent partition studies but undergoes a sharp transition in th pH 4 to 5 range, suggesting the presence of carboxyl group. These findings lend further support to the hypothesis that a retained ligand(s) is responsible for impaired plasma binding associated with uremia and suggests a role for organic acids known to accumulate in renal failure. PMID- 7218664 TI - Abstracts. The American Society of Nephrology, Washington, D.C., November 23-25, 1980. PMID- 7218665 TI - Cellular calcium uptake in the action of prostaglandins on renal water excretion. AB - The role of cellular calcium uptake in the antidiuretic response to vasopressin was studied in anesthetized dogs undergoing water diuresis. In prostaglandin (PG) intact animals, an intrarenal infusion of verapamil caused only a modest blunting of the response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), because the urinary osmolality (UOsm) achieved in the contralateral control kidney was 338 +/- 40 mOsm/kg H2O but was only 270 +/- 23 mOsm/kg H2O in the verapamil-infused kidney. The possibility was then studied that PG inhibit the action of ADH by impairing cellular calcium uptake. If so, verapamil would be expected to abolish the effect of PG inhibition to enhance the action of ADH. In eight PG-inhibited dogs, the control kidney's UOsm increased to a mean of 650 +/- 103 mOsm/kg H2O but only to 280 +/- 22 mOsm/kg H2O in the infused side. Thus, verapamil abolished the effect of PG inhibition to enhance the action of ADH. Likewise in five dogs a second chemically dissimilar inhibitor of calcium transport, proadifen, also abolished the effect of PG inhibitors as UOsm rose to 590 +/- 78 mOsm/kg H2O in the control kidney but only to 278 +/- 11 mOsm/kg H2O in the proadifen-infused kidney. Neither prior vasodilatation nor an increased solute excretion with mannitol of a degree observed with verapamil mimicked the effect of the calcium uptake blockers to inhibit the action of ADH. The present in vivo studies therefore demonstrate that the effect of PG inhibitors to enhance the hydroosmotic effect of vasopressin involve cellular calcium transport. PMID- 7218663 TI - Pulmonary calcification in hemodialyzed patients detected by technetium-99m diphosphonate scanning. AB - Metastatic pulmonary calcification, a well-known complication in patients with chronic disease, has been demonstrated postmortem in patients with a negative chest X-ray. Recently, scintigrams with bone-seeking radionuclides have been used to detect such subclinical pulmonary calcium deposits. We describe 23 patients on maintenance hemodialysis with no evidence of pulmonary calcification on chest X ray who were prospectively studied by lung scanning with a bone-seeking radionuclide and pulmonary function testing. Of the 23 patients, 14 (61%) had a positive technetium-99m diphosphonate (99mTc-DP) scan (group 1). These patients were on dialysis 38 +/- 5 months compared with 12 +/- 4 months in 9 patients with a negative scan (group 2) (P less than 0.01). Age, sex, blood pressure, hematocrit, serum calcium, phosphorous, bicarbonate, magnesium, and calcium X phosphorus product, as well as parathyroid hormone level did not differ between the two groups. Of 10 group-1 patients tested, 7 had abnormal pulmonary diffusion capacity compared with non in 5 group-2 patients tested (P = 0.014). Histologic examination of the lung in 1 group-1 patients who expired revealed calcification (amorphous on X-ray diffraction), whereas none was found in 1 group-2 patients autopsied. These observations suggest that in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, pulmonary scanning with 99mTc-DP is a sensitive method for detecting pulmonary metastatic calcification, which may be associated with an abnormality in pulmonary diffusion capacity. PMID- 7218666 TI - Electrophysiology of the early distal tubule: further observations on electrode techniques. PMID- 7218669 TI - Unconventional bacteria in urinary tract disease: Ureaplasma urealyticum. AB - Bladder-aspirate urine samples (N = 428) were cultured for the presence of fastidious microorganisms. These samples were obtained from 190 patients with urinary tract disease or symptoms suggesting infection of the urinary tract in whom standard bacteriologic investigation had failed to indicate bacterial infection. Ureaplasma urealyticum was recovered alone or in association with other microorganisms from the bladder urine of 75% of patients with reflux scarring and abnormal renal function. Ureaplasma organisms were localized to the upper urinary tract in 80% of patients with bladder counts greater than 10(3) colony-forming units per ml. The results indicate that microorganisms not conventionally associated with urinary tract infection are recoverable from the bladder urine of a high percentage of patients with so-called "sterile pyelonephritis," in which group of patients these microorganisms may contribute to progressive renal disease. PMID- 7218667 TI - Structural and functional study of the rat distal nephron: effects of potassium adaptation and depletion. AB - To examine the relationship between tubular transport of potassium and cell structure in segments of the superficial distal nephron, we performed potassium transport and quantitative electron microscopic studies in rats after potassium adaptation and potassium depletion. In distal nephrons continuously microperfused in vivo, potassium adaptation stimulated potassium secretion by 200%. Microperfused distal convoluted tubules (earliest portion of accessible distal nephron) did not, however, secrete potassium in potassium adapted animals. Morphometric analysis of the distal convoluted tubule also revealed no detectable effect of potassium diet on the structure of the distal cell type. In contrast, examination of the connecting tubule and the initial collecting tubule of the distal nephron demonstrated a striking increase in basolateral membrane in potassium-adapted animals. This change was limited to the connecting tubule cell and the principal cell type. No structural change of the intercalated cell type in either segment was associated with altered potassium transport. We conclude that cells of the distal convoluted tubule do not secrete potassium. Functional and morphologic evidence suggests that potassium is secreted by the connecting tubule cell and the principal cell of the connecting tubule and the initial collecting tubule, respectively. PMID- 7218668 TI - Assessment of total and divided renal plasma flow by 123I-hippuran renography. AB - We studied 23 patients with suspected renal hypertension, including 12 with renal artery stenosis, or occlusion. Total effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was measured in all patients by conventional p-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance and by 123I-hippuran clearance performed on the same day. A close correlation between the two techniques was obtained (r = 0.87, P less than 0.001) with the latter technique underestimating the former by a mean ratio of 0.89:1.00. We describe a technique for deriving ERPF for individual kidneys by 123I-hippuran renography, and the data obtained by this method correlate well with data obtained from bilateral ureteric catheterization studies (r = 0.076, P less than 0.001 for both affected and unaffected sides) in 17 patients. The renographic technique is particularly accurate in quantitating ERPF in the 12 patients with renal artery stenosis, and is recommended as the investigation of choice in the assessment of ERPF in patients with this condition. PMID- 7218670 TI - A micromethod to measure ammonia. AB - We have described a simple technique for the measurement of picomoles or nanomoles of ammonium. Samples can be easily processed on the day of an experiment. analysis of 14C-glutamate can be done at a later date by an accurate sensitive and reliable method. We can readily process 50 samples per day. The sensitivity can be increased by using smaller volumes of ammonia-free solutions, prereacting endogenous ammonia with nonradioactive 2-oxoglutarate, and increasing the specific activity of 2-oxoglutarate. The volumes must, however, be very low so as not to diminish the ammonium concentration and thereby limit glutamate formation. PMID- 7218671 TI - Use of high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of urate concentrations in nonoliter quantities of fluid. PMID- 7218672 TI - [Frontiers of surgery]. PMID- 7218673 TI - [Combined therapy of tubular fistulae of the digestive canal using ultrasound]. PMID- 7218674 TI - [Surgical management of nonspecific ulcerative colitis with special regard to postcolectomy disorders]. PMID- 7218675 TI - [Specific preoperative preparation of patients and technic for surgical interventions on the large intestine]. PMID- 7218676 TI - [Mechanical strength and the hermetic biological sealing of large intestine anastomoses using serious suture material]. PMID- 7218677 TI - [Surgical procedure in postoperative alkaline reflux gastritis]. PMID- 7218678 TI - [Blood rheological changes in rectal cancer patients due to intensive gamma therapy and surgery]. PMID- 7218679 TI - [Vascular histopathology in hemorrhoids]. PMID- 7218680 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the operative approaches in the surgical treatment of femoral hernias]. PMID- 7218681 TI - [Role of internal and external environmental factors (risk factors) in the occurrence of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7218682 TI - [Surgical treatment method and the prevention of ventral hernias]. PMID- 7218683 TI - [Comparative evaluation of surgical and conservative treatment results in acute thrombosis of hemorrhoids]. PMID- 7218684 TI - [Rehabilitation of colostomy patients]. PMID- 7218685 TI - [Importance of museums in optimizing the academic process and the academic research work of students in a department of surgery]. PMID- 7218686 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of cancer of the left half of the large intestine in women]. PMID- 7218687 TI - [Analysis of the causes of mortality in nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7218688 TI - [Early diagnosis of intestinal injuries (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7218689 TI - [2 rare cases of Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 7218690 TI - [Mesenteric cysts of the small intestine]. PMID- 7218691 TI - [Giant posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 7218692 TI - [Strangulation of intestinal loops in the internal foramen of the inguinal canal]. PMID- 7218694 TI - [Incomplete internal rectal fistulae]. PMID- 7218693 TI - [Conservative method of treating the hernial sac in herniotomy of the elderly]. PMID- 7218696 TI - [Main causes for the development and methods for the prevention of burn cachexia]. PMID- 7218695 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of external intestinal fistulae]. PMID- 7218697 TI - [Functional state of the hepatobiliary system in burn patients]. PMID- 7218698 TI - [Use of UV-irradiated blood reinfusion in treating chronic arterial insufficiency of the extremities]. PMID- 7218701 TI - [Acid-base and electrolyte balance of patients with arterial occlusive diseases after revascularization of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7218699 TI - [Combined use of transfusion therapy and hemosorption on activated charcoal in the therapy of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7218700 TI - [Dynamics of iron, copper and their conjugated metalloproteins in the blood plasma in heart surgery patients undergoing artificial blood circulation]. PMID- 7218702 TI - [Inventions and their problems in surgery]. PMID- 7218703 TI - [Treatment of the victims of thermal hand injuries]. PMID- 7218704 TI - [Method of intermittent prolonged irrigation of burn wounds with bacteriophages]. PMID- 7218705 TI - [Regional hemodynamics in diabetes mellitus patients with atherosclerotic vascular occlusions of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7218706 TI - [Clinicomorphological characteristics of burn toxemia]. PMID- 7218707 TI - [Design of a scheme for an adequate classification of burns]. PMID- 7218708 TI - [Is a new classification of burns needed?]. PMID- 7218709 TI - [Use of information on patient hospitalization for managing surgical care in a rural district]. PMID- 7218710 TI - [Errors in preparing for and performing artificial blood circulation]. PMID- 7218711 TI - [Role of emergency room duty in the teaching of a course on advanced-level surgery]. PMID- 7218713 TI - [Effect of the intraportal infusion of protein blood substitutes, amino acids and trace elements on serum protein spectrum in diffuse peritonitis]. PMID- 7218712 TI - [Changes in the indices of the oxidation-reduction processes in burn shock in children]. PMID- 7218715 TI - [A device for blood reinfusion]. PMID- 7218716 TI - [Disappearing pain symptom in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7218714 TI - [Duodenal motor function in the immediate postoperative period after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 7218717 TI - [Role of the infectious and inflammatory wound process in the development of blood rheological and microcirculatory disorders in burn patients in the septico toxemic stage]. PMID- 7218718 TI - [Considerations on the criteria of squint cure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218723 TI - [Assessment of vitreous condition in uncomplicated intracapsular operation for senile cataract: III. Connections of the vitreous with adjacent tissues in the vitreous chamber (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218719 TI - [Retinitis pigmentosa and its experimental model: II. Electrophysiological investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218721 TI - [Chemical prevention of experimental chalcosis: Summary of thesis for the degree of docent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218722 TI - [Enzymatic activity investigations in ophthalmological cases: II. SGPT activity and peripheral blood morphotic elements in patients with inflammatory processes of the uvea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218724 TI - [Evaluation of the first 50 operations for glaucoma by the method of artificial intrascleral sinus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218720 TI - [Retinitis pigmentosa and its experimental model: III. Fluorescein angiographic investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218725 TI - [Fluorescence angiography in retinal tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218726 TI - [Ultrastructural changes of peripheral retinal vessels in glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218727 TI - [Free cyst of the iris (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218728 TI - [Interesting cases of persisting pupillary membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218729 TI - [Lacrimal tract mycosis: II. Mycosis of the lacrimal sac (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218730 TI - [A case of mycosis of the lower lacrimal duct (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218731 TI - [Ixodes ricinus in human eyelid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218732 TI - [Chemiluminescence, an indicator of cell activation? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218734 TI - [Routine determination of HB A1 by micro-column technique (author's transl)]. AB - For routine determination of glycosilated hemoglobin (HB A1) it is necessary to have a quick and easy assay which allows analysis of a greater number of samples. Taking into consideration known methods for hemoglobin chromatography a micro column technique has been developed, which separates the glycosilated hemoglobins AIa+b+c from the main hemoglobin fraction HB AII. Micro-columns (7.0 x 1.3 cm) are filled up to a bed-height of 3 cm with Bio-Rex 70. Hemoglobin is given to these in hemolysate from (1,8 mg/200 microliter) and separated with two buffers of different ionic-strength and different pH-values into two fractions HB A1 and HB AII. With exact standardisation of the elution volumes (18 ml), the elution temperature (21.5 degrees C) and pH-value (6.74) of the first elution buffer a high reproducibility of the results is possible (Intraassay-VK: 2.38%; Interassay VK: 3.68%). The optical density of the hemoglobin fractions is read for cyanhemoglobin at 413 nm or 415 nm or for cyanmethemoglobin at 419 nm. The HB A1 concentration is given as a percentage of the total hemoglobin. This method enables the determination of HB A1-value of 40 blood samples in triplicate within four hours. The normal value derived from 25 healthy and normal weight volunteers is 6.88 +/- 0.41% (mean +/- S.D.), from which an upper normal range of 7.7% has been calculated. In 103 patients with unimpaired glucose tolerance values were observed in similar range: 6.45 +/- 0.61% (mean +/- S.D.). In 121 diabetic patients with varying metabolic control HB A1-values up to 20.58% were noted. PMID- 7218736 TI - Ultrastructure of platelets before and during atrial stimulation. Differences in the coronary sinus and aortic blood in patients with angina pectoris. AB - We studied 15 patients with strain-induced angina pectoris performing an ultrastructural analysis of platelets withdrawn simultaneously from the aorta and coronary sinus. In coronary sinus blood, all platelets exhibited shape changes with pseudopod formation but without degranulation. In the aortic blood we observed on average fewer shape changes of the platelets. During tachycardia stress, shape change formation did not increase in most patients. In three patients however, micro-aggregation of the platelets was observed only in the aortic blood. These patients had a paucity of risk factors. They also had fewer critical coronary artery stenoses compared with the other patients. We conclude that there may be minority among the patients with angina pectoris exhibiting hyper-aggregation of the platelets. PMID- 7218735 TI - [Veno-occlusive syndrome with acute liver dystrophy following decarbazine therapy of malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. AB - Case report about death due to veno-occlusive liver disease following Dacarbazine treatment: 9 years after surgical treatment of malignant melanoma of the trunk a 68-years old patient developed lymph node metastases in the right axilla, which were removed immediately by surgical excision. One month before the patient had undergone surgical treatment of empyema of the gallbladder: Cholecystectomy and appendectomy were performed, postoperative recovery was uncomplicated. On account of the second lymph node metastasis within nine months adjuvant treatment with Dacarbazine was agreed and started one month later. After having performed the first course of treatment without any hints to intolerance the patient suddenly exhibited severe shock symptoms on the fourth day of the second course. Clinically residual myocardial infarct or pulmonary embolism were assumed, but could not be verified. The patient delivered increasing hepatomegaly. A massive increase in transaminase values was noted. Hemostasiologic changes with decreased Quick value occurred. The patient died of cerebral hemorrhage five days after beginning the second Dacarbazine cycle. Autopsy findings were severe liver cell necroses as well as liver vein thromboses, no metastases of melanoma could be found. Hepatotoxicity of Dacarbazine and the mechanism of liver vein thrombosis are discussed with special regards to possible hemostasiologic changes and sensibilisation due to Dacarbazine and/or previous liver cell damage. PMID- 7218733 TI - Measurement of chemiluminescence in freshly drawn human blood. I. Role of granulocytes, platelets, and plasma factors in zymosan-induced chemiluminescence. AB - The present investigations were undertaken to find out whether chemiluminescence measurements of stimulated granulocytes can be carried out in freshly drawn blood and -- because of the ease of the method -- be introduced into routine diagnostics. Blood was drawn from the cubital vein of healthy volunteers at various times and under various conditions. Subsequently the zymosan induced and luminol amplified chemiluminescence was recorded and analyzed. It could be demonstrated that variations existed between individuals which can, however, be minimized when photon counts obtained under standard conditions were related to the number of granulocytes present in the blood samples. It could be further demonstrated that also platelets are activated by zymosan as well an that they, contribute to the total chemiluminescence by a share of about 5%. Platelet chemiluminescence can effectively be suppressed by aspirin. Opsonising factors in plasma (presumably antibodies and/or complement) play a decisive role in the intensity and kinetics of blood chemiluminescence. Measurements of zymosan induced chemiluminescence in freshly drawn unfractionated and fractionated blood seem to be especially suited to monitor and analyze deviations and defects of the cellular and humoral defence mechanisms. PMID- 7218740 TI - Clinical features and post-mortem coronary angiograms of several types of myocardial fibrosis in five cases. PMID- 7218738 TI - Possible role of Ca2+ and membrane phospholipid in hormonal control of protein phosphorylation. PMID- 7218739 TI - Studies on Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase; isolation and characterization of a catalytically active fragment. PMID- 7218737 TI - [Elevated serum myoglobin in renal failure (author's transl)]. AB - In 44 patients with chronic renal failure of varied etiology serum immunoreactive myoglobin was measured and compared to values obtained in patients with normal renal function. Irrespective of the underlying disease a highly significant linear correlation was found between serum immunoreactive myoglobin and serum creatinine concentration. In patients with serum creatinine concentrations above 550 mu mol/1 (6.2 mg%) serum myoglobin was as a rule elevated above the range found in the controls with normal renal function. This was also true in dialysis patients. These result demonstrate that serum myoglobin may only be used with restrictions in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients suffering from advanced chronic renal failure. PMID- 7218742 TI - Proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii and its cyst-formation in mouse brains. PMID- 7218741 TI - A case of acute peri-myocarditis associated with delayed appearance of eosinophilia. PMID- 7218744 TI - [Adequacy of the protein component of the rations for the crew of orbital station "Sal'iut-6" with respect to bodily requirements]. AB - Nitrogen metabolism in 16 test subjects and 8 cosmonauts kept on a diet containing dehydrated products and foodstuffs preserved by other methods (15% and 85%, respectively) was studied. The health state and excretion of end-products of nitrogen metabolism in those people gave evidence that the dietary protein met well bodily requirements under normal conditions, in simulated flight, and in real flight aboard Salyut-6. PMID- 7218743 TI - [Results of vectorelectrocardiographic examinations during and after long space flights aboard the orbital complex "Sal'iut-6"--"Soiuz"]. AB - In long-term space flights cardiac bioelectric activity was measured by vector electrocardiography using ECG in 12 standard leads. Most marked changes in the form of a decrease in the integral spatial repolarization vector were seen postflight. This parameter did not return to normal during one month postflight. Depolarization vector and vector orientation remained essentially unchanged. PMID- 7218745 TI - [Effect of space flight on cosmonaut peripheral blood lymphocyte blast transformation]. AB - The postflight investigation of cell mediated immunity of seven cosmonauts showed significant increase in spontaneous activity of lymphocytes of peripheral blood and decrease in stimulation of lymphocytes cultured with PHA at R + O. Variations in these parameters were transient, remaining within physiological limits. Two cosmonauts displayed a stable increase in lymphocyte activity during blast transformation test with Staphylococcus aureus culture filtrate. PMID- 7218746 TI - [Changes in the body weight of cosmonauts during a 140-day space flight]. AB - During 140-day space flight body mass changes of the Commander and Flight Engineer were measured. No correlation between body mass losses and flight duration was found. Greatest body mass losses occurred on MD 44--59 in Commander (2.3--2.4 kg), and on MD 86 in Flight-Engineer (5.4 kg). Later the losses decreased. The results suggest that body mass changes varied on an individual basis and depended on many spaceflight factors. PMID- 7218747 TI - [Study of the mass-inertia characteristics of human body segments by the gamma scanning method during 6 months of hypokinesia]. AB - It was found that there was a distinct redistribution of body masses in 18 test subjects exposed to 6-month hypokinesia. Six of them (who did not exercise) showed losses of muscle mass (primarily antigravity muscles) and gain of adipose mass, and 12 test subjects (who exercised as a countermeasure against hypokinetic effects) displayed insignificant losses of muscle mass and significant gain of adipose mass. PMID- 7218748 TI - [Chemical composition of the mineral component of the human vertebrae and calcaneus during hypokinesia]. AB - Hypokinesia of 20--42 days lead to a decrease of Ca content and increase of K and Na content in the mineral component of human vertebrae, the Mg and P content remaining unchanged. It is suggested that these changes resulted from shifts in ion metabolism on the surface of hydroxylapatite crystals as well as from increase in the content of calcium phosphate amorphous component. The hypokinesia did not cause chemical changes in the inorganic component of os calcis, probably, due to the low metabolic activity of its microstructures. After hypokinetic exposure the mineral density of vertebrae and os calcis did not differ from the control value, i. e. no osteoporosis was seen. PMID- 7218749 TI - [Effect of short-term erect and upside down posture on human tracking capacity]. AB - The studies were performed using a special trainer made of a table allowing tilts in the fronal plane equipped with a potentiometric control stick and electron-ray indicator. The studies demonstrated that a 30-min exposure to orthostasis or antiorthostasis deteriorated significantly the tracking capacity. It is assumed that the changes were induced by hemodynamic effects due to body position changes. PMID- 7218751 TI - [Effect of motor activity on aerobic performance of healthy subjects]. AB - Bicycle ergometry studies in which 120 healthy male volunteers, aged 20--40, look part, showed that aerobic performance depended on their normal motor activity. In the test subjects, leading an active mode of life, maximum oxygen uptake and general work capacity were significantly higher than in those leading a sedentary mode of life. The data obtained give evidence that the people with diminished muscle activity should be recommended to do regular exercises in order to maintain aerobic performance. PMID- 7218750 TI - [Effectiveness of alimentary factors in the recovery period following prolonged antiorthostatic hypokinesia]. AB - Changes in metabolism and digestive function seen in 8 test subjects during 49 day head-down tilt returned to normal in those kept on supplemented diets (protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids and minerals) faster than in the untreated subjects. It is concluded that such supplements are beneficial for the recovery of health status after prolonged head-down tilt. PMID- 7218752 TI - [Accelerations acting on the human body during storms]. AB - The paper describes accelerations affecting men working aboard the ship of 22,000 tons displacement in stormy weather. PMID- 7218753 TI - [Reaction of the human vestibular apparatus to periodic effects of the ship rocking type]. AB - Reactions of the semicircular canals to periodic effects of the ship rolling type have been studied, using a mathematical model. The data obtained give evidence that during the above effects linear combinations of reactions of all semicircular canals may describe changes in the angular velocity of man's movement in an absolute (static) space. Besides, the common segment of the vertical semicircular canals (the common limb) allows a more accurate description of time changes in angular velocity. The mathematical model has demonstrated the dependence of absolute angular velocity as approximated by the semicircular canals from head orientation as related to the body. In addition to general discussions about rolling effects on the semicircular canals, the paper presents calculations of such reactions as applied to a specific object, i. e. a medium size trawler. PMID- 7218756 TI - [Phosphatase activity in the forearm bones of rats after a flight aboard the biosatellite "Cosmos-936"]. AB - Activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases in ulnar and radial bones of rats flown for 18.5 days aboard Cosmos-936 and kept in a ground-based mock-up were investigated. In both bones activity of acid phosphatase increased significantly and that of alkaline phosphatase decreased 6--10 hours postflight; in the synchronous experiment the only change was a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the radius. An exposure of rats to artificial gravity did not normalize changes in phosphatase activities observed postflight. At R + 25 phosphatase activity in bones of flight rats returned to normal and even tended to exceed the control level in synchronous animals. PMID- 7218758 TI - [Effect of certain pharamcologic preparations and different lighting setups on human work capacity]. PMID- 7218755 TI - [Myocardial ultrastructure of rats exposed aboard biosatellite "Cosmos-936"]. AB - Hearts of rats flown for 19.5 days aboard the biosatellite. Cosmos-936 and decapitated 4.5--9 hours or 25 days postflight were examined electron microscopically. Hearts of weightless rats sacrificed at R + O showed marked and consistent changes in capillaries and venules; myelin transformation of membranes of mitochondria and sarcoplasmatic reticulum was seen in cardiomyocytes which did not show lysis. It is assumed that development of myelin bodies and increase in the number of autophagosomes in weightless rats were caused by disintegration of mitochondrial and sarcoplasmatic reticulum structures. Rats exposed inflight to artificial gravity displayed less pronounced submicroscopic changes. PMID- 7218754 TI - [Effect of space flight factors on skeletal muscle ultrastructure]. AB - By electron microscopy ultrastructures of myofibers of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of rats flown in zero-g and 1 g were examined. It was found that 4.5--9 hours postflight the soleus of weightless rats showed local destruction of the contractile and mitochondrial systems accompanied by metabolic changes in muscle fibers. Exposure to artificial gravity partially prevented changes in muscle fibers. Examinations of muscle fibers 25 days postflight demonstrated that the changes were reversible. No changes were seen in the mixed - gastrocnemius -- muscle of both animal groups. PMID- 7218759 TI - [Experience with studying individual features of human activity as applied to long-term medical research]. PMID- 7218761 TI - Evolution of nasal mucosal lesions in leprosy (histological study). AB - Four stages of nasal pathology in tuberculoid leprosy is described. In every atrophic rhinitis case nasal biopsy is advocated. Rhinoscopic examination should be done in family contacts and early cases of leprosy. PMID- 7218757 TI - [Chemical composition of the mineral component of rabbit bones after 30 days of hypokinesia]. AB - The study of the mineral component of bones of rabbits exposed to hypokinesia for 30 days demonstrated no changes in the Ca and P content or in the Ca/P ratio and revealed a decrease in the Mg, Na and K content. Possible involvement of bone tissue in the maintenance of electrolyte composition during prolonged hypokinesia is discussed. PMID- 7218762 TI - Drug interactions -- the influence of rifampicin and clofazimine on the urinary excretion of DDS. AB - Indication of an enhancing effect of Rifampicin on the urinary excretion of DDs has already been reported from this institution. Further observations on this aspect in 25 cases of lepromatous leprosy treated with a 15 day schedule of Rifampicin at a dose of 600 mg daily along with DDS are presented. The earlier findings that Rifampicin in the initial phase of administration enhance the urinary output of DDS are confirmed. An estimation of Rifampicin Creatinine levels in urine done concurrently also showed a quicker elimination of the drug in the earlier phase compared to later phases of the drug administration. As part of the study of drug interactions, the influence of Clofazimine administration on DDS metabolism was also studied. The findings indicate that Clofazimine does not exert any influence on DDs excretion by leprosy patients. The findings and their implications are discussed. PMID- 7218760 TI - Industrial rehabilitation for leprosy patients-- merits and limitations. PMID- 7218763 TI - Quantitative DNCB epicutaneous sensitization in leprosy patients and controls. AB - Status of non-specific cell mediated immunity in 49 leprosy patients classified according to Ridley & Jopling scale and 16 non leprous controls was studied using epicutaneous sensitization with DNCB and quantitatively grading the degree of sensitization with DNCB and quantitatively grading the degree of sensitization and Mx. test with 1 TU PPD. The effect of dapsone administration on CMI responses was also observed. There was no gross depression of CMI responses as made out by epicutaneous sensitization to DNCB but quantitative grading of responses revealed a subtle depression of CMI responses progressively increasing from II to LL end of spectrum. Mx. testing with 1 Tu PPD did not appear to be a good parameter to study the CMI status. Dapsone administration did not alter the CMI responses. PMID- 7218764 TI - Dapsone haemolysis in leprosy. A preliminary report. AB - Fifty one patients with leprosy from the Urban Leprosy Centre, attached to the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Goa Medical College on treatment with Dapsone were studied from the point of view of development of haemolysis related to the drug. The findings are described and discussed. Anaemia developed in 60.7 percent of the patients during the course of treatment. It was mild and well compensated. The haemolytic effect of dapsone was related to the dose and duration of the treatment, being more manifested in doses above 50 mg daily. PMID- 7218765 TI - Prevalence of leprosy among slum dwellers. AB - Distribution of leprosy among slum dwellers in two areas of Bangalore City were studied. Out of a random sample of 483 it was found that 150 were suffering from leprosy while 74 tuberculoid and 25 lepromatous cases were detected, the remaining showed up as borderline and polyneuritic types. The important socio economic features and the consequences of this chronic disease have been discussed. PMID- 7218767 TI - Leprosy in an albino. AB - A case of complete albinism with Borderline Lepromatous leprosy is presented being the first report from India, of the association of these conditions. PMID- 7218768 TI - Nutritional value of fish viscera silage. PMID- 7218769 TI - Protein quality of a snack food. PMID- 7218766 TI - Age of onset of leprosy. AB - Age of onset of leprosy is merely a subjective information based upon the memory, intelligent appreciation and awareness of the patient and his relatives, in absence of a more reliable method. In the present study, a modification of the conventional method which we named "Complemented recall" method was adopted to determine the age of onset of 400 leprosy patients, in an attempt to collect a better approximate data. PMID- 7218772 TI - A property--activity approach to relating 'flavour' thresholds in one substrate to their value in a second substrate. PMID- 7218771 TI - The nutritive value for rats of high- and low-tannin sorghums treated with magadi soda. PMID- 7218770 TI - The contribution of lead in water to dietary lead intakes. PMID- 7218773 TI - A modified method for the analysis of carbon monoxide in postmortem blood. AB - A simple spectrophotometric method is given for the determination of carbon monoxide in postmortem bloods. Duplicate determinations take about 15 minutes and are shown to be unaffected by the presence of methemoglobin. The method is therefore particularly suitable for use in a forensic laboratory. The results obtained are compared to those from the method of Commins and Lawther. PMID- 7218774 TI - Determination of tricyclic antidepressants by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method is described for the determination of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine and desipramine at low nanogram concentrations in serum. Separation and quantitation are performed by reversed-phase, isocratic, high-performance liquid chromatography utilizing ultraviolet detection at 210 nm. An internal standard, chloramitriptyline, is used as an aid to quantitation. Recovery of all four tricyclics is greater than 84%. The relative standard deviation for the analysis of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine and desipramine is less than 6% at a concentration of 100 ng/mL. PMID- 7218775 TI - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of N-acetyl-p aminophenol (acetaminophen) in serum or plasma using a direct injection technique. AB - N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol (acetaminophen) is becoming more prevalent as an intoxicant in accidental or intentional overdose, therefore, a direct injection ultra-micro high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for its quantitation. The HPLC analysis was performed using a Model 110 Solvent Metering Pump equipped with a Model 110-19 Pressure Filter (Altex Scientific, Berkeley, CA), a Model 7120 Rheodyne Injector (Rheodyne, Berkeley, CA) or a Model U6K Injector (Waters Associates, Milford, MA) a Model 440 Absorbance Detector (Water's Associates), and a Model 3380A Recorder Integrator (Hewlett Packard, Avondale, PA). A commercially prepared muBonapak C18 Column (Water's Associates) was used. Acetaminophen was eluted with a mixture of 0.01 mol/L aqueous sodium acetate, pH 4.0: acetonitrile (93:7) and the absorbance detector was operated wih a 254 nm filter. The method, which requires only 2 microL of serum or plasma for analysis, offers several distinct advantages to the analyst. No pre- or post column extraction or other manipulation of the specimen is required to obtain a quantitative result. Rapid processing of the specimen is possible because both acetaminophen and the internal standard are eluted in less than 10 minutes. The small sample (2 microL) is ideal for use with pediatric patients. PMID- 7218776 TI - An improved method for the quantitation of phencyclidine (PCP) in biological samples utilizing nitrogen-detection gas chromatography. AB - A simplified method for the quantitation of phencyclidine using nitrogen detection gas chromatography is described. The samples are extracted twice with n butyl chloride containing benzphetamine as an internal standard. A 0.5 mL sample is required for detection of as little as 5 ng/mL PCP. The assay is easy, fast and reliable. Due to the relatively small volume required, this method is suitable for analysis of pediatric samples. PMID- 7218777 TI - The effects of storage times, temperatures and container types on the accuracy of atomic-absorption determinations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in whole heparinized blood. AB - The concentration changes of five different heavy metals in whole blood were tested under a variety of storage conditions. Changes were observed for hourly, daily and weekly periods at four temperatures (-70, -10, 4 and 22 degrees C) and in six different container types, (pyrex and soda glass, two polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polycarbonate). Rapid, direct-dilution, heated graphite furnace atomic absorption (AA) techniques were developed for analysis of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, while mercury was analyzed by the cold vapor flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) method. The levels of all metals changed significantly in one week at almost all temperatures in all containers. Concentrations of cadmium, copper and zinc increased probably through leaching processes while lead and mercury decreased through probable hydrolysis and vaporization, respectively. Commercially cleaned polypropylene tubes did not perform significantly better than acid washed vessels. In the absence of better vessels, storage must be as short as possible for meaningful metal concentration determinations. PMID- 7218779 TI - Improved cold-vapor atomic absorption technique for the microdetermination of total and inorganic mercury in biological samples. AB - An improved technique for the determination of inorganic and total mercury in human blood, hair, urine and tissue samples by the Magos methods, based on the use of a new reaction vessel, is described. With this vessel, the sample throughput is tripled, the amount of sample and concomitant reagents required are reduced by a factor of five, the precision, accuracy and sensitivity are measurably improved and the technique in amenable to automation. PMID- 7218778 TI - An improved trace analysis for N-nitrosoureas from biological media. AB - 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, BCNU, a widely used anticancer agent for a variety of neoplasms, can be rapidly, conveniently, and inexpensively determined at trace levels of clinical importance, from a variety of biological media, using HPLC-UV approaches. Limits of detection for BCNU from patient and control samples have been compared for HPLC-UV, HPLC-EC, and the Griess Test. The distribution and disappearance of BCNU from blood samples can be quickly and easily determined using the methods described. Individual blood samples are completely analyzed in less than 30 mins, from the time of sampling to qualitative and quantitative results. PMID- 7218780 TI - Elimination of the matrix effect in the cold-vapor atomic absorption analysis of mercury in human hair samples. AB - The percent recovery of mercury from human hair digest samples, using the peak height cold-vapor atomic adsorption method is 73.0% +/- 10.3%. This value and its reproducibility are raised to 102.2% +/- 6.3% by use of peak area measurements in place of peak height. The so-called matrix effect is thus eliminated, and its origin shown to be in the slower (but still quantitative) release of mercury from biological samples. Although greater reliability is obtained using peak area, this is gained at the cost of analysis time. PMID- 7218781 TI - Organochlorine pesticides in specimens from women undergoing spontaneous abortion, premature of full-term delivery. AB - Organochlorine insecticides (BHC, aldrin, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT) were measured in the blood, placenta and fetus of women experiencing spontaneous abortions, preterm labor or full-term labor using an electron-capture gas chromatographic method. The following trend was found for insecticide concentrations in each of the specimens tested: spontaneous abortions greater than preterm greater than full-term. One conclusion of this work is that the organochlorine insecticides act as antagonists to pregnancy. A plausible explanation for the facilitory role of organochlorine insecticides in the initiation of preterm labor/abortion is hypothesized. PMID- 7218783 TI - Ectomorphy and suicide. PMID- 7218782 TI - Perceived psychological activity and interpersonal attraction. PMID- 7218784 TI - Locus of control and academic achievement in learning-disabled children. PMID- 7218785 TI - The influence of attitudes and current friends on drug use intentions. PMID- 7218786 TI - Case report: Primary hyperparathyroidism coincident with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 7218787 TI - EKG of the month. Paroxysmal junctional tachycardia. PMID- 7218788 TI - Radiology case of the month. Medullary sponge kidney. PMID- 7218789 TI - The psychosocial approach to brain deterioration. PMID- 7218790 TI - Determination of urinary tetrahydroaldosterone glucosiduronic acid by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7218791 TI - Characterization of androgen receptor and estramustine binding protein of rat ventral prostatic tissue in organ culture. PMID- 7218792 TI - Aromatization of testosterone and oestrogen receptor levels in human breast cancer. PMID- 7218793 TI - Role of protein synthesis in rabbit follicular testosterone production. PMID- 7218794 TI - DNA binding ability of estrogen receptor from human breast cancer. PMID- 7218795 TI - Inability of human endometrium or myometrium to aromatize androstenedione. PMID- 7218796 TI - Influence of the substituents at C11 on hydroxylation at C6 of C21-steroids by Syncephalastrum racemosum. PMID- 7218797 TI - Progesterone synthesis by human placental syncytiotrophoblast in vitro--preferred precursor and effect of human chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 7218798 TI - Characterization of monolayer and organ cultures of cloned and enriched lymphohematopoietic stroma cell populations. AB - The role of hematopoietic microenvironments in the regulation of maturation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, although heavily debated, remains uncertain. Several investigators have suggested that the adherent "stromal" cell populations, which grow as colonies in cultures of lymphomyeloid tissues, include the cells involved in such regulatory processes. Grossly, the colonies described by several investigators appear similar morphologically, and the cells giving rise to them have been variously termed 1) fibroblast colony forming cells (FCFC), 2) plaque forming units-culture (PFU-C), 3) macrophage colonies, and 4) marrow stromal cells. FCFC have been reported to re-establish their parent microenvironment when transplanted in an allogeneic system. In this study, cloned and enriched cell populations obtained from such colonies in cultures of murine lymphomyeloid tissues have been characterized by their growth in culture and using morphological, histochemical, and electron microscopic techniques. The results demonstrated that, although the initial stromal colonies appeared to be identical, the constituent cell types varied considerably. Some colonies were comprised primarily of macrophages, while others appeared to contain predominantly fibroblasts; two additional cell types that established colonies have not yet been satisfactorily identified. These results demonstrate the heterogeneity of lymphomyeloid stromal colonies. There is a need for caution in the analysis of experiments in which uncharacterized stromal cell colonies are transplanted or employed as supporting monolayers in culture systems in experiments designed to evaluate the origins and functions of lymphohematopoietic stroma. PMID- 7218799 TI - The selective effects of charged local anaesthetics on the glucagon- and fluoride stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of rat-liver plasma membranes. AB - The cationic local anaesthetics carbocaine and nupercaine were found to increase the fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase up to a maximum level; above this maximum level further increases in drug concentration inhibited the enzyme. At concentrations where this activity was stimulated, a fatty acid spin label detected an increase in bilayer fluidity, which, it is suggested, is responsible for the activation of the enzyme. A solubilized enzyme was unaffected by the drugs, a finding consistent with this proposal. These cationic drugs began to inhibit the glucagon-stimulated activity at concentrations where they activated the fluoride-stimulated activity. It is suggested that this is due to their effect on the coupling interaction between the receptor and catalytic unit. The anionic drugs, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and salicylic acid, all inhibited the fluoride-stimulated enzyme. This may be due in part to a direct effect on the protein and in part to the interaction of the drugs with the bilayer. The drugs had small inhibitory effects on the lubrol-solubilized enzyme. The glucagon stimulated enzyme was initially inhibited by the anionic drugs at low concentrations, then activated, and finally inhibited with increasing drug concentration. The reasons for such changes are complex, but there was no evidence from electron spin resonance studies to suggest that the elevations in activity were due to increases in bilayer fluidity. PMID- 7218800 TI - The cell substratum modulates skeletal muscle differentiation. AB - During chick embryogenesis, massive alterations occur in the migrating cell's substratum, or extracellular matrix. The possibility that some of the components of this milieu play a regulatory role in cell differentiation was explored in a cell-culture system derived from embryonic chick skeletal muscle tissue. In particular, the effects of collagen and the glycosaminoglycans were studied. Collagen is required for muscle cell attachment and spreading onto plastic and glass tissue-culture dishes. A major constituent of the early embryonic extracellular space, hyaluronate (HA), while having no significant effect on collagen-stimulated cell attachment and spreading, was found to inhibit myogenesis. The muscle-specific M subunit of creatine kinase was preferentially inhibited. Control experiments indicated that the inhibition was specifically caused by HA and not by other glycosaminoglycans. A general metabolic inhibition of the cultures was not observed. Muscle cells could bind to HA-coated beads at all stages of differentiation but were inhibited only when HA was added within the first 24 h of culture. Endogenous GAG in the culture is normally degraded during the first 24 h after plating as well; this may parallel the massive degradation of HA that occurs in the early embryo in vivo. These findings suggest a regulatory role for HA in modulating skeletal muscle differentiation, with degradation of an inhibitory component of the cell substratum a requirement for myogenesis. PMID- 7218801 TI - Mapping the mitotic clock by phase perturbation. AB - In synchronized V79 cells perturbed by serum, heat shock, or ionizing radiation at half-hour intervals through a modal 8.5-hour cell cycle, phase-response curves show a characteristic biphasic pattern of advances and delays in subsequent cell divisions. These observations, together with previous observations of quantizement of generation times in this an other cell lines have led us to consider a model incorporating, in the simplest case, a two-component oscillator with two threshold crossings required per cell cycle. By assuming that oscillator variables respond in a simple way to the experimental perturbations, for example, by first order destruction due to heat shock, a map of the qualitative features of the oscillator can be obtained by matching simulated with experimental phase response curves. Random fluctuations in oscillator variables about a fixed trajectory lead to subthreshold oscillations and result in a distribution of generation times which is roughly a negative exponential, but quantized within this exponential envelope. The extent of the random fluctuations can be determined from comparison with data on desynchronization of a cell population after mitotic selection. The same parameters which correctly simulate phase response and the desynchronization data also give good agreement with generation time distribution data. PMID- 7218802 TI - In vitro maintenance of differentiation marker synthesis by subpopulations of mouse thymocytes. AB - Mouse thymocyte populations enriched in functionally incompetent, "immature" cells on the one hand, or in competent "mature" cell on the other hand, express different steady-state levels of certain surface antigens and marker enzymes. In the cases of the glycoproteins H-2 (K and D), Qa, and TL, and the DNA polymerase terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), these levels reflect different rates of de novo synthesis in the two populations. Thus each population appears to manifest a characteristic pattern of synthetic rates for the various products relative to total protein synthesis. To investigate the maintenance of these patterns, enriched pools of "immature" and "mature" thymocytes were incubated in vitro for 24 h, and the rates of product synthesis before and after culture were compared. H-2 synthesis, initially most rapid in the mature cells, continued to be made at the highest rate in this population. TdT synthesis, a characteristic activity of the immature cells, was not induced in the mature cells, but proceeded at an increased relative rate in the immature population. Therefore, the differences between the rates of H-2 and TdT synthesis were stable properties of the two thymocyte populations. Another marker of immature cells. TL, did not continue to be produced in parallel with TdT. Rather, its synthesis was selectively curtailed in relation to the continuing protein synthesis in the immature cultures. This non-coordinate regulation of TL and TdT production in immature thymocytes may be due to several mechanisms. These are discussed with regard to their implications for pathways of thymocyte maturation. PMID- 7218803 TI - Immunological significance of lymphoreticular infiltration in gastrointestinal cancer. AB - The 60 patients of gastrointestinal cancer comprising this study were in the age range of 29--70 years with 39 males and 21 females. The primary sites of cancer were: gallbladder 19, colon 13, stomach 12, anorectum 8, and liver 8. The stage of tumor spread was localized in 32 and metastatic in 28 cases. Round cell infiltration scores were classified semiquantitatively from O-V. Cellular immunity as expressed by the blood lymphocyte count and DNCB reactivity was also studied. Round cell infiltration was dense in the localized group (P less than 0.0005). The mean lymphocyte counts in all the primary sites of gastrointestinal cancer were significantly higher in the localized group as compared to metastatic group. The DNCB reactivity showed anergy in six cases and poor response in the remaining 22 cases of metastatic group. There was a statistically significant correlation between lymphoreticular infiltration, peripheral blood lymphocyte count, and the DNCB reactivity. Diminished round cell infiltration, lymphopenia, and depressed DNCB response indicate an advanced stage of gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 7218804 TI - Urinary immunoglobulin A in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. AB - Urinary immunoglobulin A levels were measured in the urine of 13 patients with histologically diagnosed bladder cancer present, six patients with culture proven urinary tract infection, and 14 control individuals. There were statistically significantly higher immunoglobulin A levels in the urine of patients with bladder cancer than in either individuals with urinary tract infection or control individuals. Urinary immunoglobulin A may be a potentially useful test for the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer patients. PMID- 7218805 TI - Solitary lung nodule due to Dirofilaria immitis (dog "heartworm"). AB - The filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis (dog "heartworm") is the cause of a progressive zoonosis among canine species in the United States; it is rarely transmitted to man, in whom it can present as a solitary lung nodule. There are currently no reliable clinical or radiologic features to distinguish it from other solitary necrotizing granulomas, and thoracotomy is currently the only means of establishing the diagnosis. D immitis can be identified and properly classified by routine light microscopy despite being immature and partially necrotic. Canine Dirofilariasis may well assume even greater medical importance because of its expanding geographic range and the concomitant increase in the number of cases observed among humans. PMID- 7218806 TI - Surgical management of recurring or metastatic thyroid cancer. AB - The surgical oncologist is sometimes confronted with a patient who was surgically treated for cancer of the thyroid gland and now has recurrent disease. In most instances, additional surgical treatment is indicated. The magnitude of surgery is primarily determined by the amount of tissue removed at the original operation. Surgery for recurrent disease may include completion of total thyroidectomy with dissection of lymphatic tissues in the thyroid compartment or/and neck dissection, preferably modified. Several clinical situations are outlined and discussed. PMID- 7218807 TI - Diagnostic studies of thyroid cancer. AB - Patient with goiter usually has benign disease. While investigation is important, clinical factors weight heavily in the diagnosis of cancer. Aside from serum calcitonin and CEA, biochemical findings are of little help. Radioisotope scanning is of fundamental importance and has an implication in history. Ultrasonography has a diminishing role although its use has led to the widespread acceptance of needle aspiration. Needle aspiration cytology is now the most important maneuver in preoperative assessment and management of the goiter patient. Its results permit refined operative selection, the institution of safe conservative management, and greater organization in surgical treatment. Persistent cooperation between clinician and pathologist can yield a high rate of the reliable preoperative cytological diagnosis obtained by needle aspiration. PMID- 7218809 TI - Classification and staging of thyroid cancer. PMID- 7218810 TI - Side effects of levamisole given to neoplastic patients as adjuvant to surgery: a new case of agranulocytosis. AB - Side-effects to levamisole given as adjuvant to surgery in a consecutive series of 203 neoplastic patients are reported: Thirty-four patients (16.7%) suffered gastric adverse reactions; 8 (3.9%) allergic; 6 (2.9%) intestinal; 6 (2.9% neurologic; 4 (1.9%) severe hyperthermia (more than 40.5 degrees C); 3 (1.4%) flu like illness; 1 (0.4% leucopenia; and 1 (0.4%) agranulocytosis. Withdrawal rate was 5.4% or 11 patients. Side effects appeared sex-related (39.0% in females, 17.7% in males; with seven female dropout out of 11), unrelated to other eventual adjuvant treatments, and reappearing at a new challenge with levamisole. The opportunity of very close control of patients taking levamisole for at least the first months is discussed. PMID- 7218808 TI - Radioiodine therapy of carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - The discovery of functioning metastases of thyroid carcinoma and their appropriate treatment with radioiodine are the keys to long-term survival. Functioning metastases can be adequately found only if postsurgical residual normal thyroid tissue is ablated and total body scanning performed. Radioiodine treatment of functioning metastases following appropriate surgery is the treatment of choice, and long-term follow-up with total body scanning techniques is most important. PMID- 7218811 TI - Therapy for Nb rat tumor transplanted in athymic mice. AB - Two Nb rat prostatic adenocarcinomas, 13 Pr-12, an autonomous tumor, and 2 Pr 128, an androgen-dependent tumor, were transplanted into groups of congenitally athymic nude mice. The agents used for treatment of these tumors are agents characteristically not used in treatment of prostatic adenocarcinoma in humans. However, these have been efficacious in treating other solid malignancies. Both agents, BCNU and Actinomycin-D, were efficacious in producing tumor regression and in causing at least a temporary decrease in tumor growth. The combination of the Nb rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model and nude mouse is presented as an appropriate system to screen therapeutic agents that have proved efficacious in treatment of other solid malignancies but have not been used in treating prostatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7218812 TI - Primary treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. AB - Operations for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma should be individualized on the basis of the pathologic variety and clinically demonstrated extent of carcinoma. Although precise studies have not been carried out specifically to provide treatment plans for various clinical situations, experience does provide management policies to follow currently. The basic operation is thyroid lobectomy. This appears adequate for minimal carcinoma, small (under 1.5 cm diameter) carcinoma, and low grade encapsulated follicular carcinomas of the thyroid. Extent of operation for other clinical patterns of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is indivualized to permit control of the disease in the neck. If well-differentiated carcinoma is recognized only postoperatively, a decision for reoperation can relate to evidence of multicentricity. Improvements in autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue and diagnostic needle biopsy have permitted improvements in therapy in recent years. PMID- 7218813 TI - Subtotal parathyroidectomy: normalization of circulating parathormone. AB - Subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 52 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The postoperative results, 6-24 months following the operation, were evaluated according to a calcium-parathormone normogram. In 48 patients the values returned to the normal zone. Two patients had persistent hypercalcemia. The other two patients remained in the hyperparathyroid zone of the normogram, with moderate elevations of serum parathormone, in spite of normocalcemia. The significance of the failure to achieve normal circulating parathormone levels in patients with postoperative eucalcemia is discussed. The importance of serum parathormone and calcium relationship in the evaluation of patients following parathyroidectomy is emphasized. PMID- 7218814 TI - Gastrostomy and oesophagoplasty with a flap from the greater curvature of the stomach as stages of surgical and combined treatment of cancer of the thoracic oesophagus. AB - Four-hundred fifty-eight patients with cancer of the oesophagus were subjected to revisional laparotomy. Metastases into subphrenic lymph nodes were registered in 24% of the cases with a tumor in the bronchial segment; 42% with tumor in the subbronchial segment; 48% with tumor in the retropericardial segment; 71% with tumors in the sub-, intra-, and supraphrenic segments of the oesophagus. In 345 cases, laparotomy was followed by tube gastrostomy (Beck-Carrel method) with two operative deaths. Fifty-six patients in good condition with a small tumor in the middle part of the oesophagus (less than or equal to 5 cm) without any abdominal metastases were subjected to primary oesophagoplasty: a 30--32-cm tube was formed out of the greater curvature of the stomach and placed retrosternally; gastrostomy was performed on the level of the thyroid cartilage (without any operative deaths). In two weeks, extirpation of the thoracic part of the oesophagus (with preoperative irradiation) was performed on patients with no abdominal metastases. Then the patients with primary oesophagoplasty were subjected to oesophago-gastrostomy of the neck. From six to 12 months following the combined treatment, the gastrostomy tube of 45 patients was lengthened to 30- 32 cm and used for retrosternal oesophagoplasty (six operative deaths). Oesophagoplasty was performed on 14 patients during the extirpation of the oesophagus (six operative deaths). PMID- 7218815 TI - [The isolated perfused rat kidney]. PMID- 7218816 TI - [Hypobaric hypoxia effects on a conditioned avoidance response and on ADP, AMP dopamine and noradrenaline cerebral levels in rats treated or not with naftidrofuryl (author's transl)]. AB - Hypobaric hypoxia (300 mm Hg = 7180 m) was performed during 30 min. for a day during five consecutive days in rats treated or not with naftidrofuryl (15 mg/kg- i.p. daily). A conditioned avoidance response studied on five days shows a reduction of the performances in control rats but not ir treated ones. AMP and ADP cerebral levels were unchanged in the two groups. Hypoxia induced in control rats a reduction of the catecholamine cerebral levels which was not observed in treated rats. In conclusion the protection afforded by naftidrofuryl seems to be due mainly to a reduction of the catecholamine utilization during hypoxia. PMID- 7218819 TI - Dimensional rearrangement of rod-shaped bacteria following nutritional shift-up. I. Theory. PMID- 7218817 TI - [The mechanism of the natriuretic action of dopamine in the anesthetized dogs (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The natriuretic effect of increasing doses of dopamine (1.5 to 15 x 10(-8) moles/kg/min intrarenally) was compared in dogs (pentobarbital anesthetized) who were either water restricted or overhydrated. 2. The dopaminergic response to doses larger than 1.5 x 10(-8) moles/kg/min (3 micrograms) was hidden either by important alpha-adrenergic effects or by renal reaction to the modifications in systemic haemodynamics. 3. Renal blood flow was increased by a dose of 1.5 x 10( 8) moles/kg/min of dopamine. At the same dose, natriuresis was increased only in hydrated dogs. Glomerular filtration rate only increased in water restricted animals. 4. The natriuretic effect of dopamine depended on the catecholamine induced variations of renal haemodynamic. 5. In water restricted animals, the absence of natriuretic effect of dopamine goes in hand with an absence of variation in filtration fraction. 6. In hydrated animals, the dopamine-induced natriuretic effect, in the absence of increased glomerular filtration, is tied to a decreased proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium probably secondary to the haemodynamic effects of this catecholamine. PMID- 7218818 TI - Local male competition and the sex ratio. PMID- 7218820 TI - Unstable dynamics of a periodically driven oscillator in the presence of noise. PMID- 7218821 TI - Evolution and cancer: possible relationships to changes in environmental hydrogen ion concentration. PMID- 7218822 TI - Dynamic patterns of skylight polarization as clock and compass. PMID- 7218823 TI - Crenation and cupping of the red cell: a new theoretical approach. Part I. Crenation. PMID- 7218824 TI - Crenation and cupping of the red cell: a new theoretical approach. Part II. Cupping. PMID- 7218825 TI - Two coupled neural oscillators as a model of the circadian pacemaker. PMID- 7218826 TI - A theoretical study of the carcinogenic nature of some aromatic amines. PMID- 7218828 TI - The "balance" argument and the evolution of sex. PMID- 7218827 TI - A stochastic model for cellular senescence. Part I. Theoretical considerations. PMID- 7218829 TI - New surgical approach to aortic dissection: flow reversal and thromboexclusion. AB - With the aim of decreasing the complications and mortality associated with the current techniques for aortic dissections, we have developed an operation which consists of bypassing the dissected aorta and creating flow reversal in the dissected segment. Seven patients with either acute (five) or chronic aortic dissections (two) were operated upon successfully, with no early or late deaths. Three transient postoperative complications were encountered: low cardiac output, hemiparesis, and renal insufficiency. Postoperative arteriography was performed in five patients and demonstrated exclusion of the dissected lesions by thrombosis following flow reversal in the descending aorta. Follow-up is available from 2 to 28 months (average 13 months), with no long-term complications. PMID- 7218830 TI - Incremental risk factors for spinal cord injury following operation for acute traumatic aortic transection. AB - Of 35 patients operated upon for acute traumatic transection of the upper descending thoracic aorta between 1967 and March 31, 1980, 33 had sufficient information for us to analyze the incidence of spinal cord injury (paraplegia or paresis). This event occurred in eight patients. Multivariate analyses indicated that spinal cord injury was more likely to occur with long aortic cross-clamp times (p = 0.08) when no shunt was employed to perfuse the distal aorta during cross-clamping. The data suggest that if an aortic cross-clamp time exceeding about 30 minutes is anticipated, a shunt should be employed during aortic cross clamping. PMID- 7218831 TI - Bedside evaluation of postoperative sinus node function in children. AB - Sinus node dysfunction in children frequently results from the surgical correction of congenital heart defects. We evaluated postoperative sinus node function at the bedside in 25 children by utilizing atrial epicardial electrodes which were placed near the sinus node at the time of operation. Sinoatrial conduction times (SACTs) and corrected sinus node recovery times (CSNRTs) were determined within 3 days of operation in each patient. Group 1 consisted of 20 patients (aged 1 month to 13 years) with normal postoperative sinus node function. Mean (+/- SD) SACTs and CSNRTs were 122 +/- 33 msec (range 61 to 187 msec) and 165 +/- 54 msec (range 52 to 253 msec), respectively. Preoperative evaluation of sinus node function during cardiac catheterization showed that preoperative and postoperative SACTs and CSNRTs were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) in any of nine patients. Group 2 was composed of five children (aged 1 to 14 years) with postoperative sinus node dysfunction. Three had abnormal SACTs of 230 msec or greater and two children had first-degree sinus node entrance block. Two patients had prolonged CSNRTs. Electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring revealed evidence of sinus node dysfunction in four of the five patients in Group 2. This report describes a simple and safe means of evaluating postoperative sinus node function at the bedside. The data are comparable to those obtained using more conventional methods during cardiac catheterization. PMID- 7218832 TI - Surgical treatment of left free wall accessory pathways of atrioventricular conduction of the Kent type. AB - This report relates the surgical experience with 79 patients with arrhythmias who had 82 left free wall accessory pathways of atrioventricular conduction of the Kent type. The current operation for the interruption of the pathway consists of two steps. First, the localization of the pathway is done by mapping the epicardial excitation sequence of the atria and the ventricles. This is followed by a set group of maneuvers needed to divide the pathway, which is not visible or palpable. First, an endocardial atrial incision is made just above the anulus fibrosus extending 1.5 to 2.0 cm on each side of the pathway's crossing point. Then, a wide separation of the coronary sulcus fat from the atria and ventricles is done. Finally, superficial fibers of the ventricular myocardium are separated from the anulus fibrosus. The surgical problems such as the possible coronary sinus origin of a pathway and the proximity of pathways to the left fibrous trigone are discussed, both from the electrophysiological and the surgical standpoints. The overall success rate for interruption of left free wall pathways has been 90% with no failure in the last 34 patients. PMID- 7218833 TI - Surgical problems with multiple accessory pathways of atrioventricular conduction. AB - Thirty-six accessory pathways of atrioventricular conduction of the Kent type were found in 17 patients in a series of 161 patients subjected to direct operation for arrhythmias caused by the pathways. Careful preoperative studies detected the multiple pathways in 11 patients. In four patients, the additional pathways were found at operation, and in two patients they were found after operation. The operation successfully interrupted 32 of the 36 pathways. Multiple pathways must be sought for in all patients who are operated upon for arrhythmias caused by accessory pathways. PMID- 7218834 TI - Output programmability and reduction of secondary intervention after pacemaker implantation. AB - Six hundred one new or initial pacemaker implants between Jan. 1, 1972, and Dec. 31, 1979, consisted of 289 output-programmable pulse generators and 312 fixed output generators. Standard leads were used in all instances. Of the 289 output programmable pulse generators, 4.5% (13) required revision for failure to capture the heart in the postimplant period; of the 312 fixed-output units. 9.6% (30) required revision (p = 0.015). In 41 patients the early threshold was above standard output (5 V. 10 mamp, 0.5 msec), and in six of them approximately 6 months were required to return to stable threshold levels below standard output. In the remainder, threshold rose above standard output and was managed by increased output of the output-programmable pulse generators, either briefly or permanently. We conclude that output programmability allows reduction in secondary intervention after implantation and that threshold evolution may occupy a period as long as 6 months. PMID- 7218837 TI - Simultaneous bilateral operations for bullous emphysema by median sternotomy. PMID- 7218836 TI - Infection in remnant of left ventricular assist device after successful separation from assisted circulation. AB - There have been two long-term and two short-term survivors among 10 patients in our hospital in whom the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) was implanted for cardiogenic shock after cardiac operations. Two of these four patients developed graft infection in the LVAD remnants left attached to the ascending aorta and left ventricle; one died of sepsis and the other required repeat operations for a chronic draining sinus and hemorrhage from a left ventricular--cutaneous fistula. This experience with infection and demonstration of the feasibility of total removal of both limbs of the LVAD without cardiopulmonary bypass lead us to recommend complete removal of the LVAD conduits in patients weaned from assisted circulation. PMID- 7218838 TI - Surgical repair of congenital tracheal stenosis in an infant. PMID- 7218835 TI - Development and evaluation of electrically actuated abdominal left ventricular assist systems for long-term use. AB - A long-term, totally implantable, electrically actuated, abdominally positioned left ventricular assist system (ALVAS) is being developed, characterized in vitro, and evaluated in vivo for utilization in patients with end-stage cardiac failure refractory to conventional therapeutic techniques. The first two major subsystems of the ALVAS (the pusher-plate blood pump and electrical-mechanical energy converters) have been integrated and are undergoing in vitro characterization and long-term in vivo evaluations in calves. Duration of these studies has exceeded 6 months. System performance in terms of hemodynamic effectiveness, mechanical reliability, and biocompatibility has been excellent and no untoward effects have been observed. Long-term effectiveness of the ALVAS remains to be established in continuing experiments, with a 2 year period of clinical use as an ultimate goal. PMID- 7218839 TI - Thymic hyperplasia with massive enlargement: report of two cases with review of diagnostic criteria. AB - Two cases of massive thymic hyperplasia (MTH) are reported in boys 11 and 14 years of age. Each was detected on routine chest roentgenogram as a large anterior mediastinal mass. Total thymectomy was successfully performed and the two patients were alive and well 9 and 17 years later. The thymectomy specimens weighed 324 and 490 gm, respectively, and had uniform histologic anatomy without lymphoid nodules. Morphometric study documented the massive increase in thymic parenchyma (i.e., true hyperplasia) with retention of a normal proportion of connective tissue expected for age. Since thymic size and structure normally become modified with age, it is essential to consult standard reference data when evaluating hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Gross and histologic features distinguishing MTH from childhood thymoma are discussed. PMID- 7218840 TI - Structure of bovine parietal pericardium and of unimplanted Ionescu-Shiley pericardial valvular bioprostheses. AB - To obtain a basis for the evaluation of postimplantation changes in bioprostheses made of parietal pericardium, we conducted comparative histologic, scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of the structure of (1) normal bovine parietal pericardium, (2) glutaraldehyde-treated pericardial patches to be used for repair of cardiac defects, and (3) pericardial tissue cusps of unimplanted Ionescu-Shiley valves. Bovine parietal pericardium has three layers: (1) the serosa, or mesothelial cell layer; (2) the fibrosa, formed by diversely oriented, wavy bundles of collagen and by elastic fibers, and (3) the epipericardial connective tissue layer, which is partly continuous with the pericardiosternal ligaments. Pericardial patches and pericardial bioprosthetic cusps differ from normal pericardium by being denuded of mesothelium but they have normal degrees of waviness in their collagen. In Ionescu-Shiley valves, the inflow and outflow surfaces of each cusp correspond to the epipericardial and serosal surfaces of parietal pericardium, respectively. The inflow surfaces have a coarse texture, characterized by large bundles of collagen, and the outflow surfaces have numerous grooves, 10 to 30 mu in width and 20 mu in depth, which probably result from pressure exerted on the cuspidal surfaces by cotton material either during manufacturing or packing of the valves. Comparisons of the structure of bioprosthetic pericardial cusps and porcine aortic valve cusps show that the latter have reduced degrees of collagen waviness and a different layered structure: A layer similar to the spongiosa of aortic valve cusps is not present in pericardium. The functional implications of these observations are discussed in detail. PMID- 7218841 TI - Chest film diagnosis of disc embolization in patients with Beall mitral valve prostheses. AB - This report presents the chest film findings in three patients with Beall mitral valve prostheses in whom severe disc wear resulted in disc embolization. In all three cases the worn disc embolized to the thoracic aorta with catastrophic decompensation, and all three patients were salvaged with emergency operation. Detection of the embolized disc was possible with plain chest radiography in each case and may permit removal of the embolized disc at the time of valve replacement. Early detection of disc wear and replacement of worn Beall mitral valve prostheses are advocated to avoid this left-threatening complication. PMID- 7218842 TI - Experimental evaluation of atrial function in right atrium--pulmonary artery conduit operation for tricuspid atresia. AB - Right ventricular bypass operations were performed in dogs by right atrium- pulmonary artery (RA-PA) conduits with closure of the tricuspid valve. Atrial fibrillation (AF) was induced in prebypass (control) and postbypass (postconduit) studies. Six dogs tolerated the procedure and had postoperative sinus rhythm (SR). In the postconduit studies, AF resulted in significant decline in both mean arterial pressure (73 +/- 2 to 65 +/- 2 mm Hg [mean +/- SEM], p less than 0.05) and pulmonary blood flow (1,050 +/- 160 to 880 +/- 110 ml/min, p less than 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the magnitude of these changes and those during control studies. Mean right atrial pressure was markedly elevated (17.3 +/- 1.3 mm Hg) during SR after the conduit operations, but it did not increase significantly with AF. In volume load studies, pulmonary blood flow increased in proportion to rises between 15 and 30 mm Hg in mean right atrial pressure. The results suggest that right atrial contraction is not critical to the maintenance of pulmonary blood flow following RA-PA conduit operations. PMID- 7218843 TI - Results of total correction of tetralogy of Fallot with complete atrioventricular canal. AB - Four patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TF) and complete atrioventricular canal (CAVC) underwent successful intracardiac repair. All patients had undergone preliminary palliative shunts. Associated cardiovascular lesions included muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) and left superior vena cava (one patient), bilateral main pulmonary artery stenosis (one patient), and right aortic arch (two patients). The diagnosis was suspected clinically by electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy and left anterior hemiblock, by echocardiographic findings suggestive of CAVC with aortic dextroposition, and by the association with trisomy 21. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization and cineangiography. Total correction consisted of closure of the VSD and atrial septal defect (ASD), reconstruction of the atrioventricular valves, and relief of the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO). There were no early or late postoperative deaths. Surgically induced complete heart block did not occur. One patient underwent successful reoperation for residual VSD and right ventricular outflow aneurysm. Late hemodynamic evaluation revealed good results in all patients. We recommend a staged treatment plan consisting of preliminary systemic--pulmonary artery shunting for symptomatic children under 4 to 5 years of age and total correction for older children. With proper preoperative diagnosis and accurate intracardiac repair, good results may be obtained after total correction of TF and CAVC. PMID- 7218844 TI - Fractional gradients along the outflow tract of the right ventricle in tetralogy of Fallot: anatomic and hemodynamic correlative study. AB - In 16 patients undergoing surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot, attempts were made to determine where, in the outflow tract, the most critical preoperative obstruction was located. In the open chest, pressures were taken in the right ventricle, proximal conus, distal conus, and pulmonary artery. Pressure gradients between these levels were indicative of stenosis at the infundibular ostium (Ost.), conus (C), and pulmonary valve (PV), respectively. Total delta P = delta P Ost. + delta P C + delta P PV, where delta P is the pressure gradient between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. In order to evaluate the contribution of each obstructive segment to the overall obstruction, we introduced a new term, the fractional gradient (FG). The FG is defined by the following formula: FG = (delta P segmental/delta P total). The average total pressure gradient in this series was 7 mm Hg. The average segmental gradients were 15.5, 39.0, and 17.0 mm Hg for the infundibular ostium, conus, and pulmonary valve, respectively. The FGs across segments were 0.20, 0.54, and 0.26, indicating that only 20% of the average obstruction was located in the infundibular ostium. The remaining obstruction is distal and unrelated to the infundibular ostium. Analysis of the FGs in the various types of conus indicated, from an anatomic viewpoint, that in 80% of patients with tetralogy the infundibulectomy does not have to be radical. PMID- 7218846 TI - Pericardial tamponade and its effect on cardiac performance in absence of the pulmonic valve. AB - A controlled study was undertaken to quantitate and compare the amount of accumulated pericardial fluid causing acute pericardial tamponade in animals with or without an intact pulmonary valve. In 13 mongrel dogs, acute pericardial tamponade was induced by gradual loading of the pericardial cavity with fluid (mean 21.3 cc/m2). In 10 dogs (Group A) the pulmonic valve was completely excised under caval occlusion and the pericardium resealed. In Group B, the control group (n = 3), caval occlusion was performed for the same period of time but the pulmonary valve was left intact. Reloading of the pericardium with fluid in both groups revealed that whereas in the Control Group B a similar volume of fluid was required (mean 213 cc/m2) to cause critical tamponade, in Group A a much smaller volume (mean 132 cc/m2) (40% decrease) now produced tamponade (p less than 0.001). The results of the study may have important practical implications in patients having cardiac operations in which the pulmonary valve is left incompetent, such as after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 7218845 TI - Electroencephalographic changes with hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass in children. AB - Our experience of EEG changes associated with hypothermia, induced predominantly by core cooling, is presented. Easily recognizable, repeatable patterns emerge and four different types of changes are seen, from generalized slowing and loss of faster rhythms progressing to discontinuous activity, burst suppression activity, and finally loss of all cerebral potentials. These patterns were not altered significantly by anesthetic agents or by patient age or weight differences. Abnormalities of various kinds can be distinguished from the hypothermic changes. In particular, continuous epileptiform activity can be recognized and therefore abolished. PMID- 7218849 TI - Transposition and left ventricular wall thickness. PMID- 7218847 TI - Constrictive pericarditis: a case requiring pericardiectomy following Dressler's postmyocardial infarction syndrome. AB - Exertional neck tightness developed 6 months following a myocardial infarction that was complicated by Dressler's syndrome. The patient's symptoms were initially interpreted as angina pectoris but did not respond to antianginal therapy. Findings at cardiac catheterization were indicative of constructive pericarditis. The diagnosis was confirmed at pericardiectomy and the symptoms resolved completely postoperatively. Constrictive pericarditis should be considered as an unusual but important sequel of Dressler's postmyocardial infarction syndrome. PMID- 7218850 TI - Air embolism during mitral valve replacement. PMID- 7218852 TI - A new low-resistance tungsten microelectrode. AB - A very simple method for making varnish-coated, low resistance, fine tip microelectrodes is presented. No plating of the tip is necessary. PMID- 7218853 TI - A method for rapid filling of fine-tipped micropipettes with electrolyte solutions including those containing horseradish peroxidase. AB - Cooling the tips of micropipettes pulled from filament-containing capillary glass dramatically increases the rate and completeness of filling with a variety of electrolyte solutions. In tests with solutions containing horseradish peroxidase this method increased the completeness of filling by more than two orders of magnitude. PMID- 7218848 TI - Management of endobronchial hemorrhage during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Massive endobronchial bleeding during cardiopulmonary bypass was encountered in one patient following pulmonary embolectomy and in another following an elective aorta-coronary bypass procedure. Successful management of this complication necessitates control of ventilation by prolonging cardiopulmonary bypass to ensure adequate oxygenation, suctioning the airway to clear blood from the major tracheobronchial tree, and immediately instituting 20 cm H2O of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) to control endobronchial bleeding. PMID- 7218851 TI - Glass microelectrode tip capacitance: its measurement and a method for its reduction. AB - The frequency response of input amplifiers used for measurement of bioelectric signals from small cells is severely limited by the resistance and capacitance of the fine glass microelectrodes which are required for these measurements. A significant improvement in the frequency response can be realized by employing the technique of input capacitance neutralization. This capacitance neutralization, however, is incomplete since: (1) the bandwidth of the input amplifier is finite; and (2) a fraction of the electrode capacitance is isolated from the amplifier input by a part of the electrode resistance and cannot be compensated. It is therefore desirable to ensure that the electrode capacitance is as low as possible before neutralization. A method is discussed for measuring and predicting the distributed capacitance of the microelectrode and a technique is described for coating the outside of the electrode near the tip with a substance which can lower the electrode capacitance per unit length by as much as 7-fold. The significance of the improved frequency response of the input amplifier that this technique provides is discussed in light of recent advances in intracellular single electrode voltage clamp technique. PMID- 7218854 TI - A high voltage electrometer for recording and iontophoresis with fine-tipped, high resistance microelectrodes. AB - A high voltage electrometer is described which incorporates a controlled current source, direct current monitoring, balance bridge, electrode resistance, and capacitance compensation test circuits. This device is suitable for making biophysical measurements and iontophoresing dyes or enzymes through extremely fine micropipettes with impedances an order of magnitude higher than conventional micropipettes. Such electrodes are useful for recording from the small neurons of the central nervous system in vivo. PMID- 7218855 TI - Single electrode voltage clamp by iteration. AB - A technique for providing conditions of voltage clamp which differs considerably from other voltage clamp schemes has been developed. The feedback network which determines the current which will clamp the cell to the desired voltage does not operate in real time. Instead, the system uses a form of discontinuous feedback. The event to be clamped, which must be one which can be made to repeat itself without change, is elicited and allowed to run to completion without the intervention of feedback. During each repetition of the event, a current waveform is injected whose shape is based on the foregoing trials (iterations). Successive repetitions of this process develop a current waveform which ever more closely clamps the voltage to the desired value. Implementation involves a means of converting the intracellular voltage signal to digital form (a transient recorder), a means of processing the digitalized voltage signal (a digital computer), and a means of delivering the clamping current back to the preparation. The system has two advantages over other voltage clamp techniques. First, that the feedback loop is open in real time confers great stability. This advantage is exploited in the use of iterative voltage clamp in single electrode preparations. Secondly, iterative voltage clamp is essentially unlimited in the speed with which it can respond to transients. This would make the technique of interest even in preparations such as squid giant axon, where two electrodes are used and very fast responsiveness is desired. PMID- 7218856 TI - A method for repeated sampling of cerebrospinal fluid from conscious guinea pigs. AB - A new method is described for obtaining repeated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from conscious, unrestrained guinea pigs. A simple, disposable cannula is introduced into the cisterna magna by puncturing the atlanto-occipital membrane. The cannula is equipped with a silicone rubber disc which is glued to the membrane, forming a firm but flexible seal. Daily CSF samples of at least 100 microliters can be obtained from unrestrained guinea pigs. Chronically cannulated lactating females continued to suckle their litter successfully, and their milk ejection response was not affected by withdrawal of CSF. PMID- 7218857 TI - Extracellular recordings of amino acid induced potential changes in hippocampal slices. PMID- 7218858 TI - Prolonged survival in bronchogenic carcinoma complicated by superior vena cava obstruction. PMID- 7218860 TI - Open lung biopsy in diffuse pulmonary disease. PMID- 7218859 TI - Bird fancier's lung: studies of broncho-alveolar lavage and correlations with inhalation provocation tests. PMID- 7218861 TI - Measurement of mucociliary clearance in smokers and nonsmokers using a bronchoscopic video-technical method. PMID- 7218862 TI - Site of airway obstruction in asymptomatic asthmatic children. PMID- 7218864 TI - Bioethical reductionism and our sense of the human. PMID- 7218863 TI - The neonate with congenital heart disease. Second Edition. PMID- 7218865 TI - Moral assessment and the allocation of scarce medical resources. PMID- 7218866 TI - Control of health care costs: freedom, justice, and the political order. PMID- 7218867 TI - [Neuromuscular manifestations of Besnier- Boeck-Schaumann disease]. PMID- 7218868 TI - [The multiple renal hamartomas of Bournevill's tuberous sclerosis (study of 1 case with angiography)]. PMID- 7218869 TI - [Injuries of the cervical spinal cord from traffic accidents: 1-year evaluation]. PMID- 7218871 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy and fluorescent angiography. Apropos of a year of systematic examination]. PMID- 7218870 TI - [Bacteria isolated in the hospitals of Rabat and their antibiotic sensitivity]. PMID- 7218872 TI - [Organization of the antitubercular campaign in Morocco]. PMID- 7218873 TI - [Semi-synthetic penicillins an their future perspectives]. PMID- 7218874 TI - [Human infection caused by Yersinia enterocolitica. Apropos of purulent pleurisy in a child. The 1st bacteriologically confirmed case of this type in Morocco (the 1st localization in the pleura)]. PMID- 7218876 TI - [A case of obstructive cardiomyopathy: data on its course with a 12-year recession]. PMID- 7218875 TI - [Candida albicans septicemia from: apropos of 11 personal cases]. PMID- 7218877 TI - Scintigraphic evaluation of the skeleton in multiple myeloma. AB - The effectiveness of bone scintigraphy for the detection of skeletal involvement in multiple myeloma was studied in 27 patients. Bone scintigrams and roentgenographic surveys were performed every 6 months for a period of 5 years or less, depending on the final course of the disease. This group was compared with a group of 100 patients with prostatic cancer at the time of initial diagnosis. In the myeloma group, roentgenographic skeletal surveys indicated bone involvement with greater specificity and sensitivity at the time of the initial diagnosis, in follow-up studies, and in the evaluation of bone pain than did scintigrams. In contrast to results in prostatic cancer, the bone scan added little to the management of patients with multiple myeloma. PMID- 7218878 TI - Acupuncture. PMID- 7218879 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 7218881 TI - A prospective study of peripheral occlusive arterial disease in diabetes. I. Clinical characteristics of the subjects. AB - This paper describes the clinical characteristics of a group of normal control subjects, patients with clinical peripheral occlusive arterial disease, patients with diabetes and no clinical peripheral arterial disease, and patients with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease at the time of the enrollment of all subjects in a 5-year study of the factors involved in the progression of peripheral occlusive arterial disease in diabetes. Obesity and hypertension were more common in subjects with diabetes or peripheral occlusive arterial disease (or both) than in the control subjects. Smoking was more common in both groups with occlusive arterial disease than in those without it. The diabetic patients with occlusive arterial disease had a longer duration of diabetes mellitus and a higher rate of other diabetic complications than those without arterial disease. PMID- 7218880 TI - Ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 7218884 TI - Statistics for clinicans 4. Estimation from samples. PMID- 7218885 TI - Occupational lung disease discussed by: Thomas E. Hobbins, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, medical director, respiratory therapy, University of Maryland School of Medicine: medical grand rounds, South Baltimore General Hospital. PMID- 7218883 TI - A prospective study of peripheral occlusive arterial disease in diabetes. III. Initial lipid and lipoprotein findings. AB - Lipid and lipoprotein findings are described in a group of 707 persons consisting of normal control subjects, patients with clinical peripheral occlusive arterial disease, patients with diabetes and no occlusive arterial disease, and diabetic patients with occlusive arterial disease. The mean serum triglycerides were elevated in all groups compared with the normal controls and varied, depending on the type and treatment of the diabetes and fasting plasma glucose concentration. Mean total serum cholesterol did not change among the groups. Unexpectedly, the mean level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in patients with diabetes who had no occlusive arterial disease than in normal subjects. The mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was higher in normal-weight, insulin-treated diabetic patients than in obese diabetics regardless of their treatment. Disturbances in triglyceride metabolism and the related lipoproteins appear to characterize both diabetes and occlusive arterial disease, with the highest mean levels of serum triglycerides being found in subjects with both diabetes and occlusive arterial disease. PMID- 7218882 TI - A prospective study of peripheral occlusive arterial disease in diabetes. II. Vascular laboratory assessment. AB - Noninvasive tests of the peripheral circulation were used to quantify the presence and severity of occlusive arterial disease in the lower extremities in 707 subjects on entry into a prospective study. Four groups were studies: 124 normal subjects, 157 patients with clinically evident occlusive arterial disease, 295 patients with diabetes mellitus without clinically evident occlusive arterial disease, and 131 patients with diabetes mellitus and clinically evident occlusive arterial disease. The lower extremity-to-arm systolic blood pressure ratios at rest, ankle-to-arm systolic blood pressure ratios after exercise, and segmental plethysmographic recordings accurately identified the groups with occlusive arterial disease and quantified the spectrum of severity in each of the groups. The 1-minute postexercise ankle-to-arm systolic blood pressure ratio was the single best indicator in discriminating between normal subjects and patients with occlusive arterial disease. The exercise electrocardiogram was positive in 30 of the 583 patients and in none of the group of normal subjects. The systolic blood pressure was falsely elevated as a result of sclerotic, noncompressible arteries in the segment of the limb under the pneumatic cuffs in 12 of the patients but in none of the normal subjects. PMID- 7218886 TI - Carcinoma of the colon and rectum: Part 1/Epidemiology, etiology and diagnosis. PMID- 7218887 TI - Management of severe head injuries. PMID- 7218888 TI - The Public Relations Committee: an interview with Edward D. Layne, MD, Chairman. Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 7218889 TI - First county-wide Tel-Med in Maryland. PMID- 7218890 TI - Dreams and dreamers. PMID- 7218891 TI - Cystic fibrosis: the welcome problems of success/Part 1. PMID- 7218894 TI - Assessing the performance of medical care systems: a method and its application. AB - As health care becomes more differentiated, fewer people receive the majority of their care from a single source. Yet, most methods for assessing health care focus on the care provided by a single facility or group of practitioners. A method is described which tracks individuals through the diffuse medical care "system" and examines the process of care received for complete episodes of care. Through the use of tracer conditions the individual's pathway through the system is followed and the contribution of the various system components (e.g., facilities and providers) is assessed for various functions of care (e.g., screening, diagnosis, treatment), thus pinpointing deficiencies in the process of care. The method is designed to sample systematically from the entire provider and consumer system. Use of this methodology in a variety of settings, including American Indian communities, has proved to be feasible and has uncovered deficiencies in the delivery of health services which might have been overlooked by other approaches. This article describes the assessment method and presents selected results which demonstrate the assessment outputs. PMID- 7218895 TI - Use of diagnostic services by physicians in community practice. AB - This study analyzes the use of diagnostic studies by community physicians. Data from billing claims for outpatient visits by Medicaid recipients in three northeastern Pennsylvania counties during a 38-month period were studied, including 55,420 visits to 336 physicians. The use of outpatient laboratory tests and roentgenograms was correlated with the personal characteristics of the prescribing physicians. When case mix was controlled, analysis by specialty showed that internists ordered approximately the same number of procedures as family physicians, and both groups ordered more procedures than general practitioners. The number of years since medical school graduation showed a statistically significant inverse relationship with laboratory and radiology use. Public school graduates ordered more laboratory tests than private school graduates, and foreign medical graduates ordered more roentgenograms than domestic graduates. Other variables, including size and location of practice, and osteopathic or medical training, were not significantly related to patterns of use. PMID- 7218893 TI - Measuring the quality of clinical performance with hernia and myocardial infarction patients, controlling for patient risks. AB - This article describes a method for measuring the performance of clinicians treating patients with unilateral inguinal hernia or myocardial infarction. The scoring was based upon the percentage of occasions when appropriate education was given and acute conditions resolved in accordance with clinical expectations. The method was applied to patients of general surgical and general medical firms at two London teaching hospitals in 1972 and 1975. Scores for samples of each diagnosis correlated significantly with subjective evaluations of care by clinicians. Multiple regression was used to identify and weight the patient risk factors (physiological and demographic) significantly associated with lower scores in each disease. Score of patients with these risks were adjusted upward to compensate for the difficulty of achieving good clinical results when these risks were present. Comparison of firms was based upon adjusted scores. Being older and being single, widowed or divorced were significant in both diseases. High blood pressure and anemia were also significantly associated with lower scores for hernia patients, as were the number of cigarettes smoked for infarction patients. The range of scores was wide in surgical firms in both years. While relatively narrow in the medical firms, scores suggest that there is still scope for improvement in some firms. The authors discuss a plan for using these data to arrive at score standards for each disease which could be used to screen clinical care routinely. PMID- 7218892 TI - Comparison of a criteria map to a criteria list in quality-of-care assessment for patients with chest pain: the relation of each to outcome. AB - In a prospective study we compared the ability of two quality assessment methods- the standard criteria list and the criteria map--to predict the appropriateness of the disposition decision for 421 patients with chest pain who presented to two emergency departments. To evaluate the quality of this decision, each patient was followed at home or in the hospital to determine whether an acute condition requiring hospital admission was present. Among the 169 discharged patients, the map scores of the eight with admissible disease were significantly higher than the score for those without admissible disease (p = 0.02). For the 252 admitted patients, a similar relationship between map score and the admissible disease outcome was observed (p = 0.0001). There was no significant relationship between list score and outcome among either the admitted or the discharged patients. Multivariate logistic analyses confirmed the importance of the map score as a predictor of admissible disease. The map score was superior to the list score and to demographic variables in its ability to correctly classify patients with and without admissible disease. The demonstrated relationship between map score and patient outcome enables the map to be used in a quality assurance system. An institution can ensure that physicians review an enriched sample of the inappropriate discharges and the unjustified admissions by selecting admitted patients with low map scores and discharged patients with high map scores. PMID- 7218896 TI - The validity of the medical record. AB - The medical record is the source of information for many purposes, including evaluation of the quality of care provided. Despite this reliance on the record, there have been few attempts to validate the recorded content against the verbal content of the interaction between patient and physician. In this study, we compared the record with verbatim transcripts of outpatient visits. Overall, 59 per cent of units of information present in either source were found in the record. Recording was more complete for the chief complaint (92 per cent) and information related to the patient's present illness (71 per cent) than for other medical history (29 per cent). Incomplete recording of elicited information may partially explain the often low levels of performance of recommended care items found in quality-of-care studies. We suggest that more attention be paid to improving communication about tests and therapies to patients. PMID- 7218897 TI - How sophisticated are consumers about the medical care delivery system? AB - A 10-item questionnaire was administered to non-elderly persons (N = 4,976) to measure their sophistication or knowledgeability about the medical care delivery system. Such sophistication seems germane to views about the appropriate role consumers might play in decisions affecting resource allocation, especially whether competition or cost-sharing strategies should be pursued or whether certain regulatory strategies are more promising. Analyses of individual items suggest that consumers are knowledgeable about some matters and uninformed about others. If a pro-competitive strategy is pursued, efforts at educating consumers about board certification, staff privileges and other information pertinent to choosing a regular source of care seems warranted. Factor analyses indicated that a substantial amount of the information contained in item responses can be summarized in a multi-item scale score. The reliability and validity of this scale as a measure of patient sophistication was supported. PMID- 7218898 TI - Proposal for national health insurance and health policy: social survey results. AB - Numerous proposals for national health insurance (NHI) are before the Congress. This study measures public preferences for three widely debated forms of NHI bases on national survey data from 1978. Analyses of the comprehensive, catastrophic and deductible forms of NHI are conducted separately using the multivariate probit technique. Findings suggest that, in general, public preference is greatest for the comprehensive plan and lowest for the catastrophic plan. Supporters of the comprehensive plan tend to be young, Democrats, members of lower socioeconomic groups, nonwhite, residents of the West, Northeast or urban areas, and without extended health insurance coverage. Support of NHI options is associated with political party preference as well as sociodemographic characteristics. PMID- 7218899 TI - Validity, reliability and implications of an index of inpatient severity of illness. AB - We discuss statistical characteristics of AS-SCORE, a recently developed index of illness severity for medical patients. The acronym "AS-SCORE" indicates the five major attributes of the index: age, system involved, stage of the disease, complications and response to therapy. The reliability of both the four-class system (k = .84) and the additive point scoring system (r = .92) was substantiated by two judges who independently classified and scored 105 records. We also tested the content validity of the four-class system and found that as severity increased there was a concomitant increase in hospital charges, laboratory charges, length of stay, number of consultations and mortality rates. In addition, we performed a regression analysis to determine the relative contributions of each of the attributes to the AS-SCORE value. We describe how we used the AS-SCORE severity of illness index to compare physician practice patterns and we suggest several other potential uses. We concluded that the AS SCORE index is a reliable, valid and useful prototype method to assess differences in severity of illness for medical patients. PMID- 7218900 TI - Short- and long-term residents of nursing homes. AB - This article analyzes reported data on length of stay of discharged patients from the 1977 National Nursing Home Survey. Assuming that patients admitted to nursing homes are one of two types, short-stayers and long-stayers, the statistically best-fitting proportions and expected lengths of stay for the two types are derived. The results are applied to statistics on characteristics of resident and discharged patients to find admission characteristics that differentiate the two groups. Because long-stayers and short-stayers have quite different characteristics, nursing home statistics will be very different if one bases them on discharges or a cross-section of residents. For example, we estimate that short-stay patients represent 61 per cent of discharges but only 9 per cent of residents. A further application shows that, including deaths in hospitals, almost half of discharged patients die, rather than the usually cited figure of 25 per cent. PMID- 7218902 TI - [Is continence possible in digestive system stomies?]. PMID- 7218901 TI - [Colonic necrosis in necrotico-hemorrhagic acute pancreatitis. Role of shock (apropos of 5 cases)]. PMID- 7218903 TI - [Is duodenal ulcer predictable by the determination of a "secretory index"?]. PMID- 7218906 TI - [Amebic liver abscess. Diagnosis and treatment of 42 patients]. PMID- 7218904 TI - [Medullary cancer with amyloid stroma, motor diarrhea, and mucosal neuromatosis. Histochemical and hormonal study]. PMID- 7218905 TI - [Peritoneojugular shunt for irreducible ascites. Study of 16 cases]. PMID- 7218907 TI - Disappearing gallstones. PMID- 7218908 TI - [Acute infectious diarrhea. Treatment with loperamide]. PMID- 7218909 TI - [Survey of the medical motivations for ordering liver tests in non-hospital medical laboratories]. PMID- 7218910 TI - [Survey of the medical motivation for ordering liver tests in a large hospital]. PMID- 7218912 TI - [Value of the assay of bile acids in pediatrics]. PMID- 7218911 TI - [Current role of biochemical tests in hepatology]. PMID- 7218913 TI - [Primary antitissue antibodies in hepatology. New data and personal results]. PMID- 7218914 TI - [Physical examinations useful in following the course of liver tumors]. PMID- 7218915 TI - [Radiologic study of liver tumors in 1980]. PMID- 7218916 TI - [Bilirubins. Analytical difficulties encountered in their determination]. PMID- 7218917 TI - [Methods used by the National Fund for Health Insurance of Salaried Workers in estimating the cost of liver diseases]. PMID- 7218918 TI - [Indicators for estimating the effective consumption of alcoholic beverages]. PMID- 7218919 TI - [Alcoholic liver diseases. Diagnostic optimum]. PMID- 7218921 TI - International symposium on ursodeoxycholic acid, Paris, 1980. Abstracts. PMID- 7218920 TI - [Lasers. Current indications in digestive medicine and surgery]. PMID- 7218922 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as acute duodenal obstruction in the absence of jaundice. PMID- 7218923 TI - [Stomalene in esophagogastric pathology, Study in 25 patients]. PMID- 7218924 TI - [Self-limited idiopathic fever. A study of twenty cases (author's transl)]. AB - Out of 23 cases with a final diagnosis of idiopathic fever, 20 had self-limited fever with complete resolution. Comparing the cases of self-limited fever with other groups of patients with fever of unknown origin, the following differences were apparent: compared with tumoral and collagen diseases, self-limited fever occurred more frequently below age 40, the difference being significant (p less than 0.01). Chills occurred more frequently in self-limited fever than in tumoral and collagen diseases, while the incidence was similar in infectious diseases. Infectious, tumoral and collagen diseases presented with significantly greater weight loss (p less than 0.01) than self-limited fever. A greater incidence of hepatosplenomegaly was noted in self-limited fever than in infectious diseases. Hemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were significantly higher in self-limited fever than in the other illnesses. The NBT test was positive, with a reduction superior to 30% in the six cases in whom it was performed. In nine cases various invasive procedures were utilized: radiology, biopsy, laparoscopy (two cases), and laparotomy (one case). The data on the present series of self limited idiopathic fever support an infectious origin of the disease because of the following: absence of an age difference with the group with a demonstrated infectious cause; fever of less than two months duration in most cases; presence of chills and less incidence of weight loss, anemia, and elevated ESR in relation to the other groups of fever of unknown origin; a positive NBT test; and spontaneous evolution to complete resolution of the disease. PMID- 7218925 TI - [Clostridium septicum bacteremia in a diabetic patient (author's transl)]. AB - This report concerns the clinical and bacteriological study of a female diabetic who presented with a febrile illness of sudden onset and acute toxemia. Physical examination at admission was unrewarding. A few hours after admission lesions characteristic of gas gangrene appeared in the right upper limb without prior trauma, and a clostridial infection was suspected. Bacteriological studies of the exudate and of the patient's blood led to the isolation of Clostridium septicum, thus confirming the clinical suspicion. The disease had a precipitous course and the patient died 12 hours after admission in spite of the administration of high doses of intravenous penicillin. While waiting for bacteriological data, early antibiotic treatment appears to be indicated in any diabetic patient with an acute toxic syndrome and absence of localized infection. PMID- 7218926 TI - [Treatment of non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 7218927 TI - [Potassium metabolism disorders (II)]. PMID- 7218928 TI - [Polymyalgia rheumatica and associated diseases]. PMID- 7218929 TI - [V-wave in post-infarct septal rupture]. PMID- 7218930 TI - [The liver and hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7218931 TI - [Legionnaires' disease in Vizcaya]. PMID- 7218932 TI - [Mild forms of Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 7218933 TI - [Idiopathic cerebellar calcification]. PMID- 7218934 TI - [Musculoskeletal syndrome in heroin addicts]. PMID- 7218935 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and allopurinol]. PMID- 7218936 TI - [Post-pyelographic acute renal insufficiency in a diabetic patient]. PMID- 7218937 TI - [Fever of unknown origin. A study of 100 cases (author's transl)]. AB - This report concerns the analysis of 100 cases of fever of unknown origin, defined according to the criteria of Petersdorf and Beeson. An etiological diagnosis could be reached in 77 cases, distributed as follows: infections, 32 cases; tumors, 14 cases; collagen diseases, 13 cases; various etiologies, 18 cases; and idiopathic, 23 cases of whom 20 had selflimited fever. There were 51 male and 49 female. The incidence of infectious diseases was significantly higher below age 40 when compared with the group of collagen diseases. Recurrent fever was common (43 cases) while continuous fever was unusual (3 cases). Recurrent fever was most frequent in neoplastic diseases, the difference in relation to the other groups being statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Chills, diffuse perspiration and myalgia were more frequent in infectious diseases (p less than 0.01) than in the other groups. Collagen diseases had significantly higher (p less than 0.05) white blood cell counts than neoplastic diseases, while the latter had significantly higher (p less than 0.01) serum lactic-dehydrogenase and alpha 2 globulin levels than infectious and collagen diseases. Hepatosplenomegaly was present more frequently in neoplastic than in infectious diseases. When evaluating diagnostic procedures it was noted that invasive techniques (arteriography, biopsy, laparoscopy, laparotomy) were essential to arrive to the final diagnosis in 47 cases, while noninvasive procedures (serological and immunological tests, bacteriology, conventional radiology, clinical course, and response to therapy) were sufficient in 22 cases. In eight cases the etiology of the fever could only be determined by post-mortem examination. PMID- 7218938 TI - [Chest radiology in rheumatoid arthritis. A study of 89 patients (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic interstitial pneumonia, necrobiotic nodules and pleural lesions are felt to be extraarticular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In a prospective study, posteroanterior and lateral chest X-ray films were taken in 89 patients with classical or definite RA (15 male and 74 female), of whom 64 (71.9%) were seropositive. The findings were compared with those of 103 age and sex matched controls. The chest X-rays were blindly evaluated by two of the authors (a pneumologist and a radiologist), and the presence of an interstitial pattern, nodules or pleural lesions was recorded. The following results were obtained: Interstitial pattern, in patients with RA, 5/89 (5.6%), and in controls, 5/103 (4.6%). Pulmonary nodules, in RA, 2/89 (2.2%), and in controls, 2/103 (1.9%). Pleural adhesions, in RA, 32/89 (35.9%), and in controls, 24/103 (23.5%). The results of the present series demonstrate that radiological pulmonary lesions are not more frequent in RA than in controls, similar conclusions having been reached by other authors. PMID- 7218941 TI - [National Department of Health and Welfare comment on a 5-year coverage of cases submitted to the liability commission: More than half pass judgments in more serious cases]. PMID- 7218940 TI - [Plasma cholesterol determination]. PMID- 7218939 TI - [A study of the urinary acidifying capacity of patients chronically treated with anticonvulsants (author's transl)]. AB - The subjects of this study were 18 patients with essential or secondary epilepsy under treatment with anticonvulsant drugs (hydantoins and phenobarbital) for periods of time varying between 8 months and 22 years. In all of them the serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and the renal tubular capacity to acidify the urine were measured. Mean serum calcium and phosphorus levels were normal, while alkaline phosphatase was significantly elevated (p less than 0.0005). The renal threshold for bicarbonate was lowered to a mean of 23.01 +/- 2.86 (p less than 0.01). Distal tubular function was normal in all cases. When the patients are divided into two groups according to the duration of treatment (more or less than 100 months), the group with longest therapy shows an elevation of alkaline phosphatase (p less than 0.0005), a lowering of serum calcium (p less than 0.025) and a reduction of the renal threshold for bicarbonate (p less than 0.005) when compared to the group with shortest therapy. PMID- 7218942 TI - [Mental retardation in children: methods of research laboratory analysis in inherited metabolic defects]. PMID- 7218943 TI - [Sports and eye injuries. Racket sports caused 40%]. PMID- 7218944 TI - [Physical work capacity--sex differences]. PMID- 7218945 TI - [Indications for lung X-ray examination in children]. PMID- 7218946 TI - [Malignant hematologic disease--a study in Jamtland County over a 15-year period]. PMID- 7218947 TI - [Hyperosmolar non-ketonic diabetic coma. Pathophysiological mechanisms]. PMID- 7218948 TI - [Antibiotic mixtures in bone cements--a new method of local antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 7218949 TI - [Is medical theorizing bankrupt? Seeking a better ground for the medical care of tomorrow]. PMID- 7218950 TI - [Clinical experience with granulocyte transfusions]. PMID- 7218951 TI - [Minimal-organic brain dysfunction. Functional disorder of the central nervous system associated with reflex anomalies]. PMID- 7218952 TI - [Health for all by the year 2000 - is that true for all the children of the world, too?]. PMID- 7218953 TI - [Report from the National Bacteriological Laboratory on toxic shock syndrome. 20 probable cases in Sweden]. PMID- 7218954 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome in a 15-year-old girl]. PMID- 7218955 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome with severely impaired circulation]. PMID- 7218956 TI - [Calmodulin - a protein with many roles]. PMID- 7218957 TI - [Whooping cough in adults no longer uncommon, a danger for the newborn and small infant]. PMID- 7218958 TI - [The tarsal tunnel syndrome in children]. PMID- 7218959 TI - [Early pregnancy diagnosis with rapid, specific radioimmunological determination of hCG in serum]. PMID- 7218962 TI - [Population study of women in Gothenburg]. PMID- 7218960 TI - [Anaerobic gynecologic and obstetrical infections]. PMID- 7218961 TI - [Autologous blood transfusions in elective surgery]. PMID- 7218963 TI - [Physiological adjustment to physical training at high altitudes]. PMID- 7218964 TI - [Independent shock-trauma units serving a section of the State of Maryland]. PMID- 7218966 TI - [Infection panorama among Vietnamese boat refugees]. PMID- 7218965 TI - [Does coffee increase the risk of pancreas cancer?]. PMID- 7218967 TI - [Medical care of boat refugees]. PMID- 7218968 TI - [Radiation therapy of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7218969 TI - [Hazards of care III. Reports on side-effects from staff and patients]. PMID- 7218970 TI - [Liver injury after exposure to solvents?]. PMID- 7218971 TI - [Inversion versus amputation of the appendix: an objective comparison of 440 randomized cases (author's transl)]. AB - Normal or scarred appendixes may be removed by amputation or inversion. Inversion is appealing for its high degree of asepsis, but criticized for the possibility of organ retention with consecutive invagination. The risks and advantages of amputation appear to be exactly the opposite. For objective comparison, a prospective study was undertaken, using both procedures in 400 cases of solitary and 40 cases of complementary appendectomies at a random number key. Wound infection was observed in 0.5% following inversion, in 8% following amputation as a solitary procedure. Both methods were equally followed by wound infections which performed as complementary procedures. However, inversion was free of enterogenous infection in all cases. Technical precautions were taken to facilitate sloughing of inverted appendixes. No clinical symptoms indicating retention or correlated complications were observed. PMID- 7218972 TI - [Thoracic epidural analgesic (TEA) or controlled ventilation in the treatment of patients with multiple rib fractures (author's transl)]. AB - In the last seven years 283 trauma patients were treated for multiple rib fractures and/or flail chest. Primary management consisted of only morphine analgesia in 16 patients, TEA in 112 patients, and mechanical ventilation in 155 patients. The indication for mechanical ventilation was always associated injuries (cerebral contusion, para- and tetraplegia, aspiration, severe lung contusion) and not the instability of the thoracic cage. PMID- 7218973 TI - [Reflux and emptying rates in gastroduodenal and gastrojejunal anastomoses after distal resection of the stomach: animal experiments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7218974 TI - [Reinterventions following the implantation of atrial electrodes (author's transl)]. AB - During the past 3 years 41 atrial electrodes (36 J-leads and 5 screw-in electrodes) were implanted for stimulation and/or triggering in 39 patients selected by haemodynamic criteria. In seven patients (18%) reinterventions had to be performed because of a rise in threshold (four cases) and dislocation or unstable position of the electrode (three cases). Reposition of the electrode was successful in only one case, while in four cases a ventricular electrode was implanted and the stimulation mode converted to ventricular pacing. In two other patients the complication was managed by changing the type of electrode. PMID- 7218975 TI - [Late results in supraaortic reconstructions (author's transl)]. AB - Since 1965 we have performed 602 reconstructions at the supraaortic branches, mainly at the carotid artery. Follow-up showed equally good long-term results in subclavian reconstructions by transthoracic and extrathoracic approach. The patency was 90% after 6 years. Mortality in carotid endarterectomy was 1.6%. According to the Life Table Method the survival rate was 57.6% after 5 years in stage I, 73.7% in stage II, and 66% in stage IV. PMID- 7218976 TI - [Late results of 336 femorotibial bypasses (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 336 femorotibial reconstructions were performed at the surgical clinic of the University of Erlangen and the Furth City Hospital between 1966 and 1978. Mortality was 1.5%, and 89.6% of the patients were discharged with functioning reconstructions. The Life Table Method showed a patency of 58.7% after 5 years and 56.7% after 7 years follow-up for the saphenous vein graft. PMID- 7218978 TI - [Open or/and closed operation technic in case of cholesteatoma (author's transl)]. AB - The different, but partly very high percentage of recurrence cholesteatoma and the by that necessary re-operations could lead to the conclusion to turn away from the closed operation technic. We have tried by means of 654 re-operations to find out the reasons for failures made by us and others. From this result conclusions were drawn in regard of improving diagnosis, indication and therapy. Both operation technics shall for the future keep their right to exist, but with a different indication basis. We give the open technic - because for the advantage of its radicality against the cholesteatoma - again more change, keep in mind to use in addition the Mastoid Obliteration Method. The "second look" in case of the closed technic should be indicated exceptionally. PMID- 7218979 TI - [Otosclerosis: surgical improvement of hearing and primary labyrinthine efficiency (author's transl)]. AB - The result of stapedectomy in which the stapes were replaced by a Schuknecht prosthesis is examined on the basis of 156 audiograms. Of particular interest is the connection between the degree of restored hearing through surgery and the preoperative bone-conduction hearing loss. The degree of restored hearing can be proved to be independent of the preoperative performance of the inner ear, which means that in patients with a higher degree of inner-ear involvement the raising of the air-conduction hearing threshold is achieved in the same way as in patients without inner-ear involvement. PMID- 7218980 TI - [An indirect method to improve the anthelix fold for the correction of prominent ears. The technique of adduction (author's transl)]. AB - The technique of adduction for the correction of prominent ears endeavours to improve the anthelix fold by an indirect method. This is achieved by fixing the eminentia triangularis by means of a traction suture to the lower edge of the temporal muscle. Thus the cymba conchae is reduced and the angle of the anthelix fold sharpened. At the same time the cartilage relief in the region of the cavum conchae is not influenced despite the excision of a strip of cartilage. This method is relatively uncomplicated and can be performed by the less experienced surgeon also. PMID- 7218977 TI - [Examination of the environment in laryngeal papillomatosis and prophylactic possibilities]. PMID- 7218981 TI - [The measuring of voice area, a method of examination for the otolaryngological practice (author's transl)]. AB - It is reported about the measuring of voice area as a completion of phoniatric diagnosis. This is a more objective procedure that is qualified for the documentation of voice disorders, especially for medical certificates. It gives valuable information for qualification ratings and supports the developmental control of voice therapy and training of singers. The whole procedure lasts about 10 minutes usually. PMID- 7218982 TI - [The parotid gland as target organ of regional and distant metastases (authors' transl)]. AB - The lymph nodes of the parotid gland get their tributary lymph vessels from the skin of the face, the scalp and the anterior face of the concha. Therefore malignant skin tumours--the majority of them are melanomas and squamous cell carcinomas--may lead to parotid metastases. In comparison to these regional metastases, parotid metastases of distant tumors are extremely rare. The paper describes for the first time a parotid metastases of an uterus sarcoma. PMID- 7218983 TI - [Award of damages in insufficient information in an ear operation. Is the consulting physician who had not participated also responsible?]. PMID- 7218984 TI - [Indications for tympanotomy in "sudden deafness" and round window membrane rupture (author's transl)]. AB - An operative exploration of the middle ear should be undertaken when deafness ins complete, when vestibular signs are present and when the patient asks for immediate medical care. The closure of the round window with soft tissue or fascia graft should be done within an few days after the event of "sudden deafness". We do not use an infusion therapy or blockade of ganglion stellatum in these cases and those of head trauma, because we saw no hearing gain after later operative intervention. PMID- 7218985 TI - [Psychogenic deafness - a rare problem in the differential diagnosis of the sudden deafness (author's transl)]. AB - The sudden deafness is in our days a well known clinical picture, which incidence seems to augment. Already in 1950 Fowler described the frequent coincidence of psychosomatic disturbances with the sudden deafness. On these conditions a psychogenic deafness can be taken in some cases for a sudden deafness, if there is not carried out at least one simulation test. An additional hint at an "hysteric" deafness could be the otalgia, which we found in patients. The unilateral hearing disturbance is not a reliable sign against the psychogenic deafness as could be demonstrated in our cases as well as in a case of Hallberg (1956). PMID- 7218986 TI - [A report of two fatal aspirations of nasal packings (author's transl)]. AB - Both patients underwent septoplasty in general anaesthesia. Some minutes after extubation they aspirated nasal packings into the deep airway. Reanimation was successful at first, but both patients died seven days later to anoxic brain damage. PMID- 7218987 TI - [Technic of surgical treatment of carotid body tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Carotid body tumors of rare occurrence in the cervical region. Through microsurgical operative techniques the risk of hemorrhages and lesions of the carotid artery as well as accompanying dangers for the brain have been reduced. Special problems of microsurgical extirpation including preparation by means of a bipolar coagulation forceps are cleared up. PMID- 7218988 TI - [Carotid body tumor of a 82-year-old female patient (author's transl)]. AB - A 82-year old female patient with a tumor of the carotid body is presented. With regard to other cases pathogenesis, classification, diagnostics, symptomatology and therapeutics are discussed. PMID- 7218990 TI - [Intraarterial chemotherapy in carcinomas of the oral cavity, oro- and hypopharynx (author's transl)]. AB - Intraarterial chemotherapy using Methotrexate (MTX) was applied on 128 patients with carcinoma of the head and neck. If possible, the operation was performed followed by radiation, including cervical lymph nodes after initial chemotherapy. The aim of i.a. chemotherapy is to realise a partial remission of the tumor mass so that better conditions are available for the following operation respectively radiation. The 1 year NED results and the 3 year survival rate show an improvement in comparison with published results, including the regional lymph nodes metastases. This is especially the case when chemotherapy is followed by the operation and radiation. The tumor mass and in many cases the regional lymph nodes were reduced and subjective complaints were lessened. -- The additional i.a. chemotherapy with MTX seems to us justified, especially because of the low complication rate, although it is no substitute for radiation and surgery. PMID- 7218991 TI - [Morphological and cell kinetic investigations on squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx under intraarterial therapy of methotrexat and irradiation (author's transl)]. AB - To examine the effect of methotrexate therapy and irradiation morphological and cell kinetic studies were performed on squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx at the begin, the middle and the end of therapy. In the incubated biopsies the morphological pattern especially the proliferative activity of the carcinomas under therapy and after estimation of the mitotic index changed not significantly. However, the cell kinetic analysis by in vitro autoradiography with tritiated thymidine showed a continuous decrease of the labeling indices of tumor cells. These cell kinetic results were in good agreement with the clinical findings and supported a good response of squamous cell carcinomas on intraarterial methotrexate therapy as well as on irradiation. PMID- 7218992 TI - [New aspects and experiences of radiotherapy of hypopharynx carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - The results of tumors of the hypopharynx treated by radiotherapy alone are not satisfied. Only 9.5% out of 76 patients with tumors of the hypopharynx had a 5 years survival without relapse. Possibilities to improve the treatment results are combined modalities including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. PMID- 7218989 TI - [Combined radiosurgical treatment of advanced carcinoma of the larynx (T3-4 NO 3). A retrospective comparison between sandwich technique and post-operative irradiation (author's transl)]. AB - From 379 cases of laryngeal and pharyngeal carcinomas we picked out the T3-4 NO-3 tumors and proved whether the sandwich technique or the postoperative irradiation will give the better 5 year survival rates. For supraglottic carcinomas the 5 year survival rate is 59.9% after sandwich therapy and 53.0% after post-operative irradiation. In advanced glottic and hypopharyngeal cancers the prognosis does not depend on one of the both therapeutic schedules: the 5 year survival rate is 55.5% resp. 51.3% and 10.0% resp. 8.3%. Summarizing the carcinomas of all regions of the larynx, that is without the hypopharyngeal neoplasms, we got 54.6% after sandwich and 53.2% after post-operative irradiation. The statistical calculations demonstrate that the sandwich technique will improve the prognosis of supraglottic carcinomas distinctly. Radiotherapy alone in the treatment of advanced cancers of the larynx and hypopharynx is insufficient. The survival chance however depends essentially on the preoperative established lymph nodes. In our material the 5 year survival rate has been deteriorated by more than 25% in the case of N1-3. PMID- 7218994 TI - [Squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior commissure and penetration of the laryngeal framework]. AB - 61 glottic and 57 supraglottic advanced carcinomas of the larynx were investigated histologically by serial coronal sections. 29 glottic cancers spreading out more horizontally also rose from the anterior commissure. 7 supraglottic and 24 glottic carcinomas with a vertical extension to the sub- or supraglottic space involved the anterior commissure or the anterior subglottic wall secondarily. After a short introduction in the actually known principles of the anatomy of laryngeal cancer the behaviour of squamous cell carcinomas at the anterior commissure is reported. Carcinomas of the anterior commissure have a high tendency to involve the anterior subglottic wall. Tumour growth in this area is the most important condition for penetration of the laryngeal framework. Nearly all these cancers broke through the lower frontal ossified part of the thyroid cartilage without or including the cricothyroid membrane. Therefore glottic cancers with subglottic spread also preferred this direction to the prelaryngeal space. The importance of further histological findings for the technique of partial laryngectomy is discussed. More than half of the investigated carcinomas were treated by a planned preoperative irradiation of 3000 rad. By comparison with the posterior regions the frontal areas of these tumours showed microscopically a lower visible response to the radiotherapy. In our opinion this indicates that radiation failure in carcinomas of the anterior commissure is caused by the usually applied cross field radiation technique. PMID- 7218993 TI - [Combined cytostatic-radiologic therapy of advanced malignant tumors in otorhinolaryngology. Experiences and results with over 100 patients]. AB - For over ten years the therapy schedule of combined treatment (partial synchronisation) has been clinically tested and applied. Positive results are reported. The reasons for these positive results seem to be more the additive effects than the synchronisation. Despite some doubts concerning the effectivity of synchronisation, these so called partial synchronisation therapy has been applied since 1972 because of the encouraging own results and the positive results reported by other authors. 5 FU, Vincristine, Bleomycin and Adriamycin have been used as cytostatic drugs; the highly differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas should be treated with Bleomycin. Our report covers the results of over 100 patients with malignant ENT-tumors treated by the schedules. Most patients came with advanced inoperable tumors or recurrences after surgery and/or irradiation; the combined therapy with 5 FU Bleomycin and Adriamycin increased complications and side effects than radiotherapy alone. A recent trend is to use Bleomycin or Adriamycin as cytostatic drugs. The breakdown of survival rates according to the tumor localisation shows the best 5 year survival times of patients with laryngeal/hypopharyngeal carcinomas (advanced tumors respectively recurrences). This combined therapy leading to a surprising remission in a short time and to a prolongation of life with supportable feelings, seems to be an usefull supplement of therapeutical methods in advanced ENT-tumors. PMID- 7218995 TI - Presidential address. American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc. The Triological society and you. PMID- 7218996 TI - The overall management of salivary gland disorders. AB - Two studies are reported in an attempt to give a broader interpretation of the management of salivary gland disorders. One study analyzes 232 patients seen over a six year period and divides the grouping into parotid, submaxillary, and accessory salivary gland disorders. The numbers and percentages of patients who underwent surgery are reported along with a pathological break-down of the various lesions encountered. Eighty-five (36%) of the 232 patients had a documented surgical procedure. Thirty-eight of the entire 232 patients had tumor involvement, for a 16% incidence of neoplasia. At the same time 244 patients had various sorts of salivary gland surgery in the four local hospitals. Of these, 210 had either a parotidectomy or submaxillary gland excision. A surgical and pathological breakdown of the 117 neoplastic lesions fairly well corresponds to most of the published series, but fails to relay the overall picture that the head and neck surgeon encounters in dealing with salivary glands. PMID- 7218998 TI - Are water and tympanotomy tubes compatible? AB - Traditionally, patients with tympanotomy tubes area admonished not to get water in ;their ears so that ear infections will not occur. This study reviews 100 children during the past three years who were given instructions to allow bath and shower water to get into their ears, and who were allowed to swim as long as they used polymyxin/neomycin/hydrocortisone ear drops at night after swimming. Only rarely did problems arise, and these were easily managed. No long-term harmful effects occurred. In addition, earplugs, swimming and shower caps, and special tympanotomy tubes are not needed to prevent ear infections. Water and tympanotomy tubes are compatible. PMID- 7218997 TI - The incidence of neoplastic versus inflammatory disease in major salivary gland masses diagnosed by surgery. AB - What is the incidence of non-neoplastic diseases when dealing with masses of the major salivary glands? A knowledge of this information would aid the physician in making decisions relative to the management of the masses. Furthermore, the expected malignancy rate may need to be adjusted according to the findings of this study. Many reported series of salivary gland neoplasms show the relative incidence of benign vs. malignant neoplasms; however, not every patient with a mass of the salivary gland who comes to surgery is finally diagnosed as having had a neoplasm. Knowing the relative incidence of neoplastic vs. non-neoplastic salivary gland diseases has important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications. Records of all patients who underwent either a parotidectomy or submandibular gland excision from 1975 to the present at the Eye and Ear Hospital of Pittsburgh were reviewed; 73% of the parotidectomies performed were done for neoplastic disease. A patient with a parotid mass has a likelihood of 1:10 of having a malignancy. Similarly, on a population basis, 1 submandibular mass in 12 will be malignant. PMID- 7218999 TI - Auditory brain stem response (ABR) in unilateral hearing loss. AB - Auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) wee reported with two groups of patients with confirmed and suspected unilateral hearing loss. Evidence of acoustic crossover in click stimuli when the difference in click thresholds for the two ears exceeds approximately 60 db is presented. In such a circumstance, the ABR presumably elicited from the test ear can, in fact, be a reflection of a crossover response from the non-test ear. In clinical practice, appropriate contralateral ear masking should be employed when ABR audiometry is carried out with infants and adults with suspected unilateral hearing loss. PMID- 7219000 TI - Management of nasal septal abscess. AB - Nasal septal abscesses are uncommon. Sixteen cases from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary were reviewed retrospectively and are presented. The diagnosis, bacteriology, and pathophysiology are discussed. Immediate therapy is indicated to avoid cosmetic deformity or intracranial infection. Treatment is based on diagnostic needle aspiration, antibiotic coverage and surgical drainage. PMID- 7219001 TI - Hearing impairment associated with chronic renal failure. AB - The auditory sensitivity of 67 patients with chronic end-stage renal failure was assessed. In order to determine the incidence of hearing loss and to describe the impairment and possible contributing factors, one group of 39 patients was assessed prior to treatment by hemodialysis. Twelve of these subjects were then followed for 1 year as they are treated by hemodialysis. The remaining 27 patients, not treated by hemodialysis, were also retested in one year. A second group of 28 patients who ad been receiving hemodialysis over periods of 1 1/2, 3, and 6 years was also evaluated. A high incidence of high-frequency impairment was obtained which could not be attributed to age, noise exposure, ototoxicity, or hereditary. An association between this high-frequency impairment and both the renal disease and its treatment was suggested. Clinically significant sensorineural hearing loss did not appear associated with non-genetic kidney disease. PMID- 7219004 TI - Carotid vascular pain--a simple treatment. AB - Carotid vascular pain has been misdiagnosed in the past as various other conditions. Various etiologies have been assigned to it without clinical or experimental evidence. Haphazard treatment using ganglion-blockers, nicotinic acid, allergy hyposensitization and steroids have been instituted based on imaginary causes of the problem. This paper intends to show that there is no known cause for carotid pain. A simple, effective, safe and inexpensive form of treatment is presented; namely, explaining the problem to the patient, allaying their apprehension and using aspirin in a more scientific fashion. A three-year follow-up is presented. PMID- 7219003 TI - High frequency conductive hearing loss: a case presentation. AB - High frequency conductive hearing loss can result from partial obstruction of the external auditory canal, ear canal "collapse," or partial ossicular discontinuity. This report describes the evaluation and management of an unusual case of partial ossicular discontinuity with resultant high frequency conductive hearing loss. PMID- 7219002 TI - Cervical nodal metastases of unknown origin. AB - A study of 48 patients with metastatic carcinoma in the neck from an unknown primary site has revealed several facts. Among patients with squamous cell carcinoma, the three-year survival rate was 40%. Whether treated with surgery (radical neck dissection) or with radical irradiation alone, the response of these tumors was similar in smaller N1 nodes; when treated with a combined therapeutic approach, they responded well in larger (N2 and N3) cervical nodes. Whether or not the primary tumor was fond did not affect survival rates; the stage of the presenting nodal metastases did not appear to correlate with survival. A large group of patients with adenocarcinoma metastatic to cervical lymph nodes all died of the disease within two years. All appeared with metastases in the supraclavicular fossa; no modality of treatment to the neck, whether by surgery or irradiation, was effective. PMID- 7219006 TI - Office myringotomy for acute otitis media: its value in preventing middle ear effusion. AB - Middle ear effusion (MEE) as a residual of treated acute otitis media was found in 49% of 776 children studied. No antibiotic singly or in combination, demonstrated superiority in reducing the incidence of MEE. Simple myringotomy, as a therapeutic modality in 415 children who presented with an acutely bulging painful eardrum, did not facilitate adequate drainage as 51% of such children, treated with simple myringotomy in addition to antibiotics, had MEE detected 10 days later. The incidence of MEE also occurred independently of the middle ear pathogen. Within six weeks, spontaneous resolution of the effusion occurred in 85% of the 382 children with MEE that was detected 10 days after acute otitis media. PMID- 7219008 TI - A multiple-channel cochlear implant: an evaluation using open-set CID sentences. AB - A multiple-channel cochlear implant and speech processor have been used in two postlingually deaf adult patients with a total hearing loss, to enable them to perceive varying degrees of running speech. The results have veen confirmed with open-set CID everyday sentence tests. Using the implant alone, the patients obtained 8% and 14% scores with prerecorded material, and 34% and 36% scores for "live" presentations. This was equivalent to the perception of 35% of connected discourse. When the implant was used in conjuction with lipreading, improvements of 188% and 386% were obtained over lipreading alone, and the scores were 68% and 98% which were equivalent to the perception of 60% and 95% of connected discourse. PMID- 7219007 TI - The effects of age, sex, hearing loss and water temperature on caloric nystagmus. AB - Seventy five subjects ranging in age from 18 to 87 years received warm and cool caloric irrigations. Nystagmus was recorded and latency, duration, amplitude, frequency and speed of the slow component were measured. The effects of age, hearing loss, sex and water temperature were evaluated. Significant differences were found in cool water durations. Significant differences were found as a function of age for all parameters in warm water calorics. Response duration was not found to be significantly correlated to speed of the slow component in cool calorics. PMID- 7219005 TI - Laryngeal reconstruction by composite nasal mucoseptal graft after partial laryngectomy. three years follow-up. AB - We have used autogenous nasal mucoseptal (NMS) graft for the reconstruction of the larynx after partial laryngectomy in glottic carcinoma invading the anterior commissure, for the past three years. The composite graft, readily available and obtained without sequela, provides satisfactory and large enough replacement tissue. It provides both a dependable rigid cartilaginous wall and a respiratory mucous lining of the lumen. The method was found to be simple and effective in bridging the laryngeal defect. The free NMS graft was used for reconstruction after extended frontal and frontolateral laryngectomy in 10 patients. The patients were successfully decannulated within 4 to 6 days after the operation and in none of the cases was nasogastric feeding tube or laryngeal stenting necessary. In eight patients anatomical and functional results were achieved; the neolarynx prevented a permanent tracheostomy and a fair voice was obtained. PMID- 7219009 TI - Vocal symptomatology of postoperative dysphonia. AB - Vocal symptomatology of 24 patients was assessed following the removal of polyps (12 cases) and polypoid degeneration (12 cases). In addition to fundamental frequency, hoarseness type was measured using the spectrographic system developed by Yanagihara which assesses harmonic structure of phonemes relative to noise components. Mean vocal frequency (155Hz) for the polypoid degeneration group was significantly lower than mean vocal frequency for the polyp group (186Hz). There was no difference between the two groups in mean spectrographic hoarseness type. Analysis of data suggested two subgroups of postoperative dysphonia based upon vocal symptomatology: Type A--little or no hoarseness and Type B--severe hoarseness. Neither preoperative nor postoperative conditions of the vocal cords were related to the severity of hoarseness demonstrated by Type B dysphonics. Illustrative cases are presented. One possible explanation for severe postoperative dysphonia is developed. PMID- 7219010 TI - A sliding chest wall flap for the management of advanced laryngeal carcinoma with anterior cervical skin invasion. AB - A reliable sliding chest wall flap, allowing extensive resection of tumors invading the anterior cervical skin is described. There has been no instance of failure or significant complication in the use of this flap in this small series of cases presented. It is believed that its use has allowed more extensive resection of tumor without any increase in morbidity, and may account for the prolonged survival seen in four out of six patients. PMID- 7219011 TI - Radiographic temporal bone template as an aid in vestibular nerve section. AB - We have used a temporal bone middle fossa X-ray template for vestibular nerve localization during surgery. This has proved helpful and it is recommended on all patients undergoing middle fossa approach for vestibular nerve section. PMID- 7219013 TI - [Coprostasis after operated anal atresia]. PMID- 7219012 TI - [Malignant melanoma of the esophagus (author's transl)]. AB - A case report is given of a malignant melanoma of the esophagus and the symptoms of this tumor are reviewed on the basis of 62 cases from the world literature. Males were afflicted 1.7 times as often as females. 85% of all patients were between the ages of 50 and 75. Symptoms, localization, and pattern of metastases are essentially similar to esophageal carcinoma. Melanoma grows like polyps in most cases and does have the typical histological pattern with differing amounts of pigmentation; pigmentation may be difficult to diagnose endoscopically. The esophageal melanoma apparently originate from intraepithelial foci of melanoma cells, which can be found in the neighbourhood of melanomas in macroscopically intact mucosa. PMID- 7219014 TI - Leprosy in the Americas region (AMRO). PMID- 7219015 TI - Prevalence of leprosy among in-patients in general hospitals--a survey in Bombay. PMID- 7219016 TI - The histology of the Mitsuda reaction and its significance. PMID- 7219017 TI - Methionine synthetase in mammalian brain: function, development and distribution. PMID- 7219018 TI - Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by isolated perfused testis and testicular homogenate. PMID- 7219019 TI - Studies of action mechanism of antiglaucoma drugs with a newly developed cat model. PMID- 7219020 TI - Indomethacin suppresses renal vasodilation in response to local renal hypoxemia. PMID- 7219021 TI - Separation of phenytoin and its metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7219022 TI - The gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activity of MK-447, an enhancer of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7219023 TI - Disposition of [3H] phencyclidine in the rat after single and multiple doses. PMID- 7219024 TI - Delivery of antibiotics to the eye. PMID- 7219025 TI - Evaluation of a sensitive grading system for assessing acute and subchronic delayed neurotoxicity in hens. PMID- 7219027 TI - Characterization of the renal pharmacology of HP-522, a loop diuretic with uricosuric activity. PMID- 7219028 TI - The effect of renal cation transport inhibitors on the in vivo and in vitro accumulation and efflux of cephaloridine. PMID- 7219029 TI - Inhibition by verapamil of contractions produced by calcium on depolarized rabbit aortic strips. PMID- 7219026 TI - Quantal release in cut muscle: effects of limited calcium availability. PMID- 7219030 TI - Glomerular filtration rate as a function of the net transcapillary hydrostatic pressure. PMID- 7219031 TI - An angiotensin-like peptide in the brain. PMID- 7219032 TI - A stable colorimetric assay for cyclophosphamide and its alkylating metabolites based on the alkylation of 4-(4'-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine. PMID- 7219033 TI - Dorsal tegmental bundle destruction: effects on operant behavior, brain catecholamine levels, and behavioral suppression produced by adrenergic agonists. PMID- 7219034 TI - Effect of selective destruction of serotonergic neurons in nucleus raphe magnus on morphine-induced antinociception. PMID- 7219035 TI - A signal detection analysis of centrally active drugs in mice. PMID- 7219037 TI - The effect of morphine, pimozide and naloxone on discrimination by rats in a shock escape test. PMID- 7219036 TI - Effects of propranolol on the adenylate cyclase activities in the arteries and ventricle of dog. PMID- 7219038 TI - Effect of serotonin on uterine blood flow in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. PMID- 7219039 TI - Influence of imipramine and pargyline on the arrhythmogenicity of epinephrine during halothane, enflurane or methoxyflurane anesthesia in dogs. PMID- 7219040 TI - Age-related changes in body temperature responses to morphine in rats. PMID- 7219041 TI - Investigations of new structures with pharmacological activity. II: Anticonvulsant properties of benzocyclobutenols and benzocylenones. PMID- 7219042 TI - Increased plasma protein binding of propranolol in rabbits with acute renal failure. PMID- 7219043 TI - Effect of clofibrate on the hepatic concentrations of citric acid cycle intermediates and malonyl-CoA in the rat. PMID- 7219044 TI - Characteristics of synaptosomal tyrosine uptake in various brain regions: effect of other amino acids. PMID- 7219045 TI - A rapid and potent natriuretic response to intravenous injection of atrial myocardial extract in rats. PMID- 7219046 TI - Changes in predominant energy substrate after hepatectomy. PMID- 7219048 TI - The biliary excretion of (3H)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 following chronic ethanol administration in the rat. PMID- 7219047 TI - The apolipoprotein profile of the ovariectomized rat. Implications of estrogen in receptor-mediated uptake of lipoproteins. PMID- 7219049 TI - Anticancer drug testing in vitro: use of an activating system with the human tumor stem cell assay. PMID- 7219053 TI - Synthesis and renal function study of Val-Asp-(Arg8)-vasopressin. PMID- 7219051 TI - I. Catecholamines in developing rat lung. PMID- 7219052 TI - Elevation of human plasma and platelet amine oxidase activity in response to intravenous dopamine. PMID- 7219050 TI - Piperidine levels in the brain and peripheral organs in rats during cold exposure. PMID- 7219054 TI - Stimulation by dimethyl sulfoxide of secretion of growth hormone and prolactin in the pituitary from lactating mouse. PMID- 7219055 TI - Expression of monoamine oxidase A and B activities in mouse cybrids and hybrids. PMID- 7219056 TI - Adrenal steroids and extinction behavior: antagonism by progesterone, deoxycorticosterone and dexamethasone of a specific effect of corticosterone. PMID- 7219057 TI - Differential binding of chlorpromazine to human blood cells: application of the hygroscopic desorption method. PMID- 7219058 TI - Cold-restraint induced gastric lesions in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7219059 TI - Fluorescence histochemistry indicates damage of striatal dopamine nerve terminals in rats after multiple doses of methamphetamine. PMID- 7219060 TI - Suppression of serum prolactin by naloxone but not by anti-beta-endorphin antiserum in stressed and unstressed rats. PMID- 7219061 TI - Dopaminergic involvement in the hyperalgesic effect of nomifensine. PMID- 7219063 TI - Interaction between effects of stress and morphine on body temperature in rats. PMID- 7219062 TI - Thyroid hormones are required for daily rhythms of plasma corticosterone and prolactin concentration. PMID- 7219064 TI - Hypophysectomy increases the sensitivity of rats to naloxone-induced hypothermia. PMID- 7219065 TI - Blood ethanol levels in sober alcohol users seen in an emergency room. PMID- 7219066 TI - The development of carnitine synthesis from gamma-butyrobetaine in the rat. PMID- 7219068 TI - Cross-tolerance of dopamine metabolism to baclofen, gamma-butyrolactone and HA 966 in the striatum and olfactory tubercle of the rat. PMID- 7219067 TI - The identification of a new metabolite of phencyclidine. PMID- 7219069 TI - Effect of short - chain fatty acids on electrical activity of the small intestinal mucosa of rat. PMID- 7219070 TI - Cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity in human symptomatic atherosclerosis. AB - Acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) activity was assayed in mononuclear cells of patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis (transient ischemic attacks, TIA) and in age-matched controls showing no evidence of atherosclerosis. The acid CEH level of TIA patients was significantly lower than that of controls (1074 +/- 128 vs 2113 +/- 255 pmol/mg P/hr, mean +/- SE). Neither mononuclear cell nor plasma cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations differed significantly between atherosclerotic and control groups. TIA women had lower mononuclear cell concentrations of free cholesterol than men. PMID- 7219071 TI - Placental transport of trans fatty acids in the rat. AB - Placental transport of 9-trans [1-14C] octadecenoic (elaidic) and 9-trans,12 trans [1-14C] octadecadienoic (linoelaidic) acids was demonstrated in rats. On the 18th day of gestation, a 14C-labeled albumin complex of elaidic or linoelaidic acid was injected into the jugular vein of pregnant rats. For comparison, 9-cis [1-14C] octadecenoic (oleic) or 9-cis,12-cis [1-14C] octadecadienoic (linoleic) acid also was injected into the maternal circulation of rats. All animals were sacrificed 1 hr following injection. Lipid composition and distribution of label were determined in maternal plasma, placental and fetal tissues. Differences in specific activities of plasma, placental and fetal total lipids indicated a decreasing concentration gradient for both cis and trans isomers of octadecenoic and octadecadienoic acids. Distribution of radioactivity in various lipid components was determined by thin layer chromatography. Irrespective of the label, the highest percentage of total radioactivity was carried by triglycerides (TG) in maternal plasma (approximately 60-80%), and was incorporated mainly in phospholipids (PL) of fetal tissue (approximately 50-60%). A nearly equal distribution of the label was found between PL and TG of placental lipids (approximately 40%). Radioactivity of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) determined by radio-gas liquid chromatography indicated that after injection of linoelaidate, radioactivity of maternal plasma, placental and fetal tissue FAME was associated only with t,t-18:2. Following injection of elaidate, all the radioactivity in placental FAME was associated with t-18:1; however, in fetal tissues, the label was distributed between 16:0 and t-18:1. These findings suggest that, in contrast to linoelaidic acid, rat fetal tissues can metabolize elaidic acid via beta oxidation to form acetyl CoA and palmitic acid. PMID- 7219072 TI - Effects of dietary trans acids on the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid in rat liver microsomes. AB - Effects of dietary trans acids on the interconversion of linoleic acid was studied using the liver microsomal fraction of rats fed a semipurified diet containing fat supplements of safflower oil (SAFF), hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO) at 5 and 20 at and 20% levels or a 5% level of a supplement containing 50.3% linolelaidic and 24.3% elaidic acids devoid of cis,cis-linoleic acid (TRANS). Growth rate was suppressed to greater extent with the animals fed the 20% than the 5% level of the HCO-supplemented diets and still further by the TRANS diet compared to the groups fed the SAFF diets. Food intake was greater in the groups fed the HCO than the SAFF-supplemented diets, demonstrating the marked effect of an essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency on feed efficiency. In contrast to an EFA deficiency produced by the HCO supplement, which stimulated the in vitro liver microsomal biosynthesis of arachidonic acid, diets containing the TRANS supplement exacerabated the EFA deficiency and depressed 6-desaturase activity of the liver microsomal fraction. The liver microsomal fraction of the animals receiving this supplement also was more sensitive to fatty acid inhibition of the desaturation of linoleic acid than those obtained from animals fed either the SAFF or HCO diets. It is suggested that dietary trans acids alter the physical properties of the 6-desaturase enzyme system, suppressing its activity, which increases the saturation of the tissue lipids and, in turn, the requirement for EFA or polyunsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 7219074 TI - Occurrence of squalene in skin surface lipids of the otter, the beaver and the kinkajou. AB - In a previous survey of the skin surface lipids of 46 mammalian species, it was found that only 3, the otter, the beaver and the kinkajou, contained components with chromatographic mobility similar to squalene, and in each case, this material was the predominant constituent. The materials in question have now been isolated from each of these species and identified as squalene by thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. The occurrence of squalene in the surface lipids of these particular species cannot be examined on the basis of either their evolutionary relationship or ecological niche. PMID- 7219073 TI - Dynamic lipid changes in rapidly proliferating hepatic smooth endoplasmic reticulum during acute dexamethasone treatment of adrenalectomized rats. AB - The regulation by the cell of subcellular membrane components is dependent on a highly complex balance of nutritional, hormonal and metabolic events. We have characterized the lipid components of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the liver of adrenalectomized (ADX) rats and the response of these membrane components to glucocorticoid administration. Membrane microviscosity as measured by fluorescence depolarization of 1,6-diphenylhexatriene (DPH) was measured and correlated with lipid composition and content of the membranes. In the ADX rat, a significant increase in membrane microviscosity of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) was observed and this was accompanied by an increase in the cholesterol content/mg protein and a decrease in the phospholipid content/mg protein. A change in the fatty acyl chain composition is observed with a significant increase in the mole percentage of arachidonic acid (20:4) and an accompanying decrease in saturated fatty acids. Within 2-6 hr of dexamethasone administration, a decrease in membrane microviscosity is observed that returns this value to one similar to that for normal control animals. Both the cholesterol and the phospholipid contents/mg protein are likewise restored to levels similar to that for control animals beginning at the 2-hr time point. The arachidonic acid and saturated fatty acid content of the constituent phospholipids do not begin to return to values similar to those for control animals until 6 hr after dexamethasone administration. From these experiments, we can conclude that glucocorticoids play a significant regulatory role in determining the lipid properties of rat hepatic microsomal membranes. PMID- 7219075 TI - Fatty acid synthesis in vivo and hepatic contribution to whole-body lipogenic rates in obese Zucker rats. AB - We have re-examined the claim by Godbole and York, based on the effect of surgical hepatectomy (Diabetologia 14:191, 1978), that liver contributed more than 90% of the newly synthesized FA found in adipose tissue of obese rats at the end of a 1-hr pulse of 3H2O. The amount of newly synthesized FA transported via plasma VLDL from liver to adipose tissue was estimated in lean and obese Zucker rats by determining the effects of Triton WR-1339, which blocks the uptake of VLDL-TGFA into tissues. Triton treatment was found not to cause any significant change in the amount of radioactive FA found in subcutaneous/perimetrial fat tissues, carcass or liver in either chow-fed or high-glucose, fed-refed lean or obese rats, although in the fed-refed dietary state the proportion found in the liver was increased over that in the chow-fed groups. Furthermore, the amounts of newly made FA which accumulated in the plasma of Triton-treated, chow-fed and glucose-fed refed animals during this period constituted only a few percentages of those found in the adipose tissue of these animals. Thus, in contrast to the claims of Godbole and York, no significant transfer of newly made FA from liver to adipose tissue occurs during a 1-hr experiment; it follows that the amount of these FA found in different tissues at the end of that period are valid measurements of their actual lipogenic activities in situ. It is suggested that the Godbole and York results are artifacts of their surgical hepatectomy procedure. PMID- 7219076 TI - Competitive deposition of trans-12 and cis-9-octadecenoates into egg yolk lipids. AB - The deposition of trans-12-octadencenoate-12(13)-3H (12t-18:1-3H) was compared to cis-9-octadecenoate-10-14C (9c-18:1-14C) in the major egg yolk neutral lipids and phospholipids trans-12-Octadecenoate was preferentially incorporated into cholesteryl esters (CE), phosphatidylcholines (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) but was discriminated against in triglycerides (TG). Isotopic ratios indicate that 5.9 and 5.6 times more 12t-18:1-3H than 9c-18:1-14C was esterified at the 1-acyl position of PE and PC, respectively. The combined 1- and 3-acyl positions of TG and the 2-acyl position of TG, PE and PC were each preferentially esterified with 9c-18:1-14C. PMID- 7219077 TI - Lipids of dermatophytes. AB - This investigation deals with phosphatides and fatty acid content of Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum cookie and Trichophyton mentagrophytes during different phases of growth. Total phosphatide content of these dermatophytes decreased with age, which was reflected in constituent major phosphatides. The zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids tended to maintain a constant ratio. Short chain fatty acids increased significantly with age in E. floccosum whereas these fatty acids represented a minor fraction of the total fatty acids in M. cookie and T. mentagrophytes. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids increased 4-fold during growth in E. floccosum, whereas this increase was marginal in M. cookie. This ratio decreased in T. mentagrophytes. PMID- 7219078 TI - Antilipidemic activity of 4-oxo-functionalized ethyl 6-chlorochroman-2 carboxylate analogs and a related tricyclic lactone in three rat models. AB - The synthesis of ethyl cis-6-chloro-4-hydroxychroman-2-carboxylate (IV) and 6 chloro-4-hydroxy-chroman-2-carboxylic acid lactone (V) are reported. The antilipidemic properties of these compounds in 3 rat models were compared to the activity obtained for the previously synthesized related analogs ethyl 6 chlorochroman-2-carboxylate (II), ethyl 6-chlorochromanone-2-carboxylate (III) and clofibrate (I). The biologically most interesting analog, ethyl 6 chlorochroman-2-carboyxlate (II) like clofibrate (I), was an effective antitriglyceridemic and anticholesterolemic agent in Triton WR-1339 hyperlipidemic rats, sucrose-fed hyperlipidemic rats and chow-fed normolipemic rats. Ethyl 6-chlorochromanone-2-carboxylate (III) was found to be active after 7 days of administration to sucrose-fed rats. In sucrose-fed, male Sprague-Dawley rats, the comparative effects of these analogs on various hepatic drug parameters also were carried out. Consistent with previous findings, results obtained with these compounds provide evidence showing that changes in hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity bear no relationship to serum cholesterol lowering in the sucrose-fed model. PMID- 7219080 TI - The prevention of alcoholic fatty liver using dietary supplements: dihydroxyacetone, pyruvate and riboflavin compared to arachidonic acid in pair fed rats. PMID- 7219079 TI - Thromboxane B2 biosynthesis and phospholipids hydrolysis in platelets from hypercholesterolemic rabbits. AB - Thromboxane B2 biosynthesis from arachidonic acid was increased in platelets from hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The enzymic activity of phospholipase A2 which releases arachidonic acid, the precursor for the biosynthesis of thromboxane B2, showed hardly any change in hypercholesterolemic platelets. Phospholipase C and diglyceride lipase activities also were not changed in platelets from hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Furthermore, phospholipid concentration in platelets were not increased in this state. Thus, we conclude that the supply of precursor for thromboxane B2 biosynthesis was not increased in platelets from hypercholesterolemic rabbits as compared to controls. These results suggest that the enzyme activity of thromboxane B2 biosynthesis may be enhanced in platelets from hypercholesterolemic rabbits. PMID- 7219081 TI - Studies on biochemical effects of nitrogen dioxide: I. Lipid peroxidation as measured by ethane exhalation of rats exposed to nitrogen dioxide. AB - This research was in order to follow the periodic fluctuation of lipid peroxidation by a new method in rats exposed to nitrogen dioxide. Wistar male rats were examined for lipid peroxidation as demonstrated by ethane exhalation. In rats continuously exposed to 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide for 2 weeks, the amount of ethane exhaled fluctuated in a complex manner during the exposure. Ethane exhalation decreased slightly after the first day of exposure and then increased rapidly. The maximal values were observed after the fourth day of exposure and then decreased gradually to the initial level. Furthermore, the activity of glutathione peroxidase in lungs of rats exposed to 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide varied symmetrically against the change of ethane formation. Similar changes in ethane exhalation were observed in rats exposed to the lowest levels of nitrogen dioxide (0.4, 1.2 and 4.0 ppm) for 4 months. Compared to 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide exposure for 14 days, the characteristics in rats exposed to the low levels (0.4-4.0 ppm) of nitrogen dioxide were: the decline of ethane formation, the delay in alterations, and the tendency toward gradual increase during the longer period exposure. PMID- 7219082 TI - The metabolism of 18:0 and 18:2(n-6) by the ovine placenta at 120 and 150 days of gestation. AB - The effects of approach of parturition in the sheep on the incorporation of 18:0 and 18:2(n-6) into the placenta lipids and on the activities of the delta 9- and delta 6-desaturase enzymes of placental tissue have been studied in vitro. The incorporation of 18:0 into the esterified lipids of placental tissue between the 120th and 150th days of gestation declined markedly; the high level of incorporation of 18:2(n-6) into the esterified lipids of the placenta (some 2 fold higher than 18:0) remained constant over the gestational period. While placental delta 9-desaturase activity was the same at 150 days as at 120 days of gestation, the activity of the delta 6-desaturase enzyme increased significantly. These results are discussed in relation to the fetal demand for fatty acids near term and the differences that exist between the mechanisms of maternal-fetal transfer of 18:0 and 18:2(n-6) in the sheep. PMID- 7219083 TI - The enzymic synthesis of GM1b: rat-brain CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid: asialo-GM1 sialyltransferase. AB - An enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) to a tetrahexosylceramide (asialo-GM1) in young rat brain is described. The enzymic product is a new monosialoganglioside containing a neuraminidase-labile neuraminic acid, GM1b. The activity of this sialyltransferase is higher in fetal and young rat brains. The enzyme exhibits a pH optimum of 6.5 in cacodylate buffer. The incorporation of radioactivity into GM1b is stimulated in the presence of asialo-GM1 and CMP-NeuNAc and is dependent on the quantity added. The detergent mixture, Tween 80 and CF54, is required for optimal activity. Recent demonstration of the natural occurrence of GM1b in the free cell types of rat ascites hepatopa cells suggests a functional importance of this CMP-Neu NAc:asialo-GM1 sialyltransferase in the in vivo formation of this novel monosialoganglioside. PMID- 7219084 TI - Identification of acidic steroids in feces of monkeys fed beta-sitoserol. AB - Vervet monkeys were fed a suspension of beta-sitoseterol in corn oil. Acidic steroids were separated from a 4-day pool of feces and subjected, after fractionation, to gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Evidence for the presence of derivatives of 27-carboxysitosterol, 27-carboxysitostanol and 7 hydroxy, 27-carboxysitostanol is adduced. PMID- 7219086 TI - Influence of stage of lactation on the triacylglycerol composition of buffalo milk fat. AB - Milk fats obtained from colostrum and early, middle and late lactation samples of buffalo milk were analyzed for their triacylglycerol (TG) compositions. Each milk fat was first separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) into high, medium and low molecular weight TG. The TG fractions thus obtained were further segregated by argentation TLC, according to their degree of unsaturation into saturated, trans-monoene, cis-monoene, diene and polyene species. With progressive lactation, the major changes from colostral fat were an increase in lower fatty acids and decline in oleic acid. This caused, in turn, marked variations in saturated TG and diene TG and, to a smaller extent, in polyene TG. Monoene TG, both cis and trans, remained practically constant throughout. These trends were largely reversed toward the end of lactation. PMID- 7219085 TI - Lymphatic absorption of nonvolatile oxidation products of heated oils in the rat. AB - The lymphatic absorption of nonvolatile oxidation products (NVOP) formed during heating of fats was studied. Heated colza or soybean oils or synthetic triglycerides containing a definite aromatic or alicyclic fatty acid were fed to thoracic duct-cannulated rats. Tritium-labeled triolein was added to each dietary fat, as an internal standard, in order to calculate the percentage of lymphatic absorption of the ingested NVOP. Results show that 4% of the total polymeric acids, 53% of the total oxidized monomeric acids and 96% of the total cyclic monomeric acids were recovered in the lymphatic lipids. Gas liquid and quantitative thin layer chromatography of these 3 classes indicated that, within a NVOP class, the various constituents did not present the same absorption rate. The lymphatic absorptions of individual oxidized monomers were between 25 and 93%. Concerning the polymer fraction, the lymphatic recoveries were 1% (nonpolar dimers), 6.8% (polar dimers) and 12% (polar oligomers). Aromatic acids were absorbed to a lesser degree (50-60%) than cyclohexenic acids (91-98%). PMID- 7219087 TI - Accumulation of neutral lipids by human skin fibroblasts: differential effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. AB - The accumulation of neutral lipids by human skin fibroblasts grown in medium supplemented with fatty acids has been investigated. GM-10 cells incorporated exogenous fatty acids into both phospholipids and neutral lipids. More [14C]oleate, linoleate, or linolenate was incorporated into triacylglycerol than was [14C]palmitate or stearate. Supplementation of medium containing delipidized serum with unsaturated fatty acids resulted in far more stimulation of [14C]glycerol incorporation into triacylglycerol than did supplementation with saturated fatty acids. Palmitate- and stearate-fed cells incorporated sizable amounts of [14C] fatty acids and [14C]glycerol into diacylglycerol as well as triacylglycerol, especially at higher fatty acid concentrations. Increased oleate supplementation from 10-300 microM resulted in increased triacyglycerol synthesis and accumulation of discrete cytoplasmic lipid droplets; palmitate concentrations above 70 microgram were toxic. Micrographs of the palmitate-fed cells showed electron translucent slits, suggesting solid depositions of saturated fat, rather than the discrete osmiophilic droplets found in oleate-fed cells. Although GM-10 cells can synthesize fully saturated triacylglycerols, these data suggest that in cells fed saturated fatty acids, solid depositions of neutral lipids may sequester diacylglycerols and thus limit triacylglycerol synthesis. PMID- 7219088 TI - Effect of fat and microflora on hepatic, small intestinal and colonic HMG CoA reductase, cytochrome P450 and cytochrome B5. AB - High levels of dietary fat caused a significant reduction in HMG CoA reductase activity in the liver of germ-free rats whereas significantly elevated small intestinal enzyme activity was observed. Dietary fat had no significant effect on HMG CoA reductase activity in any tissue studied in the conventional rat. No significant change in colonic HMG CoA reductase activity was observed between any of the experimental groups. Rats fed a high-fat diet tended to exhibit higher cytochrome P450 levels in all tissues studied, regardless of the presence of intestinal microflora. PMID- 7219089 TI - Alteration of liver microsomal proteins from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed cyclopropenoid fatty acids. AB - Rainbow trout were fed diets containing cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) at 50 and 300 ppm with appropriate controls fed CPFA-free diets. Treatment with CPFA altered the overall microsomal protein composition in a manner suggesting a reduction of high molecular weight components. One protein found in low concentration in controls appeared dominant in experimental animals, with the effect more pronounced as dietary levels of CPFA increased. The estimated molecular weight of this component was 41,500 daltons. Membrane fractions from CPFA-fed fish separated on a Bio-Gel P-150 column revealed a significant number of small molecular weight components that suggest degradation of microsomal proteins. These data suggest an alteration by CPFA of membrane protein composition. PMID- 7219090 TI - Computers in medical laboratories the hare and the tortoise. PMID- 7219091 TI - Microprocessors and automation in the medical laboratory. PMID- 7219092 TI - Hospital service department computing in Glasgow. PMID- 7219093 TI - Laboratory computing-an evaluation, with guidelines for potential users. PMID- 7219094 TI - Data capture by the use of bar-coding in a blood transfusion centre. PMID- 7219095 TI - Computer assisted methods of organisation quality control and performance control in the clinical chemistry laboratory. PMID- 7219096 TI - Iron-oxygen reactions and their use in clinical chemistry. PMID- 7219097 TI - Comparative studies of a commercial kit for the estimation of serum ferritin. PMID- 7219098 TI - Clinical evaluation of a simple radioimmunoassay for cortisol plasma. PMID- 7219099 TI - Laboratory acquired infections. PMID- 7219100 TI - Stability of oestrogen and oestrogen: creatinine ratio in pregnancy urine. PMID- 7219101 TI - [Combined treatment of cervical cancer by preoperative intracavitary gamma therapy and teleradiotherapy with shaped fields]. PMID- 7219102 TI - [Free I-131-iodide uptake in the thyroid gland of personnel and patients during the performance of diagnostic examinations using radiopharmacologic preparations]. PMID- 7219103 TI - [Dependence of the results of the radiation treatment of cervical cancer on the volume of the tumor]. PMID- 7219104 TI - [Maximum potentials of tumor radiation therapy (the concept of the total permissible dosage)]. PMID- 7219105 TI - [Electrogammagraphy: a rapid method in aligning and controlling the irradiation in radiotherapy]. PMID- 7219106 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of radiotherapy in breast cancer using mammography]. PMID- 7219107 TI - [Determination of a liver lesion in chronic recurrent cholecystitis by 131I-rose bengal clearance]. PMID- 7219109 TI - [Method of verifying the protection in x-ray diagnostic offices]. PMID- 7219108 TI - [Purified splenic extract as an agent in the early treatment of radiation lesions in animals]. PMID- 7219110 TI - [Improved methods of planning and coordinating research work in the field of medical radiology and roentgenology (an effort at analysing the structure of information communications)]. PMID- 7219111 TI - [Effect of mastectomy on the prolactin level in the blood]. PMID- 7219112 TI - American defence legal systems in Germany. PMID- 7219113 TI - Rape--a comparison of group offences and lone assaults. PMID- 7219114 TI - Social control of deviants in six countries. PMID- 7219115 TI - Estimation of postmortem interval from rectal temperature by use of computer- relationship between the rectal and skin cooling curves. PMID- 7219116 TI - Trace element deficiency and cot deaths. PMID- 7219117 TI - Curiosum eroticum--a case of fatal electrocution during auto-erotic practice. PMID- 7219118 TI - Psychiatric referrals from court. PMID- 7219120 TI - An unusual case of alleged assault. PMID- 7219119 TI - The medical recommendation for psychiatric remands into prison--the Hong Kong scene. PMID- 7219121 TI - [Bases for revised methodology in research and teaching of the history of medicine]. PMID- 7219122 TI - Group psychotherapy in prison. A proper role for the psychiatrist. PMID- 7219123 TI - What is malpractice in general surgery? PMID- 7219124 TI - Attacking the doubling time defense in breast cancer cases. PMID- 7219125 TI - Complications and problems associated with total joint replacement. PMID- 7219126 TI - Bleb in lung--surgical removal--death--malpractice--discovery deposition of defendant thoracic surgeon--Part I. PMID- 7219127 TI - Achilles tendon disorders in runners. PMID- 7219128 TI - Exercise compliance and the prevention of a recurrence of myocardial infarction. AB - Exercise compliance (three exercise sessions per week) has been shown to have a favorable effect upon prognosis (P less than 0.001) in 610 "post-coronary" patients followed for an average of 36.5 months. This cannot be explained entirely by mutual correlation of the data with other health habits (as indicated by smoking behavior) or disease severity (as indicated by angina, exercise induced ST-segmental depression, cardiac enlargement, or ventricular aneurysm). Stratification of the data shows that in almost all categories of subject, sustained physical activity is associated with a five-fold improvement in the odds ratio for both fatal and non-fatal recurrences of the infarction. PMID- 7219129 TI - Reduced training frequencies and maintenance of increased aerobic power. AB - The purpose of this study was to obtain information regarding the minimum training frequency necessary to maintain the exercise-induced increase in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). Twelve subjects (average age = 23 yr) participated in an endurance exercise program of bicycling and running 40 min/d, 6 d/wk. After 10 wk, they continued to train either 4 d/wk or 2 d/wk for an additional 15 wk. Intensity and duration for the additional 15 wk remained the same as on the tenth week of training. The average increase of VO2max in response to 10 wk of training was 25% when measured during bicycle testing and 20% when measured during treadmill testing. VO2max in the 4 d/wk and 2 d/wk groups remained essentially the same as the trained levels when determined at 5-wk intervals of reduced training. These results provide evidence that more exercise is required to increase VO2max, than that required to maintain it at the trained level in young adults performing high-intensity exercise. Furthermore, it is possible to maintain the increased VO2max for at least 15 wk by training at high intensity for 2 d/wk or 4 d/wk. PMID- 7219130 TI - Time course of the adaptive responses of aerobic power and heart rate to training. AB - Nine subjects participated in an exercise program for 40 min/day, 6 days/wk. The training work rates were kept constant for the first 4 wk. The work rates were then increased to a higher level and kept constant for an additional 5 wk. During both training periods, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) increased for the first 3 wk and then remained constant. The half times (tl/2) of the increases in VO2max during the two periods were 10.3 and 10.8 days. These results provide evidence that the adaptation to endurance exercise of the system(s) that limit VO2max is rapid, with a tl/2 of less than 11 days. The total increase in VO2max in the 9 wk of training was 23%. The decreases in the heart rate and blood lactate responses to a standard submaximal exercise test also occurred within the first 2 to 3 wk of each training period. Our results show that unless the training stimulus is increased, a high intensity daily exercise program does not result in a further increase in VO2max or further decreases in the blood lactate or heart rate responses to submaximal exercise after 3 wk. PMID- 7219131 TI - Ventilatory endurance in athletes and non-athletes. AB - Do the ventilatory muscles (VM) of normal persons become fatigued while high ventilation is maintained during strenuous exercise? If so, then one effect of the intense training performed by endurance athletes should be an increase in VM endurance. To investigate this possibility, eight female endurance-athletes and eight female non-athletes were compared in studies of both short-term and long term maximal ventilation. The two groups were matched for age, body size, and vital capacity. While athletes and non-athletes had similar short-term maximal ventilation (12-s MVV), the athletes displayed greater ventilatory endurance on two-long-term breathing tests. In the first, ventilation was increased 30 1/min every 4 min. Before exhaustion, athletes reached a ventilation that was a significantly greater fraction of their 12-s MVV (75% vs 67%, P less than 0.01), than did non-athletes. Although the energy cost (VO2) of submaximal levels of ventilation was identical in the two groups, athletes reached a significantly greater peak VO2 during this progressive test (P less than 0.05). In the second test of ventilatory endurance, 80% of the 12-s MVV was sustained until exhaustion. Endurance times averaged 11 min for athletes and 3 min for non athletes (P less than 0.01). While these results do not rule out the possibility of genetic predisposition to high VM endurance in athletes, they are consistent with the possibility that VM training may occur in normal persons during forms of endurance exercise training. PMID- 7219132 TI - O2 uptake and work by in situ muscle performing contractions with constant shortening. AB - The oxygen uptake by the gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle group of the dog was measured during brief submaximal isotonic-tetanic contractions. Shortening in the contractions was kept constant while the load was altered by adjusting the stimulation voltage applied to the motor nerve. Incompletely fused tetanic contractions were produced by 200 msec trains of impulses at a frequency of 20/sec. The trains were delivered once a second. The rate of oxygen uptake (VO2) was linearly related to the external work rate (W). The relationship between VO2, microliter/g min, vs W, gM/g min, is described by the equation VO2 = 18.0 + 3.36 W. The average maximal gross efficiency was 12.5%. The major determinant of VO2 during contractions appeared to be the number of muscle fibers which were activated during the contractions. PMID- 7219134 TI - A model for gymnastics vaulting. AB - A mathematical model describing the motion of a gymnast represented by a planar three-segment link system is developed for the airborne and horse-support phases of vaulting. Four handspring vaults performed by advanced-level female gymnasts were analyzed and the results were used to verify the model. In order to describe observed performance, it was found necessary to consider the period of support on the vaulting horse as being comprised of two distinct phases: a compression phase and a repulsion phase. Solutions of the model are presented graphically enabling the relationships of important variables to be readily observed, and predictions to be made. Good agreement between observed performance and the model was obtained in all cases. The take-off velocity and initial distance from the horse were found to be the principal variables affecting the outcome of the vault. The model indicated that in the case of a good vault, a decrease of 7% in the take off horizontal speed would cause a reduction of 13% in after-flight distance, and a similar decrease in the vertical speed would produce a 25% reduction in after flight distance. Also, the force exerted by the performer during the repulsion phase has only a minimal effect on the after-flight characteristics of the vault. The take-off velocity requirements for an excellent vault were investigated for varying take-off distances from the horse. As the distance was decreased, the necessary velocity was decreased, but the angular velocity of the body required during the pre-flight phase was found to increase very rapidly. PMID- 7219133 TI - Predictive validity of a computer model of body temperature during exercise. AB - The predictive validity of a computer model of human temperature regulation is tested by comparison with experimental data. Three male subjects were exercised at five different rates (B.M.R., 100 W, 150 W, 200 W, and 250 W) on a cycle ergometer in a controlled-environmental facility. Thermal conditions ranged from 13 degrees to 29 degrees C on the Effective Temperature (E.T.) scale. Two core (rectal and tympanic) and four skin temperature sites (2 torso, 1 leg, and 1 arm) were monitored. Experimental figures for core temperature (TC) and mean body temperature (MBT), evolved from the six monitored sites, were compared with matched simulation data from the computer model. A high negative correlation (r = -0.87) was found for increasing "effective temperature" and mean absolute difference (d) between experimental and simulation data for mean body temperatures. The model has increasing predictive validity as higher heat stress is encountered (E.T. greater than 25 degrees C, d MBT less than 0.3 degrees C), which decreases (E.T. less than 16 degrees C, d MBT greater than 0.8 degrees C) in reduced environmental temperatures. PMID- 7219135 TI - Mathematical modelling and simulation of a tennis racket. AB - By constructing a mathematical model, we consider the dynamics of a tennis racket hit by a ball. Using this model, known experimental results can be simulated on the computer, and it becomes possible to make a parametric study of a racket. Such a simulation is essential in the study of two important problems related to tennis: computation of the resulting forces and moments transferred to the hand should assist understanding of the medical problem 'tennis elbow'; secondly, simulation will enable a study to be made of the relationships between the impact time, tension in the strings, forces transmitted to the rim and return velocity of the ball, all of which can lead to the optimal design of rackets. PMID- 7219136 TI - Carotid palpation, coronary heart disease and exercise rehabilitation. AB - Heart rate, determined by palpation of the carotid, radial, or temporal artery, is commonly used to monitor exercise intensity. It is known that massage of the carotid artery has a baroreceptor reflex effect on the heart rate. The heart rate, monitored with and without carotid palpation, at rest, during exercise, and immediately post-exercise was determined in 60 male cardiac patients (39-65 years of age) following either myocardial infarction (n=52), bypass surgery (n=6), or those with angina pectoris (n=2). The mean changes in heart rate with carotid palpation in the testing group were -3.5 bpm at rest and -2.2 bpm during exercise; in the training group the changes were +0.8 bpm at rest -3.1 bpm post exercise. While the mean decrease at rest in the testing group was statistically significant, each of the decreases in resting, during, and post-exercise heart rates were too small to be accurately monitored by palpation over a 10- or 15-sec count, a usual procedure in exercise rehabilitation programs. Provided the patients are correctly instructed and technique regularly checked, there appears to be no reason why carotid palpation should not be used in cardiac exercise rehabilitation programs to determine resting, exercise, or post-exercise heart rates. PMID- 7219140 TI - 1981 American College of Sports Medicine annual meeting. May 27-29, 1981, Miami Beach, Florida. Abstracts. PMID- 7219138 TI - Physical activity patterns determined by heart rate monitoring in 6-7 year-old children. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine 12-h heart rate patterns during the summer using a holter monitoring system (Oxford Instruments) in prepubescent children. Parental consent was obtained for the 40 volunteers (22 boys, 18 girls) ages 6 to 7 years. Heart rates exceeding 160 bts min-1 occurred 20.9 min and 9.4 min for the boys and girls, respectively, during the 12-h monitoring period (8:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m.). When comparing the heart rate profiles between the sexes, the boys had significantly (P less than 0.05) more heart beats at a level of 140 bts min-1 and above than the girls. Even though the children appear moderately active, they very seldom experience high intensity physical activity. Furthermore, the heart rate patterns show that the boys are more physically active than the girls. PMID- 7219137 TI - Physical activity and calcium modalities for bone mineral increase in aged women. AB - This study tested the hypothesis that physical activity and/or supplemental calcium (0.75 g/day) and vitamin D (400 IU) would effectively slow bone loss, and /or increase bone mineral content (BMC) in aged females (X = 81) over three years. In vivo BMC and width of the radius was determined by photon absorptiometry at two sites. Four groups were formed: a control, a drug, a physical activity, and a physical activity plus drug. A single tailed t-test was used to compared the slope of the linear regression of 10 data points collected on each subject. The BMC of the control group declined 3.29%, while the physical activity group and drug group demonstrated a 2.29% (p less than .05) increase and a 1.58% (p less than .07) increase respectively, during the study. PMID- 7219141 TI - [Is the clinical significance of CEA determination in patients with colorectal carcinoma exaggerated?]. PMID- 7219139 TI - Acute effects of cigarette smoking on left ventricular function at rest and exercise. AB - In this study we investigated the acute effects of cigarette smoking on cardiac function during exercise in 12 normal young males. Radionuclide angiocardiography was used to assess cardiac performance at rest and during upright-bicycle exercise on two consecutive days. On the second day each subject smoked three cigarettes. Exercise studies were continued until 85% of age-predicted heart rate for an individual was achieved. At rest cigarette smoking induced significant increases in resting heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility and significant decreases in end-systolic volume and pulmonary transit time. Comparison of hemodynamic data during exercise before and after smoking showed the only significant change to be a decrease in pulmonary transit time. These results suggest that cigarette smoking in healthy young males does not significantly alter cardiac function during submaximal exercise. PMID- 7219142 TI - [Tumors of the salivary glands. A review of pathology and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7219143 TI - [Liposarcoma. Case contribution of the coexistence of liposarcoma and breast cancer]. PMID- 7219144 TI - [Phlegmasia coerulea dolens, a paraneoplastic syndrome]. PMID- 7219145 TI - [Alcoholic delirium]. PMID- 7219147 TI - [Physicians, antiquity and amateurs]. PMID- 7219146 TI - [Autochthonous splenomegaly]. PMID- 7219148 TI - [Diabetic osteoarthropathy. A complication of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7219150 TI - [The problem of manifest and latent diabetes in pregnant women]. PMID- 7219149 TI - [A correlation between hepatitis and cervical changes. A prospective cytological examination]. PMID- 7219151 TI - [Intrahepatic pregnancy cholestasis]. PMID- 7219152 TI - [Pathogenesis of coagulation defects in acute liver failure. Experimental results]. PMID- 7219153 TI - [Cholestatic hepatitis with tienilic acid]. PMID- 7219154 TI - [School medicine and naturopathy- place in holistic medicine]. PMID- 7219155 TI - [The significance of the stretch receptors of the low pressure system for the circulation]. PMID- 7219156 TI - [Pump failure in acute heart failure. Improvement in the prognosis with vasodilator therapy]. PMID- 7219157 TI - [Long term results of intraarterial infusion therapy in peripheral arterial occlusive diseases]. PMID- 7219158 TI - [Effect of etozolin on the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis system and on clinical parameters in patients with hypertension and heart failure]. PMID- 7219159 TI - [Clinical experiences with the antiarrhythmic therapy using disopyramide]. PMID- 7219160 TI - [Beta-blocker monotherapy in hypertension. A clinical study]. PMID- 7219161 TI - [Hypertension treatment in a health resort]. PMID- 7219162 TI - [Patient information according to prescription]. PMID- 7219163 TI - [Jaundice. I. Working model--break-down]. PMID- 7219164 TI - [Thymus surgery in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 7219165 TI - [The significance of thyroid antibodies and HL-A typing for the prognosis of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7219167 TI - [Arterial hypertension: relation between form and function]. PMID- 7219166 TI - [The German university then and now]. PMID- 7219170 TI - Semantic context effects in visual word recognition: an analysis of semantic strategies. PMID- 7219171 TI - Orthographic and phonological activation in auditory and visual word recognition. PMID- 7219169 TI - [Effect of procetofen on lipoproteins and blood lipids in patients with hyperlipemia]. PMID- 7219168 TI - [Plasmids and their importance in medicine]. PMID- 7219172 TI - Processing of unattended visual information. PMID- 7219173 TI - Spacing repetitions over 1 week. PMID- 7219175 TI - The abstraction of schematic representations from photographs of real-world scenes. PMID- 7219174 TI - Distributed study facilities infants' delayed recognition memory. PMID- 7219177 TI - Conceptual memory for picture and prose episodes. PMID- 7219176 TI - Verifying environmental relationships. PMID- 7219178 TI - The process of verifying affirmative and negative sentences against pictures. PMID- 7219179 TI - The belief-bias effect in formal reasoning: the influence of knowledge on logic. PMID- 7219180 TI - Trees as memory representations for simple visual patterns. PMID- 7219181 TI - Response selection in choice reaction time: test of a buffer model. PMID- 7219182 TI - Position effects in comparative judgments of serial order: list structure vs. differential strength. PMID- 7219184 TI - A data management system for veterinary pathology. PMID- 7219185 TI - A computerized repository system for collection and retrieval of acceleration stress research data. PMID- 7219183 TI - Completion norms for 329 sentence contexts. PMID- 7219186 TI - Decision making in a case of multiple sclerosis-preliminary note. PMID- 7219187 TI - Feedback of therapeutic skills for quality assessment within ward sessions in psychiatry. PMID- 7219188 TI - An interpreter for the easy creation of graphic displays of experimental data. PMID- 7219189 TI - An adaptive system for the automatic description of EEG background activity. PMID- 7219190 TI - An experiment in English-Spanish automated translation of medical language data. PMID- 7219192 TI - Effect of neural stimulation on contractile system (myoepithelial cells) in isolated salivary gland segments of rat. AB - The effect of cholinergic neural excitation by field stimulation on the tension of the contractile system (myoepithelial cells) was investigated in superfused segments of rat salivary glands (sublingual, submaxillary, and parotid). Electric field stimulation evoked gland tissue contraction of a few mg, which was blocked by addition of TTX or atropine. The order of the magnitude of the contraction per wet tissue weight was sublingual greater than submaxillary greater than parotid. This correlates with the order of the distribution of myoepithelial cells described in morphological investigations. Cholinergic stimulants induced contraction in all salivary glands, but adrenergic stimulants hardly evoked contraction in the sublingual gland, whereas those drugs evoked a considerable amount of contraction in the submaxillary gland. These findings seem to suggest that the contraction may originate in the myoepithelial cells. The omission of Na from the superfusing solution quickly abolished the contraction evoked by field stimulation but not the contraction induced by ACh. The omission of Ca from the solution reduced the contraction evoked not only by field stimulation but also by ACh and by high K. The results suggest that extracellular Ca is important for the initiation of myoepithelial contraction. PMID- 7219191 TI - A thermal transition of passive calcium efflux in fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The temperature dependence of passive Ca2+ efflux from skeletal muscle fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) was studied by dilution of a suspension of the vesicles into which 1 mM (CaCl2 + 45Ca) had been passively incorporated by overnight incubation at 3 degrees. It was found that in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+, Ca2+ efflux could be resolved into two simultaneous first-order processes between 5 degrees and 35 degrees, but only a single first-order process appeared between 37 degrees and 55 degrees. Two independent functional transitions were found at 30 degrees, indicating an abrupt membrane molecular reorganization at that temperature: (1) The two components of Ca2+ efflux at 5 degrees--35 degrees contributed equally to the total observed initial efflux at temperatures up to 30 degrees. Between 30 degrees and 35 degrees, the relative contribution of the fast component progressively diminished until, by 37 degrees, only the slow component remained. (2) The slow component, which persisted throughout the entire temperature range 5 degrees--55 degrees, exhibited a break in its Arrhenius plot at 30 degrees--32 degrees. Elevation of internal Ca2+ concentration to 10 mM failed either to produce saturation kinetics of efflux or appreciably change its first-order rate constant. Omitting Mg2+ in the low temperature range accelerated Ca2+ efflux about 20-fold and eliminated the fast component, whereas including Ca2+ in the external medium in the high temperature range retarded Ca2+ efflux by about the same factor and generated a fast component. Omitting Mg2+ in the high temperature range, however, had little effect on Ca2+ efflux. The failure of external divalent cation to stimulate Ca2+ efflux thus precludes an obligatory carrier-mediated exchange mechanism. Furthermore, participation of the catalytic turnover function of the Ca2+-ATPase molecule in Ca2+ efflux was unlikely because (1) the 30 degrees transition temperature for efflux did not coincide with those previously determined for active Ca2+ uptake, ATPase activity, and reversal of the Ca2+ pump, and (2) above the transition temperature, the activation enthalpy and activation entropy increased for efflux but decreased for both active Ca2+ uptake and ATPase activity. Ca2+ efflux therefore probably involved simple diffusion through a membrane pore (Ca2+ "leak"). By comparison to the results of others using artificial and biological membranes, the effect of external divalent cation to produce a fast component of Ca2+ efflux from FSR is tentatively attributed to the formation of aggregates of SR vesicles. PMID- 7219193 TI - The interaction of calcium transport and ADP phosphorylation in brain mitochondria. AB - Brain mitochondria respiring on glutamate plus malate had a respiratory control index (RCI) for the addition of ADP of 5.5 and P:O ratio of 2.9. These mitochondria also had a Ca2+:O ratio of approximately 5.2, and the ratio of oxygen uptake in the presence of external Ca2+ to that in its absence was 4.0. The reversible transition of respiration to State 3 on the addition of ADP in phosphate media could be blocked by the prior accumulation of 50--200 nmoles/mg of Ca2+. The inhibition was reversible, and on the release of the accumulated Ca2+ by Na+/Ca2+ exchange, the mitochondria became responsive to ADP. The decreased response to ADP following the addition of Ca2+ is probably associated with Ca2+ ions complexing adenine nucleotides within the mitochondria, thus reducing the exchangeable pool and the amount of ADP available to the F1-ATPase. PMID- 7219194 TI - Properties of the M antigen solubilized from genetically high potassium sheep red cells. AB - The M antigen genetically associated with the high potassium (HK) status of sheep red cells was solubilized in 0.5% Triton X-100. This procedure did not impair M antibody binding in the presence of detergent because solubilized membranes bound M-antibody in units equivalent to control membranes. As judged by M-antibody binding, the antigen was found to be stable in 0.5% Triton X-100 at 4 degree C but lost its activity rapidly at 37 degree C or when diluted to low detergent concentrations. However, the formation of the M antigen-antibody complex prior to dilution or exposure to elevated temperature protected the M antigen from inactivation. Brief exposure to alkaline pH released the extrinsic membrane proteins from red cell membranes without solubilizing the M antigen. The intrinsic membrane proteins were further separated by ion exchange chromatography on Affi-Gel 102. M antigenic activity copurified with the sheep specific protein band 2.2 band 6, and the glycoproteins and appeared to be separate from the main portion of band 3 protein. PMID- 7219196 TI - Comparison of techniques to measure pulmonary capillary filtration coefficients in dogs. PMID- 7219197 TI - Superficial lymphatics in the functional zone of normal human endometrium. PMID- 7219195 TI - The mechanism of maleic acid nephropathy: investigations using brush border membrane vesicles. AB - Brush border membrane vesicles from dog kidney proximal tubule have been used to investigate the pathogenesis of glucosuria resulting from maleic acid nephropathy. Direct exposure of brush border vesicles to 9 mM maleic acid for up to 36 minutes has no effect of the Na+-dependent D-glucose uptake mechanism. Brush border membrane vesicles were then prepared from dogs in which glucosuria had first been induced by prior administration of maleic acid (250 mg/Kg body weight). The timed uptake of D- and L-glucose was measured in the presence in the presence of both Na+ chemical and electropotential driving forces and compared to uptake in vesicles prepared from matched control kidneys from the same animal. Maleic acid treated and control vesicles were also assayed for the presence of the Na+-dependent high affinity phlorizin receptor. Our results indicate that there is no alteration in behavior of the Na+-dependent transport system for glucose at the brush border membrane in the model Fanconi state produced by maleic acid. Moreover, there is no change in the coupling of sugar transport either to the Na+ chemical or the electrical potential gradient across the brush border membrane. These studies imply that further efforts to define the pathogenesis of maleic acid nephropathy are probably best carried out using intact tissue or cells because the molecular defect is at the level of the Na+ pump and/or at some intracellular site affecting production of ATP. PMID- 7219198 TI - Vasomotor activity, time-dependent fluid exchange and tissue pressure. PMID- 7219199 TI - Quantitative ultrastructural studies on arteriolar innervation in the rat ureter. PMID- 7219200 TI - Intrinsic propulsive activity of thoracic duct perfused in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 7219201 TI - Functional significance of microvascular collateral anastomoses after chronic coronary artery occlusion. PMID- 7219202 TI - Influence of the normal human forearm vascular bed on platelet aggregation, counts, size. PMID- 7219204 TI - Mode of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus infection in tissue culture cells. II. Cell-free viruses in cell cultures infected with Kitaken-1 and Biken strains of SSPE virus. AB - Cell-free infectious viruses were successfully recovered by the aid of freezing and thawing from cultures infected with the Kitaken-1 and Biken strains of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus. Our results including those in a previous report which dealt with the Niigata-1 strain of SSPE virus show that cell-free viruses can be detected from all of the SSPE virus-carrying cultures established in Japan. It was also found that cell-free infectious viruses can be recovered efficiently by dispersing the virus-carrying cultures with EDTA. The inclusion of trypsin in the EDTA solution, however, caused a poor recovery of the infectious viruses. Infection of cells with the cell-free viruses readily established the virus-carrying cultures that have characteristics comparable to those of their original cultures. The culture infected with the Kitaken-1 strain produced infectious viruses in about ten times the amount of the other two infected cultures. The buoyant densities of the cell-free infectious viruses were almost the same among the three strains, the values being 1.120 to 1.132, but significantly less than that of 1.164 of measles virus. The low density can be ascribed to one of the characteristics of these SSPE viruses. PMID- 7219203 TI - Adherence of Yersinia enterocolitica to mammalian epithelial cell lines. AB - Yersinia enterocolitica RIMD 2501003 grown at 25 C avidly adhered to various kinds of cultured epithelial cell lines (HeLa, FL, Y-1 adrenal, human intestine, human conjunctiva) but the bacteria grown at 37 C did not adhere. This phenomenon paralleled the temperature-dependent motility of the bacteria. To clarify the adherence mechanism, we obtained two kinds of mutants, an immobile mutant and a nonadherent mutant, by treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The immobile mutant did not move on soft agar but retained the capacity to adhere to cultured epithelial cells when grown at 25 C. The nonadherent mutant did not adhere to cultured epithelial cells but retained the ability to move on soft agar when grown at 25 C. When the bacteria were killed by heat, ultraviolet light irradiation or formaldehyde they lost their capacity to adhere to the cultured epithelial cells. Antiserum against Y. enterocolitica RIMD 2501003 grown at 25 C was absorbed with the bacteria grown at 37 C, with the bacteria grown at 25 C, with the nonadherent mutant grown at 25 C and with the bacteria killed by various means. Only the antiserum absorbed with bacteria grown at 37 C inhibited the adherence of bacteria. These data indicate that motility does not correlate with adherence of Y. enterocolitica. It appears that the adherence factor involves both a temperature-dependent surface factor and a factor synthesized de novo during the interaction of susceptible cells with the bacteria. PMID- 7219206 TI - A complement inhibitor produced by Stachybotrys complementi, nov. sp. K-76, a new species of fungi imperfecti. AB - A complement inhibitor, K-76, was isolated and purified from the culture supernatant of a fungus, Stachybotrys complementi, nov. sp. K-76, isolated from soil of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa. K-76 is a sesquiterpene compound and it can be oxidized to a monocarboxylic derivative (K-76 COOH), the sodium salt of which is very soluble and much less toxic than K-76. K-76 and K-76 COOH both inhibited complement activation by either the classical or alternative pathway. They inhibited generation of the factor chemotactic to human polymorphonuclear leukocytes from human serum by aggregated immunoglobulin. When sensitized erythrocytes were treated with complement in the presence of K-76 COOH, the resulting unlysed cells were found to be in the state of EACl, 4b, 2a, 3b. Thus K 76 COOH is considered to block mainly the C5 intermediate step. K-76 COOH did not inhibit any proteases or esterases tested, except when tested at high concentration. PMID- 7219205 TI - Mitogenic activity of cytoplasmic membranes isolated from L-forms of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Cytoplasmic membranes of L-forms of Staphylococcus aureus exerted a strong mitogenic effect on splenocytes of athymic nude mice as well as normal mice, while a cytoplasmic fraction of the same bacteria did not show definite mitogenicity. The mitogenic principle(s) of the membrane fraction was resistant to treatment with trypsin and was heat stable (at 100 C for 10 min). The active principle(s) in the insoluble residue of the membrane fraction digested with trypsin was not extracted with cold acetone, but could be solubilized by extraction with a cold chloroform-methanol mixture (2:1, v/v). The mitogenic principle(s) in the extract was fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography. Among five fractions separated by chromatography, fractions eluted with chloroform-methanol mixtures (1:1 and 1:20, v/v) were found to be strongly mitogenic. The cytoplasmic membranes of the L-forms also exerted a definite mitogenic effect on guinea pig splenocytes, but not on the thymocytes. PMID- 7219207 TI - Estimation of type-specific neutralizing antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2 in uterine cervical cancer patients by a new absorption method. AB - A simple method of estimating type-specific neutralizing antibody to type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) was devised with the use of the microneutralization system. Serially diluted serum was mixed in the well with a constant amount of type 1 virus (HSV-1), and after 3 days' incubation at 37 C, the plate was irradiated with ultraviolet light. The absorbing HSV-1 consisted of culture fluid plus an extract of infected Vero cells not especially concentrated. The well then received indicator HSV-1 or HSV-2, and after being left at 37 C for 1 hr a suspension of dispersed Vero cells was dropped into the wells, following our standard neutralization procedure. Preliminary tests with rabbit antisera showed that even a low level of HSV-2 antibody was detected by this method, unless an exceptionally high titer of HSV-1 antibody originally coexisted with the HSV-2 antibody. Sera from acutely infected persons testified to the specificity of the antibody so detected. It was revealed by means of the new technique that the rate of HSV-2 antibody was significantly higher in uterine cervical cancer patients than in control women. There was no correlation between the clinical stage of cervical cancer and the presence of HSV-2 antibody. PMID- 7219208 TI - On the mechanism of inactivation of Chikungunya virus by tannic acid. AB - The mechanism of the action of tannic acid (TA) Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was investigated. Both infectivity and hemagglutination (HA) activity of CHIKV were reduced by treatment with TA in vitro. Aggregation of the TA-treated virus particles was observed by electron microscopy. The reaction was reversible, depending on the pH of the mixture. However, mere dilution of the TA-virus mixture or addition of other protein, such as bovine serum albumin, did not restore the lost infectivity. TA also suppressed the infectivity of RNA extracted from the virus and the HA activity of the viral membrane. The affinity between TA and CHIKV structural proteins (E1, E2, and C) was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a discontinuous buffer system and the order of affinity was found to be C greater than E1 greater than E2. Specific conditions for binding of TA to each of the virus proteins were investigated. PMID- 7219209 TI - The interactions of porcine and ovine, serum and colostral immunoglobulins with staphylococcal Protein A. AB - The purpose of these studies was to determine the proportion of each immunoglobulin class/subclass in blood and colostrum of the pig and sheep, which would bind to staphylococcal Protein A. The concentrations of porcine IgG, IgM, and IgA were determined for serum and colostral whey from five sows. Similar measurements were made on two fractions produce by elution of the sample through a Protein A-Sepharose column: fraction 1, immunoglobulins which did not bind to Protein A, and fraction 2, immunoglobulins which bound to Protein A. The concentrations of ovine IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and IgA were measured for serum and colostral whey from six ewes, and again similar measurements were made after elution of each ovine sample through Protein A-Sepharose. All classes/subclasses of porcine and ovine serum and colostral immunoglobulins bound to Protein A to some extent. More than 90% of IgG from both porcine colostral whey and serum bound to Protein A. Ovine IgG1 from most ewes possessed a low affinity for Protein A whereas ovine IgG2 generally possessed a high affinity; 100% of the IgG2 in ovine colostral whey samples bound to Protein A. There was remarkable variation between individuals in the binding capacity of porcine IgM and each of the ovine immunoglobulins. For the ovine samples, in particular there were distinct differences between Protein A binding capacity of serum and colostral immunoglobulins of the same class/subclass. PMID- 7219211 TI - [Bacterial population dynamics in a soil--plant system]. AB - The dynamics of Rhizobium leguminosarum and Arthrobacter crystallopoietes populations introduced into soil at different levels of density was studied in a zone near barley roots. Microbial life with a high rate of growth was found only at the root surface. For A. crystallopoietes, the ultimate bacterial incidence at the root surface was found to depend on the original level of population density. For Rh. leguminosarum, the ultimate incidence was shown to reach an identical level irrespective of the original population density. Apparently, the identical level of stabilization in Rh. leguminosarum and the dependence of the ultimate incidence of A. crystallopoietes on the original population density reflect the peculiarities of ecological strategies displayed by these microorganisms. The introduction of A. crystallopoietes and Rh. leguminosarum into soil had no effect on the dynamics of soil bacteria assayed by the inoculation method. PMID- 7219210 TI - [New species of Micrococcus melaninogenerans synthesizing melanin]. PMID- 7219212 TI - [Oxidation of sulfide minerals by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans]. AB - Samples of natural pyrites and sphalerites were subjected to the action of the mineral medium 9K with 1 g of Fe3+ per litre in the presence and in the absence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, and incubated at 28 degrees C under the stationary conditions for 30 days. The chemical composition of the solutions was studied after leaching as well as changes of the surfaces of monoliths. The deepest etching of surfaces with the formation of crusts and films of jarosite, limonite and goslarite occurs upon the combined action of bacteria and Fe3+ in regions of a fine-zonal structure enriched with an isomorphous arsenic admixture which are characterized by a defective weak structure. The pyrite and sphalerite from Charmitan with a higher arsenic and iron content were leached more than the pyrite and sphalerite from Kurgashincan. This was also corroborated by chemical analyses of leaching solutions and by monometric studies of crushed sulfide samples. PMID- 7219213 TI - [Formation of molecular hydrogen by the action of stratal microflora on oil]. AB - Methane and carbon dioxide were produced during the growth of a methane forming bacterial biocenosis from oil-bearing strata in the cultural broth of hydrocarbon oxidizing microorganisms grown in a medium with methane-naphthene oil. Molecular hydrogen can be produced by fermenting microorganisms isolated from stratal water in the course of their growth in the cultural broth of hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria cultivated in media with methane oil, methane-naphthene oil and naphthene-aromatic oil. PMID- 7219216 TI - [Properties of the obligate methylotroph Methylophilus methanolovorus]. AB - A strain of obligate methylotrophic bacteria utilizing methanol as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from the activated sludge. The bacteria are strictly aerobic Gram-negative non-pigmented motile rods with a single polar flagellum. They do not form spores or capsules and have no complex intracytoplasmic membranes. They do not require vitamins and assimilate methanol via the hexulose phosphate pathway. The G+C content of DNA is 51.0 +/- 0.5 mole%. The optimal temperature is 30-38 degrees C, the optimal pH is 6.8-7.4. The obligate dependence on C1-substrates but not on methane, as well as the absence of complex intracytoplasmic membranes, makes it possible to assign such methylotrophs to the genus Methylophilus nov. gen. The description of the new genus and species M. methanolovorus nov. gen., nov. sp. is presented. PMID- 7219214 TI - [Arctic pigmented mycobacteria and their role in the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons]. AB - Red-orange Mycobacterium species (the rhodochrous group) were isolated from the water of the Arctic regions; they were described, and the structure of lipids and the assimilation of oil products of low temperatures were comparatively studied in the arctic water and soil Mycobacterium species. The composition of usual fatty and mycolic acids was studied in two strains growing in a medium with hexadecane. Palmitic acid prevailed among fatty acids in the both strains; mycolic acids were represented by the compounds C34:0 and C34:1 (Mycobacterium brevicale) and C32:0 and C:34:0 (Mycobacterium sp.). The presence of unsaturated mycolic acids in the cells correlated with their capability to assimilate hydrocarbons at low temperatures. PMID- 7219215 TI - [Relationship between the dynamics of the numbers of nodule bacteria in the soil and the stage of microbial succession]. AB - The survival of a population of nodule bacteria after its introduction into soil depends on the ratio between favourable and unfavourable microzones. This ratio does not remain constant in one and the same soil at different stages of microbial succession even if the succession is caused by simple humidification of the soil without any introduction of additional substrates. The dynamics of the incidence of nodule bacteria introduced, at one and the same level, into soil samples of different growth stages of a complex of soil microorganisms significantly differed. Successful nitragination may be assisted by determining the growth stage of a microbial system when the population is being introduced and by changing the environment in the soil. PMID- 7219217 TI - [Metabolism of organic nitrogen compounds by carboxydobacteria]. AB - The capability to hydrolyze and assimilate creatinine, uric and hippuric acids as sources of nitrogen, carbon and energy was studied in Comamonas compransoris Z 1155, Seliberia carboxydohydrogena Z-1062 and Pseudomonas gazotropha Z-1156. The organisms effectively hydrolyzed these compounds and assimilated their nitrogen under the conditions of autotrophic growth. The carboxydobacteria were also capable of growing in media containing creatinine, uric and hippuric acids and assimilated these compounds as carbon sources. In the absence of extraneous energy sources, none of the organisms grew in media with organic nitrogen compounds though the latter were hydrolyzed. PMID- 7219218 TI - [Utilization of 4-chlorobenzoic acid by Arthrobacter globiformis]. AB - A strain of Arthrobacter globiformis utilizing 4-chlorobenzoic acid as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated by the method of enrichment cultures from vegetable garden soil near Moscow. The yield of released chlorine upon the utilization of 4-chlorobenzoic acid exceeded 96% of the theoretically possible one. Biotin stimulated noticeably the utilization of the acid. The concentration of 4-chlorobenzoic acid that apparently did not inhibit the growth of the isolated organism was within the range of 0.5-0.6 g per litre. The strain utilized a number of mono- and dihydroxybenzoic acids but not benzoic acid. This observation make possible that dehalogenization occurs at the first step of preparative metabolism. The oxidation of 4-chlorobenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and galactose by the cells grown on these compounds has been studied and shown that the oxidation system for 4-chlorobenzoic acid is an inducible one whereas that for 4-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids is a constitutive or a semiconstitutive one. PMID- 7219219 TI - [Arsenic oxidation by the heterotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Alcaligenes eutrophus]. AB - Two heterotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas putida 18 and Alcaligenes eutrophus 280, were isolated from gold-arsenic deposits. The bacteria oxidize As(III) to As(V) at pH 6-9 and temperatures 4-28 and 28 degrees C respectively. The oxidation is accompanied by a decrease in the pH of the medium. The rate of the oxidation directly depends on the number of cells in the inoculum. PMID- 7219220 TI - [Growth of obligate-thermophilic bacteria on a medium with paraffin]. AB - The obligate thermophilic bacteria Bacillus stearothermophilus (the optimal growth temperature 55-73 degrees C) and Thermus ruber (the optimal growth temperature 60 degrees C) were isolated from hot water springs of the Kunashir Island for the first time in a liquid mineral medium with paraffin. Some of the bacteria belonging to Bac. stearothermophilus grew at a high rate in a liquid medium with paraffin (strain 16); other strains (12a, 12b) were capable of growing only together with Thermus ruber; some strains could grow only on a solid medium with paraffin (strains 14a, 14b). PMID- 7219221 TI - [Kinetics of the growth of colonies of Mucor plumbeus and Mortierella ramanniana fungi on agarized media with glucose]. AB - The growth kinetics of Mucor plumbeus and Mortierella ramanniana colonies was studied during cultivation of these two soil fungi on solid media with glucose as a limiting substrate. Within the whole studied range of glucose concentrations (s), the radial growth rate of colonies (Kr) can be satisfactorily described with the following equation that takes substrate inhibition into consideration: (Formula: see text) The values of kinetic parameters for M. plumbeus and Mort. ramanniana, respectively, are: the maximal radial growth rate Kr(max), 0.434 and 0.075 mm/hr; the saturation constant Ks, 6.5 and 5.6 mg/l; the substrate inhibition constant, Ks(i), 3315 and 98.6 mg/l. The mechanism of substrate inhibition is manifested in a decrease in the width (volume) of the peripheral zone of the colonial growth at high substrate concentrations, and is not related to a decrease in the specific growth rate of the fungi. Regardless of the drastic differences in the Kr of the two cultures, their specific growth rates are similar and depend on the substrate concentration according to in the same pattern. PMID- 7219222 TI - [Metabolite excretion by yeasts of the genus Candida in media lacking sources of N, P, S, or Mg and having different carbon sources]. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the effect produced by limiting the growth of yeasts belonging to the genus Candida on the excretion of cell metabolites. Changes in the composition and quantitative ratios between substances excreted depending on the carbon source (glucose, ethanol, hexadecane) and factors limiting growth of the cultures (N, P, S or Mg sources) were examined. It has been shown that (a) limitation of the yeast growth results in the majority of cases (but not always) in the excretion of macroquantities of these or other metabolites; (b) many microorganisms differ substantially from one another in their capacity to excrete metabolites; (c) the total number of metabolites found in the medium in macroquantities in different variants of the experiment is relatively small, and all of them belong to these or other intermediates of the oxidative metabolism of the carbon source (the acids of the citric acid cycle etc.) or are involved in the process of gluconeogenesis (polyols); (d) the composition and quantitative proportions of the excreted metabolites depend on the organism, carbon source and growth limiting factor. PMID- 7219223 TI - [Effect of inhibitors of mitochondrial protein synthesis on the growth of Endomyces magnusii cells]. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the role of the glycolytic system in maintaining the growth and division of Endomyces magnusii cells. The system of oxidative phosphorylation was blocked by adding the inhibitor of mitochondrial translation, erythromycin, and the inhibitor of mitochondrial transcription, ethidium bromide, to the cultural broth. The two inhibitors of mitochondrial protein synthesis entirely prevented the growth and division of yeast cells in liquid and solid media when either fermentable or nonfermentable substrates were used as carbon sources. Two conclusions have been drawn: (1) glycolysis cannot support the growth of Endomyces magnusii cells and (2) the system of oxidative phosphorylation plays an important role in the energy metabolism of this organism. PMID- 7219225 TI - [Characteristics of lipases in the culture fluid of Penicillium roqueforti]. AB - Lipases were isolated from the cultural broth of Penicillium roqueforti 141, purified and their properties were studied. The lipases differed in their amino acid composition and had a high content of polar amino acids , in particular aspartic and glutamic acids. The lipases contained also carbohydrates (1.4-3.3%): mannose, xylose and glucosamine. The lipases were stable to heating (up to 55 degrees C) and within a wide pH range. The optimal activity of lipases I and III was observed at 40 degrees C and pH 7.0, that of lipase II at 45 degrees C and pH 6.0. The effect of metal ions and various inhibitors on the activity of the lipases was studied. Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+ ions did not activate the lipases. These were inhibited by a broad spectrum of reagents for sulfhydryl groups and by a phosphoorganic compound. This fact suggest that the lipases belong to "serine" enzymes containing sulfhydryl groups. PMID- 7219224 TI - [Lipids of the luminescent bacteria Photobacterium mandapamensis]. AB - The composition of lipids was studied in the luminescent bacterium Photobacterium mandapamensis under the conditions of maximal luminescence. The synthesis of total lipids and poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (PHBA) was investigated in dynamics under the conditions of batch cultivation. The major class of lipids was polar lipids (84.3%) represented by phospholipids (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, cardiolipin, lysocardiolipin, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine) and a minor nonidentified phospholipid. The fraction of neutral lipids was represented mainly by free fatty acids (about 5%), tri- and diglycerides (in trace amounts), and two nonidentified classes, apparently, hydrocarbons and waxes. A correlation was established between the luminescence of the bacterium and the content of PHBA. PMID- 7219226 TI - The dialysis exercise: a learning simulation for medical students. AB - The dialysis exercise is a small group decision-making clinical simulation which has been completely successful as an educational technique. The success of the exercise stems from its ability to engage students cognitively and affectively while teaching problem solving skills. This complete learning package is presented, together with comments on our experience, for use in other settings. PMID- 7219227 TI - New techniques in the construction of patient-management problems. AB - A structured interview was tested as a means of constructing patient management problems (PMPs). Three paediatric cardiologists and three medical students were each interviewed separately to collect information to construct PMPs. Four PMPs- two devised by cardiologists and two by students--were constructed. The PMPs were administered to other doctors and medical students. No difference in performance or user reaction were found between the PMPs authored by doctors or those by students. We believe PMPs can be developed by a time-saving technique of a structured interview, and that senior medical students can provide a reservoir for realistic PMPs. PMID- 7219228 TI - Survey of hospital doctors' training goals in diagnosis and management of pulmonary diseases. AB - Although subspecialty training goals for junior hospital doctors have not been evaluated, they are potentially useful for assessing clinical competence. A questionnaire was sent to medical residents, full-time pulmonary teaching staff, and community-based physicians who were asked to rate the importance of diagnosing and managing selected pulmonary diseases for the future practices of young hospital doctors. The latter also rated their perceived preparedness for the same training goals. Generally good intra- and intergroup agreement about the relevance of most of the training goals was observed, although the hospital doctors rated a greater number of items to be more important than did the two other groups. This finding may be attributed to institutional influences and to many clinical abilities expected of all physicians. Immunological or fibrotic and paediatric respiratory disorders were rated least important by most respondents. The hospital doctors disagreed on the basis of the distribution of their ratings about their preparedness for the same goals, which probably reflects varying training experiences and background. The process of developing general professional training goals in a subspecialty requires discussion, identification, and consensus to identify and potentially correct areas of weakness, with allowance for institutional training patterns. A survey such as described in this study can provide data that can help measure clinical competence and support or define curricular changes. PMID- 7219229 TI - An analysis of internship training in Sri Lanka. AB - The internship period is a critical phase in the continuum of training provided to medical students. An analysis was made of the tasks the intern medical officers in Sri Lanka are engaged in during their period of training in different clinical disciplines. Data was collected by direct observations by trained observers for a continuous period of 10 days and self-reporting by the interns at the two teaching hospitals and four of the provincial hospitals where interns are posted. The reliability of the data was high. The results indicated the wide differences in the learning experiences of the interns in important aspects of patient care in the different training situations. The non-availability of any guidelines to the consultants with respect to the training intended is another deficiency. The study shows an urgent need to implement a planned and monitored internship programme in the country. PMID- 7219230 TI - Performance correlates in a postgraduate psychiatric examination. AB - This paper has reported some aspects of an analysis of the correlates of success in candidates' first attempts at the postgraduate psychiatric examinations of the R.A.N.Z.C.P. These are developed to suggest some attributes which selectors of trainees could take into account. Profitable future areas for research are delineated. PMID- 7219231 TI - Free-response tests versus multiple-choice tests. PMID- 7219232 TI - The critical role of the nucleolus in cell differentiation and stem cell development - an extension of the concept with a look at the mast cell and its possible role in zinc metabolism. AB - From the assumptions governing the behaviour of primitive cells, a set of corollaries is established and the corollaries are used in coming to an understanding of the growth and differentiation of the pancreas. A case is made out to show that there is a constant replacement of old acini by new throughout the life of the pancreas, and that new acini are derived from primitive cells (fixed reticulum cells) present in the stroma which envelopes the fine ducts. The part played by the mast cells in the process is discussed, and view put forward that circulating thymocytes are mast cell precursors, and that the function of the mast cell is to provide the primitive cells of the pancreas (and the primitive cells of certain other tissues) with Zn in an assimilatable form. The hypothesis is made that Zn can only be assimilated by primitive cells, and, that for organs other than the thymus, it is assimilated in the form of the histamine Zn complex liberated by the mast cells. The fate of the mast cell is analysed, and the suggestion made that, following degranulation, the mast cell nucleus is transformed into a cell of the eosinophil series. The role of the basophil is also analysed, and the conclusion reached that basophils are mast cells whose development has been modified by plasma. PMID- 7219233 TI - The critical role of the nucleolus in cell differentiation and stem cell development - the concept as it applies to erythropoiesis. AB - There is evidence to suggest that nucleated red blood cells (normoblasts) are derived from a fixed reticulum cell lining that marrow sinusoids. The reticulum cell is transformed into a nucleolated stem cell which gives rise to a cluster of normoblasts by a special process of clonal division. The problem, which is paramount to myeloid development, is what happens to the large numbers of nuclei which are extruded from the normoblasts during the freeing of the haemoglobinised plastid. They seem to disappear without a trace, and in order to explain this phenomenon the hypothesis is made that the extruded nuclei are transformed into cells of the neutrophil series, and evidence is presented to support this viewpoint. PMID- 7219234 TI - "The critical role of the nucleolus in cell differentiation and stem cell development - the concept as it applies to the malignant cell.". AB - Whereas growth prior to organ formation in the embryo is by replication of primitive cells, growth subsequent to organ formation is assumed to be due to replication of differentiated cells. The replication of both primitive cells and differentiated cells is said to conform to the classical mitotic cycle. But the cycle does not show how differentiation takes place, and to remedy this an alternative cycle incorporating clonal division is postulated. In order to explain malignant growth on the basis of the mitotic cycle, traditionalists have had to introduce the concept of dedifferentiation but the concept does not quite stand up to a critical analysis. Malignant change appears to be due to a nucleolar fault rather than a chromosomal one, and the behaviour of the malignant cell in adenocarcinoma of the lung confirms this. Smears made from the tumour mass indicate that the malignant stem cells are transformed into "specialised cells" by the same process of clonal division as already postulated for normal tissue growth. The presence of differentiating cells in adenocarcinoma greatly lessens the likelihood of dedifferentiation playing a part in malignancy. On the other hand, the presence of abnormal stem cells with bizarre nucleoli strengthens the case for malignancy being due primarily to a nucleolar fault. PMID- 7219235 TI - Possible structures for the nucleosome core of chromatin at the molecular level. AB - This paper integrates data from four sources into a single hypothesis of the overall structure of the histones making up the core of the nucleosome. The data collated are (i) the overall size and shape of the particle and number and symmetry of histones involved; (ii) the known loci of attachment of the individual histones to specified loci on the DNA super coil; (iii) the known loci of individual amino acid residues known to bind to DNA; and (iv) the Chou and Fasman predictions of secondary structures from sequences of the individual histones. The overall structure suggested in two inner struts made up by the two H4 molecules. These struts are strengthened by H3 alpha and beta-structure and H2 beta alpha-helices. PMID- 7219236 TI - An initial step in the induction of cancer, the loss of histone H1 from chromosomes - a hypothesis. AB - Unexpected blood group antigens of the P and ABO blood group systems have been found on gastric carcinoma cells of some individuals whose red cells did not possess the antigens and whose sera contained the corresponding antibodies. On the basis of the known biosynthetic pathways leading to the synthesis of the antigens, and on the concept that the blood group genes involved control the structure of glycosyltransferases, it seems that the individuals possess the respective glycosyltransferases structural genes which are not expressed in normal tissues. However, the genes have become expressed in the carcinoma cells. PMID- 7219237 TI - Feedback in cancer. AB - The theory presented regards cancer as a systemic disease initiated by carcinogens, and neoplasia as the organism's main defence against it. Carcinogens are assumed to destroy a vital substance "A" which is replenished by a second, "B", produced by neoplastic stem cells. Cancer progression is manifested by a gradual deterioration of the "A" producing machinery accompanied by a compensatory proliferation of neoplastic "B" producing stem cells whose size is therefore closely regulated so as to meet the organism's demands. Any stem cell pool reduction leading to a loss of "A" or "B" is followed by a proliferation of the remaining stem cells to replenish the loss. Such may be observed in chronic lymphoblastic leukemia maintaining a nearly constant elevated peripheral lymphoblast count. Following selective lymphoblast destruction the count is rapidly replenished to its pretreatment level. The same mechanism is assumed to explain the detrimental effect of some surgical interventions on cancer patients. Neoplastic progression is postulated to a obey a "stem cell conservation" principle which when violated is followed either by a stem cell replenishment or aggrevates the patient's conditions. This conservation law introduces a new definition of carcinogenesis: Any process reducing the "A" or "B" producing machinery is regarded as a carcinogen. A definition embracing, surgical extirpation of normal or neoplastic stem cells or cell destruction by irradiation, chemotherapy or chemical carcinogens. PMID- 7219238 TI - Blindness and schizophrenia. AB - The implications of both blindness and schizophrenia are discussed with regard to the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia. The ward charts of hospitalized patients in a section for the blind of a state psychiatric hospital were examined to determine if there were any patients who were both blind and had schizophrenia. It was found that none of the patients diagnosed as schizophrenic was totally blind on admission. Two patients diagnosed as schizophrenic were partially blind due to loss of the left eye sustained in a fight and iritis of the right eye respectively. PMID- 7219239 TI - Do arterial chemoreceptors play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension? AB - Although the arterial chemoreflex exerts a powerful influence upon the cardiovascular system, this reflex has until now been a disregarded factor in hypertension research. By comparing the physiological effects of chemoreceptor excitation to disarrangements present during the early labile phase of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats, we found remarkable similarities. A search through the literature as well as our experimental data fully confirm this association. Many factors, among them decreased blood flow through the glomic tissue, lead to chemoreceptor stimulation. The origins of the chemoreceptor arteries are located in areas very susceptible to atherosclerotic changes which can lead to ischemia of chemoreceptor tissue. We are led to hypothesize that arterial chemoreflex is a significant factor in the etiology of essential hypertension. PMID- 7219240 TI - Sulfite oxidase deficiency: a high risk factor in SO2, sulfite, and bisulfite toxicity? AB - It has been hypothesized that sulfite oxidase deficient persons may be at increased risk to toxicity from SO2 and dietary sulfites widely used for food preservation. Sulfite oxidase is believed to be responsible for the detoxification of SO2 and/or sulfite to sulfate for excretion. Human and animal studies have shown that S-sulfonates, believed to transport sulfite in the blood, are formed in response to exposure to low levels of SO2. Besides its numerous toxic effects, e.g. respiratory impairment, interference with immunological response and oxygen transport and platelet aggregation inhibition, SO2 has the ability to alter DNA during replication causing T . A transitions, chromosome abnormalities and depression of DNA synthesis. PMID- 7219241 TI - Multiple sclerosis: is the domestic cat involved? AB - Recent evidence suggests a possible viral aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present hypothesis proposes a relationship between MS and a demyelinating condition in the central nervous system of cats from which a paramyxovirus has been isolated. The theory attempts to relate the distribution and incidence of MS with the keeping of cats as household pets. The incidence of MS is explained on the basis of a human susceptibility factor, perhaps the histocompatibility antigens and the onset, remissions and relapse of MS are considered to be related to stressful situations which trigger a persistent virus. PMID- 7219243 TI - The universal, muscular chain reaction, muscle spasm, torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders. AB - Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is "panenepidemic" and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes. PMID- 7219242 TI - Total body protein turnover and growth in children: is it a futile cycle? AB - Rates of total body protein turnover during growth greatly exceed those necessary for net protein deposition. The excess protein synthesis would appear to be energy wasteful. However, a constant relationship is noted between whole body protein synthesis and basal energy needs, except during periods of rapid growth and development (newborn and adolescence). We suggest that whole body protein turnover is regulated by basal energy needs. The excess synthesis seen during periods of rapid growth is probably necessary to permit development and remodelling of tissues and organs to take place coincident with a mere increase in size. PMID- 7219244 TI - Point of view--a role for "nutritional insurance" supplementation in preventive medicine. AB - While macronutrient dietary profile is receiving increasing attention as a determinant of disease risk, the potential of micronutrient supplementation as a public health tool has received little serious attention within orthodox medical circles. In light of the fact that the biochemical effects of many nutrients vary as a function of dose within and beyond "adequate" intake levels, and in light of individual differences in nutrient requirements, it is evident that micronutrient dietary profile--even under the assumption that all nutrient intakes are at least "adequate" or "normal"--plays a major role in determining long-term disease risk. Intelligently planned "nutritional insurance" supplementation could be expected to prevent or delay the onset of many degenerative diseases, while helping to satisfy idiosyncratically high requirements and preventing nutrient deficiency disease. PMID- 7219246 TI - Selective resolution of plaques and treatment of atherosclerosis by biophysical alteration of "cellular" and "intracellular" properties. AB - Presenting a totally new approach to the effective treatment of Atherosclerosis through the alteration of biophysical properties both "intracellularly" and "extracellularly." The experimental data is preliminary but the results obtained indicate that by allowing the atherosclerotic lesions to take up the magnetically excitable submicron particles and then applying an external alternating electromagnetic field, the atherosclerotic lesions may be selectively resolved without damaging normal blood vessels. This concept suggests many areas of investigation since there are a variety of means of biophysically altering the atherosclerotic plaques, and many substances may be utilized to enhance the process. This new technology and this initial experimentation introduces a "new era" in the effective treatment of Atherosclerosis. PMID- 7219245 TI - The pharmacological role of zinc: evidence from clinical studies on animals. AB - Understanding the roles of zinc in the liver is likely to lead to improved therapy of some clinical conditions. Zinc appears to stimulate protein synthesis in the liver where it increases the binding and inhibits the degradation of insulin. Stimulating or maintaining protein synthesis in the liver is crucial to the outcome of parturition, injury or hepatotoxin challenge. A critical liver protein in circulatory collapse is angiotensinogen. This paper describes the observations of animal responses, in a practical farm situation, to zinc medication. PMID- 7219247 TI - Multiple immunologic pathogeneses for inflammatory diseases of the colon. AB - There has been no clear indication, although there have been many indirect suggestions, that inflammatory diseases of the colon are due to immune activation against antigens of the colon. It is possible that inflammatory diseases of the colon have different etiologies and pathogeneses. Such etiologic differences may require different therapeutic approaches. The following paper will give experimental evidence which indicates that there are at least three different immunologic etiologies which can produce inflammatory colonic disease. This must be taken as a minimum number of etiologies and does not preclude the possibility that non-immunologic mechanisms may also produce these diseases. PMID- 7219250 TI - Isoprene: a possible anticarcinogen. PMID- 7219249 TI - Mobius DNA, the paper tiger. PMID- 7219248 TI - Prospects for nutritional control of hypertension. AB - Sodium restriction is not the only nutritional measure likely to prove valuable in the treatment and prevention of hypertension. The hypotensive effects of central adrenergic stimulation can be promoted by supplementary tyrosine, insulin potentiation (as with GTF), and (possibly) high-dose pyridoxine. Insulin potentiators (GTF) and prostaglandin precursors (essential fatty acids) should have direct relaxant effects on vascular muscle. A high potassium, low sodium diet, coenzyme Q, and prevention of cadmium toxicity (as with dietary selenium) may act to offset renally-mediated pressor influences. Functional combinations of these measures might prove to be substantially effective, in which case they would offer considerable advantages over potentially toxic drug therapies. PMID- 7219251 TI - Tumour immunobiology. AB - A hypothesis for the interactional mechanism between tumour cells and the lymphopoeitic system, with its resulting sequence of immune depression is outlined, along with a review of the current literature relating to this area. The concept that the tumour cell surface is responsible not only for loss of cell surface contact inhibition, but also protecting itself from the lymphopoeitic elements that come into contact with it by infecting them with nucleic acid particles produced by its excessive nuclear turnover, is espoused, with a variety of supporting data. PMID- 7219252 TI - Tropical pyomyositis, a thiamine-deficiency disease. AB - On the basis of clinical observations made in Shanghai which confirmed the clinical and experimental findings of Osawa in Japan, it is suggested that thiamine deficiency is an essential contributary factor in producing tropical pyomyositis (TPM). It was found that the majority of patients affected by TPM suffer or have previously suffered from beriberi. The practical disappearance of TPM in Japan in recent years supports the above view. Thiamine deficiency induces a biochemical lesion (Peters) in the pyruvate oxidase system of the muscle, which breaks down its normal resistance to infection and opens the gate to bacterial agents. It is possible that in different parts of the world other or additional factors may play a similar role to that of thiamine deficiency. It is suggested that a wide survey should be undertaken--perhaps by the World Health Organisation -especially in areas in which TPM is endemic, using all relevant methods, to elucidate the factor or factors responsible for the development of TPM. PMID- 7219253 TI - The risk of chemotherapy. AB - Human survival curves may be classified according to the magnitudes of their hazard rate derivatives into three elementary shapes or groups: Aging (lambda' (t) greater than 0), random death (lambda' (t) = 0) and regeneration (lambda' (t) less than 0). Each observed survival curve is assumed to be composed of one or more elementary shapes. The aging pattern is observed in population cohorts from the age of 15 years and onward. It underlies survival curves of experimental animal treated by whole body irradiation which is assumed to act via the nervous system inducing generalized hypoplasia by impeding its trophic function. The whole process is manifested by an increasing lambda (t). Regeneration, is associated with the mobilization of reserves to withstand a noxious perturbation. The regeneration pattern is observed in patients surviving myocardial infarction, or recovering from surgical intervention. It is shared also by all survival curves of the 4th report on end results of cancer, and is assumed to reflect the beneficial role of neoplasia. While the hazard rate lambda (t) reflects mortality, its derivative lambda' (t) is viewed here as a measure of morbidity, so that cancer treatment effectiveness has to be assessed by its influence on both. A beneficial treatment ought to reduce them and vice versa. Most survival curves published in the modern cancer literature indicate an increasing morbidity accompanying treatment manifested by a positive hazard rate derivative (lambda' (t) greater than 0). PMID- 7219254 TI - Dynamic electrocardiography. III. The "imaginary cardiac vector" hypothesis: theoretical basis. AB - The "imaginary cardiac vector" hypothesis states that the "cardiac vector" is not a "real" vector entity. The hypothesis arises from the fact that voltage is not a vector but a scalar quantity. Nevertheless, in classical electrocardiographic analysis and teaching, the ECG voltage is treated as a vector. These voltages are used as "vector" components--first, to calculate a "resultant manifest potential difference", represented by the "cardiac vector" arrow in electrocardiography, and second, to draw the "cardiac vector" loop in vectorcardiography. The resultant "cardiac vector" is usually considered to be a "real" vector quantity describing the electrical activity of the heart. It is also widely believed that this "vector" was first described by Einthoven in 1913. To evaluate the hypothesis, we have utilised the actual values and methods presented by Einthoven, and demonstrated that the theoretical basis of the "cardiac vector" is false. It appears that Einthoven followed scalar and not vector procedures and that he did not describe a vector. PMID- 7219255 TI - Genetic screening for hypersusceptibles in industry. AB - The identification of individuals at increased risk to toxic substances in the workplace has developed into a major issue amongst OSHA, industrial management, and labor. What is needed is the development of a consistent philosophy which is designed to deal with the issues of genetic screening, job placement, and protection of high risk groups with appropriate federal exposure standards. Present evidence does not justify the use of programs designed to identify individuals with hereditary conditions (e.g., G-6-PD deficiency, sickle cell trait) for job denial and/or transfer. PMID- 7219256 TI - The classification of continuous replicator pathologies. AB - A framework for the classification of continuous replicator (CR) pathologies expressed by cell kinetic changes, is presented. Each CR (e.g. GI mucosa or epidermis) is characterized by an origin, a periphery and a trajectory (called tissue radius) along which cells are displaced. The state of a cell on the radius is defined by two coordinates. Its distance from tissue origin 'x' expressed in cell locations, and its cruising velocity v(x), proportional to the cell production among cells separating it from origin. S(x) = x integral of o v(t)dt, represents further the net cell production associated with cell displacement from origin up to location x. The cell is regarded as a point advancing in a rectlinear motion defined by two coordinates (x,S(x)), tracing an S(x) graph outlining the proliferation differentiation states of a CR system. The S(x) graph is treated as a geometrical figure and the comparison of different CR pathologies reduces to the formulation of congruence laws. Three CR pathological entities are outlined: 1) Hemolytic pathologies e.g. hemolytic anemia, psoriasis, celiac disease and cervical erosion. 2) Hyperplastic pathologies e.g. polycythemia, papilloma and adenomatous polyp and 3) Hypoplastic pathologies e.g. aplastic anemia, skin and endometrial atrophy. Each pathology is marked by a typical S(x) graph. PMID- 7219257 TI - Breast feeding and hospital practices. PMID- 7219258 TI - The prevalence of childhood malnutrition: its measurement, what it means and its uses. PMID- 7219259 TI - A comparison of morbidity patterns in Peninsular Malaysia 1959 and 1974. PMID- 7219260 TI - Patient health education--an experiment. PMID- 7219262 TI - Malay psychiatric patients and traditional healers (bomohs). PMID- 7219261 TI - A case report of acupuncture anaesthesia in amputation of the knee. PMID- 7219263 TI - Tolerance of daily single compared to space dose of merital. PMID- 7219264 TI - Diagnosis and management of brain death. PMID- 7219265 TI - Case observation on the common peroneal nerve injury. PMID- 7219267 TI - Pseudomyxoma peritonei--a case report. PMID- 7219266 TI - Psoriasis in hospital population. PMID- 7219268 TI - Ultrasound--a new imaging technique. PMID- 7219269 TI - Adrenoceptor study of guinea-pig superior mesenteric--portal vein. PMID- 7219271 TI - Anopheles donaldi: some recollections and speculations. PMID- 7219270 TI - First isolates of chloramphenicol resistant S. typhi in Malaysia. PMID- 7219272 TI - Acute gastroenteritis in Malaysian children: aetiological and therapeutic considerations. PMID- 7219273 TI - A preliminary survey of Aedes aegypti in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. PMID- 7219274 TI - An outbreak of rubella among Malaysian Air Force recruits, 1979. PMID- 7219275 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis--a case report. PMID- 7219277 TI - The AMA and community issues. PMID- 7219276 TI - Experiments with banana trunk juice as a neuromuscular blocker. PMID- 7219278 TI - Negligence or error of judgement? PMID- 7219279 TI - Development and allocation of health resources in Australia. Part 2. PMID- 7219280 TI - Dietary differences and disease. PMID- 7219281 TI - Haemoglobinopathies: a review. Part 1. PMID- 7219282 TI - Severe mycoplasma pneumonia in previously healthy children. AB - Mycoplasma pneumonia usually follows a benign course and the patient does not require hospitalization. The present report summarizes the feature of eight children admitted for a moderately severe pneumonia during an epidemic of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Victoria. All children were previously healthy. The usual presenting symptoms included cough, fever, lethargy, and weight loss. All children had moderately severe respiratory distress and physical signs in the chest consistent with extensive parenchymal involvement. Half of this group had radiological evidence of a small pleural effusion. Complement fixation titres for Mycoplasma pneumoniae in paired samples confirmed the diagnosis. Clinical and radiological resolution was complete after one to three months. It is suggested that severe mycoplasma pneumonia may be more common than previously appreciated. PMID- 7219284 TI - Envenomation by sea snake in Queensland. AB - A case of a near-fatal sea snake bite, believed to the the first such case in Australia, is presented. The two-year-old girl victim became unconscious and apnoeic soon after envenomation by an Astrotia stokesii, and required artificial ventilation for 22 hours. She regained consciousness 4 1/2 hours after the administration of antivenom. The recovery phase was marked by hallucinations and tonic spasms. The patient made a full recovery before discharge from hospital. PMID- 7219283 TI - Diphtheria immunization in adolescents and adults with reduced doses of adsorbed diphtheria toxoid. AB - A study was undertaken in Schick-positive university students and schoolchildren to determine the diphtheria antitoxin response to vaccines containing a reduced dose of adsorbed diphtheria toxoid. It was found that the majority of participants, apparently previously sensitized, responded with an increase in antitoxin titre to protective levels after performance of the Schick test, or after the first dose of vaccine. A group of non-immune students required three doses of vaccine to reach adequate antitoxin levels to ensure durable immunity. Only one local reaction was observed in the group of 51 students, and this was attributed to an Arthus-type reaction involving the tetanus toxoid component of a combined adsorbed diphtheria and tetanus vaccine. PMID- 7219286 TI - Burn injuries related to suicide. AB - Of 1060 admissions to the burns unit, Royal Brisbane Hospital, over a 12-year period, there were 30 cases (2.8%) of attempted suicide. Fourteen (47%) of these patients died. The psychosocial features of people using self-ignition as a method of suicide are consistent with those of suicide in general. The morbidity if high and the outcome is often fatal, especially for those using a flammable liquid. PMID- 7219285 TI - Use of a drug-screening service in an inner-city teaching hospital. AB - Experience in urinary drug screening at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, was evaluated over a period of 12 months after the introduction of a commercially available thin-layer chromatographic system which expanded the capabilities and improved the efficiency of the service. Specimens from 167 patients were screened when either drug overdose, or drug abuse, or poor compliance with prescribed medications was suspected. Screening was also undertaken to aid solution of diagnostic problems by excluding the possibility of drug ingestion. Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and tricyclic antidepressants represented the drug groups which were most frequently detected. Multiple drug use was common with the mode and median number of drugs taken being two. For 75% of the patients studied, relevant information about drug intake was either unreliable or not obtainable before drug screening. Retrospective examination of the case histories showed that drug screening assisted in arriving at diagnostic or management decisions for at least 66% of the patients. PMID- 7219287 TI - Acute central nervous system disorder mimicking stroke. PMID- 7219288 TI - Quinidine hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7219289 TI - Smallpox vaccination: risks are involved. PMID- 7219290 TI - Cardiac arrest and cimetidine. PMID- 7219292 TI - Treatment of mild hypertension: psychological risks. PMID- 7219291 TI - Herbicides and coronary ectasia. PMID- 7219293 TI - Caffeinism: subjective quantitative aspect of withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 7219294 TI - Vitamin A (carotene) and anorexia. PMID- 7219296 TI - The control of acute respiratory infections. PMID- 7219295 TI - Stroke disability--whose responsibility? PMID- 7219297 TI - A unified approach to the standardization of allergens. PMID- 7219298 TI - Talking with relatives about a kinsman's death in hospital. PMID- 7219300 TI - Our medical responsibility to the Third World. PMID- 7219299 TI - General practitioner as psychotherapist. AB - The importance of general practitioners attending to the emotional problems of their patients is demonstrated. Evidence has been presented concerning the feasibility and cost effectiveness of general practitioners developing the skills required to manage such disorders. A model for training general practitioners in counselling and interviewing skills, and in the more complex psychological therapies, is presented. It is argued that such an integrated approach would produce results superior to the present fragmented approach. PMID- 7219301 TI - Acute recovery from patterns in stroke patients: neuropsychological factors. AB - Acute functional recovery after a stroke was evaluated in 31 subjects over a three-month period. Assessments were made at four, eight and 12 weeks after insult in the areas of activities of daily living, mobility, functional movement and cognitive abilities. Maximum recovery was achieved by eight weeks, although a trend towards recovery was continued to 12 weeks. Significant recovery was noted in activities of daily living, gait and functional movement, but not in cognitive abilities. A hemispheric difference in recovery rate was looked for, but not found, although unilateral spatial neglect, which, in this study, was exclusively found in right hemisphere lesions, emerged as a factor associated with poor outcome. The present results need to be confirmed by long term follow-up studies. PMID- 7219303 TI - Treatment of patients with fractured neck of the femur in a combined unit. AB - Multiple pathology is characteristic of patients with fractured neck of femur. Orthopaedic surgeons and members of the extended care service should combine their efforts to lessen the disability which frequently follow this fracture. The results of follow-up of first 82 patients after discharge from a combined unit are reported. PMID- 7219302 TI - Faecal occult blood testing in patients with colonic symptoms. AB - Faecal occult blood testing with Hemoccult is becoming popular as a means of detecting colorectal carcinoma or adenoma. In determining its diagnostic place, such testing must be evaluated in patients with colonic symptoms as well as in asymptomatic populations. False negative test results may be determined either by full colonic investigation of screened patients or by their long-term follow-up. One hundred patients with colonic symptoms were screened with Hemoccult testing, sigmoidoscopy, and a barium-enema X-ray examination. Eight of 10 patients with proven colorectal carcinoma showed a positive Hemoccult test result, as did two of seven patients with proven colorectal adenomatous polyps. A negative Hemoccult test result in patients with colorectal symptoms does not exclude either colorectal carcinoma or adenoma; however, a positive result does usually indicate the presence of organic gastrointestinal disease. PMID- 7219304 TI - Mianserin: a possible cause of neutropenia and agranulocytosis. Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee. AB - Four episodes of neutropenia or agranulocytosis possibly caused by the tetracyclic antidepressant drug, mianserin hydrochloride, were reported to the Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee during the first year of the drug's general availability in Australia. A small number of reports from other countries support the possibility of this association. Further surveillance to assess this potentially serious adverse effect is needed. PMID- 7219305 TI - Appraisal of a new rapid enzyme strip. AB - The accuracy and reliability of new blood glucose measurement strips, BM Test Glycemie 20-800, were assessed in 99 consecutive patients attending the diabetic clinic and seven subjects at home. The BM Test-Glycemie 20-800 strip technique was compared with the automated hexokinase method and the Reflotest-Glucose test strip technique employing the Boehringer Reflomat. The mean of the blood glucose values was 12.6 +/- 0.6 mmol/L for the hexokinase method and 12.9 +/- 0.6 mmol/L for the 20-800 strip technique, with a mean difference between the hexokinase and the 20-800 strip methods of 1.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/L. In the range 4 mmol/L to 12 mmol/L, the 20-800 strips were found to be extremely accurate, but for blood glucose levels less than 3.5 mmol/L and greater than 12 mmol/L, they were less reliable. Importantly, the strips were often misleading in indicating hypoglycaemia. It is concluded that the BM Test-Glycemie 20-800 strips have a practical and valuable role when used by suitably instructed staff members, or by patients in the management of diabetes, and represent a major advance over urine testing on previously available direct reading enzyme strip methods. PMID- 7219306 TI - Loopholes for child pornography. PMID- 7219308 TI - Third World at the door: Australia's obligations. PMID- 7219307 TI - Excessive washing and melanoma. PMID- 7219309 TI - Sodium loss from de-epithelialized surfaces. PMID- 7219311 TI - Human life and abortion. PMID- 7219312 TI - Handles for Deaver retractors. PMID- 7219313 TI - Body blow to Anaesthesia Committee. PMID- 7219314 TI - Students in private hospitals. PMID- 7219315 TI - Whiplash: dynamic injury of the spine. PMID- 7219310 TI - Surgical manpower. PMID- 7219316 TI - Shave excisions for keratoses. PMID- 7219317 TI - Diabetic ketoacidosis and magnesium deficiency. PMID- 7219318 TI - Clinical observations and immunodiagnosis of angiostrongyliasis in North Taiwan. PMID- 7219319 TI - Hereditary adenosine deaminase deficiency detected by screening test. PMID- 7219320 TI - Intracranial neoplasm. A statistical study. PMID- 7219321 TI - A clinical study on the pathogenesis of brain damage caused by post-operative angiospasm following ruptured intracranial aneurysm. PMID- 7219323 TI - Epidemiologic studies of angiostrongyliasis in North Taiwan. PMID- 7219322 TI - Functional image of regional cerebral blood flow with gamma camera. PMID- 7219324 TI - [The right of the patient in relation to the physician]. PMID- 7219326 TI - [Homesickness as a disease factor]. PMID- 7219325 TI - [Carbon monoxide--an acute threat?]. PMID- 7219327 TI - [Cardiac pacemaker treatment in children]. PMID- 7219328 TI - [Tryptophan--a physiologic hypnotic?]. PMID- 7219329 TI - [Why are more juveniles committing suicide?]. PMID- 7219331 TI - [Alcohol poisoning in children]. PMID- 7219332 TI - [What role does secondary hyperaldosteronism play in decompensated liver cirrhosis?]. AB - In 29 untreated resting patients with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites plasma aldosterone levels were determined. The determinations were performed with a radioimmunoassay using highly specific antibodies without chromatography. Seven aldosterone values were decreased, 18 were normal and only four were increased. The median of the values was 107 pg/ml and differed not from that of healthy persons. In 20 other patients, in which application of diuretics had already been started, 14 plasma aldosterone levels were increased. The median was 332 pg/ml und thus far above the normal range. Secondary aldosteronism in connection with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver arises mainly under therapy with diuretics. PMID- 7219330 TI - [Suicidal patients in the physician's practice]. PMID- 7219333 TI - [The gout patient and his illness role]. AB - Within a psychosomatic research program of gout 41 patients suffering from this disease were explored with the psychoanalytic interview and examined with the Giessen-Test. The remarkable findings concerning the illness behavior depend on the narcissistic personality of the gouty patient. Besides the wellknown mutual relationship between heredity and nutrition within the aetio-pathogenesis of gout psychodynamic conditions must be considered as additional factors for clinical manifestation of hyperuricemia. PMID- 7219334 TI - [Quick and sure hemostasis of parenchymal hemorrhage with infrared light]. PMID- 7219335 TI - [Measurement of skin temperature in breast cancer--a new possibility of early diagnosis]. AB - The local skin temperature was measured by infrared thermometry in 100 women suffering from malign neoplasms of the breast. After thermal stimulation the reaction of the skin temperature was determined in a repeated measurement. The results were compared with standard temperature values obtained in 100 healthy women. Statistical evaluation of the data using discriminant analysis resulted in a score, which allowed to classify 90% of the women with mamma carcinomas and 92% of the controls correctly. The possible application of this passive diagnostic method to the early detection of malign tumors in the breast is discussed. PMID- 7219336 TI - [When work causes disease]. PMID- 7219337 TI - [Complications resulting from the insertion of contraceptive pessaries]. PMID- 7219338 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of osteoporosis]. PMID- 7219339 TI - [Do fixed combinations of digoxin and nitrates have a therapeutic advantage?]. AB - The results of this study with 102 patients, suffering from cardiac insufficiency and coronary heart disease are that a fixed combination of digoxin with nitrate compositions is not convenient. In 45 cases the digoxin dose had to be altered, partly even several times, whilst only in 23 patients an alteration of the dosage of the nitrate compositions had to be done, independently from the digoxin dose. PMID- 7219340 TI - [Ultrasonic tumor diagnosis of the stomach and intestines]. AB - A cockade-like structure, consisting of an echo-free periphery and bright central echos, is often a typical sonographic sign of a gut-wall infiltration in the gastrointestinal tract. On principle, no distinction based on contour or structure can be made sonographically between neoplastic and inflammatory tissue. The recognition of such a cockade-like structure is of importance in patients, in whom no gut-wall infiltration is suspected. Within a period of 12 months cockade like structures have been detected in the gastrointestinal tract of 20 patients. By extensive diagnostic methods (X-ray examination, endoscopy, laparotomy) a colon carcinoma could be detected in seven, a gastric carcinoma in seven, a pancreatic carcinoma, encroaching circularly upon the duodenum, in one, and a small intestine metastasis of an ovarian carcinoma in one instances. Three typical cockade-like structures in different parts of the intestinal tract are illustrated. PMID- 7219341 TI - [Treatment of hyperuricemia]. PMID- 7219342 TI - [Arterial occlusive disease: reducing blood viscosity through drugs]. PMID- 7219343 TI - [Eosinophilia in the sputum of a population exposed to dust and gas pollutants]. PMID- 7219344 TI - [Relation between mercury exposure and health conditions in a group of workers employed in a mercury distillation factory in Siena Province]. PMID- 7219346 TI - [Chronic effect on the respiratory function of flax dust exposure]. PMID- 7219345 TI - [Evaluation of the airborne dust levels in cotton mills by different methods]. PMID- 7219347 TI - [Noise problems in industries not protected by law]. PMID- 7219350 TI - [Questions about nutrition]. PMID- 7219349 TI - [Case of C4-C5 tetraplegia with complete functional recovery]. PMID- 7219348 TI - [Hemodynamic study of the pulmonary circulation in workers with asbestosis with a varying degree of radiologic evidence of pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 7219351 TI - [Drug effects and dosage problems in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7219352 TI - Drug problems through the eyes of the investigation division of H M Customs & Excise. PMID- 7219353 TI - Dean's lecture at Clinical School of Medicine Christchurch, New Zealand. PMID- 7219354 TI - Effects of drugs on thyroid function tests. PMID- 7219355 TI - Preventing spread of meningococcal disease. PMID- 7219356 TI - Pavabid HP. PMID- 7219357 TI - Transformation by rat-derived oncogenic retroviruses. PMID- 7219358 TI - [Prolonged diet therapy in a case of homocystinuria]. PMID- 7219360 TI - [Differential diagnostic problems in hernia in infancy. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7219359 TI - [Spontaneous bilateral chylothorax and persistent jaundice in 1 of 2 pre-term twins]. PMID- 7219361 TI - [Minor neurological pathology in the newborn infant. Symptomatologic aspects]. PMID- 7219362 TI - [Hydrocarbon poisoning. Case report and review of the literature]. PMID- 7219363 TI - [Partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 4: a new syndrome]. PMID- 7219365 TI - [DDAVP in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis in children]. PMID- 7219364 TI - [High values of serum bile acids associated with transitory neonatal jaundice]. PMID- 7219366 TI - [Aspirin and indomethacin therapy in 2 familial cases of Bartter's disease. Follow-up for growth and endocrine pattern]. PMID- 7219367 TI - [The rise in convulsive pathology in the 1st 2 years of life. Prognostic aspects]. PMID- 7219368 TI - [Ocular diagnosis in hereditary lysosomal diseases]. PMID- 7219369 TI - [Clinical and statistical notes on acute respiratory infections in children in the years of 1976-79]. PMID- 7219370 TI - [Innocent murmurs in children. Polycardiographic considerations]. PMID- 7219373 TI - [The neuropsychic development of hypothyroid patients]. PMID- 7219372 TI - [The significance of 2-thiol-propionamido-acetic acid in the treatment of cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 7219371 TI - [Neonatal withdrawal syndrome 2 cases of newborn infants of drug-addicted mothers]. PMID- 7219374 TI - [Clinical and chemico-toxicological considerations on newborn infants of drug addicted mothers]. PMID- 7219375 TI - [A case of pneumothorax frequently recurring as a complication of severe asthma: treatment by creation of pleural adherence]. PMID- 7219376 TI - [Rethore syndrome (9p trisomy) with unusual karyotype: 46,XX,-9, + der 9p, t(9;9)mat]. PMID- 7219377 TI - [Personal experience in the surgical treatment of anterior hypospadias]. PMID- 7219378 TI - [Renal ptosis: long-term results of nephropexy]. PMID- 7219379 TI - [Echotomographic findings in a case of medullary sponge kidney]. PMID- 7219380 TI - [2 cases of simultaneous bilateral renal cancer]. PMID- 7219381 TI - [Traumatic anuria in a solitary hydronephrotic kidney]. PMID- 7219384 TI - A Chinaman's chance. Impressions of China and Chinese medicine. PMID- 7219382 TI - [A case of retro-caval ureter]. PMID- 7219383 TI - [Sisomycin in the treatment of urinary tract infection: clinical and bacteriological evaluation]. PMID- 7219385 TI - Impotence--pathogenesis and evaluation. PMID- 7219386 TI - Minnesota Medical Association membership. PMID- 7219387 TI - Medical Grand Rounds. Infection with "atypical" Mycobacteria. PMID- 7219389 TI - Care of the dying/Hospice. PMID- 7219388 TI - Primary mediastinal embryonal carcinoma. PMID- 7219390 TI - Reiter's syndrome. PMID- 7219391 TI - Choriocarcinoma presenting as a complication of elective first trimester abortion. PMID- 7219392 TI - Elbow injuries. PMID- 7219393 TI - Minnesota Medical Association. Conversation with Dr. Robert W. Reif, State Representative. Interview by Dr. Richard Reece. PMID- 7219394 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma by ultrasound. PMID- 7219395 TI - Bilateral renal cortical necrosis--report of a case with recovery. PMID- 7219396 TI - Minoxidil--a potent new antihypertensive agent. PMID- 7219397 TI - Role of transfemoral lumbar epidural venography in the diagnosis of herniated lumbar discs. PMID- 7219398 TI - Newborn metabolic screening in Minnesota--I. Congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 7219399 TI - An evaluation of the alcoholism treatment program at St. Joseph's Hospital. PMID- 7219400 TI - An abortion perspective: legal considerations. PMID- 7219401 TI - Outpatient pain clinic--a long-term follow-up study. PMID- 7219402 TI - Patient reaction to psychiatric hospitalization. PMID- 7219405 TI - Immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. PMID- 7219404 TI - Control of massive duodenal ulcer hemorrhage. PMID- 7219403 TI - Ovarian cancer: current management. PMID- 7219406 TI - Tularemia, an analysis of 25 cases. PMID- 7219408 TI - Sick sinus syndrome: current views. Part II. PMID- 7219407 TI - Laboratory evaluation of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7219409 TI - Cellular electrophysiology of cardiac arrhythmias. Part I. Arrhythmias caused by abnormal impulse generation. PMID- 7219412 TI - Biochemical and immunochemical characterization of lymphokines: a symposium. PMID- 7219410 TI - Cellular electrophysiology of cardiac arrhythmias. Part II. Arrhythmias caused by abnormal impulse conduction. PMID- 7219413 TI - Lymphokines, monokines and cytokines: an increasingly valuable object for studies in molecular immunology. PMID- 7219414 TI - Measurement of bovine subclass antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2) using the amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 7219411 TI - Variation in microsomal subfractions obtained from normal animal tissues and transformed cells following cell disruption by nitrogen cavitation. AB - Microsomal membranes were obtained from MPC-11 cells, L-cells, Krebs II ascites cells and various normal animal tissues following cell disruption by nitrogen cavitation. Membrane preparations were applied to discontinuous sucrose gradients designed to separate three fractions--heavy rough (HR), light rough (LR) and smooth (S) microsomes. In each of the transformed cell lines all three fractions were found whilst in the normal tissues tested the HR fraction was absent. Of the normal tissues liver and pancreas were rich in both LR and S microsomes, the presence of large amounts of LR indicating a rich protein synthesizing activity on membrane-bound polysomes. Kidney also contained appreciable LR but much less than both liver and pancreas. Both heart and lung contained virtually only S microsomal material--a reflection of low protein synthetic activity on membrane bound polysomes. Attempts to promote the appearance of the HR fraction in liver, kidney and pancreas by incubation in tissue culture medium, or, in the case of pancreas, by cholecystokinin/pancreozymin/secretin stimulation both in vivo and in vitro were unsuccessful. PMID- 7219415 TI - The molecular biology of T cell receptors: a symposium. PMID- 7219416 TI - T cell lymphoma expressing immunoglobulin with DNP-binding activity--a possible model for T cell receptor. PMID- 7219417 TI - The Pancreas. PMID- 7219418 TI - Experience and the development of intelligence in young children at home and in day care. AB - This study examined the relationship between the antecedent everyday experiences of middle-class children in middle-class day-care centers and their intellectual development assessed by the Binet and tests of Spatial Abilities and Receptive Language at age 3. As in the previous study of children in home care, certain types of experiences were hypothesized in advance to be intellectually valuable in that they seemed to provide the clearest opportunities for the child to learn the skills required for successful test performance. The study demonstrated that these experiences were indeed uniquely intellectually valuable in that (apart from preparatory, planful activities) they comprised the only category of everyday experiences that predicted test scores. The research then compared the predictive power of various combinations of sources and topics of intellectual experiences. As expected from the home-care results, language-mastery experiences provided by caregivers when the child was 18--33 months old were clearly the most valuable type of intellectual experiences in predicting test scores at age 3. This subset of intellectual experiences stood out as the strongest predictor of IQ in day care. Performance on the Spatial Abilities and Receptive Language tests was also significantly predicted by language-mastery experiences but here, in contrast to IQ, other types of interactive experiences in which the child played a more prominent role vis-a-vis the caregiver and also experiences which focused on the acquisition of skills other than language were beneficial. The critical importance of intellectually stimulating interaction with caregivers was highlighted by the finding that, of the six combinations of sources and topics of intellectual experiences that proved predictive of test scores, four referred to experiences occurring in interactive situations in which the child are caregiver jointly created the intellectual experiences or in which the caregiver unilaterally structured the experiences for the child. By comparison, intellectual experiences that the child generated for himself in solitary play explained little of the variance in test performance. In sum, this study strongly suggested that, by reciprocally or unilaterally providing various forms of intellectual stimulation and especially experiences designed to foster the mastery of language, caregivers may play a essential, --at least insofar as the 3 year-old's intellectual competence is validly assessed by measures like IQ. Why teachers provided more of this stimulation to some children than others was not clear. Their differential treatment seems to have been guided in part by perceptions of individual intellectual development and especially language competence, but, as in the home-care study, their behavior also seems to have been affected by many other unmeasured factors. PMID- 7219419 TI - Hypospadias. PMID- 7219421 TI - Bladder exstrophy. PMID- 7219420 TI - Urethroplasty in hypospadias using a rotated skin flap. PMID- 7219422 TI - Diphallus and bladder exstrophy: a case report. PMID- 7219423 TI - Evaluation and management of the child with ambiguous genitalia. PMID- 7219424 TI - Surgical treatment of intersex. PMID- 7219425 TI - Clitoridectomy or plastic reduction of the clitoris in the adrenogenital syndrome. PMID- 7219426 TI - Reconstruction of the genitalia in the adreno-genital syndrome. PMID- 7219428 TI - Rare malformations of the male genitalia. PMID- 7219427 TI - Plastic surgery of the external female genitalia in childhood for the adrenogenital syndrome. PMID- 7219429 TI - Nitrosated urea pesticide metabolites and other nitrosamides. Activity in clastogenicity and SCE assays, and aberration kinetics in Chinese hamster V79-E cells. AB - The nitrosoureas 1-methyl-1-nitroso-3-phenylurea, 1-ethyl-1-nitroso-3-phenylurea, 1-methyl-1-nitroso-3-(p-fluorophenyl)urea, 1-methyl-1-nitroso-3-(p chlorophenyl)urea, and 1-methyl-1-nitroso-3-(p-bromophenyl)urea, as well as their non-nitrosated parent compounds, were checked for induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in V79-E cells without metabolic activation in vitro. For comparison, methylnitrosourea, ethylnitrosourea and nitrosocarbaryl were included in this study. Whereas the non-nitrosated agents were inactive, the nitroso derivatives were potent clastogens and inducers of SCEs. Clastogenicity parallels SCE induction, but the latter assay is about 10 times more sensitive (based on concentration of substance) than the clastogenicity assay. The dependence of aberration frequency on sampling time, which was studied for 5 nitroso compounds, revealed striking differences. As demonstrated by differential chromatid staining, the lag phase until maximal aberration rates may cover more than 2 cell cycles. Preventive oncological aspects of these nitrosamides and the mechanism of aberration kinetics are discussed. PMID- 7219430 TI - Busulphan-induced chromosomal aberrations in intestinal cells of Chinese hamster. AB - Chinese hamsters were given Busulphan, 25 and 50 mg/kg bw. After 18 h, chromosomes of the lining cells of the upper intestinal tract were prepared according to a newly developed method. The aberration rate was enhanced by a factor of about 25 after 25 mg/kg, but 50 mg/kg bw did not induce higher aberration rates. In the same animals the dose-dependent aberration rates were also determined in bone-marrow cells. Furthermore, the formation of SCEs in intestinal cells was observed. In a preliminary experiment, metaphase plates from intestinal cells of mice were prepared, too. PMID- 7219431 TI - Failure of ethanol to induce dominant lethal mutations in Wistar male rats. AB - 2 groups of Wistar male rats (6-7 weeks old) were given ethanol, 15% in drinking water, for 5 days. The level of ethanol was gradually raised to 20 and 30% resp. Both groups received ethanol between 15 and 20% or 15 and 30% continuously during 35 days. Another group was given 30% ethanol for a period of 4 days before mating started. In addition to a control group, which received no treatment, a positive control group of rats exposed to 200 R X-rays, was used. After the treatments, individual males were paired with virgin Wistar females (10-12 weeks) at weekly intervals, and 8 sequential pairings were undertaken. Females were examined for uterine contents and corpora lutea, 10-11 days after their separation from the males. The females mated with irradiated males showed a high incidence of dead implantations and reduction of live implantations. No significant differences in the number of dead, live and total implantations at pre- and/or post-implantation levels were observed among the control and the ethanolic groups, showing that ethanol did not induce any dominant lethal mutations in these Wistar male rats. In the light of studies on alcoholics and other recent data, a need to investigate, independently, the potential mutagenic effects of ethanol and alcoholic beverages is discussed. PMID- 7219433 TI - Cytogenetic effects in hepatocytes, bone-marrow cells and blood lymphocytes of rats exposed to ethanol in the drinking water. PMID- 7219432 TI - Relationship between DNA damage and survival in formaldehyde-treated mouse cells. AB - Mouse cells exposed to formaldehyde (FA) were examined for colony-forming ability and DNA synthesis as well as the induction of DNA damage. Cell survival was unaffected until the FA concentration exceeded 150 microM after which there was an exponential decay in survival. Formaldehyde-treated cells studied by the DNA alkaline-elution technique exhibited a low frequency of single-strand breaks but extensive DNA-protein crosslinking. These crosslinks were repaired following removal of the drug. The DNA damage was accompanied by inhibition of DNA synthesis. PMID- 7219434 TI - Induction of DNA single-strand breaks by T2 toxin, a trichothecene metabolite of fusarium: effect on lymphoid organs and liver. AB - T2 toxin, a trichothecene metabolite produced by Fusarium species, contaminates cereals harvested and stored under damp and cold conditions. These substances are responsible for Alimentary Toxic Aleukia (ATA), a severe human disease, and numerous animal intoxications. The action of T2 toxin on DNA was studied by using Parodi's alkaline elution technique coupled with a microfluorimetric determination of DNA. In vivo the effect of the toxin was studied on liver, spleen and thymus, and in vitro on a primary culture of rat hepatocytes and on splenic and thymic lymphocytes stimulated by PHA. Under our experimental conditions, in vivo and in vitro, no damage was observed for the hepatic DNA. By contrast, the DNA of lymphoid organs was severely damaged by the toxin. In vitro, T2 toxin induced severe damage to the DNA molecule with low concentrations (5 ng/ml culture) and for short exposure (2 h). In vivo, a moderate amount of DNA breaks was observed in splenic and thymic lymphocytes 3 h after administration of T2 toxin to mice (3 mg/kg). Reversibility occurred 24 h later under these conditions in vivo, indicating DNA repair. The results agree with the preferential cytotoxicity of T2 toxin for lymphoid cells. The relation between DNA damage, mutagenicity and carcinogenic properties of T2 toxin is discussed. PMID- 7219435 TI - Alterations in the reproductive performance of habrobracon females following combined treatments with ethylurea and sodium nitrate or nitrite. AB - Ethylurea (EU) and NaNO2 fed simultaneously to female braconid wasps caused several types of changes in reproductive performance. Early effects included a decrease in (a) the number of vitellogenic oocytes developing into eggs, and in (b) the hatchability of the eggs laid. After a period of no damage to transitional cells there was a late effect expressed as a pronounced reduction in the number of eggs produced from the oogonia, although the hatchability was good. Dissection of the ovarioles revealed gaps in the oogenetic sequence. Most of the specimens showed resorption of the small oocytes and some specimens contained distal masses of undifferentiated cells resembling a tumerous condition. Neither EU nor NaNO2 alone caused the damage obtained from feeding them in combination, and EU injected along with NaNO2 was ineffective. PMID- 7219436 TI - Dominant lethal mutations in Tilapia mossambica (Peters) elicited by myleran. AB - Tilapia mossambica (Peters) Teleostei, Cichlidae, is of commercial importance being farmed for human consumption. An effective means of sterilization would be of value since prolific breeding under farming conditions reduces growth rate. The possibility of using the antileukaemic drug myleran as a chemosterilant has been investigated previously, however the present study indicated that it can induce dominant lethal mutations in this species. PMID- 7219437 TI - Induction of chromosomal aberrations and 8-azaguanine-resistant mutations by aryldialkyltriazenes in cultured mammalian cells. AB - Inducibility of chromosomal aberrations, cell survival, and mutation to 8 azaguanine (8AG) resistance in cultured V79 cells by 1-phenyl-3,3 dimethyltriazene (PDMT), 1-phenyl-3,3-diethyltriazene (PDET), and 1-(pyridyl-3) 3,3-diethyltriazene (PyDET) were examined with or without metabolic activation. Chromosomal aberrations were induced in a dose-dependent manner by all 3 triazenes in a direct treatment for 24 h. Chromosomal aberrations were also induced by PDMT with metabolic activation system for 3 h, and little differences in the incidences were observed compared with those obtained by a direct treatment. All 3 triazenes were slightly mutagenic in a direct treatment for 24 h. In metabolic activation experiments, however, PDMT and PyDET were highly mutagenic. The mutagenicity, when compared with the cytotoxicity, was significantly higher in a metabolic activation system than in a direct treatment. PMID- 7219438 TI - The effects of rhodamine B on the chromosomes of Muntiacus muntjac. AB - Cytogenetic analysis of Muntiacus muntjac fibroblast cells exposed to the xanthene dye, Rhodamine B, revealed a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations. The M. muntjac fibroblasts were exposed to various concentrations of Rhodamine B and examined for increases in aberration frequencies. As the concentration of Rhodamine B was increased there was an increase in the percentage and types of aberrations observed up to 20 micrograms/ml concentrations. At the 20 micrograms/ml exposure levels, there was a decrease in the total aberration frequencies and an increase in the types of aberrations observed; these results may be related to toxicity at the higher concentration. These results suggest the need for further study of the effects of Rhodamine B in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7219439 TI - Effect of sodium azide on sister-chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes and Chinese hamster cells. AB - Previous reports from this laboratory and others indicate that sodium azide is a unique mutagen. It is highly mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA1530 as well as in barley, rice, peas, yeast and Chinese hamster V79 cells. However, azide apparently does not produce chromosome breaks in barley, Vicia or human lymphocytes. Therefore, a study of the effects of azide on sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) appeared warranted. Human whole blood and Chinese hamster K1 cell line were exposed for 4 and 2 h resp. to various concentrations of sodium azide ranging from 10(-3) to 10(-7) M. Cells were harvested and chromosomes stained by the FPG technique. In human lymphocytes, concentrations above 10(-4) induced lethality whereas the K1 cell line was sensitive to concentrations above 10(-5) M. The lower concentrations of azide produced no significant increase in SCE frequency above controls. Concurrent mitomycin C treatments produced significant increases in SCE levels. This apparent lack of induction of SCEs above background combined with previous data demonstrating negative clastogenic but very positive mutagenic activity of azide confirms the uniqueness of this mutagen. It would appear that azide is one of the few known potent mutagens that does not increase SCEs and/or break chromosomes. PMID- 7219441 TI - [Leukotactic activity of human and animal dermatophytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219440 TI - Multicellular in vivo sister-chromatid exchanges induced by urethane. AB - Following urethane inhalation exposure, clear dose--response relationships were apparent in all cell types examined in hepatectomized and intact mice. At concentrations of 0.1 mg/l and higher, induced SCE frequencies were linearly related to log urethane concentrations. No significant differences in SCE response between like cell types of hepatectomized and intact mice were apparent. In hepatectomized mice, there was no significant difference in the SCE response of regenerating liver and alveolar macrophage cells. However, bone-marrow response was significantly lower (p = 0.01). Likewise, in intact mice bone marrow response was significantly lower than in alveolar macrophages (p = 0.01). Inhalation and intravenous infusions of the same total dose of urethane (193 mg/kg) administered over a 4-h period produced comparable SCE responses in all cell types. However, a single intraperitoneal injection of 193 mg/kg just prior to BrdU infusion produced significantly higher SCE frequencies in bone marrow (alpha = 0.01), and alveolar macrophages (alpha = 0.05) of intact mice than did the equivalent inhalation dose. Intraperitoneal injections produced similar results in 2-month-old mice as in 4-month-old mice. However, regardless of the route of administration SCE frequencies in regenerating liver and/or alveolar macrophages were significantly higher than in bone marrow. PMID- 7219442 TI - Sensitivity of yeasts isolated from cases of vaginitis to aqueous extracts of garlic. PMID- 7219443 TI - A study of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala). AB - Procedures have been developed for the extraction and subsequent purification of the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (PEPCK) from Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala), a parasite of the rat small intestine. This is believed to be the first purification of PEPCK from an invertebrate animal. The enzyme, when purified to homogeneity as indicated by electrophoretic criteria, has a molecular weight of 73 700. Kinetic studies indicated that the enzyme had a pH optimum of 5.5 and required Mn2+ as the divalent cation. The apparent Km values determined for the substrates of the carboxylation reaction were low compared with the published values for purified PEPCK from vertebrate sources. Several competitive inhibitors were found and their Ki values determined. The possible regulation of PEPCK activity in M. dubius is discussed with reference to the observed kinetic parameters. PMID- 7219444 TI - Inhibitory effects of chloramphenicol isomers and other antibiotics on protein synthesis and respiration in procyclic Trypanosoma brucei brucei. AB - The effects of various antibiotics on protein synthesis systems in procyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma brucei brucei LUMP 1026 have been determined in an attempt to identify a mitochondrial translation system. The function of cytoplasmic ribosomes in T. b. brucei in vivo is sensitive to inhibition not only by cycloheximide but also by high concentrations of D-chloramphenicol, L chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline as a possible secondary consequence of a primary inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in vivo by these latter four compounds. In support of this conclusion, antimycin A inhibits mitochondrial respiration and, secondarily, cytoplasmic protein synthesis in vivo, suggesting that mitochondrial phosphorylation is necessary for cytoplasmic translation in T. b. brucei. Tetracycline inhibition of cytoplasmic protein synthesis in vivo may also be due to a direct effect on cytoplasmic ribosomes, since this drug inhibits ribosome function in vivo. Low concentrations of D chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline do not inhibit cycloheximide insensitive protein synthesis in vivo, implying the presence of permeability barriers to these drugs in T. b. brucei. Mitochondrial fractions isolated from T. b. brucei possess a ribosomal translation system, the function of which is insensitive to cycloheximide but sensitive to inhibition by low concentrations of D-chloramphenicol should only be used with caution in studies of mitochondrial biogenesis in T. b. brucei. PMID- 7219445 TI - Stopping medication in children with epilepsy: predictors of outcome. AB - Anticonvulsant therapy was discontinued in 68 children with epilepsy who had had no seizures for four years, in an attempt to find the risk of relapse and the factors predictive of recurrence. In this population the probability of remaining free of seizures for four years after discontinuation of medication was 69 per cent. Children were more likely to have recurrent seizures if they were mentally retarded, if their seizures had begun before two years of age, if they had had many generalized seizures before control, or if they had had a definitely abnormal electroencephalogram before medication was discontinued. Multivariate analysis showed that the best predictors of outcome were the electroencephalogram taken at cessation of medication and the number of seizures before control. We conclude that in the normal child who has not had many seizures and whose electroencephalogram is normal or mildly abnormal, the risks of discontinuing medication after four seizure-free years are acceptable. PMID- 7219446 TI - Women in medical education: a decade of change. AB - The 1970s was a decade of remarkable growth for women in academic medicine. The percentage of women entering medical school, the number of women on medical school faculties, and the number of women in senior administrative positions have all increased during the past 10 years. Although substantial modifications have occurred in admission practices and in the general responsiveness of academic medicine to women, it is difficult for women in medical academia to be optimistic, because the number of women at senior professorial ranks and in administrative positions has been slow to change. The challenge to academic medicine in the 1980s is to ensure that women have equal access to leadership positions. PMID- 7219447 TI - Measles-virus proteins in the brain tissue of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: absence of the M protein. PMID- 7219448 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 19-1981. PMID- 7219449 TI - Women in medicine: beyond prejudice. PMID- 7219450 TI - Sounding boards. The matching program. PMID- 7219451 TI - An analysis of the resident match. PMID- 7219452 TI - Diet, cholesterol, and heart disease. PMID- 7219453 TI - Childhood social environment and Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7219454 TI - Hemoptysis after flushing Swan-Ganz catheters in the wedge position. PMID- 7219456 TI - Case 51-1980: Mode of inheritance of congenital heart disease. PMID- 7219455 TI - Cysteamine therapy in nephropathic cystinosis. PMID- 7219457 TI - Fetoscopy and the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal mosaicism. PMID- 7219458 TI - Package inserts provide inadequate drug information. PMID- 7219459 TI - Lethal pulmonary reactions associated with the combined use of amphotericin B and leukocyte transfusions. AB - Amphotericin B is used increasingly in high-risk patients with profound neutropenia and suspected sepsis. We have observed serious pulmonary reactions characterized by acute dyspnea, hypoxemia, and interstitial infiltrates on chest films in patients receiving amphotericin B and leukocyte transfusions. We reviewed 6 1/2 years of experience at the National Institutes of Health to determine whether this combination was associated with pulmonary toxicity not characteristic of either therapy alone. Amphotericin was used during 22 of 57 leukocyte-transfusion courses. Acute respiratory deterioration occurred during 14 (64 per cent) of these courses but in only two (6 per cent) of 35 courses without amphotericin (P less than 0.01). In seven cases, respiratory deterioration began during or immediately after amphotericin infusion, and it contributed to death in five patients. Diffuse intraalveolar hemorrhage was found when lung biopsy or autopsy was performed. Acute respiratory deterioration was not observed in comparably neutropenic patients given amphotericin but not leukocyte transfusions during the same period. It was mot common when amphotericin was begun with or after institution of daily leukocyte transfusions. Leukocyte transfusions may cause changes in the lungs that amplify the acute toxicity of amphotericin, thereby permitting severe pulmonary reactions. PMID- 7219460 TI - Eisenmenger's syndrome in pregnancy: epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean section. PMID- 7219462 TI - Selenium: a case for its essentiality in man. PMID- 7219461 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 20-1981. PMID- 7219463 TI - What are circulating immune complexes doing in glomerulonephritis? PMID- 7219464 TI - Profit sharing between professors and the university? PMID- 7219466 TI - Steroid antiemesis may be harmful. PMID- 7219465 TI - Herpes simplex encephalitis. PMID- 7219468 TI - Hypernatremia from oral electrolyte solutions in infantile diarrhea. PMID- 7219467 TI - Hairy-cell leukemia treated with lithium. PMID- 7219470 TI - Competition in health care. PMID- 7219471 TI - Rising death rates in the Soviet Union: the impact of coronary heart disease. AB - Age-adjusted overall death rates in men and women in the Soviet Union began to rise in the mid-1960s; an 18 per cent increase occurred in the entire population from 1964 to 1975. The epidemic of coronary heart disease (CHD) appears to be the primary cause of this trend and has been particularly widespread among middle aged men. Prospective epidemiologic studies and autopsy reports confirm the high prevalence rates of atherosclerosis and its complications. The major risk factors for CHD occur frequently in the Soviet population. The epidemic nature of the modern chronic diseases is dramatically apparent in the secular trends in Soviet vital statistics. A similar pattern of life style as related to risk of CHD in the Soviet Union and in Western capitalist countries further suggests a similar social basis for this epidemic in both areas. PMID- 7219469 TI - S. bovis endocarditis on a prosthetic heart valve, with a colonic neoplasm. PMID- 7219472 TI - The role of M.D.-Ph.D. training in increasing the supply of physician-scientists. AB - Since 1968 the number of postdoctoral research fellows with M.D.s or other professional degrees has fallen from about 4100 to 1730 in training each year. By 1980, the number of M.D. postdoctoral fellows entering and completing research training was about 850 per year. During the past 12 years, the number of M.D. Ph.D. trainees has risen to about 650 in the federal Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) and about 500 in nonfederal programs. The attrition rate in non federal M.D.-Ph.D. programs has been shown to be 44 per cent, and that from the MSTP, 9 per cent. When the length of the training program, the attrition rate, and other factors are considered, present trainees will account for about 150 M.D.-Ph.D. graduates annually in the immediate future. Current training programs can meet only about half the estimated national need for physician researchers. The federal M.D.-Ph.D. program should be expanded to ensure that the country's future research and teaching needs will be met. PMID- 7219474 TI - A survey of cimetidine prescribing. PMID- 7219473 TI - Lack of release of platelet factor 4 during exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7219475 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 21-1981. PMID- 7219476 TI - Statistical approaches to clinical predictions. PMID- 7219477 TI - Sounding Boards. Competition and health care -- caveat emptor. PMID- 7219479 TI - Screening for phenylketonuria. PMID- 7219478 TI - Simultaneous arthrography and venography in synovial rupture of the knee. PMID- 7219480 TI - Lidocaine-propranolol interactions. PMID- 7219481 TI - Cell-surface markers in lymphoproliferative disease. PMID- 7219482 TI - Cardiomyopathy and selenium deficiency in a two-year-old girl. PMID- 7219484 TI - Incentives for technology-intensive medicine. PMID- 7219483 TI - Reversible hemiplegia after presumed intracarotid injection of Ritalin. PMID- 7219485 TI - Retaliatory actions in malpractice. PMID- 7219487 TI - Control of antibody-mediated pure red-cell aplasia by plasmapheresis. PMID- 7219486 TI - Reduction of mortality in rural Haiti through a primary-health-care program. AB - Deaths and their causes in a rural Haitian population of 8820 were studied through hospital records, death registration, a disease survey, and health surveillance. The results were used in selecting eight diseases for the delivery of health services by village-level health workers. The impact of the services was measured by monitoring annual age-specific and disease-specific mortality rates and by comparing them with officially estimated national mortality rates. Mortality rates fell progressively during five years, to levels only one fourth as high as the national estimates. The fall in mortality was associated principally with services that prevented deaths due to tetanus, malnutrition, diarrhea, and tuberculosis. The total program of hospital and village health services saved 495 years of potential life per thousand population per year. Most of the saving was attributable to preventive services. The program eventually served more than 115,000 persons, and it has been replicated by other agencies for an additional 135,000 Haitians. PMID- 7219489 TI - Antibody-induced red cell aplasia. PMID- 7219488 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 22-1981. PMID- 7219490 TI - Normalization of low-density lipoproteins in familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7219491 TI - Decreased bone density in hyperprolactinemic women. PMID- 7219492 TI - Rising incidence of leprosy in the United States. PMID- 7219493 TI - Photosensitivity in erythropoietic protoporphyria and porphyria cutanea tarda. PMID- 7219494 TI - Positional supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7219495 TI - The effect of specific gravity and eating on gastric emptying of slow-release capsules. PMID- 7219496 TI - Body odor from topical benzoyl peroxide. PMID- 7219497 TI - Gray airways in ochronosis. PMID- 7219498 TI - More on dolomite. PMID- 7219499 TI - Post-mortem diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita by exhumation and radiological examination. PMID- 7219500 TI - Sports urology: the vicious cycle. PMID- 7219501 TI - Slot-machine tendinitis. PMID- 7219502 TI - Space Invaders' wrist. PMID- 7219504 TI - Practice plans in teaching hospitals. PMID- 7219505 TI - Dismissing medical students. PMID- 7219503 TI - Potential problems with Intraflow arterial lines. PMID- 7219506 TI - A clarion for dissection. PMID- 7219507 TI - Doctors in the kitchen. Experiments with cooking bivalve mollusks. PMID- 7219508 TI - Frequency and significance of fungal isolations from conjunctival sac and their role in ocular infections. AB - Five hundred conjunctival swabs, from 150 males and 100 females with no history of ocular infections, were collected and cultured for the isolations of fungi. Eighty (16%) of the total specimens yielded positive fungal isolations. The isolation rate was more from the males than the females subjects. Mycelial fungi were predominant than the yeast organisms. Aspergillus species were the commonest isolates with A. flavus taking the lead in the isolations being positive 16 of the total 24 Aspergillus species isolated. A variable rate of fungal isolations was observed in different months of the year. The percentage of the isolations increases after the local use of Efcorlin-N. Nineteen of the 20 eyes studied did not yield the same fungal species in the repeated samples. PMID- 7219509 TI - Oxalosis associated with an aspergillus niger fungus ball. Report of a case. AB - During a seventeen day period an A. niger fungus ball evolved within a healed tuberculous cavity of a patient. Symptoms were a cough with a chocolate brown expectoration and dyspnea. The patient died and necropsy was performed. Crystals of calcium oxalate were deposited in the cavity lining and in the adjacent tissue of the lung. Fibrosis, mononuclear infiltration and intraalveolar purulent exudate were seen in these tissues. Some small vessels presented recent thrombosis and deposition of calcium oxalate. The bronchus connected with the cavity presented a disrupted epithelial layer, edema, polymorphonuclear infiltration and birefringent crystals. Scattered areas of tubular atrophy, glomerular sclerosis and lymphoid infiltration were seen in the cortex of the kidney. Oxalate crystals were also seen within the renal tubuli. PMID- 7219510 TI - First case of human protothecosis in Canada: laboratory aspects. AB - A case of bursitis due to Prototheca wickerhamii is briefly reported. In histological sections the organism stained well with fungal stains, grey with silver methanamine and red with periodic acid Schiff reagent. This unicellular achlorophyllous alga was studied on common laboratory media. The characterization of the Prototheca sp. depends largely on wet mount microscopic examination from broth or agar cultures which ensures the observation of endosporulation and a consistent absence of budding. Otherwise the growth rate and the pasty white colonies may lead to an erroneous identification, most likely as a Cryptococcus sp. P. wickerhamii lends itself very well to standard physiological tests used for the identification of yeasts. The strain was found insensitive to 5 fluorocytosine. The MIC of amphotericin B was 0.15 microgram/ml. PMID- 7219511 TI - Trichophyton mentagrophytes skin infections in laboratory animals as a cause of zoonosis. AB - Recent sporadic distribution in Japan of Trichophyton mentagrophytes skin infections among laboratory rats or guinea pigs is reported. Six cases of laboratory infection by the fungus in humans who came in direct contact with the affected animals are also presented. Mating experiments with the causative fungi isolated from the animal and human skin lesions revealed that all but one sexually reactive strains belonged to the "+" mating type of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii. A retrospective epidemiologic study ascertained that most of the affected rats were those derived from the same breeding colony of a certain experimental animal producing-co-operation in Saitama prefecture, where it had been produced by conventional methods of specific pathogen-free parental colony maintained in a barrier system. These two pieces of evidence suggest a possible transmission of the etiologic agent from some healthy carrier or infected hair droppings in the environment to the breeding colony, during its breeding, or maintenance by the producer. PMID- 7219512 TI - Dermatophytosis of tiger caused by Microsporum canis. AB - Microsporum canis was isolated from the inflammatory skin lesions of a Bengal tiger in April, 1979. In clinical findings rounded area of alopecia, 3 to 8 cm in size was observed on the right haunch and the tail. The skin lesions were covered with thin scales, but the inflammatory changes were not severe. Findings, on physical examination, were unremarkable and the animal appeared healthy except for the skin lesions. The infected hairs were invaded by the fungal elements and arthroconidia were around the hair shaft. Cuticles and cortex of the infected hairs were brittle. They were evidently digested and were easily pulled out from the hair follicles. In mycological findings numerous and typical macroconidia were observed. By cross mating of a isolate from tiger and Nannizzia otae(-) strains, cleistothecia were produced. Both organic iodide and undecylenic acid ointment were effective for therapy. In this paper the dermatophytosis of tiger caused by M. canis is described. PMID- 7219513 TI - Experimental intoxication of guinea pigs with multiple doses of the mycotoxin, penitrem A. AB - Young female guinea pigs were fed various doses of penitrem A very 3 days for 3 weeks. Guinea pigs fed penitrem A had muscle tremors, seizures, and ataxia, and total weight gains were less than those of control guinea pigs. Histologic examination of multiple tissues and electron microscopic examination of liver and kidney revealed no differences between guinea pigs fed penitrem A and controls. Sera harvested at necropsy from guinea pigs fed penitrem A and control guinea pigs did not differ significantly in mean values of two liver enzymes (ornithine carbamoyltransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase), complement, total protein, and differential proteins (albumin; alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, and gamma globulins). Results of this study indicate that penitrem A causes only central nervous system dysfunction; evidence of cytotoxicity for extraneural tissues was not found. PMID- 7219515 TI - Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala moniliae. AB - The first documented case of phaeohyphomycosis in man caused by Exophiala moniliae is reported from South Australia. Study of herbarium specimens, living cultures, and other materials has revealed that E. moniliae was previously unknown in Australia. PMID- 7219514 TI - Fungal infections of the nails in Western Australia. AB - Between 1963 and 1972, 986 fungi were isolated from the nails of patients in Western Australia. Three clinical types of infections in both finger and toe nails were studied. All 3 types occurred more commonly in adults over the age of 20. Multiple infections were relatively frequent. Two hundred and fourteen of the nail infections were caused by dermatophyte fungi. Trichophyton rubrum was the predominant aetiologic agent isolated from both finger and toe nails, T. mentagrophytes and other dermatophytes were involved to a lesser degree. Paronychia of the finger nails was common and mainly caused by C. albicans. Aspergillus species were the most frequent fungi grown from superficial white onychomycosis. PMID- 7219516 TI - Recurrent rhinosporidiosis in man-case reports. AB - Three cases of rhinosporidiosis with high rate of recurrence are presented. Recurrences in the cases reported here were: 49, 21 and 23 times respectively. These are much higher than that described in the literature so far. The clinico - epidemiological aspects of the cases are discussed. PMID- 7219517 TI - Selenocystine-resistant mutants of Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - Cysteine metabolism has been thought to be important to the phenomenon of dimorphism in Histoplasma capsulatum. We sought mutants with genetic blocks in the metabolism of cysteine by selection of colonies resistant to the toxic analogue, selenocystine. The 22 resistant strains thus obtained were all deficient in uptake of cystine from the surrounding medium but were normally able to convert from mycelium to yeast and back again. Furthermore, they had normal quantities of NADH-dependent cystine reductase when this enzyme was measured. We conclude that mutants defective in cystine uptake can be readily obtained by selection of colonies resistant to selenocystine, and that a lesion in cystine uptake does not appear to affect the phenomenon of dimorphism in this organism. PMID- 7219518 TI - [Heavy metal content of cereals and potatoes]. AB - By means of atomic absorption spectrometry, the authors determined the cadmium, zinc, copper and manganese contents in potatoes and cereals from three territories differently burdened by heavy-metal immissions (rural region, overcrowded urban region, region with non-ferrous metal industry). Of these elements, cadmium was most enriched, followed (by a wide margin) by zinc and copper, whereas the manganese level was slightly higher in the burdened region II (compared to the burdened region I) and somewhat lower in the burdened region III. Compared to normal values (0.035--0.080 p.p.m.), i. e., values found in non burdened regions, the cadmium contents were some 2- to 6-fold higher in air-dry samples of wheat, barley and rye from the burdened regions, some 30-fold higher in oats, and some 3- to 4-fold higher in potatoes (normal values, on a dry-weight basis, (0.140 p.p.m.). As to cereals, the zinc levels were, at the most, some 2 fold higher than the normal values (29--34 p.p.m.), the copper contents were, at the most, some 1.5-fold higher than the normal values (4.1 bis 4.8 p.p.m.), whereas the manganese levels (normal values, 14--30 p.p.m.) were less by half. In potatoes, the zinc contents were but slightly higher than the normal values (18.5 p.p.m., on a dry-weight basis), the copper levels (4.6 p.p.m., on a dry-weight basis) were some 2-fold higher, and the manganese contents (7.2 p.p.m., on a dry weight basis) were somewhat reduced. On an average 26% (region with non-ferrous metal industry) or 13% (normal region) of the heavy metals are removable from potatoes by washing. On the basis of the results obtained and of data from the literature, an estimate is calculated for the expected values in territories differently burdened by heavy-metal immissions. Finally, targeted suggestions are given for preventing or impeding the entrance of heavy metals into the biocycle. PMID- 7219519 TI - [Psychophysics of sweet taste. I. Goals and methods of investigation]. AB - With a view to the solution of problems concerned with the consumer's acceptance of foods in which saccharose had been substituted, a discussion is opened on psychologic and physiologic aspects of the measurability of sensory stimulus sensation relations. The classic method for measuring taste is the determination of the taste discrimination threshold which is also termed least discernible difference. In the lat years, the discrimination threshold has been determined and calculated mainly as the mean concentration (stimulus) difference resulting from the distribution of the tasters according to their efficiency (probit analysis). In contrast, the new method, which is described in detail, is based on the dependence of the probability of a perception of difference upon the intensity which is linear and represents the initial course of a stimulus response curve. Differences in efficiency in the group of tasters, which is assumed to be homogeneous, are included in the variance of difference frequencies found. The control of the course of the test by sequential analysis and the binomial weighting of the probabilities obtained allow to perform calculations of the discrimination threshold which are largely free from systematic errors; this discrimination threshold is defined as the concentration difference that engenders the arbitrarily defined alternative probability of Pa = 0.75. To minimize the risk of overrating the measurement result, it is suggested to calculate in addition, on the basis of the binomial distribution, the confidence limits of the discrimination threshold. Furthermore, the constant stimulus method for determining the perception of two stimulus intensities of different sweetening agents is adapted, as to performance and calculation, to the new aspects in discrimination threshold determination. PMID- 7219520 TI - [Physiological importance of microvilli-bound leucinarylamidase in the final digestion of proteins. 4. Inhibition of microvilli-bound leucinarylamidase by free amino acids]. AB - The microvilli-bound leucine arylamidase is inhibited by certain amino acids. An inhibitory action is exerted by the branched-chain amino acids L-leucine and L isoleucine and by the aromatic amino acids L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine with Ki values of 4--6 . 10(-3) M. L-methionine (Ki = 2.5 . 10(-3) M) and its higher homologue L-ethionine (Ki = 1.1 . 10(-3) M) are the most potent inhibitors. Derivatization of L-methionine on the sulphur or the nitrogen atom or the carboxyl group prevents the inhibitory effect just as the D-isomer. PMID- 7219521 TI - Cancer causation. PMID- 7219523 TI - Plasmids and bacterial pathogens. PMID- 7219522 TI - A new model for phototransduction. PMID- 7219524 TI - DNA methylation and control of gene expression. PMID- 7219525 TI - Growth hormone stimulates adrenal steroidogenesis in the fetus. AB - The 'surge' of corticosteroid in fetal plasma during late gestation has been implicated in the initiation of parturition and the maturation of enzyme systems in organs such as the lung, liver, adrenal medulla and thyroid. But in all species studied, the mechanism responsible for increased secretion in the fetus remains unclear. The hormone adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) is well established as the primary regulator of adrenocortical cellular growth and secretory function during fetal and adult life. However, no increase in fetal plasma ACTH has been observed before the corticosteroid surge in sheep or humans, although differential responsiveness of the fetal adrenal cortex to ACTH at various gestational ages and a possible role of extra-adrenal inhibitory factors have been proposed. The possible steroidogenic effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha MSH) on fetal adrenocortical function is controversial, and we could not demonstrate any such action in fetal lamb or rabbit. Prolactin and growth hormone (GH) potentiate the steroidogenic effect of ACTH in adult rats but prolactin had no such effect in fetal lamb. We have investigated the steroidogenic properties of GH, and report here that it stimulates adrenal steroidogenesis in the fetal but not maternal rabbit in vitro and in fetal but not maternal sheep in vitro as well as in vivo. PMID- 7219526 TI - The respiratory burst of phagocytic cells is associated with a rise in vacuolar pH. AB - Neutrophil leukocytes are the body's major defence against bacteria, which they phagocytose and kill. It has been found that phagocytosis and killing are accompanied by a dramatic rise in non-mitochondrial respiration; and that the efficiency of killing is impaired in the absence of oxygen. It is also impaired in neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), where the respiratory burst is absent. This has been difficult to reconcile with their normal content of granule proteins that kill bacteria in vitro. Indeed, CGD cells are essentially normal both morphologically and constitutionally except that they lack a functional very low potential cytochrome b (b-245), which is a component of the oxidase system responsible for the respiratory burst of normal cells. Activation of the oxidase is associated with the generation of various reduced oxygen species which have been widely thought to be responsible for the killing of phagocytosed microorganisms either directly, or by acting as substrates for myeloperoxidase-mediated halogenation. We report here, however, that a major consequence of the defective function of this oxidase in neutrophils and monocytes from CGD patients is an absence of the normal initial rise, and an unusually rapid and extensive fall in pH which is itself associated with the impairment of the killing and digestion of intracellular staphylococci. PMID- 7219529 TI - 'Lipidic particles' are intermembrane attachment sites. PMID- 7219527 TI - Deficiency in cells expressing terminal transferase in autoimmune (motheaten) mice. AB - The extensive breakdown of immune homeostasis in the motheaten mouse (me/me) has been ascribed to a single gene defect on chromosome 6 (ref. 1). These mice develop skin lesions within the first week of life, do not thrive, and die within the first 3--8 weeks. There is severe hypergammaglobulinaemia with multiple species of circulating autoantibody and deposition of immune complexes in the thymus, skin, lungs and kidneys. A single gene defect producing such catastrophic results may provide an important model for understanding autoimmune phenomena. We report here a virtual absence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive (TdT+) cells in the bone marrow, thymus and spleen of motheaten mice. TdT is a DNA polymerase which has the unique capacity to polymerize nucleotides in the absence of template direction. Although no in vivo biological function of this enzyme has been established, its unique appearance in the bone marrow and thymus of adult mammals and its in vitro biochemical activity have led to a proposed role for TdT in the somatic diversification of lymphocytes. Bone marrow TdT+ cells have been shown to belong to both T and B cell populations and may also include precursor cells common to these lineages. Although the role of TdT in the acquisition of appropriate T- and B-cell specificities is not known, our results are the first to correlate the virtual absence of TdT+ cells with a severe autoimmune syndrome. We investigated the level of TdT+ cells in neonatal me/me mice and their normal littermates and the susceptibility of TdT+ cells to circulating autoantibody in motheaten mouse serum. PMID- 7219528 TI - Choline biosynthesis by a preparation enriched in synaptosomes from rat brain. AB - It is widely held that brain cells are unable to synthesize choline de novo, and that the only source of this compound for brain acetylcholine or membrane biosynthesis is the choline or choline-containing phospholipids taken up from the circulation. This notion has been difficult to reconcile with observations that there is a net efflux of choline from the brain. Recently we and others have demonstrated that various preparations of mammalian brain contain enzymes, the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PeMT), which catalyse the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor for the stepwise methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The highest specific activity of PeMT was present in synaptosomal preparation. We now report that rat brain synaptosomal preparations can also metabolize the PC generated by PeMT to liberate free choline. PMID- 7219530 TI - DMSO and immunity. PMID- 7219531 TI - Who, not Congress, should police fraud? PMID- 7219532 TI - Dutch get tough. PMID- 7219533 TI - Small is beautiful--portrait of a mitochondrial genome. PMID- 7219534 TI - Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. AB - The complete sequence of the 16,569-base pair human mitochondrial genome is presented. The genes for the 12S and 16S rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, II and III, ATPase subunit 6, cytochrome b and eight other predicted protein coding genes have been located. The sequence shows extreme economy in that the genes have none or only a few noncoding bases between them, and in many cases the termination codons are not coded in the DNA but are created post transcriptionally by polyadenylation of the mRNAs. PMID- 7219535 TI - Distinctive features of the 5'-terminal sequences of the human mitochondrial mRNAs. AB - The 5'-end proximal sequences of all the putative mRNAs coded for by the heavy strand of HeLa cell mitochondrial DNA have been determined and aligned with the DNA sequence. All these mRNAs start directly at, or very near to, an AUG or AUA triplet, with the exception of one which starts at an AUU. The available evidence indicates that the terminal or subterminal AUGs and AUAs, and possibly also the terminal AUU, are initiator codons for the corresponding polypeptides. In most cases, the individual mRNA coding sequences are flanked on their 5' side by a tRNA gene, without any intervening nucleotide. PMID- 7219536 TI - tRNA punctuation model of RNA processing in human mitochondria. AB - A 3'-end proximal segment of most of the putative mRNAs encoded in the heavy strand of HeLa cell mtDNA has been partially sequences and aligned with the DNA sequence. In all cases, the 3'-end nucleotide of the individual mRNA coding sequences has been found to be immediately contiguous to a tRNA gene or another mRNA coding sequence. These and previous results indicate that the heavy (H) strand sequences coding for the rRNA, poly(A)-containing RNA and tRNA species form a continuum extending over almost the entire length of this strand. We propose that the H strand is transcribed into a single polycistronic RNA molecule, which is processed later into mature species by precise endonucleolytic cleavages which occur, in most cases, immediately before and after a tRNA sequence. PMID- 7219537 TI - Fibrinolysis with acyl-enzymes: a new approach to thrombolytic therapy. AB - Deep vein thrombosis in man presents a considerable clinical challenge. Despite the availability of prophylactic measures, therapeutic thrombolysis is often necessary, but is difficult and hazardous. Treatments have included the administration of plasmin, other less specific proteolytic enzymes, the indirect plasminogen activator, streptokinase, and the direct activators, urokinase and streptokinase-human plasmin complex. All these treatments have been associated with some haemostatic breakdown, which has discouraged their widespread application. The enzyme components of the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways can, in general, be classed as serine proteases, with a catalytic mechanism which operates via acyl-enzyme intermediates. Chase and Shaw showed that p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate could specifically acylate the active centre of trypsin-like enzymes, giving rise to a stable p-guanidinobenzoyl enzyme and other stable acyl enzymes have since been described. We report here the fibrinolytic use of acylated derivatives of plasmin (E.C.3.4.21.7) and streptokinase-plasmin(ogen) complexes. PMID- 7219538 TI - Supposed lamarckian inheritance of immunological tolerance. AB - The notion that an adaptation acquired during an organism's lifetime can somehow be imprinted on the genome and so become heritable has been faulted by every critical test to which it has hitherto been exposed, but many naturalists have lost their faith in what seems to them to be the all-encompassing explanatory glibness of neo-darwinism. Although this criticism is unfair it is entirely proper that neo-darwinism should be under constant critical scrutiny. Interest was therefore aroused by the claim of Gorczynski and Steele that tolerance of A strain antigens induced in CBA mice by injecting into them (CBA x A/J)F1 spleen and bone marrow cells could be transmitted down the male line. Such a claim is of particular interest because spermatozoa, unlike oocytes, are produced throughout life and might thus conceivably have participated in the mechanism envisaged by Steele as that responsible for the supposed transfer of genetic information from soma to germ plasm. It was claimed that as many as 60% of the progeny of tolerant fathers mated with normal CBA females were unresponsive or hyporesponsive in an in vitro assay in which their spleen cells were tested for reactivity against A/J strain histocompatibility antigens in the cell-mediated lympholysis assay (CML). We describe here our failure to confirm these findings and our inability to extend them by testing the progeny for their reactivity against skin allografts from the tolerance-conferring strain. PMID- 7219539 TI - A non-disruptive technique for loading calcium buffers and indicators into cells. AB - Present methods for measuring or buffering intracellular free calcium concentrations are almost entirely limited to robust and well anchored cells which can tolerate insertion of ion-selective microelectrodes or microinjection of calcium indicators or buffers into one cell at a time. A very few types of small cells can be loaded with buffers or indicators during controlled lysis, but such procedures grossly perturb membrane integrity and soluble cytoplasmic constituents. Liposome fusion releases only trace quantities of the trapped solute into the cytoplasm and incorporates foreign lipid into the target cell membranes. I now describe a simple technique which loads Ca2+-selective chelators into the cytoplasm of intact cells in suspension and avoids the disadvantages of previous methods. The chelators are made temporarily membrane permeable by masking their four carboxylates with special esterifying groups which then hydrolyse inside the cells, regenerating and trapping the original chelators. The method is demonstrated on red cells, mast cells and lymphocytes. PMID- 7219541 TI - Antibody-mediated enhancement of rabies virus. PMID- 7219540 TI - Cystic fibrosis: diagnostic hopes. PMID- 7219542 TI - Production and processing of prolactin. PMID- 7219544 TI - Localization of pacemaking activity in early embryonic heart monitored using voltage-sensitive dye. AB - Early in cardiogenesis, heart primordia are brought together at the midline and fuse with each other progressively caudally-- this results in the formation of the primitive tubular heart which begins beating spontaneously at the middle period of the 9-somite developmental stage in the chick embryo. However, in these very early stages of development, the myocardial cells are small and technically difficult to impale with microelectrodes; thus electrophysiological studies on the very early embryonic heart are rare. Recently, potential sensitive dye related absorption signals have provided a new method for monitoring spontaneous action potential activity in the early embryonic heart. This technique is based on the observation that changes in potential across membrane(s) stained with certain voltage-sensitive dyes are accompanied by changes in their optical properties (absorption, fluorescence, and/or birefringence). Using absorption signals, we have already demonstrated in embryonic pre-beating chick heart in the 7-8-somite stages, the occurrence of action potential activity, development of pacemaker potential and cardiac rhythm generation. With this method, originally introduced to record neuronal activity in invertebrate ganglia, many cells or portions of the preparation can be monitored simultaneously. Accordingly we have expanded the optical recording apparatus to monitor simultaneously spontaneous action potentials from five portions of an early embryonic heart, and report here experiments carried out on the embryonic hearts of chicks (white Leghorn) at the 7-11-somite developmental stages, corresponding to 25-35 h of incubation. The hearts attached to the embryo were stained with a merocyanine-rhodamine dye (NK2761) as a potentiometric probe. This dye is analogue of Dye XVII or Dye XXIII. PMID- 7219545 TI - Direct communication between axons and sheath glial cells in crayfish. AB - Evidence for the transfer of molecules as large as proteins from glial or Schwann cells to axons has frequently been reported. This phenomenon is well supported in crayfish and squid but there is some doubt about its existence in vertebrates. In invertebrates most of the data support the transfer from glial cells to axons, but little is known about movement of molecules in the opposite direction. However, Grossfeld et al. recently reported data on the passage of a fluorescent dye (Lucifer yellow CH, molecular weight (MW) 476) from a crayfish median giant axon to all glial cells of the adaxonal layer. Little is known of the mechanism by which molecules are exchanged between axons and glial cells, but the bidirectionality of the phenomenon in crayfish axons suggests that channels or pores for direct intercellular communication may exist. In most cells, direct communication is provided by gap junctions but these structures have never been seen between axons and glial cells of crayfish. Indeed, regions of plasma membrane specialization have been reported, but they are structurally different from gap junctions. I describe here pore structures, observed between 51 axons and glial cells of six crayfish spinal cords, which may represent the means of communication between these cells. PMID- 7219543 TI - A cyanine dye distinguishes between cycling and non-cycling fibroblasts. AB - Cellular proliferative activity has previously been determined by measuring the incorporation of radiolabelled nucleotides or by visual inspection of cellular morphology. Although two flow cytometric methods have recently been developed which can distinguish cycling from non-cycling cells, both have serious disadvantages. One method requires uptake of a substantial amount of BUdR, limiting its usefulness for in vitro systems. The other method utilizes RNA/DNA content differences but its successful application has proved cell-type dependent. We have now used the findings that the cell membrane is more highly polarized in resting than in proliferating cells and that cyanine dyes carrying a delocalized positive charge enter live cells to an extent that depends on the cell membrane potential, to develop a method of distinguishing between cycling and non-cycling cells. The greater the membrane polarization, the greater is the concentration of dye within the cell. At high concentrations, the dye molecules aggregate and their fluorescence is quenched. Thus, for a given external dye concentration, cells of different membrane potential would accumulate different amounts of fluorescent (non-aggregated) dye. Using fibroblasts in culture conditions chosen to provide various models of cycling and non-cycling cells, we found that fluorescence intensity with the dye, 3,3'-diheptyloxycarbocyanine (Di O-C,(3)) was consistently greater in the former than the latter. PMID- 7219546 TI - alpha-Lactalbumin is not a marker of human hormone-dependent breast cancer. AB - It has been proposed that milk protein gene expression in human breast carcinomas may indicate a functional oestrogen receptor mechanism, and may therefore be diagnostic of tumours responsive to endocrine therapy. Unfortunately this has not been proved, largely because of inconsistencies in the immunoassay procedures used to identify milk proteins, in particular alpha-lactalbumin, in tissue extracts or serum. Alternative procedures include the identification of milk protein mRNA by cell-free protein synthesis, and the identification of milk protein RNA transcripts by hybridization to a sequence-specific probe. Here we describe experiments using alpha-lactalbumin cDNA probes, purified using recombinant plasmids, which demonstrate that although polyadenylated and non polyadenylated alpha-lactalbumin transcripts are present in normal human mammary tissue during pregnancy and lactation, alpha-lactalbumin transcripts are not detectable in the human tumour tissues studied. These experiments do however show that a peptide, which shares antigenic determinants with human alpha-lactalbumin is present in some breast tumour tissues. PMID- 7219547 TI - Enhanced frequency of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of male compared with female muntjacs after X-ray irradiation in vitro. AB - Recently, there has been considerable interest in the study of radiation-induced dicentrics and other chromosome aberrations in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated blood lymphocytes of various mammals, including man, with the aim of establishing a proper biological dosimetry for the assessment of genetic radiation hazards in human. These studies have revealed that the radiosensitivity of lymphocytes differs between species and even between individuals of the same species, but the cause(s) of these variations still remains unclear. The life shortening response to whole-body X-ray irradiation is influenced by both age and sex of the individuals, but although age has been shown to have effects on chromosome aberration yields, in vitro, the influence of sex on the sensitivity of lymphocyte chromosomes to radiation-induced damage has not been reported. It is generally thought that sex does not influence the aberration yield within the limitation of measurements used in such studies. However, we report here a study of X-ray induced chromosome aberration in lymphocytes of Indian muntjac, in which the yield of dicentrics was found to be consistently greater in male than in female lymphocytes. PMID- 7219548 TI - Altered ribosomal RNA genes in mitochondria from mammalian cells with chloramphenicol resistance. AB - Chloramphenicol resistance in mammalian cells is cytoplasmically inherited. In yeast, a similar phenotype is caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and sequencing of carefully constructed strains has identified nucleotide monosubstitutions in the 3' region of the large (21S) rRNA gene which correlate with the antibiotic resistance. We have sequenced the corresponding section of mammalian mtDNA from chloramphenicol-resistant cell lines for comparison with the wild-type sequence. Differences between the sequences occur at positions similar to those altered in the yeast mutants, in a highly conserved region of the large (16S) rRNA gene. PMID- 7219549 TI - Postgraduate medical schools in danger. PMID- 7219550 TI - Genes of lymphocytes I: diverse means to antibody diversity. PMID- 7219551 TI - Strategies of viral oncogenesis. PMID- 7219552 TI - Interacting genes in nematode dauer larva formation. AB - The dauer larva of Caenorhabditis elegans is a developmentally arrested stage induced by starvation or overcrowding. Mutant genes controlling the ability to form dauer larvae interact in a way which allows them to be ordered in a pathway. Mutant phenotypes suggest that the pathway corresponds to neural processing of environmental stimuli. PMID- 7219553 TI - Specific acyclic isoprenoids as biological markers of methanogenic bacteria in marine sediments. AB - The widespread occurrence of extended hopanoids in sediments and petroleums illustrates the importance of bacterial lipid contributions to geological materials. In archaebacteria, however, hopanoids are absent; their role as structural components of biomembranes is fulfilled by acyclic isoprenoids. Recent studies of the lipid constituents of archaebacteria have greatly extended the range of acyclic isoprenoid skeletons known in organisms (Fig. 1). In particularly, isoprenoids with head-to-head linkages have been identified, and such compounds (for example, 3,7,11,15,18,22,26,30-octamethyldotriacontane, I) have been recognized in petroleum and as degradation products of Messel shale kerogen. Here we report the first recognition of 2,6,10,15,19-pentamethyleicosane (II), a known component of methanogens, in marine sediments of Recent to Cretaceous age (Table 1) and suggest that it and certain other acyclic isoprenoids may be used as biological markers for methanogens. PMID- 7219554 TI - Rhodopsin-like photosensitivity of isolated chicken pineal gland. AB - The pineal gland of lower vertebrates such as fish, amphibians and reptiles is primarily a photoreceptor organ and its electrical activity changes in response to environmental lighting, whereas the mammalian pineal gland is a secretory organ and no longer responds to direct illumination. It is uncertain whether the avian pineal gland retains a photoreceptive capability, and also whether the gland is a photosensor involved in the photo-periodic control of reproductive systems and circadian rhythms in birds. Recently, I and other workers have shown that the circadian rhythm of serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity persisted in organ cultures of chicken pineals, indicating the presence of an endogenous circadian oscillator in the gland. Also, the observation that direct illumination of cultured chicken pineals suppressed the night-time increase of N-acetyl transferase activity suggests that the gland contains a photoreceptor. I report here that the action spectrum of the photosensitivity of the isolated chicken pineal resembles the absorption spectrum of rhodopsin. PMID- 7219555 TI - Functionally significant central-pair rotation in a primitive eukaryotic flagellum. AB - There is now considerable evidence that the basis for ciliary and flagellar movement is an active sliding between peripheral doublet microtubules which, when resisted by structures within the axoneme, leads to axonemal bend formation. In contrast, relatively little is known about the control mechanisms which coordinate the interdoublet sliding and axonemal binding to produce the effective motion observed in various cilia and flagella. One component of the axoneme which may be involved in this control is the central pair of microtubules. To learn more about the action of the central pair, we have studied the tiny uniflagellate marine alga, Micromonas pusilla. The central tubules of the M. pusilla flagellum extend for several micrometres beyond the termination of the peripheral doublets, thus permitting direct observation of the central pair during flagellar movement. Our findings, reported here, indicate that in living M. pusilla the central pair of microtubules undergoes continuous rotation in one direction. This rotation provides the motive force for the cell. PMID- 7219557 TI - Short-lived cytoplasmic regulators of gene expression in cell cybrids. AB - Somatic cell hybridization is a valuable tool for investigation the control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Studies of hybrid cells, heterokaryons, reconstructed cells and cybrids (cytoplasmic hybrids) have suggested that cytoplasmic factors may be involved in this regulatory process. Unfortunately, studies of this kind usually require that hybrid or modified cells be maintained for some time in a selective environment during which chromosomal losses or other changes may modify the genetic functions of the cells and thus vitiate conclusions about the mechanism of gene regulation. We report here the preparation of cybrids between enucleated mouse fibroblasts (Cl-1-D) and differentiated rat hepatoma cells (Fao) and the use of a combination of histological techniques to identify these modified cells early after fusion without the use of selective media. We found that albumin production in most cybrids was suppressed (extinguished) at 12-20 h after fusion but was restored by 48 h. These results suggest that there is a cytoplasmic factor in the fibroblast which exerts negative control over expression of the albumin gene, but which in the absence of the fibroblast nucleus, is not renewed and therefore short-lived. PMID- 7219558 TI - Herpes on trial. PMID- 7219556 TI - Two phospholipase pools for prostaglandin synthesis in macrophages. AB - Macrophages in culture produce prostaglandins in response to a variety of phagocytic and non-phagocytic stimuli. As prostaglandins are not stored in cells, and mammalian cells contain very little free arachidonic acid, synthesis and release of prostaglandins depends on the release of the precursor, arachidonic acid, from cell lipids. Many agents that stimulate cell prostaglandin production act by releasing arachidonic acid, presumably by activating phospholipase A2 (refs 10, 11) or phospholipase C (refs 12, 13), depending on the cell system used. We have shown previously that rabbit alveolar macrophages secrete arachidonic acid as well as prostaglandins in response to phagocytic stimuli. This secretion depends not on particle attachment, but rather on interiorization of the particles. Furthermore, the time course of prostaglandin and arachidonic acid secretion does not parallel that of particle engulfment per se, but of the release of lysosomal enzymes, indicating that the release of arachidonate and prostaglandin is associated with the latter. We now describe experiments which suggest that these are two independent pools of phospholipases in macrophages, one in the lysosomes and one elsewhere. PMID- 7219559 TI - Secrecy at Coalite. PMID- 7219560 TI - Two DNA-binding proteins. PMID- 7219561 TI - Laminin and epithelial cell attachment. PMID- 7219562 TI - Scale of body pattern adjusts to available cell number in amphibian embryos. AB - In many embryos, the removal of cells whose descendants would normally have formed entire parts of the body pattern is followed by apparently normal morphogenesis, which implies an ordered readjustment of the activities of the remaining cells before their potentialities become restricted. Special cell lineages cannot underly the generation and regulation of pattern in such embryos. It is proposed instead that there must be some regulatory communication system in the developing embryo that normally ensures an appropriate spatial pattern of differentiation but which is also able to adjust to the removal, addition or transposition of material at a sufficiently early stage. Precise models for such a mechanism have recently been suggested, and have been tested experimentally. I have performed surgical manipulations at pre-gastrula embryonic stages in two distinctly related amphibian types, Xenopus and Ambystoma, and report here an assessment of the regulation achieved in terms of pattern proportions. The results are problematical for most current theories of pattern control. PMID- 7219563 TI - Sequential functions of the bithorax complex of Drosophila. AB - The bithorax genes are a group of homoeotic genes of Drosophila whose function is related to the control of segment development. They form a gene complex in which at least seven different loci have been identified. Mutations at each of these loci produce a specific homoeotic transformation whereby a segment is transformed either in part or completely into another. In embryos completely deficient for the bithorax genes, all the thoracic and abdominal segments resemble mesothoracic segments. This observation, together with the segmental specificity of the mutant phenotypes, led Lewis to suggest a model of genetic control in which the type of development in each segment is specified by the activation of a fraction of the total number of bithorax genes. Thus, lack of activity of the bithorax genes results in mesothoracic development, activation of the bithorax (bx+) and postbithorax (pbx+) genes produces metathorax (anterior and posterior respectively), and activation of these two genes with bithoraxoid (bxd+) produces the first abdominal segment and so on. Although this model explains the genetic and developmental data, it leaves unexplained formation of the prothoracic segment. We now describe two unexpected results: deficiencies for bithorax genes can lead to segments being transformed into prothorax, and there is a temporal sequence in the function of the bithorax system. PMID- 7219564 TI - Isolation of a biologically active macrophage receptor for the third component of complement. AB - C3b, the major cleavage fragment of the third component of complement (C3), has been demonstrated to bind to a specific receptor on various mammalian cells. Tissue-bound C3b receptors have also been demonstrated, most conclusively in renal glomeruli. On interaction with C3b, C3b receptors are thought to initiate cellular functions such as phagocytosis and to determine the fate of complement fixing soluble and particulate immune complexes. We report here the isolation by affinity chromatography of a macrophage glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight (MW) of approximately 64,000 that has properties expected of the C3b receptor. It is a cell-surface macromolecule (labelled with 125I and lactoperoxidase) which, in its isolated state, retains the ability to bind both C3 and C3b. PMID- 7219565 TI - Alafosfalin, a new synthetic antibacterial compound. PMID- 7219566 TI - The renal toxicity of some halogenated derivatives of propane in the rat. PMID- 7219567 TI - Deutsche Pharmakologische Gesellschaft. Abstracts of the 22nd spring meeting. March 10-13, 1981, Mainz. PMID- 7219568 TI - Effects of intracerebroventricular injection of clonidine on metabolic, respiratory, vasomotor and temperature responses in the rabbit. AB - 1. The thermoregulatory outputs (including metabolic, respiratory and vasomotor activities) produced by an injection of clonidine or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) into the third cerebral ventricle of conscious rabbits were assessed at three different ambient temperatures (Ta) of 2, 22 and 32 degrees C. 2. When injected into the third cerebral ventricle, both clonidine and 5-HT produced a dose dependent hypothermia in rabbits at both 2 and 22 degrees C Ta. The hypothermia was due to a decrease in metabolic heat production (M) at 2 degrees C Ta, while at 22 degrees C Ta the hypothermia was due to cutaneous vasodilatation. There were no changes in respiratory evaporative heat loss. 3. Furthermore, the clonidine-induced hypothermia was greatly reduced by pretreatment of the animals with either 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (impairment of central 5-HT pathways) or yohimbine (alpha-adrenergic blocking agent), but not by 6-hydroxydopamine (impairment of central catecholamine pathways). 4. The results indicate that clonidine may act on the alpha-adrenergic receptors located on central 5-HT pathways to produce a hypothermic action by promoting a decrease in heat production or an increase in heat loss in the rabbit. PMID- 7219570 TI - A simple in vivo method for evaluating drug action at central and peripheral synapses. AB - A simple in vivo method for studying spinal reflexes and neuromuscular transmission in anaesthetized mice is described. The technique utilizes electromyographic recording from muscles of both hind limbs following stimulation of the sciatic nerve in one limb. Drug effects on the neuromuscular junction, on monosynaptic reflex transmission and on crossed polysynaptic reflexes can be assessed. In addition a method for distinguishing between drugs which affect neuromuscular transmission and those which affect nerve conduction is described using their different effects on reexcitation of motoneurons. Details of data collection and analysis using a laboratory microcomputer are presented. The effects of a variety of representative compounds which have been shown to affect central and peripheral neurotransmission in other systems have been evaluated. The actions of these drugs in this system are compared with those obtained using spinal animals and more sophisticated recording techniques. The results compare favourably with those obtained using more complex methods and the technique offers a simple and inexpensive way of evaluating drug action at these synapses. PMID- 7219569 TI - Differential electrophysiological and behavioral responses to optically active derivatives of phencyclidine. AB - Dextro- and levorotatory isomers of 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-3-methylpiperidine (PCMP) were synthesized. Both isomers inhibited spontaneous cerebellar Purkinje neuron firing when applied locally by pressure ejection. This effect was dose dependent, with the (+)-isomer about 5--7 times more potent than the (-)-isomer. Both isomers also depressed rotarod performance in mice. Again, the (+)-isomer was about 5 times more potent than the (-)-isomer. Both rotarod performance and Purkinje cells discharge were depressed maximally 10--15 min after i.p. injection of drug. Our results suggest a correlation between behavioral performance and central neuron electrophysiological activity and suggest that the central actions of PCP or its derivatives are probably mediated at one locus, by a stereospecific mechanism. PMID- 7219571 TI - Yohimbine diastereoisomers: cardiovascular effects after central and peripheral application in the rat. AB - The cardiovascular effects of four yohimbine diastereoisomers, yohimbine, rauwolscine, corynanthine, and 3-epi-alpha-yohimbine, were compared in urethane anaesthetized and conscious, normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats. Intravenous cumulative infusions (10--500 microgram) of the drugs to anaesthetized rats decreased blood pressure and blunted the pressor response to intravenous adrenaline injections. Corynanthine was the most potent isomer in this regard, followed by yohimbine, rauwolscine, and 3-epi-alpha-yohimbine. Depressor responses following intravenous bolus doses (40 microgram) showed a similar ranking. Intraventricular injections of yohimbine to anaesthetized rats decreased blood pressure dose-dependently, as did injections of corynanthine and rauwolscine. Responses indicated the ranking to be yohimbine greater or equal to rauwolscine greater than corynanthine for this effect at the 40 microgram dose. Heart rate was also decreased by these isomers, but not in a dose-dependent fashion. In conscious rats, the intraventricular injection of these isomers (20 microgram) increased blood pressure and heart rate. No differences were noted in terms of blood pressure responses; but, in causing tachycardia, the ranking was rauwolscine greater than yohimbine greater than corynanthine. These data suggest that after intraventricular application in anaesthetized rats, the effects of these alpha-adrenoceptor blockers are related to their individual affinity for the alpha 2 adrenoceptor. PMID- 7219573 TI - Differential effects of organic slow inward current inhibitors, verapamil and nifedipine, on rate of atrioventricular rhythm and supraventricular tachycardia in the canine isolated, blood-perfused AV node preparation. PMID- 7219572 TI - Determination of plasma catecholamines by means of radioenzymatic labelling and high pressure liquid chromatographic separation. AB - 0.05 ml plasma samples are incubated with 3H-S-adenosylmethionine and catechol-O methyl-transferase. The resulting methodoxy derivatives are extracted, the extracts separated by high pressure liquid chromatography and the metanephrine fractions collected. Evaluation is performed by liquid scintillation counting of radioactivity in the respective fractions. The following performance criteria are presented: precision, accuracy, detectability (40 pg/ml for adrenaline and noradrenaline, 130 pg/ml for dopamine), linearity and day-by-day variation. Comparison with a standard method shows an excellent correlation for adrenaline and noradrenaline. PMID- 7219574 TI - Kinetic analyses of the mechanisms of action of inhibitors of the extraneuronal uptake of adrenaline in smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig trachea. AB - 1. Tracheal segments from guinea-pigs pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine were incubated with adrenaline (50--300 microM) at 37 degrees C for 5 min in the absence or presence of an extraneuronal uptake inhibitor (normetanephrine, corticosterone or phenoxybenzamine). Catechol-O-methyl transferase and monoamine oxidase were inhibited by 100 microM U-0521 and pargyline, respectively. Tissues were prepared for fluorescence histochemistry, and accumulated adrenaline in trachealis smooth muscle cells was measured by fluorescence microphotometry. Initial rates of adrenaline uptake were calculated. 2. In the absence of an extraneuronal uptake inhibitor, adrenaline uptake obeyed Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics. The mean Km value for adrenaline from a total of 25 guinea pigs was 157 microM. 3. The mechanisms of action of three extraneuronal uptake inhibitors were determined by analysis of initial rate kinetic data for adrenaline uptake. The results showed that normetanephrine and corticosterone were reversible, competitive inhibitors and phenoxybenzamine was an irreversible inhibitor of extraneuronal uptake in the smooth muscle cells. 4. Two methods of analysis were used to obtain estimates of the affinities of the reversible inhibitors for extraneuronal uptake. The Ki values calculated by Marquardt non linear least squares regression analysis and Hunter-Downs method, respectively, were normetanephrine: 2.75 microM and 3.47 microM, and corticosterone: 1.52 microM and 1.44 microM. 5. Normetanephrine and corticosterone had higher affinities than adrenaline for extraneuronal uptake in the trachealis smooth muscle cells. PMID- 7219576 TI - Inhibition of anti-inflammatory drugs of prostaglandin production in cultured macrophages. AB - 1. A sensitive, simple, reproducible, and economical assay for structure-activity investigations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is lacking. This has prompted us to investigate the advantages and limitations of defining for that purpose the potency of NSAID's as inhibitors of tumour promoter-induced prostaglandin (PG) release from mouse peritoneal macrophages in culture. 2. These cells release mainly PGE2 and PGI2 (measured as its stable hydrolysis product 6 keto-PGF1 alpha) upon stimulation with the tumour promoter 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). 3. The PG release was dose-dependently inhibited by a variety of NSAID's. Their inhibitory potency was dependent on the culture conditions employed. The widely used acidic NSAID's were more potent when assayed under serum free culture conditions at low pH. 4. Dose response curves for acidic NSAID tested under serum free conditions allowed for the definition of IC50 values being reproducible within their 95% confidence limits. 5. The IC50 values obtained for different standard acidic NSAID's varied within 4 orders of magnitude. They corresponded favourably to their clinical potency and their potency in a variety of standard tests for anti-inflammatory drugs. 6. IC50 values of five congeners of indomethacin differed up to 2 orders of magnitude in agreement with in vivo observations indicating the applicability of this assay for structure-activity investigations. PMID- 7219575 TI - Evidence for an inherent, ATP-stimulated uptake of calcium into chromaffin granules. PMID- 7219577 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis in drug users]. PMID- 7219578 TI - [A patient with congenital anemia]. PMID- 7219579 TI - [Request for sterilization reversal]. PMID- 7219580 TI - [Prevalence of dermatoses of the hands and forearms in a non-urban population group]. PMID- 7219582 TI - [Beta-receptor blocking agents and glaucoma; timolol in eye drops]. PMID- 7219584 TI - [The young suicidal adolescent; an unequivocal call for help]. PMID- 7219583 TI - [Life-threatening status asthmaticus following use of timolol-containing eye drops (Timoptol)]. PMID- 7219581 TI - [Brucellosis as an import disease from Africa]. PMID- 7219585 TI - [The reactive hyperemia test; a simple method for testing peripheral arterial circulation during effort]. PMID- 7219586 TI - [Annual 1979 survey of diagnostic and epidemiologic virus studies in the Netherlands]. PMID- 7219588 TI - [A Dutch family with hereditary pancreatitis]. PMID- 7219587 TI - [Noise-induced deafness and vestibular dysfunction]. PMID- 7219589 TI - [Parametritis caused by an IUD]. PMID- 7219590 TI - [Effects of teaching on self-examination of the breast]. PMID- 7219591 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 7219592 TI - [The surgical treatment of acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 7219593 TI - [Burns as a result of attempted suicide]. PMID- 7219595 TI - [Dystrophy of the nails in children]. PMID- 7219594 TI - [Asthma in children and their rehabilitation: a follow-up study]. PMID- 7219596 TI - [New vaccines against hepatitis B]. PMID- 7219599 TI - The carpal tunnel syndrome in neurologic practice. PMID- 7219597 TI - University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation. PMID- 7219598 TI - Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center. PMID- 7219600 TI - Plans for rural practice of medical students and residents at the University of Nebraska College of Medicine. PMID- 7219601 TI - [Distribution of horseradish peroxidase-labeled neurons, sources of descending fiber systems, in subcortical brain structures and the hypothalamus of cats]. AB - Location of neurons which initiate different descending fibre systems from amygdaloid nuclei, basal ganglia and hypothalamus to brain stem was studied using the method of horse-radish peroxidase retrograde axonal transport. It was shown that neurons from magnocellular part of the basal amygdaloid nucleus and medial part of central amygdaloid nucleus send their axons to the dorsal hypothalamus, substantia nigra, lateral area of the mesencephalic central grey and midbrain reticular formation at the level of inferior olives. The central amygdaloid nucleus is the main source of projections to the hypothalamus and brain stem structures. It also sends projections to the nucleus of solitary tract and to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Uncrossed descending fibre systems from the basal ganglia terminate at the pons level, while the uncrossed and crossed fibre systems from dorsolateral and ventromedial areas of hypothalamus descend into the spinal cord. A possible role of the amygdaloid nuclei, basal ganglia, hypothalamus and their different pathways in regulation of somatic and autonomic functions and complex behavioural and emotional responses is discussed. PMID- 7219602 TI - [Associative connections of the parietal cortex in cats]. AB - Cortico-cortical connections of sensory (visual, auditory and somatosensory) areas of cortex with parietal associative cortex were investigated in cat by means of retrograde axonal transport of horse-radish peroxidase and Fink-Haimer technique. The shape, size and localization of cells which make monosynaptic connections between the primary sensory areas and parietal cortex and the distribution of fiber terminals of such cells in the associative parietal cortex were determined. Maximum number of cells connected with field 7 of the parietal associative cortex was found in field V1 of the visual cortex, and with field 5 in field S1 of the somatosensory cortex. Besides HRP-positive pyramidal neurons, mainly localized in layers II-IV, labelled stellate and spindle-shaped cells were found in a small amount. The connections of parietal associative cortex are discussed on the basis of the data obtained. PMID- 7219604 TI - [Changes in segmental reflexes upon stimulation of the locus coeruleus of the brain stem and potentiation of catecholamine action]. AB - Rhythmic stimulation of locus coeruleus was accompanied by a depressed inhibitory action of flexor reflex afferents and recurrent inhibition on extensor motoneurons in anaesthetized and decerebellized cats. Such stimulation had no essential effect on the direct inhibition of extensor and flexor motoneurons, on the excitatory action of flexor reflex afferents and recurrent inhibition on the flexor motoneurons. The injection of pyrogallol caused similar effect but it was greatly diminished by cold blockage or transsection of the spinal cord. The experiments with partial cuts of the spinal cord to consider the effects as a result of activation of coerulo-spinal pathway which descend in the ventral quadrant of the spinal cord. PMID- 7219603 TI - [Effect of local cortical exclusion on evoked potentials in the reticular formation occurring in response to somatosensory stimulation]. AB - The evoked potentials in different nuclei of the reticular formation were studied in unanesthetized immobilized rats. Evoked potentials in response to electrical stimulation of the forepaw were registered under normal conditions and during cooling of the somatosensory cortex (S1) in the representation area of one the forepaws. It was found that evoked potentials in the reticular formation change according to the degree of depression of the cortex primary response to the same stimulus during cooling. The peak time of the main negative wave increased from 409-50 ms to 60-80 ms with simultaneous decrease of its amplitude up to complete depression during deep cooling of the cortex. The wave with peak latency 14 ms in the ventral reticular nucleus changed in some manner, but less. Parallel registered evoked potentials in response to the stimulation of another paw were preserved in the same points of the reticular formation without changes or they decreased in their value with preservation of their parameters. Thus, during cooling of the cortex there is a selective change in the reticular formation of that signal, the representation area of which in the cortex is depressed. Obviously, the normal development of both late and early components of reticular evoked potentials to the somatic stimuli requires the inflow of an additional corticofugal signal, formed by transformation of the same signal in the corresponding area of the somatosensory cortex. PMID- 7219605 TI - [Central program for activation of hindlimb muscles during scratching in cats]. AB - Electrical activity in nerves of different hindlimb muscles was investigated during fictitious scratching in decerebrated and decapitated cats. Phases of motor discharges could be distinguished corresponding to the phases of real scratching: aiming (flexion in the thigh and ankle joints and extension in the knee joint) and scratching (opposite movements in the same joints). According to the pattern of the discharges the hindlimb muscles were divided into three groups. In the nerves to the muscles of the 1st group the activity was observed during "initial aiming" period and during rhythmic "aiming phases". It was reciprocal to the activity in the nerves to the muscles of the 2nd group appearing during "scratching phases". In the nerves to the muscles of the 3d group the activity was observed both in "initial aiming" period and in rhythmic "aiming and scratching phases". Passive forward deflexion of the limb intensified the "scratching phases" and decreased the intensity of the discharges during "initial aiming" and "aiming phases". Physiological significance of such an organization of central program and structure of spinal scratching generator are discussed. PMID- 7219606 TI - [Activity of interneurons of the lumbosacral division of the spinal cord during fictive scratching]. AB - Impulse activity of lumbosacral interneurons was recorded extracellularly during fictitious scratching in decerebrated immobilized cats. Most neurons whose activity was modulated during fictitious scratching were revealed in the lateral intermediate zone and in the lateral ventral horn. These neurons were divided into some groups differing in the type of activity modulation during fictitious scratching. Neurons whose activity did not change during fictitious scratching were mainly located dorsally in the gray matter. Cells showing wide convergence of excitatory influences from high threshold cutaneous and muscle afferents referred mainly to "aiming" neurons. In contrast to "aiming" neurons, most cells with inputs from only low threshold cutaneous or high threshold muscle afferents belonged to "scratching" neurons. The neuronal activity in different groups is shown to depend on the limb position. The neuronal organization of the spinal scratching generator is discussed on the basis of the obtained data. PMID- 7219607 TI - [Responses of the gyrus cinguli to stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus in cats]. PMID- 7219608 TI - [Effect of theophylline on electrical activity of the bursting type in an identified edible snail neuron]. AB - Effect of the theophylline was studied on the electrical activity of the Helix pomatia bursting neuron RPal. It is found that 1 mM/l theophylline induces an increase of the membrane potential wave amplitude, the duration of the burst of the action potentials, its frequency, number and interburst period. 2.5 and 5 mM theophylline leads to inhibition of the bursting activity. The possible role of the cyclase system of the neuron in regulation of the electrical activity is discussed. PMID- 7219609 TI - [Behaviour therapy of anxiety (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219610 TI - [Transsexualism: a long-term follow-up after sex reassignment surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219611 TI - [The epidemiology of neurosyphilis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219612 TI - [Traumatic twilight states (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219614 TI - [Catatonic hyperthermia. A contribution to the classification of central hyperthermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219613 TI - [Results of combined modality treatment of malignant gliomas. Comparison of postoperative irradiation, chemotherapy, and combined radio-polychemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219615 TI - [Patients' complaints and electro-nystagmographic changes following lumbar puncture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219616 TI - [Essential fatty acids in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients during multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219617 TI - [Incidence and clinical significance of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219618 TI - [Lithium prophylaxis and renal function. Conclusions and guidelines for treatment control (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219619 TI - [Improved therapeutic response to L-dopa in Parkinson's disease, when combined with bromocriptine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219620 TI - [Prognostic value of the cerebral perfusion pressure in cerebral monitoring (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219621 TI - [Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy with neurogenic muscular atrophy. Syndrome or accidental coincidence? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219622 TI - [Painful ophthalmoplegia without mydriasis: oculomotor nerve palsy and lesion of sympathetic fibres (Raeder's syndrome) due to compression by aneurysm of the internal carotid artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219623 TI - [Neuro-ophthalmological findings in patients with neurosyphilis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219624 TI - [Minimal cerebral dysfunction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219625 TI - [The paranoid syndrome seen from the perspective of interactional psychopathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219626 TI - [Depressive diseases in Swabians and German refugees. An epidemiological approach to the question of greater disposition of Swabians to melancholia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219627 TI - [Comparison of clinical and computer-tomographic findings in brain-stem on infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219628 TI - [Medial temporo-occipital infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219629 TI - [Localisation of neurological symptoms in migraine accompagnee (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219630 TI - [Delirium tremens: unsatisfactory treatment results with dehydrobenzperidol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219631 TI - Post partum haemolytic-uraemic syndrome treated with antithrombin-III. AB - A 34-year-old woman with a family history of pregnancy-associated thrombotic disease developed pre-eclampsia in her 8th month of pregnancy. A severe haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) developed within 24 h after spontaneous delivery. Because the plasma antithrombin-III (AT-III) was only 15% of the normal concentration, an AT-III concentrate was given intravenously. When the normal level of plasma AT-III was reached, the clinical and biochemical signs of the syndrome disappeared. Renal function and biopsy were normal within 10 days. Because complete recovery is unusual in patients with post partum HUS and no previous reports have described a rapid recovery, the case reported here suggests that infusion of an AT-III concentrate should be tried when plasma AT-III is significantly decreased. PMID- 7219633 TI - Effect of potassium removal during hemodialysis on the plasma potassium concentration. AB - The effect of potassium removal by hemodialysis on the plasma potassium concentration (PK) was observed during 20 studies on 7 anuric patients. The following was observed: (1) The pattern of change in PK is consistent with at least a two-compartment distribution; hence, in contrast to urea, PK shows a marked postdialytic rebound and the simple equation for solute removal from a single pool cannot predict postdialysis PK. (2) The magnitude of the fall in PK correlated with the predialysis PK; this was not only due to increased potassium removal, but also due to a dependence of the apparent volume of distribution of potassium on the state of potassium balance. The fractional decrement in plasma potassium concentration, contrary to that of urea, is a function of predialysis concentration, and prediction of the effect of dialysis on plasma potassium concentration can assume neither a single pool nor a constant distribution volume for this ion. PMID- 7219632 TI - Plasma factor XIII levels in children with renal disease. AB - Plasma levels of coagulation factor XIII determined quantitatively were found to have a tendency to be decreased in more severely affected cases of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and Henoch-Schonlein nephritis, and found to be decreased in patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and chronic renal failure in comparison with normal controls. It seems that the degree of decrease in factor XIII reflects the intensity of glomerular damage. In contrast, the patients with the nephrotic syndrome showed significant elevation of plasma factor XIII levels and it was closely correlated with the increase in serum triglycerides. The elevation of factor XIII levels in the nephrotic syndrome is suggested to be mainly attributed to enhanced protein synthesis in connection with urinary loss of proteins. PMID- 7219634 TI - Evidence for patchy renal vasoconstriction in man: observation by CT scan. AB - We report the first demonstration of patchy vasoconstriction of the kidney in man, together with temporary impairment of renal function. Observations were made by computerized tomography (CT scan). Such vasoconstriction might occur during the mild form or the recovery phase of acute renal failure. PMID- 7219635 TI - Tissue and blood cell concentration of methylguanidine in rats and patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Methylguanidine concentration in blood cell of nondialysed patients with chronic renal failure was quantitatively determined by the method of the present authors. We also determined tissue methylguanidine concentrations in the liver, blood cell, kidney, colon, muscle and brain of uremic rat experimentally produced by Platt's method. Methylguanidine concentrations in blood cell and tissues except the brain of the uremic rats and in blood cell of the uremic patients were 5--7 times higher than those in their serums. An increased methylguanidine concentration in the liver of the uremic rat receiving 40% protein diet was observed. These results imply that methylguanidine acts as one of the important uremic toxins in the intracellular space except for the brain, and suggest that the liver specifically affects the formation of methylguanidine. PMID- 7219636 TI - On the effect of magnesium on the PTH secretion in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. AB - The Mg, Ca and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum levels were determined in 22 uremic patients on chronic hemodialysis with different Mg concentrations in the dialysate. Baseline levels of PTH, Ca and Mg were obtained over a 4-month-period whilst on Mg dialysis of 1.5 mEq/l. Patients were then divided into three groups: 10 patients were dialyzed for 6 months with 0.5 mEq/l of Mg, 7 patients with 1.5 mEq/l, and 5 patients wih 2.5 mEq/l Mg. At the end of the 6-month period with differentiated Mg dialysis the three groups were characterized by significantly different Mg serum levels. On the contrary, no significant changes were observed in the PTH or the Ca serum levels. The results of this study indicate that PTH secretion in uremic patients on regular hemodialysis is not appreciably influenced by the Mg serum levels. PMID- 7219637 TI - On the mechanism of angiotensin-induced proteinuria. I. Studies in aminonucleoside nephrotic rats and in saralasin blockade. AB - To test whether angiotensin (AII) induces proteinuria via its effect on renal hemodynamics, or by another mechanism, two experimental approaches were used. In the first, it was found that AII was as effective in inducing proteinuria in nephrotic as in intact rats. In all AII augmented proteinurias, filtration fraction was increased. These effects plus electrophoretic profiles of AII proteinuria in intact rats suggested that hemodynamic changes underly the increased glomerular permeability to protein. In the second approach, the AII inhibitor, sar-ala-angiotensin, does not itself induce proteinuria or changes in GFR and RPF, but prevented the hemodynamic responses to AII and the proteinuric response as well. PMID- 7219638 TI - Vitamin C and glucose measurement. PMID- 7219639 TI - Alternatives to diffusion dialysis: is there a need for a better 'mousetrap'? PMID- 7219640 TI - Effects on renal function of a low-nitrogen diet supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues and of hemodialysis and free protein supply in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Creatinine clearance has been repeatedly measured in three groups of chronic uremics. In the first control group (31 cases), following a conventional low protein diet, creatinine clearance declined linearly with time. In the second group (12 cases), following very low nitrogen diet supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues, creatinine clearance remained practically constant with only one exception in which it continued to decline. In the third group of uremics (13 cases) on repeated dialysis therapy, the deterioration of creatinine clearance was markedly accelerated. The possible explanations and the practical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7219641 TI - Influence of patient characteristics on peritoneal clearances. AB - Few studies have explored how patient characteristics may influence clearances. We sought to determine if patient age, sex, size, renal disease, blood pressure, hematocrit, serum total proteins and albumin affected peritoneal clearances, drainage volumes or dialysate protein concentration. We found inulin clearances to be related to surface area and total serum proteins. Creatinine clearance was related to age, serum albumin and hematocrit. Sex, blood pressure or type of renal disease did not influence peritoneal clearances. PMID- 7219642 TI - Exaggerated natriuresis in the hypertensive man: clinical evidence for intrarenal hemodynamic heterogeneity. AB - 7 hypertensive patients (H) and 8 normotensive volunteers (N) were loaded with NaCl (4.5 mEq Na +/kg body weight i.v.) during water diuresis (A) and antidiuresis (B). In 6 antidiuretic subjects (3H and 3N) urine volume (V) was progressively raised up to over 30 ml/min, by intravenous infusion (12 ml/min) of hypertonic (3%) saline (C). It is assumed that in (A) CH2O is an index of Na+ reabsorption in short Henle's loops. In (B) and (C) TcH2O is proportional to Na+ reabsorption in long Henle's loops. In (A) CcH2O was significantly lower in H. In (B) TcH2O was similar in H and N. In (C), TcH2O reached an earlier plateau in H than in N. These results demonstrate that exaggerated natriuresis depends on defective Na+ reabsorption in Henle's loops, suggesting that the defect depends upon the transmission of hypertension to medullary circulation. The increase in hemodynamic pressure in vasa recta opposes Na+ reabsorption both in short and in long Henle's loops. However, the effects on TcH2O of the decrease in Na+ reabsorption in long loops is blunted by the greater Na+ delivery, secondary to the increase in GFR, that follows the rise in filtration pressure. PMID- 7219643 TI - Suppression of secondary hyperparathyroidism by propranolol in renal failure patients. AB - Renal osteodystrophy in part due to secondary hyperparathyroidism, is one of the major unresolved problems affecting patients on chronic hemodialysis. In addition, evidence has shown that parathyroid hormone (PTH) is toxic to other organ systems besides bone. The results of a prospective study on the effect of propranolol in reducing PTH levels in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis are reported. Propranolol administration reduced PTH levels by over 50-75%. The levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and hematocrit were variable, but patients with severe derangements in these measurements also seemed to benefit from propranolol. It should now be determined by larger and longer studies whether these biochemical improvements can be translated into clinical benefits. PMID- 7219644 TI - Deposition of basement membrane in vitro by normal and diabetic rat renal glomeruli. AB - Glomeruli isolated from rat renal cortex were incubated with radioactive precursor to study basement membrane production in vitro. Following incubation, basement membranes were purified with a novel technique of osmotic lysis followed by selective solubilization with detergents that leaves the membranes architecturally intact and results in their quantitative isolation. Incorporation of [14C]-proline into basement membrane increased in a linear fashion during the 3 h of incubation studied, with a progressive increase in the specific activity of hydroxy-[14C]-proline in isolated glomerular basement membrane. With identical incubational conditions, glomeruli from streptozotocin diabetic rats incorporated significantly greater amounts of precursor into the extracellular matrix than did glomeruli from nondiabetic animals. PMID- 7219645 TI - Prognosis in acute renal failure accompanied by jaundice. AB - The mortality rate of 67 sequential cases of acute renal failure (ARF) accompanied by jaundice was compared with the mortality rate of 168 patients without jaundice. The mortality rate in the group of jaundiced patients was 57%, significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than the 42% mortality in patients without jaundice. The mortality rate correlated with serum bilirubin levels; patients with serum bilirubin greater than 20 mg% had a mortality rate of 85%, whereas patients with levels lower than 10 mg% had a mortality rate of only 33%. Average blood pressures were significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in patients with jaundice than in those without. The data indicate that: (1) ARF accompanied by jaundice carries a worse prognosis; (2) reduced blood pressure which accompanies this condition may be an aggravating factor, and (3) serum bilirubin levels may be used as a prognostic index. PMID- 7219646 TI - The beer drinker's kidney. PMID- 7219647 TI - Relationship between brain tissue pressure gradients and cerebral blood flow distribution studied in circumscribed vasogenic cerebral oedema. AB - The present experimental study was designed to examine the correlations between brain tissue pressures, pressure gradients and cerebral blood flow distribution associated with circumscribed cerebral vasogenic oedema. Following unilateral hemispheric cryogenic injury in 42 adult cats, brain tissue pressures increased as a function of time. Interhemispheric pressure gradients became most marked one hour after the cryogenic injury (3.9 mm Hg on average), gradually decreasing thereafter. Transtentorial pressure gradients developed within the first hour after the injury, and remained above 10 mm Hg. The dye injected into one carotid system by the "single dye passage" technique was redirected towards the contralateral hemisphere and also towards the subtentorial compartment, as brain tissue pressures increased. The shift in the flow-distribution of dye and blood was more pronounced in the posterior fossa structures. When intracranial tissue pressures exceeded 60 mm Hg almost no dye entered the cranial cavity. This accompanied the marked decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure. PMID- 7219648 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities of influencing brain oedema by the action of glycerin (author's transl)]. AB - The action of glycerin on brain oedema is reported and we also point out its effectiveness as a dehydrating agent, not only in the sphere of brain oedeme (animal experiments) but also in cerebral tumours. PMID- 7219649 TI - The clinical outcome of patients with severe head injuries, treated with highdose dexamethasone, hyperventilation and barbiturates. AB - The outcome in 45 consecutive patients following severe head injuries is presented. All patients were evaluated according to the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Glasgow Outcome Scale. All patients received a combined treatment consisting of dexamethasone, barbiturate and hyperventilation. A primary operative intervention was performed in 14 patients with intracranial haematomas. There was a good recovery in 53%, 20% were moderately disabled, 11% were severely disabled. 16% died or remained in a vegetative state. The patients were aged between 5 and 83 years, 49% were under 20 years, and the relationship between age and outcome was demonstrated. 86% of the patients under 20 years and 60% over 20 years made a good recovery. These results indicate that a more favourable prognosis is possible after severe head injury, especially in children and thus the combined treatment described above appears justified. PMID- 7219650 TI - Follow-up studies in the posterior fossa in children using computerized tomography. AB - Tumours in the posterior fossa in children only present minor problems in diagnosis since the introduction of the computerized tomogram, but in postoperative follow-up studies it is rather difficult to distinguish between the various findings in the posterior fossa. This holds true especially for medulloblastomas and ependymomas. Operative changes in the anatomical structures, metal-clips, scar-like changes, post-radiation sclerosis and other findings are reasons why it is almost impossible to diagnose early recurrence of these tumours. In order to obtain more information after operation, CT findings were studied in 36 children with tumours in the posterior fossa. The findings are summarized and discussed. PMID- 7219651 TI - Surgical treatment of spinal meningiomas. AB - A review is presented of 44 cases of spinal meningioma. Analyses of the data collected indicated that early diagnosis may prevent irreversible neurological deficit and enhances the chance for full recovery after operation. The results obtained in elderly patients were very encouraging. The difficulties involved in making a correct early diagnosis are stressed. The finding of scoliosis in 40 per cent of the patients is noteworthy. PMID- 7219652 TI - [Cerebral vasospasm: clinical and biochemical aspects and treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebral vasospasm is caused by many factors. Primarily it is caused by Noradrenalin (NA) localised in the vessel walls and by platelet aggregation, with raising of the concentration of 5-HT in the intima. Its prolongation is based on blood breakdown products and or biochemical disturbances of brain metabolism. The most potent vasoconstrictors are acting through the vessel's own receptors (Serotonin, NE, Histamin), so the most effective therapy is based on the contractile system of the vessel. By blocking the alpha-receptors by Phenoxybenzamine, blockade of the Phosphodiesterase by Papaverin, Euphyllin to raise the concentration of cAMP and stimulation of Adenyl-Cyclase-System by beta stimulation, it is possible to get good results in the treatment of cerebral arterial vasospasm. PMID- 7219653 TI - Traumatic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. PMID- 7219654 TI - [Primary diffuse leptomeningeal melanoblastosis and its CT appearances (author's transl)]. AB - We report the case of a twelve-year-old boy who died, after a six months history, from primary diffuse leptomeningeal melanoblastosis, CT investigations showed a saw-tooth contrast enhancement at the brain surface. CT investigations may therefore be very helpful in meningeal lesions - apart from the importance of CSF investigations. PMID- 7219655 TI - The value of continuous subarachnoid monitoring of ICP with reference to the leakage of CSF. AB - The authors clinical experience in the continuous subarachnoid monitoring of ICP (SaP) is reported. It is stressed that the outline and the absolute pressure values of the recordings are not significantly affected by CSF leakage. No complication was observed in any of the monitored cases. PMID- 7219656 TI - Clinical and morphological investigations on ependymomas and their tissue cultures. AB - A morphological investigation was carried out on 56 ependymomas cultivated in vitro as short-term cultures in roller tubes. The tumours had been histologically classified as cellular and fibrillary ependymomas, subependymomas, myxopapillary and malignant ependymomas (Table 1). A very good growth was detected in 32 cases, most of them being cellular and malignant ependymomas (Table 2). The prevailing growth pattern was epithelial in type, i.e. proliferating cells forming a carpet. In some cases, in the first stages of growth elongated bipolar cells did appear, but they evolved later as flattened epithelial elements. In four cases, a mixed proliferation of piloid astrocytes and ependymal cells was seen; these tumours were regarded as mixed gliomas. In 46 cases an exact evaluation of the history was possible. Although no correlation could be found between histology and survival time (Table 4), the longest survival was observed in spinal tumours (Table 3). Tumours in children had a slightly worse prognosis in comparison with adults (Table 5). A radical removal of the tumour was generally followed by a longer survival time (Table 6), although the operative procedure employed did not seem to influence the development of recurrences (Table 7). PMID- 7219657 TI - [Acceleration injuries in the cat's brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7219658 TI - Multiple meningiomas. AB - The authors discuss the criteria of differential diagnosis for a correct use of the term "multiple meningiomas". Reviewing a series of 934 meningiomas, of which 834 were intracranial and 100 were spinal, they found 14 cases of multiple meningiomas, i.e. an incidence of 1.5%. The study shows that multiple meningiomas are quite similar to solitary meningiomas in all their biological characteristics. Furthermore, the possible presence of more than one meningioma must always be kept in mind in the clinical and radiological evaluation of a patient. The aetiology of multiple separate meningiomas is discussed: the hypothesis which suggests their origin from multicentric neoplastic foci activated by a supposed "tumour-producing factor" appears to be the most reliable. PMID- 7219659 TI - [A method of measuring centrally determined disturbances of muscle tone (author's transl)]. AB - A technique is described (myotonography) for recording the centrally determined disturbances of muscle tone, whereby the mechanical and electro-myographic changes in the affected muscle groups are accessible to objective and quantitative study. The efficacity and reliability of the method are given and the clinically distinguishable forms of central disturbances of tonus are shown in typical tracings. These are of particular value for assessing the progress of an illness and the results of treatment. In addition it facilitates the interpretation of the patho-physiological processes. The apparatus is so constructed that in the same way as in a clinical examination, a passive extension and flexion of the elbow joint is reproduced over a range of about 100 degrees. In this way it is possible to record the stretch resistance of the extremities as well as the superficial electromyogram of the flexors and extensors. PMID- 7219660 TI - Cholinesterase in muscle of dystrophic hamsters (Bio-40.54). AB - Isozyme patterns of cholinesterase (ChE) from heart, tongue, and skeletal muscle of normal and dystrophic hamsters are presented. Two principal bands, bands 1 and 2, were evaluated. Band 1 migrates faster towards the anode than does band 2. While bands 1 and 2 stain for AChE and were found in control muscles, only band 2 was stained by a pseudocholinesterase (BuChE) and was decreased in samples from dystrophic hamsters. The decrease in BuChE was most pronounced in dystrophic heart muscle. The low level of BuChE measured for dystrophic animal tissue was similar to isozyme patterns found in embryonic tissue and in denervated muscle. BuChE obtained by acrylamide gel electrophoresis along with 16S AchE appears to be a useful biochemical marker of nerve-muscle interactions. PMID- 7219661 TI - Glycoproteins and glycopeptides in the chromaffin granule membrane. AB - The glycoproteins and glycopeptides of adrenal chromaffin granule membranes have been analyzed by gel filtration, electrophoresis, and amino acid analysis. It has been found that almost all of the polypeptides present in the membrane are glycoproteins. Indeed, most of these possess sugar specificities which permit binding to concanavalin A-Sepharose. A new set of low-molecular-weight glycopeptides was found. There is an inverse correlation between carbohydrate content and polypeptide molecular weight. PMID- 7219662 TI - Incorporation of linoleic acid into membrane glycerophospholipids from rat brain submitted to ischemia and hypoxia. AB - In the presence of ATP, Mg and CoA-SH]1-14C]linoleic acid was incorporated into membrane phospholipids (P2 fraction and synaptosomes) prepared from rat brain cortex. The relative order for linoleate incorporation was: phosphatidyl-choline greater than phosphatidylethanolamine greater than phosphatidylinositol greater than ethanolamine plasmalogen greater than phosphatidylserine. The incorporation of labeled linoleate into P2 fraction phospholipids was investigated in rats, aged 4, 16, and 90 days, after being subjected to ischemic and hypoxic conditions. With the exception of a small increase in the incorporation of the radioactivity into diacyl-GPC, little change in incorporation profile was observed with 4-day-old rats submitted to ischemic and hypoxic conditions. However, the incorporation of labeled linoleate into membrane phospholipids was decreased in 16- and 90-day-old rats being subjected to ischemic and hypoxic conditions. Among the phospholipids, the decrease in incorporation of radioactivity was most prominent with ethanolamine plasmalogens and phosphatidylinositol, although the radioactivity of phosphatidylcholine seemed to remain relative constant. The decreased incorporation activity in these two age groups was noted along with concomitant increase in the FFA content, whereas in FFA was not observed in the 4-day-old brain samples. Thus, the specific decrease in labeling of ethanolamine plasmalogens and phosphatidylinositol may be the result of increased enzymic degradation of these compounds after ischemic and hypoxic treatment. Furthermore, the decrease in incorporation of linoleate into membrane phospholipids may be due to an increase in the membrane FFA pool which subsequently gave a dilution of the labeled precursor. PMID- 7219663 TI - Phospholipid metabolism in neuronal and glial cells during aging. AB - The incorporation of cytidine-containing precursors (CDP-Cho and CDP-Etn) into the main phospholipid classes of cellular fractions enriched in neurons and glial cells from whole rat brains of different ages was examined. The rate of synthesis of choline phosphoglycerides in neuronal homogenates significantly decreased with age up to 18 months; after this time no additional decrease was found. The decrease of CDP-Etn incorporation in neurons was found to be less significantly affected by age up to 18 months, but the enzymic activity decreased after 18 months of age. No changes were found in the corresponding glial activity at any age. Biochemical phenomena that occur in 18-month-old rat brain (aged animals) were compared with phenomena occurring in 2-month-old rat brain (adult animals). No significant variations of lipid composition were found in neurons from either 18-month-old or 2-month-old rat brain. These results, together with some kinetic parameters, suggest that ethanolamine and choline phosphotransferases are affected differently by aging. PMID- 7219665 TI - Levels of glutamate, aspartate, GABA, and taurine in different regions of the cerebellum after x-irradiation-induced neuronal loss. AB - The levels of glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp), gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), and taurine (Tau) were determined in the cortex, molecular layer, and deep nuclei of cerebella of adult rats exposed to X-irradiation at 12-15 days following birth (to prevent the acquisition of late-forming granule cells; 12-15x group) and 8-15 days following birth (to prevent the acquisition of granule and stellate cells; 8-15x group). Also, the levels of the four amino acids were measured in the crude synaptosomal fraction (P2) isolated from the whole cerebella of the control, 12-15x, and 8-15x groups. The level of Glu was significantly decreased by (1) 6-20% in the cerebellar cortex; (2) 15-20% in the molecular layer; and (3) 25-50% in the P2 fraction of the X-irradiated groups relative to control values. The content of Glu in the deep nuclei was not changed by X-irradiation treatment. Regional levels of Asp were unchanged by X irradiation, while its level in P2 decreased by 15-30% after treatment. The levels of GABA and Tau in the molecular layer, deep nuclei, or P2 were not changed in the experimental groups. However, there was a 15% increase in the levels of GABA and Tau in the cerebellar cortex of the 8-15x group relative to control values. The data support the proposed role of glutamate as the excitatory transmitter released from the cerebellar granule cells but are inconclusive regarding a transmitter role for either Tau or GABA from cerebellar stellate cells. PMID- 7219664 TI - Action of phospholipase A2 of rabbit neuronal and glial cells on 1,2-diacyl-, 2 acyl-1-alk-1'-enyl-, and 2-acyl-1-alkyl-glycerophosphatides. AB - Pronounced differences in the phospholipase A2 activities were found in neurons and glia, the enzyme activity being two- to threefold higher in neurons than in glial cells. Both phospholipases A2 hydrolyzed the 1,2-diacylglycerophosphatides more rapidly than the acylalkyl and acylalkenyl compounds. Choline plasmalogen and the corresponding alkyl derivative were cleaved at similar rates by the phospholipase A2 from both glia and neurons. There was a tendency by the neuronal phospholipase A2 to release arachidonic acid faster than linolenic acid from both phosphatidylcholine and -ethanolamine, while arachidonic acid was removed less actively from phosphatidylethanolamine by the glial enzyme. The glial phospholipase A2 showed a lag period of 10 or 20 min. Norepinephrine, injection into the lateral ventricle of the rabbit brain, stimulated the hydrolysis of the various 1,2-diacyl-, acylalkyl, and and acylalkenyl-glycerophosphatides by the phospholipase A2 from both glia and neurons. PMID- 7219666 TI - Developmental study of rat brain glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. AB - Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were measured in whole rat brains at selected ages from birth to adulthood. On a wet weight basis glutathione peroxidase activity increased 70% during development and glutathione reductase activity increased 160%. On a protein basis glutathione peroxidase declined slightly in activity during the first two weeks of life and then maintained the 14-day activity into adulthood while glutathione reductase showed a 30% increase in activity. While less than the developmental changes in many enzyme involved in aerobic glycolysis or catecholamine metabolism, these increases do suggest a role in CNS metabolism. PMID- 7219669 TI - Iontophoresis of kainic acid. PMID- 7219668 TI - Halothane accumulation in rat brain and liver. AB - Halothane concentrations (microgram/g wet weight) was measured in rat brain and liver following exposure to various concentrations of halothane in air. Because of the difficulty of determining the amount of a volatile compound in brain, we analyzed tissue fixed by two different methods. The apparent concentration of halothane in brain was higher following direct decapitation into liquid nitrogen, than after decapitation, removal of fresh tissue, and then freezing. However, the relative effects of altering the inspired concentration were essentially the same in each case. Thus, absolute quantitative accuracy remains a point for discussion; however, we can reach several conclusions regarding the relative accumulation of halothane in brain tissue following various conditions of exposure. Resultant tissue concentrations of halothane were not linearly related to ambient concentrations. Above an inspired concentrations of 1.0%, an increase to 1.5% inspired concentration caused little further increase in the halothane concentration in brain, although the liver concentration increased in proportion to the dose increase. Below an inspired concentration of 0.5%, tissue concentrations were less expected, probably as a result of metabolic degradation occurring at a rate that becomes more noticeable at lower inspired concentrations. Body size was shown to be an important variable affecting the time required for each tissue to reach equilibrium at a given inspired concentration. These data indicate that tissue concentrations at low exposure levels may be less than proportional at dose and that concentrations in small laboratory animals may be expected to exceed values in humans under equivalent conditions of exposure. PMID- 7219667 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-linked malate dehydrogenase during posthatching development of brain of altricial birds. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-linked malate dehydrogenase were studied in different areas of the brain of three altricial birds during posthatching development. The birds were pigeon and swift, having a posthatching nestling period of 30 days; and sparrow, having a posthatching nestling period of 14 days. The activity of the two enzymes was high during development. G-6-PD activity may be high because of the need for pentoses in the early part of development and the need for reducing equivalents (NADPH2) for synthesis of lipids and other compounds in the later stages of development. Malic enzyme activity also seems to be high because of the need for reducing equivalents. The activity of malic enzyme was found to be higher than that of G-6-PD. PMID- 7219670 TI - Adenohypophysis has an inherent property for pulsatile prolactin secretion. AB - Hypophysectomized male rats with adenohypophyses grafted under the kidney capsule (HG rat) for 3 weeks with or without estradiol implantation, were used to examine prolactin (PRL) secretion independent of hypothalamic influence. Changes in the circulating PRL concentration were monitored by taking blood samples every 2 min via an indwelling atrial cannula. The circulating PRL concentration did not remain at a constant level but fluctuated with time. When estradiol (100 microgram/kg) was administered to HG rats through the indwelling cannula the size of the PRL pulses was magnified. The ability of the grafted adenohypophyses to generate pulsatile changes in the plasma PRL indicates that the adenohypophysis possesses an inherent interlactotroph communication system to permit synchronized PRL secretion without the direct involvement of hypothalamic PRL-releasing factors or inhibiting factors. PMID- 7219671 TI - Experimental studies on the development of sex differences in the release of dopamine from striatal tissue fragments in vitro. PMID- 7219672 TI - Characterisation of the pro opiocortin family of peptides in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Chromatography under acid dissociating conditions in conjunction with radioimmunoassay has been employed to investigate the nature of peptides related to opiocortin in human cerebrospinal fluid. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected for chromatography from 15 patients prior to air encephalography. 2 patients had pituitary dependent Cushing's disease, 3 non-endocrine neurological disease and 10 non-ACTH related pituitary disease. The column fractions were assayed for N- and C-terminal beta-lipotropin, N-terminal ACTH and gamma-MSH immunoreactivity. Elution profiles obtained from chromatography on Sephadex G-50 demonstrated peaks of immunoreactivity corresponding to the elution positions of synthetic human beta-endorphin, highly purified beta-lipotropin and highly purified gamma-lipotropin in all CSF samples. A peak of a large molecular weight material with N and C terminal beta-lipotropin immunoreactivity was also detected. Chromatography of CSF on Sephadex G-75 showed this large molecular weight peak to be comprised of peptides eluting in the positions of a 31K molecular weight marker with beta-lipotropin and ACTH immunoreactivity and a 16K molecular weight marker with gamma-MSH immunoreactivity. This suggests the presence of the common precursor to ACTH and LPH in the CSF. PMID- 7219673 TI - Central nervous system and pituitary mechanisms in dopaminergic stimulation of growth hormone release in women. AB - In an attempt to evaluate the relative importance of brain and peripheral (i.e., outside the blood-brain barrier) dopamine (DA) receptor stimulation in the regulation of GH release, DA (5 microgram/kg/min infused i.v. for 120 min), L dopa (500 mg p.o.), L-dopa (100 mg p.o.) plus carbidopa (35 mg p.o.) after pretreatment with carbidopa (50 mg p.o. every 6 h for 1 day), and nomifensine (200 mg p.o.) have been administered to healthy women. Significant elevations in serum GH were induced by all regimens in comparison with a control placebo study, although the effect of DA was only transient in spite of continuing infusion. The between drugs analysis revealed that L-dopa alone was significantly more effective in releasing GH than carbidopa plus L-dopa as well as DA infusion and nomifensine administration. These results suggest that both central nervous system and peripheral mechanisms are involved in dopaminergic stimulation of GH release in man. Since DA does not affect somatotropes directly, increased serum GH levels by DA infusion probably reflect stimulation of median eminence dopaminergic neurons. PMID- 7219674 TI - Multiunit activity in the anterior median eminence and adjacent areas of the hypothalamus of the ewe in relation to LH secretion. AB - Changes in multiunit activity (MUA) in the anterior median eminence and adjacent tissues just posterior to the optic chiasma were recorded in lightly anaesthetized, ovariectomized ewes after an i.m. injection either of oil (group I) or of 50 microgram oestradiol benzoate (ODB) in oil (group II). Changes in plasma LH concentration that occurred during the recording were determined by radioimmunoassay. In both groups, when the electrodes reached the correct site, the MUA showed a bursting pattern of firing with a frequency of 0.5-1.5 bursts/s. In group I (10 ewes), the MUA showed circhoral variations at intervals of 55.1 +/ 2.8 min similar to those for LH pulses. Plasma LH levels, measured every 10 min, for 2 h in 8 ewes, showed a total of 14 pulses which were always preceded by an increase in MUA. Hormonal values and bioelectrical activity were positively correlated (p < 0.01). When cumulated hourly, the mean MUA in group I remained stable, from 10.5 to 22.5 h after oil treatment. Then, intravenous injection of 100 microgram of ODB induced a rapid increase in MUA. During the 2 h after this injection, we observed only two pulses of LH in the 8 studied ewes. In animals injected i.m. with ODB before the recording (group II, n = 16), the mean MUA (cumulated every hour) from 10.5 to 22.5 postinjection was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in animals from group I (control). Within group II, 5 ewes discharged an obvious peak of LH, 18-24 h after ODB injection and showed a shortening of the MUA circhoral period (which varied from 10 to 20 min, at the time of initiation of the surge) followed by an increase in the mean amplitude. These 5 ewes showed a significantly higher increase (p < 0.03) in the MUA per hour (from 10.5 to 22.5 h after ODB) than the 9 which did not show an LH peak. Thus, the changes in MUA were clearly related in time to changes in LH secretion whether occurring as spontaneous pulses or as peaks induced by ODB. PMID- 7219675 TI - Catecholestrogens and induction of sexual behavior in the ovariectomized rat. AB - The ability of the catecholestrogens, 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2) and 2 hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2) to induce lordosis in ovariectomized rats primed with progesterone was assessed following either short- or long-term exposure to the steroids. 4-OHE2 successfully induced lordosis whether administered as two bolus intrajugular injections separated by a 3-hour interval or continuously for 7 days via subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps. 2-OHE2, however, was ineffective under both conditions. When administered subcutaneously in conjunction with 3 days of estradiol benzoate (E2B) treatment, neither of the catecholestrogens exhibited any antiestrogenic effect as compared with the lordosis response to E2B alone. Likewise, simultaneous administration of 2-OHE2 did not significantly alter the response to intrajugular injections of estradiol (E2) or 4-OHE2. The results indicate that 4-OHE2 (but not 2-OHE2) mimicks the lordosis-inducing action of E2 and that neither catecholestrogen has any antiestrogenic effect in this behavioral test system. PMID- 7219676 TI - Dopamine levels in hypophysial stalk plasma and prolactin levels in peripheral plasma of the lactating rat: effects of a simulated suckling stimulus. AB - Secretion of prolactin is tonically inhibited by hypothalamic release of dopamine into the hypophysial portal system. However, the role that changes in dopamine secretion play in altering prolactin secretion after physiologic stimuli is still unknown. The present study was designed to investigate changes in dopamine release into stalk blood during sucking-induced release of prolactin. An increase in prolactin secretion was induced in urethane-anesthetized, lactating rats by a 15-min electrical stimulation of an isolated mammary nerve trunk. This procedure induced a rapid increase in prolactin secretion, and a 7-fold increase in prolactin concentrations was observed within 20-30 min after stimulation began. In unstimulated control rats, prolactin levels remained at baseline values during the period of observation. Then, we measured the effect of this stimulus on the concentration of dopamine in hypophysial stalk plasma. Dopamine concentrations in hypophysial stalk plasma, collected at 15-min intervals before, during and after mammary nerve stimulation, decreased significantly by 20% during stimulation, returned to prestimulation values, and then increased significantly by 20% at 45 60 min. In control rats, no changes in dopamine concentrations were observed. These results demonstrate that a simple, inverse relationship between dopamine secretion and prolactin secretion does not exist during suckling. However, the observed decrease in dopamine secretion during mammary nerve stimulation may be an integral part of a complex mechanism, including other hypothalamic hormones, that lead to the release of prolactin. PMID- 7219677 TI - Effect of neonatal intrahypothalamic testosterone implants on cyclicity and adult sexual behavior in the female hamster. AB - To localize the neural sites of hormone action for sexual differentiation in the hamster, pellets containing 3 microgram testosterone were implanted directly in the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH) and the ventromedial hypothalamus-arcuate regions of the hypothalamus of 3-day-old female hamsters. The POA-AH implants strongly enhanced the potential for ectopic mounts, rear mounts, and intromission patterns after adult testosterone treatment. 50% of the females with neonatal POA-AH implants demonstrated vaginal acyclicity in adulthood, suggesting a significant disruption of normal gonadotropin release. Tests for female sexual behavior revealed that implants in both POA-AH and ventromedial arcuate had no significant effect on latency to lordosis or total lordosis duration with estrogen and progesterone priming, but did reduce the longest single bout of lordosis. In conjunction with other recent investigations, these findings suggest that in the hamster, as in other species, androgenization involves several independent processes in terms of both location and sensitivity to hormone exposure. PMID- 7219678 TI - Serotonergic mechanisms of clonidine-induced hypothermia in rats. PMID- 7219680 TI - Effects of pentazocine and nalorphine of motility in chronically morphine treated rats: a potential substitution test to detect the narcotic character of a drug. PMID- 7219679 TI - The effects of injections of bombesin into the cerebral ventricles on behavioral thermoregulation. PMID- 7219681 TI - Self-stimulation and locomotor changes indicating "latent" anticholinergic activity by an atypical neuroleptic (thioridazine). PMID- 7219683 TI - Evoked potential studies of porcine calcitonin in rabbits. PMID- 7219684 TI - Serotonergic and noradrenergic mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II injected into the anterior hypothalamic preoptic region of rats. PMID- 7219682 TI - The anticonvulsant properties of melatonin on kindled seizures in rats. PMID- 7219685 TI - Blink rates and receptor supersensitivity. PMID- 7219686 TI - Influence of castration and testosterone propionate on [3H]noradrenaline metabolism in various structures of male rat brain. PMID- 7219687 TI - Incorporation of [3H]estradiol into elements of tanicytic and ciliary ependyma of third ventricle of brain in vitro. PMID- 7219689 TI - Effects of estradiol on adenohypophyseal prolactin levels in sexually mature and immature rats. PMID- 7219688 TI - Stabilization of dexamethasone binding cytosol protein from the rat myocardium. PMID- 7219691 TI - Dynamics of axonal degeneration in the neuronally isolated cerebral cortex. PMID- 7219692 TI - Intranuclear histone changes in neurons of different types in a "mirror" epileptiform focus in the rat brain. PMID- 7219690 TI - Quantitative study of cells formed in early postnatal development in cytoarchitectonic layers of the normal parietal cortex and after brain trauma. PMID- 7219693 TI - Development of accessory structures of the mechanoreceptor and chemoreceptor system of the rat tongue in ontogeny (scanning electron microscopy). PMID- 7219694 TI - Reflection of phases of conditioned reflex limb placing on a support by cats in motor cortical unit activity. PMID- 7219695 TI - Changes in excitability of a command neuron in the initial period of conditioning in Helix pomatia. PMID- 7219698 TI - Rotational synkineses of occiput and atlas on lateral inclination. AB - An X-ray analysis was performed with regard to the question of synkinetic rotational movements of occiput and atlas on lateral inclination of the head and neck. It was found that the frequent synkinetic rotation of the head from the side of inclination can be taken for a stereotype that is ten times more frequent than the rotation towards the side of inclination. However, it does not represent an essential or indispensable feature of the synkinetic reaction. The associated rotation of the atlas from the side of inclination cannot be looked upon as a normal and constant element of the synkinetic response on lateral inclination, as it does not occur in nearly one-half of cases. Moreover, these studies have shown that the rotational movement between occiput and atlas is possible not only in the final stage of maximum forced rotation of the head, but that it belongs to normal dynamic features of the synkinetic response on lateral inclination of the head and neck. PMID- 7219697 TI - Mechanisms of habituation of the electrically excitable membrane of the cortical neuron. PMID- 7219699 TI - Cerebral damage following ventricular shunt for infantile hydrocephalus evaluated by computed tomography. AB - The result of a late CT control of infantile hydrocephalus is reported with an analysis of effects of the catheter on the cerebral tissue in the immediate and late postoperative course. The most frequent finding is blood in the ventricle and/or subependymal or intraparenchymal along the catheter or near its tip. PMID- 7219701 TI - Computed tomography in the management of complications due to ventricular shunting. AB - A 13-year-old girl first underwent ventricular drainage at the age of 5. She developed voluntary movement myoclonus of the left hand 7 1/2 years later. A CT scan of the brain 6 months later demonstrated a thalamic cyst consistent with a granulomatous reaction to the shunt. PMID- 7219700 TI - Atlantoaxial instability in Marfan's syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment. A case report. AB - A case of Marfan's syndrome is described in which progressive neurological signs and symptoms were produced by flexion of the head. Radiological examinations revealed hypermotility between the atlas and axis, as well as compression of the medulla oblongata by the odontoid process on flexion, since low positioned cerebellar tonsils prevented dorsal shift of the oblongata. The signs and symptoms disappeared after occipitocervical internal transfixation. PMID- 7219702 TI - Anatomy and radiology of the sellar spine. AB - Five anatomical and radiological observations of a spine protruding into the pituitary fossa are reported. This osseous spine, about 4 mm long, arises in the midline from the inferior part of the anterior aspect of the dorsum sellae and extends upward and forward. The possible origins of this malformation are discussed. PMID- 7219696 TI - Auditory cortical evoked responses to systematic application of standard series of stimuli to the medial geniculate body. PMID- 7219703 TI - Unusual appearance of an acoustic neuroma on computed tomography. PMID- 7219704 TI - A search for olfactory receiving areas in the cerebral cortex of cats. PMID- 7219705 TI - Fine structure of rat cerebellar noradrenaline terminals as visualized by potassium permanganate 'in situ perfusion' fixation method. PMID- 7219706 TI - In vitro retrograde neuritic transport of horseradish peroxidase isoenzymes by sympathetic neurons. PMID- 7219707 TI - Effects of hypoxia lasting up to one month on the catecholamine content in rat carotid body. PMID- 7219709 TI - Modulation of the amplitude of the digastric jaw opening reflex during the masticatory cycle. PMID- 7219708 TI - A quantitative assessment of muscle spindle formation in reinnervated and non reinnervated grafts of the rat extensor digitorum longus muscle. PMID- 7219710 TI - Physicalism and emergence. PMID- 7219711 TI - Norepinephrine-containing terminals in kitten visual cortex: laminar distribution and ultrastructure. PMID- 7219716 TI - New structural features of freeze-substituted neuritic growth cones. PMID- 7219713 TI - Primary afferent depolarization evoked by the activity of spinal scratching generator. PMID- 7219714 TI - Penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in the hippocampal slice: a model of synchronization of CA3 pyramidal cell bursting. PMID- 7219712 TI - Reflex and locomotor changes following unilateral deafferentation of rat hind limb assessed by chronic electromyography. PMID- 7219715 TI - Functional organization of the mechanisms subserving the optokinetic nystagmus in the cat. PMID- 7219717 TI - The nature of the membrane potential of glial cells associated with the medial giant axon of the crayfish. PMID- 7219718 TI - Alpha-bungarotoxin receptors in the chick ciliary ganglion: behaviour in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7219719 TI - In vivo release of met-enkephalin in the cat brain. PMID- 7219720 TI - Electrophysiological responses of neurons of the ventral tegmental area to electrical stimulation of amygdala and lateral septum. PMID- 7219721 TI - Biochemical evidence for overlapping neocortical and allocortical glutamate projections to the nucleus accumbens and rostral caudatoputamen in the rat brain. PMID- 7219722 TI - Binding of [3H]sulpiride to purified rat striatal synaptic membranes. PMID- 7219724 TI - Synaptology of the command (pacemaker) nucleus in the brain of the weakly electric fish, Sternarchus (Apteronotus) albifrons. PMID- 7219725 TI - Subsurface and cytoplasmic cisterns associated with mitochondria in pyramidal neurons of the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus. PMID- 7219726 TI - [3H]gamma-aminobutyrate autoradiography of the rat olfactory bulb: hypothetical grain analysis of the distribution of silver grains. PMID- 7219723 TI - Ultrastructure of the nerve plexuses of the mammalian intestine: the enteric glial cells. PMID- 7219728 TI - The amino-acid content of perilymph and cerebrospinal fluid from guinea-pigs and the effect of noise on the amino-acid composition of perilymph. PMID- 7219727 TI - Ultrastructural changes with high activity and subsequent recovery at locust motor nerve terminals. A stereological analysis. PMID- 7219729 TI - [Report on the 19th National Meeting of the German Electron Microscopy Society in Tubingen. 9-11 September 1979. Part 2. Abstracts]. PMID- 7219732 TI - [Surgical treatment of celiaco-mesenteric insufficiency]. PMID- 7219730 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in the ergonovine maleate test]. PMID- 7219731 TI - [Electrocardiographic problems in patients with pacemakers. I. General remarks on cardiac electrostimulation and electrocardiographic findings]. PMID- 7219733 TI - [Spontaneous return of sinus rhythm after 15 years of uninterrupted atrial fibrillation in a patient with serious rheumatic valvulopathy. Subsequent intermittent reappearance of the arrhythmia]. PMID- 7219735 TI - [Pediatric anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy]. AB - Seventy fifty cases of anesthesia in children for tonsillectomy are described. About twenty of these are induced to the narcosis with propanidid, thirty with Ketamine, fifteen with Althesin and a little number using mask with N2O/O2 and Halothane. The results obtained showed that these four methods are satisfying and confirmed by a long experience in a large number of cases. PMID- 7219734 TI - [Comparison of the effect of premedication with diazepam and trazodone on anesthesia induced with althesin]. AB - Interference on the part of premedication with diazepam and trazodone with althesin anaesthesia was investigated and compared by means of variance analysis according to Fisher, and the X2c test according to Yates, in 150 patients aged 35 45 yr in three groups of 50 during examination of the uterine cavity. No marked difference between the effects of the two drugs were noted, with two exceptions: 1) trazodone was better able to potentiate the hypnotic action of althesin, so that less was needed for the induction of anaesthesia; 2) patients pretreated wih diazepam displayed a marked increase in postoperative somnolence, this being an expression of the drug's hypnotic effect. PMID- 7219736 TI - [Complications of subarachnoid anesthesia]. AB - Complications and accidents in subarachnoid anaesthesia, their frequency, and methods for their prevention are described. Reference is also made to a personal series in which the low incidence of untoward consequence was probably attributable to the precautions described. PMID- 7219737 TI - [A rare case of acute mandragora poisoning. Diagnostic and therapeutic criteria]. AB - After mentioning the botanic characteristics of mandragora, its territorial distribution, morphological characteristics and the toxicological properties of its alkaloids, a clinical case of accidental mandragora poisoning is reported. The case was successfully treated with atropinic block antagonists, namely cholinesterase inhibitors. Apart from its serious symptomatology, mandragora poisoning also involves considerable metabolic commitment of liver and kidney, which present evident signs of disturbance. Information about these and other insidious plants should be spread to prevent such cases of poisoning, whose gravity is enhanced by the fact that they are exceptional and not often encountered in clinical practice. PMID- 7219738 TI - [A case of fetal arsenous anhydride poisoning]. AB - The physical-chemical and toxicological properties of arsenious anhydride, are explained and a case of a girl who killed herself by swallowing two small spoons of such poison is presented. The prognosis in this type of poisoning can certainly be better bearing two points: 1) early diagnosis; 2) hemodialysis, in the cases with prevalent oliguric symptomatology. PMID- 7219740 TI - [The effect of various drugs on post-operative pain-producing sensations]. AB - The influence of diazepam, the hemisuccinic ester of oxazepam, fentanyl and pentazocine on pain-producing sensation after surgery was tested in 160 patients subjected to ordinary and major surgery. Use was made of Dundee and Moore's modification of Clutton-Brock's test, and Bromage's test. Analysis of the results indicated that the slow administration of analgesics and psychoactive drugs enables better results to be achieved, with smaller amounts of active substance. PMID- 7219739 TI - [Mushroom poisoning: clinical contribution]. AB - Emphasis is placed on the need for a careful appraisal of the history in the diagnostic and prognostic approach to mushroom poisoning. The main syndromes are described and an account is given of the modern treatment of the dramatic pictures caused by phalloides poisoning. A personal case series formed of 118 patients treated between Jan. 1969 and Dec. 1977 is presented. The importance of certain methods, especially dialysis, in the management of phalloides cases is discussed. Stress if laid on the need to hospitalise all persons displaying symptoms referable to the ingestion of mushrooms in suitable equipped centres as soon as possible. PMID- 7219741 TI - [Clinical experience with etomidate]. AB - The effects of Etomidate, a new intravenous anaesthetic agent, were studied in 138 cases which underwent different procedures of variable duration under general anaesthesia. The effects on different organs and systems of this drug, alone or in association with other anaesthetics or adjuvants, were analyzed in this series. Clinical signs, plethysmography and electroencephalography were the main parameters studied. It was shown that Etomidate has a rapid, transient action and a high therapeutic index without any cumulative effects. In conclusion this drug is recommended as an excellent induction agent which could also be advantageously employed for short surgical procedures. PMID- 7219742 TI - [Experimental research on hemorrhagic shock in the rabbit. Acid-base equilibrium and survival with 6-methylprednisolone and gelatin administration]. AB - A previously described method was used to induce haemorrhagic shock in the rabbit by removing 40% of the circulating mass. This had been previously established as 2.6 +/- 0.5 kg-1 by a radioisotopic technique. Survivals were determined 1 and 2 weeks later after treatment with 40 mg/kg-1 6-MPD and vascular refilling with 3.5% gelatine equal to the amount removed. The blood gas analysis and EAB findings suggested that haemorrhagic shock includes both a fast and a slow physiopathological stage, and that the results of treatment are strictly linked to the time of its commencement. Metabolic acidaemia and respiratory alkalosis was constant, and all the controls died within 2 days, 6-MPD was not able to normalise the EAB, but ensured 100% survival at 2 weeks. Gelatin brought the lab data close to normal, but only ensured 100% survival at 2 weeks if given immediately after the removal of blood. PMID- 7219743 TI - [Althesin-induced EEG changes in patients with central nervous system lesions]. AB - The EEG changes produced by Althesin (75 microliter/kg intravenously administered over 60 sec) were evaluated in 18 unpremedicated patients wih CNS diseases who were scheduled for cerebral angiography. Three parameters were analyzed: the EEG patterns of anaesthesia, the appearance of a fast activity during stabilized burst suppression (Level V), and enhancement of the registered epileptiform abnormalities. The EEG depth of anaesthesia was correlated with the EEG pattern at rest and the preexisting neurological signs. The 15 Hz fast activity which occurred during the suppression phase of Level V was recorded unilaterally over the healthy hemisphere, while it was observed bilaterally in a case involving lesion of the midline structures. The exaltation of the epileptiform EEG discharges following Althesin administration suggests that this agent might be utilized as a convenient provocative test in the diagnosis of epilepsy. PMID- 7219749 TI - [Psychological problems in intensive care. I. The Resuscitation Center]. AB - Intensive therapy units are defined and their operation is explained for the benefit of the non-specialist, so as to clarify the background of the psychological situations in question. An investigation was made of the factors that may interfere with the smooth running of an intensive therapy department, where work is often done under emergency conditions. Interviews between psychologists, and physicians, paramedical staff and patients were chosen as a means of responding to this need. Open interviews were related to the length of hospital stay, patient age and sex, the clinical pictures of subjects admitted to the Resuscitation Centre, and another group admitted to the Coronary Unit. The results were examined with reference to: examinations during hospitalisation, things remembered about the period of admission, dominant thoughts during the acute stage, attitude towards the care received, and changes proposed by the patient. From an examination of these features, assessments are made with regard to the relations and interaction between each component, particularly between doctor and patient in coma, and patient and nursing staff and resuscitation centre and other departments. Particular stress is laid on the delicacy of the relationships with relatives and persons admitted to RC. Some technical advice is offered as the conclusion to the examination of the RC forming the first part of the research. PMID- 7219744 TI - [Antipollution system for operating rooms. Critical assessment and testing of a new system]. AB - Following a rapid review of equipment available for the depolluting of operating theatres, new equipment which does not interfere with anaesthesia circuit pressures is presented; experimental data obtained during use of this equipment are also reported and compared with standard data. PMID- 7219746 TI - [Long term clinical and radiological follow-up of patients given respiratory assistance during the neonatal period]. AB - 135 babies admitted to the resuscitation department in the neonatal period and submitted to respiratory assistance were followed up clinically and radiologically at periods of from three months to two years. Alongside two cases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia diagnosed during admittance, 9 cases of minor respiratory sequelae were identified. Mechanical artificial ventilation and high concentrations of oxygen are suggested as decisive causes of bronchopulmonary changes. Both bronchopulmonary dysplasia and minor respiratory forms show a tendency to progressive clinical and radiological improvement with the passage of time. PMID- 7219745 TI - [An epidemiological study of cardiac emergency cases in the province of Florence and the Southeast Florence Hospital area]. AB - The national data provided by ANMCO in 1978 show a total of 2.5 m heart cases in Italy, including 1.5 m instances of ischaemic cardiopathy, and an annual incidence of 105,000 new cases of myocardial infarct. An assessment was made of the 1976 and 1977 pattern of "cardiological emergency cases" (ISTAT codes 402, 410-14, 427-29, 441, 450, 519, 997) in the province of Florence and two of its social and health consortia: 39 (municipalities of Dicomano, Londa, Pelago, Pontassieve, Rufina, S. Godenzo), and 51 (municipalities of Borgata Ripoli, Greve, Impruneta, S. Casciano, Tavarnelle). The records of the S. Maria Nuova, Florence Hospital were used for in-patient data, since this is the only hospital in the province with automatic filing by discharge diagnosis according to the ISTAT code. Mortality in emergency cases in the two consortia m and the province fell from 14.68% and 17.17% to 11.20% and 18.11% respectively in the two years. In both populations, the highest incidence was between 70 and 74 yr of age in 1976, and between 65 and 69 yr in 1977. In the case of infarct, mortality moved from 18.75 to 7.58% (consortia) and from 22.40% to 20.93% (province), with maximum incidences in 1976 between 70 and 74 yr (consortia and province), and in 1977 between 65 and 69 yr (province) and between 55 and 59 yr (consortia). Admissions were greatest in number on Mondays (peak hours: 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.) whereas no difference was noted between one month and another. The Hospital Resuscitation Centre, which serves the two consortia, received 45 emergency cases in 1977, including 25 infarct patients. Total mortality was 13.33% (infarct 20%). The slight numeric discrepancy between in the latter data and those held in the computer suggests that the ISTAT code may not be easy to use and not always employed by physicians in a rational manner. PMID- 7219747 TI - [Intensive postoperative treatment in obstetrics and gynecology: proposal for a score system for medico-surgical assessment of the abdominal surgery patient]. AB - It is often necessary in routine clinical practice to take a decision on therapeutic conduct regarding patients with abdominal type postoperative complications. A score system has been devised which increases with the gravity of objective findings and the laboratory data most frequently observed in this pathology. The theoretical score is applied a posteriori to 12 serious cases of abdominal surgery. The values suggest an appropriate therapeutic approach: in effect, a score of less than 50 would point to wait-and-see medical treatment, not to be prolonged beyond 72 hours; values higher than 50 point to medical treatment preparatory to indispensable surgery. PMID- 7219750 TI - [General anesthesia with continuous-infusion ketamine]. AB - The importance of Ketamine in continuous perfusion is described on the basis of a studied carried out in 30 patients. The clinical data are compared with results predicted by the mathematical model. Special study was made of the behaviour of the cardiocirculatory apparatus, particularly in reference to myocardial contractility and electroencephalographic activity. It is concluded that the drug can be advantageously used in continuous perfusion. PMID- 7219751 TI - [Hemodynamic aspects of continuous-infusion ketamine anesthesia for visceral surgery in aged patients]. AB - The results obtained in a haemodynamic study carried out in 9 elderly patients subjected to ketaminic anaesthesia in continuous perfusion for visceral surgery operations are reported and compared with those observed, under the same conditions, in 9 patients aged less than 65. Stress is laid on the stimulating cardiovascular action observed during induction and the lower myocardial reactivity of elderly patients by comparison with younger ones. Mention is also made of the stability of haemodynamic values throughout the period of the operation. There was, however, a tendency to bradycardia and the constant onset of systemic arterial hypotension during the initial period. These are interpreted as phenomena due to the cardiovascular lability of senile age. The effectiveness of ketamine's cardiocirculatory action is, however, a positive factor in the light of the haemodynamic findings obtained during anaesthesia with Althesin and Fentanyl. It is concluded that the anaesthesia technique employed has some positive aspects that make it particularly indicated in states of acute or chronic cardiocirculatory lability, for visceral surgery operations also. PMID- 7219748 TI - [Modified Ayre's T system for the elimination of environmental pollution]. AB - A modified Ayre T system for the elimination of anaesthetic gas and vapour pollution from operating theatres is described. PMID- 7219753 TI - [Ketamine hydrochloride by continuous infusion in modern anesthesiology]. PMID- 7219752 TI - [Ketamine hydrochloride by continuous drip intravenous infusion in thoracic surgery]. AB - The Authors report an open trial on 50 patients anaesthetized with Ketamine hydrochloride, by continuous drip infusion progressively slowed, with the aid of Fentanil, in thoracic surgery. The proposed anaesthetic technique proved to be excellent as for as analgesia during and after operation as well cardiovascular stability and lackness of side effects is concerned. Recovery from anaesthesia was quick and extremely quite and free from side effects which are common in Ketamine anaesthesia. PMID- 7219755 TI - [Continuous-infusion ketamine]. AB - An investigation was made of the employment of ketamin as the sole anaesthetic in general surgery, using continuous infusion of a 1% solution for both induction and maintenance in 118 cases. ECG was monitored and arterial pressure was measured invasively. Central venous pressure was also determined in 10 cases. Changes in serum enzyme values during and after surgery were examined in 35 patients. Blood samples were withdrawn before induction, after the return to consciousness, and 24 hr after the operation. Side-effects were common, but slight. Five patients suffered from nightmares, but these were persons with marked imaginative activity and a melancholic nature. Cardiocirculatory function was satisfactory. In particular, peripheral perfusion was excellent in all cases. PMID- 7219756 TI - [The ultrastructural morphogenetic bases of the adult respiratory distress syndrome]. AB - Sequential study of the submicroscopic pathological events characterising the natural history of the adult respiratory distress syndrome has pinpointed three different development stages related to clinical course and prognosis. In the first stage, the decisive biological element is represented by the increase in capillary permeability, whose morphological substrate consists of the distension of intercellular junctions. The result is the formation of interstitial oedema with the characteristics of the exudate. In the second stage, when reversibility is still possible, fluid and proteins pass into the alveolus. Finally, in the third stage, the persisting stimulus of pulmonary capillaries leads on the one hand to the formation of hyaline membranes and, on the other, to a reactive lung response in the form of interstitial fibrinogenesis and hyperplasia of granular pneumocytes. PMID- 7219757 TI - [Analysis of EEG frequency in althesin anesthesia]. AB - Twelve subjects were given Althesin until the EEG level of burst suppression was reached. The cerebral electrical activity was continuously monitored by the conventional EEG-tracing method and by a tracing compression technique (BFA), based on the time to-frequency domain conversion and the display of the spectra in prospectical array. The BFA computed in real time the power spectra of 64 frequencies (0,25-16 Hz) by means of the Fourier's transform. The depth of Althesin anesthesia proved to correlate with the EEG spectra. PMID- 7219758 TI - [Problems with anesthesia and intensive therapy in pheochromocytoma. A review of 25 cases]. AB - A retrospective assessment is made of 25 cases of pheochromocytoma operated between 1970 and 1979. Three of the more complicated cases are discussed in detail. Actual and potential complications are described and a form of monitoring is proposed. The conclusion is expressed that correction of the pathological haemodynamic situation by expansion of the blood volume and the administration of alpha and beta blocking agents is of greater consequence in successful management than the anaesthesiological technique employed. PMID- 7219754 TI - [The use of continuous-infusion ketamine in pediatric anesthesia]. AB - We are the results of anaesthesia by ketamine in continuous perfusion without any other anaesthetic, effected upon 173 patients who have undergone several kinds of surgical operations in paediatric surgery, for the research for such a drug best dosage, basing ourselves on clinical symptoms. For a correct anaesthesia the right dosage is of 0,40 mg/ml. At the same time we have been researching eventual morphological variations in relation to the basic tracing by means of E.C.G. intraoperating tracings. PMID- 7219759 TI - [Pediatric anesthesia for computerized axial tomography of the brain. Preliminary report]. AB - A careful examination of the various points taken into consideration is followed by the conclusion that althesin is the anaesthetic of choice for CAT. PMID- 7219761 TI - [Anesthesiological problems and choice in operations for the termination of pregnancy. A study of 1500 cases]. AB - A brief account of the special features of operations for the termination of pregnancy and their associated anaesthesiological problems is followed by presentation of the results of a study of the application of different types of intravenous narcosis (500 cases in the preoperative stage; 1000 cases in the conclusive stage). Reference is made to the features of a method that was found to be very suitable. This provided for the employment of althesin as the basic drug for brief, complication-free, intravenous anaesthesia. PMID- 7219760 TI - [Technique of general anesthesia with tracheal intubation for endoscopic maneuvers in otorhinolaryngologic surgery]. AB - On the basis of experience of 25 patients subjected to suspension laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, it is shown that the technique of anaesthesiology conduction adopted responds to the needs of the anaesthesist and the laryngoscopist. Althesin in particular has been found to possess the requisites for this type of diagnostic manoeuvre. PMID- 7219763 TI - [Acute trichloroethylene poisoning. Description of 4 clinical cases]. AB - After reviewing the chemistry and metabolism of trichloroethylene, stress is laid on its acute and chronic toxicology, with particular reference to the former. The most effective therapeutic and resuscitory scheme followed is then described on the basis of personal cases and the literature. PMID- 7219762 TI - [Peridural anesthesia and adrenocortical function in man]. AB - A brief account of the stress action of anaesthetic drugs is followed by the description of an evaluation of plasma cortisol concentration in an enquiry into the effects of peridural anaesthesia with bupivacaine. PMID- 7219764 TI - [Notes on a case of shock lung in acute pancreatitis]. AB - Personal experience of a case of shock-induced lung condition is reported. The literature is examined and recommended treatments analysed critically. Maximum attention to antisepsis measures in suggested. PMID- 7219765 TI - [The effect of althesin anesthesia on atrioventricular conduction]. AB - A study of one of the several factors influencing operative risk was made by studying the effects of Althesin on the conduction system by recording the His potentials in 8 patients. PMID- 7219766 TI - [Treatment of lymphedema of the extremities with lymphatico-venous anastomosis]. AB - Very encouraging results have been obtained over a number of years with direct lymphaticovenous anastomosis in the treatment of primary and secondary lymphoedema of the limbs. Twelve cases involving the upper and lower extremities have been treated since 1976. An account is given of the personal technique employed. This makes use of dioptric means of magnification, instruments, materials, and microsurgical techniques. In some instances, differences have been observed between the objective results and improvements in the subjective symptomatology, as well as between treatment of the upper limbs (enlarged arms after mastectomy) and both primary and secondary lower limbs involvement. The pre and postoperative cautions required are explained, together with the indications for treatment. An explanation is offered of some of the failures observed. PMID- 7219767 TI - [Remote results and critical review of the use of the Sparks-Mandril prosthesis]. AB - Long-term clinical results and pathologic features, both macroscopic and microscopic, of 24 Sparks-Mandril grafts as femoro-popliteal substitutes are reviewed. High rate of complications and low percentage of patency are stressed. Further use of this graft is not recommended. PMID- 7219768 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in high-risk arteriopathic patients]. AB - The authors refer on 24 patients over 65 years of age suffering from obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs undergoing reconstructive surgery no matter the high surgical risk. These patients represent 12.3% of all vascular patients treated in five years of activity. The following risk factors are considered: 1) Heart disease; 2) Altered lipid metabolism; 3) Diabetes; 4) Arterial hypertension; 5) Hyperuricaemia; 6) Obesity; 7) Renal or hepatic insufficiency. Immediate results were excellent in 23 cases; one patient suffering from aortic barrage died of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. Follow-up results also remained good; only one patient had to be re-operated two years later (disobliteration of branch of prosthesis) with a happy outcome. Two other patients died because of non vascular causes. The authors do not consider age amongst risk factors and prefer the extraperitoneal approach in disobliterating operations and refer using the transperitoneal route without problems in aortobifemoral bypasses. The authors state that risk factors did not alter neither the short nor the long-term follow-up results possibly because of medical correction of associated pathological states. PMID- 7219770 TI - [Emergency treatment of patients with maxillo-facial injuries]. AB - A small contribution is made to the work of widening the knowledge of the main principles followed in the emergency management of injuries to the face and jaws. The topic is rendered easily comprehensible by the nonspecialist through the use of many pictures. A short compendium of emergency therapies and personal experience is presented, and no new therapeutic indications are put forward. PMID- 7219771 TI - [Use of laminar flow apparatus in vascular surgery]. AB - Post-operative infection is one of the main risks attached to surgery, especially when synthetic materials or artificial prostheses are employed. The fundamental principles of laminar flow apparatuses are described, with particular reference to one employing a horizontal flow and fluid bulkheads. During the first two years of its use, this particular apparatus has reduced cases of infection from prostheses in vascular surgery from 5.5 to 1.8%. PMID- 7219769 TI - [Introduction by pulsion of an esophageal prosthesis, using the Nottingham introducer]. PMID- 7219773 TI - [Epidemiology of cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 7219772 TI - [Acute appendicitis in early childhood. a difficult diagnosis]. AB - 48 cases of acute appendicitis in children aged under three are presented. The mean symptoms which allow to make a correct diagnosis in these patients are discussed. The results of surgical treatment are good, but diagnosis has not always been an early one. Once more it is shown that acute appendicitis in early infancy is a bad disease, with insidious onset and quick evolution towards the greatest complications. PMID- 7219774 TI - [The importance of pathogenetic factors in duodenal ulcer patients]. PMID- 7219775 TI - [Protein absorption after bilio-pancreatic bypass for obesity]. PMID- 7219776 TI - [Changes in serum cholesterol after biliopancreatic bypass for obesity]. PMID- 7219777 TI - [Personal experience in jejunoileal bypass for the treatment of obesity]. PMID- 7219778 TI - [Role of electromanometry in the intra- and postoperative study of the biliary tract]. PMID- 7219779 TI - [A rare case of duodenal lipoma associated with cholelithiasis and stenosis of Vater's papilla]. PMID- 7219781 TI - [Hypocaloric diet programs for overweight adults]. PMID- 7219780 TI - [A case of gastric leiomyoma]. PMID- 7219782 TI - [A project and basic experiments in intestinal biofeedback]. PMID- 7219783 TI - [Prognostic evaluation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in relation to the Rai classification. Critical analysis of 145 personal cases]. AB - 145 patients suffering from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, observed in the period from 1961 to 1976, were analyzed with regard to prognosis according to following factors: age, sex, Rai staging. Age and sex didn't show to influence median survival. According to Rai staging, and Authors, owing to obtained results, propose a classification in just two stages. PMID- 7219784 TI - [Metabolic compensation and chronic obliterating arteriopathy in diabetes mellitus]. AB - The following parameters were determined in 20 diabetics with chronic obliterating arteriopathy of the lower extremities: C-HDL, apo-A1, apo-B, triglyceridaemia, the glycaemic profile and HbA1c oscillometry, photoplethysmogram and claudication distance on a treadmill. Examination of the results obtained did not show any variation in the lipoproteic picture and only an improvement, in some subjects, in claudication distance. It is therefore hypothesised that in diabetic C-HDL and apo-A1 are not predictive of atherosclerotic risk although it cannot be excluded that changes in such constants may represent a synergetic factor in determining arteriosclerosis. PMID- 7219785 TI - [A case of Crohn's disease associated with ankylosing spondylitis and digital hippocratism]. AB - Some comments are made on the association of chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions and articular manifestations on the basis of a case of Crohn's disease associated with ankylosing spondylitis and digitalic hippocratism. The clinical case is described and the literature on associations observed during Crohn's disease reviewed. Special attention is paid to associations involving ankylosing spondylitis, enteropathic synovitis and hypertrophic osteopathy, particularly as regards the presence of clubbed fingers. PMID- 7219786 TI - [Use of betamethasone in heart surgery]. AB - Clinical experience carried out on 88 high risk patients subjected to open-heart surgery with ECC is reported. The series was subdivided into two groups of patients (A and B) and to these were applied the same surgical and anaesthesiological approaches and the same extracorporeal perfusion technique. In Group B, however, a different method of myocardial protection was employed, in the form of preventive administration of pharmacological doses of betamethasone (3 mg/kg). The results point to a marked reduction in the incidence of postoperative complications in the heart, lungs and bloodstream in Group B compared with Group A. PMID- 7219787 TI - [Mesenteric syndrome following the repair of aortic coarctation. Pathogenetic and clinical findings]. AB - Two cases of mesenteric syndrome were observed in 41 patients undergoing correction of aortic coarctation at the School of Heart and Large Vessel Surgery of the 1st Medical Faculty of Naples University. In the light of the latest theories regarding the pathogenesis of the mesenteric syndrome, post-operative arterial hypertension is held to be a decisive factor in the genesis of the complication. Control of pressure is therefore believed to be of considerable importance in the prevention and treatment of the syndrome. PMID- 7219788 TI - [Findings on chemotherapy of patients with pacemakers]. AB - The usefulness of pharmacological treatment designed to improve the heart's contractile efficiency and help local circulation in wearers of artificial pacemakers is discussed. PMID- 7219789 TI - [Evaluation of the function of heart valve prostheses by Doppler echocardiography. Primary findings]. AB - The authors have executed an investigation on the functional evaluation of the valvular prosthesis, availing themselves of the use of the Echocardiography complete of Doppler effect and executing echocardiography tracings not according to the standard position, but putting the sound in correspondence with the cardiac apex. This method has been considered valid to obtain olways images of the movable element for all the types of the prosthesis and for amy situation of theirs. Furthermore the classic position of the sound can't be respected either for the eventual cardiomegaly, either for the manipulations that the heart undergoes inevitable during the operation, either for the pleurapericardic adhesions, alla factors that induce a change of the anatomic focuses. PMID- 7219790 TI - [Percutaneous punctures guided by echography]. AB - It is possible to carry out percutaneous injections of lesions in any organ under the direction of echography. This is particularly so in the liver, pancreas and kidney. The procedure has been used in 79 patients for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes and has provided very good and promising results. The technique is harmless, causes only minimum discomfort to the patient and, in many cases, enables the routine diagnostic approach to be short-circuited because more laborious, expensive techniques can be avoided. PMID- 7219791 TI - [Clinical study on a new cephalosporin: CGP 9000 (cefroxadine)]. AB - CGP 9000 (cefroxadine), a new cephalosporine derived from N-acyl-3-alkoxy-7-amino 3-cefem-4-carboxylic acid for exclusively oral use, has been experimented on 67 patients, 41 adults and 20 children. CGP 9000 appeared to possess good therapeutic activity, even in low doses: its rapid absorption and moderate sero protein bond are a guarantee of an immediate and almost total bioavailability. PMID- 7219792 TI - [Heart rupture in acute myocardial infarct]. AB - 24 cases of cardiac rupture (CR) (12%) were found in 200 necropsies of patients who died from acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Examination of the various factors that may affect the onset of this complication showed that age, sex, the site of AMI, the presence of coronary thrombosis, the association of persistent arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus or previous angina syndrome and anticoagulant and corticosteroid treatment are insignificant. On the other hand, previous myocardial infarction would appear to reduce incidence considerably. CR was much more frequent in the first 3-4 days after onset of AMI and never occurred more than 21 days after. An important premonitory sign is persistent precordial pain in the absence of pericardial friction. Cardiokinetic therapy was used in 70% of the CR cases examined here. Over the past decade, the frequency of CR secondary to AMI has risen appreciably and it is hypothesised that this increase may have been influenced by the readiness with which cardiokinetics are employed now during AMI, often in very high doses. Particularly in the case of patients at high CR risk, it is considered that cardiokinetic therapy should only be employed in cases of clear cardiac insufficiency, in small, fragmented doses and after diuretics and vasodilators have proved ineffective. Such patients can also usefully be transferred to specialist wards for emergency surgery or preventive infarctectomy. PMID- 7219794 TI - [New concepts in the classification of progressive muscular dystrophies and atrophies]. PMID- 7219793 TI - [A case of primary orthostatic hypotension of the Bradbury-Eggleston type]. AB - A patient with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension not accompanied by other neurologic disorders was examined. Pulmonary function tests demonstrated the failure of the autonomic innervation of airways. A syndrome of chronic primary alveolar hypoventilation was present, with the vocal cord paralysis. The symptoms of neurogenic bladder were also present. While recumbent, the patient had low levels of plasma norepinephrine, that failed to increase after standing and exercising. During Kaplan-Silah test the patient was proved to be supersensitive to intravenously administered norepinephrine and angiotensin. The finding was consistent with the view of peripheral denervation. The syndrome of orthostatic hypotension and other symptoms referable to peripheral autonomic dysfunction, without evidence of central nervous system involvement appears to represent a clinical entity distinct from the Shy-Drager syndrome. It can be defined Bradbury Eggleston syndrome. PMID- 7219795 TI - [The use of lasers in gynecology]. PMID- 7219796 TI - [The value of the calcitonin test in Paget's disease of bone]. AB - Five untreated patients with Paget's disease and one who had been unsuccessfully treated with porcine calcitonin for 2 years were given 20 mg/kg/day disodic ethydronate. Alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline values were examined and the progress of the calcitonin test was followed. In addition to being of great importance and in line with the other two parameters in following the course of the disease, this test was found to be an excellent pointer to the moment when no further response is being obtained from treatment with calcitonin. PMID- 7219797 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of intravenous rifampicin (RMP) and its clinical evaluation in purulent bacterial meningitis]. AB - A combined kinetic and clinical study showed that rifampicin displays good tissue diffusibility, though it may have a tendency to accumulate. A liquor transfer sufficient for the bacteria most commonly responsible for meningeal inflammation was observed; 15/18 cases of purulent bacterial meningitis treated were clinically cured without sequelae, while 1 displayed considerable improvement. Two patients died from unforseen, uncontrollable complications that were not related to administration of the drug. PMID- 7219798 TI - [Lactic acidosis associated with fenformin therapy]. AB - Irreversible lactic acidosis occurred in two phenformin-treated diabetics. In the first case, blood creatinine was 3 mg % ml, arterial blood pH was 7,12 and ketostix was negative; in the second case, blood creatinine was 1,3 mg% ml, arterial blood pH was 7,22 and ketostix was negative. Diabetic patients to be treated with phenformin must always be carefully selected and this treatment should be reserved for cases where there is a precise indication. Lactic acidosis may occur even in the presence of almost normal serum creatinine concentrations. PMID- 7219800 TI - [Lymphocyte immunoreactivity in subjects vaccinated with Calmette-Guerin bacillus (BCG)]. AB - PHA, Pokeweed and PPD lymphocytes transformation in vitro was studied in four groups of people. One group was negative to PPD skin testing; one was positive for a "naturally" acquired infection; the third group were people vaccinated with BCG in the last year; fourth group people vaccinated with BCG within one and five years. Last two groups had generally low or negative reaction to PPD skin test. PPD was used at different concentration, from 0.025 to 35 microgram/ml; maximum stimulation was at 1 microgram/ml. Stimulation index was lower in vaccinated people than in "natural" positive. Lymphocytes of people vaccinated from more than one year showed no difference from PPD negative people. Highly significant difference was observed between these two groups and people "naturally" positive and within one year of vaccination. We discuss our data and interpret the findings as showing that there are less PPD sensitive lymphocytes in patients vaccinated with BCG than in people with a "natural" infection and that this circulating population of lymphocytes disappears or decreases in the years following vaccination. PMID- 7219799 TI - [Informative note on the International Professional Union of Gynecologists and Obstetricians and European Union of Medical Specialists]. PMID- 7219801 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarct]. AB - A brief overview of the relevant literature is followed by the presentation of data obtained in a series of 389 males and 127 females admitted for acute myocardial infarct between 1-1-1974 and 31-12-1978. Diabetes mellitus was more common in these patients (13.9% in males and 12.5% in females) than in the general population (5%). PMID- 7219802 TI - [Kinetic and clinical study of bacampicillin]. AB - A mean plasma concentration curve, with peaks within the first hour and moderate individual variations, was obtained after a single administration of 800 mg of bacampicillin to 5 healthy volunteers. An adequate antibiotic transfer from the circulation to the bronchial apparatus was demonstrated. Treatment of 34 patients suffering from ampicillin-sensitive bacterial diseases permitted clinical cure of all patients, without onset of side-effects. It is concluded that bacampicillin is preferable to oral ampicillin because of its kinetic and tolerance features. PMID- 7219805 TI - [The determination of fetal sex by real-time echography]. PMID- 7219804 TI - [Transitory bisalbuminemia secondary to pancreatitis with ascitic effusion]. AB - A case of transient bisalbuminemia secondary to pancreatitis with ascites is described. The bisalbumin was of the "fast" type and disappeared after sixty days of therapy. The clinical and pathological implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7219803 TI - [Unilateral rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - The authors describe a case of left monolateral rheumatoid arthritis of a patient who nine years previously presented ischemic cerebral lesion resulting in right emiparesis. It should be noted that rheumatoid arthritis appears clinically and radiologically monolateral, whereas from a histological viewpoint the lesions are always bilateral. This brings to mind previously advanced hypothesis to explain this rare expression of rheumatoid arthritis. In conclusion the main factor for articular protection is the rest period induced by the stroke. PMID- 7219806 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of real-time echography in the diagnosis of pelvic tumors]. PMID- 7219808 TI - [Radiographic imaging of Gartner's ducts. A clinical case]. PMID- 7219807 TI - [Ultrasonic evaluation of insufficient intrauterine growth of the fetus by the combined measurements of B.P.D. and A.P.A.D]. PMID- 7219809 TI - [Results of radiation therapy with fast electrons in 24 cases of cancer of the vulva]. PMID- 7219810 TI - [Sexuality and contraception. A study of 548 female university students]. PMID- 7219811 TI - [Ligation of the hypogastric artery]. PMID- 7219812 TI - [Comparative study of old and young patients on their tolerance to major gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 7219813 TI - [Automatic intravenous perfusion of oxytocin in labor induction]. PMID- 7219814 TI - [Labor induction with automatic intravenous perfusion of PGF2-alpha]. PMID- 7219815 TI - [Treatment of pelvic endometriosis with danazol]. PMID- 7219816 TI - [The use of prostaglandin F2-alpha in obstetrics]. PMID- 7219817 TI - [Clinical contribution of a case of a pregnant woman with portocaval shunt and previous splenectomy]. PMID- 7219819 TI - [Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina. An aspect of juvenile gynecologic pathology. Description of a case]. PMID- 7219818 TI - [Mixed mesodermal tumor of the ovary]. PMID- 7219820 TI - [Evaluation of fetal growth by measurement of the symphysis-uterine fundus distance]. PMID- 7219821 TI - [Botryoid sarcoma of the uterus. Clinical and anatomical considerations]. PMID- 7219822 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of sex using ultrasounds]. PMID- 7219824 TI - [Clinical notes on hyperventilation in the course of post-partum eclampsia. A review of 18 cases]. PMID- 7219823 TI - [Maternal-fetal pathology in twin delivery]. PMID- 7219825 TI - [Association between adenocarcinoma and tuberculous endometritis]. PMID- 7219826 TI - [Anorectogenital malformations in the woman: a case of anovaginal atresia and a case of vulvoperineal abnormality]. PMID- 7219827 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of fetal sex with real time ultrasonography]. PMID- 7219828 TI - [Echography as an aide in the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic masses]. PMID- 7219829 TI - [Use of dopaminergic drugs (pyridoxine, 2-bromo-alpha-ergocriptine, piribedil) in blocking lactation]. PMID- 7219830 TI - [Side effects of extra-amniotic PGF2 alpha in the induction of labor in retained abortion and in the intrauterine death of the fetus]. PMID- 7219831 TI - [Effects of immunosuppressive drugs on the fetal-placental unit]. PMID- 7219832 TI - [Influence of high doses of ritodrine on basal cardiotocographic tracing during pregnancy]. PMID- 7219833 TI - [Induction of childbirth with an association of prostaglandin F2 alpha an oxytocin]. PMID- 7219834 TI - [Criteria for the effect of thalassotherapy in gynecology]. PMID- 7219835 TI - [Further notes on the topical use of tranexamic acid in the treatment of gynecological hemorrhage]. PMID- 7219838 TI - Principles and practice of control of meningococcal disease in Norway. AB - An effective control of meningococcal disease must be based on an understanding of the epidemiological situation and knowledge about the natural history of the disease. The relationship between the infecting agent, its source, the route of transmission, and the susceptible host ("the chain of infection") should be defined. After a discussion on principles, the practice of control of meningococcal disease in Norway during the last five years is described. Control measures must at present be directed towards patients and high risk contacts. Control measures also include education of health personnel, information to the public, and research. PMID- 7219837 TI - [Cardiac surgery in pregnancy with particular regard to mitral commissurotomy. Clinical contribution]. PMID- 7219836 TI - [Usefulness of a new antispasmodic drug, rociverine, in dynamic dystocia]. PMID- 7219840 TI - The in vitro activity of cefamandole against 3312 bacterial isolates. A Norwegian multicentre study. AB - In a multicentre study the in vitro activity of cefamandole against 3312 bacterial isolates was compared to the antibacterial activity of cephalothin, ampicillin, oxacillin, doxycycline and tobramycin. Cefamandole and tobramycin showed the highest activity against the Enterobacteriaceae isolates, whereas the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were slightly less sensitive to cefamandole than to cephalothin and oxacillin. There was no significant difference between the activity of cephalothin and cefamandole against the isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and enterococci. PMID- 7219841 TI - Coverage for meningococcal disease in the Norwegian morbidity and mortality statistics. With reference to incidence and fatality trends. AB - The case coverage for meningococcal (MC) disease in the old notification system (ending 1974) in Norway was estimated at 52%. In contrast, an estimate for the new system (MSIS) is 76%. The latter is considered to verify the 72% found earlier. Adjustments for coverage resulted in a 160% increase in incidence from 1967-73 to 1974-79, whereas the unadjusted figure was 246%. A new estimate of MC death registration coverage is 78%, which verifies the 82% found earlier. Case fatality ratios in the two periods are 10.9% and 10.5% when adjusted, compared with 17.1% and 12.4% when unadjusted. Coverage estimates seem relatively stable, but if they were to be put under surveillance with the help of a sampling scheme, broader application and more appropriate confidence levels might be obtained for routine data. PMID- 7219842 TI - HLA histocompatibility antigens and meningococcal disease. AB - We have searched for possible associations between HLA antigens and meningococcal disease. Forty-three unrelated patients who recovered from meningococcal disease were typed for 37 HLA-A, -B and -C antigens, and 20 of them were also typed for eight HLA-DR antigens. As compared to healthy controls, a higher frequency of the HLA-A3 antigen was found among patients recovered from meningococcal septicaemia, but the difference was not statistically significant. Nor was there any significant association between other HLA antigens and meningococcal disease. This is in contrast to a recent report by Russian researchers who found a significant association between the HLA-B16 antigen and meningococcal disease. PMID- 7219843 TI - Meningococcal infections in a district hospital. Some clinical observations and therapeutic experiences during an epidemic in North Norway. AB - From 1974 to 1980, 70 patients with meningococcal disease were treated in the Harstad district hospital. Six patients died (8.6%). The prognostic score system of Niklasson gave an average of 2.31 for unfavourable factors which is high as compared to other studies. The percentage of high risk patients (score higher than three) was 24.3. Fifty-four patients were treated with benzylpenicillin as the sole antibacterial agent. The standard duration of therapy was five days, which is shorter than commonly recommended. Meningococci of serogroup B were most often isolated; nearly all of them sulphonamide resistant. PMID- 7219839 TI - Viral hepatitis among prisoners in Norway. AB - The present survey reveals high frequencies of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in criminals committed to prison in Norway compared to the general population. The high rate of antigen carriers and the intramural supply of illicit drugs constitute a threat to fellow prisoners regarding viral hepatitis as well as drug addiction. PMID- 7219844 TI - Epidemiological patterns of meningococcal disease in Norway 1975-1979. AB - Using official notification figures for 1975-79, the recent meningococcal (MC) epidemic in Norway is described and related briefly to historical and international trends. This is the fourth major MC epidemic in Norway. Such epidemics have occurred at intervals of about 30 years. Apparent morbidity and mortality are presented in relation to time, region, serogroup, age and sex. Main characteristics of this epidemic are long duration, higher attack rates in North Norway and Mid-Norway, and in the winter/spring months, and a relatively high case fatality. The start of the epidemic coincided with a development of serogroup B predominance, following a shift from sulphonamide sensitivity to sulphonamide resistance in the majority of causative strains isolated shortly before. Morbidity peaks are observed in the second half of the first year of life (the highest rate) and among the age-group 14-17 years, with more male cases than female cases in the first three years of life. Case fatality appears to be high in the first five years of life, and even higher in the age-group 20 years and above. In the youngest age-groups and among adults, the case fatality is higher for males. The features of the epidemic are discussed in the light of coverage in official statistics of true occurrence of morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7219845 TI - Prognostic factors in meningococcal disease. AB - Two groups of prognostic factors in meningococcal disease can be distinguished. One group is associated with fatal outcome and the other with permanent psychoneurological sequelae. A review of the literature is given and the results discussed. The importance of selecting prognostic factors that reflect central events in the pathogenesis is stressed. The factors can then be used as a well standardized means to describe the degree of illness in a patient or a group of patients. A basis for comparison of patient groups from different times and places as well as patient groups treated in different ways is thus established. PMID- 7219846 TI - Meningococcal disease--treatment of patients and household contacts below the age of 15 years. AB - Based on extensive experience and studies, some guidelines for the treatment of meningococcal disease are presented. The physician should be watchful for signs of meningococcal disease in its early phases and be ready to institute antibiotic and fluid therapy immediately. During transport of the patient to hospital, emergency medical treatment should be continued, and the hospital personnel should be alerted to receive the patient. At the hospital, a team of physicians should be ready to deal with the ventilatory, circulatory, fluid and electrolyte problems, and other complications of meningococcaemia, as well as to ensure administration of appropriate therapy. Antibiotic therapy for household contacts should be instituted as rapidly as possible. In this way it is hoped that the toll from this devastating infection in Norway may be lessened. PMID- 7219848 TI - [The significance of serum proline iminopeptidase in the early diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy]. PMID- 7219847 TI - [Urinary calculosis. Degree of saturation and inhibitors under conditions of hypertonic, normotonic and hypotonic expansion of extracellular liquids]. PMID- 7219849 TI - [3 years' experience in the prevention of recurrent calcic nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 7219850 TI - [The significance of IgM deposits in glomerular nephropathies. Clinico morphological study]. PMID- 7219851 TI - [Tissue fibrinolysis in primary and secondary glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7219852 TI - [Platelet mediators of vascular permeability and phlogosis]. PMID- 7219853 TI - [Ultrastructural changes indicative of previous acute glomerulonephritis in proliferative mesangial glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7219854 TI - [Hyperkalemia with tubular acidosis and short stature]. PMID- 7219857 TI - [Acute renal failure in the aged. Study of 60 cases over age 70]. PMID- 7219856 TI - [Treatment of a hypercalcemic crisis in a myelomatous patient under chronic hemodialysis. The role of calcitonin]. PMID- 7219859 TI - [Urine concentration and dilution in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7219858 TI - [Renal failure caused by renal angiomyolipoma . 2 cases of which one is a pregnancy at term]. PMID- 7219855 TI - [Renal involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Anatomo clinical study of 7 cases]. PMID- 7219860 TI - [Improvement of impotence, taste and olfactory deficits in periodically hemodialyzed patients treated with zinc chloride]. PMID- 7219861 TI - [Amino acid composition of peptides with molecular weight between 500 and 1500 daltons isolated from uremic and normal sera]. PMID- 7219862 TI - [Regeneration of diafiltrate by cool carbon in a close-circuit system]. PMID- 7219863 TI - The median subcallosal fasciculus in the monkey: a unique prefrontal corticostriate and corticocortical pathway revealed by anterogradely transported horseradish peroxidase. AB - Using the remarkable capability of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) neurohistochemistry to delinate anterogradely transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following HRP gel implants in the prearcuate prefrontal cortex of macaque and cebus monkeys, this study revealed bilateral projections to the caudate nucleus and inferior parietal lobule that followed the median subcallosal fasciculus, a rostrocaudally running, midline trajectory located between the body of the corpus callosum and the fornix. This seemingly aberrant fascicle runs through the septum pellucidum from the genu to the splenium of the corpus callosum, and gives off fibers bilaterally to the body of the caudate nucleus and inferior parietal lobule. The description of this unique pathway re-emphasizes the close relationship that exists between the granular frontal and inferior parietal cortices, and the striatum, and explains earlier observations based upon silver degeneration and autoradiographic studies, of prefrontal corticofugal projections to the septum and fornix. PMID- 7219865 TI - The superior and inferior salivatory nuclei in the rat. AB - The locations of the inferior and superior salivatory nuclei in the rat were determined by bathing the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the chorda tympani with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in different series of rats. The results demonstrated that the salivatory nuclei extend from the rostral medulla through the caudal pons. The inferior salivatory nucleus is composed of small to medium-sized neurons located in the ventrolateral portion of the reticular formation. It extends from a level at the rostral border of the nucleus ambiguus to the caudal part of the genu of the facial nerve. The superior salivatory nucleus differs in that it is composed of small to medium-sized neurons located in the dorsolateral portion of the reticular formation. It extends from a level at the caudal border of the facial nucleus through the genu of the facial nerve. PMID- 7219866 TI - Diamide, a sulfhydryl reagent, modifies the light response of Limulus ventral photoreceptors. AB - Responses to light were recorded intracellularly from Limulus ventral photoreceptors during the application of diamide, a sulfhydryl oxidizing agent. At diamide concentrations of over 0.5 mM there was a brief phase of increased response followed by a marked decrease. Diamide also prolonged the response latency, and in several cases increased the frequency of spontaneous discrete waves. At concentrations of 0.25 mM and below, the response only increased. Although the underlying mechanisms of these effects are not understood, these findings may be significant for the understanding of transduction in photoreceptors. PMID- 7219864 TI - Projections to the spinal cord from neurons close to the ventral surface of the hindbrain in the rat. AB - Neurons located within 100 micron of the ventral surface of the hindbrain were labeled following injections of horseradish peroxidase into the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord in the rat. Labeled neurons were distributed into two groups, one ventrolateral to the inferior olive and ventral to the facial nucleus, and one ventral to the raphe pallidus. The location of the ventrolateral subpial group is very similar to that of the brain stem chemosensitive zones, and suggests that the neurons in this group may be important in cardiovascular regulation. PMID- 7219868 TI - Inhibition of rubro-spinal cells by somesthetic afferent activity. AB - A somesthetic inhibitory projection onto rubrospinal cells in the cat is described. It is suggested that the pathway, which is not dependent upon an intact cerebellum or motor cortex, travels through the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. The second order neurons seem to impinge upon inhibitory interneurons situated within the red nucleus itself. The burst activity in such interneurons might account for the IPSPs seen in rubro-spinal cells. In agreement with the idea that the red nucleus may be part of a feed-back loop through the periphery, the pathway described here could be the link giving suppression of rubral activity during some phases of limb movement. PMID- 7219867 TI - Intracellular responses in the centrum medianum-parafascicular complex of the cat following medial and lateral caudate, substantia nigra and peripheral stimulation. AB - Caudate, nigral and somatosensory stimulation generates brief EPSPs followed by prolonged IPSPs in thalamic neurons of the centromedian-parafascicular complex. A 300 msec long hyperpolarization and inhibition of neuronal excitability represents the predominant effect by virtue of its duration, intensity and constancy. The brief excitatory response which precedes the inhibition is more variable, depending largely upon the site of basal ganglia stimulation. EPSPs tend to remain subthreshold for lateral caudate stimulation whereas medial caudate, medial nigral and somatosensory stimulation usually generates an action potential prior to the inhibitory phase. Double shock stimulation of basal ganglia and limbs at variable intervals demonstrates the predominance of powerful inhibitory interactions between striatonigral and sensory inputs. The existence of these interactions indicates the importance of temporal factors in determining the momentary response of medial thalamic neurons. PMID- 7219871 TI - Dopaminergic mediation of reward: evidence gained using a natural reinforcer in a behavioral contrast paradigm. AB - Previous studies suggest a dopaminergic basis for the apparent reward properties of self-stimulation of certain brain areas with electrical current. The data of this present study indicate that there may be a dopaminergic role in the perceived hedonic quality of natural reinforcers. Using a classical behavioral contrast paradigm, we observed in rats that the perceived reward of a saccharin solution was decreased by haloperidol and increased by apomorphine, in doses that did not cause non-specific performance effects. PMID- 7219872 TI - Anatomical and electrophysiological demonstration of tectotectal pathway in the golden hamster. AB - Both the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and extracellular single unit recording have been employed to demonstrate the existence of an intertectal pathway in the golden hamster. The cells of origin of this projection are located primarily in the stratum griseum intermediate and stratum griseum profundum of the anterior one-half of the colliculus and respond, in most cases, only to somatosensory stimuli. These findings cast doubt on the recently proposed generalization [13] that this pathway may be rudimentary or even absent in animals with limited collicular binocularity or a small ipsilateral hemifield representation in the colliculus. PMID- 7219870 TI - Monamine oxidase activity in bovine retina: subcellular distribution and drug sensitivities. AB - The activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and -B in subcellular fractions of bovine retina were determined using serotonin and beta-phenylethylamine, respectively, as substrates. The subcellular fractions were a P1 fraction containing photoreceptor cell synaptosomes and a P2 fraction enriched with small synaptosomes derived from the inner plexiform layer. MAO activities in the homogenate and P1 fraction were similar and lower than those in the P2 fraction for both MAO-A and -B. The activity of MAO-B was greater than that of MAO-A in all fractions, but the relative distribution of MAO-A and -B did not change in the different fractions. Studies using various MAO inhibitors showed effects which were generally similar to those seen in brain. These results provide further support for the localization of terminals of retinal monamine-containing neurons to the inner plexiform layer and suggest that pharmacological modification of MAO activity in the retina could play an important role in retinal function via changes in monoamine metabolism. PMID- 7219869 TI - A silent period in sural muscle occurring prior to the voluntary forward inclination of the body. AB - A silent period lasting for 300-500 msec was observed in triceps surae muscle when the subject inclined forward from the normal standing. This silent period preceded 100 msec or more the beginning of the body inclination and was terminated by an abrupt refiring in the midst of the body swing. The silence was not preceded by the increase in activity of the sural muscle itself or any other leg muscles studied. H-reflex in soleus was strongly inhibited or disappeared during the silent period, indicating that the excitability of the spinal motoneurons was greatly decreased during this period. These findings suggest that the silent period was not induced by some reflex activity in the spinal cord, but was caused by the inhibitory activity based on a central program on the spinal motoneurons. PMID- 7219873 TI - Autoradiographic and electron microscopic degeneration evidence for axonal sprouting in the rat corticopontine system. AB - Newborn (2 or 3 days postnatal) rats were subjected to unilateral cerebral cortical lesions involving much of the anterior (sensorimotor) cortical surface in the right hemisphere. Three months later, the survivors were divided into two groups, one group receiving a [3H]leucine injection in the left sensorimotor cortex and the other sustaining a lesion involving the left sensorimotor cortex. Routine autoradiographic studies in the first group revealed abnormally dense axonal and terminal labeling in the pontine gray contralateral to the leucine injected hemisphere, suggesting that much of the label was due to sprouting from intact corticopontine axons into the neonatally deafferented pontine gray. In the group with a second (adult) cortical lesion contralateral to the neonatal ablation, degenerating axons and boutons were abundant in the pontine gray contralateral to the adult lesion and at least some of these were interpreted to represent sprouted corticopontine axons and their terminals. PMID- 7219874 TI - Kainic acid affects both plexiform layers of chicken retina. AB - Intraocular injections of kainic acid produce marked lesions of the chicken retina. Low doses (6-20 nmol/retina) appear to cause lesions of the inner part of the retina, primarily involving amacrine cells. At around 60 nmol/retina there is a qualitative change in the nature of the lesion, as the horizontal and bipolar cells begin to degenerate. Higher doses of kainic acid lead to disappearance of both the outer and inner plexiform layers. At all doses used, the photoreceptors and ganglion cells survive exposure to kainic acid. Low doses of kainic acid reduce the content of the amacrine and horizontal cell markers acetylcholine and gamma-amino-butyric acid, but have little effect upon taurine. These results are consistent with a role for glutamic and/or aspartic acid as bipolar cell and photoreceptor transmitters. PMID- 7219875 TI - Autogenetic recurrent inhibition of individual spinal motoneurones of the cat. AB - In the spinal cord of cats, simultaneous recordings were made from single Renshaw cells (extracellular) and single motoneurones (intracellular). In a total of 5 cases, the two cells of such a pair showed mutual synaptic interactions: single motoneurone spikes excited the Renshaw cell, and Renshaw cell spikes caused the appearance of short-latency hyperpolarizing potential changes in the motoneurone. Unidirectional interactions were also seen: in two cases motoneurones excited Renshaw cells from which they received no inhibition, and in 7 cases Renshaw cells caused hyperpolarizing potential changes in motoneurones from which they received no excitation. The inhibitory effect of a single Renshaw cell onto a motoneurone was very weak (average 12.7 microV; range 1.5-54 microV hyperpolarization; n = 12. PMID- 7219876 TI - Erroneous classification of neuronal activity by the respiratory modulation index. AB - Failure to record respiratory activity in the mesencephalon of the chronic cat led us to analyze the formula (the respiratory modulation index, RMI) used by Hugelin and his colleagues to discriminate respiratory neurons. Using computer simulations, we compared RMI with the analysis of variance (F) and the non parametric Friedman's test (chi 2). Samples were drawn repeatedly from simulated distributions of neuronal activity and were allocated to successive bins representing the respiratory cycle. Allocations of bins were made randomly so that only a chance relationship existed between the simulated activity and respiratory cycle. These simulations revealed that the RMI erroneously yields values indicative of a respiratory relationship and does so as a function of sample size and the variability and shape of the distribution of non-respiratory activity. Although some of the simulated conditions violated assumptions of the F test and, to a lesser degree, the chi 2, these statistics erred at rates close to the chosen 5% level. When respiratory activity was stimulated, chi 2 and F were more sensitive than RMI in detecting the relationship. We conclude that the high incidence of respiratory activity reported by the Hugelin group is based upon a faulty statistic and is highly questionable. PMID- 7219877 TI - Changes in ERG b-wave and Muller cell structure induced by alpha-aminoadipic acid. AB - The role of the Muller cell in the generation of the ERG b-wave was studied in the skate eye by examining the effects of a gliotoxic agent (alpha-aminoadipic acid; alpha-AAA) on retinal structure and function. Superfusing the eyecup for 1 h in 50 mM alpha-AAA resulted in the loss of the b-wave and extensive damage to glial cells, i.e. disruption of the cells' plasma membranes, and a marked loss of cytoplasmic substance. Of the other retinal elements, only the horizontal cells showed some signs of injury in alpha-AAA. On returning the retina to a normal Ringer solution, the widespread loss of cytoplasmic electron density persisted, but the Muller cell membranes appeared to have undergone repair, and the b-wave recovered fully its normal amplitude and waveform. PMID- 7219879 TI - Effects of estrogens on the responses of caudate neurons to microiontophoretically applied dopamine. AB - The electrical activity of caudate neurons and their response to iontophoretically applied dopamine (DA) were tested at different time intervals before and after i.m. injection of estradiol benzoate in rats ovariectomized one week previously. One hundred and three neurons were recorded before estradiol injection and, of these, 25% were spontaneously active and 75% were driven by glutamate. The firing activity of the majority (86%) of the neurons was inhibited on application of DA. At 2--6 after the estradiol injections, the proportion of spontaneously active neurons was elevated to 87% and their firing rate was dramatically increased. Concomitantly, the proportion of cells affected by DA decreased to 39%; moreover, the majority of cells responsive to DA was now excited following it. We conclude that estrogens are able to influence the global activity of caudate neurons and to reverse their sensitivity to DA. This action may be partly mediated by the pituitary since it was not observed in ovariectomized rats which were also hypophysectomized. PMID- 7219878 TI - Biphasic response of hippocampal pyramidal neurons to GABA. AB - GABA released either iontophoretically or synaptically near pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampal slice could produce a biphasic response: a hyperpolarization followed by a depolarization. The depolarizing component elicited by either method was accompanied by an increased membrane conductance, and a reduction in neuronal discharge. The depolarization was reversed at a potential which was less negative than the resting membrane potential; it was blocked by antagonists of GABA action such as picrotoxin; it was sensitive to manipulation of extracellular chloride concentration; and it persisted in the presence of concentrations of cobalt or manganese which were sufficient to block evoked synaptic activity. Iontophoresis of GABA near the apical dendrites elicited an initial depolarization rather than an initial hyperpolarization, suggesting a dendritic origin for the depolarizing component. Together, these results suggest that GABA can produce, in the same neuron, both hyperpolarizing and depolarizing responses which depend at least in part upon changes in chloride conductances. PMID- 7219880 TI - Effects of the interaction between methysergide and clonidine on growth hormone and prolactin secretion in normal man. AB - The effects of methysergide (1 mg, p.o.), clonidine (50 micrograms, i.m.) and methysergide plus clonidine on growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion in 8 normal male volunteers have been studied. Both methysergide and clonidine were found to enhance GH and to lower PRL plasma levels. The effects of methysergide are explained on the basis of a preferential action of methysergide metabolites on dopamine receptors, whereas the effects of clonidine are attributed to a stimulatory action on adrenaline receptors. The combined treatment methysergide plus clonidine resulted in a potentiation of the effects caused by the drugs when administered alone. PMID- 7219882 TI - Depression of cerebral glucose utilization during animal hypnosis in the rabbit. AB - The rates of local cerebral glucose utilization have been measured in normal conscious and hypnotized rabbits by the [14C]deoxyglucose method. In control rabbits the rates vary widely throughout the brain, with the values in gray matter broadly distributed around an average which is about 3 times greater than that of white matter. The higher values area in structures of auditory system (superior olive, inferior colliculus, auditory cortex). Animal hypnosis reduces the rates of glucose utilization in all structures of the rabbit brain, particularly in the caudate nucleus, putamen and sensory and motor cortices. PMID- 7219883 TI - Sensitization of the perioral biting reflex by intranigral GABA agonist after detelencephalization. AB - Unilateral injection of 160 ng (0.4 microliter) of muscimol into the substantia nigra pars reticulata of rats elicits contraversive turning and simultaneously sensitizes the perioral biting reflex on the side of the face contralateral to the injected substantia nigra. Bilateral removal of the telencephalon eliminated neither the muscimol-induced behavior nor the peroral biting reflex. PMID- 7219881 TI - Corticosterone binding capacity increases in contralateral hippocampus after partial unilateral hippocampectomy. AB - After unilateral dorsal hippocampectomy the binding of [3H]corticosterone to cytosol receptors in contralateral hippocampus was measured. For estimation of binding capacity the adrenals were removed bilaterally 24 h prior to sacrifice. The apparent maximal binding capacity (Bmax) for corticosterone in the contralateral hippocampus lobe was increased by 74 and 41%, respectively, 10 and 20 days after surgery. The data reveal a novel aspect of steroid receptor capacity control. It is suggested that compensation of altered amounts of receptor sites is an intrinsic property of the hippocampal corticosterone receptor system. PMID- 7219884 TI - An 'on the slide' modification of the De Olmos-Heimer horseradish peroxidase method. AB - The De Olmos-Heimer horseradish peroxidase method has been simplified without losing its sensitivity. The modification involves the use of cryostat sections and omitting several steps from the original procedure. The modification is especially suitable for small pieces of tissue that would otherwise require imbedding. PMID- 7219885 TI - Uncrossed retinal fibers terminating in the superior colliculus of the albino rat. PMID- 7219886 TI - Evidence of a collateralized climbing fiber projection from the inferior olive to the flocculus and vestibular nuclei in rabbits. AB - In albino rabbits, horseradish peroxidase injections confined to vestibular nuclei retrogradely labeled neurons in the dorsal cap of the contralateral inferior olive. Mapping with stimulating electrodes revealed that stimulation of the lateral aspect of the medial vestibular nucleus and the medial aspect of the inferior vestibular nucleus evoked field potentials representing antidromic activation of contralateral dorsal cap neurons. These responses interfered with the antidromic response evoked from the contralateral flocculus and orthodromic responses evoked from the contralateral retina, suggesting that dorsal cap neurons which both receive retinal input and project to the flocculus send collaterals to vestibular nuclei. PMID- 7219889 TI - Whiskers and barrels: irreversible induction, or ipsilateral maintenance? AB - Section of the maxillary nerve on post-natal day 3 prevents the formation of barrels in the contralateral sensory cortex, whereas on day 4 the barrels are secure and remain so indefinitely after section of the nerve. The latter result has now been found to be true even if the ipsilateral nerve is cut as well. Thus barrels are irreversibly induced on day 4 by some influence that ascends the contralateral maxillary nerve, and their continued existence after contralateral nerve section is not due to a maintaining influence from the ipsilateral nerve. PMID- 7219888 TI - Star shaped neurons in the substantia gelatinosa of the adult cat spinal cord. AB - The neurons of the substantia gelatinosa (SG) were examined in Golgi preparations taken from the lumbosacral spinal cord of the adult cat. In addition to several types of characteristic SG neurons, a small number of star shaped neurons were observed in the inner zone of the SG. The star shaped neurons have a polygonal shaped cell body with numerous, short primary and secondary dendrites which extend radially from the soma in a star shaped fashion. Both the cell body and dendrites of the star shaped neuron have an irregular craggy contour. The star shaped cell has not been previously reported in adult animals. There is, however, a strong structural similarity between the star shaped neuron and immature, undifferentiated SG neurons described in newborn animals. The possible significance of the star shaped neuron is discussed. PMID- 7219887 TI - Topographical representation of the hypoglossal nerve branches and tongue muscles in the hypoglossal nucleus of macaque monkeys. AB - Representation of the hypoglossal nerve branches and tongue muscles was examined in the hypoglossal nucleus of macaques by the horseradish peroxidase method. The nucleus was divided cytoarchitectonically into the medial and lateral divisions at rostral levels, and into the mediodorsal, medioventral, ventral and laterodorsal divisions at caudal levels. The medial, mediodorsal, medioventral and ventral divisions supplied the medial branch. The lateral and laterodorsal divisions supplied the lateral branch. The geniohyoid motoneurons (MN) composed the ventral division. The genioglossus MN were clustered dorsally in the medial division. The hyoglossus and styloglossus MN were located most laterally in the laterodorsal division. PMID- 7219892 TI - Effects of stimulation on the multiquantal spontaneous synaptic potentials in guinea pig hypogastric ganglia. AB - Loss frequency (0.5-2 Hz) stimulation of the preganglionic nerve produced calcium ion (Ca2+)-dependent increases in the frequency of spontaneous synaptic potentials recorded from guinea-pig hypogastric ganglion cells. The increased frequency was accompanied by a marked increase in the proportion of multiquantal spontaneous potentials and this was also dependent on extracellular Ca2+. The latter effect was interpreted as an increase in the degree of bursting within the spontaneous release process, supporting the hypothesis that the bursting is related to the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. PMID- 7219891 TI - Chemically defined medium enhances bioelectric activity in mouse spinal cord dorsal root ganglion cultures. AB - Co-cultures of mouse spinal cord with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures were grown either in horse serum (HS)-supplemented medium or in a serum-free, chemically defined medium (CDM). The cytoarchitecture of cord--DRG explants was fully retained in CDM, with little or no distortion due to flattening of the explant, as is invariably observed in HS-supplemented cultures. Functional properties such as bioelectric activity and DRG--spinal cord interconnectivity were well sustained in CDM. PMID- 7219893 TI - Role of vestibular nuclei in 'optic' nystagmus. AB - Horizontal eye nystagmus beating towards the stimulated side ('optic' nystagmus) was evoked in 25 guinea pigs by stimulating an optic nerve. The complete ablation of the vestibular nuclear complex abolished this nystagmus. In a second group of 15 animals, the behavior of 63 vestibular neurons identified electrophysiologically was analyzed during eye nystagmus; most of these neurons responded with a tonic increase in discharge rate to stimulation of the optic nerves. Units sensitive to the direction of optic and labyrinthine nystagmus were also identified. PMID- 7219894 TI - Effects of chronic estrogen treatment on dopamine concentrations and turnover in discrete brain nuclei of ovariectomized rats. AB - We investigated the effects of chronic estrogen treatment in ovariectomized rats on the concentration of dopamine in 33 discrete brain nuclei. In order to assess estrogen's influence on dopamine turnover, some of the rats were administered alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. Estrogen treatment reduced the concentrations of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens septi, striatum, median eminence, nucleus anterior hypothalami, nucleus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus arcuate IV-V, area ventralis tegmenti, interpeduncular nucleus and nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis. Treatment was without effect on dopamine turnover in all areas studied. PMID- 7219895 TI - Waking and dreaming mentation: a test of their interrelationship. AB - The relationship of dream content to the immediate pre- and post-sleep mentation of the dreamer was studied using the electrophysiologically defined state of REM (rapid eye movement sleep) as dream collection time. The subjects were 20 male and 20 female volunteers, ages 18 to 25. Each slept for three non-consecutive nights in the laboratory and had REM awakenings and pre- and post-sleep verbal content collected. REM reports and waking verbal samples were scored on 18 Hall Van de Castle content scales. The interscorer agreement of two judges was 0.90. Product moment correlations were performed on each of the 18 content categories between content of the REM reports and of the waking verbal samples. Across all 40 subjects, 9 out of 18 correlations were statistically significant and 14 of the 18 were positive. The zero-mu test indicated that the distribution of the 18 correlations was significantly different from zero. Thus it can be concluded that dream content is related to the psychological parameters of waking life, in a continuous rather than compensatory manner. PMID- 7219890 TI - Effects of extracts of denervated muscles on the morphology of cultured muscle cells. AB - Previously, trophic effects of extracts from whole chick embryos and from innervated muscles on cultured muscle cells were described. The present study demonstrated similar effects of extracts from 10-days denervated chick muscles. Extracts from innervated as well as from denervated muscles exsanguinated in vivo with saline prior to dissection showed only marginal trophic activity, suggesting a major contribution of serum components to the trophic effects of tissue extracts. Indeed, serum of adult chicks appeared to have a trophic action similar to that of chick embryo extract. PMID- 7219896 TI - Studies on interrelationship between vitamins E and B-complex. AB - 16 normal male adult volunteers belonging to the low socioeconomic class were investigated to study the interrelationship between vitamins E and B-complex. Vitamin E in the form of dl-alpha-tocopherylacetate at a dose of 100 mg thrice daily was administered either singly or in combination with B-complex, pyridoxine or riboflavin. Results of the study have shown that the increase in plasma tocopherol level in the group receiving vitamin E alone was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) compared to the groups receiving vitamin E along with B complex or riboflavin. PMID- 7219897 TI - Body lipids of guinea pigs exposed to different dietary fats from mid-gestation to 3 months of age. V. The fatty acid composition of brain lipids at birth. AB - Pregnant guinea pigs were fed on one of three diets: a commercial low-fat diet or a high-fat diet containing either maize oil or beef dripping. The young were killed at birth, the brain removed and dissected into three regions; the cerebellum, cerebrum and stem. The fatty acid composition of the major phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was determined using gas chromatography. Compared with those fed the commercial or beef dripping diet the brain of the young of mothers fed maize oil during pregnancy had an increased percentage of linoleic acid and of its long-chain derivatives arachidonic acid and docosapentaenoic acid and a lower percentage of docosahexaenoic acid. These changes occurred in both lipid classes and in all regions of the brain. The results demonstrate that the fatty acid composition of the brain lipids of newborn guinea pigs can be influenced by the nature of the maternal dietary fat consumed during the last weeks of pregnancy. PMID- 7219898 TI - [Effects of propionic acid metabolic precursors in biotin-deprived rats]. AB - Biotin deficiency induced in the rat, with a biotin-deficient diet but with added avidin involves clinical symptoms of deficiency as well as an important drop (80%) in propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity in the liver, heart and kidneys. But major biochemical anomalies (ketoacidosis and increased urinary elimination of propionic acid), characteristic of propionic acidaemia due to propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency in man, are not observed in the rat. Nevertheless, abnormal urinary elimination of methylcitrate and tiglylglycine reflects an appreciable decrease in the metabolism of propionyl-CoA in these animals. The propionyl-CoA load caused by the administration of metabolic precursors of this substance, mainly L-isoleucine, does not induce important biochemical variations except for excretion of propionylglycine. PMID- 7219899 TI - "Post-coronary" rehabilitation, body composition, and recurrent infarction. An analysis of data from the Ontario Exercise-Heart Collaborative Study. AB - Changes in body composition have been studied in patients with ischemic heart disease over a 2-year period, commencing 3--12 months after a well-documented myocardial infarction. Findings have been related to diet, the exercise undertaken (random allocation of volunteers to high intensity and low intensity exercise programmes) and the recurrence of myocardial infarcation. When first recruited, subjects were not much more obese than other middle-aged men. In contrast with experience in the "healthy" middle-aged exerciser, compliance of postcoronary patients with the required regimen was uninfluenced by body build. Over the 2 years of observation, both high and low intensity exercise groups showed small losses of fat and gains of lean mass. It is suggested that these changes reflect responses to dietary regulation and an increase of physical activity rather than a specific effect of the prescribed effort; the potential advantage of the high intensity exercise programme was lost through a larger food intake. Patients who sustained a recurrence of their infarction had an average percentage of body fat, but a low excess weight and lean mass; although isometric exercise is not frequently implicated in the recurrence of an infarction, the development of muscle mass might be advantageous to patients who must continue to work in occupations that demand sustained isometric muscular activity. PMID- 7219900 TI - Urea synthesis by perfused rat liver in experimental uremia. AB - Urea synthesis was examined in experimental uremia using the isolated perfused rat liver in order to assure strict control of substrate (NH4Cl) presented to the liver. Acute uremia was created in female Sprague-Dawley rats by bilateral nephrectomy (n = 7) 48 h prior to studies. Chronic uremia (8--14 weeks) was produced by right nephrectomy and segmental infarction of the left kidney in 7 rats. At infusion rates of NH4Cl (8.3 mumol/min) which resulted in prehepatic perfusate ammonia levels approximately twice the previously described Km value, livers of chronically uremic rats had slightly higher rates of urea production than controls (controls: 0.41 +/- 0.03; chronic uremia: 0.54 +/- 0.04 mumol/min/g of wet liver weight; p less than 0.02). In acute uremia, urea production was higher (0.66 +/- 0.05 mumol/min/g) than in sham-operated rats (0.59 +/- 0.05 mumol/min/g) but the differences did not achieve statistical significance. Simultaneously performed taurocholate transport studies did not reveal significant functional differences between the livers of uremic and control animals. The data suggest that urea production by livers of uremic rats is increased when compared to that of control animals. PMID- 7219901 TI - L-dopa competes with tyrosine and tryptophan for human brain uptake. AB - Tyrosine and tryptophan have been assayed spectrofluorometrically in postmortem human brain areas of patients with Parkinson's disease treated orally with or without 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) plus the peripherally acting decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide. Tyrosine as well as tryptophan decrease significantly after treatment with L-dopa, thus showing a competitive action of L dopa to other aromatic amino acids on human brain uptake. It is suggested that some of the side effects of L-dopa treatment in Parkinson's disease are due to a disturbance in the brain and neural uptake of other, specially aromatic and branched-chain amino acids. An influence of L-dopa administration on protein synthesis also cannot be excluded. PMID- 7219902 TI - Obesity, thermogenesis and the sodium pump. PMID- 7219903 TI - Premature rupture of the membranes and prolonged latency. AB - The aim of this retrospective study in 8320 patients with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) was to determine the consequences of prolongation of the latent period. Among patients with pregnancies of more than 37 weeks' duration, those with PROM and latent periods of more than 1 day demonstrated an increased incidence of intrapartum fever (IPF), whereas those with latent periods of more than 3 days demonstrated a marked increase in fetal (but not neonatal) deaths. Although IPF and perinatal mortality were more common in preterm pregnancies, neither was found to increase or decrease with prolonged latency, provided differences in gestational ages and race were taken into account. In the absence of chorioamnionitis, there appears to be no benefit to delivery before 37 weeks' gestation. PMID- 7219905 TI - Maternal metabolic alterations secondary to terbutaline therapy for premature labor. AB - The metabolic changes in pregnant patients treated with subcutaneous terbutaline for premature labor were studied. Arterial lactic acid, serum electrolyte, and glucose concentrations were measured in 29 patients. Samples were obtained before and 1 hour after the initial dose of terbutaline. Data included statistically significant changes in arterial pH and lactate levels and in serum glucose and potassium. In all patients tested, lactic acid and glucose concentrations increased and the potassium level significantly decreased. An increase occurred in the mean insulin level of 6 patients. It was therefore concluded that significant metabolic alterations occur in normal pregnant patients undergoing subcutaneous terbutaline treatment for premature labor. Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and an increase in lactic acid occur and, although these changes are handled readily and corrected rapidly in the normal pregnant patient, all patients, especially those with underlying metabolic alterations or cardiac disease, should have baseline electrolyte and glucose levels evaluated before consideration of terbutaline therapy for premature labor. PMID- 7219904 TI - The effects of prophylactic management and therapeutics on hypertensive disease in pregnancy: preliminary studies. AB - A controlled prospective evaluation of pregnancy complicated by chronic hypertension is proposed and preliminary data on population selection and pregnancy outcome are presented. Sixty-three women with evidence of underlying hypertensive disease were followed prospectively throughout pregnancy. Twenty three patients were followed in a protocol of intensified prenatal care and randomized assignment of antihypertensive agents: placebo, hydralazine, or methyldopa. Forty patients were followed in the high-risk pregnancy clinics at Duke University. The incidence of preeclampsia in the randomized prophylactic antihypertensive group was statistically lower than that in the nonrandomized group (8.7 versus 32.5%; P less than .01). There were no other statistically significant differences between the groups. The 63 hypertensive women had a high incidence of diabetes mellitus diagnosed during pregnancy (49.2%) as compared to the authors' general obstetric population (8.1%). PMID- 7219906 TI - Comparison of maternal and fetal effects of vacuum extraction with forceps or cesarean deliveries. AB - Results of 90 vacuum extraction (VE) deliveries were compared with effects on the mother and fetus of forceps delivery or cesarean section. Forceps delivery increased the incidence of birth canal trauma threefold and the incidence of anemia sevenfold (18% for VE versus 48% for forceps delivery, and 4 versus 30%, respectively) (P less than or equal to .001). When cesarean section was the alternative operation, the incidence of blood loss was significantly increased (72%, versus 18% with VE), as was febrile morbidity (48%, versus 6% with VE) (P less than or equal to .001). Hospitalization time and costs in the present and future for cesarean section deliveries are markedly higher than for VE. Maternal requirements for anesthesia are markedly reduced with VE because of the gentleness of the operation. A failed trial of VE in 7 patients did not constitute any greater hazard to the mother than initial management by cesarean section. However, babies born by cesarean section after failed VE had a slightly lower Apgar score at 1 minute (P less than or equal to .05) but not at 5 minutes, as compared with babies born by cesarean section attempted initially. Otherwise, Apgar scores of infants born by VE did not differ from those of infants delivered by forceps or cesarean section. Infants delivered by VE had a higher incidence of transient cosmetic deformations, including "chignon" and cephalhematoma, whereas infants delivered by forceps had forceps marks and facial lacerations more frequently. Neither perinatal mortality nor serious traumatic complications were attributable to VE, due to its judicious use for a limited time of approximately 15 minutes. PMID- 7219907 TI - Cesarean section for delivery of the second twin. AB - Four cases of combined vaginal-abdominal delivery of twins are presented, and an additional 5 cases from the recent literature are discussed. Malposition, malpresentation, and contracted cervix were the main indications for cesarean section for the birth of twin B. In the 9 cases presented, there were 2 perinatal deaths. PMID- 7219908 TI - Prolonged end-stage fetal heart rate deceleration: a reanalysis. AB - In an earlier publication we reported on 18 patients who had what was described as prolonged fetal heart rate (FHR) deceleration in the second stage of labor and who had uniformly good outcome. It was believed that the reason for the good outcome was early diagnosis and rapid delivery when the FHR deceleration did not improve by the time the patient entered the delivery room. We have continued to handle this type of deceleration pattern in a similar fashion with good results, but 18 additional cases of prolonged end-stage FHR deceleration associated with a poor outcome are reported along with 1 case of intrauterine demise. Physicians who use the fetal monitor need to be aware of this potentially ominous FHR pattern. PMID- 7219909 TI - Triploidy in 40 human spontaneous abortuses: assessment of phenotype in embryos. AB - Forty human spontaneous abortuses were identified as triploid, 34 by karyotype and 6 by DNA measurement. Of the 40, 26 were embryos of 5 to 7 weeks' developmental age, 6 were intact empty sacs, 4 were early growth-disorganized embryos, and 4 were fetuses. In an attempt to determine the extent to which embryonic phenotype reveals triploid karyotype, the phenotypes of the 26 triploid embryos were compared with those of the 40 embryos of known nontriploid karyotype identified in larger study of consecutive spontaneous abortuses. Each embryo was scored for presence or absence of each of 4 abnormal phenotypic features: retarded limb development, facial dysplasia, subectodermal hemorrhage, and cystic chorionic villi. Whereas this combination of features was found in a few abortuses with normal or trisomic karyotype, it was both common and most frequent with triploidy. Approximately half (12 of 22) of the triploid embryos had at least 3 of the features. Conversely, among assessable embryos of known karyotype, four fifths (12 of 15) of those with at least 3 of the 4 abnormal features were triploid. Thus, while not definitive, such phenotypic information can be used with caution in counseling for subsequent pregnancies. PMID- 7219910 TI - Sperm penetration assay: useful test in evaluation of male fertility. AB - The recently developed sperm penetration assay (SPA) tests the functional capacity of sperm. It is based upon the ability of in vitro capacitated human spermatozoa to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs in vitro. The SPA was superior to seminal fluid analysis in predicting both fertility and infertility; in the prediction of infertility, the difference was highly significant. Data further indicated that fertility in the male may not remain constant with the passage of time. The SPA would appear to have wide application both clinically and experimentally. PMID- 7219911 TI - Changes in circulating steroids with aging in postmenopausal women. AB - to examine the possible effects of aging on circulating steroid hormones in postmenopausal women, blood samples were drawn from 155 women, aged 34 to 83 years, with spontaneous ovarian failure. The C-21 steroids, pregnenolone and 17 hydroxypregnenolone; the delta 4 progestins, progesterone and 17 hydroxyprogesterone; and cortisol did not change with age and were similar in concentration to the levels measured during the follicular phase of premenopausal women. The delta 5 androgens, dehydropiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, declined significantly (P less than .001) with age, whereas no change was noted in the delta 4 androgens, androstenedione and testosterone. The levels of estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) were strongly correlated with percent ideal weight but did not change with age. The authors conclude that 1) The production of progestins does not change with age in normal adult women, other than that resulting from the loss of secretion associated with ovarian corpus luteum function. 2) The decline of delta 5 androgens without corresponding changes in their precursors suggests an age-related change of adrenal 17,20 desmolase activity. 3) The levels of E2 and E1 reflect an effect of body size but not of age on peripheral aromatization of precursor androgens. PMID- 7219912 TI - Vaginal adenosis in Cebus apella Monkeys exposed to DES in utero. AB - Vaginal adenosis comparable to that seen in DES-exposed human newborns exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) was observed in 4 (100%) female Cebus apella monkey neonates exposed to DES in utero. Columnar Epithelium lined the vaginal canal and deep crypts in the underlying stroma. The ectocervix was markedly papillary and covered with columnar epithelium that was continuous with the endocervical epithelium. By comparison, the vagina of unexposed newborn and juvenile cebus monkeys up to 15 months of age was filled with a solid core of squamous cells that also covered the cervix and extended into the endocervix. Vaginal adenosis has been produced in mice by neonatal treatment with DES. The mouse model, however, excludes the fetoplacental unit. The cebus monkey provides a model for the investigation of teratogenic effects of intrauterine exposure to DES. PMID- 7219916 TI - Ultrasonic methods of predicting the estimated date of confinement. AB - The present study examines the relative accuracy of 2 ultrasonic methods of predicting the estimated date of confinement (EDC). The first technique, mean projected gestational age (MPGA), utilizes 2 fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) readings between 19 and 30 weeks' gestation with at least a 3-week interval between examinations. The 2 values are fitted to the mean of the standard curve as closely as possible and an EDC is predicted. The second method, growth adjusted sonographic age (GASA), is based on 1 BPD measurement in the second trimester and another in the third. The first is plotted on the mean and then readjusted depending on the percentile into which the second falls (below 25, 25 to 75, above 75). The EDC was blindly predicted in 120 patients, 60 by the MPGA method and 60 by the GASA technique. These were compared with 60 controls whose EDCs were predicted on the basis of excellent clinical dates. The interval between the predicted EDC and the actual delivery date was calculated for each patient and the results were compared. There was no statistical difference between the 2 techniques. PMID- 7219915 TI - Estimation of fetal weight by real-time sonography. AB - The accuracy of estimating fetal weight with real-time ultrasonography was studied in 81 fetuses. The technique is described and results are compared with those obtained by the B-scan technique. The absolute mean error was 228 g or 8.3% of the mean weight. Sixty percent of the measurements fell within 10% of the actual birth weight. The estimates were more accurate in the low (less than 1500 g) and in the high (more than 4000 g) weight groups. The easy access, simple technique, and reasonable accuracy of realtime scanners, as well as the development in progress for more reliable instruments, enable us to advocate its value for estimation of fetal weight in the delivery suite. PMID- 7219913 TI - Histologic grade and prognosis of carcinoma of the cervix. AB - A histologic grading system based on tumor differentiation was applied in a study of 122 patients with stage IB and IIA squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. In general, the more dedifferentiated the primary tumor, the more bulky the primary lesion and the higher the incidence of pelvic node metastasis. Following treatment, patients with undifferentiated tumors had a higher incidence of tumor recurrence a lower 2-year survival rate than those with well or moderately differentiated lesions. These findings suggest that histologic grading is an important adjunct to the clinical evaluation of cervical cancer. PMID- 7219914 TI - Nuclear DNA study of vulvar intraepithelial and invasive squamous neoplasms. AB - In this study, 59 vulvar intraepithelial squamous neoplasms (8 atypia and 51 carcinoma in situ) and 33 invasive squamous carcinomas were analyzed for their nuclear DNA content using Feulgen microspectrophotometry. Four cases of atypia had a polyploid DNA distribution. The remaining 4 cases of atypia and all cases of carcinoma in situ had an aneuploid pattern, and nearly two thirds of these had high ploidy stem cells (greater than 3N). This is in contrast to the low ploidy stem cells (less than 3N) seen in 70% of the invasive carcinomas and in 82% of the intraepithelial neoplasms in the vicinity of invasive carcinomas. This observation suggests that not all vulvar intraepithelial neoplasms have the same propensity to become invasive. Invasive carcinomas of comparable size and depth of invasion with low ploidy stem cells had a higher frequency of lymph node metastasis than those having high ploidy stem cells. The significance of nuclear DNA findings related to gynecologic neoplasms is discussed. PMID- 7219918 TI - Retrograde menstruation in women undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. AB - Blood in the peritoneal dialysis catheter just before menstruation was regularly observed in 9 of 11 premenopausal women maintained on peritoneal dialysis for end stage renal failure. Peritoneal bleeding at other times during the menstrual cycle was not seen in any of these patients. Likewise, peritoneal bleeding in men or nonmenstruating women on chronic peritoneal dialysis was exceedingly rare, was not periodic, and usually was due to recognizable causes. These observations suggest that retrograde menstrual bleeding into the peritoneal cavity is the rule rather than the exception in women on peritoneal dialysis and possibly in all menstruating women. Implications of this observation for the pathogenesis of endometriosis and dysmenorrhea are discussed. PMID- 7219917 TI - Successful treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with spironolactone or bromocriptine. AB - Marked improvement in the severe hypertension (250/150 mmHg) and hirsutism of a patient suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome was quickly achieved by the use of spironolactone 200 mg per day. Substitution of spironolactone with bromocriptine induced further amelioration of these symptoms and renewal of ovulatory cycles. These drugs may afford another mode of therapy in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID- 7219919 TI - Adriamycin-methotrexate combination chemotherapy of advanced carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7219920 TI - Corticosteroids in pregnancy. PMID- 7219922 TI - Medical absenteeism and the work ethic. PMID- 7219921 TI - Maternal bearing down efforts. PMID- 7219923 TI - Eye care Health effects of video display terminals. AB - Stress is a central element in the VDT health problem. Every error in design of the machine, workplace and job adds directly or indirectly to the total job stress. PMID- 7219925 TI - A costly dilemma in the work force. PMID- 7219924 TI - Better industrial vision testing and safety. AB - In no sense should an industrial vision program be considered a means of providing visual ease, comfort for off-the-job activities such as viewing television. PMID- 7219927 TI - Assessing complaints about itching eyes. AB - It is better to be overcautious than have a worker lose his sight through misdiagnosis. Avoidance measures are first suggested in order to remove the real cause. PMID- 7219926 TI - Lessons from the first decade. PMID- 7219928 TI - Nursing roles. Meeting well-defined needs for safety awareness. AB - It is time the dimension of safety is inserted and publicized in the health nurse's job description, and it must be supported and recognized by management. PMID- 7219929 TI - An 'exercise' in fitness. PMID- 7219930 TI - Risk-reduction strategies improve industrial complexions. AB - The stage is set for health management professionals and industry to collectively decide on the mechanics of identifying personnel health needs and interests. PMID- 7219931 TI - Potential effects of medications at work II. AB - Chloramphenicol, introduced over 30 years ago, enjoyed instant popularity due to antimicrobial effectiveness. However, serious blood dyscrasias soon became apparent. PMID- 7219933 TI - Off-beat rhythms and biological variables. AB - Reasons given by workers for choosing a particular shift are rarely job related. The most compelling reason for undertaking night or shift work is financial. PMID- 7219932 TI - Encouraging a balanced style of living. AB - The Personnel Management System, as with any good business plan, assists employees in establishing ways to measure progress or completion of chosen goals. PMID- 7219934 TI - Implementing a medical program for the textile industry. AB - It is necessary to have basic programs well established in order to demonstrate to management the benefits and cost returns before launching advanced programs. PMID- 7219936 TI - Tapping the foreign medical graduate source. PMID- 7219935 TI - The exercise fad: a risk/benefit analysis. PMID- 7219937 TI - Politics and medicine: the road ahead. PMID- 7219940 TI - Blue shield. PMID- 7219939 TI - The road to GMENAC. PMID- 7219941 TI - An update on ischemic cerebrovascular disease and stroke. PMID- 7219938 TI - Health planning--should physicians get involved? PMID- 7219943 TI - The counter-productivity of CME. PMID- 7219942 TI - The Heme-Occult Program in Northwest Ohio. PMID- 7219945 TI - Stage of gestation of intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 7219946 TI - Adrenal cortical reserve in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7219944 TI - Forging new alliances. Excerpt from speech by Secretary of Health and Human Services. PMID- 7219947 TI - Crystalloid substance and closed Haversian canals in the compact bone tissue of human bone. PMID- 7219949 TI - Studies on the arterial vasculature in the floor region of the guinea pig mouth using the plastic injection method. PMID- 7219948 TI - Possible sensory endings in the submucous plexus of mouse small intestine. PMID- 7219950 TI - Atypical neural sheaths formed by Muller cells in chicken retina. PMID- 7219951 TI - Innervation of the superficial flexor muscles of the lower leg of the Formosan monkey: with special reference to the medial sural cutaneous nerve. PMID- 7219953 TI - Sidewall-holed needle for anterior chamber infusion. AB - A solid-tipped, sidewall-holed needle for anterior chamber infusion during intraocular surgery is described. The needle is passed through the corneal limbus and entirely across the periphery of the anterior chamber, so that the point emerges 2 to 3 clock hours from the entry site, with the sidewall hole centered in the chamber 1 to 1.5 clock hours from both entry and exit sites. There is no edge or point in the anterior chamber, the needle is firmly anchored to the eye at the two fixation points, the globe may be freely rotated, and the surgical field is unobstructed. PMID- 7219952 TI - Treatment of distichiasis with cryotherapy. AB - The surgical treatment of distichiasis has frequently resulted in disfigurement of the treated eyelid. Since the follicles of the aberrant lashes in lids with distichiasis are placed more posteriorly than the follicles of normal lashes, it is theoretically possible to destroy the follicles of the aberrant lashes without destroying the follicles of the normally placed lashes if transconjunctival cooling creates a sufficient temperature gradient from the conjunctival to the anterior tarsal surface. This report illustrates a successful application of this concept. However, further data are needed to delineate the optimum cryo treatment of distichiasis. PMID- 7219954 TI - A disposable surgical drape elevator. PMID- 7219955 TI - Carbon dioxide laser beam control for corneal surgery. AB - Precise control of output power and beam divergence of a CO2 laser resulted in focused beam diameters down to 25 microns and essentially continuous control of energy deposition on target. Application of controlled laser beams on cow, hog, and human eye-bank reject corneal tissue give evidence of well-defined, narrow cuts. The controllable penetration depth and width of the CO2 laser incisions seem to make the laser an ideal "knife" for such corneal modifications as radial keratotomy and epikeratophakia. Our results indicate that the CO2 laser, when successfully integrated with the standard slit lamp, may be a safer and useful tool in laser surgery of the cornea. PMID- 7219959 TI - A rapid aphakic visual acuity screening device. PMID- 7219956 TI - Orbital cysts following enucleation: the use of absolute alcohol. PMID- 7219958 TI - Use of venturi entrainment mask for high-flow ventilation of patients submitting to ophthalmic surgery under local anesthesia. AB - The venturi entrainment mask is an inexpensive, disposable item readily available from the respiratory therapy department of most hospitals, which can be used with the patients submitting to ophthalmic surgery under local anesthesia to provide low oxygen concentration, high-flow ventilation at nearly room temperature and humidity. Four liters of oxygen will entrain an additional 101 liters of room air using the 24% uptake valve. This high-flow ventilation system eliminates hypercarbia since the patient never rebreathes. The mask elevates the drapes comfortably off the patient's face without dislodging and reduces the danger of flash fire with the use of thermal electrocautery. PMID- 7219957 TI - Cosmetic eye modified to retain vision. AB - A patient with bilateral ocular injuries with hypotony and light perception vision was fitted with scleral shells modified to allow light to pass through the central 4-mm area. This modification, allowing the patient to retain light perception with the prosthesis in place, aided in the rehabilitation of this patient by encouraging his independent ambulation, providing clues to time, place, and direction, and offering an enhanced cosmetic effect. PMID- 7219960 TI - Cyclodialysis with air injection in black patients. AB - Thirty-two cases are presented in which cyclodialysis with air injections was used to treat glaucoma in black patients. Nineteen of the 32 cases were of aphakic glaucoma and most represented failures of other glaucoma surgery. The success rate was found at 12 months postoperative follow-up to be 75%. Three of 13 eyes with phakic glaucoma developed cataracts. Cyclodialysis may be superior to trabeculectomy for surgical treatment of glaucoma in black patients. PMID- 7219961 TI - The use of anterior chamber Na-hyaluronate in a pseudophakic patient requiring intravitreal air during retinal reattachment surgery. PMID- 7219962 TI - [Sensory binocular relationships in divergent strabismus and convergent strabismus]. AB - The adaptive processes mentioned here (which include inhibitory phenomena and modifications in spatial localization) were observed, using a stereoprojector which polarized light. Comparing the adaptive processes in convergent and divergent strabismus has led to the following observations: (1) there are differences between the two types of strabismus; these differences appear not only at the level of the binocular sensory parameter but also at the level of motor and accommodative parameters; adaptive processes are less deep and less serious in divergent and strabismus; these differences are also manifest in therapy: divergent strabismus is curable whatever the age, treatment is much shorter. These observations were the starting point for using prismatic overcorrection to induce a state of 'sensory divergence' as treatment in cases of convergent strabismus with anomalous retinal correspondence. The excellent results obtained using this method of treatment are not only due to the action on sensory binocular relations, but also to the fact that prismatic overcorrection also modifies abnormal motor patterns. Treating strabismus must involve the entire disturbed optico-sensorimotor complex. PMID- 7219963 TI - Mechanical behavior of the iris-lens-zonule-ciliary body system. AB - The mechanical behavior of athe iris-lens-zonule-ciliary body (ILZC) system under intraocular pressure variations, measured with Scan A, is studied on a series of 20 rabbit eyes. The experiments indicate that the ILZC system behaves like a partition between the anterior and vitreous chambers and not like a supporting structural member. The observed behavior is related to previous clinical observations and to the biostructural model of the eye described in a previous paper by the authors. PMID- 7219964 TI - Congenital glaucoma and its inheritance. AB - Congenital glaucoma may be associated, secondary or primary. Primary congenital glaucoma is due to the persistance in the anterior chamber angle of embryonic mesodermal tissue. Its inheritance is autosomal-recessive, sex-controlled and variable in penetrance. The treatment is surgical, goniotomy being as good as trabeculotomy. PMID- 7219966 TI - Cryotreatment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Long-term results. AB - Large-surface transscleral freezing has been performed in severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy and recurrent vitreous haemorrhages. Out of 21 eyes visual acuity improved in 8, remained unchanged or diminished further in 13. Rapid clearing of the vitreous has been observed in one third of the patients. PMID- 7219965 TI - Amoebic keratitis. AB - A 67-year-old man with chronic keratitis was treated with a multitude of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other medicines. Despite temporary relief, perforation with iris prolapse occurred about 4 months after the initial symptoms, and the eye had to be removed. Histological examination revealed cystic bodies in the corneal stroma which could be identified as belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba. Trophozoites were seen as well. Although these amoebae are free living organisms, occurring almost everywhere in the water and air, corneal infections are rare and have been reported only recently. It has been suggested that Acanthamoebae may only invade the tissues in the case of mixed infections or in corneas with a reduced immunological response, e.g. after corticosteroid therapy. Conservative therapy seems to have little effect, although antibiotic/antiviral/antimycotic treatment should supplement antiamoebic therapy, considering the possibility of mixed infections. Penetrating keratoplasty was indicated in most of the reported cases and usually had a beneficial effect. PMID- 7219967 TI - Results and complications of surgery of retinal detachment with a macular hole. AB - About 96% of retinal detachments with a macular hole were cured by surgery. The most effective surgical procedure was diathermy with a macular buckling method and scleral infolding at the temporal part of the equatorial region, the rate of success being 100%. Only diathermy or diathermy plus scleral infolding at the temporal part of the equatorial region could reattach all detached retinas. Since macular buckling procedures made visual acuity worse, techniques without macular buckling should be used in cases without macular atrophy or degeneration of myopia. Retinal hemorrhage during or after operation was the most frequent complication (50%) of surgery for retinal detachment with a macular hole and occurred more frequently when macular buckling procedures were used. Macular hemorrhage caused deterioration of postoperative visual acuity. PMID- 7219968 TI - The reliability of Frenzel's glasses and the optimal observation period for routine explorations. AB - In many clinics and medical offices the electrographical registrations of vestibular reactions are only available for patients with special problems. For routine explorations Frenzel's glasses are still in use. It was one purpose of our studies to show that the observation with Frenzel's glasses is no less effective than ENG registration, in regard to nystagmus frequency. This result is based on investigations with special equipment for simultaneous registration and computerized evaluations. The disadvantage using Frenzel's glasses without any other equipment is the impossibility of determining the culmination phase exactly. Therefore we looked for a defined period in which the frequency was correlated best to the frequency of the culmination phase determined by ENG recordings. A total of more than 100 different intervals were analyzed. The optimal period for routine investigations is a 1 min interval beginning 10 sec after the end of irrigation. Limiting the evaluation of a caloric response to this defined observation period is recommended for various reasons. PMID- 7219969 TI - Diagnosis and assessment of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas of the larynx. AB - The present paper reports the clinicopathologic features of six cases of non Hodgkin's lymphoma of the larynx observed during the last 14 years. After careful clinical staging only 3 patients had isolated laryngeal lymphoma (stage IE). Radiotherapy was administered as initial treatment in all cases. These patients are alive and well after 12, 6 and 1 years, respectively. Histologically, all laryngeal lymphomas of this study showed a diffuse pattern of growth. All lymphomas were of follicular center cell origin according to Lukes and Collins (29). Four cases were of low grade malignancy according to Lennert and Mohri (25), or grade I, according to the British (18) classification. The remaining two were of high grade malignancy or grade II. A careful histopathological diagnosis, which may separate other pathological conditions, and an appropriate staging, which may exclude dissemination of disease, are stressed as representing the basis for effective treatment. The applicability of current functional nomenclature is possible also in these extranodal lymphomas. PMID- 7219971 TI - [Bone fixation in polytrauma]. PMID- 7219970 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of the guinea pig cochlear aqueduct. With emphasis on fracture preparation. AB - The cochlear aqueduct is the duct that connects the perilymphatic space of the scala tympani with the subarachnoid space. However, its functions are not yet fully elucidated. In the present study on the cochlear aqueduct of the guinea pig, a fracture preparation method was used to obtain new findings by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7219972 TI - [Rehabilitation in injuries of the major blood vessels of the limbs complicated by muscle contracture]. PMID- 7219974 TI - [Study of the degree of mineralization in idiopathic femur head necrosis using roentgenophotodensitometry]. PMID- 7219973 TI - [Juvenile epiphysiolysis of the femur head]. PMID- 7219976 TI - [Survival of tissues preserved in weak formalin solutions]. PMID- 7219975 TI - [Results of treatment of complicated spinal injuries]. PMID- 7219977 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on bone regeneration]. PMID- 7219979 TI - [Various biomechanical indicators in patients with sequelae of pelvic bone injuries]. PMID- 7219978 TI - [Fibrolipoma of the median nerve]. PMID- 7219980 TI - [Use of retabolil and thyrocalcitonin in patients with diaphyseal fractures of the extremities]. PMID- 7219982 TI - [When is laminectomy indicated?]. PMID- 7219983 TI - [When then is laminectomy indicated?]. PMID- 7219981 TI - [Various problems in surgery of acute complicated spinal injuries (Tsiv'iana's article: "When is laminectomy indicated?")]. PMID- 7219987 TI - [Genetic causes of mental retardation]. PMID- 7219986 TI - [Radiologic signs of dissecting aorta]. PMID- 7219984 TI - [Sex ratio of children of fathers with spermatic disorders following hormone therapy]. PMID- 7219985 TI - [Long-term clinical and hemodynamic follow-up of the Ionescu-Shiley calf pericardium xenograft used for heart valve transplantation]. PMID- 7219988 TI - [Massive metronidazole (Klion) therapy of urogenital trichomonas infection]. PMID- 7219990 TI - [Biochemical approach to schizophrenia]. PMID- 7219991 TI - [Tracheal stenosis and its surgical management]. PMID- 7219989 TI - [Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome)]. PMID- 7219992 TI - [Experience with so-called sustained radiography in the diagnosis of rupture of the outer ligament of the ankle]. PMID- 7219993 TI - [Two years of experience and plans to further develop the 1st Hungarian burn unit within the framework of a hospital-polyclinical center]. PMID- 7219994 TI - [Synchronized registration of the respiration curve and the standard II. ECG lead on a 3-channel set]. PMID- 7219995 TI - [Mycosis fungoides]. PMID- 7219996 TI - [Splenosis]. PMID- 7219997 TI - [Exposure of the distal segment of the external iliac artery]. PMID- 7219998 TI - [Experience with the triiodothyronine uptake test, modified in our laboratory]. PMID- 7219999 TI - [Epidemiologic features of schizophrenia based on data from Budapest]. PMID- 7220000 TI - [Symptomless kidney tumors, diagnosed from metastases]. PMID- 7220001 TI - [Bilateral traumatic chylothorax]. PMID- 7220002 TI - [Modified Beardmore end-to-end anastomosis in the surgical management of congenital esophageal occlusion]. PMID- 7220004 TI - [CT in Hungary]. PMID- 7220003 TI - [Controversies surrounding the question of sexology in Hungary]. PMID- 7220005 TI - [1-year experience with the Medicor-Pfizer Acta scanner 0100 CT]. PMID- 7220006 TI - [Significance of CT studies of the skull and brain in neurosurgery]. PMID- 7220007 TI - [Computerized tomography of the kidneys]. PMID- 7220009 TI - [Computerized tomography and the Medicor CT 0100/0150]. PMID- 7220010 TI - [CT examination of the spine]. PMID- 7220011 TI - [CT examination of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7220008 TI - [What is the advantage of computerized tomography in the examination of organs of the small pelvis?]. PMID- 7220012 TI - [CT terminology]. PMID- 7220013 TI - [Ejaculatio praecox and active psychotherapy]. PMID- 7220014 TI - [Current data on the pathogenesis of adolescent dysfunctional uterine hemorrhages on the basis of serum testosterone determinations]. PMID- 7220015 TI - [The effect of the sudden infant death syndrome on the family]. PMID- 7220017 TI - [Osteotomy of the lumbar spine in ankylopoietic spondylarthritis]. PMID- 7220016 TI - [Low-dose prophylactic heparin in the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications]. PMID- 7220018 TI - [Cesarean section under peridural lumbal anesthesia]. PMID- 7220019 TI - [Clinical course of gonorrheal urethritis based on the microscopic picture]. PMID- 7220020 TI - [Right ovarian vein syndrome]. PMID- 7220021 TI - [Occurrence in Hungary of 3 congenital abnormalities]. PMID- 7220022 TI - [Relationship between childhood benign febrile convulsion and epilepsy]. PMID- 7220023 TI - [Genital actinomycosis in women wearing IUD]. PMID- 7220024 TI - [Oxygenation for the transport of newborn infants with respiratory disorders]. PMID- 7220025 TI - [Congenital nephrosis]. PMID- 7220026 TI - [Requiem for the journal Gyogyaszat and commemoration of its editor, Miksa Schachter]. PMID- 7220027 TI - [Simultaneous occurrence of Ivemark syndrome and diprosopus]. PMID- 7220028 TI - [Attitude of pregnant Gypsy women and health care]. PMID- 7220031 TI - [Clinical significance of radioisotope measurement of placental perfusion]. PMID- 7220030 TI - [Rheumatology in light of medical specialization]. PMID- 7220029 TI - [The significance of joint scintigraphy in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7220032 TI - [Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors]. PMID- 7220033 TI - [Cases of ileus of the alimentary canal]. PMID- 7220034 TI - [The significance of persistent left superior vena cava in pacemaker therapy]. PMID- 7220036 TI - [Experience with uretero-ileocutaneostomy]. PMID- 7220035 TI - [Severe meningitis caused by an anaerobic bacterium]. PMID- 7220038 TI - [Passive tetanus immunization in the aged with human immunoglobulin]. PMID- 7220039 TI - [The role of sugar substitutes in the prevention of caries]. PMID- 7220037 TI - [Therapy of systemic mycoses]. PMID- 7220040 TI - [Cor triatriatum and persistent left superior vena cava: diagnosis and successful surgical correction]. PMID- 7220042 TI - [Question and terminology of prostatic surgery]. PMID- 7220041 TI - [Incidence of strophulus arthropodicus, a skin disease caused by tick larvae]. PMID- 7220043 TI - [Electronystagmography in the detection of latent foci in patients with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7220045 TI - [The effect of subcutaneous depot heparin on certain coagulation parameters (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7220044 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis]. PMID- 7220046 TI - [Practical aspects of the evaluation of polyps of the large intestine]. PMID- 7220047 TI - [Infectious diseases in laboratories of medical institutions]. PMID- 7220048 TI - [Dilatation of benign strictures of the esophagus using a balloon catheter]. PMID- 7220050 TI - Physician impairment: a disseminating disease. PMID- 7220049 TI - [Potest or non potest laborare?]. PMID- 7220051 TI - Congenital heart disease in Medan. PMID- 7220052 TI - Morphological and histochemical correlation of recovery after spinal transection in rat. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory have shown disappearance of aminergic terminals with relative preservation of cholinergic activity below the level of the lesion (Rodriques & Sahgal, 1978). Since then we have extended our study to look at the behaviour of aminergic fibres and neurons at various time intervals following the lesion and attempted to correlate with the functional recovery. Three to 4 weeks after spinal transection (thoracic), the rats started to show spinal-stepping which became stronger and dexterous with the passage of time. Up to 6 months after thoracic transection, maximum recovery was observed. Studies of catecholamine fluorescence revealed proliferation of new aminergic terminals which were observed four or five segments below the transection. These observations demonstrate regeneration of aminergic fibres in rat. The significance of the data in the light of neurophysiologic studies will be discussed. PMID- 7220054 TI - Acute gastric dilatation as a relatively late complication of tetraplegia due to very high cervical cord injury. AB - Patients sustaining an injury to the cervical spine at C3/4 level, with extensive cord damage, are difficult to manage. The injury is associated with a high mortality. The respiratory complications, including those associated with tracheostomy and intermittent-positive-pressure ventilation, are well recognised. The initial ileus and its management is also well documented. This report describes the development of acute gastric dilatation occurring 4 weeks after injury. The condition is particularly serious as many complications may have been overcome by this time resulting in a false sense of security. Two case histories are described. It is suggested that to a variable degree this complication probably occurs frequently in these patients. The aetiology of the acute gastric dilatation is discussed and recommendations are made (based on experience with one of the cases described), which may reasonably be expected to minimise the development and progress of the condition. PMID- 7220053 TI - Late ileus in paraplegia. AB - Ileus is a common complication of spinal cord injury, resolving within one week of injury in most cases. Two cases are reported in which the ileus developed as a more serious later complication and proved to be very intractable to treatment. Causes and treatment are discussed. PMID- 7220056 TI - Unrecognised fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine. AB - Failure to diagnose a fracture of the spine may lead to spinal cord damage due to incorrect handling of the patient. The three most common causes of failure to radiologically diagnose a fracture of the cervical spine after injury are: (1)inadequate demonstration of the entire cervical spine on the lateral view; (2) Failure to X-ray the cervical spine after head injury; (3) Incorrect interpretation of the radiological appearances. The relevant radiological features are discussed. PMID- 7220057 TI - Neurological improvement in traumatic injuries of cervical spinal cord. AB - In 1965-78 930 patients with trauma of the cervical spine were treated in the Rehabilitation Institute of Konstancin. Eight hundred and forty-three patients had spinal fracture and spinal cord injury. In this paper the effects on the neurological disabilities achieved in 468 patients with complete or severe spinal cord injury are discussed. Improvement after admission to hospital, and taking into account the patient's age and also the timing and the method of specialist treatment, is analysed. PMID- 7220058 TI - The 'hammock' effect in wheelchair cushion covers. AB - It is necessary to cover wheelchair cushions in order to protect the load distributing elements from wear and contamination. It is widely supposed that the more rigid covers may impair the load distributing properties of the cushion by the so-called 'hammock' effect. Measurements have therefore been taken of cushion deformation and seating pressures using a standard Department of Health wheelchair cushion with a variety of covers to determine the degree of impairment. The results indicate that the cushion cover 'hammock' effect may be ignored for practical purposes. PMID- 7220059 TI - Prolonged ileus with acute spinal cord injury responding to metaclopramide. AB - This is a case report of an acute C-5 complete quadriplegic with prolonged ileus. The ileus resolved only after the administration of metoclopramide. Metoclopramide is a drug that increases gastrointestinal motility, has few significant side effects, and may be of use in decreasing the ileus associated with acute spinal cord injuries. PMID- 7220055 TI - Mucosal histology following prolonged use of the Urovac: a suction operated urinal. AB - Biopsies were taken from the medical surface of the labia minora at 6 monthly intervals in the case of a young adult paraplegic using a suction operated urinal (the Urovac, Keane, 1963). An average partial vacuum of 11.4 cm measured by the water gauge was continuously applied to the tissues. There was no effective change in histological appearance of the mucous membrane over a period of 18 months. The tissue showed some irregular thickening of the squamous mucosa and moderate parakeratosis. There was a mild fibroblastic and papillary proliferation in the submucosa with occasional small aggregates of polymorphonuclear leucocytes immediately underlying the mucosa. These changes are non-specific and indicative of mild irritation. It would appear therefore that it is safe to apply a partial vacuum of 11.4 cm to the mucous membrane for prolonged periods provided that tissue distention is prevented by urinal design. PMID- 7220061 TI - Antiseptic and antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infection in spinal cord injured patients. AB - Fifty-seven isolates of Gram-negative bacterial species from urinary tract infections in spinal cord injured patients were tested for their sensitivity to chlorhexidine, cetrimide, glutaraldehyde, phenyl mercuric nitrate (PMN), a phenolic disinfectant (Hycolin) and a proprietary antiseptic containing a mixture of picloxydine, octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol and benzalkonium chloride (Resiguard). None of the isolates were resistant to glutaraldehyde, Hycolin or PMN but a substantial percentage were resistant to chlorhexidine (44 per cent), cetrimide (26 per cent) and Resiguard (42 per cent). The resistant organisms were members of the genera Proteus, Providencia and Pseudomonas and they were also generally resistant to five, six or seven antibiotics. Significant correlations were observed between multiplicity of antibiotic resistance and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the three cationic antiseptics. It is suggested that an antiseptic policy for the bladder management of spinal cord injured patients that relies on the extensive use of cationic agents might lead to the selection of a flora of notoriously drug-resistant species. PMID- 7220062 TI - Spinal cord function in Paget's disease of spine. AB - The adverse influence of diminished spinal cord blood flow has been well documented. There is increased skeletal blood flow in Paget's disease of bone, with a corresponding reduction in the size of the anterior spinal artery. Use of salmon calcitonin results in rapid reduction in the bone perfusion. The recovery of cord function following calcitonin therapy in patients with paraplegia due to Paget's disease of the vertebral column is likely to be due to enhanced spinal cord perfusion. PMID- 7220060 TI - Delayed gastric emptying after vagotomy and drainage in the spinal cord injury patient. AB - In patients with pre-existing spinal cord injuries, truncal vagotomy and drainage procedures resulted in an unacceptable incidence of prolonged gastric stasis. After gastric resection without vagotomy or closure of perforated ulcers, spinal cord injury patients resumed normal gastrointestinal function within 10 days. After vagotomy, three patients were unable to eat for 25 to 57 days. A fourth patient with large gastric residual volumes died of aspiration on the 13th day after vagotomy. PMID- 7220063 TI - Paraplegia due to spinal epidural neoplasia. AB - The literature of the last decade concerning the management and outlook of paraplegia has been focused on traumatic or other 'benign' causes. This paper describes a series of 74 patients with paraplegia due to malignant disease, one of the other most common causes of paraplegia. PMID- 7220064 TI - A survey of non-traumatic paraplegia. AB - A survey of cases of non-traumatic acquired paraplegia over a 30-year period revealed an admission rate of about 30 per cent of all new admissions to the Unit. Whereas the usual sex ratio of traumatic cases remained constant at 4.5 males to one female the ratio in non-traumatic paraplegia was almost equal between the sexes, five males to four females, thereby influencing the bed allocations between the sexes. Iatrogenic cases formed a very small part of the survey. PMID- 7220067 TI - Early complications of key grip hand surgery for tetraplegia. AB - Many C6 tetraplegic patients achieve useful hand function with the help of flexor hinge orthoses. However, these devices are of little help in dressing and many of the young people who have to wear them ask whether something could be done to make their hand look more 'normal'. The lateral pinch or Key Grip operation can be performed on most people able to operate such an orthosis and the grip produced is stronger and often more useful than the three-pulp pinch. An account of 29 cases is given and complications encountered within 3 months of surgery are outlined. The modifications suggested to overcome these complications are detailed. PMID- 7220066 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials in spinal cord injured patients. AB - Out of 25 patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries, ten patients with complete and 15 incomplete (five serially) were evaluated with somatosensory evoked potentials. Clinical correlations are presented and discussed. PMID- 7220065 TI - Paraplegia as a sequela to dorsal disc prolapse. AB - A retrospective study of seven patients referred to a spinal injury unit following surgery for thoracic disc prolapse is presented. Early diagnosis and increased awareness of the condition followed by lateral rhachotomy or anterolateral decompression is essential if the former dismal prognosis is to be improved. PMID- 7220068 TI - Antistriated muscle-antibodies during clinical dysreflexia: case report. AB - The object of the following study is the research of an immunological mechanism related to the clinical dysreflexia found in tetraplegic patients. Dysreflexia is known to be associated with automatic mechanisms during bladder distention in patients with lesions about T5. PMID- 7220069 TI - Syringomyelia as a sequel to traumatic paraplegia. AB - Ten cases of post-traumatic paraplegia are described in whom syringomyelia symptoms have supervened. Five patients have been operated upon after investigation. Operative results have been encouraging. A discussion of likely pathogenetic mechanisms is presented. PMID- 7220070 TI - Post-traumatic syringomyelia (cystic myelopathy). AB - With careful long-term follow up of patients presenting with paraplegia at the thoraco-lumbar level it will be noted that a small group of patients emerge, constituting between one and two per cent, who will subsequently develop neurological defects at a higher level in the spinal cord. The development of cystic cavitation within the spinal cord above the level of the injury, i.e. post traumatic syringomyelia is noted. Careful examination of the upper limbs in follow up management and investigation by metrizamide myelography is described. PMID- 7220072 TI - Progressive late post-traumatic syringomyelia. PMID- 7220071 TI - Ascending cystic degeneration of the cord after spinal cord injury. AB - We have reported a series of 15 cases of ascending cystic degenerative myelopathy from a total of 1500 spinal injuries over a period of 30 years, an incidence of 1 per cent. although sensory impairment was troublesome in many cases, motor loss was infrequent and minimal and never became severe enough to warrant further investigation or active surgical treatment. A conservative approach is recommended in the management of this complication. PMID- 7220073 TI - The inflammatory reaction surrounding Taenia solium larvae in pig muscle: ultrastructural and light microscopic observations. AB - An inflammatory reaction with the general characteristics of a chronic granuloma surrounding Taenia solium larvae in pig muscle is described. Larvae with an inflammatory capsule were obtained at slaughter from pigs 6-8 months-of-age and were processed for light and electron microscopy. Eosinophils (granulocytes with orange staining and peroxidase-positive granules) were found to be degranulated and in close contact with the parasite surface. Histiocyte, epithelioid cells, macrophages and lymphocytes were also evident, as well as large numbers of plasma cells in the outer areas of the wall-circumscribed reaction. The parasites were ultrastructurally intact, with a normal tegument and only occasional changes in the microvesicles. The results are discussed with reference to parasite survival in the host. PMID- 7220074 TI - Differences in susceptibility of various mouse strains to haemoprotozoan infections: possible correlation with natural killer activity. AB - Striking differences in the susceptibility to P. chabaudi and B. microti infections among different strains of mice are described. In most of the strains, both parasites induce a moderate, transient parasitaemia, followed by recovery. However, in the A strain P. chabaudi is rapidly lethal and B. microti induces a parasitaemia which persists for life in most animals. In contrast B10.A mice, which have the same H-2q haplotype as the A strain, recover from both infections. In first crosses (A X B10.A)F1 mice are uniformly resistant. Among other correlates, NK cells activity may be relevant. This activity is known to be high in strain of mice which are resistant to both of the parasites studied, such as C57B1 and CBA mice, and low in the susceptible A strain. We have examined the spleen weight, total cell number and NK activity at different times after infection. In the resistant strains there is a rapid increase in size and cell number which is still more marked during recovery. NK activity increases greatly during the infection; this is especially remarkable considering the dilution of nucleated cells with erythrocytes precursors. In contrast, in A mice cell numbers of NK activity remain almost unchanged. Thus, marked activation of NK cells occur, in resistant strains but not in susceptible ones. Possible mechanisms of activation of these cells and their effect in haemoprotozoan infections are discussed. PMID- 7220075 TI - Immunological regulation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. 1. Immunogenetic aspects of susceptibility to Leishmania tropica in mice. AB - Models of the different disease patterns of cutaneous leishmaniasis can be induced by the same dose of L. tropica promastigotes in various inbred strains of mice. The susceptibility of BALB/c is exceptional, essentially dosage independent (being demonstratable with as few as 20 parasites) and leads to huge progressive lesions with fatal visceral and cutaneous metastasis. Lesions also extend progressively but more slowly in BDA/1 and BDA/2 mice. Strains A C57BL/6 and CBA are relatively resistant to even 2 X 10(7) promastigotes, with arrest of lesion growth within 3 weeks and subsequent gradual healing. Similar resistance of A.SW to 2 X 10(5) is overcome by a larger dose. The major inter-strain differences are H-2 independent, for C57BL/10 congenic mice possessing six different H-2 antigen complexes all show early arrest of lesion growth leading to healing (H-2s, H-2a, H-2k) or mild residual disease (H-2b, H-2d, H-2q). Inter-line differences within the latter group varied between experiments such that no clear rank order emerged. Inexorable disease progression was found in congenic BALB/B, BALB/c, and BALB/K alike, although it was significantly slower in the latter line when infected with smaller doses. Genetic control of BALB/c susceptibility is thus predominantly in the non-H-2 background with only a minor H-2 linked regulatory influence in the later stage. C57BL/6, BALB/c and their F1 hybrid characteristically display "healing", "fatal progressive" and "non-healing" lesions respectively over a wide dose range. "BALB/c-like" susceptibility segregates strictly in the F2 and backcross progeny according to a one predominant gene prediction. A comparison of the present data with those concerning genetic regulation of acute and chronic stages of systemic. L. donovani infection in mice (Bradley, 1977, Blackwell, Freeman & Bradley 1980) reveals differing control for the outcome of cutaneous L. tropica infection, in which other important genetic influences must be involved. PMID- 7220076 TI - Alterations in blood eosinophil morphology, binding capacity for complexed IgG and kinetics in patients with tropical (filarial) eosinophilia. AB - As the significance of the eosinophilia which is found in some patients with chronic filarial infections is unknown, blood eosinophils were studied in seven patients with tropical (filarial) eosinophilia who had blood eosinophil counts between 5.2 and 56.6 x 10(9)/l. In six of these patients over 20% of the eosinophils were vacuolated, and degranulated eosinophils were found in the three patients with the most severe illness. In four patients serum eosinophil cationic protein levels were raised, and serial studies in two showed that they returned to normal after treatment with diethylcarbamazine. In addition, an increased proportion of eosinophils in these patients were able to bind to complexed IgG suggesting that they were responding to stimuli in the blood, and in one patient the blood eosinophil half-time clearance was prolonged. Labelled cells were cleared into the spleen, liver and bone marrow. These findings support the hypothesis that in patients with tropical (filarial) eosinophilia, blood eosinophils are induced to release their granule constituents into the circulation. It is suggested that these secretion products may interact with microfilariae, and may give rise to some of the clinical features of chronic filarial infections. PMID- 7220077 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: age-dependent susceptibility to immune elimination of schistosomula artificially introduced into preinfected mice. AB - Mice chronically infected with Schistosoma mansoni exhibited a significant resistance to a second infection with the same parasite, as demonstrated by their challenge worm burdens measured by portal perfusion. A decreased worm recovery was also exhibited by chronically infected mice when the challenge was administered intravenously using 3-h schistosomula obtained by the isolated skin technique or using 5-, 6-, 7- and 9-day-old schistosomula obtained from the lungs of infected donor mice. Variable results were obtained with 10- and 11-day-old forms, while schistosomula which were 12 days old or older, did not undergo significant rejection when introduced into the mesenteric veins of preinfected mice. Attempts to analyse these phenomena using the 'lung assay' were made complicated by the observation that the day of maximum recovery from the lungs was dependent upon the age of injected worms. PMID- 7220078 TI - Immunological regulation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. 2. Studies with Biozzi high and low responder lines of mice. AB - Susceptibility to Leishmania tropica was studied in Biozzi 'high' (Ab/H) and 'low' (Ab/L) responder mice of Selections I and III which, although originally selected with heterologous erythrocytes and Salmonella flagellar antigens respectively, both show non-specific separation of antibody responses. Ab/H Sel I produce only small lesions, even with the largest infecting dose, which heal after 2 months with minimal antibody responses. Specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) levels found in both are normal and equivalent. (Ab/H x Ab/L)F1 mice behave intermediately. A smaller inter-line difference is only detectable in Sel III with lower infecting doses. Both Ab/L and Ab/H mice given high doses develop chronic non-healing disease. These results imply that spontaneous resolution of cutaneous L. tropica lesions during the immune phase is independent of humoral antibody. While the great resistance and slower development of lesions found in Ab/L Sel I are entirely consistent with the macrophage 'hyperactivity' characteristic of the line, attempts to demonstrate this in vitro with comparisons of infected peritoneal exudate have been inconclusive so far. PMID- 7220079 TI - Immune responses of rats to live Vibrio cholerae: antibodies in serum and intestinal secretions. AB - Following injection of live Vibrio cholerae into the small intestine of rats, antibodies appear in the serum and mucus secretions associated with the intestinal surfaces. In contrast to oral immunization, single pulses given by this route cause primary and secondary agglutinating and vibriocidal antibody responses; they are slower to develop but similar to those induced by intravenous injection of 10-fold lower doses of the organisms. However, the intestinal route of injection appears to favour local formation of agglutinating antibodies that are directly transferred to the mucus secretions; it is likely that these are of the sIgA class. Evidence has also been presented which suggests that intestinal injection causes formation of antibodies which inhibit agglutination of V. cholerae by type-specific antiserum; these inhibitory effects are eliminated if the reaction is carried out in the presence of diluted normal rabbit serum rather than saline. PMID- 7220080 TI - [Changes in the skin and internal organs of hamsters infected with various species of Leishmania]. AB - Morphological changes in organs and tissues of golden hamsters infected with different substrains of three species of Leishmania were studied by means of histological, histochemical and electron microscopy methods. Suspension of Leishmania promastigotes were administered intracutaneously to 495 animals. Detailed morphological analysis has shown that clinical differences in experimental leishmaniasis caused by three species of Leishmania are fully confirmed by morphological data. The studied species of Leishmania cause lesion of the skin specific for each species of the parasite. Thus, each of these parasites has its own characteristic type of relationships with a vertebrate host. PMID- 7220082 TI - [Effect of the lysozyme from Ornithodoros moubata (Argasidae) ticks on Halprowia (Chlamydia)]. PMID- 7220081 TI - [Low-count and base populations of the warble fly, Hypoderma ovis (Hypodermatidae), and their significance in the persistence of hypodermyiasis]. AB - During control measures taken against hypodermyiases a rapid drop of cattle infestation follows, but low warble fly populations persist, the extensity of invasion being up to 2--5%. In order to study these low populations experimentally isolated populations were established under conditions of Central Europe. Fundamental populations initiated by one gravid female H. bovis in a herd of young cattle consisted of 17, 25, 42 and 83 larvae, the extensity of infection being 11 to 52% and intensity of it 1.1 to 1.6 larvae per host. The persistence of low warble fly populations is due to an internal regulatory system limiting the population density of parasites in the host populations. PMID- 7220083 TI - Morphological and adhesive changes to cultured chick kidney cells following parasitization with Eimeria tenella (Protozoa: Coccidia). AB - Cultured adult chick kidney (CK) cells inoculated with sporozoites of Eimeria tenella showed progressive alterations in their morphological and adhesive characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that during a 3-day period following the inoculation of parasites there was a gradual loss of contact between the cells. Initially, the cells remained connected by long cytoplasmic bridges but with the breakdown of these, the cells began to round up, losing complete contact with each other and remaining attached to the substratum by means of retraction fibres. By 3 days many cells had completely detached. The factors inducing these alterations were transmissable via the medium as the alterations were mimicked by non-parasitized cells in co-culture with parasitized cells. Studies with the reflection interference microscope (RIM) showed that the changes were accompanied by an increase in the cell-substrate separation distance and the loss of focal contacts. These changes were not effected by substances transmissable via the medium. Parasitized cells showed enhanced agglutination with Concanavalin A (Con A) which could be eliminated by pre-fixation. The possibility that changes to the host cell indicate a rearrangement of cytoskeletal apparatus is discussed. PMID- 7220084 TI - Thymidine uptake by chicken kidney cells parasitized by Eimeria tenella: evidence for a diffusable mediating substance. AB - The pattern of DNA synthesis in chicken kidney (CK) cells parasitized by Eimeria tenella was altered; a 2-fold increase in the uptake of [3-H]-thymidine occurred in these cells compared with that shown by the controls. This difference was significantly different at 16 h post-inoculation (p.i.) and reached a peak at 20 h p.i. Non-parasitized cells in co-culture with parasitized cells showed a level of incorporation intermediate between that of the parasitized and non-parasitized monocultures. It was shown that this stimulation was due to a factor released into the medium by the parasite or the parasitized cell. A possible course of events leading to induced and prolonged DNA synthesis by the host cell and the significance of this change in the life-cycle of the parasite is discussed. PMID- 7220085 TI - Babesia divergens infections in the Mongolian gerbil: characteristics of a human strain. AB - A strain of the cattle piroplasm Babesia divergens isolated from a fatal human infection was propagated in the Mongolian gerbil through 150 semi-continuous intraperitoneal passages. The infection was normally fatal; death, accompanied by profuse haemoglobinuria and debilitation, occurred as early as 44 h after intraperitoneal inoculation of heavily parasitized blood with precipitous drops in red blood cell and platelet counts. The average maximum parasitaemia achieved increased on continuous passage reaching 80% by the 150th stage. Twenty-four hours after infection erythrophagocytosis and splenic congestion were apparent by light and electron-microscopical examination and by 48 h hepatic necrosis, renal tubular damage with haemoglobin cast accumulation and ischaemic necrosis of ileal mucosa had developed. Gerbils were highly susceptible to small numbers of parasites when the inoculum was either fresh parasitized blood in high dilution or erythrocytes concentrated from animals showing minimal parasitaemia. Animals inoculated with parasites preserved in dimethyl sulphoxide at low temperatures usually developed fatal infections. However, occasionally animals suffered at most a low grade parasitaemia subsequent to recovery with parasite elimination. These animals were immune to further challenge, and no chronic infections developed. A field strain of B. divergens isolated locally from a case of bovine redwater behaved similarly to the human strain on continuous passage in gerbils. PMID- 7220086 TI - The development, composition and maintenance of experimental populations of Haemonchus contortus in sheep. AB - Clun Forest sheep, aged between 3 and 18 months and worm-free from birth, were given a single dose of 25 000 infective larvae of the nematode Haemonchus contortus. The host animals were killed between 4 and 100 days after infection and the nematode populations were examined to determine size and composition. The relation between worm body length, dry weight and age was studied and growth curves were constructed. Variations in the sex ratio for infections of different ages were noted. No evidence was found for a relation between rate of growth and population density. The rate of expulsion was determined and its variability discussed. PMID- 7220087 TI - A new technique for the extraction of Nematodirus battus eggs from sheep faeces. AB - Details are given of a method for the separation of the eggs of the nematode Nematodirus battus from sheep faeces. Faecal pellets obtained from worm-free lambs experimentally infected with N. battus were homogenized and passed through a graded series of metal sieves. The material retained in a 53 mum aperture sieve was transferred to a cylindrical column and the eggs were cleaned and separated from other suspended material by controlled differential flotation using tap water. A model experiment indicated that, within limits, the principle held for any size of tower. The density distribution for eggs at the morula stage of development was determined. Suggested flow rates for a specified tower are given. PMID- 7220088 TI - The effect of temperature on the behaviour of the infective larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis. AB - The effect of temperature on the behaviour of the infective larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis has been investigated. Larvae acclimatized at 3 degrees C or 20 degrees C respond to sudden or gradual increases in temperature by coiling. Increased temperature may indicate a risk of exposure to desiccation and elicits a behavioural response which optimizes survival. Larvae are straight when inactive; coiling is an active response to specific stimuli. Larval activity is initiated by exogenous stimuli. Mechanical disturbance is a major stimulus, the response being affected by changes in temperature. Larvae acclimatized at 3 degrees C or 20 degrees C show a peak of activity at temperatures between 15 and 25 degrees C. PMID- 7220090 TI - Nematospiroides dubius: the course of primary, secondary and tertiary infections in high and low responder Biozzi mice. AB - Biozzi mice of Selections 1 and 3, each exhibiting either high- or low-antibody responses to a wide range of antigens, were exposed to primary, secondary and tertiary infections of the nematode, Nematospiroides dubius. The course of these infections was followed by monitoring egg output and by examination of the worm burdens on the 14th day after each exposure to the parasite. When exposed to a primary infection, high and low responders were equally susceptible to the parasite, and the egg production of the infections was similar in all groups. However, when the mice were exposed to a 2nd infection of N. dubius, marked differences in the susceptibility of the hosts were seen. The high-responder mice of both Selections 1 and 3 were significantly more resistant to infection, far less adult worms being found in these. Resistance to a 3rd and final infection of the parasite was amplified appreciably in all groups but, again, the high responder mice were significantly more resistant than the low responders. These results imply that host antibodies play an essential role in immunity to this parasite and that resistance cannot be attributed solely to non-specific macrophage activity or cell-mediated immune reactions, since the latter are equivalent in high and low lines and the macrophages of the Ab/L line of Selection 1 are hyperactive. PMID- 7220089 TI - Genes within the major histocompatibility complex of the guinea pig influence susceptibility to Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection. AB - The influence of genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the guinea pig on the susceptibility to infection with the parasitic nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis was investigated. Back-cross analysis of 2 lines of guinea pigs suggests that genes that map in or near the I region of the guinea pig MHC influence susceptibility to infection by the parasite. However, other genes, possibly not linked to the guinea pig MHC, may also be required for the full expression of susceptibility. PMID- 7220091 TI - Helminths and the transmammary route of infection. PMID- 7220092 TI - Leptospirosis--here, now. PMID- 7220093 TI - Test and teach. Number twenty-eight. Diagnosis: adenosquamous carcinoma of the stomach. PMID- 7220094 TI - A study of the major australian snake venoms in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). I. The movement of injected venom, methods which retard this movement, and the response to antivenoms. PMID- 7220095 TI - Acute heat stroke deaths. AB - Ten cases of death due to heat stroke are described. They were all young men who collapsed during running exercise or route march and died in hospital later. Post mortem examination was carried out in all cases. Death was due to disseminated intravascular coagulation with widespread microthrombus formation and coagulative necrosis involving many organs. Meteorological studies showed that at the time of the collapse the environmental temperature was higher than average although it may have been in the morning or evening. PMID- 7220096 TI - Test and teach. Number twenty-six. Diagnosis: yersinia pseudotuberculosis acute mesenteric lymphadenitis. PMID- 7220097 TI - Synovial fluid lactic acid levels in septic arthritis. AB - Synovial fluid lactic acid estimations were carried out on 50 samples by gas liquid chromatography. Specimens from 4 patients with bacteria arthritis, other than gonococcal, had a mean lactic acid concentration of 215 mg/dl. One patient with gonococcal arthritis had a synovial fluid lactic acid of 30 mg/dl. Forty-one patients with inflammatory arthritis and 4 patients with degenerative arthritis had mean synovial fluid lactic acid levels of 27 and 23 mg/dl respectively. The estimation of synovial fluid lactic acid is reliable in differentiating septic arthritis from inflammatory and degenerative arthritis except when the infecting organism is NEisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 7220098 TI - Test and teach. Number twenty-seven. Diagnosis: malignant pleural mesothelioma. PMID- 7220099 TI - The simultaneous determination of pregnanediol and 17-ketosteroids by gas chromatography and total urinary oestrogens by fluorimetry, all from the same urinary extract. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous determination of urinary pregnanediol and 17-ketosteroids by gas chromatography and of total urinary oestrogens by fluorimetry, all from the same urinary extract. The technique is simple, rapid and reliable, incorporating slight modifications to established procedures. PMID- 7220100 TI - [Pathological systems]. PMID- 7220101 TI - [Changes in the neuronal bioelectrical activity of the cerebral cortex during the development of histamine-induced acute ulcers]. PMID- 7220102 TI - [Histamine and serotonin content in immunocompetent tissues and blood in vagotomized rats]. PMID- 7220103 TI - [Effect of sensitization on the development of gastric stress ulcers in rats]. PMID- 7220105 TI - [Effect of prolonged prednisolone administration on water metabolism in rats]. PMID- 7220106 TI - [Methodology problems in a course on pathological physiology in medical colleges]. PMID- 7220104 TI - [Kinetics and properties of the corticosterone-resistant lymphocyte population of the peripheral lymph nodes and Peyer's patches in rats with adjuvant disease]. PMID- 7220107 TI - [Significance of coronary sinus outflow for evaluating myocardial blood supply in decreased tonus of one of the coronary arteries]. PMID- 7220108 TI - [Arterial pressure dynamics in rabbits subjected to the action of pulsed currents]. PMID- 7220109 TI - [Tissue energy metabolism in rats in the initial period after a soft tissue injury]. PMID- 7220110 TI - [LDH isoenzymatic spectrum in intact and denervated skeletal muscles of cold adapted rats of different ages]. PMID- 7220112 TI - [Efficiency study of traditional teaching and the results of introducing an optimized system of instruction in a pathophysiology department]. PMID- 7220111 TI - [Changes in thrombocytopoiesis after a hepatolienal system lesion]. PMID- 7220113 TI - [Natural and experimental models of connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 7220114 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the scanning electron-microscopic picture of the cartilage and synovial bursa in the course of experimental arthritis caused by Freund's adjuvant and collagen]. PMID- 7220115 TI - [Desmofibrinogenesis impairment during neoplastic process]. PMID- 7220116 TI - [Occurrence and distribution of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), detected by the Shikata's method, in liver biopsy material at the Lublin Academy of Medicine Department of Pathological Anatomy during the years 1975-1978]. PMID- 7220118 TI - [Effect of vitamin B 12 on liver regeneration without hepatectomy and before hepatectomy after previous induction of liver cirrhosis by carbon tetrachloride]. PMID- 7220117 TI - [Effect of phenobarbital on the liver ultrastructure in dogs under conditions of long-term extrahepatic cholestasis]. PMID- 7220119 TI - [Quantitative changes of the mast cells in the skin of the temporal region in Horton's headache]. PMID- 7220120 TI - [Balloon-cell melanoma of the iris]. PMID- 7220122 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of hereditary disease and congenital defects. PMID- 7220121 TI - [Benign clear-cell lung tumor (sugar tumor)]. PMID- 7220123 TI - Ultrasonography in fetal diagnosis. PMID- 7220125 TI - Exercise-tolerance testing in children. PMID- 7220124 TI - Fetoscopy. PMID- 7220126 TI - Heart sounds and murmurs in diagnosis of heart disease. PMID- 7220127 TI - Echocardiography. PMID- 7220128 TI - Bronchial rupture in children following blunt chest trauma. Report of five cases with emphasis on radiologic findings. AB - We present five patients with fracture of the bronchus, in whom the diagnosis of bronchial rupture was first suggested because of persistent leakage of air, atelectasis of a segment of the lung or of the entire lung, mediastinal and deep cervical emphysema. In all patients the bronchoscopy was essential to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the full extent of injury. PMID- 7220129 TI - The cervical aortic arch: a case with diffuse arterial dysplasia and neurocutaneous angiomatosis. A review of the subject. AB - The authors present a case of cervical aortic arch which was discovered in a child of 5 years. The association with a diffuse and major vascular dysplasia, mainly neuroectodermic, is worth reporting. Only 40 cases of this abnormality have been published up to now. The anatomic classification of the different types of cervical aortic arch is presented. PMID- 7220133 TI - Bone marrow uptake of 99mtechnetium-sulfur colloid after severe abdominal trauma in children. AB - Increased bone marrow uptake of 99mTechnetium sulfur colloid is often seen in chronic liver diseases and severe anaemia. Four children with increased bone marrow uptake following severe, blunt abdominal trauma are described and the possible causes discussed. PMID- 7220130 TI - Occult humeral epiphyseal fracture in battered infants. AB - Complete fracture-separation of humeral epiphyses, proximal or distal, represents unusual skeletal injuries in the battered infant. Radiographic identification of the type and extent of epiphyseal injury may be difficult due to lack of ossified epiphyseal centers. While arthrography can be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic supplement, radionuclide scintigraphy appears to be of limited value in the detection of such epiphyseal-metaphyseal injuries. PMID- 7220131 TI - The relationship of juvenile lumbar disc disease and Scheuermann's disease. AB - Between 1969 and 1979 five children were found to have lumbar disc disease and were evaluated for clinically unsuspected thoracic spine abnormalities. Of these five children, two had Scheuermann's disease and one had disc space narrowing associated with Schmorl's nodes. One other had narrowed disc spaces without bony defects, and one had a normal thoracic spine. A unitary concept of childhood lumbar disc disease, Schmorl's nodes and Scheuermann's disease is suggested. PMID- 7220132 TI - Epiglottic enlargement following radiation treatment of head and neck tumors. AB - This article describes delayed noninfectious epiglottic enlargement in two children, one with rhabdomyosarcoma of nasopharynx and the other with undifferentiated anaplastic carcinoma of the neck. The pathogenesis is assumed to be delayed laryngeal injury following radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy. The radiographic findings in these cases were identical to those of acute epiglottitis. PMID- 7220135 TI - Swallowed neonatal endotracheal tube. AB - We present a newborn infant who swallowed an endotracheal tube during resuscitation. A review of previous reports indicates that the swallowed tube does not significantly compromise respiration and the infant need suffer little injury if the tube is removed in an unhurried manner. PMID- 7220134 TI - Pancreatitis, child abuse, and skeletal lesions. AB - A case of pancreatitis associated with trauma of child abuse is reported. Skeletal changes secondary to pancreatitis developed and the distribution of the bony lesions included both metaphyseal and epiphyseal growth centers. The coexistence of pancreatitis, child abuse, and subsequent skeletal lesions is again emphasized, as well as the unique occurrence of lesions in the epiphyseal centers. PMID- 7220136 TI - Calcifying splenic hematoma in a hemophilic newborn. AB - A 7-day-old hemophilic newborn presented several hemorrhagic manifestations, notably a large cephalohematoma, intracranial hemorrhage and a splenic hematoma. This was clearly identified on X-rays and at 4 weeks of age showed gross ring like calcification. Involvement of the spleen in hemophilia is rare, at all ages. Also uncommon are hemorrhagic manifestations of hemophilia during the neonatal period. Calcified splenic hematomas in hemophilic patients have apparently never been described. PMID- 7220137 TI - Effects of acute ethanol exposure upon in vivo leucine uptake and protein synthesis in the fetal rat. AB - Tritiated L-leucine ((3H)L-leu) was injected into the amniotic sacs of 19-day gestation rat fetuses during a brief (4-hr) period of elevation in maternal serum ethanol. The pregnant rats received 47.5% ethanol at "high dose" (0.29 to 0.33 g/100 g body weight) or "low dose" (0.12 to 0.14 g/100 gm body weight) by intraperitoneal injection. Fetal brain and liver were removed and analyzed for tissue uptake (TU) and protein incorporation (PI) of (3H)L-leu. Relative protein synthesis, independent of alterations in TU, was expressed by the ratio PI/TU x 100. Delayed fetal effects of acute maternal ethanol exposure were studied by injecting the fetal amniotic sacs with (3H)L-leu 24 hr after maternal ethanol administration. Both TU and PI were decreased in high dose fetal brain. Liver PI, but not TU, was depressed. High dose ethanol treatment caused a reduction in protein synthesis (PI/TU x 100) in fetal brain but not liver. Low dose ethanol enhanced brain PI and both liver and brain PI/TU x 100. Utilization of (3H)L-leu was related to fourth-hour (sacrifice) maternal serum ethanol levels. Fetal brain was more strikingly affected than liver. Ethanol concentrations greater than 200 mg/dl caused a decrease in brain TU (control, 1879 +/- 185 versus ethanol, 1219 +/- 123 dpm/mg protein) and PI/TU x 100 (control, 48.9 +/- 3.3 versus ethanol, 31.5 +/- 2.9). At levels less than 100 mg/dl, PI/TU x 100 was enhanced in both brain (control, 48.9 +/- 3.3 versus ethanol, 67.3 +/- 2.8) and liver (control, 45.3 +/- 4.2 versus ethanol, 62.3 +/- 1.7). Tissue uptake of (3H)L-leu 24 hr after high dose maternal ethanol exposure was increased in fetal brain. The results support the hypothesis that a brief period of maternal/fetal ethanol exposure, similar to that found in "social" drinking humans, alters normal fetal metabolism. PMID- 7220138 TI - Renal function in rats with unilateral proteinuria produced by renal perfusion with aminonucleoside. AB - Left (L) renal perfusion with an aminonucleoside of puromycin (PA), was used to produce unilateral proteinuria in 15 rats to examine the mechanisms responsible for renal salt retention in the nephrotic syndrome. Thirteen control rats underwent L renal perfusion with isotonic saline. Animals were studied 8 (group I) or 13 (group II) days after perfusion. Renal perfusion with saline per se did not change the glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, or absolute and fractional excretion of sodium (Na) from the perfused kidney. PA animals showed a significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate from the perfused kidney and a proportional decrease in the absolute excretion of Na from the PA perfused kidney as compared to the right kidney. The fractional excretion of Na was equivalent in the L and R kidneys of the PA animals. The mean absolute Na excretion from the nonproteinuric R kidney of PA rats was almost twice that of the R kidney of the controls. The increased Na excretion by the nonproteinuric kidney of the PA animals compensated for the sodium retention by the proteinuric kidney. PMID- 7220139 TI - Maturational Changes in Myocardial Contractile State of Newborn Lambs. AB - There have been no investigations of chronologic changes in postnatal contractile state of both left and right ventricles of the newborn. Thus, we determined isovolumetric indices of contractility in 32 acutely instrumented newborn lambs (1 day to 12 wk; three exteriorized near term fetuses, and four adult sheep. These studies demonstrated a marked increase in inotropic properties of both ventricles which was especially pronounced during the first 3 days of extrauterine life (group 1, left ventricle Vmax 3.2 +/- 0.27 and VCE10 3.2 +/- 0.28 Ml (muscle lengths)/sec; right ventricle Vmax 2.1 +/- 0.2 and VCE10 2.2 +/- 0.13 ML/sec); and was associated with elevated cardiac output (428 +/- 52 cc/kg/min), largely resulting from an elevated stroke volume (2.1 +/- 0.31 cc/kg). During subsequent postnatal maturation, contractility indices of both ventricles gradually declined to values intermediate between newborn and adult ((group IV, 22 to 84 days) - left ventricle Vmax 1.78 +/- 0.13 and VCE10 1.79 +/- 0.15 ML/sec; right ventricle Vmax 1.48 +/- 0.07 and VCE10 1.31 +/- 0.3 ML/sec); associated with a corresponding decline in cardiac output (group IV, 136 +/- 38 cc/kg/min), related in large measure to a decline in stroke volume (0.76 +/- 0.13) cc/kg). Simulation of birth in exteriorized fetuses was associated with a sudden increase in contractile indices for both left (Vmax 2.1 +/- .2 leads to 3.0 +/- .3 and VCE10 2.1 +/- 0.2 leads to 3.1 +/- 0.3 ML/sec) and right (Vmax 2.0 +/- 0.2 leads to 2.5 +/- 0.2 and VCE10 1.9 +/- 0.1 leads to 2.5 +/- ML/sec) ventricles. We conclude that there is a postnatal elevation of ventricular contractile state which contributes to successful postnatal adaptation of the newborn cardiovascular system. PMID- 7220141 TI - Pediatric research: substance and process. PMID- 7220140 TI - Hydrolysis of dipeptides by human and ovine placentas. AB - Human and ovine placental tissue homogenates were assayed for dipeptidase activity in vitro. Glycyl-L-leucine, L-leucyl glycine, glycyl-L-lysine, and L lysyl glycine were hydrolyzed by placental homogenates. The pH optimum for the reaction was 8.0. The relationship between enzyme activity and concentration was linear for placental homogenate concentrations between 0.01 and 0.10 mg protein/ml of reaction mixture. Enzyme activities were 1.92 +/- 0.12 (S.E.) micromoles/min/mg protein for hydrolysis of glycyl-L-leucine, 0.34 +/- 0.06 (S.E.) micromoles/min/mg protein for hydrolysis of glycyl-L-lysine by human placenta, and 2.79 +/- 0.80 micromoles/min/mg protein and 0.41 +/- 0.25 micromoles/min/mg protein, respectively, by ovine placenta. The infusion of glycyl-L-leucine into the uterine artery of unstressed catheterized pregnant ewes yielded increased concentrations of both component amino acids in uterine venous blood and of leucine in umbilical venous blood. PMID- 7220142 TI - Pediatric research: substance and process. PMID- 7220143 TI - Immunoelectrophoretic studies on human small intestinal brush border proteins. The residual isomaltase in sucrose intolerant patients. AB - Small intestinal biopsies from three patients with sucrose intolerance (sucrase isomaltase deficiency) were studied by means of immunoelectrophoresis and enzymatic assays. All patients lacked sucrase activity (less than 1 unit/g protein). One of the patients had a substantial isomaltase activity (7.8 unit/g protein). Immunoelectrophoresis revealed the presence of the isomaltase polypeptide of the sucrase-isomaltase in this patient. None of the biopsies showed any precipitate that might represent a modified inactive sucrase protein. PMID- 7220144 TI - Serum proteins agglutinate cilia and modify ciliary coordination. AB - A quantifiable assay is described in which the lateral cilia of the sea mussel Mytilus edulis are used to examine the effects of serum on ciliary function. Human sera and sera from a variety of animals have been found to induce a change in ciliary metachrony. This alteration in activity appears to be brought about by the agglutination of adjacent cilia into blocks, with the effect of increasing the wavelength; the beat frequency remains steady. Parallel studies with the rabbit cilia assay have shown the agglutination of tracheal cilia into clumps by adult bovine serum. The dilution of adult bovine serum lengthens the time before dyskinesia is first observed in both the Mytilus and rabbit assays. Fetal bovine or human cord sera do not cause ciliary dyskinesia or ciliary agglutination. The evidence presented shows that the observed ciliary dyskinesia can be induced by sera from a variety of animals and is not specific to cystic fibrosis; it also suggests that the serum immunoglobulin fraction is responsible for these effects- initial studies implicate IgM. PMID- 7220146 TI - Development of gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. I. The effect of age on intestinal permeability to macromolecules. AB - Indirect evidence has suggested that increased quantities of antigen may penetrate the intestinal mucosa and enter the systemic circulation during the newborn period compared to adult life. However, no direct measurement of macromolecular transport has been reported as a function of perinatal age. To study this process, we administered 100 mg of tritiated bovine serum albumin ([3H]BSA) by gavage to rabbits at birth, one wk, 2 wk, 6 wk, and one year of age and measured plasma radioactivity 4 hr after gavage. Plasma concentration of trichloroacetic acid insoluble radioactivity and immunoreactive bovine serum albumin radioactivity decreased significantly after one wk of age. When adult animals were gavaged with the same amount of [3H]BSA per body weight as the one wk-old animals, they failed to transport as much of the antigen as the younger animals. This study, therefore, provides objective evidence that the intestinal mucosal barrier of newborns may be incompletely developed at birth and allow increased intestinal transport of antigens into the circulation. PMID- 7220145 TI - Betamethasone and the rhesus fetus: effect on lung morphometry and connective tissue. AB - Pregnant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at 67 to 85% of term pregnancy were treated with betamethasone for 3 days and then delivered by cesarean section. These treated fetuses had larger lung volumes (32.6 +/- 1.8 ml/kg of body weight) compared to gestational age-matched controls (22.9 +/- 3.2 ml/kg of body weight; P less than 0.025) but no alterations in surfactant properties as measured by amniotic fluid L/S ratios, alveolar deflation stability, or lung phosphatidylcholine. These findings suggest that betamethasone effects an increase in fetal lung volume by some method other than alteration in alveolar surfactant concentrations. Results also demonstrated an 11% increase in the collagen to elastin concentration in the treated fetuses as compared to the control animals (P less than 0.01), suggesting alterations in lung connective tissue. Morphometric studies done on the air-fixed inflated lung demonstrated a decrease in the number of alveoli per unit volume of lung among the treated animals (0.95 +/- 0.07 x 10(6)) compared to the control animals (1.19 +/- 0.08 x 10(6); P less than 0.025) and a reduction in the mean surface area of the lungs of the treated animals (506 +/- 10 cm2 per cm3) compared to the control animals (561 +/- 9 cm2 per cm3; P less than 0.005). These findings suggest that at least part of the increased maximal lung volumes is related to increased alveolar distensibility. Together, these pressure volume findings, biochemical studies, and morphometric analyses indicate that a major effect of betamethasone on the rhesus fetal lung is to alter lung connective tissue characteristics. Alterations in lung surfactant appear to be of less functional significance in this rhesus fetal model. The disparity between these findings and other animal studies might be due to differences in species, the preparation, or the method of glucocorticoid administration. PMID- 7220147 TI - The jejunal absorption of glucose oligomers in the absence of pancreatic enzymes. AB - We compared the absorption of carbohydrate from solutions of glucose oligomers and glucose in jejunal Thiry-Vella fistulae, a preparation deprived of pancreatic secretions. The studies were performed with two concentrations (90 and 360 mg/dl) of both glucose and the glucose oligomers. Carbohydrate absorption from glucose solutions (33.1 +/- 2.8, 115.9 +/- 8.9 micrograms/cm/min) was significantly greater (P less than 0.025; P less than 0.005) than that from oligomer solutions (26.6 +/- 2.1 and 92.4 +/- 9.0 micrograms/cm/min). Thin-layer analyses of the perfusates demonstrate digestion of oligomers with a chain length up to eleven and suggest digestion of oligomers of even greater chain length. Atrophy of the jejunal mucosa occurred over the course of the study as evidenced by a decrease in the ratio of villous height to crypt depth from 3.8 to 0.3, and by a 80% decrease in the activity of maltase, sucrase, and lactase. Atrophy was accompanied by a significant decline in the absorption of both glucose oligomers (P less than 0.005) and glucose (P less than 0.01) from the more concentrated solutions but the decrement in absorption of both carbohydrates was similar: glucose oligomers, 79.3 +/- 19.4 micrograms/cm/min; and glucose, 69.8 +/- 14 micrograms/cm/min (P greater than 0.20). Water absorption was enhanced by both carbohydrates, but there was no demonstrable difference between solutions of glucose and glucose oligomers. The osmolality of the solutions clearly influenced water absorption (P less than 0.025) but failed to effect the absorption of carbohydrates. PMID- 7220148 TI - Increased copper metallothionein in Menkes cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - Menkes fibroblasts contain a significantly greater amount of cysteine-rich 10,000 dalton copper-binding protein(s) (metallotheionein) than normal cells. Mutant fibroblasts incorporated 30 to 40% more tritiated amino acids into 10,000 dalton protein(s) than normal cells. The protein(s) was deficient in aromatic amino acids The amount of 35S-cysteine incorporated by the same protein(s) in Menkes fibroblasts was twice that of normal fibroblasts. Comparison of the 35 S:3H isotopic ratios of chromatographic fractions of both normal and Menkes cell lysates showed that only the proteins eluted in the 10,000 dalton peak were enriched in 35S-cysteine, and this ratio was always greater than in Menkes than in normal cells. The 10,000 molecular weight 35S-cysteine- and 3H-amino acid labeled peaks coincided with the 64Cu peak in both cell strains. The copper labeled peak was always greater in Menkes than in normal cells. No difference in the 64Cu:35S isotopic ratio in the 10,000 dalton peak was observed between normal and Menkes fibroblast strains. This finding shows the direct relationship between the amount of cysteine-rich 10,000 dalton protein(s) and the amount of 64Cu bound by this protein(s) in both Menkes and normal fibroblasts. DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography resulted in a further two-fold enrichment of the 10,000 dalton, sulfur-rich proteins that were eluted from the Sephadex G-75 column. Most of the labeled proteins from both normal and Menkes fibroblasts were eluted from the ion-exchange column in a single peak at a chloride concentration of approximately 30 mM. Polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of pooled fractions of the 10,000 dalton proteins eluted from the G-75 column and the DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange column showed no consistent differences in the staining pattern between normal and mutant fibroblast strains. When th acrylamide gels were sliced and subsequently counted for radioactive content, no band showed a further increase in the 35 S:3H isotopic ratio when compared to the electrophoresed samples that were eluted from the Sephadex G-75 or the ion-exchange columns. Also, no significant increase in the amount of radioactivity associated with a specific protein band could be demonstrated between the Menkes and the normal fibroblast strains. PMID- 7220149 TI - Vitamin E affects lung biochemical and morphologic response to hyperoxia in the newborn rabbit. AB - The effects of parenteral vitamin E treatment on aspects of the pulmonary biochemical and morphologic response to 100% oxygen were studied in newborn rabbits manifesting chemical evidence of vitamin E deficiency. Pups treated with 2 mg/100 g body weight increased serum vitamin E levels from 0.39 to 2.17 mg/dl by 72 hr and lung tissue vitamin E content from 3.52 to 17 mg/mg wet weight of lung. In vitro lipid peroxidation in lung homoginates of animals in 100% oxygen for 72 hr was inhibited by approximately 80% in animals receiving 100% oxygen plus vitamin E. Hyperoxia-induced increases in the pulmonary antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were diminished by vitamin E administration. Lungs from vitamin E-treated animals did not show the early lung epithelial injury seen in animals exposed to 100% oxygen but not treated with vitamin E. Mophometric analysis of lungs of animals in room air for 72 hr showed 81.6% of lung to be normal as compared with 43.3% normal lung in the group maintained in 100% oxygen for 72 hr. In the group treated with oxygen plus vitamin E, the lungs were similar to room air controls (82.6% normal). This study thus provides further evidence for a direct antioxident affect of vitamin E in lung. PMID- 7220150 TI - Tracheal banding in weanling rats diminishes lung growth and alters lung architecture. AB - We banded the trachea of 4-wk-old male rats and studied lung growth, lung morphometry, and static pulmonary mechanics 4 wk later. We compared the experimental animals to sham-operated male littermates of the same age, 8-wk-old normal male littermates, and weight-matched rats of a younger age. Tracheal banded animals were smaller and had significantly smaller absolute lung volumes fewer alveoli, larger interalveolar wall distances, and increased alveolar duct size compared to the other groups. Their lung volumes were significantly smaller than were those of weight-matched controls. Air-filled pressure-volume curves from the tracheal ligation group were shifted to the left and upward when expressed as a percentage of total lung capacity or by fitting exponentials to the pressure-volume curves. There was no difference in saline-filled pressure volume curves. We conclude that tracheal banding slows somatic growth and alters normal lung growth. Loss of elastic recoil appears to be due to alteration of surface forces. PMID- 7220151 TI - Maturation of renal tubular transport of digoxin. AB - Previous data have suggested an age-related increase in renal tubular secretion of digoxin in infants and children receiving long-term digoxin therapy. This phenomenon could be the result of a maturational process or secondary to chronic substrate stimulation. To investigate this question, two groups of 2-week-old paired littermate rats received intraperitoneal injections of either digoxin or an equal volume of normal saline (control) on alternate days until sacrificed at 4, 6, and 8 wk of age. An additional group of 12-wk-old rats were studied as controls. 125I-labeled digoxin uptake was measured in renal cortical slices as the cPM/mg wet tissue slice/medium ratio (S/M). Both digoxin-treated and control rats demonstrated significant age-related increments in digoxin uptake. S/M ratios at 4, 6, 8, and 12 wk in he control group were 1.34 +/- 0.06, 1.39 +/- 0.14, 1.62 +/- 0.18 and 1.93 +/- 0.23, respectively (mean +/- S.D.) (r = 0.81; P less than 0.001). S/M ratios in the digoxin-treated animals at 4, 6, and 8 wk were 1.28 +/- 0.16, 1.33 +/- 0.09, and 1.52 +/- 0.23, respectively (r = 0.50; P less than 0.025), but did not differ significantly at each age from those in the control group. 125I uptake was significantly reduced by both dinitrophenol and sodium azide, as well as by a 100% nitrogen atmosphere. These results indicate that renal tubular transport of digoxin is an age-related energy dependent process which probably is not subject to substrate stimulation. PMID- 7220152 TI - Short latency mechanically evoked peripheral nerve and somatosensory potentials in newborn infants. AB - Mechanically evoked short-latency potentials were recorded from ten newborn infants ranging in gestational age from 36 to 42 wk and from a 3-month-old infant during natural sleep. Potentials were recorded from four electrode configurations: (1) over the peripheral nerve at the wrist: distal-proximal; (2) over the peripheral nerve at the axilla-deltoid insertion; (3) over the cervical spinal cord and cerebrum: CII-Fpz; and (4) over the cerebrum: C4-Fpz. All subjects produced clear potentials from configurations 1, 2 and 3. Configuration 4 produced reliable potentials only in one newborn who was large for gestational age (42 wk) and the 3-month-old infant. Average peripheral nerve conduction velocities were 26 m/sec from wrist to axilla and 29 m/sec from axilla to neck. No significant correlation was found between conceptional age and nerve conduction velocity. The application of this technique could allow lesion localization in peripheral as well as central portions of the somatosensory pathway of newborns. PMID- 7220153 TI - Theophylline metabolism during the first month of life and development. AB - The metabolic pathway of theophylline (T) was studied in 12 newborns, one young infant, six children, and three adult volunteers. T was injected IV, and blood and urine samples were assayed for T, caffeine (C), and their metabolites by a high-pressure liquid chromatography technique. We confirmed the methylation of T to C in newborn infants but not in older subjects. Demethylation of T to 3 methylxanthine was found in the young infant, in children, and in adults, but not in newborns. The major products excreted by neonates were T, 1-methyluric acid, and 1,3-dimethyluric acid. Children excreted a larger fraction of methyluric acids than adults. Renal and body clearance of T and C are reported and discussed in relation to the age. PMID- 7220154 TI - Absorption of free and peptide-linked glycine and phenylalanine in children with active celiac disease. AB - Using a marker perfusing technique, the jejunal absorption rates of glycine and phenylalanine from test solutions containing either the free amino acids or glycyl-phenylalanine (30 mM each) were studied in five children with active celiac disease and in three controls. Changes in plasma amino acid levels during intestinal loading were also investigated. Mean values of intestinal uptake rates (micromoles/min/20 cm segment) in patients and controls were found to be as follows: free glycine, 19.3 +/- 21.8 and 74.5 +/- 10.3; peptide-linked glycine, 45.0 +/- 12.4 and 110.7 +/- 20,1; free phenylalanine, 33.6 +/- 19.6 and 106.1 +/- 10.6; peptide-linked phenylalanine, 44.5 +/- 14.3 and 113.6 +/- 11.1, respectively. Thus, amino acid absorption is higher from peptide-linked glycine and phenylalanine, and the advantage of individual amino acid absorption from dipeptide seems to be maintained in the disease state. Changes of amino acid levels in plasma do not reflect impaired intestinal absorption because the levels of phenylalanine increased to the same extent in patients and in controls, and the increment of glycine was found to be higher in the patients group. PMID- 7220155 TI - The effects of starvation and surgical injury on the plasma levels of glucose, free fatty acids, and neutral lipids in newborn babies suffering from various congenital anomalies. AB - Blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides were measured in blood obtained by heel prick from 32 neonatal surgical patients suffering from various cogenital malformations which prevented and adequate intake of milk. The result of almost complete starvation for up to 7 days was investigated and the effects of a surgical operation were studied in 12 of the babies. All the babies weighed more than 2 kg at birth. A surgical operation caused a rise in blood glucose concentration but a variable change in plasma concentration of FFA. Blood glucose returned to normal within 8 to 12 hr. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol and phospholipids did not change except in two babies in whom the concentration of both fell. Four to 24 hr after operation the plasma triglyceride level fell by an average of 25% but later rose. During starvation for 7 days the blood glucose concentration was maintained within normal limits. Plasma FFA concentration normally rose during the first 2 days of life and was very high between days 3 and 5. Plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, phospholipids, and total esterified fatty acids also increased after birth. The results suggest that during starvation in the neonate there is rapid mobilisation of fat from adipose tissue stores and a reduction in the peripheral utilisation of glucose. There was no evidence to suggest any impairment of fat mobilisation or metabolism even after starvation for 7 days. After surgical injury, these changes were accentuated because the rate of utilisation of fat was greater than that of mobilisation. PMID- 7220156 TI - [Sensitization and allergic infantile asthma in the Campania region]. PMID- 7220159 TI - [Minor salmonellosis in pediatrics: cases at the Pediatric Clinic I]. PMID- 7220158 TI - [Electrocardiographic and radiologic evaluation in cardiac involvement in patients with beta-thalassemia major]. PMID- 7220160 TI - [2 cases of Salmonella Meningitis]. PMID- 7220157 TI - [Acute respiratory dis observed in a Palermo pediatric ward during the 1st months of 1979: etiologic role of syncytial respiratory virus]. PMID- 7220162 TI - [Indicators of general morbidity among students of specialized sports classes]. PMID- 7220163 TI - [Characteristics of obesity in young children]. PMID- 7220161 TI - [Enuresis]. PMID- 7220166 TI - [Case of leprechaunism in a girl]. PMID- 7220165 TI - [Treatment of cerebral-pituitary nanism with human growth hormone]. PMID- 7220167 TI - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of orbital neoplasms in children]. PMID- 7220168 TI - [Relationship between biological age and the morphofunctional characteristics of children and adolescents]. PMID- 7220164 TI - [Various characteristics of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in newborn infants with large body mass]. PMID- 7220169 TI - [Various clinico-anatomical aspects of teratoma and teratoblastoma of the sacrococcygeal region]. PMID- 7220170 TI - [Dysplasia epiphysialis punctata]. PMID- 7220171 TI - [Seasonal variations of birth rate of children with scoliosis]. PMID- 7220172 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of chronic pancreatitis in children]. PMID- 7220173 TI - [Characteristics of specific desensitization in pollinoses in children of the Stavropol area]. PMID- 7220174 TI - [Otogenic cerebral arachnoiditis in children]. PMID- 7220175 TI - [Graphs and their use in clinical pediatrics]. PMID- 7220176 TI - [Alcoholic embryopathies]. PMID- 7220177 TI - [Role of caliperometry in the evaluation of physical development and nutrition status of preschool children]. PMID- 7220179 TI - [Lysozyme in the oropharyngeal secretion and blood serum in children with chronic diseases of the liver and biliary tract]. PMID- 7220180 TI - [Unsolved problems of vaccination according to epidemiological indications]. PMID- 7220178 TI - [Dermatoglyphics in children with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7220182 TI - [Evaluation of the dynamics of physical development of adolescents]. PMID- 7220181 TI - [Rational organization of prophylactic vaccination in a city]. PMID- 7220183 TI - [Repeated risk of giving birth to an infant affected with cleft lip and palate]. PMID- 7220184 TI - [Diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 7220185 TI - [Importance of studying the intracellular indices of acid-base balance in premature infants]. PMID- 7220186 TI - [Importance of cytochemical studies in the early diagnosis and determination of the prognosis in hypoxic brain damage in newborn infants]. PMID- 7220187 TI - [Infusion therapy of asphyxia neonatorum]. PMID- 7220188 TI - [Patent ductus arteriosus and the respiratory disorder syndrome in premature newborn infants]. PMID- 7220189 TI - [External respiratory function in the newborn infants of mothers with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7220190 TI - [Effect of phototherapy on blood lipid indices in premature newborn infants with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia]. PMID- 7220191 TI - [State of humoral protection factors in sepsis in premature newborn infants and during their antibiotic treatment]. PMID- 7220193 TI - [Clinical aspects of the use of antistaphylococcal plasma on newborn infants with varying manifestations of staphylococcal infection]. PMID- 7220192 TI - [Blood lipid and phospholipid spectra in sepsis in premature infants]. PMID- 7220194 TI - [Characteristics of the hydrolytic and absorptive capacity of the intestines in infants with hypotrophy]. PMID- 7220195 TI - [Role of the chief specialist in the nutrition of the healthy and sick child in improving the organization of child nutrition]. PMID- 7220196 TI - [A classification of the clinical forms of epidemic parotitis (on the results of a discussion in the journal Pediatriia)]. PMID- 7220197 TI - [Results of a discussion on the classification of chronic nutritional disorders in young infants]. PMID- 7220198 TI - [Grouping of the varieties of localized suppurative infection in newborn infants]. PMID- 7220199 TI - [Diagnostic, clinical and treatment problems of sepsis in infants]. PMID- 7220200 TI - [Thromboses and embolisms in heart disease in children]. PMID- 7220201 TI - [Isolated patent ductus arteriosus in infants in the 1st year of life (clinical aspects, diagnosis, surgical treatment and late results)]. PMID- 7220202 TI - [Complete congenital atrioventricular block in children]. PMID- 7220203 TI - [Energy metabolism in erythrocytes in coronary circulatory disorders in adolescents]. PMID- 7220204 TI - [Effect of cardiac glycosides on myocardial contractile function and hemodynamics in a circulatory disorder of children with mitral valve insufficiency]. PMID- 7220205 TI - [Clinical functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system in hereditary hyperlipoproteinemia in children]. PMID- 7220206 TI - [Hemodynamics in mucoviscidosis in children]. PMID- 7220210 TI - [Circadian rhythm of urinary catecholamine excretion in healthy children and in children with rheumatism with circulatory failure]. PMID- 7220207 TI - [Status and developmental prospects of the pediatric cardiorheumatology service in the USSR]. PMID- 7220209 TI - [Role of biomicroscopy of the bulbar conjunctiva in diagnosing microcirculatory disorders in rheumatism in children]. PMID- 7220208 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin content in preschool children with nonrheumatic myocardial lesions]. PMID- 7220211 TI - [Late observations of children receiving leukeran in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7220212 TI - [Clinical aspects and pathogenesis of primary arterial hypertension in children]. PMID- 7220213 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of acquired cardiopathies in children]. PMID- 7220214 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in orthostasis in children and adolescents with primary arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7220215 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the functional indices of the arteries and peripheral hemodynamics in healthy adolescents and young subjects]. PMID- 7220217 TI - Relationship aspects of hypnotic susceptibility. AB - If hypnosis is seen from an interpersonal point of view it could be hypothesized that aspects of the relationship existing between the hypnotist and the subject prior to hypnosis would probably be related to the subject's susceptibility to the hypnosis. A study was conducted to test this hypothesis. 19 volunteer subjects were individually tested for hypnotic susceptibility using the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales, Form A. In each case this was preceded by a short tape-recorded non-directive interview. Four independent raters rated the interviews on 10 behavioral dimensions plus general "hypnotizability," using seven-point scales. Although the coefficients of interrater agreement were generally low, the signs of the correlations between mean ratings and Stanford scores were as predicted in all 11 cases. Three of the correlations were significant. From a principal components analysis on the intercorrelation matrix, three factors emerged of which one was labelled Hypnotic Susceptibility. PMID- 7220216 TI - [Role of the sympathetic-adrenal system in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in adolescents]. PMID- 7220218 TI - Is the Vando Scale a valid measure of perceptual reactance? AB - A test of the validity of the Vando Scale of perceptual reactance was made by correlating Vando Scale scores with objective pain tolerance, subjective discomfort, distortion in estimation of duration of discomfort, and assertiveness. 84 college women participated in an ice water-tolerance task. Higher scores associated with less subjective discomfort, greater time distortion and reduced submissiveness. Objective tolerance was not correlated with scale scores. It was concluded that the Vando Scale has relatively low construct validity and may be very sensitive to the demand characteristics of the research situation. PMID- 7220219 TI - Visual vs auditory encoding of linguistic material in comparison of sentences and pictures. AB - The present study was designed to determine if there is a facilitating effect of aural vs visual linguistic input in comprehension of a sentence which expresses a spatial relationship between objects in a picture, e.g., "Star is above square." The sample was composed of 10 male and 10 female undergraduate students in psychology. One group was presented with sentences aurally to compare with tachistoscopically presented pictures, while another was presented written sentences along with pictures. The main finding was that reaction times were significantly less in the auditory group than the visual group, while there was no statistically significant difference in errors. Several previous findings relating to the characteristics of sentence types were replicated. It was concluded that several alternative strategies are made possible when stimuli are presented aurally which are probably due to the compatibility of listening and looking tasks. PMID- 7220220 TI - Implicit verbal coding of visual information for normal and learning disabled readers. PMID- 7220221 TI - Field dependence, practice, and low illumination as related to the Farnsworth Munsell 100-Hue Test. AB - 36 soldiers were given the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test to: (1) validate published research in which a field-independent group had been found to be superior to a field-dependent group in discriminating colors; (2) investigate unpublished findings in which substantial improvement had been shown in color discrimination performance over five trials of the 100-Hue test; and (3) determine the effect of low illumination (25 w, 40 w, and 60 w) on performance of the color discrimination task. A field-independent and a field-central group each performed significantly more accurately than a field-dependent group under all illumination conditions, and seven repeated administrations at 100 w resulted in significant improvements in performance. Color discrimination in the 25-w condition was significantly poorer than in the other illumination conditions. The implications are discussed. PMID- 7220223 TI - Social facilitation and listening comprehension. PMID- 7220222 TI - Relationship of reinforcement by student clinicians and peers to accuracy of imitated grammatical constructions during language training. AB - Percentages of correctly imitated grammatical constructions were examined within a framework of reinforcement theory. Four small treatment groups, each of 4 language-delayed children, were repeatedly observed interacting with different student-clinicians. The Therapy Reinforcement Schedule was used to obtain frequency counts of verbal and non-verbal reinforcements so that within each language group the students could be objectively divided into those who frequently and infrequently were reinforcing, and the children into those for whom peer-reinforcement was high or low. The resulting 4 groups were compared for proportions of accurately imitated constructions with a repeated-measures analysis of variance design (student-clinicians' reinforcement x peers' reinforcement x trials). Correctly scored imitations increased significantly over trials. In addition, children interacting with frequently reinforcing students received higher imitation scores than those with infrequently rewarding ones. Significant main effects of reinforcement by the peer group were not observed, although a reliable interaction of student-clinicians' reinforcement x peers' reinforcement was present. Regression analyses indicated the importance of certain types of reinforcements in predicting accuracy of imitation. PMID- 7220224 TI - Relationship between learning disabilities and juvenile delinquency. AB - Juvenile delinquency in the United States is increasing in incidence, and children are becoming involved in delinquent activity at a much younger age. Learning disabilities have been associated with juvenile delinquency. Learning disabled children are labeled by teachers and peers as different, which may alienate them from "normal society." If children reject social institutions (such as school), they may seek alternative, frequently delinquent, activities. Learning disabled children must be identified so that programs which minimize the disability while emphasizing the children's strengths can be instituted. Since adjudicated delinquents of normal intelligence show a significant degree of academic underachievement, correctional programs must recognize the possibility of learning disability. Vocational training emphasizing an individual's strengths can be an effective alternative to traditional educational programs for delinquent juveniles. PMID- 7220225 TI - Response rates and choices of schizophrenics under fixed-ratio contingencies of reinforcement. AB - Schizophrenics (n = 12) were conditioned under different multiple fixed-ratio (mult FR FR) schedules of monetary reinforcement. The two FR components of these schedules differed in terms of ratio requirements (reinforcement frequency) or amounts of reinforcement per occurrence of reinforcement. Relatively low rates of responding were emitted by the schizophrenics under these schedules. Further, their response rates were positively correlated with the frequency and amount of FR reinforcement. In previous studies under comparable conditions, normal subjects tended to maximize reinforcement by responding at higher rates and to maintain these rates irrespective of the frequency or amount of FR reinforcement. When given the opportunity to select from among the two components of the mult FR FR schedules, the schizophrenics in the present study tended to respond like normal subjects in previous studies in that they chose to work predominantly under that FR component which provided the highest frequency or amount of reinforcement. It was concluded that schizophrenics resemble normals more and act more rationally in terms of maximizing reinforcement when reinforcement is less dependent upon rates of responding. PMID- 7220226 TI - Comparative study of factor structure of Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices. AB - The Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices were administered on group or individual bases to children ranging in age from 4 yr. 9 mo. to 11 yr. 0 mo. (N = 728). Factor analysis yielded three factors: 1. Perceptual closure involving complex figures and patterns with heterogeneous inner structures, 2. Concrete and abstract reasoning, 3. Completion of homogeneous patterns and recognition of given elements. Factor matrix comparisons across age groups resulted in a mean similarity coefficient of .75. Comparisons of data with earlier analyses also resulted in high similarity. This supports the hypothesis of a three-factor structure rather than a four-factor solution or a simple dual classification into items which can be solved by perceptual processes and those which require conceptual solutions. PMID- 7220227 TI - Relationship between ocular dominance and field-dependence/independence. AB - This research was undertaken to study the relationship between field dependence/independence and ocular (sighting) dominance for 37 female undergraduate subjects. The intention was to verify whether differences in field dependence/independence exist between subjects showing right, left, intermediate, and fluctuating dominance on a test of ocular dominance. PMID- 7220229 TI - Temporal factors associated with Rorschach space responses. AB - Temporal test-taking factors associated with the Rorschach white space response were investigated employing the individually administered protocols of 116 medical students. The temporal response rates of DS and DDS were examined separately against the response rate expectancies of D and DD, respectively. Response rates for both space response categories did not differ from these expectancies, countering claims that S is an artifact associated with longer blot viewing. PMID- 7220228 TI - Meridional size disparity as a function of compressed inferior visual space: a case in point. AB - This case report describes a very unusual form of aniseikonia which was eventually documented to be variable within the total field of vision and limited to vertical space perception. Initially the condition could be partially relieved by monocular occlusion, visual training procedure, and the use of isoikonic lenses. Ultimately, the greatest improvement was produced by the introduction of prismatic properties to the lenses which directly addressed the patient's problem of meridional space perception. PMID- 7220230 TI - Preliminary investigation of transfer between single-word decoding ability and contextual reading comprehension by poor readers in grade six. AB - The study sought to investigate transfer between single-word decoding skill and contextual reading comprehension using 60 sixth grade pupils classified as 30 poor and 30 very poor readers. There were two training groups, content-specific and non-content-specific. One group received single-word decoding training, which led to decoding mastery of all words to be read in narrative prose passages and the accompanying literal and inferential comprehension questions. The other group learned to identify and pronounce words, equal in difficulty and number to those of the content-specific group but never a part of the passages and questions for the study. Pupils given content-specific training answered significantly more literal and inferential questions correctly than did those given non-content specific training. It is suggested that there is transfer between single-word decoding skill and contextual, literal and inferential comprehension. PMID- 7220231 TI - Distribution of eyeblink amplitude recorded by an electrode hookup: re examination. AB - The present experiment was run to re-examine the distributional properties of the eyeblink amplitude elicited by a burst of 110-dB white noise, recorded by an electrode hookup as recommended in our previous report (Yamada, Yamasaki, & Miyata, 1979). 103 volunteers, 54 males and 49 females, were tested. Analysis showed that the amplitudes were distributed normally when a logarithmic transformation was performed but not when the raw scores were used. We conclude that the amplitude of the startle eyeblink reflex has a log-normal distribution property. PMID- 7220232 TI - Size-analysis of retinal images by orientation detectors. AB - A model for the determination of retinal-image size is presented. The size analysis is based upon the range of orientation detectors activated by a stimulus. The model is applied to size aftereffects and is also used to predict changes in perceived size in configurations which may be expected to affect the range of orientation detectors activated. The relevance of the model to illusions of direction and the perceived length of lines forming angles is also discussed. PMID- 7220233 TI - Effect of perceived size upon perceived brightness. AB - The increase in perceived size which occurs with an increase in perceived brightness has been known for some time. A reverse effect--an increase in perceived brightness with a decrease in perceived size--is demonstrated. PMID- 7220234 TI - Validating optimal response modes of learning disabled children. AB - To determine optimal and least effective response modes of learning disabled children, the procedure described by Owen, Braggio, and Ellen (1976) and the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities were used. On the basis of pretest and posttest comparisons on selected subtests, the performance of these children could be described as individual or multiple combinations of covert-, vocal-, or visual/manual-response modes. This learning style analysis was validated by presenting a paired-associate task to the children using an administration similar to (matched condition) or different from (unmatched condition) the child's optimal response mode. More items were recalled under the matched condition than under the unmatched condition. Also, the children with multiple response modes recalled more items than the learning disabled children with single optimal response modes. These results suggest that disabled children may do poorly on academic tasks because they may not have enough optimal response modes, or are unable to select the most appropriate mode of responding as required by a task. The use of optimal response modes as an aid in the diagnosis and remediation of educational handicaps is discussed. PMID- 7220237 TI - Figure embeddedness as a function of the orientation embedding-field contours. AB - The 'oblique effect' was studied with the use of an embedded-figures task in which the percentage of contextual or embedding contours aligned in the same orientations as those comprising the hidden forms was systematically varied. For hidden forms comprised either of horizontal and vertical contours, or of oblique (45 degree and 135 degree) contours, search times increased markedly as the percentage of aligned contextual contours increased. Although the rate at which embeddedness increased was the same for both orientations, search times were consistently greater for locating obliquely oriented targets (p less than 0.05), and search time variance was significantly greater (p less than 0.025) on trials in which the hidden form was oblique. The results suggest that the laws of organization governing embeddedness apply equally to oblique and horizontal vertical orientations, but perceptual processing of oblique orientations is poorer. The relationship between search time and aligned contour is discussed in terms of the dual processes of extraction and synthesis in visual search. PMID- 7220236 TI - The effect of similarity between line segments on the correspondence strength in apparent motion. AB - The correspondence between line segments in apparent motion is shown to be affected by the similarity between them. Increase in orientation difference or in length ratio between lines in a competing motion configuration decreases the probability of perceived apparent motion between them. The results suggest the existence of a built-in preference metric that may reflect a measure of matching likelihood between elements in three-dimensional space. PMID- 7220238 TI - Relation of brightness to threshold for light-adapted and dark-adapted rods and cones: effects of retinal eccentricity and target size. AB - 'Equal-brightness' functions of retinal eccentricity and target diameter were measured by a matching procedure, and compared with the corresponding threshold functions for four different adaptation conditions: light-adapted cones (LAC), dark-adapted cones (DAC), light-adapted rods (LAR) and dark-adapted rods (DAR). The separation between log brightness matches and log thresholds decreased with eccentricity and increased with target size for all adaptation conditions, but overall separation was substantially greater for the DAR condition than for the other three. A two-channel model of achromatic brightness is proposed to explain the results. The model assumes 'strong' and 'weak' channels, which contribute unequally to brightness. These channels are tentatively identified with tonic and phasic classes of retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 7220235 TI - Variation in suicide and homicide by latitude and longitude. PMID- 7220240 TI - Modifications of the classical notion of Panum's fusional area. AB - It is generally believed that there is an absolute disparity limit for binocular fusion; objects with disparities within this limit, known as Panum's fusional area, will appear fused and single, while objects with disparities outside the limit appear double. It is demonstrated, however, that the disparity gradient, rather than the disparity magnitude, dictates binocular fusion when several objects occur near one another in the visual field. The disparity gradient is defined as the difference between the disparities of neighboring objects divided by their angular separation. If this ratio exceeds a critical value (approximately 1) then fusion does not occur, even though the absolute disparities of the individual objects may be well within the classical Panum's area. This discovery leads to the reinterpretation of several enigmatic phenomena in stereopsis, including Panum's limiting case. PMID- 7220239 TI - The double-nail illusion: experiments on binocular vision with nails, needles, and pins. AB - When two nails or similar slender objects are held straight ahead at reading distance, one a few centimetres behind the other and aligned at the same eye level, they are seen side by side rather than one behind the other. A quantitative study of this 'double-nail' illusion shows that the objects are judged to be at the positions of the so-called apparent or ghost images known from fusional theories of stereopsis. Most recent fusional theories assume that apparent images are suppressed by neuronal interactions, and the usual absence of percepts corresponding with apparent images is often quoted as an argument against 'projection' theories of stereopsis. The double-nail illusion shows, however, that percepts which correspond with apparent images do occur. The results are interpreted in terms of a neuronal-network type of fusional theory, in which the interpretation that corresponds with the minimum overall disparity is assumed to dominate. The following parameters were varied in the experiments: length, width, colour, and contrast for each of the nails; and fixation point position; and the orientation of the nail carrier. The results show that identity of the stimuli is not a necessary condition for the illusion. A stable vergence can be enforced by the double-nail illusion, and with additional nails multistable states of vergence can be obtained. PMID- 7220241 TI - A dichoptic edge effect resulting from binocular contour dominance. AB - If one eye sees a bright field on a dark surround while a homogeneous background is presented to the other eye, then a distinct dark zone appears at the outer borders of the field. If the surround is coloured, then the zone is of corresponding hue. The effect disappears if the edge of the field can be fused with a bar of appropriate contrast. The influence of parameters such as pattern contrast and size were studied quantitatively. A model is proposed relating the effect to receptive-field organisation and the fusion process. PMID- 7220242 TI - The perceived spatial frequency, contrast, and orientation of illusory gratings. AB - Illusory vertical gratings (V) and diagonal gratings (D) can be seen on a uniform field after inspection of a vertical grating. When using simultaneous and successive matching techniques the spatial frequencies of the V effect were found to be about 2 octaves below and 1-2 octaves above the adapting spatial frequency, but to be invariant with temporal frequency. At high adapting frequencies the D effect dominated, and was about 0.8 octave below the adapting spatial frequency, oriented about +/-35 degrees from vertical. The apparent contrast of V was about twice the value of the contrast threshold at its apparent spatial frequency. D effects seen during adaptation were about 60 degrees from vertical and 3 octaves below the adapting frequency. The results are interpreted in terms of inhibition and disinhibition in an organized matrix of tuned channels, and the dominant pattern of inhibition in the matrix is inferred. Supporting evidence from neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, and psychophysics is briefly reviewed. An appendix deals with the question of interocular transfer of the aftereffect. PMID- 7220243 TI - Detection of elasticity as an invariant property of objects by young infants. AB - Three-month-old infants were habituated to two different motions of deformation, presented 'live' with an object of sponge rubber. After habituation, one-third of the subjects was presented with a third deforming motion; one-third was presented with a rigid motion of the same object; and the other third was presented with a continuation of the habituation sequence. The group presented with a rigid motion dishabituated, exhibiting a sharp increase in looking time. The other two groups showed little or no increase. These results suggest that infants perceive elasticity of substance, in contrast to rigidity, as an invariant property of an object over different deforming motions. PMID- 7220244 TI - The detection of auditory visual desynchrony. AB - Subjects were presented with a film and its soundtrack through apparatus which enabled asynchrony between picture and sound to be increased. It was found that asynchrony is more easily detected when sound precedes picture, and for a hammer hitting a peg than for someone speaking. These preliminary results suggest that we learn to tolerate the asynchrony between hearing and vision produced by the slower transmission of sound than of light. PMID- 7220245 TI - New casting material and improved functional design for lower femoral fracture bracing. AB - A new water setting light plastic plaster material, Crystona, is presented and its plaster room characteristics compared with plaster of Paris. Plaster of Paris is considered better as the "acute fracture splinting material" in the Accident Service setting. Crystona, however, has considerable advantages as the "dynamic bracing material" in the post-acute fracture period and is demonstrated in the functional bracing of femoral shaft fractures. An improved functional cast brace design is presented, the "Knee Hinge Cylinder Brace" with a simple waist belt suspension to a hinged tube cast without the foot in the treatment of distal half femoral fractures. Using Crystona and the cylinder brace design, the cast weight has been reduced by half and the functional limb bracing improved with free mobilization of the knee, ankle and foot. The prescription, application technique and early clinical experiences are presented. PMID- 7220246 TI - Hip hinge thigh brace for early mobilization of proximal femoral shaft fractures. AB - A new design, the 'Hip Hinge Thigh Brace' is presented for the safe early functional mobilization of patients with proximal half femoral shaft fractures. The mechanics, prescription, application technique and early clinical experience are reported. Use of the newer Crystona plastic plaster is shown to provide a more functional brace than the plaster of Paris casts. PMID- 7220247 TI - Case note-a combined end-bearing and patellar-tendon-bearing prosthesis for Chopart's amputation. AB - Disarticulation between the proximal talus and calcaneous, and the distal navicular and cuboid (Chopart's disarticulation) was probably first performed in Britain by Syme in Edinburgh in 1829. Although initially successful, it fell into disrepute because of equinus deformity that developed as a result of the unopposed action of the soleus-gastrocnemius muscles and tendoachilles on the os calcis. Callosities and corns developed on the anterior aspect of the skin flap. These could become rather painful and troublesome at times. Nevertheless, it is an operation that is performed occasionally, and has a place in the range of conservative distal amputations of the lower limb. Whatever the views of the prosthetic team, they may be faced with a surgical "fait accompli" for which they have to provide a suitable prosthesis. There are various prostheses available but we describe a prosthesis required to fulfil a cosmetic, functional and combined end-bearing and patellar-bearing need. PMID- 7220248 TI - Reproducibility of gait measurement using the Lamoreux goniometer. AB - The self-aligning goniometer system of the Lamoreux type mounted on an exo skeleton was applied ten times on the same normal person to measure hip and knee flexion and extension movements. The standard deviation of full measurement was found to be approximately 5 per cent of the hip excursion and 10 per cent of the knee excursion. These figures were found throughout the test series as well as within each single test run. The goniometer is considered a useful tool for clinical gait analysis. PMID- 7220250 TI - The determinations of the changes in MCV by means of a mathematical model based on a spectrophotometric method. PMID- 7220249 TI - A clinical study of amputations of the lower limb. AB - A retrospective study of 525 cases of lower limb amputation attending the Outpatient Department of the Rehabilitation and Artificial Limb Centre and various rural clinics from January 1976 to March 1978 was carried out. Males outnumbered females and the majority of cases were in the 3rd decade. Trauma was the most common cause of amputation followed by peripheral vascular disease and neoplastic lesions. The stump was considered to be satisfactory in more than half of the cases studied. Proper postoperative care was lacking in most of those amputated at other centres. PMID- 7220251 TI - Immunoblastic sarcoma. Clinical, immunological and histological characteristics. PMID- 7220252 TI - Geophagia in iron deficiency disease. PMID- 7220253 TI - Loss of activity of angiotensin I and II in the perfused heart and kidney. PMID- 7220254 TI - [Advances in gerontology will improve the quality of life for the aged]. PMID- 7220255 TI - [How laboratory values change with advanced age]. PMID- 7220256 TI - [Care of the aged in Scandinavia]. PMID- 7220257 TI - [Instead of pensions: differentiated jobs to suit the abilities of people of different ages]. PMID- 7220258 TI - [Preparation for the retirement age in Norway]. PMID- 7220259 TI - [Special health centers for the elderly are organized in Finland]. PMID- 7220260 TI - [Heath and mortality among 80-year-olds. An epidemiological survey]. PMID- 7220262 TI - [People with coronary disease can also take sauna baths]. PMID- 7220261 TI - [Quality of life and old age]. PMID- 7220263 TI - [Nordisk Medicin congress calendar]. PMID- 7220264 TI - [Myths and reality regarding aging]. PMID- 7220265 TI - Arthrosis in the elbow joint of young rapidly growing dogs. V. A pathoanatomical investigation. AB - During a 3 year period the elbow joints of dogs subjected to autopsy were specially subjected to autopsy were specially investigated regarding the lesions A Ununited or fragmented coronoid process, B Fissure of the coronoid process, C Osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral condyle, and D Ununited anconeal process. Other findings as erosions, wear and tear furrows and degree of osteophyte formation at different locations, are described. The lesions A, B, C and D were seen in 120 dogs and the Rottweilers, the Retriever breeds and the German Shepherd Dogs were most disposed although lesions of the coronoid process were seen in dogs of different size as in a Miniature Poodle and a Pomeranian. Fragmented coronoid process was the lesion most frequently seen among the affected breeds. Fissure of the coronoid process was most frequently seen among Rottweilers while osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral condyle was a frequent finding among Golden Retrievers. Ununited anconeal process was only seen in 7 of the 236 joints investigated. This lesion was the one leading to the highest degree of osteophyte formation. Next to this were fragmented coronoid process and osteochondritis dissecans, while fissure of the coronoid process led to a small degree of osteophyte formation. Histopathological investigation of the coronoid process revealed that fissure and fracture lines occurred in joints in which no degeneration of the joint cartilage was detected, as well as in joints in which thickened and degenerated hyalin cartilage (osteochondrosis) was seen. The authors conclude that fissures seem to be an early stage of fragmentation, but do not necessarily lead to fracture. The condition may be due to osteochondrosis, to general or local overloading of normal tissue or to generalized weakness of the joint cartilage and the bone in combination with mechanical overloading. The term fragmentation of the coronoid process, as proposed by Olsson in 1976, is a more appropriate term for the condition than the previously used ununited coronoid process. PMID- 7220267 TI - [The incidence and distribution of bovine botulism in Denmark 1959--1978 and its relation to "contagious bulbar paralysis in cattle" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220269 TI - [French, European, and international congresses and medical and scientific meetings from 1981 to 1985]. PMID- 7220266 TI - A study of skin diseases in dogs and cats. VI. Microflora of the major canine pyodermas. AB - From 40 dogs with pyoderma swabs from areas with representative lesions were examined bacteriologically. Staph. aureus was found in 98% of the areas, beta hemolytic streptococci in 30%, and Gram-negative organisms, mainly Proteus spp., in 30% (Table I). Pure infection with Staph. aureus was found in 55% of the areas. Staph. aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococci were found in 15%, Staph. aureus and Gram-negative organisms in 15%, Staph. aureaus and beta-hemolytic streptococci as well as Gram-negative organisms in 13%, and beta-hemolytic streptococci and Gram-negative organisms in 3% (Table II). Compared to normal and eczematous skin areas, Staph. aureus was found more often, and in greater numbers, in areas with pyoderma, whereas micrococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and Acinetobacter spp. were rarer. Gram-negative organisms such as Proteus spp., E. coli, and Pseudomonas spp. were found with equal frequency in eczema and pyoderma, while beta-hemolytic streptococci were almost exclusively associated with suppurative lesions (Tables IV and V). PMID- 7220268 TI - [Prevalence of Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni in Danish dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Rectal swabs from dogs were examined for Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni. The rate of positive findings from dogs with diarrhoea was 17.2% compared with 11.1% from the group of control dogs (without diarrhoea). Thus dogs may, under Danish conditions, be reservoir for Campylobacter. Most of the isolations were made on bloodagar after filtration of the samples through 0.6 mu filters. The selectivity of two media developed for examination of human faecal samples was either too low or too high for the present purpose. PMID- 7220270 TI - [Suspected pulmonary embolism. Concept of care to be given]. PMID- 7220271 TI - [Effects of dopamine on cardiac and hepatic index in man (author's transl)]. AB - Dopamine is known to increase cardiac output and, to a greater extent, renal blood flow. The purpose of this study was to find out whether renal blood flow is increased partly at the expense of splanchnic blood flow. The splanchnic blood flow was evaluated by measuring, according to Fick's principle, the estimated liver blood flow during a continuous infusion of indocyanine green. Each determination was coupled with a measurement of the cardiac output, using a thermodilution method. The results were corrected to body surface, thus providing a cardiac index (Cl) and a hepatic index (Hl). The study involved 10 subjects free from hepatic, haemodynamic or haemorrhagic disease and was carried out in 3 stages: determination of initial values, then of values under dopamine (10-12 micrograms. kg. min) and finally, control of return to initial levels. The results showed that dopamine produced a significant (p less than 0,01) increase in Cl (mean 44%) and an equally significant (p less than 0,01) increase in Hl (mean 66%), the difference between the two increases being also significant (p less than 0.05). There was a strong correlation between Cl and Hl during dopamine fusion. PMID- 7220274 TI - [Reversible distal mesenteric arteritis after continuous prolonged treatment with methylsergide]. PMID- 7220272 TI - [Combined cervical and thoracic approach to the removal of tumours responsible for the Pancoast and Tobias syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review the various treatments of the Pancoast and Tobias syndrome and propose a new surgical approach in two stages. The first, cervical stage involves resection of the internal half of the clavicle and of the first rib and dissection of the vessels and nerves lying in the supraclavicular fossa, so that the tumour can be lowered in one piece and exposed. The second stage consists of posterolateral thoracotomy with exeresis of the lung. The wide cervicotomy has several advantages: the tumour can be biopsied for extemporaneous histological examination, and its extension to the lymph nodes, thoracic wall and mediastinum can be assessed; freeing the nerves relieves pain and considerably facilitates the second stage of the operation. PMID- 7220273 TI - [Ulcerative colitis associated with chronic atrophic polychondritis. One case (author's transl)]. AB - A male patient has developed ulcerative colitis at the age of 70. Signs of chronic atrophic polychondritis appeared 9 months after the first attack. Subsequently, during the course of the disease each attack of ulcerative colitis was preceded by an exacerbation of polychondritis, which suggests a causal relationship rather than a chance association between the two conditions. The clinical response of polychondritis to sulfones in daily doses of 200 mg was satisfactory, but this dosage, which at present seems appropriate requires to be confirmed by further observations. PMID- 7220275 TI - [Embolization of a villous rectal tumor]. PMID- 7220276 TI - [Cerebral tomodensitometric anomalies in anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7220277 TI - [Cerebral radionecrosis after radiotherapy for frontal cutaneous epithelioma]. PMID- 7220279 TI - [Pulmonary arterial hypertension and systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7220278 TI - [Cardiogenic shock during acute poisoning with colchicine]. PMID- 7220280 TI - [Sezary syndrome with monoclonal gammopathy]. PMID- 7220281 TI - [Epidemiologic characteristics of coronary disease in France]. PMID- 7220282 TI - [Long-term side-effects of diuretics in the treatment of hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical and biochemical side-effects of diuretics administered without potassium supplement were monitored during one year in 58 hypertensive out patients. The only changes observed were a moderate rise in triglycerides (correlated with weight increase) and in blood glucose. Blood urea, creatinine, potassium, calcium, uric acid and cholesterol remained unchanged. The objections raised against the use of diuretics as anti-hypertensive agents, such as the need for close surveillance of biochemical values and the fear that the beneficial effects on blood pressure would be upset by an increase in other cardiovascular risk factors (some of which are still highly controversial), therefore appear to be unfounded. PMID- 7220283 TI - [Acute leukaemias with myelofibrosis. Clinical, cytohistological and evolutive aspects. Their place among malignant blood diseases with myelofibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - In a series of 154 patients with acute leukaemia (AL), 31 had myelofibrosis. The authors report in detail on 9 of these and demonstrate the distinctive features of this form of AL: pancytopenia is severe, circulating blast cells are rare, myelograms are difficult to read, and bone-marrow biopsies are necessary to the diagnosis, severity assessment and prognosis of the disease. Owing to the small number of cells, it is uneasy to distinguish these AL from acute myelofibrosis (a nosological entity which needs to be more precisely defined) and from megakaryoblastic leukaemias, recently individualized. PMID- 7220284 TI - [Tricuspid valve replacement with aortic valve allograft. Clinical and haemodynamic results more than five years after (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1970 and 1974, twenty-three patients with advanced multivalve lesions underwent tricuspid valve replacement with a human aortic valve allograft (26-28 mm in diameter) mounted on a Shumway ring. The mean follow-up was 76.7 months. Early post-operative mortality was 4.4% and late mortality 17.4%. The actuarial survival rate was 86.6% at 5 years and 74.2% at 8 years. In 1979, 17 out of 18 survivors (one was lost sight of) were reinvestigated by cardiologists. Late functional improvement z found in 82.2% of the cases; two patients failed to improve owing to recurrent mitral stenosis. On clinical examination 12 out of 15 subjects showed no sign of right ventricular failure. In 54% the cases phonocardiography revealed abnormal tricuspid sounds indicating variable and moderate deterioration of the allograft. Haemodynamic studies showed a significant decrease in mean right atrial pressure (p less than 0.001) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (p less than 0.001), and an increase in cardiac index (p less than 0.01). The diastolic gradient through the graft was always inferior to 3 mmHg (mean 1.2 mmHg), with little change on exercise. This was significantly less than the 3.9 mmHg gradient observed with tricuspid valve replacement using Hancok valve. These were the only tricuspid valve replacements performed in our unit in 1970-74. The satisfactory long-term results obtained contrast with the frequent deterioration observed in aortic valve replacements carried out during the same period by the same team, using the same technique PMID- 7220285 TI - [Acute diarrhoea due to Campylobacter jejuni in children (author's transl)]. AB - A systematic search for Campylobacter jejuni in stool cultures from children with acute diarrhoea showed within two months that the organism was present in 3 out of 17 children. Apart from diarrhoea, the symptoms were different in each case: one child had febrile dysentery, another exhibited symptoms resembling appendicitis and the third one had chronic diarrhoea with denutrition. The condition regressed spontaneously in two cases and after erythromycin treatment in one. Phase-contrast microscope examination of fresh stools may rapidly point to the diagnosis. Routine search for Campylobacter jejuni should yield information on the incidence and epidemiology of these infections in France. PMID- 7220286 TI - [Trisomy 18: prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 7220287 TI - [Water intoxication following gastric lavage]. PMID- 7220288 TI - [Ventricular tachycardia immediately following intravenous atropine injection in the initial stage of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7220289 TI - [Leg ulcer, circulating anticoagulant, situs inversus]. PMID- 7220290 TI - [Rectal ulcers caused by animal sodomy]. PMID- 7220291 TI - [Effects of thrombolytic agents on pulmonary and venous clots in severe pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-eight patients admitted to hospital for pulmonary embolism of recent onset were divides into four treatment groups. Group I patients (10) received streptokinase in does of 250,000 units over 20 minutes, followed by 100,000 units/hour for a total of 24 hours. Group II patients (8) received urinary urokinase 4,500 CTA units/kg/hour during 12 hours. Group III patients (10) were treated with urinary urokinase (112,500 CTA) units/hour during 24 hours) and heparin (500 units/kg/24 hours). Group IV patients (10) were given tissue urokinase and heparin, both in the same dosage as in group III patients. Pulmonary angiography and cavography were performed in all patients before treatment and within 24 hours of its termination. With regard to pulmonary emboli, improvement was most pronounced with streptokinase, with a gain of 15.7 points on Miller's index of severity, as against 9.6, 10.5 and 5.7 points for Group II, III and IV patients respectively. In peripheral venous thrombosis, streptokinase showed even greater superiority over other treatment, with a gain of 16 points of Marder's index, as against zero, 4.5 and 11.2 points for patients in Groups II, III and IV respectively. On biochemical tests, the decrease in fibrinaemia was more pronounced in Group I patients than in other groups. PMID- 7220292 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome: present views on causes and treatment. 250 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review a series of 250 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome who were operated upon and followed up, and report on an experimental study of the effects of local corticosteroid injections on the nervous fiber. Predominant among the various causes of syndrome were the so-called "rheumatic" conditions, chiefly fibrous hypertrophic tenosynovitis. Therapeutic indications and medical and surgical treatments are discussed. The need for limiting local corticosteroid therapy to one single injection is emphasized, together with the safety of surgical incision, which can be performed under nerve block anaesthesia and only requires a one-day stay in hospital. PMID- 7220293 TI - [Automated analysis of electrocardiograms at rest: present status (author's transl)]. AB - Computer interpretation of electrocardiograms was developed twenty years ago and is now routinely performed in the United States, where 9 different programs are being used. Depending on diagnosis and program, computer interpretation shows an 80-100% correlation with human interpretation. The systems provide an aid to diagnosis in preventive medicine and in hospitals without cardiologists, but since interpretations are standardized they are also useful in cardiology units, where they can be used to build up data banks, compare repeat ECGs with clinical findings and thus ultamately perfect electrocardiographic criteria. The use of this technique in Europe remains limited. In France, only two centers possess routine equipment. This feable diffusion is partly due to the cost of computer analysis, which can only compete with that of human interpretation if each system performs a sufficient number of ECGs. PMID- 7220294 TI - [Arterial hypertension due to abuse of sympathomimetic drugs. One case (author's transl)]. AB - A 36-year-old woman developed severe arterial hypertension after taking for five consecutive years increasing dose (up to 10 mg per day) of phenoxazoline HCl in nasal spray. A relationship between the abuse of this sympathomimetic drug and the hypertension was suggested by the unusual appearance of renal arteries on arteriography (stenosis and dilatations resembling aneurisms), the increase in renin activity and the disappearance of hypertension after the drug was discontinued. On control examination, two years later, blood pressure, renin activity and renal arteries were normal. The possibility of sympathomimetic drug overdosage must be borne in mind in cases of suspected iatrogenic arterial hypertension. PMID- 7220295 TI - [Confusional state after addition of a third antiepileptic drug to a phenobarbital-sodium valproate combination]. PMID- 7220296 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency after transfusion of hemolyzed blood]. PMID- 7220297 TI - [Primary arachnoidocele and secondary panhypopituitarism. 3 cases]. PMID- 7220298 TI - [Lasting increase of creatine kinase and its MB fraction without myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7220299 TI - [Spontaneous perforation of the sigmoid colon in hemodialyzed chronic renal failure patients. Value of the premonitory syndrome?]. PMID- 7220300 TI - [Acute encephalopathy after lumbar myelography with metrizamide. Computed X-ray tomographic study]. PMID- 7220301 TI - [Long-term results of surgical hypophysectomy for diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1969 and 1974, ten insulin-dependent diabetic patients underwent surgical hypophysectomy for rapidly progressive proliferative retinopathy endangering sight. Six to 11 years later, the 7 patients who survived had useful visual acuity and were leading a normal life. The long-term results of hypophysectomy on the eye could be observed in this series of patients with exceptionally long follow up: oedema had subsided, haemorrhagic exsudates and newly formed retinal vessels had disappeared, and the retinal had become hypovascular. However, argon laser photocoagulation has now considerably reduced the indications of surgical hypophysectomy. PMID- 7220302 TI - [Treatment of head injury coma with prolonged pentobarbital anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-five patients in deep coma resulting from head injury were treated with pentobarbital in doses adjusted to maintain serum barbiturate levels between 15 and 25 mg/l and short burst suppression phases on EEG. Brain death occurred in 20%. The overall mortality rate was 60%, no death being attributable to treatment; 24% of the patients were able to resume active life. Patients with non reactive pupils during the early phase of coma were compared with patients of similar ages and neurological symptoms non treated with pentobarbital. In treated patients the incidence of brain death was reduced by 50% and the mortality rate by 25% (p less than 0.05), without increase in deaths from intercurrent complications and in severe sequelae among survivors. PMID- 7220303 TI - [Follow-up of alcoholic patients in a hepatogastroenterology unit. Preliminary results (author's transl)]. AB - Out of 126 alcoholic patients treated in a hepatogastroenrology unit, 55 were lost sight of after discharge, mainly because they lived far from the hospital, and 71 (56.3%) were followed up for a mean period of 10 months. Among the patients followed up, 11% showed clinical evidence, and 43.5% clinical and biochemical evidence (return to normal of mean corpuscular volume and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels) of having stopped taking alcohol. Forty-five p. cent resumed drinking habits. Is was found that those patients who were married, had a professional activity, social contacts and no serious mental disorders were more likely to be weaned. There were more patients with cirrhosis of the liver among those who discontinued alcohol than among those who kept drinking. The authors underline that these subjects are best treated by a team comprising clinicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and members of associations of former alcoholics. PMID- 7220304 TI - [Clamping of the thoracic aorta in a hypertensive patient with coronary disease. An indication of sodium nitroprusside (author's transl)]. AB - In patients with cardiac failure, coronary disease or arterial hypertension, clamping of the aorta results in increased filling pressure of the left ventricle which may produce or increase subendocardial ischaemia with consequent aggravation of the ventricular insufficiency. And the higher the clamping the greater the risk. This vicious circle can be broken by sodium nitroprusside, which has potent and reversible vasodilator properties. The drug is indicated whenever the left ventricular filling pressure rises above 5 mmHg. These considerations are illustrated by the descriptions of a case where sodium nitroprusside ensured blood circulation in the lower limbs and intra-abdominal organs after clamping of the aorta above the coeliac artery in a high risk cardiac patient. PMID- 7220305 TI - [Hodgkin's disease with muscular involvement. 2 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on two cases of Hodgkin's disease with muscular involvement. This exceptional complication occurred during the terminal phase of a stage IV disease in one case and during remission of a stage III disease in the other case, where it responded to combined chemotherapy. Muscular lesions in Hodgkin's disease may be due to extension from adjacent tissues or from dissemination through the blood stream. They do not necessarily indicate a more severe prognosis. PMID- 7220306 TI - [New trends in the cytodiagnosis of bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Cytological examination of the sputum is nowadays mainly used for mass surveys among high-risk populations and in suspicious cases with normal X-ray films. In all other cases, bronchial brushing and percutaneous puncture-biopsy of the lung are preferred, being much more reliable. Several new bronchial cytology techniques have recently been developed but are not yet widely used. Their respective indications are governed by the facilities available and by the volume, site and characteristic features of the tumour. PMID- 7220308 TI - [Appendiceal papillary adenomatosis. Association with papillary adenoma of the sigmoid]. PMID- 7220307 TI - [Bilateral extrauterine pregnancy. A case of super-fetation?]. PMID- 7220309 TI - [Yohimbine in treatment of Parkinson's disease. Preliminary results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220310 TI - [Gas exchange in localized pneumopathies. Effects of posture]. PMID- 7220315 TI - [Initial bone marrow involvement in Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-five patients with Hodgkin's disease and evidence of bone marrow involvement (BM +) were compared with 25 other Hodgkin patients, chosen at random, who had visceral lesions but free bone marrow (BM -). Both groups were observed throughout the same period. The first evaluation showed that bone marrow involvement was more frequent in male patients and that it produced medullary hypoplasia with WBC and platelet counts lower than in BM - patients. However, bone marrow involvement can only be ascertained by medullar biopsy. BM + patients were treated with multiple chemotherapy (mostly MOPP). Positive response was obtained in 64% and complete remission in 50%, as compared with 70% and 50% respectively in BM - patients. There was no significant difference in overall survival rate between the two groups. It remained in plateau at 50.5% after two years in BM + patients and at 63% after 27 months in BM - patients. When complete remission was obtained the survival rate after one year was 90% for BM + patients and 100% for BM - patients. In the absence of complete remission, however, the median survival time was inferior to one year in both groups. The dosage levels and side-effects of chemotherapeutic agents were similar in both groups, but cytopenia was more pronounced in BM + patients. PMID- 7220313 TI - [Acute hypoglycemia in circulatory failure with high central venous pressure]. PMID- 7220314 TI - [Immunologic factors in arterial pathology]. PMID- 7220311 TI - [Acute tubulo-interstitial nephropathy following ingestion of antrafenine with an apparently non-immunoallergic mechanism]. PMID- 7220312 TI - [Upper fibroscopy and enteromesenteric infarction]. PMID- 7220316 TI - [Plasma levels of apoproteins B and A in relation to blood cholesterol and triglycerides. Distribution according to age and sex and influence of various risk factors (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma levels of apoproteins B and A, triglycerides, VLDL + LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were simultaneously measured in an ambulatory population of 477 subjects (206 male and 271 female). VLDL + LDL-cholesterol and apo B values were similar in males and females and significantly increased with age. Conversely, HDL-cholesterol and apo A values were higher in females than in males and remained stable with age. HDL-cholesterol and apo A correlated inversely with triglycerides. Overweight, alcohol and smoking introduced significant changes in the parameters studied. PMID- 7220317 TI - [Polyradiculoneuritis associated with plasmocytoma. Recovery following radiotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - A new case of extensive subacute polyradiculoneuritis associated with a costal plasmocytoma secreting IgG lambda is reported. Radiotherapy of the rib, resulted in remarkable neurological improvement and haematological cure, which have now persisted for more than 5 years, though treatment was discontinued 3 years ago. By its distinctive haematological features, this case illustrates the lack of clear-cut distinction between "solitary" plasmocytoma and multiple myeloma. It also emphasizes the need for systematic testing for plasma cell proliferation when confronted with a subacute or chronic neuropathy of obscure origin. PMID- 7220320 TI - [Subtotal gastrectomy for carcinoma. Importance of radical dissection of the lesser curvature (author's transl)]. AB - In subtotal gastrectomy for carcinoma the key to radical dissection of the lesser curvature is mobilisation of the hepatic artery up to the coeliaque axis, where the left gastric artery can be divided at its point of origin. Blood supply to the gastric stump is ensured by the short gastric vessels, the posterior oesophago-gastric artery and the intraparietal anastomoses between oesophageal and gastric vessels. PMID- 7220318 TI - [Cytosteatonecrosis: cause or consequence of acinic necrosis in acute pancreatitis? (author's transl)]. AB - It is now common knowledge that per-operative findings and pathological examination results may be discordant in acute pancreatitis. A study of 25 cases considered as "necrotizing" and subjected to histological examination has prompted the authors to devise a new experimental model of acute pancreatitis in dogs, using Wirsung's canal. They found that steatonecrosis precedes acinic lesions and hypothesize that it might be responsible for necrosis of the glandular tissue. PMID- 7220319 TI - [Diagnosis of allergic diseases by basophil count and in vitro degranulation using manual and automated tests (author's transl)]. AB - The author has designed a human basophil degranulation test based on a one-step method of basophil staining after exposure to a specific allergen. This very simple test is now commercially available as a ready-to-use kit. It explores allergic sensitivity at cellular level, probably through IgE-dependent sensitization of the basophil. It correlates positively with histamine release and the radio-allergo-sorbent test (RAST) and detects sensitivity to common allergens as well as to foods and chemicals, including drugs. In its present form, the test provides a simple, inexpensive and reliable means of diagnosing allergic diseases in vitro but does not lend itself to mass investigations. It has recently been developed further and can now be performed on the automatic Hemalog D Technicon machine. PMID- 7220321 TI - [Macrolides and theophylline: absence of a josamycin-theophylline interaction]. PMID- 7220322 TI - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome, Boerhaave syndrome. A possible association]. PMID- 7220324 TI - [Lipoma of the ventral segment of the right upper lobe. Laser photoresection by fiberoscopy under local anesthesia]. PMID- 7220323 TI - [Rupture of a hydatid cyst of liver without disruption of the proligerous membrane. Clinical and immunologic course]. PMID- 7220325 TI - [Chronic lymphoid leukemia with pseudohypoxemia due to hyperleukocytosis]. PMID- 7220326 TI - [Urethrogenital disorders and Ureaplasma urealyticum. The necessity for an antibiogram]. PMID- 7220327 TI - [Hyperosmolar coma during lithium treatment]. PMID- 7220328 TI - [Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome, primary biliary cirrhosis and monoclonal gammopathy]. PMID- 7220329 TI - [Ring-shaped chromosome 11 (46, XX, r11). A new case]. PMID- 7220330 TI - [Antenatal diagnosis of sickle-cell anaemia by DNA analysis of amniotic fluid cells. A preliminary study in the French West-Indies (author's transl)]. AB - The genetic polymorphism previously reported to be associated with the sickle cell (beta S) gene in black U.S.A. citizens was studied in the population of two French West-Indies islands in order to evaluate its potential application to the antenatal diagnosis of sickle-cell anaemia. The polymorphism consists of a change in the DNA sequences located near the 3' end of the beta globin gene. The change can be detected by means of the restriction endonuclease Hpa I. When cellular DNA is digested with this enzyme, the beta globin gene is contained in a DNA fragment measuring either 7.6 or 13.0 kilobases (kb). In 70% of SS homozygous subjects in Martinique and 57% in Guadeloupe the beta S gene was carried by a 13.0 kb DNA fragment, whereas the normal beta A gene was carried by a 7.6 kb DNA fragment. This polymorphism would make it possible to detect the foetal beta S gene in the DNA of amniotic fluid cells by linkage analysis. PMID- 7220332 TI - [Adrenocortical scintigraphy with 131I-19-iodocholesterol. Indications and results in 66 cases of hypercortisolism and hyperaldosteronism (author's transl)]. AB - Scintigraphy was used in 66 patients with biochemically demonstrated hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex in order to determine the nature and site of the lesions. In cases of hypercortisolism, uptake was bilateral in 12 patients with Cushing's disease, unilateral in 7 patients with malignant or non-malignant tumours, and absent in 3 cases of large malignant tumours. In cases of hyperaldosteronism, scintigraphy performed during dexamethasone-induced ACTH suppression showed distinctly asymmetrical uptake in 13 patients with Conn's adenoma (confirmed by surgery as being on the good uptake side in 10 patients), symmetrical in 20 patients with biochemical findings indicating bilaterality, and intermediate in 9 patients. There was no false positive diagnosis of tumour. Scintigraphy appears to be of considerable value for locating adrenocortical lesions, especially small tumours. PMID- 7220331 TI - [An evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid cytology in childhood leukaemias and lymphomas (author's transl)]. AB - A cytological study of the cerebrospinal fluid was carried out on 72 children with leukaemia or lymphoma either at the onset or during the course of the disease. It proved extremely useful in revealing the presence of malignant cells in CSF's with normal cell count and in distinguishing with absolute certainty meningeal leukaemias from meningeal reactions of other origins, in particular the frequent histiocytic reactions to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. These "irritative" reactions are a reminder that iatrogenic damage to the central nervous system is a distinct possibility, and the modalities of treatment should perhaps be reconsidered when they attain a certain magnitude. PMID- 7220333 TI - [A study of thyroid function in patients with psychoaffective disease (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate dysfunctions in thyroid gland secretion and regulation among patients with manic-depressive psychosis. Plasma levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by radioimmune assays, and TSH responsiveness (delta TSH) to synthetic TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) 250 microgram IV was determined in 20 untreated patients, 19 patients under neuroleptics and 19 patients under antidepressants. Untreated patients were compared with 15 age - and sex-matched controls. They were found to have significantly lower plasma T3 levels than controls (121.0 +/- 6.0 ng/dl as against 144.5 +/- 3.3 ng/dl; p less than 0.01) and blunted TSH response to TRH (delta TSH 4.1 +/- 0.6 instead of 12.6 +/- 2.1). Other thyroid function parameters were unchanged. Under neuroleptic treatment T3 levels tended to increase and delta TSH returned to normal. Manic-depressive psychosis is characterized by hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. Thyroid secretion is normal, and the decrease in T3 is probably due to impaired peripheral T4 to T3 conversion. PMID- 7220335 TI - [Apparently isolated plasmacytoma of bone. Clinical and prognostic data. 114 cases and review of literature (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review 114 cases (including 18 personal cases) of apparently isolated plasmacytoma of bone (AIPB) followed-up for periods of a few weeks to 24 years. The number of patients still alive, without recurrence and/or extension to the bone marrow sharply dropped from 77% after 2 years to 15% after 10 years. At the time of diagnosis, AIPB with secondary medullary involvement differed from conventional multiple myeloma of bone on six points: mean age 52,1 versus 63,2 years (p less than 0,001); male prevalence 60,5% vs 38,5% (p less than 0,02); spinal involvement 61,8% vs 88,7% (p less than 0,05); radiological aspect of giant cell tumour 33,3% vs 3% (p less than 0,001); cord involvement 25% vs 5,4% (p less than 0,001); lack of monoclonal component 82,5% vs 4,3% (p less than 0,001). On the other hand, after 10 years there were only three differences between AIPB with and without secondary extension to the bone marrow: mean age 52,1 vs 45,7 years (p less than 0,1); spinal involvement 61,8% vs 26,7% (p less than 0,01); loss of monoclonal component after local treatment 29% vs 100% (p less than 0,05). These data suggest that isolated (i.e. localized) and multiple (i.e. disseminated) myelomas are distinct manifestations of bone marrow malignant plasma cell dyscrasias and that the patient's age, the site of the tumour and the disappearance of the monoclonal component are relevant to the prognosis of the disease. PMID- 7220334 TI - [Effects of intensive physical training on blood lipids: a study in long-distance runners (author's transl)]. AB - Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined in 48 long-distance runners (group I) and in 34 sedentary males of similar age-range and weight serving as controls (group II). Blood samples were taken before and after racing in runners and at rest in controls, but comparisons were made between baseline values only. Taken globally, group I subjects had significantly higher HDL-C levels (p less than 0.01) and lower TC/HDL-C ratios (p less than 0.05) than group II subjects. However, considerable changes were found within and between the groups when subjects were divided according to age. Thus, there was no significant difference in blood lipids between long-distance runners and controls in the 20-34 years subgroups, whereas in the 35-55 years subgroups HDL-C values tended to decrease in controls but remained high in long-distance runners, the difference being highly significant (p less than 0.001). Consequently, there also was a significant difference (P less than 0.01) between group 1 and group II subjects in TC: HDL-C ratios. The increase in TG with age was much greater in controls than in runners. It is suggested that high HDL-C levels might be one of the mechanisms though which intensive physical training exerts a protective effect against coronary disease. PMID- 7220336 TI - [Perforated appendix associated with inflammatory ileo-coecal pseudotumour (malacoplakia) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report one case of perforated appendix associated with an inflammatory ileo-coecal pseudotumour due to malacoplakia. Right hemicolectomy resulted in uneventful and complete recovery. This case, together with a survey of available published data, enables the authors to briefly review the pathological, pathogenic and therapeutic aspects of this rare, if not exceptional, localisation of malacoplakia. PMID- 7220338 TI - [Treatment of severe Oriental hepatic distomiasis with praziquantel. Preliminary results in 30 patients]. PMID- 7220337 TI - [Exploration of major veins by Doppler ultrasonography. Indications and limits (author's transl)]. AB - Doppler ultrasonography is a first-choice, non-invasive, inexpensive and repeatable procedure for exploring major veins and for detecting venous thrombosis, venous insufficiency and arterio-venous fistulae. It also provides invaluable information on post-operative haemodynamics in cases of thrombectomy, venous shunt and vena cava clip, and helps in evaluating the effectiveness of thrombolytic agents. Its sensitivity is satisfactory: in 110 patients with suspected phlebitis, there was an 86,5% agreement between the results of doppler ultrasonography and those of phlebography. False negative results are encountered with distal thromboses and, unfortunately, floating clots (there were 3 cases of undetected iliac vein floating clots in this series). It seems rational to use Doppler ultrasonography in patients with high risk venous diseases. The method will not replace phlebography, but when applied on correct indications, it may substantially reduce the number of negative or unassessable results. PMID- 7220339 TI - [Hypouricemic effect of salmon calcitonin]. PMID- 7220342 TI - [Monitoring the treatment of S. haematobium schistosomiasis by rectal biopsy]. PMID- 7220341 TI - [Value of lyophilization in the biological study of fecal matter]. PMID- 7220340 TI - [Self-poisoning with Datura from an antiasthmatic drug]. PMID- 7220343 TI - [Peridural morphine analgesia after visceral artery embolization]. PMID- 7220344 TI - [Functional encephalopathy and respiratory distress with hypophosphoremia]. PMID- 7220346 TI - IN vitro transcription of bacteriophage T4 tRNA gene cluster from two different promoters. AB - Analysis of primary transcripts made by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase on T4 DNA containing an intact or partially deleted tRNA gene cluster demonstrates that the T4 tRNA genes are transcribed from two promoters differing in their strength. The stronger (P1) and the weaker (P2) promoters are located at distances of 1 kb and 1.5 kb from the tRNA genes, respectively. Selective initiation of individual transcripts with dinucleotides shows that P1 and P2 promoters contain the sequences TAT and CAC respectively. The two-promoter organisation of the tRNA cluster may reflect two superimposed mechanisms of gene expression in T4-infected bacteria. PMID- 7220347 TI - In vitro methylation of DNA with Hpa II methylase. AB - The enzyme Hpa II methylase extracted and partially purified from Haemophilus parainfluenza catalyzes the methylation of the tetranucleotide sequence CCGG at the internal cytosine. The enzyme will methylate this sequence if both DNA strands are unmethylated or if only one strand is unmethylated. Conditions have been developed for producing fully methylated DNA from various sources. In vitro methylation of this site protects the DNA against digestion by the restriction enzyme Hpa II as well as the enzyme Sma I which recognizes the hexanucleotide sequence CCCGGG. These properties make this enzyme a valuable tool for analyzing methylation in eukaryotic DNA where the sequence CCGG is highly methylated. The activity of this methylase on such DNA indicates the degree of undermethylation of the CCGG sequence. Several examples show that this technique can be used to detect small changes in the methylation state of eukaryotic DNA. PMID- 7220345 TI - Nucleosomal structure of sea urchin and starfish sperm chromatin. Histone H2B is possibly involved in determining the length of linker DNA. AB - Comparison has been made between sea urchin and starfish sperm chromatin. The only protein by which chromatins from these sources differ significantly is histone H2B. Sea urchin sperm H2B is known to contain an elongated N-terminal region enriched in Arg. Analysis of the micrococcal nuclease digests of sea urchin and starfish nuclei in one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis has shown that sperm chromatin of both animals consists of repeated units similar in general features to those of rat thymus or liver. However, DNA repeat length in chromatin of sea urchin sperm (237 bp) is higher than that of starfish sperm (224 bp), while the core DNA length does not differ and is the same as in the chromatin of rat liver or thymus. A suggestion has been made that the N-terminal region of histone H2B is associated with the linker DNA and is responsible for the increased length of sea urchin linker DNA. PMID- 7220349 TI - The crystal and molecular structure of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroinosine monohydrate. AB - The structure of the hydrate of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroinosine has been determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction. The nucleoside crystallizes in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit cell dimensions, a = 33.291, b = 10. 871, c = 6.897A. There are two nucleosides and two water molecules in the asymmetric unit. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to a residual R = 0.095. The two independent nucleosides in the asymmetric unit show different conformations about the glycosidic bond, while other structural details are similar. The base orientation to the sugar is syn in molecule A, whereas anti in molecule B. The exocyclic C(4')-C(5') bond conformation defined with respect to C(3')-C(4')-C(5') O(5') is gauche+ in both molecules A and B. The sugar ring pucker defined by the pseudorotation phase angle P is a twisted conformation in both, C(3')-endo-C(4') exo with P = 29 degrees in molecule A and C(4')-exo-C(3')-endo with P = 41 degrees in molecule B. It is shown by comparison with x-ray results of other 2' fluoronucleosides and unmodified nucleosides including inosines that, in addition to a strong preference of the C(3')-endo type pucker, twisted conformations involving C(4')-exo puckering may be one of characteristic features of 2' fluoronucleosides. PMID- 7220348 TI - Structural investigation of nuclear RNP particles containing pre-mRNA by different fluorescence techniques. AB - Ethidium bromide (EB) adsorption isotherms on 30S nuclear RNP particles isolated from liver nuclei has revealed 6% of double-stranded regions in pre-mRNA (dsRNA). It has been established by measurements of the EB fluorescence polarization that the bulk of dsRNA regions in RNP is rigidly attached to RNP. They are longer than 45 degree A. The increase of NaCl concentration from 0.1 up to 0.4 M causes a significant loosening of dsRNA-protein bonds. As a result the dsRNA segments become more flexible. Measurements of energy transfer from fluorescamine (covalently bound to the protein) to EB (adsorbed on dsRNA) have yielded information about dsRNA location. The fact that absorbtion of exciting light by fluorescamine causes pronounced increase of EB fluorescence is consistent with the idea that helical regions of RNA are located outside the RNP particles. PMID- 7220350 TI - [Usefulness of transbronchial biopsy in differential diagnosis of disseminated neoplastic changes in the lungs]. PMID- 7220352 TI - [Cytological diagnosis of lung cancer according to the data of the department of laboratory diagnosis of the Hospital for Lung Diseases in Lodz during the years 1967-1978]. PMID- 7220351 TI - [Transbronchial biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes in the diagnosis of neoplastic changes in the lungs]. PMID- 7220353 TI - [Treatment of advanced lung cancer with ledakrin]. PMID- 7220354 TI - [Incidence and degree of intolerance and toxic effect of cytostatics in the treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 7220355 TI - [Changes in the small-intestinal mucosa in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7220356 TI - [Problems of renal tuberculosis at the Internal Disease Clinic]. PMID- 7220357 TI - [Aplastic anemia - pathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives]. PMID- 7220358 TI - [Incidence of hyperlipidemia among male population aged 40-59 years from Warsaw industrial plants]. PMID- 7220359 TI - [Diagnostic value of multipotent electrocardiographic recording from the surface of the chest wall]. PMID- 7220360 TI - [Total thyroxine, triiodothyronine-binding index and free thyroxine index in patients with malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 7220361 TI - [Acetylation phenotype in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7220363 TI - [Acute exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus after exposure to ultraviolet rays]. PMID- 7220362 TI - [Electrocardiographic localization of myocardial infarct and the activity of various blood serum enzymes in the acute stage of the disease]. PMID- 7220364 TI - [Blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and plasma esterase activity in hyperthyroidism treated conservatively and surgically]. PMID- 7220365 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of extreme obesity on the psychological state and social life of the patients]. PMID- 7220367 TI - [Impulsogenic and conduction system of the myocardium studied by means of transesophageal left-atrial stimulation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7220366 TI - [Organization and tasks of the Daytime Rest Center and the results of environmental treatment of hypertension at an industrial plant]. PMID- 7220369 TI - [Acute renal failure after renal angiography in a patient with glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7220368 TI - [Functionally corrected transposition of great vessels in a 32-year-old woman]. PMID- 7220370 TI - [Effect of electric cardioversion on the activity of creatine kinase and its cardiac fraction and aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in the blood serum]. PMID- 7220371 TI - [Immunoglobulins and antibodies in the blood serum of blood donors - HBsAg carriers]. PMID- 7220372 TI - [Value of the thermal test in the diagnosis of vibration disease]. PMID- 7220374 TI - [Measurement of the silent period after Hoffmann's reaction as an indicator of the effect of exercise therapy on muscle spasticity in children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 7220373 TI - [Relationship between blood serum magnesium and potassium levels in patients with right-ventricular circulatory insufficiency treated with lanatoside C, and the role of magnesium in the prevention of digitalis-induced arrhythmias]. PMID- 7220378 TI - [Non-lymphatic cells in the lymph node cortex of the mouse. II. Postnatal development of the interdigitating cells and the dendritic reticular cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220377 TI - [Non-lymphatic cells in the lymph node cortex of the mouse. I. Morphology and distribution of the interdigitating cells and the dendritic reticular cells in the mesenteric lymph node of the adult ICR mouse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220375 TI - [4 cases of idiopathic puerperal renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7220376 TI - [Hodgkin's disease of the stomach (description of 2 cases)]. PMID- 7220379 TI - [Non-lymphatic cells in the lymph node cortex of the mouse. III. Interdigitating cells and dendritic reticular cells in the mesenteric lymph node of the homozygous "nude" (nu/nu) mouse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220380 TI - [Rhabdomyolysis in a severe case of malignant hyperthermia--a light and electron microscopical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220381 TI - Electron microscopic investigations about the differentiation of thyroid carcinoma. AB - 36 thyroid carcinomas have been studied by means of electron microscopy. The specimens of 12 non-malignant thyroid lesions served as control. All the investigated tumours are composed of mixed populations of tumour cells differentiated in manifold variations. Differentiated carcinomas (follicular, papillary) often show misdifferentiations of the cytoplasm in light microscope, as well as in electron microscope. These misdifferentiations are the hyperplasia of a single cytoplasmatic organella or the hyperplasia of a system of organellas. The hyperplasia can be combined with a normal appearance of the respective organellas or with pathological changes of their morphology. Undifferentiated tumours often show structural remnants of folliculoid differentiation. PMID- 7220382 TI - Lamella-particle complexes in the human placenta. AB - Lamella-particle complexes, similar in appearance to those found most abundantly in human hematopoietic malignancies, were seen within the cytoplasm of pericytes within the villus cores of 2 our ot 10 human placentas, 1 from a normal pregnancy and 1 from a pregnancy complicated by postpartum toxemia. Nine placentas were from term pregnancies, 6 normal and 3 complicated by toxemia, and 1 from a pregnancy complicated by premature delivery. The lamellae measured from 62-88 A in thickness and the particles from 175-220 A in diameter. The lamellae and particles were arranged in 3-6 apparently concentric layers around 0.08-0.24 micrometer diameter central cores to form complexes measuring from 0.37-0.75 micrometer in diameter. The complexes were infrequent, in pericytes and their presence did not appear to be correlated with either parity or any specific drug treatment. The reason for their presence in some human placentas is not known. PMID- 7220383 TI - Primary lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract. A clinicopathologic study of 60 cases. PMID- 7220384 TI - Correlations between atypical primary hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate. A histological study of 180 total prostatectomies. PMID- 7220385 TI - [Technique of comparative angiographic and morphologic examination of the heart and pulmonary circulation (author's transl)]. AB - Morphological changes of the cardiovascular system, e.g., due to congenital or acquired valvular diseases, cannot be analysed, evaluated or documented sufficiently by traditional gross pathological examination alone. The investigation of gross specimens of the heart and lungs is limited mainly to the inspection of the natural and cut surface, whereas postmortem angiograms allow three-dimensional examination of the vasculature even stereoscopically. Small vessels, e.g., bronchial arteries and anastomoses can easily be demonstrated by routine methods. The specimens can be formalin-fixed and contrasted by special techniques. Formalin-fixed and contrasted specimens of the heart and lungs are especially useful in the search for occult bleeding sources, emboli in chronic recurrent pulmonary embolism, and the investigation of the vascular system in pneumoconioses, primary and secondary tumors as well as in the analysis of the pulmonary vasculature in cases of defect of the ventricular septum and cor pulmonale. The basic morphology of computerized transaxial tomography can be studied from these sliced heart-lung specimens. PMID- 7220387 TI - Intravascular mucinosis with mucin emboli and thrombosis accompanying adenocarcinomas. AB - Three cases of adenocarcinoma that were complicated by nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are described. In two of these cases mucin was demonstrable within vascular channels as well as within the thrombotic vegetations of the cardiac valves. This intravascular mucin was also responsible for vascular occlusion with resultant infarction in such organs as heart and brain. Intravascular mucin of this magnitude has not been previously recorded and mucinous accumulations behaving as thromboemboli with infarcts have not been heretofore described. PMID- 7220386 TI - [Peripheral cytoplasmic shedding around hepatocytes--apocrine secretion, pathological cell reaction or preparation artifact? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220389 TI - Reaction patterns of cell organelles in vitamin B6 deficiency. Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of the liver parenchymal cell. AB - Under the influence of seven weeks of vitamin B6-free nutrition, the hepatocyte single volume is diminished in the face of an unchanged nuclear single volume, posing the question of whether there is proportional atrophy of all cell organelles or single organelle atrophy with counter-regulatory hyperplasia in other cellular compartments. The nucleoli hypertrophy, as the result of segregation and protein synthesis inhibition. The rough endoplasmic reticulum experiences hypoplasia, but the ultrastructural-morphometric analysis does not determine which metabolic steps are attacked. By contrast one observes hyperplasia in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which may be regarded as a counter-regulatory mechanism to the choking of protein synthesis. As with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria also show hypoplasia. This is due to the dependency of the mitochondria upon the endoplasmic protein synthesis. The disturbed functional output of the endoplasmic reticulum is seen in the reduced number of orthoperoxisomes as well. The Golgi apparatus experiences hypoplasia as a result of B6 hypovitaminosis, and this must be considered in the context of fatty change in the liver. PMID- 7220388 TI - Increased growth-stimulating activity of thoracic lymph after hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7220390 TI - Fibroelastosis of the right ventricle in two brothers of triplets. AB - We present an autopsy report of endocardial fibroelastosis of the right heart in two brothers of triplets. Beside this anomaly no other macroscopical malformations in the hearts were found. Morphologically an unusual hypertrophy of the subendocardial myocardiocytes in the right heart was observed. A history of tocolysis (sympathomimetic drugs for treatment of premature labour) was the main reason for publishing this case report. We could not answer the question if the drug was causative or only coincident with the observed lesions. PMID- 7220391 TI - [Agenesis of the ductus arteriosus Botalli and premature closure of the foramen ovale, in combination with mitral valve atresia, hypoplastic left ventricle, transposition of the great arteries, and pulmonary valve atresia (author's transl)]. AB - Agenesis of the Ductus arteriosus Botalli is a rare anomaly, which is known to occur in combination with truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary valve agenesis and also in simple tetralogy. The authors report on a case, where neither a ductus nor any remnant of it could be found in a complex heart malformation consisting of premature closure of the Foramen ovale, mitral atresia, hypoplastic left ventricle, transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary valve atresia and hypoplastic pulmonary artery. Speculations as to the pathogenesis of this anomaly presume slowing and eventual arrest of the ductal blood flow as a consequence of closure of the Foramen ovale in early fetal life. Thus total involution and disappearance of the distal part of the sixth aortic arch also on the left side seem conceivable. PMID- 7220392 TI - Myxoid lipoadenoma of the parathyroid gland. AB - A myxoid lipoadenoma of the parathyroid gland causing primary hyperparathyroidism is reported. The very rare and histologically unusual tumor consists of an epithelial component which is combined with a stromal component in a characteristic way. Slender, irregularly branched trabeculae which mainly consist of chief cells as well as a few oxyphil cells are found as epithelial component. The predominantly myxomatous and only focally lipomatous stromal component is interpreted as an integrated tumor component of the lipoadenoma which is derived from the parathyroid adipose tissue. PMID- 7220393 TI - A simple and rapid method for postmortem radiographic investigation of lung fine structure. AB - Radiologic pathologic correlation of lung specimens requires a gas content identical to intravital conditions. Methods of air drying and formalin steam fixation are well known but time consuming. A new, rapid method is presented: the lungs are inflated with compressed air, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and cut into slices. Radiographs taken with soft tissue technique demonstrate structural details down to 200-300 mu. The excellent state of preservation also permits excellent quality of microscopic slides. PMID- 7220396 TI - Cardiovascular disease. A three-article symposium. PMID- 7220395 TI - Chronic sinusitis. AB - Patients with chronic sinusitis often have a paucity of symptoms. However, patients may have exacerbations of acute sinusitis superimposed on the chronic disease, which may cause sinus pain, fever, and malaise. More often, though, patients seek evaluation for nasal stuffiness, hyposmia or cacosmia, and purulent nasal and postnasal secretions. Antibiotics seldom eradicate the disease; sinus drainage is the immediate goal of treatment. In maxillary sinusitis, construction of a nasoantral window is the best form of definitive treatment. PMID- 7220394 TI - Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for childhood diarrhea. PMID- 7220397 TI - A sensible approach to chest pain. Algorithms for algos. PMID- 7220399 TI - Computed tomography--a paean. PMID- 7220398 TI - Congestive heart failure in adults. Six considerations in systematic diagnosis. AB - There are two key clinical questions to be answered in any patient with documented congestive heart failure. First, what is the underlying etiology? Second, what exacerbating factors are present? The ECG, the echocardiogram, and chest x-ray films may provide important diagnostic clues. The mode of presentation (acute vs chronic) is also of major importance. Attention should be paid to treatable or reversible factors, including infective endocarditis, occult aortic stenosis, recurrent pulmonary emboli, and chronic constrictive pericarditis. Finally, the possibility of unrecognized congenital heart disease (eg, atrial septal defect) should not be overlooked. PMID- 7220400 TI - A practical approach to disorders of hemostasis. AB - Simple screening tests are available to detect abnormalities in the plasma coagulation system and platelet function. Prothrombin time reflects the integrity of the extrinsic system, while activated partial thromboplastin time indicates whether the intrinsic system is intact. Thrombin clotting time is a measure of the integrity of the end stage of clotting. Prothrombin time is also helpful in monitoring warfarin therapy; either of the latter two tests can perform a similar function in patients receiving heparin. Ivy bleeding time is the best screening test of platelet function. If bleeding time is prolonged but results of plasma coagulation tests are normal, specialized platelet function tests may be necessary. PMID- 7220401 TI - Terminal care: evaluation of an advisory domiciliary service at St Christopher's Hospice. AB - In a matched, comparative study the provision of an advisory service to families who were nursing a patient with incurable cancer at home enabled the patient to stay at home longer than he otherwise would and helped the family and primary care team to cope with the added burden which resulted. Families seem to have been well satisfied with the help which was given and there were considerable savings in cost to the health service. PMID- 7220402 TI - Palmar main line polymorphisms in cataracts. AB - The palm prints of patients with different types of cataract (total, nuclear, zonular, cortical and complicated) were analysed for main line terminations and compared with those of a random population. The cases were also grouped into congenital, juvenile and senile types for broader comparison. The results showed significant variations for all the 4 main line terminations (D, C, B and A) in senile and cortical cataracts, while among other types of cataract, congenital cases differed significantly in D and A line, zonular in C and A line and nuclear in B and A line terminations compared with controls. A comparison of familial and isolated cases revealed significant differences for D and A line terminations only in cases of senile cataract. The main line terminations also indicated considerable sex-dependent heterogeneity among the diseased and control subjects. The significance of the results obtained are discussed in terms of pleiotropic mechanisms leading to the formation of cataract. PMID- 7220403 TI - Effect of treatment with cimetidine for one year on gastrin cell and parietal cell function and sensitivity to cimetidine in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers. AB - Twenty-two duodenal and 16 gastric ulcer patients were treated with 400 mg cimetidine twice daily for one year after their ulcers had healed. No change in gastric acid secretion was observed before and after treatment in 20 duodenal and 13 gastric ulcer patients. Similarly, the inhibitory effect of 200 mg cimetidine on gastric acid secretion was unaltered in 11 duodenal and 6 gastric ulcer patients studied and cimetidine blood concentration were unchanged in 9 duodenal and 4 gastric ulcer patients after one year. In 7 duodenal and 6 gastric ulcer patients the serum gastrin response to a standard test meal before and after treatment was identical. PMID- 7220404 TI - The role of peritoneal biopsy in the diagnosis of ascites. AB - Percutaneous biopsies of the peritoneum were obtained in 23 patients with ascites of unknown cause. The only case of tuberculous peritonitis was correctly diagnosed. Peritoneal biopsy provided a diagnosis of malignancy in 6 patients (one lymphoma, one mesothelioma, 4 cases of disseminated carcinoma) but failed to recognize a further 13 cases of disseminated carcinoma. Previous literature is reviewed and the diagnostic usefulness of this procedure is discussed. PMID- 7220405 TI - Blood pressure and sodium balance in hypertensive patients in hospital. AB - Ninety-one subjects with uncomplicated essential hypertension were admitted to hospital. They received a diet with a fixed amount of sodium (55 mmol/day), without calorie restriction. Blood pressure was measured at 2-hr intervals and averaged for each day. In patients who apparently adhered to a low salt diet before admission (group I), BP dropped 5 mmHg during the first 24 hr and then remained stable. In patients who previously ingested more salt (group II) a similar drop in pressure occurred during the first day, but pressure declined another 6 mmHg during the second day, to stabilize thereafter. Both neurovegetative and sodium-dependent factors appear to contribute to the decrease in BP while the patient is in hospital. PMID- 7220406 TI - Plasma and salivary concentrations of erythromycin after administration of three different formulations. AB - In a 6-volunteer cross-over study the pharmacokinetics of 3 erythromycin preparations were compared. A single oral dose of 500 mg of each preparation was administered at each occasion and the levels measured in timed samples of plasma and saliva. Markedly higher blood concentrations of the estolate and propionate were obtained compared to the stearate. Comparison of serum and plasma concentration of the drugs from each split sample showed no significant differences. Plasma concentrations always exceeded those in saliva but for any one preparation a similar ratio was obtained at different times. This may be useful to ascertain compliance and to measure concentration of the compounds where direct measurement in plasma is not practicable. PMID- 7220408 TI - Bronchiectasis and Marfan's syndrome. AB - Marfan's syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by skeletal, cardiovascular and ocular abnormalities. Pulmonary abnormalities occur in approximately 10% of patients the commonest being spontaneous pneumothorax and emphysema. A patient is described who had Marfan's syndrome and bronchiectasis, an association only described on 2 previous occasions in the literature. PMID- 7220407 TI - The patient's subjective attitude towards screening for breast cancer. Should screening be extended to other forms of cancer? AB - A sample of 500 consecutive women without symptoms of breast disease attending a breast screening clinic were investigated regarding their attitude to breast screening and to the extension of the screening programme to other forms of cancer. Attendance at the screening clinic was found to be reassuring by 94.2%, and 96.4% felt that the screening programme should be extended to include other forms of malignancy. There was a history of either respiratory or alimentary tract symptoms, and of smoking, or a family history of cancer in 41% of these women. The study shows that Edinburgh women are enthusiastic for breast screening and for its extension to include other forms of cancer. PMID- 7220409 TI - Renewed bleeding of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm during vertebral angiography. AB - The perangiographic rupture of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm is described and discussed. Only 2 other cases of perangiographic rupture of posterior fossa aneurysms have been found in the literature, and there are fewer than 60 reports of ruptures of aneurysms at all intracranial sites. PMID- 7220410 TI - The presentation, diagnosis and treatment of cervical osteoid osteoma. AB - A case of cervical osteoid osteoma is reported, with a brief account of the diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. Cervical osteoid osteoma is rare but its pattern of presentation varies little and it should therefore be possible to suspect it on clinical grounds alone. Bone scanning is now regarded as more efficient than radiography in identifying the lesion but X-ray tomography will normally be required for the accurate localization needed before surgery. Correct surgical treatment results in complete cure. PMID- 7220411 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis and scleroderma. AB - The association of retroperitoneal fibrosis and systemic sclerosis is reported from a patient positive for the HLA-B27 antigen. This appears to be the first report of such an association. Pathological features common to the 2 syndromes are discussed and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 7220412 TI - Hypocalcaemia increases the narcotic effect of codeine. AB - Severe narcosis occurred in a patient with hypoparathyroidism given therapeutic doses of codeine phosphate. PMID- 7220413 TI - Cholestatic jaundice: an immune response to prajmalium bitartrate. AB - Cholestatic jaundice associated with chills, pruritus and blood eosinophilia developed in a patient who received prajmalium bitartrate therapy for ventricular arrhythmia following acute myocardial infarction. Discontinuation of the drug resulted in a spontaneous improvement in the clinical and biochemical findings. Challenge by prajmalium bitartrate caused rapid reappearance of the clinical and biochemical features. In immunological studies, deposits of IgG and IgA were detected at the bile canaliculi by fluorescent staining, and the patient's lymphocytes produced macrophage migration inhibition after in vitro incubation with prajmalium bitartrate. Thus, laboratory results support the assumption of an allergic mechanism. PMID- 7220414 TI - Cardiac arrest following chlormethiazole infusion in chronic alcoholics. AB - Two chronic alcoholics who had cardiac arrests (one fatal) while receiving chlormethiazole by infusion are reported. Although a causal relationship has not been indisputably established, caution is advised when administering this drug to chronic alcoholics during withdrawal. PMID- 7220416 TI - Giant ovarian dermoid masked by obesity. AB - A 37-year-old female, weighing 194.1 kg, is described. Her gross obesity was in part due to a massive ovarian dermoid cyst weighing at least 42 kg, which had been overlooked in the past. A dermoid tumour of this size has not previously been reported. The possible presence of cystic ovarian tumours should be considered in patients presenting with severe generalized obesity. PMID- 7220415 TI - Dietary amenorrhoea and subclinical hypothyroidism with elevated TSH responsive to weight gain. AB - A case of dietary amenorrhoea associated with the biochemical picture of subclinical hypothyroidism is described. Both the amenorrhoea and the abnormal thyroid function tests reverted to normal on gaining weight. PMID- 7220418 TI - [The diagnosis of upper airway obstruction by flow-volume loops (author's transl)]. AB - The recognition of upper airway obstruction (UAO) is occurring more frequently, especially after prolonged intubation for artificial ventilation. The diagnosis of UAO may be inferred by the clinical signs or spirometry; however, these methods are not reliable. We present 4 cases of UAO to illustrate the role of the flow-volume loop in securing the correct diagnosis. These cases demonstrate the utility of the flow-volume loop as a simple technique in confirming the presence of UAO. PMID- 7220419 TI - Observation on the reactions of the albino rat in simulated altitude. AB - Albino rats of the Wistar family were reared from the time of birth in a simulated altitude of about 6000 meters (barometric pressure 370 mm Hg) for a period of about 50 days. A number of these were killed after losing consciousness upon exposure to acute hypoxia. The others were killed without being first subjected to the acute hypoxia. Control groups of the same stock were reared for a corresponding period of time in a normal atmosphere at sea level and killed like the previous group. The animals reared in a simulated altitude displayed an increase in the 2,3-DPG content in the red blood cells, Hb concentration and the number of erythrocytes for one ml of blood. They are to be considered phenomena of adaptation, only slightly influenced by the acute hypoxia. The animals reared in a simulated altitude also displayed a displacement of the acid-base balance of the blood towards the acid side. This was even more accentuated in the group subjected to the acute hypoxia. It was observed, via the weight curve, that the animals reared in a simulated altitude presented a slower body growth in comparison to the control group. We were not able to demonstrate significant variations in the tolerance to acute hypoxia in the various groups studied. PMID- 7220417 TI - Treatment of pain in the elderly. PMID- 7220420 TI - [Bronchial conservative surgical procedure without any pulmonary resection (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a study of 3 cases of bronchial tumors treated by conservative surgical procedures, without any pulmonary resection. This treatment is applied in 3 different cases: a bronchial carcinoid tumor; an inflammatory granuloma; an epidermoid carcinoma. PMID- 7220421 TI - [Respiratory function profile in scleroderma. 20 cases (author's transl)]. AB - This study involved 20 patients, 13 female and 7 male, with a mean age of 49 years, suffering from localized (6 cases) scleroderma or generalized without Raynaud's syndrome (6 cas), with Raynaud's syndrome (6 cas) or acrosclerosis (2 cases). Respiratory function tests included study of volumes, flow rates, CO transfer (TLCO) and blood gases. There were 38% normal chest X-rays, 58% ventilatory disturbances (predominance of restrictive syndrome and decrease in (TLCO) was found in only 25% of cases. The authors emphasize the extent of pulmonary vascular lesions in these patients. PMID- 7220423 TI - [Superior vena cava syndrome of rare aetiology (author's transl)]. AB - The case of malformation of the subclavian artery (arteria lusoria) reported here is of interest not only because of its rarity but also the diagnostic problems which it posed and its unusual clinical presentation -- haemoptysis. This case report is completed by a review of the literature, which is restricted concerning this subject. PMID- 7220422 TI - [Extensive Wegener's granulomatosis: treatment with immunodepressants and complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis (author's transl)]. AB - The case reported is of Wegener's granulomatosis which responded only temporarily to immunodepressant treatment and complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis. This combination poses a diagnostic since the respiratory manifestation of the two conditions may be confused, and a therapeutic problem because of contradictions in the drugs indicated. PMID- 7220424 TI - [Dermoid cyst of the mediastinum fistulized into the bronchi (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of dermoid cyst of the mediastinum fistulized into the bronchi. This case was peculiar by virtue of its confusing clinical, radiological and biological characteristics which rendered the diagnosis difficult and in showing the value of bronchography in demonstrating the existence of the bronchocystic fistula. This excavated and fistulized tumor could be determined only after thoracotomy, confirming the primordial role of surgery in pathology of this type. PMID- 7220425 TI - [A case of asthma due to maleic anhydride (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of a case of asthma due to maleic anhydride, a description is given of occupational asthma due to anhydrides, the physiopathology of which is similar to that related to isocyanates. In contrast to the latter, this disorder is not listed amongst occupational diseases, which should not prevent action by the occupational health physician. PMID- 7220427 TI - The local treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 7220428 TI - The treatment of advanced malignant melanoma. PMID- 7220426 TI - Pneumothorax in sarcoidosis (author's transl). AB - Starting from a personal case, the authors make a review of pneumothorax in sarcoidosis. Frequency, recurring feature, serious consequences on people with impaired ventilation, enjoin a surgical treatment. PMID- 7220429 TI - Pancreatic oncofoetal antigen in pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7220431 TI - Non-obstetric abdominal ultrasonography. PMID- 7220430 TI - Isolated limb perfusion for malignant melanoma. PMID- 7220432 TI - Recent advances in anaesthesia. PMID- 7220433 TI - Lymphatic disorders of the lung and pleura. PMID- 7220434 TI - Microbiology and ecology of human skin. PMID- 7220435 TI - Laryngology and otology. PMID- 7220436 TI - Day hospitals for dementia. PMID- 7220439 TI - Operating a two-card medication record system in general practice pharmacy. PMID- 7220437 TI - Day care surgery--a review. PMID- 7220440 TI - Effective practice management--all you need is love. PMID- 7220438 TI - An audit of intrauterine device usage and outcome in general practice. PMID- 7220441 TI - Effective practice management. PMID- 7220442 TI - The general practitioner and the community nurse. PMID- 7220444 TI - Left heart failure and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7220443 TI - Neonatal respiratory distress. PMID- 7220445 TI - Respiratory failure with normal lungs. PMID- 7220446 TI - Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7220447 TI - Angina audit. PMID- 7220448 TI - General practice in Europe Payment and the quality of health care. PMID- 7220449 TI - Why medical audit? PMID- 7220451 TI - Sulphonylurea therapy and hypothyroidism. PMID- 7220450 TI - Lupus vulgaris: a rare dermal involvement. PMID- 7220452 TI - Lithium: some drug interactions. PMID- 7220453 TI - The Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome the problem of establishing the right diagnosis. PMID- 7220455 TI - Topical econazole in cutaneous fungal infections. PMID- 7220456 TI - Potassium supplements in elderly patients with cardiac failure. PMID- 7220454 TI - Extensive asymptomatic spinal tuberculosis in a patient with active pulmonary disease. PMID- 7220457 TI - A study of structure in a self-selected sample of practices. PMID- 7220458 TI - Psychotropic drugs and behaviour therapy. PMID- 7220459 TI - The evolution of depressive phenomena in man and animals. PMID- 7220460 TI - Schizophrenia. PMID- 7220461 TI - Psychiatric disorders in the elderly. PMID- 7220463 TI - Psychological aspects of depression in general practice. PMID- 7220462 TI - Behavioural treatment of anxiety in general practice. PMID- 7220464 TI - Manic-depressive disorder. PMID- 7220465 TI - Psychiatry and the occult. PMID- 7220466 TI - A five-year study of labetalol in hypertension. PMID- 7220467 TI - [Significance of family relationship dynamics in developmental work and therapy of retarded children. Working with retarded children from the family dynamics perspective]. PMID- 7220468 TI - [The influence of schooling on the concentration capacity of children in the hospital]. PMID- 7220469 TI - [Data collecting of process variables in client-centered psychotherapy using tape recording]. PMID- 7220470 TI - [Do adolescents use alcohol to rid themselves of inhibitions, to make contacts or to drown their problems? A comment on the government declaration from the viewpoint of the Cologne behavior disorder pedagogy]. PMID- 7220471 TI - [Psychoanalytic psychology of the latency period]. PMID- 7220472 TI - [Psychoanalysis - family therapy - systems theory: critical remarks on the theory of change of paradigm]. PMID- 7220473 TI - [Practice in social competence. Experiences in the development and carrying out of a group therapy program for children]. PMID- 7220474 TI - [Prevention of behavior disorders as the task of the kindergarten teacher]. PMID- 7220475 TI - [Dysmenorrhea, etiology and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220477 TI - [Severe collisions head injury in skiing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220476 TI - [Drugs and driving license (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220478 TI - [Sarcoptidae/itch mites (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220479 TI - [Pseudomembranous colitis following an antibiotic treatment with lincomycin report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220480 TI - [The analgesic effectiveness of Tramal (tramadol) 100 mg for postoperative wound pain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220482 TI - [Indications for prophylactic antibiotics in surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220481 TI - [Chemotherapy of anaerobic infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220483 TI - [Combined antibiotic regimens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220484 TI - [Therapy of intraabdominal sepsis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220485 TI - [Some aspects of antibiotic treatment in the pediatric age group (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220486 TI - [The role of surgery in bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 7220487 TI - [Intermittent claudication of the cauda equina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220488 TI - [Massive spontaneous hemobilia originating in the gallbladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220489 TI - [Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with esophageal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220490 TI - [Progressive brainstem stroke after hang-gliding accident: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220491 TI - [Dermatologic entomology. 21. Trombiculidae/chigger]. PMID- 7220492 TI - ONe-step isolation of human chopionic ganadotropin in milligram amounts, using selective steady-state stacking on polyacrylamide gel. AB - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been isolated in a single step from a crude, commercially available urinary preparation. The isolated hormone, and highly purified standard hormone preparations, each exhibit on PAGE (pH 5.5), as on electrofocusing, 3 to 5 major "change isomeric" species within preparations. In addition, PAGE (pH 5.5) detects differences in molecular size between charge isomeric species of identical net charge occurring in the various preparations. For the purposes of isolation by Steady-State Stacking, each of these charge isomeric families of hCG components was collectively separated from faster migrating proteins in crude, commercial hCG by first allowing them to unstack while the more highly mobile contaminating proteins in the preparation remained stacked and were eluted as a stack from an elution-PAGE apparatus. After some time of electrophoresis the unstacked hCG components were then combined ("restacked") by sweeping them into a second moving boundary and eluted from a preparative elution-PAGE apparatus in a single zone. The product exhibits on PAGE re-run molecular species related to hCG standard as either "size-" or "charge isomers". After dissociation into subunits, all preparations yield a protein indistinguishable in size or net charge from a standard preparation of the beta chain of hCG. The alpha- and beta-chains derived from the isolated preparations exhibited dose-response curves parallel to those of standard hCG alpha and hCG beta respectively. The biological activity of the product was 8-12.000 IU/mg, as compared to 3,000 IU/mg for the starting material. The total yield was 20% by dry weight of the crude starting material. PMID- 7220493 TI - Effects of protectants on the activity of wheat mitochondria. AB - A mitochondrial fraction was isolated from durum wheat seedlings via differential centrifugation using three different tissue grinding buffers. One buffer contained bovine serum albumin (BSA), a protein proven effective in protecting mitochondria from damage during isolation. The other two buffers contained either polyethyleneglycol of M.W. 20,000D (PEG-20), a phenolic binding compound or PEG 20 plus XAD-2, a non-ionic adsorbent material. Organelles isolated with the BSA exhibited an average ADP/O ratio of 2.3 and an average respiratory control ratio of 5.1, substantially higher than those obtained with the other media. Addition of the XAD-2 to a buffer containing PEG-20 resulted in an increase in the respiratory control ratio to an average value of 3.7 vs 2.7 for organelles isolated with PEG-20 alone without causing a concomitant rise in the ADP/O ratio which remained an average of 1.9. Protein values for the mitochondrial fraction isolated with BSA ranged from 2.5 to 3 times greater than those obtained from the PEG-20 preparations. This difference in organelle protein is discussed in relation to the accurate measurement of mitochondrial respiration. PMID- 7220494 TI - A simple method for the preparation of phosphatidylcholine labelled at 2-acyl position. AB - Phosphatidylcholine with a labelled acyl group at 2 position was prepared enzymatically from lysophosphatidylcholine and labelled fatty acids. Under optimal conditions, over 90% of [5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15-3H] arachidonic acid, [9,10 3H] palmitic acids, [1-14C] linoleic acid or [9,10-3H] oleic acid was incorporated into the phosphatidylcholine, and the incorporation was quantitative up to 500 nmol of [1-14C] linoleic acid. Analysis of the labelled phosphatidylcholine formed indicated that radioactivity was incorporated exclusively at 2-acyl position. PMID- 7220495 TI - Preparation of amine oxidase from bovine serum by affinity chromatography on aminoheyxyl-Sepharose. AB - Amine oxidase was purified from bovine serum by affinity chromatography on aminohexyl substituted Sepharose. The enzyme was adsorbed on the chromatographic support in a suspension of aminohexyl Sepharose in diluted serum. After thorough washing with buffer, the gel was packed in a column and the enzyme eluted with 10 mM octylamine. Using this procedure it was possible to obtain apparently homogeneous amine oxidase in a single-step procedure. The specific enzyme activity was 0.14 mumoles benzaldehyde formed per minute at 25 degrees C per mg enzyme protein. Based on the activity of amine oxidase in serum, the yield of enzyme was 64%. PMID- 7220496 TI - Forum: "The international know your body program: health education and screening for risk factors in children". PMID- 7220497 TI - Screening for risk factors for chronic disease in children from fifteen countries. PMID- 7220499 TI - The Know Your Body program in France. PMID- 7220500 TI - Cardiovascular and pulmonary risk factors in Berlin (West) schoolchildren: findings of an exploratory study. PMID- 7220498 TI - The North Karelia Youth Project. A community-based intervention study on CVD risk factors among 13- to 15-year-old children: study design and preliminary findings. PMID- 7220501 TI - Cardiovascular risk factor status of Greek adolescents in Athens. PMID- 7220502 TI - The Know Your Body program in Italy. PMID- 7220503 TI - Major CHD risk indicators in Dutch schoolchildren aged 10--14 years. The Zutphen Schoolchildren Study. PMID- 7220507 TI - "Know Your Body" posters. PMID- 7220504 TI - Risk factors of chronic diseases in Norwegian school children: preliminary findings of a baseline survey as part of an intervention study (the Oslo Youth Study). PMID- 7220505 TI - Risk factors for chronic disease in Thai schoolchildren. PMID- 7220508 TI - Health Promotion: can it succeed in the office? PMID- 7220506 TI - Prevalence of selected cardiovascular and cancer risk factors in a pediatric population: the "Know Your Body" project, New York. PMID- 7220509 TI - [Effect of surface-active substances on hydroxylase activity of Tieghemella orchidis in a free and immobilized state]. AB - The effect of nonionogenic surface-active substances (SAS) on hydroxylase activity of Tieghemella orchidis in free and polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) immobilized states was studied. It was shown that addition of SAS (1%) to the cultivation medium simultaneously with the inoculation stimulated the filamentous growth of the mycelium. It was also demonstrated that certain SAS (span 80/sorbitanemonooleate/and polyethylene glycol-600-monolaurate) affected beneficially the culture transformation activity. The hydroxylase activity also increased after mycelium preincubation with tweens (1%) and transformation in the presence of span-20 (sorbitane monolaurate) and span-80 (0.3%). The use of the latter substances during gel preincubation with immobilized cells led to the stabilization of transformation activity, increase in the hydroxylation rate, and a change in the yield of hydroxylated products to produce hydrocortisone. PMID- 7220510 TI - [Amino acid composition and quaternary structure of glucosoisomerase (d-xylose ketol-isomerase) from Actinomyces olivocinereus 154]. AB - The amino acid composition of glucosoisomerase from Actinomyces olivocinereus 154 was investigated. The content of dicarboxylic acids--aspartic and glutamic--was found to be greater than that of basic acids--lysine, arginine and histidine. Hydrophobic acids were also detected to occur on appreciable quantities. No cysteine was seen in the enzyme. The experimental data on the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea suggests that the enzyme has a quaternary structure consisting of four nonidentical subunits. PMID- 7220511 TI - [Complex isolation of intra- and extracellular RNases from Aspergillus clavatus]. AB - A scheme for isolating guanyl-specific and -nonspecific intracellular and extracellular RNases from the fungus Aspergillus clavatus cultivated in a fermenter has been developed. The scheme involves chromatography on DEAE and CM celluloses, QAE Sephadex A-50 gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and ultragel A-44, and crystallization. Using the scheme, four electrophoretically homogeneous enzymes have been purified, two of them being crystalline guanyl-specific RNases and two nonspecific RNases. PMID- 7220512 TI - [Purification of glucosoisomerase from Lactobacillus brevis and its physico chemical properties]. AB - Glucosoisomerase isolated from disrupted cells of Lactobacillus brevis 74 by extraction with K, Na phosphate buffer was purified by step-by-step fractionation with (NH4)2SO4 and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The purified enzyme was examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The examination showed the enzyme to be homogeneous. The sedimentation constant of the enzyme was found to be 8.3 S. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 200 000. The presence of the carbohydrate moiety in the enzyme was demonstrated by qualitative methods. PMID- 7220513 TI - [Isolation and characterization of microorganisms with mannanase activity]. AB - Twenty-three strains of soil microorganisms synthetizing extracellular mannanase were isolated on the medium containing baker's yeast mannan as the sole carbon source. Ten most active strains were identified with respect to their genera. These microorganisms proved capable to hydrolyze mannans, whose mannopyranose units were bound by alpha-1,2-and alpha-1,6-bonds. In addition, 5 of these strains were able to hydrolyze mannans whose mannose residues were bound by alpha 1,3-bond, and 2 strains could synthetize mannanase active towards yeast beta mannane with 1,3 and 1,4 bonds. The strains tested showed a very low, if any, lytic activity towards yeast Saccharomyces and Candida. This gives evidence that mannanase is an enzyme unable to perform independently lysis of the yeast cell wall. PMID- 7220514 TI - [Rate of iron (Fe 2+) bacterial oxidation at different temperatures and concentrations of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells]. AB - The rate of iron oxidation by bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was measured at different temperatures (5 and 23 degrees C) and concentrations of bacterial cells (10(8)/ml and less). At a cell concentration of 10(7)--10(8)/ml the rate of bacterial oxidation remained at a relatively high level at a lowered temperature. At a low cell concentration (10(6)/ml and less) the rate of bacterial oxidation was reduced at a temperature of 5--6 degrees C. PMID- 7220515 TI - [Immunological status change in leukemia patients with infectious complications and during immunotherapy]. PMID- 7220516 TI - [Body state of donors immunized with various antigens for the purpose of obtaining directed action preparations]. PMID- 7220517 TI - [State of the cardiovascular system in donors undergoing multiple, frequently repeated plasmapheresis]. PMID- 7220518 TI - [System of organizing a tissue typing service in the USSR]. PMID- 7220519 TI - [Erythrocyte membrane protein changes in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]. PMID- 7220520 TI - [Fluorocarbons as possible oxygen-carrying blood substitutes]. PMID- 7220521 TI - [Personal experience in preparing precipitating agar M from Soviet raw material for use in tests for hepatitis B antigen (HBs-Ag)]. PMID- 7220522 TI - [System of managing blood supplies in blood banks in the United States]. PMID- 7220523 TI - [HL-A antigens in blood system pathology]. PMID- 7220525 TI - [Organization of the surgical treatment of chronic destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7220524 TI - [Biological rhythms]. PMID- 7220526 TI - [Causes of ineffectiveness in the treatment of newly detected destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7220527 TI - [Study of the professional activities of a phthisiologist]. PMID- 7220528 TI - [ Effectiveness of treating newly detected tuberculosis without seasonal prophylactic chemotherapy]. PMID- 7220529 TI - [Diagnostic thoracotomy in disseminated processes in the lungs]. PMID- 7220530 TI - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with mental disorders]. PMID- 7220531 TI - [Scintigraphy in the evaluation of the state of the right ventricle in chronic pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7220532 TI - [Serum hydroxyproline determination in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7220533 TI - [Role of tuberculosis in the development of primary chronic adrenal gland insufficiency]. PMID- 7220534 TI - [DNA composition of various species of opportunistic mycobacteria]. PMID- 7220535 TI - [Experimental and spontaneous induction of L-forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other Mycobacteria]. PMID- 7220536 TI - [Short-term intensive therapy of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7220537 TI - [Clinico-anatomical aspects of timely surgical treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7220538 TI - [Clinico-roentgenological manifestations of secondary staphylococcal infection in fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7220539 TI - [Characteristics of bronchogenic tuberculosis (early stage of retention bronchial cysts)]. PMID- 7220540 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma and pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7220541 TI - Placental development and fatty acid metabolism in pigs fed ad libitum or restricted during gestation. PMID- 7220542 TI - Inhibitory effect of charcoal-treated aqueous porcine corpus luteum extract upon ovulation in the rabbit. PMID- 7220543 TI - Studies on aortic histamine synthesis in experimental diabetes. PMID- 7220544 TI - Neural factor in K homeostasis ureter-ligated dogs. PMID- 7220545 TI - Circulating reticuloendothelial depressing substance following thermal injury and intestinal ischemia. PMID- 7220546 TI - The effects of dietary levels of chloride and bicarbonate on egg production and shell quality. PMID- 7220547 TI - Interaction of morphine with the cholinergic system on prolactin release. PMID- 7220548 TI - Prostaglandin analogs as inhibitors of tumor cell DNA synthesis. PMID- 7220549 TI - Accumulation of lead by renal slices in the presence of organic anions. PMID- 7220551 TI - The refusal to sterilize. PMID- 7220550 TI - Influence of calcium on the release of gastrin from isolated rodent G cells. PMID- 7220552 TI - Rational suicide. PMID- 7220553 TI - Government funding for elective abortions. PMID- 7220554 TI - Life and death decisions in the neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 7220555 TI - Animal rights and animal experimentation. PMID- 7220556 TI - The right to health care. PMID- 7220557 TI - Informed consent in medical treatment. PMID- 7220558 TI - Formulation of highly available theophylline rectal suppositories. PMID- 7220559 TI - The interaction of progesterone with mucus glycoproteins. PMID- 7220560 TI - The release rate of fluorides: a laboratory test for fluoride availability of therapeutic dentifrices. PMID- 7220561 TI - [Stability and determination of pilocarpine in eyedrops]. PMID- 7220562 TI - [Immunostimulation]. PMID- 7220564 TI - [The importance of the passionflower in medicine]. PMID- 7220563 TI - [Information systems in commerce]. PMID- 7220565 TI - [High performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 7220566 TI - Simple chromatographic determination of haemoglobin A1a+b and A1c, with cyanide free buffers. PMID- 7220568 TI - Cardiovascular activity of some quinazolone derivatives. PMID- 7220567 TI - Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of 18,19,20 trinor-17 cyclohexyl -13,14 dehydro PGF2alpha methyl ester. PMID- 7220570 TI - Effects of morphine and chlordiazepoxide on locomotor activity in two inbred strains of mice. PMID- 7220571 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic method for antipyrine kinetics in pediatric patients. PMID- 7220569 TI - Interrelationship between anticonvulsant and enzyme inhibitory properties of N methyl-N-2-[1-(1-arylthiocarbamido)] cyclopentyl nitrobenzamides. PMID- 7220572 TI - "In vitro" metabolism of bezafibrate by rat liver. PMID- 7220573 TI - Plasma lipoprotein composition in cholesterol fed rabbits treated with pirinixil (BR 931), a new lipid lowering agent. PMID- 7220574 TI - Analysis of free nicotinic acid released by a polymeric preparation using a mass fragmentographic technique. PMID- 7220576 TI - Acetazolamide and smooth muscle: possible mechanisms conditioning the contractile responses induced by various experimental procedures in several isolated preparations. PMID- 7220575 TI - Pharmacological profile of a new antilipolytic agent: 5-methyl-pyrazine-2 carboxylic acid 4-oxide (acipimox) (1) II - Antilipolytic and blood lipid lowering activity. PMID- 7220577 TI - Intestinal ulcerogenic activity of some non steroidal antiinflammatory agents. PMID- 7220578 TI - Does catalase play a role in Adriamycin induced cardiotoxicity? PMID- 7220579 TI - [Study of the dissolution rate of ethinyl estradiol from tablets by radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. AB - The authors investigated the dissolution rate of ethinyl estradiol, a constituent of Biscurin tablets, by radioimmunoassay. 60% of this compound dissolved in artificial intestinal juice within 2 min. PMID- 7220580 TI - [The dynamics of the drug release from suppositories. Part 5: Liberation of chlorpromazine from suppository bases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors determined the liberation of chlorpromazine hydrochloride from suppositories prepared with the polyethylene glycols PEG 1000, 1500, 2000, 4000, 6000 and their mixtures as well as with the lipophil bases cocoa butter, Witepsol W35 and Witepsol H15. The determinations were made with the apparatus described by Kerckhoffs and Huinziga using a phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4). It was found that the liberation was most rapid from hydrophilic polyethylene glycol bases; and the release rates decreased in the following order: PGE 4000 (75%) + PEG (25%) leads to PEG 4000 (75%) + glycerol (25%) leads to PEG 2000 leads to PEG 1500 (70%( + PEG 6000 (30%) leads to PEG 4000 leads to PEG 6000. The release from lipophil bases was poor. PMID- 7220581 TI - A study on the release of prednisone from new ointment bases containing various additives. AB - The effect of various additives on the release of prednisone from new ointment bases, was investigated. It was found that the rate of release of prednisone was greater from the oil in water emulsion ointment base that both the water in oil or oleagenous bases. The incorporation of water in the water in oil emulsion base decreased the rate of diffusion of prednisone than any of the other additives used. It was also concluded that the best release of prednisone was obtained from the bases which were of similar nature to the diffusion medium. Other factors such as the characteristics of bases and the additives as well as their effect upon the solubility of the drug in the mixture may play a part. PMID- 7220582 TI - [Contributions to the liberation of drugs from suspension ointments. Part 12: On the suitability of some synthetic hydrophobic membranes for liberation studies (author's transl)]. AB - The release rates determined for various salicylic acid and prednisolone ointments on using different membranes in the in vitro model according to Horsch and Kogel [20] were compared with one another in regard to possible membrane specific differences in liberation kinetics and in validity. The results obtained with salicylic acid ointments by the lipophil collodion-lipid membranes and silicone membranes developed by Furst and coworkers [14] were comparable with those yielded by the hydrophilic cellulose membrane: release rates of comparable order of magnitude; same order of ranking of the bases used; plots of the cumulated percentages of release against the root of time providing no evidence of differences in kinetics. In contrast, the permeability of a further hydrophobic membranes (silicone, polyester) was markedly lower. As to the prednisolone ointments, the collodion-lipid membranes yielded comparable release rates and orders of ranking when the drug was incorporated into hydrophilic bases, whereas the silicone membrane was considerably inferior in permeability. PMID- 7220583 TI - [Optimization of the composition of a multicomponent drug form by mathematical investigational designing and experimental testing (author's transl)]. AB - Experiments have been performed to optimize the composition of tablets with 250 mg of noramidopyrine methanesulphonate sodium, 250 mg of aminophenazone and 100 mg of caffeine + sodium benzoate. The effects of the adjuvants Micricell, Aerosil 200, Kollidon CE 5050 and wheat starch on different tablet characteristics (disintegration, mechanical strength, friability and rheological properties) were studied. The results obtained permitted to prepare tablets with good properties: disintegration time, up to 194 s; mechanical strength, greater than 12 kg; friability, less than 0.250%. PMID- 7220584 TI - [On some parameters for the investigation and evaluation of the deformation behaviour of powder mixtures during tabletting (author's transl)]. AB - In the present paper, the possibilities of evaluating the deformation behaviour of powder mixtures during compression are investigated and interpreted. On the basis of deformation profiles relating pressure and deformation, the following parameters are discussed: maximum deformation (epsilon 0) at a compression stress equal to zero; relative maximum deformation (epsilon 0 divided by epsilon m) at a compresion stress equal to zero; elasto-plastic work of deformation (A epsilon); slope of the compression curve (tan alpha). When representing the change in pressure as a function of time, it becomes possible to determine the stress relaxation at constant deformation and to establish the socalled relaxation spectrum. The relaxation time (tau) is the time after which the stress is reduced to the e-th part of its original value. The aforementioned parameters for the evaluation of the behaviour of powder mixtures during compression yield, under laboratory conditions, valuable informations on the relaxation and the deformation of the substances under study which may be extrapolated to the deformation behaviour of tablets under the conditions of commercial production. PMID- 7220585 TI - [The influence of the polymorphism of the active substance on the properties of tablets. Part 3. Compressional behaviour of meprobamate (author's transl)]. AB - Three polymorphic meprobamate-modifications (I, II, III) of different particle size were compressed without other ingredients on a hydraulic press under 30, 60, 120, and 240 N/mm2. The rather soft substance shows a high degree of densification and above ca. 60 N/mm2 also good consolidation properties. The void volumes of the compacts obey the equation of Kawakita and are increasing in all cases in the sequence I leads to III leads to II. The radial breaking strength generally decreases in the same succession and depends linearly on the logarithm of compaction pressure. It is noteworthy, that the modification with the highest density (I) has the highest plasticity and is also compacted most easily. Modification II which is slightly harder and has a density between modifications I and III, shows the greatest differences in the compaction behaviour, as compared to modification I. Its breaking strength is also increasing faster with compaction pressure than the other modifications. PMID- 7220586 TI - Bentonite-induced rat paw oedema as a tool for simultaneous testing of prophylactic and therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory and other drugs. AB - The possibility of screening simultaneously the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of a single dose of anti-inflammatory drugs was further tested. Bentonite oedema was induced in the left paw (0.05 ml of 5% bentonite gel subcutaneously). After the measurement of its size in the 23rd h, the rats were given the test drugs (i.m. or p.o.) and 1 h thereafter, bentonite oedema was induced in the right paw. Some of the drugs suppressed the oedema both prophylactically and therapeutically (steroidal and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sodium aurothiomalate etc.), some others suppressed it only prophylactically (some derivatives of pyrazolone etc.) and some of the remaining drugs tested had no effect at all on the oedema after a single administration. Advantages and limitations of this method are discussed. PMID- 7220588 TI - [Detection of heptacaine-N-oxide in urine by oscillography and pulse polarography]. PMID- 7220587 TI - [A contribution to the cooling effect of external remedies on the live human skin (author's transl)]. AB - Using covered thermoelements, the authors determined in 26 non-dermopathic volunteers the changes in skin temperature produced by the application of Unguentum emulsificans aquosum SR, Unguentum emulsificans cum 50% aqua, Linimentum aquosum SR, Lotio Zinci oxydati SR, Lotio Zinci oxydati aethanolica SR and water. Lotio Zinci oxydati aethanolica SR had the strongest cooling effect, followed by Lotio Zinci oxydati SR and, with some reservations, Unguentum emulsificans aquosum SR. The two other external remedies are unsuitable as cold creams. PMID- 7220589 TI - Studies on cardioactive steroids. V. Structure-activity relationships of derivatives of 16 alpha-gitoxin. AB - The potency of 17 derivatives of 16 alpha-gitoxin was tested in the isolated atrium and heart of the guinea pig and the contractility-increasing activity of the 16 alpha-gitoxin 16 alpha-acetate was compared with that of 16 alpha-gitoxin in the anesthetized dog. The potency of 16 alpha-gitoxin was increased by the substitution of 16 alpha-OH for 16 alpha-methyl ether, 16 alpha-acetate and 16 alpha-nitrate. Substitution of the 16 alpha-acetyl group for substituents with a higher molar volume diminished this enhanced potency. Variation in the digitoxose moiety caused an increase or decrease in potency depending on the position and number of the substituted OH groups. In spite of changes in 16 alpha-OH, the low influence on rhythmicity persisted, as was found in experiments in the dog. PMID- 7220590 TI - Hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism and enzymatic conjugation of foreign compounds in vitamin A-deficient rats. AB - The temporal effects of vitamin A deficiency on hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent and conjugation reactions were studied in the rat. Cytochrome P-450 levels and N-methyl-p-chloroaniline N-demethylase activity were significantly reduced in the deficient animals. No other changes in parameters dependent on cytochrome P-450 were observed in vitro. Decreases in hepatic cytochrome P-450 were accompanied by a prolongation in hexobarbital sleeping times in deficient animals. The p-aminobenzoic acid N-acetyltransferase activity was higher in the deficient animals at 8 weeks, but by 10 weeks the activity in fact was significantly lower as compared to controls. Activities of 'native' and UDP N acetylglucosamine 'activated' UDP-glucuronyltransferase were reduced in vitamin A deficiency. In contrast to this general pattern of impaired drug metabolism in vitamin A deficiency, glutathione S-aryltransferase activity was markedly enhanced at all time points from 4 to 10 weeks. Activities of this enzyme were twice controls at 6 weeks, a time at which no other enzyme changes were observed. PMID- 7220591 TI - Enhancement of thrombocyte aggregation and thromboxane B2 synthesis by diethylstilbestrol. AB - Effect of diethylstilbestrol administration on thrombocyte aggregation and thromboxane B2 synthesis was investigated in atherosclerosis-susceptible pigeons. Platelet aggregatory response to arachidonic acid and synthesis of thromboxane B2 from 14C-arachidonic acid was enhanced in thrombocytes derived from diethylstilbestrol-treated pigeons. Platelet total phospholipid concentration was increased in pigeons with diethylstilbestrol treatment. Enhanced thromboxane synthesis might be responsible for increased platelet aggregation, which in turn might contribute to the severe atherosclerosis noted following diethylstilbestrol treatment in several avian species. PMID- 7220592 TI - Effect of daunomycin on myocardial contractility and on the action of beta methyldigoxin. AB - In isolated electrically driven guinea pig left atria daunomycin at concentrations of 50-200 microgram/ml reduced the contraction. In the presence of daunomycin the positive inotropic effect of beta-methyldigoxin was reduced and, at higher concentration of daunomycin, contractility was inherited. PMID- 7220593 TI - Contrasting effects of diethylstilbestrol and estradiol on contraction of isolated rat aorta. AB - Diethylstilbestrol (DES, 1 X 10(-6) M) inhibited norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractions of isolated rat aortic strips only at low doses of NE in contrast to estradiol-17 beta (1 X 10(-5) M) which depressed only the response to high doses. The degree of inhibition increased over a period of 90 min exposure to the estrogens. Microsomes accumulated process appears to be gradual requiring many minutes which may explain the gradual increase in intensity of the inhibitory effect with increased time of exposure to DES. The contrasting inhibitory effects of DES and estradiol in rat aorta may be due to non-homogeneous solution of these drugs in smooth muscle plasma membranes. DES, but not estradiol, caused contraction of isolated aortic strips prior to the onset of inhibition. This contraction showed fade and tachyphylaxis, was antagonized by alpha-adrenergic blockers, and was enhanced by prior treatment of the strips with NE. Thus, DES but not estradiol is capable of mobilizing NE from storage sites in rat aorta. PMID- 7220594 TI - Prostaglandins and the contractility of the guinea pig biliary system. AB - The effects of exogenously applied prostaglandins on the contractile responses of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi isolated from guinea pigs were examined in normal and indomethacin-treated preparations. Indomethacin reduced the tone and the contractile responses to transmural stimulation and to exogenously applied ACh of the gallbladder, while the tone and contractile responses of the sphincter of Oddi were little affected by indomethacin. Prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2 alpha potentiated the contractile responses of the gallbladder to transmural stimulation and ACh, and furthermore, treatment with indomethacin enhanced the potentiating effects of prostaglandins E1 and E2 but not the effect of PGF2 alpha. The reduced tone and contractility of the gallbladder were restored to the control level by addition of PGE1 and PGE2 but not by PGF2 alpha. These results suggest that endogenous PGE1 and PGE2 may play an important role in neurogenic control of contractility of the gallbladder, but not of the sphincter of Oddi. PMID- 7220596 TI - Effects of thyroid dysfunction on the metabolism of halothane, enflurane and methoxyflurane in rats. AB - The effect of thyroid dysfunction on the metabolism of halothane (100 ppm), enflurane (100 ppm) and methoxyflurane (300 ppm) was investigated during application by inhalation. In male rats the elimination half-lives from the atmosphere of the exposure system amounted to 0.76h for halothane, 6.84h for enflurane and 0.64h for methoxyflurane. Hyperthyroidism due to three daily injections of 0.1 mg/kg triiodothyronine i.p. significantly shortened the half lives of all three inhalation anesthetics. Hypothyroidism due to operative removal of the thyroid gland affected the metabolism of halothane only as evidenced by a prolongation of the elimination half-life while enflurane and methoxyflurane half-lives remained unchanged. The observed differences in metabolic rates are explained by different metabolic pathways of the three compounds. They may be important for the manifestation of toxic effects. PMID- 7220595 TI - Use of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of L-tyrosine to assess antithyroid activity of a factor present in certain tissues of mammals. AB - A factor, present in the kidneys of rats, has been shown to inhibit thyroid activity both in vivo (rat) and in vitro (porcine and bovine thyroid slices). The aim of the present study was to quantitate the inhibitory activity of this factor in renal and other tissues from rats by means of the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of L-tyrosine. Supernatants of renal homogenates (10,000, 27,000 and 35,000 g) obtained from rats inhibited this in vitro iodination system as well as the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of guaiacol. The 35,000-g supernatant from both renal and hepatic tissues contained the greatest inhibitory activity per milligram of protein. Supernatants of homogenates (35,000-g fraction) from testes contained one eighth to one third the activities of liver and kidney, respectively. Kidneys of other species including fetal goat, mature goat, fetal lamb, mature monkey and mature dog, were also shown to contain the thyroid depressing factor. These studies suggest that the thyroid-depressing factor is found mainly in liver and kidneys of the rat and that it is not unique to the rat but is present in the kidneys of other species as well. PMID- 7220598 TI - A bovine muscle extract with anti-cirrhotic and anti-inflammatory properties in the rat. AB - An extract from bovine muscle, prepared by proteolytic digestion, inhibits the development of CC1(4)-induced liver cirrhosis when administered either subcutaneously or orally to the rat. It has a significant effect on survival time, liver and body weight, and gross and microscopic features, collagen, water, protein and triglyceride content of liver. It also accelerates the regression of CC1(4)-induced cirrhosis. Most of these effects were also achieved with a heat stable or lipid fraction of the extract. The heat-stable fraction also shows anti inflammatory activity in carrageenan- and egg white-induced edemas and in cotton pellet granuloma. PMID- 7220597 TI - Effects of a low concentration of ethanol on the potential difference of mucous secreting glands of the toad Pleurodema thaul. AB - The effect of noradrenaline on the bioelectric activity of the mucous glands of 9 toads was studied by means of intraglandular recording. Noradrenaline induced a transient increase in glandular secretion and a simultaneous two-phase increase in the potential difference of the glands. Perfusion with 0.043 mM ethanol Ringer's reversibly reduced this response. Ouabain, in concentrations which block Na+K+-activated ATPase, markedly reduced the slow phase of the response of the 'isolated skin to noradrenaline. The results suggest that ethanol acts in two ways: first by increasing the electrical resistance of the skin and secondly by partially inhibiting the active transport of sodium due to a decrease in permeability of the apical membrane of the transporting cells. PMID- 7220599 TI - Time differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) studies of the 133Ba ion uptake in bone crystals. AB - TDPAC measurements of the 356-81 keV gamma-ray cascade resulting from electron capture decay of 133Ba have been performed at room temperature on BaCl2 (aqueous solution and polycrystalline powder), and on samples where the 133Ba nucleus is bound to bone powder, and also to synthesised hydroxylapatite, all after absorption in vitro. As expected, the angular correlation is not perturbed in the solution. However, in the polycrystalline chloride the time dependence of the anisotropy of the cascade of 133Cs nuclide indicates that the decaying nucleus undergoes electric interactions due to different electric field gradients acting at the site of the nucleus. In 133Ba-bone powder the results show a static quadrupolar interaction differing with the absorption contact time during sample preparation, indicating that depth of 133Ba ion fixation in the bone crystal is dependent on this contact time. These results seem to be confirmed by the TDPAC measurements performed on 133Ba-hydroxylapatite samples where the contact times for absorption of active-ion 133Ba and hydroxylapatite in suspension were very different. PMID- 7220600 TI - Extended three-compartment model for the transport and distribution of Hippuran. AB - The distribution and transport of Hippuran is discussed. The activity leaving both kidneys has been calculated and compared with the bladder activity. It is shown that the Impulse Response Function of the ureter and bladder may be obtained by deconvolution, and data are presented relating to studies on one patient. PMID- 7220601 TI - Measurement of pulmonary perfusion using a digitised ECG-triggered gamma ray absorption technique. AB - AN ECG-triggered multisweep method for the collection of low-energy gamma ray absorption data in normal and cancerous tissue has been developed, resulting in digital perfusion curves with reliable statistics. The small intensity modulation ( approximately equal to 1.2%) due to lung perfusion is detected and separated from the much stronger intensity variations caused by ventilation in a satisfactory way. During this non-invasive test the patient is supine and breathes smoothly. PMID- 7220602 TI - The basis of a suggested instrumental approach to the surveying of neutron fields and the measurement of personal dose from neutrons. AB - The basis of a two-component neutron monitoring system that could be applied to both survey instruments and personal dosemeters is considered. Neutrons with energies below 10 keV are detected by a thermal neutron detector which, in the survey instrument, is located inside a small moderating sphere, whereas in the personal dosemeter it is positioned behind a thermal neutron shield located on an individual's body. Neutrons above 10 keV are detected by counting pulses produced by protons ejected from a thin hydrogenous foil. By judicious choice of the characteristics of the detection elements, it is possible to ensure that the sum of the sensitivities of the elements of both survey instrument and personal dosemeter vary with neutron energy in a way close to that required for radiological protection purposes throughout the range thermal-10 MeV. The realisation of the elements sensitive below 10 keV presents few fundamental problems and appropriate devices have been reported in the literature. Those sensitive above 10 keV have proved to be more difficult to realise in practice. PMID- 7220603 TI - Dosimetry with a diamond operating as a resistor. AB - A very pure diamond with contacts of graphite has a linear current-voltage characteristic when subjected to irradiation. The resistivity is inversely proportional to the dose rate and the sensitivity is extremely high for gamma- and X-rays and electron beams. It is concluded that diamond resistors are suitable for clinical radiation dosimetry. This conclusion is also based on earlier work in which diamonds were used as pinpoint counters. PMID- 7220604 TI - Multiple scattering distributions for therapeutic pion beams. AB - Accurate treatment planning for therapeutic beams of negative pions requires knowledge of the multiple scattering of pions in biologically relevant materials. Complete spatial and angular scattering distributions have been measured for pions in scatterers of carbon, water and calcium. Measurements were made for targets varying in thickness from 0.5 to 21 g cm-2 and for pions with ranges of approximately 12 and 20 g cm-2. An array of scintillators, multiwire drift and multiwire proportional chambers was used to record the scattering of individual particles. These data are compared with the results of Moliere scattering theory. The implications for pion treatment planning are discussed. PMID- 7220605 TI - Voltage waveform effects on output and penetration of W- and Mo-anode mammographic tubes. AB - The output and half-value thickness (HVT) for arbitrary voltage waveforms can be calculated if the variation of both quantities with voltage is known under constant-potential (ripple-free) conditions. An apparatus to study this variation is described. It permits measurements of output and HVT with a Si(Li) spectrometer under conditions equivalent to constant-potential operation; it uses mechanical or electronic gating to limit observations to constant-potential operation; it uses mechanical or electronic gating to limit observations to short periods near the peaks of a sinusoidal waveform. For W anodes both HVT and output are found to follow simple power laws, while polynomial functions of voltage are needed for Mo anodes. Calculations based on these data agree well with experiments in which various ripples are simulated by altering the gating interval. For Mo anodes, the output increases as the ripple decreases, but the HVT changes very little. For W anodes both quantities decrease when the ripple increases. The implications in mammography are briefly discussed. PMID- 7220607 TI - Excessive 60Co in Mo/99Tcm generator columns. PMID- 7220608 TI - Particle size effects in thermoluminescent lithium fluoride. PMID- 7220606 TI - Definitions of effective energy in computed tomography. PMID- 7220609 TI - A colour video enhancement terminal for computerised tomography. PMID- 7220610 TI - DNA excision repair in lymphocytes following photoaffinity labeling with ethidium monoazide. PMID- 7220611 TI - Ultraviolet induced binding of daunomycin to DNA. PMID- 7220612 TI - DNA repair in V-79 cells treated with combinations of physical and chemical carcinogens. PMID- 7220613 TI - DNA damage and repair in human cells exposed to sunlight. PMID- 7220614 TI - Structure and photobiological activity of 7-chloro-1,4-benzodiazepines. Studies on the phototoxic effects of chlordiazepoxide, desmethylchlordiazepoxide and demoxepam using a bacterial indicator system. PMID- 7220615 TI - Photochemical reactions of thymine with carboxylic acids. A model for nucleic acid-protein photocrosslinking. PMID- 7220616 TI - The effect of dark complexing on the photosensitized formation of 8 methoxypsoralen cross-links with DNA. PMID- 7220617 TI - Science education: an experiment in facilitating the learning of neurophysiology. PMID- 7220618 TI - An approach to a physiology course for independent study. PMID- 7220619 TI - Hemodynamics: a simple laboratory system. PMID- 7220620 TI - Contracture of skeletal muscle by caffeine--probe for calcium action. PMID- 7220621 TI - Interaction between the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and the medial septal area (MSA) in the control of sodium and potassium excretion in rats. PMID- 7220622 TI - The pendulum technique for paradoxical sleep deprivation in rats. PMID- 7220623 TI - Liquid food and tongue activity during sleep and walking in C57Br mice. PMID- 7220624 TI - Effects of amphetamine and phenylpropanolamine on food intake in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic or dorsolateral tegmental damage. PMID- 7220625 TI - Retention of appetitive operant conditioning in mice as a function of training-to test interval: effects of pretest electric stimulation of the hippocampus. PMID- 7220626 TI - Melatonin and lighting condition: absence of long-term effects on food intake and body weight regulation in the albino rats. PMID- 7220627 TI - Effects of retention interval and gonadectomy on sex differences in passive avoidance behavior. PMID- 7220628 TI - Partial isolation of the suprachiasmatic nuclei: effects on circadian rhythms of rat drinking behavior. PMID- 7220629 TI - Quantitative analysis of the feeding behavior of four populations of chickens. PMID- 7220630 TI - Amount of feeding activity and size of meals in free-feeding rats. PMID- 7220631 TI - Increased motor excitability produced by alerting stimuli. PMID- 7220632 TI - Somatic and metabolic responses of mature female rats with dietary obesity to dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions: effects of diet palatability. PMID- 7220633 TI - Role of the pulvinar-lateral posterior nucleus complex in turning behavior. PMID- 7220635 TI - Another psychophysical procedure: within-trial stimulus thresholds. PMID- 7220634 TI - Self-stimulation and circling: differentiation of the neural substrate by behavioral measurement with the use of the double pulse technique. PMID- 7220636 TI - Meal patterning of rats with changes in day length and food availability. PMID- 7220637 TI - Unusual dose-related effect of an endorphin analog in a complex maze. PMID- 7220638 TI - Intragastric pressure and receptive relaxation in the rat. PMID- 7220639 TI - Pineal structure and wheel-running activity in rats. PMID- 7220641 TI - An ultraviolet radiation monitor for routine use in physiotherapy. PMID- 7220642 TI - Psychology: its relevance to the practice of physiotherapy. PMID- 7220640 TI - Surgical manipulation of the uterine environment of rat fetuses. PMID- 7220643 TI - A degree course is the answer. PMID- 7220644 TI - Cotrel traction for patients with scoliosis. PMID- 7220645 TI - Gravitational traction in preparation for surgery. PMID- 7220646 TI - Benesh Movement Notation; an introduction to recording clinical data. PMID- 7220647 TI - New incompatibility groups of Staphylococcus aureus plasmids. PMID- 7220648 TI - Antispasmodic effects of some medicinal plants. PMID- 7220649 TI - [Muscle relaxant and cardiac effects of an alkaloidal extract from Strychnos icaja (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220650 TI - Pharmacological actions of saikosaponins isolated from Bupleurum falcatum. 1. Effects of saikosaponins on liver function. PMID- 7220651 TI - Absorption and distribution of vasicine a novel uterotonic. PMID- 7220652 TI - The antirachitic activity of Solanum glaucophyllum leaves. PMID- 7220653 TI - Biological action and half life in plasma or intramuscular sulprostone for termination of second trimester pregnancy. AB - Sulprostone levels in plasma, platelet function and clinical effects were examined in four patients after intramuscular injection of 500 microgram sulprostone for induction of missed and therapeutic abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy. The half life of sulprostone in plasma was 34 (30-45) minutes. The highest sulprostone levels were found 10 to 20 minutes after injection (0.25-0.77 ng/ml) and after 120-240 minutes the values in plasma were no longer distinguishable from zero. Platelet count remained constant. 20 minutes after the injection platelet aggregation was slightly decreased, but not to a significant level. There was no correlation between sulprostone levels in plasma and pain of labour or induction abortion times. Side effects were minimal. PMID- 7220655 TI - Angina-like pain: an unexpected side-effect following the simultaneous administration of angiotensin II and prostaglandin E2 in normal adults. AB - Two fit young, non-pregnant adults both experienced marked retrosternal chest pain and chest tightness when receiving 8 ng kg-1 min-1 AII simultaneously with 5 microgram min-1 PGE2. This dose of AII is well within that given experimentally by various workers, and was without such effect when initially given in the absence of PGE2 infusion. The combination dangerous one. PMID- 7220654 TI - Prostaglandins /PGs/ and peristalsis. AB - The effect of some inhibitors of PG-synthesis /Aspirin, Indomethacin and Suprofen/ on the small intestine peristalsis and the PG-like activity in mice was investigated. It was found that the three drugs examined in the applied doses did not affect the small intestine peristalsis but they significantly decreased the PG-like activity. The role of PGs in the physiological peristalsis of the small intestine is discussed. PMID- 7220656 TI - Interactions of zinc and arachidonic acid. AB - To probe the interaction of zinc with polyunsaturated fatty acids we have studied the effect of zinc on the cooxygenation of ferrous iron and arachidonic acid. Zinc inhibited the process of cooxygenation in a concentration dependent fashion. Further evaluation of the interaction of zinc and arachidonic acid gave spectroscopic evidence that zinc, oxygen and arachidonic acid can form an unstable hydroperoxide-like complex similar to that postulated earlier for iron, oxygen and arachidonic acid. However, in the case of zinc the complex will not proceed further to form stable peroxides and the unstable complex falls apart to give zinc and arachidonic acid intact. The findings have implications for the role of zinc in enzyme reactions and for antioxidant reactions of zinc within the cell. The influence of zinc on platelet aggregation was also evaluated. Zinc was found to inhibit cell-cell aggregation. However, in contrast to the known ability of zinc to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in a broken cell preparation, zinc did not inhibit prostaglandin or thromboxane synthesis in the intact platelet. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by zinc must result from some other action of this cation. PMID- 7220657 TI - Adherence of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to virus infected cells: role of the cytoskeleton and prostaglandin E. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) form significantly greater numbers of rosettes with virus infected cells than healthy controls. Because increased lymphocyte adherence in MS may be important to the disease process, we have investigated the mechanisms governing lymphocyte adherence in healthy control volunteers. We have previously shown that prostaglandins E1, E2 (PGE2), and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db cAMP) increase control lymphocyte adherence to MS levels. We now report that colchicine (10(-7) M) and nocodazole (10(-7) M) significantly increased control lymphocyte adherence to measles virus infected human epithelial (HEp-2) cells. Lumicolchicine had no effect. Cytochalasins A, B, C, and D also had no effect on lymphocyte adherence. Colchicine (10(-5) + 10(-7) M) treatment of mononuclear cells enhanced PGE synthesis in tissue culture. Cytochalasins had no effect on PGE synthesis. Thus, microtubules appear important to adherence of lymphocytes to virus infected cells perhaps by virtue of their involvement and/or control of PG biosynthesis. PMID- 7220658 TI - Fetal prostaglandin levels in twin pregnancies. AB - Umbilical venous plasma and amniotic fluid concentrations of prostaglandins E2 (PGE), F2 alpha (PGF) and 13,14 dihydro-15-keto-F2 alpha (PGFM) were measured in 31 twin pregnancies by specific radioimmunoassays. There was no significant difference between twins I and II in the same pregnancy but PGE and PGFM were significantly increased during labour in fetal blood. This rise was not manifest in the latent phase. PG concentration in amniotic fluid rose with advancing gestational age but was more pronounced in the case of PGE than for PGF and PGFM. No significant differences between amniotic sac concentrations of PGs of twin I and II were found during the prelabour period, but in all four patients in labour with intact membranes, the PG levels were increased in twin I. The fetal plasma and amniotic fluid levels of PGE and PGFM were significantly correlated in the prelabour group. PMID- 7220659 TI - Altered immune complex-induced prostaglandin production in human and murine lupus. AB - Monocytes were isolated by adherence from peripheral blood of normal controls and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who were in the inactive and untreated phase of the disease. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated by adherence from NZB/W, BXSB and C57 control mice. These mononuclear phagocytes were cultured for 24 hours in the presence or absence of immune complexes (IC), after which prostaglandin E (PGE) levels were measured by RIA. Among the humans, normal monocytes responded to in vitro IC treatment with a 6.3-fold increase in PGE output and monocytes from SLE patients displayed only a 3-fold increase in PGE output. Baseline levels showed no difference. Circulating IC levels, as determined by the Raji cell assay, were highly elevated (greater than 6400 ug/ml) in all but one SLE patient. The murine lupus models compared to controls showed similar differences. C57Bl/nJ mice showed a significant increase of PGE production when stimulated with increasing amounts of IC. BXSB and NAB/W mice, however, showed no such increase. It is hypothesized that defective Fc receptor function on monocytes of patients with SLE prevent IC-induced production of normal amounts of PGE. PMID- 7220660 TI - Substituted phenethylamines and anorexia. PMID- 7220661 TI - The effect of altered dopaminergic activity on food intake in the rat: evidence for an optimal level of dopaminergic activity for behavior. PMID- 7220662 TI - Evidence that it is possible to cause anorexia by increasing release and/or directly stimulating postsynaptic serotonin receptors in the brain. PMID- 7220663 TI - Psychopharmacology of anorectic drugs in man. PMID- 7220664 TI - Clinical evaluation, self-rated mood, and psychophysiological reactivity in depressing syndromes. PMID- 7220665 TI - The principal dimensions of manifest depression: II. A comparison of factor analytic studies on depressive symptomatology. PMID- 7220667 TI - An objective classification of psychoactive drugs. PMID- 7220666 TI - Classification of drugs and patients to achieve maximum therapeutic response. PMID- 7220668 TI - [Reflections on the classification of antidepressive agents]. PMID- 7220669 TI - Psychotropic drugs and the heart: clinical implications. PMID- 7220670 TI - Methods of multicenter trials in psychiatry. Part I: Review. PMID- 7220672 TI - Dopaminergic involvement in attention. A novel animal model. PMID- 7220671 TI - The neuro- and cardiovascular pharmacology of RS-51324, a potential antidepressant. PMID- 7220673 TI - Clinical response, plasma levels and pharmacokinetics of desipramine in depressed in-patients. PMID- 7220674 TI - Tolerance to dextroamphetamine sulfate in hyperactive children: assessment using an empirical neuropsychological paradigm--a pilot study. PMID- 7220675 TI - Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of single daily doses of antidepressants. PMID- 7220676 TI - Preliminary studies on CSF gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in psychiatric patients before and during treatment with different psychotropic drugs. PMID- 7220677 TI - A simple system for control of the continuous performance test in psychopharmacological research. PMID- 7220678 TI - Dextro-propranolol in schizophrenia. PMID- 7220679 TI - [Sectoral care and gerontopsychiatric tasks]. AB - After explaining the present critical situation prevailing in the field of gerontopsychiatric care, the basic principles of the psychiatric care of old people are discussed: the multi-dimensional therapeutic approach and the principle of sectoring. Finally, the gerontopsychiatric care system in the town's district (Leipzig-Sud) for which our clinic and O.P.D. are responsible is discussed. PMID- 7220680 TI - [Problems in the rehabilitation of chronic or frequently relapsing schizophrenic psychoses and their causes]. AB - The rehabilitative difficulties in part of the patients with schizophrenia are connected with premorbid disablements which lead to faulty social developments. An attempt is made to show by the example of some courses of diseases that the problems of these patients are largely similar; they are related to the patients entering the phase of vocational life, the establishment of appropriate partner relations and disturbed relations with the generation of their parents. PMID- 7220681 TI - [Methods of personality diagnosis in the frame of functional diagnosis]. AB - With its division into the pathodynamic (clinical) and the psychosocial aspect, functional diagnostics corresponds to the dialectic approach to psychic diseases and thus represents the necessary supplementation to the nosological conception which is based on single-line causal relations. An indispensable element of psychosocial diagnostics are personality-psychological test procedures, the applicability and validity of which in postpsychotic patients is discussed. The disturbances of the personality which are to be revealed in this way are unspecific and can be found in all psychiatric disease groups (e.g. neuroses and psychoses). Their knowledge is an important basis for psycho- and sociotherapy which, as compared to most neurotic developments, shows a higher degree of complications due to the multi-step course in postpsychotic disturbances. PMID- 7220683 TI - [Phenylalanine burden in endogenous psychoses]. PMID- 7220682 TI - [Several epidemiologic aspects of delirium tremens]. AB - In a study carried out in 413 alcohol patients, 135 case histories of male delirium patients were evaluated according to clinical-statistical factors. Of importance is the high rate of complications showing 35.9 per cent of delirium patients and a considerable recidivation rate with a remarkable share of second and third deliria. This indicates an excessive alcohol abuse in our service area over many years and makes it possible to draw conclusions with respect to an improvement of prevention, clinical treatment and after-care of the delirium patients. PMID- 7220684 TI - [Morphology of the orbitofrontal cortex in persons schizophrenic psychotics. A Golgi and electron microscopy study]. AB - By employing Golgi's method it is possible to demonstrate the whole neuron with all structural details in the brain of adults. In the orbitofrontal cortex of deceased persons with schizophrenic psychoses the following morphological findings can be obtained which are not demonstrable by other methods: 1. Mainly pyramidal cells with thick and partly sinuous main dendrites which suggest the presence of an increase in spines. 2. Irregularly arranged triangular cells in the lamina VI with thickened dendrites and increased density of spines. 3. Splitting of the myelin lamellae and deposits of various origins and structures. These findings can be interpreted as a possible expression of a changed function. PMID- 7220685 TI - [Diagnosis of brain abscesses by angiography and nuclear medicine methods]. AB - In most cases, abscesses are formed otogenically or rhinogenically. The clinical symptoms may be uncharacteristic. The diagnosis is made by employing nuclear medical and angiographic procedures. In 40 patients suspected of having a cerebral abscess, transfemoral cerebral angiography and in 14 cases gammaencephalography or cerebral scintigraphy was carried out. Angiographically, cerebral abscesses mostly appear as avascular growths while nuclear-medical or localised increase in the activity concentration suggests a pathological finding. The symptoms are uncharacteristic and can only be attributed to an abscess process in connection with clinical and paraclinical findings. PMID- 7220686 TI - [Electrophysiology in distal median nerve compression syndrome--the so-called carpal tunnel syndrome]. AB - 152 patients--110 women and 42 men--presenting a distal compression syndrome of the N. medianus, the so-called "carpal-canal syndrome" were examined electromyographically and electroneurographically on 198 hands. For avoiding a wrong diagnosis, the determination of the distal motor latency was carried out by means of concentric needle electrodes. Checkups could be carried out in 79 of the patients. Of these, 42 had in the meantime been subjected to an operation, 83 per cent of them with an improvement of the complaints. On the other hand, in 37 of the patients who had not been operated on, the complaints were unchanged or had increased. Only 27 per cent were free from complaints. PMID- 7220688 TI - [Social development in schizophrenics (results of a data analysis from a rehabilitation questionnaire)]. AB - A report is given on the examination of 100 schizophrenic patients by means of questionnaires for a biographic analysis, the results of which showed social particularities of their lives in the sense of "premorbid disabilities" after Wing, showing the necessity of a multidimensional therapy. PMID- 7220689 TI - [The objectivity and reliability of external estimation scales (rating method)]. AB - After a short description of the factors determining the quality of a rating procedure and a survey of the possible error types, main attention is directed to the problems of checking the objectivity and reliability of the method. This includes, among other things, the establishment of a testing plan for the rater working on his own. On the whole, value and limits of the rating method are shown. PMID- 7220690 TI - [Trends in the development of psychotherapy in the USSR]. AB - Psychotherapy, which is mainly directed th the personality and the social relations of the patients, is gaining increasing importance not only in psychiatry. Beyond neurotic diseases, it is an essential part in the treatment of additions, endogenous psychoses, cardiovascular diseases as well as in paediatrics, oncology and other clinical disciplines. Following the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, an extensive and systematic network of psychotherapeutical treatment centres for outpatients is being established. Psychotherapy is of particular importance in the field of rehabilitation. Besides, questions regarding the position of psychotherapy in medicine, of education and continued training and of the position of the clinical psychologist are dealt with. PMID- 7220687 TI - [Peculiarities and difficulties in the systematic drug therapy of chronic schizophrenics (schizophrenic "defect")]. AB - Difficulties are discussed that have occurred in the medicamentous treatment of chronic patients with a so-called schizophrenic defect. The main problem was that in case of a greater drive-increasing effect component of the drug (in the concrete case "Defecton") a recrudescence of productive-schizophrenic symptoms may occur in connection with the increase in drive. The authors' own opinion (Lange) with respect to a treatening "defect", psychopathological radical of the chronic schizophrenic residual condition ("defect"), personality-dependent syndrome structure with secondary symptoms, iaterogenisation and institutiogenisation of the "defect" ("institution artefact") is discussed. PMID- 7220691 TI - [Developmental trends in psychotherapeutic concepts and methods]. AB - In the course of the development from symptom-centered to personality-centered, psychoanalytic, behavior- and "client-centered" therapeutic conceptions, integration of psychotherapy within the realm of comprehensive medicine was temporarily disturbed. In this process psychotherapy restricted itself more and more to treatment of neuroses. At present due to the growing recognition of socio and psychogenic components of somatic illness there exists the chance of integrating psychotherapy as a cross-sectional specialty into comprehensive medicine. In the USSR this state of affairs already exists. PMID- 7220692 TI - [Therapy of a child with neurotic development and behavior disorders]. AB - The parents of children with defective neurotic development are as far as possible to be included in the treatment. The material for the work with the child must be mainly obtained as projective material with playing, individual or in groups, being of the greatest importance. Within the frame of the conception of the four-stage playing therapy, which is employed in the county clinic for nervous diseases in Uchtespringe, the treatment of a 14-year-old boy suffering from chronic constipation with encopresis is discussed in detail. In this case, the symptoms subsided parallel to the change in the child's and the parents' behaviour and the establishment of an Anus praeter which was planned because of the existing intestinal stenosis could be avoided. The harmonic co-operation with the therapeutical staff is indispensable for the effectiveness of a short-term hospital treatment. The result obtained in the treatment must be safeguarded by a continued, longer lasting treatment by an outpatient department. PMID- 7220693 TI - [Evolving trends in verbal psychotherapy]. AB - The present, still unsatisfactory level of theoretical reflexion in the field of verbal psychotherapy as well as the efforts made for an optimisation of the disturbance- and patient-specific method has led to three positions, which can be considered as developmental trends in verbal psychotherapy: traditional conceptions, endeavours for the extension of the basic behaviour, and integrative concepts. These different viewpoints have been problemised. It is to be hoped that the further development of verbal psychotherapy, owing to a deepened understanding of its modes of action and a further clearing up of the question of indications, will proceed more theoretically founded than it has until now. PMID- 7220694 TI - [Ethical aspects of the therapist-patient relationship in psychotherapy]. AB - Various aspects of the duty conscientiousness and readiness of the physician are discussed. A regards the duty of conscientiousness, the command of all scientifically legitimated therapeutical methods, the critical investigation into personal views and behaviours towards the patients and the necessity to consider the multiformity of the disease processes and, if necessary, to make use of the potentials of the team work with colleagues are particularly dealt with. The problems regarding the duty of readiness are explained as well as the necessity of a similar approach to the duty of preservation and information. PMID- 7220696 TI - [Psychoanalysis and reality]. AB - The consequences of the exclusion demanded by psychoanalysis of the social and political reality from the analytical situation are shown.--Assumption of unconscious infantile conflicts as essential motivating forces of macro- and microscopical processes. --Danger of misinterpretation of concrete patterns of behaviour and experience of the patient. --Development of an unrealistic analytical world in the experiences of the patient, psychoanalytical folie a deux. As a basic condition for the use of important and useful conceptions in psychoanalysis, the consideration of the relation between subjective reflection and objective conditions is demanded. PMID- 7220695 TI - [Training of psychotherapists with special reference to the phenomena of transference and countertransference]. AB - The interaction between transference and countertransference, and between real and imaginary level of relations is elucidated from different angles. It is emphasized, that the therapist must learn to oscillate between his conscious purposeful thinking and the state of free floating attention in order to facilitate development of a far-reaching congruency of communication which has to supplement the necessary openness. PMID- 7220697 TI - [Basic trends in the development of forms of organization of psychotherapeutic care of neurotic patients in the USSR]. AB - The development of a multi-stage system of the care of neurotic patients is discussed. According to this system, the first stage is the outpatient treatment, especially in the psychotherapeutic consulting rooms. As the second stage, the psychoneurological district, town and regional dispensaries are introduced. The third stage is formed by semi-clinical institutions (daytime clinics) within the neurological dispensaries. The fourth stage are hospital departments, the particularities of which are briefly discussed. A further important link in the chain of the measures to treat neuroses finally is the care of the patients at a sanatorium. PMID- 7220698 TI - [Prognosis-criteria after long-term imprisonment (author's transl)]. AB - This report shows a series of prognosis-data drawn from an examination of the social situation of all "lifers", who were released from prison in Lower Saxony between 1945 and 1973. The main point of the analysis is the high rate of over 90% of successful post-institutional legal behaviour. For most of the ex-convicts an increase in income and a higher job satisfaction (upward social mobility) were registered after release from prison; family integration is another explanation for the high rate of successful behaviour. On the other hand a long term of imprisonment destroys prisoners' ability to fit into society. The potentiality to social activity diminishes, family ties break down and the burden of the results of imprisonment -- a dangerous influence on the process of reintegration -- increases. Age and prison adjustment behaviour are mostly irrelevant as prognosis criteria. PMID- 7220699 TI - [Obligatory admission of patients -- a contribution to the demythologization of a cardinal concept in psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220702 TI - [Suggestions made by adolescents to prevent suicide by adolescents (author's transl)]. AB - 738 examination papers were collected from adolescents aged 18 to 21 years on the subject of suggestions for preventing adolescents from committing suicide. The persons examined were female trainees for the nursing profession, consulting-room assistants, trainees in midwifery and male nurses undergoing training. The main reasons for suicide stated were a feeling of having been abandoned, or conflicts between the generations (19% each), whereas the main reasons for attempted suicide were stated to be problems connected with school and profession (24%), as well as unrequited or unhappy love (16%). It is actually true that first sexual disappointments or unhappy love accounted for 37% of 438 attempts at suicide in the city of Zurich within a period of 10 years. Continually recurring suggestions of prevention, both generally and specifically, were heart-to-heart talks with persons of the same age, inclusion of outsiders in the group, promotion of self concept, and recognition as well as building up the personality of the adolescent concerned. The basic trend noticeable in 12 comprehensive suggestions regarding an overall prevention of adolescent suicide is that parents should not belittle their children's problems and worries, that groups of friends should be built up in early childhood, and that tactful sexual education is mandatory. PMID- 7220703 TI - [Psychiatry in a country hospital in Freudenstadt, close to the patients' domicile. A critical preliminary review after three years (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on the setting-up of a department of psychiatry at the general hospital in the Freudenstadt district. The department comprises 60 beds and represents the first hospital-integrated psychiatric department of its kind of the Baden-Wurttemberg Land government. It was inaugurated in the summer of 1976. The experience collected over a period of 3 years, presented here in detail, can be made use of within the overall framework of the discussions on the controversial issue of psychiatric departments in general hospitals, which has also been discussed on a political plane. PMID- 7220704 TI - [The psychiatric hospital between obligatory admission and legal responsibilities (author's transl)]. AB - This article focuses on the risks to which a physician is exposed under the provisions of the penal code if he is called upon to decide whether a patient should be admitted to the hospital or not. The conflict between the physician's obligation to protect the patient to be admitted, on the one hand, and to treat all inmates in accordance with the state of the art ("lege artis") and with humanitarian principles, on the other, necessarily leads to problems which are difficult to manage from the legal point of view. It is less likely that such problems can be solved by issuing strict regulations standardizing the procedure, than by improving the overall availability of medical care and treatment facilities. PMID- 7220701 TI - [It is possible to achieve a reduction of the suicide rate in psychiatric clinics (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of an investigation of 17 suicides and 13 attempted suicides which were committed between 1969 and 1979 in the psychiatric department of the Salzburg Mental Hospital, this paper discusses the question of suicide prevention. The emphasis of the present study lies on communication-theoretical considerations. We have found, among other things, that in an attempted suicide the patient unconsciously or (and) consciously manipulates his social context into communication-seeking behaviour (Zuwendungsverhalten), in a suicide, on the other hand, he manipulates it into communication-refusing behavior (Abwendungsverhalten). Although it is surely impossible to prevent all suicides, it must be possible to achieve a reduction of the suicide rate in psychiatric clinics. Concrete proposals to this end are put forward. PMID- 7220700 TI - [Initial experiences in psychiatric emergency service. Comments on the prevention or indication of compulsory hospitalization in accordance with the Hamburg Law on Aid and Protective Measures in Mental Diseases (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of the rules of the Hamburg Law on Aid and Protective Measures in Mental Diseases, a psychiatric emergency service operates at night and on weekends. This emergency service is called upon to decide on the need for compulsory hospitalization and to prevent the same, if possible, via therapeutic alternatives. The article illustrates by documents an initial phase of the activities of this public service. Within the framework of a preliminary study, 63 recorded incidents of service by four physicians are presented who collected data on the situation encountered by them at the time of examination, on the social and anamnestic background of the patients, on their psychiatric evaluation and on the indication for compulsory hospitalization or alternative treatment methods. 22% of the patients were subjected to compulsory hospitalization. Provisional hypotheses on the conditions under which compulsory hospitalization becomes more probable, are developed from the recorded data. The concept of the risk situation is specially reflected upon. The therapeutic possibilities in connection with institutional factors are discussed with a view to promote further development of crisis intervention in the sense of preventing compulsory hospitalization. PMID- 7220706 TI - Stagnation in psychotherapy and the development of active technique. AB - Psychoanalysis and psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy have been practiced as primarily expectant disciplines. The patient is asked to associate freely or to talk about problems, and the analyst responds by clarifying or interpreting; the psychotherapist may, in addition, respond occasionally by advising, urging, or dissuading. Ferenczi, more than other early analysts, emphasized an active technique in psychoanalysis in which he used injunctions and prohibitions to force behavioral change for the purpose of uncovering repressed material. This technique soon fell into disrepute, considered too disruptive for psychoanalysis. Since Ferenczi most analysts have eschewed active methods. Analytically oriented therapists have sometimes used active devices, but reluctantly and unsystematically, seldom making use of recent advances in behavior therapy which could render them more effective. In this paper, after reviewing the history of active technique, I will describe an approach in which a therapist can introduce active methods into an ongoing psychoanalytically oriented therapy in a way which combines psychodynamics and behavior therapy to the enhancement of both. PMID- 7220705 TI - The ethics of human experimentation in psychiatry: toward a more informed consensus. AB - In recent years, the expansion in medical research has been accompanied by a growing concern for human rights, and a proliferation of government regulations. These concurrent developments have generated a deepening uneasiness about the future of human experimentation in psychiatry. This troubled state of affairs points out the desirability of a moral consensus that will respect the concerns of those involved. Toward that end, we offer a method for assessing the arguments now crowding the literature and propose a set of paradigms of human experimentation--the scientific, authoritarian, market, fiduciary, collegial, and social--which appear to lie behind the clash of perspectives. It is our hope that these paradigms can contribute to a fair and sympathetic examination of the conflicting positions. While this in itself cannot guarantee a moral consensus, it can facilitate a clearer organization and understanding of priorities. PMID- 7220707 TI - A death in the life of a therapist and its impact on the therapy. AB - Several years ago, each of the authors experienced the death of a close family member. In the months after our return to work, we found ourselves discussing with each other our losses, the process of mourning, our families, and gradually, our patients. We became aware that we both were struggling privately with the problem of being a therapist in the wake of a deep personal loss. We began to discuss our cases in greater detail with each other, reviewed the literature pertinent to upheaval in the lives of therapists, and spoke with colleagues who had also experienced the death of a loved one. This paper explores the problems and opportunities that may arise in this common clinical situation. Our principal finding is that the interaction between patient and therapist often repeats an earlier trauma for the patient in which the therapist unwittingly reenacts a pathogenic parental response. The therapist should be sensitive to this possibility and attempt to deal with the problem interpretively. Rather than focusing on whether or not to reveal his or her loss to the patient, the therapist should address the broader issue of the meaning that revealing or not revealing will have for the patient. Overall, we hope to further the dialogue about the impact of a therapist's loss on the patient. PMID- 7220708 TI - Ward 3A revisited. AB - In 1973, I wrote in Psychiatry about an ideological clash on a psychiatric ward involving paraprofessionals. The article pointed out that there is a growing trend of therapeutic sophistication among the more educated technicians and aides working in mental hospitals today. At the particular unit studied, Ward 3A, the paraprofessional clash involved a fraction supporting milieu therapy versus another advocating a more aggressive confrontation therapy, which they themselves called "harassment therapy." I wished to demonstrate the power of the modern paraprofessional in psychiatry, and to show some of the organizational dynamics behind the growth in power and sophistication. This is a follow-up to the original study, based on an additional three and a half years of work on the ward; it reports on the eventual organizational response to the paraprofessionals' power, and includes a broader and deeper analysis of the phenomenon of harassment therapy. PMID- 7220709 TI - Understanding the cancer patient: the syndrome of caregiver's plight. AB - Comprehensive cancer care is a combination of tumor treatment with understanding the special concerns and needs of cancer patients. To understand the psychosocial problems of cancer patients requires knowledge of protocol (treatment of the tumor), plight (nonmedical ramifications of cancer), and promise (the caregiver's view of the patient's predicament). Caregivers can sometimes be more distressed by the plight of their patients than are patients themselves. In extreme instances, their vulnerability leads to what is called "Caregiver's Plight," a set of responses which interfere with adequate understanding and may result in progressive vocational demoralization, change to another field, and drastic impairment of self-esteem. Therapeutic suggestions for identifying and correcting caregiver's plight are proposed, including knowing how to cope better and how much to promise, sharing concern with colleagues, attempting to make smaller contributions, and using an exercise called the "Absent Witness," an imaginary self-monitoring review. PMID- 7220710 TI - Dimensions of intimacy in marriage. AB - Intimacy as an important aspect of interpersonal relationships has been widely accepted (Erikson 1950, Sullivan 1953). In the broad context, an understanding of the role of intimacy has been discussed as essential to the development of a science of interpersonal relationships (Hinde 1978). More specifically, intimacy has been cited as an important dimension of the marital interpersonal relationship (Berman and Lief 1975). This paper describes a study of intimacy in 30 young married couples, randomly selected from the general population. Personal identity and accurate perception of the spouse were significant correlates of marital intimacy, and a factor analysis revealed four dimensions of marital relationships: compatibility, structure, intimacy, and problem-solving. In this study, marital adjustment was significantly correlated with expressiveness, commitment, organization, expressed affection, and the absence of conflict. These findings are discussed in the context of the role of intimacy in a science of interpersonal behavior. PMID- 7220711 TI - Social adjustment as a criterion of treatment success: just what are we measuring? PMID- 7220712 TI - The power of form. A psychoanalytic approach to aesthetic form. PMID- 7220713 TI - Values and volunteers: axiology of altruism in a crisis center. PMID- 7220714 TI - The geography of suicide. PMID- 7220715 TI - Length of stay of patients in sheltered care and physical space: a comparative study. PMID- 7220716 TI - Evaluation of the health locus of control for obesity treatment. PMID- 7220717 TI - Utility of a multidimensional locus of control scale in predicting health and job related outcomes in military environments. PMID- 7220718 TI - Role-taking ability of paranoids. PMID- 7220719 TI - General occurrence of stressful reactions to commercial motion pictures and elements in films subjectively identified as stressors. PMID- 7220720 TI - Cognitive modification of obsessive thinking in a rape victim: a preliminary study. PMID- 7220721 TI - An exploration of some reliability results for the Multiscore Depression Inventory. PMID- 7220722 TI - Strategies for rating emotion used by adolescents who show conduct problems. PMID- 7220723 TI - Attributions of interpersonal values and counseling effectiveness. PMID- 7220724 TI - Nervous breakdown as a folk illness. PMID- 7220725 TI - Motives for suicide in elderly people. PMID- 7220726 TI - Drinking-related locus of control as a predictor of attrition in an alcoholism treatment program. PMID- 7220727 TI - Retrograde amnesia in free recall as a function of priority and "posteriority" instruction. PMID- 7220728 TI - Suicide rate and religion within the United States. PMID- 7220729 TI - Studies in inhibition and maternal control. PMID- 7220730 TI - Correlation of scores on Wechsler Memory Scale and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for chronic alcoholics and normals. PMID- 7220731 TI - Impulsivity and the coronary-prone behavior pattern. PMID- 7220732 TI - Evaluation of hypnotically-suggested selective deafness by heart-rate conditioning and reaction time. PMID- 7220733 TI - Effects of exteroceptive feedback on shuttlebox avoidance behavior during short intertrial-intervals in Fisher344 rats. PMID- 7220734 TI - Coping with loneliness and locus of control. PMID- 7220736 TI - Personality characteristics and employability of mentally retarded adults. PMID- 7220735 TI - Prevalence and correlates of depression in elderly persons. PMID- 7220737 TI - Control of thumb-sucking in a classroom. PMID- 7220738 TI - Performance of Korean medical and nursing students on the East-West Questionnaire. PMID- 7220739 TI - Relationships between unemployment rates and suicide rates in eight countries, 1962-1976. PMID- 7220741 TI - Quick Test Alternate-Form reliability for rural mountain children and youth with learning problems. PMID- 7220740 TI - Stability and distinctiveness in interaction of mother and neonate. PMID- 7220742 TI - Rationality and its relation to extraversion and neuroticism. PMID- 7220743 TI - Temporal order of self-monitoring in cigarette smoking. PMID- 7220744 TI - Experimental analysis of effects of self-imposed time-out, positive practice, and restitution on an adults room sloppiness. PMID- 7220745 TI - Experienced control and participation in treatment of obesity. PMID- 7220746 TI - Critical periods for diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital administration during gestation. PMID- 7220747 TI - Correlates of reflection-impulsivity in kindergarten males: intelligence, socioeconomic status, race, fathers' absence, and teachers' ratings. PMID- 7220748 TI - Interpersonal trust and coping with stress. PMID- 7220749 TI - Relationship of stressful life events and adolescents' employment. PMID- 7220750 TI - Teachers as agents of behavioral change for severely retarded students. PMID- 7220751 TI - Suicide attitudes and experiences of hospitalized alcoholics. PMID- 7220752 TI - Token reinforcement procedures for reduction of cigarette smoking in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. PMID- 7220753 TI - Sexual contact between psychotherapist and patient: legal remedies. PMID- 7220754 TI - Personality and antisocial behavior in delinquent and non-delinquent boys. PMID- 7220755 TI - Effect of Gary Gilmore's execution on homicidal behavior. PMID- 7220756 TI - Relationship of coronary-prone behavior and irrational beliefs in college-age and older males. PMID- 7220757 TI - Psychotherapeutic drug recommendations based on the Mini-Mult. PMID- 7220758 TI - Criterion-related validity of three common preschool assessment instruments for boys and girls. PMID- 7220759 TI - Impulsiveness and venturesomeness in a detention center population. PMID- 7220760 TI - Operationalizing memory impairment for elderly persons: the Guild Memory Test. PMID- 7220761 TI - Single-trial passive avoidance learning by rats treated with ionized air. PMID- 7220763 TI - Sensory decision theory describes evoked potentials in pain discrimination. PMID- 7220764 TI - The intentional paradigm and cognitive psychophysiology. PMID- 7220762 TI - The symmetry of emotional and deliberate facial actions. PMID- 7220765 TI - Tracking-cuff system for beat-to-beat recording of blood pressure. PMID- 7220766 TI - Individual differences in ability to control heart rate: personality, strategy, physiological and other variables. PMID- 7220768 TI - Psychosocial stress in industry: a heartache for middle management? AB - Based on French and Caplan's stress-strain model, a large number of stressors, supposed to lead to psychological, behavioral and physiological strains, was measured in Dutch industries with regard to the position of the middle management. It was possible to reduce the number of stressors to three factors: job ambiguity, work load and poor relations with others. Job ambiguity is the factor with the most negative consequences, regarding cholesterol level and mean arterial pressure. The experience of, as well as the relations between stressors and strains, may be influenced by behavioural dispositions (A/B typology), and contextual variables (company size, hierarchical level). PMID- 7220769 TI - Cross-validation of the A/B typology in The Netherlands. AB - In a retrospective patient-control study in The Netherlands, relationships were established between the coronary-prone behavior pattern, as measured with the Structured Interview (SI) and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), and selected Dutch questionnaires, i.e. The Maastricht Questionnaire (MQ) on vital exhaustion as a prodrome for myocardial infarction, the Western Time Attitude Scale (WTAS), and the Achievement Motivation Test (AMT), among others. The SI and the MQ discriminated best between patients (n = 58) and controls (n = 58); negative fear of failure (AMT subscale) was significantly associated with patients but not so with controls, as was time anxiety (WTAS subscale). PMID- 7220767 TI - Coronary heart disease and job stress in two cohorts of bank clerks. AB - Two cohorts of Belgian bank clerks were observed during 10 years, with follow-up examinations at 5 and 10 years. Cohort I consisted of 447 males, aged 40-59, free of coronary heart disease at entry. They belong to a private bank whereas the 768 males of cohort II work in semipublic savings bank. 5 and 10 years' incidence of new "hard' coronary events (sudden deaths, myocardial infarction fatal or nonfatal) were significantly higher for cohort I as compared to cohort II. These differences are not explained through the major coronary risk factors introduced in a multiple logistic function, as expected hard events in cohort I were 50% higher than predicted by the MLF computed for cohort II. PMID- 7220771 TI - Statistical discrimination of male myocardial infarction patients and healthy males by means of psychological test and a tracing of basic dimensions of the infarction personality. AB - 434 male MI patients and 731 "healthy' controls filled out the retrospective RSL psychological questionnaire. This test has shown to discriminate significantly between a considerable number of clinical statements describing MI patients, and a healthy population. A principal factor analysis (with Varimax rotation) on 27 discriminating items from a multivariate discriminant function produced four factors: depressiveness, hostility, work involvement, and job responsibility. The dimensions of work involvement, and job responsibility are well known from other studies on psychological characteristics of the assumed MI personality. The dimensions of depressiveness and hostility, however, may constitute important new contributions. PMID- 7220770 TI - Psychological prodromata of myocardial infarction and sudden death. AB - In this prospective study a psychological test (the "Maastricht Questionnaire') was constructed which measures feelings of vital exhaustion and depression. It is shown that those subjects who have elevated scores on this test have more chance to get a new coronary event within a period of 10 months than those who have low scores on this test. PMID- 7220772 TI - The coronary risk personality: psychological and psychophysiological aspects. AB - The hypothesis was tested that psychophysiological features of the Coronary Risk Personality (CRP) already are clearly discernable before myocardial infarction (MI). Psychological test assessments were obtained from a group of 46 males MI patients, and a group of 78 "Healthy' controls, which were classified as either "High risk' or "Low risk' on blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and/or smoking. Psychophysiological measurements were also taken. The crucial features of the CRP appear to be: the impatience and activity dimensions of type A behavior, and depression; the mediating physiological mechanism with regard to infarction risk possibly is sympathetic reactivity. PMID- 7220773 TI - The experience of losing a job: some effects on cardiovascular functioning. AB - Men whose jobs were abolished because of a permanent plant closing were followed for 2 years as they went through the phases of anticipation, plant closing, unemployment, and reemployment. Changes in serum cholesterol, blood pressure, body weight, cigarette smoking, and pulse rate were examined in relation to these stages of the job loss experience. In general, these indicators revealed a good deal of sensitivity to the stages, as well as to the difference in the rural urban setting of the plants and to levels of social support. However, overall cardiovascular risk never exceeded the levels for controls and any "stress' effects were found to be self-limiting. PMID- 7220774 TI - [Language, object relations and neurosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220775 TI - [Neurotic depression]. PMID- 7220776 TI - [Dynamics of affective disorders and appropriate treatment in manic-depressive psychoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220777 TI - [The "empathic understanding" in client-centered therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220778 TI - [Empathic competence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220780 TI - [Follow-up study methods in psychosomatic patients based on a study of a group of 31 anorexia patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220779 TI - [Psychotherapeutic hospitals compared supraregionally (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220781 TI - [Treatment of chronic anxiety by behaviour therapy and with beta-blocking agents an empirical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220782 TI - [On the problems of postgraduate education in gynaecological psychosomatics. (Pilot study with 185 physicians interested in continuing education) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220783 TI - Psychiatrists and elderly patients. PMID- 7220784 TI - Electrolyte and fluid imbalance: neuropsychiatric manifestations. PMID- 7220785 TI - Stress and cancer: the state of the art. Part 2. PMID- 7220786 TI - The role of the nurse on a consultation-liaison team. PMID- 7220787 TI - Differential diagnosis of cimetidine-induced delirium. PMID- 7220788 TI - Lipid conformation in model membranes and biological membranes. PMID- 7220789 TI - Repairable and unrepairable DNA strand breaks induced by decay of 3H and 125I incorporated into DNA of mammalian cells. AB - Chinese hamster cells (Cl: 1) were labelled with 3H-thymidine or 125Iododeoxyuridine for 18 h and after 3 h in non-radioactive medium they were stored at 0 degrees C up to 6 h. The number of DNA strand breaks observed after the labelling period (37 degrees C) or after treatment at 0 degrees C was determined using the DNA-unwinding technique. 125I-decays in DNA were significantly more efficient than 3H-decays in introducing unrepairable DNA strand breaks during the labelling period. 32% of 125I-induced and 3% of 3H induced DNA strand breaks were unrepaired after 21 h at 37 degrees C. Comparison between the effects of 125I- or 3H-disintegrations in DNA in three different ways shows 7--12 times more pronounced effects for 125I-decays. For 125I-labelled cells 3--4 DNA strand breaks were found per decay and the corresponding value for 3H- labelled cells was 2. PMID- 7220791 TI - DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression of synchronized L-cells after irradiation in various phases of the cell cycle. AB - The varying sensitivity to radiation in the different phases of the cell cycle was investigated using L-929 cells of the mouse. The cells were synchronized by mechanical selection of mitotic cells. The synchronous populations were X irradiated with a single dose of 10 Gy in the middle of the G1-phase, at the G1/S transition or in the middle of the S-phase, respectively. The radiation effect was determined in 2 h intervals a) by 14C-TdR incorporation (IT) into the DNA, b) by autoradiography (AR), c) by flow cytometry (FCM). The incorporation rate decreased in all three cases, but the reasons appeared to be different, as can be derived from FCM and AR data: After irradiation in G1, a fraction of cells was prevented from entering S-phase, after irradiation at G1/S a proportion of cells was blocked in the S-phase, and after irradiation in S, DNA synthesis rate was reduced. As a consequence of these effects, the mean transition time through S phase increased. The G2 blocks, obtained after irradiation at the three stages of the cycle were also different: Cells irradiated in G1 are partly released from the block after 10 h. Irradiation at G1/S caused a persisting accumulation of 50% of the cells in G2, and for irradiation in S more than 80% of the cells were arrested in G2. PMID- 7220790 TI - Stem cell kinetics in spleen and bone marrow after single and fractionated irradiation of infant mice. AB - The number and type of stem cells in spleen and bone marrow of mice were determined after exposure to a single dose of 150 R on day 6, to a single dose of 500 R on day 6 or day 9 or to a fractionated dose of 150 R + 350 R on day 6 and 9. The stem cells were assayed on the basis of colony forming units (CFU) in spleen and of incorporation of iododeoxyuridine in spleen and bone marrow of lethally irradiated host mice. During the first months of life, the number of stem cells in non-irradiated mice increases markedly in bone marrow and slightly in spleen. Irradiation causes a long-lasting depression in stem cells, particularly in bone marrow and affecting preferentially erythropoietic precursor cells. Following a dose of only 150 R, the number of CFU in bone marrow is still below control levels 24 days later. An exposure to 500 R fractionated between day 6 and 9 has a markedly greater effect on stem cells in the spleen than the same dose given in a single application either at day 6 or 9. PMID- 7220792 TI - Investigation of magnetic field effect on trypsin activity. AB - Influence of a homogeneous magnetic field on catalytic rate is proposed as a tool for the investigation of enzyme association. Investigations were initiated with studies of the effect of a 1.4 T homogeneous magnetic field on trypsin activity at 36.5 degrees C and pH 3.3, 5.3, and 7.2, respectively. Periods of exposure were applied up to 2--7 h. No detectable change of activity was observed in any of the exposed systems when they were compared with the identical but unexposed ones. PMID- 7220793 TI - 60 Hz electric field parameters associated with the perturbation of a eukaryotic cell system. AB - Roots of Pisum sativum were exposed for seven days to 60 Hz electric fields ranging from 70--430 V/m in an aqueous medium whose conductivity was approximately 0.07 mho/m. (Corresponding current densities in the exposure medium associated with these field strengths ranged from 0.5--3.0 mA/cm2). Control and exposed roots were grown concomitantly in the same tank whose growth medium was continuously circulated. Temperature in the exposure medium was held at a constant 19 degrees C. All experiments were conducted "double blind." Root growth rates were determined daily. No perturbations in root growth were observed with electric fields of 150 V/m; there was a slight effect at 360 V/m, and a pronounced decrease in growth rate occurred at 430 V/m. Root conductivities are comparable to that of the growth medium. Under conditions in which growth inhibition occurs, it is estimated that induced 60 Hz cell membrane potentials would be of the order of 3--8 mV. PMID- 7220794 TI - Biophysical investigations of the dose-effect relationship in chromosome aberrations of human lymphocytes caused by thorotrast deposits. I. Physical aspects. AB - Thorotrast is a X-ray contrast medium which has been used in the years 1930-1950. It is hardly ever eliminated from the body and is stored in the organs of the reticulohistiocytic system (RHS). Since Thorotrast contains all radionuclides of the thorium decay chain, the effect of internal irradiation by these radionuclides can be investigated in the so called "Thorotrast patients". It is the purpose of this study to determine the radiation dose absorbed by the lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of these persons, and to correlate it with their chromosome aberration rate. Part I of the paper describes the physical aspects of dose evaluation. The chromosome aberration rates of Thorotrast patients were subjected to a repeated statistical test. They show a logarithmic normal distribution at a mean value of about seven dicentric chromosomes per 100 cells. The corresponding dose has to be determined. The method for evaluating size and distribution of Thorotrast conglomerates in the examined tissue is demonstrated, and the function and resolution power of the applied "texture analysing system" (TAS) is described. Size-distributions of Thorotrast conglomerates of lymph nodes from the neck, the lung and from the lower aorta (bifurcatio) are given. In the lymphatic system more than 90% of the absorbed dose in tissue is due to alpha-particles. The computation method of calculating the self-absorption of alpha-particles in the conglomerates and of calculating the annual doses in the lymph nodes is described. The values lie between 135 and 1200 rad/year. The contribution to irradiation from outside the lymphatic system can be neglected. The method of dose determination is discussed and compared with microdosimetric methods. With these methods, the dose of a lymphocyte caused by one hit of an alpha-particle lies between 80 and 920 rad. An energy dissipation does not take place and the total energy emitted acts on the lymphocytes thus inducing chromosome aberrations. PMID- 7220795 TI - Biophysical investigations of the dose-effect relationship in chromosome aberrations of human lymphocytes caused by thorotrast deposits. II. Biological and medical aspects. AB - The biological effect of alpha-radiation, which has been examined in this investigation, is the occurrence of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of Thorotrast patients. To set up a dose-effect relationship, it is necessary to estimate the absorbed dose of a single lymphocyte found in a blood sample. Then it would be possible to use chromosome aberrations of lymphocytes from peripheral blood as an indicator for estimating the effective radiation dose. The physical aspects of this investigation have been described in part I of this paper. In part II, biomedical considerations are described and discussed. The irradiation of the lymphocytes takes place in the whole lymphatic system, but the lymph node could have been used as a model for the lymphatic system. Based on the evaluation of size and distribution of Thorotrast conglomerates, the average annual dose in different structures of the lymph node has been determined. The Thorotrast content in lymph nodes depends on the region of the body from where the lymph nodes originate. It has been tried to compile the distribution of the lymph nodes in the different regions of the body. Annual doses have been calculated in these different regions in order to find a representative value for the whole body. The values describing the kinetics of the lymphocytes in the body have been used to convert the annual dose in lymph nodes into the dose of a lymphocyte found in a sample of peripheral blood. It is pointed out that the calculated dose of the lymphocytes, being 250 rad, is an estimation of an upper value. The lymphocytes are "in vivo" irradiated by the Thorotrast, but most of the calibrations used for biological dosimetry are referred to as "in vitro" experiments. The discrepancy between "in vivo" and "in vitro" results are discussed in the findings of this study and in other results. PMID- 7220796 TI - Analysis of radiation-induced acentric fragments in human G0 lymphocytes. AB - Acentric fragments induced by low and medium LET radiations and observed in the first mitosis after stimulation were evaluated in the total collective of cells and in the sub-collectives of cells with and without dicentric chromosomes. For 13 MeV electrons and 150 kV X-rays the dose-yield relationships of all acentrics and of excess acentrics (acentrics not associated to dicentrics) were best fitted by linear-quadratic functions. For soft X-rays (10 kV) the dose-yield relationship of excess acentrics was linear. LET-independent proportions of, on the average, 1.03 +/- 0.07 acentric fragments associated with 1 dicentric chromosome and of approximately 0.5 acentrics associated with other aberrations of the binary interaction type have been observed. The linear yield components of the excess acentrics are relatively large, and an LET-dependent proportion, decreasing with increasing LET, exists between the liner components of excess acentrics and dicentrics. This may be taken to indicate the presence of acentrics resulting from single "primary lesions", a result questioning Revell's exchange hypothesis. The evaluated distributions of excess acentrics show overdispersion, which can be explained by the simultaneous formation of two acentrics in certain incomplete exchange aberrations of interstitial deletions. PMID- 7220797 TI - Murine spermatogonial regeneration after exposure to either X-rays or 15 MeV neutrons. AB - The long-term regeneration of the seminiferous epithelium after irradiation with 15 MeV neutrons was studied in the mouse on a comparative basis; 150 kV X-rays were used as reference-radiation. The mice received total-body exposures at matched doses. The spermatogonial Regeneration Index (RI) was scored from stained paraffin-sections of testes which were obtained after periodic sacrifice. A biphasic pattern of regeneration was recorded. Dose-independent and dose dependent effects have been indicated. The radiobiological implications are discussed on a cellular basis. PMID- 7220798 TI - Dependence of gamma-irradiated Y-peak and melting of DNA on concentration and ionic environment. AB - Y-peak is found to be a function of ionic strength and concentrations of DNA. The Y-peak reveals close dynamic interaction between DNA and solvent system. Electronic transitions responsible for Y-peak are not the same transitions that are responsible for X-peak. Y-peak's electronic transitions are indicative of charge transfer complex formation between DNA and solvent system. gamma Irradiation induces hyperchromicity due to strand separation at lower doses. A-T base pairs are first to undergo coiled state as shown by delta Tm spread. Strand chopping and saturation of double bonds of the exposed bases by free radicals (H degrees and OH degrees) give rise to hypochromic regions at X-peak. Rise in ionic strength and the concentration of DNA has protective effect against gamma-damage. Y-peak is found to be a function of solvent, whereas, X-peak is independent of solvent nature. PMID- 7220799 TI - Two new rodent models for actinide toxicity studies. PMID- 7220800 TI - Gonadal dose obtained from treatment of nasal carcinoma by ionizing radiation. PMID- 7220801 TI - The effect of acute total-head X irradiation on C3H/He mice. PMID- 7220802 TI - Chromosome aberrations induced in patients treated with telecobalt therapy for mammary carcinoma. PMID- 7220803 TI - Survival and renewal of murine stem spermatogonia following 60Co gamma radiation. PMID- 7220804 TI - Fixation of potentially lethal radiation damage in Chinese hamster cells by anisotonic solutions, polyamines, and DMSO. PMID- 7220805 TI - Differential mutagenic response of G1 phase variants of Balb/c-3T3 cells to uv irradiation. PMID- 7220806 TI - Characterization and properties of repair of potentially lethal damage as measured with the help of beta-arabinofuranosyladenine in plateau-phase EAT cells. PMID- 7220807 TI - Referral and decision-making process for psychiatric treatment in the Yoruba community of Nigeria. PMID- 7220809 TI - How deaf is deaf? A percentage evaluation method. PMID- 7220808 TI - Thermal comfort and hypothermia. PMID- 7220810 TI - Indoor air pollution and its effects on health. PMID- 7220812 TI - Flavours in food products - art or science? PMID- 7220811 TI - At the crossroads of primary health care. PMID- 7220813 TI - [Action of low doses of gamma radiation on mammalian cells in culture]. PMID- 7220814 TI - [Blood serum chemiluminescence after body irradiation]. PMID- 7220815 TI - [Synergism of the effect of gamma radiation and radiotoxins. 1. Effect of radiotoxins on the growth of native and irradiated corn rootlets]. PMID- 7220817 TI - [Role of different blood serum components in the transport of plutonium resorbed from the muscles]. PMID- 7220816 TI - [Effect of dianabol on postradiation glycolysis disorders in the rat liver]. PMID- 7220818 TI - [Enzymologic and chromosome changes in lung macrophages in rats after a single total irradiation]. PMID- 7220819 TI - [Protective action of cystamine in repeated irradiation]. PMID- 7220820 TI - [Radiosensitizing action of 8-bromocaffeine on mouse hematopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 7220821 TI - [Lethal and mutagenic action of electron irradiation in a range of low temperatures (-196 degrees C) on the rII mutant of T4 phage]. PMID- 7220822 TI - [Heparin stimulation of the migration capacity of hematopoietic cells in irradiated rodents]. PMID- 7220824 TI - [Evaluation of the importance of adrenal cortical functional activity indices for predicting individual radiosensitivity of animals. 2. The prediction of the individual radiosensitivity of monkeys by direct and indirect indices of adrenal cortical functional activity]. PMID- 7220823 TI - [Tumoral effects in the progeny produced from irradiated rats]. PMID- 7220825 TI - [Graduated curves of the dose-effect relationship in the gamma irradiation of plants]. PMID- 7220826 TI - [Significance of the irradiation dosage rate in the reactions of the vascular tissue barrier]. PMID- 7220827 TI - [Nature and repair of sublethal damages]. PMID- 7220828 TI - [Kinetics of the occurrence of single-stranded breaks and alkali-labile bonds in PM2 phage superhelical DNA irradiation]. PMID- 7220829 TI - [Effect of the extent of protein synthesis inhibition on the the dynamics of postradiation nuclear chromatin breakdown in rat thymus cells]. PMID- 7220830 TI - [Modification of the radiation damage to erythrocyte ghost acetylcholinesterase by a change in the osmolar strength of the irradiation medium]. PMID- 7220831 TI - [Reaction of resting L5178Y-S and L5178Y-R cells differing in radiosensitivity to irradiation and hydroxyurea exposure]. PMID- 7220833 TI - The use of the image intensifier in phenol lumbar sympathetic block. PMID- 7220832 TI - [Evaluation of the importance of adrenal cortical functional indices for predicting individual radiosensitivity. 1. Methodological approaches to predicting individual radiosensitivity by an indirect index of adrenal cortical function]. PMID- 7220834 TI - Symposium on blunt trauma. PMID- 7220835 TI - Splenic rupture in blunt trauma. Correlation of angiographic and pathologic records. PMID- 7220836 TI - Management of pelvic fractures. PMID- 7220837 TI - Computed tomography in blunt trauma. AB - Until now, CT has been utilized very little in the evaluation of the bluntly traumatized patient. Based on our early experience, we have attempted to demonstrate the CT features of a spectrum of injuries. Much of this information is new and additional studies will have to be performed to elucidate fully the benefits of computed tomography in the diagnosis of trauma. A method of study has been outlined which stresses the use of intravascular, oral, and, when needed, rectal contrast materials for study in these patients. PMID- 7220838 TI - Vascular injuries in blunt pelvic trauma. PMID- 7220839 TI - Study and management of blunt trauma in the immediate post-impact period. PMID- 7220841 TI - Laceration of the thoracic aorta and brachiocephalic arteries by blunt trauma. Report of 54 cases and review of the literature. PMID- 7220842 TI - [Cerebral radiocirculography in the study of peculiarities of cerebral hemodynamics of epileptics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220840 TI - Logic and logistics of radiography, angiography, and angiographic intervention in massive blunt trauma. PMID- 7220843 TI - [Computer-assisted evaluation of cardiovascular examinations using the microcomputer system KRS 4200 of the VEB combination Robotron]. PMID- 7220846 TI - [Contribution of the determination of the probability of lymphogenous metastasization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220845 TI - [A contribution to the clinical radiological diagnosis of early gastric carcinomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220844 TI - [The course of radiological pulmonary changes with lymphogranulomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220847 TI - [Contribution to the determination of the probability of lymphogenous metastatization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220848 TI - [The radiological diagnosis with contrast media in closed traumata of the spinal column (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220849 TI - [The structural identifiability of linear chamber models in the nuclear medical diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220852 TI - Technical considerations of epidural venography. AB - Epidural venography has proven to be a practical and viable examination, complementing myelography, in the diagnosis of intervertebral disk pathology. Epidural venography is of special value where myelogram results are negative or questionable, but clinical symptoms of herniated nucleus pulposus persists. The ability to achieve technically consistent, highly diagnostic results will often indicate the success of epidural venography becoming a frequently performed procedure in the radiology department. PMID- 7220853 TI - Unacceptable disparities--do they exist in the adult education movement? AB - In spite of the tremendous movement and excitement in adult education, there is growing evidence to support the premise that existing adult education programs are not reaching members of minority groups who seem to need them most. Over the past two decades positive strides have been made to bring about equal educational opportunities for all persons regardless of race, sex, or socioeconomic circumstances. Unfortunately these strides have not occurred in continuing or adult education. The purpose of this paper is to: 1) present the current trend in adult education's clientele (re: race, income, and educational attainment); 2) reflect if the movement is bridging or widening the gaps between black and white, poor and rich, and uneducated; and 3) provide a forum for discussion of the issues by current and potential adult educators. PMID- 7220851 TI - [Gastroscintigraphic examinations on the influence of different factors on the kind of evacuation of the stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220850 TI - [The importance of in-vitro diagnostics of thyroid metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7220855 TI - Guide to grant applications. AB - This article is designed to serve as a guide for those individuals interested in applying for federal government and/or private foundation grants in the radiologic sciences. The guide includes subject areas such as identifying funding sources; selecting the appropriate funding agency; tips for grant applications; a checklist for federal grant proposals; and a list of suggested readings presented in a ready reference outline format. PMID- 7220854 TI - A new radiographic technique utilizing arthrotomography for studying the shoulder derangements. PMID- 7220856 TI - Supportive leadership via rapport. AB - As the health care system is staffed by more and more professionals, the need for more supportive type leadership based on referent power will increase. In order to achieve the goals of the organization, leaders must begin to rely on their ability to communicate "themselves" to others, rather than on their coercive or legitimate power. Rapport (through empathy, respect, and warmth) is suggested as a means of influencing the attitudes of others and developing supportive leadership capabilities. The ever increasing professionalization of radiologic technology will necessitate more supportive type leadership both in the work place and within professional organizations. PMID- 7220858 TI - Perspectives on certification--one aspect of the credentialing process. PMID- 7220857 TI - A system for checking radiation therapy calculations for treatment time or monitor setting. AB - Errors in the calculation of radiation therapy treatment time or monitor setting are likely to occur with regularity unless adequate quality control procedures are utilized. These errors can be greatly reduced if appropriate computer systems are employed with programs which utilize analytical representations of dosimetric quantities. A system wherein dosimetry technologists routinely check treatment calculations using a computer terminal has been in operation in our department for several years and has proved helpful in uncovering calculation errors. PMID- 7220859 TI - The future of the diagnostic technologist in New Hampshire. PMID- 7220860 TI - Photochromic sunglasses for radiation protection of the eyes. PMID- 7220861 TI - [Principles of order in the course of tuberculosis. Pathogenesis, morphology, and radiological findings of tuberculosis (author's transl)]. AB - Presentation of different kinds in the course of tuberculosis of the lung. Comparison of pathologic-anatomical findings and radiology of an active, exudative, cavernous, cirrhotic, and miliary tuberculosis. Discussion of the concept of activity from different points of views: clinical, radiological, and histological. PMID- 7220862 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis today-revisited (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis--in spite of its general decline in frequency--remains an important task, even today. There are certain types of opacification which should make one think of TB. A pulmonary nodule--with or without hilar involvement--in an adult may represent primary TB. Postprimary disease is usually located in the first or second lung segment, occasionally also in the sixth. Abnormal findings in the apices are usually tuberculous in origin. Bilateral foci in both upper lobes with similar or identical opacification patterns are especially typical of tuberculosis. Without treatment, there is apico-caudal progression. With tuberculostatic therapy, there usually is rapid regression with relative little scar formation. Residuals of cavities can present as a ring like shadow. Tests for TB-bacteria are usually negative in these cases. Circumscribed older lung lesions in asymptomatic healthy appearing patients mandate supervision of these patients to detect reactivation of the disease, which occurs fairly frequent and to prevent the infection of others. PMID- 7220863 TI - [Radiology in silico-tuberculosis (author's transl)]. AB - In spite of a decreasing number of new cases of silico-tuberculosis even today there still remains a serious complication of silicosis. The job of radiology is to recognise the disease, evaluate the course of the disease during therapy and classify the disease for compensation purposes. Due to the pathogenetic and pathomorpohologic similarities of silicosis and tuberculosis, it is often difficult and sometimes even impossible to recognise the presence of tuberculosis in cases of silicoses or to identify and isolate the TB component in silicotuberculosis. Careful consideration of all radiological and clinical parameters improves the accuracy of diagnosis. Since the radiographic examination provides the only method of evaluating the morphologic state of the disease, radiology will keep its central position in the diagnosis of silicotuberculosis. PMID- 7220864 TI - [Intrapulmonary sarcoid, presenting as tumor or as multiple pulmonary nodules with and without cavities (author's transl)]. AB - Eight cases of nodular, partially cavitary intrapulmonary--mainly acute--sarcoid mimicking metastatic disease or cavitary disease of other etiology are presented to point out the fact that sarcoid can occur in this form. Almost all these patients were young and asymptomatic with the lesions discovered incidentally on the chest films taken for other reasons. The pulmonary nodules and cavities present differential diagnostic problems; with the concomitant--or previous- presence of hilar or mediastinal lymph-adenopathy and the finding of unsharp borders of the nodules somewhat supporting the diagnosis of sarcoid. PMID- 7220865 TI - [Sonography in pericardial effusion (author's transl)]. AB - The examination technique, results and diagnostic value of sonography were evaluated in a retrospective study of 70 patients with pericardial effusion. Small effusions of less than 100 cc can be detected by observing a separation of the epicardium from the pericardium. With larger effusions sonography allows an approximate estimate of the volume. Since ultrasonography is non-invasive, and since it has a very high diagnostic accuracy and only few false-negative findings, it is the method of choice for the examination of patients suspected of having a pericardial effusion. PMID- 7220866 TI - Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the lung. The double needle technique. AB - Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the lung is a well established procedure. Use of a double needle technique allows a single needle pass through the pleura and multiple samples of the lesion. In a series of 440 patients, 91% of malignant lesions were diagnosed with low morbidity and no mortality. PMID- 7220867 TI - [Rare localisation of osteochondrosis juvenilis (author's transl)]. AB - A survey of rare localisations of osteochondrosis juvenilis is given and illustrated by cases of Morbus Friedrich, Morbus Panner, Vertebra plana Calve, Morbus Blount, Morbus Iselin, Morbus Hegemann and Morbus Thiemann. This is followed by discussion of etiology and differential diagnosis. PMID- 7220868 TI - [Craniolacunia ("Luckenschadel") as an isolated finding (author's transl)]. AB - Case report of congenital craniolacunia ("Luckenschadel" or lacunar skull) only associated with several noncerebral malformations but lacking the CNS findings usually associated with this condition, such as dysraphism. Presentation and discussion of etiology and prognosis of this anomaly and its differential diagnosis. PMID- 7220869 TI - The Albright-McCune syndrome. Case report with emphasis on craniofacial bone dysplasia and fracture healing. AB - An instance of Albright-McCune's syndrome in a male is reported. Special attention is paid to the complete lack of cranial nerve affection in spite of the extensive thickening of the skull base. Fracture healing was normal as regards time and callus formation. A favourable prognosis is anticipated. PMID- 7220870 TI - [Dyssegmental dwarfism--report on two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 2 cases of dyssegmental dwarfism, a rare lethal form of dwarfism. Both male newborns died from asphyxia immediately after delivery. Its features are malformations of the first visceral arch (Pierre-Robin-Syndrome) malformations of all extremities (Camptomicromelia) and severe malformations of the spine (Anisospondyly), with the vertebral changes serving as the main differential diagnostic feature. Among other things, these malformations are due to defective enchondral ossification; and the disease is presumably autosomal recessive. PMID- 7220872 TI - [Intrarenal space occupying lesion?]. PMID- 7220871 TI - [Selective cervical metrizamide myelography by a lateral c1/c2 approach. A report of 102 cases (author's transl)]. AB - In 102 patients, cervical metrizamide myelography was performed using a lateral C1/C2 approach. The procedure is of low risk, is easily performed and provides excellent diagnostic result. The authors hold this method--a few cases excepted- to be best for the investigation of the cervical region. PMID- 7220873 TI - A method for the noninvasive evaluation of cardiovascular dynamics using a digital radiographic device. AB - The authors describe a technique for visualizing and quantitating blood flow and cardiac dynamics following the intravenous administration of contrast material (less than 1 ml/kg). This method uses a digital radiographic device while motion by the patient or test subject is stopped. Preliminary flow studies of the carotid arteries and heart of a dog are presented. This technique has the potential to quantitate physiological parameters such as relative blood flow through pairs of arteries, cardiac output, regional ejection fraction, and heart wall movement and thickening. PMID- 7220874 TI - Embolization of the spermatic vein for treatment of infertility: a new approach. AB - A new transjugular technique for spermatic venography and nonsurgical transcatheter occlusion of incompetent spermatic veins is described. With this technique, the left spermatic vein was easily catheterized in 28 of 30 patients examined, and in 21 patients the vein could be occluded. Right spermatic vein catheterization was attempted in 25 patients. Right-sided spermatic vein occlusion was successful in 17 of 24 patients. The vein could not be selectively entered only twice. Bilateral incompetence of the spermatic veins in men with primary sterility is the rule rather than the exception. Valvular incompetence does not necessarily produce a clinically detectable varicocele. Bilateral venography is indicated in all men with abnormal spermiograms. PMID- 7220875 TI - A new method of transfemoral testicular vein obliteration for varicocele using a balloon catheter. AB - Selective obliteration of the testicular vein as a treatment for varicocele is described in 51 patients. Twenty-five patients had a history of infertility. A coaxial catheter-balloon catheter system was used. The procedure was done on an outpatient basis. The complications and success rates are comparable to postoperative results. Four of the 25 patients whose primary indication for the procedure was infertility have fathered children. PMID- 7220877 TI - Percutaneous sclerotherapy of varicocele. AB - The results of selective phlebography of the spermatic vein are reported in 580 infertile men with abnormal sperm morphology and suspected varicoceles. Percutaneous transvenous retrograde sclerotherapy of the internal spermatic vein was performed in 260 of the patients. Follow-up phlebography in 109 patients 3 to 6 months after treatment revealed a persistent varicocele in only 3% of them. PMID- 7220876 TI - Occlusion of varicoceles wih detachable balloons. AB - Fifty-two varicoceles in 50 outpatients were treated by occlusion of the internal spermatic vein (ISV) using detachable balloons 1-2 mm in diameter. The primary reason for treatment was pain in 7 patients and subfertility in 43. All achieved satisfactory occlusion, and only one recurrence was noted in 8 months of follow up. Limited pre-occlusion venograms allowed precise balloon placement relative to collateral veins which could cause recurrence. This is a safe and effective nonsurgical method of obliterating varicoceles in outpatients. PMID- 7220878 TI - Spinal vacuum phenomena: anatomical study and review. AB - "Vacuum" phenomena relate to the accumulation of gas, principally nitrogen, in crevices within the intervertebral disk or vertebra. Their appearance does not uniformly indicate "degenerative" disk disease (primary intervertebral osteochondrosis), as gaseous collections may accompany other processes (vertebral osteomyelitis, Schmorl node formation, spondylosis deformans, vertebral collapse with osteonecrosis) affecting the disk and adjacent vertebral bodies. The location and appearance of the "vacuum" phenomena are helpful indicators as to the precise nature of the spinal disorder. PMID- 7220879 TI - Pathogenesis of the neurotrophic joint: neurotraumatic vs. neurovascular. AB - The most widely accepted and propagated theory of neurotrophic joint pathogenesis is the neurotraumatic one. Seldom published and little known is the neurovascular theory. To gain better understanding of the pathogenesis, we reviewed radiographs of 91 neurotrophic joints with attention to the particular joint affected, the type of changes present (resorptive vs. productive), and the time sequence involved. The pathological findings, when available, were also reviewed. While many joint changes could not be explained on a traumatic basis alone, all could be explained by a vascular mechanism. PMID- 7220881 TI - Correlation between visualization and size of the areae gastricae and duodenal ulcer. AB - The relationship between the antral mucosal appearance and the incidence of duodenal ulcer was examined by review of 250 double-contrast barium-meal studies. When the mucosal pattern was seen, the areae gastricae were larger in patients with duodenal ulcer. Failure to see the mucosal pattern occurred more frequently in patients without ulcer. PMID- 7220880 TI - Angiography in primary myomas of the alimentary tract. AB - Fifteen cases of smooth muscle tumor of the alimentary tract were collected for analysis from several institutions. The findings showed that angiography is the best method available for diagnosis and evaluation of such tumors but is unable to differentiate benign from malignant lesions unless arterial invasion is detected. Computer tomography, ultrasound, and angiography are compared in the diagnosis of one case. Additionally, the angiographic pattern of a leiomyoblastoma is presented, presumably for the first time. PMID- 7220882 TI - Nonsuppurative gas formation in the spleen after transcatheter splenic infarction. PMID- 7220883 TI - Pulmonary edema in infants following injection of contrast media for urography. PMID- 7220884 TI - The right heart border in infancy. AB - Computed tomographic scans of the lower thorax were obtained of ten infants whose plain chest radiographs showed poorly defined right heart borders. Satisfactory studies in eight of these children showed the explanation of the silhouette sign. Pulmonary or pleural disease was seen in seven of the eight. In one, the thymus obscured the heart border. A poorly defined right heart border in children in the first year of life is often abnormal. PMID- 7220885 TI - Protocol for delayed contrast enhancement in computed tomography of cerebral neoplasia. AB - One hundred cranial computed tomograms of adults with known or suspected intracranial neoplasm were analyzed retrospectively. Rapid high-dose intravenous contrast infusion (84.6 g l) was followed by immediate and 1 1/2-hour delayed scans. Delayed images afforded more information than the initial series in 67% of cases. 11.5% false-negative examinations (i.e., no tumor reported) would have resulted if studies were terminated after the immediate post-infusion scans. No patient experienced clinically detectable renal compromise. PMID- 7220886 TI - Complete myelographic evaluation of spinal metastases from medulloblastoma. AB - Twenty-six patients with medulloblastoma had complete myelography and spinal fluid cytology and tests for polyamine levels in the evaluation for spinal metastases. The nature and location of abnormalities are presented in this report. Metrizamide was demonstrated to be safe and effective for complete myelography in children. The usefulness of myelography in detecting spinal metastases at the time of initial diagnosis (11%) and at the time of first intracranial recurrence (33%) is discussed. PMID- 7220888 TI - Computed tomography of abdominal fatty masses. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) scans of 34 cases of abdominal fatty masses were reviewed retrospectively in order to establish criteria for distinguishing benign conditions from malignant tumors. By evaluating location, attenuation, internal consistency, and margination, it is possible not only to make this distinction but frequently to suggest a specific diagnosis. Abdominal fatty masses that are sharply marginated, homogeneous, and that show CT numbers less than or equal to the patient's normal fat can be considered benign. Malignancy should be suspected when an extrarenal abdominal fatty mass displays one or more of the following characteristics: inhomogeneity, infiltration or poor margination, CT numbers greater than the patient's normal fat, or contrast enhancement. Criteria for distinguishing between angiomyolipoma and liposarcoma are also discussed. PMID- 7220887 TI - Contrast enhancement in the postoperative brain. AB - Contrast enhancement simulating an abscess or residual tumor has been described in postoperative cranial computed tomography (CT) scans. This study was undertaken to determine the cause of this contrast enhancement by using canine brain as an experimental model. Sequential CT scanning was performed with and without contrast enhancement following partial resection of the right hemisphere, and the CT findings were correlated with the histological changes. Findings indicate that enhancement of the surgical margin is related both temporally and spatially to the neovascularity following surgery. The ring-like enhancement around the surgical margin is seen best at two to four weeks after surgery, and may simulate an abscess. However, edema seen around an abscess in adjacent brain is absent or minimal in the case of postoperative enhancement during this period, and this feature should help differentiate these entities. PMID- 7220890 TI - Angiomyolipoma: ultrasonic-pathologic correlation. AB - Previous reports of angiomyolipoma have emphasized the ultrasonic finding of a very echogenic intrarenal mass. Ten cases of angiomyolipoma for which ultrasound examinations were available were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with their pathologic findings, and, when available, with computed tomographic findings to determine if other sonographic patterns could be recognized. In addition to the typical echodense pattern (six cases), a mixed pattern (two cases) and a low sonodense pattern (two cases) were discovered. To determine if the typical echodense pattern is specific for angiomyolipoma, 42 cases of renal cell carcinoma for which ultrasound examinations were available were also retrospectively reviewed. In two cases of renal cell carcinoma echodense patterns that were indistinguishable from those of angiomyolipoma were found. Two conclusions are reached: (a) there is a spectrum of ultrasonic findings with angiomyolipoma, and (b) the presence of an echodense intrarenal mass, although very suggestive of angiomyolipoma, is not pathognomonic. PMID- 7220889 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of sacroiliac arthritis. AB - Computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of the sacroiliac joints was compared with conventional radiography in a double-blind study. CT did not increase the probability of detecting sacroiliitis. Because only a few patients were evaluated near the onset of their disease, the sensitivity of CT as compared with that of routine radiography in detecting early morphological changes remains undetermined. An inexperienced observer may find it easier to evaluate CT scans than conventional radiographs of the sacroiliac joint; however, with optimal images, an experienced radiologist does not need CT to evaluate the sacroiliac joint in clinical practice. PMID- 7220891 TI - Ultrasound examination of the hydatic liver. AB - Hydatic cysts of the liver were detected by ultrasound in 121 cases; all cases were confirmed surgically. Scans were classified based on sonographic analysis of the morphology and structure of the cyst. Five categories were found, which are thought to correspond to evolutionary stages of the hydatic cyst. PMID- 7220892 TI - Radiation tolerance of the cervical spinal cord. AB - A total of 109 patients were studied after receiving radiation therapy that included a dose to the spinal cord. In addition to irradiation of the primary site, 59 patients received radiation to the lower neck. Transverse myelopathy developed in three patients; all three had been treated with fields to the lower neck. The dose to the spinal cord at the site of junctional fields was thought to be considerably higher because of the beam divergence from multiple fields employed. The authors stress that prolonged fractionation of treatment, fixation of the head during treatment, precise dosimetry, and close surveillance of the patient are important factors in avoiding radiation myelitis. The authors also stress the importance of controlling divergence of multiple beams by employing appropriate shields. PMID- 7220893 TI - The response of rat hind limbs to X irradiation: a possible role for protein synthesis. PMID- 7220894 TI - Iodipamide-enhanced computed tomography of the pancreas. PMID- 7220896 TI - Thin needle-guided arterial puncture in angiography. PMID- 7220897 TI - The rectosigmoid index. AB - Case material was reviewed to determine the value of the rectosigmoid index in the diagnosis of both segmental and total-colon aganglionosis in infants less than one month old. Data indicate that a rectosigmoid index higher than 0.9 may rule out a diagnosis of rectosigmoid aganglionosis but may be a misleading indicator of longer segment or total-colon aganglionosis. PMID- 7220895 TI - Continuous image recording using gray-tone, dry-process silver paper. AB - A method of recording continuous gray-tone images on dry-process silver paper from raster-scan video signals is described. The Tektronix 4634 image-forming module uses a fiber-optic faceplate cathode-ray tube to couple the light output onto the recording paper. The latent image is heat developed and presented in sheet form. An initial comparison between dry silver paper and conventional film for video-generated computed tomography and nuclear medicine examinations, shows little apparent difference in image quality. Considerable cost savings are possible when using dry silver paper. Additional cost savings are possible if multiple images can be recorded on each dry silver sheet. PMID- 7220898 TI - Nonglare multiformat camera imaging. PMID- 7220899 TI - A low-cost computed tomographic scanner. AB - The authors describe a film-recorded computed tomographic (CT) scanner that uses optical processing methods for reconstruction of a sectional image. Results are comparable to commercial CT methods using the same patient dose. Consequently, clinically satisfactory CT imaging can be performed at a substantially reduced cost. PMID- 7220900 TI - Computers in radiology. A question of compatibility. AB - Given the increasing diversification of computers in most areas of radiology, the ability to solve problems resulting from incompatibility between systems is becoming essential. Manufacturers should supply hardware and software documentation to allow connections between different systems and give the radiology department of the future the capability to operate a network of computers. PMID- 7220901 TI - Pulmonary edema in infants who receive contrast material. AB - Radiologists should exercise care in the selection of a method for screening infants. Since pulmonary edema can occur in infants who receive typical doses of contrast materials for urograms, alternate methods of screening should be considered. When urograms are obtained, radiologists should observe guideline specific to pediatric urography. PMID- 7220903 TI - The present status of the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7220902 TI - Pulmonary edema in infants who receive contrast material for urograms. PMID- 7220904 TI - Evidence for the cerebral origin of the R-wave in the pig. PMID- 7220905 TI - Arousal-related sustained potentials in neocortex and hippocampus of rats. PMID- 7220906 TI - Multiple positive ERP components in visual discrimination tasks. PMID- 7220907 TI - A software lens for image reconstitution of the EEG. PMID- 7220908 TI - Methods for the localization of electrical sources in the human brain. PMID- 7220909 TI - Slow potentials in the human subthalamus associated with rapid arm movements. PMID- 7220910 TI - Programming of initiation and execution of ballistic arm movements in the monkey. PMID- 7220911 TI - The component structure of the human event-related potentials. PMID- 7220912 TI - Comparison of Bereitschaftspotential, pre-motion positivity and motor potential preceding voluntary flexion and extension movements in man. PMID- 7220913 TI - Cerebral potentials related to the smallest human finger movement. PMID- 7220914 TI - Slow potentials related to initiation and inhibition of proprioceptively guided movements. PMID- 7220915 TI - Cerebral potentials prior to various force deployments. PMID- 7220916 TI - The impact of different levels of muscular force on the contingent negative variation (CNV). PMID- 7220918 TI - Influence of the Bereitschaftspotential upon the contingent negative variation in relation of the interval between them. PMID- 7220919 TI - Motor preparation at a cortical and at a peripheral level. PMID- 7220917 TI - Differential topography of human eye movement potentials preceding visually triggered and self-initiated saccades. PMID- 7220921 TI - Changes in central EEG activity in relation to voluntary movement. I. Normal subjects. PMID- 7220920 TI - Changes of alpha activity during preparation for a motor action. PMID- 7220922 TI - What is wrong with legs in motor preparation? PMID- 7220923 TI - Scalp topography of movement-related cortical potentials. PMID- 7220924 TI - Sensory processing in the brain and evoked potentials. PMID- 7220925 TI - Some sensory and cognitive aspects of ERP's: a review. PMID- 7220926 TI - Topographic analysis of auditory event-related potentials. PMID- 7220927 TI - Binocularly evoked potentials: slow, late components to random-dot stereograms and correlograms (dynamic Julesz patterns). PMID- 7220928 TI - Checkerboard-evoked potentials: topography and latency for onset, offset, and reversal. PMID- 7220929 TI - Effects of stimulus intensity on P300. PMID- 7220930 TI - Electrogenesis of cortical DC potentials. PMID- 7220931 TI - Modality (visual and tactile) and stimulus predictability influence contingent negative variation and reaction time. PMID- 7220932 TI - The CNV during cognitive learning and extinction. PMID- 7220933 TI - Event-related potentials during a problem-solving task. PMID- 7220934 TI - Split-second recovery of the P3 component in multiple decision tasks. PMID- 7220935 TI - Habituation and rate decrements in the auditory vertex potential during selective listening. PMID- 7220936 TI - Magnitude of stimulus deviance and brain potentials. PMID- 7220937 TI - Brain potential correlates of voluntary and involuntary attention. PMID- 7220938 TI - Event-related slow potentials during a reflex movement (ankle jerk) conditioning in wakefulness and NREM sleep. PMID- 7220939 TI - Detection-related slow potentials and time of day. PMID- 7220940 TI - The effect of background slow potential shifts on event-related potentials. PMID- 7220941 TI - Participating neurones and mechanisms underlying theta activity in unanaesthetized rabbits. PMID- 7220942 TI - Neurobehavioral aspects of brain slow potentials. PMID- 7220944 TI - The dynamics of P300 during dual-task performance. PMID- 7220943 TI - Feedback evoked potentials during an auditory concept formation task. PMID- 7220948 TI - The relation between cortical and autonomic functions and personality in a psychiatric population. PMID- 7220945 TI - The relationship between autonomic variables and P300 in a habituation paradigm. PMID- 7220950 TI - Event-related potentials in altered states of consciousness. PMID- 7220947 TI - Slow cortical potentials and response speed. PMID- 7220951 TI - CNV and hypnotic regression. PMID- 7220952 TI - The brain stem auditory evoked response as a tool in neuro-behavioral toxicology and medicine. PMID- 7220953 TI - Variations in visual evoked potentials under anesthesia. PMID- 7220954 TI - Event-related potentials and their diagnostic usefulness. PMID- 7220949 TI - CNV characteristics throughout the normal menstrual cycle. PMID- 7220946 TI - Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in normal subjects and patients with frontal lobe lesions. PMID- 7220955 TI - The averaged movement potential in stroke hemiplegia: comparison of intact and pathological hemispheres. PMID- 7220956 TI - Changes in central EEG activity in relation to voluntary movement. II. Hemiplegic patients. PMID- 7220957 TI - Fourier analysis of acoustic evoked potentials in healthy, aphasic and right hemisphere damaged subjects. PMID- 7220958 TI - Cerebral evoked responses in dyslexic children. PMID- 7220960 TI - On the neural origin of P300 in man. PMID- 7220959 TI - Event-related potentials as indicants of structural and functional damage in closed head injury. PMID- 7220962 TI - P300 and reaction time in schizophrenics and controls. PMID- 7220961 TI - Cortical evoked potentials and auditory decision times of diabetics. PMID- 7220963 TI - Clinical application of sustained auditory evoked potentials. PMID- 7220964 TI - Intercorrelation of CNV variables. PMID- 7220965 TI - An international pilot study of CNV in mental illness. PMID- 7220966 TI - Developmental changes in ERP preceding movement are not affected by temporal aspects of the response. PMID- 7220967 TI - Aging effects in simple RT and voluntary movement paradigms. PMID- 7220968 TI - Correct and incorrect responses in a choice reaction time task and the endogenous components of the evoked potential. PMID- 7220969 TI - CNV rebound and aging. I. Attention functions. PMID- 7220970 TI - CNV rebound and aging. II. Type A and B CNV shapes. PMID- 7220971 TI - Subdural recordings of the cortex motor potential. PMID- 7220972 TI - ERPs in young children during sensory conditioning. PMID- 7220973 TI - Pre- and postimperative negative variation (CNV and PINV) under different conditions of controllability in depressed patients and healthy controls. PMID- 7220974 TI - Brain mechanisms of intention and attention with introductory remarks on other volitional processes. PMID- 7220975 TI - Memory, learning and event-related potentials. PMID- 7220976 TI - Changes of vertex-CNV and parieto-occipital alpha activity under closed- and open eye conditions. PMID- 7220977 TI - The incentive value of stimuli and the P300 component of cerebral evoked potentials. PMID- 7220978 TI - The progressive development of cat's CNV components with learning. PMID- 7220979 TI - Changes in components of the event-related potential (ERP) during visual recognition: effects of stimulus degradation and stimulus familiarity. PMID- 7220980 TI - An event-related potential analysis of coding processes in human memory. PMID- 7220981 TI - Cortical and subcortical potentials during goal-directed and serial goal-directed movements in humans. PMID- 7220982 TI - On the utility of P3 latency and RT for studying cognitive processes. PMID- 7220983 TI - CNV during memory retrieval by normal and retarded adults. PMID- 7220986 TI - The role of language for conscious experience: observations from split-brain man. PMID- 7220984 TI - CNV and functional state changes during long-lasting and repetitive recording sessions. PMID- 7220985 TI - P300 in serial tasks: an essential post-decision closure mechanism. PMID- 7220987 TI - Event-related potentials and psychological theory. PMID- 7220988 TI - Event-related potentials accompanying voluntary movement in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7220989 TI - Psychosurgery outcome and CNV asymmetry. PMID- 7220990 TI - The relation of P300 latency to reaction time as a function of expectancy. PMID- 7220991 TI - P300 amplitude and probabilistic judgments. PMID- 7220993 TI - Hemispheric involvement during a bimanual RT task: P300 and motor potential. PMID- 7220994 TI - The Bereitschaftspotential in left- and right-handed subjects. PMID- 7220992 TI - The temporal development of early and late CNV in a simple discrimination paradigm: the effects of motor preparation and average reaction time. PMID- 7220998 TI - The form and distribution of auditory evoked potentials and CNVs when stimuli and responses are lateralized. PMID- 7220999 TI - Intracortical sources and surface topography of the motor potential and somatosensory evoked potential in the monkey. PMID- 7220997 TI - Evoked potential asymmetries related to handedness and side of stimulation. PMID- 7220995 TI - Cerebral potentials preceding right and left unilateral and bilateral finger movements in sinistrals. PMID- 7220996 TI - Two components of slow negative potential shifts during smooth goal-directed hand movements. PMID- 7221000 TI - Task-related hemispheric asymmetry of contingent negative variation. PMID- 7221001 TI - The search for scalp-recordable speech potentials. PMID- 7221002 TI - The Bereitschaftspotential preceding the act of speaking. Also an analysis of artifacts. PMID- 7221003 TI - Contribution of neuron dendrites to extracellular sustained potential shifts. PMID- 7221005 TI - Zinc- and copper-replacement therapy--a must in burns and scalds in children? AB - The author describes experiences gained in the zinc and copper serum concentration estimations in burned children. Without added substitution therapy the serum zinc concentration rises by 19.9% and the serum copper concentration by 5.8% in the course of time. If only zinc is substituted the values rises by 83.6% for zinc, but the value for copper decreases by 18.8%. If the serum zinc and copper concentration is low on admission and if both added zinc and copper are given, the concentration for zinc rises by 102.5%, but the concentration of copper only rises by 25% and does not reach normal values. Serum zinc and copper concentration drops to its maximal extent 48 hours after the accident. The time of hospitalisation calculated per percentage of burned body surface decreases slightly if substitution therapy is given, although the average serum zinc and copper values do not even reach normal levels. The rate of infection and the type of infection are not markedly different whether no substitution, only zinc and copper serum concentration to the area of the burned body surface, the normal value, the dosages used in substitution therapy and the side effects of the therapy are discussed. Routine therapy is probably not justified because of the normal changes of the serum concentration, because side effects are not completely understood and because of the antagonism between zinc and copper known from veterinary medicine. If more than 20% of the total body surface has been burned zinc and copper deficiency is probable. The dosage referred to in the literature are too high and much lower dosages (10--30 mg of zinc sulphate per day and 0.08 mg/kg of copper sulphate per day) are advised. These amounts should be sufficient if given in addition to a diet, which should be administered as early as possible after the accident. PMID- 7221004 TI - Escharotomy with special reference to a planned approach to escharotomy in burned hands in children. PMID- 7221006 TI - Inhalation injury to the respiratory tract of children. AB - Children with a history of exposure to smoke in a confined space or showing soot or burns, however minimal, on the face should be admitted to hospital. Respiratory distress may be delayed, but if it is progressive the patient should be curarized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. Ventilation should be continued for a minimum of 48 hours, followed by 24 hours of spontaneous respiration against a positive airway pressure. It treatment is stopped sooner, a recurrence of stridor and pulmonary oedema is likely. It is mandatory to pass an endotracheal tube small enough to allow a leak between it and the oedematous mucosa, in order that laryngeal damage and subsequent subglottic stenosis may be avoided. It is important tu use high humidity of inspired gases to keep secretions fluid and the endotracheal tube patent. Dexamethasone should be given to minimise cerebral oedema and antibiotics to reduce the incidence of chest infections. PMID- 7221007 TI - An experimental evaluation of the germicidal efficacy of three topical antimicrobial agents in burns. AB - The bacteriocidal effect of three substances is discussed: 10% povidone iodine ointment (Betadine, betaisodona), 11,2% mafenide acetate (Naplatan) and silver sulphadiazine (Flamazine, Silvadene, Silvertone). A modified Walker burn model using male Long-Evans rats was studied. The infections were produced with a solution of 3 times 10(8) Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyocin type H. organisms. The authors described the pharmacological properties of the three substances and report the following results. All three substances are able to penetrate third degree burns. It takes 4 hours for povidone iodone, 12 for mafenide acetate and 24 for silver sulphadiazine to penetrate the burn. Mafenide acetate and silver sulphadiazine were the most useful agents after 12 and 24 hours respectively. When the substances were applied for a second time 24 hours after the first application only mafenide acetate was highly effective. The effectiveness of povidone iodine and silver sulphadiazine decreased by half when compared with the first application. For practical purposes the following recommendations are made: For deep burns povidone iodine should be applied every 4--6 hours, mafenide acetate every 12--18 hours and silver sulphadiazine once every 24 hours in order to ensure an antibacterial effect. PMID- 7221008 TI - Care and needs in a children's burns unit. AB - The burned child requires an overall care that recognises the child not as a small adult, but as a person in his own right with special physiological and psychological needs. Proper management requires a team approach with each member having a recognised role, but all working with one aim in view -- the earliest return of the child to his home and school environment with well healed burns and an acceptance of his injury with as little psychological disturbance as possible. Each child must be recognized individually and care adjusted according to the child's age and background and in relationship with any associated specific psychological disturbance. Special fears, including death and apprehension as to treatment, pain and disfigurement, require understanding and sympathetic support. A child should not be isolated from other children or his family unless absolutely necessary. An early decision has to be made as to whether the seriously burned child should be resuscitated, and children presenting with burns may be at risk from maltreatment and need protection and supervision of their growth and development. Parent need to be fully informed of their child's injury and treatment, have easy access to staff with open visiting, and be able to attend therapy discussion groups. Provision of manuals and booklets from parents and children on burns and their treatment can relieve anxiety and secure a confident attitude to the total management of the burned child. Rehabilitation involves both the child and the family and requires careful management and, in the severely burned, a gradual reintroduction to normal home and school life. PMID- 7221009 TI - Cervical teratoma in children. AB - Two cases of cervical teratoma in newborn infants are reported. One had neural tissue in cervical lymph nodes, posing the question of malignancy. Only two similar cases have been previously reported. One hundred forty-nine cases of cervical teratoma and two patients of our own have been reviewed with regard to age, sex, clinical manifestation, pathology, management, and prognosis. Early excision is emphasized. The available evidence indicates that cervical teratomas, at least in the newborn period, are virtually always benign. Further studies, including long-term observation of children and a complete consideration of the histology of the neoplasms, are needed to clarify the problem of whether malignancy ever occur in cervical teratomas of children. A conservative surgical management of these neoplasms is recommended. PMID- 7221010 TI - Influence of the antimicrotubule agent, mebendazole, on the secretory activity of intestinal cells of Ascaridia galli. PMID- 7221011 TI - Prostaglandins for the management of anencephalic pregnancy. AB - In 17 women carrying an anencephalic fetus (3 or them dead) an attempt was made to terminate the pregnancy with either intravaginal suppositories containing 20 mg prostaglandin E2 each or serial intramuscular injections of 250 microgram of 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha. The duration of pregnancy ranged from 18 to 39 weeks (mean: 28.5 weeks). Fifteen women expelled the complete uterine contents after a period ranging from 4:15 to 39:10 h:min (mean: 15:11 h:min) following the initiation of treatment. There were two failures, and in both of these cases labor started spontaneously after cessation of the prostaglandin treatment. No serious complications occurred. The PG treatment induced no changes in routine laboratory values and significant alterations in the mother's vital signs were uncommon. Even though intravaginal prostaglandin E2 and intramuscular 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha often produced gastro-intestinal side effects, there can be no doubt as to the unique utility of these compounds for the management of anencephalic pregnancies, whatever the duration of gestation and vital status of the fetus. PMID- 7221012 TI - Studies on prostaglandin F2 alpha formation caused by pentametylenetetrazol induced convulsions in rat brain. AB - Prostaglandin F2 alpha formation caused by pentametylenetetrazol convulsions was studied as a function of the duration, the doses of the convulsant and the intensity of the seizures. It was shown by the statistical analysis of the results in the case of clonic convulsions that the amount of synthetized PGF2 alpha did not depend on the doses of convulsant, while close relation existed between the duration and the PGF2 alpha production. At the same time, during tonic convulsions lasting longer than 50 sec, no more increase in the PGF2 alpha content of the brain was observed. An experimental model is suggested to study in vivo the mechanisms regulating the brain's prostaglandin biosynthesis. Pretreatment of the animals with reserpine did not affect the rate of convulsion induced PGF2 alpha-formation. PMID- 7221013 TI - Mechanism of action of an orally active PGE1-analogue in pregnant guinea-pigs. AB - At the 43rd day of pregnancy 6 Experimental guinea-pigs were treated orally with the PGE1-analogue, CP 48,630 (Pfizer), while 6 animals served as vehicle Controls. An average dose of 1.5 mg CP 48,630 compromized the conceptus and provoked abortion in 6.6 +/- 1.4 hours in all 6 Experimental guinea-pigs. The vehicle Controls, with all pregnancies continuing intact, had high P-levels in peripheral and uterine vein plasma, ovaries, placenta and uterine tissue and low PGF-levels in the uterine vein plasma. In contrast, in the Experimental animals the P-levels were significantly reduced and the PGF-levels elevated. Thus, the "PG-Impact" rapidly tipped the regulatory balance of pregnancy, compromized the conceptus (all fetuses were dead and the placentae discolored), and provoked the evolution of uterine activity culminating in abortion. PMID- 7221014 TI - [Early childhood experiences and psychopathology in adults]. PMID- 7221015 TI - [The birth of the psychotherapeutic dialogue. From the autistic prologue and monologue to the interpersonal dialogue and pluralogue]. PMID- 7221016 TI - [Psychopathology and psychoanalytic therapy of several borderline patients]. PMID- 7221017 TI - [Patients from a cultural poverty milieu]. PMID- 7221018 TI - [Study on focusing chromatographic simultaneous determinations of 226Ra and its daughter nuclides by means of solid state alpha-tracks detection and beta autoradiography (author's transl)]. AB - In order to detect to radioactive band on the paper strip developed by focusing chromatography, plate-making-film was used for the autoradiography and beta-spots were photographed. Thereafter the film was etched with sodium hydroxide solution to find the alpha-tracks. Paper strip used for the sample was prepared by the precipitation focusing chromatography of 226Ra and its daughter nuclides using HCl-KF solution as a developer. The film used was not high in its beta sensitivity, but because of its high resolution good photographic results were obtained according to the intensity of beta-activity when the proper conditions of photographic development were fulfilled. The simple alpha-spectrometry was made possible by counting the numbers of tracks according to the etching depth of the film. The film was hard and thick enough for etching with 6M sodium hydroxide solution at 50 degrees C for more than 50 hrs to measure the depth of tracks. PMID- 7221019 TI - [Concentration measurement of 85Kr dissolved in the solution with GM counter (author's transl)]. AB - When 85Kr gas is used as an internal radiation source for chemical reactions in liquid phase, it is necessary to check after irradiation whether the radioactive concentration of 85Kr dissolved in the solution is below permissible level or not. Measurements were made on solutions ranging in concentration from 1 X 10(-3) approximately 1 X 10(0)kBq/g (1 X10(-4) to 1 X 10(-1) microCi/g) by the use of an end-window GM counter for beta-rays. In the present paper, the method of making up the calibration curve for 85Kr solution is studied, together with some problems in measurement. The calibration curve for 85Kr solution was represented as N = 1.8 X 10(5) C. In addition, the method for measuring concentration of dissolved 85Kr was established by resolving problems relating to the volatilization of 85Kr in measurement. PMID- 7221020 TI - Development of 132 Ir sources for brachytherapy. AB - Techniques for the production of three kinds of 192Ir sources, i.e. hairpin, single-pin and seed, for brachytherapy were developed in Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. Platinumiridium, alloy wire sheathed with platinum tube in advance were irradiated by the JRR-2 or JRR-3 reactor. The platinum tube cuts off beta-rays so as to minimize unnecessary radiation exposure to patients. Irradiation conditions were determined to obtain the radioactivity of 0.74 GBq (20 mCi) for a hairpin, 0.37 GBq (10 mCi) for a single-pin and 0.37 X 10(-1) GBq (1 mCi) for a seed, respectively, at the end of irradiation. Fluctuation in the linear distribution of the radioactivity along the hairpin source or the single pin source was small enough on the viewpoint of its application. No significant impurity or surface contamination was observed in the source produced with pre encapsulation. Seed targets were loaded in a polyethylene tube so as to be suitable for the new treatment technique of tumor. Irradiation of seed targets, packed alternately with nylon spacers in a polyethylene tube, was found to be satisfactory for preparing ribbon sources. PMID- 7221021 TI - [Evaluation of stat assay of serum digoxin concentration by radioimmunoassay and its application for digoxin regimen based in pharmacokinetics (author's transl)]. AB - Serum digoxin concentration measured by stat RIA (phadebas digoxin RIA kit) correlated well with results obtained by complete assays. The results of stat assay can be reported within 1 hour, measuring one or more samples together with 2 standard samples in duplicates. Precise measurement can be expected with serum digoxin concentration over 0.5 ng/ml. The stat assay allows to apply the theory of pharmacokinetics for the estimation of digoxin concentration at steady states measuring minimum digoxin concentration (Cn(min)) on the 3rd to 6th day after the start of digoxin therapy. The estimated serum digoxin levels were well agreed with measured values with the difference ranging from 1.6 to 8.6% in CV. The method is useful for the planning and assessment of appropriate digoxin regimen. PMID- 7221022 TI - [Thickness measurements of evaporated films by beta-ray backscattering]. PMID- 7221023 TI - 14C-labelling of a hypocholesterolemic agents, N-(alpha-methylbenzyl) linoleamide. PMID- 7221024 TI - [Evaluation of anti HA-RIA Kit (HAVAB) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221025 TI - [Radiation protection regulations in various countries (III) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221026 TI - [Computerized tomography in detection of hepatic abscesses (author's transl)]. AB - A series of 24 patients affected by hepatic abscess have been examined by means of CT. The localization observed was: 12 intrahepatic abscesses, 5 subdiaphragmatic, 7 subhepatic and 1 both intrahepatic and subdiaphragmatic. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are described, beside considerations on the examination technique. PMID- 7221027 TI - [Three-dimensional study of normal adrenal glands by a fast CT scanner (author's transl)]. AB - The results of an anatomic study of the normal adrenal in the three spatial dimensions by computed tomography are presented. The use of a fast scanner let us to obtain good quality images on the axial plane and to visualize adrenals in 95% on the right and 99.2% on the left; moreover, the electronical reconstruction let us complete the anatomic study of adrenals on the coronal and sagittal planes. PMID- 7221028 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of neoplastic breast calcifications after radio- and chemo therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The morphological aspects of calcifications in inoperable breast cancers were investigated through repeated mammographic examinations before and after radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Aim of the study was to find out the modifications induced by therapy. Different radiological patterns observed during treatment and follow up are described in details. Some findings concerning calcifications, such as modifications of number, distribution, size and shape or new evidence of micro- and macro-deposits are analyzed and discussed. A correlation between radiological findings and clinical response to radio- and chemo-therapy is attempted, but wider experience and information are needed. PMID- 7221029 TI - [A new rare earth intensifying screen: lanthanum oxybromide (Quanta III - Dupont): relative speed, resolution and image quality (author's transl)]. AB - Some physical and diagnostic characteristics of a new rare earth screen (lanthanum oxybromide: Quanta III) were evaluated and compared to those of conventional calcium tungstate (Hi-Plus-Dupont). The speed, resolution and clinical acceptance were analyzed using the same film (Cronex 4 - Dupont). This new system allows a significant X-ray exposure reduction with little or no loss of overall diagnostic performance. PMID- 7221031 TI - [Camurati-Engelmann disease: description of a case in a child]. PMID- 7221030 TI - [Post-operative radiotherapy of supraglottic carcinoma: technique with three fields of 60Co (author's transl)]. AB - Post-operative radiotherapy of supraglottic carcinoma, because of the high risk of lymph-nodal metastases, should include irradiation of the primary tumour as well as regional lymph-nodes (jugular chain, posterior cervical. supraclavicular, submental and submaxillary triangle nodes). Taking into account the anatomically complex region to be irradiated and the critical organs present within the areas involved, the authors present a treatment plan that provides the neck irradiation through three 60Co fields: Two posterior oblique and a posterior one with median lead block in correspondence to the spinal cord. The isodose curves (at jaw level, at the medium plane of the neck and at clavear level) show that the required dose distribution has been achieved by safeguarding of radiation tissue tolerance of medulla. The authors conclude that only the adoption of a "different" procedure, i.e. outwith of any reciprocal relation "portal-target", has permitted the overcoming of anatomo-clinical problems linked with the region to be irradiated. The authors believe that the adopted methodology, the only acceptable in case of irradiation of anatomically complex and articulate regions, can be also extended to simple cases where immediate and intuitive solution is not always the most appropriate, one. PMID- 7221032 TI - [Cleidocranial dysostosis: a clinicoradiologic study of 2 sisters]. PMID- 7221033 TI - [Transport mechanisms and localization of osteotropic tracers]. PMID- 7221035 TI - [Kinetics of radioactive osteotropic tracers in metabolic diseases of the skeleton]. PMID- 7221034 TI - [Nuclear medicine technics in the study of bone metabolic diseases]. PMID- 7221037 TI - [Nuclear medicine's contribution to the study of nonneoplastic skeletal pathology]. PMID- 7221036 TI - [Use of bone scintigraphy in non-neoplastic osteoarticular pathology]. PMID- 7221038 TI - [Transport mechanisms and radiogallium localization]. PMID- 7221039 TI - [Role of radiogallium in studying pulmonary pathology]. PMID- 7221040 TI - [Diagnostic contribution of radiogallium in studying the central nervous system]. PMID- 7221041 TI - [Bone mineral measurement: methodological observations and dosimetric values]. PMID- 7221042 TI - [Bone mineral content value (single americium 241 energy source) in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7221043 TI - [Scintigraphic study of solitary nonneoplastic cranial lacunae in childhood]. PMID- 7221044 TI - [Angiography in the evaluation of pancreatic carcinoma after the introduction of echotomography (author's transl)]. AB - The authors refer the results of angiography in 46 patients with proven pancreatic carcinoma. Based on the prospective report there were 40 correct diagnoses, giving an overall accuracy of 86.95%. The incidence of the angiographic features has been investigated; basing on these findings the possibility of a radical surgery was suggested. 24 of these patients have undergone echotomography. The authors compare the results of the two investigations, concluding that these are complementary in diagnosis and prediction of resectability (invasion of great vessels, secondary deposits to the liver). Echotomography allows to recognize a large number of small dimension carcinomas, suggesting its use in the screening of those patients with suspected pancreatic neoplasm. Angiography is still essential to perform radical surgery. PMID- 7221045 TI - [Fragmentation of pulmonary emboli (author's transl)]. AB - Preliminary results of attempts of pulmonary artery thrombi fragmentation after venous embolism are presented. Fragmentation is directly obtained by angiographic catheters (F 9 or 10). By this method we attempted to remove the block of some pulmonary branches, in order to obtain a perfusion of them and to improve fibrinolysis. This method is useful in patients who are not candidated for surgical embolectomy. PMID- 7221046 TI - [Therapeutic angiographic occlusion with a modified autologous clot. Case report]. AB - Therapeutic arterial embolization with autologous clot is readily applied in urology. The procedure is particularly effective in those cases where a temporary blockage of the artery is required, enough to cause a definitive haemostasis in noble parenchymas sensitive to ischaemia. However this method is not limited only to poor risk patients ("life-threatening"); it may be preferable to surgical operation, as in the case studied, of postraumatic, intraparenchymal arterovenous fistula. In their presentation, the authors also take into consideration several technical side-effects, helping towards correct execution. PMID- 7221047 TI - [The first stage of sarcoidosis: the actual diagnostic possibilities (author's transl)]. AB - A correct staging of sarcoidosis is of the uppermost importance in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. In the last few years new concepts have been stated: --radiological staging of sarcoidosis is particularly difficult --in no one phase the radiological pattern can be considered typical but sometimes it is highly suggestive for sarcoidosis --anatomical studies recently showed that sarcoid disease seems to begin with a non granulomatous interstitial pneumonia. Following this individual microscopic deposit may conglomerate to form the typical non caseating granulomas. In the lung the disease seems to procede from the interstitium to the lymphnodes. Usually, in the first stage, possible sarcoidosis is diagnosed by the radiologist, but a confident diagnosis needs a pathological confirmation. Transbronchial biopsy guided by fluoroscopy is the first diagnostic choice for obtaining confirmation of the disease and for determining the type and entity of parenchymal lesions. PMID- 7221048 TI - [Clinical dosimetry in radium 226 and iridium 192 interstitial therapy of oral tongue cancer (author's transl)]. AB - On 96 patients with carcinoma of the floating part of the tongue in the early stage treated by interstitial curietherapy alone have been effect both a comparison between the obtainable results with the 192Ir and with the 226Ra and a total valuation of some able factors (dose-rate, total dose, tumor volume) to influence the curietherapy after loading with 192Ir. PMID- 7221049 TI - [Myocardial scintigraphy with 201T1 chloride in infarct coronary pathology: personal experience]. PMID- 7221050 TI - [Myocardial 201T1 perfusion scintigraphy with the exercise test and/or with dipyridamole in the diagnosis of ischemic cardiopathies]. PMID- 7221051 TI - [Determination of gastrinemia by a RIA method in clinical practice]. PMID- 7221052 TI - [Scintigraphy of the lacrimal ducts in childhood]. PMID- 7221054 TI - [Importance of lymph node scintigraphy of the internal mammary chain using technetium-labelled microsulfur colloid]. PMID- 7221053 TI - [Evaluation of the reliability of 131I-19-iodocholesterol scintigraphic examination in the diagnosis of adrenal tumors]. PMID- 7221055 TI - [CEA level in peritoneal lavage fluid]. PMID- 7221056 TI - [Evaluation of a new rapid method for the RIA determination of CEA via gel filtration]. PMID- 7221057 TI - [CEA and protein determination in the acute phase in assessing the degree of malignancy of gastrointestinal tract tumors]. PMID- 7221059 TI - [Specific IgE in the lacrimal secretion: a comparative evaluation with serum levels]. PMID- 7221058 TI - [Usefulness of the radioimmunologic method in the clinical monitoring of high dosage methotrexate cancer therapy]. PMID- 7221060 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of the plasma parathormone level (iPTH) measured radioimmunologically using an anti-COOH-terminal antibody]. PMID- 7221061 TI - [Radiogallium scintigraphic study in diffuse interstitial pneumopathies]. PMID- 7221062 TI - [Our experience with radiogallium in neoplastic pathology]. PMID- 7221064 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the skull (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221063 TI - [Xeroradiography in nasal bones fractures (author's transl)]. AB - Traumatic lesions of nasal bones were investigated by xerography in 44 patients. "Negative", rather than "positive", method is preferred. Soft tissues can be accurately inspected too; these lesions can exactly evaluated and possible contraindications to surgical reduction of such fractures are easily detected. PMID- 7221065 TI - [Colpocystographic study of female genital prolapse and urinary stress incontinence (author's transl)]. AB - Colpocystography consists of a static and dynamic study of the opacified pelvic viscera (bladder, vagina, rectum) in lateral projection. This method is non traumatic and easy to perform. It is an useful diagnostic complement in the evaluation of bladder, uterine, rectal prolapse and urinary stress incontinence. PMID- 7221066 TI - [Left renal colic fistula; a case report]. PMID- 7221067 TI - [Use of glucagon in the reduction of intussusception; presentation of one case (author's transl)]. AB - Intramuscular glucagon was used in one patient with ileocolic intussusception when standard therapeutic barium enema reduction failed. Reduction was accomplished following administration of glucagon and a repeat barium enema. Use of the two methods together may improve the success rate of nonoperative reduction of intussusception. PMID- 7221068 TI - [Cholangioscintigraphy in diagnosing biliary atresia]. AB - The authors present five cases of suspected congenital biliary atresia. In four cases cholescintigraphy with 99Tcm-HIDA allowed a safe preoperative diagnosis, confirmed at operation. Therefore this procedure most be considered essential in the diagnosis of congenital jaundice and in the postoperative evaluation of hepatic-porto-enterostomy function. PMID- 7221069 TI - [Beam radiotherapy in treatment of thyroid carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - There is a particular variety of therapeutic resources for thyroid carcinoma (surgery, radioiodine treatment, external radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonotherapy) with some peculiar characters for each of these. Just for this fact the clinic indications and the value of each of these therapies aren't easy. The authors study a group of 156 patients with thyroid carcinoma, selected among the patients treated with beam radiotherapy at the Istituto del Radio "O. Alberti" of Civil Hospitals of Brescia from 1960 to 1977. The aim of this paper is to give an help to the definition of the value of external radiotherapy given to thyroid carcinoma and to their spreading in regional lymph nodes. The analysis of the clinical findings has allowed to state some factors which affect the prognosis of these tumors: pathology, age, hormono-dependence, radioiodine trapping. According to these factors, separately evaluated for each pathological variety of thyroid carcinoma, has been possible to state the rules for which we can advice the use of external radiotherapy in the treatment of these tumors. PMID- 7221070 TI - [Radiotherapy of inoperable endometrial adenocarcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - In this paper we analyze overall patients affected by inoperable adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, observed and treated with radiotherapy alone at the Milan Cancer Institute from January 1959 to December 1973. A total of 82 cases were collected for this study. Only the Stage IV cases have been excluded, as well as those treated for relapse. Inoperability were derived from various medical contra indications in 70 patients (F85.4%) and from extrauterine spreading of the tumor in 12 (14.6%). The results achieved by the radiotherapy alone are not to be disregarded. The overall 5-years survival was 38.8% for the total number treated and 40.6% for Stage I and II cases. The most useful irradiation technique for the treatment of the primary tumor proved to be the uterine packing with cobalt-60 radioactive pearls and a 5-years survival of 45.7% was observed in 41 Stage I patients treated in this way. The most disappointing results were registered in Stage III cases (28.6% of 5-years survival). This paper confirms the interest of radiotherapy for the treatment of inoperable endometrial adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7221072 TI - [New directive of the European Common Market on protection from ionizing radiations]. PMID- 7221071 TI - [Combined radiochemotherapeutic approach to bronchogenic carcinoma: criteria of applicability and limits]. AB - The knowledge of the natural history of pulmonary cancer had led to both an improvement of the techniques and methods of radiation treatment and the use of chemotherapy in association with radiation therapy. Such an association leads to graver and more frequent pulmonary reactions. The development of a particular discipline (the toxicology of radiation) could contribute to predict the incidence and the extent of reaction. A more precise combined approach to the treatment of pulmonary cancer would therefore be possible. PMID- 7221073 TI - [The role of enteroparasitosis as a cause of acute infantile diarrhea syndrome]. PMID- 7221074 TI - [Diagnostic problems in Reye's syndrome]. PMID- 7221075 TI - [Enterobius vermicularis infection and its relation to vulvovaginitis and urinary infections in girls]. PMID- 7221076 TI - [Blood groups systems of children participating in a longitudinal follow-up study: a strange serendipity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221077 TI - [Neonatal meningitis caused by beta hemolytic streptococci]. PMID- 7221078 TI - [Removal of a foreign body from the duodenum by fibroscope]. PMID- 7221079 TI - [Tyrosinemia]. PMID- 7221080 TI - [Maternal age and the care of their children under 1 year of age]. PMID- 7221083 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of prematurity]. PMID- 7221082 TI - [Breast feeding and weight gain in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 7221081 TI - [Comparison of weight-height growth in low-birth-weight children given natural or synthetic feeding during the 1st 6 months of life]. PMID- 7221084 TI - [Drug addiction in adolescence: psychosocial and preventive aspects]. PMID- 7221085 TI - [Hepatic sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7221086 TI - [Hereditary factors in breast cancer]. PMID- 7221087 TI - [Prevalence of known diabetes in the rural Spanish population in 1978]. PMID- 7221088 TI - [Dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Review of 17 cases]. PMID- 7221089 TI - [Hereditary in breast cancer]. PMID- 7221091 TI - [Pyogenic spondylitis. Diagnosis and treatment in 10 cases]. PMID- 7221090 TI - [Fever of unknown origin. Analysis of 51 cases]. PMID- 7221092 TI - [Epidemiology of bacteremia in intensive care units]. PMID- 7221093 TI - [Aneurysm of Valsalva's sinus perforating into the right ventricle, associated with interventricular communication]. PMID- 7221094 TI - [Hepatic sarcoidosis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7221095 TI - [Treatment with 1-alpha hydroxy vitamin D3 of bone disease in hemodialysis. Therapeutic results and complications]. PMID- 7221096 TI - [Personal experience in detecting the adrenal glands by computerized axial tomography]. PMID- 7221097 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in patients on hemodialysis]. PMID- 7221098 TI - [Intestinal absorption of vitamin B 12 in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7221099 TI - [Treatment with intravenous nalidixic acid in infections with gram negative microorganisms]. PMID- 7221100 TI - [Fibrinolysis in diabetes mellitus and its relation to retinopathy]. PMID- 7221101 TI - [Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7221102 TI - [Value of simultaneous coronariography and ventriculography in the diagnosis of Ebstein'a anomaly]. PMID- 7221103 TI - [Reiter's syndrome caused by Salmonella typhi. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7221104 TI - [Agenesis of the left pericardium]. PMID- 7221106 TI - [Benign tumors of the lung]. PMID- 7221105 TI - [Kidney hypertrophy-hyperfunction correlation in rapid onset infantile-juvenile diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7221107 TI - [Anticholinergics and levodopa in Parkinson's disease: an unnecessary combination in patients treated for the 1st time]. PMID- 7221108 TI - [Remission and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7221109 TI - [Serum lipids in patients with acromegaly]. PMID- 7221110 TI - [Acute myositis as the initial manifestation of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7221111 TI - [Consequences of late diagnosis of juvenile Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 7221112 TI - [Hypogammaglobulinemia, lymph node hyperplasia and generalized amyloidosis]. PMID- 7221113 TI - [Tuberous sclerosis and chronic renal insufficiency. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7221114 TI - [Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome caused by dexamethasome suppositories]. PMID- 7221115 TI - [Treatment of hyperthyroidism. I. Treatment with antithyroid drugs]. PMID- 7221116 TI - [Treatment of hyperthyroidism. II. Treatment with radioactive iodine]. PMID- 7221117 TI - [Pathology of the upper digestive tract in patients on maintenance dialysis. Results of 49 endoscopic studies]. PMID- 7221118 TI - [Lipid metabolism in Rotor's disease]. PMID- 7221119 TI - [Mahaux curves in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7221121 TI - [Diagnostic value of germ counts in the sputum]. PMID- 7221120 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects and clinical predisposing factors in diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7221122 TI - [Primary anorectal melanoma with duodenal metastases]. PMID- 7221123 TI - [Renal clear cell carcinoma recurring 24 years after nephrectomy]. PMID- 7221124 TI - [Dermatomyositis associated with stomach cancer. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7221126 TI - [Tobacco addiction of the young French male and his military service (author's transl)]. AB - 73% of the young males beginning their military service smoke. Chiefly cigarettes, but also pipes and cigars; 29% began smoking before 15 years of age and have increased their consumption since they started, especially those who quit school at fifteen. The military service now plays but a minimum role in inciting, smoking habits in young men (4%). The increase in consumption is frequent (59% of smokers), mostly due to the conditions of the individuals existence. Environmental initiation and the sale of tobacco at a reduced price are negligible motives. Reactions of the anti-smoking campaign were generally positive. One quarter of the smokers feel that they are now better informed. Two thirds have indicated that they would like to cut down on their tobacco consumption. Only a quarter of these have progressed from intention to action. Such diffusion of anti-tobacco information is useful in that it leads to reflection. But it is clearly during elementary and at the beginning of secondary school that anti-smoking campaigns have the greatest effect. PMID- 7221125 TI - [Prevalence of migraine in a working population group in the Aquitaine region. Methodology and results (author's transl)]. AB - To our knowledge, no study of prevalence of migraine has ever been carried out in France. Since this is a well defined disease with precise diagnosis and therapy, it was possible for us to carry out a survey on a large population. We therefore had to build an automatic process if migraine diagnosis using simple computerized questionnaires. The results presented are these relative to a survey carried out on a working population group of about 3,000 persons. These were interviewed during the annual medical examination which workers in France have to undergo. The socio-economic consequences of migraine could thus be studied. PMID- 7221127 TI - [Viral hepatitis: incidence and epidemiologic pattern in an urban area (author's transl)]. AB - In order to describe the incidence and the epidemiologic pattern of viral hepatitis (V.H.) in a French urban area, with a special attention to ambulatory cases, an epidemiological information system has been developed during one year. The physicians (sample), the medical laboratories and, at a lesser degree, the hospital care units, have taken part in this work. The incidence rate of ambulatory cares has been estimated 85 cases/10(5) persons (69/110), less than previously assumed. Non-B V.H. remains more frequent (52 cases/10(5) persons), but B.V.H. are rather close to them (33 cases/10(5) persons). Large differences exist between geographic areas, without evident rational. Higher incidence rates characterize children (especially 5-9 years) and migrant people (especially from North Africa): those facts are completely account by very high rates within the subgroup of migrant children (473 and 260 cases/10(5) persons). The reported patterns allows us to point on this high risk characteristic of migrant's children and to assume an important modification in the pattern of local inhabitants V.H. in the region. These trends have to be followed by further studies. PMID- 7221128 TI - [Study of Salmonellae in sewage of Chambery town: epidemiological relations and efficiency of water treatment plant (author's transl)]. AB - An investigation on salmonellae of Chambery sewage has been conducted during a whole year (from July 1977 to June 1978); 563 strains belonging to 36 serotypes have been isolated. Salmonellosis being seldom, one has to admit an important carriage by healthy animals and human beings. The inefficiency of water-treatment plant for these germs has been confirmed. PMID- 7221129 TI - [Two useful indicators for the alimentary surveys in Africa (author's transl)]. AB - The authors propose two useful indicators of the alimentary consumption of suburban families. The first one relates to the "daily alimentary budget per person" and they provide a form to get it and a method to question the results. The second one relates to a semi-quantitative estimation of the amount of animal proteins (meat, fish, egg) daily provided to the infants, as estimated with respect to two thresholds. They question their method for collecting the data and find it reliable. PMID- 7221130 TI - Hypothesis on the causes of the decline in dizygotic twinning rates. PMID- 7221131 TI - [Arterial pressure in various vessels during controlled hypotension]. PMID- 7221132 TI - [Evaluation of muscle relaxants in balanced anesthesia]. PMID- 7221133 TI - [Basal neuroleptanalgesia with topical anesthesia without tracheal intubation in laryngeal microsurgery]. PMID- 7221134 TI - [Extraction of foreign bodies from the esophagus]. PMID- 7221135 TI - [Regional intravenous anesthesia of the upper limb with mepivacaine]. PMID- 7221136 TI - [Changes in plasma pseudocholinesterase levels in citric acid-dextrose-preserved blood]. PMID- 7221137 TI - [Blood and plasma transfusion in the treatment of prolonged succinylcholine apnea]. PMID- 7221138 TI - [Anesthesia and "ophthalmoplegia plus"]. PMID- 7221139 TI - [Thrombogenesis and coagulolysis as affected by alfathesin]. PMID- 7221141 TI - [Symposium on "ventricular arrhythmias"]. PMID- 7221140 TI - [Symposium on ventricular arrhythmias. Introduction]. PMID- 7221142 TI - [Mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias]. PMID- 7221144 TI - [Electrophysiological studies in patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardias]. PMID- 7221143 TI - [Diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 7221145 TI - [Ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 7221146 TI - [Treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in the acute phase of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7221147 TI - [Treatment of refractory ventricular hyperkinetic arrhythmias by rate programmable pacemakers]. PMID- 7221148 TI - [Hemodynamic diagnosis of organic disease in the tricuspid valve]. PMID- 7221149 TI - [Comparison between the ejection fraction and the mean rate of normalized ejection in patients with ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7221150 TI - [Syndrome of agenesis or extreme hypoplasia of the pulmonary valve. Presentation of 18 cases]. PMID- 7221151 TI - [Congenital unilateral agenesis of the pulmonary artery. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 7221152 TI - [Vascular ring caused by an abnormal right subclavian artery and common carotid trunk]. PMID- 7221153 TI - [Experimental chemotherapy. II: Study of the cytomorphologic effects of radiation and antitumor chemotherapy on neoplastic tissue]. AB - The authors study the effects of MTX, 5-FU and cyclosphosphamide on cell morphology in several human genital neoplasms growing in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane, comparing them with the cell alterations observed in homologous tumors in cancer patients treated by radiation therapy. PMID- 7221154 TI - [Cancer of the vulva. Supplementary analysis of its incidence at our hospital (1973-1978)]. AB - The author studies the cases of carcinoma of the vulva seen in the Service of Gynecology of the "Ciudad Sanitaria 'Jose Antonio; de la Seguridad Social" in Zaragoza, analyzing their incidence, epidemiology, pathologic anatomy, symptomatology, topography, classification and therapy. The author shows his results. PMID- 7221155 TI - [Chemotherapeutic treatment of neoplastic disease. Results in 400 cases]. AB - The authors make a review of the general results obtained with the best protocols of cancer chemotherapy in 400 patients. They consider chemotherapy at the present time as a means of proven value producing a temporary clinical improvement and a longer survival, that cannot be contemplated as curative. Chemotherapy must always be associated to surgery and radiotherapy. PMID- 7221157 TI - [General remarks on cancer prevention]. PMID- 7221156 TI - [Plasma prolactin and cancer]. PMID- 7221159 TI - Absorption of 35S-thiamine in jejunum and its brain and liver content in chickens on different selenium level diets. AB - The effect of 0.3, 3 and 10 mg SeO2 added to chicken ration on in vitro absorption of 35S-thiamine and its content in brain and liver have been studied. Addition of SeO2 inhibits thiamine absorption in chicken jejunum. With an increase of SeO2 in the ration thiamine transport decreases. Higher doses of SeO2 (3 and 10 mg) inhibit intestine alkaline phosphatase activity. A dose of 10 mg lowers total thiamine content in brain and liver, whereas 3 mg retains it. PMID- 7221158 TI - [New experimental method for analysis of bronchopulmonary airway resistance to airflow (author's transl)]. AB - A modified method from Macklem and Mead, to determine experimentally the central airway resistances to flow (from the trachea to the 6th-8th bronchial branch division) in the dog is described. Performed in vivo and with intact thorax it affords greater physiological conditions, which permit fractionating the value of the total airway resistances in its central and peripheral components. The method was assayed in a pharmacological model of experimental asthma, and in specimens with reversible obstruction of a main pulmonary artery produced by a balloon, and after lobar and bilateral embolism with barium sulphate. The method is selective, reproducible and precise. Its performance is good in 70-80% of cases, and it is, therefore, highly interesting for pharmacological and physiological purposes in the in vivo study of the gross airways in the intact dog. PMID- 7221160 TI - [The effect of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine on the incorporation of 32P into brain phospholipids in rat and chicken (author's transl)]. AB - The incorporation of 32P to brain phospholipids has been studied, in chicken as well as in rat. Both animal species were at different stage of brain development, although degrees of psychomotive development were identical. It is observed that the effect of triiodothyronine is more pronounced when the degree of brain myelination is smaller. The radioactive precursor is frequently incorporated to choline and ethanolamine phospholipids, and this incorporation is higher in hyperthyroid animals with a low degree of myelination. The triiodothyronine activates, in both animal species, the salvage pathway of phospholipid biosynthesis. This activation takes place 36 h before hormone action in chicken, while in rat, the most significant differences occur 36 h after hormone action. PMID- 7221161 TI - [Isoenzymes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg) (author's transl)]. AB - Two forms (I and II) of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-Glucose-6-phosphate: NADP+ oxidoreductase E.C. 1.1.1.49) were isolated from mycelium of Aspergillus oryzae grown on glucose as sole carbon source, through ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by ion-exchange chromatograhy. The Km values for both G6P and NADP+ were very similar, but the Vmax was nearly twofold for form II. The two isoenzymes were inhibited by NADPH competitively with NADH+, and the Ki value was minimal for isoenzymatic form I. The ratio Ki/Km was 2.5 for isoenzyme I and 7.5 for isoenzyme II. The two isoenzymatic forms were inhibited by energetic metabolites (ATP, ADP and PEP), the greater effect was caused by ATP. PMID- 7221162 TI - Kinetics of IgM and IgG responses in neonatally thymectomized Swiss mice under persistent immunization with sheep red blood cells. AB - The kinetics of IgM and IgG responses (direct and indirect PCF) in the Swiss mice, neonatally thymectomized, injected three times a week with 5 X 10(8) sheep erythrocytes at the age of two months, were exactly the same as the controls from the same litters. The thymectomized animals showed a statistically significant decrease in both responses (18.6 and 30.2%, respectively). The kinetics of the switch from IgM to IgG and of the latter response inhibition, is the same in both the control and the thymectomized animals. PMID- 7221163 TI - Effect of phosphoenolpyruvate on liver mitochondrial calcium retention from fed and fasted rats. AB - Rat liver mitochondria from fed and 4-day-fasted rats are able to accumulate calcium supported by ATP (energy-driven calcium uptake) or by succinate (respiration-driven calcium uptake). Phosphoenolpyruvate decreases the amount of calcium accumulated in both ways, whether the rats were fasted or fed ad libitum. Phosphoenolpyruvate induces a net calcium efflux from mitochondria. The effect of phosphoenolpyruvate is partially reversed by ADP. Phosphoenolpyruvate is also able to inhibit the ATP-driven calcium accumulation in the absence of exogenously added respiratory substrates. PMID- 7221164 TI - A C-terminal radioimmunoassay for human parathyrin. AB - Several features concerning the parathyrin (PTH) radioimmunoassay (RIA) in human serum have been considered. The bovine hormone (bPTH) was used as standard and to obtain the radioiodinated tracer and the antisera employed exhibited a C-terminal specificity. A modification of the classical Greenwood and Hunter method was used to label bPTH, based on the sequential addition of small amounts of Chloramine-T to the solution containing the hormone to prevent ovariodination. The purification by Quso G32 followed by a gel-filtration step, produced a suitable tracer for a highly sensitive RIA. Due to unespecific effects from serum in the incubation medium, serum concentration was rendered uniform in all of the assay tubes prior to the addition of the separation mixture (charcoal-dextran). The greatest sensitivity reached was 16 pg of bPTH in the incubation mixture with Ch 4M antiserum. This antiserum allows detection of immunoreactive PTH in the majority of normal subjects and has applicability to a wide range of bone disturbances. PMID- 7221165 TI - Effect of gluconeogenic substrates on ketogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. I. Effect of glycerol. AB - The effect of glycerol on the rate of free fatty acids in isolated hepatocytes from starved rats has been studied. 5 mM glycerol inhibited the ketone bodies production from endogenous substrates, acetate, octanoate or oleate. The incorporation of radioactivity into ketone bodies from acetate, octanoate or oleate was also inhibited by glycerol. The oxidation of radioactive fatty acids to CO2 was not significantly changed by glycerol. However, the incorporation of acetate, octanoate or oleate carbons into liver lipids were increased by glycerol. PMID- 7221166 TI - Effect of glipentide on galactose absorption and disaccharidase activity in rat small intestine. AB - The effect of hypoglycemic sulfonylurea glipentide on galactose transport and disaccharidase activity has been studied in rat small intestine. When 2 x 10(-4) M glipentide is present in the mucosal bathing solution, galactose active transport is inhibited 30% both in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of rats with 5 mg/kg glipentide p.o. for 10 days does not modify galactose absorption of disaccharidase activity. Incubation of the enzymes with glipentide shows no direct effect of the drug on its hydrolytic activity. The effects of glipentide on sugar transport are slight, or non significant in maintaining low blood sugar levels. PMID- 7221167 TI - Effect of calcium concentration on the transmural potential difference and the intensity of the short-circuit current in the small intestine of rat, chicken and hen. AB - The effect of calcium concentration on the Transmural Potential Difference and the Intensity of the Short-circuit Current in rat, chicken and laying hen small intestine has been studied in vitro both in the presence and absence of sodium. The results show that calcium, in the presence of sodium, produces an increase in potential and current intensity much greater in hen intestine than in chicken and rat. In the absence of sodium, the response of the potential as regards calcium concentration in hen intestine is parallel to the one obtained in the absence of sodium: a rise in the potential until it reaches a maximum value that corresponds to a calcium concentration of 10.8 mM in the medium, followed by a drop in the potential. However, rat intestine responds differently: the potential, negative at the serosal, becomes more and more positive with higher concentrations of calcium until it practically disappears. PMID- 7221168 TI - [A neurophysiological study of accesary abducens motoneurons in the awake cat (author's transl)]. AB - The activity of abducens and accessory abducens motoneurons (Mns) has been recorded during spontaneous and vestibularly or visually induced eye movements in awake cats. Motoneuronal activity was also recorded during corneal reflexes induced by the excitation of trigeminal terminals in the orbit. Recorded Mns were antidromically identified by electrical stimulation of the VI nerve. Accessory abducens Mns showed a burst of activity in response to trigeminal stimulation, but they did not show any response in relation to horizontal, vertical and/or oblique eye movements. On the contrary, abducens Mns firing activities were related to the position and velocity of the eye in the horizontal plane, without showing any change in their firing patterns in response to trigeminal stimulation in the orbit. PMID- 7221169 TI - [Claude Bernard-Horner's syndrome due to malignant pleural mesothelioma (author's transl)]. AB - Seven cases of Claude Bernard-Horner's syndrome due to malignant pleural mesothelioma are described. All the patients were middle aged farmers and lived in the rural part of Central Anatolia. Two of them lived in Karain and had been exposed to inhale erionite type zeolite fibres. Hence the other five subjects lived in asbestos deposit areas. Pleural effusion, pleural thickening and nodular pleural lesions were the radiological findings. Rib erosion was found in one case. All the patients had tissue diagnosis by pleural punch biopsy, thoracoscopy or thoracotomy. PMID- 7221170 TI - [Quantitative cytobacteriological study of sputum in chronic bronchitics (author's transl)]. AB - A quantitative cytobacteriological study of sputum was carried out in 259 chronic bronchitics. In non-purulent sputum (leukocyte count lower than 2,000/mm3), flora identified was salivary in 73% of the cases. In purulent sputum (leukocyte count higher than 5 000/mm3), the most frequently identified predominant bacterial species were Haemophilus influenzae (20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.5%). In the most severely ill patients, admitted to the intensive care unit, Haemophilus influenzae was rarely identified as a predominant bacteria (9.8%), whereas in 26.3% of the cases, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified as the only bacteria present. In the less severely ill chronic bronchitis admitted to the medical department, the most common bacteria was Haemophilus influenzae (34.4%), Streptococci (19%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.8%). The leukocyte count in sputum was systematically higher in the patients admitted to the intensive care unit even when the mean bacterial concentration was identical to that observed in the patients in the medical department. PMID- 7221171 TI - [Pulmonary actinomycosis grafted on former tuberculous lesions. Report of one case (author's transl)]. AB - The occurrence of actinomycosis localized in former tuberculosis cavities in a 39 year-old woman is reported. Exeresis of the lesions allowed the discovery of Actinomyces israelii in one of the cavities which no longer communicated with the bronchial tree. In contrast to diffuse actinomycosis found in immuno-depressed patients, this form of the disease was localized in a woman in good health. A decrease of pulmonary defense mechanisms could be involved locally. The infrequency of a tuberculosis-actinomycosis sequence, contrary to aspergilloma, is perhaps due to the anaerobic metabolism of the Actinomyces. PMID- 7221172 TI - [Directives for counseling services for the rehabilitation of handicapped. 17. Counseling of asthma patients]. PMID- 7221173 TI - [Conditions and results of medico-social rehabilitation at the rehabilitation centre of Cologne University (author's transl)]. AB - From its establishment in 1966 the Rehabilitation Center of Cologne University has documented its medical, social and prevocational evaluation findings, and subjected the prognoses given to periodical follow-up verifications. A statistical overview of the years 1971 through 1978 describes the numerical development of in- and outpatient rehabilitees, diagnostic groupings, and follow up results. Development, organisational patterns, and working approaches at the centre as well as the importance of integrated prevocational training are underlined, as is the need for more medical rehabilitation facilities. PMID- 7221174 TI - [Sport and kinesiotherapy within the framework of health resort clinics for prevention and medical rehabilitation (author's transl)]. AB - In most treatment clinics a considerable portion of the treatment programme, is terms of space as well of time occupied, is dedicated to the kinesiotherapy field. Based on the register of the Verband Deutscher Rentenversicherungstrager (Federation of German Pension Insurance Institutes), 433 health resort clinics were surveyed by mail in 1978/79 in order to obtain information on their sport and kinesiotherapy situations. The present findings are based on the replies of 206 clinics, corresponding to 55 percent (i.e. 39,840 beds) of the initial total of beds. The majority of patients covered suffered from disorders of inner organ function (66 percent) or from musculo-sceletal impairments (22 percent). Actual delivery of the sport and kinesiotherapy programmes lies with massage and balneology personnel in 60 percent, physiotherapists and gymnastics teachers in 32 percent of cases, and only in some 2.5 percent are the measures implemented by qualified sport teachers. The question is discussed whether these percentages are compatible with the health educational goals of present-day concepts for preventive or rehabilitative medical treatment in the health resort clinics. Changes are needed both at the staffing and organisational levels (staffing schedules, space allotment) if the pension insurance institutes' approach of "health do it yourself" is to prove successful in this field. PMID- 7221175 TI - [Prostheses for armless children and young people--experiences and conclusions (author's transl)]. AB - Despite the many--often allegedly sensational--advances in the field of arm prosthetics, we continue to be far removed from satisfactory solutions especially where the needs of armless and bilaterally phocomelic children and young people are concerned. Continuing intensive research and development are needed but will never be able to render superfluous the compensatory potentialities of the feet in substituting hand function. Work to date in development and testing of technical aids for disabled children, which has been grant-aided generously over the past by the Federal Ministry of Youth, Health, and Family, as well as the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Order, have enabled us here in our Heidelberg clinic to elaborate the catalogue of indications and contraindications described for the prosthetic management of armless or phocomelic children and young people; to develop child- and age-adapted programmes for the training of compensatory functions; technical aids for coping with the activities of daily living, and to achieve the described further developments in the field of prosthetics. These novel types of prostheses have meanwhile been used successfully for patients with accident-related armlessness. These experiences are of use not only to the field of prosthetic management but beyond that to the entire rehabilitation programming for armless persons, on the medical side of which highest priority is given to the training of inherent compensatory functions (hand function substituted for by the feet in the case of normal hip and knee joints, otherwise by the mouth), aimed at achieving maximum independence in daily living activities and as a preparation for best-possible integration in the educational, vocational, and social fields. PMID- 7221176 TI - [Rehabilitation of persons with psychic disorders or handicaps in transitional facilities and its place within the social security system (author's transl)]. AB - Rehabilitation in transitional facilities (transitional residential homes) is a possible approach for those persons with psychic disorders or handicaps who are not in need of institutional care but cannot be treated adequately on an outpatient basis either. The cost of such rehabilitative programmes is carried by the social welfare authorities in more than 85 percent of the total number of clients. From the point of view of those concerned, who previously had been contributing to social insurance schemes, referral to social assistance is deemed an incompatibility. A change to his situation could be achieved by extending the scope of medical or vocational rehabilitation to include these benefits by way of legal interpretation rendered by the courts, or by the legislator conferring responsibility for the social rehabilitation field on the agencies financially responsible for medical and vocational rehabilitation. PMID- 7221177 TI - The association of middle ear effusion and auditory learning disabilities in children. PMID- 7221178 TI - Homemaker rehabilitation in the age of accountability. PMID- 7221179 TI - GABA depletion in chick brain-stem after intraventricular injection of cefazolin. AB - The effects of cefazolin, given into the III cerebral ventricle at different doses were studied on GABA content, GAD and GABA-T in the brain-stem of young chickens (Gallus domesticus). A dose-dependent fall in GABA content was observed; GABA decrease was evident 15 min after the administration, reached its nadir at 60 min and disappeared at 120 minutes. Glutamate decarboxylase and GABA transaminase activity were not significantly changed. Present experiments suggest the excitatory and convulsant effects of cefazolin in chicks are related to GABA depletion in the brain-stem. PMID- 7221180 TI - Induction of hypersensitivity of brain by hydralazine treatment in rats. AB - Pretreatment with hydralazine caused prolongation of hypnosis induced by hexobarbital (80 mg/kg, i.p.) or intracerebroventricular injection of phenobarbital (1 mg/rat). Under the same condition, brain concentration of hexobarbital was lower than that of no hydralazine treatment. In addition, no appreciable change in liver microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme activities of rats after hydralazine treatment was observed. These findings strongly suggested that hydralazine increases the sensitivity of brain to barbiturates, which leads to prolongation of sleeping time without inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 7221181 TI - Altered hepatic microsomal metabolism of androstenedione as a function of age in mice. AB - The hepatic microsomal metabolism of androstenedione was examined in female Swiss Webster mice at ages 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months. 6 beta-Hydroxylase and 15 alpha-hydroxylase activities decreased with age while a corresponding increase in 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity occurred. Similar changes have been observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Decreases in hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-dethylase and aniline hydroxylase with advanced age have also previously been reported for this strain of mouse. The ability to respond to certain hormones is altered during the aging process, and the altered hepatic metabolism of androgens may contribute to this effect. PMID- 7221182 TI - Sugar derivatives and liver mitochondria. V - Effect of 6-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-3 fluoro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose. AB - Using conventional polarographic and mannometric techniques for assaying oxidative phosphorylation and oxygen uptake in isolated rat liver mitochondria, it was observed a decrease in ADP:O ratio and RC coefficient as a function of treatment with 6-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D glucofuranose, using succinate and alpha-ketoglutarate as substrates. The enzymes activities of different segments of the respiratory chain, indicated an inhibition of NADH-oxidase activity as a result of treatment with 6-O-benzoyl-3 deoxy-fluoro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose. The oxidation of NADH linked substrates by rat liver mitochondria was depressed by the compound used, while the succinate oxidation was increased. PMID- 7221184 TI - Specific and sensitive assays for digoxin in plasma, urine and heart tissue. AB - A combined internal standard and marker was added directly to urine, then after mixing, an aliquot was injected directly onto a C18 mu-Bondapak HPLC column. The 4.5 ml digoxin fraction was collected over 1.5 min starting 1 min after the appearance of the marker peak (UV detection), and the digoxin determined in the fraction by radioimmunoassay using 3H-digoxin. Digoxin was extracted from alkalinized plasma into dichloromethane. After evaporating the extract and addition of internal standard the remainder of the assay was as described above for urine. Multiple samples of urine and plasma collected in a single dose bioavailability trial in normal human volunteers were assayed by one of these specific methods as well as by the usual direct nonspecific RIA method. There were no significant differences in results by the specific and nonspecific methods. Heart tissue was homogenized with internal standard and phosphate buffer than the mixture was centrifuged. The supernatant was extracted with dichloromethane, the solvent evaporated from the extract, the residue redissolved in mobile phase and the remainder of the assay carried out as for urine and plasma. PMID- 7221183 TI - Effects of DNP on rat thymocyte uptake of 2-deoxyglucose: effects of nutrients. AB - Rat thymocyte glucose transport activity was measured by the uptake of 3H-2 deoxyglucose. In the presence of 5mM glucose, DNP stimulated the uptake of 2 deoxyglucose. In the absence of glucose, DNP inhibited the uptake of 2 deoxyglucose. Both stimulatory and inhibitor effects of DNP were DNP concentration dependent. The incubation of thymocytes with nutrients which are metabolized through mitochondrial oxidation, such as beta-hydroxybutyrate, pyruvate, alanine and glutamine, did not support the stimulatory effects of DNP on 2-deoxyglucose uptake. The incubation of thymocytes with a nutrient which can support glycolysis, such as adenosine, supported the stimulatory effect of DNP on 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Iodoacetate, an inhibitor of glycolysis, inhibited 2 deoxyglucose uptake even in the presence of glucose. The present data suggested that the stimulatory effect of DNP on thymocyte 2-deoxyglucose uptake required intact glycolysis activity. PMID- 7221185 TI - Clinical evaluation of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in patients receiving aminoglycoside and cephalosporin drugs. AB - N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in urine was measured as an indicator for detecting the onset of renal damage in patients receiving aminoglycoside and cephalosporin drugs. The studies reveal that gentamicin appears to be most nephrotoxic of the aminoglycoside antibiotics. Polyuria, not oliguria, is the first clinical symptom observed in patients with marked elevation of urinary NAG activity more than 10 mM/hr/day and moderate proteinuria and disturbance of renal function are followed in some cases. Although immediate recovery from these nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides and the elevation of urinary NAG activity occurs on prompt withdrawal of the drugs, two autopsied cases receiving prolonged administration of gentamicin, followed marked NAG elevation, show necrosis and exfoliation of tubular epithelial cells with little glomerular injury. The other aminoglycosides, such as amikacin, tobramycin and dibekacin are less nephrotoxic, and the administration of cephalosporin developed no nephrotoxic symptoms nor marked elevation of urinary NAG activity. The results indicate that measurement of urinary NAG activity is useful for the early diagnosis and monitoring of nephrotoxic reactions due to aminoglycosides. PMID- 7221186 TI - Serum level of alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase in myocardial infarction in man. AB - alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, a lysosomal enzyme essential for the degradation of heparin sulfate, was measured in the sera of normal individuals and of 19 patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Normal individuals maintained a constant level of this enzyme from day to day. In contrast, patients with MI had a 2-3 fold elevation of this enzyme as early as 2 hr after MI. This elevation persisted at least until the creatine phosphokinase-MB had attained maximum activity, usually 6-23 hr after MI and then gradually decreased, returning to normal levels 3-5 days later. PMID- 7221187 TI - Plasma enzyme determinations in normal and dystrophic mice. AB - The plasma levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were determined in normal mice of the white CF1 and black C57Bl/6 strains, and in clinically normal, heterozygous and dystrophic mice of the C57BL/6J-dy strain. CF1 mice, 13-130 days old, had an average plasma CK of 152 +/ 58 mIU/ml (mean +/- standard deviation) (n=19). Mice of the C57BL/6 strain had a CK of 164 +/- 39 mIU/ml (n=5). Dystrophic mice, younger than 80 days, had an average CK of 1186 +/- 609 mIU/ml (n=16). The CK levels in plasma from 3 dystrophic mice (99, 99 and 156 days) were 182, 267 and 169 (mean 206) mIU/ml, respectively. CK activities in known heterozygotes (+/dy), 180-200 days old, were 165 +/- 156 mIU/ml (n=7). Up to 80 days of age, 14 clinically normal littermates of dystrophic mice showed two distinct groupings of CK activity. Four animals had a mean of 1136 +/- 418 mIU/ml, while 10 others had a mean CK of 173 +/- 116 mIU/ml. The reasons for the 4 elevated values have yet to be established. Over 80 days of age, the average CK was 152 +/- 63 mIU/ml (n=5). When compared statistically, only the young (less than 80 days) dystrophic and four clinically normal animals, with elevated CK levels, were significantly different from the other six groups of mice examined (p less than 0.001). The data indicate that the plasma CK level in C57BL/6J-dy dystrophic mice is elevated, at least up to about 11 weeks. PMID- 7221188 TI - Cholesterol HDL in phenobarbital-treated male and female Wistar rats. AB - The effect of phenobarbital treatment on HDL cholesterol was studied in male and female Wister rats. An increase of HDL cholesterol was observed in both sexes one day after the administration of the barbiturate. The values of HDL cholesterol returned to those of the control animals l7 days after treatment. PMID- 7221189 TI - Significant increase of plasma prostaglandins in cancer patients. AB - Plasma prostaglandin (PGs) levels of normal individuals, cardiac and autoimmune disease patients were similar with the following mean and S.E.M. in ng/ml values: Normal, 45.4 +/- 6.4; cardiac, 48.3 +/- 4.2; and autoimmune, 52.4 +/- 4.8. On the other hand, cancer patients showed a significant increase in plasma PGS with a mean +/- S.E.M. of 102.0 +/- ng/ml as compared to the values of normal individuals, cardiac and autoimmune patients. It is suggested that, in part, the increase in PGs may be associated with the depressed state of the cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients. PMID- 7221190 TI - [Experimental studies on cardiopulmonary relation under hypoxia, hypercapnia and airway obstruction in dog (author's transl)]. AB - On 18 dogs the effects of hypoxia (12, 10, 7.5% O2) and hypoxia and hypercapnia (10% O2 + 5, 7.5, 11% CO2) on breathing, pulmonary vascular resistance, cardiac output and on the arterial and venous oxygen pressure were investigated. The relationship between arterial oxygen pressure to Pap as to vascular resistance is not in the mean linear. There are good, bad and nearly nonresponders in respect to the vascular resistance on the dogs. Therefore, calculation and evaluation of mean values are less helpful. A similar variation on men could help to understand also better the large scatter which is always shown on correlations between PO2a : Pap or PO2a : vascular resistance. Also the different pattern of the V/Q relationship may be influenced by the amount of the vascular response to local alveolar hypoxia. An increase of PCO/a potentiates the local vasoconstrictor effect of hypoxia. Mainly this was seen in the range between hypocapnia and moderate rates of hypercapnia. Hypoxia shows an increase of breathing frequency, hypercapnia shows and increase in tidal volume. Also under hypercapnia there are nonresponders and better responders in response to the vascular resistance in the lung circulation. Mechanical airway obstruction is followed by an increase of tidal volume; obstruction caused by acetylcholine is followed by a decrease of tidal volume and an increase of breathing frequency. Changes in the arterial blood gases are caused by changes in the ventilation perfusion relationship only under acetylcholine obstruction. Influences on the lung circulation by the airway obstruction under these experimental conditions as direct effects are small or not existent. PMID- 7221191 TI - Evaluation of mixed venous oxygenation on the basis of arterial oxygen tension in chronic lung diseases. AB - The mixed venous oxygenation in relation to arterial oxygen tension was evaluated in the control group (30 subjects) and in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD; 56 subjects) and fibrosing alveolitis (FA; 20 subjects). The mixed venous hypoxia was found in 28.4% of patients with COLD and in 40% of patients with FA. The arterial oxygen tension values below which mixed venous hypoxia can be expected were below 55 mm Hg in normocapnic and below 46 mm Hg in hypercapnic patients. The values of mixed venous oxygen tension correlated significantly with the coefficient of oxygen delivery in the control group (r = 0.84; p less than 0.001) and in all patients taken together (r = 0.69; p less than 0.001). The finding of mixed venous hypoxia, which is an approximate index of tissue oxygenation, might have some clinical implications. PMID- 7221192 TI - Effect of hematocrit on the blood viscosity of patients with chronic respiratory failure and secondary polycythemia. AB - The blood of patients with chronic global respiratory failure and polycythemia exhibits higher viscosity than that of normal subjects. Plasma changes have been excluded as causal factors. The viscosity of whole blood, plasma and blood after correction of hematocrit (Ht; 45%) with autologous plasma, has been determined. The results indicate that in such patients the increase in Ht is not the most important factor affecting the rheological properties (increased viscosity) of blood. A high Ht value may be only pat of the mechanism that increases the blood viscosity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is evidence that other factors are responsible for increased blood viscosity in chronic respiratory failure. PMID- 7221193 TI - Observations and speculations on perfusion patterns in apparently normal lung scans. AB - The patterns of pulmonary blood flow have been studied in 21 apparently normal perfusion scans. Two patterns were identified, a predominantly lower lobar distribution and a more even pattern. The predominantly lower lobar distribution is probably the more normal pattern, which suggests that in addition to the relationships between alveolar pressure, pulmonary vascular pressures and gravity, the anatomical structure of the lung also influences the regional distribution of blood flow. West's zone I was identified in 20 of the patients and occupied, on average, 16% of the vertical height of the lung. It is suggested that recognition of this zone may enable mean pulmonary arterial pressure to be measured from a combination of ventilation-perfusion imaging and the chest radiograph. PMID- 7221194 TI - Lung function in cystic fibrosis: acute effect of salbutamol. AB - Pulmonary function tests including spirometry, N2 washout and volume of trapped gas (VTG) were obtained in 12 children with cystic fibrosis (CF), 6-18 years of age, before and after inhalation of 0.2 mg salbutamol. 11 children had pathologically increased VTG while the lung clearance index (LCI) was abnormal in 9, V'max 25/TLC (maximal flow at 25% of vital capacity/total lung capacity) in 8, residual volume in 6, but FEV1 in only 2 children. VTG/TLC% increased with age while V'max 25/TLC and FEV1 did not change. Neither was clinical score related to age in our subjects. No improvement in lung function occurred after salbutamol inhalation. VTG proved most sensitive for showing abnormality in children with CF. PMID- 7221196 TI - Unusual clinical presentation of acute sarcoidosis. AB - A 16-year-old male developed fever and productive cough of 2 months' duration. Extensive search for an infectious process was negative. After appearance of knee joint effusion, a transbronchial biopsy through a fiberoptic bronchoscope revealed histological findings consistent with sarcoidosis. The patient recovered after a course of prednisone therapy. The atypical presentation of this systemic disease caused considerable delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment. PMID- 7221197 TI - Effects of acute plasma for blood exchange in experimental polycythemia. AB - This study was performed to assess the effects of equal volume plasma-for-blood exchanges in the chronically polycythemic dog. Red blood cells were periodically injected until the hematocrit exceeded 60%. Thereafter, the hemodynamic effects of five plasma-for-blood exchanges (8 ml/kg/exchange) were compared to values obtained during control, maximal polycythemia, and a recovery period. Cardiac output decreased 40% (p less than 0.01) during maximal polycythemia and increased significantly after the first two exchanges. In chronically polycythemic dogs, plasma-for-blood exchanges that decreased the hematocrit to 56-62% reverted selected cardiovascular parameters to or toward control values. PMID- 7221195 TI - Maintenance oral theophylline therapy: suggested schedule in elderly patients. AB - 18 elderly patients (17 male and 1 female) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 2 elderly patients (1 male, 1 female) with an acute asthmatic attack were treated with theophylline. Receiving the same intravenous loading dose (5.6 mg/kg) and oral maintenance dosage (1,500 mg), the patients were divided into two groups (A and B) differentiated only by the time interval between oral doses (tau). Group A was treated every 8 h, and group B every 6 h. Although theophylline levels in both groups were similar during the infusion period, patients in group B fared significantly better (p less than 0.01) than patients in group A in reaching a therapeutic blood theophylline level. We conclude that an average dosage of 20 mg/kg of theophylline divided in 6-hour intervals is the more effective schedule in elderly patients without cardiac or hepatic involvement. PMID- 7221198 TI - Pulmonary diffusing capacity and its components (DM and Vc) in young, healthy smokers. AB - We have studied the diffusing capacity and its components (DM and Vc) in two groups of 9 males, healthy, smokers and nonsmokers, with similar age, biometric characteristics and spirographic values. Also, BT was not different between the two groups, because the smokers were asked to stop smoking 12 h before the test. Our data showed that TF and DM are significantly lower in smokers than in nonsmokers (p less than 0.005 and less than 0.01, respectively, while Vc was not different between the two groups and confirm that Vc is influenced by COhb level. PMID- 7221199 TI - Low-density gas breathing during exercise in chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - Because breathing low-density helium-oxygen gas mixture has been reported as improving ventilatory mechanics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and reducing the oxygen cost of ventilation in exercising normal subjects, it might prove useful in COPD physical conditioning programs. 7 COPD patients performed incremental exercise to tolerance while breathing either air on 79% helium-21% oxygen mixture. There was a tendency for low-density gas breathing to stimulate a higher ventilation at any given work load. As a result there was a tendency to greater tolerance with air breathing. Throughout exercise there was no statistically significant difference in endurance, oxygen consumption, heart rate, or ventilatory parameters suggesting that the helium oxygen mixture was not beneficial to exercise performance. PMID- 7221200 TI - Comparison between intracutaneous and prick tests in detecting sensitizations to common Mediterranean allergens. AB - The role of the intracutaneous test (IC) in clinical allergy routine was evaluated comparing its results with those from the prick test, the radioallergosorbent test (RAST), and the specific bronchial provocation test (BPT). The study was carried out making an a posteriori survey of 384 patients suffering from symptoms of perennial and seasonal rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma. They were tested with the most common allergens in the Mediterranean countries; 681 prick tests and 489 IC tests were compared with RAST and 69 with BPT. The IC tests showed disagreement with RAST and BPT more frequently than prick tests: this is attributable to a lesser degree of specificity of IC test performed with the usual concentrations, and depends on the nature of the allergens. On the other hand the prick test is no less sensitive than the IC test, being the occurrence of RAST positivity in patients with negative skin tests similar for the prick and IC tests. These results support the concept of the prick test as preferable with respect to the IC test because of its specificity and sensitivity. PMID- 7221201 TI - Tracheobronchial function in health and disease. Effect of mucolytic substances. AB - The effect of mucolytic and expectorant substances on ciliary beat frequency, mucus transport velocity and mucus production, was investigated in normal and bronchitic rats. The results showed that: (i) N-acetylcysteine and S carboxymethylcysteine were mildly cilioexcitatory at low and ciliodepressive at higher concentrations in both normal and bronchitic rats. A similar pattern was seen in mucus transport velocity. (ii) Bisolvon enhanced all aspects of mucociliary activity in both groups of animals. Sobrepin was less effective than Bisolvon and more effective than Tachoquilin. (iii) Geleomyrtol, Ozothin and prostaglandin E1 were all cilioexcitatory in rats with bronchitis. Mucus transport velocity was similarly stimulated by both Geleomyrtol and Ozothin. (iv) Ammonium chloride and potassium iodide enhanced mucociliary activity in normal and bronchitic rats. (v) All substances stimulated mucus production, however, the most potent was prostaglandin E1. The mechanisms for increased mucociliary activity involve inter alia the probable cleaving of disulfide bridges, decreased mucosal swelling, altered rheological characteristics and stimulation of adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7221203 TI - [Protection of the myocardium and coronary artery circulation (5)]. PMID- 7221205 TI - [Plasma catecholamine concentration as an index for evaluating cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221204 TI - [Effect of acetylcholine and adrenaline on membrane currents in ventricular muscle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221202 TI - Measurement of lactic acid in pleural fluid. AB - Lactic acid (LA) concentrations in the pleural fluid of 75 patients were determined by the Monotest Lactate Kit (MLK). Lactic acid values in 18 cases of bacterial or tuberculous pleural infection were strikingly higher (mean 81 mg%, range 45-200 mg%), than in 42 cases with pleural effusion due to congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, nephrosis, trauma, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; mean 19 mg%, range 6-47 mg/). High levels of LA were also found in the pleural fluid of 15 patients with malignancy of pleural cavity. Determination of LA can be an additional rapid tool in the differentiation between bacterial pleural inflammation and pleural effusion of various forms except in cases with malignancy of the pleural cavity. PMID- 7221207 TI - [Recent advances in high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of picogram amounts of catecholamines and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221208 TI - [Ischemic heart disease and catecholamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221206 TI - [Plasma catecholamine content using radioenzymatic assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221210 TI - [Availability of multiple percutaneous insertion of the electrode catheters from unilateral femoral vein for cardiac electrophysiological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221209 TI - [Myocardial infarction and catecholamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221211 TI - [Algorithm for calculating blood base excess from pH bicarbonate diagram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221212 TI - [Theory and clinical practice of a new ear oximeter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221213 TI - [Release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide during acute hypoxia and acute respiratory acidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221214 TI - [Main urinary metabolite of prostaglandin F levels in patients with several pulmonary diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221216 TI - [Transient tricuspid insufficiency --case reports of 3 neonates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221215 TI - [Studies on effects of venous pulsation under the extracorporeal circulation especially upon the peripheral circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221217 TI - NADH fluorescence and spontaneous activity of rat portal veins at decreased pH. AB - (1) Intracellular fluorescence of pyridine nucleotides (PN) of smooth muscle cells from rat portal veins was measured simultaneously with mechanical force development at different acidotic pH in order to relate cell metabolism to spontaneous contractile activity. (2) The pH was lowered (I) by increasing the pCO2 and (II) by decreasing the HCO3--concentration at constant pCO2 in the perfusing solution, producing respiratory and metabolic acidosis respectively. (3) Under both acidotic conditions, decreased force development and frequency of the spontaneous activity was paralleled by alterations of energy metabolism indicated by a shift of the pyridine nucleotide redox-state towards oxidation. (4) Equilibrium values of intracellular PN fluorescence and contraction force development differed under respiratory and metabolic acidosis; spontaneous contraction frequency, regarded as an indicator of pacemaker activity, did not show a significant difference under either acidotic condition. (5) During respiratory acidosis the spontaneous activity exhibited a typically time dependent behaviour. Since CO2 is thought to freely penetrate cell membranes, this transient break of the mechanical activity may be explained in view of a phasic change of intracellular pH. PMID- 7221219 TI - Single-exhalation method for study of lobar and segmental lung function by mass spectrometry in man. AB - A single-exhalation method, based on a modification of the conventional single breath technique, was applied to study lung function in normal subjects during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. After a single inspiration of a test gas mixture (1% He, 1% C2H2, 0.07% C18O in air), the test gas concentrations were continuously monitored during subsequent slow exhalation, using a respiratory mass spectrometer that sampled either at the lips (Whole-lung test) or, through the bronchoscope, at various sites within the bronchial tree (Regional test). Changes in concentrations of the test gases with time allowed estimation of alveolar ventilation (Va), blood flow (Q), and diffusing capacity (DLCO), per unit accessible lung volume (Va). In the Whole-lung test, both DLCO and Q agreed closely with values obtained in the same subject by a rebreathing method. No differences were observed between the upright and the lateral decubitus positions. In teh Regional test, VA/VA, DLCO/VA and Q/VA were larger in the dependent than in the upper lung, when sampling was from the main bronchi in the lateral decubitus positions. Sampling from lobar bronchi in the upright position revealed an increase from top to bottom in VA/VA, DLCO/CA and Q/VA, this being most marked for Q. These results are compatible with the regional variations that have been shown by radioactive techniques and have been attributed to gravitational forces. The method appears to be suitable for the study of lobar and segmental lung function in patients with lung disease. PMID- 7221218 TI - Lung morphometry in guinea pigs acclimated to hypoxia during growth. AB - The effect of chronic hypoxic exposure on lung development has been assessed in growing guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Weanling males of initial W = 229 g were acclimated to a PO2 of 80 Torr for 2-14 weeks before sacrifice (range of W = 244 965 g). Growth was the same in hypoxic animals as in controls maintained at a PO2 of 133 Torr (range of W in controls = 89-1274 g). Lungs were fixed by tracheal instillation of glutaraldehyde and examined morphometrically with the electron microscope. Within 3 weeks of exposure, lung volume (VL) and alveolar surface area (Sa) were significantly increased by 32% and 27% respectively in the hypoxia acclimated animals compared to controls of similar W. However, these differences were progressively reduced with increasing time of exposure, and mean values of VL and Sa were not different between groups when W greater than 900 g. Chronic hypoxia accelerated lung development towards normal adult dimensions to a degree remarkably similar to that reported in cold acclimated guinea pigs. These findings are compatable with the theory of adaptive lung growth mediated by increased pulmonary blood flow, and suggest anatomical limitations to such growth related to an animal's age. PMID- 7221220 TI - Effects of vagal afferents on laryngeal responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia. AB - The effects of hypercapnia and isocapnic hypoxia on the respiratory movements of the vocal cords were assessed in anesthetized cats before and after bilateral vagotomy. In vagally intact animals, these stimuli lowered laryngeal airflow resistance by increasing both inspiratory and expiratory vocal cord abduction through activation of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle. Vagotomy had little effect on the laryngeal response to hypercapnia, but led to an increase in expiratory laryngeal resistance during hypoxia owing to a decrease in expiratory PCA activity. Carotid arterial NaCN injection caused a similar increase in expiratory laryngeal resistance after vagotomy, suggesting that the response to hypoxia was due to carotid chemoreceptor stimulation. The laryngeal responses to both hypoxia and NaCN were abolished by carotid sinus nerve section. The results indicate that afferents from central and peripheral chemoreceptors have different effects on the activity of motoneurons governing vocal cord movements during expiration. Vagal afferent feedback serves to maintain the patency of the laryngeal airway during hypoxia. PMID- 7221221 TI - Entrainment of breathing rate to movement frequency during work at two intensities. AB - Ten males and six females exercised on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. Three conditions were tested: preferred pedal frequency with no cues; preferred frequency established by listening to a metronome and preferred frequency maintained by watching a digital display. Each condition was performed at a low workload and a high workload, and this set of tests was repeated once. During each test, computer sampling of pedal and breath information occurred, and the relationship of breath signal occurrences to pedal signals was plotted by a post stimulus histogram program. Fourier analysis of psh data (Time Series Spectrum Estimation) decomposed each histogram into it's frequency components. The magnitude of the frequency at the fundamental of the pedal period (F1), and it's first harmonic (F2), were assessed using F ratios. For retest results, preferred condition, 100% of subjects were entrained for both low and high workloads. With the metronome, 87% were entrained at the low workload and 94% at the high workload. For both workloads, 94% were entrained when watching a digital printout of pedal frequency. For preferred pedal rate, at the two workloads tested, the results of this study strongly support the existence of entrainment, and provide evidence for neurogenic input to ventilatory control during steady state work. PMID- 7221223 TI - A rapid micro method for obtaining oxygen equilibrium curves on whole blood. AB - A method for recording complete dynamic oxygen equilibrium curves (O2EC) from microliter samples of whole blood is described. The blood sample is compressed into a thin film between two 6-micron thick Teflon membranes in order to promote rapid gas exchange with gas volume surrounding the membranes. Oxygen tension of the gas volume around the blood film is charged at a controlled rate from zero to ca. 100 Torr by a specially designated gas-exchanging cuvette. Saturation of red cell hemoglobin in the film is measured by dual-wavelength spectrophotometry using Soret wavelengths of 430-453 nm. Gas volume oxygen tension is measured with a Teflon membrane covered oxygen cathode. Full saturation is secured by introducing an oxygen mixture whose PO2 exceeds 650 Torr. A single O2EC can be run in about 4 min at 37 degrees; multiple O2EC can be recorded from the same blood film. Each curve is run isocapnically at a preselected carbon dioxide tension. Blood film pH is calculated from the CO2 partial pressure and an independently determined buffer line. Data are presented to show that normal standard curve for man as determined with this blood-film method and those determined by other methods are equivalent. PMID- 7221222 TI - Increased capillary supply in skeletal muscle of guinea pigs acclimated to cold. AB - The ATPase technique was used to visualize blood capillaries and to study fiber composition in 10-micrometer transverse sections of guinea pig gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. A control group of newborn, weanling, juvenile and adult male guinea pigs (GP) (BW = 89-1274 g) was studied in a 20-24 degrees C environment (22 degrees C GP) while 2-3 week old animals were exposed continuously to 5 degrees C for 2-18 weeks before sacrifice (5 degrees C GP) (BW = 239-1074 g). Body weight gain was not affected by cold exposure; however, the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the 5 degrees C GP grew at a slower rate than did the muscles of the 22 degrees C GP. The equations relating fiber cross sectional area (FCSA) and muscle weight (MW) were not different between the 22 degrees C GP and 5 degrees C GP for the soleus and gastrocnemius. Therefore, in both muscles at the same BW, FCSA was smaller in the 5 degrees C GP than in the 22 degrees C GP. In both of the two muscles of each group, capillary density (CD) decreased hyperbolically with increasing FCSA, while the capillary to fiber ratio (C/F) and the average number of capillaries around each fiber (CAF) increased linearly with increasing FCSA. The regression lines for CD, C/F and CAF versus FCSA for both muscles were parallel between groups, but at any FDSA, the CD, C/F and CAF were greater in the 5 degrees C GP than in the 22 degrees C GP. Percent fiber composition of the gastrocnemii of the 22 degrees C GP and 5 degrees C GP were not different; however, at the same FCSA each fiber type had a greater capillary supply in the 5 degrees C GP. The increased capillarity in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the 5 degrees C GP suggests an improved capacity for oxygenation, a response which would correlate well with the increased oxygen utilization during prolonged cold exposure. PMID- 7221224 TI - Uterine oxygen uptake in the pregnant Pygmy goat. AB - The diffusion equilibrium method was used to measure uterine blood flow (Qut) and oxygen consumption (VutO2) of 7 Pygmy goats in the last third of pregnancy. VutO2 was 9.3 +/- 1.3 (mean +/- SEM) ml.min-1.kg-1 weight of the uterus and its contents: the placenta, fetus and fetal membranes. This O2 requirement was provided by a high blood flow (349 +/- 48 ml.min-1.kg-1) and a narrow arteriovenous difference (2.4 +/- 0.1 vol%) across the uterus. Maternal arterial O2 content (CaO2) was varied by incurring chronic anemia in 3 animals. CaO2 over the range 6.5 - 12.8 vol% did not affect uterine blood flow or the arteriovenous oxygen content difference across the uterus. Weight specific (ml.min-1.kg-1) VutO2 did not differ in animals whose total uterine weights varied over a wide range and uterine vein oxygen tension and content did not fall prior to delivery. We conclude that the absolute uterine blood flow varies over a wide range to meet the requirements of the uterine contents. PMID- 7221225 TI - Respiratory and hemodynamic effects of methadone in pregnant women. AB - Minute ventilation, end-tidal PCO2, O2 and CO2 concentrations in expired air, pulse rate and arterial blood pressure were measured in the last half of pregnancy in eight women taking methadone daily. Measurements were made with the subjects seated at rest, during the steady state of 50-watt bicycle exercise, and during recovery. Calculations of O2 consumption. CO2 production, alveolar ventilation and oxygen debt were made. Studies were repeated in five subjects postpartum. Methadone diminishes the normal hyperventilation of pregnancy and its effect persists for more than 24 h. When comparisons are made of pregnant and postpartum values, some respiratory stimulation during pregnancy is apparent. Maternal oxygen debt following standard exercise during pregnancy is diminished after the daily dose of methadone and the maternal heart rate response to exercise is diminished concurrently. The maternal hypoventilation induced by methadone and maintained during exercise may be relevant to the low birth weights and high incidence of sudden infant death syndrome observed by others in the offspring of methadone-dependent women. PMID- 7221226 TI - [Prevalence of anemia in women attending family planning clinic in Durango (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221227 TI - [Thyroidal lymphography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221228 TI - [Thallium poisoning. Clinical experience with 14 cases]. PMID- 7221229 TI - Thrombocytopathy possibly due to sepsis. A new clinical entity? PMID- 7221231 TI - [Gastrointestinal endoscopic abnormalities in uremic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221232 TI - Renal tubular lactate reabsorption in dogs. Competition between stereoisomers. PMID- 7221230 TI - Familial pigeon breeder's disease. Possible association to HLA-Bw40 antigen. PMID- 7221233 TI - [Initial abnormalities of renal function in children with post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221234 TI - [Renal function changes induced by furosemide in children with acute glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7221236 TI - [Changes in serum, erythrocytic and exchangeable potassium during the administration of hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination with amiloride in hypertensive patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221235 TI - [Blood pressure and renal function response in essential hypertension patients, treated with propanolol and submitted to different sodium diets (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221237 TI - [Clinical and genetic characteristics of a family with Alport's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221238 TI - [Hypercalciuria. Physiopathology and classification criteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221239 TI - [Studies on the mechanism of 131I-iodothalamate renal excretion and its use to measure glomerular filtration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221240 TI - [Immunology of allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 7221242 TI - [Surgery of ossifying fibromas in the Ivory Coast]. PMID- 7221241 TI - [Cancer of the naso-pharynx. A 10 year study]. PMID- 7221243 TI - [Cholesteatoma of the middle ear]. PMID- 7221244 TI - [First natural population of Escherichia coli bacteriophage isolated in Chile. V. Biochemical properties of the virus ZAR2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221246 TI - [Treatment of supraventricular tachycardias with verapamil (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221247 TI - [Relative frequency of different types of abdominal hernias: sex distribution and morbidity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221245 TI - [Bacteriologic and parasitologic survey of hospital food handlers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221248 TI - [Counter inmunoelectrophoresis: a tool in the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221249 TI - [External ophthalmomyasis caused by Oestrus ovis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221251 TI - [The teaching of public health at Chilean medical schools (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221250 TI - [Health care in the metropolitan area of Santiago (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221252 TI - [Ethical aspects of medical research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221253 TI - [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221254 TI - [Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221255 TI - [Treatment of obesity with a liquid, relatively high protein diet (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221256 TI - [Risk of cardiovascular disease in urban and suburban Chilean populations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221257 TI - [Endoscopic resection of polypoid lesions of the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221258 TI - [Complications of oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with valvular prosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221259 TI - [Phenobarbital intoxication in a patient with primidone and diphenylhydantoin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221260 TI - [Medical liability and the law. Part I: Medical malpractice and the configuration of guilt (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221261 TI - [Mental health of the adult. II: Psychiatric care, mental health programs and alcoholism control programs in the East area of Santiago (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221262 TI - [Smoking and health: a medical and social challenge]. PMID- 7221263 TI - [Smoking or health: the choice is yours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221264 TI - [The Institute of Chile and the national culture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221265 TI - [Local reaction to nandrolone decaonate]. PMID- 7221266 TI - [Validity of skinfold thickness as an estimation of fatty mass, with reference to the equations of Durnin and Womersley (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221267 TI - [Geographical gradients of lithium concentration in surface and drinking waters and in plasma of exposed subjects in Northern Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221268 TI - [Medical malpractice. Part II. Definition of a guilty medical act by the Chilean Penal Code (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221269 TI - [New compounds with prophylactic action in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7221270 TI - [Massive hydrothorax in cirrhosis of the liver and ascites (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221271 TI - [The current concept of recuperation in medicine]. PMID- 7221274 TI - [The place of chronic diseases among public health problems]. PMID- 7221272 TI - [Hypoglycemias]. PMID- 7221273 TI - [Epidemiology and contemporary problems in public health]. PMID- 7221275 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of gastric ulcer]. PMID- 7221276 TI - [The role of prostaglandins at the level of the central nervous system]. PMID- 7221277 TI - [Massive eosinophilia]. PMID- 7221278 TI - [Giant gastric ulcer]. PMID- 7221279 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic aspects of complicated hepatic hydatid cyst]. PMID- 7221280 TI - [Diagnosis of bacteriologically unconfirmed urogenital tuberculosis]. PMID- 7221281 TI - [Clinico-therapeutic aspects of subphrenic abscesses]. PMID- 7221282 TI - [Criteria of natural selection in the appearance and evolution of the immunological barrier]. PMID- 7221283 TI - [Measles before vaccination. Statistical consideration on cases of measles hospitalized at the Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Jassy 1947-1977]. PMID- 7221284 TI - Modification of skin temperature, rectal temperature and excitability during anaesthesia. PMID- 7221285 TI - [Post-morten coronarography, a criterion of the evaluation of coronary risk]. PMID- 7221286 TI - [Intra-oral parallelization in treatment with joined prostheses]. PMID- 7221287 TI - [Checking of non-bacterial pollution of various drugs]. PMID- 7221289 TI - [Treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus]. PMID- 7221288 TI - [Research on rectal/resorption of I 131-labeled sodium from suppositories prepared with indigenous hydrogenated fats]. PMID- 7221290 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy associated with hepatitis B surface antigens (HBSAG)]. PMID- 7221291 TI - [The latency rate and parameters of muscular action potential as modern tests for diagnosis and prognosis of recovery from facial paralysis]. PMID- 7221292 TI - Preliminary data on the induced contraction of the rat uterus. PMID- 7221293 TI - [Familial hypercholesteremia]. PMID- 7221294 TI - [2 cases of intestinal occlusion caused by Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 7221295 TI - [Mucosal diaphragm of the duodenum]. PMID- 7221296 TI - [Disinfection and sterilization in prevention and control of type B viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7221297 TI - [Progress in vaccinoprophylaxis]. PMID- 7221298 TI - [Chronic interstitial nephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221299 TI - [Chronic meningococcemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221300 TI - [Phallography : a new technique for the detection of impotence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221301 TI - [Motivation and orientation to medical studies]. PMID- 7221302 TI - [Remembrances past. Comments on therapy by an elderly doctor]. PMID- 7221303 TI - [Order in the storm]. PMID- 7221304 TI - [Diagnosis of phrenic and diaphragmatic disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221305 TI - [Results of surgery for lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221306 TI - [Mineralogic studies in respiratory pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221307 TI - [Tracheal obstruction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221308 TI - [Thoracoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of pleuropulmonary affections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221310 TI - [Pulmonary auscultation]. PMID- 7221309 TI - [Asbestos lung pathology in Belgium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221311 TI - [Clinical interest of bronchial challenge tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221312 TI - [Etiology of acute lung infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221313 TI - [Electron microscopy and lung pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221314 TI - [Introduction. Post-hospital rehabilitation after myocardial infarct or heart surgery]. PMID- 7221315 TI - [Post-hospital rehabilitation of the coronary patient]. PMID- 7221316 TI - [Theory of and experiences in institutionalized rehabilitation of the coronary patient in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 7221317 TI - [Institutionalized rehabilitation in German Switzerland]. PMID- 7221318 TI - [Institutionalized rehabilitation in French-speaking Switzerland]. PMID- 7221319 TI - [Epidemiology of ischemic cardiopathies]. PMID- 7221320 TI - [Ambulatory rehabilitation of heart disease patients in Geneva]. PMID- 7221321 TI - [Ambulatory cardiovascular rehabilitation. Initial experiences of the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Institute of Lausanne]. PMID- 7221322 TI - [Surgical treatment of the coronary patient and return to work]. PMID- 7221323 TI - [Selection criteria for re-allocating the coronary patient into daily life]. PMID- 7221324 TI - [Modern ophthalmology]. PMID- 7221325 TI - [Multidisciplinary team work in the medicosocial field]. PMID- 7221326 TI - [Physical exertion and rehabilitation of heart disease patients]. PMID- 7221327 TI - [Hereditary degenerative spinocerebellar diseases in Tunisia with manometric studies in bladder disorders (author's transl)]. AB - During a survey conducted in Tunisia in 1978, 204 cases of hereditary degenerative spinocerebellar diseases were discovered among members of 117 families. The cases included 109 patients with Friedreich's ataxia, 28 with Piere Marie's heredo-ataxia, 20 with Strumpell-Lorrain's disease, and 47 with intermediary forms. The latter group included incomplete forms of Friedreich's and Pierre Marie's diseases. The onset or progression of the disease was linked to a febrile episode in 25 p. cent of the cases. Emphasis is placed on the presence of bladder sphincter disorders in approximately one third of the patients with Friedreich's or Pierre Marie's diseases. Manometric studies in 17 cases demonstrated the presence of normal bladders in 4 cases, hypertonicity of the bladder in 5 patients, and hypesthesic retention-type bladders in 5 other cases. In 3 patients the disorder was difficult to classify. These results show that sphincter disorders should not constitute a criterium for exclusion of the diagnosis of spinocerebellar degeneration. PMID- 7221328 TI - [Giant cell thromboangiitis in a patient taking an oral contraceptive (author's transl)]. AB - Pathological examination in a patient who developed an ischemic cerebrovascular accident while taking an oral contraceptive demonstrated widespread lesions in the right and left carotid regions. Histological examination revealed the presence of an obliterating thromboangiitis in the arterial walls, with subendothelial fibrosis of the intima, arterial thrombosis, and a marked giant cell reaction where the lesions were in contact with the internal elastic layer. Immunological and biological anomalies confirmed the inflammatory nature of the lesion with the presence of anti-ethinyl estradiol antibodies in the serum and circulating blood immune complexes. These biological and histological results suggest the immunological nature of the mechanism of origin of the cerebrovascular accident in this case. PMID- 7221330 TI - Some epidemiological data on snoring and cardiocirculatory disturbances. PMID- 7221331 TI - The control of breathing during sleep. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, March 1--3, 1980. PMID- 7221329 TI - [Oculomotor disorders associated with Arnold-Chiari malformations (author's transl)]. AB - Oculographic examinations were conducted in 24 cases of Arnold-Chiari malformation. Disorders in vertical eye movements with a spontaneous vertical nystagmus were frequently observed, together with disturbances in visual tracking. There was no case of paralysis of lateral eye movements, but an adduction internuclear ophthalmoplegia might be present. Though these anomalies are not specific, they differ for example from those usually observed in multiple sclerosis, which is often a differential diagnosis in such cases. Oculography therefore may be of particular value. PMID- 7221332 TI - Some cineradiographic aspects of snoring and obstructive apneas. PMID- 7221333 TI - Sleep apnea syndromes: impact of sleep and sleep states. PMID- 7221334 TI - Pathophysiological mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 7221335 TI - Neuronal mechanisms of respiration in REM sleep. PMID- 7221337 TI - The influence of sleep fragmentation on arousal and ventilatory responses to respiratory stimuli. PMID- 7221336 TI - Intercostal and diaphragmatic electrical activity during wakefulness and sleep in normal unrestrained adult cats. PMID- 7221338 TI - Respiratory functions of the laryngeal muscle during sleep. PMID- 7221339 TI - "Fetal breathing" and the development of patterns of respiration before birth. PMID- 7221340 TI - State-related and developmental changes in laryngeal function. PMID- 7221341 TI - Nervous control of breathing during postnatal development in the kitten. PMID- 7221342 TI - Vulnerability to hypoxemia in the newborn. PMID- 7221343 TI - Waking and ventilatory responses during sleep in infants near-miss for sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7221344 TI - Sleep physiology, hypoxemia, and the sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7221345 TI - Obstruction of the upper airway as a mechanism of sudden infant death: evidence for a restricted nasal airway contributing to pharyngeal obstruction. PMID- 7221346 TI - Defective reflex responses to impeded breathing during quiet sleep or anesthesia in thiamine-deficient kittens and puppies. PMID- 7221347 TI - Gastro-esophageal reflux in "near-miss" sudden infant death infants in active but not quiet sleep. PMID- 7221348 TI - Quantitative analysis of sleep and sleep apnea before and after tracheostomy in patients with the hypersomnia-sleep apnea syndrome. PMID- 7221349 TI - Medroxyprogesterone treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 7221350 TI - Oropharyngeal muscle tone in obstructive sleep apnea before and after strychnine. PMID- 7221351 TI - Effects of duration at altitude and acetazolamide on ventilation and oxygenation during sleep. PMID- 7221352 TI - Killed and live poliovirus vaccines. PMID- 7221353 TI - Pulse dosing of antimicrobial drugs with special reference to bacampicillin. A symposium. Dorado Beach, Puerto Rico, May 8-9, 1980. PMID- 7221354 TI - Theory and applications of pulse dosing: a summary of the symposium. PMID- 7221355 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in serum and in dermal suction blisters after oral administration of bacampicillin. AB - After oral administration of 0.8 g of bacampicillin, the median concentration of ampicillin in serum peaked at 1-2 hr and reached 8.4 and 12.3 micrograms/ml in two groups of 13 and four healthy volunteers, respectively. In the fluid of dermal blisters produced by suction, the peak values were 2.6 and 2.7 micrograms/ml, respectively. After oral administration of 1.6 g of bacampicillin to four healthy individuals, the median peak concentrations were 15.5 micrograms/ml in serum and 3.8 micrograms/ml in blister fluid. The rate of penetration of ampicillin into the blister fluid was lower than the rate of gastrointestinal absorption of bacampicillin, and the elimination of ampicillin from the blister fluid was slower than from serum; the half-life in blister fluid was approximately twice that in serum. Concentrations of ampicillin in the blister fluid exceeded those in serum at greater than or equal to 3 hr. Concentrations of less than 0.7 micrograms/ml were observed in blister fluid 11 hr after administration of the dose. The bioavailability of ampicillin was relatively greater after a 1.6-g dose of bacampicillin than after a 0.8-g dose. Inflammation in the blister fluid that was induced by endotoxin, which provoked a strong cellular response but cased no increase in the concentration of protein in the fluid, did not significantly influence the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin. The results suggest that the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial agents in serum and in extravascular foci may be relevant to the setting of breakpoints between sensitivity and resistance of pathogens of antimicrobial agents. PMID- 7221356 TI - Pulse dosing with bacampicillin in treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7221357 TI - Clinical evaluation of single-dose oral bacampicillin or ampicillin in therapy of uncomplicated gonorrhea. AB - Two hundred twenty-eight patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea who returned for follow-up cultures were evaluated for determination of the efficacy of three different regimens of single-dose oral treatment. The regimens included 2.4 g of bacampicillin plus 1.0 g of probenecid, 1.6 g of bacampicillin plus 1.0 g of probenecid, and 3.5 g of ampicillin plus 1.0 g of probenecid. All three regimens were highly effective in the treatment of urogenital and rectal gonorrhea but often failed cure pharyngeal gonorrhea. The highest rate of adverse reactions was reported for patients treated with 2.4 g of bacampicillin plus probenecid. The efficacies of a single oral dose of 1.6 g of bacampicillin (molar equivalent, 1.1 g of ampicillin) plus probenecid and of 3.5 g of ampicillin plus probenecid in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea were equivalent as were the frequencies of adverse reactions to these two regimens. PMID- 7221358 TI - A comparative study of bacampicillin hydrochloride given twice a day and amoxicillin given three times a day for treatment of skin and soft tissue infections: preliminary observations. PMID- 7221359 TI - Kinetics of antimicrobial action. AB - To better quantify the relative antibacterial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics in vitro, mathematical descriptions of bacterial growth were developed. Growth curves for the initial 2-to 4-hr period of exposure to antibiotic can be expressed as quadratic functions of time. Moreover, the rate of change of growth (a) shows a linear dependence on the logarithm of the antibiotic concentration. For some drug-organism interactions, the initial growth rate (k0) is also a concentration-dependent variable. This mathematical quantitation of the antibacterial action of a drug in vitro covers a range of concentrations above and below its minimal inhibitory concentration. The slope of the regression line of a on log concentration may vary for different microorganisms and antibiotics. However, several analogues yield parallel concentration-effect slopes, a circumstance allowing for the calculation of potency ratios. Two murine models were used to determine if these in vitro studies could predict activity in vivo. The relative efficacy in vivo also was expressed as a potency ratio, which was measured in terms of the number of bacteria in either homogenized kidney after intravenous challenge or an infected thigh muscle. For drugs with similar pharmacokinetics, the potency in vivo could be predicted from the value in vitro. However, for drugs with concentration curves in serum of different shapes, the potency in vivo varied from the value in vitro. A more prolonged course of drug in serum, which yielded a flatter concentration curve, appeared to be associated with greater activity in vivo. PMID- 7221360 TI - Dosage schedules of antimicrobial agents: a historical review. AB - Methods that may be used to design rational dosage schedules of antimicrobial agents are reviewed. Most current schemes are empiric and have not been tested in humans by classic dose-response trials. In some instances, agents whose half lives in serum differ by as much as 10-to 18-fold are usually given at the same dosage, with the same interval between doses. New derivatives given less frequently may thus appear to be equal in effectiveness to the parent compound given on a standard dosage schedule. Basing of dosage schedules on achievable levels and pharmacokinetic behavior may not be satisfactory. The minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations are measured in vitro under static conditions that differ significantly from the in vivo environment. Dilution end points may cause further deviations from in vivo conditions because of the removal of constituents from serum and body fluid. Concentrations of drug in blood, body fluids, or urine do not necessarily reflect either the distribution of drug in tissues or the kinetics of interaction between the drug and the target microorganism. The lack of continuity in so-called discontinuous dosage is more apparent than real. A system of "kinetic buffers" exists in the body, and some microorganisms can attenuate the effect of intermittent doses. Intermittent dosage schedules are advantageous compared with continuous administration because of improved penetration of drug into tissues, convenience of administration, and better compliance among patients. The magnitude of the dose is limited by potential toxicity. Large doses may be wasteful if smaller amounts are equally effective. PMID- 7221361 TI - Intermittent or continuous therapy of experimental meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in rabbits: preliminary observations on the postantibiotic effect in vivo. AB - The relative effectiveness of bolus vs. constant intravenous administration of equivalent doses of penicillin G in killing bacteria in vivo was studied in a rabbit model of meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were obtained from 30 rabbits at intervals of less than or equal to 8 hr after treatment for determination of antibiotic concentrations and titers of viable bacteria in the CSF. When penicillin G was given by continuous infusion (10(5) units/hr after an initial 10(5)-unit loading dose), concentrations of drug in serum and CSF reached a steady state in 1 hr. With intermittent bolus administration of 4 x 10(5) units every 4 hr, higher peak and lower trough concentrations were achieved, and these concentrations paralleled those in the CSF. Although an initial acceleration in bactericidal rate was observed with the bolus infusion between the first and second hour of therapy, after the second hour the rate of bacterial killing was identical for the two methods of administration. The duration of therapy required for sterilization of the CSF was dependent only on the bacterial count before treatment and not on the mode of drug administration. The effect of single bolus intravenous administration of ampicillin was examined in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Ampicillin was given at various dosages (3.25-62.5 mg/kg), and frequent samples of CSF were obtained for determination of concentrations of pneumococci and ampicillin. A long postantibiotic effect was observed in the CSF of all animals, and this effect consistently was longer than that observed in vitro. PMID- 7221362 TI - [Parotid angioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221364 TI - [Correlation between the head shaking test, the test for the detection of nystagmus of cervical origin and caloric test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221365 TI - [The detection and electronystagmographic measurement of strabismus by the sagittal mask test during ocular following of a pendulum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221363 TI - [Paradoxal oculo-palpebral syncinesiae. Two cases of bilateral Friedenwald syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221366 TI - [The contribution of evoked visual potentials in the diagnosis of disseminated sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221367 TI - ["Cervical" nystagmus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221368 TI - [Degenerative disorders of the cerebellum and nystagmography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221369 TI - [Optokinetic reactivity in electronystagmography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221370 TI - [The electroretinogram and evoked visual potentials in conditions of the macula (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221371 TI - [Aspects of the control of vigilance during electronystagmographic examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221372 TI - [Placental lactogen in a group of normal pregnant women]. PMID- 7221374 TI - [Acute appendicitis in infancy: presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 7221373 TI - [Evaluation of the surgical treatment of tumors of the extra-hepatic bile ducts and head of the pancreas]. PMID- 7221375 TI - [Tumor transplant technic: experimental study in rats]. PMID- 7221376 TI - [Endemic goiter: consanguinity and occurrence of foreign-born ancestors]. PMID- 7221377 TI - [Behavior of the number of lysosomes in the placenta of pregnant rats subjected to acute stress and previously treated with 1-isopropylamino-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-2 propanol hydrochloride]. PMID- 7221378 TI - [Detection and identification of irregular anti-erythrocyte antibodies with the Groupamatic G 360. Adaptation to the routine]. AB - The screening of irregular red-cell antibodies on 20.200 recipient samples was carried out simultaneously on continuous flux AUTO-ANALYZER (LIP-bromeline) and GROUPAMATIC (TPC-bromeline). From results it appears: --an equivalent sensibility of both technologies to detect Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd antibodies; --a higher sensibility of Groupamatic to detect particularly Lewis and P1 antibodies; --a clear superiority of TPC compared to bromeline technique which is commonly used with Groupamatic. Small modifications of the standard TPC system allow to associate, in routine work, detection of irregular red-cell antibodies with other analyses, such as ABO Rh grouping and phenotyping. From this last point of view, a restricted test of coagglutination phenotyping has revealed to be very promising. PMID- 7221379 TI - [Interaction between normal A1 or A2 and B alleles in the AB heterozygote. Comparative study of European and African families]. AB - A comparative study of European and African families is described to demonstrate interaction between A1 and A1B, A2 and A2B, B and A1B, B and A2B phenotypes who have either the same A allele or the same B allele. The quantitation of the agglutination has been determined by the "agglutination percentage measurement". The following reagents were used: human anti-A and anti-B, anti-A1 extracted from Dolichos biflorus and anti-H serum extracted from Ulex europaeus. In the A1 and A1B families--who received the same A1 allele--a weaker agglutination by anti-A1 and anti-A is observed in A1B Africans. In the A2 and A2B families who received the same A2 allele, the agglutination with anti-A is depressed from A2 to A2B in the European and African populations. In the B and A1B families who received the same B allele, a weakened agglutination between B and A1B with anti-B is only observed for the A1B Europeans. In the B and A2B families who received the same B allele, there is no variation of the agglutination between B and A2B with anti-B. The H status is the same for European and African populations, although the B Africans had less H but more B than Europeans. The results of our study led to the observation that the Africans have H deficient or a strong B gene. Like SSEBABI, we think that a strong B gene is perhaps acting more intensely on H substrate than A1. PMID- 7221380 TI - [Erythrocyte phenotypes in Gabon. I. Hemotypologic data]. AB - Blood group antigens were investigated among 400 gabonese individuals subdivided in 6 ethnic groups. The frequencies were calculated and compared to those reported by MOURANT and al. on geographically close African populations. Our data enter the limits already known for a few antigens of ABO, Lewis, Rhesus, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNSs, P and Lutheran systems. In addition, we have observed some rare phenotypes: 12 S--s U--, 1 Lu(a--b--), 2 I negative and 7 Sc: --1. PMID- 7221381 TI - [Erythrocyte phenotypes in Gabon. II. Estimation of the gene frequencies of the ABO, MNSs, Rh, Lu and Jk systems in 6 ethnic Bantus and a Pygmy group in Gabon (Lower and Upper Ogooue regions)]. AB - There does not seem to be any noticeable difference between the various Bantu groups tests. One can note a higher frequency of the O gene in the High Ogooue (0,77) than in the Ogooue Lolo (0,73). The Powi group shows very few MSU or NSU alleles but because of the small number, no firm conclusions can be drawn. The collection of these Bantu populations is characterised by a high frequency of O, u, and Ro. The tested Pygmies match up with these characteristics and only differ from the Bantus by a very high frequency of u (0,33), especially of the MU haplotype, and by an increased frequency of Ro. The small number does not enable these differences to be considered as statistically valid. It should be noted that the Bawandji group is similar to the Pygmy group as regards ABO and Rhesus, i.e. a marked B and Ro frequency. PMID- 7221382 TI - [Clinical results of anti-HBs passive immunotherapy]. PMID- 7221383 TI - [Cryopreservation of platelets]. PMID- 7221384 TI - [The P system]. PMID- 7221386 TI - [Anti-Pr cold agglutinins]. PMID- 7221385 TI - [A case of T + Tk type-associated polyagglutinability]. PMID- 7221387 TI - A complete automatic procedure for the characterisation of irregular antibodies. AB - Computer equipment has been attached to a normal double channel AA. Is consists of a micro-computer, a printer, a mini-floppy disk system and an analog to digital conversion interface which is the link between the AA and the computer. This "assembly line" was designed with three aims in mind: 1) to complete the automation of the chain by means of computerized management of the sampling (and ultimately its identification); 2) to perform an automatic antibody screening and identification from the sampling to the editing of all possible solutions; 3) to insert this test into a larger computerized context which consists of an automatic management and selection of the test red blood cell panel. PMID- 7221388 TI - Perspectives and difficulties in the use of hybridomas in the study of blood groups. PMID- 7221389 TI - A manual semi-micro method for quantitation of haemagglutination. AB - A manual semi-micro method for quantitation of haemagglutination is described. It appears to be of wide use for most agglutination reactions usually performed in test tube, including Coombs-test. It is easy to handle and requires the usual equipment of an immunohaematological laboratory. The accuracy obtained for quantitation of antibody concentrations is similar to that of the auto-analyser. PMID- 7221390 TI - Observations on the blood group Sda activity of Tamm & Horsfall urinary glycoprotein. PMID- 7221391 TI - Serology, genetics and chemistry of the MNS blood group system. AB - The MNSs blood group gene locus apparently corresponds to two adjacent and homologous genes which code for the amino acid sequences of two (MN and Ss) erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins. The genes En, u and Mk represent alleles, silent at one or the other and at both loci, respectively. Amino acid polymorphisms at the first (Ser/Leu) and fifth (Gly/Glu) positions of the major (MN) glycoprotein account for the structural difference between the MN antigens. The N-terminal 26 residues of the Ss glycoprotein are completely identical with those of the blood group N-specific major glycoprotein, providing an explanation for the additional N receptor, denoted as 'N', on this molecule. A Met/Thr polymorphism at position 29 of the Ss glycoprotein represents the structural difference between the Ss antigens, as revealed by chemical modification experiments and sequence analysis. The Ux polymorphism, defined by a scarce serum (anti-Ux) directed against receptors within the homologous domains of the two glycoproteins, appears to be caused by differences in the Ss glycoprotein content between SS, Ss and ss red cells, rather than by an additional structural polymorphism on the Ss glycoprotein. The same explanation might also account for a further (Uz) polymorphism, defined by anti-Uz reacting with receptors which are located on a more interior portion of this molecule. Various factors such as the number of receptors per cell, their accessibility within the intact erythrocyte membrane as well as properties of the antibody (Uu genotype of the donor, method of absorption, the number of sites per antibody and its binding constant) contribute to the phenomenon that the capacity for reaction of the structurally identical N and 'N' antigens in intact red cells is different, thus enabling MN blood typing, despite the presence of 'N' receptors in MM erythrocytes. PMID- 7221392 TI - Assessment of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Symposium. PMID- 7221393 TI - [Bronchial hyperreactivity in miners with pneumoconiosis]. AB - Hyperreactivity of a pneumoconiotic origin may manifest itself either at the level of the lung parenchyma or at the bronchial site. It may induce either clinical patterns, such as those which occur in the bronchospastic disease in coal-miners, or be the cause of functional disturbances in particular positive responses to aspecific challenge tests with acetylcholine; finally it may produce some radiologic or endoscopic changes in the lungs. The precise role of the causal agent of pneumoconiosis is difficult to assess by comparison with the role of bronchitis, more precisely that of the small airway disease, or the action of the numerous air pollutants or eventually the intervention of an individual predisposition. Bronchial hyperreactivity in pneumoconiotics may not be assimilated to a purely immunological phenomenon. The various changes induced in the lungs by the pneumoconiosis, above all at the level of the bronchi, contribute to a multifactorial etiology of this hyperreactivity. A better understanding of the phenomenon might result from further biological investigation of the respiratory tract. PMID- 7221394 TI - Idiopathic protrusio acetabuli in juveniles. AB - Eight children, aged 9 to 15, referred to a juvenile rheumatology service on account of undiagnosed hip pain, were ultimately found to have idiopathic protrusio acetabuli (IPA). Clinical and radiographic findings were generally asymmetrical on presentation. Subsequent radiographs tended to lag behind a rapid deterioration in six patients, four of whom required bilateral total hip replacement during adolescence. Pain on full flexion and moderate adductor spasm in the contra-lateral hip proved a useful early sign for predicting bilateral disease. Six of eight patients were hypermobile. In three of five families investigated, symptom-free IPA was revealed in one or more first degree relatives. Histology early in the course in two cases showed a non-diagnostic inflammatory reaction in the sub-synovium. PMID- 7221395 TI - Chondromalacia of the patella: an unusual presentation. AB - A 38-year-old male with a 10-year history of recurrent ruptured popliteal cyst at the right knee was diagnosed at arthroscopy to have chondromalacia patellae. After shaving of the affected area he had no further symptoms on follow-up 18 months later. PMID- 7221396 TI - The assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis using a multivariate analysis. AB - A simple method of assessing 'index of disease activity' (IDA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using a multivariate analysis (MVA) comprising morning stiffness (MS), pain scale (PS), grip strength (GS), articular index (AI), haemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is described. The IDA of 99 patients with RA was assessed using MVA. The method could be used reliably and readily for random or longitudinal assessment, in drug trials and for comparing disease activity with other objective indices. PMID- 7221397 TI - Chronic sarcoid arthritis. AB - Sarcoidosis can involve almost any organ or tissue. The outcome may be clinical recovery with radiographic evidence of residua, impairment of function of organs involved, or a continued chronic course. This report is a patient who presented with chronic sarcoid arthritis without evidence of active disease in other organs, 20 years after sarcoidosis had been diagnosed. The clinical picture superficially resembled rheumatoid disease with keratoconjunctivitis sicca and basal lung fibrosis. PMID- 7221398 TI - Limb oedema and lymphadenopathy in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7221399 TI - Assessment of flexor tenosynovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Assessment of the effect of therapy-physical, surgical, or local corticosteroid injections-in the management of rheumatoid flexor tenosynotivitis has proved difficult. This paper describes a simple, accurate and reproducible method of documentation using a photocopying technique. Its application to a study of the role of hydrocortisone injections in the management of flexor tenosynovitis is presented. PMID- 7221400 TI - Gait analysis: a pilot study- a possible mode of assessment of lower limb function in juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - There is a need for some form of objective assessment of gait which can be used clinically. A method which measures the temporal and distance factors has been employed to assess the gait of patients. Variables have been selected which reflect the gait symmetry and others have been chosen which show the speed of walking and hos this is achieved. The method of presentation of results is discussed with particular attention to the use of these results in monitoring the progress of the patients. PMID- 7221401 TI - Evaluation of aids and equipment for the bath: II. A possible solution to the problem. AB - One hundred patients needing bath aids is leaving Leeds hospitals in 1978 were randomly allocated into control and treated groups. The former 50 patients received aids through the usual channels, the latter obtained bath aids immediately on discharge and were instructed in their use at home by the peripatetic occupational therapist. All were assessed independently at three to six months. Prompt, correct prescription of aids and supervision of their use in bathing shortly after discharge by a hospital-based occupational therapist resulted in safe bathing by all treated subjects. In contrast, only 82% of controls bathed, 50% of these from the seated position (compared with 90% of the treated group) and only 39% of controls received their aids within two weeks of discharge (compared with 74% of the treated group). PMID- 7221402 TI - Nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (natural history, treatment, and pathogenesis). AB - Nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus is a prototype for immune complex mediated renal disease in man. The renal manifestations are pleomorphic in their expression. In the past 35 years, the natural history of the disease and its response to treatment have been related to the renal histology seen when the patient was initially studied. Patients with normal kidneys and those with membranous nephropathy have five-year survivals that are excellent and uninfluenced by treatment. Patients with mesangial disease may be a heterogeneous population--those with deposits doing comparatively worse; focal and diffuse proliferative nephritis carry a poorer prognosis. Extensive studies in the relatively homogeneous NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mouse have led to a better understanding of human lupus nephritis. Critical factors in getting a good response involve not only selection of the appropriate drug but also its mode of administration and timing in relation to the course of the disease. Intelligent must be based on an understanding of etiopathogenesis. Recent studies have cast some light on the role of the mediators of inflammation, e.g. platelets, fibrinolysis, and the modulating role of the reticuloendothelial system. Future studies must take these into account in the discovery and evaluation of a new forms of therapy. PMID- 7221403 TI - Spectrum of platelet aggregation abnormalities in myeloproliferative diseases. AB - Several platelet abnormalities have been described in myeloproliferative diseases. The present study deals with 81 patients with polycythaemia vera, chronic myelogenous leukemia, essential thrombocythaemia and idiopathic myelofibrosis, and reports the analysis of the findings in platelet-induced aggregation. Platelet abnormalities induced by ADP, adrenaline and collagen were found in 41.9% of the patients. A defect of primary aggregation was documented in 13 cases and one of them showed an aggregation pattern similar to that of Glanzmann's disease. Fifteen patients had an impairment of secondary aggregation, and in one case of this group the platelet malondialdehyde and serotonin findings were consistent with a defect resembling that of typical congenital storage pool deficiency. A disturbance of the arachidonic acid pathways associated with a storage pool deficiency was found in a third patient belonging to a group with abnormalities of primary and secondary aggregation. In conclusion, platelets in myeloproliferative diseases have several defects and in a few cases their combination is similar to those of congenital diseases. PMID- 7221404 TI - Creatine kinase and myoglobin determination in myocardial infarction (determination of infant size). AB - In order to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic importance of serum myoglobin (Mb) determination during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) we determined the time of first rise of both CK and Mb, that is the time in hours between the onset of pain and the last normal myoglobin and enzyme determination (TFR for Mb = 2.2 +/- 1.5 h; TFR for CK = 4.0 +/- 2.5 h). We also attempted to evaluate infarct size by mathematical analysis of the serum concentrations of Mb. The average percentage difference between the infarct size calculated from the CK concentrations and Mb concentrations was 35.8 +/- 35.2%. The results show that the determination of serum myoglobin is a useful and sensitive test for the early diagnosis of AML. On the other hand, the serum myoglobin cannot be utilized to evaluate infarct size. The main limitation in the determination of infarct size from the serum Mb concentrations lies in the extreme variability of the disappearance rate (Kd), mainly resulting from the renal elimination of the substance. PMID- 7221405 TI - Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Fya (first case reported in Italy). AB - A new case of haemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Fya antibodies is described. The maternal alloimmunization was related to a previous blood transfusion. The patient, her previous child and the donor of the blood transfused were tested. Foetal condition was monitored by measuring bilirubin in amniotic fluid on three different occasions during pregnancy. The infant developed a mild haemolytic disease that required treatment only with phototherapy. PMID- 7221406 TI - Prolactin, estriol and progesterone levels in frequent blood samples throughout normal pregnancy (lack of prolactin pulsatile secretion). AB - The aim of this paper was to study the episodic fluctuations of circulating prolactin (PRL), estriol (E3) and progesterone (P4) concentrations throughout pregnancy. We examined 24 pregnant women; 21 were between the 28th and 40th week of gestation, and the other 3 in the 12th, 16th and 20th week of gestation. Blood samples were drawn every 5 min for half an hour, and every 15 min for one and a half hour. Blood samples were taken in two and three different weeks of gestation in 11 and 2 of the cases, respectively. Two normal non-pregnant women were also studied and used as controls. PRL, E3 and P4 were determined by radioimmunoassay in all the samples. The coefficients of variation of PRL values were 40 and 22.6%, respectively, in the two control women, 8, 12 and 9.8% in the pregnant women studied at the 12th, 16th and 20th week of gestation, respectively, while in the 21 cases studied during the third trimester the coefficient of variation was 8 +/- 3% (mean +/- SD). The coefficients of variation of the values obtained for E3 and P4 in women studied in he third trimester were 26 +/- 15 and 16 +/- 6% (Mean +/- SD), respectively. There was an increase in the average concentration of the three hormones in all the cases at two or three different weeks. We can conclude that E3 and P4 have a pulsatile secretion pattern throughout pregnancy, and that PRL looses its pulsatile secretion as from an early gestational age. Our results suggested that central mechanisms regulating PRL episodic fluctuations were altered during pregnancy. PMID- 7221407 TI - Circadian variations of plasma TSH in patients with severe hypothyroidism. AB - Five patients with severe hypothyroidism were studied to determine diurnal variations in serum TSH and thyroid hormones. The results were based on blood samples withdrawn at 1-h intervals during a 24-h period. A statistically significant circadian rhythm in TSH was detected with the acrophase at 23(30); no significant diurnal periodicity was observed for serum T3. The TSH pattern was similar to that observed in normal and midly hypothyroid subjects, with low levels during the day and higher levels at night. The findings are consistent with the following concepts: a. the TSH circadian rhythm is retained in patients with severe hypothyroidism; b. the abnormality in thyroid function does not effect the regulation of the TSH periodicity. PMID- 7221409 TI - [Exudative enteropathies in children]. PMID- 7221408 TI - Comparison of prolactin response to suckling and breast pump aspiration in lactating mothers. AB - Prolactin release following breast pump aspiration is less than that following suckling. The long-term effects of this decreased prolactin response are not yet known and therefore the use of the breast pump should be limited to selected cases and for the shortest possible time. PMID- 7221410 TI - [Irritable colon of the infant and the young child]. PMID- 7221411 TI - [Jejuno-ileal atresias]. PMID- 7221412 TI - [Esophageal atresia]. PMID- 7221414 TI - [Anal imperforation]. PMID- 7221413 TI - [Current aspects of gluten intolerance in children]. PMID- 7221415 TI - Clinical significance of vertigo symptoms in hypertension. PMID- 7221416 TI - Interrelation at plasmatic level between antiepileptic drugs and lipids. Its implications in the efficiency of treatment in epilepsy. II. Influence of some lipid changes upon treatment with phenobarbital or/and diphenylhydantoin. PMID- 7221418 TI - Personality inventory for psychopathologic use. Preliminary data. PMID- 7221417 TI - Psychic manifestations in 117 young women of Bucharest after March 4, 1977 earthquake. PMID- 7221421 TI - [Spondylodiskitis disclosing a primary immune deficiency in an adult]. PMID- 7221422 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of infectious osteoarthritis]. AB - Infection of the joint with pyogenic organisms usually causes purulent arthritis the prognosis of which is linked to the severity of the bone, cartilage and ligamentous destruction. The tissue response to infection is moreover influenced by a certain number of factors such as the nature of the bacteria and, above all, the circumstances of onset of the infections. Considering the difficulties in diagnosis, special mention should be made of bone and joint infections with a torpid course. PMID- 7221419 TI - [Use of experimental models in osteoarticular infections]. AB - Animal experimental models are necessary to study a certain number of factors affecting the course and treatment of bone and joint infections: virulence of the bacteria, presence of foreign bodies or blood-stained effusion, administration of corticosteroids, mode of action of antibiotics. Whereas the penetration of antibiotics within the joint is excellent, it is variable during bony infections and the association of two bactericidal antibiotics and prolonged treatment are necessary to sterilise the infected bone. Although the information supplied by experimental models may be fundamental, it cannot be extrapolated to man without certain precautions. PMID- 7221420 TI - [Value of the assay of anti-alpha-staphylolysins and anti-gamma-staphylolysins in the diagnosis of staphylococcal infections, especially osteoarticular infections. Apropos of 144 cases of bacteriologically confirmed staphylococcal infections]. PMID- 7221423 TI - [What can be expected from bone scintigraphy in the exploration of microbial spondylodiskitis and osteoarthritis?]. PMID- 7221424 TI - [Bacterial spondylodiskitis. Diagnostic problems]. AB - The authors carried out 193 needle aspiration of needle biopsies of the discs or vertebrae in 7 French Rheumatology Units to draw up the bacteriological diagnosis in infectious spondylodiscitis. The bacteria were identified in 62.7% of cases on average, the score of the most favourable series reaching 80%. No incident or accident was observed. These results, which are definitely better than direct surgical exposure, suggest the widespread adoption of this technique before any antibiotic therapy whenever spondylodiscitis is suspected. However, a prospective study with a uniform protocol seems necessary in order to draw up more precisely the value and limits of the method. PMID- 7221426 TI - [Candida albicans spondylodiskitis. Value of disk puncture]. PMID- 7221425 TI - [Deep bone biopsy using a trocar under television radioscopy in vertebral disk infections]. PMID- 7221427 TI - [Lumbar epiduritis disclosing brucellar spondylodiskitis]. PMID- 7221428 TI - [Difficult differential diagnosis in spondylodiskitis : erosive and pseudotubercular disk arthroses]. PMID- 7221429 TI - [Articular infections in adults. Peripheral and vertebral involvement with common bacteria and tubercle bacteria]. AB - 2,166 cases of joint infection in adults were reviewed during a national inquiry. The peripheral infections due to common germs (1,080 cases) and tubercle bacilli (260 cases) were characterised by their frequency after the age of 60, the role of corticotherapy in onset of the infection and the predominance of staphylococci (60%) in pyogenic infections, the low proportion of deaths (4%) and the necessity of early treatment to observe better functional results. The vertebral lesions due to common bacteria (491 cases) were mainly localised in the lumbar regions (70%) whereas tuberculous infections (335 cases) usually affect the lower dorsal vertebrae (50%). Neurological signs and abscess were more frequent during tuberculous involvement. Needle puncture of the vertebral focus should be recommended owing to its help in etiological diagnosis. A cure was generally obtained without operation in the form of complete or incomplete block, this appearance is, however, less frequent than radiological signs of fixed osteolysis. The mortality is just as low as in peripheral infections. PMID- 7221430 TI - [Non-tuberculous infectious coxitis in adults]. AB - A multicentric study permitted us to report 94 cases of non-tuberculous infections of the hip joint in the adult (13.4% of the cases of septic arthritis observed over the same period). A local predisposing factor (37.2%) and/or general predisposing factors (22.6%) were frequently noted. The routine search for bacteria permits identification of the latter in 71.3% of cases; the germ was usually a staphylococcus, arthritis due to Gram negative bacilli were found in 12% of the cases. The authors emphasize the interest of daily joint aspiration and traction on the lower limb associated with bactericidal antibiotic therapy which are the only means able, in their view, to improve the poor functional prognosis in these cases of hip joint infections. PMID- 7221431 TI - [Infectious sacroiliitis. Multicenter study of 214 cases]. AB - Out of 214 cases of infective sacro-ileitis observed on Rheumatology Units, 65% were due to common bacteria, 25% were tuberculous and 10% due to brucellosis. Post-partum infections were early, severe and often due to streptococci. Sacrocoxalgia was accompanied in 50% of cases by another focus of active tuberculosis. Two clinical presentations are possible, either that of acute sacro ileitis with a sudden onset, severe pain, frank infection and major impotence which is common in infections due to current bacteria; or the presentation may be that of subacute sacro-ileitis with progressive onset with little or no fever, pain and moderate impotence which may be due to any bacteria. Identification of the responsible organism depends on blood culture, bacterial sampling at the point of entry of the infection but, above all, direct swab or preferably needle biopsy. Bone scan may demonstrate early hyperfixation in the absence of any radiological signs. Prolonged antibiotic treatment is sufficient in most cases. PMID- 7221432 TI - [Role of the bacteriology laboratory in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis]. AB - The etiological diagnosis of bone and joint infections, the choice of antibiotics adapted to the responsible bacteria and the supervision of their efficacy depend mainly on the bacteriology laboratory. A routine search for the causal bacteria in various samples, e.g. synovial fluid, blood cultures, synovial biopsy, inter vertebral disc puncture, permit etiological diagnosis in about 80% of cases. The choice of antibiotics, limited to those whose synovial and bony diffusion is known, depends on the results of in vitro studies of sensitivity of the isolated bacteria (CMI and CMB) and of the bactericidal power of the associations. The measurement of the inhibitory power or concentrations of antibiotic in synovial fluid and serum give an indication of the efficacy of the treatment. PMID- 7221433 TI - [Technic of trocar percutaneous puncture biopsy of the sacroiliac joint in the bacteriological and histological diagnosis of sacroiliitis]. PMID- 7221434 TI - [Deep bone biopsy using a trocar under television radioscopy in sacroiliac arthritis]. PMID- 7221435 TI - [Pubic and ischio-pubic osteitis. Bacteriological and histopathological study of the pubic bone]. AB - The authors present 11 cases of pubic or ischio-pubic osteitis of which ten had undergone bone biopsy by aspiration, needle biopsy, or surgery. In 7 cases, a germ was isolated by culture of the bone sample. In 2 cases, there were purulent and necrotic lesions on pathological examination of the fragment. In 6 cases, the bony lesions were mainly of the marrow with fibrosis and lymphocyte-plasma cell infiltration. In 5 of these 6 biopsies, the bacterial culture was positive. This subacute mononuclear osteitis may thus be a variety of bacterial osteitis. All the patients were treated with antibiotics which seemed necessary. PMID- 7221436 TI - [Inoculation spondylodiskitis]. AB - An enquiry on French rheumatology units permitted the authors to collect 122 cases of inoculation spondylodiscitis from 1967 to 1979, whereas over the same period were observed on these units 793 cases of spontaneous non-tuberculous spondylodiscitis. There were also 10 cases of spondylodiscitis after discography. Discal curettage was the most frequent cause. The staphylococcus is the germ most commonly encountered. The course is on the whole favourable, without clinical sequelae and a radiological blockage only occurred in 25 cases. PMID- 7221437 TI - [Spontaneous septic arthritis during rheumatoid polyarthritis. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 7221440 TI - [Gonococcal arthritis]. AB - Gonococcal arthritis, a rare complication of gonorrhoea, more frequent in women, causes polyarthritis in 75% of cases or monoarthritis. An erythematous skin rash or acute pustular rash (40%), recent signs of genital infection (75% of cases in man, less than 50% in women) suggest the diagnosis. The gonococcal nature of the arthritis is confirmed by isolation of the germ in the joint fluid, the blood and the skin biopsies. In about half the cases, these bacteriological investigations are negative, but the diagnosis remains very probable if the germ is isolated from one or other of the primary foci of the infection: ureter, cervix, vagina, rectum and even pharynx. The rapidly favourable course under antibiotic treatment with penicillin or ampicillin confirms the diagnosis. The pathogenesis of arthritis is a direct toxic action of the gonococcus on the synovial membrane and the periarticular structures. The role of circulating immune complexes recently demonstrated in gonococcemia is probably not relevant. PMID- 7221439 TI - [Subacute monoarthritis of the knee disclosing chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis of the adult. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7221438 TI - [2 cases of Yersinia enterocolitica arthritis with demonstration of the germ intra-articularly]. PMID- 7221442 TI - [Chronic brucella monoarthritis of the limbs excluding coxitis. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7221441 TI - [Osteoarticular manifestations of brucellosis. Current aspects]. AB - The authors report 118 cases of brucella osteoarthritis, of which 61 were observed over the last ten years. The most frequent localisations are spinal (53.4%), sacro-iliac (34.5%) and coxofemoral (15.5%). The clinical aspects are not very specific. The general signs, frequent during coxitis and to a lesser degree in spondylodiscitis, are rare during sacro-iliac involvement. The radiological appearance is mainly characteristic in the spine. The diagnosis is usually made in the laboratory, depending on a search for specific antibodies and delayed hypersensitivity tests. Treatment requires the use of intra-tissular and intra-cellular penetrating antibiotics (tetracycline and rifampicin) administered for a long period. The course usually leads to a cure without sequelae. PMID- 7221443 TI - [Fungal osteoarthritis]. AB - Two large groups of bone and joint mycoses should be recognised: fungal osteoarthritis due to blood spread and osteoarthritis due to traumatic inoculation. The authors report data in the literature and the experience of the Mycology unit of the Pasteur Institute. In the first group, one may recognise a category of cosmopolitan, opportunist fungi (Candida, cryptococcus) becoming grafted on a background of iatrogenic factors, in particular, Candida albicans arthritis of the newborn (2 new cases have been added to 12 already described in the literature) and osteoarthritis (17 cases) and candida spondylodiscitis (1 recent case out of 8 described in the literature). Out of 39 cases of cryptococcosis at various levels, in 7 cases we observed bony localisations in recent years. Another category consisted of mycoses due to dimorphic exotic fungi in the first place, african histoplasmosis due to H. Duboisii (73 cases of osteitis out of 179). The group of osteoarthritis by traumatic inoculation consists mainly of fungal mycetomas and actinomycoses, occasionally sporotrichosis; recently we have observed for the first time in the literature an arthritis due to a black fungus similar to Beauveria sp. The immunological reactions (immunoelectrophoresis) may be useful for the diagnosis and assessment of the efficacy of treatment. Present treatment is based on the routine use of antifungal agents: e.g. amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, imidazole derivatives (Ketoconazole) according to the sensitivity of the fungi. PMID- 7221444 TI - [Misleading bony images during digital pasteurella infections. From the periosteal border to the pseudotumoral image]. PMID- 7221445 TI - [Septic staphylococcal monoarthritis complicated by post-staphylococcal inflammatory polyarthritis]. PMID- 7221446 TI - [Medical treatment of osteoarticular tuberculosis]. AB - The authors report 45 personal cases observed over the last ten years, from a series of 520 cases collected during a multi-centre enquiry of the French Society of Rheumatology and a review of the literature; they discuss the present tendencies in the treatment of bone and joint tuberculosis. Antibiotic and chemotherapy uses drugs which are more and more effective, easier and easier to manipulate, ensuring in almost all cases a lasting cure with frequent conservation of joint function, shortening the natural course of the disease, and preventing or curing its complications. The role of surgery thus becomes more restricted, the period of rest may be shortened and it may becomes less strict in many cases; on the other hand, physiotherapy is becoming more important in this treatment. As for the possibility of shortening antibiotic therapy, and although the experience obtained from lung tuberculosis is encouraging, the absence of comparably large series in bone and joint tuberculosis should make one circumspect. PMID- 7221447 TI - [The use of antibiotic treatment in osteoarticular infections]. AB - The authors emphasise the interest of identification of the germ during bone and joint infections, and recall the main data, often fragmentary, one the diffusion of antibiotics into bone. Concerning the practical use of antibiotics, they emphasise the necessity of basing their treatment on bacteriological examinations before choosing an association of two antibiotics, the effect of which will be regularly assessed by a study of the bactericidal power of the serum. PMID- 7221448 TI - [General management of non-tuberculous osteoarticular infections excluding antibiotherapy]. PMID- 7221451 TI - [Treatment of post-infective arthropathies with local corticosteroid therapy. 8 cases]. PMID- 7221450 TI - [Results of treatment of non-gonococcal pyogenic arthritis in adults seen in a rheumatology department from 1972 to 1980]. PMID- 7221449 TI - [Osmic acid synoviorthesis in non-tuberculous osteoarticular infections]. PMID- 7221452 TI - [Role of surgery in the treatment of pyogenic articular infections]. PMID- 7221453 TI - [Papineau-type operation in chronic staphylococcal arthritis of the sacro-iliac area]. PMID- 7221454 TI - [Results of the cytological examination of the synovial fluid in various arthropathies]. AB - 329 synovial fluids from various joint diseases were examined. 95% of the fluids from arthrosis contained less than 1 000 cells/ml, figure which seemed to us to be the limit which separates arthrosis from arthritis. Above 100.000 cells/ml, the diagnosis is always pyogenic arthritis. Between 50.000 and 100.000 cells/ml, one may find pyogenic arthritis but also a few cases of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic rheumatism, gout and pseudo-gout. In chondrocalcinosis, the fluid variable, often poor in cells. The percentage of polymorphs is of little diagnostic interest; it exceeds 50% in all cases of pyogenic arthritis. R.A. cells are almost constant in fluids with more than 1 000 cells/ml and their diagnostic interest is not great. PMID- 7221455 TI - [Pseudo-tumoral osteolysis of the femur in chronic lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 7221456 TI - [Stress fractures after tibial osteotomy]. PMID- 7221457 TI - [Hyperthyroid fibrocystic osteitis]. PMID- 7221458 TI - [Polymyositis induced by D-penicillamine]. PMID- 7221459 TI - [Meralgia paresthetica of canal origin]. PMID- 7221460 TI - [Cervical bony erosion by a loop of the vertebral artery]. PMID- 7221461 TI - [Algodystrophy, osteonecrosis. Histological similarity. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7221462 TI - [Tuberculinization of a total hip prosthesis presenting a staphylococcal infection]. PMID- 7221463 TI - [Paralysis of the 2 abducens nerves in non-excreting myeloma]. PMID- 7221464 TI - [Protein quality of diets evaluated according to FAO 1968 and FAO 1973 standards]. PMID- 7221465 TI - [Birth-weight distribution in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 7221466 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of gonorrhea in patients at the de Paula Souza Health Center of the University of Sao Paulo School of Public Health (1974-1978)]. PMID- 7221468 TI - [Phonoaudiology in public health: preliminary appraisal of a pioneer experience in Sao Paulo (Brazil)]. PMID- 7221467 TI - [Evaluation of the criteria of visual screening in students of the 1st grade of elementary school]. PMID- 7221469 TI - [Susceptibility of Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) of Piripiri (Piaui, Brazil) to 2 strains of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907]. PMID- 7221470 TI - [Occurrence of natural infection of Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 in Lymnaea columella Say, 1817 in the Paraiba River Valley, Brazil]. PMID- 7221471 TI - [Post-vaccinal tuberculin sensitivity and its irrelevance to BCG revaccination]. PMID- 7221472 TI - [Problems hampering the implementation of health planning]. PMID- 7221473 TI - [Kala-azar in a specialized ward in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 7221474 TI - [Tuberculosis: double intradermal test. Its use in public health and in the diagnostic elucidation. Preliminary note]. PMID- 7221475 TI - Changes in serum levels of cobalamin and cobalamin analogues in folate deficiency. AB - The recent introduction of radioassays for 'true' cobalamin, as opposed to cobalamin and its analogues, has resulted in significantly lower levels of cobalamin being found in patients with folate deficiency. In study of 81 patients, cobalamin analogue levels were found to increase and cobalamin to decrease as red cell folates decreased. Cobalamin absorption studies in 15 patients with low cobalamin and folate levels were found to be normal in 10 patients, all of whom demonstrated high levels of analogues relative to true cobalamin. We have found that the mean serum cobalamin increased from 210 ng/l (range 100-380) to 309 (150-470) and analogues fell from 226 ng/l (150-280) to 127 (65-190) in folate deficient patients when treated with folic acid. It appears that cobalamin analogue concentrations are increased in folate deficiency, and that in these patients treatment with folic acid alone may correct both the low cobalamin and the high analogue levels. PMID- 7221476 TI - The euglobulin clot lysis time, a rapid and sensitive method for the assay of fibrinolytic activity after venous stasis. AB - For the estimation of fibrinolytic activity in euglobulin precipitates after venous stasis, the euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) proved to be as reproducible and probably even more sensitive than the fibrin plate method (FP). Furthermore, when euglobulin precipitates from 55 healthy individuals and 36 patients with thromboembolic disease were examined, a good correlation between the two methods was observed. The present observations indicate that the ECLT is suitable for routine screening of fibrinolytic activity after venous stasis. PMID- 7221477 TI - Platelet-associated IgG in acute and chronic hepatic diseases. AB - In order to investigate the role of an immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in hepatic patients, we measured platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) in 84 patients with various hepatic diseases. Increased PAIgG levels were found in 84% of patients with chronic active hepatitis (mean 21.32 +/- 8.45 fg/platelet) and in 75% of those with cirrhosis with hepatitis (mean 17.3 +/- 11.2 fg/platelet). In these patients there was no significant correlation between PAIgG and platelet count. Increased PAIgG amounts were also observed in some patients with inactive cirrhosis (18%). Normal PAIgG values were found in all patients with acute viral hepatitis and chronic persistent hepatitis. An immunologic mechanism may play a role in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in hepatic patients. Furthermore, measurement of PAIgG may have a great usefulness in the differential diagnosis of chronic hepatic diseases. PMID- 7221478 TI - Is staging laparotomy of therapeutic value in patients with supradiaphragmatic Hodgkins's disease, clinical stage IA-IIA? AB - Between 1968 and 1972, 123 patients with clinical stage (CS) IA and IIA Hodgkin's disease were seen. Staging laparotomy was introduced in June 1970. The impact of staging laparotomy on the prognosis has been evaluated by comparing the treatment results before and after the introduction of this procedure. The patients were treated only on the basis of CS before staging laparotomy, and mainly on the basis of pathological stage (PS) after the introduction of this procedure. Patients with stage IA to IIIA disease received radiotherapy alone with the extended field techniques, while patients with stage IVA disease had combination chemotherapy. After an observation time of 7 years there was no difference in survival between the two groups. The relapses occurred earlier in the patients treated after the introduction of staging laparotomy. It is known that the survival is unaffected by staging laparotomy in the patients with Hodgkin's disease CS IA and IIA. PMID- 7221479 TI - Hydrocortisone, platelet aggregation and platelet prostaglandin metabolism. PMID- 7221480 TI - Experience with the modified Ragnell mammaplasty. PMID- 7221481 TI - Deliberate arterial hypotension in plastic surgery for the reduction of hypertrophic breast: a critical appraisal of surgical ischaemia and haemodynamic changes during sodium nitroprusside infusion. AB - Deliberate hypotension was used to attain surgical haemostasis in thirteen patients undergoing plastic and reconstructive surgery on breast, with an 0.01% sodium nitroprusside (SNP) infusion and concomitant deep neuroleptanaesthesia. The mean surgical haemorrhage was 217 ml in the hypotensive group and when compared with a group of 13 normotensive patients, in whom the average blood loss was 688 ml, the difference was highly significant. A continuous monitoring of the changes in the circulatory dynamics, by electrical impedance plethysmography which was sustained before, during and after the application of SNP, revealed considerable enhancement in the cardiac output as well as the peripheral blood flow of all patients investigated. There was a moderate increase in the stroke volume of a majority of patients. The total systemic resistance was greatly diminished in all the patients submitted to hypotensive anaesthesia with nitroprusside. The clinical criteria were also compared with another group of fourteen patients where arfonad (trimetaphan) was employed to induce hypotension. The difference in bleeding between the two hypotensive groups was insignificant. Neither sodium nitroprusside nor arfonad induced hypotension necessitated any blood transfusion, during or after the surgery. PMID- 7221482 TI - Biopsy and prognosis for cutaneous malignant melanomas in clinical stage I. AB - The material comprises 225 patients. In 79 patients 35.1%) the tumour was closely excised and in a few cases biopsied before the patients underwent radical surgery. 146 patients were radically operated primarily. These two groups of patients are comparable with regard to sex, distribution of tumours on anatomical sites and the distribution of tumours with a given histological classification. We have ascertained that neither excision biopsy nor non-radical operation influences the prognosis if followed by radical operation within about 3 weeks. PMID- 7221484 TI - Ectoprostheses in the treatment of facial defects: an analysis of a 7-year material. AB - The article presents the experiences based on facial ectoprostheses over a period of seven years. The material consists of 23 cases, 12 women and 11 men. In 19 cases the facial defects were caused by a malignant neoplasm, in 2 cases by a chronic infection and in 2 cases as a result of trauma. The age of the patients ranged from 23 to 83 years with a dominance in the sixth and seventh decade. The mean age was 62.9 years. The prosthetic problems and solutions are discussed in detail. The usefulness of the facial ectoprostheses is evaluated to be adequate, both in technologic and biologic respect. PMID- 7221485 TI - The need for replantation centers in view of the incidence of traumatic amputations. AB - During one year a total of 451 amputations in 360 patients were registered by the Danish National Accident Insurance to which all such accidents must be reported, all except 6 of these were finger amputations. An attempt is made to estimate the candidates for replantation surgery in Denmark. Following a somewhat restricted policy the number may be no more than twenty-five to thirty-five per year. This calls for limitation of the numbers of centers which deal with such accidents. PMID- 7221483 TI - Experience with the deltopectoral flap. AB - One hundred and three non-delayed deltopectoral flaps were used for head and neck reconstruction in 86 patients. A retrospective analysis to detect factors with negative influence on the reconstruction resulted in two significant risk factors (p less than 0.05): irradiated recipient site and internal location of recipient site. The flap failure rate was not significantly affected by variations in flap length, age, sex or concomitant diseases. The mean stay in hospital was 10 weeks and was significantly prolonged for patients having had radiotherapy, internal reconstructions or flap failure (p less than 0.05). PMID- 7221486 TI - Long-term study of the microvascular sleeve anastomosis: an experimental study in the rabbit renal artery. AB - A long-term study of 5 sleeve anastomoses in rabbit renal arteries was performed. Six months postoperatively angiography, light microscopy and electron microscopy was carried out. Good long-term function of the anastomoses without any stenoses or aneurysm formation was obtained. It was concluded from this study in rabbits that the sleeve technique is suitable for microvascular anastomosis and that good long-term function can be obtained. PMID- 7221487 TI - Burns unit in Stockholm: a report on patients treated 1971--1975 for acute burn injuries. AB - A review of 297 burn patients treated 1971--1975 is presented to illustrate burn problems in a West European, mainly urban population. Patients were treated by exposure and warm dry air. Tubbing usually started five days after injury. Sequential wound revisions were performed. Surgical excision was usually delayed until days 14--21. Autografting was performed as soon as possible. For temporary cover homografts were frequently used. The majority of the patients were adults. Twelve per cent were older than 65 years. The patients revealed many social problems. Cardiopulmonary disease, mental disorder and alcohol or drug addiction were fairly common. The most common cause of the burn was fire and a majority of the patients sustained injuries in leisure time. 28% were classified as due to accident. 43% were considered diagnosed in 17 patients (5.7%). Five patients died due to septicemia. PMID- 7221488 TI - Flexor tendon specimens in organ cultures. AB - The healing process of sectioned and subsequently sutured rabbit tendon segments was studied over a period of 3 weeks, using an organ culture technique. In one series, the tendon specimens were exposed to a chemically defined culture medium for nutrition. In two control series, the specimens were kept in the synovial cavity of the knee joint for varying periods of time, before being transferred to the culture medium. The tendons remained viable in the medium. The superficial tendon cells demonstrated the morphological characteristics of fibroblasts, but cellular fibroplasia could not be detected. The two control series subjected to synovia prior to transfer into the culture medium showed superficial repair similar to the findings in previous studies on healing capacity of tendon nourished by synovia. The investigation supports the hypothesis that superficial tendon cells are fibroblasts with a potential for repair and that synovia is an efficient nutrient medium. Thus, the beneficial effects on repair exercised by the tendon sheath function should be utilized in flexor tendon surgery. PMID- 7221489 TI - Radius shortening in malacia of the lunate. AB - Eight patients with malacia of the lunate treated by shortening of the radius have been reviewed after follow-up ranging from 2 to 7 years. The results were highly satisfactory and only one patient with fragmentation and collapse of the diseased bone did not obtain long-lasting pain relief. In all cases the progressive collapse of the lunate was arrested, an effect which is considered to be the result of reduced pressure on the lunate obtained by the radius shortening procedure. PMID- 7221491 TI - Iatrogenic pronator syndrome: case report. AB - A case of congenital radio-ulnar synostosis with functional disability due to fixation of the forearm in maximal pronation was operated on with a rotational osteotomy in the proximal third of the forearm. Within four days postoperatively a total paralysis of the median nerve gradually developed. The median nerve was therefore explored and found to be strongly compressed by the stretched pronator teres and the superficialis bridge which were sectioned. Full motor and sensory recovery gradually occurred. PMID- 7221492 TI - Dislocation of the triquetrum: case report. AB - A case of closed anterior dislocation of the triquetrum is reported. Because of delayed diagnosis the patient was not operated until four months after the injury, when the bone was excised. At follow-up 19 months later the power of grip was slightly reduced but the movements were unimpaired and the hand was painfree. PMID- 7221493 TI - Good response to D-penicillamine in IgA-deficient rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7221490 TI - The trapezius myocutaneous flap used for closure of pharyngeal fistulas. AB - A procedure for the closure of pharyngeal fistulas utilizing an upper trapezius myocutaneous flap is described. The anatomical basis of the flap is reviewed. The operative technique is described and applied in 2 cases. The excellent vascularity of the flap is stressed. PMID- 7221494 TI - Inhibitory effect on bone formation and calcification exerted by the anti inflammatory drug ibuprofen. An experimental study on adult rat with fracture. AB - The anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen (2-(4-isobutylfenyl)propionic acid) was administered to adult male rats for 10 weeks in daily oral doses of 16 mg. Fractured and unfractured tibias were studied during 4 to 10 weeks' treatment by the use of microradiography, fluorescence labelling and biochemistry. New bone formation was observed to be inhibited on endosteal surfaces of the tibia when treated with ibuprofen, which also diminished the amount of cortical bone (almost significantly). However, the bone area and the new bone formation of periosteal callus and on periosteal surfaces of tibia was not influenced by the treatment. The chemical composition of fractured and unfractured bone was significantly altered and showed a reduced ratio of hydroxyproline/nitrogen as well as an inhibition of calcification of bone matrix with a reduced calcium/nitrogen ratio followed by an increased ratio of hexosamine/DNA and RNA-ribose/DNA after treatment with ibuprofen. The inhibition of new bone formation and calcification of bone in adult rat exerted by ibuprofen may be explained as a direct effect on bone-forming cells on endosteal bone surfaces. PMID- 7221496 TI - Characterization of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in rheumatoid synovial fluid. AB - Synovial fluids of 15 rheumatoid arthritis patients, 11 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients, and 6 patients with other chronic inflammatory joint diseases were studied. The isolated mononuclear cells, mainly monocyte/macrophages and lymphocytes, were preincubated overnight and then cultured with antibody sensitized 51Cr-labelled chicken erythrocytes. There was no significant difference in the cytotoxicity between mononuclear cells from synovial fluid and peripheral blood of the patients. Depletion of adherent cells of the mononuclear cell suspensions by nylon wool column fractionation or by incubation on plastic dishes and depletion of cells which had phagocytosed colloidal iron had no substantial effect on the cytotoxicity whereas depletion of cells forming rosettes with human erythrocytes sensitized with human IgG (EA-RFC) practically abolished the activity. This shows that in rheumatoid synovial fluids the net effect of monocyte/macrophages in this in vitro antibody-dependent cytotoxic assay is small. Thus, the main effector cells in these mononuclear cell suspensions are lymphocytes which probably exhibit surface-bound Fc-receptors. PMID- 7221498 TI - Clinical experience with the Kay-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis: an eleven-year follow-up study. AB - A total of 63 patients, who survived mitral valve replacement with the Kay- Shiley caged disc mitral valve prosthesis, were followed for 11 years by single clinic group to assess long-term results post valve replacement. Sixty-one patients (97%) received a muscle guard type Kay--Shiley prosthesis. All patients received oral anticoagulation therapy. The valvular damage was caused by rheumatic disease in 51 patients, infectious endocarditis in six patients, myxomatous degeneration in two patients, coronary artery disease in two patients, and idiopathic ruptured chordae tendineae in two patients. Late death occurred in 21 patients (33%); the 10-year actuarial survival was 65%. Twenty-six patients had at least one thromboembolic event, and the total number of thromboembolic events was 10.3 per 1000 patient months. Two patients developed prosthetic valve endocarditis. Both patients were heroin addicts and died of valve ring abscess. Long-term periods of clinical observation are necessary to assess the effects and benefits of prosthetic valve implantation. These data are important for comparison with other "10-years" valves. PMID- 7221497 TI - Follow-up study of 6 children presenting with a MCTD-like syndrome. AB - Since 1974 we have observed 6 children presenting with symptoms, signs and serology consistent with a MCTD-like syndrome. During this observation period (3 6 years) 3 children developed a severe disease, 2 of them contracted glomerulonephritis and one digital vasculitis. On the basis of the presenting symptoms the course of the disease was not predictable. The prognostic implications of the MCTD syndrome might therefore be questioned. PMID- 7221495 TI - Synovial fluid hydroxyproline fractions before and after osmic acid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Synovial fluid total, dialysable and non-dialysable hydroxyproline were determined in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis before intra-articular osmic acid injection and on days 2 and 4 after this local treatment. On day 2 the increase in dialysable hydroxyproline paralleled the increase in non-dialysable hydroxyproline. Patients with the highest pre-treatment dialysable hydroxyproline levels also had the highest levels of this fraction on day 2 suggesting that articular damage proceeds after osmic acid injection. However, on day 4 dialysable hydroxyproline levels were consistently lower than before the treatment; the same pattern was observed with non-dialysable hydroxyproline, except for all the joints but one, where effusion recurred 6-12 months after osmic acid treatment. This study suggests that the determination of synovial fluid non-dialysable levels 4 days after osmic acid injection may provide a clue to the prediction of recurrent joint effusion and possibly justify a complementary injection either with osmic acid or with a beta-emitting isotope. PMID- 7221501 TI - Dissecting aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. AB - Twenty-eight cases of dissecting aneurysms of the thoracic aorta in patients with hypertension, syphilis, Marfan's syndrome and with unknown aetiology are analyzed with regard to the origins and extent of the dissection angiographically. The most common symptoms and evident radiological findings of the plain radiographs of the chest are stressed. The prognosis depends on the type of dissection. PMID- 7221500 TI - The effect of a nylon mesh blood filter in the arterial line during extracorporeal circulation. AB - Forty patients with different cardiac diseases underwent perfusion with the Shiley bubble oxygenator without a filter in the arterial line (Group A). This group was compared with a similar group of patients (Group B), in whom an Intersept nylon mesh filter was used in the arterial line. There were no differences according to age, weight or duration of perfusion between the two groups. The average postoperative bleeding via the chest tubes was 361 ml/m2 B.S.A./24 hours in group A compared with 414 in group B (p less than 0.05). One patient in the filter group died on the table because of myocardial failure, while the remaining 79 patients could leave hospital alive. One patient in each group showed impaired consciousness, but no other neurological complications were recorded in the patients. There were no significant differences in haematocrit, B haemoglobin or leucocyte counts after 15 min, 1 hour, at the end of perfusion or 1 hour, respectively 24 hours postoperatively. The platelet count after 1 hour of perfusion was 55.8 x 10(9)/l in the filter group compared with 80.4 x 10(9)/l in group A (p less than 0.05), there were, however, no significant differences in B platelet counts at the end of perfusion or later. Our study showed that a nylon mesh filter in the arterial line can reduce the platelet count. As no measureable advantages were found in the filter group we cannot recommend an arterial line filter. PMID- 7221499 TI - Comparison of Kay's and de Vega's annuloplasty in surgical treatment of tricuspid incompetence. Clinical and haemodynamic results in 62 patients. AB - This paper compares the late results of Kay's and de Vega's annuloplasty in the management of tricuspid incompetence. The operations were done in 62 consecutive patients during the nine-year period 1969-77 and included simultaneous correction of acquired valvular lesions (58/62) and congenital malformations (4/62). Kay's bicuspidalization and de Vega's annular plication were performed in 27 vs. 35 patients and these two groups were similar in the most important respects. Tricuspid regurgitation was recognized in 44/62 patients (71%) before surgery, whereas in 18/62 patients (29%) it was diagnosed at intra-operative exploration. The majority of cases (84%) were functional in origin and 16% had anatomical lesions causing or contributing to significant incompetence. Most of the patients (90%) belonged to functional class III or IV (N.Y.H.A.) before operation. The type of tricuspid repair had no bearing on early (11% vs. 14%) and late mortality (5.8%/year vs. 5.0%/year). Re-evaluation in 50 patients showed that Kay's bicuspidalization and de Vega's annular plication gave similar and good late result in about 70% of the cases. The risk of over-correction was low in that only 1/30 cardiac catheterization revealed signs of mild tricuspid stenosis. Recurrent or residual tricuspid incompetence is probably related to the severity of the individual cases. Some of these failures were evident already on the patient's discharge from hospital but, unfortunately, not predictable from the pre- or intra-operative evaluations. PMID- 7221502 TI - Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. AB - A retrospective analysis of traumatic ruptures of the aorta is presented. Importance is stressed upon the plain chest film as the primary examination. Angiography revealed false aneurysms with classic localization just distal to the left subclavian artery in 10 cases and a transverse intimal tear in one case. The detection of chronic false aneurysms is equally important as they also require surgical repair. PMID- 7221503 TI - The advantages of the great saphenous vein as a femoropopliteal graft. A report on its clinical use. AB - As a majority of vascular surgeons prefer the autologous saphenous vein as a bypass graft below the inguinal ligament, the need of alternative graft materials or reconstructive techniques is confined to patients with unavailable or unsuitable saphenous veins. The aim of this investigation was to ascertain how often these alternative procedures are necessary. From 1973 to June 1979, the great saphenous vein was used as a femoropopliteal graft without regard to fixed limitations in the diameter and the quality of the vein. During this period, vascular reconstruction was required in 148 limbs due to symptomatic atherosclerotic occlusion of the superficial femoral artery. In 144 of these cases, the ipsilateral (138) or the contralateral (6) great saphenous vein was used for a femoropopliteal bypass reconstruction. Thus, the vein could not be utilized in only 4 of 148 cases (2.7%). As graft patency rate was not subject to the size and quality of the vein and as cumulative patency rates in the 144 grafts were most satisfactory (97.9, 92.0 and 81.9% at 1 month, 1 year and 5 years, respectively), although all these veins were used regardless of their calibre and quality, we conclude that the great saphenous vein can be used more liberally as a graft for femoropopliteal occlusion. In approximately only 3% of patients requiring operation, alternative reconstructive techniques, such as "non vein" bypass grafts and thrombendarterectomy are needed. PMID- 7221504 TI - Infected arterial prosthetic graft with loss of limbs. A case report. AB - A case of serious infection after arterial graft implantation is reported. Sixteen months after the operation, a large abscess developed in the iliac fossa around the graft. On admission he was in a poor condition with septicaemia. Following arteriography, which showed occlusion of the lumbar aorta as well as the iliac arteries, both legs became completely ischaemic. Various surgical procedures were performed, including thrombectomy, axillofemoral bypass and femoropopliteal bypass. However, permanently sufficient circulation of the limbs could not be maintained and a femoral and crural amputation was necessary. PMID- 7221506 TI - Giant cell carcinoma arising in a pulmonary bulla. AB - A 57-year-old male showed an abnormal mass shadow in a pulmonary bulla. Thoracotomy was performed and it was ascertained histologically that the tumour was a giant cell type carcinoma. Clinical features, histological findings and prognosis are reported. PMID- 7221505 TI - Haemodynamic and metabolic consequences of lung contusion following blunt chest trauma. AB - Haemodynamic and metabolic pulmonary functional data were recorded in 18 patients suffering from lung contusion following blunt chest trauma. Similar qualitative results were obtained whether the patients were given oxygen via a mask (Group 1, 8 patients) or needed assisted ventilation (Group 2, 10 patients). Cardiac index rose 25% during the first five days and remained elevated for three to six weeks. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and intrapulmonary shunting were elevated on admission and showed peaks on the second and fifth days. After three weeks there was still a shunt fraction of 21%, while PVR had become normal. Bronchial infections, sepsis and hyper-coagulability occurred more frequently in the respirator-treated group. Hospitalization was in average more than three times longer for these patients. It is concluded that respirator treatment should be restricted to patients in urgent need of artificial ventilation. The haemodynamic and metabolic findings were well correlated to the delayed clinical recovery. PMID- 7221507 TI - Surgery for oesophageal reflux and hiatus hernia. Long-term results in 250 patients. AB - A series of 250 patients with oesophageal reflux and hiatus hernia were treated at North Middlesex Hospital, London, the Regional Cardiothoracic Centre, between 1968-72. These patients received surgical treatment by the "Belsey Mark IV technique" and there were no significant complications. The 7--10 year follow-up showed in 8.4% actual recurrence which was of a combined functional and anatomical nature. In 2% of the cases hernia was demonstrated only by radiology, but there was no evidence of recurrent reflux. The majority of recurrences occurred within two years of initial operation. The patients with recurrences, who underwent the second Mark IV repair, had excellent results. The improving quality of the life in the successful cases was dramatic. This series indicates that the Belsey Mark IV repair is a safe and reliable procedure and gives excellent results with relief of all symptoms. PMID- 7221509 TI - [Surgical risk in patients over 70]. AB - 501 instances of surgery during 1979 in 390 patients aged 70 years or older are reported. The total preoperative mortality rate was 5.4% of operations or 6.9% of patients. Surgery in this patient group was more frequent (1979 11%, 1956/57 8.3%) while the mortality rate had decreased significantly. Urgent operations were frequent (23%), with five times the mortality rate (15%) than for elective operations (2.6%). It is therefore desirable to avoid urgent interventions and operate under elective conditions, though this is not always possible in practice. PMID- 7221508 TI - Stress in work. Conceptual analysis and a study on prison personnel. PMID- 7221510 TI - [Malignant mesothelioma. Retrospective study of 16 cases]. AB - Sixteen cases of malignant mesothelioma (13 pleural and 3 peritoneal) are reported. Fifteen cases were autopsied; in one case only biopsy material was available which are studied by electron microscopy. Among the autopsy cases, 12 had had previous biopsies, one had undergone multiple cytological examinations and 2 cases only one cytological examination. It was concluded that clinical signs and symptoms of mesothelioma were not specific and did not allow the diagnosis. For differential diagnosis as between mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma, biopsy seemed to be more reliable that exfoliative cytology. Alcian blue stain after hyaluronidase digestion is a reliable test in the diagnosis of mesothelioma only when alcian blue is positive initially. However, in half of our mesothelioma cases this stain remained negative. Electron microscopic study appeared to be a satisfactory method of differentiating between malignant mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma. PMID- 7221511 TI - [Adrenal gland hemorrhage]. AB - Our experience with 5 patients sustaining adrenal hemorrhage parallels that of other authors: as a rule bilateral adrenal hemorrhage occurs in the clinical setting of severe systemic disease and the symptoms are those of acute adrenal failure. It is therefore rarely recognized and, despite occasional reports of survivors after treatment with steroids, the disease is almost uniformly fatal. Unilateral adrenal hemorrhage presents as an abdominal hemorrhagic catastrophe. Arteriography, sonography and computerized tomography are helpful diagnostic acids and treatment often includes a technically demanding operative hemostasis. The prognosis is distinctly better than for bilateral hemorrhage. PMID- 7221515 TI - [Knee joint effusions and knee arthritis in adolescents and in younger adults]. PMID- 7221512 TI - [Sudden death as a result of conduction disturbances. Part I. Quantitative pathology of conduction and conduction disorders]. AB - This quantitative histological study of the conduction system comprises 57 patients showing electrocardiographically documented conduction disturbances. In the sinu-atrial node of all patients with sick sinus syndrome the ratio of specific cells to connective tissue shows a shift in favour of connective tissue. In most patients with permanent complete atrio-ventricular block, we found a lesion destroying three quarters of the fibres at one level at least of the av node or the main bundle. These criteria are used to investigate the conduction system of patients dying suddenly and unexpectedly. A ratio of specific cells to connective tissue below 0.2 in the sinu-atrial node is highly suggestive of nodal dysfunction. A lesion of the av-node or the main bundle comprising three quarters of the whole structure is nearly always accompanied by av-block. If such a lesion in the conduction system is the only pathological autopsy finding, the cause of death is most probably cardiac arrest due to this lesion. PMID- 7221514 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of hemangiopericytoma]. AB - Hemangiopericytomas are soft tissue sarcomas of vascular origin consisting of pericytes. 484 cases from the literature and 6 from the University Surgical Clinic, Cologne, were studied with regard to age, sex, organ distribution, symptoms and course of disease. The age ranged from 3.5 to 92 years, with a peak in the fifth and sixth decades. Females predominated only slightly. Hemangiopericytomas were most common in the extremities (35%). The symptoms were not characteristic. A painless mass was the first symptom in 60% of patients. The frequency of recurrence was high (32%) and metastases developed in 39% of patients. Wide local excision is the treatment of choice. Hemangiopericytoma appears to be a radioresistant neoplasm, nor is there evidence that chemotherapy is a useful adjunct in its treatment. PMID- 7221516 TI - [Prophylaxis and therapy of acute viral hepatitis. 10 questions and answers]. AB - The authors set out to answer the following ten questions regarding acute viral hepatitis: 1. Are serologic tests a prerequisite for prophylaxis and treatment of acute viral hepatitis? 2. What serologic markers are available? 3. What hygienic measures are of use in avoiding contact infections? 4. What general therapeutic measures can be recommended? 5. Does a pharmacotherapy for acute viral hepatitis actually exist? 6. What is the position regarding passive immunization in hepatitis A? 7. What is the position regarding passive immunization in hepatitis B? 8. Are vaccines available for active immunization? 9. Who should undergo active immunization? 10. What has been the most important advance of recent years in the field of prophylaxis and treatment of acute viral hepatitis? PMID- 7221513 TI - [Tienilic acid, hyperuricemia and kidney function]. AB - Tienilic acid (Diflurex) was given to 10 patients with secondary hyperuricemia following hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide administration. Eight of these 10 patients suffered acute worsening of renal function reflected in a significant increase in plasma creatinine. Plasma urates fell in all patients. Plasma creatinine returned to pretreatment levels in all patients within 4 to 15 days. Extreme caution should be exercised in prescribing tienilic acid to hyperuricemic patients, in view of the significant risk of reversible renal impairment. PMID- 7221518 TI - [Mortality and survival in a geriatric hospital: methods of measuring and results]. AB - The hospital case fatality rate (deaths divided by discharges) has no meaning for geriatric hospitals in so far as they serve the double function of a general hospital for the aged and a home for those with a very bad prognosis. In fact, for the second group, mortality depends on the time that has elapsed since administration. The question arises of what type of measurement should therefore be proposed for such establishments. The use of the classical demographic rate and case fatality rate according to length of stay is discussed. The two measures are in this case considered to be inadequate since the second gives a false impression of mortality. The only tool which serves to convey a meaningful idea of mortality in this specific situation is a table of discharges expressed in the form of a life table. It is very easy to calculate. The discussion uses data drawn from the Geneva Geriatric Hospital. PMID- 7221517 TI - [The treatment of psoriasis-arthritis with cyclosporin A, a new immunosuppressive agent]. AB - The treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis by cyclosporin A, a new immunosuppressive agent believed to have a largely selective action on T lymphocytes, is described. Results in 4 cases show that cyclosporin A can bring about a most impressive improvement in psoriatic lesions of the skin and its appendages, but that its effect on the arthropathy is variable. There is still little certainty about the compound's mechanism of action in these conditions. Cyclosporin A may give rise to a whole range of side effects and its use--like that of other immunosuppressants--should therefore be contemplated only in severe and progressive forms of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis resistant to other forms of treatment except cytostatic drugs. PMID- 7221519 TI - [Radiographic isodense subdural hematomas in computerized tomography]. AB - Report on three patients in whom computer tomography (CT) revealed an isodense subdural hematoma. One patient had a CT scan 24 hours, the other 3 weeks and the third 3 months after the appearance of clinical symptoms. It is therefore impossible to predict at what stage a subdural hematoma will appear isodense in the CT. The criteria for identification of isodense subdural hematoma are reviewed. PMID- 7221520 TI - [Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung. Apropos of a case]. AB - A case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung is reported and the essential features are recalled. Depending on morphology or pathogenesis this disease has received various designations, e.g. xanthogranuloma or post-inflammatory tumor. When not found accidentally this relatively rare lesion involves few very specific symptoms and usually occurs in young people. Radiographic and endoscopic investigations are only exceptionally of help in specifying the nature of the disease, and only histology provides any diagnostic certitude. The treatment for this lesion, the prognosis of which is excellent, is surgical. PMID- 7221521 TI - [Herlitz, severe generalized atrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Description and genealogic clarification of 4 new cases from Unterwalden canton]. AB - Four infants with congenital epidermolysis bullosa letalis Herlitz were admitted between 1971 and 1978 to the Children's Hospital, Lucerne. All four were from three related families from the same valley in the Canton of Unterwalden and died before the age of one year. Histological and ultrastructural examinations of skin specimens confirmed the diagnosis, but an attempt to detect heterozygous carriers by the same method failed. Genealogical analysis revealed a fourth affected family one generation back and multiple consanguinity among three of the four families, according to an autosomal-recessive inheritance. The pathogenesis, clinical findings, therapy and genetics in this disease are discussed, together with the particular population genetics of the area concerned. PMID- 7221522 TI - [Humidifier lung]. AB - Breathing air from a humidifier or an air conditioning unit contaminated by various microorganisms can cause an acute lung disease involving fever, cough and dyspnea, termed "humidifier fever". This type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was first described in 1959 by PESTALOZZI in the Swiss literature and subsequently by BANASZAK et al. in the Anglo-American. Here a chronic form of this disease which led to pulmonary fibrosis is described: A 37-year-old woman who works in a cheese shop presented with dyspnea which had been progressive over two years, weight loss, a diffuse reticular pattern radiographically and a severe restrictive defect in lung function tests. Open lung biopsy revealed chronic interstitial and alveolar inflammation with non-caseating granulomas and fibrotic changes. Circulating immune complexes and precipitins against the contaminated humidifier water and cheese mites were found, but no antibodies suggesting legionnaires' disease. Two out of five otherwise healthy employees of this cheese shop, where a new humidifying system had been installed 7 years earlier, also had precipitins against the contaminated water from the humidifier and the cheese mites. Despite ending of exposure and longterm steroid and immunosuppressive therapy, the signs and symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis persisted. Contrary to the acute disease, this chronic form is termed "humidifier lung". The importance is stressed of investigating the possibility of exposure to contaminated humidifiers or air conditioning units in all cases of newly detected pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 7221523 TI - [Medical and surgical treatment of 209 bronchial cancers]. AB - Of 209 unselected patients treated for bronchial carcinoma between 1976 and 1980, only 67 underwent surgery: 34 lobectomy (1 death), 19 pneumonectomy (5 deaths) and 14 exploratory thoracotomy without fatal outcome. Average survival time in lobectomy patients who died during the control period was 10 months and in those still alive 19.8 months. The corresponding figures for pneumonectomy patients were 3.9 and 17 months. Out of 142 patients considered unfit for surgery, 125 died. In the group who did not undergo radiotherapy, average survival time was 2.9 to 6.8 months depending on the histologic cell type of the carcinoma. In patients undergoing irradiation the corresponding figures were 4.7 and 7.0 months. In conclusion, radiotherapy was only of limited value in non-operated patients. Diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma is still established far too late, and therefore surgery in an unselected patient group was performed only in 32%. Lobectomy, if practicable, should be advocated as treatment of choice, whereas pneumonectomy, especially of the right side, involves marked operative mortality, provides results scarcely better than conservative treatment, and is recommended only in selected cases. PMID- 7221524 TI - [Diagnosis of lactase deficiency with the expired hydrogen (H2) test]. AB - To determine the sensitivity and specificity of breath hydrogen (H2) in detecting lactase deficiency, breath H2 collected by end-expiratory sampling and capillary blood glucose were measured after ingestion of 50 g of lactose in 36 patients with biopsy-proved isolated lactase deficiency, 42 with normal lactase activity and 6 with lactase deficiency secondary to mucosal lesions. All patients had digestive symptoms clinically compatible with lactose malabsorption. The maximum increase in breath H2 concentration was more than 1.1 mumol/l (25 ppm) in all patients with isolated lactase deficiency, and less than 0.88 mumol/l (20 ppm) in 88% of patients with normal lactase activity; there were 5 false-positive results, attributed in one case to small bowel colonization and in another case to rapid transit after gastric surgery. Secondary lactase deficiency was accurately detected by neither breath H2 nor blood glucose. PMID- 7221525 TI - [Mechanical ventilation in the treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency in asthma]. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of mechanical ventilation in life-threatening status asthmaticus. 16 patients were treated for a total of 22 episodes of acute respiratory acidosis, with coma in 11 cases. Controlled mechanical ventilation was maintained from 10 to 196 hours and involved only minor complications without sequelae. All patients survived. These favourable results are attributed to a new strategy: the aim of mechanical ventilation is to relieve hypoxemia with hyperoxic mixtures without seeking rapid correction of hypercapnia, which is obtained later when bronchial desobstruction provides better conditions of VA/Q distribution. This allows low tidal volumes and low frequency, avoids high airway pressures and so decreases the danger of barotrauma and cardio-circulatory complications. PMID- 7221526 TI - [Benoxaprofene: pharmacokinetic profile in the normal subject and patients with renal insufficiency; evaluation of anticipated serum levels]. AB - The pharmacokinetic profile of benoxaprofene, administered in a single oral dose of 600 mg, has been determined comparatively in 5 normal subjects and 15 patients with renal insufficiency (five of whom were on chronic hemodialysis). In the normal subject, the half-absorption time (Ka) was 0.63 hours; a mean theoretical maximal concentration of 47.3 micrograms/ml was reached 3.6 hours after administration of the drug. The decrease in serum levels was particularly slow, the coefficient of total elimination (Ke) being 0.0241(h-1) and the biological half-life attaining 28.8 hours. :The total clearance (Ct = 4.8 ml/min/1.73 m2) and renal clearance (Cr =1.6 ml/min/1.73 m2) values were low. 13.9% of the ingested dose of benoxaprofene was recovered in the 24 hours urinary volume. Renal insufficiency does not significantly change the pharmacokinetic parameters. It appears advisable to reduce the dosage by half only in patients with a Cr clearance of less than 10-20 ml/min/1.73 m2. The theoretical serum values reached after administration of 600 mg benoxaprofene repeated every 6-12-24-36 or 48 hours have been calculated and it has been found that effective concentrations can be obtained by administration of 600 mg every 12 or 24 hours. PMID- 7221527 TI - [Endocrinologic findings in Crohn's disease]. AB - In 45 patients with radiologically and endoscopically/histologically proven Crohn's disease the partial functions of the anterior pituitary gland were measured prior to steroid therapy. No deficiencies were observed with respect to cortico-, thyro-, gonado-, and somatotropic functions. In 25 out of 40 patients (63%) the typical diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion was absent when assessed by a distinctly elevated 6 p.m. cortisol serum level. In about one fourth of 22 patients T3-RIA was reduced, indicating deficiency of conversion from T4 to T3. Six (43%) out of 14 males showed reduced basal testosterone levels at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. which, in 4 out of 14 cases, did not increase sufficiently in response to HCG. The basal LH-level was elevated in 9 (50%) of 18 males. The lack of diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion and primary insufficiency of Leydig's cells did not correlate with the activity of the disease. PMID- 7221528 TI - [Accumulation of eosinophils in the nasal secretion in patients with bronchial asthma]. AB - From October 1977 to September 1979 69 out of 500 asthmatic patients were selected in whom case histories, skin tests and IgE blood-levels formed a sub group with more or less pure allergic asthma and a sub-group with more or less pure intrinsic asthma. All the patients exhibited a large quantity of granulocytes in the bronchial and nasal secretions. Special attention was paid to the contents of eosinophils in the nasal smear and in the bronchial mucus. The intrinsic subgroup had a (non significantly) greater incidence of 100% eosinophils in the bronchial secretion than the allergic sub-group (p less than 0.1). Unexpectedly, the reverse was found in the nasal secretions: only 33% of the intrinsics (9 cases) and as many as 67% of the allergics (28 cases) exhibited 100% eosinophils in the nasal mucus (p less than 0.025). Thus, when discussing the two forms of asthma, allergic and intrinsic, it is always necessary to bear in mind the possible paradoxical behaviour between nasal and bronchial mucus: pure eosinophilia in the lower respiratory tract may often be found concomitantly with pure neutrophilia in the upper respiratory tract, when some of the criteria for intrinsic asthma are fulfilled. PMID- 7221530 TI - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, advantages and disadvantages]. AB - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) represents a new method for the treatment of end-stage renal disease. It offers the advantages of greater clearance of higher molecular-weight substances than during haemodialysis, good control of blood pressure, marked improvement of anemia, and unrestricted diet. In contrast, the risks of peritonitis, hypoproteinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia are major disadvantages. Furthermore, CAPD is a time-consuming procedure. In spite of the need for technical improvements, CAPD is even now, for selected patients, a valuable alternative treatment to intermittent dialysis methods. PMID- 7221529 TI - [Diagnosis, significance and treatment of urinary tract infections]. AB - Although for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) quantitative urine bacteriology is generally recommended, certain drawbacks of the method must be taken into consideration. Indications for radiological examinations in UTI are mentioned. The long-term prognosis of UTI is excellent provided the urinary tract is functionally and morphologically intact, even though recurrences may be frequent. In the presence of a pathological urinary tract UTI may lead to destruction of renal parenchyma. Uncomplicated UTI may be treated with suitable antibacterial drugs either conventionally over a one-week course or by single dose therapy. The prevention of recurrences, which usually are due to reinfection, may be a problem. The treatment of UTI in the presence of special circumstances such as pathological urinary tract, indwelling catheter, or renal insufficiency is briefly discussed. PMID- 7221531 TI - [New aspects in the treatment of cholecysto-and choledolithiasis]. AB - Since gallstone disease is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal disorders (average incidence 27% in males and 47% in females) it is mandatory for practicing physicians to keep abreast of recent progress in therapy. Thus, present treatment is based on the radiologic pattern of radiolucent (cholesterol) and radioopaque (calcium containing) stones. In the young patient, cholecystectomy is recommended for cholecystolithiasis regardless of type of stones, because this procedure is likely in most cases to provide optimal, definitive results at minimal risk. In the elderly, or when the operative risk is aggravated by accompanying disease, an attempt may be made to dissolve cholesterol stones by oral administration of cheno- or ursodeoxycholic acid. Following 18 months to 2 years of medication, the success rate for complete dissolution is approximately 50%. PMID- 7221532 TI - [HDL--the unknown with great significance]. AB - The high density lipoproteins (HDL) play an important role in lipoprotein metabolism. In view of the results of various epidemiologic and experimental studies, their antiatherogenic potency appears to be confirmed. The antiatherogenic effect of the HDL can be chiefly explained by the following mechanisms: 1. inhibition of uptake of cholesterol-rich low density lipoproteins (LDL) by the smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall, 2. mobilization of cholesterol deposits from the cells of the arterial wall, and 3. an important role in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. There are many unanswered questions concerning the role of HDL in lipoprotein metabolism. Furthermore, methodological problems with HDL determination at present reduce their clinical relevance. Determination of HDL-cholesterol should therefore be confined to borderline cases of hypercholesteremia (cholesterol 240-300 mg/100 ml) to provide a further argument for or against lipid-lowering treatment. PMID- 7221533 TI - [Extracapsular technic for stabilization of anterior tibial motility (Harrison)]. PMID- 7221534 TI - [Bacteriological findings in the genital tract of cows during the puerperium. III. The course of bacterial colonization; effect of intrauterine treatment on uterine flora]. PMID- 7221535 TI - [Outbreaks of ecthyma contagiosum in 2 Swiss sheep herds and 1 goat flock]. PMID- 7221536 TI - [Congenital tremor and cerebellar hypoplasia in piglets following treatment of sows with Neguvon during pregnancy]. PMID- 7221537 TI - [Occurrence of bothriocephalosis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in Switzerland]. PMID- 7221538 TI - [Pathology of sport diving with a diving suit]. PMID- 7221540 TI - [Survey of diving accidents in Switzerland]. PMID- 7221539 TI - [Diving at very great depths]. PMID- 7221541 TI - [Aptitude and counter-indications for sports diving]. PMID- 7221542 TI - [Physiology and pathophysiology of diving]. PMID- 7221544 TI - Carcinogens and regulation. PMID- 7221543 TI - Carcinogens and regulation. PMID- 7221545 TI - Three mice "cloned" in Switzerland. PMID- 7221546 TI - A metronidazole metabolite in human urine and its risk. AB - Metronidazole is a drug used for the treatment of trichomonal vaginitis, amebiasis, giardiasis, and certain anaerobic bacterial infections in humans. Acetamide and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamic acid are metabolites of metronidazole in the rat, and we find small amounts of both metabolites in the urine of human patients taking the drug. Although acetamide is carcinogenic for rats, we do not believe that our finding further defines metronidazole's risk for humans. That risk can only be estimated from surveillance of people previously exposed to the drug. PMID- 7221548 TI - Food dyes and impairment of performance in hyperactive children. PMID- 7221547 TI - A photobiological evaluation of tanning booths. AB - The use of tanning booths as a substitute for natural sunlight is becoming increasingly popular. However, unless careful attention is paid to proper design and maintenance, the radiation field inside a tanning booth can be highly anisotropic. The use of simple, inexpensive ultraviolet radiation meters to measure dosage can lead to serious overexposure. Since the ultraviolet radiation inside a tanning booth has a greater proportion of short wavelengths (less than 300 nanometers) than natural sunlight, the amount of skin cancer-inducing radiation received for a tan may be twice that received for a natural suntan. PMID- 7221549 TI - Senate commences hearings on "human life". PMID- 7221550 TI - Inmates sue to keep research in prisons. PMID- 7221551 TI - Gene control puzzle begins to yield. PMID- 7221555 TI - Oxalate degradation by microbes of the large bowel of herbivores: the effect of dietary oxalate. AB - Rates of oxalate degradation by microbes in gastrointestinal contents from rabbits, guinea pigs, swine and a horse increased after additional of oxalate to diets. A similar response was previously observed with ruminal microbes from cattle and sheep. Bacterial that utilize oxalate for growth appear to be selected by increased levels of dietary oxalate. PMID- 7221552 TI - Hibernation and longevity in the Turkish hamster Mesocricetus brandti. AB - A positive correlation was found between the length of life of 288 Turkish hamsters and the amount of time spent in hibernation, suggesting that the process of aging is slowed during hibernation. PMID- 7221554 TI - Measles virus nucleotide sequences: detection by hybridization in situ. AB - A tritium-labeled probe that detects measles virus nucleotide sequences was hybridized in situ to cells infected with measles virus and to sections of brain tissue from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and from patients with multiple sclerosis. The measles virus genome was detected in many cells in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis where this virus would have been missed by methods such as immunofluorescence. Measles virus sequences were also found in two foci in one of four cases of multiple sclerosis. This refined method of hybridization in situ, which can be useful in the search for covert virus infections of man, provides evidence that viruses may be involved in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7221553 TI - Maternal hyperoxia greatly reduces the incidence of phenytoin-induced cleft lip and palate in A/J mice. AB - The A/J mouse has been used to study the teratogenic affects of phenytoin. The developmental abnormalities produced in offspring of this model are similar to some of the malformations observed in cases of human "fetal hydantoin syndrome." Placing pregnant A/J mice in a hyperoxic chamber after phenytoin injection greatly reduces the incidence of phenytoin-induced cleft lip and palate. These results suggest that phenytoin may affect embryonic development indirectly by altering maternal physiology. This maternally mediated mechanism, and the protection against it afforded by hyperoxia, has general implications for the effects of maternal toxicity on teratogenesis. PMID- 7221556 TI - Pregnancies in humans by fertilization in vitro and embryo transfer in the controlled ovulatory cycle. AB - Normal pregnancies have been established in four women with tubal infertility by fertilization in vitro, embryo culture, and embryo transfer after stimulation of follicular growth with clomiphene citrate. In three of these women the time of oocyte maturation was controlled by human chorionic gonadotropin. This procedure for the control of ovulatory response has many advantages when compared with the previously successful method of using the natural ovulatory cycle. PMID- 7221557 TI - Visual and "phonetic" coding of movement: evidence from American sign language. AB - Hearing subjects unfamiliar with American Sign Language and deaf native signers made triadic comparisons of movements of the hands and arms isolated from American Sign Language. Clustering and scaling of subjects' judgments revealed different psychological representations of movement form for deaf and hearing observers. Linguistically relevant dimensions acquired modified salience for users of a visual-gestural language. The data indicate that the modification of natural perceptual categories after language acquisition is not bound to a particular transmission modality, but rather can be a more general consequence of acquiring a formal linguistic system. PMID- 7221558 TI - Right-handedness: a consequence of infant supine head-orientation preference? AB - Most newborn infants (65 percent) preferred to lie with their heads turned to the right, whereas 15 percent showed a distinct preference for the left. Orientation preference is maintained for at least 2 months and predicts preferential hand use in reaching tasks at both 16 and 22 weeks. Right head-orientation preference in early infancy may contribute to the early development of right-handedness. PMID- 7221559 TI - Cholecystokinin antibody injected in cerebral ventricles stimulates feeding in sheep. AB - The role of brain cholecystokinin peptides in satiety was further assessed by using antibody to cholecystokinin to reduce cholecystokinin activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of sheep. Food intakes were increased approximately 100 percent during the 2-hour continuous injection of antibody into the cerebrospinal fluid. This supports the hypothesis that, during feeding, cholecystokinin is released into the cerebrospinal fluid, which transports it to the receptors that elicit satiety. PMID- 7221560 TI - Sex differences in the effects of unilateral brain damage on intelligence. AB - A sexual dimorphism in the functional asymmetry of the damaged human brain is reflected in a test-specific laterality effect in male but not in female patients. This sex difference explains some contradictions concerning the effects of unilateral brain damage on intelligence in studies in which the influence of sex was overlooked. PMID- 7221561 TI - Chitin: New facets of research. AB - Research on chitin as a marine resource is pointing to novel applications for this cellulose-like biopolymer. Discovery of nondegrading solvent systems has permitted the spinning of filaments, for example, for use as surgical sutures. New methods for preparing the bioactive alkyl glycoside of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (the monomer unit of chitin) and a microcrystalline chitin has encouraged their use as promoters for growth of bifidobacteria and as an aid in digestion of high lactose cheese whey by domestic animals. Chitin-protein complexes of several crustacean species show great variability in ratios of chitin to covalently bound protein and in residual protein in the "purified" chitins. PMID- 7221562 TI - Laetrile brush fire is out, scientists hope. PMID- 7221564 TI - Feminizing effect of mesonephros on cultured differentiating mouse gonads and ducts. AB - Gonads were removed from fetal mice at about the time that gonadal sex differentiation occurs. The gonads were cultured in vitro with or without their mesonephric tissue. When gonads and ducts removed from sexually undifferentiated fetuses were cultured together, the gonads of both sexes developed female characteristics, whereas gonads cultured without mesonephros developed according to the sex of the fetus from which they were removed. Gonads of sexually differentiated fetuses developed whether they were cultured with or without the mesonephros. PMID- 7221565 TI - Normalization by cell fusion of sister chromatid exchange in Bloom syndrome lymphocytes. AB - Fusion of fresh lymphocytes from a Bloom syndrome (BS) patient with those of normal subjects or a BS heterozygote resulted in complete normalization of the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in the chromosomes of BS cells. This normalization took place by the first mitosis in hybrid cells. In contrast, cultivation of BS lymphocytes with those of normal subjects or the BS heterozygote had no effect on sister chromatid exchanges. The cell fusion experiments suggest that the normalization on the sister chromatid exchanges. The cell fusion experiments suggest that the normalization of the sister chromatid exchange frequencies in BS cells can be achieved by factors conserved in the cells of various mammalian species. These findings are compatible with the concept that BS is a recessive genetic mutation at regulatory levels of the DNA repair function. PMID- 7221566 TI - Growth and reshaping of axons in the establishment of visual callosal connections. AB - The visual cortical areas in the two hemispheres are interconnected by axons running through the corpus callosum. In adult cats, these axons originate from, and terminate in, tangentially restricted portions of each area. In young kittens, however, callosal axons originate from the entire extent of each area, although they apparently enter the gray matter only in the restricted regions where they will also be found in adults. In kittens, but not in adults, callosal axons also reach other regions, but there they appear to be confined to the lowest part of layer VI. During the first two postnatal months, the callosal efferent zones become progressively restricted to their adult locations. During this process, many neurons eliminate the axons (or axon collaterals) that they had formerly sent through the corpus callosum and form permanent connection ipsilaterally. PMID- 7221567 TI - Two distinct central serotonin receptors with different physiological functions. AB - Two distinct serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) receptors designated serotonin 1 and serotonin 2 bind tritium-labeled serotonin and tritium-labeled spiroperidol, respectively. Drug potencies at serotonin 2 sites, but not at serotonin 1 sites, predict their effects on the "serotonin behavioral syndrome," indicating that serotonin 2 sites mediate these behaviors. The limited correlation of drug effects with regulation by guanine nucleotides suggests that serotonin 1 sites might be linked to adenylate cyclase. Drug specificities of serotonin-elicited synaptic inhibition and excitation may reflect serotonin 1 and serotonin 2 receptor interactions, respectively. PMID- 7221568 TI - Rod-cone interaction in the distal human retina. AB - During the rod-isolated phase of dark adaption, b-wave implicit time of the human cone electroretinogram increased exponentially with a time constant corresponding to that for the regeneration of rhodopsin. In the presence of different photopically equated short-wave backgrounds, cone b-wave implicit time varied inversely with the scotopic brightness of the background. Taking into account the origin of the b wave, these measurements support the idea of a rod effect on cone function in the distal human retina. PMID- 7221569 TI - Color and luminance: independent frequency shifts. AB - Simultaneous opposite spatial frequency shifts can be obtained in chrominance and luminance channels. The chrominance shift cannot be transferred interocularly. Chrominance and luminance channels seem to perform similar but independent spatial frequency analyses. PMID- 7221570 TI - Introduction. Blood transfusion: uses, abuses, and practices. PMID- 7221572 TI - Photochemotherapy (PUVA) of psoriasis in Singapore a preliminary study. PMID- 7221571 TI - The effect of long-term steroid contraception on coagulation in Asian women. PMID- 7221563 TI - The prolactin gene is located on chromosome 6 in humans. AB - The gene for prolactin has been located on chromosome 6 in humans. DNA fragments of 4.8 and 4.0 kilobases containing prolactin gene sequences were identified in human genomic DNA, whereas DNA fragments of 7.4, 3.6, and 3.3 kilobases containing prolactin gene sequences were found in mouse cells. In somatic cell hybrids of human and mouse cells the 7.4-, 3.6-, and 3.3-kilobase mouse fragments were always present, whereas the 4.8- and 4.0-kilobase human fragments were only present when human chromosome 6 was also present. We conclude that the prolactin gene resides on chromosome 6, a different location from those of the genes for the related hormones chorionic somatomammotropin and growth hormone. PMID- 7221573 TI - Management plan of systemic lupus erythematosus -- a flow chart. PMID- 7221574 TI - Colour vision in the Singapore male. PMID- 7221575 TI - Psychiatric patients who seek traditional healers in Singapore. PMID- 7221576 TI - Parasuicides and their determinants in a multiracial society. PMID- 7221577 TI - An analysis of the results of a medical education workshop on student evaluation. PMID- 7221578 TI - Treatment of disease without the use of drugs. V. Phasing out of benzodiazepine and amitriptyline medication with thought control. PMID- 7221580 TI - Dilemmas in medical education. PMID- 7221579 TI - L-dopa and benserazide in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy in infancy. PMID- 7221581 TI - A Chinese word acuity chart with new design principles. PMID- 7221582 TI - 8 p.m. to 8 a.m. hospital admissions to a general medical unit. PMID- 7221583 TI - Placental accreta. PMID- 7221585 TI - Retrospective study of carcinoma of the urinary bladder. PMID- 7221586 TI - A study of attempted suicide in private practice. PMID- 7221584 TI - Paraquat poisoning is not always fatal. PMID- 7221587 TI - A preliminary survey of the psycho-social effects of myocardial infarction of patients attending a cardiac rehabilitation programme. PMID- 7221588 TI - Ovarian neoplasms in Sarawak. PMID- 7221589 TI - Haemochromatosis and sideroblastosis complicating tuberculosis. PMID- 7221590 TI - Oral sepsis and focal infection. PMID- 7221591 TI - Rubella cases mistaken for dengue fever. PMID- 7221593 TI - Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, dermatomyositis and lung cancer--a case report. PMID- 7221595 TI - Biology and activities of yeasts. PMID- 7221594 TI - Masculinity-femininity and the desire for sexual intercourse after vasectomy: a longitudinal study. PMID- 7221592 TI - Kugelberg-Weleander syndrome or muscular dystrophy?--a family study. PMID- 7221596 TI - Geographical and secular changes in the seasonal distribution of births. PMID- 7221597 TI - Biometeorological investigations of asthma morbidity in tasmania using co spectral analysis of time series. PMID- 7221598 TI - A statistical analysis of the distribution characteristics of cholera within Ibadan City, Nigeria (1971). PMID- 7221600 TI - Geographical pattern of tuberculosis and related factors in Japan. PMID- 7221599 TI - The human impact of colonization and parasite infestation in subtropical lowlands of Bolivia. PMID- 7221601 TI - Geographical factors influencing the population numbers and distribution of Oncomelania nosophora and the subsequent effect on the control of schistosomiasis japonica in Japan. PMID- 7221603 TI - Geographic distribution of cerebrovascular disease and environmental factors in Japan. PMID- 7221602 TI - Geoecological analyses of the spread of tick-borne encephalitis in Central Europe. PMID- 7221605 TI - Regional differences of death from chronic diseases in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil from 1970 to 1976. PMID- 7221604 TI - Geographical distributions of cerebrocardiovascular diseases in Japan: 1969-1974. PMID- 7221606 TI - Mortality from selected malignant neoplasms in the British Isles: the spatial perspective. PMID- 7221607 TI - The development and current status of medical geography in Canada. PMID- 7221608 TI - Cancer and the physicochemical quality of drinking water in Quebec. PMID- 7221610 TI - A study of the geographical pattern of cancer mortality for selected sites by means of factor analysis. PMID- 7221609 TI - Geographical distribution of lung cancer mortality and environmental factors in Japan. PMID- 7221611 TI - International comparison of trends in cancer mortality for selected sites. PMID- 7221612 TI - Cancer deaths by city and county in Japan (1969-1971): a test of significance for geographic clusters of disease. PMID- 7221613 TI - The provision and use of general practitioner services in Adelaide, Australia: application of tools of locational analysis and theories of provider and user spatial behaviour. PMID- 7221614 TI - A geographic approach to general practice workloads: the example of rural Tasmania. PMID- 7221615 TI - Some results and prospects of the activities of the working group on "The Geography of Health" under the aegis of the International Geographical Union. PMID- 7221616 TI - From public health to political epidemiology. PMID- 7221617 TI - Traditional Indian medicine in practice in an Indian metropolitan city. PMID- 7221618 TI - Methodological approaches on medical care planning from the viewpoint of geographical allocation model: a case study on South Tama District. PMID- 7221619 TI - Geographers and health and disease studies. PMID- 7221620 TI - A statistical consideration on the mapping of mortality. PMID- 7221621 TI - Medical care for the fitness revolution. PMID- 7221622 TI - A meaningful relationship. PMID- 7221624 TI - Homicide in five southern states: a firearms phenomenon. AB - Homicide is a leading contributor to loss of life in the productive years. Of the 20,000 homicides yearly in the United States, the majority are committed with firearms. Because homicide rates and gun ownership are highest in the southern states, a descriptive study of 20,980 homicides occurring in five southern states between 1967-1975 was done with particular emphasis on the role of firearms. Total rates in this study were 60% to 85% higher than concurrent national rates. Homicide with firearms accounted for 76.2%, and was the only method of homicide to show a significant increase in rate or a distinctive age distribution. Homicide in the US is a firearms phenomenon. Appropriate and effective regulation of access to firearms is an obvious first step in the prevention of this public health problem. PMID- 7221625 TI - Diazepam infusion in tetanus: correlation of drug levels with effect. AB - A patient with muscle spasms and rigidity associated with tetanus was successfully treated with a continuous infusion of diazepam. This beneficial response was associated with a minimal serum diazepam concentration of 500 ng/ml. The major metabolite of diazepam, DMD, did not appear to exert substantial activity. Guidelines for dosing diazepam are provided. PMID- 7221626 TI - Fatal lung abscesses: review of 11 years' experience. AB - A review of the outcome of 440 patients hospitalized between 1967 and 1977 because of lung abscess showed that 41 died (case fatality rate = 9.3%). Major predisposing factors were present in many of the fatal and nonfatal cases. Advanced age and concomitant diseases were associated with a higher risk of death. Aspiration of contents of large cavities may have played a major role in the death of seven patients. PMID- 7221623 TI - The periodic health examination: comparison of recommendations and internists' performance. AB - In this paper we bring together recommendations from three expert sources for preventive care by periodic health examination of adults. We compare these recommendations with care items considered essential for such examinations, and those actually performed by a panel of practicing internists. We found substantial differences among the expert groups and between the experts and the practicing internists in their perceptions of essential care items. Overall, 59% of items recommended by any of the expert groups were found in the internists' records. We suggest that the periodic examination serves a purpose in addition to screening for disease; that the screening function need not be performed annually; that awareness and practice of proven beneficial components of such examinations be increased among practitioners; and that a better consensus on recommendations for preventive care be developed. PMID- 7221627 TI - Blastomycosis: diagnostic difficulties. AB - In five cases of blastomycosis, invasive procedures were required before the diagnosis was established; these included thoracotomy in two cases and craniotomy in a third case. Radiologic signs in blastomycosis are nonspecific, and the presentations of the disease may be protean and unusual. Certain factors and radiologic appearances should alert the physician and radiologist to the diagnosis. PMID- 7221628 TI - Edwardsiella tarda osteomyelitis in a patient with SC hemoglobinopathy. AB - Edwardsiella tarda is a recently identified gram-negative organism of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Reports of human infections with E tarda have been infrequent. We review 14 cases of systemic edwardsiellosis reported in the literature and report a case of E tarda osteomyelitis in a patient with sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease. In our case the remains of a snake may have been the source of the organism. Systemic edwardsiellosis is rare, and it may present as meningitis, endocarditis, bacteremia, liver abscess, or osteomyelitis. In 12 of 15 cases reported, systemic E tarda infection occurred in patients suffering from additional debilitating illnesses. PMID- 7221629 TI - Clinical assessment of cimetidine myelotoxicity. AB - After case reports of alleged cimetidine-induced neutropenia, we investigated the possibility that cimetidine might produce occult bone marrow injury by a mechanism other than idiosyncratic hypersensitivity. We performed hydrocortisone challenge tests to assess the bone marrow granulocyte reserves before, during, and after cimetidine administration. No decrease in marrow granulocyte reserves was associated with the administration of cimetidine. When cimetidine and lithium were given to volunteers, the granulocytosis normally associated with lithium was not diminished. Although a general myelosuppressive effect of cimetidine has been postulated by others, we found no evidence of such a phenomenon in this study. Idiosyncratic drug sensitivity is probably the mechanism of cimetidine-induced neutropenia. PMID- 7221630 TI - Barrett's esophagus and active duodenal ulcer: an important clinical association. AB - A retrospective review of five patients with Barrett's esophagus revealed three with an associated active duodenal ulcer. Two patients also had adrenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Any patient with prolonged gastroesophageal reflux should have careful radiologic and endoscopic evaluation of the entire upper gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7221631 TI - Observations of esophageal relationships in a case of achalasia. AB - This study of an 85-year-old man with severe achalasia correlates postmortem findings with the medical history and clinical manifestations. Possible explanations are discussed and related to cases previously described. PMID- 7221632 TI - Wick catheter in evaluating and treating compartment syndromes. AB - We prospectively analyzed 45 patients with suspected compartment syndromes involving 55 extremities to determine the role of the wick catheter in their management. The wick catheter technic allows the continuous monitoring of interstitial pressure and provides an objective assessment of compartment pressure. Indications for catheter use, technics for catheter preparation and insertion, and guidelines for the timing of fasciotomy are presented. Clinical evaluation of every extremity injury must be tempered by suspicion and vigilance to detect compartment syndromes early enough to prevent ischemic contracture. Providing reliable and accurate pressure determinations without significant morbidity, the wick allows continuous monitoring of interstitial compartmental pressure and objective indications for fasciotomy. PMID- 7221633 TI - Antepartum cardiotachometry for fetal evaluation. AB - Results of 686 nonstress tests with fetal monitoring were analyzed and compared to neonatal outcome. The use of an antepartum cardiotachometry screening (ACS) protocol seems to have reduced the perinatal mortality and morbidity in a high risk group of patients to that of a low-risk group who did not undergo ACS. PMID- 7221634 TI - Streptococcal pharyngitis in infants: a reappraisal of its prevalence. AB - The prevalence of group A streptococcal pharyngitis in children under 3 years of age was determined by retrospective review of the results of throat cultures taken from children seen in a middle-class, suburban, private pediatric practice. Of 2,200 throat cultures obtained, 7% (149) were from children in this age group, and 15% (23) of these were positive for group A streptococci. All children had pharyngeal injection and the majority were symptomatic, with fever, rash, or rhinitis. Exudative pharyngitis was rare. This study suggests that pharyngeal infection with this organism in infants and young children is not uncommon, and justifies the need for throat cultures in this population. PMID- 7221635 TI - Gram-negative bacteremic shock: pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatment. AB - Life-threatening, gram-negative-rod bacteremia often complicates modern surgical procedures. The development of shock in association with gram-negative bacteremia represents a grave complication. The pathophysiology and clinical features of gram-negative bacteremic shock are reviewed, and contemporary forms of therapy are evaluated. PMID- 7221636 TI - On making clinical research count. AB - Principles of sound research design are inconstantly applied to scientific investigations. Quality research depends on good study design. Many research groups appear to favor quick publishable experiments over more rigorously controlled ones. Clinicians seem inadequately prepared to critically evaluate journal articles for quality of research, clinical relevance, and comparability of reports. Clinicians and researchers alike are increasingly aware of these problems, and are calling for greater attention to research design in scientific work. Authors should explain their procedures and the study's relevance to clinical practice. Educators are encouraged to increase teaching of research design and interpretation of scientific writing. PMID- 7221637 TI - A very short essay on contemporary medical education. PMID- 7221638 TI - Simultaneous idiopathic chylopericardium and chylothorax. AB - We have reported the first described case of idiopathic simultaneous chylopericardium and chylothorax and discussed its diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Efficacy of thoracic duct ligation, pericardiectomy, and pleurodesis for this entity is established. PMID- 7221639 TI - Ulcerative colitis complicated by autoimmune hemolytic anemia. AB - We have reported the rare association of severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia with active ulcerative colitis, and added to the sparse published recommendations concerning management. Although aggressive medical therapy resulted in only partial control of the inflammatory bowel disease and hemolysis, both disorders remitted rapidly after panproctocolectomy and splenectomy. Autologous red cells were safely transfused during surgery. PMID- 7221640 TI - Atrial pacing in the management of right ventricular infarction. AB - In a patient with left ventricular failure complicated by shock and impairment of right ventricular function caused by an infarct, right atrial pacing improved cardiac output. We believe right atrial pacing offers an alternative to plasma volume expansion, afterload reducing agents, and inotropic drugs. PMID- 7221641 TI - Haloperidol analgesia. AB - Haloperidol was observed to be an effective analgesic, alone and in combination with opiates, in a patient with severe radiation fibrosis and necrosis. Previously, high doses of methadone and morphine, along with amitriptyline, had caused dangerous sedative side effects without providing adequate pain relief. This case adds further support to the previous reports that haloperidol has significant analgesic or analgesic-potentiating properties. We suggest double blind, controlled clinical trials and neurophysiologic studies to further clarify this exciting new role for haloperidol. PMID- 7221642 TI - Persistent megaloblastic anemia: a diagnostic dilemma. AB - A patient with sickle cell trait and pernicious anemia in relapse may appear to have sickle thalassemia because HbA2 levels can be elevated and the peripheral blood smear may contain target cells, teardrop cells, and eliptocytes. A normal hemoglobin alpha:beta chain ratio, a megaloblastic bone marrow, and correction of the abnormal hematologic morphology after administration of vitamin B12 will establish the correct diagnosis. PMID- 7221643 TI - Atheromatous mesenteric occlusion associated with oral contraceptives and cigarette smoking. AB - A 33-year-old woman had severe progressive intestinal ischemia secondary to three vessel intraabdominal occlusive disease. Oral contraceptives and cigarette smoking were the only identified risk factors. PMID- 7221644 TI - Acute myositis of the medial rectus muscle: diagnosis by computed tomography. AB - We have reported a case of myositis of the medial rectus muscle diagnosed and followed up by computerized tomography and orbital ultrasound. PMID- 7221645 TI - Bandage sign. PMID- 7221646 TI - Constrictive pericarditis due to Streptococcus sanguis. AB - We have described the third case of pericarditis caused by anaerobic streptococci in children. Despite operative drainage and high-dose penicillin therapy, there was rapid progression to constrictive pericarditis. Complete pericardiectomy was life-saving. PMID- 7221647 TI - Cardiac pacemaker failure: a complication of trauma. AB - Trauma to the patient with an implanted cardiac pacemaker can result in serious damage to the device. We have described a case in which the lead was fractured after accidental electric shock. Recognition that trauma is a possible cause of pacemaker malfunction is critical to proper evaluation and prompt treatment of this potentially lethal complication. PMID- 7221648 TI - Conjunctival biopsy in unexplained hypercalcemia. AB - A 31-year-old woman presented with hypercalcemia, anemia, azotemia, and splenomegaly. Extensive laboratory studies failed to establish the diagnosis, though sarcoidosis seemed likely on the basis of marked hypercalciuria and restrictive lung disease. Conjunctival biopsy showed noncaseating epithelioid granulomas, confirming the clinical diagnosis. Conjunctival biopsy deserves consideration in the evaluation of the patient with unexplained hypercalcemia or other findings suggestive of saroidosis. PMID- 7221650 TI - Vaccinia necrosum after smallpox vaccination for herpes labialis. AB - We have described a patient with vaccinia necrosum after smallpox vaccination for persistent herpes labialis. The patient eventually recovered after surgical resection of the lesion and multiple courses of vaccinia immune globulin and methisazone. This report emphasizes the needless risks of vaccinating patients with herpetic infections. PMID- 7221649 TI - Sickle cell thalassemia, thrombocytosis, and erythrocytosis. AB - A patient with sickle cell beta+-thalassemia had thrombocytosis and erythrocytosis due to a myeloproliferative disorder best classified as polycythemia vera. RBC counts were 6 to 8 million/cu mm and the red cell mass was 33 ml/kg. A higher red cell mass and an increased hematocrit value were prevented probably by factors related to the hemoglobinopathy, such as microcytosis and hemolysis. The diagnosis of polycythemia vera in patients with sickle cell disease may be difficult to document and the association of these disorders has not been previously reported. This patient's high red blood cell and platelet counts did not result in recurrent vasoocclusive crises. PMID- 7221651 TI - Cimetidine in renal failure. PMID- 7221653 TI - The fluoridation controversy. PMID- 7221652 TI - High false-negative rate for the RPR syphilis test. PMID- 7221654 TI - Anaplastic malignant neoplasms: diagnosis and treatment. AB - We studied 35 patients referred to M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute with a histologic diagnosis of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms. Further subclassification of the tumors based on elements suggestive of tumor differentiation detected on light and electron microscopic examination was possible in 22 of the 35 patients. The stage of tumor at diagnosis was of prognostic importance. Patients who had localized surgically resectable disease had significantly longer survival than those with regional tumor invasion or distant tumor metastasis. Patients with metastatic subclassified tumors had response to chemotherapy and survival duration not different from patients with metastatic undifferentiated tumors. The use of multidrug combinations containing cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin HCl (Adriamycin), and dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome) seems to improve the survival of patients with metastatic anaplastic malignant neoplasms. PMID- 7221655 TI - Unusual inflammatory processes involving the colon. AB - Six patients with unusual inflammatory lesions of the colon are presented. Several of these cases demonstrated unusual presentations of an unusual disease. The clinical and radiologic features (which together are of paramount importance in suggesting the correct diagnosis) are discussed. Important differential diagnostic considerations are listed. PMID- 7221656 TI - Overcompensation syndromes. AB - As a result of severe injury or illness, a complex series of metabolic changes takes place in the body to enable it to cope with the stress and recover. Although these changes are beneficial and necessary, at times they are more extensive than desirable and may result in metabolic alkalosis, hypertension, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and fibrinolysis. PMID- 7221657 TI - Minimizing refractive error after implantation of intraocular lens. PMID- 7221658 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy by pigtail catheter in children. AB - Percutaneous nephrostomy in children with the use of the pigtail catheter is discussed as a useful, noninvasive, rapid technic in cases of pediatric obstructive uropathy or in children in whom immediate surgical intervention would be undesirable. Three cases are presented, as well as technical notes. PMID- 7221659 TI - Acute obstructive uric acid nephropathy after treatment of neoplastic adenopathy. AB - Patients with lymphoma and leukemia are at increased risk of therapy-related sudden increase in the serum uric acid level, with resultant precipitation and obstruction in the more acidic and concentrated distal nephron. Appropriate pretreatment measures can prevent intrarenal crystal formation. The acute obstruction responds well to treatment, and aggressive measures are indicated. PMID- 7221660 TI - Fractures of the tibia treated with Lottes nail fixation. AB - We have reviewed 60 consecutive cases, occurring in 57 patients, of intramedullary fixation of fractures of the midshaft of the tibia done over a ten year period with the Lottes nail. Of 50 acute fractures, 38 were open fractures, nailed after adequate irrigation and debridement; the other 12 were closed fractures. The remaining ten cases were nonunions. All fractures healed with a rate of infection of 3.33% and a rate of malunion of 3.33%. Of the 50 patients with acute fracture, 29 had other fractures of long bones and 12 had ipsilateral fractures of the femur. The nailing facilitated their ambulation and care. All ten nonunions healed after nailing and bone grafting. Lottes nailing of tibial midshaft fractures is a simple procedure that gives stability, allows early weight-bearing with minimal shortening, and can be used in open fractures with minimal morbidity after adequate debridement. PMID- 7221661 TI - Field recognition of eastern poison oak: with emphasis on plants in Alabama. AB - Eastern poison oak, Toxicodendron toxicarium, is a nonclimbing shrub whose leaves have three leaflets. The leaflets with their numerous round lobes resemble somewhat the leaves of some oaks in the white oak groups. The plant grows in nutritionally poor, sandy soil, and especially in dry pine-oak woodland. Deposits resembling black enamel paint can often be seen where plants have been injured. During winter, the U- or V-shaped leaf scars, the naked fruit stalks in female plants, and the sparse upright branches all aid in recognition. Other features can be useful in spring and fall. While poison oak and poison ivy are so closely related that the sensitivity of individuals and resulting dermatitis are not markedly different, accurate recognition is important in avoiding contact. PMID- 7221662 TI - Psychiatric disturbances seen in primary care: when to treat and when to refer. AB - Recent advances and changes in diagnosis and treatment of various psychiatric disturbances have both increased cooperation between psychiatrists and primary care physicians and better integrated psychiatry with the remainder of medicine. With increasing emphasis on the holistic approach to patient care and more appreciation of emotional components of various physical illnesses, the primary care physician now finds it incumbent upon himself to both understand and use various pragmatic psychiatric concepts. To the benefit of the patient, the primary care physician, and the psychiatrist, this integration of psychiatry with medicine appears to be growing. Thus an overview of the major psychiatric disturbances seen by the primary care physician, as well as guidelines in when to treat and when to refer these problems, should be useful. PMID- 7221663 TI - Cantharidin poisoning. AB - Cantharidin, or Spanish fly, is a lipid soluble irritant extracted from the blister beetle. Manifestations of cantharidin poisoning range from local vesiculobullous formation to gross hematuria, myocardial damage, denudation of the gastrointestinal tract, and occasionally death. Despite the wide spectrum of clinical symptomatology, the available information on this subject is extremely scanty. We have attempted the first review of this subject in this century. Currently cantharidin is the active ingredient in various wart removal compounds. The blister beetle has a ubiquitous distribution, with many species found in the southeastern United States. Although most case reports concern adults, the potential for pediatric poisoning is great. Treatment is primarily supportive. PMID- 7221664 TI - Decision theory for clinicians: uses and misuses of clinical tests. AB - There is no clear cutoff between normal and abnormal for most clinical measurements and laboratory tests. Since normal limits for many laboratory tests are established by statistical methods, it is imperative that the clinician base his interpretation of the laboratory results on the clinical situation. In addition, a clinician should realize that the prevalence of disease is affected by the setting in which he practices, and the manner in which he uses a clinical test can affect the predictive value of the test used. PMID- 7221665 TI - Profound hypothermia: value of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - A patient with severe hypothermia (core temperature of 22.2 C) and ventricular fibrillation had manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 3 1/2 hours while various rewarming technics raised her temperature to a level permitting successful electrical cardioversion. Laboratory testing revealed disseminated intravascular coagulation and several endocrinologic abnormalities. The need for prolonged, aggressive resuscitative measures and the possible role of corticosteroids in the management of profound hypothermia are discussed. PMID- 7221666 TI - Pitfalls in sonographic diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy. AB - Abdominal pregnancy is relatively rare, with an estimated frequency of 1/3,000 pregnancies in this country. We have described serial sonographic findings in an abdominal pregnancy from 28 weeks to term. Particular emphasis is placed on the pitfalls facing the sonographer in the diagnosis of advanced abdominal pregnancy. PMID- 7221668 TI - Endogenous cryptococcal endophthalmitis. AB - We have described a case of Cryptococcus neoformans endophthalmitis, especially rare in the absence of simultaneous CNS involvement. The key to management appears to lie in early diagnosis, which is difficult because there are multiple causes of uveitis; clinical examination will not establish the specific cause. If clinical improvement is not apparent after several days of nonspecific therapy and other studies have failed to yield a diagnosis, appropriate stains and cultures of vitreal aspirate should be done for fungi and other organisms. Amphotericin B plus 5-fluorocytosine is the treatment of choice, possibly with intravitreal instillation of amphotericin B and vitrectomy. PMID- 7221667 TI - Manic-depressive illness in early childhood: the case of Christopher. AB - The 11 1/2-month-old boy described was believed to have a manic-depressive illness, based upon a set of criteria for use in the diagnosis of bipolar illness and the patient's very positive family history. The question is raised as to whether the average age of onset might decrease with the development of better diagnostic criteria and more case reporting. PMID- 7221669 TI - Metastatic carcinoma of the skeletal muscle. AB - Metastatic carcinoma of the skeletal muscle is very rare. We have described such a case in a 53-year-old man who clinically presented with a metastatic carcinoma of the right deltoid muscle. At autopsy, the primary lesion was found in the lung. PMID- 7221670 TI - Hypothenar hammer syndrome. AB - The hypothenar hammer syndrome is a distinct entity of digital ischemia caused by the repetitive compression of the distal ulnar artery against the hook of the hamate. Definite diagnosis should most likely rely on selective arteriography. Primary resection with anastomosis and cervicodorsal sympathectomy have both been proposed as treatment. Early recognition of the syndrome is important. PMID- 7221671 TI - Appendicitis in a barium-filled appendix. AB - Fourteen cases of appendicitis developing in an appendix with prolonged retention of barium have been previously described. A 15th case is herein presented. Present reports are inadequate to determine the normal period of retention of barium in an appendix after contrast study. No conclusions can be drawn as to whether the retained barium causes appendicitis by a sequence of events or whether the retained barium merely demonstrates a previously existing abnormality in the appendix or has no pathologic significance. A patient in whom barium is retained in the appendix should, as a minimum step, be informed that appendicitis may develop and that he should consult his physician if abdominal symptoms develop. Interval appendectomy for the asymptomatic patient with prolonged retention of barium cannot be justified by the present body of case reports. PMID- 7221672 TI - Pancreatic ascites: an unusual complication of hyperparathyroidism. AB - Pancreatic ascites is usually considered to be a sequela of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Our patient had pancreatic pseudocyst formation and pancreatic ascites after acute pancreatitis, the latter secondary to hypercalcemic pancreatitis and documented hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7221674 TI - Tension hydrothorax: roentgenographic characteristics and pathogenetic consideration. AB - We have described a 24-year-old diabetic woman with rapidly developing left-sided tension hydrothorax. The pleural effusion was characterized by high contents of protein and glucose. The chest roentgenogram exhibited massive pleural effusion, prominent air bronchograms, mediastinal shift, and diaphragmatic inversion. Prompt thoracocentesis proved to be life-saving. PMID- 7221673 TI - Venous mesenteric thrombosis and coexisting benign gastric ulcer. AB - A case of a relatively rare illness, venous mesenteric thrombosis and coexisting benign gastric ulcer, has been described. The diagnosis may be difficult to make and the mortality if high. PMID- 7221675 TI - Bronchopulmonary sequestration: an unusual presentation. AB - We have described a case of extralobar sequestration involving the left upper lobe in a 4-year-old boy. The etiology of this anomaly remains obscure, but it may result from a supranumerary lung bud arising from the pharynx. Unlike intralobar sequestrations, extralobar sequestrations frequently have associated anomalies. Clinically the symptoms are variable. Our patient was cured by surgical excision of the lesion. PMID- 7221676 TI - Subendocardial ischemia due to hypertension after induction of general anesthesia. AB - This report identifies acute severe systemic hypertension during surgical procedures as a potential life-threatening event. If the increased myocardial oxygen demand is not met by adequate oxygen supply, either because of underlying coronary artery disease or a hemodynamic state that does not allow adequate augmentation of diastolic coronary blood flow, then subendocardial myocardial ischemia and perhaps infarction will occur, particularly if the described events go unrecognized and untreated. Recognition of severe intraoperative hypertension by hemodynamic monitoring, and early treatment by afterload reduction with vasodilators and perhaps subsequent catecholamine support, are indicated and may save both myocardium and life. PMID- 7221677 TI - Obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction: assessing renal function by percutaneous nephrostomy. AB - This case simply illustrates two points. First, placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy permits detailed, serial evaluation of renal function in obstruction. Second, surprisingly high levels of renal function may remain in severely, chronically hydronephrotic kidneys. PMID- 7221678 TI - Appearance of a sixth lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme (LDH6) in a previously health patient. AB - We gave described a previously healthy patient with marked metabolic acidosis secondary to alcohol ingestion. An abnormal LDH isoenzyme (LDH6) located on the cathodic side of LDH5 after several episodes of shock was found in the patient's serum. We believe that the presence of LDH6 may occur as a result of shock from any cause and signifies a poor prognosis. The origin of LDH6 remains unknown. PMID- 7221679 TI - Hypertensive crisis and myocardial infarction after fluorescein angiography. AB - Fluorescein angiography is commonly used in evaluation of retinopathy. Adverse reactions are uncommon but severe cardiovascular difficulties seem to occur selectively in older men with hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The 54 year-old patient described had hypertensive crisis and resulting myocardial infarction after fluorescein angiography. PMID- 7221680 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the Cervix Uteri. AB - We have described a 38-year-old woman with a lesion of the cervix found on routine physical examination. The lesion proved to be a primary leiomyosarcoma of the cervix. Despite radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy, the tumor recurred and grew relentlessly. She is alive with disease at two years seven months after initiation of therapy. The biologic behavior of leiomyosarcoma appears to be quite different from that of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7221681 TI - Facial abscess due to group L streptococcal infection. AB - A Lancefield group L streptococcal infection was found in a previously healthy male adult during a survey of beta-hemolytic streptococci. The infection was apparently acquired subsequent to a mild injury to the face and contact with soil. Treatment with cephalothin and cephalexin was successful after surgical drainage of the wound abscess. PMID- 7221684 TI - Fluoridation of water. PMID- 7221682 TI - Colo-tubo-ovarian fistula as complication of pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - Colo-tubular fistula is a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This paper reports a case of PID for which the patient's refusal of early surgical treatment led to development of that rare complication, combined with a cutaneo-tubo-ovarian fistula. PMID- 7221683 TI - Malignant external otitis in a nondiabetic adult. AB - Malignant external otitis (MEO) is classically an indolent but often catastrophic Pseudomonas infection in the elderly diabetic patient. In this report of its occurrence in an elderly nondiabetic patient, aggressive surgical and medical therapy were life-saving. The possibility of MEO should not be casually dismissed in the nondiabetic patient with Pseudomonas external otitis. PMID- 7221685 TI - School absenteeism during an outbread of B/Hong Kong/5/72-like influenze virus in Taipei, Taiwan. PMID- 7221686 TI - Antibody responses in cholera patients. AB - Haemagglutinating, vibriocidal and mouse protective antibody responses in cholera patients were found to be maximum on the 7th day of admission. The mouse protective antibody on the first day at the hospital was lower than those of human volunteers. The circulating antibodies in the patients declined to normal levels or lower than normal before 3 months after the acute onset. PMID- 7221687 TI - Intestinal and blood parasites in the Torro Valley, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. AB - Approximately 300 blood and fecal specimens were examined in a parasitologic survey of indigenous inhabitants of the small isolated Torro Valley in the mountains of Central Sulawesi. Schistosoma japonicum was not found although the parasite is endemic in the neighboring Lindu and Napu valleys. Hookworm infection (71%) was the most common helminthiasis. The prevalences of ascariasis (3%) and trichuriasis (2%) are low for Indonesia in general but similar to those found in nearby mountainous areas of Sulawesi. Intestinal protozoa endemic to the area are: Entamoeba histolytica (8%). E. coli (23%). Endolimax nana (9%), Iodamoeba butschii (9%) and Giardia lamblia (14%). Plasmodium vivax infections were found in 4% and P. falciparum in 2% of persons examined. Brugia malayi microfilaremia was found with a prevalence of 25%. The high rate of splenic (54%) and hepatic (22%) enlargement found on examination of 206 persons of all ages is considered to be a result of combined effects of endemic malaria and hereditary ovalocytosis. PMID- 7221688 TI - Intestinal parasites of man in Northern Bohol, Philippines, with emphasis on schistosomiasis. AB - A survey for intestinal parasites with emphasis on Oriental schistosomiasis was conducted in the townships of Trinidad and Talibon, Bohol Province, Philippines and approximately 1,700 stool samples were examined. Schistosoma japonicum is still endemic to these areas of northern Bohol but infection rates were much lower than expected, 5% rather than 30%. Soil-transmitted helminths were the most common parasitic infections. Hookworms were found in 71% of the samples tested, most infections were due to Necator americanus 97% and Ancylostoma duodenale accounted for only 3%. Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs were diagnosed in 58% and 45% respectively of the fecal samples examined. Other helminths and protozoan parasites detected were Enterobius vermicularis, Stronglyoides stercoralis, Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba hartmanni, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba butschlii, Giardia lamblia and Chilomastix mesnili. PMID- 7221689 TI - A schistosomiasis pilot control project in Lindu valley, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. AB - This pilot control project was an intervention study, consisting of: 1) treating the positive cases with Niridazole; 2) spraying the foci with Niclosamide; 3) improving the water supply system and construction of public latrines. The intervention not only has lowered the human prevalence rate, but has also lowered the transmission of the disease in that area. Niridazole appeared relatively safe and effective, the cure rate after one year was 80%. Spraying the foci with Niclosamide 20-40 mg per litre did not appear very effective. Using this epidemiological data it was estimated that infected persons would become spontaneously negative after 4.75 years, if there was no reinfection. PMID- 7221690 TI - A survey of anisakid larvae in marine fish in Penang, Malaysia. AB - A total of 104 marine fish belonging to 12 species in 6 families were examined for anisakid larvae. All except one fish species were infected with one or more types of anisakid larvae. Three types of anisakid larvae were recovered, the most abundant being Anisakis type 1 (9 out of 11 fish species) followed by Contracaecum type B (6 out of 11) and Terranova type B (1 out of 11). Latianus malabaricus has the highest mean intensity of both Anisakis type 1 and Contracaecum type B. The public health hazard of anisakine nematodes is briefly discussed. PMID- 7221691 TI - Intestinal capillariasis from Maha Sarakham Province, northeast Thailand: report of a case. AB - Intestinal capillariasis cases in Thailand were reported from the areas where people customarily ate raw freshwater fish. The present case came from Maha Sarakham Province, Northeast of Thailand with the chief complaint of diarrhoea for one month. Eggs, larvae and adult Capillaria philippinensis were found in the faeces. The authors observed that protein-losing enteropathy was an early manifestation on this disease. PMID- 7221692 TI - Clinical trials of broad spectrum anthelmintics against soil-transmitted helminthiasis. AB - Clinical trials on the three broad spectrum anthelmintics against trichuriasis, ascariasis and hookworm infection were carried out in a rural community in Irosin, Sorsogon. Flubendazole (Fluvermal) appears to be a promising drug against trichuriasis particularly when periodic mass treatment of a community is carried out. Mebendazole (Antiox) also appears to be promising given as single dose during mass treatment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis. As shown in previous studies, oxantel-pyrantel (Quantrel) should be given at 15 mg/kg body weight at 12-hour intervals or 20 mg/kg body weight single dose rather than 10 mg/kg body weight in a single dose when treating trichuriasis. PMID- 7221693 TI - Additional isolations of Japanese encephalitis virus from the Philippines. AB - Japanese encephalitis virus was isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex bitaenorhynchus and Anopheles annularis mosquitoes collected from San Jose, Nueva Ecija, South Central Luzon in the Philippines. This is the second report of the isolation of the virus from mosquitoes in the Philippine Islands. PMID- 7221694 TI - Immunological study of typhoid fever in man: humoral immune response. AB - Widal and indirect haemagglutination test were used to study the humoral immune response of 45 patients with typhoid fever. The Widal and IHA tests were positive in 41 (91.1%) and 42 (93.3%) of patients with typhoid fever after the second week of illness. Comparison between the Widal and IHA test showed that the latter was more sensitive as assessed by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test (p less than 0.01). The anti-LPS antibody belongs to all three classes of immunoglobulins namely IgG, IgM and IgA with the confinement mostly to IgG and IgM. It was found that the level of haemagglutinating enhancement activity was strongest in IgG class. The low level of anti LPS-antibody was found in healthy persons with the pattern of immunoglobulin class of antibody similar to that in patients with typhoid fever. PMID- 7221695 TI - Pulmonary artery obstruction in thalassaemia. AB - A new feature has been encountered in review of a large species of autopsy materials of beta-thalassaemia/Hb E disease. Among 43 patients pulmonary arterial obstructive lesions were found in 19 (44%), of which 17 were splenectomised cases. The pulmonary arterial thromboembolism may have been due to circulating platelet aggregates. This newly discovered pathology may be an additional factor contributing toward dyspnoea and heart failure in thalassaemia besides anaemia and cardiac iron deposition. If it is proven that this pulmonary arterial thromboembolism is indeed due to circulating platelet aggregates, preventive measure by administration of drugs reducing platelet aggregation such as aspirin and Persantin may be indicated, especially after splenectomy. PMID- 7221696 TI - Cysticercus racemosus in the fourth ventricle: report of two cases. AB - Two cases of cysticercosis of the racemosus type found in the fourth ventricle of the brain are presented. The symptoms were blurred vision or loss of consciousness and increased intracranial pressure. The condition recurred several times in one patient in whom repeated operations to remove the cysts were required. PMID- 7221697 TI - Transmammary transmission of Necator americanus larva in the human host. AB - The prevalence of Necator americanus in the 128 nursing mothers at Saraburi hospital was 61%. The examination of milk from these mothers revealed the presence of N. americanus in one case. The finding suggested that milk could be a potential source of hookworm infection in man. PMID- 7221698 TI - Immunoproliferative disease of the gastrointestinal tract: a report of five cases. AB - Five patients with immunoproliferative disease of the gastrointestinal tract are presented. The main pathological feature was dense diffuse lymphoplasmacytic and immunoblastic infiltration of the mucosa and submucosa, of the proximal small bowel in 3 cases and the stomach in 2. Four of the five patients had concomitant immunoblastic sarcoma. The clinical presentation and pathological findings are compared and contrasted with those of "Mediterranean abdominal lymphoma" and alpha chain disease, and the possible role of ethnogeographical and environmental factors in the pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 7221699 TI - Potential health hazards of the water resources development: a health survey in the Phitsanulok Irrigation Project, Nan River Basin, Northern Thailand. AB - A health survey was carried out among residents of 33 villages under the Phitsanulok Irrigation Project Area, Nan River Basin, Northern Thailand, whereby general health conditions were examined including intradermal tests for schistosomiasis japonica, stools for intestinal parasites and sera tested by circumoval precipitin test for antibodies to S. japonicum and by agglutination test for leptospiral infection. Health investigations revealed that 913 (60.9%) of 1,499 people examined had experienced gastro-intestinal disorders, 254 (17%) had poor oral hygiene and a few had mild anemia. 799 (62%) of 1,298 examined had intestinal parasites. Hookworm (45%) was most common, followed by Opisthorchis viverrini (20%), Entamoeba coli (10%), Ascaris lumbricoides (6%), intestinal flukes (2%), Enterobius vermicularis (1%) and Giardia lamblia (1%). 149 (10%) of 1,422 people gave positive skin reaction to crude S. japonicum antigen. Circumoval precipitin test was strongly positive in 7 (1.6%) persons out of 449 tested for schistosome infection and 6 (4.0%) out of 1,358 people were positive for leptospiral infection. The significant endemic diseases as potential health problems in this water resources development are discussed. PMID- 7221700 TI - Studies on the Liverpool and Malaysian strans of Aedes (Finlaya) togoi. AB - Comparative studies of vector efficiency were done with the Liverpool and Malaysian strains of Aedes (Finlaya) togoi for subperiodic Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi. The Malaysian strain of A. togoi was found to take in fewer microfilariae under the same experimental conditions than the Liverpool strain. Also, for various microfilarial densities in the host's peripheral blood, the Malaysian strain had less mean infective larvae per fed mosquito than the Liverpool strain. The microfilarial intake of A. togoi was not affected by the site of feeding on the host affected by the site of feeding on the host. Most of the mosquitoes took in fewer microfilariae than expected. It is concluded from these studies that the Malaysian strain of A. togoi is a susceptible and reasonably good vector for subperiodic B. malayi and B. pahangi. Further field studies should be carried out to determine its importance as a natural vector of Brugian filariasis. PMID- 7221701 TI - Vertical transmission of the hepatitis B surface antigen in Thailand. AB - The vertical transmission of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) from HBsAg carrier mothers to their infants and children were studied in 42 mother-infant pairs, 27 siblings aged under 5 years and 34 fathers of these families. Thirteen out of 42 (30.9%) infants born from these mothers became HBsAg carriers at 3 to 6 months of age. Vertical transmission to their infants (76.5%) and other siblings (88.9%) occurred only in those mothers with e-antigen (HBeAg) positive but none in HBsAg carrier mothers without HBeAg. Most of the HBsAg carrier babies (70.5%) and their siblings (77.7%) born from the carrier mothers with HBeAg positive also had HBeAg in their sera. Good correlation of the presence of HBeAg and higher titer of HBsAg was found both in HBsAg carrier mothers and in their off-springs. This study clearly shows that HBsAg carrier Thai mothers with HBeAg transmitted hepatitis B virus vertically to their infants and children more readily than do the HBsAg carrier mothers without HBeAg. PMID- 7221702 TI - [Assessment of social and economic loss due to morbidity]. PMID- 7221703 TI - [Problems in improving the work regimen for physicians of municipal polyclinics]. PMID- 7221704 TI - [Demand for specialized endocrinology beds]. PMID- 7221705 TI - [Development of the prophylactic trend in Soviet public health]. PMID- 7221706 TI - [Territorial and job aspects of cardiovascular morbidity]. PMID- 7221707 TI - [Health status and the physical development of the junior students in a medical college]. PMID- 7221709 TI - [Leninist principles of the education of youth]. PMID- 7221710 TI - [Population morbidity of developing countries of Southeast Asia]. PMID- 7221711 TI - [Pleural eosinophilia]. PMID- 7221708 TI - [Work of the permanent public health committee of a local soviet]. PMID- 7221713 TI - [Antibiotic treatment of complicated forms of acute suppurative destructive pneumonia in children]. PMID- 7221712 TI - [Bronchial asthma in persons working in contact with chemical allergens]. PMID- 7221714 TI - [Complex gastrochromoscopic and functional and morphological studies of the stomach]. PMID- 7221715 TI - [Electrocardiographic diagnosis of subendocardial myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7221716 TI - [Chronic duodenal obstruction in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7221717 TI - [Clinico-immunological variants of acute hepatitis B]. PMID- 7221720 TI - [Bronchial ECG in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7221718 TI - [Anatomo-functional substantiation of the surgical treatment of hydronephrosis]. PMID- 7221719 TI - [Autonomic disorders in Bell's palsy]. PMID- 7221721 TI - [Antidiuretic hormone and clinical syndromes of antidiuretic function disorders]. PMID- 7221723 TI - [Treatment of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia]. PMID- 7221722 TI - [Work capacity evaluation of young chronic alcoholics]. PMID- 7221725 TI - [Cortisol and corticosterone in the pathogenesis and therapy of chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 7221724 TI - [Bronchological methods of treating chronic suppurative lung diseases]. PMID- 7221726 TI - [Hyperdiagnosis of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7221727 TI - [Autologous transfusion in surgical practice]. PMID- 7221728 TI - [Prevention of lumbar osteochondrosis in workers at a large industrial plant]. PMID- 7221729 TI - [Hereditary syndrome of Q-T elongation on the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 7221730 TI - [Cardiac changes in Buschke's scleredema]. PMID- 7221731 TI - [Infectious contamination of anesthetic equipment]. PMID- 7221732 TI - [Changes in the nervous system in acute intermittent porphyria. Light and electron microscopy study]. PMID- 7221733 TI - [A normal cholecystogram obtained by radiologic and pharmacologic methods of research]. PMID- 7221735 TI - [Modern surgery for congenital ptosis]. PMID- 7221734 TI - [Characteristics of the arterial vascularization of the transverse colon]. PMID- 7221736 TI - [Gaucher's disease (adult year) in one family]. PMID- 7221738 TI - [Aortic insufficiency and heart conduction disorders in ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 7221737 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic approach in spontaneous rupture of intracranial aneurysms]. PMID- 7221739 TI - [Primary ovarian pregnancy. Case report]. PMID- 7221741 TI - [Progress in computerized tomography of the orbit]. PMID- 7221740 TI - [Echocardiography of postinfarction aneurysms]. PMID- 7221742 TI - [Angiography and computer tomography--competitive procedures?]. PMID- 7221743 TI - [The mediastinal vascular lesion--angiography or computerized tomography?]. PMID- 7221744 TI - [Computerized tomography and angiography--competitive procedures in kidney diagnosis?]. PMID- 7221745 TI - [Computerized tomography and angiography--competitive procedures in liver diagnosis?]. PMID- 7221746 TI - [Angiography and computerized tomography--competitive procedures in pancreas diagnosis?]. PMID- 7221747 TI - [The computerized tomography in orthopedics and traumatology]. PMID- 7221748 TI - [Development of angiography frequencies before and after the introduction of whole-body computerized tomography at the clinic of the city of Mannheim]. PMID- 7221749 TI - [Radiation exposure and radiation protection in computerized tomography]. PMID- 7221750 TI - [Acetaminophen and alcohol]. PMID- 7221751 TI - Solvent abuse in black children in Natal. PMID- 7221752 TI - Congenital facial abnormalities--establishment of a unit in the Western Cape. PMID- 7221753 TI - Safety of anaesthetic machines. PMID- 7221754 TI - The control of pain and stiffness in the osteo-arthritic hand. PMID- 7221755 TI - Hiatus hernia in infancy and childhood. AB - Regurgitation of stomach contents is common in babies. One of the causes is gastro-oesophageal reflux due to an incompetent lower oesophageal sphincter, which may or may not be associated with a sliding hiatus hernia. Persistence of this defect will result in a pathological entity leading to reflux oesophagitis. If this symptom complex is not recognized, early disabling complications will result. The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the symptomatology of gastro-oesophageal reflux and hiatus hernia in infancy and childhood so as to improve our understanding of this entity and consequently allow earlier diagnosis, appropriate treatment and prevention of complications. PMID- 7221756 TI - Haemoglobin Leiden in a South African negro. A case report. AB - A Black patient in whom an acute febrile illness was followed by a haemolytic crisis is presented. Investigation of the haemolytic anaemia showed the presence of an unstable haemoglobin which was found to be haemoglobin Leiden. Those members of the family who were available for investigation also had the unstable haemoglobin but showed no haemolysis. Radio-isotope studies on the patient confirmed haemolysis but showed that the spleen was not the main site of cell destruction. PMID- 7221757 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis in South Africa. A report of 2 cases. AB - Eosinophilic fasciitis was first described by Shulman in 1974 and is characterized by oedema of the extremities, peripheral eosinophilia, hypergammaglobulinaemia and inflammation of the deep fascia. The condition has not been previously reported in South Africa. We describe 2 cases seen at the Rheumatology Clinic of the Johannesburg Hospital recently. The most striking clinical features were the marked palmar fascial thickening and oedema of the hands and feet. The latter is said to be uncommon in this syndrome and mimicked the early changes of scleroderma. Furthermore, blood eosinophilia may also occur in scleroderma. Our patients illustrated the extremely variable laboratory features in this disorder. In accordance with previous findings in the literature, visceral involvement was absent in our cases. We suggest that in patients without Raynaud's phenomenon who present with scleroderma-like changes of the distal extremities, a diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis should be excluded by a full-thickness biopsy. PMID- 7221758 TI - Chikungunya virus infections. PMID- 7221760 TI - Foam elastomer dressings in surgery. AB - A wound dressing prepared from silicone which is catalysed by a gas-producing activatory is described. The resultant foam elastomer is soft, comfortable and easy to prepare, and can be removed, cleaned and reinserted by the patient with minimal instruction and formality. It promises to be a highly cost-effective dressing, with a particularly wide range of potential applications. PMID- 7221759 TI - Haemoptysis with no radiological evidence of tumour - the value of early bronchoscopy. AB - Thirty-two patients who presented with haemoptysis and in whom a chest radiograph showed no suggestion of a tumour are reviewed. Six had bronchogenic carcinoma diagnosed by bronchoscopy and 1 had an adenoid cystic tumour of the trachea. Flexible fibre-optic bronchoscopy is a safe and easy method of excluding a tumour of the tracheobronchial tree as the cause of haemoptysis and should be performed early in patients who present with this symptom, regardless of the findings on chest radiography. PMID- 7221761 TI - A field application of exercise testing in ischaemic heart disease. AB - When values before and after a walking programme were compared in 6 subjects who had had a myocardial infarction, it was found that there was a statistically significant improvement in VO2max, the respective means being 1,66 (+/- 0,57) and 2,07 (+/- 0,25) l/min. Blood pressures recorded during stress testing are shown; these served as guides in terminating exercise. Co-operation between the doctor, the physiotherapist and the physical educator was so productive that it is felt that greater interdisciplinary understanding in the rehabilitation field is highly desirable. PMID- 7221762 TI - The role of the advanced clinical nurse in a hypertension clinic. AB - The use of advanced clinical nurses (ACNs) has enabled expansion of the Hypertension Clinic at the Johannesburg Hospital. The ACNs care for elderly patients whose hypertension is stable and who require a minimum of drugs. Blood pressure control in this group of patients is satisfactory and the default rate is low. The ACN therefore appears acceptable, at least to the patient. However, problems of continuing education, evaluation and official recognition remain. The case for allowing the ACN to prescribe from a limited pharmacopoeia is presented. PMID- 7221763 TI - Applied epidemiology and logic in tuberculosis control. AB - The epidemiology of tuberculosis is reviewed, with particular reference to the risk of tuberculosis disease after infection with the tubewrcle bacillus. It is concluded that suppressive or sterilizing chemotherapy for infected but otherwise healthy individuals in certain high-risk groups is indicated, whatever the risk of infection and the theoretical risk of reinfection; and that radiological examination of symptomatic persons will defect many potential sources of infection, whereas patients with microscopically positive sputum have infected many of their contacts before diagnosis. Poor nutrition is considered to be of importance in the epidemiology of tuberculosis. PMID- 7221764 TI - Vitamin B12 neuropathy in the absence of anaemia. A case report. AB - A case of severe vitamin B12 neuropathy (subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord) in the absence of anaemia is described and a short review of the literature presented. PMID- 7221766 TI - Leiomyoma of the ovary. A report of 3 cases. AB - Three cases of leiomyoma of the ovary are presented. The ages of patients ranged from 35 to 42 years. In 2 patients there were associated uterine fibromyomas but the ovarian tumour appeared to be primary at that site. The symptoms of these 2 patients were associated with pathological lesions of the uterus. In the 3rd patient the tumour was an incidental finding on routine examination. PMID- 7221765 TI - Renal amoebic abscess detected on grey-scale ultrasonography. A case report. AB - Ultrasound scanning performed on a patient to exclude a liver abscess was negative, but demonstrated a fluid-filled lesion situated at the lower pole of the right kidney. This was confirmed on excretory urography and angiography, and aspiration produced typical amoebic pus. THe evidence for this diagnosis and the probably route of infection are discussed. The literature on renal amoebiasis is reviewed. PMID- 7221767 TI - Yersinia arthritis mimicking acute rheumatic fever. A case report. AB - A reactive or post-infectious arthritis is a well-known complication of yersinia enterocolitica infection and tends to occur in patients with the HLA-B27 haplotype. We describe such a patient, who in addition satisfied the revised Jones criteria for a diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. Our case illustrates that arthritis due to Yersinia may mimic acute rheumatic fever both clinically and serologically. In areas where Yersinia infection is known to occur, infection with this organism should be excluded in all patients who satisfy the revised Jones criteria. PMID- 7221768 TI - Factors influencing caesarean section wound sepsis. PMID- 7221769 TI - Applied economics in medical practice-incomes profile, 1977. PMID- 7221770 TI - Experience with acute poisoning in an intensive care unit. A review of 103 cases. AB - We present our experience with 103 adults with acute poisoning severe enough to warrant admission to the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) of the Johannesburg Hospital. They comprise only 6,1% of all adult cases of poisoning admitted to the hospital during the same 3-year period. The mortality rate was 5,8%. Active support of vital functions is the focal point of therapy and will ensure a favourable outcome in the majority of cases. PMID- 7221771 TI - Hypopituitarism. A 3-year study. AB - During a 3-year period of 16 Black and Indian patients were diagnosed as having hypopituitarism. Their ages ranged from 9 to 58 years; 9 were women. Headaches and visual disturbances constituted the commonest presenting symptoms, and this was related to the fact that tumours accounted for the hypopituitarism in 11 of the 16 patients. The commonest hormonal deficiency was of growth hormone and the commonest combined deficiency was of growth hormone and gonadotrophin. Hyperprolactinaemia was present in 4 patients. The spectrum of hypopituitarism ranged from 1 patient with monohypopituitarism to 2 patients who were deficient in all the hormones tested, the majority of patients, however, being deficient in only some of the hormones. PMID- 7221772 TI - Comparative ratios of carcinoma of the vagina and cervix in different population groups. AB - A retrospective study of squamous carcinoma of the vagina at Baragwanath Hospital over a period of 20 years shows that the incidence of this condition is much lower than that reported in other series. In addition, the ratio of primary carcinoma of the vagina to that of the cervix is much lower than in comparable studies. The age distribution, aetiology and the sexual characteristics of the Black population are discussed. PMID- 7221773 TI - Ultrasound examination before amniocentesis. Its effect on cell culture for cytogenetic studies. AB - In order to obtain metaphases plates from amniotic fluid cells for chromosome analysis, amniocentesis is performed on patients who are at risk of carrying a fetus with genetic disorders. Ultrasound examination is routinely done before amniocentesis as an aid to the latter procedure and to obtain clinical data concerning the fetus. Speculation that ultrasound examination would reduce the number of blood-stained taps obtained at amniocentesis and maybe also inhibit the growth of amniotic fluid cells in culture is discussed, based on findings in this laboratory over a 3-year period. PMID- 7221774 TI - Evaluation of certain current chloramphenicol assay methods. AB - The rapid assay of chloramphenicol in serum and cerebrospinal fluid is an important service to the clinician, especially in the paediatric setting. More than 3 years' experience in the use of chloramphenicol transacetylase in conjunction with 14C-acetyl co-enzyme A has proved that this is an accurate method. PMID- 7221777 TI - The Day Hospitals Organization. AB - The first 10 years of a primary health service in the Cape Peninsula are reviewed. The importance of primary care and self-care with regard to health resources is stressed. For such a service to be effective and co-ordinated with hospital specialist services requires the input of specialist expertise, which is timely but not timeless. The results of such paediatric and obstetric specialist input and the "bait" of care for current illness to involve patients in preventive and self-care measures are shown. PMID- 7221776 TI - The importance of ergonovine maleate provocation in the diagnosis of coronary artery spasm. A case report. AB - Ergonovine maleate produced transient vasospastic occlusion of the entire left anterior descending coronary artery in a young woman with atypical angina pectoris and normal coronary arteries. Electrocardiographic evidence of extensive anterior subendocardial ischaemia persisted for days after an episode of spontaneous pain, suggesting that the patient was at risk of developing completed infarction due to coronary spasm. PMID- 7221775 TI - Diving injuries to the cervical spinal cord. AB - Injury to the cervical spinal cord due to diving into shallow water is a frequent occurrence. The clinical and radiological features of 46 patients are described, and the mechanism of injury is discussed. These serious accidents are avoidable, and preventive measures are suggested. First-aid management is briefly outlined. PMID- 7221778 TI - [Vitamin E - yes or no?]. PMID- 7221779 TI - Reflections on "Good Life, Good Death' by Christiaan Barnard. PMID- 7221780 TI - Cytosolic oestrogen receptor content of breast cancer tissue in blacks and whites. AB - We have examined the oestradiol receptor (ER) content of cytosols from 560 Black and White patients. The tumours from the White group contained a significantly lower proportion on ER-negative tumors (35.4%) compared with those from the Black group (46.5%). The proportion of ER-positive tumours is significantly greater in the post- than in th premenopausal White group. The frequencies of ER-positive tumours in the post- and premenopausal Black groups are not significantly different, resembling the situation described by others in Japanese women. PMID- 7221781 TI - Obstructive jaundice in pancreatitis. AB - Twelve patients with obstructive jaundice as a direct result of pancreatitis or its complications are described. The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of this condition is stressed. The criteria for surgical intervention and the operation of choice are discussed. PMID- 7221782 TI - Adult coeliac disease in South Africa. An analysis of 20 cases emphasizing atypical presentations. AB - This is the first comprehensive report of coeliac disease from South Africa. Twenty patients with adult coeliac disease diagnosed in Johannesburg between 1966 and 1978 are reviewed. It is noted that a significant number did not present with the classic features of the disease. Secondary nutritional manifestations were frequently absent, and may have been masked in some patients by self-medication or by the prescription of vitamins and haematinics before the diagnosis was made. The majority of patients were from the middle or upper socio-economic class, and few complained of anorexia, nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain. It is therefore possible that many maintained an adequate intake of nutrients throughout the course of their illness. The severity of diarrhoea and steatorrhoea did not correlate with the state of nutrition of the patients as assessed by a variety of blood studies. Megacolon, present in 2 patients, responded to a gluten-free diet. An interesting observation was that patients diagnosed after the age of 40 years had been symptomatic for a much shorter period of time than younger patients. PMID- 7221783 TI - Effects of three prostaglandin analogues on lysosomal enzyme activities and ultrastructural morphology of luteal cells in the chacma baboon. AB - The effects were studied of three different prostaglandin analogues on lysosomal cathepsin D and acid phosphatase activities in the corpus luteum of the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus). Lysosomal latency was found to be increased by these agents, as well as the total particulate activities of both enzymes. A comparison of total post-treatment cathepsin D values with control values showed a significant increase in activity with time; this did not apply to acid phosphatase. Concomitant electron microscopic studies showed a higher cellular content of lysosomes, consistent with the greater particulate activities recorded. Definitive evidence of progressive ultrastructural changes was consistently found in corpora lutea from prostaglandin analogue-treated baboons. It is proposed that the mechanism of luteolysis induced by prostaglandin analogues in this primate species is based on induction of the formation of primary lysosomes which cause cellular degeneration through autosegregation and enzymatic digestion of cell organelles in secondary lysosomes. PMID- 7221784 TI - Overdistraction of cervical spinal injuries? AB - Skeletal traction using skull tongs is an effective standard method of treating cervical vertebral fractures and dislocations. The effects of such traction on the cervical spine are unpredictable, since the degree of soft-tissue damage associated with bony injury varies and therefore cannot be accurately assessed. Traction is potentially harmful to the injured spinal cord. The importance of careful evaluation of the subtle radiological signs of cervical soft-tissue injury, and close radiographic monitoring of patients undergoing skeletal traction, are stressed. PMID- 7221786 TI - Psychological aspects of the treatment of the breast cancer patient. PMID- 7221785 TI - An undergraduate Balint group in Cape Town. AB - Five months' experience of a Balint group composed of 5th year medical students and a general practitioner facilitator is reported. The students found that the group helped to fill a big gap in their current training, i.e. in the area of the doctor-patient relationship. It is now widely accepted that understanding and skills in the psychological aspects of general practice are of great importance, not only because of the high incidence of such problems but because of the role of psychological factors in physical illness. For example, studies have demonstrated that the single most important factor determining the extent of patient compliance with the doctor's instructions for treatment is the quality of the doctor-patient relationship. PMID- 7221787 TI - Immunological assessment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis--evaluation of the effects of propranolol. AB - Some humoral and cellular immune functions were evaluated in a group of 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis before and after 3 months of treatment with the beta-blocking agent propranolol. Humoral parameters measured were serum immunoglobulins including IgE, auto-antibodies, C-reactive protein, total haemolytic complement activity and the complement components C3 and C4. Cellular functions assessed were polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis, phagocytosis and postphagocytic nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, hexose monophosphate shunt activity and myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination of ingested protein; lymphocyte transformation to the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A was also investigated. No alteration of humoral factors and neutrophil functions was observed following propranolol administration (40 mg 3 times a day), but lymphocyte transformation was significantly increased. Improved lymphocyte function did not correlate with clinical improvement. PMID- 7221788 TI - Respiratory symptoms and lung function in black and white mining and non-mining industrial workers in South Africa. AB - The results of a number of chronic respiratory disease surveys carried out in the RSA are presented. Data for Whites and Blacks are compared, and the effect of smoking habits in the two ethnic groups is reported. The results are discussed in the light of other reports on ethnic differences in the literature. PMID- 7221790 TI - Knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to obesity and coronary artery disease. Results of a baseline study conducted among white parents and potential parents in the south-western Cape Province. AB - A baseline survey to determine the existing knowledge, attitudes and customs concerning different aspects of nutrition was conducted among adults in the south western Cape Province. This was the first phase in a long-term research project launched with a view to developing a nutritional guidance programme in order to combat the high mortality rate attributed to coronary heart disease. PMID- 7221789 TI - Decreased expression of receptors on monocytes from cancer patients. AB - The expression of crystallizable fragment and complement receptor sites was significantly decreased on the peripheral blood monocytes from 10 patients with advanced carcinoma. In addition the phagocytic activity of these cells was depressed, although no differences in the content of lysosomal enzymes could be demonstrated by staining techniques. These results suggest that the functions of monocytes from such cancer patients may be severely depressed. PMID- 7221791 TI - Rheumatic constrictive pericarditis. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of calcific constrictive pericarditis in a young White woman with a convincing history of previous acute rheumatic fever complicated by a possible valvular lesion is presented. Cardiac catheterization confirmed the suspicion of significant cardiac compression. Successful pericardiectomy was carried out, but microscopical examination of the excised pericardium failed to demonstrate a cause. In view of the strong past history of acute rheumatic fever and mild mitral insufficiency demonstrated at cardiac catheterization, the author proposes that the calcific constrictive pericarditis was of rheumatic origin. A review of the literature on the association between rheumatic infection and constrictive pericarditis follows. PMID- 7221792 TI - Digitalis-quinidine interaction. PMID- 7221793 TI - [Compulsory contracts for student radiographers]. PMID- 7221794 TI - Ten years' experience with benzbromarone in the management of gout and hyperuricaemia. AB - The results over 10 years in 200 patients (103 with gout and 97 with hyperuricaemia) treated with benzbromarone 75 - 120 mg/d are reported. The average stable decrease in the serum uric acid level was 54%. The severity and incidence of articular manifestations in the patients with gout were reduced by 75% before the end of the 1st year of treatment; relapses were very uncommon in the following years. In all cases tophaceous deposits disappeared within 6 - 18 months. Adequate fluid intake and alkalinization of urine effectively contributed to a low incidence of urinary incidents (3%), although 35% of the patients were overexcretors of urate before treatment and 33% had a previous history of urolithiasis or associated urinary problems. The drug was well tolerated by 96% of the patients. Renal tolerance has been demonstrated by routine urinalysis and functional tests, as has the long-term safety of the drug with regard to the liver, nervous system and eyes. The biological and clinical results suggest that benzbromarone should be considered as the drug of choice in the majority of gouty and hyperuricaemic patients. PMID- 7221795 TI - [The Kleihauer-Bekte test in cases of suspected ectopic pregnancy]. AB - Ectopic pregnancy is often difficult to diagnose, particularly in population groups that are prone to pelvic infections. In this study the use of the Kleihauer-Betke test for fetomaternal bleeding was examined in an attempt to improve diagnostic accuracy. The test was performed in 23 patients with ectopic pregnancies and in 19 control patients with normal intra-uterine pregnancies. Both groups were of more or less the same gestational age and parity. Whereas the test was positive in 31% of the control patients, indicating fetomaternal bleeding, it was positive in only 3 patients (13%) in the experimental group. The volume of fetomaternal blood in these 3 cases was 0,05 ml, 0,6 ml and 0.8 ml. These results indicate that the Kleihauer-Betke test is not a useful aid to diagnose cases of possible ectopic pregnancy, but confirm the fact that steps should be taken to prevent iso-immunization in susceptible cases. PMID- 7221796 TI - Train accident victims in Johannesburg. A survey of patients at Baragwanath Hospital, November 1979 to April 1980. AB - A survey has been carried out on injuries resulting from railway accidents in the Johannesburg district. The train injury was often associated with violent personal assault. The nature of injuries was varied, but there was a high incidence of amputated or crushed limbs and a relatively high incidence of injury to more than one limb. PMID- 7221797 TI - Unusual presentation of pyogenic spinal epidural abscess. A case report. AB - A patient with pyogenic spinal epidural abscess is presented, in whom features suggestive of tuberculous arachnoiditis were initially present. The differential diagnosis and management of the two conditions are reviewed. PMID- 7221798 TI - Monoclonal gammopathy in a patient with chronic active hepatitis. A case report. AB - A case of chronic active hepatitis associated with monoclonal gammopathy (MG) is reported. In addition, the patient had Bence-Jones proteinuria, which is said to be an unusual finding in benign MG. Although a polyclonal increase in immunoglobulins is not uncommon in patients with liver disease, MG is relatively rare. No evidence of malignant disease was found in our patient, but it should be noted that numerous malignant disorders occur with increased frequency in patients with benign MG. A further reason for careful follow-up in these patients is that the paraproteinaemia itself may become malignant with time. PMID- 7221800 TI - A glabrous Microsporum canis in Greater London. AB - A variant of Microsporum canis, which produces glabrous colonies on primary culture, has been frequently isolated from cases of scalp and body ringworm by this department. The records of this laboratory, which undertakes a diagnostic service covering most of the Greater London Area, show that the prevalence of M. canis among scalp infections has increased during the past ten years, and this species is presently responsible for the majority of cases diagnosed by culture. The glabrous form now represents one third of the scalp isolates of M. canis and it has been found most commonly in the West and South of Greater London. PMID- 7221799 TI - Hepatic involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. A case report. AB - The existence of hepatic involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still contested in the literature. We report a patient with SLE and deranged liver function tests, especially marked elevation of alkaline phosphatase levels, an association not hitherto described. These changes have persisted for 3 1/2 years with no evidence of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) on liver biopsy or biliary obstruction. Current concepts of liver involvement in SLE, 'lupoid' hepatitis and aspirin hepatotoxicity are reviewed. PMID- 7221801 TI - Human infections with Trichophyton mentagrophytes var erinacei in Melbourne, Australia. PMID- 7221802 TI - [Comparative study of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton verrucosum]. AB - Two species of the genus Trichophyton are described T. mentagrophytes and T. verrucosum, etiological agents of ringworm in rabbits. They are distinguished by their macroscopic and microscopic features, their ability to produce enzymes and their ability to utilize and ferment carbohydrates. PMID- 7221803 TI - [Laughing as an epileptic manifestation]. PMID- 7221804 TI - Rosaramicin and tetracycline treatment in Chlamydia trachomatis-positive and negative nongonococcal urethritis. AB - Rosaramicin, a new macrolide antibiotic, is active in vitro against Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Its efficacy in the treatment of uncomplicated nongonococcal urethritis was evaluated in 78 men. There were two parallel groups, one receiving rosaramicin and the other receiving tetracycline (dosage of either drug, 250 mg four times daily for seven days); all data were evaluated blindly. The follow-up period was six weeks. C. trachomatis was eliminated from all of 21 patients receiving rosaramicin and from 25 of 26 patients receiving tetracycline. C. trachomatis-negative patients responded clinically to both treatments. The results suggest that these two antibiotics yield similar clinical outcomes in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis in adult men. PMID- 7221805 TI - Application of the limulus lysate assay in evaluation of disseminated gonorrhea in women. AB - The limulus lysate assay was utilized as a diagnostic adjunct in the evaluation of three cases of disseminated gonorrhea in women. Although not a specific test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the limulus lysate assay, when used with properly diluted endocervical samples, gave results that correlated with conventional diagnostic techniques. If the advantages and limitations of the limulus lysate assay become fully appreciated, it may serve as a useful clinical tool for diagnosis of this syndrome. PMID- 7221806 TI - Primary syphilis following a human bite. AB - The case of a 34-year-old man with primary syphilis is described. The lesions developed on his penis 11 weeks after he sustained a human bite in the same area. Oral administration of cephalexin for five days did not prevent the infection buy may have prolonged the incubation period. PMID- 7221807 TI - Confirmatory serodiagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis may yield false positive results due to other chlamydial infections of the rectum. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from rectal swab specimens taken from six of 18 homosexual men with presumed lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) proctitis. All 18 men met standard serologic criteria for the diagnosis of LGV (complement-fixing antibody titer, greater than 1:16; microimmunofluorescent IgG antibody titer, greater than 1:1,000). However, four of the six chlamydial isolates were non-LGV strains of C. trachomatis. It is suggested that these strains may cause proctitis and result in the exuberant antibody response associated with LGV. Thus, serologic confirmation of LGV proctitis may be "false-positive" in the sense that it reflects other chlamydial infections. PMID- 7221808 TI - Treponematosis from pinta to venereal syphilis revisited: hypothesis for temperature determination of disease patterns. PMID- 7221809 TI - [3d National Symposium on Advances in Hemotherapy. Madrid, 2-3 May 1980]. PMID- 7221810 TI - [Evaluation of the etiological associations in immune hemolytic anemias]. PMID- 7221811 TI - [Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria]. PMID- 7221812 TI - [Platelet structure. Platelet function]. PMID- 7221813 TI - [Platelet transfusion. Methods]. PMID- 7221814 TI - Pathogenetic and diagnostic aspects of immune thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7221815 TI - [Present and future of hemotherapy in Spain]. PMID- 7221816 TI - [Function and development of the Blood Donor Fraternities]. PMID- 7221818 TI - [Role of hospitals]. PMID- 7221817 TI - [Relation between the hematology and hemotherapy services and the Blood Donor Fraternities]. PMID- 7221819 TI - [Functions of the administration (hemotherapy)]. PMID- 7221821 TI - Organization of blood centers. PMID- 7221820 TI - [Problems of hemotherapy in Spain. Suggestions for its organization in the future]. PMID- 7221822 TI - Serological profile of auto-immune haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 7221823 TI - Platelet transfusion. PMID- 7221824 TI - [Minor haemoglobins and the long-term metabolic control of the diabetic patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221825 TI - [Immunoglobulin subclasses and multiple myeloma. Clinico-biological correlations, with special reference to IgG3 myelomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221826 TI - [Tumour-cell mass and clinical stages in multiple myeloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221827 TI - [Molecular characterization of G6PD in 24 cases of enzimatic deficiency, description of a new variant (G6PD-Betica) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221828 TI - [Repeated cerebrovascular accidents in a hypertensive young woman. Assessment of the alterations of platelet aggregation, PF-4 and coagulation parameters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221829 TI - [Drepanocytic anaemia, bone marrow infarction and probable fat embolism. Report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221831 TI - [Neutropenic enterocolitis in benign agranulocytosis]. PMID- 7221830 TI - [Favism and eccentrocytosis]. PMID- 7221832 TI - [Influence of ellagic acid and heparin on coagulation, fibrinolysis and metastasis in traumatized animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221833 TI - Evaluation of disability insurance savings due to beneficiary rehabilitation. AB - This article uses individual vocational rehabilitation case data and disability insurance (DI) benefit histories from the master beneficiary record file to compare the costs and savings to the DI trust fund associated with the beneficiary rehabilitation program. Using cost-benefit procedures and varying assumptions as to the impact of vocational rehabilitation services, the savings to the trust fund were found to range between $1.39 and $2.72 per $1.00 of cost for DI beneficiaries who completed their vocational rehabilitation service period in fiscal year 1975. Calculating savings according to the length of the savings period revealed that expenditures for vocational rehabilitation services to these beneficiaries would be fully repaid within 10 years after closure. It was also discovered that the loss of savings due to return to the DI rolls substantially exceeds the increased payroll tax revenue accruing to the trust fund from post vocational rehabilitation employment. PMID- 7221834 TI - Impact on widows of proposed changes in OASI mother's benefits. AB - This article examines the impact of a proposal that would terminate mother's and father's benefits when the youngest child in the care of a surviving spouse reaches age 16, rather than age 18, as in current law. Losses to families and savings to the social security program are estimated by taking into account 1977 benefit receipts and provisions in the Social Security Act that would have affected benefit size in that year. The study reveals that very few widowers would have lost any income if such a provision had been in effect at that time. Two-thirds of the families headed by widows with a youngest child aged 16-17, however, would have lost some income. Sixteen percent would have had family incomes below the poverty line without mother's benefits-10 percent already below the line and 6 percent that would have fallen below it because of the change. Fewer families with children under age 16 than with youngest children aged 16-17 would have lost benefits, but more would have been in poverty. An analysis of the characteristics of widows who might use a short-term training benefit if one were made available to them suggests that such a benefit would not be used by those widows who are neediest economically and educationally. PMID- 7221835 TI - Administrative expenses under OASDI. AB - Costs of administering old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) are of interest both to specialists in income maintenance and to the general public. This article presents a summary of these expenses compared with several important bases: Contribution income, benefit payments, and taxable payroll. An index is developed and used to analyze changes in administrative expense levels from 1960 through 1979. Over the long run, the cost of operate OASDI per unit of work has increased more slowly than for service industries in general, a trend that should continue in the old-age and survivors insurance program (OASI). Although implementing the 1980 Disability Amendments will raise disability insurance (DI) unit costs, these higher expenses are necessary to obtain the more selective benefit payments provided in this cost-saving legislation. PMID- 7221836 TI - Aged widows and OASDI: age at and economic status before and after receipt of benefits. AB - This article, which is based on panel data from the Retirement History Study, analyzes the economic status of widows in late middle age. Its objectives are threefold: (1) To describe the income, labor-force, and demographic characteristics of widows 2 to 3 years before they become eligible for old-age benefits under the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) program; (2) to examine the age at which they elect benefits and the characteristics associated with that decision; and (3) to compare their economic status before and after they begin collecting benefits. The findings show that employment during the pre-OASDI period greatly influenced a widow's benefit-timing decision. Among workers, the decision was related to earnings, occupation, job tenure, extent of employment, income from assets, pension coverage, monthly benefit amount, and work limitations. Earnings and monthly benefit amount were important pivotal variables. Although the majority of widows experienced a reduction in their standard of living after moving into beneficiary status, a sizable minority -made up mainly of the most economically disadvantaged--experienced and improvement. PMID- 7221837 TI - Quantitative cell fusion: derivation and application of theoretical models. AB - Cell fusion experiments were made on ten cell lines representing seven mammalian species, using inactivated Sendai virus. The extent of fusion was determined microscopically and tabulated as frequencies of cell with different numbers of nuclei. Expected distributions were derived theoretically under certain assumptions concerning the fusion process. A random model was assumed according to which the tendency to fuse depends only on the cell size, expressed as the number of nuclei present in the cell. Three distributions were derived, which were referred to as the simple, additive, and multiplicative models. The additive model pertained to fusions made in cell suspensions and the multiplicative one mainly to fusions in fibroblast monolayers. PMID- 7221839 TI - A prospective evaluation of indirect methods for detecting carotid atherosclerosis. AB - The statistical efficacy of three indirect techniques for noninvasive diagnosis of carotid artery disease was assessed in a prospective, blind study of 103 persons. Oculoplethysmography-carotid phonoangiography, periorbital Doppler examination and supraorbital photoplethysmography were acceptably sensitive only to carotid artery occlusions and preocclusive carotid artery stenoses exceeding a 75 per cent diameter reduction. Less pronounced lesions could not be reliably detected by any of the techniques used either singly or in combination. Supraorbital photoplethysmography proved inferior to the other methods because of its poor specificity rate. PMID- 7221838 TI - Elimination of mitochondrial elements and improved viability in hybrid cells. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine whether the mitochondria-specific dye rhodamine-6G (R6G) can affect transmission of cytoplasmic determinants in mammalian cells. When one parental cell type was treated with R6G prior to fusion with an untreated partner, the subsequent hybridization frequencies in both intra and interspecific crosses were not adversely affected, even though R6G was extremely toxic to the parental cells. In addition, cells lethally treated with R6G could be rescued by fusion with cytoplasm alone from untreated cells. When chloramphenicol (CAP) resistant cells were used as the R6G-treated parent, the expression of CAP resistance in hybrids and cybrids was greatly reduced. Thus R6G can be used to control the input of cytoplasmic determinants into fused cells. In the interspecific (Chinese hamster x mouse) crosses, it was also seen that the majority of hybrids which had not been R6G pretreated grew poorly or degenerated after a short time. In contrast, nearly all hybrids in crosses where the hamster parent was R6G pretreated grew vigorously. The concomitant elimination of inviability and loss of mitochondrial determinants in R6G-pretreated hybrids suggests that interactions involving mitochondrial gene products or components can influence growth characteristics in interspecific somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 7221840 TI - The significance of elevation of serum phosphate levels in experimental intestinal ischemia. AB - It has been suggested that the serum phosphate level is significantly elevated early in massive intestinal infarction. We attempted to determine whether or not this elevation in serum phosphate level is indeed an early and reliable diagnostic finding and to define the relationship between this elevation, the re establishment of mesenteric blood flow and the viability of the intestinal wall. Significant elevation in serum phosphate value occurred after four hours of ischemia. This was associated with irreversibility of the ischemic process and intestinal necrosis according to an intravenous fluorescein test and pathologic data. The results of other superior mesenteric artery-12 parameters followed were erratic and appeared to have no diagnostic value in acute mesenteric arterial occlusion. Significant serum phosphate level elevation occurs in arterial intestinal ischemia, but this is not an early diagnostic sign, becoming significant only after irreversible necrosis of the intestine. PMID- 7221841 TI - Maximal inspiratory volume and postoperative pulmonary complications. AB - The results of this study indicate that, in order to use any method of respiratory therapy intelligently and effectively in the postoperative period, it is imperative to know the preoperative maximal inspiratory volume of the patient and to measure the inspired volume during treatment. Only then can a physician determine if specific treatment is necessary at all, and if it is, whether or not incentive spirometry would be of greater benefit to the patient than intermittent positive pressure breathing therapy. PMID- 7221842 TI - An increase in vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in canine endotoxin shock. AB - Some of the many metabolic and cardiovascular activities and effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide are quite similar to the changes observed in endotoxin shock. The changes occurring in plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide levels during canine endotoxin shock were studied. Vasoactive intestinal peptide levels were markedly and significantly elevated following the administration of endotoxin, corresponding well with the drop in systemic blood pressure. In the dogs surviving the experiment, plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide levels returned to normal levels after 24 hours, corresponding well with the restoration of normal hemodynamic values. Surviving dogs exhibited significantly lower vasoactive intestinal peptide levels than did nonsurvivors. Many of the biologic activities of vasoactive intestinal peptide make it suitable for counteracting endotoxemia, thus acting as the defense of the body against endotoxin. However, the lower vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in the surviving dogs rather points to vasoactive intestinal peptide as a causative factor in canine endotoxemia. PMID- 7221843 TI - Restoration of the absent femoral pulse. AB - One hundred and eighty-three consecutive operations for ischemia of the lower limb were performed to restore an absent femoral pulse. Ninety-seven patients considered to be fit had an aortofemoral or iliofemoral bypass graft and 86 high risk patients had a femorofemoral or axillofemoral graft. The best results were obtained in those with the aortofemoral or iliofemoral grafts, but superficial grafts were a satisfactory alternative even in the unfit patients with critical ischemia. PMID- 7221844 TI - Effects of glycerol pretreatment upon biliary or venous grafts in bile duct replacement. AB - With the use of microsurgical procedures, sequential studies have been done to compare the short and long term outcome of the bile duct and the femoral vein as autogenous bioprostheses of the bile duct. Nonpretreated grafts of both types are associated with an early superficial cell loss, either epithelial or endothelial. An initial biliary sludge resulted with further consequences, that in biliary stasis, lithiasis and biliary cirrhosis. Both grafted ducts became epithelialized but were the site of an extensive inflammatory reaction followed by fibrosis within the underlying connective tissue and retraction of the graft. On the contrary, pretreatment of the grafts by immersion in concentrated glycerol allowed the initial cell shedding to occur before implantation. The process of epithelialization and glandular formation was not altered in these conditions, whereas the inflammatory and fibrotic reaction in the duct wall was reduced or absent. PMID- 7221845 TI - Transvenous adrenalectomy for advanced carcinoma of the breast. AB - Since in our extensive series, there was only minimal morbidity and no mortality, we suggest that transvenous adrenalectomy be recommended to more patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast. In this way, patients would be spared an additional operative procedure, while treatment efficacy is monitored by available tests of adrenal function. Since the success rate approaches that offered by surgical ablation, this simpler and less time-consuming approach to adrenalectomy may result in the modality being offered to selected candidates who would otherwise not consider the alternative of surgical adrenal ablation. PMID- 7221846 TI - Intestinal fistula and obstruction following pelvic exenteration. AB - Intestinal fistulas and obstruction are the most common and most serious complication of pelvic exenteration for gynecologic cancer. In a series of 58 patients, early intestinal fistulas developed in seven and late fistulas in 13 of the patients. Early fistulas are more commonly secondary to surgical trauma or technical errors and were noted to occur more frequently in patients who had previously undergone irradiation. Late fistulas are usually associated with intestinal obstruction and with a high incidence of recurrent malignant growth. The management of choice for intestinal fistulas following pelvic exenteration appears to be prompt surgical intervention with bypass procedures in preference to intestinal resections. Although several technical modifications have been applied to the exenterative operation with a trend toward a decrease in early obstruction and fistula formation rate, additional technical efforts will be necessary if these problems are to be solved. PMID- 7221847 TI - Physiologic responses to operation in high risk surgical patients. AB - Fifty-three high risk surgical patients were studied using invasive cardiorespiratory monitoring to gain physiologic perspective of the perioperative period. Multiple hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables were tracked through the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative periods using frequent sequential measurements. Impairment of cardiac and pulmonary function was measured intraoperatively, but this was compensated by therapy, so that oxygen delivery was maintained. Nonetheless, there was a decrease in oxygen consumption intraoperatively due to decreased oxygen extraction. Postoperatively, there was an increase in cardiac output, oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption. It is postulated that the fall in oxygen consumption intraoperatively may result in a metabolic debt and that a hyperdynamic postoperative state represents the physiologic response necessary to repair the damage caused intraoperatively by relative cellular hypoxia. PMID- 7221848 TI - An evaluation of several prognostic factors in the surgical treatment for thyrotoxicosis. AB - A follow-up survey of 447 patients who had undergone a subtotal thyroidectomy was carried out. In this study, 433 patients were observed, and the follow-up period ranged from one year to ten years. The incidence postoperatively of a recurrence and hypothyroidism was 9.6 and 2.3 per cent, respectively. Transient subclinical hypothyroidism was observed in most patients within three to six months after the operation. This state, however, recovered spontaneously to the euthyroid state within one year. Recurrent hyperthyroidism tends to increase with the lapse of years, while permanent hypothyroidism developed during the first or second year after operation. Results of our investigation suggest that the size of the remnant thyroid appears to play the most important role for an expected long term remission, and the optimal weight of the remnant thyroid should be approximately 10 grams. Although the precise mechanism of remission by surgical ablation of the thyroid has not been clarified, surgical treatment is an effective and safe procedure which controls the condition of the patient with thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7221851 TI - Doppler ultrasound facilitates renal vein dissection during distal splenorenal shunt. AB - We have found that the use of intraoperative Doppler ultrasound greatly facilitates the performance of the selective distal splenorenal shunt by precisely identifying the retroperitoneal location of the renal vein. The amount of dissection and tissue injury required for performing this operation was, thereby, minimized. This may theoretically result in a lowered incidence of postoperative ascites and complications after the Warren shunt. PMID- 7221849 TI - In vivo measurements of the internal and external diameters of the common bile duct in man. AB - As in other studies, it was not possible to define precisely the normal size of the common bile duct measured either externally or roentgenographically. However, the roentgenographically measured diameter of the common bile duct appears superior to the external width of the common bile duct in discriminating between patients with, and without, common bile duct disease. If the common bile duct was 1 centimeter or less roentgenographically, then only one of 78 patients studied had common bile duct disease, while all patients with common bile ducts 1.5 centimeters or larger had common bile duct disease. The range from 1.1 to 1.4 centimeters was indeterminate as a predictor of disease, since two of 19 patients in this group had common bile duct calculi. The utilization of the internal diameter instead of the external diameter of the common bile duct as a predictor of disease could be especially important in the clinical separation of patients with medical from surgical jaundice when noninvasive diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound and computerized tomography, are used. PMID- 7221853 TI - Convulsions with meningiomas: incidence and significance. AB - In a study of a consecutive series of 127 surgically treated meningiomas, it was found that 29% of the patients had reported with convulsions as their initial symptom. In this group, surgical excision of the meningioma stopped the convulsions in about half of the patients, but the others continued to have seizures after their operations. Among those patients with meningiomas who did not have preoperative convulsions, about one-sixth (15 patients) developed postoperative seizures. Patients in both groups required prolonged anticonvulsant medication. Factors predisposing to the occurrence of postoperative seizures were the site of the tumor, faulty surgical technique, and a preoperative history of seizures. PMID- 7221850 TI - Morphologic structure of the pedal arch and its relationship to patency of crural vascular reconstruction. AB - Pedal arch integrity can be determined morphologically and functionally. The former is accessible by contrast studies and intraoperative catheterization, the latter, by flow studies and observation of graft patency. The roengten image of an intact pedal arch corresponds to the anatomic plantar arch. Sixty-four arch studies obtained by adequate intraoperative arteriography were categorized as intact, deficient or inadequate or absent. Patency of crural reconstructions was obtained in 18 of 24 patients with intact arches as compared with 15 of 32, p<0.06, when the arch was deficient. Crural reconstruction in the face of an inadequate or absent arch resulted in predictable graft closure. Qualitative factors, that is, size, calcium and stenotic lesions, are integrally related to over-all graft performance even with intact arches. The deficient arch for tibial and peroneal reconstruction continues as a challenge to the vascular surgeon. PMID- 7221854 TI - The limitation of computerized tomographic diagnosis of intracranial midline cysts. AB - The diagnosis of intracranial cystic lesions is greatly facilitated by cranial computerized tomography (CT) which eliminates the need for further invasive neuroradiological studies. However, cystic lesions with thin walls that do not enhance following intravenous contrast infusion, especially when they are located in the midline and at the base of the skull, may become a diagnostic problem preventing proper management and therapy. We discuss 12 midline intracranial lesions, including one that is noncystic, to emphasize the limitations of CT in showing these lesions and the need for further diagnostic studies such as pneumoencephalography and metrizamide CT. The limitations of CT in diagnosing these lesions are related to the variations in the anatomy at the base of the skull (supra-sellar region); the varying pathological nature and behavior of certain cystic lesions such as epidermoid tumors and craniopharyngiomas; and the compromising of the spatial and density resolutions due to the partial volume effect. The complementary role of studies such as pneumoencephalography and CT metrizamide cisternography for the evaluation of the dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid that are necessary for the proper management and therapy of patients is discussed. PMID- 7221855 TI - Intracranial transplantation of the omentum for cerebrovascular moyamoya disease: a two-year follow-up study. AB - Intracranial transplantation of the omentum was performed on a patient with moyamoya disease who presented with diffuse cerebral ischemic symptoms and blindness. Anastomoses were made between the superficial temporal artery and the gastroepiploic artery of the transplanting omentum, and between the superficial temporal and gastroepiploic veins. Postoperative angiography demonstrated branches of the middle cerebral artery through the anastomosed gastroepiploic artery. Postoperatively the patient was able to walk with a cane without further ischemic attacks for the next two years. The blindness did not improve. PMID- 7221856 TI - Spinal cord injury. PMID- 7221852 TI - Posterior fossa subdural hematoma in a normally delivered, full-term newborn. AB - A large subdural hematoma of the posterior fossa was diagnosed by computerized tomography in a normally delivered, full-term newborn. This potentially treatable condition has been previously diagnosed in only 13 reported cases during the last 40 years. It is conceivable that the routine use of CT scan in newborns who show progressive neurological dysfunction will facilitate the rapid detection and treatment of similar cases. PMID- 7221857 TI - Calcified chronic subdural hematoma. PMID- 7221859 TI - Neurosurgery and general surgery. PMID- 7221860 TI - Extravasation of contrast material. PMID- 7221858 TI - Fever and cerebral vasospasm in ruptured intracranial aneurysms. AB - The temperature curves of 262 patients affected by subarachnoid hemorrhage, including 107 arterial aneurysms, 26 arteriovenous malformations, 42 idiopathic subarachnoid hemorrhages, and 87 cerebral hemorrhages, were observed and classified into three types: Type I: absence of fever; Type II: fever oscillating between 37 degrees and 38 degrees C; and Type III: fever with a plateau between 38 degrees and 39 degrees C beginning on the fifth day at the latest and lasting an average of nine days, with a decline over the next three days. Type III was observed in 3.8% of the patients with arteriovenous malformations, 7% of those with cerebral hemorrhages, and 88.3% of those who had arterial aneurysms with severe angiographic vasospasm associated with delayed ischemic signs. We suggest that the delayed fever is not a simple sign of meningeal syndrome but a sign related to cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 7221861 TI - Transoral surgery for basilar impression. AB - A patient with basilar impression presented with a progressive myelopathy due to odontoid invagination. It was thought that a posterior decompression would be hazardous; therefore, the inferior clivus, odontoid process, and anterior arch of the atlas were removed transorally. We have found that, even with symptoms of long duration, marked improvement can be expected when the operation is targeted to the actual abnormality. In such cases, analysis of craniocervical tomograms will show the direction of medullary compression and thus indicate the correct surgical approach. PMID- 7221862 TI - Successful evacuation of a pontine hematoma secondary to rupture of a venous angioma. AB - A middle-aged woman presented with progressive brainstem neurological deficits. Clinical manifestations and preoperative radiological examination were indicative of an expanding intrapontine mass. At operation, an intrapontine hematoma and a venous angioma adherent to the floor of the fourth ventricle were discovered. Successful evacuation of the hematoma was followed by an excellent recovery. Postoperative angiography demonstrated the venous angioma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of angiographically proved ruptured venous angioma of the pons treated successfully by an operation. PMID- 7221863 TI - Benign intracranial hypertension and disorders of CSF absorption. AB - Sixteen patients suffering from benign intracranial hypertension were studied by a continuous measurement of intraventricular pressure, a simultaneous recording of intraventricular and sagittal sinus pressures, and a measurement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resistance to drainage. Isotope cisternography was performed and the patency of the dural sinuses verified by direct sinography or phlebography or both. The same procedure was used to study 6 other patients suffering from disorders leading to the same type of intracranial hypertension. In 16, our results confirm a defect in CSF absorption mechanisms linked to an abolition of the pressure gradient between CSF and sagittal sinus in 6 patients, as well as an important increase in CSF resistance to drainage in 10 others. Despite this defect, the CSF circulation was normal in most patients (10 of 12) as demonstrated by isotope cisternography. PMID- 7221864 TI - An implantable subdural drain for treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. PMID- 7221865 TI - Extraosseous extradural tuberculous granuloma of the cervical spine: a case report and review of intraspinal granulomatous infections. AB - A 70-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of tetraparesis. Her cerebrospinal fluid and roentgenographic examination of the cervical spine were both normal. Myelography showed an extradural type of spinal cord compression at the C7 level. At operation, an extraosseous extradural mass of granulation tissue was removed, which proved on histological and bacteriological examination to be a tuberculous granuloma. PMID- 7221867 TI - Malignant transformation of a scar in the scalp. PMID- 7221866 TI - Metastatic ameloblastoma of the skull. AB - A rare case of a metastatic ameloblastoma of the skull in a 29-year-old woman is reported. An ameloblastoma of the left mandible underwent histological malignant transformation following repeated operations and eventually metastasized to the left temporoparietal region of the skull. The skull tumor showed osteolytic change and marked vascularity in roentgenological examinations. It was removed totally. The histological findings were similar to those of the tumor of the left mandible. The route of the metastasis was considered to be via the left external carotid artery. PMID- 7221868 TI - Reconstruction of the sellar floor during transsphenoidal operations using alumina ceramic. PMID- 7221869 TI - Dorsolumbosacral phlebography. AB - Two variations on the currently most commonly used technical method for phlebography are described. The first variation involves an original method for visualizing the dorsolumbosacral epidural plexus via the retrograde route from the azygos vein. If necessary this can be associated with catheterization and simultaneous injection into an ascending lumbar vein or into a lateral sacral vein. This method permits exploration from T7 to S1 and provides phlebograms of excellent quality, owing to the reduction in the flow caused by countercurrent injection. The second variation involves visualizing the epidural venous plexus by means of double percutaneous transfemoral catheterization of the hypogastric veins, using balloon catheters. This method is performed easily and rapidly. Preferential flow is obtained via the epidural plexus, and there is less diversion of the contrast medium through anastomoses and less filling of the vena cava. The specific indications for these methods are described. The availability of alternative methods beyond the traditional one renders epidural phlebography more reliable and more manageable, and it ensures certainty of diagnosis. PMID- 7221870 TI - Neurosarcoidosis: a review of the rarer manifestations. AB - Neurosarcoidosis characteristically presents with the onset of cranial nerve palsies or endocrine and electrolyte disturbances in a patient with known systemic sarcoid. However, the disease may occasionally manifest itself in patients with no evidence of somatic involvement and with a variety of neurological signs and symptoms. We present two cases that demonstrate several of the rare manifestations of the illness and review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7221871 TI - Neuroradiology case presentation. PMID- 7221873 TI - Subclavian steal from the external carotid circulation. AB - Three cases of subclavian steal syndrome with contribution to the retrograde flow of blood in the vertebral artery by the external carotid system are presented. In 1 patient progressive enlargement of an extracranial-intracranial bypass was demonstrated angiographically as the steal from the external carotid system was reduced. It is suggested that this pathway of collateral circulation may not be uncommon, and its recognition may influence the selection of procedure and timing of operation for revascularization of the brain. PMID- 7221872 TI - Peripheral and midbrain oculomotor palsies from operations for basilar bifurcation aneurysm in a series of 31 cases. AB - We evaluated oculomotor complications that occurred following surgical treatment of basilar bifurcation aneurysms in a series of 31 patients at the University of California Medical Center, San Francisco. Twenty-one of these patients developed an oculomotor palsy following operation. In 9 patients, the oculomotor palsy was the only complication. In 3 others, the oculomotor palsy was bilateral, suggesting injury to the oculomotor nucleus. In 9 additional patients, the oculomotor palsy was accompanied by a hemiparesis, indicating vascular injury to the peduncle. Recovery from isolated oculomotor palsy was excellent; when injury to the brain stem accompanied the oculomotor palsy, recovery was incomplete. PMID- 7221874 TI - Aneurysms of the azygos anterior cerebral artery. PMID- 7221875 TI - Traumatic aneurysm complicating EC-IC bypass: successful surgical clipping. PMID- 7221877 TI - Reduction cranioplasty for neglected hydrocephalus. PMID- 7221876 TI - Bleeding patterns from ruptured intracranial aneurysms: an autopsy series of 205 patients. AB - The autopsy records from 205 patients who died from ruptured intracranial aneurysms were reviewed. Special emphasis was placed on the cause of death and the time after rupture that death occurred. One hundred and sixty-eight patients (82%) died within one week of their last aneurysmal rupture. Eighty-eight died within one week of their initial rupture. Massive subarachnoid hemorrhage was the cause of death in 53% and localized hematomas in 14%. Eighty patients died within one week following a subsequent rupture. Intracranial hematoma was the cause of death in 87%, with 31% harboring a localized mass potentially amenable to surgical therapy. PMID- 7221878 TI - Measuring visual acuity in infants. AB - This paper reviews the course of development of visual acuity in human infants and young children. Researchers have devised methods based on optokinetic nystagmus, visually evoked cortical potentials and preferential looking to assess visual acuity in infants and preverbal youngsters. During the first postnatal year and early childhood, acuity, measured by any of these methods, improves with increasing age. Each of these methods, has now been applied to the evaluation of clinical cases. Also presented are the results of a quick and simple test based on preferential looking, which has been incorporated into our clinical evaluation of infants. The data so far indicate that infants with normal eyes pass the test while infants with ocular problems which would interfere with vision fail. For evaluation of large numbers of infants this test appears to have the potential to assist nonspecialized personnel in the early identification of ophthalmic abnormalities. PMID- 7221879 TI - The effect of monooctanoin on retained common duct stones. AB - Monooctanoin is a medium-chain diglyceride that is effective in dissolving cholesterol gallstones in vitro. The in vivo efficacy of monooctanoin was evaluated in eight patients who had monooctanoin infused through the T tube to dissolve retained common duct stones. Five of eight (62%) experienced success. Abdominal cramps and diarrhea were the only side effects, and these resolved by temporarily stopping the infusion or decreasing the rate of the infusion. Since bilirubinate stones accounted for the three failures, the composition of the stone is the determining factor in selecting a treatment plan for retained common duct stones. Retained cholesterol stones can be successfully treated within 4 to 7 days by T-tube infusion of monooctanoin. Pigment stones should be removed by extraction through the T-tube tract or by endoscopic papillotomy. PMID- 7221880 TI - Positive contrast herniography in adult patients with obscure groin pain. AB - To evaluate its clinical benefit in adults, herniography was used in 73 patients with clinically unexplained groin pain. Hernias were demonstrated on the side with symptoms in 26 patients (36%). Relief of groin pain was registered in 16 of 17 patients who subsequently underwent operation. We consider herniography to be of value in the examination of adult patients with clinically unclear groin pain. PMID- 7221881 TI - The multiple sequential distal bypass graft: improving nature's alternatives. AB - Sequential femoral-distal bypass grafts were employed to revascularize 21 ischemic limbs. An end-to-side distal anastomosis plus an additional side-to-side anastomosis to an isolated popliteal segment or an additional distal tibial vessel were employed. If one graft that underwent successful early revision is included, the initial patency rate was 100%. After a median follow-up of 8 months, complete graft failure had occurred in three patients. A previously unreported occurrence in two patients was proximal graft segment occlusion, with patency of th distal segment that was successfully revascularized. One additional patient had occlusion of the distal graft segment. Limb salvage was achieved in 20 of the 21 patients. This approach offers several hemodynamic advantages and may be the procedure of choice in patients with distal runoff that si not ideal for a routine femoropopliteal bypass graft. PMID- 7221882 TI - The obturator foramen bypass: an alternative procedure in iliofemoral artery revascularization. AB - The obturator foramen bypass has been described as an alternative procedure to solve complicated vascular problems in the groin. This extra-anatomic bypass has been used successfully in cases of infection, mycotic aneurysms, traumatic lesions, irradiation ulcers, and excessive scar tissue in the femoral triangle. With this technique, the vascular continuity can be restored immediately. Although data on the long-term results of this operative procedure are not yet available, out report and a review of the literature suggest that the obturator foramen bypass is a very useful technique for saving a patient's leg and in some cases his life. PMID- 7221883 TI - Anatomic correction of interrupted aortic arch complex in neonates. AB - Anatomic correction of interrupted aortic arch complex by direct aortic anastomosis was accomplished in five neonates ranging in age from 2 to 19 days. Three had type B and two had type A interruption of the aortic arch. All operations were performed through a transverse bilateral thoracotomy by use of hypothermic circulatory arrest. The descending thoracic aorta is widely mobilized to the level of the diaphragm. The ductus arteriosus is completely excised and the descending aortic segment is anastomosed end to side to the ascending aorta. The large ventricular septal defect is patched with Dacron velour, and atrial communications are closed with running suture. Three of the babies survived surgery and are making satisfactory clinical progress. All three have been restudied on a routine basis. They were found to have excellent anatomic repairs with no residual intracardiac shunts. There was a peak systolic gradient of 8 mm Hg at the aortic anastomosis in the second survivor; however, she does not have ascending aortic hypertension. The first and last survivors have no aortic gradients. It is recommended that a newborn with interrupted aortic arch complex be subjected to corrective surgery as the procedure of choice. Excellent results may be expected when surgery is done prior to irreversible metabolic decompensation of the patient. PMID- 7221884 TI - Everting method: a new modification to obtain reliable microvascular anastomosis. AB - We have developed a new microvascular technique for anastomosing small vessels in various situations. The factor of prime importance in achieving high patency rates has been the accurate approximation of the intima at the suture site. In our everting method, the adventitia is never exposed to the lumen, and the intima is well coapted. The everting method is simple to perform and so may also be extensively applied to macrovascular surgery. PMID- 7221885 TI - Toe blood pressure by photoplethysmography: an index of healing in forefoot amputation. AB - The relative merits of toe systolic blood pressure and ankle systolic pressure in predicting the result of forefoot amputation were evaluated in 30 limbs of 27 patients who underwent digit or transmetatarsal amputation. Twenty-four (89%) patients were diabetic. An infrared photoplethysmograph placed distal to a pneumatic digit occluding cuff allowed rapid, simple preoperative assessment of toe systolic pressures. Ankle pressures was measured by Doppler ultrasound. Twenty (67%) amputations healed primarily, whereas 10 ultimately required reamputation at the below-knee level. The mean ankle pressure of limbs with healing of forefoot amputation, 136 +/- 39 mm Hg (+/- SD), did not differ significantly from those that failed to heal, 121 +/- 72 mm Hg (P greater than 0.4). Failure of an amputation to heal occurred in association with ankle pressures ranging from 60 to over 300 mm Hg. The mean value of toe pressures associated with healing of forefoot amputation, 86 +/- 39 mm Hg, was significantly higher than those not healing, 25 +/- 18 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). Failure of a forefoot amputation to heal occurred in all eight limbs with toe pressures less than 45 mm Hg, and in two of eight (25%) limbs with toe pressure between 45 and 55 mm Hg. Primary healing occurred in all 14 limbs with toe pressures greater than 55 mm Hg. These data suggest that toe pressure measurement may be a useful hemodynamic correlate of the healing potential of a forefoot amputation. PMID- 7221886 TI - Effects of oxygen toxicity on regional ventilation and perfusion in the primate lung. AB - Since the effect of prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen on regional ventilation and perfusion has not been previously, a reproducible primate model of oxygen toxicity was developed to investigate the pathophysiologic changes that occur. Regional ventilation and perfusion were measured by 133Xe techniques in 10 baboons before and after 108 hours of continuous exposure to an inspired oxygen concentration of more than 90%. Arterial blood gases, shunt fraction (QS/QT), cardiac output, physiologic dead space (VD/VT), and pulmonary vascular resistance were also measured. Light and electron microscopic histology confirmed early pathologic changes of oxygen toxicity in every animal after exposure. PaO2 in room air decreased markedly after exposure from 90 +/- 4 to 46 +/- 5 mm Hg, and QS/QT rose to 30 +/- 2%. VD/VT, PaCO2, and pH were not altered by exposure to hyperoxia. Similarly, cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance remained unchanged. The distribution of regional ventilation and perfusion remained normal during and after prolonged high-oxygen exposure. Early oxygen toxicity was characterized by profound hypoxemia without regional ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Although impaired diffusion through a thickened alveolar membrane may be partially responsible for this hypoxemia, the markedly increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient when FIO2 = 1.0 indicates that shunting at the alveolar level (secondary to absorptive collapse or pulmonary edema) is a major cause of the hypoxemia. PMID- 7221887 TI - Pulmonary injury caused by free fatty acid: evaluation of steroid and albumin therapy. AB - Intrapulmonary free fatty acid (FFA) release has been suggested as a pathogenetic mechanism in respiratory failure caused by acute pancreatitis and fat embolism. Utilizing the isolated perfused ventilated canine pulmonary lobe, we evaluated the effects of FFA infusion and its subsequent modification by albumin and steroid therapy. In control lobes perfused for a 4-hour period, there was minimal weight gain (11 gm), intrapulmonary shunting did not occur, and compliance remained within normal limits. When 1 ml of oleic acid was infused into the pulmonary artery lobe weight tripled (188 gm), intrapulmonary shunting (20%) developed, and compliance was significantly decreased compared to controls. When 30 gm of human salt-poor albumin was added to the perfusate immediately after FFA infusion, the lobe response was similar to that of untreated oleic acid lobes. In contrast, when 400 mg of methylprednisolone succinate was added to the perfusate immediately after FFA infusion, lobe weight gain was significantly reduced (94 gm) compared to oleic acid lobes, intrapulmonary shunting did not occur, and compliance was within normal limits. This study suggests that steroids may be of benefit in the treatment of respiratory insufficiency secondary to acute pancreatitis and fat embolism. PMID- 7221888 TI - Alterations of occlusive cuff impedance plethysmography results in the obstetric patient. AB - Impedance plethysmography (IPG) is an attractive diagnostic method for evaluating deep vein thrombosis in the pregnant patient because it is noninvasive and it avoids x-ray or radionuclide exposure. However, the accurate diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis by IPG in pregnant patients might be altered by the normal physiologic and anatomic changes that occur during pregnancy. We evaluated 50 healthy women by IPG throughout their pregnancies and during their nonpregnant state. We found that venous capacitance during pregnancy increases 50% over venous capacitance during the non pregnant state. Most of this change occurs during early pregnancy because of a decrease in venous tone caused by rising levels of progesterone and estradiol. During the third trimester of pregnancy venous outflow is diminished compared to outflow during early pregnancy. Venous obstruction by the gravid uterus and fetal head engaging in the pelvis are factors that contribute to this finding. The IPG results in four patients with ileofemoral thrombosis and in three with postpartum pulmonary emboli are also reported. IPG may be utilized as an accurate diagnostic technique in the pregnant woman if the physiologic and anatomic alterations of pregnancy, which are reflected as significant changes in venous capacitance and outflow on IPG testing, are considered. PMID- 7221889 TI - A prognostic model for clinical stage I melanoma of the lower extremity. Location on foot as independent risk factor for recurrent disease. AB - Thirteen variables were studied to determine their usefulness in predicting recurrent disease in 158 patients with stage I melanoma of the lower extremity. A Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that three variables were independent risk factors for recurrent disease in these patients: (1) thickness, in millimeters, of the primary tumor (P = 0.000009), (2) primary tumor location on the foot (P = 0.0003), and (3) the number of mitoses/mm2 (P = 0.0244). Life table analyses of patient subgroups defined by different combinations of these three variables demonstrated that thick (greater than or equal to 3.0 mm) melanomas of the foot were associated with recurrent disease much more frequently than tumors of similar thickness located on the thigh or calf. These data provide guidelines that can be used to evaluate results of surgical and/or adjuvant therapy studies for patients with melanoma of the lower extremity. PMID- 7221891 TI - Populations with the Leriche syndrome. AB - Complete infrarenal aortic occlusion was found in 20 of 325 patients who underwent bypass for atherosclerosis of the distal aorta. Eleven had normal distal arteries as demonstrated by arteriography; the remaining patients had multilevel areas of stenosis and occlusion below the inguinal ligament. The two groups were significantly different in age, blood pressure levels, and duration of symptoms. The bypass relieved symptoms and restored flow in all the patients with normal distal vessels. There were four acute graft failures, two of which resulted in death, in the group with distally diseased vessels, and only two of these nine patients were symptomatically improved by the bypass. These data indicate that there are at least two distinct patient populations with the Leriche syndrome. Anatomic changes at the aortic bifurcation may be responsible for the clinical differences. PMID- 7221890 TI - Resection of leiomyosarcoma originating in internal iliac vein and extending into heart via inferior vena cava. AB - A patient's condition was initially diagnosed as constrictive pericarditis, but an echocardiogram revealed the presence of an intracardiac tumor. The tumor was a slow-growing leiomyosarcoma that originated in the left internal iliac vein, extended into the inferior vena cava, and reached the right ventricle. This tumor was considered to be a recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma that had been resected 4 years before. After a second resection of this tumor, the patient was living a normal life 61/2 years postoperatively, in spite of recurrence in the pelvis and lung. We reviewed 12 cases of leiomyosarcoma in the world literature that reached the heart through the inferior vena cava. We added our case and evaluated the clinical features of all 13. This is the first successfully resected case of leiomyosarcoma of this nature so far as we could determine. PMID- 7221892 TI - Effect of lung denervation on development of pulmonary edema. AB - The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of an intact nervous system to the lung in the development of pulmonary edema. After unilateral denervation of a lung by autotransplantation, eight dogs were subjected to a period of increased intracranial pressure with air. A significant increase in pulmonary artery pressure and a 20% right-to-left shunt developed in all animals. The innervated lung of the animals subjected to increased intracranial pressure developed higher wet/dry lung weight ratios and 51Cr platelet counts compared to denervated lungs and to the five control innervated lungs. Thus intrapulmonary platelet sequestration and pulmonary edema occurred only in the intact innervated lung. These findings support the thesis that pulmonary edema following elevation of the intracranial pressure with air is the result of neurally induced alterations in pulmonary hemodynamics and platelet sequestration that could possibly lead to an increase in pulmonary vascular permeability. PMID- 7221893 TI - Surgical separation of conjoined (Siamese) xiphopagus twins. AB - Conjoined twins of the xiphopagus type have been separated 24 hours after spontaneous delivery. Indication for early intervention was impending rupture of a large omphalocele as well as deterioration of one severely malformed twin who did not survive surgery, whereas the other one showed normal development up to 15 months after separation. PMID- 7221895 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the abdominal aorta: a case report. AB - A case report of a leiomyosarcoma of the abdominal aorta is presented. The patient was referred to our institution because of symptoms of an acute occlusion of the infrarenal aorta. En bloc resection of the tumor and reconstruction of distal arterial flow were performed. PMID- 7221894 TI - Ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm with hepatic artery-to-portal vein fistula. Preservation of portal flow by autogenous vein reconstruction. AB - Hepatic artery aneurysms are uncommon lesions that have varied clinical presentations. Rupture into the portal vein has occasionally been reported, as has associated gastrointestinal bleeding. A case is described in which an unusually large hepatic artery aneurysm ruptured into the portal vein, destroying a major portion of its wall. Reconstruction was accomplished successfully by use of an autogenous saphenous vein patch with preservation of hepatopetal portal flow. PMID- 7221896 TI - Tracheostomy in neonates and small infants: problems and pitfalls. AB - Newborn babies and small infants who require tracheostomy often follow a complicated clinical course characterized by frequent sepsis, altered ventilatory dynamics, and eventual respiratory decompensation. Many of these problems are avoidable with use of a properly placed endotracheal tube during tracheostomy, a special surgical technique in the performance of the tracheostomy, and silicone rubber tracheostomy tubes. Seventy-four babies underwent tracheostomy at our Children's Center between 1963 and 1976. A review of this experience demonstrates the benefits of unhurried, standardized technique and management. In the 48 newborns requiring tracheostomy, no technical difficulties were encountered, and no complications occurred as a result of the tracheostomy. In the group of 26 older infants, however, there were significant complications, especially in children undergoing emergency tracheostomy without a previously placed endotracheal tube. Although there were no deaths directly related to tracheostomy, one case of pirulent tracheitis and one case of interstitial thyroid hemorrhage were noted at autopsy. Among survivors, there was one case of bilateral pneumothoraces, two cases of severe subcutaneous emphysema, and three cases of postoperative bleeding. Review of the long-term complications in this series demonstrates the benefits of the silicone rubber polymer tube. Since its routine use, problems with stomal granulation have almost disappeared. There have been no problems in extubating the very young babies. Our operative technique and intensive care management of these babies will be emphasized as the keys to the improved outcome. PMID- 7221897 TI - Randomized surgical trials: the right choice. PMID- 7221898 TI - CAT and bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7221900 TI - [Clinical course and intensive therapy of botulism]. PMID- 7221901 TI - [Clinical gastroenterology in the last 5 years and its perspectives]. PMID- 7221899 TI - [Nature of the clinical course and metabolic-hormonal disorders in early forms of diabetes mellitus in obesity]. PMID- 7221902 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 7221903 TI - [2 cases of primary heart tumors]. PMID- 7221904 TI - [Criteria in evaluating the work capacity of patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7221905 TI - [Development of nephrology in the USSR in the last 5-year period (Problem-solving Commission on Nephrology]. PMID- 7221906 TI - [Main achievements of current endocrinology]. PMID- 7221907 TI - [Development and achievements of cardiology in the USSR in the last 5 years]. PMID- 7221910 TI - [Temporary electrocardiostimulation in ischemic heart disease with conduction disorders]. PMID- 7221908 TI - [Relation between various principal risk factors and the incidence of ischemic heart disease in men 40-59 years of age]. PMID- 7221909 TI - [Ischemic heart disease and blood coagulation (data on the epidemiological examination of men 40-59 years of age by thrombelastography)]. PMID- 7221912 TI - [Characteristics of arterial blood pressure and blood plasma lipid level in 16-17 year-old high school students in Moscow (based on epidemiological data)]. PMID- 7221913 TI - [Plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in hypertension treated with adrenergic beta receptor blockaders]. PMID- 7221911 TI - [Lipids, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality in coronary and cerebral arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7221914 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse (clinical variants)]. PMID- 7221916 TI - [Various indicators of streptococcal infection and immune response in patients over 45 years of age with rheumatic heart disease]. PMID- 7221915 TI - [Remote results of secondary prevention of rheumatic heart disease with bicillin]. PMID- 7221917 TI - [Various data on the examination of the relatives of patients with rheumatic heart disease]. PMID- 7221918 TI - [External respiration, basal metabolism and acid-base equilibrium in severe suppurative infection and sepsis]. PMID- 7221919 TI - [Effect of hereditary predisposition on hypertension morbidity in young subjects]. PMID- 7221920 TI - [Smoking among men and women of different age groups]. PMID- 7221921 TI - [Rare complication of cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7221922 TI - [Cases of complicated tuberculosis of the small intestine]. PMID- 7221923 TI - [Differential diagnosis of food toxinfections]. PMID- 7221924 TI - [Training in communist ideology for students in a class in the Department of Inpatient Therapy]. PMID- 7221926 TI - [Time and conditions of ulcer healing in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7221925 TI - [Role of duodenal fibroscopic and histological studies in the diagnosis of exacerbations of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7221928 TI - [Antacid dosage in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7221927 TI - [Pathogenetic bases for the use of histamine and dimedrol in the overall treatment of recurrent peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7221929 TI - [Bioenergetic indices in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7221930 TI - [Nonspecific protection factors in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7221931 TI - [Organization of hospital medical care for digestive disease patients]. PMID- 7221932 TI - [Testosterone, progesterone and estradiol levels in duodenal ulcer in men]. PMID- 7221933 TI - [Stenosing pyloroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7221934 TI - [Effect of epsilon-aminocaproic acid and kurantil on gastric secretory activity]. PMID- 7221935 TI - [Indications for computerized axial x-ray tomography in the diagnosis of pathological processes of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 7221936 TI - [Use of the intestinal hormones, secretin and pancreozymin, studying exocrine pancreas function in older persons]. PMID- 7221938 TI - [Pathogenetic principles in treating chronic diarrhea]. PMID- 7221937 TI - [Exocrine pancreas function in Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 7221939 TI - [Immune cytopenias in chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 7221940 TI - [Chronic gastritis: morphogenesis, diagnosis and compensatory mechanisms]. PMID- 7221941 TI - [Debatable diagnostic problems in biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7221942 TI - [Preulcerous state as the initial stage of duodenal ulcer (pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment and prevention)]. PMID- 7221943 TI - [Clinical importance of the DNA-binding activity of the serum in systemic connective tissue diseases determined by a colorimetry method]. PMID- 7221944 TI - [Effect of long-term base therapy on the clinical picture of gout]. PMID- 7221945 TI - [Conservative operations on the bones of the extremities and on the spine in the combined therapy of myeloma]. PMID- 7221946 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of emergency states in infectious diseases]. PMID- 7221947 TI - [Antipsychiatry]. PMID- 7221948 TI - [Gentamycin resistance of gram negative bacteria in clinical materials]. PMID- 7221949 TI - [Neurologic diagnosis and therapy of subarachnoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 7221950 TI - [The unconscious patient]. PMID- 7221951 TI - [Social medicine aspects in gonorrhea patients]. PMID- 7221952 TI - [Interactions with corticoids]. PMID- 7221953 TI - [The medical misery of the Third World]. PMID- 7221954 TI - [The effect of civilization on the emotional life]. PMID- 7221955 TI - [The quantification of usefulness and risk in the evaluation of therapeutic drugs]. PMID- 7221956 TI - [The treatment of acute and chronic pain conditions in geriatrics]. PMID- 7221957 TI - [Gynecologic-obstetrical emergencies]. PMID- 7221958 TI - [Surgical indication in the septic gallbladder]. PMID- 7221959 TI - [Physiology and pathology of the development of binocular vision (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221960 TI - [Non-surgical treatment of strabismus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221962 TI - [Surgical treatment of strabismus]. PMID- 7221963 TI - [The role of the general practitioner and the family in the initial diagnosis and treatment of the squinting child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221961 TI - [Forms of strabismus in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221964 TI - [Congenital and juvenile cataracts]. PMID- 7221965 TI - [Congenital glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221966 TI - [Retinoblastoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221967 TI - [Genetic counseling in pediatric ophthalmology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221968 TI - [The preschool care of visually handicapped and blind children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7221969 TI - Experiences in patients treated with Visken. PMID- 7221970 TI - Therapeutic use of the medicinal water "Hunyadi Janos" in surgical patients. PMID- 7221971 TI - Clinico-pharmacological examinations with Ovidon. PMID- 7221972 TI - Experiences with Tendor in geriatric patients. PMID- 7221973 TI - Canesten treatment of vaginal mycoses during pregnancy. PMID- 7221974 TI - Cerebral regulation-cerebral regulators. PMID- 7221976 TI - Closed pulmonary valvotomy in infants under 6 months of age: report of 14 consecutive cases without mortality. AB - Fourteen infants, all under 6 months of age, underwent surgery for the relief of severe valvar pulmonary stenosis. A modified Brock (transinfundibular valvotomy) procedure was performed in all cases. Dilatation of the pulmonary valve with a mosquito clamp and biliary dilator is the basis of the modified operation. All infants survived the operation. In two patients there is residual, significant pulmonary stenosis, and in two additional cases pulmonary regurgitation is present. PMID- 7221975 TI - Atopy and bronchial reactivity in older patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - We studied 25 adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 25 control subjects to determine if the prevalence of atopy and bronchial hyperreactivity was increased in this disease. Results showed that atopic symptoms, as defined by history, were more frequently present in the CF patients. Prick testing of the skin produced positive reactions in 88% of the CF group and 36% of the control subjects (p less than 0.001), and the mean number of reactions per subject was significantly higher in the former group (p less than 0.001); reactions to fungal antigens were strikingly positive in the CF group. The CF patients had a significantly higher mean serum IgG4 (p less than 0.001), IgE (p less than 0.01), and higher mean eosinophil count (p less than 0.05). Clear-cut bronchial hyperreactivity was demonstrated in the CF group compared with control subjects. Bronchial provocation with 400 micrograms of histamine led to a greater than 15% fall in the preinhalation FEV1 in 35% of the CF subjects compared with 4% of the control group, with a mean percentage fall of 15% and 3% respectively (p less than 0.001). In the CF group a greater than 15% rise in PEFR occurred in 32% after inhalation of the parasympatholytic, ipratropium bromide (54 micrograms), and in 27% after inhalation of the sympathomimetic, fenoterol (400 micrograms). No correlation was found between bronchial reactivity and atopic status, HLA phenotype pattern, or disease severity. The cause of the increased prevalence of atopy and bronchial reactivity in CF patients remains unknown. However, it is clear that a trial of bronchodilator therapy is warranted in adolescents and young adults with CF. PMID- 7221977 TI - Plasma catecholamines during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in bronchial asthma. AB - Plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline during and after submaximal exercise in patients with bronchial asthma were investigated. Three groups were studied comprising 10 patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), 10 asthmatic patients without EIB and four normal control subjects. Plasma catecholamines were measured at rest, at the end of exercise, and five and 15 minutes after exercise. Changes in airway resistance were assessed by measuring peak expiratory flow rate. Significant differences in catecholamine levels between reacting and non-reacting patients were found. In 10 patients developing EIB adrenaline and noradrenaline levels had risen significantly by the end of exercise and remained elevated up to the fifth minute of recovery. The rise in catecholamine levels in non-reacting asthmatics was insignificant. In control subjects noradrenaline had increased significantly by the end of exercise. PMID- 7221978 TI - Protective effects of repeated short sprints in exercise-induced asthma. AB - Many asthmatic patients demonstrate bronchial lability with a six-minute period of exercise, which is characterised by an initial bronchodilatation followed by bronchoconstriction. This early bronchodilatation response has been further analysed by investigation of the effects of repeated 30-second sprints before and after a six-minute run. It was found that these repeated short sprints did not induce bronchoconstriction, resulted in less bronchoconstriction after a subsequent six-minute run, and caused bronchodilatation if exercise-induced bronchoconstriction was present. It is postulated that this effect may be related to an increase in circulating catecholamines or altered vagal-sympathetic balance. PMID- 7221979 TI - Prevalence of asthma in Rhodesian Africans. AB - The prevalence of asthma in a small African town has been assessed using two questionnaires. The first was put to 9768 subjects aged 5 years and older and the second, more detailed, questionnaire to random selections of these subjects grouped according to their replies. The overall prevalence of asthma was 1.40%. In those under 20 years of age it was 1.20% and in adults, 1.57%. This adult rate is similar to those in developed countries but that in children is lower. The relative paucity of childhood asthma is compatible with the suggestion that infestation with parasites may protect against the disease. PMID- 7221980 TI - Smoke inhalation in firemen. AB - Thirty firemen were studied with pulmonary function tests immediately after a severe smoke exposure and then one and a half and 18 months later in order to evaluate acute and chronic changes in their spirometry. The results were compared with predicted values and with those from a group of closely matched control subjects. We found no significant differences between the acute post-exposure spirometry values and those recorded at six weeks and 18 months later. A trend toward an increased rate of volume loss in the FVC and FEV1 was noted which is similar to other published observations. However, we did find a significant decrement in FVC compared with predicted value, and in FVC and FEV1 compared with control subjects. This is further evidence that firemen may develop lung disease related to their occupational exposure. PMID- 7221982 TI - Membrane diffusing capacity and pulmonary capillary volume in rheumatoid disease. AB - In some patients with rheumatoid disease gas transfer across the lungs is abnormal. We measured the membrane component of gas transfer (Dm) and pulmonary capillary volume (Vc) in 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 48 normal volunteers matched for age, sex, and smoking habits. Volunteers had normal chest radiographs and normal forced expiratory volume in one second and vital capacity. There were no significant differences between the rheumatoid and control groups for Dm. Mean Vc in rheumatoid male smokers (64.0 ml, SD 16.5) was significantly lower than in control male smokers (76.3 ml, SD 18.0 p less than 0.05). In rheumatoid female smokers mean Vc (43.4 ml, SD 13.3) was significantly lower than in rheumatoid female non-smokers (58.4 ml, SD 15.4 p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between rheumatoid and control female non-smokers (mean Vc 58.4 ml and 60.7 ml respectively). Significant differences in Vc in terms of per cent predicted normal were found between patients receiving corticosteroids and those not receiving corticosteroids or penicillamine (p less than 0.02) and between patients with nodules and those without (p less than 0.05). Patients with persistently low transfer factor for five years had a significantly lower Vc (p less than 0.02). There was no consistent correlation between Dm and Vc and dynamic compliance or static recoil pressure. It appears that the abnormality of transfer factor in rheumatoid disease previously demonstrated is caused by reduction of Vc. It seems that involvement of pulmonary blood vessels occurs in patients with nodules and is suppressed by treatment with corticosteroids. PMID- 7221983 TI - Intrapleural immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum in recurrent malignant pleural effusions. AB - Twenty-one patients with proven recurrent malignant pleural effusions were randomly allocated to treatment groups receiving either intrapleural Corynebacterium parvum in a dose of 7 mg or intrapleural mustine (20 mg). The designated intrapleural therapy was repeated on one occasion if further pleural aspiration was required. Corynebacterium parvum (nine patients) proved superior to mustine (12 patients) in suppressing the reaccumulation of pleural fluid, and was associated with only minimal side-effects of fever and nausea in two patients. Mustine caused marked nausea and vomiting in almost all patients. Three of the four patients who were deemed "failures" after mustine therapy had complete suppression of pleural fluid reaccumulation after a single dose of C parvum, the survival of the fourth being too short to assess a response adequately. There were no failures in the C parvum treated group. Corynebacterium parvum appears to be an effective, well-tolerated agent in the management of recurrent pleural effusions. The relative contribution of its potent immunological stimulant effect to its mode of action remains uncertain. PMID- 7221981 TI - Waveform and spectral analysis of crackles. AB - Crackles were recorded from six patients, four with tuberculosis and two with chronic bronchitis. It was observed by waveform and spectral analysis that most of the frequency components of a crackle were limited within a range of 0.1 to 1 kHz. Characteristically, waveforms of crackles were separable into two segments, initial "starting segments" and subsequent "decay segments." It is suggested that the former represents a shock wave caused by an abrupt opening of the airway and that the latter is a damped sinusoid caused by this shock wave exciting a resonator in the lung. It is speculated that the starting segment is determined by the pressure ratio at the site of the airway opening, and the decay segment by the resonant frequency and the quality factor of the resonator. Because transmission of a crackle is highly directional the waveforms recorded on the chest wall are modified by the positional relationship between the sound source and the microphone. PMID- 7221984 TI - Maximum volumes in excised human lungs: effects of age, emphysema, and formalin inflation. AB - The volume of air at a transpulmonary pressure (PL) of 25 cmH2O was measured in 28 emphysema-free and 39 emphysematous excised adult lungs and in the lungs of 53 infants and children. In the adult emphysema-free lungs, this volume (V25) was significantly correlated with body length in males but, corrected for body length, not significantly correlated with age in either males or females. V25 was on the average 20 per cent larger than predicted TLC in non-emphysematous lungs in vivo. The lungs were also inflated and fixed with formalin at a constant PL of 25 cm H2O and their volume measured (VL). Marked and variable underinflation compared to V25 occurred in the adult lungs and VL minus lung weight averaged 75% of V25 and 91% of predicted TLC. In infants and children, the ratio of VL minus lung weight to V25 averaged 1.08 with a range of 0.58 to 1.84. The larger the lungs, the smaller the ratio, suggesting that fixation played a role in producing the small VL. In the emphysematous lungs, a significant correlation between the degree of emphysema and V25 was found. However, a statistically significant increase in V25 only occurred when the emphysema grade was greater than 5. PMID- 7221985 TI - Postpneumonectomy oesophagopleural fistula. AB - Patients with oesophagopleural fistula after a pneumonectomy present a difficult therapeutic problem. There are two types of presentation, early and late. We report three cases in addition to the 49 previously published. All three patients developed their fistulae after right-sided pneumonectomy (one month, four years, and 21 years respectively) and presented with the features of an empyema. The existence of an oesophagopleural fistula can be demonstrated by the discovery of food particles in the pleural aspirate, by direct visualisation during oesophagoscopy after instilling methylene blue into the pleural cavity, by barium swallow, or by identification of helium in the pleural space after swallowing a mouthful of helium. After the initial treatment of empyema we believe that surgical repair of the oesophagopleural fistula is the treatment of choice. PMID- 7221986 TI - Solitary pulmonary nodule caused by phycomycosis in a patient without obvious predisposing factors. PMID- 7221987 TI - Recurrent sarcoidosis. PMID- 7221988 TI - [Lithium. A practical clinical review]. PMID- 7221990 TI - [Changes in weight and height in the adult male and female in Norway in the 1970's]. PMID- 7221989 TI - [Fish meal: nutritional and economical aspects]. PMID- 7221992 TI - [Reoperation of the biliary tract]. PMID- 7221993 TI - [Acute fatty liver in pregnancy]. PMID- 7221991 TI - [Neurologic complications following postnatal rubella]. PMID- 7221995 TI - [Practical treatment of fractures of the distal radius]. PMID- 7221994 TI - [Comparative study of labetolol and propranolol in patients with untreated hypertension]. PMID- 7221996 TI - [Structured hospital service. An alternative to ordinary hospital service in postgraduate training of the general practitioner]. PMID- 7221997 TI - [Are diazepines as innocent and prescriptions among Norwegian physicians as moderate as the experts say?]. PMID- 7221998 TI - [IUD and Actinomyces]. PMID- 7221999 TI - [Feeds of vegetable versus those of animal origin (author's transl)]. AB - Dogs can be adequately fed on a vegetable diet. However, specific micronutrients have to be added. The metabolic space within which the cat can adequately operate is restricted because of heavy evolutionary pressure. This has led amongst others to increased dietary protein requirements (unaccompanied, however, by an increase in essential amino acid requirements) and a dietary requirement for certain substances which occur almost only in conjunction with animal proteins and diminished enzyme induction. Regulation of the food intake and the water economy of the body appears to have been also affected. PMID- 7222000 TI - [Diarrhoea and nutrition in dogs and cats (author's transl)]. AB - The pathophysiology, normal functional morphology and general response pattern of the intestinal tract are briefly described and potential nutritional enteropathies are referred to. A brief discussion of history-taking, clinical studies and possible methods of closer examination and further treatment is followed by a number of instances of diarrhoea in which nutrition may be a primary or secondary factor. PMID- 7222002 TI - [Specific effect of highly unsaturated lipids of animal origin on the blood lipid composition (author's transl)]. AB - A beneficial effect, consisting in reduction of the risk of ischaemic cardiovascular disease, has long been attributed to fish lipids. These fish lipids were previously believed to be capable of markedly reducing the cholesterol level of the serum. However, recent studies showed that this reduction did not occur in normal subjects not affected with hypercholesteraemia, to whom fatty fish or polyunsaturated fatty acids isolated from fish were administered. On the other hand, the triglyceride level of the serum did decrease on administration of relatively large doses of these fatty acids. Moreover, the ingestion of fish lipids caused a shift in the fatty acid pattern of the serum lipids in the sense that w6 fatty acids were partially substituted for polyunsaturated fatty acids of the w3 type. This may result in changes in the synthesis of prostaglandins, which affect platelet aggregation and the bleeding time. This may indeed reduce the hazard of ischaemic cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7222001 TI - [Human nutrition with reference to animals as sources of protein (author's transl)]. AB - In achieving adequate nutrition for all people in the world foods of animal origin are indispensable to supply sufficient protein and essential nutrients. All foods of animal origin have a number of characteristics in common, in view of which they should be regarded as highly valuable human food because of the considerable biological value of the proteins, their ready digestibility and their palatability. A number of nutritional features of animal versus vegetable protein are discussed. Several queries have to be placed against the health aspects of the copious consumption of animal protein as has increasingly become the practice in Europe. The consumption of dishes prepared from food of animal origin high in protein will inevitably be associated with a high fat content. It is not likely that, specifically, the incidence of human cancer will also be increased by the allegedly carcinogenic effects of meat perse, however using nitrite in meats may be hazardous when consumption of meat is considerable because of the carcinogenic effects of nitrosamines. In addition, there are drawbacks to the copious consumption of food of animal origin as part of the daily diet because of the high fat content and low dietary fibre content of this food. A conference of managers in the animal-food industry and experts from the professional medical and dietetic organizations would be a desirable improvement in achieving an optimum situation. Sufficient production and distribution will not fully ensure adequate nutrition of animal origin. Its valuable nutrients must be available from food which is acceptable to the individual consumer. Those factors which decide what is eaten and why, are not known to a sufficient extent. Cultural and environmental factors also play a highly decisive role in the matter. There are religious rules regarding food of animal origin, which obtain for large sections of the population all over the world. Other practices concerning the consumption of food of animal origin are also determined by the pressure of society regarding the attitude towards animals. PMID- 7222003 TI - [Foods of animal origin and public health (author's transl)]. AB - Modern society adopts a highly ambiguous attitude towards foods of animal origin in human nutrition. Animal protein is of great biological value. However, the wealthy part of the world already consumes more than sufficient protein, which renders this value superfluous. On the other hand, a rich diet including a large share of animal products is suspect from the point of view of cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis. The role of fat, protein, cholesterol, salt, calcium and a number of minor components is discussed. It is concluded that as far as fats are concerned, reduction is indicated. There is a large individual variability in response to salt and cholesterol as well as interactions with other components of the diet. A role of animal protein in affecting calcium metabolism is plausible, though not definitely established. Public health hazards due to contaminants are probably small compared with those caused by the major components. PMID- 7222004 TI - [Clenbuterol as an expedient in cows with prolapse of the uterus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222005 TI - [Toxicological aspects of the use of hormones as anabolic agents (author's transl)]. AB - The use of anabolic agents may give rise to residues in foods of animal origin and thus to potential effects on public health. Therefore, the physiology, metabolism and toxicity of the three endogenous hormones. 17 beta-oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone are discussed. In addition, the effects of the use of three exogenous hormones, diethylstilboestrol (DES), trenbolone and zeranol are evaluated. As can be expected all six compounds have effects on the endocrine system and reproduction. Endogenous hormones and DES are teratogenic at high-dose levels. With the exception of DES, there is no evidence of a mutagenic action. 17 beta-Oestradiol and testosterone were shown to induce tumours at high-dose levels in experimental animals; probably however, a threshold can be established. The residues in edible tissue resulting from the use of endogenous hormones are much smaller than are the natural levels in cow's milk and butter. In view of the carcinogenicity of DES in man, its use should be strongly discouraged. A definite statement on the acceptability of the use of trenbolone and zeranol cannot be made. PMID- 7222007 TI - [Multiresistant Salmonella strains in slaughtering calves]. PMID- 7222006 TI - [A case of mastitis caused by streptococcus viridans biotype IV (author's transl)]. AB - A case of clinical bovine mastitis caused by infection with Streptococcus viridans, biotype IV was reported. Of a dairy herd of twenty-three cows, three animals were severely affected with clinical mastitis of at least two quarters in each cow. Streptococcus viridans, biotype IV, in pure culture was subsequently isolated on two occasions from eight quarters of these cows. Following experimental infection with the isolated Streptococcus viridans in a normal lactating cow, mastitis appeared with symptoms very similar to those observed in the spontaneous case. The organism cultured four days after infection, was identified as being the same organism used to induce infection. It is concluded that Streptococcus viridans could be pathogenic for the bovine mammary gland probably for other species. PMID- 7222010 TI - 'Twisted plywood' structure and mineralization in the scales of a primitive living fish Amia calva. AB - The basal plate of the scales of Amia calva is composed of regular double twisted plywood, as in Latimeria and Dipnoan scales. However, the progressive rotation of the fibrils direction is left-handed in Amia and right-handed in the 'Sarcopterygians'. So, the similarity between these peculiar plywoods is probably the result of convergence. The basal plate of Amia scales is incompletely mineralized. There are numerous calcified ovoid corpuscles which look very like the Mandl's corpuscles of Teleost scales. The mineralization probably progresses essentially by the fusion of these corpuscles, as in Teleost scales, and would be inotropic rather than spheritic. PMID- 7222009 TI - Activation of the contractile system in crustacean muscle: ultrastructural evidence for the role of the T system. AB - Freeze-fracture and thin sections of lobster abdominal fast flexor muscle were used to study the morphology of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and T system of crustacean muscle. Tannic acid mordanting, which can result in a dense black deposit in the T system lumen, was used to distinguish T system from SR membranes. Ferritin was also used as an extracellular tracer to confirm the tannic acid method. The T system consists of an extensive network of flattened sacs which fills most of the space between the myofibrils and is in close contact with them. The SR also appears as flattened sacs, sometimes with fenestrations. There is extensive junctional contact between the SR and T system. Quantitative estimates of the volume and surface area of the membranes show that the T system has about 50% more surface area than the SR. The intramembrane particle (IMP) density of the PF face of the T system is about 1100/micron 2 membrane, while the IMP density of the PF face of SR is about 4800/micron 2 membrane. In morphology, extent, and IMP density, the T system of lobster abdominal fast flexor muscle appears (AFF) adapted to provide at least part of the Ca2+ for muscle activation and the transport system for relaxation. PMID- 7222011 TI - A variation of the smooth septate junction in sea spiders (pycnogonida). AB - A new type of septate junction considered to be a variation of the arthropod smooth septate junction is described in pycnogonid (sea spider) endothermal tissue based on the use of conventional thin-section, lanthanum tracer and freeze fracture techniques. This new type of septate junction is apparently unique to the Pycnogonida but closely resembles septate junctions previously described in the Merostomata and Collembola. This in conjunction with previous work suggests that the septa of smooth septate junctions may not be as 'smooth' as generally thought and probably have a complex substructure. PMID- 7222008 TI - Morphological changes in gland cells and axons resulting from stimulation of the salivary nerves of the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea. AB - The salivary glands of the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea (Oliver, 1789), are innervated and there is considerable evidence to suggest that dopamine is the neurotransmitter at the neuroglandular junction. As the gland is a bilaterally symmetrical structure it was possible to electrically stimulate the salivary nerve supplying the ipsilateral side of the gland whilst the contralateral side of the gland served as a convenient control. Saliva elicited from the glands by electrical stimulation of these nerves was collected and used to monitor the physiological state of the tissue. Glands were fixed for light and electron microscopy during secretion and it was observed that the ductules in peripheral acinar cells were distended in stimulated sides of the glands but not in contralateral unstimulated sides. This evidence implies that peripheral cells are responsible for the initiation of salivary fluid secretion. Changes were also observed in the catecholamine containing axons that innervate the glands. In stimulated axons a statistically significant reduction in numbers of small agranular vesicles was observed when compared with contralateral unstimulated controls and freshly fixed tissue. This was not the case with the larger granular vesicles of the same axons which showed no reduction in number as a result of stimulation. In addition it was also noted that the small agranular vesicles tended to aggregate and change their shapes in response to nerve stimulation. These results imply that the small agranular vesicles play a role in transmitter release. PMID- 7222012 TI - Comparative stereology of mouse atria. AB - The left and right atria of the mouse were compared to each other and to the mouse left ventricle using stereologic techniques. The volume fraction (Vv) and surface area per unit cell volume (Sv) of the interior junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (IJSR), total JSR and extended JSR were greater in the left atrium than in right. The Vv and Sv of the free SR, transverse tubules, and mitochondria were similar in the two atria. It is suggested that the differences in junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum between the atria can be accounted for by a difference in distribution of two types of cells whose anatomy is analogous to working and conducting fibers in the ventricle. The Sv and Vv of the transverse tubules, mitochondria, and all the components of the sarcoplasmic reticulum except for the free SR were greater in the left ventricle than in either atrium. The greater calcium content and sensitivity to extracellular calcium of the atria may explain the greater volume of free SR in the atria as compared to the left ventricle. The Sv of the plasmalemma of the atria and of the Sv of the plasmalemma of the transverse tubules of the left ventricles supports the suggestion of others that there is a constant ratio of surface area to cell volume in cardiac cells. PMID- 7222013 TI - The syncytial nature and phagocytic activity of the branchial podocytes in the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. AB - The morphology of the branchial podocytes in the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, was investigated in relation to the molt cycle. The podocytes are located in the efferent hemolymph channels in the gill axis, and possess a specialized plasmalemma consisting of interdigitating pedicel processes which are bridged by thin diaphragms. The topography of the plasmalemmal surface suggests that these cells, like similar cells in other arthropods, function in the ultrafiltration of micro- and macromolecular substances from the hemolymph. Additionally, the branchial podocytes exhibit phagocytic activity. This activity, though evident during the pre-molt period, is most prominent during the early post-molt period. Among the cell types subjected to phagocytosis by podocytes are the secretory cells of the tricellular and rosette-type dermal glands and the epithelial cells of the gill axis. During the late pre-molt and early post-molt periods, the podocytes often appear as syncytia, containing as many as four nuclei. The exact interrelationships between phagocytosis and syncytial formation remain to be ascertained. These aspects and the possible ambulatory abilities of the branchial podocytes are discussed. PMID- 7222014 TI - Operant behavior performance changes in rats after prenatal methylmercury exposure. PMID- 7222015 TI - Studies on the disposition and metabolism of pentachloroanisole in female mice. PMID- 7222016 TI - Comparison of the toxicity and tissue distribution of cadmium in newborn and adult rats after repeated administration. PMID- 7222017 TI - Monitoring lipid peroxidation by breath analysis: endogenous hydrocarbons and their metabolic elimination. PMID- 7222018 TI - Electrophysiological changes at a central noradrenergic synapse during thallium toxicosis. PMID- 7222019 TI - Toxic effects of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in rats: role of metabolism. PMID- 7222020 TI - Metabolism of ortho-, meta-, and para-toluidine in the adult male rat. PMID- 7222021 TI - Reproduction studies with carprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent in rats. PMID- 7222022 TI - Factors related to increased susceptibility to intestinal lesions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the lactating rat. PMID- 7222023 TI - Effects of temperature and other factors on the toxicity of methylmercury in mice. PMID- 7222024 TI - The biochemical and genetic characteristics of murine ovarian aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a])pyrene) hydroxylase activity and its relationship to primordial oocyte destruction by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 7222025 TI - Chronic toxicity of technical fenitrothion in male rats. PMID- 7222026 TI - Formation of lead-induced inclusion bodies in primary rat kidney epithelial cell cultures: effect of actinomycin D and cycloheximide. PMID- 7222027 TI - Toxicity of Senecio jacobaea (tansy ragwort) in rats. PMID- 7222028 TI - Toxicologic effects of a high dose of thymidine in mice. PMID- 7222029 TI - Kinetics of paraquat elimination in the dog. PMID- 7222030 TI - Effect of administrative vehicle on oral 1,1-dichloroethylene toxicity. PMID- 7222031 TI - Porphyrogenic effect of chronic treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin in female rats. Dose--effect relationship following urinary excretion of porphyrins. PMID- 7222032 TI - The pharmacokinetics of repetitive benzene exposures at 300 and 100 ppm in AKR mice and Sprague--Dawley rats. PMID- 7222033 TI - Morphometric assessment of caudate neurons following fetal X-irradiation. PMID- 7222034 TI - Toxicologic classification of thermal decomposition products of synthetic and natural polymers. PMID- 7222035 TI - Fate of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in the monkey. PMID- 7222036 TI - Comparison of the effect of N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl) phthalamidic acid, DL penicillamine, and dimercaprol on the excretion of tissue retention of mercury in mice. PMID- 7222037 TI - Potentiation of acrylate ester toxicity by prior treatment with the carboxylesterase inhibitor triorthotolyl phosphate (TOTP). PMID- 7222038 TI - Tissue distribution and plasma protein binding of [14C]phenol in rats. PMID- 7222039 TI - Plasma protein binding of phenyl in dogs and rats as determined by equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration. PMID- 7222040 TI - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran tissue distribution and excretion in guinea pig. PMID- 7222042 TI - Metabolic disposition and irreversible binding of phencyclidine in rats. PMID- 7222041 TI - Comparison of some mono- and diisocyanates as sensory irritants. PMID- 7222043 TI - Dichloroacetate, sodium: 3-month oral toxicity studies in rats and dogs. PMID- 7222044 TI - Studies on mechanisms of diarrhea induced by fusarenon-X a trichothecene mycotoxin from Fusarium species. PMID- 7222046 TI - Protective effect of diethylmaleate pretreatment on carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7222045 TI - Acute toxicity of conventional versus shale-derived JP5 jet fuel: light microscopic, hematologic, and serum chemistry studies. PMID- 7222047 TI - The metabolism and disposition of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (Fyrol FR 2) in the rat. PMID- 7222048 TI - Renal function tests as indicators of kidney injury in subacute toxicity studies. PMID- 7222049 TI - Isolation and characteristics of hepatocytes. AB - The preparation of isolated hepatocytes for the investigation of liver metabolism in the intact cell is described, including some criteria to assess their metabolic competence. A comparison is made between parameters in the perfused liver and in hepatocytes. Freshly isolated hepatocytes are not readily suitable for metabolic studies. PMID- 7222050 TI - Interaction of rat IgA with cultured rat hepatocytes: binding site, drug effects. PMID- 7222051 TI - Monooxygenase reactions, glucuronic acid and sulphate conjugation in isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7222052 TI - Interference of chemicals with glycogen metabolism in isolated hepatocytes. AB - Freshly isolated hepatocytes in suspension were used to evaluate the possible effects of certain chemicals. Conditions including the choice of the incubation medium have been defined for maintaining the cells competent for a sufficient length of time. Using paracetamol alone or in combination with diethylmaleate, we have been able to show that these chemicals markedly alter the metabolic state of the cells, as indicated by an inhibition of glycogen synthesis and even by an enhancement of glycogen degradation, without modifying membrane integrity. These effects are dose-dependent and probably mediated through modification of glycogen phosphorylase activity. PMID- 7222053 TI - Separate isolation of cells from nodules and surrounding parenchyma of the same precancerous rat liver: biochemical and cytochemical characterization. AB - Various enzyme and metabolic alterations have been observed in the hyperplastic nodules which appear during the hepatocarcinogenesis. These alterations have been mainly specified by histochemical observations. In this report, a technique of hepatocyte isolation is described which enables the separation of 2 cellular fractions, respectively, from the nodules and from the surrounding parenchyma of the same liver of a rat previously treated with a hepatocarcinogen. Such a technique allowed parallel analysis of both cellular populations by biochemical and cytochemical techniques. PMID- 7222055 TI - The rate of DNA synthesis in HeLa cells during combined long-term and acute exposures to lead. AB - Asynchronous populations of HeLa cells growing as monolayers were incubated in a nutritive medium supplemented with a low concentration of 10(-5) M lead chloride for several months. At various time intervals the [3H]thymidine uptake was measured in the DNA of the cells by a scintillation counting technique. During the first 2 weeks of incubation, the rate of DNA synthesis was slightly reduced. After 3 weeks the synthesis returned to normal and later it was a little enhanced. The pretreated cells tolerated acute intoxication by a high lead concentration of 2.5 x 10(-4) M without a change in the rate of DNA synthesis. The cells also proliferated 1 year in a culture medium supplemented with a progressively increasing lead concentration. However, the survival of cells at the highest lead concentration lasted only a few days. After return to a metal free medium the cells again became very sensitive to lead as shown by the reduced rate of DNA synthesis. The transitory character of adaptation indicates that there was no direct genetic involvement. PMID- 7222056 TI - Acute phencyclidine poisoning in the unanesthetized dog: pathophysiologic profile of acute lethality. AB - Phencyclidine HCl was infused intravenously (1.0 mg/kg/min) to unanesthetized mongrel dogs until death. All animals experienced tonic-clonic convulsions (mean convulsive dose: 4.7 +/- 0.3 mg/kg) which lasted until shortly before death (mean lethal dose: 49.8 +/- 2.5 mg/kg). Significant increases in heart rate, arterial blood pressures, cardiac output, body temperature, and arterial pCO2 were observed in all animals. Significant reductions from pre-drug control values were observed in total peripheral resistance, arterial pH, arterial pO2, and respiratory minute volume. Blood lactate, oxygen uptake, and plasma glucose levels rose to values significantly higher than pre-drug control values then declined during the latter phase of the experiment, glucose levels decreased to final values lower than control. Animals appeared to die of primary respiratory failure, which was exacerbated by hyperthermia, and which resulted in final cardiovascular collapse. PMID- 7222054 TI - The use of isolated rat hepatocytes to measure unscheduled DNA synthesis as a screen for chemical carcinogens. AB - Isolated rat hepatocytes are being used in a variety of ways to answer fundamental questions concerning the metabolism of chemical compounds. These cells retain a high capacity to metabolise xenobiotics when treated shortly after isolation, as either suspensions or after attachment. The advantage of intact cells over rat liver enzyme preparations such as post-mitochondrial supernatant in assessing the likely in vivo metabolic fate of xenobiotics are numerous. When unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced in these cells is used as an endpoint to detect electrophile generation by carcinogens, again important questions concerning the extent and route of activation can be answered. However, the detection of UDS in these cells has been suggested as a possible screen for the detection of chemical carcinogens. It is the very advantage of the system in approaching the true in vivo situation that may work against its usefulness as such a screen by reducing its sensitivity. PMID- 7222057 TI - Relationship between liver and kidney levels of glutathione and metallothionein in rats. AB - The purpose of this study was to test if the tissue levels of glutathione and metallothioneins were inter-related. In rats, intraperitoneal administration of diethyl maleate or bromobenzene decreased glutathione levels in both the liver and kidney before doubling the metallothionein concentration in the liver and increasing that in kidneys by 40% starting from 6 h after intraperitoneal administration. Both Zn and Cd produced an increase in hepatic and renal metallothionein levels. However, unlike the responses to diethyl maleate and bromobenzene, the increase in metallothionein caused by the metals was not preceded by any significant changes in glutathione levels. Cd decreased the concentration of glutathione in the liver (at 36 h) and kidneys (at 24 h). In contrast, Zn produced an increase and no change in hepatic and renal glutathione concentrations, respectively. The conclusion is that tissue levels of metallothionein and glutathione are not always interrelated. PMID- 7222058 TI - Reproducibility of and experiences with the BHK cell transformation assay. AB - Transformation of BHK 21 C 13 cells was investigated using the ability of transformed cells to reproduce in semi solid agar (anchorage independent growth). A number of modifications to previously published methods have been made, our assays were carried out on 16 compounds, including both carcinogens and non carcinogens as judged by in vivo bioassay. Reproducibility of test results within the laboratory and with data derived from literature could be shown. Experiences concerning the optimal growth of transformed cells and the threshold level to differentiate between positive and negative results are discussed. PMID- 7222060 TI - Chemical modification of the histidine residue in phospholipase A2 from the Hemachatus haemachatus snake venom. PMID- 7222061 TI - Localization and effects of apamin after application to the central nervous system. PMID- 7222059 TI - Effects of cysteine and cystamine on the carbon tetrachloride induced decrease in arachidonic acid content of rat liver microsomal phospholipids. AB - Cystamine and cysteine inhibited the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) prooxidant effect on rat liver microsomal preparations, at concentrations ranging from 0.001 mM to 1 mM. Cysteine exhibited a biphasic effect being an inhibitor of the prooxidant action at concentrations below 0.1 mM and acting as an enhancer at 1 mM. Cystamine but not cysteine pretreatment of the rats prevented the CCl4 induced decrease in the arachidonic acid content of liver microsomal phospholipids. However, both cystamine and cysteine led to decreases in arachidonic acid similar to that produced by CCl4 but they do not have deleterious effects on the liver. These results cast doubt on the role of lipid peroxidation in the liver cell injury by CCl4. PMID- 7222062 TI - Responses to endotoxin of mice bearing the Lewis lung (3LL) carcinoma. PMID- 7222063 TI - Effects of an extract from the centipede Scolopendra moristans on intestine, uterus and heart contractions and on blood glucose and liver and muscle glycogen levels. PMID- 7222064 TI - Distribution and pathology of copperhead (agkistrodon contortrix) venom. PMID- 7222065 TI - [Myonecrosis, hemorrhage and edema induced by bothrops asper venom in white mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222066 TI - Gastric secretion and ulceration induced in the rat by an extract from scorpion (B. quinquestriatus) telsons. PMID- 7222067 TI - Amplification of the classical complement pathway by the venom of the Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus). PMID- 7222068 TI - Mutual potentiation, at nerve terminals, between toxins from snake venoms which contain phospholipase A activity: beta-bungarotoxin, crotoxin, taipoxin. PMID- 7222069 TI - Isolation and properties of two toxic tryptic peptides from ricin, the toxin of Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) seeds. PMID- 7222072 TI - Polyamines in some tarantula venoms. PMID- 7222070 TI - Comparative studies on venoms of the fer-de-lance (Bothrops atrox), carpet viper (Echis carinatus) and spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) snakes at different ages. PMID- 7222071 TI - Effects of antiserum on the systemic response in mice caused by a component isolated from an extract of the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) venom apparatus. PMID- 7222075 TI - Detection and quantitation of amanitin using an RNA-polymerase competition binding assay. PMID- 7222073 TI - Lethality in mice of the coconut crab Birgus latro. PMID- 7222074 TI - Phospholipase A2 activity of some crotalid snake venoms and fractions. PMID- 7222076 TI - Purification and some properties of H chain subunit of type A botulinum neurotoxin. PMID- 7222077 TI - Factor(s) in the venom of scorpions toxic to Schistosoma mansoni (intestinal belharzia) cercariae. PMID- 7222078 TI - Effect of some venoms on salivary gland activity. PMID- 7222079 TI - Amino acid sequence of a lethal myotoxic phospholipase A2 from the venom of the common sea snake (Enhydrina schistosa). PMID- 7222080 TI - Mechanism of the anticoagulant action of phospholipase A purified from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus (Formosan habu) snake venom. PMID- 7222082 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of a phospholipase A2 from the venom of Naja naja atra (Taiwan cobra). PMID- 7222081 TI - Ultrastructural changes and release reaction of platelets induced by an aggregation inducer purified from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus (Formosan habu) snake venom. PMID- 7222083 TI - Centruroides sculpturatus venom and platelet reactivity: possible role in scorpion venom-induced defibrination syndrome. PMID- 7222084 TI - The evolutionary origin of toxic proteins. PMID- 7222086 TI - Smooth muscle stimulating substances in the stinging nettle tree Obetia pinnatifida. PMID- 7222085 TI - Effect of rattlesnake venom (Crot alus viridis helleri) on bone marrow. PMID- 7222087 TI - Toxicity in the plethodontid salamanders Pseudotriton ruber and Pseudotriton montanus (Amphibia, Caudata). PMID- 7222088 TI - Isolation of four isotoxic proteins and one agglutinin from jequiriti bean (Abrus precatorius). PMID- 7222089 TI - Fibrinolytic and fibrinogen clotting enzymes present in the venoms of western diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox, eastern diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus adamanteus, and southern Pacific rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis helleri. PMID- 7222091 TI - Isolation of a hemolytic, toxic phospholipase from the venom of the Australian red-bellied black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus). PMID- 7222090 TI - Effect of modification of one histidine residue on the enzymatic and pharmacological properties of a toxic phospholipase A2 from Naja nigricollis snake venom and less toxic phospholipases A2 from Hemachatus haemachatus and Naja atra snake venoms. PMID- 7222092 TI - Blood protoporphyrin IX as a biological indicator of increased absorption of lead. AB - Blood lead and erythrocyte zinc-protoporphyrin levels were studied in 45 male adults exposed to lead (traditional home-factory pottery) and compared with two control populations. These two variables are well correlated in all the studied populations. Delta-aminolevulinic acid levels in urine (ALA-U) were significantly higher in the exposed group. Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Hc) values and clinical data were also considered. We conclude that the zinc protoporphyrin method here used is a simple reliable field test of the selection of individuals who need more detailed clinical investigation. PMID- 7222093 TI - More data on mercury absorption in relation to dietary treatment in rats. AB - The kinetics of mercury (Hg) absorption in relation to diet by determining whole body (WB), carcass (C) and gut (G) retention in control and milk-fed rats 6, 9, 12 and 15 days after oral administration of 203Hg have been studied. All retention values were higher in the milk-fed than in control rats during the experimental period. The higher WB retention in the milk-fed animals was primarily due to increased G retention especially at shorter time intervals. Animals on the milk diet had in the C, higher retention values, and in the G, higher retention and longer residence time. There was no evidence that Hg from the gut compartment entered into other parts of the body within the observation period. More evidence is needed about the effect of other dietary treatments on Hg metabolism. PMID- 7222095 TI - In vitro transformation of hamster embryo cells by 3-(N-salicyloyl)amino-1,2,4 triazole. AB - The in vitro carcinogenic activities of 3-(N-salicyloyl)amino-1,2,4-triazole (SAT) and its two components, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and phenyl salicylate were examined in a transformation assay with cryopreserved hamster embryo cells. SAT induced morphological transformation at certain doses between 10 microgram/ml and 100 microgram/ml in each of 5 repeated experiments, but gave a negative result in the Salmonella mutation assay. 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole also induced transformation in 3 repeated experiments. Phenyl salicylate did not induce transformation at any of the doses tested in 3 consecutive experiments. PMID- 7222096 TI - Serum ceruloplasmin in manganese-treated rats. AB - Rats were exposed to manganese (Mn) (6 mg/kg) daily for 30 days. The content of ceruloplasmin decreased significantly by 19.5% while copper (Cu) content was reduced by 27.8% in the serum of Mn-treated animals. These alterations were associated with a marked increase in the Cu content of liver and brain. The significant decrease in serum Cu and ceruloplasmin may serve as useful parameters for early diagnosis of Mn poisoning. PMID- 7222094 TI - Acrylamide induced inhibition of hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activity in rats. AB - Rats injected i.p. with acrylamide (50 mg/kg/day) for 5 days showed a significant inhibition of hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity; maximum inhibition occurred in 15-day-old rats in which early development of hind limb paralysis was noted. Addition of acrylamide in vitro to the assay system also inhibited GST activity. No changes were observed in oxidized and reduced glutathione contents. PMID- 7222097 TI - Toxicity of endosulfan and manganese chloride: cumulative toxicity rating. AB - There has been, in general, no accepted comparable way to express the effects of repeated doses. This study was designed to provide information on cumulative toxicity of manganese chloride (MnCl2), endosulfan, and a mixture of these compounds and to suggest cumulative toxicity rating. Male mice were given the test compound i.p. 6 days/week for a minimum for 10 weeks and until the cumulative LD50 remained constant for 3 consecutive weeks. Using a ratio between a single dose and weekly cumulative LD50 (CLD50), cumulative toxic factors (CTF) were determined. The CTF for weeks 1-13 for MnCl2 ranged from 0 to 3.48; endosulfan LD50 and CLD50 values for a mixture of MnCl2 and endosulfan were higher than the expected values, indicating a greatly reduced toxicity of a mixture, when given either in a single dose or repeated doses. Using the CLD50 criterion as laid down in this study, the cumulative toxicity rating, class 1 to 6, has been suggested so as to have a comparative assessment of th cumulative potential of several compounds. PMID- 7222098 TI - Sister-chromatid exchanges induced in vitro by cyclophosphamide without exogenous metabolic activation in lymphocytes from three mammalian species. AB - The induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by cyclophosphamide (CP) in human, rat and rabbit lymphocytes was studied in vitro without exogenous metabolic activation. In contrast with published reports, CP induced SCEs in lymphocytes from all three species, indicating that cultured lymphocytes possess the metabolic capacity to convert this indirect-acting mutagen. PMID- 7222099 TI - Effects of acrylamide given during gestation on dopamine receptor binding in rat pups. AB - Acrylamide (20 mg/kg) was administered by gavage to time-pregnant Fischer 344 rats daily from day 7 to day 16 of gestation. Acrylamide did not affect the number, size, or body weights of litters obtained but did decrease the [3H]spiroperidol binding in striatal membranes of 2-week-old pups. This effect could not be seen at 3 weeks of age. Scatchard analysis showed that acrylamide changed the affinity as well as the number of dopamine receptor sites. There were no signs of maternal toxicity in dosed mothers as evaluated by their body weights or general appearance. PMID- 7222100 TI - Setting legislative norms for environmental lead exposure: results of an epidemiological survey in the east of Belgium. AB - Blood lead concentrations (Pb-B, microgram/100 ml) was measured in children and adults, both sexes, living in and around Liege (control group, n = 859) and in the urban center of Verviers (exposed group, n = 568) where houses with lead piping are supplied with corrosive drinking water. In control children, the mean Pb-B increases with age; in control adults the levels are higher than for children, but are independent of age (ranges: males 19.1 - 21.1; females 12.9 - 16.9). In exposed children aged 5-14 years, the mean Pb-B is higher than in young exposed adults: these children constitute thus a high risk group. In the exposed adults, the mean Pb-B rises also with age (ranges: male 24.2 - 33.5; females 19.4 - 32.3). Our epidemiological survey shows that the safety margin of the present EEC figures is acceptable for children exposed to the low and usual urban Pb concentrations. PMID- 7222101 TI - Effect of a single oral dose of DDT on lipid metabolism in rat. AB - A single oral dose of 1,1,1-trichloro-2-2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) (600 mg/kg body weight) was given to rats and the levels of various lipids in adipose tissue, liver and plasma were studied. No alteration was observed in the levels of various lipid classes in these tissues except for a decrease in the phospholipid and triglyceride fractions in liver. Lipoprotein lipase activity of post-heparin plasma (protamine-sensitive and -resistant) was significantly decreased, whereas in liver and adipose tissue, the activity of this enzyme remained unchanged. PMID- 7222102 TI - Urinary excretion of an uracilic metabolite from caffeine by rat, monkey and man. AB - Caffeine (C) metabolism has been studied in rat, monkey (Macaca cynomolgus) and man after oral administration of the compound. Eleven metabolites were quantified in urine; particular attention has been drawn to 4-amino [5-formyl methylamino]1,3-dimethyl uracil (ADMU) because of its structural analogies with 5 fluorouracil. The rat has been found to produce a much larger fraction of ADMU (about 30%) in respect to monkey an man (1-2%). The potential toxicological implications of this findings are discussed. PMID- 7222105 TI - The chemical form of cadmium in microsomal and mitochondrial fractions from rat liver and kidney after long term administration of cadmium chloride. AB - Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 250 ppm cadmium (Cd) for 12 months. After excising the kidney and liver, the organs were subfractionated into nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal and cytosol fractions, and the chemical forms of Cd in the subcellular fractions were examined. Although approx. 90% of the total Cd was present in the cytosol, in the form of metallothionein, 3-5% was also present in the mitochondrial fraction and 5-7% in the microsomal fraction from both organs. Each membrane fraction was washed 3 times and there was no contamination of metallothionein from the cytosol according to Cd/protein ratios. By Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, after solubilizing the particulate fractions with sodium deoxycholate, approx. 89% of Cd in the microsomal fraction and 94% in the mitochondrial fraction eluted with the same retention time as that of metallothionein in both liver and kidney, while the remainder was found in a high molecular weight protein fraction. The Cd eluted with the high molecular protein fraction might be involved in dysfunctions in subcellular organelles. PMID- 7222103 TI - Protective effect of a new antioxidant on acute hepatotoxicity caused by morpholine plus nitrite in rats. AB - Bis(2,2-dimethyl-4-methane sulphonic acid sodium salt-1,2-dihydroquinoline)-6,6' methane (MTDQ-DA), a new, non-toxic, water soluble antioxidant, is shown to inhibit liver necrosis induced in rats by N-nitrosomorpholine (N-MOR), itself formed in vivo following the administration simultaneously of morphine (MOR) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2). PMID- 7222104 TI - Changes of essential metal contents in lungs of rats acutely exposed to nitrogen dioxide. AB - Female Wistar rats were exposed to 20 ppm NO2 for 24 h and 10 ppm NO2 for 10 days and the changes of 5 essential metal contents in the lung were investigated by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The contents of calcium (Ca) and copper (Cu) in lungs of rats exposed to 20 ppm NO2 increased significantly compared with controls. On 10 ppm NO2 exposure, the contents of these two metals increased rapidly at an early stage during exposure and zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) contents increased successively with the increase of lung weight. PMID- 7222106 TI - Lack of covalent binding to rat liver DNA of the hypolipidemic drugs clofibrate and fenofibrate. AB - 14C-labelled clofibric acid and fenofibric acid were administered p.o. to 200 g male and female rats. After 10 h, liver nuclear DNA and protein were isolated and the radioactivity was determined. Binding to protein was clearly measurable whereas no binding to DNA could be detected from any drug. A comparison of the limit of detection of such DNA binding with well-known chemical carcinogens revealed that the known hepatocarcinogenicity of clofibrate cannot be based upon an initiating, DNA damaging, mode of action but must be due to other, nongenotoxic, mechanisms such as peroxisome proliferation, hepatomegaly, or cytotoxicity due to protein binding. The risk assessment in man and the interpretation of the carcinogenicity data for rodents are discussed. PMID- 7222107 TI - Effect of several factors on the liver extract mediated mutagenicity of acrylonitrile and identification of four new in vitro metabolites. AB - The mutagenicity of acrylonitrile (ACN) was tested with Salmonella typhimurium TA1530 after a preincubation period of the chemical with a rat liver post mitochondrial fraction in liquid medium. Several pretreatments were applied to the animals before the preparation of the liver fractions and different compounds added to the incubation mixture, which were shown to modify the liver mediated mutagenic activity of ACN. Four metabolites: cyanoacetic acid, cyanoethanol, acetic acid and glycolaldehyde were identified after incubation of ACN with the rat liver homogenate. From both sets of results, an in vitro metabolic scheme is proposed to ACN, which postulates the intermediate formation of a radical species and an epoxide. PMID- 7222108 TI - Identification of two urinary metabolites of rats treated with acrylonitrile; influence of several inhibitors on the mutagenicity of those urines. AB - Urines collected from rats injected with acrylonitrile (ACN) were mutagenic towards Salmonella typhimurium TA1530; this activity was reduced when the animals were pretreated by pyrazole (inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase) and suppressed after pretreatment either by CoCl2 and SKF 525-A (inhibitors of the mixed function oxidases system) or by trichloroacetonitrile (radical trapping agent). On the other hand, two urinary metabolites (cyanoethanol and cyanoacetic acid) have been detected by gas chromatography. One possible scheme for the in vivo metabolism of ACN is presented which postulates the intermediate formation of a radical species and of an epoxide. PMID- 7222109 TI - Mutagenicity of acrylonitrile in mouse. AB - The capacity of acrylonitrile (ACN) to produce chromosome aberrations in mammals was studied in somatic and germ cells of male NMRI mice. Induction of chromosome aberrations was followed in bone marrow cells 6, 18, 24, 48 and 72 h after an i.p. injection of 20 or 30 mg/kg acrylonitrile, and polychromatic erythrocytes were examined for the presence of micronuclei 24, 30 and 48 h after injection. The dominant lethal test served to detect chromosome aberrations in meiotic and postmeiotic male germ cells. All the tests utilized yielded negative results, so that it may be concluded that acute treatment with acrylonitrile has no clastogenic effects on male mouse cells in vivo. PMID- 7222113 TI - Preliminary studies on the validity of in vitro measurement of drug toxicity using HeLa cells. IV. Therapeutic effects and side effects of 50 drugs related to the HeLa toxicity of the therapeutic concentrations. AB - As a measure of the relevance to human drug effects of drug cytotoxicity in vitro, calculated and actual therapeutic blood concentrations of 50 drugs were divided by their 50% inhibitory concentrations for HeLa cells in vitro to make up three types of cytotoxic quotients (CQTv, CQTd, and CQTr). When the various quotients were compared with known cytotoxic effects of the drugs the parameters correlated well. While most drugs at single dosage reached concentrations with low quotients (CQTv and CQTd) corresponding to few reported cytotoxic effects and side effects, a substantial number of drugs at repeated dosage reached concentrations with high quotients (CQTr) corresponding to known or suspected cytotoxic action in man. PMID- 7222111 TI - Observations, in vitro, on N-nitrosation by intracellular extracts of some microorganisms isolated from palm wine. AB - Soluble fractions of sonicates derived from cell suspensions of some bacteria and yeasts, which contaminate palm sap, enhanced nitrosamine formation when each fraction was incubated, under sterile conditions, at a pH of 7.0 +/- 0.2, with either diphenylamine, dimethylamine or diethylamine and sodium nitrite and glucose as substrates. The intrinsic factor in the extracts, which was responsible for the N-nitrosation reactions, was heat labile and might be an enzyme; a so-called 'N-nitrosatase'. PMID- 7222110 TI - Interaction of acrylonitrile with hepatic microsomes of rats and men. AB - Acrylonitrile (AN) showed spectral interaction with hepatic microsomes from mouse, rat and man. Whereas human and rat liver microsomes resulted in ligand AN binding spectra, mouse liver microsomes behaved differently. Hepatic microsomes from phenobarbital-treated mice with AN showed a type I substrate binding; ligand spectra are recorded with microsomes from benzo[a]pyrene-treated mice. Microsomes from untreated control mice showed a mixed type behaviour. PMID- 7222112 TI - Effect of lead and zinc administration on liver, kidney and brain levels of copper, lead, manganese and zinc and on erythrocyte ALA-D activity in rats. AB - Albino male rats were given lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) orally, singly or in combination, for 14 consecutive days. Liver Pb was increased and liver manganese (Mn) was decreased in animals receiving Pb. The combination of Pb and Zn led to increased Pb and decreased copper (Cu) and Mn. Kidney Zn was increased in rats given Zn or the combination of Pb and Zn. There were no changes in kidney Cu or Mn in any group. Brain Pb levels were significantly increased in animals given Pb and Zn levels in those given Zn. Erythrocytic amino levulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity was significantly decreased by Pb but not by Pb + Zn. PMID- 7222114 TI - The uptake of zinc, lead, copper and manganese by carp fed with activated sludge. AB - The incorporation of 10 or 40% of activated sludge improved the growth rates of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, by comparison with those receiving a commercial fish feed (Tubifex worms) alone. The incorporation of 70% or 85% sludge, however, yielded very poor growth rates. The visceral organs of fish receiving 70 or 85% sludge contained 2 X zinc (Zn), 2.5 X copper (Cu) and 1.4 X manganese (Mn) of the control group. PMID- 7222116 TI - Effect of tetracycline on adriamycin cardiotoxicity. AB - Male rats were treated with either adriamycin (2 mg/kg, i.v. weekly) or adriamycin and tetracycline (10 mg/kg, i.p., daily) for 8 weeks. Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity was measured after 8 weeks as an index of cardiotoxicity. Serum CPK was significantly elevated in the adriamycin-treated rats. Tetracycline failed to inhibit the adriamycin-induced increase in serum CPK. These results indicated that tetracycline does not prevent adriamycin induced cardiotoxicity. PMID- 7222115 TI - Development of glycolipids and gangliosides in lead treated neonatal rats. AB - Lead (0.01% or 0.1% in the diet) was given to rats from conception to an age of 14, 21 or 32 days, and the development of brain cerebrosides, sulfatides and gangliosides was followed. Animals which had received 0.1% lead displayed a marked retardation in the onset and a reduction in the final level (at 32 days) of the lipids characteristic for the myelination process (cerebrosides and sulfatides). A slight decrease was also seen in the level of gangliosides at 32 days. It is suggested that certain aspects of lead encephalopathy might be explained by the toxic effects of lead on the glia population and the consequent interference with normal formation of myelin. PMID- 7222117 TI - The current concepts of "normal values" and "clinical reference values" in the clinical laboratory (trials for determining clinical reference values of the Tokai University Hospital). AB - The purposes of this commentary are 1) to summarize the problems and ambiguities that cause many clinical pathologists to discard the term "normal values"; 2) to describe and define two terms, 'normal values" and "clinical reference values", which are becoming important for clinical interpretation of laboratory data; 3) to describe a new method for estimating clinical reference ranges of blood chemistry laboratory tests performed on selected Tokai University Hospital patients; and 4) to provide a bibliography of articles that have focused attention on the conceptual problems in this field. PMID- 7222118 TI - Estrogen receptor in rat thymus cytosol. AB - Estrogen binding components were characterized in cytosol fractions from the lymphatic tissues of castrated rats. Sucrose gradient analysis revealed specific binding of tritiated estrogen in the thymus. The binding was highly specific since it was easily displaced by unlabeled estrogen, but not by the non estrogenic steroids used. In thymus cytosols from both males and females, the equilibrium dissociation constant of estrogen binding was--0.3 nM and the saturation binding was 6 fmols/mg of protein. Enzyme- and heat-experiments demonstrated a specific estrogen binder in thymic cytosol which was heat-labile and protein in nature. It was concluded that the rat thymus contains on estrogen receptor which is in part protein and heat-labile. PMID- 7222119 TI - Simultaneous measurements of shifts of the center of gravity caused by ventilation and cardiac motions towards three body axes. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous measurements of three dimensional shifts of the gravitational center of the body caused by ventilatory and cardiac motions. The measuring system consists fundamentally of three load cells which support an aluminum die-casting platform. Measurement of the shift towards the X axis (front-to-back) was achieved by double integration of the outputs of load cells in order to convert acceleration into a shift of gravity. The records of a volunteer subjects measured with ECG and ventilatory flow showed two cardinal oscillations; one coinciding with the heat rate and the other with the ventilatory frequency. This became clear when recorded through either a low-pass or high-pass filter. Animal who breathed a SF6-O2 mixture into one side of the lungs or those with partial occlusion of a bronchus showed distinct changes in the pattern of the Y axis (right-to-left). These preliminary experiments convinced us that the system can serve as a non-invasive monitoring system of cardiopulmonary functions. PMID- 7222120 TI - Hematemesis and melena: Endoscopic examination. AB - Today, gastrointestinal endoscopy has become a routine examination. In our "Endoscopy center", about five hundred gastroscopies are performed every month. It has been said in many reports that endoscopy, especially emergency endoscopy, is an effective method of discovering sources of bleeding. In this report, we also emphasize that emergency endoscopy is effective in diagnosing upper gastrointestinal bleeding on the basis of reviewing 318 endoscopic examinations. PMID- 7222121 TI - Hematemesis and melena: Mallory-Weiss syndrome. AB - The records of 29 patients with Mallory-Weiss tears diagnosed by endoscopy are reviewed. Ingestion of alcohol was a chief cause of bleeding. Single tears were the largest in number and 68% of the lacerations were seen just distal to the esophago-cardial junction. Lacerations occurred more frequently on the right lateral wall of cardia than on the left lateral wall. Most of these lesions were mild and could be treated medically except for two cases which were surgically treated. PMID- 7222123 TI - Lymphocytotoxic antibody in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - The autoimmune mechanism in Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) and the close association of this syndrome with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been suggested in several reports. Although the pathological significances of lymphocytotoxic antibody is obscure, possible roles of this antibody in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity have been speculated. The purposes of the present study were to demonstrate lymphocytotoxic antibody in sera of patients with SjS, and then to analyse various correlations of this antibody with clinical parameters of SjS. We detected cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibody not only in most (86.4%) of the patients with SLE, but also in many patients with SjS (51.6%; excluding SjS patients with SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 31.6%) and myasthenia gravis (MG; 36,4%), which are considered to be autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, lymphocytotoxic antibody was detected in only one (5.6%) of eighteen healthy persons. We also confirmed that the cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibody detected in SLE is 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive and T-lymphocytotoxic antibody. Frequent demonstration (50%) of this antibody even in SjS patients without any associated diseases supports the immunological basis of SjS as well as virological participation in SjS. Although this antibody did not significantly correlate with most of the clinical parameters in SjS patients, this antibody may become a hallmark as one of immunological abnormalities in SjS, even though it was produced by non-specific lymphocyte activation. PMID- 7222122 TI - Posterior subcapsular cortical cataract by inhibitor on DNA replication. AB - 2',3'-dideoxythymidine (d2T) and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine (ara C) were added to the cultured rat crystalline lens and histological changes were observed until the 7th day. With the addition of d2T, no development of cataract was observed in the gross or histological examinations. With the addition of ara C, however, anterior capsular opacity developed by the 3rd day and histological observations revealed a marked reduction in the number of anterior epithelial cells. By the 7th day, opacity of the posterior subcapsular cortex was added to the gross findings and the histological features included vesicle formation and development of Morgagni vesicles immediately below the posterior capsule vesicle formation and development of Morgagni vesicles immediately below the posterior capsule (corresponding to the area of opacity of the gross findings), total disappearance of the anterior capsular epithelial cells, and the existence of degenerated epithelial cells and bladder cells in the bow area. 1) Lack of development of cataracts in spite of the addition of d2T was interpreted to indicate that suppression of the DNA repair mechanism not participate in the etiology of a cataract. 2) Development of cataracts with addition of ara C appeared to implicate suppression of replication of the lens epithelial cells as a cause of cataracts. PMID- 7222124 TI - A case of polycystic disease of the liver and the kidney associated with cerebral aneurysm and fulminant hepatitis. AB - The clinical course of a case of polycystic disease of the liver and kidney associated with the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm and fatal fulminant hepatitis is outlined, and the clinical significance is discussed. PMID- 7222125 TI - Diffusion, convection and their coupling as gas transport mechanisms in the lungs: a model experiment. AB - The roles of diffusion and convection in gas transport were studied by means of a lung model with a hollow bronchial cast of a dog. He, Ar and SF6 were chosen as indicators with different diffusivities. Axial dispersion of a heavier gas was much better, but the concentration gradient in a static gas phase was greater for a heavier gas, i.e., there was a larger stratified inhomogeneity for a less diffusible gas. Crossings of He and SF6 concentration curves were observed between diffusion distances of 6 and 8 cm, which could be assumed to be a critical point of conversion where either convective mixing or diffusion favored gas transport. The results observed also suggested that the effective diffusion coefficient and speed of respiration affected the efficiency of gas transport. PMID- 7222126 TI - Medical treatment of chronic hepatitis. Results of a retrospective study. AB - A retrospective study on 247 cases of chronic hepatitis was made. 177 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH) were treated with prednisolone, azathioprine, the combination of prednisolone and azathioprine, or D penicillamine. Prednisolone and the combined therapy was significantly more effective than azathioprine or D-penicillamine. It seems questionable, however, whether the addition of azathioprine to prednisolone is of real advantage. PMID- 7222127 TI - Tannic acid as an electron microscope tracer for permeable cell membranes. AB - To recognize damaged cells in preparations for transmission electron microscopy, high molecular weight (1700 MW) tannic acid (1-4%) has been added to glutaraldehyde fixing solutions. During fixation, the tannic acid penetrates only those cells whose plasma membranes were previously damaged. It enhances the electron density of the injured cells, which become clearly distinguishable from the undamaged ones. As a tracer tannic acid shows great advantages over either lanthanum hydroxide, ruthenium red, or horseradish peroxidase. It diffuses evenly throughout the tissue block and is not removed by preparative steps. Furthermore, it is also a good tracer at the light microscope level. PMID- 7222128 TI - [A new applicator for interstitial therapy using AU 198 and I125 seeds]. PMID- 7222129 TI - [Nuclear processes on operation of linear accelerators (author's transl)]. AB - The primary nuclear reactions possibly occurring in accelerators operated on an energy level between 8 and 20 MeV are outlined, and their probability is estimated. Furthermore, the authors discuss which photoneutron rates par micron As are to be expected in case of different threshold energies in a tungsten sheet with a thickness of 6 mm and which secondary nuclear processes are induced by the photoneutrons. PMID- 7222130 TI - [Measurements of the surface dose for the irradiation of cultured cells with a Co 60 source (author's transl)]. AB - In order to exactly determine the irradiation dose for cultured cells in culture containers (Petri dishes and others), it is necessary to have a detailed knowledge of the depth dose curve in water-equivalent layers near the surface. This curve was determined for Co-60 radiation by means of a window-less liquidity dosemeter. The dosemeter liquid was a solution of ammonium-iron (II) sulfate (solution of Fricke), the extinction of which was measured at 304 nm. Petri dishes were used instead of closed irradiation flasks. The distance QOA was 50 cm for all experiments, the field size was 10 X 10 cm. The depth dose maximum was found in a depth of 5,0 mm which corresponds to a mass of 0,50 g cm-2 relating to the surface. The surface dose was determined to be 39,2% and 106,6% of the maximum dose, respectively. This method can also be applied for closed culture containers (flasks). PMID- 7222131 TI - [Variability of the dose effect in the radio-biologic experimentation on animals. Second communication: influence of breed, sex, age as well as of infections on death rates and LD 50 values (author's transl)]. AB - As already demonstrated for Wistar rats, the radioresistance of Siv-50 male and female rats increases continually during their first months of life. Furthermore, males show a higher radioresistance than females during this period. The authors show with the same animals that a very radiosensitive rat strain can become a highly radioresistant strain after 2 1/2 years. After whole-body irradiation with 800--900 R, the increase of resistance of 85 days old males was between 62% and 68%. As a cause of this resistance increase, a mixed infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and other germs is discussed. On the basis of literature, the authors discuss the occurrence of radioresistance increases after immunization or preconditioning with various bacterial vaccines and bacterial endotoxins. PMID- 7222132 TI - [Variability of the dose effect in the radio-biologic experimentation on animals. Third communication: Influence of breed, sex, age as well as radiation dose on body weight and survival time in days after whole-body irradiation of Wistar and Siv-50 rats (author's transl)]. AB - After a whole-body irradiation of Wistar and Siv-50 rat males and females with 600 to 900 R, the survival times and the development of weight of the irradiated animals were determined and compared. The development of body weight was influenced by the dose administered as well as by age, sex and breed of the animals. Furthermore, the weight curves showed also characteristic analogies. During a period of 30 days after the irradiation, there are generally two phases with a considerable weight loss which are both accompanied by a reduced absorption of drinking-water and the appearance of a gastrointestinal and hemopoietic irradiation damage as well as the resulting activity increase of the pituitary gland and the cortex of the suprarenal gland. The weight recovery occurring after sublethal radiation doses is also influenced by the administered dose and the age of the animals. The dropping weight curves of dying animals are equally dependent on the administered dose. With regard to the survival time in days in dependence upon the administered dose and the age of the animals, the authors proved that the survival time of the finally dying animals becomes longer as their radioresistance increases. During the last phase of the 30 days' experimentation, females show a markedly increased death rate whereas males seem to have continually better survival chances when they are still alive at the last phase. PMID- 7222133 TI - Histological examination of the effect of differently fractionated irradiations in rat and mouse organs. I. Observations after 60Co-gamma whole-body irradiation. AB - After 60Co-gamma whole-body irradiation with a total dose of 4 Gy, fractionated in different manners, radiation injury is less after five fractions given daily than after two fractions given in 3-day intervals. This can histologically be shown on radiosensitive organs of rats and mice in some significant minority of the cases. After daily three, altogether 15 radiation fractions, only rarely can be observed further tissue sparing effect. PMID- 7222134 TI - MPG protection against radiation sickness and weight loss and its correlation with mortality of mice after whole-body gamma-irradiation. AB - The radiation-induced mortality together with the loss of body-weight and development of radiation sickness was studied in young adult Swiss albino mice after exposure to 1500 R of 60Co gamma-radiation in the presence and absence of 2 mercaptopropionyl-glycine (MGP), and results from both the groups were compared. It was found that the time of onset of radiation sickness was delayed in the drug treated group, the mean survival time was also increased to 6 days as compared to 4.5 days in the untreated control group. These changes showed a direct correlation with the body-weight changes as the loss of weight in the drug treated group was less marked and more gradual than in the untreated controls. PMID- 7222135 TI - [Early judgement on the results in radiation therapy of colorectal cancer: determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in blood serum at daily intervals from the beginning of irradiation (author's transl)]. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) as tumor cell markers have been determined in the blood serum of 10 patients with colorectal cancer, who underwent preoperative irradiation with 200 to 250 rad daily (total focal dose 2000 to 2500 rad). Daily analysis was made during the irradiation, and, moreover, a determination 2 weeks after the resection of the tumor. Simultaneously CEA and LDH were determined in 10 controls. Serum CEA and LDH levels were found significantly increased in tumor patients as compared to controls. The course was characterized by a peak of LDH on days 4 and 7 from the onset of radiation treatment, while serum CEA did not show a peak in the total of the tumor patients; but in 3 individual patients a peak was detected. In 5 patients, with low CEA values from the beginning, no significant modifications of CEA did appear. Thus, some of the patients undergoing irradiation revealed CEA kinetics conform to theoretical considerations, suggesting a response to irradiation of the colorectal carcinoma. The prognostic value of the early CEA kinetics during radiation treatment should be examined in patients being irradiated for inoperable local recurrence. PMID- 7222136 TI - [Diseases of the brachial plexus after surgery and irradiation of breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The authors evaluated retrospectively the medical records of 1028 female and two male patients operated upon and post-irradiated because of a breast cancer. Thirty-nine among the female patients suffered from a plexus disease. When considering the reasons for the formation of this disease, one must not only suppose that the operation method and the influence of the dose is at its origin, but the hyperemization and hyperhydration which may develop in the early postoperative phase or due to hormonal action have to be taken into consideration, too. The following conclusions were drawn for patients submitted to radical operations: 1. The irradiations should not be started much earlier than twenty days after the operation. 2. The dose calculation and beginning of irradiations should be controlled very carefully for patients aged below 45 and/or patients presenting an oedema of the arm. 3. No maximum doses are administered to patients treated by hormonal and/or pharmacological therapy (not more than 42 to 45 Gy). PMID- 7222137 TI - [The erysipelas as complication of a lymph oedema after therapy of mastocarcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - 1812 patients with mastocarcinomas were submitted to a combined therapy (surgery and radiotherapy); 34.2% of them developed an oedema. This inflammation is a complicating factor because it may increase the oedematous tendency. The authors discuss the correlations between a disturbed defluxion and an erysipelas tendency as well as the risks of a chronic stasis. These correlations necessitate an immediate and intensive treatment of the erysipelas. PMID- 7222138 TI - [Classification of stages of renal tumors by means of computed tomography scanning (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty-eight patients with malignant renal tumors were submitted to computed tomography scanning. Fifty patients were operated. In eight patients, the disease was too advanced to allow a surgical treatment. The preoperative classification of stages was made according to the Robson scheme and compared with the results of the postoperative histopathological examination. There were identical results in 82% of all operated patients. An analysis of the individual results (fat tissue infiltration, lymph node metastases, infiltration of adjacent organs or veins) shows that the method is limited by the uncertain estimation of the renal vein as well as of the beginning fat tissue infiltration. The good results should give occasion to adopt the computed tomography scanning of the kidney into the staging catalogue of IUCC. Computed tomography scanning should be the basic examination for preoperative staging of renal tumors. PMID- 7222139 TI - On a possible use of point detectors in intracavitary therapy (Stockholm method). AB - The authors discuss the possible use of point detectors for the determination of source movements in the Stockholm method of intracavitary therapy. It was demonstrated that the displacement of the source may be seen from the reading of only two point detectors. The average position of the source can be assessed from the dose determined at two points if an appropriate correction term is used. PMID- 7222140 TI - The effect of sodium on aldosterone metabolic clearance. AB - The effect of sodium intake on the aldosterone metabolic clearance rate (MCR) was examined in 5 normal subjects. Measurements were made under conditions where dietary sodium ranged from 10 to 1500 meq/day. There were no consistent changes in MCR over these extremes of sodium intake, and the plasma level of aldosterone correlated only with the aldosterone urinary excretion rate. In an additional group of 6 normal subjects, a single dose of 100 meq sodium administered orally had no effect on the aldosterone MCR. The findings indicate that aldosterone metabolism is unaffected by sodium intake. PMID- 7222141 TI - 5 alpha-Dihydro-11-deoxycorticosterone: effect on blood pressure in the rat. AB - The bioactivity of 5 alpha-reduced sex steroids such as 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone has increased interest in an analogous role for 5 alpha reduced mineralocorticoids in hypertensive syndromes. In view of its relatively high mineralocorticoid receptor affinity despite relatively low electrolyte altering effects, 5-alpha-dihydro-11-deoxycorticosterone, or 5 alpha DHDOC (2) was compared to 11-deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) for blood pressure-altering ability by continuous subcutaneous infusion into uninephrectomized saline drinking Sprague-Dawley male rats, at doses selected on the basis of relative mineralocorticoid receptor affinity. After three weeks of treatment, DOCA significantly raised blood pressure, body weight, heart and kidney weight, and produced a discernible increase in fluid intake; 5 alpha DHDOC failed to affect any of these parameters commonly influenced by mineralocorticoids. We conclude that 1) the ability of 5 alpha DHDOC to affect blood pressure was not predicted by its relatively high affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor, and 2) these data do not support a role for 5 alpha DHDOC in mineralocorticoid hypertension, although differences in protein binding and clearance could affect its blood pressure-altering activity. PMID- 7222142 TI - Effect of maternal administration of the antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol throughout the last third of baboon gestation upon neonatal corticoid production. PMID- 7222143 TI - The oxidation of a steroidal bromohydrin revisited. AB - A comparative study was made of the reactions of 5-bromo-3 beta, 6 beta-dihydroxy 5 alpha-androstan-17-one 3-acetate (1) with lead tetraacetate alone and in the presence of iodine in both high intensity visible light and in total darkness using a variety of solvents. Markedly different product profiles were obtained under the different reaction conditions, making our results of both practical importance and theoretical interest. PMID- 7222144 TI - Steroids and related products. XLVII. Cardiotonic steroids. VII. The 14 beta hydroxylation of 17 beta-substituted steroids. Part II. AB - The most efficient method for introducing a 14 beta-hydroxy group into a steroid with a 17 beta-side chain is reported. It can be used in the presence of an unsaturated lactone ring. PMID- 7222145 TI - Inhibition of bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc by 3,3' dimethoxybenzidine. AB - The effect of 3,3'=dimethoxybenzidine (o-dianisidine) on the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone was investigated in a reconstituted side chain cleavage system using enzymes purified from bovine adrenal cortex; d-p aminoglutethimide was also assayed under similar conditions for comparison. 3,3' Dimethoxybenzidine was found to be a potent inhibitor of pregnenolone formation, causing 50% inhibition at a concentration of 1.5 microM when using 70 microM cholesterol - this dose is approximately one fourth that required of 3 methoxybenzidine and one twentieth that required of benzidine for equal inhibition. In the same system, d-p-aminoglutethimide exhibited an I50 value of about 55 microM. No effects of 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine on adrenodoxin reductase or adrenodoxin activities could be detected, and inhibition of side chain cleavage could be relieved by dilution suggesting that the inhibitor acts by reversibly binding to cytochrome P-450scc. PMID- 7222146 TI - Conditions affecting AtT-20 cell glucocorticoid uptake. AB - Glucocorticoid uptake by intact AtT-20/D-1 cells was studied to determine if the extent of uptake was enhanced or retarded by binding components in serum. The results demonstrate that the uptake of corticosterone, which binds to transcortin, was reduced by addition of serum while uptake of triamcinolone acetonide, which is not bound by transcortin, was unaffected. Neither heat denatured serum nor bovine serum albumin affected corticosterone uptake, further emphasizing the specificity of the inhibition. The presence of serum also affected the apparent binding specificity, since steroids able to bind to transcortin became less effective competitors when serum was present in the incubation medium. In the absence of serum, the specificity of glucocorticoid uptake was qualitatively similar to that of the isolated cytosol receptor. These results emphasize that the selective inhibitory effect of serum transcortin on whole cell uptake of certain steroids should be considered when assaying steroid potency in intact cellular systems. PMID- 7222147 TI - The development and application of a direct radioimmunoassay for corticosterone. AB - A direct, simple and highly specific radioimmunoassay for corticosterone has been developed. The assay does not require preliminary solvent extraction of the sample or any chromatographic step. The assay utilises a highly specific antibody raised in rabbits against corticosterone-3-(0-carboxymethyl)-oxime-BSA immunogen and gamma-labeled corticosterone of high specific activity. An excellent correlation was obtained between results of the direct assay and those measured after paper chromatography (r = 0.99, P less than 0.001). The coefficients of variation for intra-assay and inter-assay determinations of samples from normal and high plasma pools were 4.6-6.2% and 6.4-8.2% respectively. The minimum limit of detection was 5 pg/assay tube (0.1 ng/ml). The assay has been applied to assess plasma corticosterone levels in various physiopathological and pathophysiological studies. It is extremely practical to the extent that a single technician can assay up to 1000 samples in a working week. Finally, the direct assay has been validated and employed for in vitro adrenal superfusion studies using either rat or human adrenal cells. The large numbers of samples produced by these studies would have exceeded the capacity of earlier radioimmunoassays requiring initial extraction and chromatography. PMID- 7222148 TI - Synthesis of biological precursors of cholic acid II. AB - This paper describes the partial syntheses of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-al, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 26-trihydroxy-5 beta cholestan-3-one and 7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxo-5 beta-cholestan-26-al via Ag2CO3/Celite oxidation of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 26 tetrol. These bile alcohols were resolved by analytical and preparative TLC, characterized by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. These compounds will be useful to delineate further the mechanism of oxidation of 5 beta cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 25-tetrol on the pathway to cholic acid. PMID- 7222149 TI - p-Toluenesulfonic acid/methanol: mild reagent for the preparation of bile acid methyl esters. AB - An improved method for the preparation of bile acid methyl esters is described. This is achieved by the addition of catalytic amounts of p-toluenesulfonic acid in a solution of bile acid in methanol. Advantages of this procedure over conventional methods include (1) use of a mild solid acid catalyst which prevents the formation of undesirable byproducts, (2) isolation of a solid product of high purity and (3) utilization of a relatively safe reagent in comparison to other methods involving diazomethane, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. PMID- 7222150 TI - Neck manipulation as a cause of stroke. PMID- 7222151 TI - Enovid-induced exacerbation of high blood pressure in stroke-prone rats (SHR). AB - Male and female, normotensive Wistar:Kyoto rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and Stroke-prone SHR (SHR/SP) with severe hypertension were treated with a contraceptive drug (Enovid) from the time of weaning until they became 180 days old. Although the Envoid-treated SHR and SHR/SP had exacerbations of their high blood pressure, none of the animals developed renal or cerebral damage. Chronic treatment with Enovid caused testicular and ovarian atrophy and a significant increase in circulating corticosterone. It is suggested that the potentially deleterious effects, e.g., stroke, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, etc., of chronic treatment with contraceptive drugs is largely determined by pre existing genetically endowed proneness or resistance. PMID- 7222152 TI - Cerebral ischemia in gerbils: polyribosomal function during progression and recovery. AB - Cerebral ischemia was produced by clipping the right common carotid artery in Mongolian gerbils. Polyribosomal function in cerebral ischemia during progression and recovery was studied by investigation of morphology (electronmicroscopy), physical property (size distribution profiles) and biochemical property (polypeptide synthesis). Polyribosomes and their function were relatively well preserved during progression of ischemia. The most striking finding was an extensive disaggregation of polyribosomes and suppression of polypeptide synthesis immediately after re-establishment of cerebral circulation. These phenomena occurred not only with irreversible ischemia at 3 h but also with reversible ischemia at 30 min. In the latter, disaggregation of polyribosomes gradually recovered, but no tendency for recovery was observed after an ischemic period of 3 h. The disaggregation and delay in reaggregation of ribosomes after re-establishment of cerebral circulation may be a significant factor in the irreversibility of cerebral ischemia. The observed deterioration of cellular function during the recovery process may have an important implication not only for medical management of stroke but also for surgical recirculation during acute stroke. PMID- 7222153 TI - Vertebrobasilar disease. Time for a new strategy. PMID- 7222154 TI - Abrupt change in head position and cerebral infarction. AB - Eight patients are described who developed infarctions in the vertebral-basilar artery distribution following chiropractic neck manipulation or spontaneous head turning. The angiographic and autopsy findings indicate that injury to the intima of the vertebral artery at the atlantoaxial joint forms a nidus for thrombus formation which may propogate or embolize to involve other vessels in the vertebral-basilar system and result in progressive brainstem infarction. The role of anticoagulation in these patients is discussed. PMID- 7222155 TI - A computerized technique for the display and comparison of regional cerebral blood flow data. AB - A technique is described by which the sizes, shape and orientation of the brain with respect to detector positioning can be reproduced by computerized simulation. Head size is estimated from the distance between the external acoustic meatus (EAM) and the outer canthus and head shape is determined from the length and height of the skull. These values are used to magnify and alter the shape of a standard brain outline to comply with individual patient measurements. The location of the EAM and nasion are used to establish the displacement and rotation of the orbito-meatal base line with respect to the detector holding assembly. The corrected brain outline is then rotated, centered and displayed superimposed on the regional flow data. Comparison of flow data from 2 studies is accomplished by mapping each probe location onto the standard brain and projecting these brain coordinates onto the second study. Flow data from the nearest detectors are averaged to obtain the interpolated flow value for that brain region. This method corrects for differences in head size and shape between patients and for changes in head positioning and rotation between studies. Computer simulation studies demonstrated that this correction procedure can significantly reduce the variance of flow measurements for expected ranges of head size and orientation. PMID- 7222156 TI - Limitations of quantitative oculoplethysmography and of directional Doppler ultrasonography in cerebrovascular diagnosis: assessment of an air-filled OPG system. AB - 500 consecutive patients were evaluated for extracranial disease of the internal carotid arteries by an automated, air-filled, digital oculoplethysmographic system (OPG) of the Kartchner type (Zira) and by supraorbital (SO) and supratrochlear (ST) directional Doppler ultrasonography. Cerebral arteriograms were performed in 58 patients (110 vessels), and OPG timing criteria for detecting hemodynamically significant carotid artery stenosis (60% or greater diameter reduction) were ascertained. Optimal criteria were a delay of one ocular pulse, relative to the other, of greater than 12 msec; and a delay of an ocular pulse, relative to the earlier ear (external carotid) pulse, of greater than 36 msec. These criteria correctly identified 73% of vessels with 0 to 59% stenosis and 76% of vessels with 60 to 100% stenosis. However, in 26% of the vessels, OPG was either inconclusive or inaccurate. Correct diagnosis of bilateral hemodynamically significant carotid artery stenoses was made by OPG in 6 of 9 affected patients. SO Doppler was normal in 70% of vessels with 0-59% stenosis, and abnormal in 75% of vessels with 60-100% stenosis. Corresponding percentages for ST Doppler were 95% and 44%. Abnormal Doppler responses to compression of contralateral facial branches were predictive of intracranial cross collateralization in only 25% of patients. These results suggest that both quantitative OPG in its present form and directional Doppler studies have serious limitations as non-invasive diagnostic methods. PMID- 7222158 TI - Atraumatic CBF measurement with the scintillation camera. Comparison with intracarotid rCBF values. AB - A scintillation camera connected to a dedicated computer system was employed for atraumatic CBF measurements in 43 patients after intravenous injection of 35 to 55 mCi 133Xe in saline solution. To validate this method results were compared to flow values in the same patients measured after intracarotid Xe injection. While the correlation between i.c. and i.v. values was not satisfactory when a high resolution collimator was used, a high sensitivity collimator improved count rates and yielded CBF values after i.v. in agreement with those from i.c. studies. For mean hemispheric flow, the correlation coefficient between the methods was 0.93 and the standard deviation of the i.v. value for a given i.c. value was 2.93. The correlation coefficients for 13 regions were between 0.55 and 0.85. These correlation coefficients are comparable to those obtained with multidetector equipment. Ischemic regions could be accurately detected, and the flow values in these areas were significantly related (r = 0.81). Values in 6 healthy volunteers were in the normal range reported by other investigators. One disadvantage of the camera is that measurements are restricted to one hemisphere, but selection of recording areas is not limited to the position of single probes and may be changed during analysis of the data permitting analysis of flow in irregularly-shaped, pathologically-perfused regions. The results indicate that the scintillation camera is a useful tool for clinical rCBF studies. PMID- 7222159 TI - Clinical phenomena and their correlation to angiographic findings in cerebrovascular disease. AB - Seventy-one patients who had cerebral angiography because of clinical evidence of focal ischemic cerebrovascular disease were studied. Seventy-seven per cent of these patients had an arterial lesion in the distribution appropriate to the symptoms. However, the degree of dissemination of the atherosclerotic lesions, lesion morphology and severity of stenosis could not be predicted from the clinical manifestations. The presence of atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease can usually be predicted by analysis of the symptoms and signs, but the nature and extent of the lesions can only be determined using cerebral angiography. PMID- 7222157 TI - Ischemic edema in stroke. A parallel study with computed tomography and cerebrospinal fluid markers of disturbed brain cell metabolism. AB - Thirteen patients with stroke and one with TIA had repeated examinations with computed tomography (CT) of the head, examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for adenylate kinase, glutathione, lactate, and albumin and clinical evaluations during the first fortnight after onset. In 9 patients with cerebral infarction edema shown on the CT scans was maximal on days 2--5, after which it diminished. In 2 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage the edema appeared early as a zone of low-attenuation around the high-attenuation area. Most patients with large lesions deteriorated clinically during development of the edema. In 3 patients the CT scans were inconclusive, probably because the lesion was too small. Adenylate kinase activity was present in all CSF samples during the period 6 hours-5 days, while glutathione was occasionally present in the CSF in 12 of the 14 patients. These findings are believed to indicate cell swelling and a leak in the plasma membrane. Based on these observations, it is suggested that initial ischemic edema is intracellular in patients with cerebral infarction, and that adenylate kinase in CSF is a sensitive marker for this type of edema. PMID- 7222161 TI - Traumatic dissection of the internal carotid artery treated by ECIC anastomosis. AB - A patient with traumatic dissection of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) was treated by extracranial-intracranial (ECIC) anastomosis. Anastomosis was performed because the near total occlusion of the left ICA was associated with a cerebral transient ischemic attack. At surgery, an embolus was found in a cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery and was removed at the time of the ECIC. Traumatic dissection of the ICA is briefly reviewed. PMID- 7222160 TI - Total cerebral ischemia: application of a new model system to studies of cerebral microcirculation. AB - Reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) following global ischemia has been implicated as a pathogenetic mechanism in progressive brain damage seen after restoration of effective cardiac action and cerebral perfusion pressure. There are serious limitations to many of the techniques for measuring regional cerebral blood flow, particularly during low flow states. In 15 dogs anesthetized with thiopental, 12 minutes of total cerebral ischemia (TCI) was produced using a double balloon occlusion technique. Total and regional cerebral blood flows were sequentially measured before and after balloon release by left ventricular injection of 15 mu microspheres labelled with 5 different radionuclides. Total CBF was reduced 53 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM) from pre-ischemic values between 1 and 3 hours after "resuscitation" despite normal perfusion pressure and arterial blood gases. CBF remained slightly reduced (24 +/- 7%) at 6 hours post-ischemia. Thirty minutes after balloon release, grey matter flow was reduced 38 +/- 8% from control values while adjacent white matter flow was increased 21 +/- 10%. However, by 1 hour after ischemia, grey and white matter flows were both reduced (60 +/- 3%, 41 +/- 5% respectively). Similar differences in brain stem and cerebellar flow were also observed. The majority (71-86%) of the reduction in total CBF seen at one hour post-TCI is due to increased cerebrovascular resistance, with 14-29% of the decrease related to arteriovenous shunting. PMID- 7222162 TI - Chronic common carotid occlusion. AB - Twelve patients with chronic common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion were studied. There were 8 patients with TIAs (3 hemispheric and 5 vertebral-basilar), one with a completed stroke, and 3 were asymptomatic. The ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) was confirmed patent in 6 patients at the time of operation, although angiograms had demonstrated patency in only two. The ipsilateral external carotid artery (ECA) was patent in all but one patient. Arterial reconstructions were done on 7 patients. The carotid bifurcation was revascularized by subclavian-to-carotid bypass grafts in 5 patients, 3 with vertebral-basilar (V-B) TIAs, one with hemispheric TIAs, and one with a completed stroke. Vertebral revascularization was done on 2 patients, one with V-B TIAs and one who was asymptomatic. All revascularized patients had satisfactory results. Symptomatic patients can be treated by cerebral revascularization through either the ICA, if patent, the ECA via the ophthalmic collaterals, or through the vertebrals when hypoperfused. The ICA is preferentially revascularized and exploration often reveals a patent ICA that was not visualized angiographically. Recently, directional Doppler studies have proved useful in determining ICA patency. PMID- 7222163 TI - The National Survey of Stroke. National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. PMID- 7222164 TI - The National Survey of Stroke. Clinical findings. PMID- 7222165 TI - The National Survey of Stroke. Introduction. PMID- 7222167 TI - The National Survey of Stroke. Survival and prevalence. AB - Based on five years of data, 1971-1976, age- and type-specific survival rates were calculated. These rates, in addition to the incidence rates reported in chapter 4, became the basis for generating estimates of prevalence. The results corroborated many of the hypotheses about stroke survival and prevalence. Briefly, the results from the National Survey of Stroke indicate the following: 1. Survival after an initial attack is a function of both age and type of stroke. Younger patients survive longer than do older patients, and infarction patients survive longer than do hemorrhagic stroke patients; 2. Regardless of type of stroke or age at first stroke, there is a period of high mortality for the first 30 days, followed by a fluctuating mortality for the next 150 days, and a constant mortality thereafter for the next four and one-half years; and 3. The prevalence of acute stroke was approximately 1.7 million, a rate of 794 per 100,000 population, as of July 1, 1976. Approximately 75 percent of the prevalence cases represent individuals between the ages of 55 and 84 years, and the age-specific rates show a marked increase with advancing age. PMID- 7222166 TI - The National Survey of Stroke. Incidence. AB - The following estimates were made, based on data from The National Survey of Stroke: 1. About 297,000 persons were hospitalized annually for an initial stroke in the conterminous U.S. during the two-year baseline period 1975-76, an annual incidence rate of 140.7 per 100,000 population; 2. Incidence rates of initial strokes escalate rapidly with advancing age. Between the ages of 45 to 85, the average rates of increase in age-specific rates doubles from one 10-year age group to the next; and 3. Among persons over 45, the age-specific incidence rates are markedly higher for men than for women. After adjusting the crude incidence rates for men and women due to differences in their age composition, the average risk of an initial stroke is about 44 percent higher for men than for women. However, this statistic primarily represents the fact that males have a 60 percent higher age-adjusted incidence rate than do females for infarction strokes; whereas, the age-adjusted incidence rate for hemorrhagic strokes is 53 percent higher for females than for males. PMID- 7222168 TI - The National Survey of Stroke. Economic impact. AB - The estimated economic costs of stroke in 1976 amounted to $7,363,784,000 (based on a 6 percent gross, or 4 percent net, discount rate). Almost half were direct costs, the majority of these were related to inpatient hospital and nursing facility care. Only about six percent of the total were morbidity costs, and the remaining fifty percent consisted of mortality costs, stated in terms of the present value of future earnings. Direct costs include charges by short-term hospitals, extended care facilities, physicians and other medical and allied health personnel, and the costs of aids and appliances. Indirect costs include both morbidity and mortality costs. These costs are distributed as follows. [Formula: see text]. PMID- 7222170 TI - The National Survey of Stroke. Survey evaluation. PMID- 7222169 TI - The National Survey of Stroke. Study design and methodology. PMID- 7222171 TI - The Calabar Rural Maternal and Child Health/Family Planning Project. PMID- 7222172 TI - Health consequences of induced abortion in rural Northeast Thailand. PMID- 7222174 TI - The importance of request and report forms in the interpretation of therapeutic drug monitoring data. AB - The interpretation of therapeutic drug monitoring data depends not only on the measurements themselves but also on additional data collected on the request forms and the manner in which the results are displayed on the report forms. A study was conducted to learn how presently used request/report forms affect the interpretation of therapeutic drug level measurements. Letters were sent to 232 directors of laboratory services requesting them to forward examples of forms that they use in therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicology. Replies were received from 77 directors of whom 53 enclosed examples of their therapeutic drug monitoring request/report forms. The characteristics of the 53 request/report forms were analyzed, and the results indicate that request/report forms are not optimally configured to facilitate effective therapeutic drug monitoring. Many request forms are not designed to allow entry of even the most basic data essential to the interpretation of therapeutic drug level measurements. Many report forms do little more than provide a drug level measurement and a therapeutic range. Improved request/report forms, as well as systems to ensure their proper use through adequate numbers of qualified personnel are necessary. Data/word processing computers should prove helpful. PMID- 7222173 TI - Traditional childbirth practices: implications for a rural MCH program. PMID- 7222175 TI - Two reasons for unusual therapeutic drug monitoring results in hospitalized patients. AB - In programs where therapeutic drug monitoring is accompanied by interpretation of the data, unusual and unanticipated values may mean more than just a laboratory error. Many times such spurious results will be due to unusual circumstances that result in the drug never reaching the bloodstream. In 3 case reports, we show that purposeful inhospital noncompliance and failure to recognize simple drug absorption interactions can be added to the evergrowing list of factors influencing serum concentrations of therapeutic agents. PMID- 7222176 TI - Theophylline hemodialysis clearance. AB - The hemodialysis clearance, total body clearance off dialysis, and protein binding for theophylline were determined in a 64-year-old cigarette-smoking male in acute renal failure. The hemodialysis clearance of 39.4 ml/kg/hr was comparable to two other reports and indicated that theophylline was significantly hemodialyzed. The total body clearance of 52.4 ml/kg/hr was similar to that observed in non-renal-failure smoking patients and suggested that renal failure did not appreciably affect the total body clearance in the patient. The plasma protein binding was 40% before dialysis and 33% after dialysis. This finding implied that renal failure and hemodialysis may alter protein binding compared to that in normal adults. Theophylline plasma levels should be monitored in renal failure patients because the drug is hemodialyzed. Decreased plasma protein binding may indicate the need for a lower therapeutic range in this patient population. PMID- 7222177 TI - Quality control in therapeutic drug monitoring: intralaboratory precision and medical requirements. AB - Formal quality control procedures have become a part of the clinical laboratory. Application of these procedures to therapeutic drug monitoring, which has been introduced into the clinical laboratory relatively recently, is incomplete. Most attention has been directed toward questions of accuracy and laboratory-to laboratory precision, particularly with respect to antiepileptic agents. Intralaboratory precision must be addressed first, since it is fundamental to accuracy and laboratory-to-laboratory variability and most patients are treated based on results generated by a single laboratory. Intralaboratory precision data were gathered from laboratories already offering therapeutic drug monitoring services. In addition, the intralaboratory precision demands of good medical management was gathered from physicians who use therapeutic drug monitoring services. For 20 specified drugs, most laboratories reported intralaboratory precision (relative standard deviations) of 10% or less. Managing physician responses demonstrated that most require precision of 10 to 15% or 20 to 25%. Individual laboratories should use these data as an indication of the level of intralaboratory precision that may be achieved and that is required. The state of the art of intralaboratory precision is acceptable relative to medical management, but may need improvement as it contributes to laboratory-to laboratory variability. PMID- 7222178 TI - Therapeutic monitoring of tricyclic antidepressants: quality-control considerations. AB - While the correlation between plasma levels of some tricyclic antidepressants and therapeutic efficacy is well documented and the value of tricyclic antidepressant plasma level measurements is reasonably well established, the sources of error in the collection and analysis of specimens are not generally known and understood. An outline of the factors affecting the interpretation and utilization of plasma level measurements and the procedures needed to insure the accuracy and precision of tricyclic antidepressant plasma level determinations is presented. Problems facing the clinical laboratory attempting to set up a quality-control program for its tricyclic antidepressant analyses are also discussed. PMID- 7222179 TI - Numerical integration simulation programs for the microcomputer. AB - Programs for use with the Apple II Plus microcomputer that generate graphic simulations of various linear and Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetic models are described. The programs numerically integrate sets of differential equations for appropriate pharmacokinetic models. Multiple oral (or intramuscular), intravenous bolus, or infusion doses (continuous or discontinuous) may be administered in any combination. Doses as well as pharmacokinetic parameters may be changed at the end of each simulated dosing interval. The programs can be easily modified by users familiar with the BASIC programming language and offer an economical approach to pharmacokinetic simulation. PMID- 7222180 TI - Analysis of pemoline in serum by high performance liquid chromatography: clinical application to optimize treatment of hyperactive children. AB - The analysis of pemoline (2-imino-5-phenyl-4-oxazolidine) by a rapid, sensitive, and specific high performance liquid chromatographic assay using ultraviolet detection is described. Only 100 microliters of plasma or serum is required. Analytical recoveries of 88% for pemoline and 93% for the internal standard (4 methylprimidone) are obtained by this procedure. Between-day precision studies of serum controls containing 10.2, 2.0, and 0.5 mg pemoline/liter produce coefficients of variation of 6.2, 9.4, and 16.2%, respectively. A clinical study of 28 children treated with pemoline demonstrated a linear relationship between drug dose and serum concentrations with an apparent therapeutic range falling between 1.7 and 7.0 mg/liter. These serum concentrations were achieved at drug dosages between 37.5 and 112.5 mg/day. PMID- 7222181 TI - Removal of cimetidine by peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and charcoal hemoperfusion. AB - Dialysis clearance of cimetidine in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion was compared in stable and seriously ill patients. Two methods of determining dialysis clearance were employed, one of which was the method employed for cimetidine previously in the literature. Cimetidine clearance was lowest for peritoneal dialysis (5 ml/min), intermediate for hemodialysis (28 ml/min), and greatest for hemoperfusion (85 ml/min). Using both methods to calculate dialysis clearance, we found that cimetidine clearance during dialysis has been overestimated. In addition, pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that peritoneal and hemodialysis apparently removed cimetidine from the central compartment only, whereas hemoperfusion apparently removed drug from the peripheral compartment as well. A possible mechanism to explain this difference is based on the observation that hemodynamic changes occur during hemodialysis that may not be seen during hemoperfusion. No dosage adjustment need be made when patients receiving cimetidine undergo any form of dialysis; hemoperfusion may be of some benefit in removing drug from the central as well as tissue compartments in an acute overdose situation. PMID- 7222183 TI - GLC analysis of carbamazepine. PMID- 7222182 TI - Simple and specific high performance liquid chromatographic method for the routine monitoring of clonazepam in plasma. AB - A simple, specific, and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of clonazepam in plasma is described. The drug was extracted with chloroform at an alkaline pH using flunitrazepam as internal standard. The HPLC analysis was performed using a column packed with Spherisorb C6 reverse phase, the mobile phase being a solution of acetonitrile sodium acetate 0.1 M (40/60, v/v); the ultraviolet detector was set at 306 nm. The calibration curve was linear for plasma concentrations between 2 and 200 ng/ml-1 when 1 ml of sample was analyzed. Diazepam, its metabolites, and the most common antiepileptics did not interfere with the analysis. The coefficient of variation at the lowest concentration was 14%. With this method, clonazepam can also be used as internal standard for the determination of flunitrazepam. The performance of the column was still satisfactory after the analysis of more than 500 plasma samples. PMID- 7222184 TI - Preliminary observations of the significance of monitoring tricyclic antidepressant plasma levels in the pediatric patient. AB - Plasma concentrations of clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine were monitored together with clinical effects over a period of 1--9 months in children and young adolescents (5--19 years of age) receiving clomipramine because of depressive features or enuresis. Data indicate that in the child, clomipramine is rapidly absorbed while its disposition rate is age dependent, as indicated by the significantly lower level:dose ratio (p less than 0.01) observed in the younger groups (5--10; 10--15 years). The incidence of side effects was clearly related to clomipramine plasma concentrations, whereas no relationship could be observed for the desmethyl metabolite. In the case of enuresis, a therapeutic effect was observed at clomipramine concentrations of 20--60 ng/ml, while lower or higher levels were associated with lack of therapeutic effect or adverse effects. No relationship was found between oral daily doses and clomipramine or desmethylclomipramine plasma concentrations. The data point to the usefulness of monitoring drug plasma levels in children undergoing treatment with tricyclic antidepressive drugs. PMID- 7222185 TI - Carbamazepine plasma levels in children and adults: influence of age, dose, and associated therapy. PMID- 7222187 TI - Quantitation of a bisacodyl metabolite in urine for the diagnosis of laxative abuse. AB - A 2 year history of severe diarrhea, tiredness, and weight loss in a female patient could not be diagnosed satisfactorily despite repeated and extensive clinical investigations of various kinds. The final diagnosis of laxative abuse was arrived at after identification and quantitation of a bisacodyl metabolite in the urine from the patient. The metabolite was bisacodyl disphenol. The analytical method developed was based on liquid chromatographic determination after hydrolysis of the conjugated metabolite of bisacodyl and selective isolation from the urine. The precision of the method was 5% at the 2.3 microgram/ml level (n = 9) of bisacodyl diphenol, and the absolute recovery was estimated at 80%. The method allowed detection of 0.5 migrogram/ml of the metabolite in urine. After a single dose (10 mg) of bisacodyl to volunteers, urinary concentrations of the metabolite in the range of 1--5 microgram/ml were found. The bisacodyl diphenol recovered in the urine corresponded to 20--30% of the original dose. The urinary concentration of the diphenol derivative in the patient was estimated at 17 microgram/ml. PMID- 7222186 TI - A method for the bedside application of first-order pharmacokinetics in therapeutic management. AB - First-order pharmacokinetics have been shown to be useful in individualizing therapy for many drugs. The application and interpretation of such analyses require complex mathematical manipulations, however, and therefore kinetics are seldom used by clinicians in the management of individual patients. This report describes a practical method based on the use of a conventional, hand-held programmable calculator to derive first-order kinetic constants from serum drug level data obtained after intermittent intravenous doses of the agent and explains how to apply these data to design more optimal dosage regimens. This method will allow professionals involved in therapeutic drug monitoring to (a) apply pharmacokinetics to individualize drug therapy in selected patients and (b) conveniently test the wider applicability of first-order pharmacokinetics in drug monitoring. PMID- 7222188 TI - Chloramphenicol hemodialysis clearance. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dialysis clearance and plasma protein binding of chloramphenicol in a chronic renal failure patient and an acute renal/hepatic failure patient undergoing hemodialysis. Predialysis, dialysis and postdialysis plasma samples were collected and analyzed. Plasma chloramphenicol levels declined slowly during hemodialysis with measured dialysis clearance rates of 21.2 ml/min (patient C.W.) and 24.2 ml/min (patient S.T.). The protein binding of chloramphenicol, determined before and 30 min after hemodialysis, was 40 and 25% (patient C.W.) and 44 and 35% (patient S.T.), respectively. The extent to which hemodialysis removes chloramphenicol from the plasma does not appear significant enough to warrant routine dosage adjustment. The clinical significance of protein binding alterations is discussed. PMID- 7222189 TI - Increased clearance of phenytoin as the presenting feature of infectious mononucleosis. AB - A 19-year-old man with posttraumatic seizures under good control with phenytoin, 500 mg/day, presented with three seizures. His blood level of phenytoin, previously in a therapeutic range, was 4.2 microgram/ml. No systemic or laboratory evidence of infectious mononucleosis was found. Ten days later, the blood picture became compatible with infectious mononucleosis, at which time his phenytoin clearance returned to normal. PMID- 7222191 TI - Measurement and pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid by a novel high performance liquid chromatographic assay. AB - Plasma acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid are assayed by a specific, rapid, and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic procedure. The plasma samples are treated with physostigmine to inhibit esterase activity that otherwise will promote enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid to salicylic acid. Conditions are chosen such that the total in vitro hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid is minimized to less than 5%. Plasma samples are deproteinated with methylcyanide. Acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid are separated by elution with a mixture of methanol, acetic acid, and water on a reversed-phase octadecyl silane column and detected by ultraviolet absorption. Quantitation is achieved by measuring absolute peak heights. Recovery and repeatability studies are good. No interference was observed when 50 drugs were also present in the various plasma samples. Concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid can be obtained within 20 min of receipt of the blood specimens. Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained by this method after a single oral dose of 900 mg soluble, effervescent acetylsalicylic acid in normal healthy subjects suggest that absorption, distribution, and elimination of acetylsalicylic acid are rapidly occurring events. PMID- 7222190 TI - Hospital acquired gram-negative pneumonias: response rate and dosage requirements with individualized tobramycin therapy. AB - Individualized tobramycin therapy was systemically evaluated in 26 patients with gram-negative pneumonias involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other multiple antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Patient prognoses were classified by underlying diseases, and response was determined according to previously established criteria. Twenty-three patients (88%), including all 11 cases involving multiple antibiotic-resistant pathogens and 12 of 15 cases involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa, successfully responded to individualized tobramycin therapy. Tobramycin daily dosages and pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated a wide interpatient variability. Measured peak and trough serum concentrations resulting from individualized dosage regimens closely matched desired peak and trough concentrations. Clinical ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity were not observed. Individualizing dosage regimens was an important factor in obtaining therapeutic serum concentrations that may influence treatment response to tobramycin therapy. PMID- 7222192 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic assay of dexamethasone in plasma and tissue. AB - Dexamethasone in plasma and in tissue is specifically quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography (ultraviolet detection at 254 nm) with an octadecyl silane reversed-phase chromatographic column employing peak-height ratio determination (internal standard, cyheptamide). The sample is first washed with heptane under alkaline conditions. The dexamethasone is then extracted from the washed sample with dichloromethane containing the internal standard. Dichloromethane is evaporated to dryness, and the concentrated extract is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and then injected into a high performance liquid chromatograph. Dexamethasone and internal standard are eluted with a mixture of acetic acid, methanol, butanol, and water (11/19/30/440 by volume). Sensitivity limit is 10 ng, with linear response to at least 1.000 mg/liter plasma. Analytical recovery of dexamethasone from plasma is almost complete, and approximately 87% dexamethasone is recovered from brain tissue. Intra-assay precision (CV) is 1.07% (N = 11), and interassay precision is 1.38% (N = 5). No interference occurred in plasmas from patients treated with various drugs other than dexamethasone. Dexamethasone was estimated in plasma and in tumor tissue from patients on dexamethasone therapy. PMID- 7222193 TI - Integrated method for the gas chromatographic determination of antiepileptic drugs in human plasma. AB - The principles of three independent extraction methods were utilized to develop an integrated extraction scheme for use in routine therapeutic monitoring of seven antiepileptic agents. The final method, in which the three extraction methods were interfaced, permitted routine monitoring in a single 1 ml volume of human plasma of any one or combination of the following drugs: phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), primidone (PD), 5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin (EPH), ethosuximide (ES), carbamazepine (CBZ), and valproic acid (VPA). An on-column methylation technique was used for simultaneous determination of PHT, PB, PD, EPH, and ES. CBZ and VPA were determined by independent methods as the underivatized compounds. Six appropriate internal standards were employed in the integrated method for quantitation of the drugs. PMID- 7222194 TI - Measurement of verapamil concentrations in plasma by gas chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - This study was carried out to compare gas chromatography (GC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedures in the measurement of plasma levels of verapamil. Other analytic methods previously reported are not widely available (mass fragmentography) or are subject to interference from drug metabolites (spectrophotofluorometry). A single extraction and derivatization procedure was developed to prepare samples for either GC or HPLC analysis. The GC procedure used a nitrogen-specific detector; the HPLC, a fluorescence detector. In a 1--500 ng/ml range of verapamil concentrations, both methods resulted in good separation of verapamil from a major metabolite, norverapamil, and from compound D517, used as an internal standard. Intraassay variation was similar for both procedures, with only slightly higher interassay variability found for the GC technique. Excellent correlation was found during analysis of the same unknown samples by both methods (r = 0.97; p less than 0.001). Either assay procedure appears satisfactory for use in measurement of verapamil levels in plasma. PMID- 7222195 TI - A rapid high performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the analysis of cloxacillin and/or nafcillin in serum. AB - A rapid, reliable procedure for the analysis of cloxacillin and/or nafcillin in 100 microliter of serum or plasma is described. Percentage analytical recovery of cloxacillin, nafcillin, and internal standard (5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5 phenylhydantoin) were 94, 91, and 85%, respectively. The between-day precision of the method at cloxacillin concentrations of 2, 8, and 20 mg/liter was 14.7, 11.6, and 10.3%, respectively. At identical serum concentrations, the values obtained for nafcillin were 15.3, 12.4, and 12.2%, respectively. The method will be used to study the pharmacokinetics of both drugs in patients with cystic fibrosis who are on long-term therapy. Preliminary data providing the i.v. half-life, clearance, and volume of distribution are presented for two normal individuals. PMID- 7222196 TI - Ultrafree Anticonvulsant Drug Filters. PMID- 7222198 TI - Freezing in the primary polyvinylchloride plastic collection bag: a new system for preparing and freezing nonrejuvenated and rejuvenated red blood cells. AB - Red blood cells were stored at 4 C in the primary bag with an integrally attached empty transfer pack so that the red blood cells could be rejuvenated or not, as desired before glycerolization and freezing. The rejuvenation and glycerol solutions were added through ports in the system. After glycerolization, the red blood cells were concentrated by centrifugation to remove the supernatant glycerol before freezing with 40% w/v glycerol in the primary polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic container at -80 C. After thawing, the red blood cells were washed using either the Haemonetics Blood Processor 115 or the IBM Blood Processor 2991 1 or 2991-2. In each system, 50 ml of 12% sodium chloride and 1.5 to 1.6 liters of 0.9% sodium chloride-0.2% glucose-25 meq/l disodium phosphate were used. Recovery of red blood cells in vitro was 91 per cent. After three days of postwash storage at 4 C, nonrejuvenated red blood cells had a mean 24-hour posttransfusion survival of 88 per cent, and outdated-rejuvenated red blood cells a value of 81 per cent. This new system is simpler and safer than methods previously used in this laboratory, and red blood cell recovery and 24-hour posttransfusion survivals were comparable or better. PMID- 7222197 TI - Some properties of blood stored in anticoagulant CPDA-1 solution. A brief summary. AB - Approval of the new anticoagulant preservative, CPDA-1, was based in part on data from human clinical trials of CPDA-1 performed by six cooperating laboratories and two blood bag manufacturers. Biochemical and red blood cell survival properties of 123 units of blood stored for 28 to 35 days in CPDA-1 (as reported by cooperating laboratories) are briefly summarized. PMID- 7222201 TI - The rapid identification of Chido and Rodgers antibodies using C4d-coated red blood cells. AB - A simple method for the recognition of anti-Ch and anti-Rg, using red blood cells coated in vitro with C4d, is described. Of 58 anti-Ch and 20 anti-Rg sera studied, all caused direct agglutination of C4d-coated red blood cells in tests incubated at room temperature. Moreover, selected sera were shown to react strongly (3+ to 4+) with C4d-coated red blood cells when tested by the indirect antiglobulin test without prior incubation at 37 C. Sera containing other high titer, low avidity (HTLA) antibodies were either nonreactive with C4d-coated red blood cells, or reacted to the same degree with "non-C4d-coated" trypsin-treated red blood cells. Similar findings were obtained in tests with non-HTLA antibodies of assorted specificities, including a variety of alloantibodies to high incidence red blood cell antigens. These findings indicate that the use of C4d coated red blood cells in investigative immunohematology may aid in the rapid identification of Ch and Rg antibodies. PMID- 7222200 TI - Clinical and laboratory findings on two patients with naturally occurring anti Kell agglutinins. AB - Two patients with naturally occurring anti-K agglutinins are reported. Both patients manifested clinical symptoms associated with septicemia. Transfusion of one patient with K-positive blood did not result in hemolytic complications, further stimulation of the anti-K agglutinin or any change in its immunoglobulin nature. PMID- 7222202 TI - Red cell membrane protein changes caused by freezing and the mechanism of cryoprotection by glycerol. AB - Membranes isolated from frozen-thawed erythrocytes and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate have significantly decreased band six, which is the glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The total membrane protein and sialic acid contents of these membranes are also significantly decreased. The red blood cell membrane protein abnormality is reproduced by suspending membranes in NaCl solutions of increasing molarity. Glycerol prevents the elution of band six in NaCl solutions less than 0.2 M and ameliorates it in solutions of higher ionic strength. When intact cells are suspended in hypertonic salt solution, there is no elution of band six, indicating that exposure of the inner surface of the membrane to toxic concentrations of solutes results in this elution. The data indicate that freezing with its associated hypertonicity induces a specific membrane change which is ameliorated by the addition of glycerol. PMID- 7222203 TI - Production of allo-anti-Ena by an individual whose red blood cells carry some Ena antigen. AB - We recently described an individual whose red blood cells appear to carry a hybrid MNSs sialoglycoprotein (SGP). The MN-derived portion of that SGP carries at least two determinants defined by some examples of antibodies that have been called anti-Ena. However, the red blood cells lack a different determinant that is defined by other examples of anti-Ena. This individual has now formed an anti Ena antibody that reacts with the portion of Ena that her red blood cells lack, but not with the Ena determinants that have been shown to be carried on MN SGP. It is not yet clear whether the portion of Ena that her red blood cells lack and that her antibody defines is MN SGP-borne. The findings in this case provide further support for our conclusions that the terms "Ena" and "anti-Ena," as previously used, describe heterogeneous groups of antigens and antibodies. PMID- 7222204 TI - Blood preservation 35. Red cell 2,3-DPG and ATP maintained by DHA-ascorbate phosphate. AB - DHA (dihydroxyacetone, 60 mM) with ascorbic acid (d-ascorbate, 10 mM) kept 2,3 DPG concentrations above normal for six weeks. Levels of 2,3-DPG were below normal after four weeks with DHA alone and after two weeks with DHA-ascorbate phosphate. As in previous studies, high phosphate concentrations decreased 2,3 DPG maintenance. ATP maintenance was best achieved with the following (in order of performance): DHA-phosphate (20 mM); DHA-phosphate (10 mM); the control, CPD adenine preservative; Phosphate 20 mM; and DHA. DHA with ascorbate provides normal 2,3-DPG for six weeks. The adverse effects of DHA and DHA with ascorbate on ATP levels are modified by 10 mM phosphate. PMID- 7222199 TI - Effect of heat on the conversion of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate to mono-2 ethylhexyl phthalate in human plasma. AB - Plasma di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which accumulates during blood storage in plastic bags, gives rise to plasma mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP). This also in plasma samples awaiting analysis, which are no longer stored in plastic bags. Heating plasma samples at 60 C for 25 to 30 minutes in a water bath effectively halts conversion of DEHP to MEHP during subsequent room temperature storage for at least 100 hours. This result is consistent with the view that MEHP accumulation in plasma is due to enzymatic hydrolysis of DEHP by esterase (s) which can be heat-inactivated. PMID- 7222205 TI - An unusual inhibition of an anti-P1. AB - Tests for unexpected antibodies using commercially prepared red blood cells demonstrated no agglutination even though crossmatching and testing with saline washed commercially prepared reagent red blood cells identified an anti-P1. This antibody was inhibited when tested with red blood cells suspended in a modified Alsever's solution and several commercially prepared reagent red blood cell diluents. The inhibitory substance was identified as inosine. Hypoxanthine, adenine, and thymine also inhibited the anti-P1. Partial inhibition was produced by uracil, 5-methylcytosine, and xanthine. No other example of anti-P1 has been found to exhibit this unusual inhibiting characteristic. PMID- 7222206 TI - Leukocyte-poor red cells and transfusion reactions. PMID- 7222207 TI - An unusual hemagglutinin. PMID- 7222209 TI - Positive serologic test for syphilis in West Indies. PMID- 7222208 TI - Therapeutic thrombocytapheresis in a case of thrombocytosis. PMID- 7222210 TI - Hemolytic disease of the newborn with anti-U. PMID- 7222211 TI - Brain death laws and patterns of consent to remove organs for transplantation from cadavers in the United States and 28 other countries. PMID- 7222212 TI - Functional and biochemical characteristics of human "null" lymphoid cells. AB - Human peripheral null cells (non-T and non-B lymphocytes) were isolated by removing B lymphocytes and monocytes on nylon-wool columns and by E rosette forming cells depletion. The null cell population contained less than 1% of SIg bearing cells, cells with complement receptors (EAC+), and E mouse rosette forming cells, but was contaminated by about 5% of T lymphocytes and 10% of monocytes. High affinity Fc receptors were present on 12% of the null cells. No intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins (CIgs) were detected by immunofluorescence. Culture of these null cells for 2 to 6 days did not modify their surface receptors. Null cells were not stimulated to undergo blastogenesis by the following mitogenic agents: concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), lentil lectin, wheat germ agglutinin, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), peanut agglutinin, and neuraminidase-galactose oxidase. PWM did not induce the transformation of null cells into B lymphocytes and no SIg, CIg, and production of Ig were detected by immunofluorescence and by measuring the incorporation of 3H-leucine. However the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of these null cells was very active compared to unpurified lymphocytes. Analysis of the lectin-binding surface glycoproteins, after labeling of the cells, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), showed that the 27,000- to 33,000-dalton component (Ia-like antigen) present in large amounts on B lymphocytes and monocytes was absent in null cells. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that null cells consist of one or several populations different from the other lymphocytes and that they are not direct precursors or immature T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 7222214 TI - HLA and familial benign hematuria. PMID- 7222215 TI - Lymphocyte hybridomas. Current anticipated application in cancer and transplantation. PMID- 7222213 TI - Stimulation of cellular proliferation in the adult rat submandibular gland during acute graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 7222217 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human tumor antigens. PMID- 7222218 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to the envelope proteins of Moloney leukemia virus: characterization of recombinant viruses. PMID- 7222216 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human melanoma-associated antigens. PMID- 7222219 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to teratomas and breast. PMID- 7222220 TI - Idiotypic network: study with hybridoma technology. PMID- 7222222 TI - Problems and challenges in randomized trials: a commentary. PMID- 7222223 TI - Ethical considerations related to clinical trials: a European view. PMID- 7222221 TI - Use of hybridoma technology to assess the antibody repertoire to a negatively charged hapten. PMID- 7222225 TI - Principles and problems of clinical trials: a European view. PMID- 7222226 TI - Principles of clinical trials: US viewpoint. PMID- 7222224 TI - Ethical aspects of clinical trials: US viewpoint. PMID- 7222228 TI - Acupuncture analgesia and acuthesia--its economic aspect. PMID- 7222227 TI - A comparison of the biological effects of cryosurgery and boiling water on deep haemangiomas of the orofacial region. PMID- 7222230 TI - Tubal surgery in female infertility. PMID- 7222229 TI - Acute appendicitis, and urban disease in Africans. PMID- 7222231 TI - Some practical hints and management of convulsions occurring in infancy and children. PMID- 7222232 TI - Cough and fever in children. PMID- 7222234 TI - Medical assistants in the health care delivery system of Papua New Guinea. PMID- 7222233 TI - The effect of malnutrition on brain growth and intellectual development. PMID- 7222235 TI - Reorganization of health auxiliaries in India. PMID- 7222236 TI - Intestinal helminths in Nigeria. PMID- 7222238 TI - A pointing sign for localization in early pneumonia. AB - In a study of the first 48 hours of 500 consecutive cases of early pneumonia mostly complicating the influenzal syndrome in Benin City, Nigeria, radiological examination which shows opacities in 12--18 hours confirmed accurate localization in 50 per cent of cases localized by physical examination alone, and in 90 per cent of cases cross-checked by the pointing sign--asking the patient to cough hard and point to the side where pain is clearly felt. PMID- 7222237 TI - Onchocerciasis--chemotherapy: a risk-approach. PMID- 7222239 TI - Ulcerative colitis in Sri Lanka patients. PMID- 7222240 TI - pathogenic organisms in diarrhoeal stools in Thailand. PMID- 7222241 TI - Surgery in rural Tanzania. PMID- 7222242 TI - Rapid diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma (and other soft-tissue sarcomas). PMID- 7222243 TI - Pregnancy-induced hypertension in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 7222244 TI - Other health personnel in health educational activities in an under-fives clinic in Northern Nigeria. PMID- 7222245 TI - Ayurvedic medicine and primary health care. PMID- 7222246 TI - Community health workers and the need for training in communication skills. PMID- 7222247 TI - More on amoebic liver disease. PMID- 7222248 TI - A simple way of book-keeping on a rural health mission. PMID- 7222249 TI - Primary health care at the community level: the involvement of the doctor. PMID- 7222250 TI - [Serum ferritin - a component for the estimation of body iron stores]. PMID- 7222251 TI - [Digoxin-quinidine interactions]. PMID- 7222252 TI - [2 audiometric methods used in industrial health services. A comparative study]. PMID- 7222253 TI - [Liver and kidney function in stainless steel welders]. PMID- 7222255 TI - [Lithium dosage and age]. PMID- 7222254 TI - [Habitual tiptoe gait]. PMID- 7222256 TI - [Ball thrombosis in the left atrium without mitral stenosis. A case report with renal and hepatic infarcts]. PMID- 7222257 TI - [Primary torsion of the major omentum as a cause of acute abdomen]. PMID- 7222258 TI - [The Vancouver system. Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals]. PMID- 7222259 TI - [Mortality in small hospitals]. PMID- 7222260 TI - [Diazemuls. Diazepam in a new vehicle for parenteral use]. PMID- 7222261 TI - [Violence in the home. Cases reported to Odense Hospital]. PMID- 7222263 TI - Analysis of the error in measurement of ultrasound speed in tissue due to waveform deformation by frequency-dependent attenuation. AB - A systematic error exists in measurement of ultrasound speed in tissue with pulse methods. Frequency-dependent attenuation distorts the incident waveform as it passes through tissue causing an error in determination of speed when the time interval between fixed points on the incident and transmitted waveforms is measured. Two equations have been derived for a generalized pulse in a non dispersive medium that enable calculation of this error when the peaks of the waveforms or the zero-crossings are used as reference points in the speed measurement. The errors have been calculated for measurement of speed in muscle, liver and fat for path lengths of 5, 10, an 15 cm for two incident pulse shapes. In general, the magnitude of this error is small compared to the biological variation, but may be significant compared to experimental error. PMID- 7222262 TI - [Occupational diseases among employees on prolonged sick leave. Occurrence and distribution of diagnosis]. PMID- 7222264 TI - Non-invasive techniques for the recording of vertebral artery flow and their limitations. PMID- 7222265 TI - A Technique for imaging the vertebral artery using pulsed Doppler ultrasound. PMID- 7222267 TI - Prediction of nonlinear acoustic effects at biomedical frequencies and intensities. PMID- 7222266 TI - Ultrasonic treatment of tumors--II. Moderate hyperthermia. PMID- 7222269 TI - Ultrasonic characterization of aging in skin tissue. PMID- 7222268 TI - Demonstration of nonlinear acoustical effects at biomedical frequencies and intensities. PMID- 7222270 TI - Model studies of angular behaviour of acoustic backscatter. PMID- 7222271 TI - Echocardiographic abnormalities in recent myocardial infarction. PMID- 7222272 TI - Echocardiographic septal-free wall disproportion in myocardial infarction with prior systemic hypertension. PMID- 7222273 TI - [Biomechanical investigations about the transfer of axial load in different forms of plate-osteosynthesis (author's transl)]. AB - The anchorage of various internal fixation plates on bones was tested. The results showed significant differences depending on the type of plates and the number of screws. Normal round hole plates slipped at higher forces more often than dynamic-compression plates (DCP). DC-plates with a rough surface revealed a higher strength than the same plates with a smooth surface. The anchorage strength of the plate-bone connection does not increase proportionally to the number of screws. PMID- 7222274 TI - [Treatment of intertrochanteric fractures by Pohl's screw (author's transl)]. AB - The dynamic slide osteosynthesis of Pohl - a single acting method - is compared to other methods of operations. 103 patients with intertrochanteric fractures of the femur were treated by "Pohlsche Laschenschraube". The average age of patients was 76.7 years. The average stay in our hospital lasted 43 days. 16.5% of the patients died. 27 patients were examined two years after operation. The further study is based on clinical documents. PMID- 7222275 TI - [The connecting osteosynthesis and its problems in unstable pertrochanteric fractures of the femur (author's transl)]. AB - In unstable pertrochanteric fractures of the femur a high bending strain and much load lies on the medial part of the bone. The connecting osteosynthesis takes off this load and immediately guarantees a high stability. Clinical experiences with 44 cases of connecting osteosynthesis - among them 35 per-and subtrochanteric fractures of the femur-show, that in 11 cases complications due to the fractures occurred (breaking of the implant, pseudarthrosis etc.) These complications are probably due to a delayed healing caused by bone cement penetrating into the area of the fracture. It is recommended to use an autologous cancellous bone graft. Indications for the compound osteosynthesis are only unstable pertrochanteric fractures in old patients in poor general condition and a short life-expectancy, and fractures in patients with diffuse metastases. PMID- 7222276 TI - [Classification of fractures of the distal distal femur - late results of 31 supracondylar fractures of the femur treated by surgery (author transl)]. AB - At the 20th annual meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgeons in Innsbruck (1979) a new scheme of classification for fractures of the femur was established. The advantages of this scheme are outlined. Own experiences with 31 supra diacondylar fractures of the femur are reported; the late results after internal fixation are discussed. PMID- 7222277 TI - [Luxation of the ankle joint without fracture (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 3 cases of luxation in the ankle joint without fracture. It is supposed that this injury is much more frequent than generally assumed. The fundamental pathogenetics of these injuries are discussed. There was always immobilisation in a cast following operative treatment. In one case the talus was fixed additionally by a transarticular Kirschner-wire. Because of splitting, the common suture of a liagment is problematical. It is proposed to fix the ligament under a small screw. PMID- 7222278 TI - [Subluxatio supinatoria tali (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222279 TI - [The principle of causality in criminal, civil and social law (author's transl)]. AB - The different theories of causal connection in criminal law and civil law are pointed out; their meaning for expert opinions is explained by examples. The particularities of accident insurance, of social law and their importance for the expert opinion are described. PMID- 7222280 TI - [Immunization against tetanus - studies about the duration of protection (author's transl)]. AB - In spite of proper treatment tetanus carries a high mortality up to 75% and more Since 1927 an active immunization against tetanus is available; it prevents the disease. With a radioimmuno-assay antibodies in the blood, which are neutralizing the tetanus toxin, can be estimated accurately. In 92 healthy persons below 55 years, who had been vaccinated between two up to ten years previously, antibody titers sufficient to prevent the disease were found without any exemption. The increase of antibody-titers after active immunization in healthy persons is described; it depends on the basic titer. If in case of a preexisting high level of neutralizing antibodies an active immunization is performed, allergic reactions of Arthus- or tuberculine-type may occur. PMID- 7222281 TI - [Osteotomy with ultrasound - animal experiments (author's transl)]. AB - In animal experiments with minipigs the SARNS sternum saw and an ultrasonic saw were compared. Groups of five animals were sacrificed after three months and the sterna were examined radiologically and pathoanatomically. A positive hemostyptic effect of the ultrasonic saw, as described in the literature, could be confirmed. Contrary to data in the literature disturbances of bone healing and the extent of tissue lesions in the form of necrosis were considerably more common in the sterna separated with the ultrasonic saw than in the control group. PMID- 7222282 TI - Pharmacological evidence for multiple sites of action of pressure in mice. AB - The ability of eight diverse pharmacological agents to ameliorate the high pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS) in mice was studied. Data were obtained for the end points: coarse tremors, complete spasms, clonic convulsions, tonic convulsions, and death. The three anesthetics examined (nitrogen, urethane, and phenobarbital) gave good protection against all end points but especially against tonic convulsions. Furthermore, marked increases (greater than 90 atm) were recorded in the lethal pressure in spite of a fixed linear compression. Some detailed differences among the anesthetics were also noted. Of the anticonvulsants, phenytoin protected against tonic convulsions but actually exacerbated some other end points. Diazepam gave some protection against all phases except the tremors, as did trimethadione. Tetrahydrocannabinol and chlorpromazine had little effect. The pharmacological profiles of these end points are all different, suggesting they represent the effects of pressure at separate and distinct sites in the central nervous system. The HPNS cannot be regarded as a single syndrome. PMID- 7222283 TI - Phospholipid synthesis in isolated perfused lungs of rats made tolerant to 100% oxygen. AB - Tolerance to 100% oxygen is readily induced in the rat by prior exposure to 80% oxygen for 7 days. In order to determine whether the rate of synthesis, or te alveolar content, of pulmonary phospholipids is altered in the tolerant rat, we perfused the isolated lung with medium containing 20 muM [14C]methyl choline chloride for 30 min at 10 ml/min, and then we measured the incorporation of carbon-14 into tissue phospholipids. We also measured the phospholipids in the lavage. There was no difference in the rate of incorporation in the tolerant rats (201 +/- 11 nmol/g dry lung, n = 8, mean +/- SEM) compared to control rats (210 +/- 9 nmol/g dry lung, n = 4) that had been exposed to air for 7 days under identical conditions. Whereas the induction of tolerance did not alter the total amount of phospholipid lavaged from the lung (tolerant: 251 +/- 31 microgram lipid phosphorus/g dry lung, n = 10; control: 228 +/- 9, n = 5) or the amount that was disaturated (tolerant: 44.7 +/- 4.2%, n = 5; control 45.0 +/- 2.1%, n = 4), there were marked increases in the relative amounts of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the lavage from tolerant rats. Static compliance measurements revealed that the pressure required to maintain the tolerant lungs at 50% of total lung capacity was half that required in the control rats. At this stage it is not possible to say what role, if any, these changes have in the induction of tolerance to 100% oxygen. PMID- 7222284 TI - Alterations in mouse fecal flora associated with hyperbaric stress. AB - The effect of hyperbaric stress on the composition of fecal microflora was investigated in the mouse. Mice were exposed to 35 ATA with normoxic PO2 concentration in a helium atmosphere at 35 degrees C to prevent body heat loss or to 1 ATA oxygen-helium at 25 degrees C. Freshly discharged fecal pellets were cultured under strict anaerobic conditions, replica plated, and then cultured both aerobically and anaerobically. From experiment to experiment there was considerable variation in the total number of cultured bacteria. By replica plating, however, a consistent reduction in the relative numbers of obligate anaerobes was demonstrated, from a mean of 71% to 44%, in the pressurized mice. Bacteroids distasonis and B. multiacidus were the obligately anaerobic species most frequent identified from mice exposed at 35 and 1 ATA. Major changes in species distribution were not encountered. PMID- 7222285 TI - Validity of self-reported work experience among U.S. Navy divers. AB - The validity of self-reported diving experience was assessed among 49 U.S. Navy divers. They were asked to provide frequency estimates for the following four diving categories: total dives, dives to more than 31 m, night dives, and dives at surface temperatures of less than 10 degrees C. These estimates were then correlated with official Navy diving records. The resulting correlations ranged from nonsignificant to moderate across the four diving categories. The sample was then divided into three groups according to the extent to which they overestimated diving experience-Low, Medium, and High. The Low group made more total dives and more dives greater than 31 m than either the Medium or High groups. The High and Medium groups did not differ from each other. The groups were similar in overall health status (as indicated but sick call visits) but varied in previous diving accidents. The High and Medium groups incurred substantially more diving accidents per number of total dives made than the Low group. These results indicate that self-reported diving experience information should not be used for purposes in which accuracy is required. Determining discrepancies between estimated and actual experience may also be useful in diver selection and assignment. PMID- 7222286 TI - Venous gas bubble production following cold stress during a no-decompression dive. AB - The effect of cold stress on venous gas bubble production was studied using Doppler ultrasonic monitoring. Ten subjects participated in four exposure regimes carried out at 78 fsw on an underwater platform for 38 min of light exercise in 10 degrees C water. Two cold exposures (1/8-in. wet suit) and two warm exposures (insulated dry suit) were each followed by rewarming in a heated bath or by endogenous heat production while insulated in a sleeping bag. Results showed that for the cold dives compared to warm dives, air consumption increased 29%, rectal temperature dropped 0.8 degrees C by the end of the dive, mean skin temperature dropped 11 degrees C, and cooling rate correlated with mean skin fold and endomorphy (P less than 0.001). A threefold increase in bubble scores (P less than 0.025) was observed following the warm dives compared to the cold dives. The results suggest that inert gas uptake is reduced as a result of peripheral vasoconstriction when the cold stress is induced at the onset of the dive and maintained throughout. PMID- 7222288 TI - In-water resuscitation. PMID- 7222287 TI - Hyperbaric chamber for evaluating hydrostatic pressure effects on tissues and cells. AB - A chamber system is described for the study of pure hydrostatic pressure effects on tissues and cells. The small chamber has an internal volume of 7.6 liters and is rated for working pressures up to 400 ATA. Sliding doors at each end permit easy access and quick sealing. A cam-driven pump provides constant flow of physiological solution to the tissue bath containing the preparation. Connections to the pump allow a variety of test solutions to be used in the course of an experiment. The tissue bath is designed to prevent chamber gas from diffusing in to the perfusate, thus allowing for pure hydrostatic compression of the bath contents. The bath is coupled to a motorized stage to facilitate placement of recording devices once the bath is placed inside the chamber. Temperature is controlled within 0.05 degrees C of set point by thermoelectric modules coupled to a feedback amplifier. This system has been used for electrical and mechanical studies of cardiac muscle, but its versatility makes it suitable for a wide range of other biomedical applications. PMID- 7222289 TI - [New aspects of closed intramedullary nailing and marrow cavity reaming in animal experiments. I. The tibia of the sheep, as a model for intramedullar nailing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222290 TI - [New aspects of closed intramedullary nailing and marrow cavity reaming in animal experiments. II. Intramedullary pressure in marrow cavity reaming (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222291 TI - [Delays and non-union after forearm fractures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222292 TI - [Avulsions and fractures of the tuberositas tibiae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222293 TI - [Spine injuries due to horse riding. Part 1 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222294 TI - [Spine injuries due to horse riding. Part 2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222295 TI - [Surgical suction drains. A comment on the paper by H. Lohfert (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222296 TI - [Post-traumatic disturbance of growth in the elbow region in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222298 TI - [Experimental and practical basis of prebending of the narrow and broad AO plate (DCP) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222299 TI - [Experiences with monitoring of intracranial pressure in severe brain injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222297 TI - [Fractures of calcaneus-late results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222300 TI - Vesico-uterine fistula following caesarean section. PMID- 7222301 TI - [The influence of completely ligated ureters on the regeneration of tubulus cells after diversion of the urine by ureterocystoneostomy (author's transl)]. AB - After a complete destruction of the ureter, renal function recovers more completely after diversion of the urine by splints than by ureterocystoneostomy. After a longer period of obstruction and successive restoration of urinary diversion by ureterocystoneostomy a relative increase in pressure of the ureter continues. This is the result of a functional obstruction, caused by disintegration of the muscle cells by connective tissue. The proliferation of connective tissue is probably induced and maintained by extravasation of urine into the layers of the ureter and that after abolition of the special function of the tunica mucosa. The defects of the mucosa are probably caused by metabolic disturbance after a pressure-induced decrease of blood supply. PMID- 7222303 TI - Sexual dysfunction associated with urinary incontinence. AB - 208 female patients attending an incontinence clinic gave information about their marital lives and sexual habits. 90 women (43%) maintained that their urinary disorder had adversely affected sexual relations. Women with bladder instability had a significantly higher incidence of sexual dysfunction than women with pure stress incontinence. PMID- 7222302 TI - Etiologic factors in Peyronie's disease. AB - The cause of Peyronie's disease remains obscure. Reports based upon limited data reach conclusions that remain unverified. Leads are needed. Can available information open avenues for further studies? From reports in the literature and from observations in the laboratory and on patients, it is probably that two factors are involved; one, an inherent tendency to abnormal production of fibrous tissue; the other, mechanical stresses which stimulate and direct location of deposit. The fibrous tissue production appears to be an individual diathesis, from systemic factors yet undefined. Mechanical stresses, which may incite a latent fibrous response, occur with repeated penile overextension at sexual intercourse and during erections while sleep in the prone position. Such forces could overstretch the dorsal portion of the more rigid and already completely extended deep layer of the tunica albuginea. The repair of these minute lesions would involve laying down of fibrous tissue which, being even less extensible, transmits the stretching force to the uninvolved adjacent tissue; the defect in the latter then heals and contributes to the enlarging plague. Together, the ensuing pain and the deformity reduce the vigor of the erections, thus limit the progression of the disease. The previous findings on the origins of the fibrous tissue are reviewed. Observations on models and tissue by examining the site of the plague, its size and the plane of curvature are described. The course of the disease with and without treatment is described. PMID- 7222305 TI - [Caryometry for testing the effectiveness of hormone treatment of carcinoma of the prostate gland (author's transl)]. AB - Control aspiration biopsy should be performed on patients with carcinoma of the prostate gland, because the tumour cells show morphological signs of regression if estrogen therapy is successful: the nuclei of the tumor cells shrink. This can be measured by caryometry. In tumors refractory to estrogen primarily, the nuclei fail to shrink, whereas in tumors refractory to estrogen secondarily, the nuclei reexpand. The cytologic-caryometric findings are therefore an important means of assessing the effectiveness of hormone therapy. PMID- 7222304 TI - Telemetric urodynamic investigations in normal males. AB - To study the applicability of telemetry in urodynamics, 10 healthy males were evaluated by both standard and telemetric urodynamic techniques. TV observation made correlation of the data with the actual situation possible. During bladder filling, intravesical pressure could be registrated in a lying, sitting and standing position. Stress conditions such as walking, running, climbing steps, kneebends, push-ups and even handstands were tested. Detrusor instability was detected with telemetric techniques in 6 volunteers, while regular cystometry showed evidence of instability in only 2 cases. Desire to void occurred in telemetric studies at lower bladder volume than in regular cystometry. A normal voiding phase was registered in all telemetric investigations, while 3/10 men displayed an abnormal micturition pattern in regular sitting cystometry. The advantages of telemetric urodynamic investigations are: (1) simulation of several stress conditions because of the patient's independence of stationary laboratory equipment; (2) lowered psychogenic stress as the patient is left undisturbed and can urinate in a normal position and (3) 24-hour investigations. It is indicated in (1) incontinence if no urine loss can be detected by regular cystometry; (2) micturition disorders in psychogenic inhibition of micturition is suspected, and (3) enuresis if 24-hour investigations are desired. PMID- 7222306 TI - [Surgical diseases of the fused kidney in children]. PMID- 7222307 TI - [Dysplasias and inflammatory lesions of the ureterovesical segment in children]. PMID- 7222308 TI - [Carbohydrate and fat metabolic disorders in uric acid nephrolithiasis and uric acid diathesis]. PMID- 7222309 TI - [Urolithiasis in Afghanistan]. PMID- 7222310 TI - [Ureterovaginal fistulae]. PMID- 7222311 TI - [Treatment of penile cancer]. PMID- 7222312 TI - [Treatment of acute epididymitis: a modified technic of epididymectomy]. PMID- 7222313 TI - [Method of urethrodynamometry]. PMID- 7222314 TI - Urine composition in patients with urolithiasis during treatment with magnesium oxide. AB - Fifteen patients with recurrent renal stone formation were treated with 400 mg magnesium oxide daily. Urine composition was analyzed before the start of treatment and after 6-12 months. The urinary excretion of magnesium before and during treatment was 321 +/- 120 (mean +/- SD) and 409 +/- 140 mmol per mol creatinine respectively, a difference that was not statistically significant. Urinary calcium increased from 473 +/- 186 to 662 +/- 213 mmol per mol creatinine (p less than 0.05). All patients who increased their excretion of magnesium also increased the urinary output of calcium and, as a result of this, the calcium/magnesium-quotients were unaffected by the treatment. No significant effect was observed on urine oxalate excretion. Serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium and urate all remained at the pre-treatment level. From the results obtained in this study, magnesium oxide in this dosage cannot be recommended for use in treatment of patients with urolithiasis. PMID- 7222316 TI - The action of bromocriptine on human detrusor muscle. AB - The pharmacological effects of bromocriptine on human detrusor muscle were investigated by an in vitro isometric method. Both a direct stimulating effect and an anticholinergic effect were demonstrated. These effects, together with an alpha-adrenergic blocking effect reported in a previous paper, are correlated with the published clinical effects of bromocriptine in patients with primary and secondary unstable detrusors. PMID- 7222315 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase in human renal carcinoma tissues. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and isoenzyme were determined in 27 human renal carcinoma (RC) tissues. Although LDH-1 and LDH-2 were predominant in the normal kidney, a completely inverted isoenzyme pattern was observed in 16 carcinomas. The others, however, showed either a normal or an incompletely inverted pattern. The LDH activity in the tumours with a completely inverted pattern was significantly higher than the activity of incompletely inverted or normal kidney pattern. It was also found that the isoenzyme pattern was more closely correlated with cell type than the grade of malignancy of the tumour, 14 out of the 16 cases of the completely inverted pattern being of the clear cell type, and 9 out of the 11 cases of incompletely inverted or normal kidney pattern being of either granular cell or mixed cell type. These results seemed to well substantiate an opinion that in clear cells anaerobic glycolysis provides a major energy source, whereas granular cells seek energy source primarily in TCA cycle and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7222317 TI - Renal carbuncle: diagnosis and management. AB - Six cases of renal carbuncle are presented. Nonstaphylococcal carbuncles now greatly outnumber those of staphylococcal origin. Diagnostic modalities are discussed. No radiologic or laboratory investigation is specific, but the diagnosis should be suspected in most cases if adequate attention is given the patient's signs and symptoms. Surgical treatment is recommended. PMID- 7222318 TI - Evaluation of therapeutic arterial embolization in renal cell carcinoma using microencapsulated mitomycin C. AB - The therapeutic arterial embolization in the case of renal cell carcinoma using microencapsulated mitomycin C (MMC) was investigated by an angiographic evaluation in comparison with nonencapsulated MMC. The Gelfoam embolization supplemented with nonencapsulated MMC could not necessarily prevent the recanalization and collateral circulation, while the Gelfoam embolization supplemented with microencapsulated MMC completely or considerably eliminated the revascularization with a distinct advantage in this degree. Moreover, peripheral blood MMC level after the embolization using microencapsulated MMC was reduced to 39 per cent of that after nonencapsulated MMC infusion. The result was consistent with the previous experiments, indicating that the transcatheter infusion of microencapsulated MMC is the therapeutic arterial embolization of the tumor supplying vessels together with regional anticancer chemotherapy. Further clinical application to various malignancies is in progress. PMID- 7222319 TI - Acetohydroxamic acid therapy in infected renal stones. AB - The use of acetohydroxamic acid at different dosages is recommended in the treatment of renal lithiasis secondary to urease-producing bacteria. The effects of this drug are directed to urinary ammonium and urinary pH reduction and to potentiation of antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7222320 TI - Halothane-induced nephrotoxicity. AB - Two cases are reported of combined renal and hepatic failure following exposure to halothane anesthesia. Both patients presented with postoperative fever and rapidly deteriorating liver and kidney function. Both required peritoneal dialysis. Both patients died, and in both cases this was the second exposure to halothane. The pathologic features of the 2 cases were similar in that the liver changes were typical of those seen with halothane hepatitis and the renal lesion was similar to that of methoxyflurane nephritis. This is, to our knowledge, the third report of renal failure occurring after halothane anesthesia. Possible mechanisms regarding its toxicity are discussed. PMID- 7222321 TI - Bacterial content of enucleated prostate glands. AB - An investigation has been done to study the bacterial content of the prostate gland in a group of 100 patients who underwent retropubic prostatectomy. The operation was performed under hypotension, and catheters were not used in the postoperative period. One-half the patients presented with retention of urine; the remainder underwent elective operation. Eighty-seven patients had sterile urine at the time of surgery, but bacteria were isolated from the prostate gland in 42 patients. It was confirmed that the longer a catheter was left indwelling before operation, the greater would be the likelihood that bacteria would be isolated from the gland. In patients who did not require catheterization before operation, the incidence of bacterial infection of the gland was 40.8 per cent. Bacteria isolated from the prostate were responsible for the majority of the cases of postoperative septicemia and wound infections. PMID- 7222322 TI - Psychosocial aspects of micturition. AB - The complex act of micturition is still insufficiently understood and a controversial neuromuscular phenomenon. In humans, the urinary bladder reflects the constant accommodation to physiologic, psychologic, and social aspects of micturition. This article deals with these additional dimensions of micturition of which the urologist should be aware. PMID- 7222323 TI - Evaluation of povidone-iodine as vesical irrigant for treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections. AB - This is a preliminary study evaluating diluted solutions of povidone-iodine (PVP I) as urinary bladder irrigants for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infection. Diluted povidone-iodine solutions were used as indwelling catheter irrigants and as instillations into the urinary bladder following intermittent catheterization. The diluted PVP-I solutions had no efficacy in either the treatment or prevention of urinary tract infections when used as indwelling urethral or suprapubic catheter irrigants. There was a suggestion of a slight decrease in the incidence of urinary tract infections during the use of PVP-I in the intermittent catheterization group in this uncontrolled study, but the percentage of positive urine cultures was greater than desired. The absence of any unfavorable data has led us to conclude that the diluted PVP-I caused no undesirable side effects in any of the patients treated with this agent, PVP-I bladder irrigation warrants further investigation in special cases such as lower urinary tract fungal infections. PMID- 7222324 TI - The myth of the clean catch urine specimen. AB - Urine specimens obtained from unprepped ambulatory females who voided into an unsterile disposable plastic cup showed a 95-per cent correlation with a catheterized specimen collected from a prepped patient through a sterile cystoscope. From these data, it appears that the midstream urine specimen and its unpleasant collection routine can be eliminated. We have found that specimens collected at anytime during voiding in unsterile disposable plastic cups result in reliable urine cultures. PMID- 7222325 TI - Management of neurogenic impotence with inflatable penile prosthesis. AB - The inflatable penile prosthesis was used to manage impotence of neurogenic origin secondary to spinal cord injury. The female partners were also interviewed. Analysis of the results indicated that this was an eminently satisfactory method of managing this distressing complication of spinal cord injury. Both men and women indicated satisfaction with the prosthesis. The incidence of complications was the same as in those patients with non-neurogenic impotence. Erosion of the prosthesis due to pressure necrosis of denervated tissue did not occur. PMID- 7222326 TI - Vasovasostomy: comparison of two microsurgical techniques. AB - An easier technique of microsurgical vasovasostomy, a modified one-layer anastomosis, is compared to double-layer anastomosis. In this preliminary report there is no difference between the modified one-layer and double-layer techniques in per cent of patients postoperatively obtaining normal sperm count and pregnancy. Since the modified one-layer technique is easier, faster, and less expensive, this technique deserves further clinical experience and evaluation. PMID- 7222327 TI - Resolution of bony metastases after bilateral orchiectomy for carcinoma of prostate. AB - Resolution of multiple bony metastases after bilateral orchiectomy for carcinoma of prostate was documented by roentgenogram and scintigraphy. This marked improvement was correlated with a decline in serum acid phosphatase, disappearance of soft tissue tumor, and clinical improvement in the patient. PMID- 7222328 TI - Spontaneous regression of renal cysts. AB - Spontaneous regression of simple renal cysts is a rare phenomenon. Two cases diagnosed as renal cysts are reported in which later studies revealed these lesions to have disappeared. PMID- 7222329 TI - Retroperitoneal barytoma. AB - A rare case of retroperitoneal fibrosis after rectal perforation during a barium enema is reported. Pelvic cellulitis due to infiltration of barium and fecal matter is a serious complication and needs an energetic treatment. Urologic complications appear later and result from the formation of a foreign body granuloma. PMID- 7222330 TI - Recurrent reflux caused by vesicoureteral fistula. AB - We present an unusual case of recurrent reflux on the right side after bilateral vesicoureteroplasty with modified Hutch I technique. PMID- 7222332 TI - Renal oncocytoma. AB - Benign adenoma of the kidney is rare. A case report of renal oncocytoma, one of the rarest, is presented, and its salient features are discussed. PMID- 7222331 TI - Operative management problems in nephrobronchial fistula. AB - During left subcapsular nephrectomy in a patient with nephrobronchial fistula, the purulent material entered the bronchial tree through the fistulous tracts and flooded the dependent right lung. Patchy atelectasis and later massive consolidation of the lower lobe of the right lung ensued ultimately causing her death. A plea is made to use double-lumen endobronchial tubes for anesthesia to prevent such spillover of purulent secretions to the contralateral lung from the kidney. The fistulous tracts should be divided as the first step during surgery, before mobilization of the kidney. In a suspected case, retrograde pyelography should be done preferably under local or regional anesthesia, so that the patient could cough out the contrast material and purulent secretion that might enter the bronchial tree under pressure during the procedure. PMID- 7222333 TI - Automatic retractor holder: new self-retaining retractor. PMID- 7222334 TI - Use of otis urethrotome to reopen stenotic suprapubic tract. PMID- 7222335 TI - Inexpensive, readily available rubber dam for vasovasostomy. PMID- 7222336 TI - Mixed renomedullary tumor: renal cell carcinoma associated with angiomyolipoma. PMID- 7222337 TI - Condyloma acuminatum of bladder. AB - A patient with a condyloma acuminatum of the bladder is presented. This is a rare manifestation of the lesion. The salient features which characterize the lesion are described, and the differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 7222338 TI - Case profile: neuroblastoma in eleven-month-old infant. PMID- 7222339 TI - Liver-spleen visualization by renal imaging agent glucoheptonate. AB - A case is presented illustrating one or more vicarious routes of excretion in other abdominal organs after injection of 99mtechnetium-labeled glucoheptonate for renal imaging. The patient had chronic renal disease, but mechanism of the vicarious excretion is obscure. PMID- 7222340 TI - Collateral venous flow through uterus caused by retroperitoneal extraosseous Ewing sarcoma. AB - We report on a twenty-four-year-old woman with extraosseous Ewing sarcoma in the right retroperitoneum. The tumor blocked the common iliac vein, and because of an intervening pregnancy, the blood flow was shunted through the uterus and left ovarian vein back into the vena cava. She died within nine months despite radical surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. PMID- 7222342 TI - [Effect of hypotensive agents on prostaglandin-induced ocular hypertension]. PMID- 7222341 TI - Pressure-distention relation in male obstructed urethra. AB - The pressure-distention relations of the obstructed urethra were estimated from urethral pressure profiles measured with catheters of different diameters. Ten patients with obstruction of proximal and distal urethra were studied. The pressure-distention relations in the corresponding intact parts of the urethra were used as control data. The pressure-distention relation appears to be a good diagnostic indicator of changes in the viscoelastic properties of the urethral tissue at the site of the obstruction. PMID- 7222343 TI - [Changes in ocular hydrodynamic indices in exposure to a permanent magnetic field]. PMID- 7222344 TI - [Use of photocoagulation for preventing and treating traumatic retinal detachments]. PMID- 7222345 TI - [Diagnostic and treatment experience with central serous retinitis]. PMID- 7222346 TI - [Retinal hemodynamic evaluation by fluorescein angiographic data on the fundus oculi]. PMID- 7222347 TI - [Effect of acute cerebral hypoxia on the permeability of the hemato-ophthalmic barrier]. PMID- 7222348 TI - [Thrombocyte aggregation in vascular diseases of the eye]. PMID- 7222349 TI - [Laser for treating corneal stromal diseases]. PMID- 7222350 TI - [Mechanism of corneal flattening resulting from nonperforating anterior incisions]. PMID- 7222351 TI - [Interference method in strabismus diagnosis]. PMID- 7222352 TI - [Adrenaline and cocaine in diagnosing sympathetic innervation disorders of the pupils in children with accommodation spasms]. PMID- 7222353 TI - [Lipid peroxidation in the formed elements of the blood in herpetic keratitis]. PMID- 7222354 TI - [New principle of measuring intraocular pressure (convex tonometry and convex tonography)]. PMID- 7222355 TI - [Results of M. M. Krasnov's convex tonography method]. PMID- 7222356 TI - [Phonophoresis and cavitation]. PMID- 7222357 TI - [Device for magnetotherapy of the eyes]. PMID- 7222358 TI - [Cases of eye injuries from laser radiation]. PMID- 7222359 TI - [Simultaneous cataract extraction in both eyes]. PMID- 7222360 TI - [Case of unilateral retinal pigment degeneration]. PMID- 7222361 TI - [Corticosteroid therapy problem in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7222362 TI - [Role of corticosteroids in the overall treatment of perforating eye wounds]. PMID- 7222363 TI - [Further comment on the surgery of primary glaucoma]. PMID- 7222364 TI - [Differential diagnosis and treatment of congenital external and middle ear anomalies in children]. PMID- 7222365 TI - [Hearing improving operations in patients undergoing radical ear surgery with preservation of the tympanic membrane]. PMID- 7222366 TI - [Prevention of chronic tonsillitis exacerbation by using dry combination aerosols]. PMID- 7222367 TI - [Thermography of the larynx]. PMID- 7222368 TI - [Corrections for the x-ray anatomy of the larynx]. PMID- 7222369 TI - [Reparative processes in the frontal sinus after being filled with cartilage allografts]. PMID- 7222370 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of benign tumors and tumor formations of the external ear]. PMID- 7222371 TI - [Optimal acoustic conditions for binaural speech perception by patients with asymmetrical neurosensory hearing loss]. PMID- 7222372 TI - [Allergic rhinosinusitis in agricultural machinery operators]. PMID- 7222373 TI - [Device for indirect hypolaryngoscopy]. PMID- 7222374 TI - [Instrument modification (microhook) for crurotomy]. PMID- 7222376 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital anomalies of the individual auditory ossicles]. PMID- 7222377 TI - [Necrotic otitis externa in diabetics]. PMID- 7222375 TI - [Teflon prosthesis dislodged from the ear after a mandibular injury]. PMID- 7222378 TI - [2 cases of neurinoma of the vertical portion of the facial nerve]. PMID- 7222379 TI - [Submucosal osteochonchotomy in vasomotor rhinitis]. PMID- 7222381 TI - [Traumatic choanal atresia in a 7-year-old child]. PMID- 7222380 TI - [Glioma of the nose]. PMID- 7222382 TI - [Struma of the root of the tongue]. PMID- 7222383 TI - [Concomitant ganglioneuroma of the neck and scoliosis in a 7-year-old child]. PMID- 7222384 TI - [Dermoid cyst of the external auditory canal]. PMID- 7222385 TI - [New method of binaural hearing prosthesis]. PMID- 7222386 TI - [Immunotherapy potentials in the overall treatment of chronic hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. AB - The indices of non-specific resistance and immunity were studied in 171 children with chronic hematogenic osteomyelitis. It was established that the postoperative period was more favourable in children who had received the whole course of immune therapy with staphylococcal anatoxin and prodigiozan before the operation. The operation was performed after the indices of anti-infection defense had become normal. PMID- 7222387 TI - [Prognostic importance of ballistocardiographic indices in myocardial contractile function during a mitral commissurotomy during the late stages of mitral stenosis]. AB - In 100 patients under retrospective analysis was the role of ballistocardiograms taken before operation for prognosis of the myocardium contractive function during narcosis and operation. The ballistocardiographic record made on the Starr table enables, with the aid of the work and power formula, to quantitatively estimate the stage of narcosis and operation. PMID- 7222388 TI - [Pathogenetic justification for the surgeon's active procedure in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhages of peptic origin]. AB - The relationship between the disorders in the indices of the internal medium of the organism and the volume of blood loss, the number of recurrent hemorrhages, the length of the posthemorrhagic period was established on the basis of experimental, laboratory, instrumental investigations and the experience of treatment of 1987 patients with acute gastro-intestinal hemorrhages. The advantages of active methods and the early urgent operation over other kinds of treatment were supported by the immediate results of operations in 415 patients with profuse gastro-intestinal hemorrhage of ulcerous etiology. The terms and results of operations were shown to be in direct dependence. The mortality rate after the operations performed within 24 hours was 1%. PMID- 7222389 TI - [Wedge pressure in the pulmonary vein and artery]. AB - Analysis of the results of measurements of the pressure in pulmonary veins and left auricle in 143 patients with mitral stenosis during the operation and the registration of the wedge pressure in the pulmonary veins during catheterization in 62 of 105 patients of another group enabled the authors to conclude that there was no autonomous pulsation of the pulmonary veins. The pressure after occlusion with a catheter of the pulmonary vein branches and the pulmonary artery does not reflect the true hemodynamic condition in the occlusion basin. The data obtained should be considered as artificial phenomena determined by the method islet. PMID- 7222390 TI - [Criteria in the malignant degeneration of chronic stomach ulcers]. AB - Carcinoma of the stomach was revealed in 34,4% of patients with continuous gastric disorders. Early carcinoma was found only in 10% of them. The authors believe that the measures aimed at the detection of early forms of carcinoma should be taken in the group of an increased oncological risk. The conservative treatment of patients with gastric ulcer should be preceded by endoscopy with verification. The indications for the surgical treatment of the ulcer must be determined before the development of complications. PMID- 7222391 TI - [Combined complications in peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum]. AB - Case histories of patients with associated complications of peptic ulcer treated in the clinic of surgery of the Voronezh Medical Institute for the last 25 years are analyzed. Specific features of the clinical course and methods of treatment in different combinations of complications are considered with special reference to immediate and late results. Practical recommendations are given. PMID- 7222392 TI - [Abscessotomy and omentoplasty in amebic liver abscesses]. AB - Omentoplasty of the abscess cavity was used in 25 patients with noncomplicated and complicated amebiasis of the liver and in 25 experimental rabbits with an induced amebic abscess of the liver. The histological, biochemical and clinical observations have supported the idea that the omentum graft on the feeding pedicle could grow into the granular torus of the abscess wall and liquidate the remaining cavity including the formation of fistulas. The function and structure of the liver were found to recover within 25 days. PMID- 7222393 TI - [Surgical treatment of obstructive jaundice]. AB - The analysis of results of the examination and surgical treatment of 567 patients with obstructive jaundice is presented. In 198 (34,9%) jaundice was caused by a cholelithic disease, in 362 cases (64.9%) there were tumoral lesions, in 7 (1,2%) parasitogenic lesions of the organs of the hepatobiliopancreatoduodenal zone. The kinds of operations in obstructive jaundice are described with recommendations to create transvesicular hepatochlangiojejunoanastomosis in high blocks of bile tracts. Practical recommendations for the improved diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, its prevention and decreased postoperative lethality are given. PMID- 7222395 TI - [Causes of mortality in acute appendicitis]. AB - Cause of lethal outcomes of acute appendicitis were studied. Operations were performed in 11162 cases. Fourty eight patients (0,43%) died. In addition, 7 patients died without an operation. In 65% of dead patients diagnostic, technical and tactical errors were stated. Among their causes were the following: late admission to the hospital resulting in the appearance of complications which masked the main disease, groundless extension of indications for the operation, absence of individual operative measures and methods depending on the specific features of the pathological state. PMID- 7222394 TI - [Anastomoses of the extrahepatic bile ducts with the duodenal stump (duodenocholecystostomy)]. AB - The article generalizes the experience of 11 anastomoses between the bile ducts and the duodenal stump in patients previously operated for ulcer or cancer. These operations were performed in obstruction of the hepatocholedochus resulting from an accidental lesion of bile ducts during resection of the stomach or less frequently by choledocholithiasis, sclerosis of the pancreas head. PMID- 7222397 TI - [Chronic recurrent paraproctitis]. AB - The authors analyze the problem of prophylaxis of chronic paraproctitis (rectum fistulas). One of its links is the correct understanding of etiology and treatment of recurring pararectal abscesses. This form of inflammation with recurring abscesses without fistulas in the stage of remission is considered to be chronical. The authors propose to name it the chronic recurring paraproctitis. The experience with the treatment of 202 patients showed the usual opening the abscess to be not radical. To prevent further recurrings it is necessary to eliminate the altered crypt and the latent infection in the scar tissues. A two step operation was used with the displacement of the mucous coat. Radical operations were made on 119 patients. All of them showed complete recovery. PMID- 7222396 TI - [Participation of the lungs in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism]. AB - The utilization of glucose, NFA, triglycerides, cholesterol and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol as well as the production of lactic acid were studied at different pH levels on the model of isolated lungs of the dog perfused in a special chamber maintaining the conditions close to physiological. The data obtained may be used for the assessment of lung metabolism under these conditions. PMID- 7222398 TI - [Diagnostic importance of colonoscopy in patients operated on previously for cancer of the large intestine]. AB - Polyps, new malignant tumors and recurrent tumors along the line of anastomosis were frequently revealed in patients who had been previously operated upon for colon carcinoma. The authors examined 93 patients subjected to radical operations for carcinoma of te colon 6 months - 10 years before. In 37 of them there were polyps, 3 patients had metachronous tumors and 6 patients had recurrent carcinomas along the anastomosis line. A conclusion was made that the patients previously operated for carcinoma of the colon should be referred to a group of patients previously operated for carcinoma of the colon should be referred to a group of patients with the increased oncological risk. They must be dynamically observed. PMID- 7222400 TI - [Results of interilioabdominal amputations]. AB - Twenty four interilioabdominal amputations for malignant tumors are described. Malignant tumors of the proximal portion of the femur or pelvis were taken as indications for surgery. The Salishchev incision was used. The main steps of the operation are given. Two patients died immediately after the operation. The fate of the other 22 patients was followed: 17 patients died within 3 years after the operation, 3 patients survived for more than 5 years. The worst results were obtained in osteogenic sarcomas and Ewing's sarcomas. PMID- 7222399 TI - [Surgical and combined treatment of kidney cancer]. AB - A comparative analysis of two clinical groups of patients was performed in order to study the influence of postoperative irradiation on the results of the treatment of only the surgical treatment (nephrectomy). The second group (63 patients) was subjected to a combined treatment - nephrectomy and irradiation. In the first group the survival rate for 3 and 5 years was 40,0% and 20,0%, in the second group-49,9% and 31,7% respectively. The survival rate was higher in the combined treatment because of less recidivation of carcinoma (14,3%), although the frequency of the metastatic spread in the both groups was almost the same 50,6% and 54,0%. PMID- 7222401 TI - [Complex diagnosis of trophic disorders in postthrombophlebitic disease]. AB - Trophic disorders in the tissues of diseased extremities were studied in 530 patients with thrombophlebitis. Four clinical degrees of such disorders were found. The authors have shown that in the first and second degrees of trophic disorders changes in the tissues were of the compensated, subcompensated and practically reversible character, while in the third and fourth degrees they resulted in decompensation of the extremity functions and were found to be irreversible. The conclusion is made that results of the surgical treatment are directly dependent on the degree of the regional trophic disorders. PMID- 7222402 TI - [Surgical treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis in children]. AB - The experience of treatment of 285 children with nonspecific ulcerative colitis enabled the authors to conclude that the surgical treatment should be more widely recommended in children with severe and even mild nonspecific ulcerative colitis when the conservative treatment proved to be ineffective. They believe that such operations should be fulfilled in two steps: the first step consists in a complete removal of the colon and anastomosing of the separated part of the ileum to the rectum stump. The second step should liquidate the ileostoma and repair the continuity of the intestine. PMID- 7222403 TI - [Duodenal ulcer hemorrhage as a complication of extensive burns]. PMID- 7222404 TI - [Syntopy of the abdominal organs in children with large ventral hernia]. AB - The authors were studying syntopy of the abdominal organs in children with ventral hernias appearing after healing a great hernia of the umbilical cord in the neonatal period. Certain regular disturbances of the anatomical and functional state of the abdominal organs were detected. These data gave grounds for a new correcting operation allowing normal syntopy of the organs to be restored and their function to be improved. The operation was introduced into practice of the Surgical Clinic of the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute in 1975. PMID- 7222405 TI - [Intensive therapy and surgical tactics in terminal stage of appendicular peritonitis in children]. AB - Identification of the phase in the development of peritonitis is of great practical significance. Accounting the homeostatic shifts and their correction in the pre- and postoperative period in children with the terminal phase of peritonitis is greatly responsible for the outcome of the surgical intervention. Curative analgesia in the postoperative period decreases the development of complications. PMID- 7222407 TI - [Atypical site of a true cyst of the thymus gland in a child]. PMID- 7222406 TI - [Kidney function disorders in "uncomplicated" skeletal trauma in children]. AB - The renal function was studied in 198 children with non-complicated skeletal trauma (fraction of the femur, vertebral column and others). The renal function was found to be disturbed in 34,3% of the cases. The suitable treatment results in normal functioning of the kidneys within the 2nd week after trauma. PMID- 7222408 TI - [Enterogenic cyst of the posterior mediastinum]. PMID- 7222410 TI - [Peridural anesthesia under conditions of a regional hospital]. PMID- 7222409 TI - [Relation between artificial respiration and blood circulation in lung surgery]. AB - The investigation of parameters of the artificial pulmonary ventilation and hemodynamics of the greater and lesser circulation circles during operation on the lungs has shown these parameters to be most greatly changed at the stages of separation of the pulmonary root and dissection of the vessels and bronchi. Changes in the ventilatory regimen were not followed by changes in the pulmonary hemodynamics and gas composition of the blood. PMID- 7222411 TI - [Disorders of electrolyte metabolism in the early period after traumatic shock]. AB - Inconsiderable hyponatremia and pronounced hypopotassemia were found to accompany the shock. In a mild course of the traumatic disease the concentration of natrium in blood plasma was restored within 3--6 days, potassium within 7--10 days after trauma, and in a grave course hypopotassemia retained for about 14 days. More continuous use of the infusion therapy including potassium and natrium was found to be expedient. PMID- 7222412 TI - [Difficulties and errors of diagnosis of acute appendicitis and gynecologic diseases]. AB - Differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis and acute gynecological diseases frequently presents great difficulties since they often have similar symptoms. The attention of nubile women should be given to gynecological anamnesis, vaginal and rectal methods of examination in admission. In certain cases women admitted with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, should be dynamically observed. When necessary, a repeated gynecological examination must be made. With symptoms of acute appendicitis and internal hemorrhage the laparotomy by Lennard's incision of inferio-median laparotomy is indicated. The process with secondary changes during extrauterine pregnancy should be ablated. PMID- 7222413 TI - [Cardiac complications after subclavian vein catheterization]. PMID- 7222414 TI - [Complications of subclavian vein puncture during artificial respiration]. PMID- 7222415 TI - [Severe complication of local transgastric hypothermia in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7222416 TI - [Vagotomy in stomach and duodenal ulcer]. AB - The article is devoted to the analysis of results of vagotomy in the treatment of peptic ulcer. The material shows vagotomy to be an antiphysiological operation, not always efficient but always resulting in grave disturbances of the function of digestive organs as well as the vital activity of the whole organism. It should not be recommended for a wide introduction to the surgical treatment of the ulcer. PMID- 7222417 TI - [Sympathectomy and decompression of the celiac trunk in combination with proximal selective vagotomy in surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer complications]. AB - The article describes 20 patients with complicated duodenal ulcers and 50 patients with chronic abdominal pain syndrome who had inflammatory-sclerotic alterations of elements of the celiac plexus and the arcuate ligament of the diaphragm accompanied in certain cases by compression stenosis of the celiac trunk. Patients with duodenal ulcers were subjected to desympathization and decompression of the celiac trunk in combination with proximal selective vagotomy and drainage of the stomach in cases of stenosis. The postoperative period was found to be favourable, without disturbed gastric evacuation. Good remote results were observed in 8 patients within one year and in 4 patients within 2 years after the operation. PMID- 7222418 TI - [Surgical treatment of cholecystitis and cholecystopancreatitis]. AB - The treatment of 3539 patients has shown that patients with the unquestionable diagnosis of acute cholecystitis (cholecystopancreatitis) without aggravating circumstances must be operated upon in earlier time - within 3--6 days from the onset of the disease, in spite of the improved general condition. Other conditions being equal, the question of surgical treatment must be solved earlier in elderly and senile patients with acute cholecystitis and cholecystopancreatitis. PMID- 7222419 TI - [Improvement of the outcome of treatment of acute cholecystitis]. AB - The experience of treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis in the Leningrad Institute of Medical Emergency Service for 15 years (1964--1978) is analyzed. The general lethality of patients treated at the Institute equals 1,9%. Postoperative lethality is 2,3%. PMID- 7222420 TI - [Multiple primary malignant tumors of the digestive system]. AB - Under analysis were 111 patients with primary multiple tumors of digestive organs. Thirty four tumors were developing synchronously, 77 were metasynchronous. Twenty five patients had lesions of one organ, 81 patients - of two organs and 5 patients of 3 organs. The radical treatment was carried on in 64 patients. Twenty six of them (40,6%) survived for more than 5 years of observations. PMID- 7222423 TI - [Pleuropneumonectomy with the trans-sternal approach]. AB - The trans-sternal access to the lung and its root was used in 31 operations of pleuropulmonectomy. The access made it possible to separate without difficulty and almost without blood loss and to treat the elements of the lung root without its preliminary isolation from the adhesion with the thoracic wall. Before the removal of the lung the author proposes to transfuse the remaining blood from the pulmonary vessels into the vein of the patients. This measure helps preserve about 500 ml of the patient's blood. By means of using the trans-sternal access and inverse blood transfusion the total blood loss during the operation was found to be 5--6 times less which in its turn resulted in 2,5--3 times less postoperative lethality. PMID- 7222421 TI - [Lactation and dyshormonal diseases of the breast]. AB - The investigation of 1685 women after delivery enabled the author to conclude that the function of lactation along with other risk factors was responsible for the morphofunctional state of the mammary glands. PMID- 7222422 TI - [General activity and isoenzymatic spectrum of alkaline phosphatase in the diagnosis of breast cancer metastases]. AB - The investigation of general activity of isoenzymatic spectrum of the alkaline phosphatase is helpful in differentiation of metastases into the liver and metastases into the bones. It can reduce the percentage of wrong conclusions. PMID- 7222426 TI - [Intra-arterial infusion in the treatment of severe forms of occlusive vascular diseases of the lower limbs]. AB - The clinico-instrumental investigation of results of intraarterial infusions of acetylcholine chloride in 82 patients with obliterating lesions of the vessels of lower extremities has revealed high therapeutic effect of the drug. The treatment allowed avoiding amputation of the extremity in the overwhelming majority of patients with serious degrees of ischemia. PMID- 7222424 TI - [Anterior spondylodesis with subcortical separation of anterior longitudinal ligament]. AB - A successful application of berried anterior and anterior-lateral spondylodesis in 20 patients by the original author's method is described. The method is shown to prevent certain complications and to improve the results of treatment of patients with severe injuries of the vertebral column. PMID- 7222425 TI - [Reconstructive operations on the aorta and iliac arteries without the use of clamps]. AB - A method of reconstructive operation on the vessels of the aorto-iliac zone not requiring forceps is proposed. A specially made balloon probe is used instead. It is introduced in the vessel lumen and stops the blood flow. The surgical interventions on the aorta and iliac arteries became much easier and less traumatic due to this innovation. The method was successfully used in 28 patients aged 39 to 72. Two thirds of them had different associated diseases. In the postoperative period the patients had stable hemodynamics and no pareses of the gastro-intestinal tract. The proposed method is especially promising in reconstructive operations on the vessels of the aorto-iliac zone with the retroperitoneal access. PMID- 7222427 TI - [Inactive hemoglobin derivatives in varicose veins]. AB - The concentration in inactive derivatives of hemoglobin in the veins of lower extremities of patients with varicose dilatation of the veins was found to be considerably increased, especially in trophic ulcers. It requires a corresponding correcting therapy. PMID- 7222428 TI - [Multiple nonparasitic liver cysts]. PMID- 7222429 TI - [Integral rheography of the body as a method of evaluation of the circulatory system in surgical diseases]. AB - Surgical diseases are not infrequently responsible for severe operations when the choice between its endurability and poor effects of the conservative treatment speaks in the favour of surgery. The method of integral body rheography when allows the main hemodynamic indices to be reliably assessed as frequently as it is necessary and under any conditions, gives differentiated and quantitative characteristics of the degree and dynamics of heart failure and circulatory insufficiency. It makes the method valuable as an instrument of surgical control good for a wide clinical application. PMID- 7222430 TI - [Perforation of a stomach ulcer strangulated in a diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 7222431 TI - [Postoperative complications and methods of intensive therapy of severe cranio cerebral trauma]. AB - The results of the treatment of 79 patients with an associated cranio-cerebral trauma complicated by shock and blood loss were analyzed. All the patients were operated urgently. A complex of measures which enabled the lethality to be reduced by 17,3% is described. PMID- 7222432 TI - [Stress-induced posttraumatic pulmonary emphysema eliminated by means of reconstructive bronchial resection]. PMID- 7222433 TI - Currents and portents in biomedical research. AB - The present progress and prospects of biomedical research are discussed by reference to the syndrome of "restrictive utilitarianism" which governs much of the public and official attitude to research. The signs and symptoms of the condition are described and some of the prophylactic and therapeutic measures that should be taken to offset the threat it poses to the future welfare of man and animals are suggested. PMID- 7222434 TI - Investigation to determine whether healthy chickens and turkeys are oral carriers of Pasteurella multocida. AB - To investigate to what extent healthy chickens and turkeys may be carriers of Pasteurella multocida, oral swabs were examined from birds in flocks with or without a history of avian pasteurellosis. In all 841 specimens were examined by cultural methods but 142 were also tested by mouse inoculation. P multocida was not found in specimens from normal healthy flocks but was recovered from some live chickens in known infected flocks and from dead turkeys on an infected farm. The implications of these findings are briefly discussed. PMID- 7222435 TI - Toxicity of thornapple (Datura stramonium L) seeds to the pig. AB - Experimental work reported here, together with a review of the available published work, indicates an intake of Datura stramonium seeds equivalent to a dose of about 1.5 mg alkaloid per kg body-weight as a threshold level for the expression of mild toxicity symptoms in the pig. The pig can very effectively reject whole seeds in the diet and whole seeds ingested may pass through the gut intact. Thornapple seems far less likely to cause poisoning in the housed pig than is generally believed. The standard text misquotes the findings of earlier work by a factor of 250. PMID- 7222436 TI - Monensin-tiamulin interaction risk to pigs. PMID- 7222437 TI - Complications of Saffan anaesthesia in cats. PMID- 7222439 TI - [Developmental anomalies of the rib combined with congenital cavitary formations in the lungs]. PMID- 7222438 TI - [Retrograde angiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration in children]. PMID- 7222440 TI - [Angiocardioscintigraphy in the diagnosis of the compression syndrome in mediastinal tumors]. PMID- 7222441 TI - [Differential diagnosis of circumscribed pleural tumors and encapsulated pleurisy]. PMID- 7222442 TI - [Interpretation of laryngeal tomograms]. PMID- 7222443 TI - [Unilateral pulmonary edema in acute left ventricular insufficiency]. PMID- 7222444 TI - [X-ray determination of the blood flow in the branches of the aortic arch]. PMID- 7222445 TI - [Clinical x-ray diagnosis of cancer metastases to the small and large intestines]. PMID- 7222447 TI - [Retrograde phlebography]. PMID- 7222448 TI - [X-ray diagnostic characteristics of respiratory tuberculosis in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 7222446 TI - [The role of amnio- and fetoamniography in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal developmental disorders]. PMID- 7222449 TI - [Use of the moire effect in the quality control of x-ray screening grids]. PMID- 7222450 TI - [Personnel radiation load and a method for determining it during operation of the 12F7 x-ray fluorographic apparatus]. PMID- 7222451 TI - [Measurement of the tomographic angle in linear displacement of the system]. PMID- 7222452 TI - [Case of Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 7222454 TI - [2 cases of foreign bodies in the myocardium]. PMID- 7222455 TI - [Case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]. PMID- 7222453 TI - [Bilobar agenesis of the lung]. PMID- 7222457 TI - [Clinical and x-ray picture of osteoarticular diseases in fattening calves]. AB - During the period 1964-1974, as well as through the application of two industrial experimental tests with the utilization of different technologies and conditions for fattening calves, we carried out clinical, pathoanatomical, biochemical and X ray investigations on the development, state and discomforts of the motor apparatus. It was proved in our observations that there existed: a delayed mineralization with the presence of relative general osteoporosis of the tubular bones, the epiphyses, the apophyses and the peripheric bones (caudal vertebrae, heel and cubit growths, etc.); the appearance of epiphysiolyses and apophysiolyses which were very often accompanied by fractures and dislocations; arthritic processes in the joints of the limbs; partial necrosis and tearings of Achilles' tendons; pus processes in the zone of growth in the case of colienteric disorders; immobilization and premature killing of necessity. We proved the importance of periodic X-ray checks in discovering the disorders of the bone system and the due corrections for balancing the feeding process. PMID- 7222460 TI - [Morphogenesis of Chlamydia]. AB - A morphological investigation was carried out on more than 12 chlamydia strains of avian and mammalian origin, multiplied in chick embryos. A number of investigations were carried out under an electronic microscope, including 674 samples of concentrated and purified chlamydia as well as yolk sacs in ultrathin sections and in negatively contrasted preparations. In the cytoplasm of the cells we proved the presence of a chlamydial matrix, an autonomous synthesis of chlamydial bodies, the morphology and polymorphism of the chlamydiae, as well as the degenerative changes in the endodermal and endothelial cells in the yolk sacs of the chick embryos. Conclusions were drawn out that in the development of chlamydia in the chick embryos no intertransformation of chlamydial bodies and no binary divisions are observed, i.e. there are no proofs of the so-called cycle of development. The development of chlamydia in chick embryos takes place in the form of specific chlamydia morphogenesis which is characterized by an autonomous synthesis and morphogenesis of chlamydia bodies on the basis of a multivacuolated matrix. PMID- 7222458 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in Brucella ovis-infected sheep]. AB - In spontaneously infected with Br. ovis rams, as well as in experimentally infected with the same infection sheep and rams, besides the morphological changes in the epididymis with some part of the animals, we also observed granulomas in the lungs with a specific morphological structure. The presence of Br. ovis was proved in a number of organs such as the epididymis, the seminal ampullae, the lungs, the kidneys, the liver and the myocardium. In spite of the presence of bacteria no morphological changes were observed in the kidneys, the liver and the myocardium. The find of bacteria in the lungs was more frequent rather than the presence of granulomas. PMID- 7222456 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of degenerative processes and developmental anomalies of the spine]. PMID- 7222459 TI - [Fatty acid content in the lipid fraction of pork]. AB - Studies were carried out to determine the contents of fatty acids in the lipid fraction of m. Longissimus dorsi from Bulgarian White pigs having a live weight of 25 to 40 kg. A Varian 2100 gas chromatograph with a flame-ionizing Detector, produced in the USA, was used for determination of fatty acids. It was found that, in the lipid fraction of the muscle studied the average content of myristic acid C14, was 1.25%; of palmitic acid C16, 29.08%; of stearic acid C18, 10.21% of palmitoleic acid C16:1, 3.24%; of oleic acid C18:1, 50.21%; and of linoleic acid C18:2, 6.01%. PMID- 7222461 TI - [Psychrotrophic and coliform microflora of the udder in cows]. AB - A study of the psychrotrophic and coliform microflora over the udders of cows was carried out. It was proved that the way and means of cleaning them exercise a great influence on the composition of the psychrotrophic and coliform microflora. The psychrotrophic flora over the udders consisted of 46.9% of specimens of p. Micrococcus, 8.7%-p. Streptococcus, 8.2% Staphylococcus, 7.4%-Corynebacterium, 2.8%-Saccharomyces, 10%-coliform bacteria, 12.5%-psychrophils, mainly of p. Pseudomonas and p. Flavobacterium. The coliform microflora over the udders consisted of 55.4% of p. Escherichia, 20.8%-p. Citrobacter, 16.8%-Klebsiella and 6.9%-p. Enterobacter. PMID- 7222462 TI - [Humoral immune response of cattle with anaplasmosis]. AB - A study was carried out tracing the humoral and immune response of cows who have suffered from anaplasmosis (A. marginale). Selected antigens were utilized according to the method of McHardy and Gillson in a series of CF and RA serological tests. We studied 75 blood serums from 6 cows, taken periodically in the course of a year. The complement fixation antibodies reached their highest titre between the first and the second month after the infection (1:640) and their lowest titre towards the eleventh/twelfth month (1:40), whereas the agglutinative antibodies reached their highest titre between the second and the third month (1:64) and their lowest titre towards the twelfth month (1:4). PMID- 7222463 TI - [Toxicological studies of Bulgarian activated bentonite]. AB - We studied the endurance of calves, lambs and pigs as well as the acute, subchronic and chronic toxicity for chickens with regard to bentonite of local origin, extra activated in a physico-chemical way. It was proved that the medicine was rather endurable with calves, lambs and pigs without causing intoxication or death after a single internal introduction in doses respectively 4138, 4130 and 1860 mg/kg t. LD0 of the activated bentonite for the chickens in the case of intra-crop application was over 18000 mg/kg t. During a 33-day extra addition to the fodder of chickens in quantities of 2 and 6% and during a 90-day introduction into concentrations 1, 3 and 5% the activated bentonite and not provoke any changes in the behaviour, overall state and in the clinical biochemical and electrolytic composition (Ca, P, K, Na) of the blood, but it caused suppression of growth ranging from 6 to 27% and brought about a higher expenditure of food for a single growth unit ranging from 4.7 to 12.1%. This was also observed when it was added to the morning ration of pigs in doses 1 and 5% (6 and 30 d/pig) without any influence over the health state of the pigs, but it slowed down growth ranging from 17.2 to 21.3% and a lower utilization of the fodder taken by 19 to 26%. PMID- 7222464 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of a new antibiotic preparation, novoolean]. AB - We studied the resorption, the distribution, the duration of retention, as well as the routes of elimination by the organism of the complex antibiotic medicine (novobiocin salt of the oleandomycin). It was proved that after a single muscular injection of doses 20 and 50 mg/kg t the medicine, unlike its constituting components, possesses a retained action and keeps up bacteriostatic concentrations of blood in sheep, rabbits and chickens for a period of 12, respectively 24 hours. No substantial differences were observed between the blood levels created of the different species after the use of equal doses. No resorption was observed (or practically an insignificant one) in the digestive tract of rabbits. After its resorption from the place of its application the 'novoolean' penetrates into all organs studied, tissues and liquids of the organisms of guinea pigs, except for the brain. The longest period of retention is that in the lungs and in the kidneys. It is eliminated by the organism mainly through the urine and the bile secretion, and in the case of the lactating mammals-through the milk. The organism of the treated animals is practically free from 'novoolean' after the fourth day and as to the milk--after the second day of the last intramuscular injection. PMID- 7222465 TI - Mesenteric lymphadenitis due to Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - The histopathological diagnosis of Yersinia enterocolitica infections in mesenteric lymph nodes is described on the basis of biopsy material from 14 cases collected at the Lymph Node Registry in Kiel. In all cases, the aetiological diagnosis was verified by demonstrating significant antibody titres in serological tests and, in two cases, by isolating Yersinia enterocolitica from faeces. The mesenteric lymph nodes showed a rather specific histological picture. In all cases, the capsule was thickened by oedema and stained metachromatically. The cortical and paracortical pulp was always hyperplastic owing to an increase in the number of immunoblasts, plasmablasts, and plasma cells. The sinuses were dilated and filled with intensely basophilic cells that varied in size from small to large (plasmacytoid cells and precursors). Small, or relatively large accumulations of "immature histiocytes" (transformed lymphocytes) were seen in the sinuses in about two thirds of the cases. Occasionally, there were small foci of small histiocytes (emigrated monocytes) in the cortical pulp. An abscess similar to the abscesses found in abscess-forming reticulocytic lymphadenitis due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was evident in only one case. The differential diagnosis is also discussed. The diseases to be considered are mesenteric lymphadenitis due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis or salmonella infection, and nonspecific mesenteric lymphadenitis. PMID- 7222466 TI - An ultrastructural study on the ear cartilage of rabbits after the administration of papain. Appearance of cross-striated collagen segments of an atypical FLS type. AB - Crude papain was administered intravenously to young rabbits and the cartilage of the collapsed ear was examined electron-microscopically. Degeneration and recovery of chondrocytes, and decrease in and recovery of the electron-density of elastic fibers, were observed during the collapse and restoration of the ear. Some samples were stained with ruthenium red. In the collapsed ear, with a marked decrease of proteoglycan in the cartilage, loss of ruthenium red-positive granules was observed in the extracellular matrix. Collagen fibrils in the cartilage appeared to be somewhat increased in number, some of their diameters became slightly greater, and a part were assembled into bundles, occasionally accompanied by periodic cross-striation. Decrease of proteoglycan in the cartilage matrix probably brought about the unmasking and the assembly of collagen fibrils. In one of the experimental animals, collagen fibrous segments of an atypical fibrous long spacing (FLS-)type with symmetrical cross-striation were found around the chondrocytes in the ear cartilage, during the period of recovery. Some kind of the endogenous sulfated carbohydrate may have acted to affect the arrangement of type II collagen or procollagen molecules newly produced by the recovering chondrocytes. PMID- 7222467 TI - Supracellular structural principle and geometry of blood vessels. AB - All the supracellular structures of multicellular organisms are subordinate to a single structural principle. It is a particular space division minimizing the potential energy of the constituent units in a field of mechanical force and is specified as equilibrium space division (ESD). Three-dimensional ESD is characterized by the feature that three faces unite to an edge and four edges converge to a corner, but other geometrical characters are susceptible to variation. Blood vessels are localized predominantly on edges of ESD, so that their geometry depends largely on ESD. ESD is represented approximately by a model of complete space division with uniform beta-tetrakaidecahedra, and some geometrical parameters of blood vessels can be derived theoretically from ESD, partly with the aid of the above-mentioned model. ESD is a statistical process under incomplete restrictions. It is consequently impossible to interpret the morphogenesis of supracellular structures directly from genetic information in a deterministic manner. PMID- 7222468 TI - Sarcomere relaxation and ischaemic myocardial injury. AB - Material from hearts known to have had recent myocardial infarction and biopsies of dog hearts subjected to an experimental procedure producing ischaemic injury, were examined by polarising microscopy. A technique which depends on the relaxation of sarcomeres on ischaemic areas of myocardia was used and assessed for its value in the diagnosis of early myocardial infarction. We found no statistically significant difference in sarcomere lengths in ischaemic and control heart muscle in man. The dog study failed to show changes with a study period of up to 2 h after ligation. We do not support the suggestion that sarcomere length is a useful measurement in the demonstration of early myocardial ischaemic injury in man. PMID- 7222469 TI - The comparative pathology of primary endocardial fibroelastosis in Burmese cats. PMID- 7222470 TI - Astrocytes of the cerebral cortex in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni and in liver cirrhosis. A morphological, quantitative and karyometric study. AB - A morphological, quantitative and karyometric study of astrocytes of the cerebral cortex in patients with liver cirrhosis, hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni and controls is reported. Cell proliferation was commonly seen but there was no significant increase in number of astrocytes in either cirrhosis and schistosomiasis groups. A highly significant increase in astrocyte nuclear volume in cirrhosis and schistosomiasis in relation to controls was observed. The astrocyte average nuclear volume in the cirrhotics was also significantly increased in relation to the schistosomiasis group. From the present data and those reported by other investigators it may be concluded that under normal conditions the astrocyte population is continually reforming and it proliferates in liver cirrhosis and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. It seems that the morphological, quantitative and karyometric astrocyte changes in schistosomiasis may be the result of the same factors as those previously described for liver cirrhosis and experimental portacaval shunt. PMID- 7222471 TI - The fibroblastic nature of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. A tissue culture and ultrastructural study. AB - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans has been considered to be of fibrohistiocytic or fibroblastic origin. The purpose of this paper is to identify the original cell strain from which this neoplasm derives, using tissue culture and electron microscopic methods. Thirteen cases of DFSP characterised by clinical, topographical, histological and behavioral criteria were explanted. The emigrating cells were bipolar with two opposed processed and showed a radial arrangement in respect to the explants. After the second week the distal processes tended to curve back towards the cell body forming flame-like structures. This cell morphology and cellular orientation persisted during the whole life of the culture. Electron microscopy was performed in three cases; the newly grown cells maintained an electron microscopic picture similar to that found in the original tumors. This pattern of behaviour is characteristic of fibroblastic tumors and has been found in explants of normal fibroblasts, of fibromatosis and of fibrosarcomas used as controls. On this basis, we believe that DFSP is a fibrosarcoma of the skin of low grade malignancy. PMID- 7222472 TI - Serum-induced chronic pancreatitis. AB - Clinical research into patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis points to a possible immunopathogenetic process in a number of cases. In order to examine the behaviour between the exocrine pancreas under the influence of anti-rat-pancreas immune serum produced in rabbits, a 1.00 ml immune serum is administered once a week over a maximum 26 week period into Wistar-rats by intraperitoneal injection. By electrone-microscopy a much reduced production of enzymes apparently takes place, though to differing extent. There is also destruction of the basal membrane of acinocytes: the production of interstitial oedema, the new formation of collagen fibres and the proliferation of connective tissue cells. Under a conventional light microscope the first changes become noticeable after 8-12 weeks of study. These take the form of localised cell decay, deterioration and lysis of acinocytes; and an increasing non-specific inflammation. There is also the new formation of connective tissue. After 20-26 weeks the exocrine pancreas is characterised by reduction of parenchyma, acino-ductal metaplasia, chronic inflammatory infiltrates of differing density, fibrous and irregular calibres of the smaller and larger ducts. The findings are almost identical to the structural changes of chronic idiopathic pancreatitis in human beings. The results support the view of an immuno-pathologic aetiology for human chronic idiopathic pancreatitis. PMID- 7222473 TI - Electron microscopic, ultracytochemical and immunohistological observations in Crohn's disease of the ileum and colon. PMID- 7222474 TI - Scanning electron microscopic comparison between the thrombogenic properties of heparinized and non-heparinized vena cava catheters. A long-term study. AB - In an experimental comparative study on rabbits, the efficacy of the reduction of surface thrombus formation was investigated using heparinized central venous catheters compared with non-heparinized. Up to a central indwelling period of ten days, there was a reduction of the thrombus layer thickness on the heparinized catheters of 80% (with a trial duration of three days this was as much as 90%). The action of the stabilized surface heparin, which leads to a substantial thromboresistance, is complex in nature. 1) By intensified adsorption of plasma proteins in the early phase (proteins consist of antithrombin III, factor IX, X and XI), there is very much less thrombocyte adhesion and aggregation on the heparinized catheter surfaces. 2) The externally orientated negative net charge of the heparin shows a similar effect. 3) If there is thrombocyte adhesion despite this, further heparin effects become more prominent. Thus the release of ThF 3 and ADP, which leads to aggregation, is markedly inhibited. On the other hand, this leads to easier dissolution of already aggregated thrombocytes and on the other to a reduction of the catalytic thrombocyte surface for the plasma clotting factors. 4) This effect is supported by the increased adsorption of antithrombin III onto the control surface. 5) Finally there is also an inhibitory effect of heparin on the activated Stuart-Prower factor. Local thrombosis on the venous catheter surface can thus be effectively reduced by local therapy, without greater risks for the intensive care patient. PMID- 7222475 TI - Dissecting aneurysm of the pulmonary artery. AB - Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta is often seen; similar changes in the pulmonary artery are rare. In the German literature they are unknown. 11 previously described cases have been compiled with their clinical and pathological records, and a new added. The patient, a 45 year old woman, suffered from pulmonary hypertension which resulted in medionecrosis and a large aneurysm of the trunk of the pulmonary artery. She died of haemopericardium after rupture of the artery in two stages, with a tear of 8 cm in the trunk which reached to the bifurcation of the vessel. PMID- 7222476 TI - Sindbis virus maturation in cultured mosquito cells is sensitive to actinomycin D. PMID- 7222477 TI - Analyses of Patois group Bunyaviruses: evidence for naturally occurring recombinant Bunyaviruses and existence of immune precipitable and nonprecipitable nonvirion proteins induced in Burnyavirus-infected cells. PMID- 7222478 TI - The influence of bacteriophage T4D short tailfibers on long tailfiber extension. PMID- 7222479 TI - Intracellular distribution and phosphorylation of virus-induced polypeptides in frog virus 3-infected cells. PMID- 7222480 TI - Fusion of Semliki Forest virus with red cell membranes. PMID- 7222481 TI - Immunoprecipitation with two-dimensional pools as a hybridoma screening technique: production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against adenovirus 2 proteins. PMID- 7222482 TI - Socioeconomic differentials and trends in the timing of births. AB - This report contains an analysis of cumulative birth probabilities within first marriages in the United States. Trends and differentials in these probabilities, by race, Hispanic origin, education at first marriage, farm origin, religious preference, and timing of first birth are discussed. The probabilities are shown for specified birth order intervals and age at first marriage or previous birth. PMID- 7222483 TI - Contraceptive utilization: United States, 1976. AB - Statistics, based on data collected in 1976, are presented on the use of contraception by currently married women, never-married women with offspring in the household, and widowed, divorced, and separated women. Women who used contraception are shown by the method of contraception used, according to race and age of the woman and by various socioeconomic characteristics. PMID- 7222484 TI - [Methods of professional teacher training in the military department of a medical institute]. PMID- 7222485 TI - [A teacher training method in the military department]. PMID- 7222486 TI - [Patient examination and treatment method in suppurative surgical infection in a district military hospital]. PMID- 7222488 TI - [Prospects for the development of general anesthesia in dentistry]. PMID- 7222487 TI - [Criteria for optimal infusion and transfusion therapy in massive blood loss]. PMID- 7222489 TI - [Rapid intravenous injections of an isoniazid solution in the combination treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7222490 TI - [Ultrasonic aerosols in the therapy of primary intrathoracic tuberculosis]. PMID- 7222492 TI - [Use of in-flight vibrotactile warning of maximum permissible G-loads]. PMID- 7222493 TI - [Ways of increasing the nonspecific resistance of sailors on cruises]. PMID- 7222494 TI - [Work organization in hospitals]. PMID- 7222491 TI - [Characteristics of health and hygiene inspection of working conditions in print shops]. PMID- 7222496 TI - [Indications for acupuncture reflexotherapy of neurological diseases]. PMID- 7222495 TI - [Assessment of the cardiovascular functional state n coronary arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7222497 TI - [Surgical treatment of alternating concomitant strabismus]. PMID- 7222498 TI - [Treatment of infected wounds in a military construction detachment]. PMID- 7222499 TI - [Use of xenogeneic peritoneum in treating suppurative hand diseases]. PMID- 7222500 TI - [Treatment of chronic tonsillitis]. PMID- 7222501 TI - [Immunological reactivity in pyodermitis]. PMID- 7222502 TI - [Importance of determining cardiac antibodies in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7222504 TI - [Evaluation of the treatment effectiveness in chronic ischemic heart disease at balneological and physical therapy institutions]. PMID- 7222503 TI - [Effect of the water temperature on body irradiation in taking radon baths]. PMID- 7222506 TI - [Physical rehabilitation characteristics of patients with amputation stumps of the legs and concomitant ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7222505 TI - [Prevention of ischemic heart disease at sanatorium based on risk factors. A method of evaluating the results and the initial work experience]. PMID- 7222507 TI - [Results and developmental prospects of radon therapy in the USSR]. PMID- 7222508 TI - [Clinico-electroencephalographic index dynamics as affected by electrosleep in renovascular hypertension after renal artery surgery]. PMID- 7222510 TI - [Experimental basis for using artificial magnetic fields in surgery]. PMID- 7222509 TI - [Effect of iodobromine baths on the stability of blood electrolyte balance indices in experimental atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7222511 TI - [Electrode potentials of acupuncture needles made of different metals]. PMID- 7222514 TI - [Effect of drinking natural radon waters on the adaptation of ischemic heart disease patients to a local physical load]. PMID- 7222512 TI - [Cellular and tissue mechanisms of action of ultraviolet irradiation]. PMID- 7222513 TI - [High-frequency electromagnetic fields and radon baths in the treatment of rheumatism]. PMID- 7222517 TI - [Replacement of the radioactivity and absorbed-radiation dose units]. PMID- 7222515 TI - [Comprehensive treatment of IIa-stage hypertension and coronary arteriosclerosis patients including decimeter waves and aspartic acid electrophoresis]. PMID- 7222516 TI - [UZT-103 ultrasonic apparatus for urological practice]. PMID- 7222518 TI - [Postoperative thrombosis of the deep veins of the legs in cancer patients]. AB - Postoperatively, 50 oncogynecological patients were examined with J125 fibrinogen, and thrombosis of profound crural veins was noted in 62% of them. The thrombosis mostly frequently occurred on both extremities and in the median crus, there is a tendency to its expansion in 40.7% of cases. Four patients with thrombosis of profound crural veins showed the development of thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery branches. Under consideration is the cause of thrombi formation in oncogynecological patients and the role of the former in the genesis of embolic complications. PMID- 7222520 TI - [Report on the activities of the journal Zhurnal Onkologii in 1980]. PMID- 7222519 TI - [Frequency of recurrence and repeated development of ovarian tumors after conservative operations]. AB - Study on the late results of 330 preserving operations for benign ovarian tumors has indicated that the recurrence and redevelopment of the tumor occurs in 13.8% of female patients. In a group of females primarily operated at the age under 45 the development of cancer in a retained ovary was noted in 0.78% of cases, while in the operated patients aged over 45--in 5.2%. It was found that the frequency of recurrences and redevelopment of ovarian tumor is dependent on the extent of surgical intervention and histological structure of the resected neoplasm. The data obtained enabled bilateral ovariectomy to be recommended in menopausal women operated for benign ovarian tumors. The females who underwent resection of the ovary or unilateral ovariectomy should be kept under a dispensary supervision. PMID- 7222521 TI - [Morphogenesis of cancer of the corpus uteri]. AB - Histological assays of the endometrium in females aged over 48 (curettement performed for metrorrhagia, preparations of the corpus uteri cancer and of the uterus, taken from cadavers of persons having no genital lesions) have demonstrated atrophy and transitional mucosa on which background there occurred microadenomatosis foci in some cases. Enhancement of epithelial atypism, its proliferation and larger microadenomatosis foci, microcarcinoma foci allow microadenomatosis to be referred to as precancer proper. PMID- 7222522 TI - [Combination chemotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of disseminated breast cancer]. AB - The results of clinical studies are presented on the combined chemotherapy in spread breast cancer, conducted according to the following three schedules: 1. thiophosphamide, carminomycin, vincristine, ftorafur, prednisolone, 2. diiodobenzoTEPA, carminomycin, vincristine, ftorafur, prednisolone, 3. methotrexate, cyclophosphane, vincristine, ftorafur, prednisolone. The combined chemotherapy in the complex treatment of 91 patients with spread breast cancer was found to be effective in 33-40% of cases. Primary tumors of the mammary gland and metastases in soft tissues, lymph nodes were mostly sensitive to the combined chemotherapy, metastases in bones and visceral organs--less sensitive. Schedules 2 and 3 proved to be the least toxic ones. PMID- 7222523 TI - [Conservative methods of treating breast cancer metastases to the lungs]. AB - An analysis is presented of different routine methods of treatment (radiotherapy, mono- and polychemotherapy; chemo-radiation treatment) used in 77 patients with breast cancer metastases in the lung. According to the data obtained positive results were gained in 53% of cases, a considerable effect being noted in 46% of patients. PMID- 7222524 TI - [Activation of cyclophosphane when stored as a solution]. AB - There was found an effect of nonenzymic activation of cyclophasphane when keeping its solution during 24 hours at 37 degrees C. The products, formed as a result of its hydrolysis, induce chromosome rearrangement in the L-fibroblast culture in vitro while cyclophosphane dissolved immediately before the injection into the cell culture does not show a marked cytogenetic effect. PMID- 7222525 TI - [Reflection coefficients in tumor exposure to high-energy laser radiation]. AB - It was shown that a considerable portion of neodymium laser radiation is reflected by human skin neoplasms and transplantable tumors in mice. Melanomas were found to have lower coefficients of reflection compared with nonpigmented tumors. A reflection capacity of all tumors is increased as the energy per impulse increases. PMID- 7222526 TI - [Transformation and the kinetic cell growth patterns in vitro after exposure to adenovirus SV20 DNA]. AB - Malignant transformation of the normal rat embryo cells has been obtained by monkey adenovirus SV-20 and its DNA. The appearance of the transformed colonies with a multi-layer cell growth was observed at the 28th day. The influence of the growth medium pH on the process of cell transformation has been studied. The kinetic regularities of normal and transformed cells growth were investigated by a cloning assay. PMID- 7222527 TI - [Endoscopic study methods in the diagnosis of the initial forms of cervical cancer in pregnant women]. AB - The data are described, which were obtained in diagnosing the background processes, precancer conditions and preclinical cancer of the uterine cervix based on the examination of 64,000 pregnant women. The following technics have been employed: cytological, colposcopic methods and contact luminescent colpomicroscopy. The final diagnosis was based on the histological findings of the biopsy specimen or the removed cervical conus. The results obtained have shown the examination of curettings from the cervical surface in the uterine ostium region and from the cervical canal to be mandatory in all pregnant women. The complex examination is indicated in case of the cervical pathology, detected by a vaginal speculum or revealed cytologically. PMID- 7222528 TI - [Retrospective analysis of the fluorograms of patients with primary lung cancer]. AB - Poor recognition of early stages of primary lung cancer during fluoroscopic examinations made the authors revise and analyse the archival fluorographs in 60 lung cancer patients, and compare them with the previous conclusions made by roentgenologists. In 23 patients previous fluorographs made during the period from 4 months to 5 years and a half already revealed the changes at the site of the detected cancer, which were interpreted as residual phenomena of pulmonary tuberculosis, postpneumonia pneumosclerosis or unrecognized cases (6) due to poorly manifested changes. Some recommendations are given how to select persons for a dispensary supervision, it is advocated that practising radiologists should examine retrospectively archival fluorographs to study early pulmonary cancer. Also, the problem of identifying malignancy in small forms of the pathology, revealed roentgenologically, is awaiting its solution by research workers of all specialties. PMID- 7222529 TI - [Cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in the USSR]. AB - Some tendencies in the kinetics of the morbidity and mortality rate among the USSR population due to malignant neoplasms of the uterine cervix have been studied for the period of 1970-1977. The age-sex adjusted indices of the morbidity rate are reported as well as the data on the cohorts of women kept under a dispensary control. Some reduction was noted in the morbidity and mortality rate due to cervical cancer among the female population of the USSR and Union Republics. PMID- 7222530 TI - [ABO blood group system in tumors of the female genitalia]. PMID- 7222531 TI - [Selection of risk groups for ovarian tumors]. PMID- 7222532 TI - [Phagocytic activity in breast neoplasms]. PMID- 7222534 TI - [Physical load tolerance in mitral and mitral-tricuspid heart defect patients]. PMID- 7222533 TI - [Roentgeno-surgical heart study in the diagnosis of rheumatic mitral defect]. PMID- 7222535 TI - [Characteristics of the course of rheumatoid arthritis in early childhood]. PMID- 7222536 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of systemic allergic vasculitis]. PMID- 7222537 TI - [Biochemical shifts in the synovial system, muscles and blood in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7222538 TI - [Transformation of clinico-anatomic variants of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7222539 TI - [Indices of streptococcal infectivity in rheumatism]. PMID- 7222540 TI - [Aleutian mink disease as an experimental model of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7222541 TI - [Clinical problems of rheumatoid arthritis for discussion]. PMID- 7222542 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 7222544 TI - [Restricted bone marrow calcification in gout, rheumatoid arthritis and Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 7222543 TI - [Borderline variants of diffuse connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 7222545 TI - [Energy expenditures and the functional state of the neuromuscular system in athletes regulating body weight by use of a low-calorie diet]. AB - The latent period of myoelectric component of locomotor reaction, duration of the myoelectric reaction and amount of bioelectric impulses occurring in the muscles of athletes (wrestlers) and regulating their body weight were examined. It was shown that the regulation of the wrestlers' body weight by means of hypocaloric diet favours the working capacity and functional state of the athletes. In the course of body weight decrease, the daily energy losses were within 3500--4000 kcal. PMID- 7222546 TI - [Intermembrane phospholipid transport and the metabolism of lipid-transporting liver proteins in rats on predominantly carbohydrate nutrition]. AB - Phospholipid transport across the subcellular membranes was shown to be speeded up under prolonged feeding of rats with a high carbohydrate diet including saccharose. The rate of lipid carrying liver protein metabolism increased that resulted in the reduced half-life of the proteins. PMID- 7222547 TI - [Rational utilization of animal fats in nutrition]. AB - New procedures for the treatment of the mixtures of animal fat and vegetable oils (hydrore-esterification and re-esterification) have been developed by oil-fat industry. Introduction of the procedures will make it possible to manufacture fat mixtures with the preset physical constants. These mixtures, therefore, can be used for the production of margarines with improved organoleptic qualities and better biological properties. This is ensured by the maximum balanced level of their fatty acid composition. PMID- 7222548 TI - [Changes in the blood plasma lipid concentration in alcohol exposure]. AB - The relationship has been studied between alcohol intake and changes in plasma lipid content with reference to the epidemiological survey data on 1926 men aged 40--59 years, living in the Petrogradsky district of Leningrad. The increased intake of alcohol gave rise to the elevation in blood plasma of total cholesterol, triglycerides, specifically alpha-cholesterol and its proportion in total cholesterol. It appeared that alcohol intake is dissimilarly related to changes in lipid content in persons with low ( less than or equal to 43 mg %) and high (less than or equal to 73 mg %) content of alpha-cholesterol. In low alpha cholesterol content, the augmentation of cholesterol and triglyceride levels proceeded in parallel to the increased alcohol intake, while in high alpha cholesterol levels, no changes in the lipid concentration were recorded. PMID- 7222549 TI - [Endogenous amino acid imbalance from using different proteins as food in young rats]. AB - Pronounced endogenous amino acid imbalance was seen in liver tissue and blood serum of rats kept from day 15 to day 21 of life on formula liquid diet which contained bovine serum as protein component. No disorders were found in the free amino acid ratio in liver tissue of animals who had received liquid diet in which the protein component was represented by casein (73 %) and milk serum proteins (27 %). The data obtained have been considered from the standpoint of specific requirements to the quality of milk proteins that supply the newborns with indispensable amino acids. PMID- 7222551 TI - [Mechanism of the effect of varying saturation of the rat organism with thiamine on membrane-bound succinate dehydrogenase activity]. AB - The properties of the membrane-bound succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) of rat liver mitochondria were studied in the presence of thiamine excess and deficiency in the body. In acute oxythiamine B1-avitaminosis, the content of phosphatidyl choline in the mitochondria fell and SDH activity was suppressed. After incubation of such mitochondria with a sonicated phospholipid emulsion from egg yolk the activity of the enzyme virtually returned to control values. Incubation of the mitochondria from control rats and animals given thiamine contained by phospholipid emulsion did not affect SDH activity. PMID- 7222550 TI - [Experimental data on milk casein absorption into the blood in the early postnatal period of development]. AB - Blood absorption of unchanged molecules of the food protein casein was studied. Of 18 test serum samples withdrawn from portal blood of a satiated lamb, only 8 contained casein-like protein that had an immunoelectrophoretic mobility of casein and provided a reaction identical to that of casein preparation. Casein hydrolysis products did not interact with anticasein serum. The evidence obtained warrants the conclusion that under normal physiological conditions an insignificant part of casein may be absorbed unchanged by blood from the intestinal lumen during the early postnatal development. PMID- 7222552 TI - [Ascorbic acid content in the blood serum and lymphoid organs in antigenic exposure]. AB - Seven and 14 days following immunization with sheep red blood cells, the guinea pigs incapable of synthesizing ascorbic acid showed its pronounced decrease in blood serum accompanied by elevation of ascorbate content in the thymus and spleen, central organs responsible for immunogenesis. Immunization of rats capable of synthesizing ascorbic acid did not lead to its changes in the blood serum, thymus or spleen. PMID- 7222553 TI - [Effect of flavin coenzymes on the pyridoxine treatment of avitaminosis B6]. AB - Studies on rats with experimental vitamin B6 deficiency have shown that the combined use of pyridoxine and flavine coenzymes affects the supply of rats with these vitamins. Flavine coenzymes have been found to promote more efficient normalization of pyridoxine and riboflavin balance in the body and to improve the general status of the animals, to increase the excretion of riboflavin and 4 pyridoxic acid with urine, to prove more rapid cure of vitamin deficiency. PMID- 7222554 TI - [Effect of vitamin E deficiency and of qualitatively varying dietary fats on the structure of the aorta and of the heart and kidney arteries in rats]. AB - Rats kept for 8 months on vitamin E deficient diet or given butter in an amount of 50 % of the diet caloric value developed similar morphological changes in aortal walls and in intraorgan arteries of the heart and kidneys. These changes marked by derangement of the elastic base of the vascular wall were most pronounced in rats kept on E-avitaminosis diet. In these animals changes in vascular elasticity developed in the presence of the intima edema, occasionally, of the media, formation of the thickening of the vascular wall, appearance of calcinosis areas in it. As a rule, changes in coronary vessels were associated with myocardial structure impairment manifesting in the form of foci of necrosis in the muscle layer, in reparative cellular reaction and foci of substitution sclerosis. PMID- 7222555 TI - [Development of dry acidophilic mixtures for feeding young infants]. AB - A procedure for dry acidophilic mixtures for feeding infants has been devised. Two methods for drying the mixtures, atomization and sublimation, have been studied. Comparative characteristics of the acidophilic mixtures are presented and the time course of self-oxidation of their fatty components during 6-month storage is described. PMID- 7222556 TI - [Hygienic study of polyamide resins intended for use in the food industry and foodstuffs engineering]. AB - It has been established that products manufactured from polyamide resins "anid" can be used in food industry. However, they cannot be applied during manufacture of foods that include alcohol exceeding 20%. Moreover, they cannot be used in technological processes performed at a temperature over 20 degrees C. The products obtained from resin "68" can be used without any limitations whatsoever. PMID- 7222557 TI - [Salmonella infection of meat and meat products]. AB - The paper concerns the results of studying the frequency and degree of infection with Salmonella of diverse meat products including sausage ones. It was established that 10.2 +/- 2.1 % of samples taken from the organs of normal animals for slaughter were infected with Salmonella belonging to 9 serotypes. The most probable number per 1000 g (mpn/1000 g) was 10.5- greater than 322. Analysis of meat products in the course of manufacturing boiled sausage products demonstrated that Salmonella-infected were 44.2 +/- 8.5 % samples (mpn/1000 g 10.5- 92), taken from the starting raw material, 76.3 +/- 6.6 % samples (mpn/1000 g 10- greater than 322) from stuffing, 80.0 +/- 11.1% samples (mpn/1000 g 10.5- 69) from sausages after frying, 6.8 + +3.75 % samples (mpn/1000 g 22-72) from finished sausage. A total of 15 serotypes of Salmonella were detected in the course of study. PMID- 7222558 TI - [Isolation and semiquantitative determination of aflatoxins in grain and oleaginous products]. PMID- 7222559 TI - [Analysis of organophosphate pesticides in food products and biosubstrates by a chromatoenzymatic method]. PMID- 7222560 TI - Biochemical studies on McLeod phenotype erythrocytes. AB - Red cells of the McLeod phenotype in the Kell blood group system have an acanthocytic morphology. The membrane protein composition analyzed on sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the ATP level and the activities of a large number of intracellular enzymes appear to be normal. Membranes prepared from McLeod red cells incubated with gamma AT[32P] and MgCl2 incorporated twice as much radioactivity into spectrin and also showed a slight elevation of phosphorylation in band 3 protein when compared to membranes from normal cells. Intact normal red cells incubated with carrier-free [32P] incorporated radioactivity into several proteins, with most incorporation in spectrin and band 3 protein. In comparison, McLeod cells incorporated three times more radioactivity into spectrin and band 3 protein but increased phosphorylation also occurred in other, but not all, membrane proteins. Intact McLeod red cells also showed increased phosphorylation of membrane phospholipids, but they incorporated [32P] into intracellular nucleotide phosphates in a normal manner. PMID- 7222561 TI - Lewis phenotype of erythrocytes and Leb-active glycolipid in serum of pregnant women. AB - In an attempt to provide an explanation for the previously reported effect of pregnancy on the Lewis phenotype of erythrocytes, the level of Leb-active glycolipid in serum was compared with the reactions of erythrocytes, using samples obtained from 73 nonpregnant women, 74 women at the time of delivery, and 2 women at weekly intervals during their pregnancy. In this Swedish population, the frequency of the Le(a--b-) blood group increased from 11% in nonpregnant women to 36% in women at the time of delivery. Among Le(a--b+) women of all ABO groups, those who were A1 most often became (Leb-) during pregnancy. The change in phenotype occurred as early as the 24th week of gestation; the Leb antigen was again detectable within 6 weeks after delivery. The concentration of Leb glycolipid in serum, as measured by radioimmunoassay, decreased only slightly during pregnancy. The repartition of glycolipids, secondary to the increased ratio of lipoprotein to red cell mass that occurs during pregnancy, may account for the relative lack of Lewis glycolipid on erythrocytes. PMID- 7222563 TI - Selection of plasma for hepatitis B immune globulin using a low cost radioimmunoassay. AB - Polystyrene beads coated with pasteurised polyethylene glycol-precipitated HBsAg were used to detect anti-HBs by a solid phase inhibition assay employing unreacted 125I-anti-HBs which had previously been "processed" by polyethylene glycol precipitation and used to test for the HBsAg. A weak anti-HBs (approximately 0.1 IU/ml) positive control was used to establish a target level of reactivity. 16,035 freshly donated units of blood, a 90-sample coded anti-HBs panel and a selection of hyperimmune globulins were investigated. All positive results were confirmed by a standard commercial assay. Antibody content of selected samples was quantitated in international units. A target level of anti HBs activity is suggested for donor plasma to be fractionated for the production of hepatitis B immune globulin. PMID- 7222562 TI - Red blood cell antibody screening with groupamatic system. II. A two-step haemagglutination technique using a trypsin-polybren-citrate method. AB - The trypsin-polybren-citrate (TPC) technique is based on Lalezari's method and has been developed in the Groupamatic equipment to allow the screening of irregular allo-antibodies which are not detectable on this machine by the present routine techniques. TPC screening has two main advantages: it gives more reliable results for Rh, Kell, Lewis and P antibodies than bromelin-methyl-cellulose, and it permits the screening of Duffy and Kidd antibodies, However, although the TPC technique contributes to an improved quality of the automated screening of blood donor samples, it should not be used as the only method when recipient samples are concerned. PMID- 7222564 TI - [New frontiers in prevention]. PMID- 7222565 TI - [Experience in the treatment of dust-related bronchitis in the machine construction industry]. PMID- 7222566 TI - [Diagnostic importance of studying muscle biopsies in myopathies]. PMID- 7222567 TI - [Amino acid spectrum of the skin in eczema]. PMID- 7222569 TI - [Significance of the initial functional state of the human body for its heat resistance]. PMID- 7222568 TI - [Educational research work of students during the polyclinic cycle of training as interns in therapeutics]. PMID- 7222570 TI - [Effect of industrial factors on the health and productivity of workers]. PMID- 7222571 TI - [Epidemiology and clinical picture of tetanus in Ivano-Frankovsk oblast]. PMID- 7222572 TI - [Clinical characteristics of epidemic gastroenteritis]. PMID- 7222573 TI - [Effectiveness of early health resort treatment of acute viral hepatitis (based on echohepatographic data)]. PMID- 7222574 TI - [Adelphan-esidrex in the treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 7222575 TI - [Effect of hypotensive agents in combination with oxygen on hemocoagulation in hypertension]. PMID- 7222576 TI - [Prevention of hypertension in workers in industry]. PMID- 7222577 TI - [Myocardial morphology in acute coronary insufficiency due to elevated plasma levels of vasopressin]. PMID- 7222578 TI - [Diagnosis of heart neoplasms]. PMID- 7222580 TI - [Experience in the treatment of obliterative endarteritis of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7222581 TI - [Aims of scientific studies on the nutritional health of rural workers in the Ukraine]. PMID- 7222582 TI - [Viability of bone marrow cells preserved in a liquid medium containing polyvinylpyrrolidone]. PMID- 7222583 TI - [Differential diagnostic significance of immunological studies in lung diseases]. PMID- 7222579 TI - [Effectiveness of taking lidocaine per os]. PMID- 7222584 TI - [Immunological changes in arthrosis deformans in older age groups]. PMID- 7222587 TI - [Effect of treatment with Morshin mineral waters and ozocerite applications on changes in the gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis]. PMID- 7222588 TI - [Shape, dimensions and topography of the gallbladder in scoliosis]. PMID- 7222585 TI - [Hemodynamic status in chronic nonspecific lung diseases based on radiocardiographic data]. PMID- 7222586 TI - [Diagnostic value of studying hepatospecific enzymes in the blood in non calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 7222591 TI - [Possibilities of clinical diagnosis of urologic diseases]. PMID- 7222589 TI - [Use of hemocarboperfusion on activated carbon in the complex treatment of acute hepatic insufficiency]. PMID- 7222593 TI - [Ideological education in the medical college]. PMID- 7222592 TI - [Complex treatment of trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 7222594 TI - [Organization of the control over environmental protection and improvement in the Ukrainian SSR and the tasks of the epidemiological health service]. PMID- 7222590 TI - [Effect of health resort treatment on the south coast of the Crimea on lipid metabolism indices in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7222595 TI - [Morphological changes in the respiratory organs in experimental pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 7222596 TI - [Effect of the fat content of the diet on morphological and biochemical changes in the blood]. PMID- 7222597 TI - [State of the intestinal digestive function in convalescents after acute dysentery]. PMID- 7222598 TI - [Problems in improving the economic mechanism in sanatorium and health resort institutions and rest homes]. PMID- 7222599 TI - [Improvement of the information support for practicing physicians in the republic]. PMID- 7222600 TI - [Use of levamisole in the adjuvant therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7222601 TI - [Phytotherapy of cerebral venous insufficiency]. PMID- 7222602 TI - [Liver functional activity in acute cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 7222603 TI - [Blood viscosity and hematocrit indices in arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7222604 TI - [State of humoral and cellular immunity in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7222605 TI - [Auscultation method in the diagnosis of infectious, allergic myocarditis]. PMID- 7222607 TI - [Late results in complicated myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7222606 TI - [Myocardial contractile function and the blood coagulation system in postinfarct patients]. PMID- 7222608 TI - [Hemodynamic disorders in acute myocardial infarct and their correction with droperidol and seduxen]. PMID- 7222609 TI - [Diagnosis of the early disorders of the circulation in the lungs and of tissue metabolism in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7222610 TI - [Prevention of arterial hypertension sailors]. PMID- 7222611 TI - [Subunit ratio in the serum dehydrogenase isoenzymatic spectrum in myocardial infarct and acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7222612 TI - [Comprehensive use of clofelin and triampur compositum in treating hypertension]. PMID- 7222614 TI - [Treatment of chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 7222613 TI - [Meteorological characteristics of stroke morbidity in the city of Kamenets Podolski]. PMID- 7222616 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of modern antiparkinson agents]. PMID- 7222615 TI - [Changes in the ECG and potassium and sodium balance in chronic cardiopulmonary insufficiency in tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 7222617 TI - [Bronchoscopic studies in lung cancer]. PMID- 7222618 TI - [Results of intravenous chemotherapy in destructive pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 7222620 TI - [Cases of lung aplasia]. PMID- 7222619 TI - [Active fraction of isonicotinic acid hydrazide in the blood of tuberculosis patients during its combined use with PAS]. PMID- 7222622 TI - [Evaluation of the physicochemical and biochemical properties of bile in chronic diseases of the hepatobiliary system in the treatment process at health resorts]. PMID- 7222621 TI - [Recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7222624 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and course of extrabulbar duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7222623 TI - [Effect of Bukovina-2 mineral water on the course of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7222625 TI - [Dispensary care of anacidic gastritis]. PMID- 7222626 TI - [Methods of controlling the action of reflexotherapy]. PMID- 7222627 TI - [Structure of the lipid envelope of myxoviruses]. PMID- 7222629 TI - [Preparation of rat ascitic fluids immune to the Sakhalin group viruses (fam. Bunyaviridae)]. AB - A method for preparation of rat immune ascitic fluids (IAF) to arboviruses of the Sakhalin group (the family Bunyaviridae) is described. These IAFs were 2-8-fold more active in the CFT and AGDP tests than similar preparations produced in white mice. Besides, this method is more economic. PMID- 7222630 TI - [Electron microscopic and immunological study of influenza virus interaction with murine peritoneal microphages]. AB - Electron microscopic and immunological investigations of influenza virus HONI interactions with peritoneal macrophages of intact and immune mice were carried out. Both intact and immune macrophages exert phagocytosis and disintegration of virions in phagolysosomes as early as 10 and 30 min after the end of adsorption. This process is most active with eosinophils, less in neutrophils and the least in basophils. Titration of the infectious virus in chick embryos showed that immune macrophages contained considerably less virus than the intact ones. PMID- 7222631 TI - [Deproteinization of the influenza virus by infected cells at 4 degrees C]. AB - The process of influenza virus deproteinization was compared in two systems: chick fibroblasts infected with fowl plague virus (FPV) and MDCK cells infected with WSN virus. The cells were infected with 3H-uridine-labeled viruses. Deproteinization of virus structures was studied at 4 degrees C and after incubation of virus-infected cells at 37 degrees C. At 4 degrees C, the bulk of radioactivity of the original virus was found in the perinuclear cytoplasm (the fraction obtained by treatment of triton X-100-purified nuclei with 0.1 M citric acid) and much less radioactivity was found in the nucleus. After incubation at 37 degrees C the level of radioactivity in the nucleus increased and reached or even exceeded that in the perinuclear cytoplasm. A biophysical analysis of the structures showed the perinuclear cytoplasm to contain subviral particles (SVP) similar to nucleoids as well as RNP with a buoyant density of 1.35 g/ml in cesium chloride. The nuclear extract contained RNP with a buoyant density 1.39-1.41 m/ml. The experimental results indicate that the first stage of deproteinization of virus particles to SVP occurs at 4 degrees C. The second stage of deproteinization, to RNP with a buoyant density 1.35 g/ml, also occurs at a low temperature. PMID- 7222628 TI - [Protein study of simian adenovirus SA-7]. PMID- 7222632 TI - [Transmission of remantadine resistance as a result of successive recombinations of human and animal influenza viruses]. PMID- 7222633 TI - [Physicochemical properties of the Newcastle group bacteriophages]. AB - Physico-chemical properties of dysentery therapeutic-prophylactic Newcastle phages H-I, H-5, H-10, H-22 were studied. The morphology of the phage particles is described; their molecular weight and buoyant density in CsCl were determined by ultracentrifugation. The type of nucleic acids (DNA) was determined. By all the above characteristics and their chemical composition, bacteriophages of the Newcastle group approach T-even phages. PMID- 7222634 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the structural organization of cholera phage C]. AB - Electron microscopy methods were used to determine the main parameters of the structural organization of cholera "C" phage. The particles of the phage were found to consist of a capsid of icosahedral shape and a thin noncontractile process. The capsid with the triangulation number 7 consists of 72 morphological subunits and contains DNA with the molecular weight of (68.16 +/- 1.63) x 10(6) daltons. The process of the phage consists of 216 morphological subunits and ends with a peculiar adsorption apparatus including a distal filament and three fibrils with knobs at the ends. PMID- 7222636 TI - WHO fellowships today. PMID- 7222637 TI - ACMR gives priority to research on mental health and human behaviour. PMID- 7222635 TI - [The course of the protective cellular reactions to the intraperitoneal administration of different influenza virus strains in newborn mice]. AB - The features of response of the macrophagal system in relation to the development of inflammatory reaction caused by PMN-leukocytes in response to intraperitoneal inoculation of newborn white mice with various influenza virus strains of different degrees of attenuation were studied. With the A2/Frunze/76 virus highly toxic for mice the protection was exerted mostly by neutrophils whereas the participation of macrophages in host resistance under these conditions was comparatively small. With the decline of inflammatory PMN-reaction upon intraperitoneal inoculation of A2/Leningrad/337/76 virus the number and functional activity of macrophages participating in the reaction increased. Within one strain, variants in low passage levels produced greater inhibition of acid phosphatase activity in macrophages as compared with highly passaged viruses. The increased resistance of the macrophage system appeared to prevent to a certain degree the development of inflammation and contributed to a decrease of the pathological process. PMID- 7222638 TI - Voyage towards health in South-East Asia. PMID- 7222639 TI - Monitoring vaccine storage temperatures. PMID- 7222641 TI - Use in tropical areas of a portable kit for rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. PMID- 7222640 TI - The mother's card: a simplified aid for primary health workers. PMID- 7222642 TI - The Kira Kira "resuscitaire". PMID- 7222644 TI - Diagnosing pancreatic cancer--an analysis of several strategies. AB - The usefulness of a clinical examination was compared with several other procedures (ultrasonography, pancreatic function tests, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and angiography) for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. We used a simplified form of decision analysis to show the effects of different strategies on direct diagnostic costs, missed diagnoses and false-positive diagnoses. Our analysis indicates that existing laboratory tests are either too non-specific or too invasive to be used successfully as screening tests for pancreatic cancer. To decrease the number of unnecessary laparotomies due to false-positive test findings, patients should have a high probability of pancreatic cancer, based on clinical criteria, before further testing is carried out. In fact, existing clinical criteria are both sensitive and specific for pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7222643 TI - Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: surgical aspects. AB - Patients with thyroid nodules must be treated selectively because these nodules develop far more frequently than does thyroid cancer. A thorough clinical history, family history and history of radiation, as well as an accurate physical examination, are very important in determining whether surgical treatment is indicated. Thyroid function tests, a radioactive isotope scan, a thyroid echogram and fine-needle biopsy are also useful. Although there is considerable debate concerning the amount of thyroid tissue that should be removed at operation, the minimal procedure for a "cold," solid thyroid nodule is a total thyroid lobectomy and isthmectomy. This is the treatment of choice for patients with occult papillary thyroid carcinoma. Partial lobectomy is to be discouraged. Near total or total thyroidectomy should be considered for all other patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Many factors influence the prognosis of patients with thyroid cancer including age, sex, type of thyroid cancer, invasion, symptoms, lymph node metastasis, metastasis to distant sites, extent of the surgical procedure, and use of radioactive iodine and thyroid hormone. With adequate treatment, the prognosis for differentiated thyroid carcinoma is excellent. PMID- 7222645 TI - Thallium 201 scintigraphy. AB - The radioactive isotope thallium 201 behaves physiologically as a potassium analog, and when injected intravenously accumulates rapidly within the cells of many organs. Uptake of the isotope reflects both regional perfusion and sodium potassium pump activity. The radionuclide emits 80 keV x-rays which are suitable for scintillation camera imaging. The main clinical application of (201)TI scintigraphy has been in myocardial imaging. Abnormal uptake of the isotope results in a cold spot on the myocardial image. In patients with coronary artery disease, the differentiation of ischemic and infarcted myocardium is made by comparing images obtained after injecting the radionuclide at the peak of a maximal exercise test with those obtained after injection at rest. Abnormalities due to ischemia usually are seen only on the stress image whereas fixed defects in both rest and stress studies usually indicate areas of infarction or scarring. Some investigators believe that redistribution images obtained four to six hours after stress injection (without administering further (201)TI) give the same information as a separate rest study. The sensitivity of stress imaging for detecting significant coronary disease is of the order of 80 percent to 95 percent, though computer processing of the images may be necessary to achieve the higher figure. The prediction of the extent of coronary disease from (201)TI images is less reliable. An abnormal (201)TI image is not entirely specific for coronary artery disease and the likelihood of an abnormal image being due to this diagnosis varies according to the clinical circumstances. The main clinical value of (201)TI myocardial imaging is likely to be in the noninvasive screening of patients with atypical chest pain or with ambiguous findings on stress electrocardiographic tests. It has also proved useful in studying patients with variant angina or following a coronary bypass operation. It is doubtful whether the technique is clinically helpful in most patients with suspected or established acute myocardial infarction. Imaging of organs other than the heart with (201)TI has received much less attention but has been reported in patients with peripheral vascular disease and various primary and secondary neoplasms. PMID- 7222648 TI - Significant others in patient care. PMID- 7222646 TI - Cavernous sinus thrombosis. PMID- 7222650 TI - Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. PMID- 7222647 TI - Schistosomiasis: recent developments in immunology and treatment. PMID- 7222649 TI - Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: other aspects. PMID- 7222651 TI - Tuberculous otomastoiditis: an old disease renewed. PMID- 7222653 TI - On the etiology of the holistic pseudoschism. PMID- 7222652 TI - Hypercalcemia, pneumothorax and pneumoperitoneum in a patient with pulmonary mycobacteriosis and esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 7222654 TI - Brompton mixture taken intravenously by a heroin addict. PMID- 7222655 TI - Unusual pelvic pain apparently cured by pelvic examination. PMID- 7222657 TI - Nationalized Health Care--an American solution. PMID- 7222659 TI - Congestive cardiac failure in a 20-day-old infant. PMID- 7222658 TI - A biopsychosocial approach to surgical evaluation and outcome. AB - There is increasing necessity for including an evaluation of psychosocial as well as biomedical factors when assessing the need for surgical intervention and its possible outcomes. Potential problems between patient and surgeon can arise when these factors are not taken into account. Recent behavioral science literature supports the use of a conceptual framework and concise clinical method for evaluating psychosocial factors and negotiating treatment with a patient. Such a method may be useful in reducing patient-surgeon conflicts and the negative outcomes (such as patient noncompliance, dissatisfaction, medical-legal suits and poor patient care) that can result when such an assessment is not mutually discussed. PMID- 7222656 TI - Measurement of physicians' performance using existing techniques. AB - Existing techniques permit objective and valid measurement of limited elements of physicians' performance. These limited aspects, however, are of considerable importance to patients. The basic components of performance in medicine and surgery can be defined and used as the basis of organized programs for such evaluation. Interhospital comparisons can provide an effective impetus for assessing and improving performance of individual staff members when this is indicated. Professional auspices are needed for the development and application of methods that can provide continuing assurance that the clinical activity of physicians corresponds to contemporary standards.A system of incentives should be provided to physicians to promote their participation in voluntary programs of self-assessment. The incentives should be in the form of performance assessment credits, comparable in definition to continuing medical education credits, but granted for participation in an accredited program that objectively measures physicians' performance against national standards of the respective specialty. PMID- 7222660 TI - Improved quality of life following a Kock continent ileostomy. PMID- 7222661 TI - Breast reconstruction for premalignant and malignant disease--an update. AB - New concepts in the control of breast cancer and improvements in plastic surgery techniques have facilitated subsequent breast reconstruction. In a six-year period 72 breast reconstructions were carried out in 57 women after surgical treatment for premalignant or malignant breast disease and, in some cases, radiation therapy. The average age of the patients was 48 years and the average interval between the primary cancer operation and breast reconstruction was 42 months. Our experience in these cases has been free of serious complications. PMID- 7222662 TI - The use of fibrinolytic agents. PMID- 7222665 TI - Human pulmonary dirofilariasis in the West. PMID- 7222664 TI - Immunoglobulin D myeloma: report of a case with unusual neurological complications. PMID- 7222666 TI - Severe lactic acidosis and hypothermia. PMID- 7222667 TI - Physician attitudes toward distressed colleagues. AB - Attitudes and behaviors of physicians toward their impaired colleagues often affect whether the latter seek treatment. Negative responses include (1) silence, usually based on anxiety, ignorance and pessimism; (2) tentative responses based on stereotyped assumptions or distraction by organic problems; (3) judgmental responses that may result in mutual avoidance, and (4) permissive responses that encourage continued use of alcohol or other drugs. Positive responses include (1) confrontation in a concerned, constructive manner as early as possible; (2) assistance to the impaired colleague in obtaining treatment, and (3) education and information sharing to increase awareness of potential and real problems. Educational programs can help physicians develop more positive attitudes toward both impaired colleagues and impaired patients. The emphasis is on active participation. The goals of these programs should include optimism about therapy, using structured treatment approaches that include paraprofessionals and formerly impaired physicians on the treatment team, and the development of confrontational skills on the part of each physician. PMID- 7222668 TI - Care of mildly ill children enrolled in day-care centers: management by parents and by trained home workers. AB - Because child day-care regulations exclude ill children, parents are frequently faced with problems in finding an alternative care arrangement. This pilot study compares home care of mildly ill children by parents (46 preschool children) with care by trained home workers (23 preschool children) during 20 weeks in 1977. Episodes of illness in children cared for by trained home workers showed a slightly shorter duration (median 3.0 days, range 2 to 11 days versus median 5.2 days, range 2 to 14 days) and a less severe course (fewer and milder signs of illness) when compared with episodes of illness in children cared for by parents. Other selected activities involved in the management of the mildly ill children were comparable. Although larger studies are needed, it appears that if parents desire an alternative care arrangement for their children during mild illness, care by a trained home worker may be convenient and safe. PMID- 7222669 TI - Amygdalin toxicity studies in rats predict chronic cyanide poisoning in humans. AB - Significant amounts of cyanide are released when amygdalin (Laetrile), a cyanogenic glycoside, is given orally or intravenously to rats. The amount of cyanide liberated following oral administration is dependent in part on the bacterial flora of the gut and can be suppressed by antibiotic pretreatment of the animals. Bacteria from human feces likewise hydrolyze amygdalin with release of cyanide. Humans taking amygdalin orally in the hope of preventing cancer are likely to be exposed to levels of cyanide in excess of that associated with the development of tropical ataxic neuropathy in people of underdeveloped countries where food containing cyanogenic glycosides is a staple part of the diet. PMID- 7222663 TI - Seronegative spondylarthritis. PMID- 7222671 TI - [Smoking habit in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7222673 TI - [Acid-base imbalance in the cerebrospinal fluid and arterial blood after brain concussion]. PMID- 7222674 TI - [Attempted suicide among adolescents]. PMID- 7222672 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of therapeutic value of depot-medrol, administered extradurally, in lumbar discopathy]. PMID- 7222670 TI - [Incidence of arrhythmia and conduction disorders in hospitalized patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7222675 TI - [Prolonged Q-T syndrome]. PMID- 7222677 TI - [2 cases of toxic liver damage, caused by glycol, simulating initially acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7222676 TI - [Autonomic nervous system of the myometrium]. PMID- 7222679 TI - [Type V hyperlipoproteinemia with generalized skin changes (xanthoma eruptivum disseminatum) in diabetes]. PMID- 7222678 TI - [Case of Goodpasture's syndrome with ocular and skin manifestations]. PMID- 7222680 TI - [Sialorrhea in pregnancy]. PMID- 7222681 TI - [Case of gonadoblastoma in a multipara]. PMID- 7222683 TI - [Preliminary studies on the blood and amniotic fluid thyroid hormone levels in the 1st trimester of normal pregnancy]. PMID- 7222684 TI - [Malpractice in anesthesiology]. PMID- 7222685 TI - [Thymogenic mediastinal cyst]. PMID- 7222682 TI - [Problem of Gerstmann's syndrome]. PMID- 7222686 TI - [Case of embryonal sarcoma of the chest wall]. PMID- 7222687 TI - [Case of pulmonary blastoma in a newborn infant]. PMID- 7222688 TI - [Case of gastric leiomyoma causing temporary pyloric obstruction]. PMID- 7222689 TI - [Multiple non-parasitic liver cysts]. PMID- 7222692 TI - [Case of metastasis of primary bronchial cancer into the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7222690 TI - [Case of late generalized infection after splenectomy]. PMID- 7222691 TI - [Renal vein thrombosis diagnosed erroneously as kidney neoplasm]. PMID- 7222693 TI - [Primary thyroid cancer with the symptoms of multiple-organ metastases and miliary dissemination into the lungs]. PMID- 7222695 TI - [Disseminated embryonal sympathoblastoma in children]. PMID- 7222696 TI - [Extensive papillary carcinoma of the ureter]. PMID- 7222697 TI - [Smoking as a health hazard in Poland]. PMID- 7222694 TI - [Case of cured non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the palatine tonsil]. PMID- 7222698 TI - [Psychopathological manifestations in the early diagnosis of cerebral tumours in children (author's transl)]. AB - The psychopathology of cerebral tumours in childhood is divided into syndromes of diminished consciousness, diffuse organic psychosyndromes, regression or retardation and local cerebral psychosyndromes. 15 unselected paediatric patients suspected of having a cerebral tumour owing to psychiatric symptoms were admitted for psychopathological and psychopathometric investigations. It is not possible to detect connections between symptoms and localisation by psychopathological examinations, but skill disorders serve as early unmistakeable pointers to local cerebral lesions. Specific differentiation of psychopathometric investigations give an indication of possible future improvements in tumour localisation. PMID- 7222699 TI - [Neurological and psychiatric manifestations in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The questions of a causal connection between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and neurological psychiatric diseases is discussed on the basis of the case reports of two patients and a review of the literature. Since a causal connection can be assumed in the reported cases it is suggested that infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections should be included in the differential diagnosis of aetiologically unclarified meningoencephalitis, polyradiculitis, and organically based psychoses. PMID- 7222701 TI - [Correlation between clinical and angiographic findings in cases of transient cerebral circulatory disturbances (author's transl)]. AB - The results are presented of angiographic investigations in 85 patients suffering from transient ischaemic cerebral circulatory disturbances. Transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) were observed in 45 patients, reversible ischaemic neurological defects of longer duration (PRIND) were diagnosed in 40 patients. The mean age of all patients at the time of angiography was 49.9 years. Transfemoral cerebral panarteriography was performed in all cases, including studies both of the aortic arch and of the cranio-cervical vessels. The mean interval between the first manifestation of cerebrovascular disease and angiographic investigation was approximately 2 years. 10.6% of all patients showed normal angiograms; in 35.3% of all cases diffuse vessel wall alterations were found; 37.6% showed minor stenoses (vessel diameter reduced to 80-34%), whilst 16.5% showed major stenoses (vessel diameter reduced to 33-1%) or occlusions. There was poor correlation between clinical-neurological localization of the ischaemic lesion and the angiographically-verified stenoses or occlusions. The angiographic findings corresponded to the clinically affected regions in only 52.2% of all patients suffering from stenoses of occlusions. A good correlation was found in 71.4% of the cases when only major stenoses and occlusions were evaluated. Consequently, angiographic studies of the aortic arch, as well as of all extra- and intracranial vessels are a precondition for the surgical treatment of the cranio cervical vessels in every patient. It is possible by these means only to achieve a comprehensive assessment of the haemodynamic processes in the cerebral circulation. PMID- 7222700 TI - [Comments on developmental psychology and some reflections on disorders of psychosexual development (author's transl)]. AB - An attempt must be made to deal with the emotionally disturbed person in the test area of various social relationships, in order to learn to understand better the "language" of his symptoms. Moreover, Adler, Freud and Lorenz taught us to pay special attention to child development. This paper tries to project sexually disordered development on to a scale of emotional qualities differentiated from early childhood emotions. Emotional scaling of sexual information, which is perceived and interpreted according to cognitive development of the child, is influenced by parental attitudes and opinions. In particular, miscarried early childhood object relations endanger the "acquisition" of the sexual object and psychosexual identity. PMID- 7222702 TI - [Comparison between the effects of L-dopa, prodipine and amantadine on the serum and CSF amino acid levels in Parkinson's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with different antiparkinsonian drugs and the amino acid levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were determined. Results obtained in 43 patients (L-dopa [26]; prodipine [6]; amantadine [11]) are reported. All drugs investigated produced an increase in amino acids in serum and in CSF, this enhancement being most pronounced for neutral, long-chain amino acids. Amantadine, however, showed this effect for a short period, only. Our results lead us to assume that this increased pool of amino acids in the CSF facilities the biosynthesis of amines with transmitter function from their precursor amino acids. PMID- 7222703 TI - [Natural history and operative treatment of intracranial aneurysms after subarachnoid haemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - This report presents an evaluation of prognosis in 227 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by intracranial aneurysm, comparing operative treatment in 118 patients with conservative treatment in 109. In all operable cases, the prognosis following early surgery was better than that of conservative treatment. Statistical comparison of patient groups according to the clinical condition allowed the formation of guidelines for the optimal timing of surgery: patients in good clinical condition should be operated on at the earliest possible moment. The overall mortality with such a policy is lower than with a waiting policy, since the majority of recurrences occurred within 2 weeks. Patients with disturbed consciousness and neurological deficit are best operated on either within 24 hours or following stabilization or improvement of the clinical picture -- mostly after 2 weeks. The risk of rebleeding is much lower in these cases, which justifies awaiting optimum clinical conditions. Surgery on comatose patients is contraindicated. PMID- 7222704 TI - [A severe case of acute malaria tropica--haemolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (author's transl)]. AB - The case is reported of a 24-year old male patient, who was infected with Plasmodium falciparum during prolonged touch-down at Maputo and Dar-es-Salaam on returning from Lesotho (South Africa), a non-endemic areas. Severe haemolysis, anaemia, myocardiopathy, renal insufficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and mild encephalopathy occurred. The patient's condition was very serious, but he responded rapidly to chloroquine, heparin, fibrinogen and other intensive medication and was soon discharged, fully cured. PMID- 7222705 TI - [Partial monosomy and trisomy 5 p due to balanced translocation t (3,5) in the father (author's transl)]. AB - A family with three retarded children is described. The phenotypical features of the eldest girl are uncharacteristic, whereas both other girls show the typical symptoms of the Cri-du-chat syndrome. Cytogenetic examination showed a balanced translocation t (3,5) in the father and partial trisomy 5 p and monosomy 5 p in the two surviving daughters. PMID- 7222707 TI - [Granulomatous placentitis in toxoplasmosis (author's transl)]. AB - A case is reported of granulomatous placentitis due to Toxoplasma infection, which led, like two similar cases reported in the literature to abortion within the first half of pregnancy. The author tries to interpret the pathogenesis of this rare type of reaction. In view of the early onset of infection a complete immune response of the fetus in this state of development appears unlikely. The question arises whether maternal immuno-competent cells might be responsible for this mature immune reaction, which took the form of granulomatous inflammation of the placenta. A prerequisite for this type of reaction is considered to be prolonged retention of vital placental tissue in the uterus in intra-uterine death of the fetus or complete abortion. PMID- 7222706 TI - [Ocular manifestations of temporal arteritis (author's transl)]. AB - A report is presented of 15 patients with ocular manifestations of temporal arteritis. Ophthalmoscopy revealed anterior ischaemic neuropathy of the optic nerve in 12 patients, occlusion of central retinal artery in 2 cases and secondary atrophy of the optic nerve in 1 patient. No involvement of eye muscles of other ocular complications were seen. 10 patients showed occult temporal arteritis, whilst classical features were present in 5 patients. The diagnosis was proven histologically, and high-dosage cortisone therapy was instituted. 13 out of the 15 patients could be saved from blindness of both eyes. Temporal arteritis is an ophthalmological emergency which requires immediate diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 7222708 TI - [Prognosis of panmyelopathy: a retrospective study (author's transl)]. AB - 45 patients with pancytopenia were admitted and treated at the 1st Department of Medicine, University of Vienna, between 1972 and 1978. Retrospective analysis disclosed a significantly longer survival time in association with a hypercellular bone-marrow smear. These patients showed a higher incidence of remission with cortisone anabolic therapy, but more often developed acute leukaemia as well. The median survival time of patients with pancytopenia and a hypocellular or blank marrow was five months. This group of patients should, therefore, be considered for early bone-marrow transplantation. PMID- 7222709 TI - [Meningitis in generalized sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. AB - Case report on a severe meningitis in a 15 years old patient, who showed at first the clinical signs of a tuberculosis meningitis. Anamnesis, further clinical observation and investigation after subsiding of the meningitis gave convincing arguments for a generalized sarcoidosis. Preexisting diencephalic disturbances favoured the diagnosis of a meningo-encephalic type of sarcoidosis. Problems of diagnosis and therapy are discussed. PMID- 7222710 TI - [Indication for adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy in children]. PMID- 7222715 TI - [The treatment of diseases of the hair and nails]. PMID- 7222713 TI - [Diaper rash]. PMID- 7222714 TI - [Mitigated neurogenic bladder (author's transl)]. AB - The mitigated neurogenic bladder is gaining increasing significance in the investigation of children suffering from recurrent therapy-resistant infection of the urinary tract or enuresis. It is found in 33 to 48% of these cases and refers to isolated functional disorders of the bladder, which do not correspond to any neurological pattern. Morphological changes, if found, only occur as a result of functional changes. The functional correlations, diagnosis and therapy are discussed together with the description of 3 cases. PMID- 7222712 TI - [Malformations and anomalies of the foot]. PMID- 7222717 TI - [Long term results after funnel chest reconstruction (author's transl)]. AB - The results of 25 funnel chest operations are reported. All patients have been treated by a modified Ravitch method. Fixation of the anterior chest wall was achieved by inserting two metal wires. Cosmetic and functional results were critically examined postoperatively. For clinical assessment the cardiorespiratory and ergometric tests were analysed. Cosmetic results were graded by the classification of Hecker. All patients showed a very good cosmetic result. The functional situation could be improved only partially. PMID- 7222716 TI - [Standardized process of examination of gallbladder and bile ducts with regard to a new radiological aspect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222711 TI - [Ophthalmologic surgery in children]. PMID- 7222718 TI - [Comparison of the efficacy of diflunisal and acetylsalicylic acid in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - Diflunisal, a new difluorophenyl derivative of salicylic acid was compared with acetylsalicylic acid in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a double-blind study during 8 weeks. All patients who had taken Diflunisal and showed a good therapeutic response were treated with Diflunisal over additional 24 weeks. Diflunisal showed a statistically significant better efficacy than acetylsalicylic acid in all subjective and objective parameters. Above all the grip strength improved greatly in the Diflunisal group. In the patients who were included in the following 24 week study with Diflunisal the successful treatment could be continued through the whole study period. Day-pain and morning stiffness showed statistically significant improvement. Side effects appeared during the double-blind study only in the acetylsalicylic acid group. The results of the study showed Diflunisal in an average dosage of 500 to 1000 mg per day to be a useful drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis not least due to the negligible side effects. PMID- 7222720 TI - To help the mentally ill. PMID- 7222719 TI - Do doctors live longer than the rest of us? PMID- 7222721 TI - Chronic mental illness, what it is and what it means. PMID- 7222722 TI - Recognition and management of affective disorders by the nonpsychiatric physician. PMID- 7222723 TI - Some legal issues concerning access to care. PMID- 7222724 TI - The child and the law--a clinical dilemma. PMID- 7222725 TI - Barriers to treatment for private-pay patients. PMID- 7222726 TI - Inhibition of housefly oxidative detoxication by phthaleins, fluoresceins and related compounds. AB - 1. Phenolphthalein, halogenated fluoresceins, and other triphenylmethane and diphenylmethane derivatives inhibited biphenyl hydroxylation, aldrin epoxidation and several O-dealkylations in insect abdomen homogenates. Phenolphthalein and eosin (50 muM) were 2-3 times more effective than SKF 525-A and piperonyl butoxide (50 muM) as inhibitors of biphenyl hydroxylation in vitro. 2. The phthaleins, Aurin and Aluminon, inhibited both epoxidation and hydroxylation to similar extents, but fluoresceins, Rhodamine B, Malachite Green, and basic diphenylmethane derivatives preferentially inhibited hydroxylation. 3. Tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester and bis-(N-dimethyl-4-aminophenyl-methane inhibited biphenyl hydroxylation in vivo. Bis-(N-dimethyl-4-aminophenyl) methane synergized the toxic effects of 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate in live houseflies. PMID- 7222727 TI - Metabolic fate of noscapine. III. Further studies on identification and determination of the metabolites. AB - 1. From the urine of rats, rabbits and humans treated with noscapine, two novel metabolites were isolated and identified as 7-hydroxy-6-methoxyphthalide (MA-1) and 6-hydroxy-7-methoxyphthalide (MA-2), mainly by mass spectrometry. 2. MA-2 (free and conjugated) amounted to 8.5% dose in rats (n=2) and 1.7% dose in rabbits (n=2) during the first 48 h. In humans, MA-2 was excreted in amounts of 6.0 to 10.3% dose in the first 24 h urine (three men and a woman), although one woman excreted 52.5% dose as MA-2 during the same period. In all three species MA 2 was excreted 10 times more as conjugates than as the free metabolite. MA-1 was excreted only in trace amounts in the urines of three species. 3. In rabbits, the drug was metabolized also to 1-alpha-methyl-8-methoxy-6,7-dihydroxy-1-(6,7 dimethoxy-3-phthalidyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (4.6% dose, conjugated only) using g.l.c.-mass spectrometry. This metabolite was excreted conjugated at 0.6 to 5.2% dose in five human subjects, but was not detected in rats. 4. Three 0 demethylated metabolites of noscapine, previously reported, were determined using g.l.c.-mass spectrometry. The total demethylated metabolites (free and conjugated) amounted to 0.2%, 4.0% and 0.1-1.5% dose, respectively, in rats, rabbits and humans (n=5) in the first 24 h urine. PMID- 7222728 TI - Pindolol: disposition and metabolism in rhesus monkeys after chronic treatment. AB - 1. The absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of pindolol were studied in rhesus monkeys after a single oral dose of 2.5 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg and after a chronic treatment of 5 years at the same daily dosage. 2. The pharmacokinetic parameters were the same for animals which received pindolol for the first time, and animals which underwent the 5 years' chronic treatment. An elimination half-life of 1.5 to 1.9 h was estimated in plasma for unchanged pindolol. 3. The distribution pattern of unchanged pindolol determined fluorimetrically, as well as total 14C in the tissues, following administration of [14C]pindolol showed no difference between a single dose and 5 years of chronic treatment. No accumulation of pindolol or metabolites was detected in the tissues of chronically treated animals. A mean elimination half-life of 10h was evaluated in 21 organs. 4. Acutely dosed and chronically treated rhesus monkeys showed the same metabolic pattern in urine. There was no evidence for induction or inhibition of the metabolism of pindolol. PMID- 7222729 TI - Paracetamol and the isolated perfused kidney: metabolism and functional effects. AB - 1. Renal metabolism of paracetamol has been studied in the isolated perfused rat kidney. 2. The major metabolites of paracetamol normally observed in vivo were present in low concentrations in the urine of the isolated perfused rat kidney. 3. Paracetamol was bound covalently to kidney protein in a linear relationship to dose up to 31.9 mM paracetamol in the perfusate. 4. Using Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the apparent Km of 5.5 mM and Vmax of 139 nmol/h/g wet wt. for renal paracetamol oxidation were observed. 5. Concn. of paracetamol greater than 14.2 mM induced immediate diuresis and diminished sodium reabsorption. Lower concn. were without effect on function. PMID- 7222730 TI - Metabolism of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), a new antitumour agent, in rats, rabbits and dogs. AB - 1. 1-Hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluoro[6-14C]uracil (14C-HCFU) administered orally to rats, rabbits and dogs at a dose of 20 mg/kg was well absorbed and rapidly excreted via the kidney. 2. HCFU was extensively biotransformed, and its six metabolites including two new metabolites were detected in plasma and urine of all three species. Two new metabolites were identified by spectral analysis as 1-(5 hydroxyhexylcarbamoyl)5-fluorouracil and 1-(5-oxohexylcarbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil. 3. The metabolic pathways of HCFU in the three species involved oxidations and scission of the side-chain with successive degradation of the fluorouracil (FU) released. 4. The two main routes of oxidations of the side chain were omega oxidation and omega-1-oxidation. Rats metabolized HCFU preferentially by the former reaction, while in rabbits and dogs the latter reaction predominated. PMID- 7222732 TI - Absorption and metabolism of anitrazafen, a topically effective anti-inflammatory agent, in the rat. AB - 1. The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of anitrazafen, a topically effective anti inflammatory agent, have been investigated in the rat after oral, subcutaneous and topical administration. 2. [14C]Anitrazafen is rapidly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and subsequent metabolism is rapid and extensive; biliary excretion is the major route of elimination. After subcutaneous or topical administration, elimination of [14C]anitrazafen was delayed due to a slower rate of systemic absorption. 3. Pharmacokinetic studies confirmed these results. After oral administration peak concn. of parent drug were attained within 1 h; plasma concn. of 14C were an order of magnitude greater than those of unchanged drug. The apparent volume of distribution of anitrazafen was high (112l/kg) consistent with observed tissue 14C concentrations. Subcutaneous administration resulted in delayed absorption but with maximum bioavailability of parent drug. Absorption was slowest following topical application. 4. Anitrazafen was extensively metabolized in rats. No unchanged drug was found in excreta. The most important mechanism of biotransformation was oxidative O-demethylation, with glucuronide or sulphate conjugates of two isomeric mono-O-demethylated and the di-O-demethylated analogues of anitrazafen, as metabolites. PMID- 7222731 TI - Quantification of naphthyl conjugates. Comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography and selective enzyme hydrolysis methods. AB - 1. An h.p.l.c. method for the simultaneous determination of naphthol, naphthyl glucuronide and naphthyl sulphate in urine is described. This procedure is based on the selective formation of an ion pair between the sulphate conjugate and tetrabutyl lammonium, which allows its resolution from the glucuronide on a reverse phase column. 2. The h.p.l.c. method is sed to assess the selective enzyme hydrolysis method which is frequently employed in drug conjugate assays. Results suggest that the use of sulphatase and beta-glucuronidase may give data which are quantitatively and qualitatively erroneous. PMID- 7222733 TI - [Preliminary results of a pilot study on the optimisation and clinical examination of the "oxygen-multistep-therapy (O2Mt)" (author's transl)]. AB - It is reported about the preliminary results of a first clinical examination of O2MT in 46 patients. The "regeneration effect of O2MT" (v. Ardenne) is represented as an increase of resting values of arterial oxygen tension (PO2a), which demonstrable in about 2/3 of the patients. This effect continues more than 3 months after the end of O2MT. It is succeeded by "prophylactic and therapeutic effects, which were discussed as an improvement of cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular efficiency. The O2MT is suggested as a new treatment-method in premorbidities, who evolved out a "latent hypoxemia", especially for the use of preventive-treatment and gerontology-therapy. PMID- 7222734 TI - Epidemiological study of myocardial infarction and cerebral apoplexy in survival and deceased subjects. AB - The risk factors for myocardial infarction and cerebral apoplexy were retrospectively studies on residents in a city with the population of 100,000. The average age of the deceased subjects was relatively high in myocardial infarction compared with other diseases studied in this report. Hypercholesterolemia was also found in case of the deceased myocardial infarction. The most important risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage was hypertension. Serum cholesterol in the deceased subjects with cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral thrombosis was elevated 10% during the last decade of the study whereas in myocardial infarction it remained unchanged. PMID- 7222735 TI - [10 years - investigations of lipid-metabolism-parameters in the longitudinal study of Leipzig (author's transl)]. AB - As part of the longitudinal gerontological study conducted in Leipzig, cholesterol and the fatty acid spectrum in the serum were determined (by gas chromatography) in 158 cases (46 men, 112 women) at intervals between 2 and 4 years over the period from 1968 to 1978. During the 10-year period the statistical values showed a definite increase in the percentage of cholesterol and linoleic acid. As a result of the significant decrease in the palmitic acid values, the saturated fatty acid percentages as a whole dropped despite an increase in stearic acid. The general trend was toward the elimination of differences between men and women and overweight persons and those with normal weights. There were definite correlations between a reduction in relative weight and a drop or reduced increase of cholesterol on the one hand an increase in linoleic acid on the other. This is most probably due to the fat-reduced and modified diet to which especially the older test persons changes over during the 10-year period. This diet contained many polyene fatty acids. The changeover can therefore be suspected to lead to antiatherogenic fatty acid constellations in the serum. PMID- 7222737 TI - [Fracture of the collum of femur as a consequence of disturbed function in patients with resected stomach (Billroth II) (author's transl)]. AB - Disturbed metabolism of bones like osteoporosis are not completely physiological in elder persons. In all cases it is needed to search for the origin. Under the intestinal factors is a slight calcium deficiency with food of a great importance for genesis of osteoporosis stimulating a occult secondary hyperparathyroidism. If vitamin D-deficiency is added a osteomalacic component is following called "Osteoporomalacia". This mixed form is typical for intestinals. Especially elder patients are endangered because the supplying of calcium and vitamin D also the calcium absorption are decreasing with getting elder. The calcium absorption is also smaller in patients with resected stomach (Billroth II). When the function in resected stomach is disturbed like in our case of afferent-loop-syndrome a osteoporosis with osteomalacic component and pathological fractures can develop. In such cases teamwork is worthwhile. PMID- 7222738 TI - [The treatment of chronic ischemic heart disease with acidum acetylsalicylicum in older patients (author's transl)]. AB - During a double-blind study in 38 older patients with ischemic heart disease (that means with angina pectoris stabilis according WHO), who got for 48 months 1.500 mg Acidum acetylosalicylicum daily (three times a day 500 mg p. o.) in the research group (I) occurred significantly seldom coronary deaths, no lethal heart infarcts, furthermore the cholesterin level in the group I significantly sank and also heavy collateral effects during the ambulant long term treatment so far have not been observed. According to our opinion the gastrointestinal collateral effects can almost completely avoided, so that the medicine appears to be well endured and a suitable aggregation prevention for long term prophylaxis of thrombotic sickness. PMID- 7222736 TI - [Serum uric acid - the longitudinal behavior and age (author's transl)]. AB - The longitudinal behavior of serum uric acid was studied by regular determinations made on a total of 195 subjects (of whom 53 were males and 142, females) between 1968 and 1978. The concentration of uric acid showed a significant increase within ten years irrespective of age, sex, and body weight. Nutritional influences, problems of physical and mental activity, therapeutical measures and agents, as well as hormonal alteration are discussed as possible cause thereof. There were no correlation between change in relative weight and uric acid level. Serum cholesterol and uric acid trends showed negative correlations in young men and positive correlations in older men. PMID- 7222739 TI - Loneliness in old age. AB - The author describes, in connection with 100 cases, a pathological syndrome of isolation, the absolute loneliness. This pathological condition is deemed to be dangerous for old people. Most typical is the superposition or total lack of emotional responses. Loneliness is a disease leading ultimately to death. 48 old subjects aged 65 to 82 were examined for immuno-globulin status (IgG, IgA, IgM), they were divided into groups of lonely and partly lonely subjects. In the case of lonely old subjects a more vigorous decline of immuno-globulin level was found than with non-lonely ol people - a fact pointing to negative psychic nervous influences have an adverse influence on immuno-globulin production. Over a period of 5 years, the group of lonely old subjects exhibited a higher mortality rate than the group of non-lonely people. The author puts forward a proposal of therapy to mitigate the absolute loneliness: social and individual care and therapy by physicians of gerontological outlook (psycho-pharmacons, procain, products, multivitamins etc.). PMID- 7222742 TI - Influence of soil on wood-degradation and fruit body formation by parasites and saprophytes among wood-destroying basidiomycetous fungi. AB - Formation of soil mycelium enables the fungal mycelium to amend the nutrient deficient wood substrate actively by enclosing macronutrients from soil. Supposition to formation of a soil mycelium proved the resistance of the fungus to competitive substrate microorganisms. This resistance is absent in pathogenic, but wide-spread in saprophytic wood-decay fungi. Consequently, production of soil mycelium was restricted to saprophytic fungi. Saprophytes of the white-rot type are superior to brown-cubical rot type fungi in forming soil mycelium and utilizing soil nutrients. However, rich soils stimulate a more limited degree of wood degradation and yield increase of basidiocarps in parasitic fungi, too, that fail to produce a soil mycelium. It is concluded that uptake of soil nutrients turns out in two different ways, via an actively absorbing soil mycelium and via passive nutrient diffusion from soil into the substrate wood. PMID- 7222741 TI - Acute cardiac failure and hepatic ischemia induced by disopyramide phosphate. AB - Two patients abruptly developed congestive heart failure and elevation in serum transaminase levels when given disopyramide phosphate; enzyme abnormalities and hemodynamic status corrected upon withdrawal of the drug. Both patients had underlying ischemic cardiomyopathy. Myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and viral hepatitis were ruled out in both patients. One patient had a liver biopsy documenting central hepatic necrosis with congestion, consistent with hepatic ischemia and not toxic hepatitis. In the other patient, cardiac decompensation and hepatocellular enzyme elevation were reproduced on rechallenge with the drug. Disopyramide should be used with caution in patients with heart failure. PMID- 7222743 TI - Leaching of a silicate and carbonate copper ore with heterotrophic fungi and bacteria, producing organic acids. AB - Leaching of metals with carbon-heterotrophic microorganisms and organic acids as active agents has been performed with Timna copper ore containing 1.1% copper as carbonates and silicate and with some other metal oxides. Aspergillus niger surface cultures on a 14% sucrose fermentation medium yeilded 87.3% of total copper from 10% suspension within 2 weeks of leaching. On sulfite liquor as an industrial waste product A. niger solubilized 73.8% Cu within 4 weeks. In percolators with 14% sucrose medium up to 1780 ppm copper were found in solution. In leaching experiments with a sea water medium containing 7% sucrose only 684 ppm Cu were soluble. Leaching with lactobacilli containing whey yielded 83.4% of the total copper in 4 weeks. PMID- 7222740 TI - Clinical experience with flexible sigmoidoscopy in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of flexible sigmoidoscopy when performed as a routine procedure in asymptomatic patients over the age of 40 being referred for a complete physical examination. The preliminary results of this ongoing program are presented together with the diagnostic yield in 408 patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of colorectal disease who were of similar age (56.6 vs. 56.5 years) and sex distribution (79 percent male) to the asymptomatic population, and who underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy as an indicated part of their evaluation. In the 122 asymptomatic patients, the mean distance examined by the procedure was 50.8 cm with the instrument being advanced beyond the optimal rigid sigmoidoscopy distance of 20 cm in 100 percent of patients. Adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps were identified in 16 patients, 13.1 percent, in the asymptomatic group, a similar percentage to the symptomatic population, 15.4 percent. Adenomatous polyps were diagnosed in 7.4 percent of the asymptomatic subjects and 9.1 percent of the symptomatic group. Colonic cancer was diagnosed in 0.8 percent of asymptomatic patients vs. 3.2 percent of the symptomatic group (p < 0.05). Seventy-seven percent of the neoplastic polyps detected in the asymptomatic patients and 60 percent in the symptomatic group were beyond 20 cm from the anus. Diverticulosis was diagnosed in a similar percentage of patients, 13.1 percent in the asymptomatic and 10.0 percent in the symptomatic group. No complications were encountered and the procedure was well tolerated without analgesia. It is concluded that: (1) in an asymptomatic population over the age of 40, flexible sigmoidoscopy, as a routine examination, results in a diagnostic yield not possible with rigid proctosigmoidoscopy and which approaches that observed in a symptomatic population of similar age; (2) for the internist trained in this procedure, flexible sigmoidoscopy has a future role in the detection of colorectal lesions and as an interval screening examination for premalignant lesions and colorectal cancer in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. PMID- 7222744 TI - Inhibitor studies on phage T4 wild-type and mutant DNA polymerase. IV. The substrate analog 3'-fluorothymidine 5'-triphosphate. AB - The deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (dTTP) analog 3'-fluorothymidine 5' triphosphate (3'-FdTTP) inhibits DNA synthesis by T4 wild-type, L98 (mutator) and CB121 (antimutator) DNA polymerase. CB121 DNA polymerase is less sensitive by a factor of two than the L98 and T4+ enzymes. Inhibition is not due to incorporation of the analog into DNA. 3'-FdTTP acts competitively to the substrate dTTP. The CB121 polymerase exhibits a higher Ki to Km ratio than the other two enzymes (5.3 vs. 3.3) and thus discriminates better between the substrate dTTP and its analog 3'-FdTTP. 3'-FdTTP inhibits the polymerase associated 3'-5' exonuclease activities to the same extent as their polymerase activities. The CB121 3'-5' exonuclease activity is suppressed only half as much by 3'-FdTTP as by dTTP. The results are discussed in relation to the role of T4 DNA polymerase and its associated 3'-5' exonuclease in determining the accuracy of DNA replication. PMID- 7222745 TI - [Bacterium MB 58, a methylotrophic "acetic acid bacterium"]. PMID- 7222746 TI - [Comparative physiological studies of Candida spec. H and its mutant H 13 during nitrogen starvation]. AB - With Candida spec. H and the mutant H13 during nitrogen starvation we studied the changes occurring in the macromolecular cell composition. In the absence of nitrogen, but in the presence of n-alkanes as carbon source, both the nucleic acid and protein levels of the dried yeasts rapidly decreased. At the same time carbohydrates and lipids were accumulated. Candida spec. H predominantly increased carbohydrate content, whereas the mutant accumulated significantly higher amounts of lipids. The main components of the cellular carbohydrates and the fatty acid content were analyzed, and the results were discussed. PMID- 7222748 TI - [Occurrence of mucopolysaccharides in Pasteurella multocida: isolation of hyaluronic acid from A- and B-serotype strains]. PMID- 7222747 TI - Steroid transformation with immobilized microorganisms. VI. The reverse reaction of steroid-1-dehydrogenases from different micoorganisms in immobilized state. AB - Whole cells of Nocardia erythropolis, N. opaca and Mycobacterium phlei containing 4-en-3-oxosteroid: (acceptor)-1-en-oxidoreductase activities were immobilized by adsorption on DEAE-cellulose and silica and by entrapment in polyacrylamide gel. The obtained biocatalysts were used in an anaerobic continuous column process to transform 1,4-dien-3-oxo-steroids into 4-en-3-oxo- steroids. The half life of steroid-1(2)-reductase activity of the N. erythropolis was found to be up to 15 days. The DEAE-cellulose-adsorbed cells showed a slightly higher relative activity than free cells. The influence of substrate concentration and the action of dimethylformamide were also investigated. PMID- 7222749 TI - Purification and characterization of an extracellular beta-glucanase from Bacillus IMET B 376. AB - beta-1.3-1.4-glucanase (E.C. 3.2.1.73) was obtained in highly purified form from the culture fluid of Bacillus IMET B 376 by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, adsorption on CM-cellulose and then affinity chromatography on lichenan-Sepharose 4B. The purified enzyme was active on lichenan and barley glucan but not on laminarin and on CM-cellulose. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 26,000 daltons. The Km values for lichenan and barley glucan were determined to be 1.43 and 1.15 mg/ml, respectively. The beta-glucanase has a broad pH optimum between 6 to 8, and was particularly thermostable in presence of Ca++. PMID- 7222750 TI - [Mathematical models for describing of orthologic and pathologic aging of brain (author's transl)]. AB - The demand, getting models of aging-processes in a practical way can be realised, if area-measures of pneumoencephalografic investigations are classified by multivariant methods and adapted to curves with piecewise linear or sigmoid functions. Statements about the differences class-typical processes of aging and their imaginable results are possible. PMID- 7222751 TI - [Orthopaedic findings of the foot as related to age and body weight among women (author's transl)]. AB - In a cross-sectional evaluation of 103 women belonging to the material of the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the GDR Gerontology Project, foot trouble and objective foot changes were studied in relation to body weight and age. The subjects were divided into four age classes and two weight groups. The following objective foot parameters were obtained from the podogram: the angle of the big toe, the isthmus value, and the length-breadth index. Further data such as the total foot angle, the height of the plantar arch and the instep height were derived from the lateral radiograph of the foot under load. In 36.89 per cent of the subjects foot trouble was established. Two frequency peaks (15.8 years and 51.5 years) were determined for the age at which the first symptoms manifested themselves. The investigations showed a growing influence of physiological changes due to ageing on foot trouble. The dependence of foot trouble on body weight is evidenced by the fact that overweight women are more prone to develop foot trouble than women with standard weight. The angle of the big toe, in particular, is clearly weight-related, i.e. the risk to develop hallux valgus is greater in overweight women over 55 years of age than it is in standard-weight females. This finding is corroborated by the fact that, on an average, the group of overweight subjects has lower length-breadth-index values, which is indicative of a broadening of the forefoot in the process of splay-foot development. PMID- 7222753 TI - Morphological studies of the pigment present in the seminal vesicles of orchidectomized hamsters, and the preventive action of vitamin E and methylene blue. AB - Authors studies the histological and electromicroscopical picture of the seminal vesicles of hamsters after orchidectomy, after orchidectomy and Vitamin E feeding and after orchidectomy and Methylene Blue treatment. They states that 120 days after orchidectomy large amounts of lipofuscin and lamellar structures, myelin like forms developed in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells and macrophages of the seminal vesicles. Vitamin E feeding inhibited the appearance of lipofuscin, while Methylene Blue significantly reduced the amount of lipofuscin. PMID- 7222752 TI - [The age-dependent influence of diet on lipid metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - In contrast to 3 months old rats of the Wistar strain show 18 months old animals an elevation of the serum triglyceride level under the conditions of a sucrose diet (25% of the energy uptake). Clinical investigations with women show a similar age difference. These results may not be explained by the age-dependent behavior of the activity of several lipogenic enzymes of liver and adipose tissue and of their adaptation to a sucrose diet, but the age-dependent decrease of the lipoprotein lipase activity may be of special importance. PMID- 7222755 TI - [The assessment of the working capacity of persons operating semiautomatic machines, in connection with their age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222756 TI - [Factors of health and motivation in the female conversion phase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7222754 TI - [At prophylaxis of disturbance of the electrolyte- and water metabolism age (author's transl)]. AB - The involutive restriction of the renal and pulmonary function and of the thirst and the reduction of body water also diminished the range of efficacy and possibility for adaptation of the water- and electrolyte metabolism of old people. Under geriatric aspects many causes for the endangering of the water- and electrolyte metabolism are discussed. It is founded that in old patients the quicker metabolism imbalance means a stronger threat of life that the disease itself. Often the consideration of this problem in much cases of diseases can save the life of the old patient. PMID- 7222757 TI - [The effects of a high emphasis on prophylaxis in ambulatory medical care]. PMID- 7222758 TI - [Selected results of a study on the facilitation of planning values in ambulatory urologic care]. PMID- 7222759 TI - [Problem in surgery in ambulatory care clinics]. PMID- 7222760 TI - [The contribution of social hygiene to the health care of army personnel]. PMID- 7222761 TI - [Social hygiene study as a productive phase]. PMID- 7222762 TI - [Education and continuing education of physicians and attendants in child and youth health care]. PMID- 7222763 TI - [Cooperation between health and social services in the social care of senior citizens]. PMID- 7222764 TI - [Social factors in tuberculosis and tuberculosis control]. PMID- 7222765 TI - [Incidence and mortality in malignant tumors of the urinary tract]. PMID- 7222766 TI - [Several problems of epidemiology (with special reference to cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7222767 TI - [Biochemistry of porphyria]. PMID- 7222768 TI - [Treatment of lip cancer - radiologic or surgical?]. PMID- 7222769 TI - [The value of arthroscopy in knee joint diseases]. PMID- 7222770 TI - [Celiac disease in children]. PMID- 7222771 TI - [The course of biliary tract cancers]. PMID- 7222772 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic aspects of tick-borne encephalitis in the DDR]. PMID- 7222773 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis in preterm and newborn infants in the regional hospital]. PMID- 7222777 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular insufficiency in patients with acquired heart valve disease]. PMID- 7222775 TI - [Case report of hypophyseal apoplexy]. PMID- 7222776 TI - [Epidemiologic experiences in poisonings in children]. PMID- 7222778 TI - [Dispensary care of children with kidney diseases by the regional pediatrician in the Sternberg area]. PMID- 7222779 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7222774 TI - [Significance of radiologic diagnosis for the surgery of extrahepatic bile ducts in the middle size hospital]. PMID- 7222781 TI - [Diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of sudden deafness and cooperation between the general practitioner and otorhinolaryngologist]. PMID- 7222782 TI - [Psychosocial problems in families with cystic fibrosis children]. PMID- 7222780 TI - [Celiac disease in children]. PMID- 7222784 TI - [Example for ambulatory psychotherapeutic treatment of an anxiety neurosis with Frankls' logotherapy]. PMID- 7222783 TI - [Local anesthesia and local anesthetics in general practice]. PMID- 7222785 TI - [Changes in achievement potential as a criterion for music therapy]. PMID- 7222786 TI - [Pathophysiologic and morphologic aspects of shock lung]. PMID- 7222787 TI - [Diagnostic problems in several concomitant diseases (case report)]. PMID- 7222788 TI - [The role of the physician in public health education, especially with adolescents]. PMID- 7222789 TI - [Personality factors and personality-oriented care of repeatedly ill workers]. PMID- 7222790 TI - [Late results of resection therapy of carcinoma of lung in patients of a department of respiratory diseases of a district (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given of the anti-cancer activity of the chest department of the XIV. District of Budapest. From 1962 to 1977 932 cancer cases were admitted; 315 of whom could be operated, the rate of resection being 33.8%. Among persons under the age of 70 this figure has been 43.7%. No selection being practised on admission this material deserves special interest. It also seemed suitable to give an answer to the question whether mass X-ray surveys had any effect on the 5 years survival rate of the patient. PMID- 7222791 TI - [Application of the serological clostridium assay in tumour diagnostics (author's transl)]. AB - The suitability for serologic tumour diagnostics of the non-oncolysing strain Clostridium butyricum CNRZ 528 has been investigated. By introducing the transplantable Brown Pearce tumour of the rabbit and spontaneous tumours of the dog as test models the antibody production against clostridial rods--indicating malignant growth as had been proved with the Mose strain Cl. oncolyticum M55--has been evaluated. It could be established--utilizing the complement fixation test- that one serological method alone is not sufficient for obtaining clear-cut test results in anyone case. It is to be recommended that the indirect hemagglutination and the complement fixation tests ought to be combined. Our studies on specific clostridial antigens and on optimization of techniques will be continued. PMID- 7222792 TI - [Transthoracic lung biopsy in interstitial pulmonary diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Report about transthoracic needle biopsy for histological diagnosis of interstitial pulmonary diseases in 366 patients, 22 of whom had a control biopsy. The histological diagnosis in 306 patients (83.6%) were representative of the clinical findings, in 46 cases (12.6%)--generally in exogenic allergic alveolitis -relatively representative, and not representative in 14 patients (3.8%). In view of the efficiency of the method, the slight expense and the relatively low rate of complications (24%), which mostly are of light character and well to be removed, it is considered to be superior to minor diagnostic thoracotomy. PMID- 7222794 TI - [The "chest wall factor" in the differential diagnosis of pathologic X-ray findings in thoracic maladies (author's transl)]. AB - Abnormalities as well as pathologic alterations of the thoracic wall (soft tissues and bony thorax) often present themselves radiographically as small coin lesions or as a circumscribed shadow accompanying the chest wall. Exact inspection and palpation of the thorax, a fluoroscopy with television X-ray intensifier restricted to the interesting thoracic sector and some soft tissue (voltage about 60 kV) partial radiographs are necessary in order to get the correct diagnosis. The knowledge of the exact side of the pathologic alteration allows a thin-sliced multilayer tomography. Nine cases with abnormalities or pathologic changes of the chest wall are demonstrated. PMID- 7222793 TI - [Transthoracic needle-biopsy in coin-lesions of the lung-comparison of the results of different procedures (author's transl)]. AB - This report deals with the results and the complications of transthoracic needle biopsy performed with different methods at two cooperating hospitals (Prague and Bad Berka). Each hospital investigated 200 persons. As for tumours thin-needle biopsy yielded more positive results for tumours also more false positive results. As for other localized lung diseases the biopsy by means of a Hauser needle was more successful. PMID- 7222795 TI - [Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (report on 11 cases, 1970-1979) (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical features and the diagnostic difficulties in 11 cases of pulmonary arteriovenous (av) malformation, diagnosed in the last 10 years, are discussed. It is possible to get the correct diagnosis with the help of the typical thorax-X screen, inclusive tomography in combination with the clinical signs of the right to left shunt. Pulmonary angiography is indicated (first) before any kind of therapy in order to exclude av malformations in other localisations, (second) in all pulmonary lesions, where av malformations are part of the differential diagnosis, and (third) in patients suffering from symptoms of a right to left shunt after exclusion of a cyanotic vitium cordis. PMID- 7222796 TI - [Comparative investigations to the epidemiology of chronic bronchitis in Erfurt and Riga (author's transl)]. AB - Studies concerning the prevalence of chronic bronchitis were conducted in Erfurt in 1971 and in Riga in 1974, comprising a standard interview and measurements of vital capacity and forced expiratory volume. Results in both towns are compared and critically discussed. Chronic bronchitis and obstruction are more frequent in Riga, while obstruction shows a better correlation to the severity of clinical signs in Erfurt. The influence of age, smoking, and hemoptysis are also compared; the latter showing no difference between both towns. PMID- 7222797 TI - [Suggestions for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of bronchial asthma is difficult because dyspnea as the leading symptom is ambiguous. Often other diseases with dyspnea are called asthma. For long term treatment it is necessary to know the pathogenesis of asthma and the factors triggering attacks. This in many cases needs special investigations. In the present paper some proposals are given to make a preliminary diagnosis on the basis of history and simple clinical findings, giving the indication for consecutive investigations respectively referring the patient to a specialist. PMID- 7222798 TI - [The assessment of invalidity in chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. AB - There are no fixed rules for the assessment of invalidity in chronic bronchitis and its complications. The methods of examination and the interpretation of the results are very different. The main cause of invalidity is diminished cardiopulmonary function. Therefore, lung function tests are of great importance. But some other important aspects have to be considered too, f.e. concomitant diseases, age and profession, possibilities to arrange a suitable place of employment, results of treatment. In this paper are discussed proposals for a complex assessment of invalidity including social and psychological aspects. PMID- 7222800 TI - [An animal model of bronchus-stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - The stenosis of the main bronchus is a serious disease. In many cases a surgical correction is necessary. However, compared to other surgical procedure the surgical reconstruction of the bronchus is relatively seldom done. Therefore it is not easy to answer some questions in this topic. A reproducible animals model might help to clarify some of this problems. In our experimental model the anodical current is used to produce the stenosis by putting an electrode in the bronchus after narcosis of a mini-pig. A surgical procedure is not necessary. In this way a maximum approach of the experimental model to a clinical situation is obtained. PMID- 7222799 TI - [Frequency of transfusion in lung resections (author's transl)]. AB - Blood-transfusions are affected with considerable risks and undesirable reactions, for that reason the application of whole blood is indicated strictly. The comparison of transfusions in patients having undergone a lung resection showed a decrease in transfusions about 50 per cent in a period of 10 years. The reduction of transfusions is the result of an increased use of blood substitutes. Advantages and possibilities of hemodilution are discussed. The application of whole blood depends on preoperative hematocrit and calculated blood volume. PMID- 7222801 TI - [Studies of X-ray morphology of the heart contour in ischemic heart disease as seen in dorsoventral X-ray photography of the thorax in the basis of coronarographic findings (author's transl)]. AB - Cardiovascular diseases hold a place of considerable importance in national health schemes and various screening methods have been devised to determine and to control such diseases. One of the methods is based on the use of thorax photofluorographs obtained from regular nation-wide X-ray examinations. The ischemic heart disease is a significant group among cardiovascular diseases and it appears that dorsoventral photofluorography is an insufficient means for its recognition. For 250 subjects examined by intracardial methods for suspected ischemic heart disease, a retrospective study of dorsoventral thorax photofluorographs was performed along the lines of the classification by Richter and Bock. The results show that in about 75 percent of the cases of ischemic heart disease associated with serious lesions of the coronary vessels, no signs of changes in the heart contour were seen in photofluorographs of the thorax. It is concluded that the evaluation of chestfilm is an inadequate approach as far as the ischemic heart disease group is concerned within photofluorographic screening programmes for cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 7222802 TI - The causes of death of tuberculosis patients in chemotherapy era. AB - Detailed analysis was made on causes of death among tuberculosis patients hospitalized in national sanatoria and those registered as tuberculosis at the breath centres. Deaths directly or indirectly related to tuberculosis could be divided into the following four major categories; dying with active tuberculosis process shortly after the detection due to the delay in detection, with active process combined with the emergence of drug resistance long after the detection due to failure in treatment, with sequela of tuberculosis mainly cardiopulmonary insufficiency, and with other conditions listed as non-tuberculosis death but attributable to either active or inactive tuberculosis. The ratio of these four categories at present in Japan is estimated to be approximately 1:1:2:4-6. The results indicate that the magnitude of tuberculosis problem should not be underestimated through decline in the crude tuberculosis mortality. PMID- 7222806 TI - [A method for ascertaining of the closing volume with argon for early detection of obstruction of the small airways (author's transl)]. AB - Closing volume can be ascertained with Argon by the aid of the Quadrupol-mass spectrometer produced in Hungary. The method is simple, sensible and applicable in the routine laboratorium for pulmonary function testing. It will show the obstruction of the small airways and the disturbance of gas distribution in the lower pulmonary parts already at a point of time when the usual spirometric methods are still inconspicuous. PMID- 7222805 TI - [Longitudinal control of a selected group of young men in view of chronic bronchitis incidence (author's transl)]. AB - Report on a prospective longitudinal study of a group fo 16 years old men of Prague, followed up to 6 years. Every two years questionnaires were checked and fluorography, ECG and breathing function tests had been done, too. The group of 341 young men, whose data were complete, had been divided into smokers and nonsmokers, in students and apprentices as well as in healthy persons and people, who suffered from chronic bronchitis. All men with chronic bronchitis had a smoker-history but breathing function tests were normal. First signs of bronchitis will not be recorded by function tests but will be found out by subjective symptoms about 3 years after the beginning of smoking. PMID- 7222804 TI - [Immunological methods in influenzavirus-infections (author's transl)]. AB - Immunological methods for detection of specific antibodies after viral infections are described. The counterimmunoelectrophoresis detects various precipitating antibodies in serum and sputum (against organic dusts, p.e. bird proteins, aspergillus and viral antigens) and is suitable for routine-work due to its sensitivity and simplicity. The sepharose-fluorescence-test is very sensitive and only small quantities of test reagents are required (detection of IgA-, -M, -G antibodies). The LN-Test (lectin-neuraminidase-test) is well suitable to detect virus-neuraminidase activities as well as antibodies against neuraminidase in human sera. PMID- 7222810 TI - [Contribution to the assessment of physical fitness in patients with pulmonary diseases on the basis of cardiopulmonary and ergometric parameters (author's transl)]. AB - In 270 patients with COLD, bronchial asthma, exogenic allergic alveolitis or fibrosis of the lung measurements of VC, FEV 1,0, Rt, RV, DL CO, CL, PO2 and PAP (by means of floating catheter) were made. Results of measurements at rest and during exercise were compared after statistical treatment in the above groups and their value with regard to the determination of physical fitness was appreciated. PMID- 7222809 TI - [The assessment of cardiorespiratory performance in pulmonary emphysema (author's transl)]. AB - In patients with pulmonary emphysema the course of PO2 and of pulmonary and systemic circulation is analysed under exercise up to the performance limit and to PO2 reduction. By alterations of breathing mechanics frequent emphysematous persons and associated with bronchial obstructions under increased intrapulmonary pressure by forced ventilation a group of patients may be found with a quick limitation of performance by hindering the intrathoracic circulation followed by reduction of the systemic blood pressure. A pulmonary arterial hypertension cannot be seen in these cases. The registration of the parameters of breathing mechanics during exercise testing is recommended. PMID- 7222807 TI - [Comparing investigations of the valence of acetylcholine test and the closing volume for the early detection of non-specific lung diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations in 77 healthy persons and 94 patients with a manifest obstructive lung disease have led to the result that not only the central but also the peripheral part of the bronchial system are influenced by the bronchial reactivity. Accordingly the examination of the bronchial reactivity (0.01% acetylcholine solution as ultrasonic aerosol) enable in healthy persons a certain differentiation between smokers and non-smokers if the single breath test by means of the slope index are used. Therefore the method of investigation may be recommended for the early detection of functional disorders of persons with inhalatory exposure to noxious substances. PMID- 7222803 TI - [BCG vaccination and/or tuberculin testing for the elimination of tuberculosis (author's transl)]. AB - In an epidemiological an clinical pilote study the authors have done a tuberculin testing survey in combination with the mass X-ray examinations in 2553 adults in the village Dabas with 3885 inhabitants. The percentage of tuberculin positive persons of the various age groups refers to a still high infection prevalence of the adults. However, among the persons under 30 and older than 60 years a high percentage of tuberculin negative ones was found (27-38%). By reason of their investigations the increasing significance was emphasized. The authors recommend, to revise once more the practice of BCG vaccination of the persons under 30 years, a more intensive dispensaric care of the adolescent living in an infectious environment, in collectives and of all the old tuberculin-negative persons. PMID- 7222808 TI - [Ophthalmologic control examinations during therapy with ethambutol (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 6,200 control examinations of patients treated with Ethambutol. Subjective troubles of vision do not influence continuation of therapy. In 8 patients (0,5%) symptoms of neuritis nervioptici accompanied with visus deterioration required to stop therapy (case reports on these 8 patients). Ophthalmologic control examinations are recommended before beginning therapy, during continuous therapy in hospital every eight week, and in case of ambulatory intermitting therapy every third to fourth month. PMID- 7222812 TI - [Results of analyses for the calculation of exposure-time limits in industrial hygiene monitoring of workers in agrochemical centers, exposed to pesticides]. PMID- 7222814 TI - [Measurement strategy and occupational hygiene evaluation of the results of dust measurements]. PMID- 7222811 TI - [Determination of toxic levels at places of work and distribution patterns in pesticide exposure of workers in agrochemical centers based on chemical group]. PMID- 7222813 TI - [Organic dusts in stable air a risk factors in the occurrence of occupational diseases in animal production workers]. PMID- 7222815 TI - [Physical and psychological stress components in the work of firemen]. PMID- 7222816 TI - [The cosinor presentation of biorhythmic time series and their application in stress studies]. PMID- 7222817 TI - [Emission of heat radiation into the environment of a "blow-down" flare in chemical plants]. PMID- 7222818 TI - [The mechanism of carbon monoxide-induced increase in total hemoglobin concentration]. PMID- 7222819 TI - [The suitability of urinary alanine aminopeptidase determinations for occupational medical monitoring]. PMID- 7222820 TI - [The use of a kinetic vanadium determination method as an exposure test for the monitoring of vanadium-exposed workers]. PMID- 7222821 TI - [The health of working women in the GDR. Results of socio-gynecologic studies on fitness and monitoring]. PMID- 7222822 TI - [The depth of soil penetration of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in areas of intensive fruit cultivation]. PMID- 7222823 TI - [Dumping of industrial wastes. The effect of deposits of A and B components of Syspur soft foam production on microbial growth]. PMID- 7222824 TI - [Problems of water hygiene in the beverage industry]. PMID- 7222825 TI - [Evaluation of instant culture media for sterility tests]. PMID- 7222826 TI - [Determination of the neuropathogenicity of mumps vaccine in dwarf swine]. PMID- 7222828 TI - [Sarcoidosis - diagnosis and therapy today]. AB - The etiology of sarcoidosis is still unclear. It belongs to the most frequent lung diseases; but also nearly all other tissues and organs may be established. One third of the diseases runs under the picture of the acute form of the course (Loefgren's syndrome). A histologic ascertainment is to be striven for. The tendency to spontaneous remission is great. This is still additionally supported by the application of cortison derivatives. In the individual case the indication to medicamentous therapy results from the tendency of the course of the disease, from the degree of the affection of organs and the clinico-functional disturbance. In 80 patients with Loefgren's syndrome the author adopts a definite attitude to diagnostics and therapy. PMID- 7222827 TI - [Problems of mis- and late diagnosis in ankylosing spondylitis]. AB - In 165 patients suffering from spondylitis ankylosans average retardations of the diagnosis of 4.6 years since the first anamnestic references typical for the disease could be established. More than half of 125 patients had already irreversible ankyloses at the time when the diagnosis was made, 9 of them had already an ankylosation in all segments of the spiral column. Apart from objective early diagnostic difficulties which are typical for the disease and retarded consultation of a physician in one third of all retardations of the diagnosis of more than 2 years iatrogenic causes were essential. The differential diagnostic difficulties existed particularly concerning the delimitation to functional and degenerative vertebragenic syndromes, in the classification of easier and atypical forms of the course and the existence of extravertebral initial symptoms. The majority of false and late diagnoses could have been avoided by an exact anamnesis and with the help of simple clinical examinations. PMID- 7222829 TI - [Algometric analysis of rheumatic pain]. AB - On altogether 221 persons, among them 120 patients with rheumatoid arthritis of all morphological stages, in the region of soft tissues and joints of both hands pressure-algometric examinations were carried out. As reference method served thermic and electric algometry in the region of the forearm. The verbalized reaction of the test persons concerning sensitization threshold, pain threshold and border of pain tolerance was registered depending on experimentally set acute pain irritations. The results of thermic and pressure algometry were reproducible and comparable values and according to the present intermediate results they are suitable for the quantitative establishment of the pressure tolerance conditioned by arthritis as well as for their relativation on the individual sensitivity. PMID- 7222830 TI - [Modification of stimulus threshold increase following heart pacemaker implantation by prednisolone]. AB - In a retrospective study concerning 39 patients with pacemakers is reported on the possibility of a medicamentous influence of so-called increases of the stimulus threshold with exit block. Inflammatory tissue reactions and disturbances of electrolytes as well as microdislocations at the tip of the electrode are given as a cause of the postoperatively appearing deficiency of the stimulation. A differentiation of these causes is not possible with simple paraclinical examination methods. Generally using prednisolone we succeeded in decreasing the stimulus threshold in about half the patients within ca. 3 weeks and thus in removing the exit block. After discussion of the pathophysiological connections recommendations for the therapeutic approach are described. PMID- 7222832 TI - [Importance of ergooxytensiometry in the evaluation of dust exposure and of patients with lung silicosis]. AB - After retrospective evaluation of numerous expertises of patients exposed to dust with and without silicosis the high value of the arterial partial oxygen pressure and of the ergooxytensiometry in the estimation of the cardiorespiratory functional breadth is explained. On an average in patients with silicosis III and silicotuberculosis, respectively, more frequently a respiratory insufficiency is found than in patients exposed to dust with lower stages of silicosis or without clue to the presence of a silicosis. In the individual case there is no firm relation between the x-ray-morphological findings and the result of the ergooxytensiometry. The roentgenological stage of silicosis does not allow a conclusion to the loss of function, on the contrary, the frequently existing bronchitis in patients exposed to dust plays an important part in the development of the disturbances of the pulmonary function. PMID- 7222831 TI - [Response of the heart rate and blood pressure to exertion - criterion for the differential therapy of hypertension]. AB - In 37 patients with essential hypertension (WHO-stage I and II) ergometric examinations with submaximum stress were performed in sitting position for the judgement of the behaviour of heart rate and blood pressure (control group 20 clinically healthy persons). On account of the different behaviour of the heart rate the patients could be subdivided into 4 groups: A: normal heart rate in rest and under stress. B: heart rate increased only under stress. C: heart rate increased already in rest. Group D consisted of patients with hypertensive disturbance of the regulation (normal blood pressure immediately before ergometry). In 12 of the patients were also performed ergometric examinations under therapy: in group A the combined use of beta-receptor blocker and saluretic was necessary, in the groups B, C and D monotherapy with beta-receptor blocker was sufficient. The opinion is uttered that an abundant increase of blood pressure under stress in anamnestically known increased values of blood pressure in rest is also an indication to therapy as the appearance of very varying and on an average occasionally increased blood pressure values. In group A (normal regulation of frequency) by the beta-receptor blocker alone as a rule no sufficient effect is expected, the combination with a saluretic is necessary. In the other groups apart from the regulation of the blood pressure also the regulation of the heart rate is disturbed (among others reduction of the vagal inhibition of the heart, lack of training) and apart from the medicamentous therapy with beta-receptor blockers also a physical training is to be recommended. The different patterns of reaction which were to be proved by means of ergometry in patients with hypertension may in most cases be supposed already by the observation of the course and thus be included in the consideration concerning the differential therapy. PMID- 7222835 TI - [Aortic stenosis in old age - a diagnostic problem]. AB - From 1973 to 1978 in the dissection material of the Medical Clinic in 78 deceased a stenosis of the aortic valve was diagnosed. Clinically diagnosed was the failure of the aortic valve, however, only in 33 cases. The retrospective analysis of the dissection material showed from the clinical point of view that the old age of the patients at admission (x = 70 years), the short stay in the ward and the reduced general condition were factors which rendered difficult the diagnosis of a stenosis of the aortic valve. On the basis of our results we are of the opinion that when a systolic murmur is present above the basis in connection with signs of the load of the left heart in the ECG in every case the diagnosis of the stenosis of the aortic valve is to be included into the diagnostic considerations also when a picture of heart complaints is not present in older persons. PMID- 7222834 TI - [Overturned left type - manifestation of impaired intraventricular stimulus conduction or position dependent?]. AB - When an overturned left type is present special criteria render possible the diagnosis of the left-anterior fascicular block. Among 7,687 ECG in 698 cases (9.1%) an overturned left type was to be seen. In accidental random test of 300 ECG with overturned left type in 183 cases (61%) a left-anterior fascicular block, in 111 cases (37%) an overturned QRS-left position were found. In 6 cases (2%) a decision was not possible. The left-anterior fascicular block increasedly appears with growing age beyond the 50th year of life. Hypertension (67%), chronic ischaemic heart disease (46%) clearly prevail in patients with left anterior fascicular block, on the other and non-cardiovascular diseases with 58% more frequently appeared in the group of patients with overturned QRS-left position. In this group hypertension occurred only in 33%, chronic ischaemic heart disease only in 14%. PMID- 7222836 TI - [20 years of ulcerative colitis treatment. Retrospective study from the point of view of a medical clinic]. AB - In the examined number of patients the ulcerous colitis played only a secondary role concerning the frequency. A decrease in the last five years could be explained by an improved ambulatory care. This clinical picture is, however, important on account of the inclination to recidivations and the acute complications. Of 93 patients 64 were coordinated to the degree of severity I, 16 to the degree of severity II and 13 to the degree of severity III. Particularly in patients who died of ulcerous colitis the clinical and paraclinical findings were not always parallel to the morphological changes. As a rule the treatment was performed by diet and azulfidines, only in 5 cases the application of prednisolone was necessary, 4 patients were operated. 11 patients died. Using the balanced enteral and parenteral nutrition, more severe stages of a disease will be better influenced and more favourable preoperative situations, respectively, will be reached also in older patients. PMID- 7222833 TI - [Accuracy of the exertion index as compared to pulmonary artery hemodynamics in various heart diseases]. PMID- 7222837 TI - [Motility disturbances of the large intestine]. AB - Motility disturbances of the large intestine, which appear in various conditions of a disease, are based on a reduction, the loss or an intensivation of the contractility as well as on a disorganization of the motor activity. Also in the region of the large intestine the normal motoricity can underlie such disturbances, such as retarded or accelerated passage, passage in wrong direction as well as increased turbulence or increased content. Retarded passage of the large intestine leads to obstipation and in advanced form to ileus. The leading symptom in accelerated passage is the diarrhoea. The passage in wrong direction disturbs the motoricity of the colon in the case of a lesion of the ileocaecal valves. Increased turbulence of the content of the large intestine is one of the causes of obstipation, particularly, when it appears in a retarded passage. The disturbances of the laminary flow are characteristic for a diverticulosis. The motor activity of the colon is influenced by many factors, mainly by the central nervous system, the gastrointestinal hormones (cholecystokinin, gastrin, serotonin, insulin and prostaglandins), the diet and the way of life. The motor disturbances are accompanied by bioelectric disturbances of the colon. In the second part of the lecture some pathogenetic and clinical aspects of the most frequently appearing motor disturbance of the large intestine, the irritable colon, are discussed. PMID- 7222838 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of the large intestine with special reference to the double contrast method and its significance in tumor diagnosis]. AB - In the X-ray examination of the large intestine by means of the retrograde contrast medium enema on extreme filling radiographs as well as on radiographs of the mucous membrane small tumours can be overseen. The same applies to the peroral demonstration of the large intestine. Better results are yielded by the double contrast method. Therefore it has been exclusively used in our clinic since 1961. The following prerequisites must be fulfilled for an evident examination: - optimum cleaning of the bowel, - steady and thin contrast medium covering of the intestinal wall and demonstration of all sections of the intestine on 2-3 pictures in different position of the radiograph in every case. Under these conditions polyps of a diameter of 5-6 mm can be demonstrated. With the help of results of the examinations of 1,390 patients it is referred to the importance of the demonstration also of small lesions of the colon. The rate of carcinomas amounted to 14,5%; that of polyps was 6,2%. For 1/5 of the polyps a malignancy was determined histologically. PMID- 7222839 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the small intestine mucosa in patients with primary malabsorption syndromes]. AB - Findings of the electron-microscopic examination of the jejunal mucous membrane in 16 patients with primary malabsorption of a group of 41 patients are reported. It is referred to the diagnostic and differential diagnostic value of this examination for patients with native sprue and hypogammaglobulinaemic sprue. PMID- 7222840 TI - [From a home for diabetics to a research institute - 50-year anniversary of the Gerhardt Katsch Central Institute for Diabetes in Karlsberg]. PMID- 7222841 TI - [Diverticulosis and the irritable colon]. PMID- 7222842 TI - [Cancer and polyps of the large intestine]. AB - Incidence and mortality of the carcinoma of the large intestine increase also in the GDR. Carcinomas mostly develop in adenomas of the large intestine in the course of several years. Nowadays the adenoma-carcinoma-sequence is regarded as ascertained. The environmental influences are of decisive importance for the genesis of the colon carcinoma. Apart from this also genetic factors play a part. Villous adenomas more frequently show malignant structures than tubular adenomas. In large adenomas with a diameter of more than 20 mm more frequently invasive carcinomas (20-40%) are found than in small adenomas with a diameter of less than 10 mm (1%). From this is to be derived the demand of the removal of all adenomas of the large intestine with a diameter larger than 5 mm. The method of choice of the treatment is the polypectomy and the technique with the diathermy loop. PMID- 7222844 TI - [Contribution of sonography to the diagnosis of colonic tumors]. AB - Though also in future roentgenological and endoscopic bioptic techniques determined the practice in the diagnostics of tumours of the large intestine the routine use of sonography may shorten the way to diagnosis in numerous cases when the so-called cocard phenomenon (= infiltrated intestinal wall) is proved. On the other hand, the cocard phenomenon may serve as an additional criterion of malignity when a roentgenological and/or endoscopic suspicion of malignoma at first cannot be confirmed bioptico-histologically. PMID- 7222843 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases]. AB - The authors describe their experiences with the ultrasound tomography (compound scan and real-time scan) on the basis of 2,360 own examinations. This examination method was particularly suitable in cholelithiases, in concrements of the choledochus, in diseases of the pancreas above all in different forms of pancreatitis and pancreatic tumours and in abdominal lymphomas. The authors emphasize the advantages of the non-invasive method, however, they recommend to valuate the ultrasonographic findings always taking into consideration all other results of clinical examinations. PMID- 7222845 TI - [Indications and contraindications of biguanide therapy in diabetes mellitus]. AB - In this review the actual stage of knowledge is mediated concerning the oral therapy of diabetes mellitus by biguanides. After a historical review the pharmacological data obtained by animal experiments as well as by clinical application are summarized and the effects and side-effects are derived. The problem of lactic acidosis and the controversial discussion due to the UGDP-study concerning the relation of the biguanides to the cardiovascular system are largely discussed. Concrete recommendations are given concerning the clinical practice by means of the communication of the revised indications and contraindications of the therapy with biguanides. PMID- 7222846 TI - [The HLA system and diabetes mellitus]. AB - Diabetes is a heterogeneous disease, and its pathogenesis and etiology are still largely unknown. Recent studies have brought new knowledge showing that HLA antigens and diabetes mellitus are related. It has been found that the relative risk of juvenile onset diabetes requiring insulin treatment is greater for persons who are HLA-A1, A2, B8, BW15, BW40, CW3, DW3, DW4, DRW3 and DRW4 positive. The relative risk of the disease is additive in persons who have two of the above mentioned HLA-B alleles. Some HLA antigens (HLA-B7, DW2, DRW2, A11) are associated with a significantly lower risk of the disease and probably have a "protective" character. Maturity onset diabetes (MOD) and maturity onset diabetes not requiring insulin treatment (MODY) are not related to the HLA system. This means that MOD is completely distinct from JOD with different symptoms, course and etiopathogenesis. PMID- 7222847 TI - [Liver rupture after prolonged use of contraceptive]. AB - Since several years benign liver tumours have been observed as complication of a long-term intake of hormonal contraceptives. Apart from a clinical unconspicuousness uncharacteristic complaints of the epigastrium up to the picture of the acute abdomen due to rupture of the tumour rich in vessels may be appear. A preoperative diagnosis is only rarely successful, and only the laparotomy brings the final diagnostic clarification. PMID- 7222848 TI - [Epidemiology of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases]. AB - Epidemiological studies proved a clear increase of the frequency of ulcerous colitis and Crohn's disease in highly industrialised countries. Ethnic particularities and familiar accumulation are to be emphasized. The stationary morbidity is determinable in the GDR for both diseases, however, it is not suitable for the establishment of incidence and prevalence. Issuing from the patients of a defined population treated with salazopyrin the prevalence of ulcerous colitis was established with 26.1 for the female sex and 23.6 for the male sex on 10(5) inhabitants. With 3.4 diseases in females and 2.2 in males Crohn's disease is unequivocally less frequent, though not all patients may established. PMID- 7222849 TI - [Problems in the differential diagnosis of intestinal diseases in patients who have traveled in the tropics]. AB - Taking into consideration the increasing intercontinental tourist traffic we are in an increasing degree confronted with diseases which above all or exclusively acquired in warm countries. Besides the diseases which occur in our country they must find differential diagnostic consideration in disturbances of the health. On account of their frequency gastrointestinal disturbances they are essential for these travellers. On the basis of the following instances of diseases problems of the differential diagnosis and the evaluation of findings are shortly demonstrated: colon amoeboma; colon carcinoma; colon polyposis; ascaridasis; lambliasis; trichuriasis, affection with fasciola hepatica; affection with fasciolopsis buski; schistosomiasis intestinalis. It is referred to peculiarities in inhabitants of the tropics who transitorily live in our climatic zone. PMID- 7222850 TI - [The value of determining occult blood in clinical practice]. AB - The haemoccult-test is recommended above all for the early recognition of the colon carcinoma. The stool of 183 relatively unselected patients was examined for occult blood by means of this test in order to control its importance for clinical practice. In 37 patients (20%) the test was positive at least once. Apart from origins of haemorrhage in the lower gastrointestinal tract in the upper one haemorrhages were found in epistaxis, hiatal hernia, gastric and duodenal ulcers [7] and carcinomas of the stomach, the latter in an already advanced stages. In one female patient with carcinoma of the stomach the test was falsely positive. The negative test does not exclude a tumor, in a positive result should also be sought for a tumour in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Calculations of the valency of the test showed a good efficiency, sensitivity and specificity. PMID- 7222852 TI - [Internal medicine and clinical physiopathology]. AB - Internal medicine is understood as an applied part of medicine closely connected with the patient, the task of which is care of patients. Clinical pathophysiology is understood as theoretical and experimental field of medicine the task of which is the clarification of diseases by statement of functional connections. Among other things the two specialities used the clinico-diagnostical and clinico physiological (experimental) functional diagnostics for the solution of their task. The results are usable for the medical care immediately for the individual patient (prophylaxis, therapy, metaphylaxis, rehabilitation) or they will be for the patient's benefit as medico-theoretical knowledge (etiopathogenesis, sanogenesis, prognostics). Problems of realisation are entered at the instance of the respiratory functional diagnostic in the preliminary, basis and complex region under the aspect of personal and localisation questions of functional diagnostics. PMID- 7222853 TI - [Attitude of 1st-year nursing students toward the aged]. AB - In an unstandardized interview 25 nurse pupil were tested with regard to their opinion of ageing people and their expectation to their own ageing process. The results show that the characteristics of psychic ageing are widely known adequate to the results of the psychogerontological research. In detail influences of the deficit model and the disengagement theory are significant. Expectations to the own ageing process are characterized by role patterns being typical for our society. The teaching of internal medicine is accentuated as the suitable place to influence the behavior of these prospective contact persons of geriatric patients. PMID- 7222851 TI - [Differences and similarities of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis]. AB - Sometimes the demarcation of a colitis granulomatosa Crohn from an ulcerous colitis renders diagnostic difficulties. Also when certain communities of the two clinical pictures are recognizable, nevertheless the differences prevail. The judgment of the success of various forms of therapy and the further clarification of etiology and pathogenesis demand the differentiation in every case. Anamnesis, clinic, radiological findings, endoscopic and bioptical signs are building stones which in their totality render possible the findings of the diagnosis. Bioptical investigations in various stages of activity and after the beginning of the treatment are suited further to restrict the number of the non-classifiable colitides. PMID- 7222854 TI - [Clinical examinations of hemoptysis in chronic inflammatory bronchial diseases]. AB - It is reported on 150 patients who were clinically examined due to expectoration of blood, of whom 103 under went a bronchological diagnostics immediately after hospitalisation. As to the frequencies of causes the tuberculosis occupies the first place, then follows the chronic bronchitis. The frequency of tuberculosis is reached by the chronic unspecific inflammation of the bronchial wall, when the disease groups characterized by symptom - chronic bronchitis, bronchectasia, infected bronchiolectatic honeycomb lung - are united to one collective. The experiences show that by means of endobronchial haemostasis including the tamponade of the bronchus surgical interventions in bleedings of the lung may be avoided, apart form rare exceptions. PMID- 7222855 TI - [Megaloblastic erythropoiesis in stem cell leukemias]. AB - Among 62 untreated patients with acute leucaemia the primary appearance of a megaloblastic erythropoiesis in the sternal marrow was found in 21 patients. Age and sex were without importance. Megaloblastic cell changes were found only in those patients, the leucaemia cells of whom were classified as particularly immature and were attributed to the type of stem cells or paraleucoblasts. The megaloblastic erythropoiesis might be an expression of a particularly severe neoplastic change and disturbance of differentiation of the pluripotent stem cell. The behaviour of the primarily already megaloblastically disturbed erythropoiesis in patients with leucaemia under cytostatic therapy is described on two observations of the course, in which cases the change of the findings in the bone-marrow is evident. PMID- 7222857 TI - [Iatrogenic gynecomastia in aldosterone-antagonist therapy]. AB - In casuistic form is reported on a patient with double-sided painful gynaecomasty and development of a node in the right breast under therapy with aldosterone antagonists. In this case the pathogenetic factors in the development of spironolactone-induced gynaecomasties are discussed. After a longer application of spironolactone must be reckoned with a gynaecomasty particularly when chronic liver diseases exist. PMID- 7222856 TI - [Determination of gallstone ileus using emergency gastroscopy]. AB - It is reported on the diagnosis of a gallstone ileus in a 73-year-old female patient. In an otherwise quiescent anamnesis an increasing vomiting has been since 10 days. The X-ray examination of the stomach with visotrast 370 resulted in the suspicion of a pyloric stenosis. By means of emergency gastroscopy an independent disease of stomach and duodenum was excluded, but in the duodenal bulb 2 gallstones of the size of a hazel-nut and a kernel of the hazel-nut with references to a cholecystoduodenal fistula were established. In this case the emergency gastroscopy resulted in the indication to the immediate operation on account of gallstone ileus with previously unclear symptomatology of an ileus. Additionally a nearly hen's egg-sized stone was removed aborally 30 cm from Treitz's fascicle. PMID- 7222858 TI - [Monitoring of heparin therapy with activated recalcification time]. AB - In in-vivo- and in-vitro-examinations the activated recalcification time, the recalcification time of the plasma, the partial thromboplastin time and the thrombin time were compared concerning their suitability for the control of a heparin therapy. The laboratory methods tested considerably differed in their sensitivity compared with heparin and in the possibility of a quantitative statement. The use of a certain laboratory method depends on the indication for a heparin therapy and on the heparin concentration in the blood to be expected. While thrombin time, recalcification time of the plasma and the partial thromboplastin time are suited only for the proof of lower heparin concentrations, the activated recalcification time allows also the proof of higher heparin concentrations in the blood. PMID- 7222859 TI - [The effect of tiofedrine on brain perfusion in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency]. AB - The influence of intravenous tinofedrine (0.12 to 0.17 mg/kg body-weight) on cerebral blood flow has been investigated in 23 patients (mean age 65 years) with subacute cerebral infarction. The mean cerebral blood flow increased significantly by 20% in the infarcted hemisphere during a treatment period of 12 days. Clinically an improvement of an initially depressed vigilance level was established which was quantified psychopathometrically in 4 patients. PMID- 7222860 TI - [Endocardial mapping in the differential diagnosis of supraventricular arrhythmias]. AB - The surface ECG only in a restricted number allows evidence on the course off conduction in the atria. By introduction of the intracardial electrography into the clinic as well as various stimulation techniques has become possible better to analyse the formation of stimuli and the conduction system in man. The diagnosis of supraventricular arrhythmias renders particular difficulties. By recording of the intracardial potentials in as many as possible and defined points of the atria in relation to the fixed point possibly near to the sinus node (endocardial mapping) a better analysis of the excitation and conduction is possible. Only own examinations on 9 patients with sinus rhythm and supraventricular dysrhythmias by means of atrial mapping showed that origin and course of the conduction of cardial arrhythmias may be clarified better. The method mentioned according to our experiences hitherto made and reports in literature despite several lacks and difficulties in an enrichment of the diagnostic possibilities in supraventricular dysrhythmias. PMID- 7222861 TI - [Esophageal electrocardiography--new variants in derivation technics]. AB - Oesophageal electrocardiography provides for an analysis of heart rhythm that must be considered more accurate than the one obtained in a conventional electrocardiogram. Bipolar intraoesophageal and oesophagosternal or oesophagoparasternal leads, using adequate electrode cables, permit recordings, satisfactory from a technical point of view, even when applying the methods of provocations (ergometry). PMID- 7222862 TI - [The Lown-Ganong-Lewin syndrome--a rhythmologic unit?]. AB - 13 patients with the clinical diagnosis of a LGL-syndrome underwent a comprehensive analysis on account of therapeutically problematical tachycardias. In all cases the electrophysiological findings at most spoke for a partial av node-shunt or for a small av-node, never for a complete bypass. The analysis of the tachycardia possible in 12 cases showed various mechanisms which by a stimulus circulating over a partial av-node-shunt could be explained in the sense of tachycardia only in 3 patients. It is concluded that different mechanisms underlie the clinically homogeneous picture of the LGL-syndrome concerning the development of a tachycardia. PMID- 7222864 TI - [The value of peripheral venous pressure measurements in the lower extremities under static and dynamic conditions]. AB - With the help of 3 groups of persons (normal persons, carriers of varices, patients with deep phlebemphraxis) peripheral measurements of the venous pressure in a quiet standing (statical part) as well as before, during and after strong movements of the feet up and down (dynamical part) were performed. It was found that statical measurements do not allow a diagnostical evidence, and thus they are unsuitable for practice. However, measurements off the venous pressure under dynamical conditions in normal persons and carriers of varices show gradually different pressure-relieving changes in the veins of the feet, which nearly stay away when a deep phlebemphraxis of the legs is present. High frequencies of motion cause the clearest reliefs of the venous pressure in the feet, though also slow kinds of motion are still active. Sex-specific signs were not found. PMID- 7222863 TI - [Disorders in the regulation of blood pressure and heart rate as as expression of the autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus]. AB - In 30 diabetics with a peripheral neuropathy in comparison to a control group corresponding to age analyses of the circulation with continuous registration of the mean arterial pressure, of the heart and respiration rate were performed. For the objectivation of decreased waves of heart rate and blood pressure of 2nd and 3rd degree a spectral-analytic examination was additionally performed. The judgment of autonomous disturbances of regulation was made in every patient with the help of 10 functional parameters. No references to an autonomous neuropathy were found only in 2 patients, 1 to 4 pathological test results could be proved in 19 diabetics, and 5 to 9 pathological test results in 9 diabetics. A decreased respiratory arrhythmia in the stroke respiration and the absence of heart rate waves of 3rd degree in younger patients proved as particularly evident for the diagnosis of autonomous neuropathy. The present results of the examination refer to the fact that the inclusion of the complex examination methods using dynamic and rhythmologic functional parameters for the ascertainment of the diagnosis and for the graduation of the autonomous diabetic neuropathy is necessary. PMID- 7222865 TI - [Excretion of lead in the gastric and duodenal juice of persons with occupational lead poisoning and normal subjects]. AB - Lead was measured in the gastric and duodenal juice of three patients with lead poisoning (blood concentrations of lead: 4.30; 5.16; 5.50 mumol/l). The lead excretion into the gastric juice was 94.6; 29.9 and 18.3 nmol Pb X h-1 for the poisoned persons and 57.9 +/- 38.1 nmol Pb X h-1 for healthy persons (n = 20). Pentagastrin (6 microgram/kg, i.m.) stimulated lead excretion in both groups (normal + 109%, lead poisoned persons: + 180%; + 187%; + 311%). The lead excretion was correlated with an increase of HCl-secretion and volume in healthy persons. The lead excretion into the duodenal juice after secretion (1 unit/kg) amounted to 14.2 +/- 8.8 nmol Ph X h-1 in healthy persons, whereas after secretion plus caerulein 18.8 +/- 7.2 nmol Pb X h-1 were found. In the duodenal juice of the lead poisoned persons 27.5 and 474.9 nmol Ph X h-1 respec. were found after secretion and 58.9 and 491.8 nmol Pb X h-1 respec. after secretion plus caerulein. Lead excretion was correlated with enzyme secretion (trypsin and chymotrypsin). PMID- 7222866 TI - [Endoscopic papillotomy in Austria]. AB - In 5 gastroenterologic centres in Austria 383 EPT were performed at a total of 10031 ERCP until July 1980. In 350 cases this procedure was successful (91.3%). The most frequent indication was a choledocholithiasis in 300 cases (85.7%). Complete disappearance of gall stones was achieved in 94%. Complications happened in 14 patients (4%), in 4 patients (12%) surgical procedures were necessary consequently. The death rate was 0.6% (2 patients). These favorable results and the low rates of complications and letality of this procedure encourage for the more frequent use of this method for the treatment of choledocholithiasis also in Austria in capable and experienced hands. In view of reducing complications the limitation of the EPT to few specialised centres is demanded. PMID- 7222868 TI - [Endoscopic and histological alterations of the gastric mucosa in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Biopsies of mucosa from all regions of the stomach were obtained with endoscopic guidance from two groups of people. One group consisted of 80 patients who suffered from chronic renal insufficiency in various stages and had not yet been dialysed. The other group consisted of 80 healthy individuals. Both groups had the same age distribution. Histological examinations of the biopsies did not reveal significant differences between the two groups. The same was true for macroscopic examinations of stomach and duodenum. Changes indicating a so called "uremic gastritis" were not observed. PMID- 7222867 TI - [Hyperinsulinaemia and impaired glucose tolerance in chronic inflammatory liver disease (author's disease)]. AB - In 64 patients suffering from chronic inflammatory liver disease (alcoholic hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, chronic persistent hepatitis) significantly increased values of blood glucose and insulin, free fatty acids and C-peptide were observed during a 100 g oral glucose load. Fasting values of blood glucose, free fatty acids and C-peptide were also increased, while serum growth hormone remained unchanged. In patients with chronic active hepatitis the C peptide/insulin-ratio, a measure for hepatic insulin degradation, was significantly lowered after glucose uptake. During oral load there were no discernible differences between the different types of chronic inflammatory liver disease concerning blood glucose, serum insulin and free fatty acids. In normal weight and in overweight patients suffering from liver disease blood glucose and serum insulin values were increased to the same extent. As it is known from the liver cirrhosis chronic inflammatory liver disease lead to an insulin resistance, to which elevated free fatty acid levels contribute. Increased body weight has no influence on the insulin resistance observed in chronic liver inflammation. From the changes of the C-peptide and the C-peptide/insulin-ratio it can be deduced, that the hyperinsulinism in patients with chronic inflammatory liver disease is due to both insulin hypersecretion and diminished hepatic insulin degradation. PMID- 7222869 TI - [Priming of cervix with prostaglandin gel during immature birth situation at term (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on a controlled, randomized double-blind study by which the effect of intracervically applied Prostaglandin in F2 alpha Gel was examined with regard to the cervix during immature vaginal situation. 124 patients were included in the study. 4 of these had to be dropped because of documentation errors. Age, duration of pregnancy and percentage share of primiparae were approximately equal in both groups. The results show that administration of Prostaglandin Gel via the intracervical route can provoke birth within the next 36 hours in more than 75% of the cases. Only 12.8% of the cases belonged to this category in the control group. Results are somewhat poorer in primiparae. Coarser side effects did not occur in our group, and there is also no higher incidence of surgical deliveries. No negative influence on newborn is to be expected. Results are presented, discussed and compared with those communicated in the available literature. PMID- 7222870 TI - [Dynamics of the fetal EEG spectral pattern in normal delivery (author's transl)]. AB - While correlations of cerebral development and EEG of the newborn are well known, there are only a few investigations concerning the fetal EEG (FEEG). This depends mainly on the higher rate of artefacts under the conditions of delivery when bioelectrical phenomenas of low voltage are registered. Under these aspects special recording techniques such as special electrodes, filters and computerized analysis are necessary (G. Haase & Sohn, Feinwerktechnik, 2000 Wedel/Holstein (Impedanz: 3-5 kOhm). The FEEG was recorded continuously under the demands of a delivery room at 18 normal deliveries and regular developed children with inconspicious cardiotocogram (CTG) and normal acid-base-status (ABS). In some cases we continued the FEEG-documentation after birth into the first hours of the perinatal period. A precise documentation of the biological as well as mechanical artefacts was realized. The cerebral electrical phenomenas consisted of two major categories: a) cerebral autorhythmic events (EEG of the newborn) and b) environmental factors. These alterations account to labour and fetal heart rate (FHR). In contrast to recent publications of other workers in this field, emphasis was laid on longterm analysis of cerebroelectric variations. The present data describe the dynamics of the FEEG-alterations under the demand of a normal delivery. The spectral analysis of FEEG-pattern under fetal distress needs further investigation. PMID- 7222872 TI - [Perioperative metronidazole-prophylaxis for cesarian section (author's transl]. AB - A prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 103 patients undergoing cesarian section to assess the efficacy of prophylactic, intravenously administered Metronidazole on the infectious morbidity. A group of 53 patients with perioperative Metronidazol-prophylaxis was compared to a similar controll group without prophylaxis. Bacteriologic swabs were taken from the cervix pre- and postoperatively, using anaerobic transport media. Prophylactic Metronidazole reduced postoperative fever of more than 38 degrees C on two subsequent days from 60% in the controll-group to 30,2% in the Metronidazole-group (p less than 0,01) wound infections were reduced from 18% without to 5,7% with prophylaxis (p less than 0,05) and Endometritis from 30% without to 13,2% with prophylaxis (p less than 0,05). An additional antibiotic therapy was necessary in 44% of the cases in the controllgroup, compared to 24,5% of the cases in the Metronidazolegroup (p less than 0,05). The mean duration of hospitalisation was reduced from 12,1 +/- 3,2 days in the controll-group to 11,2 +/- 2,1 in the Metronidazole-group (p less than 0,01). Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the servical swabs in 60% preoperatively, with a still increasing incidence to 72% postoperatively, compared to 7% in the Metronidazole-group. Our results suggest, that prophylactic, intravenously administered Metronidazol reduces the infectious morbidity following cesarian section due to the reduction of the anaerobic flora at the female genital-tract. PMID- 7222871 TI - [DU-total oestrogens, S-unconjugated oestriol and S-total oestriol in hypotrophy. A comparison of the clinical relevance on a quantitative basis (author's transl)]. AB - In 34 risk pregnancies with 34 hypotrophic newborns we determined during the second half of pregnancy the 24-hour urinary total oestrogens, unconjugated oestriol and total oestriol in the serum. By means of graphical evaluation of the pathological ranges in relation to the normal ranges (degree of overlapping) we investigated the relative clinical relevance. In respect of hypotrophy the ratio of dU-total oestrogens: S-unconjugated oestriol: S-total oestriol = 14:2:1. The considerable superiority of diagnosis based on urine in transverse assessment results in a statistically significant time gain of 4 weeks compared with the two serum parameters. PMID- 7222874 TI - [Blood supply of the organs in the pregnant and non-pregnant guinea pig with special reference to uteroplacental blood flow (author's transl)]. AB - The relative and specific maternal blood flow to the placenta and other organs at 15 pregnant and 16 non pregnant guinea pigs (Pirbright White) was determined by using the microspheres-method (Tc 99m). Renal blood flow of the pregnant guinea pigs decreases for about 30% in comparison to the non pregnant animals (2 p less than 0.005). The uterine blood flow to the left and right horn does not differ significantly. mean = 6.9% from the cardiac output are directed to uterus, placenta and ovary. Refer to the uterus and its content the specific blood flow is 5.9 (SD = 2.5) ml . min-1 . 100 g-1. The specific uteroplacental blood flow depends on the cardiac output (2 p less than 0.05). 75% of the uteroplacental blood flow are directed to the placenta and 25% to the myometrium. This relation is not constant and depends on the mean maternal arterial blood pressure (2 p less than 0.005). PMID- 7222873 TI - [Myoglobin in the myometrium of the uterus? (author's transl)]. AB - Publications dealing with the question if myoglobin is to be found in the smooth muscle cells, are searce and contradictory. The radioimmunologic determination of serum myoglobin to confirm or exclude myocardial necrosis gains increasing importance, also in the perinatological field. In order to determine if the uterus contains myoglobin which would interfere with differential diagnostical procedures, we examined homogenized myometrium concerning it lies between 0,021 and 0,31 microgram/g myometrium, and is therefore neglectable. After exclusion of diseases of skeletal muscle, myoglobin is a significant parameter of myocardial necrosis. PMID- 7222875 TI - [Foetal growth and placental blood flow in the guinea pig (author's transl)]. AB - Fetal growth depends on nutrition, mainly of glucose. However, there is good evidence that not only nutritive factors, but uterine blood flow controls fetal growth as well. Therefore it was the question, if fetal growth in pregnant guinea pigs (Pirbright White) depends on placental blood flow too. Placental blood flow was determined by using the microspheres-method (Tc 99m). Is there one fetus in one uterus-horn and two fetus in the other uterus-horn the relation of blood flow is 36 to 64%. Refer to the weight of placenta and fetus it excists however a roughly similar blood flow (54 and 46%). The position of the fetus in the uterus horn is not relevant if only two fetus are found in one uterus-horn. Does one uterus-horn contain three fetus, the placental blood flow depends on its localization in this horn. In comparison to the middle and cervical position of the placenta the blood flow is significantly higher to the placenta neighbouring the ovar. A significant correlation is found between fetal weight and placental blood flow when fetal weight in percent of the weight of the whole fetal content is plottet against placental blood flow in percent of the blood flow to all placentas (p 2 less than 0.001). PMID- 7222876 TI - Maternal pacemaker activity mimicking fetal heart rate during labour. AB - An instance of maternal pacemaker activity mimicking the fetal heart rate is presented. As far as we know, this is the first reported case where maternal pacemaker pulses have been recorded by fetal scalp electrode. PMID- 7222877 TI - [Effect of lymphokines on skin cancer]. PMID- 7222878 TI - [Familial lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7222879 TI - ["Swimming-pool granuloma"--an infection of skin with mycobacterium marinum (author's transl)]. AB - A typical case of infection with Mycobacterium marinum is demonstrated. Mycobacterium marinum, the symptoms and signs of infection and the way of treatment are shown. PMID- 7222881 TI - [Is chronic recurrent urticaria a psychosomatic disease?]. AB - A random group of 37 patients with chronic recurrent urticaria, 26 female and 11 male, was subjected to multidimensional personality tests (Freiburg personality inventory, FPI, Freiburg aggression test, FAF) whereas, deviating from establishing standards, introversion, nervousness, psychosomatic disturbance were more pronounced in the urticaria group, the following traits in deviation from normal standards were not noted: depression, irritability, sociability, emotional instability, composure. Nevertheless, this group appeared to be less communicative, more inhibited, compliant, and less dominant and aggressive. Neither did they show signs of socially accepted expression of negative and annoyed emotions nor socially desirable signs of assertiveness. A high rate of coincidence with other psychosomatic disorders such as frequent headache (18/37), chronic gastritis (19 of 37) and ulcus duodeni (5 of 37) and migraineous headache (6 of 37) was also found in this group. In all cases explorable latent conflictive situations (frequent ambivalence) and negative childhood experience are further indicative of psychosomatic diseases. PMID- 7222880 TI - [Acariasis due to dermanyssus gallinae (gamosoidosis) in Vienna (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of gamasoidosis (avian mite dermatitis) caused by Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer 1778) were observed in a factory for optical instruments in Vienna. After removal of an infected pigeon nest outside one of the windows in a recess of the wall in front of a fan, no further skin lesions appeared. The darkening of the room during work hours could explain the activity of the mites during day time. Although gamasoidosis is mainly seen in rural areas, it is not infrequently encountered in urban settings and should always enter the differential diagnosis in the presence of pruriginous skin lesions not meeting all of the diagnostic criteria of scabies. PMID- 7222883 TI - [Improvement of the IgM-FTA-ABS Test--Short Communication (author's transl)]. AB - With immobilized Protein A from Staph. aureus, treponema-specific IgG can be removed from patient's serum by affinity chromatography. The IgM-FTA-ABS-test can be improved decisively by eliminating competition at the antigen of treponema specific IgM and IgG and thus false negative results. PMID- 7222884 TI - [Malignant melanoma and Kaposi's sarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - A 46 years old woman with lymph node metastases of a malignant melanoma, without signs of the primary tumor developed in addition to it skin lesions of a Kaposi's sarcoma. Since the risk for developing additional primary malignancies is increased in melanoma patients, each patient must be carefully evaluated not only at the time of initial diagnosis but regularly thereafter. If diagnosed early and treated properly the additional tumor should result in no significant further risk to life. PMID- 7222886 TI - [Melanosis mucosae oris (author's transl)]. AB - A brown pigmentation of the oral mucosa occurred in 2 patients after sucking of wick-cough sweet and Theila-tablets over a longer period of time. PMID- 7222885 TI - [Surgical treatment of skin changes in cutis laxa (author's transl)]. AB - Cutis laxa is an extremely rare genetic disorder of connective tissue. The striking dermatologic features are loose skin folds and skin laxity. Due to these folds the patients appear to be prematurely aged. Plastic surgery can improve these changes. This treatment is especially indicated in patients with the autosomal dominant type of cutis laxa where internal manifestations do not occur. We report the case of a seventeen years old boy with cutis laxa and surgical therapy. PMID- 7222882 TI - [Granuloma anulare--an indication for photochemotherapy? (author's transl)]. AB - Typical granuloma anulare lesions of 2 years duration on the elbows of a 50-year old woman cleared completely after intense sunlight exposure. A recurrence resolved under local PUVA-treatment (total dose 10.2 Joule/cm2). An extended study is needed to evaluate the usefulness of PUVA-therapy in granuloma anulare. PMID- 7222889 TI - [Scintigraphy of liver after combined chemo-/immunotherapy with malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty patients with malignant melanoma received combined chemo-/immunotherapy with Dacarbazine and BCG after operation. Before therapy and 6-10 weeks after the liver was examined by clinical, laboratory and scintigraphic means. We wanted to find out the side effects of the therapy on liver and the use of the gated scintigraphy to diagnose liver parenchymal changes. Each of the patients had normal laboratory results as well as a normal scintigraphy before therapy. After chemotherapy 19 patients had a pathological liver scintigram. Also specific liver enzymes were elevated. While 12 patients showed a diffuse, inhomogeneous liver pattern with scintigraphy, 5 patients had an additional diffuse liver increase on top. Four patients also showed signs of intrahepatic cholestasis. In 11 patients the result was unsignificant. Related to the liver toxicity of Dacarbazine, liver scintigraphy is able to detect a liver reaction at a point where laboratory and clinical signs don't give a significant information. PMID- 7222888 TI - [Therapy of hirsutism with cyproterone acetate (author's transl)]. AB - 21 female patients with pronounced, predominantly idiopathic hirsutism were treated for six month wit preparation SH B 209 AB (Diane, Schering corp.) supplemented by 10 mg Cyproterone acetate between the 5th and 20th day of the menstrual cycle. The results of this therapy were clinically assessed as excellent in 5 patients, 11 patients showed a considerable, and 4 a moderate reduction of hirsutism, 1 patient showed no improvement. The results were quantified by measurement of hair thickness. In almost all cases a reduction was found, the mean value being 18,74%. No correlation could be found between therapeutic success and menstrual cycle anamnesis. PMID- 7222887 TI - [Frequency and relevance of some cross-, concomitant- and pseudo-cross allergies (author's transl)]. AB - Examples of cross-, concomitant- and pseudo-cross allergies are discussed based on the results obtained in a series of patch tests made with 31 chemical allergens. Special attention is paid to the relevance of positivity. Para-group allergy is analysed as an example of cross-allergy. Analysis of various combinations of allergy to p-phenylene diamine and phenylisopropyl-p-phenylene diamine suggests that in addition to the classical cross-allergy, concomitant sensitization may also occur. Concomitant allergy to three metals (chromium, cobalt and nickel) is discussed. Concomitant sensitization to chromium and cobalt has been found to occur most frequently. Associated positivity to various aromatic balsam-like substances (balsam of Peru, turpentine, colophony, wood tar) has been interpreted as pseudo-cross-allergy. PMID- 7222890 TI - [Unguis incarnatus syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Authors establish the occurrence of unguis incarnatus syndrome of Steigleder and Stober-Munster in 114 patients with ingrowing nails. Disturbed carbohydrate metabolism deserves particular attention. PMID- 7222891 TI - [Pachydermoperiostosis (Touraine-Solente-Gole syndrome). Clinical and radiological differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - This report describes a patient with pachydermoperiostosis (Touraine-Solente-Gole syndrome). This disorder is characterized by clubbing of the terminal phalanges with watchglass-like nails, enlargement of hands and feet, pachydermia and periostotic skeletal changes. The signs of pachydermia are cutis verticis et frontis gyrata, ptosis and increased skin-thickness of the palms of the hand and soles of the feet. Frequently, a hyperhidrosis of the hands and feet can be found. The differential diagnosis of clinical symptoms and changes in the bones is discussed in detail. PMID- 7222892 TI - [A patient with total congenital anonychia and depression (author's transl)]. AB - A rare case of total congenital anonychia was observed in one of our patients. In his family also the mother, a sister and a brother show the same defect. Other abnormalities could not be found. PMID- 7222893 TI - [Urticaria and "aspirin intolerance"--part of an interdisciplinary pathogenetic principle? (author's transl)]. AB - Like the so-called "aspirin asthma", the aspirin-induced provocation of chronic urticaria is a symptom of the intolerance syndrome. This may also be induced by various other drugs, particularly by indomethacin and food additives. The intolerance syndromes of the "Aspirin type", however, must be assigned to the "anaphylactoid reactions" in man which also include the non-immunologic reactions to radiographic contrast media and colloids in blood substitutes. It has not yet been investigated in how far the mechanisms of these three clinical types of anaphylactoid reactions are similar or identical; however, this appears to be the case at least with aspirin intolerance and anaphylactoid reactions to contrast media. According to our observations in 150 urticaria patients, the non immunologic aspirin-induced urticaria (and probably also the "aspirin asthma") should furthermore be divided into real provocation within the meaning of a chemical Koebner phenomenon, and "aspirin urticaria" as a symptom of the intolerance syndrome as such. A rel provocation of pre-existent urticaria is much less frequent than superimposed urticaria as a mere symptom of the intolerance syndrome. An exact differentiation is only possible in patients without any clinical symptoms after additive-free diet as well as on the basis of the phenomenon of "figuration". The most important substance as mediator for intolerance urticaria is histamine. In contrast to the usual urticaria, H2 antagonists are an important adjuvant to the traditional H1-antagonists in the symptomatic therapy. PMID- 7222895 TI - [Concurrence of lichen planus pemphigoides and ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. AB - Lichen planus belongs to the group of frequent skin diseases. Therefore, the concurrence with other diseases might be expected by chance. However, the bullous form of lichen planus is a rare disease and for this variant a coincidence with malignant diseases, tumors and systemic diseases, has been reported. Additionally, in the last decade the association of lichen planus respectively lichen planus pemphigoides and diseases accompanied with or caused by immunologic dysfunction has been pointed out. This concerns lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, and ulcerative colitis, diseases, which are accompanied by circulating organ-specific antibodies. A further patient is reported who developed a lichen planus pemphigoides consecutively to an ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7222894 TI - [Bowenoid papulosis of the genitals (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical report, histology and course of bowenoid papulosis of the genitals in 17 patients. Numerous papules are found on the external genitals of both sexes. There is a predominance of young adult males. The discrepancy between Bowen's disease-like histology and the patient age, as well as obvious benign course is noticeable. As a result of the benign course and age of patients and the distinct histological characteristics, it therefore appears correct to consider bowenoid papules of the genitals as an atypical morphological variation of condylomata acuminata. In any case an examination of the partners is indicated to discover possible "contact-infections". PMID- 7222896 TI - [Electronmicroscopic investigations of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva after cryosurgery (author's transl)]. AB - A female with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva, which had been treated by intralesional corticosteroid injection and vulvectomy showed again a recurrence of the disease. This time the lesion was treated by cryosurgery. The diseased tissue was investigated by electronmicroscopy during the consecutive phases of the procedure of cryosurgery. PMID- 7222897 TI - [Anti-Cartesianism and psychophysical relations]. AB - 20th Century philosophical Anti-Cartesianism has not succeeded in developing either a generally valid theory, or a unitary conceptual framework for such a theory. In this respect it is to be distinguished, most especially, from the legacy of Cartesian ontology. The most primary revision envisaged by the latter appears to be one which starts out from the particularity of the person's experience of his own body. The question of the possibility of such a revised ontology will be considered here from the standpoint of a contrast between the psycho-physical dualism of Classical and Modern times, with regard to their immanental pre-supposition. From a methodological point of view, this enquiry will be oriented round the multiple meanings inherent in the basic relation between things and ideas; from which it will be apparent that they can be interpreted out of more than one single ontological frame of reference. PMID- 7222898 TI - [Thoughts on a psychological model of optimal development]. AB - Developmental planning and intervention involves technical decisions as well as decisions about developmental goals. The view that empirically oriented psychologists can only contribute to technical decisions is widely accepted but is seen to be open to serious question after a closer examination of some general characteristics of decision processes. It is argued that psychologists can also significantly contribute to decisions about developmental goals, especially if a "human-oriented" developmental planning is attempted, which takes human needs, interests and developmental motives into account. After regarding some basic problems in empirically substantiating hypotheses about individual needs and interests, arguments are advanced against "closed" developmental models, which are based on restrictive need-theoretical assumptions. Finally, some characteristics of an "open" model of optimal development are outlined. PMID- 7222899 TI - [Possibilities of cognitive and functional behavior analysis and the resulting therapeutic interventions in a mentally retarded pyromaniac]. AB - Apart from general educational and treatment practices there is practically no attempt in providing specific rehabilitation programs for the mentally retarded adult firesetter. After a brief review of cognitive-behavior modification approaches in self-control training, the authors report on a method which has proved to be effective in cognitive and behavior analysis under threatening penalty conditions in a case of mental retardation with a history of repeated firesetting. The treatment goals are derived from the functional behavioral and cognitive analysis of the problem situation, the developmental analysis including attitudes and attributions, the motivational and self-control analysis and the analysis of social conditions. Fire-setting is defined as an operant behavior under discriminative stimulus control. An individual treatment program relevant to the different therapeutic targets is established. The proceedings are described by the authors. PMID- 7222900 TI - [Identity and the imagination of the personal sphere]. AB - Identity is a sense of self-sameness and continuity in time, and of embeddedness in the environment. The integrity of this sense depends on the reliability of the boundaries of the self, and on the anchorage in object relationships. Investigations with the Personal Sphere Model, a graphic test for object relationships, have shown that the self and its relationships are arranged in spatial constellations, which are characteristics for the individual and remain constant over time. It appears that these constellations are based on cognitive schemes, which reflect spatial images of the self and its environment, and thus of the sense of identity. PMID- 7222902 TI - [Neuropsychology of frontobasal and frontoconvex brain lesions]. AB - Returning to our initial hypothesis, i.e. whether it is possible to define differences of personality changes between frontobasal and frontoconvex brain lesions which can be interpreted by neuropsychological test methods, we can draw the following conclusions: It was possible to show significant differences between the two groups on all four levels and with all four test methods. Depending on the exact localisation of the lesions the "frontal syndrome" could in many cases be defined as a basal or a convex syndrome on the basis of the accompanying mental changes. We think that our findings justify further neuropsychological studies on the clinical and psychopathological characteristics of these groups of lesions. PMID- 7222901 TI - [Conversation contents in person centered conversation groups and their relationship with process variables in non-clients]. AB - 90 persons of different professions and ages (18 to 85 years old) took part in a total of 9 person-centered encounter groups of 2 1/2 days each. The groups were completely tape-recorded (163 hours) and rated by experts into 7 categories of "contents-of-talking". These categories were correlated with process-variables (talking behaviour and individual problems of the participants). MAIN RESULTS: For 26% of the total time of these groups the participants talked about their problems about interpersonal relations. After these groups the participants stated that they had experienced relief in their dissatisfaction with own behaviour and emotional problems. They experienced this relief although they had talked relatively little about these problems. PMID- 7222903 TI - [Sports, physical activity and risk for coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - In a review of the current literature, the importance of physical activity in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease is critically analyzed. The main results concerning a direct protective effect of physical training remain controversial. The problems of such epidemiological studies become apparent. Still, there seems to be evidence that a certain amount of physical activity, particularly during leisure time, has beneficial effects on known coronary risk factors such as high serum triglycerides and free fatty acids, obesity, high blood pressure as well as smoking habits and, thus, may reduce the coronary risk indirectly inducing psychological effects and changes in life-style. PMID- 7222904 TI - [Thallium-201-myocardial imaging after high dose dipyridamole (author's transl)]. AB - Biphasic thallium-201-myocardial imaging was performed in 100 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The images were obtained in several views after the administration of dipyridamole (0.50 mg/kg body weight) and 4 hours later. 24 patients had normal coronary arteries or insignificant stenoses, in 74 patients a 70-percent or greater stenosis of one or more coronary arteries was present. 55 transmural myocardial scars were diagnosed by left ventriculography in 53 patients. The described method showed a sensitivity of 93 percent and a specificity of 96 percent in the detection of patients with significant coronary artery stenoses. Irreversible perfusion defects were found in 91 percent of myocardial scars, in additional 7 percent the scintigraphic defects were reversible. In patients with multivessel disease and transmural infarctions, only one third of non-infarction-related stenoses were recognized. The number of angiographically stenotic coronary arteries could be determined scintigraphically only in a minority of the cases. The regional sensitivity in the assessment of LAD and right coronary artery stenoses was higher than for the left circumflex artery (75%, 80%, and 48% resp.), the specificity was equally high for all three vessels (96%, 99%, 100%). PMID- 7222905 TI - [Measurement of regional and global coronary sinus blood flow with the continuous thermodilution technique. II. Clinical studies in patients with coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - Coronary sinus blood flow, great cardiac vein flow, myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial lactate extraction were measured in 38 patients (12 female, 26 male) at rest and during supraventricular pacing until angina or av block occurred. 17 patients without significant coronary artery stenosis in the angiogram built the control group (group I). 15 patients had 2- or 3-vessel disease (group II), 6 exhibited an isolated LAD-stenosis of 80 to 95% cross section area (group III). There were no significant differences at rest between the 3 groups. Whereas pressure-heart rate product, coronary sinus blood flow and great cardiac vein flow, increased significantly during pacing in group I and II, there was only a slight increase in great cardiac vein flow from 77 +/- 22 to 83 +/- 19 ml/min in group III. Flow/beat only in this group declined significantly from 1.07 +/- 0.2 at rest to 0.68 +/- 0.1 ml during pacing (p less than 0.001). Coronary reserve capacity of these patients is probably reduced at rest, and flow during pacing can increase only insufficiently. Because rate-pressure product during pacing rose significantly, myocardial oxygen demand rose as well. The fact of a significant myocardial lactate production during pacing in group III indicates that increased myocardial oxygen demand in this group could not be adequately supplied. Also patients in group II produced lactate during pacing in contrast to patients of group I. So, if blood flow in the individual may be similar in patients with and without coronary artery disease, simultaneous measurements of myocardial lactate extraction can discriminate between both groups. PMID- 7222906 TI - [Antiarrhythmic therapy with flecainide in acute experimental myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical and experimental studies indicate that ventricular arrhythmias, especially ventricular fibrillation, are in almost all cases the mechanism for sudden death occurring during the first 24 hours after the onset of an ischaemic myocardial event. Therefore a higher survival rate seems to depend on advances in antiarrhythmic therapy. The present study investigates the efficacy of the new local anaesthetic compound Flecainide in reducing or preventing ventricular arrhythmias and primary ventricular fibrillation, using a standardized experimental canine preparation. Our findings demonstrate that ventricular arrhythmias due to severe transmural myocardial infarction are reduced by 80-90% following the application of Flecainide. In some cases a complete abolition of the arrhythmias can be observed. The striking reduction in ventricular ectopics includes decreases in ventricular salves and R-on-T phenomena, which may lead to sudden death by precipitating ventricular fibrillation. The beneficial antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory actions of Flecainide affect only the arrhythmias resulting from transmural necrosis of the myocardium ("in-hospital arrhythmias", 2nd-phase arrhythmias"), whereas the incidence of early ventricular arrhythmias, especially ventricular fibrillation occurring in the very inception of myocardial ischaemia ("pre-hospital arrhythmias", "1st-phase arrhythmias") is not prevented. Changes in hemodynamics and contractility due to Flecainide are not severe, even in myocardial infarction. Thus, our results indicate that the application of Flecainide in acute myocardial infarction in man may be successful in reducing therapy-resistant ventricular dysrhythmias. PMID- 7222908 TI - [Diagnosis of atrial left-to-right shunts by cross-sectional contrast echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - We have used cross-sectional contrast echocardiography with peripheral venous injection in 3 groups of patients: A) 23 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD); B) 19 patients with various forms of heart disease, but no evidence of ASD; C) 11 patients with proven interatrial communication, but no significant left-to-right shunt. The contrast studies were performed with a mechanical sector scanner and were evaluated retrospectively but "blindly", i.e. without knowing the patient's name and diagnosis and without knowing that part of the echocardiogram, which had been recorded before injecting contrast. The sound track of the video recorder was turned off. Left-to-right atrial shunting could be demonstrated in 20/23 (87%) patients with ASD, and in all 14 patients in whom both the parasternal and the apical examination technique had been used. The left to-right shunt was seen as a stream of contrast-free blood flowing from the left atrium into the right atrium and washing away the contrast echoes at the site of the defect. This "negative contrast" or "wash-out" effect was accompanied by turbulences in the right atrium. All 22 patients with this sign had interatrial communications, but interestingly there were 2 patients in whom no definite left to-right shunt could be demonstrated by oxymetry. Thus the "wash-out" phenomenon seems to be specific for a defect, but not necessarily a significant left-to right shunt. Right-to-left atrial shunts were diagnosed in 65% of the ASD group. A left-to-right or right-to-left shunt was never diagnosed in any of the control patients. Seemingly turbulent blood flow, the intermittent appearance of contrast free blood (presumably from the coronary sinus or the inferior vena cava) in the right atrium and a "wash-out" effect at the site of the entry of the inferior vena cava are potential sources of error. However, our blind analysis has shown that these pitfalls can be avoided. PMID- 7222909 TI - [Computerized axial tomography of a heart wall tumor (author's transl)]. AB - The use of CT has rarely reported in the work-up of cardiac patients. A case of a tumor in the wall of the left ventricle is reported which was much better visualized in regard to size, shape, and density by CT than by cardiac scanning and angiography. PMID- 7222907 TI - [New aspects in the pathogenesis of the prolonged QT-interval syndrome with syncopal attacks. Intracardiac ECG recordings during atrial stimulation in 4 patients (author's transl)]. AB - Three families with the syndrome of hereditary prolonged QT interval affecting 12 members in two or three generations are described. Four patients with sinus bradycardia and frequent syncopal attacks were investigated by Holter-monitoring, His-bundle electrograms and exercise testing. Corrected QT intervals (QTc) were prolonged from 0.43 to 0.54 seconds at rest. In His-bundle electrograms, during atrial pacing at increasing rates the function of the entire conduction system seemed to be affected. Three patients were treated with pindolol and one patient with a permanent demand pacemaker and pindolol. During progressive exercise testing performed after drug therapy or pacemaker treatment, heart rate increased unsatisfactorily and QTc-intervals lengthened whereas atrial stimulation QTc intervals remained unchanged. In the patient with a permanent demand pacemaker, electrocardiographic monitoring revealed a period of 25 seconds of ventricular tachycardia occurring at rest and ceasing spontaneously. In the past 1.2 years to 2.5 years (mean 2.1 years) of outpatient follow-up, the patients had normal exercise tolerance and syncopal attacks did not occur on pindolol 30 mg/day. Our findings suggest rather a hypersensitivity of the affected conclusion system in the presence of a normal activity of cardiac sympathetic nerves. PMID- 7222912 TI - [Psychotherapy of neurotic disorders in older adults: a new doorway to life]. AB - The general concept of neurosis in old age includes the classical forms as well as the ones specific to this particular community and, also, the reactions to social circumstances. This point of view practically covers the greatest part of the behavior that the ones we call "elders" usually show and almost drives us to give a psychological definition of this state. Etiology of these disorders is plural. It involves the role of the emotional past, of the medicosocial implications of ageing, especially regarding affectivity. Psychotherapeutic intervention needs a great pliancy allowing to interfere both on the pragmatic and the interpretative levels. The freudian prejudice build up on the impediment of psycho-affective rigidity hides the unconscious fears of the therapist towards his own old age as well as the fear of being questioned about his efficiency. A restriction in the means as well as in the therapeutic ambition is not underrating but rather valorizing his action in which he must show self-control and suppleness. This psychotherapy must catalyze the energy that the elderly displays in his quest of unity. It trends to give back the individual an unlimited opening on life. PMID- 7222910 TI - [Significance of collaterals in protection of resting myocardial function in coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - The significance of collaterals for left ventricular function at rest was studied on the basis of 345 consecutive angiographies of patients with coronary heart disease. According to the severity of coronary stenosis, patients were assigned to groups with one-, two-, and three-vessel disease. Subgroups were formed based on the extent of narrowing in percent. All angiograms were examined for the presence and absence of collaterals. The significance of the collaterals in evidence was quantified in terms of a collateral score. To assess left ventricular function, global (left ventricular enddiastolic pressure, left ventricular enddiastolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction) and regional (percentage hemiaxis shortening) parameters were employed. Within the groups with the same degree of coronary stenosis, no differences in left ventricular function were observed even when regrouping was carried out according to the presence or absence of collaterals. The collateral score, however, suggested that left ventricular function was better in patients with good collaterals than in those with poor collaterals. Regional parameters of left ventricular function underscore the protective effect of collaterals for left ventricular function at rest particularly clearly. Global parameters of left ventricular function do not demonstrate this relationship quite as decisively, since regional disturbances of contractile function may be compensated for by hypercontraction of other wall areas. PMID- 7222911 TI - [An increasing interest in the psychotherapeutic problems in middle and old age]. PMID- 7222913 TI - [The heart anxiety syndrome in older patients]. AB - Elderly patients suffer of cardiac neurosis in a much higher percentage than is generally assumed. This is the result of a study performed in an outpatient psychogeriatric clinic. The syndrome is described with special regard to changes due to advancing age. Some diagnostic and therapeutic consequences are shown. The question whether this psychogeriatric investigation may also help to clarify age independent problems of cardiac neurosis is discussed in a broader psychiatric perspective. PMID- 7222914 TI - [Behavior therapy in older adults]. AB - Behavior therapy has up to now, only been applied to a limited degree to elderly people. Operant learning paradigma receive special meaning within the framework of intervention as well as theoretical explanation. Publications will be presented for the areas of social behavior, self care, motoric ability etc. according to their different techniques. It is remarkable that interest has only focused institutionalized elderly people with a high degree of incapacitation. In the following discussion the necessity for stronger consideration of the newer behavioral approach as well the latest developments in gerontology will be made clear. PMID- 7222916 TI - [Psychotherapy in old age - experiences with individual therapy in geriatric and geronto-psychiatric patients]. AB - Individual psychotherapy with the old is being described and analyzed on the basis of treatment experiences with 48 geriatric and gerontopsychiatric patients aged 80 to 96. Furthermore conditions of successfully integrating psychotherapists in the team of geriatric hospital are examined. Special problems in treating the chronically and terminally ill are dealt with and resulting therapeutical aims are discussed. PMID- 7222917 TI - [Therapy through social workers? The tasks of social therapy in the aged]. AB - In therapeutic treatment of emotionally ill old persons it is imperative to consider the effect that social environment, diseases, disabilities and increasing dependency have on the individual. It is the purpose of this paper to present a psychoanalytically orientated concept, that integrates both the exploration and analysis of intrapsychic conflicts and supporting interventions by way of social therapy. This is shown for individual as well as for group settings. There is also a discussion of the possibilities to have this treatment carried out by specially trained social workers. PMID- 7222915 TI - [Care of aged psychiatric patients in a multidisciplinary center]. AB - On the basis of recent German, English and French publications dealing with the increasing numbers of emotionally disturbed old persons the measures required to master that problem are discussed. The out-patient center in Lausanne (CH) is described as a successfully working model. Finally the attempt is made to estimate the extent of supplementary therapeutic intervention required in the near future. PMID- 7222918 TI - [Intervention measures in social work in institutional gerontopsychiatry]. AB - Social-worker has to follow up important functions within the diagnosis and therapy of a gerontopsychiatric station. His employment also concerns patients with serious psychiatric syndromes as well as depression, paranoia, and dementia. Social-worker completes the function of medical doctor and nurses, has to attend to patient's interests, and gives informations and advice to persons and institutions of environment. Group-therapy belonging patients and other persons to is able to prevent the regressive tendency of psychiatric persons in older age. PMID- 7222919 TI - [Therapeutic travel with patients in a gerontopsychiatric polyclinic]. AB - In order to look into the problem of social isolation of mentally ill old people, we organized a 3-week trip for 19 patients, most of them depressive, of a psychogeriatric outpatient clinic. The group was professionally supervised by a team of four therapists. Patients were selected in accordance with the following main therapeutic goals: -Physical and mental stimulation through exposure to new impressions, -Promotion of social behaviour, -Opportunities for new interpersonal contacts, -Motivation for further individual travel activities, -Relaxation. Preparations comprised an interview and six group contacts. Four additional group meetings were held afterwards. The results of the trip were assessed by means of ratings made by the patients themselves and by the staff. PMID- 7222921 TI - A simple method of mounting small nematodes for en face study using the scanning electron microscope. PMID- 7222920 TI - Babesia microti (apicomplexa: piroplasmida): electron microscope detection in salivary glands of the tick vector Ixodes ricinus (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). PMID- 7222922 TI - The influence of environmental conditions and parasite-intermediate host-related factors on the transmission of Echinostoma liei. AB - Moderate freezing, desiccation, and pH levels of 5 and 6 killed the Echinostoma liei egg immediately or after only partial development, and increasing salinity levels above 3.79 0/00 and temperatures of 33 degrees C and 35 degrees C reduced the developmental potential. Temperatures of 6 degrees C and 8 degrees C and maintenance of eggs in mouse faeces arrested the development of the egg, and increasing temperatures decreaseds the time of development from 40 days at 18 degrees C to nine days at 35 degrees C. Maintenance of unembryonated eggs for 14 weeks in faeces at 12 degrees C and 22 degrees C and for 20 weeks in filtered pond water at 4 degrees C allowed a subsequent normal development, while embryonated eggs maintained at 4 degrees C only retained an unchanged hatchability for three weeks. A miracidium/snail density of 10:10 in 18 litres of water gave rise to an average level of parasitisation of 21%. Increasing miracidium/snail densities gave rise to increasing levels of parasitisation but to a level less than expected. The first intermediate host spectrum of E. liei was shown to be restricted to the genus Biomphalaria, but species variability in susceptibility within the genus and differences in survival of infected susceptible species was also demonstrated to exist. B. glabrata (Puerto Rico and St. Lucia), B. alexandrina (Qalyub), and B. pfeifferi (Malumfashi) were found to be susceptible, while B. camerunensis (Kinshasa) was almost refractory. Increasing size of B. glabrata (Puerto Rico) resulted in increasing daily cercarial production, but resistance to infection with increasing snail size was also demonstrated to exist. E. liei cercarial infectivity to the second intermediate host snail and the subsequent metacercarial infectivity to the mouse was found to be independent of the species of the first intermediate host and of the age of the infection in B. glabrata (Puerto Rico) for up to at least 6 1/2 weeks after the end of the prepatent period. No obvious peak in cercarial shedding fom the host snail occurred during the day. Five species of the genus Bulinus and Physa acuta (Egypt) were found to be highly susceptible as second intermediate host snails, whereas three species of the genus Biomphalaria, Planorbarius corneus (Rabat), Lymnaea natalensis (Egypt), and Helisoma duryi (Florida) all had a lower degree of susceptibility. On the other hand, E. liei metacercarial infectivity to the mouse was independent of the species and size of the second intermediate host snail. Also, the infectivity of metacercariae encysted on snail mucus, in snails harbouring patient redial infections, and in clean second intermediate host snails was comparable. Metacercarial infectivity remained unchanged for at least 12 and 18 weeks, respectively, when encysted in living B. glabrata (Puerto Rico) or when maintained in freshwater at 4 degrees C. Metacercariae in dead decaying B... PMID- 7222923 TI - Ultrastructural investigations on the effect of praziquantel on the tegument of five species of cestodes. AB - Adult Hymenolepis diminuta, H. microstoma, H. nana, Echinococcus multilocularis, and Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis have been exposed in vitro in media containing 0.1 to 100 micrograms praziquantel/ml. Already after 5 min characteristic tegumental lesions, that were restricted to the growth zone of the neck region, were recognized using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Within the tegument numerous vacuoles were formed that released their contents to the exterior and finally caused destruction of the tegument. Proglottides of the central or posterior strobilar portions were never damaged. Larvae of T. taeniaeformis (cysticerci) and E. multilocularis (alveolar cysts) were studied employing the same methods both after in vitro exposure to and after in vivo treatment of their hosts with praziquantel. Strobilocerci of T. taeniaeformis developed identical tegumental lesions after contact with praziquantel whether incubated in vitro or treated in vitro. The wall of the bladder containing the larva remained unaffected. Evaginated protoscolices of E. multilocularis were damaged by in vitro contact with praziquantel while invaginated protoscolices remained intact. After in vivo exposure there were some fully developed evaginated and damaged protoscolices whereas all invaginated protoscolices and the cyst wall with its germinative layer were unaffected. PMID- 7222925 TI - Reduction in pathogenicity of Babesia bovis for its tick vector, Boophilus microplus, after rapid blood passage in splenectomized calves. AB - Two strains of Babesia bovis that had been serially blood passaged in splenectomized calves 27 to 33 times, a procedure known to have reduced their virulence for normal cattle, were shown to have low pathogenicity for replete, female Boophilus microplus. In comparison with a strain of B. bovis unmodified by repeated blood passage, the two modified strains infected higher proportions of ticks and produced comparable numbers of morphologically similar parasites in their haemolymph, but killed significantly fewer of them. Red discolouration of haemolymph was observed in many ticks infected with the unmodified strain, but in none of those infected with the modified strains. It is suggested that the modified strains have lost a quality causing pathological effects on the gut cells of infected ticks. PMID- 7222924 TI - Histochemical, cytochemical and autoradiographic studies on the rostellum of Hymenolepis diminuta. AB - Histochemical studies on the rostellum of Hymenolepis diminuta revealed diastase stable, protein/neutral carbohydrate-rich material localized in the rostellum tegument. The remainder of the rostellum, primarily composed of the glycogen-rich myocytons of the rostellum musculature, is protein-poor, but rich in diastase labile, neutral and acidic carbohydrates. Ultrastructural cytochemical studies, using the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide osmium (PATCO) technique, indicated that the granules of the rostellar tegumental cytons and distal cytoplasm are carbohydrate-rich. Lipids are present in the rostellar myocytons but not in the tegumental cytons. Autoradiography using a pulse-labeling with [3H]leucine revealed an apical translocation of tegumental granules, but at a slower rat than had been reported for the strobilar tegument of the same organism. Neither [3H]galactose nor [3H]glucose were incorporated into the rostellar tegumental granules. The function of the secretory glycoprotein(s) produced in the rostellar tegument and its (their) possible role in the regulation of maturation and/or strobilization remain enigmatic. PMID- 7222926 TI - [Mamma augmentation with homoeoplastic fatty tissue. Long term observations (author's transl)]. AB - The report covers three cases of mamma augmentation with homoeoplastic fatty tissue, performed elsewhere. The defence reaction takes a three-phase course: 1st Phase: Clinically asymptomatic, with autolysis and capsule formation (1 to 8 years), 2nd Phase: intermittant complaints, hardening of the mammae and enlargement of lymph nodes (after 4 to 91/4 years), 3rd Phase: Acute mastitis (after 5 to 91/4 years). The long-term developments show that mamma augmentation with homoeplastic fatty tissue is a method which is detrimental to health. PMID- 7222928 TI - [Psychic hospitalism in patients confined to bed for long periods of time in the septic ward for posttraumatic osteomyelitis]. AB - It has to be emphasized that the reconstruction of the soft tissue cover of the lower leg is an important procedure. Plastic surgery has to be performed primarily. Otherwise the consequences beside multiple procedures are a very long hospitalization. In this connection, the evaluation of patients shows very grave psychological changes and difficulties in regard to social rehabilitation. PMID- 7222929 TI - [Plastic surgery of soft tissue defects of the hand]. AB - The primary closure of defects of the hand is mandatory. In case of exposure of deeper structures a flap procedure is necessary. Random and axial pattern flaps and also tissue transplantation with microsurgical anastomoses are demonstrated in this paper. PMID- 7222927 TI - [Skin and soft tissue defects at the lower extremities -- primary and secondary procedures (author's transl)]. AB - Methods of surgical reconstruction which are available for wound closure on the lower extremities, following injury of full-thickness defects, are discussed -- especially in relation to indications of primary and secondary procedures. Special mention is given to cross-leg-flaps and tube pedicles of the legs. Indications and technical considerations involved in the treatment of 31 patients with cross-leg-flaps and 38 patients with tube pedicles are reported, as the results obtained from these operations. Out of 50 abdominal tube pedicles (38 patients), 12% were unsuccessful. 30 of the 31 cross-leg-flap were grafted successfully to their predestined sit. PMID- 7222930 TI - [Treatment of metacarpophalangeal joint fractures of the hand]. AB - Fractures of mp-joints II-V are very important because of the function of these joints for the hand. Accurate anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation given a good functional result. The defect of cancellous bone by impression is emphasized. In completely destroyed joints primary resection and arthroplasty is performed. PMID- 7222931 TI - [Modified technic of distal joint tenodesis]. AB - A suggestion for a modified technique of tenodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint which always leads to a secure tenodesis by using one part of the superficial flexor tendon. PMID- 7222932 TI - [Ligamental injuries of MCP joints (author's transl)]. AB - Injuries of the ligaments and capsule of the MCP joints are frequently seen in the hand surgical service. A great part of these injuries are caused by trauma during competitive athletic games. Capsule and ligamental injuries of the 3rd and 4th digit can be treated conservatively by fixation to the next digits. Ruptures of the collateral ligaments of the 1st, 2nd and 5th digit as well as injuries with accompanying fracture or joint instability have to be surgically repaired. The different types of ligamental ruptures and their surgical treatment are discussed. PMID- 7222934 TI - [Magnification radiography in orthopedics (author's transl)]. AB - A simplified method of 1,5 to 2,0 x radiographic magnification is presented with a focal spot of 0,15 mm. The examination of 358 patients shows a gain in clinical information in 74%, which was decisive in 24%. The place of magnification radiography in orthopedic diagnostic procedures is defined. PMID- 7222933 TI - [Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome--synovial flap technique (author's transl)]. AB - We report on an operating-method for the treatment of the recurrent carpal-tunnel syndrome by using a synovial-flap-technique. In 4 patients a continuous regeneration of nerve-function could be observed. PMID- 7222935 TI - [Information on the X-ray morphology of muscle atrophies (author's transl)]. AB - Using a special soft ray roentgenograph technique, the authors examined in 46 patients the musculature of extremities which was compulsorily inactivated. Inactivity in adults leads to reduction of volume in the muscle, not, however, to striation which would indicate fiber destruction. Congenital or early acquired restriction of mobility will necessarily produce lack of further development of the muscles concerned. If movement is completely excluded, striation indicating fiber destruction will be noticed in the atrophied muscles. The authors quote a case where the changes in the soft parts and bones of the extremities were noticeable as a result of congenital parietal lesion. The roentgenography of the musculature, as described in this article, permits the physician to arrive at new conclusions regarding the differentiation of the various kinds of muscular atrophy. PMID- 7222936 TI - [Is sonography justified within the framework of orthopaedics? (author's transl)]. AB - The article discusses the possibilities of application and performance spectrum of the ultrasonic method when examining patients with space-occupying growths within the framework of orthopaedics. An analysis of 33 patients with inflammatory or neoplastic tumours showed that sonography promotes highly valuable information in respect of the presence and extension of a tumour of the soft tissues, besides supplying roughly outlined information on the structure of such tumours. Hence, sonography can supply valuable aid for the decision regarding further diagnostic measures, complementary to the basic x-ray examinations. PMID- 7222937 TI - [A histologically insured bilateral osteochondrosis of the head of the first metatarsal (author's transl)]. AB - A case of bilateral osteochondrosis of the head of the first metatarsal shows two interesting aspects: 1. The second time in literature a histological verification is gained. 2. A combination with one-sided epiphyseal undergrowth of the proximal phalanx I inspires new associations to hallux rigidus and similar diseases. PMID- 7222938 TI - [The talo-crural angle (author's transl)]. AB - The ventral angle between tibia and talus was measured in 75 adults in neutral position and in extreme dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot. With the TC angle it is possible to have an exact documentation of foot movements in medical reports. PMID- 7222940 TI - [Aplasia of the tibia - a case report with observation for 38 years (author's transl)]. AB - The paper reports the result of operative treatment in a case of total congenital absence of the tibia. The boy was treated conservatively by plaster casts and apparative supports until he was six years old. Then the upper end of the fibula was set into the intercondylic fossa of the femur and two months later a talofibular fusion correcting the clubfoot deformity was performed. 32 years after this procedure the leg is now 28 cm shorter. The knee joint is absolutely stable in extended position and active flexion is possible to 45 degrees. The fibula shows a remarkable hypertrophy and has changed its form into a tibia-like bone. The patient is able to walk 15 km without any pain using a supporting apparatus. In congenital absence of the tibia or fibula we prefer orthopedic - surgical devices which preserve the dysplastic part of the limb instead of primary amputation. PMID- 7222939 TI - [Tuber angle of the calcaneus (Boehler's angle) observation of a variant (author's transl)]. AB - 1) The tuber angle (Lusted and Keats: Boehler's angle) is described with regard to its size and its importance in accident surgery and orthopaedics. 2) The author describes his own observation in the case of a patient with a tuber angle enlarged to double the normal size (variant); attention is drawn to early signs of wear. 3) The author suggests to utilize Boehler's angle on a larger scale, and also recommends to determine the rate of incidence of variations and their importance. PMID- 7222941 TI - [Diseases of the patella caused by clothing (author's transl)]. AB - Fashionable clothing involving tight-fitting trousers and high heels forces human to adopt an attitude leading to diseases at the point of insertion of the tendons and of the cartilage of the patella. It is emphasized that malformations of the femoropatellar joint may possibly be caused by exogenous influences and may, therefore, be successfully treated by externally applied methods during the growth period. PMID- 7222942 TI - [Reduplication of femur - course observation and treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The paper reports on the further growth of the leg in the case of a 7- year-old boy with congenital reduplication of the femur, tibial aplasia and dysplasia of the foot, who was treated conservatively until now. The possibilities of conservative and operative treatment to reconstruct the limb and to improve the function were discussed and finally the operative treatment carried out is explained. The case report is an example of the variety of problems in the reconstruction of dysplastic limbs in childhood. PMID- 7222943 TI - [Epiphyseolysis of the hip joint and prearthrosis (author's transl)]. AB - The question whether disturbances of hormonal regulation influence the development of the hip joint, is examined on the basis of roentgenographs in 25 patients with epiphyseolysis. We can conclude from the numerous collected data that gross anatomy (especially the harmonic development between head and acetabulum) is largely normal. A change of the abductor angle of Debrunner in the sense of a reduction may exercise an unfavorable influence on the load which the entire hip joint has to bear (due to reduction of the lever arm of the musculature with an abductor effect). Besides, hormonal dysregulation produces a very minimal enlargement of the head radius and of the load area as well as of the length of the neck of the femur c, which may possibly become biomechanically manifest. The slight change in shape of the entire pelvic girdle is reminiscent of the late form of osteoarthrosis of the hip (coxarthrosis) on the basis of a so called enchondral dysostosis. The working hypothesis according to which this normal dysostosis would in fact be a late form of epiphyseolysis, remains unconfirmed. PMID- 7222944 TI - [Effect of the metaphyseal involvement in Perthes' disease and its importance for the definitive development of the head of the femur]. AB - The article describes the effect of the metaphysical involvement in Perthes' disease on the definitive development of the head of the femur. The classification according to Eyring et al. was used as evaluation criterion. Assessment of the results was affected according to the final deformities seen in the head of the femur, as well as according to the epiphyseal quotient and the quotient of the femoral head/neck, and the degree of shortening of the leg. It was found that the severe types of metaphyseal involvement in Perthes' disease have an extremely unfavourable prognosis. PMID- 7222946 TI - [The stresses in femur. I. Intact femur without consideration of the iliotibial tract (author's transl)]. AB - Stresses in femur under different load conditions were computed with the finite element method. The computer model was composed of 1950 spatial elements. The calculated results were confirmed using 34 strain gauge rosettes, attached on the femur surface. The load conditions were chosen as at the stance phase of walking and as standing on two legs. Additionally, the effect of joint forces under different directions were investigated. It is the main conclusion of this work that the computed quantitative results are only relevant when the geometry and the material properties of the metaphysical bone are copied exactly for the computer model. PMID- 7222945 TI - [Examination method for identification of snapping hip (author's transl)]. AB - An examination method is described for the identification of the snapping hip 30 40 degrees of bending, adduction and alternating anterior and exterior rotation of the hip joint. Through the maximal pre-tension of the tractus iliotibialis it is possible to definitely prove the existence even of minor snapping. In view of the fact that the examination method is a passive one, it can also be employed intra-operatively for direct control of the result of the operation. PMID- 7222947 TI - [Follow-up results of Dega's acetabuloplasty (author's transl)]. AB - From 1966 to 1974 231 acetabuloplasties were performed in 193 children. Dega's technique was not consequently observed in these operations. The follow-up was made in 166 children with 202 acetabuloplasties. 65 per cent of the operated hips were found within the normal range. The clinical examination revealed excellent and good results in 82 per cent. There was a relatively great number of failures due to technical problems, mainly in the first time. The results obtained allow the conclusion that Dega's acetabuloplasty is a valuable method in the operative treatment of the congenital hip in early childhood provided that it is performed with a good operative technique. Because of the possible failures we prefer now Pemberton's pericapsular osteotomy of the ilium. PMID- 7222948 TI - [Studies on the biomechanics of the human clavicle (author's transl)]. AB - 64 non preserved and 35 preserved clavicles were fractured in three defined positions in a bending test by a tension testing machine with electronic measurement of force. 30 non preserved bones were fractured in an axial infraction test. Force-deflection-diagrams were registered, and the values of maximum load, breaking load, ultimate deflection and energy were correlated to cross section and thickness of compacta. The significantly greater non preserved male clavicles are loadable at a higher level (medium breaking load about 1200 N) than female bones (medium breaking load abut 800 N). The breaking energy of the more flexible female clavicles is about 30% lower than those of males whereas elastic modulus of female clavicles is significant greater. Preservation has a significant influence on biomechanical properties of bones: ultimate deflection decreases; breaking energy, ultimate stress and elastic modulus increase. Breaking load is greatest in the middle portion of the clavicle, while deflection is greatest in the sternal portion. Removal of periosteum causes lower breaking load, deflection, ultimate stress and elastic modulus as well. With axial load clavicle fractures occur most frequently between middle and sternal third. PMID- 7222950 TI - [Ventral vertebral synostosis in adolescents (author's transl)]. AB - 6 cases of anterior vertebral synostosis in juvenile patients are described. All cases were observed in girls in the age of 11-16 years and together with rapidly developing round back deformity. In 4 patients the synostosis was seen at the first examination already in 2 patients only later. A special form of this deformity is described and therapeutic measures are discussed. PMID- 7222949 TI - [Solitary bone cysts with expansion throughout the complete humerus (author's transl)]. AB - The paper contains two case reports of solitary bone cysts of the humerus, which expanded throughout the complete bone from the upper end to the lower. This unusual size was seen in a 12 year old boy after subtotal resection of an active cyst at the age of 6 years, with recurrence of the cyst. In the other case an 18 year old female patient felt pain in her left arm after sports. The X-ray picture showed a cystic transformation of the complete humerus. The histodiagnosis of the disease was made by multiple, repeated biopsy. Other cystic bone lesions, which are important concerning differential diagnosis, were excluded by detailed examination. No further pathological findings were made in both cases. PMID- 7222951 TI - [Connective tissue in non-union and pseudarthrosis of long bones. Part I: Capsule of false joints in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Animal experiments were carried out on 28 dogs which underwent osteotomy of the femur without postoperative fixation. For systematic light- and transmission electron microscopy tissue from this area of 7 dogs was prepared. Result was a functional morphology of connective tissue. Instability of bone fragments is regarded as the most important factor in pathogenesis of pseudarthrosis. Pathologic mobility in the osteotomy area caused specific altered differentiation of local connective tissue cells, leading to a joint capsule-like formation of connective tissue. "Lining cells" to the pseudarthrotic cavity are fibroblasts and histiocyts, comparable to the "lining cells" of normal stratum synoviale. These cells are surrounded by some collagenous fibres and large amounts of amorphous ground substances. They derive means of numerous transitional forms. The capsule-like tissue formation aside the pseudarthrotic cavity is comparable to stratum synoviale of normal joints. In some of these capsule-like areas there are degenerative alterations similar to those of joint capsules in osteoarthritis. PMID- 7222952 TI - [Connective tissue in non-union and pseudarthrosis of long bones. Part II: cavity of false joints in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Pseudarthrotic cavity is surrounded by joint capsule-like connective tissue as well as by the locked-up bone ends. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations indicate instability as a traumatic factor to the surrounding tissues, leading to tears and clefts covered by fibrin and erythrocyte deposits. Below, cell-layers consisting of fibroblasts and histiocytes are formed, which become comparable to stratum synoviale of normal joint especially in areas with constant mechanical stimulus like sliding and little pressure without considerable traumatic effect. Where bone ends reach like lever-arms far into the peripseudarthrotic tissue and mechanical stress of abnormal mobility is of adequate permanent traumatic effect, vascularisation is not visible and regressive, necrobiotic alterations are predominant. In areas with presumable more pressure, with little or no vascularisation, woven cartilage-like partially calcified tissues are formed. Where osteotomized bones are pressed upon each other with instability an intensive remodeling with resorption and rebuilding of bone trabeculae is visible. Muscle interposits degenerate within the continuously injured and scarcely vasculated osteotomized area, and are replaced by tight connective tissues as well as walled-in by bone trabeculae. By reforming abundant collagenous fibres the pseudarthrosis becomes more and more tight. In this way there is a reduction of the functional stimulus abnormal mobility, which induces the local connective tissue to differentiate into joint-like structures, comparable to a mechanism of "self-limitation". One animal was observed up to 48 months after osteotomy. Without therapeutic immobilisation bony consolidation and corticalisation was present in the former pseudarthrotic region, joint capsule like tissues were no more demonstrable. PMID- 7222953 TI - [Connective tissue in non-union and pseudarthrosis of long bones. Part III: comparative examination of human false joints (author's transl)]. AB - Nontreatment of far dislocated fractures of long bones is seldom, fortunately. In comparison to our animal experiments tissue samples from only one patient with similar conditions could be examined by light- and transmission electron microscopy. Microscopic findings are similar to those of animal experiments. Pathologic pseudarthrotic conditions caused by abnormal mobility can be taken as a model for observing reformation of connective tissue. In general tissue dynamics are the same as those known from the ontogeny of connective tissue. The influence of abnormal mobility to pseudarthrosis formation is discussed. PMID- 7222954 TI - [Problems of therapy control in arthroses and suggestion of a method for the non invasive identification of changes in joint morphology (knee joint) (author's transl)]. AB - The article explains the fundamental problems in therapeutic studies of the primary and secondary processes in arthrosis. Many drugs are on the market for treating the secondary phenomena; however, such phenomena can often be assessed only on the basis of "soft" action criteria (verbal information given by the patients). Biochemical examinations of the synovial fluid and methods to assess joint morphology, are particularly suitable for evaluating the primary changes taking place in the joint cartilage. An assessment of the "joint noises" is known in literature as a non-invasive method. An improved method of recording and evaluating these joint noises is suggested. It is characterized by the following features: - registration of signals with defined joint load - classification of the noise phenomena with reference to the joint position, i.e. to joint areas - by separation of the signal into movement cycles elimination of artificial noise producers - evaluation of those signal periods only which are disease-specific. The article shows examples by quoting signals with the respective frequencies for healthy and diseased persons, and explains the suitability of the method in therapy control by describing two examples of surgical treatment. PMID- 7222955 TI - [Experience of peripheral osteosynthesis using single crystal alumina ceramics screws (author's transl)]. AB - As a new kind of material for peripheral osteosynthesis we have developed the single crystal alumina ceramics screws (artificial sapphire screws) taking under consideration of the properties of alumina ceramics, and we have tested them experimentally in animals, and used them clinically too. The results of the mechanical tests and animal experiments were excellent. In the clinical follow-up studies the perfect bone unions has been recognized roentgenologically. The sapphire screws have, sofar, proved to be harmless also as anchor for bone cement. Our experience with our sapphire screws has opened the way for the clinical application of this material instead of metal screws. PMID- 7222957 TI - [The leading symptom in hematuria from the urologic point of view]. PMID- 7222956 TI - [The so-called metastasizing thyroid adenoma from the orthopaedic viewpoint (author's transl)]. AB - The so-called metastasizing thyroid adenomas, which are now know as follicular thyroid carcinomas, present diagnostic problems again and again on account of their high degree of differentiation, since the primary tumour is often recognized as malignoma only after metastases have put in their appearance in other parts of the body. In this article, the authors report on a case of a follicular thyroid carcinoma which became manifest via a tumour of the size of an infant's head at the right upper part of the ilium. PMID- 7222958 TI - [Prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 7222959 TI - [Problems of andrology in the practice]. PMID- 7222960 TI - [The antiphlogistic effectiveness of various drugs. Comparative examination using animals on the antiphlogistic effectiveness of various drugs in posttraumatic edema]. PMID- 7222961 TI - [The development of kidney stones]. PMID- 7222963 TI - [The working principles of therapy]. PMID- 7222964 TI - [The possibilities of mistletoe therapy in cancer]. PMID- 7222962 TI - [What is the significance of anthroposophy in medicine?]. PMID- 7222967 TI - [The function of fever in disease]. PMID- 7222968 TI - [Mistletoe therapy in modern cancer treatment?]. PMID- 7222969 TI - [Excessive pounds are a risk! What can be done? Prevention - decrease in energy consumption - physical training]. PMID- 7222966 TI - [Mistletoe therapy of breast cancer in comparison with chemotherapy and radiotherapy]. PMID- 7222965 TI - [Adjuvant mistletoe therapy in cancer. Experiences at the Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Oncology]. PMID- 7222971 TI - [Information and psychological guidance in cancer patients]. PMID- 7222970 TI - [Iron deficiency. Frequency and symptoms in school children in the pediatric practice]. PMID- 7222973 TI - [Etiologic therapy of fluor vaginalis]. PMID- 7222972 TI - [Treatment of irritable colon with Duspatal in ambulatory care]. PMID- 7222974 TI - [The axial computerized tomography in the diagnosis of brain metastasis]. PMID- 7222975 TI - [Axial computerized tomography in the diagnosis of brain tumors]. PMID- 7222976 TI - [Computer tomography diagnosis of eye and orbital diseases]. PMID- 7222980 TI - [Diseases of the liver and biliary tract. Indications and limitations of computerized tomography]. PMID- 7222978 TI - [First aid and life saving emergency care]. PMID- 7222977 TI - [Local therapy of skin diseases in children. Essential and nonessential local therapy of skin diseases in children]. PMID- 7222979 TI - [Percutaneous use of streptokinase-streptodornase]. PMID- 7222981 TI - [Pancreatic diseases. Information values of computerized x-ray tomography]. PMID- 7222982 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic drainage]. PMID- 7222983 TI - [Computerized tomography in lymphatic diseases. It is to replace lymphography?]. PMID- 7222984 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of liver, biliary and pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 7222987 TI - [Therapy of pancreatitis]. PMID- 7222988 TI - [Diagnosis of the malassimilation syndrome in adults]. PMID- 7222986 TI - [Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 7222985 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)]. PMID- 7222989 TI - [Zinc toxicology]. PMID- 7222990 TI - [Acute poisoning in drug dependence]. PMID- 7222991 TI - [The interaction with the mentally ill]. PMID- 7222992 TI - [Psychogenic depression]. PMID- 7222993 TI - [Fear from the medical viewpoint]. PMID- 7222994 TI - [What is a psychotic disorder? Definition, psychopathology and systematics]. PMID- 7222995 TI - [The action of caffeine and caffeinism]. PMID- 7222996 TI - [The treatment of hypertension with bupranolol. Results of a daily dosage administration schedule]. PMID- 7222997 TI - [Increased effectiveness of high-dose salicylate cream by iontophoresis]. PMID- 7222999 TI - [Recovery function of muscle tissue]. PMID- 7223000 TI - Morbidity and mortality conference: acute pulmonary blastomycosis. PMID- 7222998 TI - [Endocytosis of liposomes by macrophages in vitro]. PMID- 7223002 TI - Pulmonary Gaucher's disease diagnosed ante mortem. PMID- 7223001 TI - Pain response compared: after back surgery, cholecystectomy. PMID- 7223003 TI - Fournier's idiopathic penoscrotal gangrene. PMID- 7223005 TI - [Psychophysiology of anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7223004 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma in Africa: case report. PMID- 7223007 TI - [Value of prospective studies in oncology]. PMID- 7223006 TI - [Alternative clinical therapeutic evaluation]. PMID- 7223008 TI - [Clinical aspects of glomerulonephritis. Clinico-morphological correlations for deciding upon practical management]. PMID- 7223009 TI - [Pathomorphology of interstitial nephritis and its significance for renal function]. PMID- 7223011 TI - [Origin of pain in muscles, tendons, joints and viscera]. PMID- 7223010 TI - [Pain syndromes in internal medicine and neurology]. PMID- 7223012 TI - The Problem of Central Pain. PMID- 7223013 TI - [The sympathetic nervous system and pain]. PMID- 7223015 TI - [Problems of pain measurement]. PMID- 7223014 TI - Mechanisms of neurologic pain and measurements of sensibility. PMID- 7223016 TI - [Interstitial nephritis in metabolic diseases]. PMID- 7223018 TI - [Toxic-induced chronic interstitial nephritis]. PMID- 7223017 TI - [Principles of pain therapy]. PMID- 7223019 TI - [Urinary tract infections and chronic primary aseptic interstitial nephritis]. PMID- 7223021 TI - [Epidemiological facts as a starting point for preventive objectives]. PMID- 7223020 TI - [Anterior pituitary insufficiency]. PMID- 7223022 TI - [Genetic disposition as the 1st step in the development of high blood pressure]. PMID- 7223023 TI - [Environmental influences as risk factors - their recognition as a first step in high blood pressure prevention]. PMID- 7223025 TI - [Malignant growth]. PMID- 7223024 TI - [Borderline hypertension - diagnosis and therapy of the border between prevention and early treatment]. PMID- 7223026 TI - [Tumor invasion and metastasis]. PMID- 7223027 TI - [Basic principles and clinical pharmacology of cytostatic treatment]. PMID- 7223028 TI - [Sensitivity and resistance in tumor therapy]. PMID- 7223029 TI - [Space-occupying processes of the sellar region]. PMID- 7223032 TI - [Cooperation between oncologists and psychosomatic physicians in the treatment of solid tumors]. PMID- 7223030 TI - [Polychemotherapy - critical examination]. PMID- 7223031 TI - [Importance of risk and prognostic factors in treatment planning and treatment control in metastasizing tumors]. PMID- 7223034 TI - [Immune defective states in tumor patients]. PMID- 7223033 TI - [General disorders of the body in localized tumors]. PMID- 7223035 TI - [Importance of paraneoplastic bone marrow and blood picture findings]. PMID- 7223037 TI - [Mechanisms of tumor resistance]. PMID- 7223038 TI - [Tumor-associated antigens and their importance in tumor diagnosis]. PMID- 7223041 TI - [Uses and hazards of adjuvant chemotherapy and irradiation in the prevention of metastases]. PMID- 7223039 TI - [Prophylaxis of bacterial infections]. PMID- 7223036 TI - [Muscular and neurologic paraneoplastic syndrome]. PMID- 7223040 TI - [Prophylactic measures in gastroenterology]. PMID- 7223043 TI - [Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases - metabolic aspects]. PMID- 7223042 TI - [Thromboembolism prevention]. PMID- 7223044 TI - [Acromegaly]. PMID- 7223046 TI - [Diabetes insipidus and osmoregulation]. PMID- 7223045 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 7223047 TI - [Origin and cell kinetics of the Kupffer cells of the liver as an example for resident macrophage populations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223048 TI - [Guidelines by which to sign out granulomatous diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223049 TI - [Granulomatous reactions of the skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223050 TI - [Transformation of synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223051 TI - The morphology, kinetics and fate of granulomas. PMID- 7223052 TI - [Serum transcortin levels, HL-A antigens and susceptibility to certain diseases]. PMID- 7223053 TI - [The role of the cervix in childbirth]. PMID- 7223054 TI - [Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita]. PMID- 7223056 TI - [Immediate results of Ampiox, methacycline and vibramycin therapy of experimental syphilis in rabbits]. PMID- 7223057 TI - [Apropos the article by Kalamkarian, Trofimova, Voloshin and Akimov, "Pustular Psoriasis, Herpetiform Impetigo and Hallopeau's acrodermatitis"]. PMID- 7223055 TI - [Human skin permeability to copper ions based on light and electron microscope histochemistry]. PMID- 7223059 TI - [Acantholytic cells in the cytodiagnosis of dermatoses]. PMID- 7223060 TI - [Atypical course of pemphigus vulgaris]. PMID- 7223058 TI - [Cutaneous endometriosis (clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment)]. PMID- 7223061 TI - [Miescher-Leder chronic progressive, disciform granulomatosis]. PMID- 7223062 TI - [Clinical characteristics of scleroderma]. PMID- 7223063 TI - [Lupus carcinoma]. PMID- 7223064 TI - [Rheoencephalography of children with atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 7223065 TI - [Case of tuberous xanthomatosis in 2 brothers]. PMID- 7223066 TI - [Plaque form of tuberculous lupus]. PMID- 7223068 TI - [Pre- and postoperative difficulties in transsexuals including the current legal issues (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223067 TI - [Reiter's syndrome in a patient with chronic gonorrhea]. PMID- 7223069 TI - [Value of cyanosis and petechiae in strangulation and concurrent severe anemia (author's transl)]. AB - Cyanosis, petechiae, and hemorrhages into the soft tissues and muscles of the neck may be absent after strangulation (throttling) during life, if severe bleeding has happened before. If in severe anemia signs directly or indirectly caused by strangulation have developed, it may be suggested that strangulation occurred during life and persisted for some time. PMID- 7223071 TI - Gene frequencies of transferrin (TfC) subtypes in Western Germany (Dusseldorf region). AB - Transferrin (Tf) subtypes were determined by isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on samples from 380 unrelated individuals. The following gene frequencies were observed: TfC1 0.7816, TfC2 0.1355, TfC3 0.0711, and TfB 0.0118. PMID- 7223070 TI - The forensic application of the blood group antigens Lua and Lub. AB - Blood samples from 507 unrelated persons in Northrhine-Westphalia and from 254 paternity cases were tested for the Lutheran blood group antigens Lua and Lub. The gene frequencies were found to be 0.03 (= Lua) and 0.969 (= Lub). PMID- 7223072 TI - [EsD gene defect in the myocardium of a 33-year-old man (author's transl)]. AB - While establishing normal EsD patterns in human body tissues, one exception was found among 253 samples (23 different tissues from each of 11 cadavers). No EsD activity could be established in the zymogram for the myocardium extract from a 33-year-old man although the other tissues, erythrocyte hemolysate, and spermatocystic secretion were characteristic for the type 2-1. PMID- 7223075 TI - [A contribution towards metrical sex determination of cremated and uncremated human bone remains, worked out at the pars petrosa ossis temporalis (author's transl)]. AB - A new method for sex diagnosis is presented; the uni-, di-, and multivariate analysis of the Pars petrosa, which is a part of the temporal bone. This work was initiated because the Pars petrosa can be found very often among human cremation remains. Two different discriminant functions were worked out, and their comparison shows the great value of considering all the characteristics. Consideration of three measurements can give a sex determination of remarkable accuracy (about 80%). Even the uni- and divariate examinations yield important leads. The last part of this work deals with the possibility of applying the method to cremated bones. The most important point to consider is the shrinking of burnt bones. Appropriate new mean values of the first three measurements and an adapted sectioning point are given. Yet, even without shrinkage-correction the functions possess great reliability in the application on cremated material. PMID- 7223074 TI - [Fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage originating from the region of the great vein of Galen following a "fight" (author's transl)]. AB - Report of the case of a 12-year-old boy who had died due to a massive basal subarachnoid hemorrhage after moderate fight with a class mate. Findings at autopsy and by microscopic examination indicated that a lesion in the system of the great vein of Galen and the internal cerebral veins might have been the source of the bleeding. The nature of an underlying pre-existing vascular change favoring a rupture is discussed on the basis of the clinical history and the pathoanatomic findings. PMID- 7223073 TI - [Combined suicide-two case reports (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of combined suicide are reported. The two persons had received deadly gun shot wounds in moving automobiles, in one case (a 28-year-old woman) a shot into the mouth and in the other case a shot into the temple. In either case a traffic accident was assumed at first. The weapons in question were in one case a selfmade shooting device and in the other a bored-through alarm pistol. PMID- 7223076 TI - Joint inflammations as complications in intestinal inflammations. AB - Ulcerative colitis and regional ileitis may be accompanied by articular involvement as extraintestinal complications, and were observed in 11 and 4 patients respectively. The temporal connection between the intestinal diseases and the appearance of subsidence of these complications in the majority of the cases suggest an etiologic relationship, regardless of the fact that the etiology of the intestinal diseases has not yet been elucidated. The clinical picture and course as well as the laboratory findings indicate that the joint involvement in question differs from rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7223077 TI - [Safety containers for patients with chronic polyarthritis, how meaningful?]. AB - The problem in handling child-resistant containers for patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis especially in advanced stage and in the elderly may be underestimated. The negative influence of blister packaging on compliance may be of major importance. The technically insufficient containers of drugs for rheumatoid patients are explained and alternative solutions are briefly discussed. PMID- 7223078 TI - A study of rheumatoid factors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (chronic polyarthritis) by the photometric latex test. AB - The photometric latex test (PLT) for the detection of rheumatoid factors (RF), developed and clinically evaluated in adult rheumatoid arthritis, was applied in a study of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). A total of 40 individuals with JRA, 27 with other collagen diseases and 24 in a control group were examined. The incidence of seropositives by PLT was 50% in JRA, 33% in collagen diseases and 17% in controls. The percentage of JRA was significantly higher than in the controls, and also higher than values in the literature claiming that only about 20% of JRA patients are seropositive. These findings were discussed concerning the diagnostic capability of PLT as compared with other serologic tests for RF. The increase in PLT titer values was found to indicate an aggravation of the inflammatory process and could help estimate the clinical stage of the disease. A follow-up of patient titer values could be of great diagnostic value. The data on serum immunoglobulins and complement fractions levels could not confirm the findings on a significant increase in JRA patients, but following of "level profiles" of each patient could add to the estimation of patient's clinical status. In cases of seropositives when other laboratory parameters did not indicate a clear transition from the chronic active to acute stage of disease, the only parameter which often showed such a transition is the RF titer determined by PLT testing, which could be of importance for a timely change of the therapy. PMID- 7223079 TI - Fatal primary pulmonary hypertension in mixed connective tissue disease. AB - The clinical history and autopsy findings are reported of a 23 year old woman who had symptoms of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) for 4 years, and who died suddenly from pulmonary hypertension due to proliferative endarteritis of the lung vessels. These arterial lesions resembled those in progressive systemic sclerosis. Children and adolescents with MCTD appear to have an increased risk for getting this complication. The fatal outcome of pulmonary hypertension in MCTD as shown in this and other cases seems to warrant treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. PMID- 7223080 TI - [Antidesoxyribonuclease B-titer in persons of different ages and sex and comparative studies of antistreptolysin titers]. AB - The antidesoxyribonuclease B reaction shows in persons of all classes of age examined a similar distribution of titres as the antistreptolysin reaction. The anti DNase B titres however are mostly lower than the titres of the antistreptolysin reaction, except in the group of children, 6 to 17 years of age, suffering frequently from latent infections of streptococci. Women in childbed showed lower anti DNase B titres than other persons of corresponding age. Among persons with anti DNase B titres higher than antistreptolysin titres predominate men. PMID- 7223081 TI - [Collagenolytic enzymes of the skin in chronic polyarthritis - transformations during D-penicillamin therapy]. AB - Collagenolytic enzymes, soluble and nonsoluble collagen were determined in skin specimens of 5 healthy volunteers, and 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 7 RA-patients being on D-penicillamine, 9 without basic therapy. The following results were obtained: Collagenolytic enzymes were elevated in patients with RA compared with age matched controls. After administration of D-penicillamine the enzyme activity was found lower than values obtained in controls. Acid soluble collagen and nonsoluble collagen was not found statistically different in the three groups. These findings strongly suggest an inhibitory effect of D penicillamine on the elevated collagenase activity in RA patients. Similar results in corneal tissue were reported by Francois and coworkers who treated corneal ulcers with D-penicillamine. PMID- 7223085 TI - [3 experimental contributions to the regeneration of the ureter]. AB - In this paper three experimental series were described in which on dogs the regeneration of the ureter from a longitudinal stripe of its wall was investigated on several conditions. The variations concerned permanently lacking or beginning at different moments after operation urinary flow, immobilisation of the margins of the stripe by sutures, splinting by means of ureteral catheter, suturing of the stripe with one side of the mucous membrane on the serosa of the large intestine, transverse cutting of the stripe with following uniting of the stumps, applications of prednisone and immuran for pre- and aftertreatment. The results were tested radiologically, autoptically and histologically. In their majority they were good and may partly be used clinically. PMID- 7223084 TI - [Radionuclide function tests after transverse and longitudinal nephrotomy in coral calculi of the kidney]. AB - In 19 patients ING and scintigramme were compared before and 1 year after operations of coral calculi. 7 times a transversal, 12 times a longitudinal cutting was chosen. The evaluation of the isotope nephrogrammes did not show any significant differences. The pre- and postoperative scintigrammes in the chi 2 test resulted in highly significant differences in favour of the transversal nephrotomy. The present animal-experimental results can be confirmed clinically. PMID- 7223083 TI - [Atlanto-dentoid dislocation in chronic polyarthritis. Correlation of clinical, roentgenological, neurological and electromyographical findings]. AB - The involvement of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis especially after prolonged steroid medication, is one of the most dangerous symptoms of this disease. 62 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine underwent a critical examination regarding clinical signs and neurological symptoms. According to Larsen Theses of the radiological grading of the severity of rheumatoid arthritis, we tried to develop a classification of the involvement of the upper and the low cervical spine. Clinical and neurological signs are then found especially in stadium III and IV. The bony ankylosis (stadium V) must be considered as a spontaneous healing, for all clinical and neurological signs will have vanished. Electromyographical observations showed characteristic patterns for each stadium. According to this classification the conservative and the operative treatment can be chosen. PMID- 7223087 TI - [Experiences with ultrasound in the diagnosis of acoustically homogeneous resistances]. AB - For the differentiation of acoustically homogeneous resistances the ultrasound method was used in 562 cases. In the present paper is reported on the possibilities in the differential diagnostics of renal cyst and cyst-like formations given by the echo method. The new diagnostic method gives an essential help for making the exact diagnosis, taking simultaneously into consideration the findings of the traditional examination methods. PMID- 7223082 TI - [Study of crystals in synovial exudations with simultaneous determination of adequate enzymes]. AB - The paper presents the results of study of 28 synovial exudations in which the uricase method was used for uric acid determination with simultaneous pyrophosphatase and cathepsin C and D activity determination. The presence of crystals in these exudations was investigated as well. From the study follows that a higher uric acid level and higher pyrophosphatase activity coincide with the finding of urate and pyrophosphate crystals. The reported method of examination applies also to other identifications of microcrystals or crystalline split of urates or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in the exudation. The activity of cathepsin D permits to conclude on potential participation of peptides and/or polypeptides in the formation of crystals in the exudation. PMID- 7223086 TI - [Histochemical study of the matrix of calcium-containing urinary calculi by means of topo-optical reactions]. AB - The authors investigated the matrix of calcium-containing urinary calculi of different basic type by means of histochemical and topo-optic methods. They found the glycoprotein reactions of the calcium oxalate calculi by far weaker than in the calcium phosphate and in the much infected struvite-containing calculi. The acid mucopolysaccharides were to be proved particularly in the infected mixed calculi. Collagen could not be found in the calculi. PMID- 7223088 TI - [Changes in the system of kidney pelvis and calices in bladder neck adenoma]. AB - The development of a renal lesion following an adenoma of the vesical neck is one of the most important complications of this disease. For the determination of the frequency of changes of the renal calyces in the adenoma of the vesical neck the findings of 253 patients of the years 1976 and 1977, in whom for the first time such an excrescence was established were evaluated. 135 excretion urogrammes showed changes of the renal pelvis and the renal calyces. The main findings were a narrowing of the renal calyces with spindle-shaped necks of the calyces. The calyces themselves were deformed only in one part of the patients. Urinary stasis and cirrhoses of the kidney were not found. As cause of the narrowed renal calyces in correlation with the clinical and laboratory-clinical findings the chronic pyelonephritis, the latent dehydration of the patient and disturbances of the motility of the urodynamics are discussed. As conclusion of these results the opinion is uttered that all male persons from 45 years, who have clinically healthy kidneys and in whom for any reasons an excretion urography has been performed, and in which evaluation narrowed renal calyces were found, by all means must undergo the examination by an urologist for the exclusion of a disease at the vesical neck. PMID- 7223089 TI - [Animal experimental studies on the restoration of bladder function in neurologic bladder disorders]. AB - On German country pigs by subarachnoidal alcohol injection a neurogenic disturbance of the function of the urinary bladder was produced, the size of which was judged by clinical, rodynamic and histologic examinations. Between the 3rd and 83rd day after the subarachnoidal alcohol injection a 5 times 10 cm large sigment of the detrusor was substituted by a pediculated transponat of the muscle of the small intestine (ileum). The result of the following examinations in a period between 3 and 192 days after this intervention were the result that neither functionally nor histologically an involution of the changes typical for a disturbance of the innervation at the bladder was to be observed. PMID- 7223090 TI - [Role of urodynamics in clinical practice]. AB - These explanation should show, how the urodynamic examination may be involved in the clinical incontinence department, in which many clinical disciplines work together. One of the greatest advantages of urodynamics was the changed way of thinking of the physicians concerning the function of the lower urinary tract. It has, for instance, shown that trabeculation means hyperactivity of the vesical muscle and not simply obstruction of the flowing off tract. The value of the urodynamics corresponds to the experiences of the physician performing the urodynamic examination. This work must not be handed over to a younger unexperienced physician or technician. The best results will be achieved, when the physician performing the urodynamic examination is at the same time that physician who is in highest clinical charge of the patient. Altogether the introduction of the measuring technique into the urology has revolutionized the clinical treatment in the same way as in the other disciplines. The additional informations may be useful to the patient, provided that the clinician always thinks objectively and does not accept what other persons tell about the importance of the urodynamic observations. PMID- 7223092 TI - [Priapism--a urologic emergency]. AB - In the present paper the priapism is described as a urological emergency case. Only by an aimed operative treatment in combination with a basis therapy during the first 48 hours the loss of potency is to be avoided. After a short description of the physiology, etiology, diagnostics and therapy the experiences of seven treated patients are discussed. PMID- 7223091 TI - [Serum levels of medium-sized molecules in children with chronic kidney failure under conditions of short-term hemodialysis]. PMID- 7223094 TI - [Perforation in TUR]. AB - In the TUR, particularly in clinical teaching is always to be reckoned with extraperitoneal perforation, atypical intraperitoneal perforations are to be taken into consideration. On the other hand it is necessary to prevent the development of a perforation-syndrome. The cystogram has the highest diagnostic value and is at the same time decision aid for the rapid performance of operative and conservative measures. Also with regard to the not infrequent subclinical through-resections the cystogram should become routine examination after every TUR. A clear directive for the resection team and the carrying-through of a consequent behaviour regime for the nursing staff of the hospital are the basis of a successful transurethral resection treatment. PMID- 7223095 TI - [Clinical application of a 2- and 3-dimensional method for intraoperative localization of kidney stones]. PMID- 7223093 TI - [Accidental rupture of the renal vein in radical tumor nephrectomy of a local bleeding hypernephroid carcinoma. Case report]. AB - This case-report aims to stress the increased difficulty of operating on a locally widespread hypernephroma in presence of a complicating haemorrhage. It also shows an easy method of managing a rare intraoperative vascular complication. PMID- 7223097 TI - [Experiences and results in single and repeated urethroplasties in over 500 strictures of the urethra]. AB - During a twelve years period of treatment 519 strictures of the urethra were operated by means of several methods. Apart from a short analysis of the number of patients the results of the individual groups of treatment are evaluated and it is referred to the advantage of a urethroplasty at the same time with subcutaneous pedicle graft. PMID- 7223098 TI - [Protracted tourniquet syndrome after embolization of a kidney tumor]. AB - Case report regarding severe complications following renal artery embolization for kidney cancer. The post-embolic clinical course corresponded to a delayed tourniquet-syndrome. Critical evaluation of therapeutic renal arteriography as a temporary or definitive cancer treatment method. PMID- 7223099 TI - [Cancers of extravesical origin with secondary perforation into the bladder]. AB - The pseudotumorous forms of cystitis, the benign diseases of the adjacent organs, the rare diseases of the urinary bladder as well as the malignomas of extravesical origin are included into the differential diagnosis of tumours of the urinary bladder. In the present report altogether 17 malignomas of extravesical origin with secondary perforation into the urinary bladder are evaluated. Culmination points of diagnostics and therapy are discussed. Apart from the consequent performance of preventive programmes the improvement of the results of treatment presumes a vast diagnostics. PMID- 7223096 TI - [Uremic plasma as cause of metabolic changes in red blood cells]. AB - Under the influence of the uraemic plasma a number of changes of the metabolism of red blood cells develop. By means of cross experiments with the help of filtrability, of sulf-haemoglobin formation and the 125-iodine-hippuran intake the influence of the uraemic plasma and of the plasma of healthy persons on the red blood cells of children who undergo a chronic haemodialysis as well as of healthy adults (cross experiments) was examined. The red blood cells of the control persons after an incubation at 37 degrees and 60 or 180 minutes showed approximately the same changes of filtrability, formation of sulf-haemoglobin and 125-iodine-hippuran as the red blood cells of the patients with incubation in the autologous plasma. Disturbances of the filtrability and the formation of sulf haemoglobin could be proved in the uraemic red blood cells still after reincubation in the normal plasma, though clearly reduced. Only in 125-iodine hippuran a normalisation could be got. Filtrability and formation of sulf haemoglobin apparently comprise more complex processes which essentially influence the life span of the red blood cells, whereas the 125-iodine-hippuran value characterizes only a part of the metabolism of the red blood cells, the passive transport of anions. PMID- 7223100 TI - [Scrotal tumors--a case contribution]. AB - In casuistic form if reported reported on 3 patients with a malignoma of the scrotum. Problems of etiology and therapy are discussed with the help of informations from literature and are compared with the own experiences. The radical operation far in the healthy region is regarded as necessary, but it has its restriction by often far progressed stages of the tumorous disease. PMID- 7223101 TI - [Exfoliative cytology by the Sayk sediment chamber method]. AB - It is reported on methodical examinations by means of the sediment chamber technique after Sayk in the exfoliative cytology of tumours of the urinary bladder. By means of this technique the possibility of an improved cytomorphological judgment is given, since the criterial of the enrichment of cells, the immediate preparation of cells and the avoidance of mechanical damages by centrifugation are guaranteed. PMID- 7223102 TI - [Results of percutaneous kidney cyst sclerosing]. AB - The results of the percutaneous obliteration of the renal cysts in 68 renal cysts (6 cases of recidivation) are discussed. The use of an obliteration remedy is superior to the only submaximal depletion of cysts. The results after the sclerosation treatment with ethoxysclerol 2% were essentially better than after varicocid instillation. The sclerosation therapy may be performed only after a preliminary thorough angiographical clarification including renocystography. The excretion urograms are sufficient for the control examination. PMID- 7223104 TI - [The "rectal shield" of the Finsterwalde VEB Baby-Chic]. AB - It is reported on the clinical use of the rectal shield of VEB Baby-Chic Finsterwalde in urology and the use is recommended. PMID- 7223103 TI - [Male idiopathic bladder atonia--origin of occasional failures of bladder neck operations]. AB - The rare idiopathic atony of the urinary bladder in man becomes important when it determines the failure of an operation of the neck of the vesicle. Among 200 patients with vesical retention after all 5 cases of primary weakness of the detrusor were found. The compulsory cystomanometry is often not possible during the normal consulting hours or the clinical work on account of the more and more increasing number of patients with diseases of the neck of the vesicle. The measuring of the maximum miction pressure during the endoscopic examination is recommended as screening without greater expenditure. PMID- 7223105 TI - [Incidence of metabolic disorders in patients with recurrent urinary calculi]. AB - Of 117 formers of relapsing calcium oxalate calculi 75.2% showed a hyperuricaemia, 64.1% a hyperlipoproteinaemia, 19.7% a diabetes mellitus, 44.4% a hypertension, 11% a hyperuricuria (greater than 1.0 g/a day) and 7.5% a hypercalciuria. In 30 formers of relapsing uric acid calculi we could establish a hyperuricaemia in 93.3%, a hyperlipoproteinaemia in 76.7%, a diabetes mellitus in 36.7%, a hypertension in 80%, a hyperuricuria in 11% and a hypercalciuria in 3.8%. In comparison to formers of calcium oxalate calculi patients with uric acid calculi had a significantly higher body-weight. The results of our examinations make clear that in relapsing formation of urinary calculi frequently a complex disturbance of the metabolism is present which in every case must be established and treated. PMID- 7223106 TI - Comparative studies of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri) and titi monkeys (Callicebus) in travel tasks. AB - Squirrel and titi monkeys were observed in a series of experiments in which the subjects' task was to move to a distant goal along above-ground pathways. The pathways were entirely visible to the subjects in all experiments. However, visual cues along the pathways (in Experiment I) and physical and spatial properties of the pathways (in Experiments II and III) were varied systematically in order to determine what effect features had upon selection of travel paths for monkeys of each species. Marked performance differences between the species were evident in these experiments, including differences in latency to move past the choice point, proportion of trials in which the shortest route was chosen first, and changes over test sessions in frequency of initial choice of the shortest route. In particular, titis tended to move past the choice point more slowly than squirrel monkeys; to pay more attention to distant properties of the pathways prior to making a decision, especially after experience in the test setting; and to prefer habitual pathways when these were available, whereas squirrel monkeys preferred novel routes when these were available. The relative "optimality" of decision making in these tasks in relation to species-typical modes of traveling and foraging in natural habitats is discussed. An alternative view of decision making, in which optimality is not assumed to be the only decision-making strategy, is suggested as an appropriate vehicle for further investigation into the sources of short-term variability in choice behavior. PMID- 7223107 TI - [Radiation protection in theory and practice]. PMID- 7223108 TI - [Attempt at a method for the reproducibility of work-load and stress factors]. PMID- 7223109 TI - [Work-load and work-time with reference to limits of tolerance in physical work]. PMID- 7223110 TI - [Development and operation of a device for anthroprometric function measurement (the Dortmund cube)]. PMID- 7223111 TI - [Technical progress at the turning point? A human concept of the work-place of the future in the light of industrial economy]. PMID- 7223113 TI - Bacteriophages recovery from raw sewage of different texture. AB - Bacteriophages recovery was enhanced by the addition of Mg2+ divalent cation or when the raw sewage filtrate was adjusted to pH 4.5. On the other hand, when Mg2+ or Ca2+ divalent cations were added to the acidified sewage filtrate, all sensitive phase species were found to be phage-resistant. PMID- 7223114 TI - [Subclavian steal syndrome; results of operative treatment (author's transl)]. AB - 36 patients-average age 56 years--suffering from subclavian steal syndrome underwent surgery. No postoperative mortality. In a percentage of 84 the results obtained were satisfactory. In the 4 years period after the operation 7 patients died, 28 patients could now be followed up. Only in 2 cases the bypass became occluded in the intermediate time. PMID- 7223112 TI - [Health hazards of fine dust fibers]. PMID- 7223116 TI - [Chronic subphrenic empyemas and their thoracic sequelae]. PMID- 7223115 TI - [Urgent pericardiectomy, 15 cases (author's transl)]. AB - 15 cases of pericarditis with tamponade operated as emergency cases in Cho Ray Hospital from November 1976 to January 1979 are dealt with. In these 15 cases, 11 were urgently treated with pericardiectomy, 3 cases with pericardiotomy and one case with repeated pericardial punctures. From these latters pericardiectomy had to be performed in one case later because of constrictive pericarditis and evolutive cardiac failure. ETIOLOGY: Pericardial and metastatic tumour 5, suppurative pericarditis 7, Haemopericard after closed chest trauma 1, rheumatic fever 1, tuberculosis 1. RESULTS: 11 patients showed good results, 3 patients died of disseminated lesions of cancer, 1 patient with suppurative pericarditis died a few days after the operation of respiratory insufficiency. A conservative operation seems to be impossible for radically curing the disease and many post operative complications may occur. PMID- 7223117 TI - [Strip myectomy and tightening of the esophageal mucosa in the treatment of decompensated cardial achalasia (stage III)]. PMID- 7223118 TI - [Isolation and identification of Vibrionaceae]. PMID- 7223119 TI - Epidemiological studies on Salmonella in a certain area ("Walcheren Project"). IV. The incidence of Salmonella in the sewage system, in the faeces of man and pets as well as in shops, kitchens and lavatories in the village of Aagtekerke. AB - As part of the epidemiological investigations on Salmonella ion the former island of Walcheren, the contamination of sewage water in the village of Aagtekerke was studied over a prolonged period of time. These studies showed that this sewage water was frequently contaminated by large numbers of Salmonella. In the present study efforts were made to find the source of this contamination and for this purpose the incidence of Salmonella in the sewage system, in the faeces of man and pets as well as in shops, kitchens and lavatories in the village of Aagtekerke was studied for a period of three weeks in June 1977. Salmonella was only isolated from a few samples of faecal material of human and animal origin, and from the sewage system (including the inlet water and effluents of the sewage works). Serotyping showed that the strains isolated from human faeces were similar to those found to be present in the sewage system. This fact taken in conjunction with the results of the bacterial counts, suggests that the sewage system was only contaminated by a small number of carriers. The reduction of contamination observed in the sewage system during the period of investigation could be evidence that Salmonella organisms cannot survive by themselves in an environment of this type, at least not at the temperatures recorded when collecting samples from the sewage water. Growth of organisms under more favourable conditions cannot be ruled out. A questionnaire about the dietary habits and kitchen hygiene of the local population showed that contamination within households, originating with the food, is a real possibility. PMID- 7223121 TI - Activation of human complement by Yersinia enterocolitica: ultrastructural alterations and C3b-deposition. AB - Rapid killing of Yersinia enterocolitica strain 75 in smooth form (Ye 75 S) was observed in the presence of serum or of lysozyme-free serum whereas the killing activity of EGTA-serum was slow, and absent in heated (30 min 56 degree C) serum. Similarly, complement (C) activation by Ye 75 S was rapid in serum and lysozyme free serum but slow via the alternative pathway (EGTA-serum). These data suggest that C is sufficient for killing of the cells and most active via an intact classical pathway. Electronmicroscopic studies were performed on bacterial killed by serum (C + lysozyme) or by lysozyme-free serum (C). In these experiments cell fragmentation and spheroplast formation were seen after exposure of Ye 75 S to serum; in bacteria incubated with lysozyme-free serum "blebs" formation was observed as the most prominent alteration. These blebs most likely originate from the outer membrane as a result of C activation on the cell surface. The deposition of activated C (C3b) on Ye 75 S was analyzed kinetically in the presence of serum or EGTA-serum. With serum (30 vol%) massive C3b deposition was observed within 20--30 min whereas with EGTA-serum (30 vol%) the deposition of C3b was slower and less complete. Experiments with EGTA-serum also revealed that the deposition of C3b started at single sites mainly located in the region of the cell poles; from these sites spreading of C3b occurred until large areas of the cell surface were covered. These data suggest that C activation via the alternative pathway is restricted to certain regions of the bacterial surface. PMID- 7223120 TI - [Comparative efficacies of selenite and tetrathionate broth and Leifson- and Wilson-Blair agar for the isolation of salmonellae (author's transl)]. AB - The statistical interpretation of the isolation of 3,581 Salmonella strains belonging to 30 species or serovars (S) shows that the efficacy of selenite and tetrathionate broth as enrichment media was of similar magnitude for 631 strains for 13 S. The tetrathionate broth was better in the case of 2,520 strains from 11 S and the selenite broth in 430 strains from 6 S including the two pathogenetic most important species S. typhi and S. schottmuelleri. Therefore, this point needs the unconditional use of selenite broth (Table 2). Wilson-Blair agar was more efficient than Leifson agar in the isolation of the most salmonella (Table 2). Also the percentage of suspicious and false-positive colonies on Leifson agar is higher and is due to more expensive work than on Wilson-Blair agar (Table 3). PMID- 7223122 TI - [Lipase and phospholipase from Staphylococcus aureus of different origin. II. Purification and characterization (author's transl)]. AB - Lipase and phospholipase C from Staphylococcus aureus could be isolated by gel filtration on Sephacryl S 200 (Fig. 1a, b) and completely separated by refiltration under the same conditions. Isoelectric focusing gave maximal enzyme activities for lipase at pH 8.6 and 9.5 and for phospholipase C at pH 7.4 (Fig. 2). Thin-layer chromatography revealed that the reaction products in lecithin agar of the phospholipase C-preparations from S. aureus and Bacillus cereus were identical (Table 1). PMID- 7223123 TI - [Presence of histidine-degrading enzymes in mycobacteria and nocardia and reaction-kinetic studies on Mycobacterium smegmatis SN 2 (author's transl)]. AB - The occurrence of histidine degrading enzymes in whole cells of mycobacteria and nocardia was investigated. Out of 25 Mycobacterium strains, only M. smegmatis showed "histidase" activity, i.e. an uptake of histidine and a simultaneous release of ammonia. Consequently, the presence of "histidase" is a characteristic feature for M. smegmatis. In contrast to "histidase", single mycobacteria strains were able to take up histidine from the reaction mixture without liberation of ammonia or detectable oxidation of the substrate. This property was not species specific. Therefore the determination of the released ammonia is decisive for the determination of the species-specific "histidase". Strains of the genus Nocardia proved to be more active concerning "histidase". Out of 18 species we found activity in all 4 N. erythropolis strains and in 7 out of 10 N. asteroides strains; the only strains of the species N. restrictus, N. opaca, N. blackwellii, N. paraffinae and R. terrae also showed "histidase" activity. Under the experimental conditions whereby 1 mmol/l of histidine and 10 mg/ml of bacteria were used, histidine was degraded by M. smegmatis within 6--8 hours; during which reaction 1,7--1,8 mmole/l of ammonia was released and 5/2--6/2 mmol of oxygen consumed. Other metabolites, such as urocanic acid or glutamic acid were not released in the reaction mixture. The kinetics of the degradation by whole cells was investigated in detail; the Michaelis constant was 0,53 . 10(-3)M, the optimal temperature found at 43,2 degree C, below and above which temperature the activation energies were 5177 and 11806 cal, respectively. "Histidase" is inducible in M. smegmatis. After cultivation of the bacteria on media containing histidine or urocanic acid, the enzymatic activity strongly increased. The same effect could be obtained by preincubating washed cells in buffer containing histidine or urocanic acif for 4 hours. "Histidase" was inhibited by streptomycin, viomycin and p-chlormercuribenzoate. The degeneration pathway is supposed to start from histidine via urocanic acid and glutamic acid; thus the proposed pathway is different from that one suggested by Bonicke (1964). Details of the degradation pathway using partially purified enzyme preparations will be described latter. PMID- 7223124 TI - Cytotoxic activity of supernatant extracts of virulent and saprophytic leptospires. AB - Extracts from supernatants, obtained from culture of virulent strain PB-3 and saprophytic strain Isola Sacra 1, were assayed for cytotoxicity. A cytotoxic factor produced by the pathogenic strain was found to affect specifically the tested cells, at determined concentrations; on the other side a not clear and scarce cytotoxicity was shown for the extract from the saprophytic strain Isola Sacra 1. Cytotoxic factor produced by strain PB-3 was heat resistant and trypsin sensitive, suggesting to be a thermostable protein. An inhibitory doses it induced a typical, cytopathic effect on the treated cells. PMID- 7223125 TI - Simple test for detection of virus neuraminidase and antineuraminidase using lectins (lectin-neuraminidase test system). AB - The fast and sensitive detection of virus neuraminidase effectiveness (influenza virus A and B or mumps virus) and of antibodies against virus neuraminidase in human serum is described. Lectin mainly obtained from Arachis hypogaea and Helix pomatia is used in the lectin-neuraminidase test (LN-test). The lectins are capable of agglutinating erythrocytes after virus incubation because virus neuraminidase reveals the T-antigen to be situated on erythrocytes. The presence of anti-neuraminidase in human sera can be detected with the aid of lectins after incubation of the virus suspension with human serum as a result of the agglutination having failed to take place. Neuraminidase activities of the influenza virus A and B are detectable up to a virus dilution of 1: 40,000 and anti-neuraminidase could be determined in human serum samples with titres of up to 1: 10,000. All materials required for the LN-test can be arranged in a set. PMID- 7223126 TI - Protection and therapy of mice with acute and chronic experimental virus infections with propionibacterium granulosum kp-45. AB - The protection of mice against experimental infections with three different viruses (herpes simplex, vaccinia and mouse hepatitis) by Propionibacterium granulosum strain KP-45 and isolated cell walls was investigated. Pretreatment of NMRI mice with P. granulosum strain KP-45 3-7 days prior to HSV intranasal infection resulted in lowering of mortality rate (herpes encephalitis) from about 95% in controls to 15-30%. Pretreatment of NMRI mice prior to vaccinia virus infection also caused a significant decrease of the number of specific tail lesions. Infection of BALB/c mice with mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV-3) resulted in development of acute infection with lethality in 4-6 days, while in fairly resistant C3H mice chronic infection manifested by loss of weight, uncoordination followed by paralysis and death in few months was observed. Pretreatment of BALB/c mice 3-7 days prior to MHV-3 infection lowered the mortality rate to about 25-30% while no effect was observed in animals injected with P. granulosum KP-45 on the day of virus inoculation. In chronic MHV-3 infections treatment with P. granulosum KP-45 was started 2 weeks after virus inoculation and was continued every 10 days. This resulted in a significant lowering of the number of paralysed mice and in a decrease of the mortality rate. Titre of MHV-3 recovered from livers of infected mice 4 months after virus inoculation was also significantly lower in animals treated with P. granulosum KP 45 or isolated cell walls. PMID- 7223127 TI - [Growth of salmonella R-mutants in submersed cultures. 2. Influence of growth phases on the lipopolysaccharide content of the bacteria and on the chemical composition and serological behavior of the lipopolysaccharides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223128 TI - Evaluation of a test kit (Oxi/Ferm system) for identification of oxidase positive gram negative neoenteropathogenic bacteria. AB - During recent years a number of oxidase positive gram negative bacteria have been implicated as causative agents of outbreaks of acute diarrhoeal disease and food poisoning in many parts of the world. As taxonomic positions of many of them are not yet well-defined, their identification is often difficult and time consuming. This Oxi/Ferm tube system was evaluated in relation to the conventional battery of tests with 128 organisms isolated from different sources in various parts of the world. About 72% of them, comprising strains of 6 species, could be identified in this system at the species level. The Group "F" vibrios were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila in the Oxi/Ferm system. A few additional tests in the kit is are recommended to facilitate accurate identification of various species including group F vibrios. The convenient Oxi/Ferm tube system will then be very useful for the medical, veterinary, fishery, water and industrial microbiologists for rapid and easy identification of these microorganisms which are of importance to all of them, as opposed to the conventional test system. PMID- 7223129 TI - A new anaerobic blood culture medium: laboratory evaluation. AB - A new medium, Diagnostic Anaerobic Growth Medium (DAG) was evolved for the culture of anaerobic bacteria from blood. Redox potential measurements of DAG, in comparison with four other commonly used media (supplemented peptone broth; thioglycollate broth; chopped meat glucose broth; tryptone soya broth) showed that Ecal of DAG medium to be lower than that of the other media tested. The new medium recovered more quickly after addition of blood, to reach "blank" values within 4 h. Growth curves of 21 anaerobic bacteria in DAG medium showed that they all multiplied satisfactorily. PMID- 7223130 TI - [The application of the crossed immunoelectrophoresis to strains of the genus bacillus may be useful for diagnostic and taxonomic purposes (author's transl)]. AB - The two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis was used in an attempt to differentiate between the species of the genus Bacillus and reveal their taxonomic relationship. Three strains each of the species B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. cereus and one strain each of the species B. laterosporus and B. sphaericus were selected. The substrate investigated was ultrasonic extract. The evaluation of the immunoelectropherogrames was based on the numbers of the precipitates as well as on the arrangement and shape of the precipitation lines. In most cases it was possible to identify the strains belonging to a certain species because of the fact, that in the homologeous system considerable more precipitates occurred than in heterologeous systems and in addition the optical pattern of the precipitation showed up with species-specific characteristics. The extent of the divergence between the homologic and a given heterologic pattern mirrored frequently the degree of affinity of the strain involved. PMID- 7223131 TI - [Investigations on the phylogeny of Pasteurella multocida: DNA base sequence relatedness among strains representing Carter's serogroups A through E, and elimination of biovar 6 (so-called dog-type strains) (author's transl)]. AB - The phylogenetic relationships among strains of Pasteurella multocida representing Carter's serogroups A, B, (C), D and E, the type strain (which also represents serogroup A, and biovar 4), the indole-negative strain Schutze HS, and two "dog-type" strains (biovar 6) were investigated by DNA:DNA hybridization using the optical method. The genome DNAs of the "dog-type" strains were almost identical; they displayed, however, only 20% binding with the DNA of the type strain of P. multocida, and even lower or no measurable binding with the DNAs of the other strains tested. The taxon hitherto classified as biovar 6 of P. multocida is therefore considered as a distinct species; yet the data so far available do not rule out that it belongs to a genus other than Pasteurella sensu stricto. - The remaining strains exhibited high genome DNA relatedness, with between 64 and 98% DNA binding. The present data do not rule out the existence of molecular subspecies in P. multocida. PMID- 7223132 TI - [The identification of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria. Experiences with 676 apyocyaninogenic strains (author's transl)]. AB - During a period of 16 months 1757 strains of nonfermentative gram-negative rods have been isolated from clinical material. Of the, 1205 (69%) were P. aeruginosa, 124 (10%) of which failed to produce pyocyanin. The apyocyaninogenic strains as well as the remaining 552 isolates were differentiated by steps according to a diagnostic scheme developed by us. For identification of species two or three steps were needed. By this procedure, 530 of the 552 strains could be assigned to nineteen species within the genera Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Agrobacterium and Acinetobacter. 17 strains could not be identified below the genus level, one strain belonged to CDC-group VE-2 and four strains were not identifiable. 72% of the 552 strains belonged to only four species: Pseudomonas putida, P. maltophilia, Acinetobacter lwoffii and A. anitratus. PMID- 7223133 TI - Neuraminidases of Bacteroidaceae die neuraminidasen von bacteroidaceen. AB - Neuraminidases can be detected in members of the anaerobic gram-negative non sporing rods (Bacteroidaceae), especially in the genus Bacteroides. B. fragilis, the most virulent species, has the highest neuraminidase activity, while the other intestinal species exhibit markedly lower activities or the enzyme is completely absent. Members of the Bacteroides oralis group, so far investigated, degrade only substrates of lower molecular weight. PMID- 7223138 TI - [On the evaluation of health factors in high-rise buildings. 2. Bioclimatological consequences resulting from comparative measurements of the air ionisation in a high-rise building located in a heavily contaminated suburban area and at certain altitudes (author's transl)]. AB - According to accepted scientific theories inhaled small ions deliver their charges in the pulmonary alveoli and this leads to local recharges. This process stimulates structures of the central nervous system and the activity of the endocrine is excited, resulting in an enhancement of the general well-being. These possibilities of interpretation regarding a biological ionic effect are supported, with reservations (e.g. effects produced by a change in climate), by positive medical effects during and after a stay in a well-ventilated mountain climate or also in a sea-climate. Owing to their lower mobility the large ions are inhaled as small ions to an increasing extent. The chemical and physical noxa are delivered and deposited in the respiratory tract. They "stick" the epithelia in the trachea and in the bronchi as well as the endothelia in the lung vesicles. The number of the ciliary movements is reduced. Similar effects are known to be caused also by nicotine abuse. This results in a decreased ability of expectoration and a lower intake of oxygen by the alveoli. These facts could furnish an explanation for the increased vulnerability of city dwellers to infections diseases and to catarrh. The changed ionisation of air in urbanised areas (mainly large ions in high concentrations) definitely represents only one of the many risk factors. In addition to the attempt to characterize bioclimatically local weather conditions by means of the non-conventional parameter "air ionisation" our study has also been intended to establish biologically oriented criteria for the living in a high-rise building in a particularly unfavourable location. Under specific microclimatic conditions the uppermost storeys were at times bioclimatically favoured over the lowermost, especially when shallow air inversion is present. In such cases, small ions exclusively were registered in the upper storeys and large ions in the lower floors. PMID- 7223134 TI - Urinary excretion of an unidentified treponeme in a case of leptospirosis. AB - Two kinds of spirochetes were observed by dark-field microscopy in the urine of a leptospirosis patient on day 26 after the onset of the disease. The spirochetes were identified as treponemes and leptospires. A classification of the treponemes on basis of their morphology was attempted by means of electron microscopy with no conclusive result. Cultivation of the spirochetes was unsuccessful. Sera obtained prior to, during and after the excretion of spirochetes were tested for antibodies in routine serology tests for leptospirosis and syphilis. The diagnosis leptospirosis was confirmed by a rise and subsequent fall in antibody titres. The sera were nonreactive in syphilis serology tests, but showed a weak fluorescence in a fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test when Treponema calligyrum was used as antigen. It could not be determined whether this reaction was due to antibodies raised in response to antigens of the excreted treponemes. PMID- 7223136 TI - [The development of weaned piglets experimentally infected with Isospora suis as a model for the effect of lasalocid and halofuginone on coccidia (author's transl)]. AB - Piglets which were early-weaned at the age of 21.7 days and experimentally monoinfected with oocysts of Isospora suis showed distinct reductions in zootechnical criteria during an experimental period of 4 weeks. The daily liveweight gains in the infected piglets (group B) was 19.7% lower than in the control group A, which was free of Coccidia. Comparative photographs with the REM showed serious lesions in the small intestine of infected piglets, which are thought to be mainly responsible for the reduced productivity. The application of 150 mg Lasalocid per kg of total feed to infected piglets caused the rate of weight gain to attain the same values as the noninfected controls (group A). Piglets receiving Lasalocid treatment passed oocysts with the faeces which were infectious. On the other hand, infected piglets which were treated with 6 mg Halofuginone per kg of total feed did not contain any oocysts in the faeces. Despite having a higher liveweight at the beginning of the experiment, this group only gained as much liveweight as the infected piglets (group B). This depression in liveweight gains could be explained by the significantly reduced uptake of feed, which was 21.1% lower than in the controls (group A). 6 weeks after the first infection, a re-infection resulted in the appearance of oocysts in the faeces of the piglets which had been treated with Halofuginone. On the other hand, the animals treated with Lasalocid had developed an efficient immunity to Isospora suis. PMID- 7223135 TI - Chlamydial hemagglutinin: interaction of ether-ethanol extracted fraction with sensitive erythrocytes. AB - Chlamydial particles and soluble hemagglutinin were separated by differential centrifugation from the supernatant of L-cells and the allantoic fluid of chick embryo infected with C. psittaci 6BC and C. trachomatis TW-3. Concentrated hemagglutinin was fractionated with ether-ethanol; specimens were compared using sensitive erythrocytes of adult white Leghorn chickens. The ether-ethanol extract had a 40- to 80-fold higher hemagglutinin titer than the crude hemagglutinin or the ether-ethanol insoluble fraction. The extracted hemagglutinin also showed a higher complement-fixing activity than the other two fractions. Extracted hemagglutinin was stable for 3 months at 4 degrees and --70 degrees C when sonicated immediately before hemagglutinin; it agglutinated to a similar titer at 37 degrees, 25 degrees and 4 degrees C, showing the reaction to be temperature independent; it agglutinated to a similar titer within a pH range of 7.0 to 8.0 McIlvaine citrate buffer-saline solution and Dulbecco's phosphate buffer solution without Ca++ and Mg++ at pH 7.0 were both suitable for hemagglutinin-titration. Hemagglutination failed to take place in non-electrolyte solutions. PMID- 7223137 TI - [On the evaluation of health factors in high-rise buildings 1. Behaviour of some environmental factors (author's transl)]. AB - None of the test series carried out with completely different parameters (summation measurements of different type for SO2, fluorine, chlorides as well as germ counts for air) have indicated that the people living on the higher floors of tower blocks are exposed to a greater burden than those living on lower floors. On the contrary, the chloride analyses and also ther germ counts made on the balconies showed that such tower blocks are exposed to dust and dirt swirling up from the streets from the second up to the sixth floor (max. pollution on the third floor). In the stairwell, the highest germ count was made on the ground floor, as was to be expected. Needless to say, these results apply only to the conditions prevailing here. Somewhat different results may be obtained in other places, under different conditions regarding location and building structure. However, the results clearly show that the assumption that the upper storeys of high-rise buildings are exposed to a higher burden cannot be generally valid with respect to the parameters used. This is the least that our results indicate. PMID- 7223139 TI - [On the evaluation of health factors in high-rise buildings. 3. Sociological investigations and questioning of physicians about living in high-rise buildings (author's transl)]. AB - It can be rightly assumed that there are persons who evidently prefer to live in high-rise buildings. They should not be prevented from doing so as long as no evidence is produced that this preference neither does any serious harm to the people concerned nor causes any major risk of damage to the community. To our knowledge, accurate and sufficiently extensive empirical investigations have not yet been undertaken. One cannot help feeling that general shortcomings (e.g. inadequate town planning, housing planning, workmanship etc.) lead to a hunt for scapegoats. The high-rise building appears to be a rewarding object for such intentions. There is conclusive evidence that dwellings of good and poor quality exist. Both can be found in the detached single-family house and in the tower block. What has to be claimed is mainly a good location and good workmanship, for both are much more important than the type of the dwelling. The most striking deficiencies which were found in the high-rise buildings of Graz are mistaken selection of the location and poor workmanship. The improvement of the living conditions of a larger number of people will therefore depend more on the elimination of these shortcomings rather than on the promotion of certain types of dwelling. Subsequent to these sociological investigations, a physician questioned the general practitioners prevailingly attending to tenants of the high-rise buildings under study. There is no trend toward an increased incidence of objectively determinable diseases among the people living on the upper storeys of the high-rise buildings under review. This holds good for both the adults and the children. By contrast, the factor "noise" evidently influences health to some extent. The influence of this factor is partly so overrated that it outweighs, in particularly severe cases, any other adverse environmental condition. PMID- 7223140 TI - [Studies on the mutagenic effect of extracts derived from airborne particulates within one year in differently burdened areas using the Ames test (author's transl)]. AB - Suspended matter was collected at three sampling sites with different air pollution levels (DU = Duisburg, mining, iron and steel industry; D = Dusseldorf, residential city; K = Krahm, rural district) in 1978. The seasonal variations of the mutagenicity of extracts from samples collected monthly were assayed by the Ames-test. Th results are presented as the number of revertants related to air volume, weight of the suspended matter, weight of the dried extract and to the amount of benzo(a)pyrene in the extract. The mutagenicity varies according to the benzo(a)pyrene concentration in the atmosphere: the highest values are found during the winter, the lowest during the summer. When the mutagenicity is based on the benzo(a)pyrene content, it remains nearly constant throughout the year (sampling site DU) or rises in the summer (sampling sites D and K). These results indicate that at least in heavily polluted areas the larger part of the mutagens may originate from the same sources as benzo(a)pyrene (e.g. incomplete combustion). The direct (assayed without activating system) mutagenicity of the extracts is somewhat higher in winter than in summer. However, these differences are low or missing, when the mutagenicity is expressed as number of revertants per weight of suspended matter or dried extract. The mutagenicity reaches a maximum in summer, provided, the number of revertants is related to the benzo(a)pyrene concentration. These results indicate that the direct acting mutagens present in the air originate from other sources than that of benzo(a)pyrene (e.g. automobile exhaust). The mean values of the mutagenicity related to the number of revertants per dry-weight and weight of suspended matter do not differ among the three sampling sites. It can be assumed that the composition of the particulate matter may be similar with respect to mutagens regardless the level of pollution. PMID- 7223143 TI - Survival of Salmonella typhi in oysters. AB - Shell oysters were reared in experimental conditions to elucidate the survival rate of Salmonella typhi in the body of cultured oysters and the fate of S. typhi in the shucked oysters. Sixty to 80 cultured oysters were reared for 4 h at 15 degrees C in 40 l of sea water than contained 1 x 10(4) -- 2 x 10(4) cells/ml of S. typhi (V-form) added, then these contaminated oysters were transferred to a tank that contained 40 l of clean sea water circulated through a ultraviolet disinfectant apparatus with a filtration system, and oysters were reared therein for 7-9 d at 15 degrees C. During the time the oysters were in the clean sea water, 5 oysters were periodically sampled, shucked, and the number of viable cells of S. typhi in the oysters was determined. At the beginning of the rearing in the clean sea water, the number was 4 x 10(5) -- 8 x 10(5) cells/100 g (MPN) in the shucked oysters. The MPN gradually lowered thereafter during the first 4 h in the clean sea water, but 24 h later, the MPN was reduced as much as 4 log. Thereafter, 20-80 cells/100 g (MPN) or 2-12 cells/oyster of S. typhi were enumerated up to the end of the experiment and a complete elimination was not observed. When the contaminated oysters were preserved at 10 degrees C, 5 degrees C or -20 degrees C, as shucked oysters, he number of viable cells of S. typhi did not change beyond the range of 1 log which may be caused by individuality at all temperatures tested during the first 10 days, i.e. the value did not tend to be reduced during this period. When the oysters were stored by -20 degrees C, the viability of S. typhi was apparently unaffected up to 140 days when the experiment was terminated. All these experiments were highly reproducible. PMID- 7223141 TI - Microbiological quality of frozen precooked and peeled shrimp from South-East Asia and from the North Sea. AB - The microbiological quality of frozen precooked and peeled shrimp is largely dependent upon the method of processing. The investigations were carried out in order to study the difference between the microbiological quality of shrimp from South-East Asia and from the North Sea and to determine whether both can meet draft FAO/WHO and ICMSF-specifications; 100 samples of frozen precooked and peeled shrimp from South-East Asia and 50 samples of shrimp from the North Sea were examined. In 45% of the shrimp samples from South-East Asia and in 78% of the samples of North Sea shrimp the number of aerobic mesophiles was over 10(6) per g. The number of Staph. aureus was higher in the samples of shrimp from South East Asia than in those from the North Sea: 34% of the samples from South-East Asia had over 2 x 10(3) Staph. aureus per g., whereas only 6% of the samples of North Sea shrimp exceeded this number. Gram-positive mesophilic cocci were predominant in shrimp from South-East Asia. Gram-negative psychrophilic bacteria were predominant in North Sea shrimp. This difference in bacterial flora is caused by a difference in processing. The number of Enterobacteriaceae was usually low (less than 2 x 10(2) per g) in both kinds of shrimp. In three lots of South-East Asian shrimp Salmonella was detected. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was not found. On the basis of draft FAO/WHO endproduct specifications all lots of both South-East Asian and North Sea shrimp would have been rejected. On the basis of ICMSF specifications the rejection amounted to 90 and 80% of the lots, for the two types of shrimp respectively. Preservatives were not detected in shrimp from South-East Asia, whereas benzoic acid was present in all samples of North Sea shrimp. It was concluded that the ammonia content is a valuable objective quality index only in case of North Sea shrimp. PMID- 7223142 TI - Salmonella agona isolated from fish meal and a Salmonella strain isolated from shrimps in Lebanon. AB - Salmonella agona was isolated from an imported fish meal specimen and a Salmonella strain not listed in the Kauffmann-White Scheme was isolated from a shrimp specimen obtained from the Mediterranean coast of Lebanon. The biochemical and serological properties of the S. agona fish meal strain was identical to a standard strain. The serotype of the shrimp strain was O13,22 Vi. With the exception of hydrogen sulfide production the biochemical properties of the shrimp strain were similar to S. agona. PMID- 7223144 TI - [Comparison of intra-uterine devices, Copper-T-200 and Dana-Super-Fix-Cuprum (author's transl)]. AB - The two above IUDs were compared by application to 411 patients, with the Copper T 200 being used on 239 and the Dana-Super-Fix-Cuprum on 172. Gravidity occurred to 2.9 or 5.8 per cent of all probands. The Pearl indices were 2.6 or 4.2. Spontaneous expulsion was observed in 2.5 or 3.5 per cent of all cases. Devices had to be extracted from 9.6 or 11.6 per cent of the patients. Adnexitis was diagnosed in 0.4 or 1.7 per cent of the cases. Continuity values were 85.0 per cent for the Copper-T-200 and 79.1 per cent for the Dana-Super-Fix-Cuprum. No substantial difference in effectiveness was found to exist between the two above copper-based intra-uterine devices. PMID- 7223145 TI - [Clinical experience from transcervical intra-amnionic hypertonic saline instillation for termination of pregnancy in second trimester]. AB - Transcervical intra-amnionic hypertonic saline instillation was used and tested for its practicability on pregnant women in the second trimester with contra indications to prostaglandins. The pregnancies were terminated without any remarkable complication, under most stringent observation of aseptic conditions, careful cleaning of the birth canal, and preventive use of broad-range antibiotics. Immediate morbidity accounted for 4.35 per cent. Hence, the technique was not inferior to other approaches, when reference was made to negative outcome of termination. No late morbidity was recorded by clinical follow-up checks. Once the method will be verified by a higher number of patients and further improved, for example, by reducing the time required for induction, it may become a readily practicable and inexpensive variant of termination in the second trimester. PMID- 7223146 TI - [Intramural gravidity - case report and account of literature (author's transl)]. AB - Reference is made to a report on intramural pregnancy, the twelfth case so far described in accessible literature, and the authors' own views on the possible origin of this extremely rare location of pregnancy are added to other assumptions so far made on the pathogenesis. The hypothetical proposition made by the author's is based on the assumption of transperitoneal penetration of the uterine wall by the spermovium via a focus of endometriosis. Described are case histories, symptoms, tentative diagnoses, and surgical approach in the cases so far observed. PMID- 7223147 TI - [Ultrasonographic detection and clinical importance of placental migration (author's transl)]. AB - Pathological insertions were diagnosed in 66 of 4, 804 ultrasonic placentograms, beginning with the 13th week of pregnancy. Placental migration, that is displacement towards the fundus of the uterus of the caudal adge of the placenta, was followed up by consecutive checks. Pathological placenta locations were recorded in 4.1 per cent of all cases, up to the 20th week of pregnancy, was found to emanate from migration in the majority of all cases. The process of placental migration usually takes place up to the 30th week of pregnancy and is completed by the 35th week. If pathological insertions were diagnosed after the 20th week f pregnancy, migration was found to take place with much lower incidence. Methodical problems relating to ultrasonographic representation are discussed together with clinical consequences. PMID- 7223148 TI - [Selective caesarean section for breach presentation - bearings on morbidity of survivors neonatal period (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have continued their own analysis of deliveries from breech presentation by studying childhood morbidity of 1,094 single infants who had survived the neonatal period, between 1966 and 1975. Particular attention was given to the impact of selective caesarean section on primiparae, beyond completion of the 36th week of pregnancy. The two reported periods between 1966 and 1971 as well as between 1972 and 1975 were compared for that purpose. -The frequency of caesarean sections went up from 11.6 to 52.2 per cent. Severe parturitional trauma, such as fractures or plexal paralysis, were prevented, but hypoxia was aggravating. No accurate assessment was possible of the full role played by hypoxia and of its importance. A conspicuously high number of children delivered by caesarean section exhibited neurological symptoms, during the first days after birth and even up to the date of leaving hospital. No relationship was found to exist between morbidity and parity. Conclusions with great relevance to practice were drawn from these findings. PMID- 7223149 TI - [Experience obtained from steroid prophylaxis for premature birth (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have studied the effects of steroid treatment, when used to cope with imminent premature birth. The incidence of RDS was found to be reduceable by half by administration of steroids to the mother. Complementary antibiotic treatment is recommended to prevent the outbreak of puerperal infections. The point is also made that steroid therapy has caused significant rise in the incidence of infant icterus. PMID- 7223150 TI - [Subtotal demolition of the uterus and subsequent pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - This is a case report on a severe injury to the female genital organ with subtotal rupture of the uterus caused by rape. The surgical approach taken to the case is discussed together with problems relating to more recent pregnancy. Caesarean section was the primary approach taken in the knowledge of excessive destruction of the uterine ligaments. Birth was given to an intact infant. PMID- 7223151 TI - [Cardiotocographic diagnosis in pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - A diagnostic programme has been recommended for cardiotocography in pregnancy. It is designed to non-stress testing and includes the oxytocin exposure test for better assessment of both oscillations and accelerations, depending on foetal movement, without or following arousal stimulus. -- Up to 95 per cent of all findings are obtained from non-stress or negative oxytocin exposure tests which are highly dependable diagnostic indicators to sufficient oxygen supply to the foetus. A pathological oxytocin exposure result would call for differentiated selection of those frequency images which do support suspicion of hypoxia, but these account only to something between two and five per cent among all high-risk pregnancies under conditions of selective cardiotocography. PMID- 7223152 TI - [Possibilities for misinterpretation of direct fetal electrocardiography]. AB - Direct foetal electrocardiography doses help the experienced examiner to detect cardiac arrhythmia. It can be an early signal of imminent danger. However, errors may occur to the interpreter of foetal electrocardiograms. They may be caused by materno-foetal ECG conduction in a case of intra-uterine foetal death, appearance of maternal pulses in the foetal curve, errors in pole connection of the scalp electrode, and superposition of alternating current on the ECG curve. Knowledge of those potential sources of error is essential, if erroneous decisions are to be avoided. PMID- 7223153 TI - [Role of ultrasonography in attention to multiple pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasonic examination, 482 in totality, were applied to 199 cases of multiple pregnancy, between the twelfth and 41st weeks of gestation. Gestation periods were successfully extended by improved early diagnosis and well-timed prophylaxis of premature births which had all been enabled by the availability of ultrasonography. The period under review was from 1977 to 1979, and gestational periods of 37 weeks and more were reached, within these three years, by 76 per cent of all women with twin pregnancy. Reference is made to issues relating to the use of ultrasonography on multiple pregnancies both prior to the 20th week and in a highly advanced stage. -- Great importance to diagnosis and monitoring of multiple pregnancies with differentiated growth is being assumed by ultrasonic cephalometry and thoracometry. Intensive treatment is, in any case, required by twin pregnancies in which biparietal diameters differ by 5 mm or more. PMID- 7223155 TI - [Uninvolved combination of hardware for objectivation of rheobase measurement (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper is a combination of equipment by which muscular response in rheobase measurement can be recorded. Hence, some of the possible errors relating to the human factor in using conventional methods will be ruled out, and better comparability between different author's findings will be ensured. PMID- 7223154 TI - [Role of rheobase measurement in recording and controlling premature labour (author's transl)]. AB - A rise in the rate of premature childbirth from six to eight per cent was recordable in some region of the GDR, in recent years. This figure added to the statistical record of perinatal mortality and accounts for something between 60 and 80 per cent. -- Aggravating neurovegetative irritability, next to foetal and maternal causes as well as to factors of the environment, has been quoted as the major cause of premature onset of labour. Rise in vegetative tension may be determined by means of rheobase measurement of neuromuscular excitability, on the basis of central nervous coupling of the striated muscle. -- Rheobase measurements were applied to pregnant women and statistically evaluated, between 1977 and 1979. -- The RS 12-1 electrostimulator and AP 202 arterial pulse indicator were used for rheobase measurement proper. Contractions were recorded by means of the DT-500 tocograph and Hewlett-Packard cardiotocograph. -- As a whole, 167 rheobase data were recorded from 101 patients. The rheobase data recorded from patients with premature onset of labour were significantly below those obtained from women with normal course of pregnancy. The rheobase threshold (critical value) may be defined as 3.5 mA. Statistical evaluation of follow-up rheobase measurements on pregnant women with premature labour showed that the values underwent significant change towards the normal in response to tocolytic therapy. Decline in rheobase in response to tocolytic therapy will be followed, with high probability, by termination of pregnancy. -- Rheobase is a parameter which was found to correlate properly with the risk of premature childbirth and, therefore, should be used in diagnosis (score to determine risk of premature childbirth) and therapy (supervision of tocolytic treatment). PMID- 7223156 TI - [Perinatal mortality of newborns with birth weights above 2,500 g and delivered from breech presentation (author's transl)]. AB - An account is given of the problem of delivery from breech presentation, with reference being made to an analysis of childbirths over the last 14 years (1965 through 1978). -- Since the rate of premature births from breech presentation was found to be much higher than that generally recordable from vertex presentation, the gap being roughly by factor 4, reference in this paper has been restricted to children with birth weights above 2,500 g, defined as "mature" in a WHO recommendation, with the view to establish comparability between the data given in this paper, on the one, hand and the birth record on the basis of vertex presentation, on the other. -- Evidence is provided, by the example of 604 newborns delivered from breech presentation, that their intrapartum and postpartum mortality -- generally referred to as "purified" perinatal mortality, does not differ from figures quoted for comparable cases of vertex presentation. - Another point made is that the vaginal route of delivery, except for complete extraction, is by no means necessarily inferior to caesarean section. Reduction of perinatal mortality, including morbidity, is considered to depend primarily on adequate labour monitoring. -- Taking into due consideration the considerable increase in maternal mortality and morbidity, the authors feel that the indications followed for termination of labour by caesarean section should be identical with those applicable to vertex presentation. -- The conclusion is drawn that delivery from breech presentation is a problem of premature birth rather than of positional abnormality. PMID- 7223157 TI - [Are unmarried pregnant women candidates for high risk delivery regarding low birth weight? (author's transl)]. AB - Evidence has been produced to higher risk for unmarried pregnant women to deliver children with low birth weight, with reference being made to the files of the Gynaecological Hospital of the Region of Schwerin and, more particularly, to single live births, between 1969 and 1977. That higher risk was found to depend on other factors, as well, with particular emphasis on residence and occupation. The risk, however, was found to be lowered, when it came to second births and decline in the rate of low birth weight, in the context of unmarried mothers. Yet, the decline was less strong, as compared to married mothers, and the risk associated with unmarried women, consequently, remains to be regularly 60 per cent above average. These findings are considered by the authors as being relevant to supervision and guidance of women during pregnancy. PMID- 7223158 TI - [Acquired disorders of coagulation among patients at a centralised obstetric unit (author's transl)]. AB - Treatment was given for 34 757 childbirths and 5,317 abortions at the Gynaecological Hospital of Medizinische Akademie Erfurt, GDR, between 1967 and 1977. Disorders of coagulation were recorded from 0.207 per cent of all cases. These had been caused by premature placental detachment, amnion infection, dead foetus syndrome, amniotic fluid embolism, septic abortion, and missed abortion. Incidence, mortality, and therapeutic policies are discussed. PMID- 7223159 TI - [Chronic vulvar pruritus caused by terminal-fibre neuroma episiotomy scar (author's transl)]. AB - Elucidation of pathogenesis is a major prerequisite for successful treatment of chronic vulvar pruritus. With the great number of episiotomies in modern obstetrics, episiotomy scars count as possible cause of pruritus. Traumatic terminal-fibre neuroma was established as pathogenetic factor in one case. Such almost a structural tumour was not histologically recordable unless special methods were applied. PMID- 7223160 TI - [A modified approach to opening of abdominal wall for gynaecological operations (author's transl)]. AB - Described in this paper is a modified method to open the abdominal wall for gynaecological operations, and it is compared for postoperative formation of haematoma with the two most common conventional methods. The modified method and lower median incision so far have been performed on a comparatively small group of patients, when compared to Pfannenstiel's incision. Therefore, no unambiguous conclusion can be drawn as yet. The validity of the method should be confirmed by a larger number of operations. The method should be tried by more hospitals to enable large-scale comparison with other techniques. PMID- 7223161 TI - [Vaginal discharge, the only symptom of uteri communicantes (author's transl)]. AB - Described in this paper is a patient, aged 22 years, with uteri communicantes with unilateral atresia of the vagina duplex and ipsilateral renal agenesis. The urogenital abnormality was manifest only at the beginning of cohabitation, when old, infected menstrual blood and vaginal secretion were discharged from the blind-ending vagina through a communication between the two cervical canals into the normally functioning vagina. The patient recovered completely, following unilateral hysterectomy and colpectomy. PMID- 7223162 TI - [Premature placental detachment in concomitance with incomplete uterus rupture caused by road accident (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223163 TI - [Collection and classification of human oocytes in gynaecological operations (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 131 ovarian follicles was punctured in 27 gynaecological operations, none of them with pretreatment. Seventy eight oocytes were collected and classified by three categories, pre-ovulatory (twelve = 15.4 per cent), non ovulatory (39 = 50.0 per cent), and degenerated (27 = 34.6 per cent). The findings thus obtained did not differ from Kubo's data. His patients had received folliculostimulating pretreatment. PMID- 7223164 TI - [Electron microscopy for examination of epithelium of hydrosalpinx (author's transl)]. AB - Four morphologically measurable conditions of epithelial cells proved safely recordable by electron-microscopic examinations of the human hydrosalpinx: 1. Epithelium largely normal, with clearly differentiated cells; 2. Epithelial areas with necrobiosis; 3. Regeneration of epithelial complexes; 4. Indifferent regeneration epithelium without definitely indentifiable function of the individual cell. -- Results so far obtained are likely to suggest that functional restoration of partially damaged epithelium of the fallopian tube can be expected, owing to the established regenerative potential of epithelial cells, once pressure has been removed from the hydrosalpinx. PMID- 7223165 TI - [Methods for collection of human oocytes from ovary (author's transl)]. AB - Collection and investigation of human oocytes are essential to the solution of certain medical problems. A total of 265 oocytes was obtained in the authors' own experiments from 34 surgical specimens, seven ovarian wedges, and 46 follicular punctates, all collected during operations. Oocytes may differ greatly in quantity and quality, depending on the original material or, more specifically, physiological condition of the ovaries, technique of collection, case history, and age of patient. PMID- 7223166 TI - [Behaviour of Butanol-extractable iodine in serum, during and after long-time application of hormonal contraceptives (author's transl)]. AB - The behaviour of butanol-extractable iodine in serum was tested, during and on completion of administration of Non-Ovlon, Ovosiston, Gravistat, and Deposiston, the latter being a longacting contraceptive. Action of synthetic sexual steroids led to an increase in butanol-extractable iodine. However, this change proved to be easily reversible, soon after the end of medication, even after long-time application. Yet, complete normalisation should not be expected to occur before the second cycle without contraceptives, which applies, in particular, to women who had been on long-acting contraceptives. PMID- 7223168 TI - [Use of Vagimid (Metronidazol) for chemotherapy of bacterial genital infections (author's transl)]. AB - Vagimid (metronidazol) was used for antibacterial therapy in 115 cases of obstetric or gynaecological infections. The infections were brought under control in all cases. No Metronidazol-sensitive organisms were recordable, following treatment. The use of metronidazol on such infectious processes, particularly in cases in which other chemotherapeutic agents have failed or also in combination with less effective medicaments, seems to be justified for its strong action on obligate anaerobes which are aetiologically involved in the majority of these diseases. PMID- 7223169 TI - [Determination of radicality of iliacal lymphonodectomy in Wertheim's radical operation (author's transl)]. AB - Lymphographic radicality may be determined by presurgical and postsurgical lymphography with measurement of radicality of iliacal lymphonodectomy. Lymphographically uncontrasted lymph nodes, as recordable from Wertheim's radical operation, accounted for 20 per cent in a surgical specimen. Radicality of lymph node counts can be calculated, for all practical purposes, by the following formula: RZ = Number of presurgical lymph nodes - posts, nodes.100 Number of presurgical lymph nodes Radicality, which can be calculated by surface and volume measurements of extirpated lymph nodes, is about 20 per cent in excess of the value obtained by counting. The latter approach was found to be suitable for research, in particular. Determination of radicality of lymphonodectomy is a practically useful aid in deciding post-surgical irradiation of patients who have undergone radical surgery for carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7223167 TI - [Initial action of synthetic sexual steroids on serum-haptoglobin concentration (author's transl)]. AB - Sera of 21 clinically intact women, who had been on Non-ovlon, Gravistat or Deposiston, were tested for their haptoglobin levels, during two control cycles and in the first three cycles on contraceptives. Serum-haptoglobin concentrations were reduced. A primary role is played, in that context, by oestrogens. PMID- 7223170 TI - [Radiological treatment of cervical carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223172 TI - [Vaginal hysterectomy for corpus carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Treatment of 470 patients for endometrial carcinoma is reported in this paper. Operations were performed on 64 per cent of the patients, among them vaginal hysterectomy in 70 per cent of the latter figure. Results are likely to confirm that vaginal removal of the uterus and adnexa provides the lowest surgical risk in the age group with predominance of endometrial carcinoma. Previous gynaecological operations, myomatous uterus, and nulliparity are no contraindications to the vaginal route. PMID- 7223171 TI - [Causes of deaths of patients with ovarian carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223173 TI - [Use of gestagens to control in vitro growth of endometrial carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - The impact of three gestagens, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, norethisterone acetate, and D-norgestrel, on in vitro cell cultures was tested in 40 test tubes and ten cover glasses. All tested cultures were of endometrial carcinomas. Cytomorphological changes were recordable from more than half of all cultures and interpreted as sensitivity to gestagens of the carcinoma concerned. No differences were safely established regarding effectiveness of different gestagens and different concentrations. In vitro gestagen action was clearly demonstrated by determination of nuclear overlap indexes of the cover glass cultures. No answer has yet been found as to whether reduction in nuclear overlap index, following addition of gestagens, had been caused by cellular modification. - Sensitivity of endometrial carcinoma to gestagens in vitro depended clearly on the degree of morphological differentiation. PMID- 7223174 TI - [Primary vaginal carcinoma - analysis of 100 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The importance of prevention to vaginal carcinoma was underlined by results obtained from a retrospective analysis of oncological patients who had been hospitalised at the First Gynaecological Hospital of Prague, between 1946 and 1970. While five-year healing of 41 per cent compared well to reports published elsewhere, the authors feel that the prognosis of this rare tumour might be further improved by earlier detection and treatment. PMID- 7223175 TI - [Considerations on latency of chronic residual urine in the female bladder (author's transl)]. AB - The process of chronic formation of residual urine in the female bladder, occurring against various aetiological backgrounds and bringing about the risk of terminal renal insufficiency, has continued to remain latent in too many cases. Hints are given on early diagnosis, with particular reference being made to the requirements of cooperation between urologists and gynaecologists. PMID- 7223176 TI - [Pass-through operation for surgical treatment of recto-vaginal fistula (author's transl)]. AB - Recto-vaginal fistula is comparatively rare. There are certain cases in which it can be removed by means of the pass-through operation, a technique which bears good promise, with no need for cutting through the perineum into the rectum. PMID- 7223178 TI - [Spinal traumas in fatal accident injuries]. PMID- 7223177 TI - [A variation in posture for surgery of intervertebral lumbar disk displacement and spinal space requiring processes in the region of the whole spine (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7223181 TI - Humoral and cell-mediated immune response of foals vaccinated with attenuated equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1). PMID- 7223179 TI - [Experimental erysipelas in turkeys following intravenous infection with Erysipelothrix insidiosa. I. Electron microscopic findings in the kidneys]. PMID- 7223183 TI - Haematological studies on domestic animals in Nigeria. III. The effects of age, breed and haemoglobin type on bovine haematology and anaemia. PMID- 7223182 TI - Immunity induced in mice by Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from rabbits. PMID- 7223184 TI - Haematological studies on domestic animals in Nigeria. IV. Clinico-haematological features of bovine trypanosomiasis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, eperythrozoonosis and helminthiasis. PMID- 7223185 TI - [A mathematical simulation model to estimate the population development in a bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony following infestation with the mite Varroa jacobsoni Oud]. PMID- 7223180 TI - Experimental transplacental transmission of hog cholera virus in pigs. III. Histopathological findings in the fetus. PMID- 7223186 TI - Serological evidence for antigenic variation in brains of mice infected persistently with the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis. PMID- 7223187 TI - [Indications of the pseudotuberculosis microbe in contaminated food products using the indirect hemagglutination-inhibition test]. PMID- 7223189 TI - [Production and characteristics of allergens from the agents of and histoplasmosis]. PMID- 7223188 TI - [Certain indices of local and general immunologic reactivity in children with acute staphylococcal destruction of the lungs and its sequelae]. PMID- 7223190 TI - [Citrobacter diversus bacteria (classification position, role in pathology)]. PMID- 7223191 TI - [Pathogenetic role of immune complexes circulating in the blood of patients with alimentary toxicoinfections of salmonella etiology]. PMID- 7223192 TI - [Morphologic study of the safety of oral immunization with corpuscular pertussis vaccine]. PMID- 7223193 TI - [Effect of acute respiratory viral infection on the formation of postvaccinal measles immunity]. AB - The formation of postvaccinal measles immunity under the conditions of the uncomplicated development of the postvaccinal process and in cases of concomitant acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) was studied. The peculiarities of immunological reaction to ARVI in the postvaccinal period in children were characterized by disturbances in measles antibody synthesis and changes in the ratio and content of immunoglobulins. The negative influence of ARVI especially in cases of its appearance at an early period after vaccination, was manifested in decreased antibody production and in the gradual loss of immunity to measles in some children as they grew older. PMID- 7223194 TI - [Evaluation of certain local immunity factors in patients with infectious allergic bronchial asthma and therapy with immunostimulators]. AB - Among the patients with the allergic infectious bronchial asthma accompanied by the chronic recurring infection of the respiratory organs a decrease in the immunoglobulin level of bronchial secretion, as compared with the normal level, was revealed in 72.1%, and the absence of IgA or SIgA in 23%. The immunofluorescent study of the biopsy specimen of the bronchial mucous membrane confirmed the suppression of local immunity accompanied by the decreased number of immunoglobulin-producing cells in the epithelium and the subjacent connective tissue, by changes in the basal membrane and by the sclerosis of the mucous membrane. Immunostimulating therapy with levamisol yielded good results, especially in patients with decreased local immunity, including patients receiving glucocorticosteroids. The complete absence of immunoglobulin-producing cells in the bronchial mucous membrane is prognostically infavorable: this condition may be the cause of immunotherapy having a weak effect, even to the point of being ineffective. PMID- 7223195 TI - [Experience with the autovaccinal treatment of chronic carriers of typhoid bacteria]. AB - Considering bacterial carriership as a special form of typhoid infection inducing the allergic transformation of the body with the development of delayed type hypersensitivity and believing that vaccinal therapy might be the most promising method for treating the states of this kind, the authors used autovaccine, introduced by the method of epicutaneous electrophoresis in accordance with Alisov's scheme, for the treatment of chronic carriers of typhoid bacteria. The subsequent prolonged (up to 20 years) observation of the carriers revealed that the release of the infective agents became less intensive and the number of persistent carriers decreased 2.5 times as compared with the control group of carriers treated with antibiotics and roborants. The results of the study of morphological changes occurring in the mucous membrane of the small intestine of the carriers indicated that after complex treatment the inflammatory process decreased and in some carriers disappeared. PMID- 7223196 TI - [Evoked muscle potentials in severe conduction disorders of injured nerves]. AB - In 175 patients with clinical signs of grave impairment of the conductivity, absence of induced muscular potentials has helped to diagnose full anatomic rupture of the nerve, i.e. a case when resection and junction of the nerve by suturing are necessary. The examination of the induced muscular potentials made it possible to specify the degree to which the continuity of the axons inside the nerve trunk was preserved. The amplitude of the induced muscular potentials was lowered down to 0.01 mV. The speed of the stimulus conduction diminished down to 40.0 +/- 9 m/sec in cases of the median nerve damage: to 44.4 +/- 4 m/sec, if the ulnar, and to 11.1 m/sec, if the radial nerve was damaged. PMID- 7223197 TI - [Changes in the nervous system in lupus crises]. AB - In 31 patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus, morphological examinations of the central and peripheral nervous system were carried out. In the nervous system, changes of the connective tissue, the vessels and the myelin membranes of the nervous fibres were discovered. Characteristic of the systemic lupus erythematosus were nuclear pathology and appearance of micronecroses in the cerebral tissue. The most pronounced changes in the nervous system were noted in 14 cases of autoimmune lupus crises. In these cases, the disease was distinguished for a high clinical and immunological activity. PMID- 7223198 TI - [Relationship between the severity of brain damage in phenylketonuria and the degree of hyperphenylalaninemia]. AB - The frequency of the various degrees of the intellectual defect and convulsive syndrome was studied in 473 patients with phenylketonuria divided into four groups as regards the phenylalanine blood level, that was 150 to 199 mg/l in group I, 200 to 299 mg/l in group II, 300 to 399 mg/l in group III, and 400 mg/l and higher in group IV. A substantial increase of the number of patients with grave mental derangement and epileptic seizures was noted in groups II and IV: this shows that the risk of the grave mental affection is the greater the higher the phenylalanine serum level. An increased number of patients with a slight intellectual derangement in group I (43.2%) was noted, while in all other groups, the frequency of the mild course of the disease remained stable (about 7.5%). Possibility of existence of several pathogenic thresholds of hyperphenylalaninemia, as well as possible mechanisms of brain protection are discussed. PMID- 7223199 TI - [Application of high-speed thermovisor TV-03 to rapid diagnosis of focal pathology of the nervous system]. AB - The equipment for, and methods of thermovisional examinations developed by the authors and used in 300 patients with focal pathologies of the central and peripheral nervous system are described. In patients with intracranial processes, local changes of the skin temperature on the head usually correlating with the loci of the brain pathology are revealed. The correlation between the asymmetry of the thermal fields and the tumour localization in relation to the brain surface was found to be regular. Peculiarities of the thermographic picture are described with reference to the histobiological characteristics of the tumours. In meningiomas, the zone of the increased luminosity was rounded, homogenous and distinctly outlined; in gliomas reaching the brain surface, this zone is diffuse and less intense. Thermovisional characteristics of traumatic meningeal hematomas with regard to the time of their formation are presented. Acute hematomas were characterized by a lowered skin temperature above them, chronic ones by a brighter luminosity in the zone of their localization. For the first time the thermovisional syndrome of the traumatic foci of brain contusion and smashing is described. Thermovisional appearance of spinal cord tumours, intervertebral disc hernias, injures of peripheral nerves, etc. is also presented. PMID- 7223200 TI - [Clinico-experimental study of auditory-speech agnosia (case with anatomo histologic verification)]. AB - Under observation there was a female patient (a right-hander) who had three ischemic cerebral strokes within a year. After the first stroke she developed an amnestic-sensory aphasia, after the second an auditory and speech agnosia with a complete loss of the ability to understand the speech addressed to her, and after the third stroke she died. Macro- and microscopic examinations showed that the first stroke caused a destruction in the region of the left temporal lobe cortex involving a part of the Heschl convolution; the second stroke resulted in destruction of the right temporal lobe involving almost the whole Heschl convolution. Thus, it has been confirmed that the syndrome can develop only in case of a grave bitemporal damage. Comparative examinations of the speech and audition after the first and the second stroke have shown that in auditory and speech agnosia, the auditory discernment of phonemes, their combinations and the speech prosodic elements is pronouncedly deranged, the formation of conditioned reflexes to sounds of a supraliminal force is disturbed, the detection of short acoustic messages and acoustic filtration are hampered (mainly on the side contralateral to the affected one) the amusia gets more marked and the discernment of rhythms more difficult. All these disturbances are highly dynamic. A question on the role of defects of the right and the left hemispheres in the clinical picture of the auditory and speech agnosia is discussed. PMID- 7223201 TI - [Postural synergy disorders in local brain lesions]. AB - The electrical activity of the muscles of the legs and trunk was examined in 84 patients with verified (primarily neoplastic) affections of the brain. The patients were in the standing posture and were asked to make a voluntary movement (to raise an arm). The examinations showed that in patients with one hemisphere affected the posture synergy of the muscles was disturbed in both halves of the body. This was regarded as a consequence of a dysfunction in the so-called secondary, higher motor zones of the brain. The disturbances of the premovement activation of the muscles in both halves of the body were found to be significant only in cases of frontal lobe affections. This was confirmed by restoration of the posture synergy after successful ablation of the tumour. PMID- 7223202 TI - [Certain clinico-anatomic features of large and giant arterial aneurysms of cerebral vessels]. AB - On the basis of examining 72 patients 14 of whom later died it has been concluded that the most substantial differences of large and giant aneurysms of cerebral arteries from small ones consist in development of focal neurological symptoms and intracranial hypertension: this is due to both compression of the brain structures and disturbance of the cerebral circulation caused by aneurysms more than 2 cm long. The intracranial hypertension is the most frequent in aneurysms over 3 cm long, especially, if those aneurysms are localized in the vicinity of cerebral liquor ducts. Patients with arterial aneurysms exceeding 2 cm develop hemorrhagic complications in 2/3 of the cases. While using modern treatment methods (stereotaxic and intravascular) one should take into account the peculiarities of the structure of large and giant aneurysms in the brain. PMID- 7223203 TI - [Use of the MMPI in neuropsychological analysis of personality disorders]. AB - By means of a modified variants of the MMPI 20 patients were studied (10 with prevalent left and 10 with right frontal lobe lesions). The results, similar in the framework of groups with homogenous localizations, indicate principle differences attained in the personality profiles. In left-side frontal lobe lesions the main are the 8th, 1st, and 2nd scale, with an expressed 0-scale. In right-side lesions the main are the 7th and 9th scale. The results obtained correlate with the data of other personality techniques. PMID- 7223204 TI - [Reflection of disorders in the choice process reaction in cortical evoked activity of oligophrenic patients]. AB - Evoked cortical potentials (the late positive component P 300) were registered in situations of differentiating visual stimula and deciding on selecting motor reactions in oligophrenic patients (12 cases) and normals (17 cases). The patients demonstrated disturbances in the process of selecting the reaction, which may be expressed in evoked cortical electrical activity: the amplitude of the component P 300 in the vertex to a stimula, related to selecting reactions, is not increased. An assumption is made that oligophrenic patients show no focal cortical activation in the anterior cortical areas in situations, requiring selection of motor reactions. PMID- 7223205 TI - [Neuropsychological analysis of disorders in higher mental operations in children with acute serous meningitis]. AB - A neuropsychological analysis was performed of voluntary movements and actions, of the visual and auditory gnosis, memory and speech in children aged 4-7 years in acute serous meningitis. The results demonstrated certain defects in mental functions, especially distinct in the acute period of the disease. The data obtained indicate functional disturbances in the frontal and intraparietal associative areas of the neocortex. Despite a clinical recovery, most of the children showed no complete normalization of the higher nervous activity. PMID- 7223206 TI - [Psychological methodologic procedures for detecting and evaluating the work orientation of schizophrenic patients]. AB - The paper is concerned with a description of a complex of psychological methods in detecting and assessing labour orientation of schizophrenic patients. The use of these approaches in experimental psychological examination in 58 schizophrenic patients permitted to distinguish the existence of preserved, disturbed labour orientation, as well as their complete absence in different forms and variants in the development of the schizophrenic process. The found criteria of different types of labor orientation may facilitate a better prognosis in the socio-labor readaptation of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7223207 TI - [Predispositional and "process" factors in the pathology of cognitive activity in schizophrenia]. AB - Psychological studies demonstrated certain changes of speech and thinking in schizophrenic patients, increasing as the morbid process develops. However these changes cannot be considered as specific schizophrenic and apparently are related to changes of more general factors, determining mental activity and particular an increase in it. The conducted studies permit to single out in the pathology of cognitive activity of schizophrenia changes which are connected both with the process and predispositional factors, the interaction of which determines its expressivity in the cognitive activity during the process of a schizophrenic defect formation. PMID- 7223208 TI - [Features of the "Zeigarnik effect" in psychiatric clinical practice]. AB - The "Zeigarnic effect" is well known in psychology. It consists in the fact that incomplete actions are remembered better than complete ones. The conducted study concerned 94 individuals: 30 normals and 64 schizophrenic patients (34 with pseudoneurotic and 30 with affective-delusional syndromes). The ratio of reproduced incomplete and complete tasks in the group of normals was equal to 1,41, while in the group of schizophrenic patients with a pseudoneurotic syndrome it amounted to 1,29 and in patients with an affective delusional syndrome to 1,1. The behaviour of the examinees during the experiment was distinctly different. The results of the studies point to disorders in the motivational sphere of schizophrenic patients and is especially marked in patients with an affective delusional syndrome. PMID- 7223210 TI - [Features of attention in schizophrenic patients with different degrees of expression of the defect]. AB - The report is concerned with a study of certain aspects of attention, as a characteristic of mental activity in schizophrenic patients with different degrees of deterioration. New experimental data have been obtained indicating to such dynamical traits of attention as its stability and reversibility. These facts permit to speak of a progressive (along with the development of the schizophrenic process) changes of voluntary attention, reflecting a drop in mental activity in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7223209 TI - [2 approaches to experimental psychology studies in psychopathies]. AB - The paper deals with some results of experimental psychological studies of psychopathic personalities, which indicate the efficacy of using not only experimental data for verifying the existing clinical concepts. Such studies are important as well for formulating some psychological hypotheses, the solution of certain questions on the basis of the known personality theories in psychology. The possibility of using psychological examinations for the study of motivations in psychopathies are discussed. For the 4 forms of psychopathy (explosive, hysterical, inhibited, paranoidal) the prevalent motives are singled out, which in normals as a rule are not the leading ones. PMID- 7223211 TI - [Visual perception disorders in depressive syndromes]. AB - A wide range of psychopathological visual phenomena, part of which are traditionally considered as derealizational disturbances, are described in the structure of depressive states. Five main types of disordered visual perception are singled out, which differ by their structure and degree of correlation with the depressive affect and symptoms of depersonalization in a wide sense. The results point to certain dynamics in the described phenomena, their sensory basis. Electrooculographic studies of eye movements indicating a peculiar formation of a visual image in different forms of depressions are demonstrated. PMID- 7223212 TI - [Psychopathology of anxiety]. AB - A study of 102 patients with different psychoses (schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, alcoholism, vascular, somatogenic, reactive and exogenous-organic) made it possible to describe general phenomenological traits of anxiety. Such traits are the following: a prevalence of an affective component of anxiety over verbal and motor; a prevalent "inner formation" of fears; a tendency of anxious hypochondriacal fears towards a depressive affect, while fears of a vital character to the phobic affect. Anxiety is considered as a variant of a depression. In the continuum of affective disorders anxiety occupies a place between depression and a phobic affect. PMID- 7223213 TI - [Training of psychiatrists in the Department of Psychiatry of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Education]. PMID- 7223214 TI - [Features of speech dynamics in patients with different variants of motor aphasia in stroke]. AB - Results of studying the peculiarities of speech restoration in patients with dynamic, efferent, afferent, and mixed motor aphasia are presented. These peculiarities were found to depend on the gravity of the speech disorder, time of the beginning and duration of the logopedic treatment, methods of the restorative training, relation between the impaired and preserved sides of the speech function. The studies of the peculiarities of the speech restoration process in various forms of motor aphasia have demonstrated that restorative training is necessary, has good prospects, and may contribute to a substantial social readaptation of the patients. PMID- 7223215 TI - [Psychopathology of poetry writing of schizophrenic patients while ill]. AB - On the basis of a psychopathological analysis of over 300 poems written by 29 schizophrenics in the state of the defect some characteristic features associated with the disturbances in the sphere of thought were revealed. The verses written by the patients showed a strange interpretation of the events being described, an unnecessary accentuation of minor details, a striving for formal novelty, peculiar plays on words, various abbreviations underlinings, as well as an amorphous character, absence of key points, inconsistency of the plot. In a number of cases the poverty of the content was combined with grandiloquent pathetics. Characteristic of the verses written by the schizophrenics was emotional inadequacy. In the author's opinion, verses of schizophrenic patients in the state of the defect can serve as a differential diagnostic criterion of the defective states. PMID- 7223216 TI - [Relationship between the 1st experience with the use of an information bank to optimize management of a territorial psychiatric service and the task of rehabilitating mental patients]. AB - The paper concerns results of the use of an information bank for purposes of optimizing, from the standpoint of a total systems approach, the structure and activity of psychiatric services in the region and enhancing the effectivity of the rehabilitative programmes. The main principles of forming the bank of information, including computer analogues of case histories, the system of managing the bases and models of optimizing the activities of facilities and their subunits, are described. A systemic coordination of such models provided a complete continuity in the activities of hospitals, dispensaries and intermediate subunits. This circumstance allowed an implementation of successful outpatient treatment in a large group of patients with a protracted development of diseases and consequently to enhance the efficacy of the activities of mental health services in the region. PMID- 7223217 TI - [Clinico-rheoencephalographic characteristics of patients with initial forms of cerebrovascular diseases accompanied by arterial hypertension]. AB - In 352 patients with initial signs of deficient blood supply to the brain that manifested in the presence of an elevated blood pressure the clinical picture of the cerebral hemodynamics were examined. Clinical and rheoencephalographic peculiarities of vascular dystonias, arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis with secondary hypertension were specified. It was shown that the higher the arterial pressure, the more marked the microfocal neurological symptoms and the worse the cerebral hemodynamics. PMID- 7223218 TI - [Clinical features of acute right hemisphere lesions during the acute period of myocardial infarction]. AB - The patients with the acute stage of myocardial infarction and focal affections of the left and the right hemispheres of the brain were observed. The patients with the acute myocardial infarction and focal affections of the right hemisphere, especially, with the infarction-apoplexy syndrome, developed pananosognosia, i. e. incomprehension and negation of not only hemiplegia, but also the cardiac disease. The so frequent development of the pananosognosia in the infarction-apoplexy syndromes, i. e. in cases when the coronarocerebral catastrophe progresses swiftly and violently, is probably due, apart from the local factors (the focal affection of the right hemisphere), to the general cerebral factors, such as, brain hypoxia, the degree of which predetermines to a great measure the function of the brain, and aggravates, in its turn, the disturbance of the conjugated activity of the brain hemispheres. In cases of combined affections of the heart and the left hemisphere the patients show adequate personal responses to the morbid state, and the latter becomes for a certain period of time an integral part of the patient's "ego". PMID- 7223219 TI - [Hemodynamic disorders in the acute stage of stroke]. AB - The state of hemodynamics was studied in the acute period of cerebral stroke in 84 hypertensive and atherosclerotic patients. A dependence of the hemodynamic shifts on the character of the stroke, the gravity of its clinical manifestations, time of the examination, and the disease outcome was demonstrated. On the basis of the data obtained individualized therapy is suggested. PMID- 7223220 TI - [Clinico-immunologic parallels in atherosclerotic discirculatory encephalopathy]. AB - For disclosing the character of the immunological reactivity disturbances in atherosclerotic discirculatory encephalopathy the humoral and tissue immunity was examined in 160 patients. Signs of an increase of the hypersensitivity (both immediate and delayed) to local antigens were revealed, these signs correlating with the stage of the encephalopathy development. The changes discovered may be of a diagnostic and prognostic value in chronic forms of vascular encephalopathies. PMID- 7223221 TI - [Neuroophthalmic characteristics of patients with transient cerebrovascular disorders]. AB - Results of complex neuroophthalmological examinations of a group of patients with transient disturbances of the cerebral circulation are considered and discussed. On the basis of clinical, rheoencephalographic, electroencephalographic, ophthalmocalibrometric, ophthalmodynamometric, biomicroscopic (of the conjunctiva vessels) and other ophthalmoscopic findings it has been concluded that the transient disturbances of the cerebral circulation can be differentiated both topically and pathogenetically: this may serve as a basis for individualized pathogenetic therapy. PMID- 7223222 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid chlorine-soluble proteins and lipoproteins in the differential diagnosis of cerebral infarct and brain tumor]. AB - Results of determining the chemical composition and the electrophoretic spectrum of chlorine-soluble proteins and lipoproteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebral infarctions and brain tumours are presented. The determinations showed non-identity of those proteins in the patients with the above diseases. The information obtained can be of value for solving a number of questions concerning the differential diagnosis, determination of the tumour character, as well as some other questions. PMID- 7223223 TI - [State of the clotting and anticoagulant systems of the blood in children with cerebrovascular insufficiency of congenital etiology]. AB - The author investigated the hemocoagulation system in 59 children with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency caused by sequelae of natal inadequacy of the cervical division of the vertebral column and vertebral arteries. In children examined, pronounced thromboelastographic changes were noted. These changes pointed to a tendency to hypercoagulation combined with manifestations of hypocoagulation in the third phase of the blood clotting. This is an indication of activation of the secondary anticoagulation mechanism which plays a compensatory role in preventing intravascular thrombosis. PMID- 7223224 TI - [Recovery of motor disorders following stroke]. PMID- 7223225 TI - [Cerebral circulatory disorders while taking contraceptives]. AB - Two observations of cerebral circulation disturbances developed by young women who used contraceptives are described. In one of them thrombosis of the median cerebral artery was diagnosed angiographically. In the other woman thromboses of the dural veins were revealed on autopsy. The pathogenesis of the arterial and venous cerebral circulation disturbances in women using contraceptives is discussed. The role of some additional risk factors, such as, obesity and smoking, is stressed. PMID- 7223226 TI - [Discordance and variability in the clinical picture of schizophrenia in hereditarily loaded families]. AB - On the basis of comparing the clinical forms of schizophrenia in 132 "parents- children" pairs and 104 pairs of sibs (of 200 families with aggravated heredity) the authors have shown that the discordance phenomenon is associated with the characteristics of the catatonic and simple forms of schizophrenia and the periodic and paroxysmal course of the process, the facts, that prove the phylogenetic connection of the forms and types of the schizophrenia course. The discordance data are in agreement with a chronological random analysis of the schizophrenia diagnoses (with regard to the forms of the disease and the type of its course) made in 1961 to 1976 The diminution of the number of patients with the paroxysmal course of the process and with the catatonic form observed in the last years can be understood from the standpoint of the evolutionary-genetic hypothesis of schizophrenia. PMID- 7223227 TI - [Results of a clinico-statistical study of the course of unremitting paranoid schizophrenia]. AB - Statistical regularities characterizing the temporal distribution of the transitions of continuous paranoid schizophrenia from from stage to stage were studied on a random epidemiological material. It has been shown that the mechanism responsible for those transitions has, in principle, a probability nature, and the distribution as such can be described by a sole parameter which is a value expressing the probability of the disease transition to the next stage within a time unit. It has been also shown that this parameter can serve as a measure of the disease progress. PMID- 7223229 TI - [Features of the clinical picture and course of ambulatory schizophrenia with onset in young adulthood (clinico-catamnestic study)]. AB - From a population of epidemiologically examined schizophrenics of three Moscow regions a group of 96 patients was selected. These patients have fallen ill in adolescence and youth and have never been hospitalized after their primary dispensary examination. A catamnestic examination of them carried out in 10 to 15 years has shown that the "ambulatory" schizophrenia of the juvenile age is characterized by prevalence of neurosis-like and effaced forms, and takes a course mainly in the form of lingering atypical pubertal "schube" (the so-called "state of juvenile asthenic inadequacy"). This state ends in regression of the symptoms and in the patients' social and working re-adaptation, as the juvenile age is past, however, shallow schizophrenic changes still remain. The question on the expedience of extramural treatment of such patients and expansion of indications for their social and working rehabilitation is discussed. PMID- 7223230 TI - Daughter cell fusion and formation of polykaryons in a cold-resistant (CR) L cell variant. AB - A cold-resistant (cr) variant of mouse L fibroblasts called LC3, isolated by repeated cooling of the parent population for several weeks at 4 degrees C, differed from the wild-type cells in morphology and function. Microcinematographic records demonstrate that their motility is markedly reduced when compared with that of the L cells. They enter mitosis at 30 degrees C, at 37 degrees C and at 39 degrees C, but they finish cytodieresis only at 30 degrees C. At the higher temperatures, they reach anaphase, but then the daughter cells fuse and form polykaryons. At 39 degrees C, bizarre forms with large undulating membranes predominate in the damaged population. The cr cells may be used as a model for the study of temperature adaptations on cellular level, as well as for the analysis of the relations between membrane properties, cold resistance and cell cycle control. PMID- 7223228 TI - [Variety in the course and prognostic criteria for paranoid schizophrenia with onset in adolescence and young adulthood according to late follow-up]. AB - A clinical follow up study carried out 10 to 15 years after the schizophrenia onset in 130 patients who fell ill in adolescence and youth has shown that there are differences in the degree of the process advancement at late stages of the disease course. This makes it possible to speak about three different tendencies in the disease development, and namely: a) rapid formation of the so-called terminal states (31.5%), b) retention of the process activity with continuing complication of the productive disorders (40%), and c) noticeable reduction of the morbid manifestations with signs of compensation of the personality defect and possibilities of social and working adaptation (the so-called late remissions, 28.5%). Some clinico-pathogenetic differences correlating with the above variants have been discovered. This makes it possible to deduce prognostic criteria in those forms of the disease. PMID- 7223231 TI - Determination of the parenchymal weight of the adult human kidney in the living. AB - Parenchymal weight of the adult human kidney can be considered the most adequate measure of the amount of the working renal tissue. It can be estimated fairly accurately from multivariate regression equations derived from the study of 287 specimens. The equations enable the calculation of unit clearance values per 100 g renal parenchyma in the living. PMID- 7223232 TI - Influence of protein synthesis inhibitors on neutral red-induced autophagocytosis in chicken pancreatic acinar cells. AB - Administration of neutral red to chicks resulted in an appearance of autophagic vacuoles in the pancreatic exocrine cells, containing mainly fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as Golgi elements, mitochondria and zymogen granules. The time course of the morphological changes was followed. The translational inhibitors cycloheximide and emetine did not induce injury, even they were equally found to exert a dose dependent, temporary, preventive effect against autophagocytosis induced by neutral red. This protection might be related to the capability of the drugs for stabilizing the polyribosomes and thereby preserving the structural integrity of the granular endoplasmic reticulum membrane. PMID- 7223233 TI - Complete new joint developed in man, in adult age: short communication. AB - Post mortem examination of a 60-year-old woman revealed that a new joint had developed at the border of the median and upper thirds of the ulna. The joint contained all the components of a complete articulation: articular cavity, capsule, articular surfaces, spongious bone, synovial tufts. The finding demonstrates that the human organism is able to form a new joint. The report is illustrated by photomicrographs taken from sections of the original material. PMID- 7223234 TI - The role of the lateral upper arm bundle and the lymphatic watersheds in the formation of collateral pathways in lymphedema. AB - The study of possible drainage pathways for the upper extremity after axillary lymphadenectomy by means of Indian ink injection shows: 1) that the single drainage is through the lateral upper arm bundle, but only if the latter joins the supraclavicular nodes or if its infraclavicular ending remains unremoved; 2) that the lateral bundle occur as either a long or a short type; 3) that with regard to the lymphatic drainage of the skin, areolae, zones and territories can be distinguished; 4) that a long bundle is the more suitable collateral way as collectors of the forearm territory join it; 5) that the most frequent cause of lymphedema is the fact that lymph of the forearm as well as of the dorsomedial upper arm territory can reach the lateral bundle only via the cutaneous plexus, over the lymphatic watersheds. PMID- 7223235 TI - Re-evaluation of the lymphocyte migration through the high-endothelial venules. Light and electron microscopic studies on the opossum's lymph node. AB - We have described two types of lymphocyte migration through the HEV. In the first case the lymphocytes do not show constriction ring during the diapedesis. 97% of lymphocytes migrate in this manner. In this migration pattern the lymphocyte gets through the endothelium by means of flexibility and pliability of the endothelium. It is suggested that these lymphocytes migrate into the blood from the lymph node. In the second case the lymphocytes undergo morphological changes, they form constriction ring and they migrate from the blood into the lymph node. PMID- 7223236 TI - Evaluation of the amount of crystallinity of bone mineral in the course of the aging process in man. AB - The analysis of per cent osteoid tissue, ash content and crystallinity of bone mineral of 67 patients 20--90 years of age, who died suddenly because of various reasons, was performed. Electron spin resonance spectrometry was used for measuring crystallinity. One-way analysis of variation of the results grouped according to sex and age showed no significant differences what concerns the ash content and crystallinity. Percentage of osteoid tissue was higher in the older groups of patients. No differences were found between males and females in the corresponding age groups. The possible mechanism responsible for the slightly higher crystallinity of bone mineral observed in the oldest group is discussed. PMID- 7223237 TI - The ultrastructure of sensory dendrites following chemical stimulation of the lip of Helix pomatia L. AB - The ultrastructure of lip of Helix pomatia was investigated after application of distilled water, snail-ringer, sucrose and sodium chloride solutions. In the sensory dendrites, various types and degrees of morphological alterations were found, viz. changes in electron density of dendrites and mitochondria, occurrence of swollen cisternas, appearance of multilamellar and multivesicular bodies, development of electron-dense deposits in mitochondria and smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, fragmentation of cristae of swollen mitochondria and rearrangement of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Occasionally, signs of degeneration and focal necrosis were also seen. Using different chemical stimulants, we failed to make morphological distinction between sensory dendrites although the differences in the chemo-specificity of receptors have been shown by electrophysiological investigations. PMID- 7223238 TI - Reversed effect of chlorpromazine on hypothalamic serotonin levels of rats with complete deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus. AB - The effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) treatment, the complete deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and their combination on 5-HT, DA and NE levels of the MBH, hypothalamic structures outside the MBH (RH), mesencephalon and amygdala were studied. Monoamines were determined by fluorimetry. CPZ reduced 5 HT in the hypothalamus (MBH, RH), DA in the amygdala and NE concentration in the RH. Complete deafferentation of the MBH decreased 5-HT in the MBH, DA in the amygdala and NE in the hypothalamus. CPZ + deafferentation of the MBH increased 5 HT concentrations in the hypothalamus (MBH and RH) and mesencephalon, and depressed DA levels in the amygdala and NE in the hypothalamus. The data suggest that the interruption of the neural connections of the MBH results in an inverse response of the hypothalamic serotoninergic elements to CPZ. PMID- 7223239 TI - A simple freeze-fracturing and etching apparatus using the cold block principle. AB - An inexpensive freeze-fracturing and etching equipment, based on the cold block principle, is described. The specimen is fractured inside the apparatus before replication with the aid of a simple fracturing device. The cleavage plane can be preselected and complementary fracture surfaces of tissue blocks are easily obtained. Since fracturing is carried out without the use of knife, large areas can be studied on the replica which is free of knife marks. Temperature measurement and heating of the lower block makes controlled etching possible. The apparatus can be constructed in a laboratory workshop at very reasonable expense; the results have been comparable to those obtained with most good quality or sophisticated freeze-etching equipments. PMID- 7223241 TI - Different dendritic arborization patterns of motoneurons in various places of the rat's lumbosacral spinal cord. AB - With the aid of the cobalt labelling technique the distribution and morphology of motoneurons were studied in the 2nd and 3rd lumbar segments of the rat's spinal cord. On the basis of arborization patterns of their dendritic arbors, motoneurons can be classified into six groups. 1. Large stellate-form neurons occupy the centre of the ventral horn. 2. Marginal neurons are found at the ventrolateral border of the ventral horn. 3. Horizontal neurons form a small group in the dorsolateral corner of the ventral horn. 4. Upper stellate neurons situate in the dorsal part of the ventral horn. 5. Triangular neurons constitute a compact group in the medial corner of the ventral horn. 6. Unclassifiable neurons form a scattered group in the ventral part of the ventral horn. The arborization pattern of dendrites of adjacent neurons belonging to the same group frequently resemble one another to such an extent that they are called "twin" neurons and derive probably from a common cell lineage. One member of such twin pairs is often the small counterpart of its much bigger mate. Dendrites originating from the same morphological type of motoneurons and running in the same direction, aggregate into smaller or larger bundles. The majority of dendritic bundles is oriented in, or close to, the transversal plane of the spinal cord; a significant number of longitudinal dendrites are found only in the group of triangular neurons innervating the axial musculature. The possibility is discussed that the differentiation of the different forms is determined both by genetic and epigenetic factors during morphogenesis. PMID- 7223242 TI - Effect of 3-methylcholanthrene on RNA polymerase and protein kinase activities and on the nuclear ultrastructure of rat liver. AB - The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) is a well known inducer of the microsomal mixed function oxidase enzyme system in rat liver cells. It seems probable that the inductive action of 3-MC is realized, at least partly, at the transcriptional level of protein synthesis regulation. The present experiments indicated that in the liver of young rats there was a significant alteration in the activities of nucleolar as well as nucleoplasmic protein kinase and RNA polymerase enzymes during the first days of exposure to a single dose of 3-MC. The ultrastructural investigations showed that 3-MC treatment caused nucleolar hypertrophy and accumulation of lipid inclusions in the nucleoplasm. PMID- 7223244 TI - Ciliated perikarya, "peptidergic" synapses and supraependymal structures in the guinea pig hypothalamus. AB - There are numerous nerve cells giving rise to solitary cilia of type 9 x 2 + 0, in the hypothalamic areas studied (medial preoptic nucleus, supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, anterior periventricular nucleus, wavy paraventricular ependyma, and infundibular wall), further in the precentral gyrus and cerebellar flocculus. In the hypothalamic nuclei, the perikarya contained granular vesicles of varying sizes (800 A to 1800 A in diameter). In the supraoptic nucleus, a second neuron type was described among the lateral optic fibres. These nerve cells differ from the main neurosecretory ones by the size of their granular vesicles and their high number of large axo-somatic synapses formed by myelinated axons. In the paraventricular nucleus, axons may terminate on the basal lamina of vessels. A subependymal neuron group was described near the wavy paraventricular ependyma. The subependymal hypothalamic neuropil is characterized by various kinds of synapses including apparent "peptidergic" ones, and by axo-glial synaptic connections. The latter are also present on the apica surface of the ependyma in various regions of the 3rd ventricle. In addition, intraventricular structures (dendrites, axons, neuronal and non-neuronal perikarya, synapses) were studied by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PMID- 7223243 TI - Monoaminergic afferent neurons in the peripheral visceral reflex arcs. AB - In cats the distal and proximal stumps of transected postganglionic bundles of the celiac ganglion were studied by the Falck--Hillarp histofluorescence methods 72 hrs after transection. Non-degenerated monoaminergic axon terminals were found in the distal stump. It is assumed that these axons reach the celiac ganglion and inhibit the principal ganglion cells. PMID- 7223240 TI - Zonal differences in the distribution and morphology of lipid droplets using 4 amino-pyrazolo-(3,4 d) pyrimidine to lower cholesterol level in the rat adrenal. AB - The effect of reduced blood and adrenal cholesterol levels on adrenocortical lipid droplets have been examined by treating adult rats with 4-amino-pyrazolo (3,4 d) pyrimidine (4-APP), a drug that inhibits hepatic secretion of lipoproteins. Lowering the blood cholesterol level and the cholesterol content of the adrenals was associated with a marked reduction in the lipid droplets and with a simultaneous increase in their electron density in the inner cortical zones. In the zona glomerulosa cells, no perceptible differences were found in the quantity and morphology of lipid droplets. These data suggest that reduced blood and adrenal cholesterol levels do not affect lipids located in the zona glomerulosa and in the inner cortical zones in the same way, probably due to differences in their intracellular lipid dynamism. Noteworthy, that in spite of the marked lipid depletion, the adrenal glands retained their responsiveness to ACTH stimulation. PMID- 7223245 TI - Fine structural localization of calcium binding sites in the neuromuscular junction. AB - By means of electron cytochemical analysis of rat neuromuscular junctions subjected to perfusion with a calcium-containing (5 mM) aldehyde fixative, two kinds of presynaptic calcium binding sites were demonstrated. "A" sites are located above openings of junctional folds; these triangular elements are identical with presynaptic protrusions of the active zone and probably comprise calcium channels of the presynaptic membrane, "B" sites, located within the terminal axoplasm, are associated to multivesicular bodies probably accumulating surplus intracellular calcium. This fine structural arrangement enables a highly parsimonious usage of extracellular calcium in inducing release of acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles. Junctional folds of the postsynaptic membrane may funnel calcium ions exactly to spatially restricted calcium channels. Having entered the terminal through the channels opened by the arrival of nerve action potential, calcium ions may exert their action upon synaptic vesicles accumulated in the closest vicinity by means of stripping off hydration barriers and by inducing membrane fusions, that finally result in quantal release of acetylcholine from the terminal. PMID- 7223246 TI - Morphological changes of mouse spermatozoa in uterus as revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. AB - Submicroscopic alterations occurring in mouse spermatozoa during their sojourn into the female reproductive tract--as revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy using ruthenium red as marked for glycosaminoglycans--are described in the present investigation. The results show that the surface of the plasma membrane covering the acrosomal region of the spermatozoa found in the uterus--at different intervals of time after copulation (between 10 minutes up to 20 hrs)--are provided with an increasing number of granules and small vesicles. Some of the surface structures appear gradually leading to perforation of discrete areas of plasma membrane in regions corresponding to acrosomal areas covering the head of spermatozoa. Similarly ruthenium red preparations, show a significant decrease of glycosaminoglycans and their sialic acid moieties, which specifically precede further vesiculation and perforation of the sperm plasma membrane covering the same acrosomal regions. PMID- 7223247 TI - Cancer and ageing. AB - Tissue culture and transplantation techniques can be used to analyse the relationship between ageing and cancer. In vitro transformation experiments show that the transformation frequency in mesenchymal cells and salivary gland epithelium does not seem to be age-associated but in the bladder old epithelium can be transformed much more frequently than young. Preliminary transplantation experiments confirm this relationship. These experiments suggest that the increased age susceptibility is tissue dependent. PMID- 7223248 TI - Some philosophical problems of evolution. PMID- 7223249 TI - General theory of evolution. AB - The biological, neural, cultural and technical evolutions and their phenomena have been explored, and on the basis of our findings the formation of a general theory of evolution has been undertaken. In each of the systems studied, the presence of structural building units, excitable structures and an energy-flow going through the system can be observed. Under the organizing effect of this energy-flow, the spontaneous generation of the replicative information begins and the structures of the system establish functional relations with each other. It can be demonstrated that the evolution of structures has a replicative character. The evolution goes through a phase of non-identical replication, and reaches the phase of identical replication. The parts of the system become separated, that is, compartments develop within it. The replicative information becomes compartmentalized and it converges. As a consequence of the convergence, the compartments compose new structural units which is tantamount to the development of new evolutional levels. The direction of evolution is determined by the growth of replicative information, and this process is concluded when the total system becomes one replicative unit. In the last part of the paper a few of the basic principles of evolution concerning matter, energy and information are drawn up. PMID- 7223250 TI - Population genetic basis of the evolutionary change. AB - Short introduction is given to population genetic treatment of the evolutionary change. The evolutionary change in the population is based upon the appearance (by mutation or immigration) of new genetic information. The proportion of this new information may increase or decrease by selection and/or random processes. The aid of population genetics is to formulate models in order to understand the essence of the evolutionary change. Some simple deterministic and stochastic single-locus models are quoted from elementary population genetic theory. PMID- 7223251 TI - On the organizational basis of the evolution. PMID- 7223252 TI - Reflections on the evolution of the nervous system. PMID- 7223253 TI - [Creatine content in erythrocytes and blood plasma of chickens before and following stimulation of erythropoiesis by anemia]. AB - The red blood cells of chicken have a lower creatine concentration than those of man (1 mg/100 ml vs 5-6 mg/100 ml cells). No creatine phosphate was found in either erythrocytes or reticulocytes. With anemia produced by phenylhydrazine and bleeding a young cell population appeared with a higher creatine concentration. PMID- 7223254 TI - [Behavior of creatine in red blood cells and blood plasma of adult rats following exposure to hypoxia]. AB - Adults rats exposed to hypoxia showed a definite increase of creatine concentration in red cells and plasma. The rise in cell creatine 37 h after the beginning of hypoxia had disappeared 2 days after the end of hypoxia. It is explained by the expulsion of preformed reticulocytes from the bone marrow. The increase of plasma creatine is supposed to be due to hypoxic damage to the muscles, which release creatine into the blood stream. PMID- 7223255 TI - [Disturbed cellular energy metabolism in burns. Studies of rat liver]. AB - Early and adequate shock treatment combined with improved systemic and local therapy practically eliminated primary death of patients with severe burns. In contrast the late mortality, i.e. the fatal outcome during the "burn disease" has not been significantly improved during the last decade. A burn toxin has been discussed as reason of this burn disease. Such a toxic factor has been isolated from burnt mouse and human skin and from the serum of burnt patients as well. Electron microscopic studies in rats revealed similar and comparable mitochondrial alterations of hepatocytes after either a sublethal controlled burn injury or an i.p. application of an equivalent dose of this cutaneous burn toxin. These alterations were dose-dependent. Studies of the liver metabolism of these rats (i.e. gluconeogenesis, urea synthesis and energy metabolism) suggested an inhibited oxidative phosphorylation. Incubation of enzymatically isolated hepatocytes with toxin demonstrated a direct cytotoxic effect of the burn toxin by scanning electron microscopy. Glycogen synthesis and urea synthesis were significantly reduced, hormonal sensibility was partially abolished. These results suggest a disturbance of the cellular energy metabolism via a cell membrane damage. This could be the reason of the decreased host defence of burned patients which causes the fatal outcome in severe burns. Therefore, elimination of burn toxin should be an important point in burn treatment. PMID- 7223256 TI - [Triglyceride secretion of the rat liver under various conditions of fool-induced obesity]. AB - The secretion rates of triglycerides from liver into plasma of obese animals and controls, as well as in obese animals 4 weeks from feeding a fat-deprived diet were determined. In the dynamic phase of obesity (9-week-old animals receiving fat-rich food for 4 weeks) an increase in secretion rate over the control was determined, which persisted to the same extent after having fed a fat-deprived diet for 4 weeks. In the static phase of obesity (24-week-old animals given a fat rich diet for 9 weeks) the control animals showed the same secretion rate as the control animals in the dynamic phase. In contrast to the dynamic phase, obese animals revealed no changes of the secretion rate also in these animals. Since the present knowledge about the regulation of triglyceride release from the liver into the plasma via the VLDL is scarce, various food-, hormone-, and enzyme effects have been discussed in more detail, and the changes observed were correlated, on the basis of own experiments, in particular with hyperinsulinemia present in the obese animals and with the increased supply of free fatty acids to the liver in the dynamic phase of obesity. The changes in secretion rate following the shift to fat-deprived food cannot at present be satisfactorily explained. PMID- 7223257 TI - [Effect of social isolation on the transmitter sensitivity of striatal and hippocampal neurons of the rat]. AB - Rats kept in isolation for 3 months from the 4th week onward show increased sensitivity of striatal neurons for dopamine and acetylcholine, as well as of the hippocampal neurons for noradrenalin administered microiontophoretically, in comparison to animals maintained collectively. The results are discussed as reflecting a supersensitivity of central dopaminergic and noradrenergic receptors caused by the social isolation. PMID- 7223258 TI - Breakdown of ribosomal RNA in rabbit reticulocytes. AB - To study the breakdown of the RNA of ribosomes, reticulocytes from anemic rabbits were incubated in a synthetic culture medium for several hours. Ribosomal RNA was isolated from ribosomal subunits by phenol/chloroform extraction and analyzed on nondenaturing and denaturing sucrose gradients. For comparison RNA from erythroid bone marrow cells and non-incubated reticulocytes were used. The sedimentation analysis of the 28 S rRNA suggests that the breakdown during maturation of reticulocytes involves the occurrence of characteristic intermediate products, sedimenting with coefficients of about 21 S and 18 S. In contract to the breakdown of 28 S rRNA there were no apparent distinct cleavage products of 18 S RNA. The results suggest a preferential cleavage of the 28 S rRNA at specific sites, possibly owing to a particular exposure of the RNA. The breakdown of 18 S rRNA seems to occur in a random manner. PMID- 7223259 TI - Identification of a new glutathione S-transferase in human liver. PMID- 7223263 TI - [Traumatic stenosis of the small intestine (author's transl)]. AB - A case of fibrotic stenosis of the small intestine which occurred 10 days after blunt abdominal trauma in a child is reported. This was successfully treated with a segmental small bowel resection. A careful inquiry as to a previous blunt abdominal trauma has to be made in any case, especially in children, in which a fibrotic stenosis of the small intestine is discovered. PMID- 7223261 TI - [Surgical treatment of abdominal aortic occlusion (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-seven cases treated for atherosclerotic occlusion of the abdominal aorta are reported. The classical trans-abdominal approach used in all our cases is compared with alternative approaches. The reasons for this preference are discussed. PMID- 7223260 TI - Carotid endarterectomy for cerebrovascular insufficiency. Long term follow-up of 141 patients followed up to sixteen years. AB - Between 1962 and 1978 one hundred and fifty-nine endarterectomies were performed on 141 patients. The operation was done under general anesthesia with the use of a shunt and hypertension as cerebral protection. The arteriotomy was closed using a dacron patch. The postoperative evolution of every neurological symptom was analysed after a follow-up of up to sixteen years. The patients were divided in three groups following their neurological and anatomical situation. On 43 totally asymptomatic patients (group I), there was one perioperative death, 41 remained totally asymptomatic and one developed a transient ischemic attack on the non operative side. On 25 patients (group II) operated after symptomatic contralateral total occlusion, fifteen became asymptomatic, six improved seriously, one remained unchanged, and one suffered from a stroke with complete recuperation. Two perioperative deaths were encountered in this group. On the 73 patients from group III, there were three perioperative deaths. Fifty-two patients became totally asymptomatic, nine patients had a serious amelioration of their residu. Three remained unchanged. Five patients suffered from a long term deterioration of their neurological condition and one patient developed an anastomotic aneurysm. PMID- 7223262 TI - [Cefamandole as prophylactic A.B. in abdominal surgery. Comparative study of cefamandole versus clindamycin/tobramycin (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective, randomized and controlled study of prophylactic A.B. was made in 100 patients prior to abdominal surgery. Fifty patients received 3 x 2 g of cefamandole I.V. within 24 hrs, the first dose being given at the time of anesthetic induction. Postoperative infections occurred in 2% of this group. Fifty patients received the association Clindamycin-Tobramycin (clindamycin 600 mg - tobramycin 80 mg/8 hrs) for 24 hrs, the first dose also at the induction of anesthesia. The complication rate in this group was 18%. The difference between those 2 groups is statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Cefamandole used as a prophylactic antibiotic in abdominal surgery reduces the incidence of postoperative wound infections when compared to the association clindamycin tobramycin. PMID- 7223264 TI - Pathophysiology of congenital anomalies in thoracic outlet syndrome. AB - Careful anatomic studies during 1,120 operations for thoracic outlet syndrome indicate that most TOS patients have anomalous fibromuscular bands near the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels that predispose them to neurovascular symptoms in the shoulder and upper extremity. Nine different types of these "soft tissue" anomalies not visible on roentgenograms have been identified during these operations. The anomalies often are multiple, and may or may not be associated with bone abnormalities as well. These anomalies are clearly associated with the symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome, particularly the neurologic type, as they apparently irritate or compress the brachial plexus. Thus, it finally becomes clear why the majority of symptoms of TOS are neurologic in nature, rather than vascular, and why the positional pulse tests and arteriograms, strongly advocated in the past for this diagnosis, have proved generally unreliable. Furthermore, the anomalous bands explain why the electromyogram and nerve conduction tests are of little benefit in establishing the accurate diagnosis of TOS. They even indicate the most reliable clinical tests to establish the diagnosis, and dictate the most appropriate surgical procedures required to offer permanent relief. If patients with shoulder, arm and hand symptoms are carefully evaluated with appropriate tests, and then highly selected for surgical treatment after conservative measures fail, gratifying relief may still be obtained in over 90% of patients with severe thoracic outlet syndrome, providing the diagnosis is correct, and the proper operation is performed with great care. PMID- 7223265 TI - Recurrent thoracic outlet syndrome after first rib resection. AB - After initial relief of severe thoracic outlet syndrome by transaxillary resection of the first rib, a few patients may gradually develop recurrent neurologic symptoms in the neck, shoulder, arm and hand caused by postoperative scar tissue entrapment of segments of the brachial plexus. Once they begin, these symptoms may relentlessly progress to the extent they become unresponsive to all forms of conservative management. Two distinct patterns of recurrent TOS, which may occur separately or simultaneously, have been identified. Clinical measures that have proved effective in establishing the diagnosis of these types, the surgical techniques developed to offer relief, and measures to help prevent recurrence are discussed in this paper. A series of 76 patients who underwent operation for disabling recurrent TOS is presented. The principals of the etiology, diagnosis and surgical treatment described have offered significant, if not total, relief of the severe symptoms. The operations which have proved to be the most effective, however, are high-risk, technically demanding procedures which should be performed only by surgeons with wide experience in the anatomy and surgery of the thoracic outlet region. Although these techniques may offer patients significant relief, prevention of the recurrent thoracic outlet syndrome is still the best cure. PMID- 7223267 TI - [Echoencephalography in traumatology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223266 TI - [Biomechanical aspects of femoropatellar arthrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223268 TI - [Changes of the immunoglobulin spectrum of children after splenectomy on account of injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223269 TI - [Differential diagnosis of pain in the insertion of the elbow (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223270 TI - [Basic characteristics of a group of patients with chronic osteomyelitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223272 TI - [On the diagnosis of bone tumours. III. High-molecular and low-molecular serum constituents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223271 TI - [Critical evaluation of systematic therapeutic rehabilitation of haemophiliacs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223273 TI - [Tumours of the extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223274 TI - [Surgical correction of the scoliotic curvature in our material (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223276 TI - [Axial computer tomography in orthopaedics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223275 TI - [The painful hip endoprosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223278 TI - [Diagnosis of ruptures of ligaments in the knee joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223277 TI - [New aspects of the diagnosis and therapy of injuries of the fibrous apparatus of the knee joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223279 TI - [Achillodynia, morphological changes after Kenalog administration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223281 TI - [Functional results of total endoprostheses of the hip joint on account of coxarthrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223280 TI - [Rare type of epiphyseolysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223283 TI - Effects of dehydration on plasma water and extracellular fluid volumes in the rat. AB - Dehydration was induced in rats by depositing 3 ml of hyperosmolar glucose (1670 mOsm/kg) in a closed small bowel loop. The plasma water and extracellular fluid volumes of the whole animal and selected tissues were subsequently studied with 125I human serum albumin and 51Cr EDTA. The fluid accumulation in the bowel was equivalent to 122% of the plasma water volume. The plasma water volume of the whole animal was significantly reduced by 31%, while the extracellular fluid volume reduction by 8% was not statistically significant. The regional extracellular fluid volumes decreased in the lung (9%), the liver (34%), the gastric antrum (15%) and the omental fat (24%). The results show regional differences in tissue response to dehydration. PMID- 7223282 TI - Gastro-intestinal, intraportal and intravenous infusion of crystalline amino acids in dogs. Effects on plasma concentrations. PMID- 7223284 TI - Effect of defibrinogenation on wound strength and collagen formation. A study in the rabbit. AB - Wound healing was studied in Arvin-defibrinogenated rabbits by determinations of skin wound strength and by analysis of collagen content in sponge induced granulation tissue. Strength development was found to be delayed in skin wounds as was the accumulation of collagen in granulation tissue. These results indicate that the initial fibrin formation in a wound is of significance for repair. PMID- 7223286 TI - Effect of peritonitis on oxygen consumption by various tissues and peritoneal fluid cells. AB - Oxygen consumption by various tissues and peritoneal fluid cells was investigated in silica-induced adhesion disease and fecal peritonitis in rats. Intraperitoneally injected colloidal silica produced chemical peritonitis with a typical acute inflammatory reaction of peritoneal fluid cells showing marked phagocytosis by macrophages. The quantity of cells in the peritoneal fluid as indicated by the content of DNA achieved its maximum within 2-4 days. At the peritoneal surface, abundant proliferative reaction occurred already 2-3 days after silica injection, followed later by aggregation of collagen fibres and finally by peritoneal hyalinization. Oxygen utilization by various tissues--such as liver, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, lung, spleen and intestine--increased by 20-80% above normal during the first 2 days after silica injection and returned to the original level within the following 5 days. In comparison, fecal peritonitis resulting in death of the animals within 12-36 hours caused a transient fall in tissue oxygen consumption at 12 hours. In the peritoneal fluid of rats injected with silica, oxygen utilization per DNA decreased by more than 50% from the original level during the first 24 hours and remained approximately 20% below normal thereafter. It is concluded that at the early phase of silica induced peritonitis, oxygen consumption increases both locally in the abdomen and in distant tissues. PMID- 7223287 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of palpable abdominal masses. AB - Fifty patients presenting an abdominal mass was investigated with ultrasonography as the first examination. In 5 patients no mass was found by ultrasonography and repalpation revealed no abnormal findings. Of the 45 patients with a mass, ultrasound verified the mass in 43 patients (96%) and a correct origin of the mass was found in 41 patients (91%). The exact nature of the lesion was diagnosed in 32 patients (71%). In 2 patients ultrasonography was falsely negative PMID- 7223285 TI - Collagen metabolism in syngeneic aortal vein grafts in the rat. AB - The sequential changes in hydroxyproline concentration and in vivo 3H-proline incorporation in arterialized grafts of the supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava have been studied. These grafts were transplanted from one rat to the abdominal aorta of another rat of the same inbred strain, i.e., syngeneic grafts. The hydroxyproline (collagen) concentration decreased to half of its pregraft value one week after the transplantation and thereafter increased again, reaching its peak value 4 weeks after transplantation. The pregraft level of collagen concentration was not reached within the observation period of 12 weeks., The incorporation of 3H-proline increased and reached its peak value one week after transplantation. The values then levelled off and one month after the transplantation were slightly elevated. These results indicate that the reduction of collagen concentration after grafting was due to an increased breakdown, which was compensated by increased collagen synthesis. This probably signifies that the collagen in the vein wall is remodelled as a response to the altered hemodynamic milieu following its insertion to the arterial circulation. The collagen concentration did not reach pregraft level. This is most likely due to a relative increase of ground substance, smooth muscle cells and elastin in the vein wall. PMID- 7223288 TI - The use of oncofetal antigen FSA in discrimination between benign and malignant gastric ulceration. AB - Discrimination between histologically confirmed benign and malignant gastric ulcerations was studied, using an oncofetal antigen (FSA) as the parameter of malignant transformation. In chronic gastric ulcer FSA could be found in 54.2% as compared with 20.0% in duodenal ulcer patients. 91.1% of gastric cancers were FSA positive. A current epidemiological study on a non-selected population gives 8.8% FSA secretors. The study supports the earlier conception that chronic gastric ulcer must be considered a precursor of cancer, and indicates the need, especially in cases showing FSA secretion, for active surgical therapy or a long term follow-up with endoscopic biopsies. PMID- 7223289 TI - Intestinal intussusception valve for prevention of duodenogastric reflux after partial gastrectomy. An experimental study in dogs. AB - For prevention of duodenogastric reflux after partial gastric resection three types of intussusception valves were developed and tested in an experimental study in dogs. The three experimental groups were compared with regard to duodenogastric reflux and body weight with a control group of dogs subjected to partial gastric resection (BI-dogs). Reflux was determined by use of an isotope method whereby the reflux was graded according to radioactivity measured in gastric samples. A gastroduodenal valve constructed in five dogs failed, probably because of its inability to withstand the high pressure during the duodenal cap systole. Interposition of an isoperistaltic jejunal segment provided with an intussusception valve between the gastric remnant and the duodenum was successful in preventing reflux. Reflux was demonstrated in ten out of 13 dogs with conventional gastroduodenostomy whereas no reflux was found in the dogs with competent intestinal intussusception valves. The satisfactory postoperative weight recovery indicated that the procedure had no harmful effects on gastrointestinal propulsion and absorption. PMID- 7223291 TI - Fiberendoscopic intramural lesion of the oesophagus. AB - Iatrogenous oesophageal lesions are rare complications since the introduction of fiber instruments. A recent case is presented of an intramural lesion of the oesophagus in a 33-year-old woman subjected to fiberendoscopy. Etiology, diagnostic and therapeutic measures are discussed. When oesophageal disease is suspected and instruments with side optic are to be used it is advisable to check the oesophagus with a forward viewing fiberscope or contrast X-ray first. Even when a slight resistance is noticed on insertion of the instrument, a perforation must be suspected and the patient subjected to diagnostic and therapeutic measures without delay. PMID- 7223290 TI - Early complications after surgical treatment for Crohn's disease with particular reference to factors affecting their development. AB - Early postoperative mortality and morbidity and factors that might be of importance in this respect were studied in a series of consecutive patients resected for classical Crohn's disease (IPI) or mainly colonic disease (CPC). The operative mortality was comparatively low after surgery for both primary and recurrent disease (1.5 and 2.0% respectively). The complication rate was marked, particularly so after primary surgery for colonic disease. Weight loss, abnormally low serum albumin or TIBC referred to as nutritional markers, appeared to have no predictive value in determining patients at risk for postoperative complications. Steroid treatment prior to operation was not associated with increased postoperative complication rate. The important factor influencing postoperative complication rate was the occurrence of preoperative septic complications and surgery performed for urgency was associated with an increased complication rate only when associated with pre-existing septic complications. The observations would appear to speak in favour of surgery at an earlier stage in patients with Crohn's disease who do not respond to medical treatment. PMID- 7223292 TI - Amino acid concentration in plasma after gastro-intestinal, intraportal and intravenous administration of glutamic acid. AB - Three groups of dogs with two dogs in each group were given a solution of glutamic acid by three different routes: gastrointestinally, intraportally and intravenously. Free plasma amino acid concentrations were determined in arterial blood and peripheral, portal and hepatic venous blood. Blood sampling was performed before, during and after the two-hour infusion period. Most amino acids did not change in plasma concentration during the experiment. Glutamic acid increased to very high concentration levels during parenteral infusion but also during gastro-intestinal ingestion in spite of the known metabolism of that amino acid in the intestinal mucosa. Alanine, which is known to originate in the mucosa from transaminated glutamic acid, increased more in portal venous blood in the gastro-intestinal group than in the other two groups. Plasma alanine levels were higher in peripheral venous blood than in any other blood vessel, when the glutamic acid infusion was administered parenterally, indicating a peripheral alanine production rather than an intestinal release. Glutamine decreased slightly during the infusions by all three routes and showed a tendency to increase after ending the infusions. There was also a tendency towards an increase in the branched chain amino acids throughout the experimental period in all three groups. PMID- 7223293 TI - The effect of local methylprednisolone on granulation tissue formation. 1. Effect on the various granulation tissue components. AB - The effect of locally administered depot preparation of methylprednisolone on granulation tissue formation in the rat was studied. Various connective tissue components were analysed at different times in implanted viscose cellulose sponges. When the corticosteroid was administered at the time of operation, both the accumulation of collagen and development of vascularity was retarded. Methylprednisolone did not affect the number of white cells infiltrating the sponge nor the sponge content of DNA. This mode of drug administration was shown to have mostly local effects. PMID- 7223294 TI - Effect of defibrinogenation on collagen synthesis in granulation tissue. A study in the rabbit. AB - Collagen synthesis was studied in sponge-induced early granulation tissue from rabbits defibrinogenated by Arvin. Tissue slices were incubated in vitro with 14C proline. The formation of 14C-hydroxyproline and the incorporation of 14C-proline into proteins was determined. The incorporation of proline into collagen and proteins was equally reduced after defibrinogenation. A possible explanation for this is a reduced number of active fibroblasts in granulation tissue formed during defibrinogenation. PMID- 7223295 TI - Aorto-iliac disease in premenopausal women. AB - Fifteen premenopausal women had by-pass reconstruction performed for aorto-iliac disease. A high prevalence of smoking, oral contraception and hyperlipemia was found. The outcome of reconstructive surgery was initially excellent. Serious complications and progress of the arteriosclerosis, however, made the late results more doubtful. PMID- 7223297 TI - Complications after therapeutic splenectomy for hematologic disease in adults. AB - 221 patients were treated by splenectomy for various hematologic disorders, including immunologic thrombocytopenia (80 cases), hereditary spherocytosis (15 cases), immune hemolytic anemia (25 cases), chronic lymphatic leukemia (27 cases), lymphosarcoma (27 cases), myelofibrosis (11 cases) and pancytopenia/aplastic anemia (14 cases). There were 8 postoperative deaths (3.6%), and 49 patients (22%) had postoperative complications, mainly infections and bleeding. Complications were more frequent in cases of massive splenomegaly (greater than or equal to 1 000 g) (65 cases), severe thrombocytopenia (less than 20 X 10(6)/1) (51 cases), and leukemia. Late postsplenectomy fulminant infection was seen in 8 patients (3.6%) for a mean follow up of 5.3 years. We conclude that splenectomy is sufficiently well tolerated even by severely ill patients to make it applicable as a therapeutic modality in the various hematologic disorders presently studied. PMID- 7223298 TI - Gastric acid secretion (GAS) and hiatal hernia. I. Relationship between GAS and oesophageal reflux complications. AB - The relationship between GAS and oesophageal reflux complications in patients with hiatal hernia and incompetent antireflux mechanism is a matter of controversy. In a study of 70 patients operated upon for hiatal hernia, BAO and PAO after betazole stimulation were studied preoperatively in relation to oesophageal reflux complications, age and oesophageal motility. No correlation was found between BAO and oesophageal reflux complications. There was no association between PAO and such complications in patients with oesophageal hypomotility whereas PAO was clearly correlated to these complications in patients with normal oesophageal motility. Oesophageal reflux complications were closely correlated to oesophageal hypomotility and age. PMID- 7223299 TI - Gastric acid secretion (GAS) and hiatal hernia. II. Relationship between GAS and clinical results after hernia repair. AB - The indications for surgical procedures reducing gastric acid secretion in patients with hiatal hernia and symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux remain unclear. In a study of the postoperative results in 40 patients operated upon with modified Husfeldt hernia repair only, the results were assessed in relation to BAO and PAO. No correlation was found between the clinical results and BAO or PAO in patients in whom the reflux was successfully corrected by the procedure. It is concluded that gastric acid-reducing procedures are not indicated in patients in whom correction of reflux is anticipated. PMID- 7223296 TI - Post-splenectomy septicemia in Hodgkin's disease and other disorders. AB - The frequencies of splenectomy and post-splenectomy septicemia over a 10-year period in the Stockholm area were studied. The main observation was a significantly increased risk of pneumococcal septicemia in splenectomized patients, in particular HD patients. At the two clinics for infectious diseases in Stockholm, 1310 septicemia patients were treated, and among these, 14 splenectomized patients. In the total material, pneumococci were the causative agent in 4.7% but splenectomized patients had pneumococcal septicemia in 71% (10/14). In the 12 surgical clinics of Stockholm, 1148 splenectomies had been performed during the period, among these, 76 in HD patients. Pneumococcal septicemia occurred in 5 splenectomized HD patients. PMID- 7223300 TI - Gastric and intestinal mucosal morphology before and after interposition of a reflux-preventing valve between the gastric remnant and the duodenum. An experimental study in dogs. AB - A gastric mucosal reaction characterized by inflammatory cells and oedema in the lamina propria and proliferation of surface epithelium was found in 5 out of 12 dogs subjected to partial gastrectomy and examined 1-6 months after the operation. A normal gastric mucosa was found in 14 dogs 1-12 months after interposition of a reflux-preventing valve between the gastric remnant and the duodenum. In 4 dogs with histologically verified gastritis after partial gastrectomy, transposition of a jejunal segment provided with an intussusception valve resulted in normalization of the gastric mucosal morphology. PMID- 7223301 TI - Secretion of gastric acid and serum gastrin following antral exclusion in man. AB - Serum gastrins and secretion of gastric acid were determined in one patient with recurrent ulcer following a Billroth II gastrectomy with incomplete excision of gastric antrum. Antral exclusion resulted in a modest rise in serum gastrin from 86 pg/ml to 141 pg/ml. This rise in gastrin seemed responsible for an augmented Basal production of acid and the ulcer diathesis as excision of the antral remnant 18 months later resulted in normogastrinaemia, normal gastric acid secretion and disappearance of the ulcer diathesis. PMID- 7223302 TI - Is albumin therapy worthwhile in surgery for colorectal cancer? AB - Patients with colorectal cancer undergoing elective surgery with resection of the tumour and primary anastomosis were randomly allocated into two groups. 29 patients received a total of 60-75 g of albumin postoperatively, 30 patients received no albumin and served as controls. The two groups were comparable with respect to age and sex of the patients and stage of growth of the tumour. The patients who received albumin had a significantly lower preoperative serum albumin concentration. On day 4 after the operation the serum albumin concentrations of the control patients and the patients who received albumin were 20% and 5% lower, respectively, than the preoperative value. Eight patients of the albumin group and 5 of the control group developed postoperative complications. There was no significant difference in the postoperative clinical course between the two groups. Preoperative serum albumin levels did not differ between patients who developed postoperative complications and those who had an uneventful postoperative course whether or not they received albumin postoperatively. The present study does not confirm earlier results indicating that serum albumin alone is of prognostic value for the postoperative course following colorectal surgery. Furthermore, the postoperative course is not improved by addition of albumin postoperatively and hence albumin should be given in this situation only when its specific oncotic effect is required. PMID- 7223303 TI - Prognosis of intensive care patients: correlation of diagnoses and complications to patient outcome. PMID- 7223304 TI - [Cardiotyreosis]. PMID- 7223306 TI - Pseudocoarctation of the aortic arch. PMID- 7223305 TI - [In vitro study of the antimicrobial activity of various antibiotics, singly or in combination, on the multi-microbial flora isolated from abdominal pus]. PMID- 7223309 TI - Diabetic truncal mononeuropathy: electromyographic evaluation. AB - Fifteen diabetic subjects wih thoracic radiculopathy were studied wih paraspinal electromyography. The majority were elderly, mature onset diabetics presenting with unilateral hyperesthesia in a thoracic radicular pattern. None was under adequate control at onset, but control did not seem to alter the symptoms. Electromyography demonstrated localized paraspinal positive waves at the appropriate clinical level. Although not all subjects presented wih peripheral neuropathy, the majority showed electromyographic alteration. This should be an important adjunct in evaluation of diabetic patients with truncal mononeuropathy. PMID- 7223307 TI - Hepatitis B virus in diabetic patients. AB - The presence of HBV markers was determined in 149 serum samples obtained from diabetic patients and was compared with a normal population. Diabetics have the same incidence of HBsAg but significantly higher anti-HBc antibodies. These differences were seen in the group of diabetics on oral hypoglycemic therapy. These results cannot yet be explained. PMID- 7223308 TI - Sorbitol in the accessory glands of the diabetic male rat. AB - Diabetes was induced in rats by i.v. injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight). Diabetes was accompanied by infertility and atrophy of the male accessory glands. Blood glucose rose above 500 mg% (post-prandial) and blood testosterone decreased to 14% of the level found in normoglycemic rats. Diabetes was followed by increased levels of sorbitol in the male accessory glands, prostate, seminal vesicle and coagulating gland, and in the eyes and sciatic nerves. Insulin treatment of the diabetic rats prevented sorbitol accumulation in the above tissues. AY-22, 284, and inhibitor of aldose reductase given in the food (1 g/kg body weight/day) for 3 weeks, did not prevent sorbitol accumulation in the organs mentioned. The changes in sorbitol metabolism in the diabetic rat and their possible involvement in male fertility are discussed. PMID- 7223310 TI - Catatonia with high CSF lactate in a case of diabetes with associated conditions. AB - A case of reversible catatonia in a well controlled insulin-dependent diabetic is described. The course of catatonia was characterized by very high CSF lactate values (serial semiautomatic determinations) during more than one month, beyond the clinical recovery. The CSF lactate elevations seem to reflect cerebral hypoxia. The uncommon coincidence of diabetes with cerebral atrophy, mental weakness, and perceptive deafness migh suggest the classification of this case of diabetes in the group 'associated with certain conditions and syndromes'. PMID- 7223311 TI - Serum levels of testosterone, cortisol, prolactin and bioactive luteinizing hormone in adult male rhesus monkeys following cage-restraint or anaesthetizing with ketamine hydrochloride. AB - The present studies were carried out to characterize and compare the acute effects of cage-restraint or administration of a mild anaesthetic on serum levels of testosterone (T) cortisol (C), prolactin (Prl) and bioactive luteinizing hormone (LH) in adult male rhesus monkeys. Serum T levels declined progressively while C levels increased in the 3 sequential blood samples obtained at 20 min intervals from restrained monkeys. Prl and LH levels in the serum remained unaltered. Following single or multiple injections of ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg) serum T levels did not decline progressively as seen in the blood samples obtained from the cage-restrained, conscious monkeys. Serum C and Prl levels showed a progressive rise following anaesthetization. LH levels were not affected by the anaesthetic. The findings reported here are of pertinent relevance to the evaluation of acute effects of any experimental procedure aimed at altering circulating levels of the hormones studied. PMID- 7223312 TI - A model for studies on the response of the ventral prostate to oestrogens. PMID- 7223313 TI - Effects of water deprivation on immunoreactive angiotensin II levels in plasma, cerebroventricular perfusate and hypothalamus of the rat. AB - To examine whether endogenous angiotensin--which has been suggested to produce increased vasopressin (ADH) release and water intake under dehydration, by stimulating the central nervous system--is derived from the brain or from the circulating blood or from both, the effects of water deprivation for 46 h on immunoreactive angiotensin II (AII) concentrations of plasma, cerebroventricular perfusate and the hypothalamus were studied in conscious and urethane anaesthetized rats. Immunoreactive AII in plasma and the hypothalamus was extracted with acetone and petroleum ether preceding the determination by radioimmunoassay. The water deprivation significantly increased plasma immunoreactive AII concentration (P less than 0.002) together with plasma osmolality and sodium concentration, and reduced the potassium concentration. However, neither the immunoreactive AII concentration of the ventricular perfusate nor that of the hypothalamus was affected. Both the perfusate and the hypothalamus were very poor in immunoreactive AII (less than 35.0 pg/ml and less than 46.7 pg/g wet tissue, respectively). These results may suggest that increased ADH release and water intake under dehydration are brought about by the angiotensin formed in the circulating blood rather than in the brain. PMID- 7223315 TI - DDAVP treatment of diabetes insipidus during pregnancy and the post-partum period. AB - A 23 year old woman with diabetes insipidus who had previously been treated with pitressin, pituitary snuff and chlorpropamide, was treated with DDAVP during pregnancy. DDAVP concentrations immunoassayed as vasopressin were determined in maternal serum and breast milk. Oxytocin antibodies were also determined in maternal serum. PMID- 7223314 TI - Iliac crest bone mass and remodelling in acromegaly. AB - Iliac crest bone biopsies from 18 patients with active acromegaly, of whom 11 had received tetracycline double-labelling, were evaluated by quantitative histomorphometry and compared with age- and sex-matched normal controls. A significant increase (P less than 0.01) was found in both cortical (175%) and trabecular (130%) bone mass. In trabecular bone, resorption surfaces and active (tetracycline-labelled) and total formation surfaces were increased (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively) causing an enhanced bone turn-over at tissue level (P less than 0.01). The increased trabecular bone mass indicates a positive net balance per remodelling cycle and, therefore, larger than normal bone remodelling units, which in part may explain the increased bone turn-over at tissue level. The activity of the osteoblasts active in mineralization (the appositional rate) was increased (P less than 0.01) and positively related to the fasting serum growth hormone levels (Rs = 0.69, P less than 0.05). The average activity of active and inactive osteoblasts (bone formation rate at basic metabolic unit (BMU) level) was insignificantly increased. The proportion of active (tetracycline labelled) to nonactive formation surfaces was normal. The bone changes were unrelated to serum levels and urinary excretions of calcium and phosphorus or to renal excretion of total and non-dialyzable hydroxyproline or cAMP. PMID- 7223316 TI - Increased thyrotrophin and prolactin secretion induced by domperidone in hypothyroid subjects. AB - The thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin (Prl) releasing effects of domperidone, a recently developed antidopaminergic drug which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, were investigated in 8 women affected by primary hypothyroidism, and were compared to those elicited by another antidopaminergic drug, sulpiride. Domperidone (4 mg iv) induced a clear-cut and sustained rise in both plasma TSH and Prl, with peak levels occurring 15 and 30 min post-injection, respectively. The increments in plasma Prl after domperidone were significantly higher than those in plasma TSH. The TSH and Prl responses induced by domperidone were almost superimposable to those provoked in the same subjects by sulpiride (100 mg im). In view of the inability of domperidone to penetrate into the central nervous system (CNS), these findings imply a 'peripheral' site(s) of action (i.e. anterior pituitary and/or median eminence) for the effect of antidopaminergic drugs on TSH secretion, and, re-iterate the notion that the same 'peripheral' sites are involved in the Prl-releasing effect of these compounds. PMID- 7223317 TI - The synthesis and release of TSH in the thyroidectomized rat: c) the effect of T3 on hypothyroidism of varying duration. AB - The effect of thyroid hormones on TSH synthesis and release from the anterior pituitary of the rat, at the various stages of hypothyroidism was studied by injecting L-Triiodothyronine (T3) iv (1.5 microgram/100 g b.w.) to rats 5 days and 3 months post thyroidectomy (Tx-5d and Tx-3m rats). The changes in plasma and pituitary TSH levels, as well as in the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of the TSH were followed for 3 days after the T3 injection. From these data TSH synthesis and release rates were determined. TSH release was inhibited in both experimental groups between 3 and 24 h after the injection. TSH synthesis was suppressed in the Tx-5d group to 35% of the initial value. However in the Tx-3m group it was stimulated to approximately 270%, 24 h after the T3. The data suggest that thyroid hormones may affect the synthesis of TSH in two opposite pathways, the first through the stimulation of protein synthesis and the second, inhibitory, as part of the feedback mechanism. Under short-term hypothyroidism, when protein synthesis is not yet diminished, the administration of thyroid hormones results in the inhibition of both TSH synthesis and release through the feedback regulation. In prolonged hypothyroidism, however, when protein synthesis is depressed, the effect of thyroid hormones on the stimulation of TSH synthesis predominates. PMID- 7223318 TI - Thyroid hormone-catecholamine interrelationships during exposure to cold. AB - Basal plasma levels for adrenalin (A), noradrenalin (NA), L-triiodothyronine (T3), and L-thyroxine (T4) were determined in rats with a chronically inserted catheter. The experiments described in this report were started 3 days after the surgical procedure when T3 and T4 levels had returned to normal. Basal levels for the catecholamines were reached already 4 h after the operation. The T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 3, 7, and 14 days in rats kept at 4 degrees C and the same holds for the iodide in the 24-h urine after 7 and 14 days at 4 degrees C. The venous NA plasma concentration was increased 6- to 12-fold during the same period of exposure to cold, whereas the A concentration remained at the basal level. During infusion of NA at 23 degrees C the T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 7 days compared to pair-fed controls, and the same holds for the iodide excretion in the 24-h urine. This paper presents further evidence for a role of the sympathetic nervous system on T4 metabolism in rats at resting conditions. PMID- 7223320 TI - Epididymolysis in andrological surgery. PMID- 7223319 TI - Lesions in human spermatozoa after preservation in liquid nitrogen. PMID- 7223321 TI - [Transhepatic biliary drainage as a method in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive jaundice]. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was performed on eleven jaundiced patients, who had obstruction of the bile duct, in order to determine the exact site and nature of the obstruction and to alleviate the jaundice. In the present series, six patients were treated with external biliary drainage. Four of them received this treatment prior to radical surgery. In the remaining two cases the external drainage was a palliative procedure. In five patients, the drainage catheter was internalized through the obstructed bile duct (internal biliary drainage). One of these patients was subsequently treated with radical surgery. In two cases, the internal biliary drainage was palliative. In the two remaining cases, intraluminal selective irradiation was introduced via Iridium 192 flexible wires. Severe hemobilia occurred in one patient, who was successfully treated by lithotomy and "T" tube drainage. We conclude that the simplicity and low cost of these drainage procedures recommend them as extremely useful for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive jaundiced patients. PMID- 7223324 TI - [The lower esophageal sphincter, an unfamiliar site]. PMID- 7223322 TI - [Primary hydatic cyst of the tail of the pancreas. Segmental portal hypertension]. AB - An uncommon purulent primitive hydatic cyst of the pancreatic tail with segmental portal hypertension and gastric varix is reported. Recognition of gastric varix on angiography and immunological diagnosis of hydatidosis clarified the ethiology of hematemesis. Surgical resection of the spleen and pancreas tail cured the patient's recurrent hemorrhages. PMID- 7223323 TI - [Gastric leiomyoblastoma]. AB - Three cases of gastric leiomyoblastomas are presented (according to Stout's denomination) or epithelioid leiomyomas (according to Appelman). The subject is actualized and the low malignant potential of these tumors is pointed out. Leiomyoblastomas have to be classified among the leiomyomas (absolutely benign) and the leiomyosarcomas (malign). The lack of reliable criteria to determine the future of the patient is established, being the evolutive control the only way to make that clear. The mitotic counts--more than 5 for each 50 high-power dry objective field--is the most important isolated criterion to predict the probable malignancy of the lesion. PMID- 7223325 TI - [Metabolism of adenosine triphosphate in human erythrocytes; the shape change of human erythrocytes and adenosine triphosphate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223327 TI - [Studies on the blood picture of harvest mice (Micromys minutus japonicus) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223330 TI - Functional analysis of marrow hemopoietic stroma by subcutaneous femur implantation in mice. PMID- 7223328 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of functioning monocytes in childhood acute leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223326 TI - [A case of pure red cell aplasia associated with pregnancy and bone marrow cells responsive to erythropoietin in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223329 TI - [Clinical and coagulation studies in 3 cases of congenital factor X deficiency and review of reported cases in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223331 TI - Rate of drumstick formation and site of attachment in polymorphonuclear neutrophils of Chinese. PMID- 7223332 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of the human bone marrow biopsy specimens from various hematological diseases. PMID- 7223333 TI - Physiological implications of increased oxygen affinity for carriers of hemoglobins Hirose and Hiroshima. PMID- 7223334 TI - A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7223335 TI - Aplastic anemia with hypergammaglobulinemia, systemic plasmacytosis and positive RA test.--histopathological study on an autopsy case. PMID- 7223336 TI - The role of coagulation-fibrinolytic system in diabetic vascular complications. Part 1: Urine factor excretion in diabetics and its role in the intraglomerular coagulation. PMID- 7223337 TI - The role of coagulation-fibrinolytic system in diabetic vascular complications. Part II: Involvement of coagulation-fibrinolytic system in diabetic vascular complications. PMID- 7223338 TI - Cytoplasmic fibrils in plasma cell leukemia. PMID- 7223339 TI - Increased superoxide dismutase activity in the glutathione reductase deficient platelet. PMID- 7223341 TI - [Evaluation of storage-iron distribution in serum and reticuloendothelial system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - Serum ferritin, transferrin and the stainable non-heme iron, were evaluated in 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in various stages and with different medications. We found a correlation between the serum ferritin values and the amount of stainable non-heme iron in the bone marrow, which was independent to the stage of the disease and the medication. The pathogenesis of the anemia in rheumatoid arthritis is discussed, together with the reported results in the literature. PMID- 7223340 TI - [The natural history of dialysis encephalopathy (author's transl)]. AB - 18 data with etiopathogenetic relations to the dialysis encephalopathy, such as plasma aluminum levels, parameters of azotemia and parathyroid function, blood pressure, IQ, and EEG-findings, were compared between 5 patients suffering with encephalopathy and 54 dialysis-patients without neurological symptoms. The investigations, including statistical computations (variance analysis, multiple linear regression, multivariate analysis) elicited the following results: 1. All patients suffering from encephalopathy showed higher plasma aluminum concentrations (505 +/- 58 microgram/L : 228.9 +/- 213 microgram/L, p = greater than 0.01), higher serum calcium levels (2.48 +/- 0.15 mmol/L : 2.35 +/- 0.11 mmol/L, p = less than 0.001), higher rates of osteopathy and abnormal EEG's (5 of 5 : 7 in 41 patients). 2. Age, duration of dialysis treatment, quality of dialysis treatment, blood pressure, did not show any pathogenetic influence. 3. Hyperaluminemia was caused by the oral administration of aluminum hydroxide. After reduction of the daily dose from originally 6.18 +/- 3.24 gm to 1.52 +/- 0.45 gm, the plasma aluminum levels decreased to 54.05 +/- 34.59 microgram/L without any adverse effects on the serum phosphate levels. The results suggest that dialysis-patients need less AI-OH than is usually indicated. 4. Encephalopathy did not occur after normalisation of plasma aluminum levels. 5. With respect to the aluminum toxicity in dialysis-patients, dialysis encephalopathy should not be classified as a complication of multifactorial etiology. Only hyperparathyroidism seems to be an additional risk factor. PMID- 7223342 TI - [Viscosity of synovial fluid and possible artificial lubricants (author's transl)]. AB - The viscosity of "normal" post mortem synovial fluid, and synovial fluid samples of knee joints affected by various joint diseases (inflammatory and non inflammatory) was investigated and compared with flow curves of Hyaluronic acid and Polyacrylamide solutions. The viscoelastic behaviours of synovial fluid seems to be of great importance for the lubrication mechanism of the joints. Differing results of the viscoelastic properties could be determined in different joint diseases. As a result of these changes the lubrication mechanism is impaired and this leads to cartilage wear. Solutions of Polyacrylamide and Hyaluronic acid have been investigated as model-substances, the former showing rheological properties similar to normal synovial fluid. Their application as an artificial lubricant has been investigated. PMID- 7223343 TI - Anesthesia for cystic fibrosis patients. PMID- 7223344 TI - Acute gastric dilatation associated with multiple trauma. PMID- 7223345 TI - Spontaneous uterine rupture: a case study. PMID- 7223346 TI - New responsibilities in academe. PMID- 7223347 TI - The courts look at the exclusive contract for providing anesthesia services. PMID- 7223349 TI - Subliminal suggestion during anesthesia to control postoperative complications. PMID- 7223348 TI - Preoperative evaluation and physical assessment of the patient. PMID- 7223351 TI - Atenolol pretreatment in fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Effect on cardiac arrhythmias, heart rate and arterial blood pressure. AB - Fifty one patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy were premedicated with atropine and anesthetised with thiopental, nitrous oxide and succinylcholine as a muscle relaxant. Twenty-six patients consisted the control group while twenty five were given alcohol orally for three consecutive days before the procedure. The treatment group had no cardiac arrhythmias during bronchoscopy while six of the control subjects developed arrhythmias. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were maintained significantly lower in the treatment group, thus the hypertensive response to tracheal intubation and bronchoscopy was significantly attenuated by atenolol. PMID- 7223350 TI - Intravenous short narcoses in geriatric patients, A comparative study of etomidate with various analgesics. AB - Because of their often complicated pathology, geriatric patients may present special problems to the anesthetist. Whereas the hazards of surgery have been diminished through specific pre- and posttreatment, the so-called short narcosis has failed as yet to fulfill the requirements of maximum safety for the patient. In our study, two potent analgesics, i.e. fentanyl or pentazocine are associated with the narcotic etomidate for short narcosis. The effects either combination has on cardiovascular or respiratory values during unassisted ventilation are studied. Both the fentanyl/etomidate combination and the pentazocine/etomidate combination are characterized by stable cardiovascular conditions. The unfavourable effect on spontaneous respiration is greater after fentanyl as compared with pentazocine. Combined anesthesia of pentazocine and etomidate remains safe an easy to perform when the patient breathes spontaneously. If fentanyl is used, assisted respiration with oxygen is required. PMID- 7223352 TI - Antagonism of 4-aminopyridine to ketamine-diazepam anesthesia in children. PMID- 7223353 TI - Comparative study of the different factors influencing resistance of tubes to gas flow. AB - With the help of a pneumotachograph and a pressure transducer the influences of tube diameter, tube length, tube shape, connectors of different shape and kinking are quantified. The influence of different gases on resistance is calculated. With the help of the shown data one can predict the influence of changes of the different factors. Rules for optimalisation are given and their clinical significance is discussed. Most significant factors are diameter and length of the tube, kinking over 50% and kinematic viscosity and density of the used gas mixture. PMID- 7223354 TI - Must we revise our clinical concepts of tabetic neurosyphilis? AB - To document the changing clinical patterns of today's tabetic neurosyphilis, 14 tabetics who were seen between 1966 and 1976 are reported. Most patients (85 %) were clinically oligosymptomatic, not only because of the small number but also due to the mildness in degree of objective neurological manifestations. Clinicians are alerted to the existence of the oligosymptomatic, variable and deceptive aspects of today's tabetic neurosyphilis. PMID- 7223355 TI - Serum level of phenobarbital or/and diphenylhydantoin in epileptics with some preexisting serum lipid alterations. Correlations with the treatment efficiency in epilepsy. AB - In a group of 38 epileptics, 13.1 % had alterations of serum lipids before administration of antiepileptic therapy. An inverse relation was found between the level of serum lipids and that of drug concentration : on minimal daily doses, phenobarbital attained disproportionally high concentrations in a patient with hypocholesterolemia + hypotriglyceridemia, while on large daily doses phenobarbital and/or diphenylhydantoin attained low concentrations in the patients with hypercholesterolemia alone or accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 7223356 TI - [Muscular hypertrophy in clinical neurology (author's transl)]. AB - The authors begin this general review with the pseudohypertrophies due either to an underlying extramuscular process, or to a focal lesion within the muscle, or else to miscellaneous interstitial infiltrates such as those found in cysticercosis, sarcoidosis, amylosis. True hypertrophy is most often observed in the course of muscular dystrophy. It is an usual finding in myopathies, and the prominent symptom of Thomsen disease ; it is the only symptom of hypertrophia musculorum vera and masseters hypertrophy ; it is associated with a peculiar deficit in the "Hereditary Distal Myopathy with Onset in Infancy"; it is a classical symptom of some endocrine myopathies (hypothyroidism and acromegaly). Paradoxically, true hypertrophy may, though very rarely, be encountered in the course of nervous system diseases, most often of the neuritic type : sciatica, hypertrophic neuritis, progressive spinal muscular atrophy. The mechanism of this very unusual muscular reaction remains unknown. PMID- 7223358 TI - Herpes simplex encephalitis: A serological follow-up study. Synthesis of herpes simplex virus immunoglobulin M, A, and G antibodies and development of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G in the central nervous system. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay method was used for the detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibodies within the central nervous system in 11 patients with acute HSV encephalitis. Serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum specimens were sampled during the observation periods, extending up to 43 months after onset. The clinical diagnosis of HSV encephalitis was confirmed demonstrating virus or virus antigen in the central nervous system in four patients and with significant HSV antibodies in CSF in all the patients. In acute stage CSF HSV antibodies of a significant level were demonstrated in one of four samples taken on days 3--4 after onset, and in samples taken on days 6--8 in five of nine patients. CSF HSV antibodies of a significant and high level were detected in all samples taken from day 10 after onset. Intrathecal production of HSV IgM and IgA antibodies lasted from 7 weeks to 43 months during the observation periods. All patients had persistent intrathecal production of HSV IgG antibodies as well as of oligoclonal IgG during the total observation periods up to 43 months. PMID- 7223357 TI - [Very early deflections of the visual evoked response (author's transl)]. AB - The authors confirm the presence of very early deflection (before the 20th msec. after the flash). They probably have their origin under the cortex. The curves showing the attenuation of the spontaneous activity during the summation and those illustrating the evolution of the variancy of the early portions of the VER are comparable. By contrast, the stability of the curves related to later fractions state problems about the often pretented independancy of spontaneous and evoked activities. PMID- 7223361 TI - Transplantation of central nervous tissue. An introduction with results and implications. AB - Studies of post-lesional reorganization of central nervous connections have shown that central nerve fibers respond to nearby denervation by sprouting and formation of new terminals. The connections in the central nervous system (CNS) are accordingly much more plastic than was thought for a long time. This has revived the interest in transplantation of central nervous tissue. In this study we present some historical data on CNS transplantation supplemented by recent results obtained in our laboratory. Pieces of hippocampal tissue from embryonic or early postnatal rats were transplanted to different parts of the brain of littermates or adult rats. About two-thirds of the transplants were recovered after survival times ranging from 4 d to 2 years, and their cytological organization and intrinsic connections were monitored by cell and fiber stains and histochemical methods (AChE staining and Timm sulphide silver method). Comparison with both a normal and a lesioned control material revealed that in most transplants the tissue had developed as it does when left in situ in the donor brain, but deprived of its major afferent connections. In several instances we found evidence of a major exchange of connections between the transplants and host brains. The conditions needed for this to occur appeared to involve growth stimulation of host brain fibers by transection (host to transplant) and denervation of host neuropil (transplant to host). In cases where these conditions are met, the use of transplants may have future implications in attempts to repair lesions in the central nervous systems. PMID- 7223359 TI - Lead poisoning and the blood-brain barrier. AB - Lead exposure may produce varying degrees of neuropsychiatric manifestations from discrete phenomena, quite often seen in children and as an occupational disease, to the rate fulminant lead encephalopathy. It was determined whether or not damage of the blood-brain barrier permeability in adult rats, as has been demonstrated in neonatal animals exposed to lead, could also play a role. Massive lead exposure did not induce any change in the transfer (facilitated diffusion) of phenylalanine any tyrosine measured by means of the indicator dilution technique. Ultrastructural examination, after application of horseradish peroxidase, did not reveal any pathological changes in the permeability to the tracer. It is concluded that in adult rats, in contrast to neonatal animals, the observed pathological signs clearly seen in the chronically exposed animals must be ascribed to a noxious influence of lead on the extravascular side of the blood brain barrier. PMID- 7223360 TI - Measurement of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and anti-GFAP antibodies by solid-phase radioimmunoassays. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed for the detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and GFAP-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. In antibody assays purified GFAP was absorbed onto polystyrene beads, followed by incubation in dilutions of serum. (125-I)-labelled human anti-IgG was used to quantify antibodies bound to solid-phase GFAP. GFAP in samples was measured by the inhibition of the binding of anti-GFAP antibody to solid-phase GFAP. The serum and CSF samples of 19 brain tumor, 40 multiple sclerosis and 66 control patients were assayed for anti-GFAP antibodies. The binding values in the serum and CSF samples of the brain tumor patient group were higher and the binding values in the CSF samples of the multiple sclerosis group lower than those of the control group. The differences were statistically significant. PMID- 7223362 TI - Proliferation of Schwann cells in tellurium-induced demyelination in young rats. A radioautographic and teased nerve fiber study. AB - This is a study of DNA synthesis of Schwann cells during the demyelination and the remyelination of peripheral nerves secondary to the intoxication of young rats with tellurium (Te). 3H-thymidine uptake of Schwann cells begins on day 4, reaches a zenith on day 7, and ends before day 20 on the Te diet despite continuation of the diet. The chronology of pathologic events is that myelin breakdown leading to segmental demyelination occurs first, followed within 24--48 h by the appearance of paralysis and by the beginning of DNA synthesis by the Schwann cells. A quantitative study on isolated nerve fiber preparations showed that more Schwann cells are produced than necessary to cope with the remyelination and that only one of four to six Schwann cells present in the demyelinated area at day 12 will participate in the remyelinating process. PMID- 7223363 TI - Endoneurial vascular permeability in degenerating and regenerating peripheral nerves. PMID- 7223365 TI - Induction of fiber outgrowth in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells by a neuronotrophic factor occurring in human tumors. AB - Human tumors contain one or several factors which induce fiber outgrowth in a clonal cell line of rat adrenal medullary pheochromocytoma. Its action was tested semiquantitatively in cultured PC12 pheochromocytoma cells using conditioned media from cultures of 45 different brain tumors and homogenates of 18 human tumors of brain and non-brain origin. All tumor homogenates investigated and 71% of the conditioned media were active. The stimulation of fiber growth and the morphological appearance of neurites resembled that seen after treatment with the nerve growth factor (NGF). However, experiments with NGF antiserum and with an NGF non-responsive PC12-mutant indicated that the neuronotrophic factor(s) occurring in human tumors are different from NGF. The active factor is heat labile, unstable at pH's below 4, but stable up to pH9. It retains its activity after dialysis. PMID- 7223364 TI - Ultracytochemical evidence for endothelial channel-lysosome connections in mouse brain following blood-brain barrier changes. AB - An investigation designed to define relationships between endothelial channels and lysosomes was conducted in the mammalian brain microvasculature. Microvessels from normal and mechanically injured mouse brains were studied ultracytochemically for: (1) transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) protein tracer through endothelial channels, and (2) for acid phosphatase (AcP) activity as an enzymatic marker of lysosomes. Following traumatic brain injury for 1 week with 2 h circulation of intravenously injected HRP, selected brain slices were processed for ultrastructural localization of either HRP, AcP, or for both reactions together within the same tissue slices. One week after blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, the presence of HRP reaction product (RP) was observed within endothelial channels and vesicles of capillaries and arterioles with concomitant increase in lysosomal enzymatic activity of the endothelial cells bordering regions of brain damage. Lysosomes were observed to be directly connected to the endothelial channels. Our observations present cytochemical evidence for endothelial channel-lysosome connections which may suggest intralysosomal modification of blood-born materials before entering the neuropil. Such modification could have important immunological and/or metabolic significance. PMID- 7223366 TI - Thyrotoxic myopathy. Pathomorphological observations of human material and experimentally induced thyrotoxicosis in rats. AB - Proximal myopathy and different types of neuromuscular syndromes are frequently observed in hyperthyroid patients with complicated thyrotoxicosis. Conflicting reports on the changes seen in muscle biopsies range from no abnormalities to muscle necrosis with the fibers being replaced by connective tissue and fat. On the basis of 21 skeletal muscle biopsies from chronic thyrotoxic myopathic patients, coupled with studies in experimentally induced triiodothyronine myopathy in rats, the histological, histochemical, immunofluorescent, and electron-microscopic findings diagnostic for thyrotoxic myopathy are defined. These criteria include: clumping of nuclei, loss of cross-striation, vacuolar degeneration, and fatty infiltration of endo- and perimysium, presence of giant mitochondria, increased number of mitochondria, disorganization of contractile elements, swelling of transverse tubules, presence of microtubular aggregations, and a significant increase of lipofuscin granules. Both muscle fiber types or in some cases selective type II fibers display atrophy with signs of reinnervation. These alterations are polyfocal and polyphasic and, therefore, polychronous and stereotyped rather than pathognomonic. However, they are related to the severity of thyrotoxic myopathy and the duration of disease. The results of muscle biopsies have a predictive value in determining the reversibility of irreversibility of pathologic changes with therapeutic consequences. PMID- 7223367 TI - Dose-dependent effects of peroral dimethylformamide administration on rat brain. AB - Three-month-old Wistar rats were given dimethylformamide in their drinking water at three concentrations. Succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased at the two higher doses in brain after 2 or 7 weeks. Decreased glutathione concentration occurred at the highest dose. Cerebral azoreductase activity was below the control range after 7 weeks at all doses. Glial cell succinate dehydrogenase activity was below the control range in all animals. No qualitative changes in the spinal cord axon protein composition were detected. It is postulated that formic acid generated in the dimethylformamide metabolism might have led to a significant derangement of cerebral energy metabolism. PMID- 7223368 TI - Intraventricular neuroblastoma in a patient wit von Hippel-Lindau's disease. Light and electron microscopic study. AB - Cerebral neuroblastoma is a rare neoplasm that has not previously been associated with a phakomatosis. We report a case of an intraventricular neuroblastoma in a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau's disease. The neoplasm consisted of process forming cells containing clear vesicles, dense-cored granules and microtubules. An unusual finding was the presence of intertwining cytoplasmic processes, apparently representing aberrant process formation. We suggest that this case represents a cerebral neuroblastoma occurring as an unusual manifestation of a phakomatosis. PMID- 7223369 TI - Influence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on myelinated nerve fibre maturation and on body growth in the rat. PMID- 7223370 TI - [Musculi longus capitis et splenius of the rat and innervating motoneurons (author's transl)]. AB - The nuclei for the nerves of a dorsal (m. splenius) and a ventral (m. longus capitis) neck muscle of the rat were retrogradely labeled by applying horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the respective cut muscle nerves. Motoneurons of both muscles were analyzed for their localization, diameter of perikarya, and area of dendritic arborization. The nucleus of m. longus capitis is situated dorsomedially, the nucleus of m. splenius ventromedially within the ventral horn. Thus, the relative positions of the two nuclei are inverse to those of their muscles, with the more ventral nucleus innervating the more dorsal muscle. In both nuclei the areas of dendritic arborization are very large, extending into the nuclei of other neck muscles, and also into the ipsilateral anterior funiculus. In addition, m. longus capitis motoneurons were found to send dendrites into the contralateral ventral horn, reaching the nucleus of the contralateral muscle. The size distribution of perikarya is bimodal for m. longus capitis motoneurons, but only unimodal in the case of m. splenius. PMID- 7223371 TI - The catecholaminergic nerve supply to small intracerebral vessels following a cold injury to the mouse cortex. AB - A cold lesion was produced in the mouse parietal cortex. The damaged area was examined for alterations in the catecholamine fibres either by fluorescence microscopy or by electron microscopy. Within 24 h of injury many damaged catecholaminergic nerves were observed in close association with small intracerebral blood vessels. This relationship between nerves and blood vessels was not apparent in the control cortex. In the electron microscope, swollen non myelinated axons containing an accumulation of dense-cored vesicles were observed close to the vessel wall but separated from it by astrocytic process. Six days after injury regenerating catecholaminergic nerve fibres were found close to immature capillaries. Axonal-like profiles containing dense-cored vesicles were observed adjacent to the endothelial call basement membrane. The number of regenerating nerves declined with time and the only fluorescent catecholaminergic nerves that remained 12 weeks after injury were in an area known to be rich in capillaries. PMID- 7223374 TI - Abnormal neuronal migration and gliomatosis cerebri in epidermal nevus syndrome. AB - A detailed neuropathologic examination of the brain of a child with the typical epidermal nevus syndrome revealed a primary disturbance of development of the brain. The developmental disturbance consisted of an abnormal or incomplete migration of neurons to form the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. The normal architectonic pattern of the cortical layer formation of the cerebrum and cerebellum was also disturbed. In addition, there was an abnormality in the proliferative activity of astroglial cells resulting in gliomatosis cerebri. It is suggested that the basic abnormality underlying various neurologic derangements in epidermal nevus syndrome is the result of a defect in specific developmental events, such as neuronal migration and cortical differentiation. PMID- 7223372 TI - Morphometric analysis of autonomic neuropathology in the abdominal sympathetic trunk of the ketonuric diabetic Chinese hamster. AB - Fibers from the infradiaphragmatic portion of the sympathetic trunk of ketonuric diabetic Chinese hamsters were quantitatively analyzed by light and electron microscopy to determine frequency distribution and numerical density. Myelinated and unmyelinated fibers displayed a significant reduction in diameter which was exacerbated by increased duration of ketonuria. Mean numerical density of myelinated fibers was reduced whereas that of unmyelinated fibers was increased. The alterations in sympathetic nerve populations are believed to be a manifestation of previously observed demyelination and axonal degeneration. On the basis of axon diameter, it appeared that both visceral afferent and efferent fibers were affected. These data strongly suggest that autonomic neuropathology in the sympathetic trunk of the diabetic Chinese hamster may be a critical factor underlying gastrointestinal dysfunction. PMID- 7223375 TI - On the morphogenesis of ulegyria. AB - An 11 day old premature infant survived 8 days after a cardiac arrest. At necropsy, the infant's brain showed cortical arteries surrounded by cuffs of viable neurones, while the cortex between these arteries was necrotic. This appearance suggests that the pattern of nodules of neurones separated by radial bands of scar seen in ulegyria is probably the result of healing of similar cortical infarcts, which are oligemic intracortical boundary zone infarcts occurring when the arterial vascular bed is immature. PMID- 7223373 TI - Morphometric comparison of hippocampal microvasculature in ageing and demented people: diameters and densities. AB - The diameters and densities of capillaries and arterioles in the hippocampal cortex of normal subjects and patients with Alzheimer's dementia were measured in thick celloidin sections stained for alkaline phosphatase. Microvascular diameters in general are affected more by age than by the presence of dementia of the Alzheimer type. The diameter of both capillaries and arterioles increases significantly with age. The density of capillaries decreases whereas that of the arterioles increases significantly. The capillary changes suggest that a reduced exchange potential accompanies ageing. In brains of people with Alzheimer's disease the overall capillary diameters and densities do not differ from those of age-matched controls. Regional changes may, however, be important: those hippocampal zones showing the greatest severity of or increment in nerve cell lesions do correspond to those having the highest levels of or increase in capillary density and the greatest decrease in diameter, suggesting a direct association between neuronal susceptibility to Alzheimer changes and degree of regional blood supply. Capillary surface areas, volumes and area/capillary volume ratios support the possibility of this relationship. Neurofibrillary tangles and granulovacuolar degeneration do not correlate equally with the degree of capillary "irrigation"; tangles are more closely related to these morphological vascular parameters. PMID- 7223376 TI - Retinal amacrine cell involvement in Tay-Sachs disease. AB - Ultrastructural study of the retina from a patient with Tay-Sachs disease disclosed that amacrine cells as well as ganglion cells were loaded with numerous membranous cytoplasmic bodies, suggesting an accumulation of GM2 ganglioside, whereas the horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and photoreceptor cells were intact. Chromatography of lipids from the retina showed a prominent spot of GM2 ganglioside. These facts suggest that lipid metabolism in amacrine cells may be different from that in other retinal cells. PMID- 7223378 TI - [Primary osteochondritis of the hip: introduction]. PMID- 7223377 TI - Anatomical study of experimental kuru in the Rhesus monkey. AB - The authors report the morphology and topography of CNS lesions in experimental kuru (third passage) in the rhesus monkey. The main lesions encountered are spongiosis of the neuropile with neuronal vacuolization, moderate astrocytic gliosis, and slight neuronal depopulation. In all cases, lesions predominated in the grey matter of the cerebral hemispheres (cortex, neostriatum). Lesions were minimal in cerebellum and brain stem. The authors compare their results with these observed species of Primates (chimpanzee, spider monkey, marmoset, squirrel monkey). PMID- 7223379 TI - [Pathological study of primary osteochondritis of the hip]. PMID- 7223380 TI - Natural history, classification, and x-ray signs in Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease. PMID- 7223381 TI - Anteversion in Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease. PMID- 7223382 TI - [Modern or traditional complementary studies in primary osteochondritis of the hip]. PMID- 7223383 TI - [Arteriography in primary osteochondritis of the femoral head in children]. PMID- 7223384 TI - 99m technetium diphosphonate bone imaging in Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease. PMID- 7223385 TI - [Bilateral forms of primary osteochondritis of the hip]. PMID- 7223386 TI - [Serious forms of coxa plana]. PMID- 7223388 TI - Review of conservative treatment in Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease. PMID- 7223387 TI - [Psychological aspects of children with primary osteochondritis of the hip]. PMID- 7223389 TI - Perthes' disease. PMID- 7223390 TI - [Primary osteochondritis. Apropos of our experience in the Calot Institute]. PMID- 7223391 TI - Conservative treatment of in Perthes' disease: a comparison between containment and non containment methods of treatment. PMID- 7223392 TI - [The association of surgical treatment with ambulatory discharge in Legg-Calve Perthes disease. 15-year experience concerning 112 cases]. PMID- 7223393 TI - [Place of Chiari's osteotomy in the treatment of primary osteochondritis of the hip]. PMID- 7223394 TI - Treatment in Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease. PMID- 7223395 TI - [Primary osteochondritis of the hip in children. Round table conclusions]. PMID- 7223397 TI - Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral capital epiphysis in children. PMID- 7223396 TI - The growing hip: the dynamic development of the normal adult hip and the deformed hip of Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease. PMID- 7223400 TI - Automatic analysis of the human gait with a hybrid computer system. PMID- 7223398 TI - Objective recording of human gait, a quantitative evaluation of two techniques. Electrogoniometry and interrupted light photography. PMID- 7223401 TI - Procedure for the analysis of the gait biomechanics in patients with various impairments. PMID- 7223399 TI - A calibration procedure of a new force plate. PMID- 7223402 TI - Evidence for compensatory gait in patients with a valgus knee deformity. PMID- 7223404 TI - Determination of the internal damping properties of bone. PMID- 7223403 TI - The repartition of pressures within the forefoot. PMID- 7223405 TI - Evidence of a state of initial stress in osteonic lamellae. PMID- 7223406 TI - "In vivo" measurements of bone strain using a porous transducer. Preliminary results. PMID- 7223407 TI - Functional strain in sheep mandibles. PMID- 7223410 TI - Reaction of cortical bone to stress concentration, influence of different types of notches and rate of deflection to bone strength. PMID- 7223408 TI - Experimental analysis of strains influencing mandibular remodelling. PMID- 7223409 TI - Three osteotomies of the arthritic hip, wrong, not done, right. Biomechanics of failure and success. PMID- 7223412 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy in the study of tongue pathology]. PMID- 7223413 TI - [Tongue function in the rehabilitation of speech disorders, faulty breathing habits and deglutition disorders]. AB - The tongue is as an organ of speech and articulation not as indispensable as the soft palate. The recovery of speech after extirpation of the tongue is usually satisfactory, and the intelligibility of patients with microglossia compares favourably with the speech of an untreated cleft palate patient. Hypernasality and nasal escape of air are typical also for the congenital short palate (in the absence of a cleft); syndromes with a congenital short palate are often misdiagnosed as suprabulbar paralysis. The function and involuntary usage of the tongue e.g. in swallowing, influence the growth and development of the surrounding bony structures and the teeth. A frontal open bite due to the tongue thrust habit is a popular example. A case if made for the notion that the mouth breathing habit has grave consequences such as nasal obstruction, adenoids and glue ears. Mouth breathing should not be looked upon as a trivial accessory phenomenon, but as a behaviour that needs systematic reeducation treatment. Rehabilitative procedures are pointed out for patients with respiratory problems due to two-sides laryngeal nerve paralysis and patients with swallowing problems after partial extirpation of the base of the tongue. PMID- 7223411 TI - Stress fractures of the fifth metatarsal. PMID- 7223414 TI - [Extended subglottic laryngectomy in cancer of the epiglottis invading the vallecula and the base of the tongue]. PMID- 7223415 TI - [Technics and results of surgery in pelvilingual cancer]. PMID- 7223416 TI - [Results in the treatment of tongue cancer]. AB - Hundred and four patients with a carcinoma of the tongue were seen at the ENT clinic of Tubingen between 1969 and 1979. Most of them had advanced tumors, which were treated by a combined surgical and radiological therapy or by surgery or radiotherapy alone. There were a clearcut relationship between the prognosis and the histology, the stade and the localization of the tumor. Best therapeutic results were seen after the combined surgical and radiological therapy, especially in the treatment of neck metastases. Recurrencies of neck metastases were effectively treated by surgery; the fate of the patients depended on the primary tumor and on the occurrence of distant metastases. PMID- 7223418 TI - [Pathology of the tongue in children]. PMID- 7223417 TI - [Therapy of tumors of the mobile part of the tongue in experience of the Ferrara ENT Hospital and the Radium Institute of Brescia]. PMID- 7223420 TI - Laryngeal cancer in pregnancy. AB - A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx occurring in a 26-year-old woman during pregnancy is presented. From a review of the world literature appears that the occurrence of cancer of the larynx in pregnancy is exceptional. Therapy consisted of total laryngectomy and right radical neck dissection. At eleven months from surgery the patient is alive. PMID- 7223419 TI - Drooling in children with cerebral palsy. PMID- 7223421 TI - [A case of cervical amyloidosis]. PMID- 7223422 TI - [Screening of tube permeability disorders in applicant student-pilots]. AB - The author makes a comparative study of the Eustachian tubal function tested by tympanometry and by stimulated descents in a decompression chamber of applicant pilots. The tympanometry measures only the middle ear pressure and the compliance of the eardrum. There is no exact correlation between the middle ear pressure and the ventilatory function of the Eustachian tube as given by the decompression chamber test. Two third of the candidates with a negative middle ear pressure who undergo simulated altitude exposure in a decompression chamber exhibit barotrauma of the middle ear. On the other hand one third of the patients with a normal ear pressure exhibit barotrauma. The best stress test for Eustachian tube function remains the altitude chamber flight and can not be replaced by the tympanometry. PMID- 7223423 TI - Talc dust pneumoconiosis. AB - Various types of mineral dust can induce interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, but there is no definite correlation between lung X-ray findings, tissue lesions and the type of dust. In this paper, we report on the post mortem verification of talcosis by lung tissue analysis, using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis and x-ray diffractometry. PMID- 7223424 TI - Amyloid deposits in calcified aortic valves. AB - Thirty-nine severely calcified aortic valves surgically removed were studied for amyloid deposits using the alkaline Congo red stain. Amyloid deposits were found in all the valves, in such quantities that they could be demonstrated using screening magnification (x40). A close topographic relationship was found between amyloid and calcium deposits. In addition, histological evidence was found of prolonged fibroblast proliferation. In the light of more recent studies, which identify Congophilic cytofilaments in fibroblasts, as well as demonstrating fibroblast degeneration and decomposition in senile aortic valves, the following pathogenesis is suggested for "calcific aortic stenosis": Mechanical injury of malformed aortic valves leading to fibroblast proliferation; fibroblast degeneration and decomposition with extracellular accumulation of cellular degradation products (among others Congophilic cytofilaments); calcium deposits in the cellular degradation products resulting in "calcific aortic stenosis". PMID- 7223426 TI - Clinical and morphological findings in two cases of bromocriptine-treated prolactinomas. AB - The morphology of two cases of prolactin (PRL) secreting pituitary tumours was analyzed at the light and electron microscopic level. Prior to surgery both patients had been treated with bromocriptine. In both tumors, groups of cells revealed considerable morphological changes but these were not confined to the whole adenoma. In fact, most cells still appeared ultrastructurally intact. Pieces from both adenomas were explanted to an in vitro system. These specimens secreted mainly PRL though smaller amounts of growth hormone (GH) were also produced. The cell morphology of the cultured specimens often showed a large number of preserved cells. PMID- 7223425 TI - The ultrastructure of a membranous structure, the labyrinth, present in bone marrow plasma cells. AB - The ultrastructure of a complex membranous structure, the labyrinth, is described. This structure was found in bone marrow plasma cells from patients with multiple myeloma as well as from other groups of patients. It is concluded that the labyrinth may represent a rare route of secretion by which plasma cells are able to excrete waste products and simultaneously secrete intracellularly synthesized material. PMID- 7223427 TI - Incidence of different morphological types of thyroid cancer in the Nordic countries. AB - In order to determine the incidence of different morphological types of thyroid cancer in the Nordic countries, all cases of thyroid cancer reported to the national cancer registries of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden over periods ranging from 1 to 14 years were re-examined (a total of 706 cases) by one or two pathologists from each country. The age-adjusted incidence rate for Iceland was clearly higher than those for the other Nordic countries. The rate for Finland was the lowest, and a five-fold difference was seen between Iceland and Finland. The differences in the incidence rates applied to all age groups and to both sexes. The differences also concerned all histological types and were more pronounced for papillary and medullary carcinomas. In papillary carcinoma, an almost 10-fold difference was found between Finland and Iceland. The causes of the differences are not known. There has been and probably still is some endemic goitre in Finland, Norway and Sweden, but no endemic goitre occurs in Iceland. Thus, no positive association was found between the presence of endemic goitre and the risk of follicular carcinoma. There was a marked negative association between endemic goitre and the risk of papillary carcinoma. PMID- 7223428 TI - Aneuploidy as a marker for carcinoma-in-situ of the testis. AB - A microspectrophotometric study of the DNA content of carcinoma-in-situ germ cells in the testes of eight infertile men revealed an aneuploid DNA distribution pattern. The results support the assumption that carcinoma-in-situ germ cells are of a malignant nature. The findings also indicate that the DNA content can be used to discriminate between carcinoma-in-situ germ cells and spermatogonia. PMID- 7223429 TI - Repair in arterial tissue. AB - Both reendothelialized and non-reendothelialized surfaces of rabbit aortas, subjected to an embolectomy catheter lesion, were sectioned parallel to the neointimal surface. Microfilament bundles within endothelial cells were associated with extracellular anchoring filaments, lying parallel to the long axis in sections from reendothelialized areas. Proteoglycans coated the surface of anchoring filaments and joined together all the elements of connective tissue in the subendothelial space. In non-reendothelialized areas covered by smooth muscle cells, anchoring filaments were less prominent, almost no proteolglycans were visible, and connective tissue components were randomly mixed. We propose an influence of endothelial cells on the orientation and composition of the subendothelial connective tissue. PMID- 7223430 TI - TEM and SEM findings in cat fibroblasts cultivated in vitro with and without Mycoplasma. AB - Mycoplasma contamination of cultured cells may cause considerable interference with their behaviour and metabolism. Whether or not mycoplasma are actually taken up by cells in vitro has long been a matter of dispute. In the present study mycoplasma were shown to phagocytosed by feline lung fibroblasts and to end up in the lysosomal vacuome of the cells, where the organisms were only partially degraded by the hydrolytic enzymes leading to a rapid (within a few days) accumulation of secondary lysosomes of the residual body variety. It is thus obvious that studies on the structure and function of the lysosomal vacuome in cultured cells are possible only if precautions are taken to avoid that the cultures become contaminated by mycoplasma. PMID- 7223431 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-like bacteria isolated from healthy humans in Norway. AB - Faeces samples from a total of 397 presumably healthy students in Norway were collected during April to September, 1979. Twenty strains of Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-like bacteria were isolated from 10 (3%) of these students. Six students harboured 2-4 antigenically distinct strains. Of the total of 20 strains, 14 were typical Y. enterocolitica isolates, representing five different serogroups (4, 5, 6, 7-8, 13-7 and non-agglutinable). The remaining six strains were tentatively designated "y. enterocolitica-like bacteria". They showed atypical reactions with respect to one or more of the following characters: fermentation of rhamnose, sucrose, cellobiose and sorbose. The strains recovered from healthy humans in this work were similar to strains previously isolated from wild-living mammals, fish and water in Scandinavia. Nine strains produced enterotoxin at 22 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C. PMID- 7223432 TI - In vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing of Vibrio alginolyticus. AB - V. alginolyticus from environmental sources of different geographical areas and some human pathogenic strains were investigated for their sensitivity to 29 different antimicrobial agents, using the agar diffusion method. All strains were sensitive to Gentamicin, Neomycin, Sulfaisodimidin, Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim, Rifamycin, Nalidixan and Linco-Spectin and all except one to Trimethoprim, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurantoin and Tobramycin. Between 80 and 94% of tested strains were sensitive to Clindamycin, Cephalotin, Kanamycin, Tylosin and Spiramycin, while Ampicillin, Vancomycin and Novobiocin were effective to approximately 50%. A high percentage of resistance was found to Meticillin, Carbenicillin and Lincomycin. All strains were resistant to Penicillin and Fucidin. No variation in sensitivity pattern between environmental strains isolated from different areas was detected. Great correlation was found among environmental and human pathogenic strains, which could be helpful as guidance in therapy. PMID- 7223433 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid is a significant component of the small-intestinal mucus. AB - During investigations into the role of intestinal mucus for the attachment of Enterobacteriaceae to the intestinal surface it was surprisingly found that DNA was a significant component of the mucus from the rabbit small intestine. PMID- 7223434 TI - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and 3-methylxanthine in guinea pigs. I. Single dose administration. AB - Aminophylline in the doses 6.31 . 10(-5) mol kg-1 and 2.37 . 10(-4) mol kg-1 (corresponding to 13.8 and 52.0 mg kg-1 respectively) and 3-methylxanthine 2.37 . 10(-4) mol kg-1 (39.4 mg kg-1) was administered to guinea pigs by intravenous bolus injection, n = 7, 10, and 6, respectively. The shape of semilogarithmic plots of all measured plasma theophylline concentrations versus time was compatible with the use of an open 2-compartment pharmacokinetic model assuming first-order distribution and elimination processes, but in the comparison of the mean values of the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained after the administration of the low and the high theophylline dose, statistical analysis by Student's t test showed beta and V1 to be significantly altered (low dose: beta = 0.00338 min.-1, V1 = 392 ml kg-a; high dose: beta = 0.00198 min.-1, V1 = 528 ml kg-1; P less than 0.05). Following the administration of 3-methylxanthine, the observed plasma concentration time course of this pharmacologically active theophylline metabolite could be adequately described be means of the 2-compartment open model. The administered 3-methylxanthine was eliminated unchanged with a first order rate constant ten times larger than the total elimination rate constant of theophylline itself, the latter being observed after the administration of the equimolar dose of aminophylline (kel 3MX = 0.029 min.-1, kel theophylline = 0.00293 min.-1). Clearance was calculated to 14.4 ml kg-1 min.-1 for 3 methylxanthine and 1.50 ml kg-1 min.-1 for theophylline. When aminophylline 2.37 . 10(-4) mol kg-1 had been administered, 3-methylxanthine was renally eliminated at a constant rate for the first hours after the injection, but it did not only constitute a few per cent of the theophylline-derived urine products. PMID- 7223435 TI - Pharmacokinetics of terbutaline and theophylline in guinea pigs when administered simultaneously. AB - Simultaneous administration of terbutaline and theophylline to guinea pigs did not cause significant alterations of the pharmacokinetic properties of any of the drugs. Terbutaline sulphate 24 microgram kg-1 and aminophylline 52 mg kg-1 (7.42 . 10(-8) and 2.37 . 10(-4) mol kg-1 respectively) were given by a bolus intravenous injection, producing plasma concentrations in the range 0-15 ng terbutaline sulphate per ml (0-46 nanomol 1(-1)) and 10-85 microgram theophylline per ml (50-429 mumol 1(-1)). Pharmacokinetic analyses of time courses of plasma concentrations of intact drugs and investigations of tissue distribution 1 hour after the administration were performed. The results showed a weak, statistically insignificant trend of the peripheral compartment of the 2-compartment model to sequester a larger fraction of the drugs when these were administered simultaneously. PMID- 7223436 TI - Stimulus pattern and tolerance development. Exposure of rats to alternating light/darkness patterns in vivo and pilocarpine sensitivity in vitro of the iris sphincter. AB - Pigmented rats were kept under different light/darkness patterns for 5-12 days. The response of the iris sphincter in enucleated eyes was tested with pilocarpine as a standard stimulus. The eyes were either decorneated or intact. The maximum response (no subsensitivity) was obtained after continuous darkness and the minimum (maximum subsensitivity) after continuous light. Six hours of light and one block of 18 hours of darkness per day caused distinct subsensitivity, but less than if the light was interrupted by six 3-hour darkness periods. Further subdivision of the light into twelve 30-min. periods made no difference. One 18 hour block of light followed by 6 hours of darkness caused less subsensitivity than continuous light. Subdividing the darkness into six 1-hour periods made no significant difference. PMID- 7223437 TI - Effects of acute exposure to methyl parathion on carbohydrate metabolism of Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis). AB - Exposure of the Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) to a high sublethal concentration of 5.6 p.p.m. (0.8 of the 96 hr LC50) of methyl parathion for 3, 6, 12, 48, and 96 hrs affected carbohydrate metabolism. Muscle glycogen levels decreased significantly at 3, 6, 12 and 96 hrs; liver glycogen content declined at 6 hrs but there was a resynthesis of hepatic glycogen stores at 12 hrs. Blood glucose levels in fish were elevated at 3 and 6 hrs. Mean values for blood pyruvate were elevated significantly at 6, 12, and 96 hrs. Blood lactate level was elevated at 3 hrs but hypolactaemia resulted at 48 and 96 hrs in pesticide treated fish. The observed effects of methyl parathion on carbohydrate metabolism in fish are discussed in relation to acute stress syndrome. Measurement of carbohydrate metabolites in fish for 3 hrs or longer could prove useful as a rapid method for evaluating toxicity of pesticides and other toxicants. PMID- 7223438 TI - Convulsive effect of theophylline in conscious and anaesthetized guinea-pigs. AB - In urethane-anaesthetized guinea-pigs, the effect of theophylline (theo) on heart rate, arterial blood pressure, respiration rate and limb movements were recorded. Continuous intravenous infusion of theo initially increased the respiratory and heart rates and lowered the arterial blood pressure. After infusion of about 50 mg/kg of theo, the cardiovascular effects reached a maximum and were then only slightly changed until the terminal stage. A tonic stretching of the limbs (at 155 +/- 15 mg/kg) preceded generalized seizures of clonic tonic convulsions which were recorded after infusion of 367 +/- 25 mg/kg of theo. At this stage, respiration was highly irregular. PaO2 started to fall and PaCO2 to rise, while a plasma acidosis developed rapidly. The convulsions progressed in frequency and intensity and were terminally associated with respiratory and cardiovascular collapse. The convulsive effects of theophylline were similar to those observed in conscious guinea-pigs after 250 mg/kg of theo orally. The present findings agree with the view that the convulsive effect is a primary life-threatening action of theophylline. The method described may be of use in the search for new, less toxic xanthine drugs. PMID- 7223439 TI - The effect of chronic lithium treatment on the sialic acid content in rat brain synaptosomes. AB - Rats were fed a lithium-containing diet for five weeks (40 mmol LiCl/kg fodder). Plasma lithium concentration was 0.44 mmol Li+/l plasma. The synaptosomes were isolated an incubated with 3H-glucosamine for 60 min. The glycopeptides and the gangliosides were extracted and the sialic acid content and the 3H-sialic acid content were measured. The lithium treatment produced an increase in the synaptosomal glycopeptide content. The sialic acid content was simultaneously increased in glycopeptides as well as gangliosides. The specific activity of sialic acid was reduced to 75% of the control value in the sialoglycopeptide fraction. PMID- 7223440 TI - Enterohepatic circulation, urinary excretion and laxative action of some bisacodyl derivatives after intragastric administration in the rat. AB - Bisacodyl (BIS), the parent diphenol (DES) and its sulphuric acid di-ester (picosulphate = PICO) were given by stomach tube to fasted rats at a dose of 3.1 mumol/100 g rat. Bile was sampled in the periods 0-6, 6-12 and 12-18 hrs after drug administration, and assayed for total diphenol (= free + conjugated) by HPLC. Mean fractions (% of dose +/- S.E.M.) excreted in 5 rats per compound and period were: BIS 74.0 +/- 4.7, 51.9 +/- 7.9 and 30.8 +/- 2.5; DES 41.2 +/-4.3, 46.8 +/- 4.7 and 25.1 +/- 2.5; PICO 9.0 +/- 0.9, 26.0 +/- 5.4 and 19.6 +/- 3.1. Only minor amounts were excreted as free diphenol. Urine samples taken by bladder puncture and assayed as above furthermore showed that the renal excretion of total diphenol was insignificant compared to the amounts excreted in bile. Practically no diphenol was present in urine 0-6 hrs after the administration of PICO. In experiments with BIS and DES at 0.85 mumol/100 g, total diphenol excreted in bile during 0-6 hrs was: BIS 67.1 +/- 2.6 (n = 5); DES: 55.4 +/- 3.0 (5). - The latency time for laxative effect was studied in groups of 10 unfasted rats per compound. cumulative time response curves showed that PICO caused diarrhoea more promptly at 0.85 mumol/100 g than either BIS or DES. In most rats, this delayed action of BIS and DES persisted also at 1.7 mumol/100 g. At 3.1 mumol/100 g, however, the majority of the rats reacted as promptly to these two compounds as to PICO. These results are discussed in relation to the biliary excretion experiments, and interpreted in terms of the relative importance at the different dose levels of: 1. The enterohepatic recirculated fraction, and 2. The non-absorbed fraction, which passes directly to the large intestine. For PICO, the latter fraction is the single determinant of the effect, which is triggered when the di-ester is being hydrolyzed to active diphenol in this part of the GI tract. PMID- 7223441 TI - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and 3-methylxanthine in guinea pigs. II. Multiple dose administration. AB - Following intravenous bolus injection of theophylline 2.37 . 10(-) mol kg-1 to guinea pigs (administered as aminophylline 52.0 mg kg-1), the elimination of the dose was more rapid in a group of 8 guinea pigs that had received theophylline 2.02 . 10(-4) mol kg-1 (aminophylline 44.3 mg kg-1 (aminophylline 44.3 mg kg-1) intraperitoneally twice daily for 12 days prior to the experiment than in a group of 10 non-pretreated guinea pigs of the same age. The difference was statistically significant in Student's t-test (P less than 0.02). The mean values in the group of pretreated animals were: kel 0.00457 min.-1, beta 0.00296 min.-1, clearance 2.04 ml kg-1 min.-1, Vd beta 693 ml kg-1. By way of comparison, the values obtained in non-pretreated guinea pigs were: kel 0.00293 min.-1 beta 0.00198 min.-1, clearance 1.50 ml kg-1 min.-1, Vd beta 757 ml kg-1. This result suggests enzyme induction to occur. The pharmacologically active theophylline metabolite 3-methylxanthine did not accumulate in the plasma during the long-term theophylline administration. The general plasma concentration level was 0-1.8 . 10(-8) mol ml-1 (0-3 microgram ml-1). In 5 per cent of the samples were detected concentrations in the range 1.8 . 10(-8) mol ml-1 (3-12 microgram ml-1), but the time of occurrence was sporadic. PMID- 7223442 TI - Physicochemical and in vivo properties of various iron-poly (sorbitol-gluconic acid) complexes. PMID- 7223443 TI - Studies on direct compression of tablets. I. The effect of particle size in mixing finely divided powders with granules. PMID- 7223444 TI - Synthetic analogues of nicotine. IX. synthesis and biological testing of some piperazine derivatives in regard to nicotine-like activity and anthelmintic effects. PMID- 7223446 TI - Isolation, synthesis and pharmacological activity of strychnocarpine, a new beta carboline alkaloid from Strychnos elaeocarpa. PMID- 7223447 TI - Screening of Iranian plants for antimicrobial activity. PMID- 7223445 TI - Metabolism of two beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, alprenolol and metoprolol, in different species. In-vitro and in-vivo correlations. PMID- 7223448 TI - Basic contraction properties of the avian stapedius muscle. AB - The basic contraction properties of the solitary avian middle ear muscle, the M. stapedius, was investigated in chicken, Gallus gallus, by a sensitive tension transducer. Previous experimental studies on the in situ muscle preparation revealed both fast and slow components in the muscle's physiological responses. In the present study, brief electrical stimulus pulses delivered to the "isolated" M. stapedius elicited rapid twitch contractions with average tension levels of 46 mN for maximal stimulation. The contraction time was 15 ms, the half relaxation time was 15 ms and the total twitch time was 54 ms. Repetitive stimulation (2.5-200 Hz) revealed maximum summation of responses at 10-20 Hz and apparent complete fusion at 160 Hz. Peak tension at 160 Hz ranged from 150 mN to 200 mN. The twitch tetanus ratio was found to be 0.25. In earlier experiments with an in situ preparation, a slow component was observed in the physiological responses. However, this slow component was not seen in the single twitch responses or the responses or the response to repetitive stimulation in the present study. The M. stapedius of Gallus gallus was found to be a "fast" muscle by conventional terminology. Its contraction time is slightly shorter than the contraction times of the M. stapedius in mammals such as the cat (21 ms) and the rabbit (22 ms). These findings are consistent with earlier morphological studies which show the M. stapedius of Gallus gallus to have the features of a fast twitch muscle. PMID- 7223449 TI - Influence of exogenous substrates on adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) concentration in normal and diabetic rat aorta in vitro. AB - In diabetic rat aorta glucose metabolism is impaired and changes in the activities of several enzymes are found. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the metabolic alterations in diabetic vascular tissue influence energy production. Aortas of normal and diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated in vitro for up to 120 min with various substrates added to the incubation medium. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin and the rats were used after a diabetes duration of two weeks. When normal and diabetic aorta were incubated in the presence of 5.6 mmol/l glucose no significant difference in ATP-concentration was found after 60 min while after 120 min the ATP-concentration was lowered in diabetic aorta. Addition to the incubation medium of a substrate mixture containing amino acids in the same concentrations as in rat plasma, 3 mmol/l DL beta-hydroxybutyrate and 1.5 mmol/l palmitate increased the ATP-concentration, measured after 120 min, in diabetic aorta but not in normal aorta. No significant difference in ATP-concentration was found between normal and diabetic aorta incubated in a medium containing all substrates. When diabetic aorta was incubated with each substrate separately beta-hydroxybutyrate but not glucose, palmitate or amino acids, increased the ATP-concentration to about the same level as the complete substrate mixture. The results suggest that the ability to utilize glucose for ATP production is impaired in diabetic vascular tissue and that other substrates such as ketone bodies are of importance for energy production in diabetic vessels. PMID- 7223451 TI - Opening of the blood-brain barrier by acute elevation of intracarotid pressure. AB - A method for local opening of the blood-brain barrier in the territory of one internal carotid artery in the rat is described. A local hypertensive insult is induced by rapid infusion of blood into the internal carotid via the external carotid. The hemodynamic changes caused by the infusion, in particular relation to the threshold and extent of barrier opening, are analyzed. This mode of hypertensive barrier opening may be advantageous to those in which the insult is induced systematically, especially when studying the cerebrovascular effects of neurotransmitter catecholamines, since all the latter methods interfere with adrenergic mechanisms. Further, unilateral intracarotid infusion may allow the territory of the contralateral middle cerebral artery to be used as internal control. PMID- 7223450 TI - The in vitro transport of 14C-alpha-aminoisobuturic acid into blastocysts from mice in delay and after activation for implantation. AB - The uptake of 14C-AIB (14C-alpha-aminoisobuturic acid) into mouse blastocysts was studied in vitro. The flushed blastocysts fell into two size categories, namely large or "expanded" and small or "contracted". The arithmetic mean volume for the large blastocysts grew from 0.58 nl for delayed blastocysts to 0.76 nl for 8 h activated ones, while both delayed and activated small blastocysts had a mean volume of 0.22 nl. Delayed and 8 h activated large blastocysts showed an enhanced uptake of 14C-AIB with time of incubation, the uptake increasing 3-fold from 15 min to 60 min. The small blastocysts generally showed a higher uptake than the large ones, but the activated small blastocysts were atypical in that they unexpectedly displayed a 3-fold decrease in uptake at 60 min incubation as compared with 15 min. The early peaks of 14C-AIB uptake in vivo by uterine tissue and blastocysts were shown to be well correlated to the uptake in vitro. The presence of a working System A carrier in the activated blastocysts was demonstrated by showing that the uptake of AIB was sodium dependent and could be inhibited by N-methyl-AIB. Ultrastructural studies by scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the trophoblast of large blastocysts was elongated and covered by numerous microvilli on a slightly bulging surface. The small blastocysts on the other hand displayed cuboidal trophoblast cells, sometimes in a pseudostratified arrangement, with the outer surface covered by many ridges. PMID- 7223452 TI - Studies on the endoanesthetic effects of lidocaine and benzonatate on non medullated nerve endings in the left ventricle. AB - The blocking (endoanesthetic) effects of lidocaine (Xylocaine) and benzonatate (Tessalon) on cardiac ventricular, non-medullated endings were tested in cats. Lidocaine was found to cause an effective and long-lasting partial blockade of the cardiovascular reflex responses to stimulation of the ventricular receptors. This effect was obtained at plasma concentrations of 2.5-4.7 microgram/ml, which is within the concentration range seen in patients with myocardial infarction treated with lidocaine because of its antiarrhythmic properties. Tessalon also markedly attenuated the reflex response, normally obtained when the ventricular receptors are excited, but the effect was very shortlasting when doses, producing no side effects, were used. Recordings of impulse traffic from the left ventricular receptors showed that the impaired reflex responses after lidocaine and Tessalon were due to a blockade at the receptor level. Thus both the receptor response to ventricular distension and to injection of protoveratrine (Bezold Jarisch reflex) was markedly attenuated after infusion of lidocaine (2-4 mg/kg) or a bolus injection of Tessalon (0.2-1 mg/kg). PMID- 7223453 TI - Plasma noradrenaline correlates to sympathetic muscle nerve activity in normotensive man. AB - Recordings of multiunit sympathetic activity were made in muscle branches of the peroneal nerve in 22 healthy subjects at rest in recumbent position. Nerve activity was quantitated in terms of burst incidence (number of pulse synchronous sympathetic bursts per 100 heart beats or per min). In a separate session, 4-45 months later, blood was drawn from an antecubital vein for noradrenaline analysis. Both sympathetic activity and plasma concentrations of noradrenaline varied widely between subjects and both parameters increased with age. There was a significant positive correlation between a subject's level of sympathetic activity and his plasma concentration of noradrenaline. It is suggested that overflow of transmitter from sympathetic terminals in muscles contributes significantly to plasma levels of noradrenaline at rest. PMID- 7223454 TI - Increase in choline acetyltransferase activity in surgically isolated postganglionic parasympathetic neurones of the urinary bladder of adult rats. AB - In the urinary bladder of adult male rats the choline acetyltransferase activity in postganglionic neurones isolated from the central nervous system was shown to increase markedly and rapidly following section of the contralateral postganglionic neurones. The enzyme activity of the operated bladder was 32% of the control 3 days postoperatively, while at the last observation, 25 days postoperatively, it was 86%. As judged from additional studies on totally denervated bladders and on totally decentralized bladders the increase found in the enzyme activity was not due to ingrowth of nerves from outside or to unspecific acetylcholine synthesis neither was it due to increase in bladder wall tension or to increase in tissue mass. PMID- 7223455 TI - Effects of fatigue on isometric force- and relaxation-time characteristics in human muscle. AB - Effects of intermittent one leg isometric fatigue on maximal isometric force, force production, relaxation and blood lactate were studied using 29 male students as subjects. The relative changes of variables during fatigue and recovery were intercorrelated together with muscle structure variables, which were determined using needle biopsy technique. Maximal force decreased, force production and relaxation became slower and muscle lactate increased during fatigue. Change of maximal force, force production and lactate during fatigue as well as recovery of maximal force and lactate after fatigue were correlated significantly to muscle fiber distribution. Fatiguability of the force-time characteristics was therefore influenced by the differences in the metabolic profiles of the individual muscle fibers. However, ability to relax the muscle quickly was not observed to be dependent on muscle structure. This suggest that different fatigue mechanisms might be present in relaxation than in force production. PMID- 7223456 TI - Interrelationships between electromyographic, mechanical, muscle structure and reflex time measurements in man. AB - Reaction time (TRT) with its premotor (PMT) and motor time (MT) components, patellar reflex time (TRfT) with its latency (LAT) and motor time (RfMT) were studied together with isometric force production and relaxation time variables in one leg isometric knee extension. These variables were intercorrelated together with muscle biopsy variables taken from m. vastus lateralis. From these computations MT proved to demonstrate significant correlations to rate of isometric force development (RFD) (P less than 0.001), maximum force (P0) (P less than 0.001) and per cent distribution of ST fibers (P less than 0.001). It is speculated that these relationships are determined by the pattern of the motor unit recruitment and by different characteristics of the slow and fast twitch muscle fibers to trigger the excitation-contraction coupling. PMID- 7223458 TI - [The body, locus of oppression in the restrained person]. PMID- 7223459 TI - [Fitness for imprisonment]. PMID- 7223457 TI - Selective effects of barbiturate and amphetamine on information processing and response execution. PMID- 7223460 TI - [Fitness for imprisonment: evaluation and observations by the Examining Magistrate]. PMID- 7223461 TI - [Fitness for isolation]. PMID- 7223462 TI - [Psychotropic drugs and imprisonment]. PMID- 7223464 TI - The role of health personnel in the protection of prisoners against torture and inhuman treatment. The contribution of the World Health Organization. PMID- 7223463 TI - [Psychotropic drugs and imprisonment in a psychiatric hospital for political reasons]. PMID- 7223466 TI - [Hunger strikes]. PMID- 7223467 TI - [Observations on hunger strikes]. PMID- 7223468 TI - [The medicalization of the death penalty]. PMID- 7223465 TI - [Psychiatric actions in special imprisonment environments. The reinforced security quarter of Bourgoin. Practical aspects and observations]. PMID- 7223469 TI - [Development of teaching of human rights in medical schools]. PMID- 7223471 TI - [The victim of torture and his torturer. Or psychological methods of torture]. PMID- 7223470 TI - [Presentation of a clinical case: "Tito de Alencar"]. PMID- 7223472 TI - [Ethical problems for the physician posed by torture; apropos of a personal experience]. PMID- 7223473 TI - [The new Article 8 of the French Code of Deontology]. PMID- 7223474 TI - [Physical restraint and the law]. PMID- 7223476 TI - [The rights of man and imprisonment of the person. Intervention]. PMID- 7223477 TI - Medicolegal aspects on alcohol detected in dead bodies. PMID- 7223475 TI - [The French judge and torture]. PMID- 7223478 TI - [Death by poisoning]. PMID- 7223479 TI - [Sudden death and alcoholism]. PMID- 7223480 TI - [A case of death by oral poisoning with sodium nitrite]. PMID- 7223481 TI - Death from alcohol intoxication and the role of alcohol in other intoxications and in cases of violent death. PMID- 7223482 TI - [Pulmonary histological aspects of acute paraquat poisoning]. PMID- 7223483 TI - [Medico-legal aspects in organophosphorous poisoning]. PMID- 7223484 TI - Ethyl alcohol intoxication: treated patients and fatal cases. Clinical and post mortem investigations. PMID- 7223485 TI - [Sudden death caused by acute barbiturate, analgesic and/or tranquilizer poisoning]. PMID- 7223486 TI - A statistical study of suicides through intoxication. PMID- 7223487 TI - [Results of toxicological analyses at the time of medicolegal autopsies. Importance--interpretation problems]. PMID- 7223488 TI - [Statistics of death by poisoning. Results of the Graz Institute of Forensic Medicine - Austria 1950-1975]. PMID- 7223489 TI - [Cause of death by poisoning in Japan]. PMID- 7223490 TI - [Toxic death: statistics of the French Poison Control Centers. French Group of Poison Control Centers]. PMID- 7223491 TI - [Death by poisoning. Statistics from the Porto Institute for Forensic Medicine - Portugal 1901-1978]. PMID- 7223492 TI - [Toxic death: 1977 evaluation in Marseille and its surroundings]. PMID- 7223493 TI - [3 cases of death in trichloroethylene addicts]. PMID- 7223494 TI - [Death by poisoning. Introduction]. PMID- 7223495 TI - [Mortality of acute poisoning in Tunisia. Evaluation of toxicological expertise performed from January 1976 to June 1979]. PMID- 7223496 TI - Aortic valve replacement with homograft and autograft valves. Performance of 615 valves over 15 years. PMID- 7223497 TI - More than ten years' experience with the Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve. PMID- 7223498 TI - Prosthetic valve replacement. PMID- 7223499 TI - Composite valved apico-aortic conduits for left ventricular outflow obstruction. PMID- 7223501 TI - About the treatment of cardiopathies. PMID- 7223500 TI - Homograft valves: is degeneration inevitable? PMID- 7223502 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot. Surgical considerations. PMID- 7223504 TI - Hydrodynamics of the lung interstitial space. PMID- 7223503 TI - Surgical treatment and operative results for patients with transposition of the great arteries. PMID- 7223505 TI - Alterations of the pulmonary microcirculation after open heart surgery. Correlation between the pulmonary vascular dynamics and ultrastructural changes after the operation. PMID- 7223506 TI - Prognostic significance of coronary arteriography. PMID- 7223507 TI - Valve substitutes in cardiac surgery. PMID- 7223508 TI - M-mode echocardiographic mapping in differentiation of normal from dysfunctioning left ventricular myocardium. A study of patients with severe myocardial infarction and healthy controls. AB - Seventeen severely ill patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (12 men and 5 women; mean age 65) and 37 healthy persons with similar age and sex distribution were investigated. Regional left ventricular wall motion was studied in terms of mean wall velocity, in 16 segments, 8 basal and 8 apical, by M-mode echocardiographic (Echo) mapping from 6 probe positions. Adequate Echo registrations were obtained from 88% of the total of 864 segments. The best classification (88.5%) of normal and infarcted segments was obtained with a -30% deviation of mean systolic wall velocity (Vmean) values from the mean values of the control segments (CS). Non-infarcted segments (NIS) in the AMI group had significantly lower Vmean values than the CS (p less than 0.001). Subendocardially (SIS) and transmurally (TIS) infarcted segments could be clearly separated from both CS and NIS (p less than 0.001). Per cent deviation of Vmean from the mean value of the control segments (PD-V) for SIS varied considerably overlapping CS, NIS and TIS. With a PD-V between 0 and -30% the probability of NIS is 94%, SIS 6% and TIS less than 1%. A PD-V more than -66% was rarely seen among NIS (2%) but was the normal finding in TIS (94%). PMID- 7223509 TI - Praecordial ECG mapping in acute anterior myocardial infarction. The evolution of ST segment and Q and R waves. AB - Praecordial ECG mapping (42 leads) was carried out in 16 patients with anterior myocardial infarction, admitted up to 3 hours after the onset of symptoms. The mappings were performed according to a set time schedule throughout the acute phase and one year after the infarction. For each ECG map the number of leads with ST elevation greater than or equal to 1.5 mm (NST) and the sum of these (epsilon ST) were calculated. In addition, the sum of Q amplitudes (epsilon Q) and R amplitudes (epsilon R) were determined. On average, the initial epsilon ST elevation decreased from 2 to 8 hours. A secondary increase, occurring in 14 patients, was maximal during days 2-5. Based on the appearance function of creatine kinase in plasma and the QRS alterations, it is suggested that this re elevation of the St segment was due to infarct extension (5 pats.) or expansion (9 pats.). The course of the average NST was similar to epsilon ST. epsilon Q began to develop at 3 hours, the maximum deflection being reached after about 24 hours (range 8-45). epsilon R was falling at 2 hours; the maximum rate of decrease occurred, on average, within the first 24 hours (range 12-54). One year after the infarction, both epsilon Q and epsilon R had the same level as at 8 hours. The ST elevation at 4 hours was related to the development of Q and R waves within 24 hours, but only a weak or no correlation was found. Thus, there was very little value in predicting the development of QR changes from the ST elevation at 4 hours. PMID- 7223510 TI - T wave changes after acute myocardial infarction predicting reinfarction. AB - Of 420 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction who survived the coronary care unit period, 57 developed 63 reinfarctions with 16 deaths within three months (reinfarction group). Of the remaining 363 patients, 28 died without evidence of reinfarction during the same observation period and 335 survived. The last ECGs before discharge, or prior to a reinfarction in hospital, of the reinfarction patients were studied and compared with time-matched ECGs from the 335 survivors without reinfarction. In ECGs without interfering patterns, the slope of the ascending limb of a negative T wave was measured as the angle to the vertical plane (interobserver variation less than or equal to 5 degrees in 95%). Of the 63 reinfarctions, 40% had a steeply ascending limb of a negative T wave (T wave angle less than or equal to 55 degrees in lead II, less than or equal to 35 degrees in CR4 and/or less than or equal to 40 degrees in CR7) and a QRS complex without signs of infarction in the same lead (abnormal Q waves or abnormal R wave progression). The same criteria were fulfilled by 6% of the 335 survivors without reinfarction (p less than 0.001) and by one of the 28 patients who died without reinfarction. Thus, a steeply ascending limb of a negative T wave in the acute phase of a myocardial infarction heralds a reinfarction if the QRS complex of the same lead does not show signs of infarction (3-month sensitivity 40% and predictive value 53%). A T wave angle less than or equal to 35 degrees in CR4 corresponds to less than or equal to 40 degrees in V4. CR7 is not transferable to V6 but was the least predictive lead. PMID- 7223511 TI - Frequency and distribution of long-term ECG-recorded cardiac arrhythmias in an elderly population. With special reference to neurological symptoms. AB - The prevalence of serious episodic cardiac arrhythmias known to correlate with cerebral symptoms was investigated in 103 elderly, randomly selected persons with the aid of 22 hours of long-term ECG recording (LTER). Twelve of 26 subjects with dizziness/syncope had serious episodic arrhythmias compared with 5 of 77 subjects without these symptoms. This difference is significant (p less than 0.001). Five patients fulfilled strict criteria for pacemaker treatment of symptomatic bradycardias. Three had the sick sinus syndrome and two had third degree atrioventricular block. In 4 subjects, drugs were withdrawn due to bradycardia; and 4 were treated for tachyarrhythmias. Despite the finding of minor arrhythmnias in almost all asymptomatic subjects, it is concluded that serious episodic arrhythmias in the elderly are related to cerebral symptoms. It is also concluded that these arrhythmias are more common than previously believed and that LTER should be widely used. PMID- 7223513 TI - Hyperlipoproteinaemia and reduced fibrinolytic activity in healthy coronary high risk men. AB - One hundred and four consecutive men from the non-symptomatic hyperlipoproteinaemic group of the Oslo Study were examined with regard to their fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion of the arm. Sixty-eight per cent showed reduced fibrinolytic activity as compared to 24% of 21 age-matched healthy coronary low-risk men. In the hyperlipoproteinaemic group, 55 individuals had been on a moderate lipid-lowering diet for about 3 years, whereas the other 49 had not (controls). The diet group showed a market tendency towards normalization of their lipoprotein patterns, but this was not significantly associated with normalization of the fibrinolytic activity. Out of 20 men with type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia, 95% showed reduced fibrinolytic activity. The association between hypertriglyceridaemia (type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia) and reduced fibrinolytic activity might possibly be explained by a reduced lipoprotein lipase activity in these individuals. PMID- 7223515 TI - Effect of peroral thiamine treatment on thiamine contents and transketolase activity of red blood cells in alcoholic patients. AB - The thiamine contents, transketolase activity and "thiamine diphosphate effect" (TDP effect) of the transketolase activity were measured in the blood of alcoholic patients during withdrawal, before and after thiamine administration (50 mg) for 10 days. The results were compared with those of healthy volunteers. The alcoholic patients showed significantly lower thiamine contents, lower transketolase activity and higher TDP effect in the blood than the healthy volunteers. These biochemical parameters were not significantly changed after 10 days without any exogenous thiamine supplement except the hospital diet. When thiamine was administered in a dose of 50 mg for 10 days, the TDP effect normalized. The transketolase activity and thiamine contents, however, were only slightly increased, probably due to the fact that the apo-enzyme content and the thiamine-binding capacity were lower in the blood of the alcoholics. Thus the TDP effect seems to reflect the relative biochemical deficiency while transketolase activity and thiamine contents seem to be dependent on the amount of apo-enzyme and on the thiamine-binding capacity as well as the degree of thiamine deficiency. PMID- 7223516 TI - Muscle involvement in sarcoidosis. AB - In 22 patients with sarcoidosis, symptoms and signs of muscle involvement were scanty, but muscle biopsy showed epithelioid cell granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis in 11 patients (50%). Serial sectioning of the muscle biopsies increased the diagnostic yield. The incidence of muscle involvement was highest among patients with both acute sarcoidosis and erythema nodosum. Involvement of other organs was common in patients with muscle sarcoidosis. In two patients with negative scalene node biopsy and negative bronchial and transbronchial biopsies, muscle biopsy showed histological evidence of sarcoidosis. Muscle involvement is common in patients with sarcoidosis, but in many cases there are few or no symptoms. In patients with both acute sarcoidosis and erythema nodosum, muscle biopsy frequently provides histological evidence of the disease. Good cooperation with the pathologist and serial sectioning of the biopsies are necessary if muscle biopsy is to be used as a routine in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. PMID- 7223512 TI - Early exercise test in the assessment of long-term prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. AB - Subjective maximal exercise test was performed in 317 patients in the third week after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI); 78% of the total AMI population could be tested. The long-term survival was assessed on the basis of data from the exercise test. The average follow-up time was 5.7 years. Mortality increased significantly among patients with major ventricular arrhythmias and among those with a small increase in the pressure rate product (dPRP) from rest to maximal exercise. Patients with arrhythmias and those with a low dPRP constituted a high risk group of 165 patients (52%). The probability of 5-year survival was 0.551 in this group vs. 0.783 in the others (p less than 0.001). The death rate was higher in the high-risk group than in the other patients throughout the whole observation period. PMID- 7223517 TI - On the size and tumor involvement of the spleen in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Fifty-four untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) subjected to splenectomy were studied with respect to preoperatively assessed spleen size compared to postoperative findings. Before splenectomy, nine patients had "normal sized" spleens, 18 patients had spleens weighing greater than or equal to 200 g and 14/39 spleens were tumor-involved. Nine patients had "enlarged" but unpalpable spleens. Eight of these weighed greater than 200 g and 3/9 spleens showed tumor involvement. Six patients with preoperatively palpable spleens showed tumor involvement, their spleens weighed greater than 660 g. The results confirm the inaccuracy of non-invasive procedures in prediction of spleen size and tumor involvement in HD. PMID- 7223519 TI - Malignant mesenchymoma of the heart presenting as mitral stenosis. AB - Malignant mesenchymoma of the left atrium obstructing the mitral orifice was revealed at autopsy in a 39-year-old woman with a history indicating mitral stenosis. Minor tumour nodules were found in the walls of the right and left ventricle together with a few distant metastases. Clinical findings in primary cardiac tumours and the rarity of primary malignant mesenchymoma of the heart are discussed. PMID- 7223520 TI - Pancreas affection in association with enteritis due to Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni. AB - A woman with pancreas affection during diarrhoea due to Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni is presented. The patient recovered within 8 days without specific treatment. In addition, 5 other cases with pancreas affection associated with Campylobacter infection are cited. PMID- 7223518 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation, antithrombin III, and complement in meningococcal infections. AB - Serial assessments of some blood coagulation factors, antithrombin III (AT III), and complement were made in 18 patients with meningococcal (mgc) infection. All patients displayed laboratory evidence of activation of the blood clotting system. Two patients showed clinical signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Only AT III differed significantly between patients with and without complications. There was no correlation between changes in blood clotting, activation of the complement system and the course or duration of the disease. These results do not enable one t identify patients who need specific prophylactic therapy. Controlled clinical trials, including administration of heparin, dextran, aprotinin, and others, are still required to ensure optimal treatment in fulminant mgc infections. PMID- 7223514 TI - Bone mineral content before and after intestinal bypass operation in obese patients. AB - With the aim of investigating bone mineral loss after intestinal bypass operation, bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by two-dimensional scanning photon absorptiometry on the distal part of the forearm in 23 consecutive patients who had undergone intestinal bypass operation for obesity. Eleven patients (group 1) were investigated before and 12 months after operation, and 12 (group 2), who had been operated on 2-7 years earlier, were investigated two times at an interval of 12 months. No patient received therapeutic calcium or vitamin D supply. The predominant biochemical findings postoperatively were decreased serum values of calcium, magnesium, albumin, and total protein; there was no change in inorganic phosphate or alkaline phosphatase. Mean BMC was normal in both groups postoperatively as well as in group 1 before operation; there was no significant change in mean BMC during 12 months of observation. However, in BMC measurements on extremely obese subjects, a correction for the excessive fat layer on the forearm was necessary because of different attenuation properties of fat and soft tissues. Neglect of this problem will give a systematic underestimation of BMC, and may lead to false conclusions in cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies. PMID- 7223521 TI - [Becker's melanosis]. PMID- 7223522 TI - [Bowen's disease with multiple lesions caused by chronic arsenic poisoning]. PMID- 7223523 TI - [Acral lentiginous melanoma]. PMID- 7223525 TI - [Secondary syphilis with a histological pattern of lymphomatoid papulosis]. PMID- 7223526 TI - [Biomechanical and biochemical assessment of the skin in hypocupremia. An experimental study]. PMID- 7223524 TI - [Acral lentiginous melanoma. Presentation of 6 cases]. PMID- 7223527 TI - [Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum. Surgical treatment]. PMID- 7223529 TI - [The articular surfaces of the human ankle joint]. PMID- 7223530 TI - Hamster immune responses in infectious and oncologic diseases. PMID- 7223528 TI - [Vitiligo: knowledge about its heredity]. PMID- 7223532 TI - Mechanisms of inflammation in lung tissue. PMID- 7223531 TI - Hemolytic complement and its components in Syrian hamsters: a study of five strains uninfected and infected with Brugia pahangi. AB - Complement profiles were tested in outbred (LVG) Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and compared to the MHA, LHC, PD4, and CB inbred strains. The total C and C component concentrations in the sera varied among the strains and were in the following ranges in untreated animals (in CH50 units per ml): total C, 140 260 (undetectable in PD4 and CB); Cl, 14,000-25,000; C2, 200-800 (except PD 4 and CB); C3, 40,000 and 80,000; C4, 2,000-2,800 (except PD4 and CB); C4, 40,000 80,000; C6, 3,600-6,000 (undetectable in PD4 and CB); C7, 50,000-350,000; C8, 10,000-30,000; C9, 30,000-60,000. The PD4 and CB strains had undetectable total C and C6, and their exact C2 and C4 levels could not be determined, but were lower than in the other strains. The MHA strain had the highest total C levels, but had significantly lower (1/3 or less) C7 levels than the other strains of hamsters. Infection of hamsters with the filarid nematode Brugia pahangi for four to five months produced moderate decreases in the total C and C3 levels, but varied changes in other C components. Six infected and three uninfected animals died during the experiment from spontaneous enteritis and weight loss. PMID- 7223533 TI - Immune response of the hamster to experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease. PMID- 7223535 TI - Syndromes of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in children. PMID- 7223536 TI - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: 100 new cases. PMID- 7223534 TI - Experimental filariasis in the Syrian hamster; immunological aspects of complex host-parasite interactions. PMID- 7223537 TI - Prolactin cycling and the management of breast-feeding failure. PMID- 7223538 TI - Fluorescence angiographical studies in the diagnosis and follow-up of tumors of the iris and ciliary body. AB - The clinical and detailed angiographical findings taken during the follow-up of 182 patients with tumors of the iris and the ciliary body reported. On the basis of different angiographic staining patterns, these tumors were divided into three groups. Group I: Clinically, as a rule darkly pigmented, slightly or nonprominent tumors, which do not take up fluorescein at all, i.e. no staining of the tumor of its surroundings during the whole angiogram. 107 patients with such a tumor type did not show any clinical or angiographical changes during several years of follow-up. Those tumors which were excised (4) proved to be nevi. We therefore believe this fluorescein pattern indicates a benign lesion so that examination every 6 months suffice. Group II: These are usually less pigmented and only slightly prominent and have their own vascular network. On fluorescein angiography there is dye leakage within the tumor and into the surrounding iris stroma as well as into the aqueous humor. Of a total of 52 cases 9 were excised via iridectomy or iridocyclectomy. Of these 5 were shown to be benign nevi, 4 however were diagnosed as malignant melanomas. We therefore classify this fluorescein angiographical pattern as belonging to potentially malignant tumors, needing frequent controls, i.e. at 3-month intervals. Group III: Clinically these tumors are usually darkly pigmented, extremely prominent and mostly situated in the peripheral iris, originating here or spreading forward from the ciliary body. They are usually vascularized and show - if the melanin content is not too dense early mottled staining in the vicinity of the tumor. They furthermore always have a marginal central borderline fluorescence as a typical sign, often accompanied by dye leakage from normal iris vessels, representing so-called 'tumor iritis'. 18 tumors of this type were excised via iridocyclectomy or enucleation and all were shown to be malignant melanomas of the iris or the ciliary body on histopathological examination. This fluorescence pattern group of tumors should always be regarded as definitely malignant, and therefore need prompt surgical excision. PMID- 7223539 TI - [The anterior-chamber intraocular lens. Geometrical optics of Binkhorst's anterior-chamber lens and its practical consequences]. PMID- 7223540 TI - Processing of adenovirus nuclear RNA to mRNA. PMID- 7223542 TI - Tobacco mosaic virus: model for structure and function of a simple virus. PMID- 7223541 TI - The biology and ecology of strains of an insect small RNA virus complex. PMID- 7223543 TI - Viruses as probes for development and differentiation. PMID- 7223544 TI - [A new venous drainage route from posterior choroid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223546 TI - [Electro-retinographical study on early phase of experimental uveoretinitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223547 TI - [Neutrophil beta-glucuronidase activity in Behcet's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223548 TI - [Membrane antigen of Toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223545 TI - [Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE); its pathogenic role on experimental autoimmune uveo-retinitis (EAU) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223549 TI - [Dynamic function of macrophages in the subarachnoid space (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223550 TI - [Associations in visually related areas of cats studied by horseradish peroxidase. I. Cortico-cortical fiber connections in visual association area of normal adult cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223551 TI - [The electroretinogram following unilateral optic nerve transection in cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223552 TI - [Optic nerve fiber after short ciliary artery occlusion. I. An experimental study in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223553 TI - [Cytotoxicity of preservatives on cultured human conjunctival cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223554 TI - [Effect of a modified polyinosinic acid--polycytidylic acid complex against herpes simplex keratitis in monkeys (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223555 TI - [Observations of the precorneal tear film and corneal lesions with bio differential-interference microscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223556 TI - [Circadian rhythm of human corneal thickness (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223557 TI - [Non-contact specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium, age changes and changes after corneal damage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223558 TI - [Bullous keratopathy: endothelial cell changes in experimental corneal edema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223561 TI - [An experimental study on the outflow pathway of the aqueous humor after glaucoma surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223560 TI - [Physiological studies on the intraocular irrigating solution for ophthalmic surgery: a preliminary report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223559 TI - [Experimental siderosis of the cornea--an electron microscopic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223562 TI - [Three-dimensional structure of Schlemm's canal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223563 TI - [Electron microscopic study on the localization of pseudoexfoliative material in capsular glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223565 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of age changes in the human iris. Part I. The anterior border layer of non-glaucomatous eyes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223564 TI - [Electron microscopy of the trabecular meshwork in primary congenital glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223566 TI - [Visco-elasticity of bovine lens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223569 TI - [Clinical trial of timolol maleate ophthalmic solution for glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223567 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic studies on the cornea of rabbit after chronic topical administration of 1% bupranolol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223568 TI - [Timolol ophthalmic solution for the treatment of glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223571 TI - [Serological study on toxoplasmosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223572 TI - [Effect of master eye surgery in exodeviations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223570 TI - [Retinal damage by touching (author's transl)]. PMID- 7223574 TI - The growth precipitation test as a diagnostic method for differentiation of mycoplasma and acholeplasma species. PMID- 7223573 TI - Plasma levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in relation to starvation hypocalcaemia in dairy cows. PMID- 7223575 TI - Cryopreservation of hen red blood cells. PMID- 7223576 TI - The effect of the bacteriological status of feed on some haematological and blood chemical data on mink. PMID- 7223577 TI - Pathogenic, enterotoxin-producing staphylococci in mink feed and mink feed raw materials. PMID- 7223578 TI - Listeriosis in sheep. Eperythrozoon ovis infection used as a model to study predisposing factors. PMID- 7223579 TI - Listeriosis in sheep. Tick-borne fever used as a model to study predisposing factors. PMID- 7223580 TI - The use of a "TT" shaped cannula for collection of duodenal digesta in sheep. PMID- 7223582 TI - Blood serum and synovial fluid in bovine laminitis and arthritis, with particular reference to the protein composition. PMID- 7223581 TI - Pathology of bovine laminitis especially as regards vascular lesions. PMID- 7223583 TI - The distribution of soluble copper- and zinc-binding proteins in liver and kidney of chronic copper-poisoned goats. PMID- 7223585 TI - Plasma cortisol and behaviour in early weaned piglets. PMID- 7223586 TI - Grouping of animal streptococci by latex agglutination and staphylococcal co agglutination tests. PMID- 7223587 TI - Health care delivery for deaf patients: the provider's role. PMID- 7223584 TI - Distribution of live and dead spermatozoa in the genital tract of gilts at different times after insemination. PMID- 7223589 TI - Hearing-impaired children from non-native language homes. PMID- 7223588 TI - Otologic survey of schools for the deaf. PMID- 7223590 TI - Profile of psychological service providers to hearing-impaired students. PMID- 7223591 TI - Determinants of sustained slow pathway conduction and relation to reentrant tachycardia in patients with dual atrioventricular nodal transmission. AB - In 24 patients with dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways, multiple incremental atrial pacing studies were performed to obtain atrial (A) to His (H) basic driven (A1 and H1) and extrastimulus (A2 and H2) intervals. Discontinuous A1-A2 and H1-H2 intervals were analyzed for relations between initial coupling times and subsequent A-H responses, and to examine curves of sequential paced cycle lengths (A-A intervals) versus A-H intervals. Seventeen patients showed sustained slow pathway (SP) conduction with demonstration of discontinuous A-A and A-H curves. Sustained SP conduction occurred at critical atrial paced rates when the first paced beat was blocked in the fast pathway (FP) with conduction via the SP. Eleven of these 17 patients had inducible sustained supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). A-H interval during SVT in these 11 patients was closely related to SP A-H interval during atrial pacing at the paced rate comparable to SVT rate (r = +0.89, p less than 0.001). The seven remaining patients showed continuous A-A and A-H curves. In three of these seven patients, sustained SVT was inducible, suggesting ability to sustain SP conduction. All of these three patients had continuous A1-A2 and H1-H2 curves during sinus rhythm so that the first atrial paced beat could not be blocked in the FP for subsequent SP conduction. In the other four of the remaining seven patients, despite block of the first atrial paced beat in the FP with SP conduction, the second paced beat was blocked in the SP so that all subsequent beats resumed FP conduction. In conclusion, sustained SP conduction in patients with dual AV nodal pathways requires (1) an initiating beat being blocked in the FP, (2) a critical rate cycle length, and (3) the ability of SP for repetitive conduction at critical rates. PMID- 7223592 TI - Sustained effectiveness of chronic prazosin therapy in severe chronic congestive heart failure. AB - Twelve patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) (NYHA class III and IV) resistant to digitalis and diuretics were treated with the postsynaptic alpha-blocking agent prazosin (PZ) (3 to 20 mg/day). In 11 patients oral PZ treatment was well tolerated; the agent was discontinued in the remaining patient because of orthostatic dizziness. After 4 weeks of PZ, total systemic vascular resistance decreased from 2245 +/- 792 to 1603 +/- 355 dyn sec cm-5, mean blood pressure declined from 100 +/- 15 to 90 +/- 14 mm Hg, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 29 +/- 8 to 25 +/- 9 mm Hg. Cardiac index increased from 1.92 +/- 0.63 to 2.30 +/- 0.41 l/min/m2. The increase of stroke volume index correlated with the fall in peripheral vascular resistance (r = - 0.79, p less than 0.01) and the decline in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = --0.75, p less than 0.05). In parallel, exercise tolerance increased significantly. Four patients improved from functional class IV to II, four from class IV to III, and one from class III to II, while two patients were unchanged. In the eight patients followed for 6 months, the beneficial effects of ambulatory PZ were maintained throughout the expansive observation period. Three patients died as their disease process progressed during the study (sudden death, pneumonia, and post-PZ withdrawal pump failure). Prazosin is a valuable vasodilator for long-term treatment of otherwise refractory congestive heart failure with the agent given in sufficient individualized dosage. PMID- 7223593 TI - Beneficial hemodynamic response to chronic prazosin therapy in congestive heart failure. AB - Thirteen patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF) were treated with prazosin. Following the first dose, cardiac output (CO) (mean +/- SD) rose from 3.2 +/- 1.2 to 4.3 +/- 1.1 L/min, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PAD) decreased from 23 +/- 12 to 18 +/- 11 mm Hg, mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased from 85 +/- 10 to 76 +/- 10 mm Hg, and heart rate did not change (92 +/ 15 vs 92 +/- 14 bpm). At the end of a 48 to 72 hour titration to an optimal regimen, significant effects on CO (3.2 +/- 1.1 vs 4.5 +/- 1.3 L/min), PAD (24 +/ 12 vs 18 +/- 8 mm Hg), and MAP (84 +/- 10 vs 76 +/- 10 mm Hg) were still seen. The patients were restudied after 3 months of treatment. In contrast to reports of rapid development of tolerance to prazosin, we found continued beneficial effects on CO (3.0 +/- 1.3 vs 3.8 +/- 1.0 L/min) and PAD (23 +/- 12 vs 18 +/- 10 mm Hg), without significant change in MAP (81 +/- 11 vs 78 +/- 8 mm Hg). We found wide variability in the CO rise in response to prazosin, which was not accounted for by differences in plasma prazosin concentration. Systemic vascular resistance in the untreated state did correlate with the percentage change in CO. In addition, excessive lowering of the PAD appeared to blunt the CO response in some cases. PMID- 7223594 TI - Ambulatory prazosin treatment of chronic congestive heart failure: development of late tolerance reversible by higher dosage and interrupted substitution therapy. AB - To evaluate whether long-term administration of the oral vasodilator, prazosin, in the ambulatory therapy of chronic refractory congestive heart failure (CHF) results in gradual attentuation of its marked salutary peripheral circulatory relaxing actions, 16 coronary heart failure patients receiving chronic prazosin, 16 mg daily, were assessed for the development of vasodilator tolerance for 12 months. In six of these patients such tolerance was documented after 7 months which was readily surmountable, thereby allowing continuation of effective chronic prazosin therapy. Each of the six tolerance patients underwent four forearm plethysmography studies: prior to chronic prazosin (study I; 4.0 mg study dose), after 7 months prazosin (study II; 4.0 mg), repeated following 1 additional week on higher effective prazosin dose of 32 mg daily (study III; 8.4 mg), and following 2 weeks of prazosin withdrawal (study IV; 4.0 mg). The prazosin study dose increased forearm blood flow, decreased forearm vascular resistance and venous tone in studies I, III, and IV; these variables were unchanged by prazosin in study II. Despite vasodilator tolerance to the initial daily dosage at 7 months (study II), symptomatic effectiveness and improved cardiac performance were sustained throughout the entire 12 months of chronic prazosin therapy by increasing dosage (study III) and brief interruption of the vasodilator (study IV) (NYHA class IV pre-prazosin symptoms improved to class 2.7 at 3 months, class 2.4 at 6 months, and class 2.5 at 12 months chronic prazosin). This study showed that prazosin vasodilator tolerance occurred in approximately one third of CHF patients after several months of chronic prazosin therapy. More importantly, however, the present investigation demonstrated that chronic prazosin symptomatic efficacy can be maintained in such CHF patients by overcoming tolerance with higher effective prazosin dosage or brief prazosin discontinuation. PMID- 7223595 TI - Hemodynamic effects of inhaled terbutaline in congestive heart failure patients without lung disease: beneficial cardiotonic and vasodilator beta-agonist properties evaluated by ventricular catheterization and radionuclide angiography. AB - To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, terbutaline sulfate, when given by inhalation in ventricular dysfunction, 0.5 mg of the agent was given by nebulizer to 13 patients with congestive heart failure (nine coronary heart disease and four with idiopathic cardiomyopathy). Data were obtained before and 10 and 30 minutes post inhalation, by right heart catheterization and by gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. All patients responded with increased cardiac output (3.5 to 4.3 L/min, p less than 0.01) and stroke volume (40 to 49 ml, p less than 0.01) without change in heart rate. Decreases occurred in peripheral vascular resistance (1924 to 1443 dsc-5, p less than 0.01), left ventricular filling pressure (21 to 15 mm Hg, p less than 0.01), and systemic arterial oxygen tension (81 to 72 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). both left and right ventricular ejection fractions rose (0.24 to 0.38 and 0.36 to 0.51, both p less than 0.01) with concomitant declines in biventricular end diastolic volumes. All variables indicated changed rapidly at 10 minutes post inhalation and returned to control levels by 30 minutes after the agent. Thus moderate inhaled doses of terbutaline produce prompt, potent, and transient salutary hemodynamic effects due to its peripheral vasodilator and cardiotonic properties, without untoward arrhythmogenic or anginal provoking influences in the present study. PMID- 7223596 TI - Detection of coronary disease patients at high risk for recurrent myocardial infarction by elevated plasma inactive creatine kinase B protein levels. AB - The diagnostic and prognostic significance of plasma inactive creatine kinase B protein (CK-Bi) levels measured by radioimmunoassay was determined in various ischemic myocardial syndromes. In 120 stable angina patients free of pain at time of blood sampling, mean CK-Bi level was 114 +/- 42 (SD) micrograms-equiv/ml; 195 micrograms-equiv/ml (95% confidence interval) represented upper limit of normal. In seven coronary artery disease (CAD) patients atrial pacing induced ischemia was not associated with increased coronary sinus CK-Bi. Of 201 consecutive patients with suspected acute infarction (AMI), 45 developed ECG criteria of transmural AMI with concomitant increased plasma CK-Bi levels (498 +/- 133, range 372-718 micrograms-equiv/ml). Elevated CK-Bi levels in evolving transmural AMI were detected before raised CK enzyme activity. Elevated plasma CK-Bi levels also occurred in acute pericarditis and in unstable angina. In the 84 patients not developing ECG changes or elevated plasma CK activity, their plasma CK-Bi levels were also normal and no coronary events occurred in the next 6 months. The remaining 55 patients had nontransmural AMI, with 15 also having elevated plasma CK and CK-Bi levels, of whom six developed re-AMI in the next 3 months. In the other 40 nontransmural AMI patients, plasma CK-Bi levels (350 +/- 65 micrograms/equiv/ml, range 228 to 445) increased significantly without associated CK activity rise, and 24 developed re-AMI (three fatal) in the next 6 months. These data suggest that: (1) plasma CK-Bi protein radioimmunoassay measurement provides a sensitive means for detecting myocardial necrosis or inflammation and (2) elevated plasma CK-Bi levels in coronary disease patients during myocardial ischemic pain may afford identification of a CAD clinical subset at high risk of subsequent AMI. PMID- 7223597 TI - Acute myocardial infarct size estimated by serum CK-MB determinations: clinical accuracy and prognostic relevance utilizing a practical modification of the isoenzyme approach. AB - The clinical reliability and relevance of a practical enzymatic method to estimate infarct size (IS) were evaluated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The technique utilized was that of relatively few sequential determinations of serum heart specific isoenzyme CK-MB, as corroborated by studies of numerous CK-MB measurements. Isoenzyme IS was determined in 321 consecutively admitted patients with AMI. Autopsies were performed in 22 of the 43 decedents for quantification of myocardial necrosis by histochemical and histologic techniques. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.83 p less than 0.001, SEE = 28%) was observed between IS values calculated from serum CK-MB and IS defined by necropsy examination. The CK-MB median IS was significantly increased in decedents compared to survivors (p less than 0.005), with IS ranges having substantial overlap between the two groups. The present study demonstrates that a practical and reliable estimation of IS in vivo is obtainable by serum CK MB. While such estimated IS is of relatively moderate value for predicting in hospital prognosis in single patients, the isoenzyme method appears particularly well suited for clinical evaluation of potentially beneficial interventions anticipated to limit myocardial necrosis in groups of AMI patients. PMID- 7223598 TI - Increased fatality and difficult diagnosis of in-hospital acute myocardial infarction: comparison to lower mortality and more easily recognized pre-hospital infarction. AB - We studied 510 patients in the Columbia, South Carolina metropolitan area with documented acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 1978 to investigate differences in clinical characteristics and outcome between patients who experienced AMI while inside the hospital (IN-AMI) and those who experienced AMI outside the hospital environment (EX-AMI). Mortality for IN-AMI patients (66%) was significantly higher (p less than 0.0001) than for EX-AMI patients (22%), and remained higher (p less than 0.05) even after exclusion of high-risk IN-AMI patients (surgical patients, those with serious underlying noncardiac illness, and those with underlying cardiac illness as the reason for hospital admission). Medical IN-AMI patients experienced fewer typical forms of AMI symptoms (p less than 0.05) and did not reach an intensive care unit significantly sooner than did EX-AMI patients. Time from onset of AMI symptoms to death was not significantly different between IN-AMI and EX-AMI groups (p = 0.22). Therefore AMI occurring during hospitalization was associated with poor early prognosis even after exclusion of high-risk patients. These results emphasize the need for improved approaches to prevention, identification, and management of AMI patients. PMID- 7223599 TI - Effects of verapamil on supraventricular tachycardia in patients with overt and concealed Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - Verapamil (0.15 mg/kg) intravenously, was administered to 19 patients with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) undergoing electrophysiological evaluation. Twelve patients had overt Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and seven patients had concealed accessory pathways conducting in the retrograde direction only. Verapamil had a significant effect in delaying conduction and prolonging refractoriness in the atrioventricular (AV) node, but no significant actions on any of the other cardiac tissues that formed the tachycardia circuit in these patients. In particular, it had no significant effects on anterograde or retrograde bypass conduction or refractoriness. Sustained SVT was initiated in 15 patients, and was terminated within 60 to 105 seconds of a 30-second injection of verapamil in 13 patients. Cycle length alternation during SVT was seen in six patients prior to reversion, and spontaneous ventricular complexes (VPCs) were observed following verapamil administration in five patients. Two patients with apparently normal sinus node function showed prolongation of their sinus node recovery times immediately following reversion of SVT by verapamil. Echo zones were assessed before and after verapamil, and sustained or self-terminating SVT could still be induced after the drug in 13 of the 15 patients who had sustained SVT beforehand. It was concluded that intravenous verapamil was effective in terminating sustained SVT in the majority of patients with overt or concealed WPW and that, despite a potential for sinus node depression and the initiation of VPCs, it had no clinically significant side effects. The ability to reinitiate SVT following its administration suggests the need for immediate follow-up with maintenance drug therapy. PMID- 7223601 TI - Mitral valve "anular" calcium forming a complete circle or "O" configuration: clinical and necropsy observations. AB - Attention is called to the occurrence of a complete circle or "O"-shaped ring of calcium at the mitral anular region in each of two women, aged 67 and 82 years. Extension of mitral anular calcium from behind the posterior mitral leaflet across the ventricular aspect of the anterior mitral leaflet to form a complete circle has not been reported previously. PMID- 7223603 TI - Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7223602 TI - Left ventricular aneurysms associated with intraoperative venting of the cardiac apex in children. AB - Left ventricular (LV) apical aneurysms were observed in 16 of 50 (32%) children (average age 8 years) consecutively catheterized after surgical repair of congenital heart disease. The LV apex was vented by a sump during cardiopulmonary bypass in each. The aneurysms varied in size, but were generally small. Average dimensions were 7.5 X 6.8 mm in the anteroposterior projection and 8.9 X 5.7 mm in the left anterior oblique projection. The LV apex wall was thinner in patients with aneurysms than in age- and lesion-matched controls. All of the LV aneurysm patients were asymptomatic during average follow-up of 4 years. Nevertheless, such aneurysms are anticipated to represent a potential source of cardiovascular complications and, when possible, alternate methods for venting the left ventricle are recommended. PMID- 7223600 TI - Echocardiographic classification of complete atrioventricular canal defects. AB - M-mode echocardiographic records of 26 patients with surgically proven complete atrioventricular canal defect were reviewed. Fragmentation of the interventricular septum and anterior displacement of the mitral annulus into the left ventricular outflow tract were noted in all patients. In 25 of 26 a common atrioventricular valve leaflet echo could be identified in the left ventricular outflow tract at the area of the left ventricle demonstrated separate "mitral" and "tricuspid" contributions to atrioventricular valve echoes in all 13 patients with type A defect, and a single common atrioventricular valve leaflet in 10 of 11 patients with type C complete atrioventricular canal. Two patients with type B defect had findings intermediate between these two patterns. M-mode echocardiography presumptively diagnosed complete atrioventricular canal in all 26 patients and diagnosis was definitive in 25 of 26. In addition, echocardiographic atrioventricular valve patterns permitted anatomic classification in the large majority of cases. PMID- 7223604 TI - Hereditary aspects of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7223605 TI - Stress thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy and exercise technetium ventriculography in the detection and location of chronic coronary artery disease: comparison of sensitivity and specificity of these noninvasive tests alone and in combination. PMID- 7223606 TI - The conduction system in mitral valve prolapse syndrome with sudden death. PMID- 7223607 TI - Dissecting aneurysm of the ventricular septum following acute myocardial infarction: diagnosis by real time two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7223608 TI - Metastatic epidermoid cardiac tumor manifested by persistent ST segment elevation. PMID- 7223609 TI - Precordial thump and termination of cardiac reentrant tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 7223610 TI - Persistent left superior vena cava in patients with congenital atrioventricular preexcitation conduction abnormalities. PMID- 7223611 TI - Isolated right ventricular infarction and aneurysm due to blunt chest trauma: value of two-dimensional echocardiography and radionuclide angiography. PMID- 7223612 TI - Right ventricular myopathy with an unusual intraventricular conduction defect (epsilon potential). PMID- 7223614 TI - Dipyridamole may be more effective with sodium salicylate than with aspirin. PMID- 7223615 TI - Dual AV nodal pathways and AV nodal reentrant paroxysmal tachycardia. PMID- 7223613 TI - Premature pulmonic valve opening and inverted septal convexity in acute ischemic right ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 7223617 TI - New tools for treating heart disease. PMID- 7223616 TI - Oral vasodilator therapy with prazosin in severe congestive heart failure. PMID- 7223618 TI - The role of psychological factors in myocardial infarction. PMID- 7223619 TI - Pharmacy economics: freedom and ability to manage. PMID- 7223620 TI - New drugs of the year. PMID- 7223621 TI - Nebraska patients' attitudes about patient package inserts. PMID- 7223622 TI - Purchase or lease? How to find the most profitable option. PMID- 7223623 TI - Once upon a PD. PMID- 7223624 TI - PD now...the time has come. PMID- 7223625 TI - Pharmacists in industry. PMID- 7223626 TI - Industrial opportunities for pharmacists. PMID- 7223627 TI - Industry supports professional development. PMID- 7223628 TI - Continuous education for industrial pharmacists. PMID- 7223629 TI - The pharmacist as a drug research monitor. PMID- 7223630 TI - USP. Pharmacy's national standard. PMID- 7223631 TI - A 1980s look at women in pharmacy. PMID- 7223632 TI - Cutting costs. Selecting the best payment option. PMID- 7223633 TI - Health hazard alert... pentachlorophenol. PMID- 7223634 TI - Heat acclimatization, its decay and reinduction in young Caucasian females. AB - The loss of heat acclimatization and the number of days necessary for reinduction to the acclimatized state as a function of length of the decay period were studied for periods of four, eight, and twelve days. Six females between 18 and 30 years of age (mean VO2 max = 38.7 mL/kg/min) were concurrently heat acclimatized for ten days by treadmill walking at 5.0 km/hr for 100 minutes per day in an environment of 33.5 degree C WBGT. Both 35% and 75% relative humidities were utilized to achieve at 33.5 degree C WBGT with half the subjects exposed to each condition. Physiological measurements included heart rate, sweat rate, core temperature, and mean skin temperature. Of these measurements, only the sweat rate proved not to be affected by any of the independent variables. Predictive equations were developed for heart rate, core temperature and mean skin temperature for decay periods of four through twelve days in length and end of work values attainable for one through four days of successive work after decay. Significant relationships were found in all cases, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.73 to 0.86. Both levels of humidity created the same physiological responses from the subjects, suggesting that the ability of WBGT to evaluate heat stress is independent of the humidity level. PMID- 7223635 TI - Evaluation of heat stress in a hot workshop by physiological measurements. AB - The use of physiological measurements, heart rate and oral temperature, for evaluating a heat stress situation in an industrial plant is described. In contrast to evaluation of hot jobs by environmental measurements and subjective evaluation of metabolic rate, the technique used with the WBGT criteria, evaluation of heat strain by measurements of the individual's heart rate and oral temperature is simpler, less expensive, less restrictive and more protective. A description of the technique involved for an industrial job along with suggested heart rate recovery criteria are included. PMID- 7223636 TI - Blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin in lead industry workers. AB - A retrospective study was performed by evaluating the time course changes in blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin concentrations in 240 industrial lead workers. The data indicate that there is a considerable difference in rate of change and plateau state for each of the two parameters. The difference in time course in these parameters indicates that both should be monitored in workers in order to estimate the accumulation of lead and the metabolic response to the body burden. PMID- 7223637 TI - Exposures of human volunteers to a controlled atmospheric mixture of ozone, sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid. AB - Nineteen human volunteers with normal pulmonary function and no history of asthma were exposed on two separate days to clean air and to an atmospheric mixture containing ozone (O3), 0.37 ppm, sulfur dioxide (SO2), 0.37 ppm, and sulfuric acid aerosol (B2SO4), 100 micrograms/m3. Subjects were exposed under carefully controlled conditions for two hours. During this period, the subjects alternately exercised for 15 minutes, at a level calculated to double minute ventilation, and rested for 15 minutes. The experimental goal was to determine whether the presence of the copollutants, H2SO4 and SO2, would significantly enhance the irritant potential of ozone, or cause decrements in pulmonary function on the order of 10 - 20 percent. Statistical analysis of the group averaged data suggested that the mixture may have been slightly more irritating to the subjects than was O3 alone. A large percentage of the subjects exhibited small decrements in pulmonary function. The group averaged FEV1.0 (forced expiratory volume in one second) on the exposure day was depressed 3.7 percent from the control value. One might expect O3 alone to depress FEV1.0 by about 2.8 percent under similar exposure conditions. PMID- 7223638 TI - Pulmonary function status of workers exposed to hardwood or pine dust. AB - Wood dusts may have substantial health impacts beyond those of nuisance dust. This project reports results linking pulmonary function changes with exposure to maple and pine dust. A cross-sectional survey of 1157 woodworkers was conducted in 1978 in accordance with NHLBI standards for respiratory epidemiologic surveys. Area dust levels were determined, permitting definition of groups exposed to estimated high, medium or low cumulative levels of dry hardwood or softwood dust. Prevalence of reduced (lower fifth percentile of normal) pulmonary function was ascertained, using prediction equations, for Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and Maximal Mid-expiratory Flow Rate (MMEFR). Relationships between pulmonary impairment and dust exposure were examined, adjusting for smoking status by means of the log odds ratio method. The results support an association between dry hardwood or softwood dust exposure and reduced pulmonary flow rates. The odds ratios for reduced pulmonary function, comparing low and high hardwood (maple) dust exposure, were 3.12 for FEV1/FVC and 2.14 for MMEFR. Comparing low and medium hardwood exposure, the odds ratios were 2.61 for FEV1/FVC and MMEFR. Comparison of low and high softwood (pine) dust exposure yielded odds ratios of 4.03 for FEV1/FVC and 2.45 for MMEFR. The ratios noted are significant at p less than .05. PMID- 7223639 TI - Noisy leisure time activities in teenage boys. AB - An increasing incidence of a high tone hearing loss in teenagers has been demonstrated in recent years. The hearing loss is sensorineural, and looks like an early noise-induced hearing loss with a dip at 6 kHz. It has been discussed whether this is due to noisy leisure time activities or to heredity. Five hundred thirty-eight boys from technical vocational schools were questioned with regard to leisure time activities. Hearing tests showed a normal mean audiogram with a marked dip at 6 kHz. Fifteen percent of the boys showed some hearing loss; more than 20 db HL on one frequency. Many teenagers had noisy leisure time activities, particularly related to pop music. No correlations could be found between hearing loss and the leisure time activities. The only marked correlation was for hearing loss at 4, 6 and 8 kHz on the left ear and a family history of hearing loss. We argue that heredity deficiency could reveal itself as an increased noise sensitivity with a resultant early noise-induced hearing loss at a young age. Much more attention should be devoted to the noisy activities of teenagers. PMID- 7223640 TI - Measurement of lung-retained contaminants in vivo among workers exposed to metal aerosols. AB - In Finland the amount of lung-retained contaminants has been measured among welders, foundry workers, and iron and steel factory workers. About 300 subjects have so far been measured since 1976. The method of measuring is based on the magnetic properties of metal aerosols. At the very beginning the method resembled the one suggested by D. Cohen. The original method was too slow, and data processing was not suitable for clinical or hygienic work. Therefore, the automatic and computerized instrument for measuring lung-retained contaminants was developed in cooperation with Outokumpu Oy. The resolution of the magnetic measurement is better than 0.05 nT corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.5 mg of magnetic contaminants in the lung in the form of magnetite. These figures mean that, in practice, a shipyard welder has enough contamination for measurement after one month's exposure. In addition, the present paper reviews the magnetic properties of metal aerosols briefly and summarizes the results of measuring different occupational groups. PMID- 7223642 TI - Size definitions for particle sampling: recommendations of ad hoc working group appointed by Committee TC 146 of the International Standards Organization. PMID- 7223641 TI - Health hazard alert--benzidine-, o-tolidine-, and o-dianisidine-based dyes DHHS (NIOSH) publication No. 81-106. AB - Recent data from animal tests, case reports, and other sources about the carcinogenic effects and metabolism of benzidine-, o-tolidine-, and o-dianisidine based dyes have come to the attention of OSHA and NIOSH. Both agencies have reviewed the data and concluded that the findings establish the potential of these dyes to cause cancer in humans. OSHA and NIOSH conclude that persons working with these dyes should be aware of the potential health hazards that could result from excessive exposure to them. The intent of this document is to summarize the information available on the carcinogenic effects and metabolism of benzidine-, o-tolidine-, and 0-dianisidine-based dyes and to provide guidance so that employers, employees, and physicians may work together to reduce potential health hazards that could result from excessive exposure to these dyes. PMID- 7223643 TI - Biological variability of regional deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract. AB - Regional deposition of inhaled particles was studied experimentally for 9 health subjects breathing the same aerosol under the same breathing conditions in order to evaluate intersubject variability of regional deposition. A great intersubject variability of extrathoracic, tracheobronchial and alveolar deposition was found. The highest one was observed for particle deposition in the extrathoracic airways. This biological variability of regional deposition has to be taken into account for considerations of health related aspects of aerosol inhalation. PMID- 7223645 TI - Left ventricular regional wall motion and velocity of shortening in chronic mitral and aortic regurgitation. AB - Left ventricular regional wall motion (percent systolic shortening) and velocity of shortening were studied in patients with heart failure due to chronic volume overloads of mitral and aortic regurgitation. Biplane left ventriculograms were analyzed by computer and divided into four regions: anterior, inferior, posterolateral and septal. The study patients included 12 normal subjects; 21 patients with aortic regurgitation (10 asymptomatic and 11 with congestive heart failure); and 11 patients with mitral regurgitation (4 asymptomatic and 7 with congestive heart failure). No patient had coronary artery disease. With heart failure, ejection fraction was decreased (p less than 0.05) in both aortic and mitral regurgitation (normal 62 +/- 3 percent [mean +/- standard error of the mean], aortic regurgitation 48 +/- 3 and mitral regurgitation 51 +/- 5). In mitral regurgitation with heart failure, the percent segment shortening in anterior (normal 42 +/- 2, mitral regurgitation 27 +/- 5) and posterolateral (normal 23 +/- 3, mitral regurgitation 16 +/- 4) regions was significantly decreased (p less than 0.05), whereas this value in the inferior (normal 32 +/- 2, mitral regurgitation 28 +/- 6) and septal (normal 46 +/- 4, mitral regurgitation 47 +/- 5) regions was normal. In aortic regurgitation with heart failure, anterior (27 +/- 2), inferior (17 +/- 3) and septal (5 +/- 1) segment shortening was significantly decreased, whereas posterolateral segment shortening was significantly decreased, whereas posterolateral segment shortening was normal (24 +/- 3). In both groups with heart failure, mean shortening velocity showed regional variations similar to those of percent shortening, whereas peak instantaneous shortening velocity was not reduced in mitral regurgitation compared with normal values. In the asymptomatic group, shortening and mean shortening velocity were normal, whereas peak instantaneous shortening velocity was increased in mitral regurgitation. In aortic and mitral regurgitation with decreased left ventricular function demonstrated by a reduced ejection fraction, there are regional wall motion abnormalities that are not caused by coronary disease. PMID- 7223644 TI - Modeling carbon monoxide uptake during work. AB - Acute carbon monoxide poisoning is the result of a diminished capacity of the blood to transport oxygen and sustain a level of metabolic activity. The diminished capacity is expressed in terms of the carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level in the blood which is dependent upon the concentration of CO in the inhaled air. The rate of CO uptake or elimination is dependent upon the concentration of CO in the air as well as pulmonary diffusion capacity and alveolar ventilation which change with different metabolic rates. Coburn, Forster and Kane (CFK) developed a mathematical model to describe the uptake and elimination kinetics of CO in sedentary individuals. The CFK model was used in a mathematical simulation of CO uptake and elimination where the independent variables were inhaled CO concentration and metabolic rate. The metabolic rate was used to specify pulmonary diffusing capacity and alveolar ventilation. As the level of COHb increased the metabolic rate was decreased to a level compatible with the impaired oxygen transport. A physical fatigue limit was also included. The theoretical model was used to simulate conditions beyond the range of exposures permissible under experimental laboratory conditions. PMID- 7223646 TI - Predicting the extent and location of coronary artery disease during the early postinfarction period by quantitative thallium-201 scintigraphy. AB - The ability of quantitative thallium-201 scintigraphy to predict the extent and location of coronary artery disease before hospital discharge after acute myocardial infarction was evaluated in 52 patients. All patients underwent coronary angiography and serial thallium-201 imaging either at rest (10 patients) or after submaximal exercise stress (42 patients; target heart rate 120 beats/min). Two or three vessel disease was designated if abnormal thallium-201 uptake or washout patterns, or both, were seen in two or three vascular segments, respectively. Of 156 vessels analyzed in the 52 patients, 91 stenoses of 70 percent or greater were found by angiography. Seventy-four (81 percent) of these were predicted by scintigraphy. The specificity of scintigraphy for identifying vessel stenoses was 92 percent. Sensitivity for detecting and localizing stenoses supplying an infarct zone was 96 percent compared with 62 percent for stenoses supplying myocardium remote from the acute infarct. Perfusion abnormalities were more frequently seen in the distribution of vessels with severe (90 percent or greater) stenoses than in those with moderate (70 to 90 percent) stenoses (87 versus 53 percent, p less than 0.01). Scintigraphy detected a greater proportion of left anterior descending and right coronary arterial stenoses than circumflex stenoses (91 and 87 versus 63 percent, respectively, p less than 0.006). In the 42 patients who underwent submaximal exercise testing, multivariate analysis of 23 clinical and laboratory variables identified multiple thallium-201 defects as the best predictor of multivessel disease. The predictive accuracy of exercise induced S-T segment depression was only 45 percent compared with 88 percent (p less than 0.05) for thallium-201 scintigraphy. Thus, 2 weeks after myocardial infarction, exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy is useful for predicting the extent and location of coronary artery disease, particularly stenoses in the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries. Moreover, thallium-201 imaging at rest is reliable in assessing the extent of coronary disease in hospitalized patients who cannot undergo exercise testing because of unstable angina, uncompensated heart failure, poorly controlled arrhythmias or physical limitations. PMID- 7223647 TI - Detection and quantification of acute, isolated myocardial infarction by two dimensional echocardiography. AB - Ninety consecutive patients with acute, isolated myocardial infarction were evaluated with two dimensional echocardiography. Satisfactory echocardiograms were obtained in 66 patients (73 percent). All patients were studied 2 to 12 hours after the onset of symptoms. Sixty patients had additional studies at 48 and 72 hours. Long axis views were obtained at the base, body and apex of the left ventricle. Five short axis views of the left ventricle were obtained at different levels from the cardiac base to the apex. The individual short axis views, corrected for the end-diastolic internal diameter of the left ventricle, were divided into equal segments and the area of asynergy in each view was estimated. Infarct localization was similar on electrocardiography and echocardiography in 62 of 66 patients. In two dimensional echocardiography in one patient. The results of an echocardiographic study in one patient were false negative. During the study period the individual asynergic area remained stable. The initial asynergic area correlated well (r = 0.87, p less than 0.01) with the peak value of the isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), which occurred hours later. Thus, two dimensional echocardiography is a reliable method to localize and quantify, early after the onset of symptoms, the eventual extent of myocardial involvement in patients with acute, isolated infarction. PMID- 7223648 TI - Effects of diastolic synchronized retroperfusion on regional coronary blood flow in experimental myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7223650 TI - Effect of quinidine on positive inotropic action of digoxin. AB - To determine whether digoxin-quinidine interaction alters the inotropic effect of the glycoside, the response of peak isometric force and maximal rate of force development (dF/dt) in isolated feline right ventricular papillary muscles to digoxin and quinidine alone, and in various combinations, was examined. The administration of 1.3 or 2.6 x 10(-5) M of quinidine after 2 x 10(-7) M of digoxin resulted in an increase in contractile performance in each animal. Although 1.3 x 10(-5) M of quinidine alone produced a positive inotropic effect, 2.6 x 10(-5) M of quinidine produced no such effect. Because myocardial digoxin content has been reported to decline after administration of quinidine these results suggest that the increase in contractile performance when quinidine was administered after digoxin is due to displacement of digoxin from less to more active myocardial sites. The administration of 2 or 4 x 10(-7) M of digoxin after 2.6 x 10(-5) M of quinidine resulted in a minimal increase in force and rate of force development. A similar inhibition of the inotropic effect of digoxin was found in rabbit papillary muscles pretreated with quinidine. Inhibition was not limited to digoxin because pretreatment of muscles with quinidine also inhibited the inotropic effect of acetylstrophanthidin. Thus, quinidine has diametrically opposite effects on digitalis-induced inotropy dependent on the sequence with which the drugs are administered. PMID- 7223649 TI - Relation between ionized calcium concentration and ventricular pump performance in the dog under hemodynamically controlled conditions. AB - The effect of plasma ionized calcium concentration on left ventricular function was studied in the canine heart on right heart bypass. Stroke volume, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were controlled. Plasma ionized calcium was lowered to 0.58 +/- 0.01 mM by citrate infusion and raised to 1.70 +/- 0.01 mM by calcium chloride infusion in random order in each dog. Left ventricular function at each of these ionized calcium levels was compared with that in an immediately preceding normocalcemic period. At a constant stroke work (16.9 +/- 0.2 g-m), sustained hypercalcemia was associated with a small decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (1.7 +/- 0.7 cm H2O, p less than 0.05) despite a marked increase in peak left ventricular dP/dt (first derivative of ventricular pressure) averaging 34 percent (p less than 0.001). Coronary blood flow, tension time index and myocardial oxygen consumption were not significantly altered. Stroke work determined at a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 14 cm H2O, by interpolation in left ventricular function curves, was 11 +/- 4.4 percent above that at control normocalcemia (p less than 0.05). At a constant stroke work (16.9 +/- 0.2 g-m), sustained hypocalcemia was associated with a marked depression of left ventricular function as demonstrated by a substantial increase (from 4.9 +/- 0.3 to 12.7 +/- 1.1 cm H2O, p less than 0.0001) in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (p less than 0.0001), decreased mean systolic ejection rate (p less than 0.01) and decreased peak left ventricular dP/dt (p less than 0.0001). Coronary blood flow increased (p less than 0.05) whereas myocardial oxygen consumption did not change significantly. A marked displacement of left ventricular function curves to the right (compared with curves obtained during normocalcemia) was observed, and stroke work determined at a left ventricular end diastolic pressure of 14 cm H2O was 52 +/- 5.4 percent below control level (p less than 0.001). It appears that hypercalcemia, when initiated from a normal control level, provides only a small enhancement of ventricular pump performance (as indexed by the stroke work-left ventricular end-diastolic pressure relation) despite a marked increase in peak left ventricular dP/dt, whereas marked improvement of left ventricular performance may be expected when calcium infusion is initiated from an ionized calcium level that is below normal. PMID- 7223652 TI - Direct measurement of cardiac output by gated equilibrium blood pool scintigraphy: validation of scintigraphic volume measurements by a nongeometric technique. AB - A nongeometric technique for the determination of left ventricular volumes from the count data derived from gated equilibrium blood pool scans was previously described and validated by the demonstration of an excellent correlation between the derived data and angiographically determined left ventricular volumes. To provide a further prospective evaluation of this method and to validate its ability to determine stroke volume and cardiac output by a technique that is itself independent of geometric assumptions, simultaneous measurements of cardiac output by the thermodilution technique and gated scintigraphy were performed in 21 patients without valve regurgitation or intracardiac shunts. To substantiate the reliability of scintigraphic measurements at high levels of cardiac output, seven patients had multiple measurements of cardiac output at rest and during an infusion of isoproterenol. There was an excellent correlation between thermodilution and scintigraphic values for cardiac output (scan cardiac output = 0.99 thermodilution cardiac output - 0.005 liters/min; n = 31, standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 0.175 liters/min, r = 0.97) as well as between thermodilution and scintigraphic stroke volumes (scan stroke volume = 1.03 thermodilution stroke volume - 2.8 ml; n = 31, SEE = 2.5 ml, r = 0.95). In addition, the relation between scintigraphic and angiographic measurements of left ventricular volumes continued to be excellent: In 15 patients with technically adequate angiograms, scintigraphic left ventricular volume = 0.90 angiographic left ventricular volume + 7 ml (n = 30, SEE = 10 ml, r = 0.91). Thus, this study further validates the nongeometric method of measuring left ventricular volumes with gated scintigraphy and demonstrates its ability to measure left ventricular stroke volume and cardiac output reliably. PMID- 7223651 TI - Detection of cardiomyopathic changes induced by doxorubicin based on quantitative analysis of ultrasonic backscatter. AB - Ultrasonic measurements are valuable in characterizing cardiac dimensions and structure. Recently, analysis of ultrasonic properties of tissue has proved useful in detecting morphologic changes such as those accompanying myocardial infarction. This study was undertaken to determine whether acoustic properties of tissue can be utilized to detect cardiomyopathic changes as well. Cardiomyopathy was induced by prolonged administration of doxorubicin (Adriamycin) (1.2 mg/kg twice weekly) in 25 rabbits and results were compared with those in normal control rabbits, housed identically. The 15 surviving treated animals were killed at selected intervals to 10 to 18 weeks after initiation of drug administration and the hearts were analyzed for collagen content based on hydroxyproline. Regional ultrasonic backscatter was assessed with a frequency-averaging procedure to minimize effects of phase cancellation and with an independent method employing spectral display over the frequency range of 1 to 11 megahertz from which an index of backscatter at a single frequency (2.25 megahertz) could be calculated. In hearts from treated animals, collagen content was significantly increased (p less than 0.05). Integrated ultrasonic backscatter was markedly increased (by more than 500 percent, that is, equivalent to 7 decibels) in fibrotic regions and significantly, although less markedly, in myopathic regions without marked collagen deposition. Thus, increased backscatter correlated with collagen deposition. Backscatter at 2.25 megahertz was significantly increased (by more than 500 percent, that is, equivalent to 7 decibels) in fibrotic regions. These results indicate that alterations in acoustic properties occur in cardiomyopathic tissue and that such alterations can be detected with the use of reflected ultrasound. Accordingly, assessment of integrated backscatter offers a promising approach for early clinical detection and characterization of evolution of cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin or of other causes. PMID- 7223653 TI - Reproducibility of left ventricular internal dimensions with M mode echocardiography: effects of heart size, body position and transducer angulation. AB - Analysis was made of the variables of heart size, body position and transducer angle affecting the reproducibility of left ventricular internal dimensions as measured with M mode echocardiography. Echocardiograms were recorded in 24 subjects as the thorax was incrementally rotated and tilted. Transducer angle was noted from a three plane level attached to the probe. Constants were the technician, transducer placement and the interpreter. Heart rates varied insignificantly; respirations were held. Groups A and B were defined by their initial left ventricular internal dimensions at end-diastole (LVIDd): 49 +/- 5.9 and 73 +/- 8.6 mm (group mean +/- standard deviation). With body position constant the measurement error between duplicate recordings of LVIDd was +/- 1.2 mm (coefficient of variation = 1.8 percent) in Group A and +/- 4.5 mm (coefficient of variation = 4.6 percent) in Group B (p less than 0.001). Transducer angle varied 12 degrees between duplicate recordings in both groups. As the position of the thorax changed, the transducer followed, maintaining approximately the same incline with the chest wall. In both groups errors for combined LVIDd recorded with rotation and tilt, respectively, were unchanged from the duplication error. Thus, when the spatial orientation between the transducer and heart is held constant, it is the size of the heart that determines the reproducibility of the measurement of left ventricular internal dimensions. PMID- 7223656 TI - Ventricular tachycardia in children. AB - Thirty-eight patients aged 1 to 20 years (mean 11.2) were evaluated because of recurrent ventricular tachycardia. The follow-up period ranged from 0.5 to 12 years (mean 6). The patients were separated into two groups according to the presence or absence of known structural heart disease. Seventeen of the 21 patients with known heart disease were symptomatic (cardiac arrest in 5, syncope in 5, dizziness in 7) compared with only 6 of the 17 patients without heart disease (syncope in 3 and dizziness in 3) (p less than 0.01). All symptomatic patients had ventricular tachycardia with rates of more than 150 beats/min, whereas all but one of the asymptomatic patients had rates of less than 150 beats/min (p less than 0.01). Graded treadmill exercise testing was performed in 21 of the 38 patients. Exercise increased the degree of ventricular arrhythmia in 8 of the 11 symptomatic patients but decreased or abolished the arrhythmia in 9 of the 10 asymptomatic patients (p less than 0.01). Antiarrhythmic therapy was used in 28 of the 38 patients. Effectiveness of therapy was assessed with both 24 hour Holter monitoring and graded treadmill exercise testing. Therapy effectively abolished ventricular tachycardia and greatly decreased the number of premature ventricular complexes in the symptomatic patients but was less effective in the asymptomatic patients. Thus, this study suggests that the presence of underlying heart disease, the rate of ventricular tachycardia and the results of graded treadmill exercise tests are important in predicting the prognosis of children with ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7223654 TI - Comparison of the results and reproducibility of arm and leg exercise tests in men with angina pectoris. AB - The results and reproducibility of arm and leg exercise tests were compared in 11 men with angina pectoris induced by both forms of testing. Leg testing was performed using a bicycle ergometer; arm testing was performed using the same apparatus modified to permit arm cranking. Subjects performed 2 days of arm and 2 days of leg testing over a 2 week period. Four tests were performed on each test day. The duration of exercise, oxygen uptake, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the rate-pressure product were determined at the onset of angina. Within day and between product were determined at the onset of angina. Within day and between day coefficients of variation were low and similar for arm and leg tests, indicating that both forms of testing are highly reproducible. Performing four tests on a single day did little to reduce variability. Oxygen uptake increased between the first and second arm or leg test on a single day, but there was little change after the second test. Repetition of the arm and leg tests did not affect performance over the study period. It is concluded that the reproducibility of arm exercise testing in men with angina pectoris is comparable with that of leg exercise. Subjects with angina induced by arm exercise who cannot perform leg testing can be evaluated and followed up with arm exercise tests. PMID- 7223655 TI - Approximate normal standards of maximal cardiac output during upright exercise in women. AB - The observed normal ranges of age- and weight-adjusted maximal oxygen uptake and age-adjusted maximal heart rate during upright exercise using the Bruce protocol are shown for 104 asymptomatic women. Cardiac output was measured during upright exercise in 11 normal women with the use of the direct Fick method. On the basis of the relation between oxygen uptake and cardiac output in these 11 women, the cardiac output and stroke volume were estimated by regression in the 104 women to provide normal ranges of age-adjusted values for cardiac output and stroke volume. The potential usefulness of these age-adjusted normal ranges is illustrated by analysis of 21 observations of maximal cardiac output in 16 women with heart disease. PMID- 7223658 TI - Shortened platelet survival time and enhanced heart rate responses after abrupt withdrawal of propranolol from normal subjects. PMID- 7223657 TI - Left ventricle volume characteristics in children with tricuspid atresia before and after surgery. AB - Left ventricular volume variables (left ventricular end-diastolic volume, ejection fraction, mass and systolic output) were quantified in (1) 13 patients with tricuspid atresia preoperatively (type Ia, 3 patients; type Ib, 9 patients; type IIb, 1 patient), (2) 4 patients after a shunt procedure (Blalock-Taussig, 3; Glenn, 1), and (3) 1 patient after corrective surgery. Cardiac catheterization and angiography were performed at age 1 month to 5.8 years (mean 1.4 years). All patients had decreased pulmonary blood flow. The results were compared with data in 15 patients with no significantly greater than normal in 12 of the 13 patients. Left ventricular mass was significantly greater than normal, but ejection fraction was significantly less than normal. There was a positive correlation between ejection fraction and systemic oxygen saturation. Left ventricular systolic index was normal in 9 of the 13 patients preoperatively. After a shunt procedure, left ventricular end-diastolic volume and systolic index increased significantly in all four patients, and ejection fraction improved greatly in three of the four. After corrective surgery, left ventricular end diastolic volume and left ventricular systolic index returned to the normal range and left ventricular ejection fraction improved. These findings suggest that patients with tricuspid atresia have impaired left ventricular function. PMID- 7223660 TI - Symposium: future directions in exercise testing and exercise electrocardiography -I. Introduction. PMID- 7223659 TI - Slow release oxprenolol in angina pectoris: study comparing oxprenolol, once daily, with propranolol, four times daily. AB - Oxprenolol and propranolol are noncardioselective beta adrenoreceptor blocking agents known to be equally effective in the management of patients with angina pectoris. Both are usually prescribed four times daily. Slow release formulation of oxprenolol administered once daily has been shown to maintain therapeutic effects for 24 hours. In a double-blind crossover study in 23 patients with stable angina pectoris, the effects of 160 mg slow release oxprenolol, administered once daily for 1 month, were compared with those of 40 mg of propranolol given four times daily for a similar period. No adverse effects occurred when patients were switched between treatment schedules. The average number of anginal attacks experienced were 11/month during oxprenolol therapy and 8/month during propranolol therapy (difference not significant). The resting values for heart rate were higher 7 1/2 nd 24 hours after oxprenolol than they were 4 and 12 hours after propranolol (p less than 0.01). The treadmill walking time to the onset of angina and to the development of moderate angina 24 hours after oxprenolol was less than that observed 7 1/2 hours after the drug or 4 and 12 hours after propranolol (p less than 0.01). In contrast, the values for walking time to the onset of angina and to the development of moderate angina at 4 and 12 hours after propranolol were similar. This decreased exercise tolerance 24 hours after oxprenolol was associated with a lesser degree of beta adrenoreceptor blockade than that present after propranolol as documented by higher levels of heart rate (p less than 0.05), systolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05) and rate-pressure product (p less than 0.05) during exercise after oxprenolol therapy. It is concluded that in the doses used, slow release oxprenolol administered once daily does not exert as consistent a beneficial effect on exercise tolerance throughout the dosing schedule as does propranolol given four times daily. PMID- 7223661 TI - Progress in computer analysis of the exercise electrocardiogram. AB - The potential advantages of digital computer processing of exercise electrocardiographic data include reduction of noise, compression of data, improved precision and application of optimal criteria. Most prior approaches to such processing required equipment that was both expensive and inconvenient. With the revolution in instrumentation brought about by the development of microcomputers, powerful dedicated computers can now be afforded by many exercise laboratories. There are many approaches to computerized management of exercise electrocardiographic data and various criteria for ischemia. Studies are necessary to validate computer algorithms so that these devices can be used diagnostically to best advantage. Cardiologists need some understanding of this field so that they can be discriminating users of computer systems. In addition, the results of studies correlating electrocardiographic changes with radionuclide methods of assessing myocardial perfusion and function should enable such assessments to be made from the electrocardiographic signals alone, particularly when aided by computer analysis of spatial shifts. PMID- 7223662 TI - Evaluation of abnormal exercise electrocardiogram in apparently healthy subjects: labile repolarization (ST-T) abnormalities as a cause of false positive responses. PMID- 7223663 TI - Variations in normal electrocardiographic response to treadmill testing. AB - Forty healthy young men at low risk for coronary artery disease underwent progressive maximal treadmill testing. Four bipolar electrocardiographic leads including CM5, CC5, inferior-superior Y, anterior-posterior Z, and a standard V5 were recorded and later computer-processed. Measurements included amplitudes of the Q, R, S, J junction and T wave, R-T and Q-S intervals and S-T segment slope. These variables are presented as the 10th, 50th (median) and 90th percentiles throughout the testing procedure to define reference values for the electrocardiographic response to maximal treadmill testing. The medians are presented graphically so that the exercise-induced changes can be visualized. In addition, the percent change of R wave amplitude in V5 compared with the supine pretest value is displayed for each subject during and after testing. PMID- 7223664 TI - Computer quantitation of Q-T and terminal T wave (aT-eT) intervals during exercise: methodology and results in normal men. AB - Computer-quantitated measurements of the Q-T intervals, the Q-T/Q-Tc ratio (Q T/corrected Q-T) and the terminal T wave (apex to end of T [aT-eT] interval) were evaluated in resting and exercise electrocardiograms of 130 normal men with a mean age of 40 years. Pseudo-orthogonal, bipolar X, Y and Z axis leads were recorded during treadmill exercise testing, and 25 consecutive QRS-T complexes from standing rest and three exercise stages were computer-averaged. The Q-T intervals, Q-T/Q-Tc ratio and aT-eT interval measurements were then computed in the X and Z axis leads only, because the Y lead proved to be too noisy for accurate interpretation. A correlation coefficient of 0.9830 resulted between measurements made manually from the plotted, composite QRS-T complexes and those made by computer. No significant differences , in the paired sense, were found between any of the measurements. Measurements made on the Z axis lead; however, the differences in the measurements remained constant across all stages of exercise. A Q-T/Q-Tc ratio of greater than 1.08, previously reported to be a reliable indicator of coronary disease, was observed in the majority of our normal subjects during exercise. Although the Q-T interval is substantially influenced by many factors, the aT-eT interval proved not to be age- or heart rate-dependent. It appears that the aT-eT interval can be measured with a high degree of reliability during exercise and it may prove to be a relatively specific indicator of repolarization alterations that occur with myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7223666 TI - Coronary spasm and coronary artery disease. PMID- 7223665 TI - Termination of circus movement tachycardia utilizing an accessory atrioventricular pathway by retrograde concealed penetration of the atrioventricular node through the bundle branch system. A mechanism of tachycardia termination in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - A 30 year old woman with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome underwent electrophysiologic study for investigation of circus movement tachycardia utilizing the accessory pathway for retrograde conduction. The accessory pathway was located on the right side. Episodes of circus movement tachycardia with left and right bundle branch block were induced. Some episodes of circus movement tachycardia with left bundle branch block terminated spontaneously. Two episodes of spontaneous termination at the level of the atrioventricular (A-V) node were preceded by prolongation of the H-V interval causing delay in atrial activation. This delayed atrial cycle was then followed paradoxically by spontaneous termination of the tachycardia in the A-V node. A similar phenomenon could be demonstrated reproducibly with single echo beats induced by coronary sinus extrastimuli. It appears that retrograde concealed penetration of the A-V node through the bundle branch system during anterograde left bundle branch block is the most likely mechanism for this phenomenon. PMID- 7223667 TI - Exercise-induced S-T elevation, coronary artery disease and variant angina. PMID- 7223668 TI - The courts and informed consent. PMID- 7223669 TI - Cardiac catheterization and echocardiography in infective endocarditis. PMID- 7223670 TI - Vasopressors and cardiac rupture. PMID- 7223671 TI - Early changes in left ventricular size and function after correction of left ventricular volume overload. PMID- 7223672 TI - Glomerular architectural changes after a two-hour infusion of norepinephrine. AB - Alterations in glomerular architecture have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of several models of acute renal failure. In this study, mongrel dogs were subjected to an intrarenal infusion of norepinephrine for 2 hours. Light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to describe glomerular architecture 2 days after the initial norepinephrine infusion. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was used to quantitate the percentage of "abnormal areas" in glomerular capillary-loop morphology in both norepinephrine-infused kidneys and the contralateral control kidneys. Alterations in glomerular structure in these experiments appeared to be much less extensive than previously reported. A variable amount of glomerular pedical shape simplification was seen, which involved about 15% of the capillary loop. Quantitative evaluation revealed abnormal morphology of 15.2% +/- 0.6% of the glomerular capillary loop in the norepinephrine-infused kidneys, compared to 2.9% +/- 0.4 abnormal loop structure in the contralateral control kidneys (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that alterations in glomerular structure are not extensive in this model. PMID- 7223673 TI - Surface interaction in vitro between Sertoli cells and germ cells at different stages of spermatogenesis. AB - The presence of surface-recognition mechanisms between somatic and germ cells of the seminiferous epithelium has been studied in the rat by an assay in vitro based on the ability of homogeneous populations of spermatogenic cells, at specific differentiative stages, to adhere to monolayers of cultured Sertoli cells. The results show that germ cells adhere specifically to Sertoli cells and that the adhesion is dependent on the differentiative stage of the germ cells. Pachytene spermatocytes show the highest ability to adhere and form typical junctional specializations with the underlying Sertoli cells, while round spermatids adhere much less to the substrate. The possible regulative role of a somatic cell-germ interaction is discussed. PMID- 7223674 TI - Morphometric study of endomyocardium and epimyocardium of the left ventricle in adult dogs. AB - Quantitative light- and electron-microscopic data are reported for the endomyocardium and epimyocardium of the left ventricle in adult dogs. The endomyocardium has a markedly lower capillary density, and larger myocyte cross sectional area, than the epimyocardium. The sarcolemmal-surface/cell-volume ratio is significantly less in endocardial myocytes. No regional differences were found with regard to capillary diameter, interstitial space volume, or volume percent occupied by blood vessels and myocytes. Likewise, there are no differences in proportions of cardiac cell volume occupied by myofibrils (57%), mitochondria (25%), nuclei (1.5%), T tubes (1.2%), and sarcoplasmic reticulum (2.0%). The ratios of surface areas of T tubes and SR to their respective volumes and to cell volumes do not vary with transmural location. The regional differences and similarities are discussed in relation to general problems of blood flow in the heart and cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 7223675 TI - The surface morphology of embryonic and adult chick lens-fiber cells. AB - The surface morphology of lens fibers in embryonic and adult chicken lenses has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. As the elongating epithelial cells enter into a state of terminal differentiation they elaborate a number of cellular processes interconnecting neighboring fibers. The interlocking devices take the shapes of balls on a short stalk, tonguelike flaps, and fingerlike processes that fit into complementarily shaped sockets, imprints, and fingerprints, respectively, of adjoining fibers. Gap junctions comprising more than 50% of the fiber-cell membrane may serve as ultrastructural interlocking devices. The interlocking devices and gap junctions are probably necessary to maintain fiber order--a critical requirement for lens transparency. With increase maturation, the uniform morphology of the fibers and their interlocking devices is lost. The highly repetitive ordered alignment of young uniformly shaped fiber cells acts to minimize large-particle scatter. The results of this study show a progressive loss of uniform shape and order in chicken fibers of advanced maturity. This phenomenon of lens development may be the basis for the increase in light scattering seen in aged lenses of other species such as man. PMID- 7223676 TI - Primary cilia of the corneal endothelium. AB - A primary cilium is a normal component of every rabbit corneal endothelial cell, rather than being a rare or sporadic organelle, as previously believed. In common with other cilia of this type it possesses an axonemal organization of 9 +0 which converts distally to 8 + 1; it occurs only one per cell; and the basal body is accompanied by a proximal centriole. Additional structures associated with the basal body are nine transitional fibers, four striated satellite arms, and several rootlets. Ladderlike structures extend between the two centrioles to form the wall of a barrel. Reexamination of primary cilia from other tissues indicates that the ultrastructure of endothelial cilia may be characteristic of primary cilia in general. PMID- 7223677 TI - Transport across endodermal cells of the chick yolk sac during early stages of development. AB - The endoderm of the chick yolk sac mediates the transfer of materials from the yolk mass to the embryonic circulation. There is little evidence of endocytotic activity in the area pellucida, but the endodermal cells of the area vasculosa possess many microvilli and bristle-coated pits and vesicles, as well as a canalicular system and vacuoles in the apical cytoplasm. Three tracers, horseradish peroxidase, ferritin, and latex spheres, were injected beneath the endoderm of both cultured embryos and embryos in ovo to study the pathway of uptake of extracellular materials. All tracers were sequestered in bristle-coated pits (200-500 nm in diameter) of the endodermal cells of the area vasculosa, but not those in the area pellucida. Both horseradish peroxidase and latex spheres (and probably ferritin) were incorporated into pleomorphic intracellular yolk drops through bristle-coated pits and vesicles, and then into apical vacuoles, which fuse with the intracellular yolk drops. Horseradish peroxidase and ferritin were also found within apical canaliculi. The apical junctions between endodermal cells prevented the intercellular passage of the tracers. A "topping-up" hypothesis is opposed whereby endodermal cells of the area vasculosa continually sequester extracellular yolk material, which is incorporated into a digesting intracellular yolk drop while, at the same time, digested yolk products are being transported across the vascular pole of the endoderm to the extraembryonic circulation and thence to the embryo. PMID- 7223678 TI - Development of the outflow tract and closure of the interventricular septum in the normal human heart. AB - The majority of congenital heart malformations in humans involve defects in the atrioventricular valves, the crest of the interventricular septum, and/or the outflow tract, but the position and timing of these structures during cardiac development is controversial. We examined all 622 staged, serially sectioned normal human embryos and fetuses in the Carnegie Embryological Collection, and obtained a statistical tabulation of the appearance of the endocardial cushion components and surrounding structures for 382 embryos in good condition between stages 9 and 23 inclusive, when the heart normally develops. Accurately scaled drawings of ventral and lateral views of the hearts of seven embryos from stage 13 through 22 were prepared from graphic reconstructions in order to visualize the relationships of the structures under consideration. We found that development of the outflow tract septum follows the apparent functional separation of both the left and right ventricles and the blood streams leaving them. Elevations of the endocardial cushion material are continuous throughout the outflow tract and develop as a consequence of the elliptical configuration imposed on the circular cross section of the outflow tract. The membranous interventricular septum is formed of cushion material in the space bounded by the outflow tract septum, interventricular septum, and the fused AV cushion and right outflow tract cushion. The results of this study are consistent with the assertion that functional separation of the aortic and pulmonary outflow tracts precedes anatomic septation, and that anatomic septation is brought about by mechanical modeling of developing myocardium and endocardial cushion material. PMID- 7223679 TI - Structural response of adult rat Sertoli cells to peritubular fibroblasts in vitro. AB - Sertoli cells were harvested from sexually mature rats and maintained in vitro for up to ten days (Sertoli cell-enriched cultures) or co-cultured with rat peritubular fibroblasts. Cultures were examined by differential light microscopy and by scanning or transmission electron microscopy. The presence of peritubular fibroblasts in co-culture greatly enhanced plating efficiency and viability of adult Sertoli cells. Sertoli cell aggregates preferentially adhered to peritubular cells, and by ten days had flattened and spread across these cells. Sertoli cells retained their characteristic ultrastructural features. Early in co culture a collagen-like extracellular material was seen bridging Sertoli and peritubular cells, and its appearance was coincident with the presence of swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum in peritubular cells. Interperitubular cell spaces became engorged with a fibrillar material morphologically similar to the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule wall. In the absence of peritubular cells, in culture medium "conditioned" by prior incubation with peritubular cells but not containing them, or when cultured with other fibroblastic cells, plating efficiency was low; Sertoli cells never flattened and cell ultrastructure progressively degenerated. The results indicated that peritubular cells support adult Sertoli cells in culture, possibly via extracellular material derived from peritubular cells, and suggest that Sertoli cells have an inductive effect on peritubular cell secretory activity. PMID- 7223680 TI - Workshop on nutrition of the child: maternal nutritional status and fetal outcome. Proceedings of a conference sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture and the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development. PMID- 7223681 TI - Assessment of nutritional status of mother, fetus, and newborn. PMID- 7223682 TI - Nutrient requirements during pregnancy--I. PMID- 7223683 TI - Nutrient requirements during pregnancy--II. PMID- 7223684 TI - Assessment of nutritional status in pregnancy--I. PMID- 7223685 TI - Assessment of nutritional status in pregnancy--II. PMID- 7223687 TI - Methods for determining nutrient requirements in pregnancy--II. PMID- 7223686 TI - Methods for determining nutrient requirement in pregnancy--I. AB - There are several methods for evaluating nutritional requirements. Under appropriate circumstances, all can provide useful information. The most precise methods are those in which subjects live under controlled conditions. None of the methods is foolproof. The cost increases with the degree of control. Therefore, less expensive, less precise methods, may be appropriate for preliminary studies. If preliminary findings are positive, more carefully controlled studies should be done to obtain definitive information. PMID- 7223688 TI - Maternal nutrition and fetal outcome. PMID- 7223689 TI - Nutritional/nonnutritional interactions that affect the outcome of pregnancy. PMID- 7223690 TI - Placental factors and fetal nutrition. PMID- 7223691 TI - Placental factors conditioning fetal nutrition and development. PMID- 7223692 TI - Maternal nutrition and fetal growth. PMID- 7223693 TI - Influence of maternal nutritional factors affecting birthweight. PMID- 7223694 TI - Prenatal nutrition, birthweight, and psychological development: an overview of experiments, quasi-experiments, and natural experiments in the past decade. PMID- 7223695 TI - Measurement of variables: data quality control. PMID- 7223696 TI - Nutritional supplementation, maternal education, and cognitive development of infants at risk of malnutrition. AB - Infants born to families at risk of malnutrition were studied prospectively from the beginning of the 3rd trimester of the mother's pregnancy until the child reached 3 yr of age to ascertain the effects of nutritional supplementation and/or a maternal education program on their cognitive development. Four hundred thirty-three families were assigned randomly to six groups: group A served as a control; group B received the supplement from the age of 6 months to 3 yr; group C received the supplement during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and the first 6 months of the child's life; and group D received the supplement throughout the entire study period. In addition, group A1 was enrolled in a maternal education program but received no nutritional supplement and group B1 received both treatments. The Griffiths test of infant development was administered at 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age, and the Corman-Escalona Einstein scale was administered at each age up to 18 months. Children who received food supplementation performed better than those who did not, especially on subtests that were primarily motoric. The effect of food supplementation on behavior appeared to be contemporaneous. In addition, the treatment effects were more pronounced for girls than for boys in this sample. Although these interventions reduced the gap in cognitive performance between lower and upper socioeconomic classes, a disparity nevertheless remained by the end of the study. PMID- 7223697 TI - Sudden death associated with very low calorie weight reduction regimens. AB - We studied the cases of 17 individuals who died suddenly of ventricular arrhythmia after prolonged use (median 5 months) of very low calorie weight reduction regimens consisting entirely or largely of protein. The deaths appeared to be independent of type of medical supervision received during the diet, daily dosage of potassium supplementation, and biological quality of the protein product used. Factors common to all cases were marked obesity at the onset of dieting, prolonged use of extremely low calorie diets (approximately 300 to 400 kcal daily), and significant and rapid weight loss. Our review of available electrocardiograms and pathological specimens revealed a pattern of cardiac changes previously described in starvation. We conclude that use of very low calorie weight reduction regimens should be curtailed until further studies determine what modifications, if any, can insure their safety. PMID- 7223698 TI - Some biochemical indices of nutrition in treated cystic fibrosis patients. AB - Postprandial levels of copper, ceruloplasmin, iron, total iron binding capacity, cholesterol, vitamin A, carotene, folic acid, vitamin C, albumin, and total globulins in plasma, of 25-OH-vitamin D in serum, and of glutathione reductase activity, an index of riboflavin status, in erythrocytes were determined in a group of 18 juvenile cystic fibrosis patients receiving specialized outpatient care with attention to diet, vitamin supplementation, and pancreatic enzyme replacement. Bone mineralization was assessed by radiographic and photon beam technique. In the plasma of cystic fibrosis patients, levels were elevated for copper, ceruloplasmin, total globins, and total proteins and were depressed for iron, vitamin D, vitamin A, carotene, and albumin. Cortical thickness was diminished in the patients, but bone density was not. For patients with cystic fibrosis, a relation was established between forced vital capacity and certain biochemical indices in plasma. As forced vital capacity decreased, plasma levels increased for copper, total globulins and total proteins and decreased for albumin. PMID- 7223699 TI - Studies on the bioavailability of zinc in humans: effects of heme and nonheme iron on the absorption of zinc. AB - The change in the concentration of plasma zinc after oral administration of zinc was used as the index of zinc absorption in the study of the interaction of zinc and iron in the human intestine. With zinc sulfate as the source of inorganic zinc, and ferrous sulfate as the source of nonheme iron, a ratio of Fe/Zn of 1:1 slightly inhibited zinc absorption while Fe/Zn ratio of 2:1 and 3:1 substantially inhibited zinc uptake. No effect on zinc absorption was observed, however, when heme iron, as heme chloride, was ingested in a 3:1 Fe/Zn ratio with inorganic zinc. Atlantic oysters providing about 54 mg of zinc were consumed with or without 100 mg of ferrous iron; Fe/Zn ratio was 2:1. With this "organic" form of zinc, iron did not significantly affect zinc absorption. The evidence for competitive interaction of zinc and iron was strongest with nonheme iron and inorganic zinc. Thus, the possibility that intrinsic iron in formulas for feeding infants and in vitamin-mineral supplement might inhibit the absorption of zinc justifies concern about the Fe/Zn ratio in the formulation of these products. PMID- 7223700 TI - The effects of vitamin A-deficient diets containing lactose in producing bladder calculi and tumors in rats. AB - This report describes studies in which diets have been developed which when fed to rats commonly result in the formation of primary urinary bladder calculi. The bladder walls of most of these rats but not those without urinary stones were grossly hypertrophied. Microscopic examinations in one of the studies indicated that about a quarter of the bladders containing stones showed histological changes consistent with those characterized as grade I to II transitional cell carcinomas. In all cases animals showing these histological abnormalities consumed vitamin A-deficient diets in which the carbohydrate was supplied mostly by lactose. PMID- 7223702 TI - Remanent effect of some dietary regimens on the establishment of two Clostridium strains in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice. AB - Axenic mice and rats fed different diets were associated only with two strains of Clostridium. The first one identified as Clostridium perenne was isolated from the fecal dominant flora of an adult rat. The second one belonging to the group I of Clostridium was isolated from the dominant flora of the feces from a piglet. Both strains were capable of becoming established in the digestive tract of animals fed dietary regimens called "permissive", while they did not become established in animals fed "nonpermissive" diets. However, when these bacterial strains had become established in animals fed a permissive diet, they persisted in the dominant flora even if the permissive diet was replaced by the nonpermissive one. This phenomenon was called remanent effect of the diet. It disappeared after 103 days for C. perenne, but not for the other Clostridium strain. This effect was not due to a selection of a genetic variant from the original strain or to a durable change in some characteristics of the host-animal associated with the bacterial strain. PMID- 7223703 TI - Blood pressure of Qash'qai pastoral nomads in Iran in relation to culture, diet, and body form. AB - Blood pressure, diet, urinary electrolyte excretion, and body form were studied in 264 traditional nomadic herdsmen of the Qash'qai tribe, southern Iran. The population sample included male and female members over 14 yr of age at six winter campsites. Interviews established biological age, any experience of nonnomadic living, and 24-h dietary recall. Height, weight, triceps skinfolds, and blood pressure were measured. Overnight urine samples were analyzed for sodium, potassium, and creatinine. Samples of dietary staples were analyzed for selected nutrients and electrolyte content. Urinary sodium excretion averaged 186 mEq/24 h in males, and 141 mEq/24 h in females. Urinary Na/K ratios were 3.64 and 3.24 in males and females, respectively. Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in both males and females increased significantly with age. Blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 was found in 12% of males and 18% of females age 30 yr or over. Body weight showed no tendency to increase with age in either sex. Systolic and mean blood pressure correlated with urinary sodium excretion in males and with urinary Na/K ratio in females. From cultural observations, the population sample was considered to be at a low level of acculturation. The data suggest that blood pressure trends in this population are related to habitual dietary electrolyte intake. PMID- 7223701 TI - Lymphatic absorption of shellfish sterols and their effects on cholesterol absorption. AB - Studies have been conducted on the absorbability of individual sterols from a mixture of oyster sterols when administered intragastrically to rats with indwelling catheters in the left thoracic duct. In addition, the effect of oyster sterols on cholesterol absorption has been assessed using [4-14C] cholesterol in the mixture, and comparison against absorption of cholesterol alone. The order of absorbability (percentage absorption) of individual sterols from the mixture of oyster sterols was: cholesterol greater than or equal to 26-carbon sterols greater than or equal to dehydrocholesterol greater than 24-methylene cholesterol greater than brassicasterol greater than plant sterols. The absorption of noncholesterol sterols was 8.2 +/- 0.8% of the fed dose, or less than half of that for an equivalent level of cholesterol alone. The presence of these sterols in mixtures containing cholesterol reduced lymphatic absorption of cholesterol by 25 to 40% compared to absorption of the same amount of cholesterol administered alone, or to an amount of cholesterol equal to the total oyster sterols, respectively. These studies suggest that shellfish sterols are poorly absorbed, and, like plant sterols, effectively reduce dietary and/or endogenous cholesterol absorption from the intestine. PMID- 7223704 TI - Determinants of growth among poor children: nutrient intake-achieved growth relationships. AB - Seven-day individual weighed dietary intakes and anthropometric measurements were determined in 123 children, 2 to 19 yr of age, from 26 poor families in Lima: each included one child who had been malnourished, six were adopting families. Heights and weights were converted to "ages" based on Boston reference data and local data, then to "quotients" as percentages of actual ages. Mineral and vitamin intakes were expressed as amounts per day and per 1000 kcal, calories and protein as percentages of FAO/WHO recommendations for age and height age and of modified recommendations based on size of Peruvian children. Regression analyses identified common sources of nutrients and greater dependence of intakes on body size than on age. Analysis of covariance for sex identified different nutrient growth correlations. Polynomial regression analysis identified percentage protein from animal sources and percentage fat calories as having significant quadratic as well as linear correlations with achieved growth. In males, multiple regression analysis identified percentage protein from animal sources and beta carotene intakes as strongly associated with achieved height and weight, and percentage fat calories as strongly associated with weight quotient/height quotient ratios. In females the correlations were not as strong, possibly because a significant percentage had reached the menarche some time before the survey and were probably no longer growing. Nevertheless, calorie intake, as a percentage of the recommendation for height age, was prominent in the regressions for height quotient and percentage fat calories in that for weight quotient. The very strong association of animal protein intake with male height, despite seemingly generous total protein intakes, is difficult to reconcile with current recommendations. The possible role of vitamin A (as beta-carotene) has potentially important implications for food policies. PMID- 7223705 TI - Determinants of growth among poor children: relation of nutrient intakes to expenditure for food. AB - The growth status and the nutrient intakes of 123 children from 26 urban poor families in Peru were related to per capita expenditure for food. Children from six better off families were taller and heavier (p less than 0.001), with no difference in weight for height. They had significantly higher calorie and total protein intakes (as percentage of recommended) and higher intakes of animal protein, fat, calcium, carotene, riboflavin, and vitamin C. When macronutrient intakes were expressed as percentages of recommended calorie intakes, correcting for age and relative size, all of the increase in total protein intake was due to animal protein, vegetable protein remaining constant. Almost all of the increase in adequacy of total calories was due to increasing fat intakes, relatively much less to carbohydrate, and this only among the poor families. In this population, as more money becomes available to purchase food, there is an increase in animal protein and fat intakes, over an almost constant vegetable protein and carbohydrate intake. There is a simultaneous increase in consumption of fruits and vegetables, accounting for increases in the carotene and vitamin C intakes. PMID- 7223706 TI - Determinants of growth among poor children: effect of expenditure for food on nutrient sources. AB - The effect of increasing expenditure on the nature and the amounts of foods consumed by children from an urban population was estimated by studying the diets of 111 children from 20 typically poor families and those of 12 children from six economically better off families who had a much more satisfactory growth status. Total calories and protein, fat, and carbohydrate calories were expressed as a fraction of each individual's estimated energy requirement, thus adjusting for sex, age, and size. No important sex differences were found. Calorie intake was 87.2 +/- 17.3% and 111.4 +/- 18.1% of requirement for the two groups, respectively. Differences were found between the groups in protein calories which were totally due to milk and meat. Differences in fat calories were due to milk, meat, and separated fats. There was no significant difference between groups in total carbohydrate calories, although there were shifts in its components with increasing expenditure. Regression analysis of calorie adequacies as a function of per capita expenditure for food, both in the poorer group and in the combined population, were performed and yielded highly significant (p less than 0.001) results. These were due to significant gradual increases in the consumption of milk, meat, separated fats, fruits and vegetables on top of an almost constant consumption of the staple cereals, roots and tubers. PMID- 7223707 TI - Food eating patterns and health: a reexamination of the Ten-State and HANES I surveys. AB - Dietary, clinical, and biochemical data from the Ten-State Nutrition Survey (1968 to 1970) and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (1971 to 1974), have been reexamined by factor analysis to focus attention on eating patterns as a means of relating food intake to health. The seven statistically different eating patterns generated were characterized by disproportionate consumption of different food groups. The relationship between the combination of foods that people ate and the state of their nutritional health was examined for both samples in total, and for various age, sex, race, region, and income groups within the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I sample. Significantly different associations between the seven eating patterns and the absence of clinical symptoms and biochemical deficiencies were found. Some eating patterns consistently stood out as being significantly better or worse in this regard (p less than 0.05). This food eating pattern model should prove useful for 1) examining the association between food consumption and the incidence of disease states, such as obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and periodontal disease for various large scale dietary-health surveys, 2) establishing food regulatory policies, 3) setting national dietary goals, and 4) educating the public on nutrition and health issues. PMID- 7223709 TI - Ascorbic acid pool. PMID- 7223710 TI - Relationship between serum zinc and copper and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7223708 TI - Measurement of 68Zn and 70Zn in human blood in reference to the study of zinc metabolism. AB - A method based on radiochemical neutron activation analysis has been developed for measurement of the stable isotopes 68Zn and 70Zn in human plasma and red cells. The method has been applied to measure the extent of 70Zn enrichment in plasma samples from four healthy adult volunteers who had each consumed a single 3.2 mg dose of 70ZnCl2 in fasting state. It is shown that measurements of 70Zn/68Zn ratio in plasma and red cell sample sizes of 2 ml can be made with precisions of 10% or less depending on the degree of enrichment achieved. The limiting factor in the precision of these measurements appears to be related to the counting statistics of the 386 kev photopeak (71mZn) which improves with increased enrichment. Clinical feasibility trials on these subjects with regard to plasma and red cell 70Zn enrichment have been carried out over a 24-h postadministration period. The results are consistent with kinetic studies reported in literature with radiozinc, and show that this method can be used to study kinetics of plasma appearance of 70Zn after oral administration of the isotope under physiological intake conditions. The present results further indicate that under these experimental conditions, enrichment of red cells can be measured after 24 h or longer postadministration periods, but short-term measurements yield marginal results. This new method provides an alternative approach to the use of radiolabeled zinc for the study of human zinc metabolism and appearance of isotopic zinc in plasma after oral administration under physiological intake conditions. It can be applied to all human population groups as a noninvasive and safe method which does not require safety considerations arising from human use of radiotracers. However, its application is both more expensive and limited in terms of sample throughput as compared with the radiotracer technique. PMID- 7223711 TI - Weight gain in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7223712 TI - Surgery, irradiation, and metabolic control of brain tumors. PMID- 7223714 TI - Inaugural address. Decade of dedication. PMID- 7223713 TI - Trans fatty acids in West German margarines, shortenings, and frying and cooking fats. PMID- 7223715 TI - Consultation in the coagulation laboratory. A conceptual analysis. AB - Physicians can play an important role as consultants in the utilization of laboratory data by providing interpretation, recommending action, and presenting rationale. These activities have been quantitated in 382 consecutive consultations provided by pathologists in the coagulation laboratory, and their statistical interrelationships have been analyzed. Quantitative characterization of the consultation is important, since the pathologist's professional role in patient care may no longer remain informal and undocumented. However, analogous evaluations can be applied to expose, evaluate, and improve the properties of clinical consultation in general. PMID- 7223718 TI - Undetected IgM paraproteins on serum protein electrophoresis. AB - Sera from three patients initially evaluated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis demonstrated apparent application "artifacts." On agarose gel electrophoresis, each had a definite paraprotein "spike." The immunoglobulin classes of the paraproteins were determined by immunoelectrophoresis, with and without reduction by dithiothreitol. The immunoglobulin class was confirmed by immunofixation electrophoresis on agarose gel. All three abnormal immunoglobulins were IgM-kappa type paraproteins. Agarose electrophoresis with immunofixation was superior in the identification of these paraproteins compared with the standard method of cellulose acetate electrophoresis coupled with immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7223716 TI - Separation of bilirubin from hemoglobin by recording derivative spectrophotometry. AB - Recording derivative spectrophotometry is a technic for resolving overlapping absorbance curves by enhancing small changes in those curves. The derivative (slope) is a function sensitive to rapid changes in the curve and will amplify those regions while damping out slowly changing portions of curves. The method presented relies on a mathematical analysis of the composite absorption curve formed by bilirubin and hemoglobin. Data confirming the usefulness of this technic for reliably and quantitatively separating these two substances in aqueous solution are presented. Recording derivative spectrophotometry may be useful for analyzing amniotic fluid, urine, or other biologic fluids. PMID- 7223717 TI - Selective transient suppression of globin chain synthesis by blood transfusions in beta-thalassemia. AB - Thalassemias are characterized by an imbalance in globin chain synthesis. When patients having beta-thalassemia major are given transfusions, globin synthesis is transiently suppressed, particularly the alpha chains. This results in a relatively improved alpha/beta ration that may erroneously be interpreted as indicating stimulation of beta chain synthesis. PMID- 7223719 TI - Mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor. A gonadal tumor distinct from gonadoblastoma. AB - A mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor and a gonadoblastoma were examined by light and electron microscopy. The mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor occurred in a normal adult male, father of two children, whereas the gonadoblastoma arose in a dysgenetic gonad of a phenotypic female. The light microscopic appearance of the gonadoblastoma was distinctive for its organoid arrangement of sex cord cells and germ cells and its pattern of secondary alterations resultings in mulberry areas of hyalinization and calcification. The ultrastructural features of the sex cord stromal cells were similar in both lesions; however, the germ cells of the mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor were distinctive for the presence of true intercellular bridges. This finding suggested primary spermatogenic differentiation. It was concluded that the mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor was clinically and pathologically distinct from the more widely recognized gonadoblastoma. PMID- 7223720 TI - Ameloblastoma of the maxilla with distant metastases and hypercalcemia. AB - A case of metastatic ameloblastoma of the maxilla with secondary hypercalcemia in a 54-year-old man is presented. After treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the patient was found to have multiple metastases and severe hypercalcemia associated with high levels of parathormone-like substance in the peripheral blood. At autopsy he was found to have widespread metastases and nephrocalcinosis. PMID- 7223721 TI - The ocular pigmentary disturbance of human Chediak-Higashi syndrome. A comparative light- and electron-microscopic study and review of the literature. AB - The ultrastructure of the ocular pigment abnormality of human Chediak-Higashi syndrome is described. The presence of giant abnormal melanosomes, probably the end result of the fusion of smaller abnormal organelles, was the most striking pathologic finding. This defect involved both optic cup and neural crest-derived melanocytes; the former were affected more severely. Giant lysosome-like organelles were also observed. PMID- 7223722 TI - Infantile pulmonary hypertension associated with foreign body vasculitis. AB - An infant dying with pulmonary hypertension had a pulmonary vessel foreign body vasculitis as identified by light microscopy and characterized ultrastructurally by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. The inclusions were of two distinct types: those containing silicon and titanium, and others consisting of talc. The possible sources of these inclusions and the importance of considering foreign body vasculitis in the pathogenesis of clinically idiopathic pulmonary hypertension are discussed. PMID- 7223723 TI - Hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-Kell undetectable in low-ionic strength solutions. AB - Low-ionic-strength solution (LISS) reagents and methodologies have become popular in recent years in hospital transfusion service laboratories for alloantibody detection and compatibility testing of blood recipients. It has been the experience with all other hemagglutination technics that some examples of alloantibodies unpredictably fail to react. Such is the case with this patient's alloantibody with respect to LISS. The patient had a significant hemolytic transfusion reaction due to Kell incompatibility of one unit of packed human erythrocytes. Using various LISS reagents and methodologies, the anti-Kell was undetectable in pretransfusion and posttransfusion samples through the fifth day. The anti-Kell was of immunoglobulin class IgG, and it was detected in saline solution or albumin at room temperature, at 37 C and by the antiglobulin technic. PMID- 7223724 TI - Corynebacterium diphtheriae septicemia. AB - This report describes the case of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in whom septicemia caused by a nontoxigenic strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae developed. Numerous abscesses were present in sections of liver and spleen taken at autopsy. The case is discussed, and the literature on infections caused by organisms of the genus Corynebacterium is briefly reviewed. PMID- 7223725 TI - Media-dependent subculture of nutritionally variant streptococci. AB - A case of infective endocarditis due to a strain of Streptococcus that demonstrated unusual nutritional requirements is reported. This strain was recognized as a nutritional variant because it could not be subcultured on certain routine primary plating and subculture media. The media-dependent recovery of this nutritionally variant Streptococcus is stressed, since media used routinely in some laboratories would result in this organism's being missed. Variability of routine media in supporting the growth of this isolate is also demonstrated. PMID- 7223726 TI - In praise of paradox: a social policy of empowerment over prevention. PMID- 7223728 TI - Multivariate data analysis for outcome studies. AB - The use of multivariate statistical techniques for analyzing the complex data often gathered in outcome studies is discussed. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is suggested for multiple group studies common to outcome studies. This technique can be utilized for a large number of specific research designs whenever multiple outcome measures are collected. MANOVA offers two specific advantages over more familiar univariate approaches: it presents better control over Type 1 error rates while preserving statistical power, and it allows more thorough analysis of complex data. PMID- 7223727 TI - Effects of population changes on psychological and physiological strain in kibbutz communities. AB - The present study was directed toward determining the health implications of population policies followed by collective rural communities (kibbutzim) in Israel. It was hypothesized that, controlling for kibbutz longevity, higher rates of out-migration and/or lower rates of in-migration and population growth are associated with subsequent increases in psychological and physiological strain among kibbutz members. The hypothesis was tested by interrelating different sets of data on kibbutz communities, collected at two research centers. Data were subjected to both individual and ecological correlational analyses. At both levels, inconsistent patterns of relationships between demographic characteristics and strain were obtained. The consistent cross-level findings which were significant were contradictory to our hypothesis. Our results suggest that while demographic changes do appear to have some impact on subsequent affective strain among kibbutz members, their detrimental effect is rather weak and is probably mediated by small-group processes, such as peer social support, and by the adequacy of the individual's coping resources. PMID- 7223729 TI - Success and failure in rehabilitation: the case of methadone maintenance. AB - This research addresses itself to two problematic aspects of methadone maintenance: definition and measure of success of methadone rehabilitation programs and the location and prediction of those features which characterize patients successfully rehabilitated by such programs. For the first time, this research used a differentiated criterion to evaluate success, utilizing five different measures for its evaluation: consumption of methadone, consumption of illicit drugs, group therapy attendance, crime rate, and employment patterns. At the same time, we have theoretically and empirically established that two distinct types of patients exist: the future-oriented and the past-oriented. This time orientation remains constant throughout the patient's stay on the program. Future-oriented patients met with a significantly greater degree of success in the program than past-oriented patients. PMID- 7223730 TI - Inferring causal relationships: elaboration of the criterion of "dose-response". PMID- 7223731 TI - The epidemiology of head injury: a prospective study of an entire community-San Diego County, California, 1978. AB - In 1978, a prospective study of all deaths from head injury and of all patients admitted to hospitals with a diagnosis of head injury was conducted in San Diego County, California. The overall incidence of head injury was nearly 0.3%; the highest rate was seen at ages 10-29 years. At all ages, head injury rates were higher in males than in females, and the death rate in males was 2.6 times that in females. The overall case fatality ratio was 7.5%, and 65% of all deaths occurred prior to hospitalization. Among those who survived to hospitalization, the case fatality ratio was less than 3%. Motor vehicle accidents caused 53% of all head injuries and 73% of all deaths. Although other causes of head injury showed seasonal variation, the frequency of motor vehicle head injuries did not vary by month. PMID- 7223732 TI - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among children and adults in the Solomon Islands. AB - A total of 593 inhabitants of Graciosa Bay, Santa Cruz, the Solomon Islands were tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs in 1974 and again in 1977. An additional 102 children born during this study period were tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs in 1977. Loss of HBsAg was observed in 20% of the 66 HBsAg-positive individuals identified in 1974 and retested in 1977. Conversely, acquisition of HBV infection, as documented by seroconversion on HBsAg or anti-HBs, was observed in 38% of the individuals identified as negative for all HBV markers in 1974. Acquisition of HBsAg was noted in 22 individuals, eight of whom were born after 1974. Acquisition of HBsAg was noted in 66 individuals, two of whom were born after 1974. Males and females acquired HBV infection at somewhat similar rates (42% vs. 34%), except between ages 15 and 29 years, when males were infected at a much higher rate (53%) than females (11%) (p = 0.008). Contact with a carrier appears to be the predominant mode of transmission of the virus. Acquisition of HBV by children and females was strongly correlated with the presence of an HBsAg positive individual among the household contacts. Adult males, on the other hand, tended to acquire HBV infections from sources outside their family or household setting. The relationship between the patterns of acquisition of HBV infection and the cultural practices in this Melanesian population is discussed. PMID- 7223733 TI - Factors relating to transmission of viral hepatitis in a United States military population stationed in Thailand. AB - To determine the incidence of clinical and inapparent hepatitis in a US military population stationed in Thailand, the authors prospectively studied a cohort of 326 men during one year. Clinical hepatitis A occurred in one man (clinical attack rate = 3.1/1000 men/year), and clinical hepatitis B was found in four men (clinical attack rate = 12.3/1000 men/year). No non-A, non-B hepatitis was identified. There was no serologically identified inapparent hepatitis A but inapparent hepatitis B occurred in 17 men. The apparent/inapparent ratio for hepatitis B was 1:4.25. Serotype analysis suggested that hepatitis B virus largely originated from Thai contacts, although 23% of cases were derived from western sources. To determine the relative contribution of 16 statistically significant (out of 67 studied) behavioral variables to the transmission of HBV, a factor analysis and a multivariate correlation analysis were employed. Factor analysis indicated that social and sexual contact with the indigenous population, including prostitutes, residence within the Thai community and marijuana use were behavioral areas that were associated with the acquisition of hepatitis B. Residence in the Thai community during the first four-month period in Thailand, sexual contact with a prostitute during the third four-month period, and ever having maintained a Thai mistress were found to be significant and independent risk factors by multiple regression analysis. PMID- 7223734 TI - A study of the proportions of swimmers among well controls and children with enterovirus-like illness shedding or not shedding an enterovirus. AB - CHildren between the ages of less than 1 year and 15 years who visited a pediatric clinic in Madison, Wisconsin, from June 13 through September 1, 1977, were surveyed for the frequency and location of swimming they had done in the two weeks prior to the clinic visit. The study population consisted of 679 well controls, and 296 children with enteroviral-like syndromes. Throat and rectal swab specimens were collected from 241 of the ill patients and from 27 well children. Non-polio enteroviruses were recovered from 119 ill and two well individuals. Other viruses were recovered from an additional 13 ill patients. The majority of viral-like syndromes were respiratory, with or without fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Exclusive beach swimmers had significantly (p less than 0.0005) increased relative risk (odds ratio estimate 3.41) of enterovirus illness. The highest relative risk (10.63) of enterovirus illness occurred in children less than 4 years old who were exclusive beach swimmers. Swimming in pools exclusively carried no significantly increased risk of enterovirus illness. Children with apparent viral illnesses based on clinical findings, who had no virus isolated, did not differ from well controls in the type of swimming exposure (either beaches or pools) in the two weeks prior to their clinic visit. PMID- 7223735 TI - Cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican Americans in Laredo, Texas. I. Prevalence of overweight and diabetes and distributions of serum lipids. AB - An epidemiologic survey of cardiovascular risk factors was carried out on a random sample of Mexican Americans living in two low income census tracts in Laredo, Texas. The prevalence of overweight was found to be intermediate between US national estimates and the rates recorded for Pima Indians. Similarly, the prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia was intermediate between the rates observed in a sample or predominantly Caucasian individuals and those observed in Pima Indians. Excess hyperglycemia in the Laredo Mexican American population compared to predominantly Caucasian populations does not appear to be due to a lower level of medical control of diabetes in the former. Rather, it probably reflects a true excess in the prevalence of diabetes. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were also higher in Laredo Mexican Americans than in a Caucasian comparison population. Mexican Americans are of mixed European and native American ancestry. Native Americans have high rates of diabetes which could be on a genetic basis. The intermediate rates of hyperglycemia in Mexican Americans could thus have a genetic explanation. On the other hand, sociocultural determinants could be important since these are known to influence obesity which is a major precursor of diabetes. PMID- 7223736 TI - Cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican Americans in Laredo, Texas. II. Prevalence and control of hypertension. AB - In recent years there has been a marked improvement in the level of hypertension control nationally in both blacks and whites. Information is still lacking, however, on the level of hypertension control in Mexican Americans. The authors carried out a cardiovascular risk factor survey on a random sample of Mexican Americans living in two low income census tracts in Laredo, Texas. The percentages of hypertensive women who had been previously diagnosed, were under treatment, and were "under control" compared favorably with national figures for blacks and whites. Corresponding percentages for men indicated that their level of diagnosis, treatment and "control" still lagged behind the national figures. The prevalence of hypertension in Laredo Project participants was intermediate between those observed in national studies for blacks and whites. This finding did not clearly emerge when comparisons were based on either blood pressure distributions or prevalence of elevated diastolic pressures. These results indicate that, because of the increasing number of "controlled" hypertensives in the population, comparisons between populations and across time can no longer be based exclusively on blood pressure measurements, but must include cases of "controlled" hypertension. PMID- 7223737 TI - Cigarette smoking and non-fatal myocardial infarction in women. AB - The relationship between smoking and the risk of hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (MI) was evaluated among 121,964 nurses and aged 30-55 years who resided in 11 of the larger US states and who responded to a mail questionnaire. Among 249 women who experienced an MI, 159 (64%) were smokers at the time of hospitalization. Of 4977 controls matched to the cases on the basis of age, 1850 (37%) were smoking at the corresponding time. Smokers experienced a three-fold increase in risk of MI relative to individuals who never smoked, which was not explained by history of hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol or familial MI. Women who had stopped smoking experienced a risk of MI no greater than women who had never smoked. PMID- 7223738 TI - The sudden infant death syndrome--reassessment of growth retardation in relation to maternal smoking and the hypoxia hypothesis. AB - Data from an earlier study on postnatal growth and the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by Peterson et al. (Am J Epidemiol 1974;99:389-94) were reanalyzed in light of new evidence on the effects of maternal smoking on prenatal and postnatal growth and on the relative risk of SIDS. The data set available for reanalysis consisted of weight and length (crown to heel) measurements at birth and autopsy for 155 babies diagnosed with SIDS in King County, Washington, in 1968-1971. The comparison group consisted of 270 contemporary living peers with weight and length data available. This reanalysis reveals that the retarded growth pattern of SIDS victims is remarkably similar to those of babies born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy. Known and suspected effects of maternal smoking on the fetus and neonate can account for increased susceptibility of death from a variety of causes, including SIDS. The association, if confirmed by further studies, could help clarify the pathogenesis of SIDS in victims with postmortem evidence of antemortem hypoxia with or without a history of periodic apnea. PMID- 7223739 TI - The relationship between birth weight, smoking during pregnancy and maternal weight gain. AB - To test the hypothesis that the lower birth weight of infants whose mothers smoke during pregnancy is mediated by lesser weight gain during pregnancy, the authors examined data from an original series consisting of 12,068 births in Northern Finland. Weight gain data were collected for every 10th case chosen by systematic sampling in such a way that every group of abnormal births was treated separately to assure correct representation in the sample. The weight gain of the smokers was 200 g less than that of the controls matched with them for age, parity, place or residence and marital status, but the difference in birth weight and placental weight accounted for about 85% of the total sample in order to quantify the separate and joint contributions to birth weight of smoking, maternal weight gain, pre-pregnant weight, height and duration of gestation. The effect of smoking alone was highly statistically significant in all models. Its effect was independent of weight gain, but when all the variables were introduced simultaneously, the effect was reduced to half. Another set of regression analyses were performed with weight gain as the dependent variable and the others as explanatory variables. The effect of smoking on weight gain was not statistically significant. The result was not affected by including parity in the explanatory variables. PMID- 7223740 TI - Age at onset of genetic diseases: an application for Sartwell's model of the distribution of incubation periods. AB - For diseases of well-defined genetic etiology and with onset after birth, the age at onset corresponds to the incubation period of the disease. The lognormal model, as used by Sartwell to study the distribution of incubation periods in infectious diseases (Am J Hyg 1950;51:310-8), was applied in this study to the distribution of the ages at onset of genetic diseases. The literature was reviewed for reports of genetic diseases having frequency distributions of ages at onset. Fourteen diseases with well-specified genetic etiology as well as nine other diseases where the contribution of the genetic component to the etiology is not well defined were studied. A graphic method as well as a goodness of fit test were applied to the different age at onset distributions to assess their conformity to the lognormal model. For most of the genetic diseases that have an underlying biochemical abnormality, the age at onset distributions approximated a logarithmic normal model. In seven series of cases of diseases with an established pattern of inheritance but with no defined biochemical abnormalities, only two showed a good fit to the lognormal model. For diseases with ill-defined genetic etiology or strong environmental influences, these distributions of the age at onset did not fit the lognormal model. In a multifactorial model for disease etiology, the present method may be used as a crude way for differentiating the relative importance of etiologic factors acting before and after birth. PMID- 7223741 TI - Estimating incidence from age-specific prevalence in glaucoma. AB - A simple method is presented to estimate incidence from age-specific prevalence data for diseases that are irreversible and do not affect mortality risk. The application of the model is illustrated with data on primary open angle glaucoma. PMID- 7223743 TI - Pharmacist involvement in institutional review of clinical trials. AB - The establishment of an institutional review committee (IRC) for investigational clinical trials in a large community hospital is reported. After the need for an IRC was identified, the pharmacy and therapeutics committee charged the director of pharmacy with drafting a protocol for establishing an IRC. Following a literature review, guidelines were written for the IRC in the form of a committee manual. These guidelines were approved, and composition of the nine-member committee was set as follows: three members of the trustee medical education and research committee, three members of the medical staff, one member each of the clergy staff and the pharmacy staff, and one nonaffiliated community representative. The IRC reviews, approves or denies, and supervises all proposed clinical investigations. Risk/benefit ratios, purpose, recruitment and selection procedures, financial support, and informed consent documents of the proposed study are among the factors considered in the approval process. Guidelines for written policies and procedures governing IRC structure and activities are presented. The involvement of the pharmacist in the establishment and subsequent functions of the committee is described. IRC membership is an opportunity for the pharmacist to work with other professionals in protecting the rights and welfare of human research subjects. PMID- 7223742 TI - National health policies under the Reagan Administration and the new Congress. AB - The projected impact of the recent U.S. elections on federal health-care policies and programs is discussed. The elections brought Ronald Reagan to the White House, Republican control to the Senate, and a conservative majority to the House of Representatives. The voters have thus produced a mandate for an end to government intervention as the solution to all the nation's ills. The new power base in Washington will increasingly turn to private industry for provision of health-related services. Costs under a privately based system will be controlled by competition, which is the basis for free enterprise. The nation is at a crossroads in health-care policy. An aging population is in need of more health services, while the government, faced with limited resources, has been moving toward rationing services. Costs must be held down in the short run by voluntary efforts; promoting increased competition provides long-range hope for cost control. Today's leaders should seize the opportunity offered by the new conservative focus of the federal government to shape a viable health-payment system for the future. PMID- 7223744 TI - Administrative audits of professional services: effective residency training experience. AB - The development of a structured method of providing administrative experience for hospital pharmacy residents, using internal audit techniques, is described. Residents were assigned topics to investigate in the administrative area of hospital pharmacy early during their two-year, academically affiliated residency. They were expected to review and evaluate the topic critically using internal audit techniques; written and oral reports were presented to the administrative staff. Residents were able to complete the audits while attending classes as part of their academic experience. As a result of performing the audits, residents have learned administrative skills in problem identification, assessed their personal competency by reviewing major components of contemporary practice, learned accepted standards of pharmacy practice, and developed skills in making improvements in conformity with quality assurance standards. This program has been incorporated as an integral part of the residency program. PMID- 7223745 TI - Clinical training of hospital pharmacy residents. AB - An 18-week clinical educational training segment of a hospital pharmacy residency is described. The segment begins with a one-week orientation series to clinical services. This is followed by a four-week block in the drug information center, where the resident participates in all areas of the center. Following this block, the resident begins a planned series of elective clinical rotations (two four week and one three-week elective rotations and a required two-week anesthesiology rotation). The clinical rotations are designed to provide training in all facets of the pharmaceutical care of hospitalized patients, with major emphasis on therapeutic management. The program's major objectives, instructional methods, activities and responsibilities, learning objectives, and evaluation methods are discussed. This training segment teaches residents how to integrate their knowledge of disease states and therapeutics into the provision of comprehensive pharmaceutical services. PMID- 7223746 TI - Pharmacist administration of intravenous medications in a pediatric service. AB - The establishment and operation of a pediatric intravenous medication administration program is described. A program was developed in which a team of pharmacists rotate between assignments in a pharmacy satellite providing unit dose distribution for 87 pediatric beds and an intravenous medication administration program serving a 15-bed pediatric isolation unit. Staffing patterns, pharmacy responsibilities, and a six-week training program for pharmacists are described. The i.v. medication administration program has been well received by nurses and physicians, and pediatric pharmacy personnel view themselves as functioning, productive members of the health care team. Audits indicate the pharmacy-controlled i.v. medication administration program has favorably affected patient care. PMID- 7223747 TI - Clinical utility of six methods of predicting phenytoin doses and plasma concentrations. AB - The usefulness of six reported methods of predicting phenytoin doses or plasma concentrations in epileptic patients is compared. Forty adult epileptic outpatients who were taking phenytoin sodium orally were followed prospectively for nine months; 16 met requirements for inclusion in the study. Six methods of predicting phenytoin dosage or plasma concentrations--one equation, two nomograms, and three graphs--were compared to actual phenytoin doses and corresponding steady-state serum levels. Criteria establishing good, high, and low predictions were specified for each method. No method produced consistently accurate results. Good dosage predictions occurred in 42-60% of the predictions with the six methods. Low predictions occurred in 0-50% of the estimates; 8-53% of the predictions were high. It is concluded that certain methods are clinically useful under some conditions if recommended cautions are observed. PMID- 7223749 TI - Phenytoin sodium solubility in three intravenous solutions. AB - The solubility of phenytoin sodium injection of two manufacturer's was studied in three intravenous fluids, 0.9% sodium chloride, lactated Ringer's, and four manufacturers 5% dextrose injections. Phenytoin sodium for injection was added to 250 ml of an intravenous fluid to give calculated initial concentrations of 0.40, 0.98, 2.38, and 4.55 mg/ml. The pH of each solution was determined before and after the addition of phenytoin. Visual examination and nephelometric measurements for crystals were performed at various times between 5 and 1440 minutes after mixing. Phenytoin concentration was determined by spectrophotometry at these times; nephelometric measurements were done on unfiltered samples. The concentration of phenytoin declined rapidly in all dextrose solutions but at different rates for each brand. A greater stability was demonstrated when phenytoin was diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride and lactated Ringer's injections. Mean concentrations in excess of 95% of initial concentration were maintained for eight hours in those fluids. The two brands of phenytoin sodium injection did not differ consistently with respect to solubility. Crystals were observed in all dextrose solutions; nephelometric measurements indicated crystals were present in all solutions. The pH of all solutions increased sharply upon addition of phenytoin sodium injection. It is concluded that 0.9% sodium chloride and lactated Ringer's injections are suitable diluents for the intravenous administration of phenytoin. Factors other than pH and cosolvent concentration may affect phenytoin stability in dextrose solutions. PMID- 7223748 TI - Rapid infusion of phenytoin sodium loading doses. AB - The use of rapid intravenous infusions of phenytoin sodium to achieve prompt plasma therapeutic concentrations of phenytoin was studied in adult epileptic patients. Six adult patients who experienced recent tonic-clonic seizures were selected for study. Four of them had not been treated with phenytoin before the study; two were on chronic phenytoin therapy but had subtherapeutic serum levels. A leading dose of phenytoin sodium (15 mg/kg in 100 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride injection) was infused at 30-50 mg/min. Blood samples were drawn before phenytoin administration, every five minutes during the infusion, and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours after completion of the infusion. Adverse effects were monitored during the infusion. Pharmacokinetic variables were calculated. Patients received from 750 to 1500 mg phenytoin sodium (mean +/- S.D. = 1040.8 +/- 297.3 mg). From 5 to 30 minutes were required to reach therapeutic (10-20 micrograms/ml) serum phenytoin concentrations; concentrations peaked at 31.1 +/- 10.0 micrograms/ml. Four of the six patients had therapeutic serum concentrations at 18 hours after completion of the infusion. Adverse effects were minimal and not severe; no cardiotoxicities were noted. Phenytoin half-life was 31.2 +/- 8.4 hours, total plasma clearance was 47.2 +/- 10.7 ml/kg/hr, and volume of distribution was 1.96 +/- 0.46 liters/kg. It is concluded that rapid intravenous infusion of phenytoin appears to be a reasonably safe and effective method of rapidly reaching therapeutic phenytoin concentrations. PMID- 7223750 TI - Stability of aqueous suspensions of disulfiram. AB - The stability of disulfiram in aqueous suspension is reported. Aqueous suspensions of disulfiram were prepared from bulk powder and from disulfiram tablets. Acacia and sodium benzoate were present in the suspension, the final concentration of which was 25 mg/ml disulfiram. Suspensions were stored in amber bottles under fluorescent light at 24 degrees C for 178 days (tablets) and 295 days (bulk powder). Samples were taken at various intervals during storage and assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a modified NF method. Both types of suspension were stable. Potency remained constant, and no new peaks appeared in the chromatograph. Physical integrity of the suspensions was maintained. The suspension made from tablets contained less foam and air than the one made from bulk powder; both types were easily dispersible. A degradation product of disulfiram, diethyldithiocarbamic acid, did not interfere with the assay. The HPLC assay method was more reproducible than the modified NF method. Aqueous suspensions of disulfiram are stable at room temperature for the indicated time periods, and the HPLC assay method for disulfiram is reproducible and accurate. PMID- 7223751 TI - Bioavailability of allopurinol oral and rectal dosage forms. AB - The bioavailability of allopurinol from orally administered tablets and rectally administered suppositories is reported. Two types of rectal suppositories (cocoa butter and polyethylene glycol) were compounded and contained 300 mg allopurinol (from oral tablets). Five healthy volunteers received 300 mg allopurinol orally from tablets or rectally from suppositories in a randomized, three-way crossover design. Serial blood samples were drawn for 72 hours following administration and were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography for allopurinol and its metabolite, oxipurinol. The interaction between allopurinol and PEG was studied in vitro using a dialysis method. Serum allopurinol levels following oral administration of tablets peaked at 1.5 +/- 0.23 microgram/ml at 5.20 +/- 0.65 hours. Allopurinol was not detectable after administration of cocoa butter/allopurinol suppositories; oxipurinol peaked at 0.34 +/- 0.14 microgram/ml at 13 +/- 11 hours. The bioavailability of allopurinol from the cocoa butter suppository, relative to the tablet, was 5.77 +/- 2.5%. Neither allopurinol nor oxipurinol was detectable (less than 0.1 microgram/ml) in the sera of persons following administration of PEG suppositories. Dialysis studies showed decreased loss of allopurinol from the dialysis sac as PEG concentration increased. The rectal suppositories of allopurinol used in this study did not appear to be an efficient means of administering this drug. PMID- 7223752 TI - Interpretation of research data: other multivariate methods. AB - Four techniques of multivariate data analysis are described: discriminant analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and multidimensional scaling. Objectives and applications, data requirements, mechanism of operation, methods of evaluation, and advantages and disadvantages of each method are covered. Multivariate methods are not substitutes for the researcher's use of proper study design. Investigators should try to avoid using a favorite or familiar technique across all research situations. PMID- 7223753 TI - Compatibility of amphotericin B with certain large-volume parenterals. PMID- 7223755 TI - Compatibility of various admixtures with secondary additives at Y-injection sites of intravenous administration sets. Part 2. PMID- 7223756 TI - From peer to supervisor: factors affecting a smooth transition. AB - An individual who is promoted to supervisor may experience new problems. His or her acceptance in a new role by former peers may depend on attitudes and interpersonal communication skills. This paper presents attitudes and interpersonal communication skills as being two major areas which can effect a smoother transition from peer to supervisor. PMID- 7223757 TI - Gravimetric determination of urine volumes. AB - A procedure for estimating urine volumes from urine weights is presented. Regression analysis was used to assess correlation between weight-volume errors. The urine weight was divided by 1.016, the mean urine specific gravity in our patient population. It was found that the gravimetric method gave results lower than the volume method by one percent or less. We conclude that this difference is acceptable for clinical purposes. The gravimetric procedure has the advantages of rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and safety. PMID- 7223754 TI - Compatibility of amphotericin B with drugs used to reduce adverse reactions. PMID- 7223758 TI - Transfusion strategy: use of HLA-matched platelet transfusions for alloimmunized patients. AB - Platelet concentrates from HLA-compatible donors frequently provide satisfactory posttransfusion platelet responses in patients who, for immunologic reasons, are refractory to pooled random-donor platelet transfusions. The use of donors who have HLA antigens "crossreactive" with those of the recipient has increased the number of donors available for individual patients. Occasionally, successful transfusions occur with donors mismatched for HLA. Immunologic explanations include a restricted pattern of HLA antibody production and a variable expression of HLA antigens on the platelet surface. Immunologic reasons for poor response to HLA-matched transfusions include ABO incompatibility, antibodies directed against platelet-specific antigens. HLA-Bw4/Bw6 incompatibility, and as yet undefined incompatibilites. The one-hour posttransfusion platelet count may be useful in identifying patients who are alloimmunized and have non-immunologic reasons for shortened platelet survival such as fever, sepsis, or a coagulopathy. Caution must be used in evaluating results of currently available platelet crossmatch tests. PMID- 7223759 TI - Dependability and interrater reliability of two types of rating scales. AB - The reliability of a behaviorally anchored rating scale and the reliability of a bare trait rating scale measuring the same categories of expected behavior of medical laboratory students were studied. Moderate to high interrater reliability was shown for both scales, with little difference between the two. Internal consistency measures and dependability coefficients were high. The implications of these results for student behavior rating scales are discussed. PMID- 7223760 TI - Pharmacokinetic concepts and applications affecting the clinical laboratory: I. General concepts and applications. AB - This article (the first in a series of two papers on pharmacokinetic concepts and applications for the clinical laboratory) presents a general review of pharmacokinetic principles used in conjunction with assays of drug plasma concentrations to assist in developing safer and more efficacious drug dosage regimens for patients. The pharmacokinetic factors influencing drug therapy are discussed, followed by a consideration of the indications for, and limitations of, using drug plasma concentrations as a guide to treatment. Drugs commonly assayed by the clinical laboratory are noted and applications are presented. PMID- 7223761 TI - Pharmacokinetic concepts and applications affecting the clinical laboratory: II. Applications for antibiotic and anticoagulant drugs. AB - This article reviews pharmacokinetic principles used in conjunction with laboratory data to optimize dosage regimens of two classes of particular interest to the clinical laboratory: antibiotic and anticoagulant agents. For antibiotics, information is presented on the growing application of pharmacokinetic concepts and laboratory participation in relating plasma drug level assays, tests of the minimum inhibitory concentration, and standardization of sensitivity tests to the design of improved dosage regimens. For anticoagulants, emphasis is placed on relating patient variability in pharmacokinetic properties to increasing laboratory involvement in monitoring therapeutic response. PMID- 7223762 TI - Case study: Diagnosis and therapy of bacterial osteomyelitis--role of the medical technologist and clinical pharmacist. PMID- 7223764 TI - Drug interference with laboratory value interpretation: A review. AB - In patients receiving medication, laboratory determinations can be adversely affected by drug-induced physiologic side effects and/or direct analytic interference by the drug or its metabolites. Drugs administered to alleviate an illness can induce physiologic abnormalities in one or more of the following systems: hepatic, hemostatic, renal, hematologic, pancreatic, muscular and osteal, with the result that correct diagnosis is obscured or proper monitoring is prevented. Drug interference can also occur directly in analytic laboratory assays, producing falsely elevated or decreased values. PMID- 7223765 TI - Case study: Drug interference in clinical chemistry. PMID- 7223763 TI - Case study: complications associated with anticoagulant therapy. AB - A 42 year old male with gram negative pneumonia complicated by deep venous thrombosis was followed throughout his hospital stay and for two weeks following discharge. The treatment course is divided into five treatment periods, each with accompanying commentary. Drug interactions and neutralizations as well as dietary factors contributed to a complicated course. Laboratory determinations were used to directly evaluate therapeutic anticoagulant effects, and dosage regimens were adjusted to achieve desired anticoagulant levels. PMID- 7223766 TI - Case study: Drug-induced hemolytic anemia. PMID- 7223767 TI - Academic affiliation of medical laboratory science and pharmacy programs: Advantages for growth and recognition. PMID- 7223768 TI - Ethanol--the social drug. PMID- 7223769 TI - The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act: a retrospective view. PMID- 7223770 TI - Evaluation of clinical laboratory instruments. Part I: Defining laboratory needs. AB - The purchase of a new laboratory instrument can be an exciting challenge for a laboratory director or supervisor. Those responsible for making purchase recommendations should be objective and thorough. The skill with which they discharge this responsibility may affect laboratory performance and employee morale for several years. This paper explores some of the important considerations in purchasing instruments and suggests an approach to vendors to obtain information needed in making decisions. PMID- 7223771 TI - Red cell distribution width in sickle cell anemia. AB - Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a new parameter, measured electronically on the Coulter Counter Model S-Plus. This new parameter measures the degree of anisocytosis, as compared to the average cell size calculated by the MCV parameter. In this study, comparison of RDW values between patients with anemia caused by sickle cell disease and patients with anemia of other causes were significantly different in an ANCOVA statistical analysis (F = 23.0 and p less than 0.001). RDW values greater than 13.0 (Coulter normal range 9.5-11.5) were found in 33 out of 40 patients with sickel cell anemia, whereas only 15 out of 40 patients with anemia of other causes had increased RDW. The RDW value was the only parameter that discriminated between the two groups--MCV and hemoglobin showing no significant difference. PMID- 7223772 TI - Free coagulase and thermostable nuclease reactions of staphylococci: a comparison. AB - Two-hundred-fifty-five staphylococcal isolates (clinical) were tested for both free coagulase (CGase) and thermostable nuclease (TNase) production. Two-hundred ten of the 255 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus when both strongly positive TNase and CGase reactions (human and rabbit plasma) were observed with these strains. Forty-five of the 255 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus species, other than S. aureus when either weakly positive TNase and CGase (rabbit plasma) reactions or negative TNase and CGase (rabbit and human plasma) reactions were observed. This experiment suggest that the identification of staphylococcal isolates as S. aureus can be based upon demonstration of both strongly positive TNase and CGase reactions. PMID- 7223773 TI - Trigger films for teaching in the affective domain. AB - An audio-visual tool for teaching in the affective domain was produced and utilized with clinical laboratory science students at Mercy College of Detroit. Videotape trigger films were employed to portray real-life laboratory situations. Each dramatization concludes without reaching a resolution. The purpose of the films was to trigger discussion concerning the resolution of the situation presented. The trigger films were received enthusiastically by the students. This instructional method provides an efficient means of stimulating discussion concerning the situations presented, as well as other related topics. The advantages of this approach to teaching in the affective domain are discussed. The paper also describes preparation of the scripts, directions and filming of the trigger film dramatization. Classroom utilization of trigger films and their adaptability to various student levels is described. PMID- 7223774 TI - Educating clinical laboratory scientists in the 1980s: some suggestions. AB - Projected changes in health care needs and delivery systems carry implications for clinical laboratory science education. Suggestions on how medical technology programs may produce graduates who will function better in future health care delivery systems are described. PMID- 7223775 TI - Mental retardation policy and research: the unfulfilled promise. AB - Although research on problems relating to mental retardation has received considerable public support over the past two decades, the impact on policy has not been particularly marked. Some of the reasons for this failure of research to influence the course of policy formulation were discussed. The nature of the process itself is such that research is secondary to economic, political, and social considerations. Furthermore, the research enterprise is fragmented and uncoordinated and is not oriented toward the needs of policy makers. Some suggestions were offered to improve the link between research and public policy in the field of mental retardation. PMID- 7223777 TI - Trends in maladaptive behavior of mentally retarded persons placed in community and institutional settings. AB - Changes in maladaptive behavior of retarded individuals referred and placed in institutional vs. community settings were examined. The results demonstrated that no significant time trend was present for either the institutional or community groups, regardless of clients' age and level of retardation. Placement, level of retardation, and age, however, were related to overall prevalence of maladaptive behavior among the individuals. PMID- 7223776 TI - A functional classification of seizures and its distribution in a mentally retarded population. AB - A functional classification of seizure impairment was described and its distribution examined in a population classified as mentally retarded in childhood and followed to age 22. Twenty-five percent of the sample had some history of seizures up to age 22. Seizure histories were found for 19 percent of these retarded persons in the preschool years and 13 percent in each period of early, late, and postschool years. A drop in minor seizure impairment occurred after age 5. A slightly higher frequency of seizure histories among males was found, largely due to subjects whose IQs were 50 to 59, where 44 percent of the males and 5 percent of the females had seizure histories. No significant association was found between degree of seizure impairment and severity of mental retardation. PMID- 7223778 TI - Community integration of mentally retarded adults: community placement and program success. AB - The extent of community and program success of 166 mentally retarded clients placed into a community-based program was evaluated over a 9-year period. Twenty predictor variables measuring institutional factors, client characteristics, training variables, and community characteristics were related to community or program success. Successful community placement was associated with sensorimotor and work skills, appropriate social-emotional behavior, gender, and family acceptance of community placement and involvement with the interdisciplinary team process. Program success was associated with language and psychomotor skills, education received prior to community placement, community and institution size, and family involvement. Sixteen percent of the clients were reinstitutionalized into either the state mental retardation facility or a mental health facility. Factors associated with successful placement and program progression were discussed as was a model for future deinstitutionalization research. PMID- 7223779 TI - Sensorimotor functioning and prelinguistic communication of severely and profoundly retarded individuals. AB - The prelinguistic, nonverbal communicative behavior of 40 institutionalized severely and profoundly retarded children and adolescents functioning at various stages of Piaget's sensorimotor period was examined. Five scales of the Uzgiris and Hunt (1975) sensorimotor assessment were used to determine general level of sensorimotor functioning. A standard set of communication elicitation tasks was employed to examine the gestures used to communicate in both imperative and declarative contexts. More competent sensorimotor performance was associated with higher frequency of more sophisticated and symbolic forms of gestural communication, and subjects generally used more complex gestures to communicate in the imperative than in the declarative tasks. Applicability of the results to the design of future language-intervention programs and their implications for general theory concerning the relations between language and cognition and between normal and atypical development were discussed. PMID- 7223780 TI - Intergroup contact and social outcomes for mainstreamed EMR adolescents. AB - The prediction of the contact hypothesis, that contact between nonretarded and EMR adolescents would result in the EMR adolescents being viewed as more competent, likeable, and socially acceptable, was examined. Subjects were 26 mainstreamed EMR adolescents. Likeability, competency, and acceptability scores were computed for each subject on the basis of responses by nonretarded (n = 382) and EMR classmates (n = 56) to a survey questionnaire. Intergroup contact did not significantly modify the attitudes of nonretarded classmates toward the EMR subjects, who were viewed as significantly more competent, likeable, and socially acceptable by EMR classmates in the special class than by nonretarded classmates in the mainstream class. PMID- 7223781 TI - Improving the identification of high-risk infants. AB - In previous works, information contained on standard U.S. birth certificates was linked to intelligence, academic achievement, and social adjustment in first grade for a statewide random sample. The present screening effort was concentrated on a sample that was already considered to be at high but still variable levels of risk. The families of the 52 black subjects were characterized by low levels of formal education, a fairly low level of maternal intelligence, and very low incomes. By focusing on a group at relatively high risk, we hoped to increase the precision and economy of early identification by using more process oriented information about the children's early development and environment. As the children attained 6 months of age, characteristics of the mother, the child, and the home were assessed. At 2 years of age, the children were given a Stanford Binet and divided into a nonretarded group (IQ greater than 85, n = 27) and a high-risk group (IQ less than 85, n = 25). We used a step-wise discriminant analysis to derive a predictor set consisting of mother's democratic attitudes, child's temperament, and the amount of time the child spent outside the home that allowed for the correct prediction of 75 percent of the children, with an overall miss rate of 20 percent and a false positive rate of 29.6 percent. PMID- 7223782 TI - Investigation of the norms and concurrent validity for the adaptive behavior inventory for children (ABIC). AB - The generalizability of norm and concurrent validity of the Adaptive Behavior Inventory for Children (ABIC) was investigated with samples of 482 first-, third , and fifth-grade children in Pima County, Arizona. The samples were stratified by sociocultural group (white, black, Hispanic, and Native American Papago). The published ABIC means based on samples of children from California were higher for two of the three groups (white and black samples). The ABIC means for Native American Papagos were significantly lower than both California and Arizona means for other groups. Little evidence of concurrent validity was found in an examination of correlations among the ABIC, standardized achievement test results (Metropolitan), teacher ratings of classroom performance, intelligence (WISC-R), and sociocultural measures. Caution in use of the ABIC in other regions and with other sociocultural groups was recommended. Implications of the results for the measurement of adaptive behavior, for the issue of bias in assessment, and for the diagnostic construct of mild mental retardation were discussed. PMID- 7223783 TI - Nonretarded and mentally retarded children's performance on a manual-control task with and without visual feedback. AB - Performance differences between 10 nonretarded and 10 retarded persons on a manual-control task were examined. More specifically, the focus was on possible relationships between the subjects' abilities to control their response forces and the focus of their attention. The subjects, who were closely matched for MA, were required to exert force on a transducer within a selected force bandwidth for 3 seconds to obtain a reinforcer. Results suggested that the ability to discriminate internal cues is related to IQ differences. PMID- 7223786 TI - Extrapolated developmental indices for the Bayley Scales of infant development. AB - Regression equations from the normative sample data of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development were derived and raw scores corresponding to Mental and Psychomotor Developmental Indices below 50 were computed. Extrapolated values are useful for estimating a child's present level of functioning, but because they are not based on empirical data, they should be considered estimates and used cautiously. PMID- 7223784 TI - Performance of mentally retarded and nonretarded persons on a lifted-weight task with strategies reduced or eliminated. AB - To test the hypothesis that a strategy deficit entirely accounts for retarded persons' inferior short-term memory performance, we attempted to eliminate strategies by selecting a task in which strategies would be difficult to use (memory for the position of a lifted weight) and by having subjects report the use of any strategy. In Experiment 1, discriminability among lifted weights was roughly equated for retarded and nonretarded subjects. Experiment 2 showed that for subjects not reporting use of a strategy, nonretarded subjects performed better than did retarded subjects. Use of a strategy improved the performance of nonretarded and retarded subjects by the same amount. In Experiment 3, a task was devised that made it nearly impossible to use the strategies that had been reported in Experiment 2. This increased the reported use of strategies in both groups, though strategies did not significantly improve performance. Thus, the report of strategies used in Experiments 2 and 3 was negatively related to their effectiveness. Findings of Experiment 2 and 3 suggest that a strategy deficit is not sufficient to account for the memory deficit displayed by retarded subjects. PMID- 7223785 TI - Effects of thioridazine (Mellaril) on titrating delayed matching-to-sample performance of mentally retarded adults. AB - The effects of thioridazine on the performance of a titrating delayed matching-to sample discrimination by four retarded adults was investigated. Trials began with the center of three response panels illuminated by one of three colors. The delay between depression of the center response panel and presentation of the two comparison stimuli on the side response panels varied according to the accuracy of the subjects' performance. The primary dependent variable was the limit of delay, defined as the longest delay at which the subject emitted four consecutive correct responses in a 30-minute session. The subjects' chronic doses of thioridazine were reduced systematically in a multiple baseline across-subjects design. For all of the subjects, the limit of delay increased after, and only after, reductions in the daily thioridazine dose had been implemented. Results indicated that the withdrawal of chronically administered thioridazine resulted in increased accuracy in a delayed matching-to-sample task, suggesting strongly that the drug impairs performance of this discrimination. PMID- 7223787 TI - A general measure of adaptive behavior. AB - A factor analysis was used to determine the extent to which multiple domain scores offer a more detailed view of adaptive and maladaptive behavior than do two general scores defined as simple sums. The general indices of adaptive and maladaptive behavior accounted for an overwhelming majority of the multiple domain score variance. This held true even when the range of ability was restricted. Since multiple indices of adaptive behavior offer little specific variance and create statistical problems, I concluded that adaptive behavior should be measured using a single general score. The same conclusion was reached with regard to maladaptive behavior. PMID- 7223789 TI - The relationship of cervical cytology to the incidence of invasive cervical cancer and mortality in Alameda County, California, 1960 to 1974. AB - Cervical cytology as an examination procedure is nearly ideal for discovering unsuspected cervical epithelial malignant changes. A large proportion of women is now being examined periodically with this procedure, and the question now is what effect has this had on the occurrence of invasive cervical cancer and deaths from this disease. Data are available on invasive cervical cancer and its mortality in Alameda County, California, for the 15 years, 1960-1974. Population survey data are available on the experience of women in the County with cervical cytology in 1962 and again in 1973-1974. All cases diagnosed in 1971-1975 were reviewed for a history of cytologic examinations in the 5 years prior to diagnosis. There has been a reduction of over 40% in the occurrence of invasive cervical cancer and mortality among white women in the 10 years 1960-1964 versus 1970-1974. There has been a lesser reduction in both among black women. Twenty-nine percent of women who developed invasive cervical cancer during 1970-1974 had a history of recent negative cytology. This finding indicates that not all invasive cervical cancers have a prolonged in situ stage. PMID- 7223788 TI - Birth weight, gestation, and the fetal growth curve. AB - Cross-sectional data on birth weight and gestational age at birth are commonly used to construct a longitudinal curve of fetal growth. There is no direct evidence that such a curve actually represents intrauterine growth. Nonetheless, this hypothesis of a "fetal growth curve" is well developed and widely accepted. This paper describes certain incongruities in the "fetal growth" interpretation of these curves which have not been previously discussed. An alternative approach to these curves which makes no assumptions about fetal growth is able to resolve these incongruities. It is concluded that the "fetal growth curve" hypothesis may be an impediment to a full understanding of the relation between birth weight and gestational age at birth. PMID- 7223790 TI - Low-density lipoprotein as a potential vehicle for chemotherapeutic agents and radionucleotides in the management of gynecologic neoplasms. AB - Cholesterol metabolism was studied in cells from two established gynecologic cancer cell lines which were maintained in monolayer cultures. The cell lines were derived and established from poorly differentiated epidermoid cervical carcinoma (EC-50) and endometrial adenocarcinoma (AC-258). The specific activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol de novo synthesis, in AC-258 cells (1,700 pmoles x mg-1 microsomal protein x min-1) was three times higher than that found in EC-50 cells (550 pmoles x mg-1 microsomal protein x min-1). However, epidermoid cervical cancer cells (EC-50) metabolized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the major transport vehicle for cholesterol in plasma, at a very high rate (14,000 ng x mg 1 cell protein x 6 hours). This rate is fifteen times greater than the rate observed in fetal adrenal tissue and fifty times greater than the rate observed in nonneoplastic gynecologic tissue, each in organ culture. Both cancer cells (EC 50 and AC-258) in monolayer culture were shown to have specific receptors for LDL. These cancer cells demonstrate no defect in LDL metabolism, and lysosomal degradation of LDL was blocked by chloroquine. From the results of studies of specific binding of LDL in tissues obtained from nude mice it was demonstrated that membrane fractions prepared from EC-50 cells, after propagation in the mice, contained fifteen to thirty times more specific binding capacity for [125I]iodo LDL than vital organs of the mouse, such as the liver, heart, lung, kidney, or brain. The results of these studies are suggestive that certain tumor cells might have a higher affinity for LDL than normal tissues and cytotoxic drugs or radionucleotides ligated to the LDL macromolecule may be utilized for the specific delivery of these agents. PMID- 7223791 TI - Increased gentamicin dosage requirements: rapid elimination in 249 gynecology patients. AB - Wide interpatient variations were demonstrated in gentamicin elimination rate and dosage requirements for 249 gynecology patients with normal renal function. These variations combined with the need to obtain narrow ranges in serum levels necessitated measuring serum concentrations and individually calculating each patient's dose and dosing interval. Optimal peak and trough serum concentrations were reliably and rapidly achieved by means of this method. Required dosage regimens ranged from 1.9 to 14.0 mg/kg/day. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity did not occur in these patients. These results further emphasize the need to measure serum concentrations and make necessary dosage adjustments to ensure therapeutic levels. However, because of the wide interpatient variation, these increased dosages are not routinely suggested without previously measuring serum concentrations and calculating each patient's dosage regimen. PMID- 7223792 TI - NIH Consensus Development Task force statement on cesarean childbirth. PMID- 7223793 TI - Nitroprusside-induced hemodynamic alterations in normotensive and hypertensive pregnant sheep. AB - It has been suggested that sodium nitroprusside, a potent vasodilator, be used in the management of an acute hypertensive crisis during pregnancy. The present study was designed to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of this agent in the same group of chronically instrumented, unanesthetized pregnant sheep during two experimental periods: (a) normotension with intact kidneys, and (b) one-kidney hypertension. The results demonstrate that (1) nitroprusside is a potent vasodilator which lowers mean arterial pressure; (2) nitroprusside-induced tachycardia was greater in the hypertensive animal; (3) uterine blood flow decreased with the development of hypertension; (4) the hypertensive-induced reduction in uterine blood flow was increased by the infusion of nitroprusside. PMID- 7223794 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in human amniotic fluid. AB - Amniotic fluid samples obtained from normal pregnancies during gestation were used to quantitate the levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity. It is concluded that: (1) PEPCK activity was highest in the amniotic fluid cells of midtrimester pregnancies as compared to those of pregnancies close to term; (2) the activity of PEPCK seen in the amniotic fluid supernatant was about one fourth to one half of that seen in the amniotic cells; (3) the amniotic fluid supernatant PEPCK activity fluctuated very little during the entire gestation. PMID- 7223796 TI - Neonatal body water turnover: a putative index of perinatal morbidity. AB - The water metabolism of 46 newborn babies was determined during a 10 day period by means of an isotope dilution technique, and correlations were sought with the clinical assessment of the babies by multiple obstetric and pediatric clinical criteria. The babies, 48 to 72 hours of age, were given a single oral dose (2 ml/kg) of deuterated water (D2O), a nonradioactive tracer, and the urinary excretion rate was followed by means of infrared spectrophotometry. After a period of equilibration of the D2O with body water (20 hours), the rate of D2O clearance was found to be a single exponential decay process, thus allowing the fraction of total body water lost each hour (the rate constant) to be calculated for each baby. The median values of the rate constants X 10(4)(h-1) for 14 growth retarded babies ws 104 (98% confidence limits, 97.8 to 122) compared with 76.3 (67.0 to 80.2) for 16 normal mature babies and 82.1 (73.4 to 90.6) for 16 normal premature babies. These data indicate that, compared with normal mature or normal premature babies, growth-retarded infants have a significantly (P less than 0.05) faster turnover of water during the first 10 days of postnatal life. Since there was little overlap in results between the normally grown and the retarded infants, the measurement of water turnover may provide a useful index of perinatal morbidity. PMID- 7223795 TI - Effect of catecholamine on fetal breathing activity in rhesus monkeys. AB - The effect of various catecholamines on fetal breathing movements (FMB) was studied in 10 established chronic fetal rhesus monkey preparations. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol (all 1:10(5) [w/v] in concentration), or saline was infused intravenously to the fetus, each on five separate occasions. The infusion of the catecholamines was started at 0.02 ml/min and increased in a stepwise fashion until the fetus exhibited cardiovascular responses. The infusion rate was then maintained for 30 minutes to observe FBM. The incidence of FBM was determined for each 5-minute period and also expressed as a percentage of preinfusion values. Statistical analysis revealed that the incidence of FBM was significantly increased by isoproterenol and decreased by norepinephrine. Epinephrine did not consistently alter the incidence of the FBM. PMID- 7223797 TI - Sonographic abdominal circumference: dynamic versus static imaging. AB - The ultrasonic abdominal circumference (AC) measurement is one of the essential parameters used for assessment of fetal status. Whereas the AC was traditionally derived by static equipment, dynamic scanners are presently used for that purpose. In this study, the AC values obtained by two gray-scale ultrasonic imaging modalities (static and dynamic) were compared; the differences between the mean AC measurements were not statistically significant. Additionally, when the outline of the AC in a fetus near term was larger than the sonic field displayed by dynamic equipment, the partially incomplete boundary could be "filled in" without affecting the accuracy of the result. PMID- 7223798 TI - Maternal psychological and physiologic correlates of fetal-newborn health status. AB - Data were obtained from 32 primigravid women in pregnancy and in labor. Anxiety in labor, measured by a self-report inventory, and plasma epinephrine were significantly correlated with the fetal heart rate pattern in active-phase labor (3 to 10 cm of cervical dilatation). The fetal heart rate pattern was significantly correlated with Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes. Conflict in the acceptance of pregnancy, measured in prenatal interviews, predicted anxiety and epinephrine levels in labor and the 5-minute Apgar score. PMID- 7223800 TI - Antepartum ultrasonographic diagnosis of conjoined twins in early pregnancy. PMID- 7223801 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina: clinical, light and electron microscopic observations. PMID- 7223799 TI - The pseudogestational sac in ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7223802 TI - Pregnancy associated with partial aortic occlusion. PMID- 7223803 TI - Comparison between degree of systemic absorption of vaginally and orally administered estrogens at different dose levels in postmenopausal women. PMID- 7223805 TI - Intra-amniotic antibiotic infusion. PMID- 7223804 TI - Transformation of endodermal sinus tumor to dysgerminoma following chemotherapy. PMID- 7223806 TI - Transmissible venereal neoplasia. PMID- 7223807 TI - Reformation: Presidential address. PMID- 7223808 TI - Short arrest of cervical dilatation: a risk for maternal/fetal/infant morbidity. AB - The characteristics of short arrest of dilatation (failure to dilate in active labor for greater than or equal to 1 hour, but less than 2 hours) were assessed by evaluating 2,489 consecutive deliveries. Short arrests were found to be similar to secondary arrests of dilatation as maternal/fetal/infant risks. Short arrest was associated with an increase in labor abnormality, fetal distress, evidence of maternal/infant trauma, an operative delivery. The findings of this study suggest that hourly vaginal examination to detect short arrest is a reasonable approach to following the progress of labor, and that electronic fetal monitoring may be indicated when short arrest of dilatation is diagnosed. Although the risk for operative delivery was found to be increased, over 80% of the patients with short arrest had normal vaginal deliveries. PMID- 7223809 TI - Laser photovaporization of endometrium for the treatment of menorrhagia. AB - As an alternative to hysterectomy in patients with excessive bleeding, the endometrium was destroyed by means of the neodymium-YAG laser. The photovaporization was done under direct vision through a hysteroscope. Twenty-two patients have been treated, all but one successfully, i.e., little or no menstrual flow. The human uterus having a thick myometrium was found to be ideal for this modality. To suppress endometrial regeneration further, each patient was placed on a regimen of danazol for 2 to 3 weeks prior to and after the procedure. Hysterograms after laser photovaporization showed variable degrees of uterine contraction, scarring, and adhesion formation. Biopsies of the endometrial surface up to 20 months following the procedure showed no evidence of inflammation other than foreign body giant cell reaction around carbon particles. Minimal endometrial regeneration occurred. PMID- 7223810 TI - The doctrine of consciousness in obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 7223811 TI - Management of preterm premature rupture of membranes: assessing amniotic fluid in the vagina for phosphatidylglycerol. AB - This prospective study evaluates the clinical practicality of assessing free amniotic fluid in instances of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) before term. The presence of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) provided evidence of fetal pulmonary maturity. Daily aspirations of vaginally pooled amniotic fluid were performed on 55 consecutive patients with preterm PROM and met with a success rate of 80% (79 of 99 attempts). Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) occurred in none of 28 neonates in whom PG was present prior to delivery, and in four of 19 in whom PG was absent. Evidence of surfactant maturation at the time of initial sampling was noticed in 24% of fetuses at 28 to 34 weeks' gestation. Those who initially lacked PG showed an acceleration of its appearance in the aminotic fluid with time, and almost all required a minimum of 48 to 72 hours. Sampling free amniotic fluid for PG is reliable, noninvasive procedure which can be usefully applied to the management of preterm PROm. PMID- 7223812 TI - Conservative management of premature rupture of the membrane. AB - Management recommendations for pregnancies complicated by premature rupture of the membranes must consider both the neonatal morbidity and mortality of immaturity associated with prompt delivery and the infectious risks to the mother and fetus associated with prolonged observation. Because these considerations are critical in pregnancies with prematurely ruptured membranes and premature but potentially viable infants, 116 pregnancies with this complication between 28 and 36 weeks' gestation were reviewed. All patients received careful in-hospital surveillance. Six patients (5.2%) developed amnionitis prior to labor. Nine infants (7.1%) developed neonatal sepsis, with the predominant pathogen being the group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus. A decrease in the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with progressive duration of membrane rupture was observed. The perinatal survival in this study was 96.9%. These findings suggest that in similar patient populations an expectant management plan may be employed with minimal infectious risks to mother and fetus. PMID- 7223813 TI - Psychiatric risk factors in the pregnant diabetic patient. AB - One hundred pregnant diabetic patients have been prospectively studied in the first large-scale systematic evaluation of emotional behavior and psychosocial factors influencing psychiatric behavior in the pregnant diabetic patient. A Psychiatric Risk Scale including ten weighted medical and psychosocial factors has been developed to identify patients at high risk for psychiatric illness or poor compliance. This scale significantly increases the data base of classic "neglector" characteristics described by Pederson in 1965. Early identification of psychiatrically high-risk patients in concert with brief relevant psychodynamic exploration offers the potential of more directed care to a subset of patients at increased risk for poor perinatal performance. PMID- 7223815 TI - Genetic counseling and genetic services in obstetrics and gynecology: implications for educational goals and clinical practice. AB - Analysis of genetic counseling and antenatal diagnostic services offered by a genetics unit in a women's hospital was undertaken to identify genetic needs of the obstetrician-gynecologist. For similar reasons we tabulated findings derived from a genetic questionnaire administered routinely to obstetric registrants. Certain well-defined indications for genetic referral were identified, allowing specific educational objectives to be formulated. Potential chromosomal abnormalities constitute the most common indications for referral, particularly advance maternal age and repetitive abortions. A wide range of mendelian and polygenic/multifactorial disorders was encountered, albeit many individually rare. This suggests that the obstetrician-gynecologist should become familiar with principles of these modes of inheritance. However, educational objectives need not stress specific details of rare disorders but rather should emphasize the relatively few disorders that the obstetrician-gynecologist is likely to encounter. Realistic suggestions are offered to achieve these objectives. PMID- 7223816 TI - Caesarean section: a 15-year review of changing incidence, indications, and risks. AB - During 15 years (1965 through 1979), 9,718 cesarean sections were performed at Hutzel Hospital. This report concerns the indications, incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Dystocia, fetal distress, and breech presentations were the most common indications for primary cesarean section. The incidence rose from 9.8% to 16.8% during this study. Forceps deliveries dropped from 47.5% to 12.0% and vaginal breech deliveries decreased from 86% to 35%. Spinal anesthesia was used in 90%. Caesarean section hysterectomies were performed in 128. The most common indications were carcinoma in situ of the cervix, uterine leiomyoma, and hemorrhage. Puerperal sepsis and urinary tract and wound infections were the major causes of morbidity. Perinatal mortality decreased from 40% to 29%. There were 10 maternal deaths. Sepsis was the major cause of death. At least four deaths could have been avoided if ultra-high-risk patients had not been pregnant in the first place. PMID- 7223817 TI - Intraocular lens power check. AB - We have developed a simple procedure that uses a standard keratometer to determine the power of an intraocular lens that is still in its sterile package. The procedure is accurate to within +/-0.5 diopter and may be used in conjunction with any intraocular lens packaging system in which the convex side of a plano convex intraocular lens is clearly visible through a clear, flat surface. PMID- 7223814 TI - Estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of danazol administration in studies of estradiol receptor binding. AB - In order to study possible cellular estrogenic and/or antiestrogenic effects of danazol, immature female rats were treated with danazol (10 mg/kg/day) or propylene glycol (control) for 4 days (short-term study) and 14 days (long-term study). Estradiol receptor-binding assays were done on the cytosol fraction of the homogenized uterine tissue of each group. AT saturation levels of substrate, short-term danazol treatment was uterotropic and induced an increase in estradiol receptor concentration and binding (p less than 0.02). Long-term treatment, however, caused a marked decrease in estradiol receptor capacity (p less than 0.001). This disparity of the effect of danazol on estradiol receptors suggests a dose- or duration-dependent mechanism of action in the target tissue that may account for some of the clinical effects seen in patients receiving this drug. PMID- 7223819 TI - Lipoidal degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium. AB - Vacuolation of the retinal pigment epithelium in the foveomacular region of aging rhesus monkey eyes was re-examined with the eyes initially fixed in osmium tetroxide to retain the alcohol-soluble lipid. All vacuoles were found to be completely occupied by lipid material. Similar cells were positive to oil red O. The vacuolation of the pigment epithelial cell is considered to be a form of lipoidal degeneration. PMID- 7223818 TI - Cone pigments in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. AB - We measured cone pigment density and kinetics with a reflection retinal densitometer during the evolution and resolution of posterior pole lesions in a 17-year-old patient with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Three weeks after onset, density was markedly reduced and regeneration complex and nonexponential. Pigment density increased, and kinetics returned to normal as the disease resolved. PMID- 7223820 TI - Surgical management of retinal detachment without cryopexy. AB - A clinical study of eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment compared the reattachment rate in two groups of eyes: in the control group, cryopexy was applied over the retinal breaks during surgery; in the test group, cryopexy was not applied. There was a similar rate of retinal reattachment in the two groups in the immediate postoperative period. However, during the long follow-up period (36 months) there was a considerable difference in the two groups. Eyes that had undergone cryopexy had a lower rate of redetachment than eyes that had not. The rate of operative and postoperative complications was low in both groups, except for periretinal proliferation, which was more frequent in the test group. These results suggest that cryopexy may lower the incidence of redetachment after retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 7223822 TI - Cycloplegic refractions of premature infants. AB - Cyclopentolate refractions of 146 premature infants disclosed higher incidences of myopia and anisometropia than those reported for full-term infants. Also, more than 70% of the premature infants had I diopter or more of astigmatism; 83% of the astigmatism was against-the-rule. Infants with shorter gestational periods had more severe myopia and astigmatism. Infants born very prematurely should undergo follow-up refractions to determine whether they retain refractive errors large enough to interfere with visual function. PMID- 7223821 TI - Contact lenses in the management of myopic anisometropic amblyopia. AB - We treated 16 patients aged 1 1/2 to 11 years with myopic anisometropic amblyopia with contact-lens correction of refractive error and occlusion. The degree of visual improvement compared favourably with that reported with the use of spectacles. There were no complications from contact lenses, and only one patient required anesthesia for fitting. Contact lenses appear to be more satisfactory than spectacle lenses in the management of myopic anisometropic amblyopia in regard to cosmesis, comfort, and treatment compliance. Patients with myelinated retinal nerve fibers and unilateral severe myopia had a poor visual prognosis. Treatment should not be abandoned in these children, but prolonged occlusion is not indicated. The presence of strabismus at the start of treatment appeared to have little effect on the final visual results. Most patients with strabismus responded well to occlusion, and all such children should be considered candidates for treatment of their amblyopia. PMID- 7223823 TI - Electrophysiologic changes in chronic pars planitis. AB - We studied 13 patients, six males and seven females, ranging in age from 14 to 53 years, with chronic pars planitis and a form of secondary retinal degeneration. All had experienced visual blurring but none had significant pain. Nine of the 13 had some disturbance in night vision. Visual acuity had decreased in three patients (in one because of cataract, in one because of cystoid macular degeneration, and for unknown reasons in the third), increased in two patients (because of improvement in cystoid macular edema), and remained stable in eight. There were electrophysiologic abnormalities, consisting of delayed B-wave implicit time, abnormal response to 30-Hz flicker, and reduced B-wave oscillations, in almost every patient. Our finding suggested that pars planitis is a vitreoretinal disorder rather than an inflammatory disease of the uveal tract. PMID- 7223824 TI - Combined Jones tube-canalicular intubation and conjunctiva dacryocystorhinostomy. AB - Six patients underwent combined Jones tube-canalicular intubation and conjunctival dacryocystorhinostomy. These patients had epiphora secondary to partial obstruction of the upper and lower canaliculi, complete obstruction of the common canaliculus or a single canaliculus, or paresis of the orbicularis oculi muscle. In these patients we would have performed a dacryocystorhinostomy with silicone elastic intubation, risking recurrent obstruction, or a conjunctival dacryocystorhinostomy with placement of a Jones tube, risking failure of the procedure and complete obstruction of patent canaliculi by placement of the tube. The combined Jones tube-canalicular silicone elastic intubation and conjunctival dacryocystorhinostomy ensured successful treatment of epiphora for this group of patients. Intubating the canaliculi with Bowman probes during placement of the Jones tube avoids injury and subsequent postoperative canalicular obstruction. After several months, the silicone elastic tubing is removed and the Jones tube is plugged. If the patient is asymptomatic and the canaliculi are patent and can be irrigated freely to the nasal cavity, the Jones tube can be removed. However, if epiphora occurs, the plug can be removed and the tube left in place to drain the tears without additional surgery. PMID- 7223825 TI - Removal of hepatitis B surface antigen from a contaminated applanation tonometer. AB - Hepatitis B surface antigen was found in the conjunctival fluid of 43% of hepatitis B surface antigen carriers and could be detected on the tonometer tip after tonometry in one of four hepatitis B surface antigen carriers whose conjunctival fluid was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. The Goldmann applanation tonometer tip was contaminated by immersion into solutions containing high concentrations of hepatitis B surface antigen (average 15,000 cpm). Prompt rinsing of the contaminated tonometer in running tap water for ten seconds proved sufficient to remove all detectable hepatitis B surface antigen from the tonometer. PMID- 7223826 TI - Anterior uveitis in Kawasaki's disease. AB - Kawasaki's disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) is an acute febrile illness primarily affecting children. Slit-lamp examinations of six children with kawasaki's disease, ranging in age from 22 months to 16 years, showed that five had anterior uveitis during the acute phase of the illness. Two of the children were treated with corticosteroids and cycloplegic drugs and three received no treatment. In all five, the anterior uveitis resolved completely within a few weeks. PMID- 7223828 TI - Modified Zeiss beam splitter for operating microscope and television camera. AB - I have designed an asymmetrical 50/70 beam splitter that allows a television camera to be coupled directly to the Zeiss operating microscope. This device provides more light for the surgeon. PMID- 7223827 TI - Follow-up ophthalmologic examinations in children with Kawasaki's disease. AB - We recalled 15 patients who had had Kawasaki's disease with documented bilateral conjunctival injection but who had not undergone slit-lamp examinations during the acute phase of the illness. Although anterior uveitis has been found in the acute phase of Kawasaki's disease, results of the follow-up studies (including slit-lamp examination, visual acuity testing, and assessment of pupillary reaction, muscle balance, and intraocular pressure) were normal in all 14 children. PMID- 7223829 TI - A survey of rationales for and against hand splinting in hemiplegia. AB - This study investigated rationales underlying splinting decisions involving patients with hemiplegia. The survey incorporated a limited-choice, multiple option questionnaire based on the case study of a man with a left hemiparesis at three hypothetical stages of recovery. Ninety-three occupational therapists who answered indicated whether they would or would not recommend a splint at each stage, and selected one or more reasons for their decisions. The respondents fell into three major categories: those who would 1. never splint, 2. always splint, and 3. splint only in the presence of moderate to severe spasticity. Those with longer clinical experience reflected more tendency to splint. The results indicated conflicting practices in splinting and showed the need for further clinical research in this area. PMID- 7223830 TI - Checklist for the prescription of slings for the hemiplegic patient. AB - The wide variety of hemiplegic sling designs, the lack of a uniform approach to sling selection, and the paucity of research data in this area have tended to make prescribing a sling a subjective process. Based on clinical experience and a comprehensive literature review, the authors propose a checklist for examining hemiplegic slings. The Checklist, which includes 19 desirable and 4 undesirable characteristics of slings, provides a more objective basis for comparing sling designs, warns of potential hazards, and facilitates the thorough examination of hemiplegic slings. The uses and limitations of the Checklist are discussed. PMID- 7223832 TI - The emotion identification group. AB - Emotion identification is an individual's ability to be aware of affective responses that occur during varied daily interactions. Through a review of the literature, how patients often seem unclear about the relevance of "doing" therapy to "talking/feeling" therapy is documented, an then an attempt is made to show how the occupational therapy emotion identification group can reinforce the patients' real-life connection between doing, talking or feeling. The basic premises formulated for establishing a method to promote emotion identification, the group format that incorporates this method, and patient responses to the method are presented. How occupational therapy interfaces with Gestalt therapy and therapeutic community philosophies is shown and methods are described to apply the Gestalt process of one's getting in touch with and taking ownership for both needs and feelings in the emotion identification group and in occupational therapy task groups. PMID- 7223831 TI - Incidence of sensory integrative dysfunction among children with orofacial cleft. AB - Occupational therapists working with children with clefts observed that those children demonstrated subtle developmental delays, including learning, language, and behavioral problems that appeared related to sensory integrative dysfunction as identified by Ayres in children with learning disabilities. This study explored the possible existence of sensory integrative dysfunction in children with clefts when compared to normative data published by Ayres. The Southern California Sensory Integration Tests and the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Tests were administered to 70 four- to nine-year old children with clefts, who had been selected from four different hospital settings. Comparisons of the mean subtest scores of the sample children and the norms showed that significant levels (p less than .05) of difference existed. The subjects with clefts exhibited dysfunction related to vestibular and tactile processing and bilateral integration. No relationship was found between sensory integrative dysfunction and the child's cleft type, sex, or hospital setting. PMID- 7223833 TI - Stimulus and communication demands of visual acuity tests. AB - Comparative evaluations of visual acuity tests designed for young children have been difficult because tests vary both by stimulus target and by response methods required to communicate what is seen. To determine the independent effect of stimulus targets and response methods, four methods of response were systematically varied across four types of visual acuity tests and given to 59 preschool and early primary school children at three distances. An analysis of variance revealed that tests in which the stimulus target included a directional component were more difficult than those which did not, and that verbal report was the easiest method of answering; pointing to a picture on a key card which matched a target stimulus was the most difficult. Results are discussed in terms of developmental theory. PMID- 7223834 TI - Mechanical considerations in myopia: relative effects of accommodation, convergence, intraocular pressure, and the extraocular muscles. AB - Axial myopia is a common ocular problem characterized by the fact that the posterior sclera has apparently stretched out of shape over a period of several years. The debate persists as to whether myopia is an inherited or acquired disorder. During the last few years, several new laboratory techniques have surfaced which can create large amounts of myopia in normal experimental animals. In an attempt to find a rational mechanical explanation common to both human and laboratory myopia, this report examines the stresses experienced by the posterior sclera as a result of accommodation, convergence, vitreous pressure, and the extraocular muscles. The conclusion is that convergence and, more generally, the tension in the extraocular muscles are mechanically more important than accommodation because of the sizable increase in vitreous pressure. The oblique muscles, because of their attachment sites at the back of the globe near the optic nerve entrance port, have the capability of producing local stress concentrations which may be very important in understanding pathological myopia. Suggestions are offered for future experiments in terms of muscle surgery, the use of prisms, diagnostic techniques, and animal models. PMID- 7223835 TI - The use of ophthalmic drugs in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7223836 TI - The BP/IOP ratio in the elderly and its relation to glaucomatous changes. AB - A group of 32 patients had their blood pressure measured, fields plotted, intraocular pressure determined, and ocular fundi inspected. The ratio of the blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) to the intraocular pressure is shown to be of limited use as a predictor of glaucomatous damage in the eye. PMID- 7223837 TI - Krukenberg's spindle and contact lens-induced edema. AB - Krukenberg's spindle, a pigment deposit on the corneal endothelium, is frequently an inconsequential finding, although it can be associated with pigmentary glaucoma. A case report is presented describing corneal changes occurring with a gas-permeable contact lens (Polycon) in the presence of a Krukenberg spindle. PMID- 7223838 TI - Visibility of smoking warning on cigarette billboards. AB - Prevention of morbidity and mortality related to cigarette smoking has chiefly relied on public education including the Surgeon General's smoking warning on cigarettes and cigarette advertising. The visibility of smoking warnings on cigarette billboards is evaluate under static and dynamic conditions. Temporally, the cigarette brand name was found to be visible at least 17 times longer than the smoking warning. Under many conditions it is questionable if the warning is at all visible to the motorist. By coupling regulations of the smoking warning size to the brand name size, visibility would be better ensured. PMID- 7223839 TI - Chromatic adaption and the fundamental stimuli. AB - A bipartite adaption stimulus with a horizontal dividing line adapted the upper half of the retina to red or yellow light and the lower half to white light. Monochromatic test stimuli between 460 and 520 nm were presented to the red or yellow adapted portion of the retina. After desaturating the test stimulus with red light, it was possible to match it to a mixture of 458 and 520 nm. From these data one can plot on a mixture diagram the shifts in color produced by the two kinds of adaption. The data support a zone theory of color vision similar to that proposed by Adams. PMID- 7223840 TI - On the conformity of soft lenses to the shape of the cornea. AB - The assumption that a properly fitted soft contact lens conforms to the shape of the cornea in the central region was tested by measuring the apparent radius of curvature of the back surface of various soft contact lenses on the eye, with a high illumination keratometer. Real radius of curvature was calculated by means of an appropriate formula. It was found that soft lenses conform closely to the corneal shape. The mean difference between the radius of the back surface of the lens and corneal radius of curvature was +0.015 mm in the horizontal meridian, and +0.023 mm in the vertical meridian. The lenses were slightly flatter than the cornea in each meridian. The difference in conformity between the horizontal and vertical meridians was not significant. Slight differences were found in the degree of conformity of the three soft contact lens designs studied. The thicker, lower water content lenses showed slightly less conformity. PMID- 7223842 TI - The perceived stability of fixation. AB - Despite the small eye movements, we perceive a stable visual world and a relatively fixed fixation within that stable world. This study demonstrates a method by which we can be made aware of instability of the direction of fixation and it is also shown that we do not have a fixation "point," but rather a fixation "area." Analysis of the results shows why we are normally unaware of the magnitude of our small eye movements. PMID- 7223843 TI - An algorithm for computing astigmatic refractive errors from ocular parameters. AB - Calculation of total refractive astigmatism by analyzing refractive parameters of the individual components can be very tedious, especially when the principal meridians among all the components are not orthogonal. A straightforward programming algorithm for accomplishing these calculations is presented. The algorithm is applicable to any programmable device which performs trigonometric functions. PMID- 7223841 TI - Changes in intraocular pressure during acute exercise. AB - The effect of vigorous physical activity on intraocular pressure has been well documented. Other studies have only focused on pretest and posttest measurements of intraocular pressure. This study presents a continuous evaluation of intraocular pressure during exercise and correlates changes in intraocular pressure with changes in heart rate through time. A total of 17 adult male and female subjects were submaximally tested on a bicycle ergometer using the Astrand Rhyming protocol. The results of this test were used to design an individualized four-stage workload that would proportionally take each subject to 85% of a predicted maximum heart rate. During this test, intraocular pressure was measured at the end of each stage and through 15 min of recovery with an American Optical non-contact tonometer. A statistically significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in intraocular pressure was noted at the end of the fourth stage and during 1, 5, and 10 min of recovery; however, no trend was found to indicate a significant correlation between heart rate and intraocular pressure. PMID- 7223847 TI - Visual acuity and test performance. AB - Evaluation of scholastic achievement (American College Testing Service) test scores confirms previous reports that persons with poor visual acuity perform better on these tests than individuals with normal or superior acuity. PMID- 7223846 TI - Prevalence and significance of narrow anterior chamber angles in optometric practice. AB - Assessment of anterior chamber width made according to the visibility of the angle structures during gonioscopic examination was carried out on 300 consecutively attending optometric patients. The assessments were made in the superior quadrant of the chamber angle of the left eyes. The sample yielded 6.0% of eyes in which some or all the trabeculae were obscured and 2.0% in which only the anterior half of the trabeculae was visible. The clinical import of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7223845 TI - Postprofessional training in biostatistics and epidemiology for clinical research optometrists. AB - Under modern concepts of clinically and community relevant health research, epidemiology is considered the basic science and biostatistics a vital allied science. This paper discusses advanced training programs in these two numerative sciences that are currently available to the clinical research optometrist. PMID- 7223844 TI - Reversed telescopes on visual efficiency scores in field-restricted patients. AB - Low vision aids have not been successfully prescribed for many people with peripheral visual field loss. Visual field and visual acuity measurements for four field-restricted subjects were made with and without field-expanding reversed telescopes. The calculated visual efficiency was not significantly improved with such devices; therefore, their value remains in question. PMID- 7223848 TI - Characteristics of female optometry students on the SCII. AB - A sample of 67 female optometry students was tested on the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII). Their vocational interests were compared with those of women in 57 occupations and classified on vocational and basic interest scales. There were no interest scales in which the female optometry students scored above average, including the optometrist scale. PMID- 7223849 TI - The effect of fenestrating soft contact lenses on corneal swelling. AB - Nine subjects wore fenestrated and unfenestrated soft contact lenses for 6-hr periods. The lenses worn in the experimental eye were fenestrated with four, 0.80 mm holes, located in the midperipheral region of the lens. THe corneal swelling was monitored with a biomicroscope and pachometer and the fenestrations significantly reduced the corneal swelling compared with the same lens worn prior to fenestration. PMID- 7223850 TI - Temporal sequence study of the factors affecting corneal edema associated with soft contact lens wear. AB - The contribution of various factors to the edema associated with soft contact lens wear is considered. Time of wear, individual patient response level, baseline thickness of the cornea, and base curve radius of the contact lens are found by multiple regression analysis to be the most significant contributors to edema. The small but significant contribution of contact lens base curve to edema suggests that some oxygen is supplied to the cornea via a tear pump mechanism. PMID- 7223851 TI - Low vision care: correlation of patient age, visual goals, and aids prescribed. PMID- 7223852 TI - A longitudinal study of corneal astigmatism and total astigmatism. AB - Cross-sectional studies indicate that mean total astigmatism changes with age; varying from as much as 0.62 D with-the-rule during youth to as much as 0.37 D against-the-rule in samples of elderly patients. The present study involves the examination of adult patients who were seen regularly for a period of at least 40 years. Data are analyzed to determine whether the change in corneal astigmatism accounts for the total astigmatic change, and the magnitude of change with age at each of the principal corneal meridians. Results indicate that steepening of the cornea in the horizontal meridian accounts for a major portion of the increase in against-the-rule total astigmatism among older patients. PMID- 7223853 TI - The effect of spherical aberration of contact lens to the wearer. AB - To determine the influence of the spherical aberration of a contact lens on the total spherical aberration of the eye-contact lens system, appropriate formulas are derived. By comparing the total spherical aberration of the eye without a contact lens with that found when a contact lens is in place, it is shown that the spherical aberration of the eye is determined, almost entirely, by the first refracting surface (either cornea or contact lens). The amount of aberration when converted to a dioptric value shows the relative effects clearly. PMID- 7223855 TI - Thickness measurement of hydrogel lenses. AB - The thickness of hydrogel lenses was measured in air with a Radiuscope and in saline with a specular microscope. The measurements are in good agreement, showing that drying is not a problem with air measurement. With a simple modification to the Radiuscope, the thickness measured is satisfactory for calculating optical power and oxygen transmissibility. PMID- 7223854 TI - Reading performance in low vision patients: relation to contrast and contrast sensitivity. AB - Closed circuit television (CCTV) systems have proven useful in professional and recreational rehabilitation of the partially sighted. However, the parameters for optimum performance on such systems have not been examined. This investigation shows that contrast is an important parameter in CCTV reading performance; for many patients, even slight contrast reductions significantly reduce reading performance. Distance acuity is not a good predictor of CCTV reading performance, nor is performance on conventional contrast sensitivity measures. However, a commercially available test for contrast sensitivity (the Arden plates) may be useful for predicting CCTV reading performance. PMID- 7223857 TI - Management of Adie syndrome. AB - In most instances the patient with pupillotonia presents with under accommodation in the affected eye. An unusual case of Adie's pupil with ciliary spasm is discussed. As a result of the unpredictable accommodative response, the necessity of evaluating and prescribing for binocular balance is underscored. Periodic reevaluation of accommodation in relation to symptomatology is emphasized. PMID- 7223856 TI - Spectacles for the emmetropic presbyopic optometrist. AB - Presbyopia brings special seeing problems for an emmetropic optometrist. Incorporating the bifocal into a half-glass offers several advantages. The best parameters for this spectacle form are derived from experience, and also by comparing it to single-vision half-glasses, bifocals, and trifocals. Particular facility in both prescribing and fabricating derives from the great number of power and size relations between upper and lower segments available. One can extrapolate similar benefits in this spectacle form for other occupations and hobbies as well as for presbyopic wearers of single-vision contact lenses. PMID- 7223858 TI - Atherosclerosis following balloon catheter injury to the carotid artery and the aorta of hypertensive rats with normolipidemia or hyperlipidemia. AB - The carotid artery and abdominal aorta of hypertensive normocholesterolemic rats responded in similar manner to balloon denuding of the endothelium. One denuding resulted in an intimal fibrous plaque, while multiple such injuries increased the lipid content of the plaque and so yielded fatty-fibrous plaques, which perhaps represent an intermediate stage of atherosclerosis. In no instance did a single or multiple denuding lead to advanced atherosclerosis. Although the abdominal aorta of animals with one or with repeated denudings accumulated more lipid when placed on atherogenic died, the lesions remained essentially in the fatty-fibrous plaque category. Typical atherosclerosis was observed only occasionally and was limited to rats with multiple denudings. In rats with denuded carotid artery on an atherogenic diet classic atherosclerosis developed, especially when there were multiple episodes of injury. This was the first time the authors observed advanced atherosclerosis in the rat, and the lesions were quite comparable to human atherosclerosis. For the rat in this instance the principal factors in pathogenesis were hyperlipidemia and the repeated endothelial denudings, which promoted lipid deposit in the intimal plaques of the vessel. PMID- 7223859 TI - Platelet satellitism: an ultrastructural study. AB - The ultrastructural morphology of platelet-polymorph (platelet-polymorphonuclear leukocyte) rosettes was investigated in EDTA-anticoagulated blood obtained from two patients who exhibited the phenomenon of platelet satellitism. Most of the platelet profiles were attached to the polymorph surface by broad areas of contact. Examination of these broad areas of contact at high magnification revealed an intercellular material of low electron density. This material appeared to form strands, which bridged the intercellular space and spanned the entire area formed by the apposing plasma membranes. Phagocytosis of entire platelets was only observed in 1 case. The platelet profiles that participated in rosette formation revealed a large number of glycogen particles, compared with unattached platelets. Ultrastructural examination of "stress" platelets obtained from five normal subjects treated with steroids similarly showed a large number of glycogen particles, although no rosette formation or phagocytosis of platelets was observed. The etiology of platelet satellitism is discussed. PMID- 7223860 TI - March gangrene: deep pectoral myopathy, Oregon disease, green muscle disease. PMID- 7223861 TI - Acute hepatic cell necrosis experimentally produced by viral agents in rabbits. AB - Acute and extensive hepatic cell necrosis was produced experimentally in rabbits by means of the Shwartzman mechanism using adeno- and hepatitis B viruses. The change that occurred in the liver was quite severe, namely, areas of hemorrhagic necrosis of various sizes in gross appearance and lytic-coagulative necrosis with hemorrhage and leukocyte-mononuclear cell infiltration histologically. Thrombi formation was noted in and around the necrotic areas, and it was not unusual to see necrosis of an entire lobe. This seems to be a model, to some extent, for human fulminant hepatitis caused by hepatitis virus infection, and suggested that some nonspecific reaction such as intravascular clotting may also play an important role in causing or complicating acute, severe, and extensive necrosis of the liver in human cases. Heparin administration very effectively prevented such hepatic necrosis, which supports the view that the change we observed in the liver was really the Schwartzman reaction; further, it is reminiscent of the fact that heparin administration is sometimes effective in fulminant hepatitis treatment if given at te appropriate stage of the disease. PMID- 7223862 TI - A serial histologic study of the development and progression of acute pancreatitis in the rat. AB - This study was undertaken for the purpose of a serial investigation of the development and progression of the light-microscopic changes of acute pancreatitis and histologic criteria for evaluating pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis, similar to that found in man, was induced in rats with the use of a closed duodenal loop technique (n = 36). Control rats underwent a laparotomy with mobilization of the duodenum (n = 12). Animals were killed every 2 hours for 24 hours, and a detailed and independent histologic evaluation was made of each. Focal acinar necrosis proceeding to a vasculitis appeared within 2--4 hours before the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Thereafter, the extent of acinar necrosis closely reflected the vasculitis with the later development of the acute inflammation. By the sixteenth hour, these changes were graded as moderate pancreatitis, and by 24 hours the process represented severe hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Vascular changes and acinar necrosis preceded the inflammatory cell infiltrate. The pancreatitis has been quantitated into minimal, moderate, or severe by assessing the severity of edema, acute inflammatory infiltrate, and changes in the vessels, ducts, and acini. PMID- 7223863 TI - Hormone responsiveness of a transplantable rat chondrosarcoma: III. ultrastructural evidence of in vivo hormone dependence. AB - The effects of growth hormone (GH) and/or cortisone and thyroxine (T4) treatment on the ultrastructure of the transplantable Swarm rat chondrosarcoma grown in hypophysectomized rats were studied. Marked atrophy of the tumor occurred when it was grown in hypophysectomized rats. Maximal restoration of tumor growth in hypophysectomized rats was achieved when cortisone, T4, and GH were administered in combination. An intermediate degree of tumor growth restoration was observed when tumor-bearing hypophysectomized rats were given cortisone and T4 or GH alone. Cortisone and T4 treatment was associated with increased rough endoplasmic reticulum and nucleolar enlargement, while GH treatment was associated with marked dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum. When GH, cortisone, and T4 were given in combination, a marked increase in exocytotic/pinocytotic vesicles and apparent deposition of cartilage matrix were noted. The data indicate that GH has dramatic influences on the tumors and, when GH, cortisone, and T4 are administered together, these hormones have a synergistic effect on the growth of the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. PMID- 7223864 TI - 1-O-Alkyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholines: a novel class of neutrophil stimulants. AB - 1-O-Alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine aggregates and degranulates platelets and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Here, the bioactivities of this platelet-activating factor, its 2-O-ethyl, and its 2-lyso derivatives were examined further. Each phospholipid aggregated and degranulated rabbit platelets and neutrophils with relative potencies of about 10,000 1,000, and 1, respectively. For rabbit neutrophils, and 2-O-acetyl compound was active in nanomolar and lower concentrations; required extracellular calcium and magnesium in order to induce aggregation; and required extracellular calcium and cytochlasin B in order to induce optimal degranulation. Furthermore the 2-O acetyl and 2-O-ethyl compounds, in concentrations about tenfold higher than those required for rabbit neutrophils, aggregated and degranulated human neutrophils. With reference to these human neutrophil responses, degranulation required, and aggregation was dramatically enhanced by, cytochalasin B. The lysoanalog was unable to induce these response in the human cells. Thus, these lipids represent a novel class of neutrophil stimulants that closely resemble certain chemotactic factors (eg, C5a and synthetic oligopeptides) in their ability to aggregate and degranulate neutrophils and in the influences which calcium, magnesium and cytochalasin B have on their bioactions. Because platelet-activating factor circulates in the blood of rabbits and, perhaps, humans during anaphylaxis and is suspected of being involved in other syndromes such as serum sickness, this lipid may have unique biologic significance: it may act to recruit platelets and neutrophils into the lesions of these and similar pathologic syndromes. PMID- 7223866 TI - Psychological changes from midlife to early old age: implications for the maintenance of mental health. AB - Changes from midlife to old age are described and conceptual models of adult development are discussed to debunk some commonly held stereotypes. Effects of biological change on behavior; age differences in learning, memory, and motivation; and age changes in intelligence and personality are considered, including implications for primary prevention, diagnosis, and social intervention. PMID- 7223865 TI - Testicular feminization of the mouse: paucity of peroxisomes in Leydig cell of the testis. AB - The testes of mice with the X-linked testicular feminization (Tfm/y hermaphrodite) mutation are very small and cryptorchid. The spermatogenesis in the adult Tfm/y hermaphrodite mouse testes is arrested, and the testosterone biosynthesis is significantly reduced due to deficiency of 17-keto-steroid reductase, the enzyme essential for the conversion of androstanedione to testosterone. In this study the distribution of peroxisomes in the Leydig cells of adult Tfm/y hermaphrodite mice was investigated because of the suggestion that peroxisomes may participate in lipid metabolism and/or androgen biosynthesis is steroidogenic cells. Aldehyde-fixed testicular tissue of Tfm/y hermaphrodite mice was processed for the cytochemical localization of peroxisome catalase to facilitate identification of these organelles in the Leydig cells. Testes from Blo/y and CSa strain normal adult mice served as controls. Testicular Leydig cells of normal adult Blo/y and CSa mice contained abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in the form of complex interconnected tubules and double-walled membranous vesicles. Numerous peroxisomes, often in continuity with SER channels or in close association with lipid droplets, were observed in Leydig cells of normal males. In contrast, the peroxisomes in the Leydig cells of adult Tfm/y hermaphrodite mouse testes were either undiscernible or greatly reduced in number and size. SER in these cells was sparse, whereas mitochondria were numerous. In addition, abundant clusters of lipid droplets were encountered in a majority of Leydig cells of Tfm/y hermaphrodite mouse testes. Peroxisome and SER paucity in Leydig cells of Tfm/y hermaphrodite mice may be a reflection of reduced testosterone production. Whether excessive accumulation of lipid in the Leydig cells of Tfm/y hermaphrodite mouse testes is due to reduced utilization of cholesterol for the biosynthesis of testosterone or to impaired lipid metabolism due to reduction in peroxisome population in these cells remains to be ascertained. PMID- 7223867 TI - Inextricable interaction: social, psychologic, and biologic stresses facing the elderly. AB - By the nature of sheer longevity, the elderly face multiple stresses acting in tandem across social, psychologic, and biologic parameters. An overview of potential pressures in these three areas is offered and their overlap and interaction underscored. Any individual's response to these stresses depends upon premorbid coping styles, current clinical status, present support systems, and the type of health-care approach provided. PMID- 7223869 TI - Concepts and criteria of mental health and aging. AB - Concepts of mental health have evolved for the most part from considerations of childhood and young adulthood. The second half of life has received little attention in theory, research, and service. Increased attention to aging on the part of the behavioral sciences is seen likely as advocacy and numbers of older people continue to increase. PMID- 7223868 TI - Mental health characteristics and acceptance-rejection of old age. AB - Self-report and observer ratings of acceptance of old age were compared to chronological age as correlates of 21 indicators of mental health for two samples of older adults. While chronological age was not well correlated with mental health indicators, both indexes of acceptance-rejection of old age were. Results suggest that acceptance of oneself as "old" is related to poorer cognition, functional health, self-esteem, attitudes toward others, ego strength, and morale, as well as to higher incidence of maladjustive behavior and passive mastery style. PMID- 7223870 TI - Docs: ortho and para. AB - Ideally, mental health criteria are general, not age-specific. But their very vagueness encourages stereotypes of the aged and arbitrary standards of their normality. These typically ignore group norms, cultural factors, personal history, and situational pressures in assessing individuals. With reasonable consensus about specific disorders, monitoring pathology would protect the old from dogmatic assumptions about mental health. Professional authority should be limited to pathological, not existential, issues. PMID- 7223871 TI - Children's reactions to the threat of nuclear plant accidents. AB - In the wake of Three Mile Island nuclear plant accident, questionnaire and interview responses of children in elementary and secondary schools revealed their perceptions of the dangers entailed in the continued use of nuclear reactors. Results are compared with a parallel study conducted close to 20 years ago, and implications for mental health are examined. PMID- 7223872 TI - Cognitive development of children in family and group day care. AB - Effects of three different educational programs (high, medium, and low structure) and two types of delivery systems ("teacher" only and "teacher" plus day care mother) on cognitive performance of 52 preschool children in family day care are examined. Family day care children showed greater and more consistent enhancement of cognitive functioning than did a comparison group of children in professionally-run group day care centers that did not include this educational component. PMID- 7223873 TI - Pregnant addicts in a comprehensive care program: results of a follow-up survey. AB - Findings from a follow-up survey of 100 pregnant addicts in a comprehensive care program are reported in the areas of patients' recall of problems, judgments of program helpfulness, and ratings of change in a series of life-functioning areas. Implications of the findings for care delivery are discussed. PMID- 7223874 TI - Customs, coupling, and the family in a changing culture. AB - Rapid change in social customs with respect to sexual relations and family structure has accentuated the problem of differential diagnosis. This paper considers the difficulties in distinguishing those forms of behavioral that represent healthy exploration in the service of coping with social change from those that represent individual pathology masked by social change. Case examples illustrative of this contemporary clinical dilemma are offered. PMID- 7223875 TI - A conceptual framework for psychosocial rehabilitation. AB - Three conceptual dimensions are presented relating diagnostic and treatment considerations to theory in the area of mental health, and specifically in the planning and evaluation of psychosocial rehabilitation. Theoretical possibilities within each dimension and some relationships among them are described, and an example is given of the application of the conceptual framework in the design of a psychosocial group service program. PMID- 7223876 TI - Assessing the nature and clinical significance of psychological contributions to childhood asthma. AB - Psychological factors can enter into and affect the course of childhood asthma in a variety of ways. An organizational schema is presented and guidelines suggested for the clinical assessment of the possible clinical significance of these factors. PMID- 7223877 TI - Stability of ratings vs. perceptions of temperament from early infancy to 1-3 years. AB - A new caretaker questionnaire for assessment of NYLS temperament characteristics in one-to-three-year-olds, part of a series of such instruments, is described. A study of stability of individual differences from early infancy to one-to-three years found significant correlations on all dimensions. Maternal general impressions, however, changed in several ways in the intervening time. PMID- 7223879 TI - Parenting and environmental considerations. AB - Parent education and the prevention of child abuse and neglect continue to be important and difficult goals. A project with a group of urban mothers seeking help in the parenting role illustrates the effects of environmental factors and their use as intervention tools. The efficacy of establishing a self-help type of group in a poor urban area is demonstrated. PMID- 7223878 TI - Spontaneous peer psychotherapy in a day care setting: a case report. AB - Some of the literature on the importance of peer interaction in child mental health is reviewed. A case study of spontaneous peer psychotherapy in a day care setting is described, in which a younger girl aids in the socialization of a withdrawn, older boy. Suggestions for the further study of the day care setting as a psychotherapeutic milieu are offered. PMID- 7223880 TI - Problem solving and social position among emotionally disturbed boys. AB - The 19 most and 19 least popular boys in a residential treatment center were administered the Means-End Problem Solving Test. Social status among peers and problem-solving ability in social situations were found to be related even among emotionally disturbed preadolescents. PMID- 7223882 TI - Intestinal phosphate transport and alkaline phosphatase activity in the chick. AB - The initial rates of phosphate accumulation by isolated chick intestinal epithelial cells have been examined. At high concentrations of phosphate (1.5 mM), phosphate uptake is relatively independent of sodium and demonstrates a pH optimum of 8.0. At pH 8.0, 56% of the uptake is dependent on the presence of Ca in the uptake medium compared to 28% at pH 6.8. Membranes prepared from these same intestinal epithelial cells contain a Ca-dependent phosphatase that can be distinguished from the more abundant Mg-dependent alkaline phosphatase. The Ca dependent phosphatase has a pH optimum between 8.5 and 9.0 and, compared to the Mg-dependent activity, is more readily inactivated at 58 degrees C and is relatively resistant to L-phenylalanine inhibition but more sensitive to ethane-1 hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP). Both activities are distributed in a constant proportion between the brush border and basal lateral membranes and at various segments along the intestine. Vitamin D in vivo and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in vitro stimulated both activities. In vitro, utilizing the isolated intestinal cells, the stimulation of phosphate uptake paralleled the increase in Ca dependent alkaline phosphatase activity. The role of alkaline phosphatase in intestinal phosphate transport is discussed. PMID- 7223881 TI - Cold-induced developmental changes in fat cell size and number in brown adipose tissue of the rat. AB - Seven-week-old Long-Evans rats were acclimated to a constant temperature of either 28 degrees C (control group) or 5 degrees C (cold-acclimated group). Cold acclimation induced a 70% increase in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) relative mass, a 35% increase in DNA content, and a 44% decrease in triglyceride (TG) content, which resulted in a 51% decrease of the TG/DNA ratio. A procedure is described by which brown fat cells were isolated, with a yield of 21% from the IBAT of the control group and of 38% in the cold-acclimated group. In both groups, the brown fat cells accounted for 35-37% of the total cells in the tissue. Cold acclimation induced decreases in the mean fat cell diameter (about 20%), the mean fat cell TG content (50%), and the fat cell TG/DNA ratio (50%). The total number of IBAT fat cells was significantly increased in cold acclimated rats. It is concluded that cold acclimation involves a hyperplasia of the IBAT, associated with a decrease of fat cell size without any alteration of the fat cell-to-nonfat cell ratio. PMID- 7223886 TI - Evidence for interference of 25(OH)vitamin D3 with phosphaturic action of glucagon. AB - The effect of 25(OH)vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] on the phosphaturic action of glucagon was studied using clearance techniques in the following groups of rats: group 1, parathyroidectomized (PTX) glucagon-infused rats receiving intravenous 25(OH)D3; group 2, PTX 25(OH)D3-pretreated rats receiving intravenous glucagon; and group 3, the thyroparathyroidectomized glucagon-infused rats receiving intravenous 25(OH)D3. The effect of 25(OH)D3 on glucagon-induced increase of cAMP in kidney slices and glucagon-activated adenylate cyclase (AC) in kidney membrane fractions was studied in vitro. In group 1, 25(OH)D3 suppressed the glucagon-induced phosphaturia by reducing fractional excretion of phosphorus (CP/CIn) from 0.175 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SE) to 0.112 +/- 0.12 (P less than 0.05); this was associated with a reduction of urinary cAMP from 1,830 +/- 230 to 660 +/- 120 pmol/min (P less than 0.01). In group 2, pretreatment with 25(OH)D3 reduced CP/CIn from 0.221 +/- 0.025 to 0.108 +/- 0.012 (P less than 0.005). In group 3, 25(OH)D3 reduced CP/CIn from 0.165 +/- 0.012 to 0.075 +/- 0.011 (P less than 0.005). In vitro, 25(OH)D3 blunted the glucagon-induced activation of the AC/cAMP system by reducing AC from 570 +/- 30 to 325 +/- 28 pmol cAMP.mg protein-1.h-1 (P less than 0.01) and the cAMP level from 11.2 +/- 0.9 to 8.5 +/- 0.7 pmol cAMP/g wet tissue (P less than 0.05). These results show that 25(OH)D3 blunts the phosphaturic action of glucagon and suggest that this response may be mediated through suppression of the AC/cAMP system. PMID- 7223883 TI - Hormonal control of postnatal development of corticosteroid-binding globulin. AB - The hormonal regulation of the ontogenic rise in serum corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) has been studied in the rat. Pups received daily injections of estrogens (either estradiol, estrone, or diethylstilbesterol, each at 0.05 microgram/g body wt) or thyroxine (0.1 microgram/g body wt) on postnatal days 2 7. When CBG binding capacity was determined on day 8, only the thyroxine-injected pups were found to have elevated CBG. This effect of thyroxine on CBG binding capacity was further studied by daily administration of the hormone (0.1 microgram.g body wt-1.day-1) between postnatal days 5-12. This caused a precocious rise in serum CBG, with CBG values 6- to 38-fold higher than euthyroid controls on days 8, 10, and 12. Conversely, in pups made hypothyroid by administration of propylthiouracil, the normal ontogenic increase in CBG was suppressed. Thyroxine replacement resulted in the reappearance of the CBG rise. These results suggest that the developmental rise in the binding capacity of CBG is independent of estradiol and estrone and instead is elicited by the rising concentrations of circulating thyroxine that normally occur in the early postnatal period. PMID- 7223885 TI - Measurement of urea kinetics in vivo by means of a constant tracer infusion of di 15N-urea. AB - We have assessed the feasibility of studying urea metabolism in vivo in both steady state and nonsteady state situations by means of the primed constant infusion of di-15N-urea and the analysis of the resulting enrichment in plasma urea. Both hepatectomized dogs with known rates of urea infusion and intact dogs were studied. The enrichment of the bistrimethylsilyl derivative of urea was determined on a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Selected ion monitoring was set for m/e 189 (M - 15), m/e 190 (A + 1), and m/e 191 (A + 2), thus enabling the calculation of the rate of urea production from nonrecycled NH3 (from A + 2 data) (Ra N), the rate of recycling of NH3 into urea (Ra R) (from A + 1 data), and thus the total rate of urea production (Ra N + Ra R). When urine collections were made, the incorporation of urea-N into protein was estimated from the difference between Ra N and urea excretion. We found that, in the steady state in a hepatectomized dog, the rate of appearance of urea can be determined accurately. In the nonsteady state in both hepatectomized and intact dogs, urea appearance could be estimated within +/- 20% in most situations. The only situation in which this was not the case was when we attempted to measure rapid changes in Ra R. Thus, within limits, this can be a useful technique enabling the quantitation of various aspects of urea metabolism. PMID- 7223884 TI - Induction of hepatic metallothionein by feeding zinc to rats of depleted zinc status. AB - Induction of hepatic metallothionein was investigated in zinc-depleted rats after a single feeding (via stomach tube) of a complete diet with or without supplemental zinc. Subsequent to a maximum elevation in serum zinc (3.25 micrograms/ml) at 3 h, the rate of metallothionein synthesis increased 4.5-fold by 10 h after feeding. Changes in the rate of metallothionein synthesis coincided with similar changes in the level of translatable mRNA coding for metallothionein. Accumulation in liver of Zn2+ as metallothionein rose to a maximum by 12 h after diet administration and thereafter remained constant. Radioactive zinc (65Zn) included in the diet rapidly associated with newly formed metallothionein. Unlike Zn2+, 65Zn exhibited marked fluctuations within the 24-h period following feeding, indicating that zinc associated with metallothionein may be capable of exchange and/or dissociation. Changes in total liver 65Zn were accompanied by concomitant changes in metallothionein-bound 65Zn. This study has related (temporally) the metabolism of dietary zinc to the induction, apparently via transcription of mRNA, of hepatic metallothionein. PMID- 7223887 TI - Oxalate secretion in the rat proximal tubule. AB - Simultaneous capillary and luminal microperfusion studies in the proximal convoluted tubule of the rat were performed to examine the transepithelial secretory flux of [14C]oxalate. Increases in the concentration of oxalate in the capillary solution from 0.096 to 4.3 mM resulted in progressively higher rates of oxalate secretion into the lumen. Further increases in the capillary concentration of oxalate indicated a tendency toward a plateau. The inclusion of para-chloromercuribenzoate, sodium cyanide, indanyloxyacetic acid, furosemide, or para-aminohippurate in the capillary solution significantly lowered the secretory flux of oxalate. the addition of probenecid in a concentration of 10(-4) M inhibited oxalate secretion when the oxalate concentration in the capillary solution ranged between 1.1 and 4.3 mM, but did not affect oxalate secretion at higher capillary concentrations of oxalate. These results indicate that oxalate secretion in the rat proximal tubule is an active carrier-mediated process. When considered in conjunction with prior studies, the present investigations suggest the possibility that more than one oxalate secretory system exists in the rat proximal tubule. PMID- 7223888 TI - Effect of glucagon on zinc excretion in anesthetized dogs. AB - The present studies were performed on anesthetized dogs to determine whether urinary zinc excretion is altered when plasma glucagon concentration is elevated acutely. Glucagon infusion (5 ng.kg-1.min-1) adequate to double base-line plasma glucagon significantly increased zinc excretion in a reversible manner; plasma zinc concentration was unchanged. A larger dose of glucagon (50 ng.kg-1.min-1) produced no significantly greater effect. Clearance experiments using 65Zn to measure ultrafilterable zinc concentration revealed no change in ultrafilterable zinc during glucagon infusion. In a third series of experiments, acetylcholine (25 micrograms/min) was infused into one renal artery while zinc excretion and renal function of the two kidneys were compared. Acetylcholine did not significantly alter zinc excretion despite large changes in sodium and water excretion. The changes in zinc excretion observed in all experiments correlated well with glomerular filtration rate changes, but additional contributions of changes in tubular handling of zinc cannot be ruled out. PMID- 7223889 TI - Efflux of radiolabeled polyethylene glycols and albumin from rat brain. AB - Experiments were carried out to evaluate the role of convection in the removal of large molecules from brain interstitial fluid. Radiolabeled test compounds were injected into the caudate nucleus of anesthetized rats through a guide cannula implanted 1 wk previously and the concentrations of isotope in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) determined at various times after injection. Control studies with 22Na indicate that the permeability of the blood-brain barrier is normal in tissue surrounding the intracerebral injection cannula. For 69,000 dalton serum albumin, 4,000 dalton polyethylene glycol, and 900 dalton polyethylene glycol, clearance from brain approximates a single exponential decay with half times of disappearance of 12.2, 12.6, and 14.4 h, respectively. Similarly in efflux rate, despite a fivefold difference in diffusion coefficient, is consistent with convective losses from brain, and the maximal rate of interstitial fluid removal estimated on the basis of these data is 0.11 microliter.g brain-1.min-1. Only 10-20% of total efflux is into bulk CSF withdrawn from the cisterna magna. PMID- 7223890 TI - Drainage of cerebral interstitial fluid into deep cervical lymph of the rabbit. AB - Lymph from the jugular lymph trunks of anesthetized rabbits has been continuously collected and radioiodinated albumin (RISA) therein estimated after microinjection of 1 microliter of 131I-albumin into the caudate nucleus, after single intraventricular injections, and during intraventricular infusions. Comparison of lymph at 7 and 25 h after intracerebral microinjection with efflux of radioactivity from whole brain suggests that about 50% of cleared radioactivity goes through lymph. Concentrations, normalized to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), were much higher in lymph and retropharyngeal nodes after brain injection than after CSF injection or infusion. Also after brain injection, lymph and nodes contained more activity on injected side in contrast to lack of laterality after CSF administration. Calculation suggests that less than 30% of RISA cleared from brain can do so via a pool of well-mixed CSF. Analysis of tissues is compatible with much RISA draining by bulk flow via cerebral perivascular spaces plus passage from subarachnoid space of olfactory lobes into submucous spaces of nose and thus to lymph. PMID- 7223891 TI - Microfluorometric monitoring of NAD redox state in isolated perfused renal tubules. AB - We report the successful application of microfluorometric techniques to monitor the redox state of mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in conjunction with measurements of transepithelial transport in intact isolated perfused tubules from the rabbit kidney. The determination of the redox state of NAD yields important information on the delivery of substrate to, and the energy demands on, the tubular mitochondria. These studies required only minor modifications of the basic perfusion apparatus. With this technique we detected net reductions of mitochondrial NAD upon the addition of metabolic substrates (succinate), the inhibition of active ion transport (ouabain), and the inhibition of mitochondrial electron flow (cyanide). Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation with 1799 caused an oxidation of NAD. These changes in NAD redox state are predictable from previous studies in isolated mitochondria, intact tissues, and from experiments on cortical tubule suspensions from the rabbit cortex. PMID- 7223892 TI - Lactate oxidation and sodium reabsorption by dog kidney in vivo. AB - Lactate uptake (Qlact) and oxidation (QCO2lact), oxygen consumption (QO2) and net tubular Na+ reabsorption (TNa), were estimated in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs under control conditions and following unilateral intrarenal injection of ouabain or intravenous infusion of acetazolamide, ethacrynic acid, or furosemide. QCO2lact accounted for approximately half of simultaneous Qlact and for about one third of QO2 in control periods. Ouabain injection resulted in significant decreases in several functions of the injected kidney: TNa, 46%; TNa/FNa, 36%; QO2, 40%; Qlact, 59%; and QCO2lact, 70%. Acetazolamide infusion decreased TNa, 33%; TNa/FNa, 12%; QO2, 10%; and QCO2lact, 38%; but did not change Qlact. Ethacrynic acid diminished TNa, 60%; TNa/FNa, 36%; QO2, 45%; Qlact, 31%; and QCO2lact, 73%. Furosemide lowered TNa, 37%; TNa/FNa, 28%; QO2, 25%; and Qlact, 48%; but did not change QCO2lact, 2%. Results indicate that decarboxylation is a major pathway of renal lactate metabolism, that lactate oxidation is a substantial source of aerobic energy for the kidney, and that QCO2lact is probably functionally related to sodium reabsorption. This relationship appears to be closer for a fraction of TNa associated with ouabain- and ethacrynic acid sensitive mechanisms. PMID- 7223894 TI - Oxygen consumption by the gastrointestinal tract and liver in conscious newborn lambs. AB - We determined blood flow to and O2 consumption (VO2) by the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and liver and also measured cardiac output and whole-body VO2 in nine chronically catheterized unanesthetized lambs (7-16 days of age). Blood flows were calculated with the radionuclide-labeled microsphere technique, and blood O2 contents were measured with an O2 content analyzer. During the fasting state, GI blood flow was 58 +/- 4 (means +/- SE) ml.min-1.kg body wt-1; GI VO2 was 1.4 +/- 0.1 ml O2.min-1.kg-1. Neonatal GI VO2 was linearly related to both GI blood flow and O2 delivery (DO2). GI O2 extraction [(VO2/DO2).100] averaged 28% and did not vary with blood flow or DO2. Liver blood flow was 73 +/- 4 ml.min-1.kg-1 (271 +/- 23 ml.min-1.100 g liver-1), and liver VO2 was 2.0 +/- 0.1 ml O2.min-1.kg-1 (7.3 +/- 0.5 ml O2.min-1.100 g-1). Hepatic O2 extraction varied from 18 to 81% . VO2 by the neonatal liver did not correlate with liver blood flow or DO2. Hepatic O2 extraction, however, was inversely related to liver DO2. Our data indicate that the gastrointestinal tract and liver of the unanesthetized newborn animal exhibit O2 demands 1.5-3 times those reported in the adult. The neonatal gastrointestinal tract meets its O2 demands with a comparatively large blood flow and O2 delivery, whereas the neonatal liver provides for its O2 requirements by varying its O2 extraction. PMID- 7223893 TI - Effect of La3+ on secretagogue-induced Ca2+ fluxes in rat isolated pancreatic acinar cells. AB - Addition of 0.1 mmol/l of La3+ to pancreatic acinar cells increased both the rate and extent of 45Ca+ uptake. Addition of 0.3 mmol/l La3+ did not change cellular 45Ca2+, whereas 1, 2, and 5 mmol/l gradually decreased it. If carbamylcholine (CCh) or the octapeptide of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-OP) was added in the presence of low La3+ concentrations (0.1 and 0.3 mmol/l) to 45Ca2+ equilibrated cells, secretagogue-induced 45Ca2+ release-reuptake was not inhibited. At 1 and 2 mol/l of La3+, however, secretagogue-induced 45Ca2+ release was abolished, whereas uptake of 45Ca2+ was still increased by CCK-OP and CCh. At 5 mmol/l La3+, the effects of secretagogues were completely abolished. In the presence of 2 mmol/l La3+, the atropine-induced 45Ca2+ uptake in CCh-pretreated cells and the dibutyryl guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-induced 45Ca2+ uptake in CCK-OP-pretreated cells were highly reduced. The data are interpreted to support our assumption that CCK-OP and CCh increase the plasma membrane permeability to Ca2+ in pancreatic acinar cells in addition to their action to initiate release of CA2+ from an intracellular Ca2+ trigger pool. PMID- 7223895 TI - Relation between electrical and mechanical activity in esophageal smooth muscle. AB - Experiments were performed in anesthetized opossums. Electrical and mechanical activity was recorded simultaneously from the esophageal body at 5, 3, and 1 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Esophageal responses were evoked by electrical stimulation of vagal efferents or by induced swallowing. Electrical and mechanical activity was associated in 86% and dissociated in 14% of the 1,200 responses examined. The frequency of dissociation was dependent on the site in the esophagus and the frequency of vagal efferent stimulation (P less than 0.05). The interval between the onset of electrical and mechanical events, called electromechanical delay, had a regional gradient: 5 cm above LES greater than 3 cm greater than 1 cm (P less than 0.01). This delay was also dependent on the frequency of stimulation. The amplitude of spike burst and the number of spikes in a burst closely correlated with the amplitude of contraction. These studies show that electromechanical responses and dissociations are dependent on the regional level in the esophagus and the frequency of vagal stimulation. PMID- 7223897 TI - Neural regulation of interdigestive motor activity in canine jejunum. AB - The hypothesis that extrinsic innervation of the small bowel provides pathways for initiation and coordinated propagation of the interdigestive migrating contractions (IMC) was reinvestigated in dogs. Motor activity was measured by chronically implanted force transducers. After a control study, 40-cm segments of the jejunum were extrinsically denervated. All IMC migrated distally through the extrinsically denervated segments. Thiry loops were then constructed from the extrinsically denervated segments, and continuity of the intestine was restored by end-to-end anastomosis. IMC proximal to the anastomosis did not migrate through the extrinsically denervated loop but migrated to sites across the anastomosis. In the extrinsically denervated loop, bands of strong contractions, quite similar to the IMC, occurred at the orad end of the loop independent of the IMC and propagated distally to the caudad end of the loop. The duration, frequency, and migrating velocity of these bands of contraction were different from those of IMC. These results suggest that extrinsic innervation is not essential for the initiation and orad sequential propagation of periodic motor activity like IMC, even when intrinsic innervation is discontinued. PMID- 7223896 TI - Lymph flow during fluid absorption from rat jejunum. AB - The relation between intestinal lymph flow (JL) and fluid absorption rate (JV) was studied with an in vivo jejunal preparation of the rats under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. It was found that in more than 60% of the rats there is a communication between hepatic and intestinal lymphatics. JL was significantly higher in these rats whether the intestine was in the nonabsorptive state or during fluid absorption. This is undoubtedly due to the contribution of hepatic lymph. The increased lymph flow due to fluid absorption in the rats without hepatic lymphatic communication varied over a wide range of 0-27% of the absorbed volume with a mean value of 8%. In the rats with simultaneous fat absorption, JV did not change but JL decreased to about 3% of the absorbed volume. There was no correlation between JL and JV. Furthermore, obstruction of JL caused no change in JV, indicating that the lymphatic system is not indispensable in fluid transport. From these findings, it is concluded that JL is not a constant proportion of the absorbed volume but depends on the pathophysiological state of the intestine. PMID- 7223900 TI - Decreased total venous capacity in Goldblatt hypertensive rats. AB - Mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) and total blood volume (BV) were determined in conscious rats during the early, intermediate, and chronic phases of one-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension. MCFP was determined from arterial and venous plateau pressures during brief circulatory arrest, which was accomplished by inflating an indwelling right atrial balloon. BV as determined from plasma volume (125I-albumin), arterial hematocrit, and the F-cells factor. As compared with one-kidney sham groups, MCFP was significantly increased in one kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive groups at 3, 14, and 28 days postclipping, whereas no significant differences in BV between hypertensive and normotensive groups were observed at any of these time periods. Total vascular compliance, estimated by measuring MCFP before and immediately after rapid BV changes, was significantly decreased in all one-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive groups. These results indicate that venous constriction was increased and whole-body venous capacity was decreased in all three phases of one kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension studied. The mechanism leading to increased venous constriction in one-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension remains to be elucidated. PMID- 7223901 TI - Relaxation of bovine mesenteric lymphatics in response to transmural stimulation. AB - The responses of isolated quiescent segments of bovine mesenteric lymphatics to 10-s trains of pulses (50 V for 0.3 ms at 2 Hz) administered transmurally have been studied using various drugs. Each train of pulses consistently produced a brief contraction that was completely blocked by tetrodotoxin, alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, bretylium, and guanethidine. Cocaine potentiated the contractions. Tyramine caused an increase in the basal tone, some spontaneous contractions, and an inhibition of contraction. The contraction was sometimes followed by a relaxation that could be of short duration or long lasting. Both types of relaxation were abolished by tetrodotoxin. Propranolol reduced both types of relaxation, causing more suppression of the short type. Bretylium completely blocked the short type of relaxation and slightly reduced the long-lasting type. Hexamethonium and atropine had no effect on any of the responses. These findings suggest that the contraction resulting from transmural stimulation is due to the action of excitatory postganglionic sympathetic nerves. It is concluded that both types of relaxation occur mainly in response to beta-adrenergic inhibitory stimulation. The possibility of nonadrenergic inhibitory innervation in bovine mesenteric lymphatics is also discussed. PMID- 7223898 TI - Secondary driving forces affecting transcapillary osmotic flows in perfused heart. AB - We evaluated secondary hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients caused by an osmotic flow across the wall of rabbit heart capillaries in vitro. Tissue fluid loss after addition of 80 mM sucrose to the Ringer perfusate depressed interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) by 13.2 +/- 1.1 cmH2O, as measured with a fine intramyocardial needle. This, plus a calculated rise in capillary pressure, caused a difference of 4.3 cmH2O in transcapillary pressures which represents 1.4% of the simultaneous and opposite osmotic pressure difference. The effect of transient-induced experimental changes in interstitial effect of transient induced experimental changes in interstitial concentration of NaCl (main resident solute) during an osmotic transient and osmotic balance experiments using opposing transcapillary flows (Jv) and a sigma sucrose = 2.9 sigma NaCl. Long term perfusion with solutions having abnormal concentrations of NaCl did not influence Jv, whereas inclusions of sucrose as resident solute depressed Jv by 10%. Results indicate that secondary hydrostatic and osmotic forces are small relative to the main osmotic driving force. Compliance measurements and calculations suggest that cells contribute three-fourths organ water loss during an osmotic transient, thus buffering volume, pressure, and concentration changes in the interstitial spaces. PMID- 7223899 TI - Intracellular recording of in situ ventricular cells during ventricular fibrillation. AB - Transmembrane action potentials (AP) from ventricular cells during ventricular fibrillation (VF) have not been systematically studied. We have recently developed a motion-compensated micropipette holder that holds a micropipette and moves in synchrony with heart motion. AP of subepicardial ventricular cells were recorded in 14 open-chest anesthetized dogs prior to occlusion (control) of left anterior descending artery (LAD) and during first 10 min of reperfusion-induced VF. During control, characteristics (means +/- SE) of AP are: excitation rate (R), 112 +/- 4 beats/min; resting potential (Vr), -79.3 +/- 1.0 mV; overshoot potential (Vov), 17.9 +/- 1.8 mV; 90% AP duration (APD), 251 +/- 8 ms. During VF, AP from the reperfused areas are: R, 173 +/- 27 beats/min; Vr, -60.6 +/- 2.2 mV; Vov, 3.4 +/- 2.9 mV; APD, 134 +/- 9 ms (significantly different from control at P less than 0.001, except R). During VF, cells from the reperfused areas are made inexcitable with verapamil, but not by tetrodotoxin. In conclusion, during VF accurate AP recording is possible from in situ heart, and subepicardial cells in reperfused areas seem to have AP of slow-channel type. PMID- 7223902 TI - Femoral circulatory responses to lumbar nerve stimulation in developing swine. AB - The maturation of femoral circulatory responses to efferent lumbar nerve stimulation was tested in 51 developing swine (1 day-3 mo old) under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia (10-30 mg/kg). Aortic pressure, heart rate, and femoral and carotid arterial flows (measured by electromagnetic flow transducers) were recorded simultaneously. Femoral vascular resistance was calculated as mean aortic pressure/mean flow. Transection of the lumbar nerve fibers below the last ganglion in the sympathetic chain did not after femoral resistance in day-old animals but decreased femoral resistance in swine 1 wk of age and older. Efferent lumbar nerve stimulation at various combinations of frequencies and intensities revealed an atropine-blockable vasodilator component in the femoral circulatory response in swine 1 mo of age and older. After alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade with phentolamine (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg), femoral vasodilation occurred during low frequency and -intensity stimulation of the lumbar nerve only in animals 1 mo of age and older. Acetylcholine (2 micrograms ia) caused a decrease in femoral resistance at all ages. Vasoconstrictor effects of high-frequency stimulation (5 10 Hz) were present at all ages and were age dependent. The results of these experiments suggest that the femoral circulation in swine at birth in innervated by functionally active vasoconstrictor fibers, which do not provide a tonic influence on femoral resistance until late in the first postnatal week. Furthermore, although femoral vascular cholinergic receptors are demonstrable at birth, there appears to be a delay in the maturation of functionally active vasodilator fibers. PMID- 7223903 TI - Mechanism of cerebral arteriolar abnormalities after acute hypertension. AB - Acute severe hypertension induced by intravenous norepinephrine or angiotensin in anesthetized cats equipped with a cranial window caused prolonged arteriolar vasodilation associated with reduced responsiveness to arterial hypercapnia or hypocapnia and passive response to changes in arterial blood pressure. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of such pial arterioles showed discrete destructive endothelial lesions the density of which correlated with the degree of vasodilation. Abnormalities of the vascular smooth muscle were seen in all dilated arterioles but affected only a small number of smooth muscle cells. The oxygen consumption of pial arterioles from cats subjected to hypertension was significantly reduced in comparison to that of vessels from normal animals. The arteriolar abnormalities induced by hypertension were inhibited by pretreatment with inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (indomethacin or AHR-5850) or by topical application on the brain surface of scavengers of free oxygen radicals (mannitol or superoxide dismutase). The results suggest that the mechanism of the arteriolar abnormalities from acute hypertension involves a sudden increase in prostaglandin synthesis that leads to generation of free oxygen radicals. PMID- 7223905 TI - Cardiovascular reflexes elicited by passive gastric distension in anesthetized cats. AB - Hemodynamic responses to passive gastric distension were examined in alpha chloralose anesthetized cats. Gastric balloons were distended with 37 degrees C fluid at slow (50 ml/min) and rapid (250 ml/min) infusion rates before and after laparotomy. Passive gastric distension at the slow infusion rate significantly (P less than 0.05) increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 28%, dP/dt at 40 mmHg developed pressure by 29%, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) by 35%. Likewise, the rapid distension rate significantly (P less than 0.05) increased MAP (20%), dP/dt (16%), and SVR (23%). Heart rate, aortic flow, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure remained unchanged at both distension rates. Cardiovascular responses to passive gastric distension were similar before and after laparotomy. Section of the vagus nerve at the diaphragm did not alter the responses, whereas abdominal splanchnic nerve section significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the changes in mean arterial pressure and dP/dt. These results indicate that passive gastric distension in the cat elicits cardiovascular reflexes sufficient to increase myocardial oxygen demand. Such a reflex response could potentially contribute to postprandial angina in humans. PMID- 7223904 TI - A vasoconstrictor cardiogenic chemoreflex induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - Systemic and skeletal muscle vascular responses to intracardiac prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) were studied in anesthetized dogs. Resistance changes in a vascularly isolated but innervated reservoir-perfused gracilis muscle could occur only neurogenically. Injection of PGF2 alpha or serotonin (5-HT) raised systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) and caused reflex increases in gracilis muscle perfusion pressure (GMPP) that were abolished by alpha-adrenergic blockade. These changes in GMPP are opposite to the expected baroreceptor responses to an increase in BP. Subepicardial local anesthesia attenuated both delta BP and delta GMPP to 5-HT but only the delta GMPP to PGF2 alpha. Changes in BP and GMPP to 5 HT were reduced by vagotomy but not by stellate ganglionectomy. Conversely, stellate ganglionectomy significantly reduced the delta GMPP to PGF2 alpha but not the delta BP. Vagotomy affected neither delta BP nor delta GMPP following PGF2 alpha. Thus, while PGF2 alpha and 5-HT produce reflex vasoconstriction in gracilis muscle that is mediated through sympathetic efferent nerves and initiated by cardiogenic reflexes, apparently PGF2 alpha does so through sympathetic afferent and 5-HT through vagal afferent pathways. Further, since the systemic pressor response to PGF2 alpha persisted after stellatectomy, vagotomy, or local anesthesia, it is independent of the sympathetic cardiogenic chemoreflex. PMID- 7223906 TI - Developmental changes in impulse conduction in the canine heart. AB - We studied the age-related changes that occur in conduction in Purkinje fiber bundles (PF) from adult and 8-wk-old dogs. As PF are stretched, conduction velocity increases to a maximum when bundle length is approximately 1.5 times control. Conduction velocity in adult PF was significantly faster than that in 8 wk PF at all bundle lengths, the maximum being 2.32 +/- 0.45 m/s (mean +/- SD) in adult and 1.56 +/- 0.59 m/s in 8-wk-old dogs. At greater than 1.5 times control length, conduction velocity decreased, as did resting potential, action potential amplitude, and upstroke velocity. At 1.5 times control length, the ratio of PF to collagen in the bundles increased, and structural changes consistent with both unbuckling and unfolding of the cell membranes were seen. At greater degrees of stretch, cleft size diminished, and intracellular edema was noted. In sum, structural changes in cardiac PF can explain the changes in conduction velocity that occur with stretch. At all degrees of stretch, however, velocity is faster in PF from adult than from young dogs. PMID- 7223908 TI - Role of calcium and sodium in strophanthidin inotropy in cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - The effects of strophanthidin on electrical and mechanical events in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers were studied in vitro in the absence and presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), norepinephrine, and high calcium. In Tyrode solution, strophanthidin (1-3 X 10(-7) M), norepinephrine (3-5 X 10(-7) M), and high calcium 8.1 mM) increased the force of contraction, and TTX markedly reduced it. In the presence of TTX, strophanthidin had little or no inotropic effect, whereas that of norepinephrine and high calcium was less than in Tyrode solution. In the presence of TTX, strophanthidin increased force markedly if (and as long as) either norepinephrine or high calcium were also present. A higher dose of strophanthidin (10(-6) M) induced a markedly delayed increase in force in presence of TTX. The results suggest that, in the presence of TTX, in a low concentration strophanthidin has little effect on force, because cellular calcium is low; however, it becomes effective when the calcium is increased by norepinephrine or high calcium. In toxic doses, strophanthidin increases force even in the presence of TTX as the inhibition of the pump should increase intracellular sodium and therefore calcium. PMID- 7223909 TI - Absence of active cutaneous vasodilation associated with congenital absence of sweat glands in humans. AB - In the rare syndrome, hereditary anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (AED), sweat glands are congenitally absent. Assuming normal vasculature and normal central mechanisms, presence or absence of active cutaneous vasodilation (AVD) in hyperthermic subjects with AED critically tests the hypothesis that AVD is a consequence of sudomotor activity. Three men with full expression of the syndrome and a woman who is mosaic were heated in water-perfused suits until oral temperature was 1.4-1.7 degrees C above control. The men showed no sweat gland imprints on iodine-treated paper nor significant elevation in forearm blood flow (FBF, determined plethysmographically). In the woman, we observed sweat gland activity, approximately 9 and 22 glands/cm2, on the right and left side, respectively, and vasodilation, slight on the right and more on the left. Cutaneous vasoconstriction in response to negative pressure applied to the lower body was observed (3 subjects) and local FBF increased in response to local heating (2 subjects). Therefore, in AED, with apparently normal cutaneous vasculature and sympathetic innervation, AVD is absent as well as sweat glands. PMID- 7223907 TI - Inhibition of carotid pressor response by left aortic depressor nerve in dogs. AB - In 12 conscious dogs, the mean increase of 26 mmHg in arterial pressure during carotid occlusion was augmented by 52 mmHg after section of the left cervical vagus nerve and 6 mmHg after right vagal section. In 18 anesthetized dogs, in which the cervical vagal nerves were reversibly cold blocked, corresponding values were 33, 28, and 6 mmHg, respectively. In nine of these dogs, this left sided dominance was present after bilateral section of the vagal cardiopulmonary afferents; it was absent after bilateral section of the aortic nerves in the other nine dogs. In five dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass with heart and lungs excluded, pressure within the isolated aorta and major intrathoracic arteries was raised from 120 to 220 mmHg. The resultant hypotension reflexly induced by activation of aortic baroreceptors was reduced by left but not by right vagal cold block. It was concluded that, in the dog, the left aortic nerve provided the major inhibition of the increase in arterial pressure after carotid occlusion. PMID- 7223911 TI - Sympathetic neural effects on regional atrial recovery properties and cardiac rhythm. AB - The functional distribution of the cardiac sympathetic nerves to the atria and their arrhythmiogenic effects were determined in 16 open-chest pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. Shortening of refractory periods at four right and two left atrial sites during stimulation of the nerves was taken as a criterion of their distribution. Stimulation of right stellate ganglion, craniovagal, and right stellate cardiac nerves produced localized shortening on the right atrium, particularly at the sinus node area, and invariably induced sinus tachycardia. The recurrent cardiac nerve produced little shortening at all sites and less arrhythmiogenic effect. The left stellate ganglion and ventrolateral cardiac nerve affected only left atrial sites and induced atrioventricular junctional rhythm. The ventromedial cardiac nerve affected all sites and had no consistent arrhythmiogenic effect. The innominate nerve had no substantial effect. We concluded that the functional distribution of the cardiac sympathetic nerves is localized, and that rate, rhythm, and refractory period changes induced by stimulation of these nerves are characteristic of the area of distribution. PMID- 7223914 TI - Increased activity of carotid sinus baroreceptors by sympathetic stimulation and norepinephrine. AB - Effects of electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the carotid sinus on the discharge of single active baroreceptor fibers of the rabbit were examined in situ and in functionally isolated carotid sinus preparations with an intact sympathetic innervation under controlled conditions of pressure and temperature. Among 30 single units, 18 units responded to sympathetic stimulation of increasing discharge frequency. The excitatory effect of sympathetic stimulation on baroreceptor activity was not abolished by phentolamine (1 mg/kg iv or 10(-6) g/ml in perfusate). In isolated carotid sinus preparations perfused with Krebs Henseleit solution, various pressure steps were applied to the sinus, and effects of norepinephrine (NE; 10(-9) and 10(-6) g/ml) on activity of nine single baroreceptor units were examined. In the presence of 10(-9) g/ml NE, discharge frequency of all units significantly increased at a given pressure step when compared with the control, whereas NE at a high concentration (10(-6) g/ml) did not produce significant changes in the discharge frequency. It is concluded that NE released by sympathetic nerve endings most likely acts directly on the baroreceptor nerve endings and sensitizes them. PMID- 7223910 TI - Reduction in cardiac contractility during upper respiratory stimulation with cigarette smoke. AB - Lightly anesthetized rabbits were instrumented to measure arterial pressure, peak left ventricular pressure (LVP) and its first derivative (LV dP/dt), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), and respiratory movements. Through a midtracheal incision two cannulas were inserted, one to allow spontaneous respiration of room air and the other to permit perfusion of the upper airways with unfiltered cigarette smoke. When 50 ml of smoke were passed out of the nostrils, we observed apnea (33.3 s), increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (31.9 mmHg) and LVP (38.3 mmHg), as well as decreases in HR (-125 beats/min) and LV dP/dtmax (-45%). After bilateral vagotomy, the responses of MAP and LVP to smoke exposure were not different from those in intact animals. The decrease in LV dP/dtmax (-27%) was, however, significantly less than in intact animals. Also, HR responses were not as pronounced after vagotomy. beta-Blockade after vagotomy abolished the LV dP/dt response to smoke, and the HR response was nearly abolished. MAP and LVP still underwent significant increases due to the smoke. After total sinoaortic denervation plus vagotomy in a second group of animals, a significant fall in LV dP/dtmax (-25%) persisted, and a small HR decrease was observed even when MAP was not allowed to change significantly. The results demonstrate that sympathetic outflow to the heart decreases while there is a net increase in sympathetic activity to the peripheral vasculature. The dramatic vagal bradycardia observed contributes part of the change in LV dP/dtmax. Reflexes originating in the circulation (vagal or sinoaortic) may also contribute to the fall in LV dP/dtmax, but a significant response persists in their absence. PMID- 7223913 TI - Effect of arterial stretch on transmural albumin and Evan's blue dye transport. AB - The influence of arterial wall circumferential stretch (lambda) on the 32-min diffusive mural uptake of 125I-albumin and of Evan's blue dye (EBD) across the injured endothelial surface was studied in the intimal-medial preparation of the canine descending thoracic aorta (DTA). Albumin uptake (MA nmol/cm2) was measured by standard gamma counting techniques and the corresponding EBD uptake (ME) by the reflectance method. MA and ME were measured at a physiological stretch (lambda = 1.4) and at a hypertensive stretch (lambda = 1.8) at four equispaced locations (z) along the DTA. When lambda was changed from 1.4 to 1.8, the average percentage change of MA was -2% and of ME was -4%. These decreases were not significant (P greater than 0.10), and we conclude that arterial wall stretch exerts only minor influence on the parameters governing albumin and EBD-albumin accumulation in the intimal surface of the deendothelialized arterial intimal medial tissue system. PMID- 7223915 TI - An improved transducer for measurement of cardiac dimensions with sonomicrometry. AB - Although pulse-transit sonomicrometry is an accurate and sensitive technique for measuring cardiac dimensions, transducer directionality has been a significant problem in certain applications. Construction of an improved ultrasonic dimension transducer is described for the measurement of global cardiac diameters. The transducer consists of a hemispheric piezoelectric crystal with a quarter wavelength impedance matched faceplate. The in vitro acoustic characteristics of this transducer reveal a substantially improved beam pattern compared to the flat piezoceramic transducer commonly used. This improvement in transducer design greatly facilitates sonic alignment, enhances tracking throughout the cardiac cycle, and allows the measurement of more complex cardiac dimensions. PMID- 7223912 TI - Effects of hyperkalemia and glycoside on thallium exchange in rabbit ventricle. AB - The exchange characteristics of thallium-201 (201Tl) were studied using the isolated arterially perfused rabbit interventricular septum to gain insight into the mechanisms that govern its uptake and subsequent washout from myocardial tissue. The results were compared to potassium-42 (42K) exchange. Unlike 42K, the uptake and tissue washout exchange rates for 201Tl were not equal. The 201Tl washout exchange rate was slower than that for the uptake. Hyperkalemia increased the efflux of both 42K and 201Tl, but the increase in 201Tl efflux was not due to an increase in permeability, as was true for 42K, but to a hyperkalemia, induced increase in compartment size of exchangeable 201Tl. Acetylstrophanthidin (ACS) resulted in an increase in 201 Tl efflux similar to the increase in 42K efflux seen with ACS. However, ACS did not inhibit 201Tl influx, in contrast to the known inhibition of 42K influx. This indicated that influx of tracer amounts of 201Tl was not dependent on the sodium-potassium pump. A model of Tl exchange in rabbit ventricles is proposed. PMID- 7223917 TI - Maximal negative dP/dt as an indicator of end of systole. AB - The maximal negative peak of the first derivative of left ventricular pressure was examined as an index of the end of ventricular ejection by comparing it with the end of aortic flow. Under varying heart rate and afterload situations in anesthetized dogs, a correlation coefficient of 0.982 was obtained with a mean error of less than 0.4 ms. This may be a useful end point for determining systolic time where only ventricular pressure is available. PMID- 7223916 TI - Effects of high-frequency harmonics on cardiac relaxation indices. AB - This study was designed to determine the degree to which the systematic distortions in the pressure curve due to recording and filtering systems influence the relaxation indices. The purposes are 1) to analyze the dependency on the high frequencies of the relaxation and contractility parameters, 2) to determine the degree to which the catheter recordings modify those parameters, and 3) to test the monoexponential hypothesis in which the T index is based (Weiss, Frederiksen, and Weisfeldt, J. Clin. Invest. 58: 751-760, 1976). In 17 open-chest dogs, the left ventricular pressure (LVP) was recorded in four different ways: 1) with a large-bored metal cannula, 2) with a catheter-tip manometer, 3) with a Cournand catheter, and 4) with a pigtail catheter. The ECG and LVP were digitized by a computer. A Fourier analysis was performed, and the LVP waves were resynthesized with different numbers of harmonics. We conclude that 1) the catheter recordings are not recommended to calculate relaxation indices, 2) relaxation parameters present more sources of errors than contractility parameters, 3) the monoexponential hypothesis of T is fulfilled if the isovolumic relaxation is considered to end at the time the LVP is 10 mmHg more than left ventricular end-diastolic pressure level, 4) the dependency on higher harmonics of T index and +dP/dtmax is similar, and 5) -dP/dtmax is much more high-frequency dependent than T index. PMID- 7223919 TI - Posterior problems in the knee. Posterior cruciate insufficiency and posterolateral rotatory insufficiency. AB - During a recent three-year period, 39 patients underwent surgical procedures for lesions of the posterior complex of the knee. The results in 28 followed for greater than six months (average followup, 16 months) are reported; eight are presently in the early rehabilitative phase and three have been lost to followup. In reconstruction for chronic laxity, a semitendinosus replacement of the posterior cruciate ligament with anterior advancement of the lateral arcuate complex is recommended. Use of the medial gastrocnemius tendon is still advised in selected cases. Reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory laxity with an intact posterior cruciate is performed with anterior advancement of the popliteus tendon and the arcuate complex. Pes anserinus transfer, imbrication of the posterior oblique ligament, and biceps tenodesis may be performed as supplemental procedures. PMID- 7223918 TI - An epidemiologic study of squash injuries. AB - A retrospective investigation of squash-related injuries incurred at a private and a public club in New York was undertaken to gain insight into the incidence and nature of such injuries. Telephone interviews were conducted with 200 randomly selected individuals to obtain their entire injury history. Sixty-nine of the 155 squash players contacted sustained injuries during their participation. Some had multiple injuries. This resulted in an overall injury rate of 44.5%. Strains and sprains accounted for over one-third of the injuries. Nearly one-half of the injuries involved the lower extremity, with the ankle and lower leg being injured most often. Forty-seven percent of the injuries seen were considered disabling because the patients were out of action for more than two weeks after injury. Players over the age of 40 are at increased risk for injury, as are newcomers to the game. Increased injury rates were also associated with an increased frequency of play among females. Only rarely will an injured squash player become permanently impaired. PMID- 7223921 TI - Acute dislocation of the patella resulting in a comminuted patella fracture. A case report. PMID- 7223920 TI - Stress fractures through the distal femoral epiphysis in athletes. A previously unreported entity. PMID- 7223922 TI - Anterior compartment syndrome: a case report. AB - The chronic form of the anterior compartment syndrome can be overlooked if the symptoms of leg pain are attributed to shin splints. Herein is presented a case report which I feel represents an acute exacerbation of the chronic form of anterior compartment syndrome in a long-distance runner secondary to bleeding into the extensor digitorum longus muscle. Chronic anterior compartment syndrome can be a disabling injury which may require a fasciotomy, depending upon the severity and duration of the patient's symptoms and the intracompartmental pressures. The lay term "shin splints" should be separated from medical use, and a more reliable assessment of the etiology of the patient's symptoms should be made. The term shin splints should be utilized only for pain localized to the posterior medial border of the tibia at the origin of the posterior tibialis muscle. PMID- 7223923 TI - Simplified thigh brace for arthroscopy. PMID- 7223924 TI - The technique of cruciate ligament reconstruction. AB - Our technique of reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament in both acute and chronic tears, using both the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons, is described in detail. Combined rotatory instabilities were carefully evaluated and corrected during the same operation. Reefing of the posteromedial capsular ligament was done for anteromedial rotatory instability, and for significant valgus instability, the O'Donoghue medial reconstruction was performed. The Ellison procedure was initially done for associated anterolateral rotatory instability, but has been replaced by the Losee procedure. This combination of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the appropriate extraarticular procedures has produced our most stable knee joints. Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was also performed through an anterior incision using both the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. When both cruciates were found to be incompetent, the gracilis was used to reconstruct the posterior cruciate and the semitendinosus for the anterior cruciate. In addition, all associated rotatory instabilities were corrected at the same operation. This technique has been performed on 372 patients (342 anterior and 30 posterior cruciate ligament tears) by one surgeon over a period of five years. The average follow-up was 22 months. Objective comparison of the reconstructed knee with the sound knee showed 84% good results. PMID- 7223925 TI - Surgical treatment of patellar instability: indications and results. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate a consecutive series of 465 patients with patellar subluxation. Both knees were involved in some patients. Therefore, 557 knees were studied. The average age was 24 years. Specific symptoms and signs were reviewed. Instability, swelling, and patella alta were more common in the group requiring surgery. All patients were treated conservatively with specific exercises initially. Failure of this conservative treatment to significantly improve the symptoms, inability to do the activities of daily living, or expected associated pathology were indications for surgery. Surgery was required in 139 patients (27%). Some patients had surgery on both knees. Therefore 149 knees were repaired. The surgical technique consisted of an extensor mechanism realignment. This consisted of release of the lateral patellofemoral ligaments, advancement of the vastus medialis obliquus muscle and, in some cases, transfer of the tibial tubercle. Arthrotomy was done in all cases. Results were evaluated in terms of pain, function, and patellar instability. Signs evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively were tenderness of the retinaculum or bone, patellar mobility, effusion, muscle atrophy, and tone. Range of motion was also evaluated. The average followup lasted three years. PMID- 7223926 TI - Acute posterior cruciate ligament injuries. AB - One hundred and two posterior cruciate ligament injuries were reviewed (43 chronic and 59 acute repairs). The 59 acute repairs were profiled as to cause and site of injury, associated ligamentous damage, clinical examination, patient position at surgery, and reoperation rate. Twenty-two patients were followed up. Motor vehicle accidents and athletics were the usual causes of injury. In the 59 acute repairs, the posterior cruciate avulsion site was femoral in 21, midsubstance in 13, and tibial in 25. The high incidence of associated injuries included medial collateral ligament tears, capsular damage, lateral knee component damage, and anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. Thirteen of 59, believed to have isolated tears, had surgery in the prone position. Twelve were subsequently reoperated. Eight of 12 reoperations were done prone initially for an "isolated" tear. Our acute knees with poor results all had the most supposed "isolated" and midsubstance tears, and the most popliteal surgery. The posterior cruciate ligament tear is due to major violence with associated ligament injuries and has no single universal physical sign. Arthroscopy and examination under anesthesia are recommended to prevent the missed diagnosis (chronic case) or to clarify a suspected "isolated" tear prior to prone popliteal surgery. PMID- 7223927 TI - Achilles tendinitis. PMID- 7223928 TI - Skateboarding fractures. PMID- 7223929 TI - Frozen section diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma: a prospective study of 64 biopsies. AB - Useful morphologic criteria for frozen section diagnosis of pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma were established by prospective review of 64 frozen sections in this region, with permanent section correlation and patient follow up. These were divided into three major and five minor criteria based on frequency of occurrence and reproducibility. Major criteria were: 1) nuclear size variation of 4:1 or greater between ductal epithelial cells, 2) incomplete ductal lumens, and 3) disorganized duct distribution. Minor criteria, less frequently and reproducibly observed but valuable diagnostic aids, included: 1) huge, irregular epithelial nucleoli; 2) necrotic glandular debris; 3) glandular mitoses; 4) glands unaccompanied by connective tissue stroma within smooth muscle bundles (periampullary biopsies); and 5) perineural invasion. Combined application of both major and minor criteria is especially helpful in cases complicated by chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7223930 TI - Management of laryngotracheal trauma. AB - Blunt trauma to the neck requires a systematic analysis of the laryngotrachea, the esophagus and the cervical spine in addition to general trauma considerations. Acute airway decompensation is best managed by tracheotomy, although if the situation permits, an orderly physical examination including indirect laryngoscopy and selected roentgenographic studies will yield an appropriate picture of the injury. Although broad guidelines are helpful, each case may dictate an individual therapeutic modification. PMID- 7223931 TI - Computed tomographic angiography. AB - Computed tomographic angiography performed by the intravenous administration of contrast medium was evaluated in 86 vascular patients. This experience demonstrates a new approach to the evaluation of patients with symptomatic aortic aneurysms, in whom computed tomographic angiography will aid in evaluating the need for emergency surgery. Nonoperative patients are serially evaluated by computed tomographic angiography to detect significant changes in the geometric configuration of their aneurysms. Computed tomographic angiography was beneficial in the evaluation of the patency of vascular reconstructive procedures such as femoropopliteal bypass, aortoiliac bypass and application of a vena caval device. More clinical experience and possibly a rapid sequence technique are needed to evaluate patients with portasystemic shunts. PMID- 7223934 TI - Parietal cell vagotomy for intractable and obstructing duodenal ulcer. AB - Parietal cell vagotomy can be accomplished with minimal morbidity and mortality. Symptoms and signs of delayed gastric emptying early after operation are common and occur more frequently in patients with preoperative gastric outlet obstruction than in those without, a difference that is statistically significant. These symptoms are generally mild and transient. Dumping and diarrhea were not problems in our series. In patients with preoperative gastric outlet obstruction, parietal cell vagotomy with pyloroduodenal dilatation achieved good or excellent results in 79 percent of patients; however, the possibility of a higher recurrence rate requires further evaluation and suggests caution and selectivity in the use of this procedure. The recurrence rate of 3 percent of these patients without gastric outlet obstruction and a very good or excellent clinical result in 91 percent of these patients appear acceptable and encourage us to continue to use parietal cell vagotomy as the procedure of choice in patients with intractable duodenal ulcer. Most patients with recurrent ulcer have been treated medically with success. Close long-term clinical follow-up studies will be required to assess better the success of this procedure. PMID- 7223933 TI - Lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnostic approach and management conclusions. AB - The management of patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding requires a systematic approach based on defined diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Although in 80 percent of patients bleeding will stop spontaneously, 25 percent will have rebleeding and 50 percent of those with rebleeding will bleed again. Angiography documents specific bleeding sites but raises questions related to the incidence, site and frequency of bleeding, as well as the necessity of demonstrating extravasation. We reviewed 49 arteriograms performed for lower gastrointestinal bleeding. We conclude from our findings that angiography identifies a presumptive cause of bleeding in 49 percent of patients; angiography identified the site of bleeding in 86 percent of the patients with active bleeding, thus allowing segmental colectomy. We believe that documentation of angiodysplasia in a patient with lower gastrointestinal bleeding is presumptive evidence for the site of bleeding. Angiography is useful and worthwhile in the work-up of patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding in an attempt to plan localized, definitive resection, and this may lead to a lower mortality rate. PMID- 7223932 TI - Diagnostic utility of cholescintigraphy and ultrasonography in acute cholecystitis. AB - When faced with a patient with possible acute cholecystitis, technetium-99m-HIDA scintigraphy should be the primary diagnostic procedure performed. If scintigraphy reveals a normal gallbladder, acute cholecystitis is excluded. If the scintigram fails to visualize the gallbladder, ultrasonography is deemed advisable to exclude potential false-positive scintigrams and confirm the presence of cholelithiasis. PMID- 7223935 TI - Synergistic effect of acute renal failure and respiratory failure in the surgical intensive care unit. AB - A retrospective evaluation of the effect of renal and respiratory failure on mortality in our surgical intensive care unit was undertaken. The coexistence of combined renal and respiratory failure had a synergistic adverse effect on survival. Combined pulmonary and kidney failure appeared to develop simultaneously. A subset of patients with severe prerenal azotemia but without uremia had the highest mortality. These results are not consistent with the simple combination of single systems failure but rather suggest that renal and respiratory failure are makers of a generalized underlying defect. PMID- 7223939 TI - Presidential address. Nugatory patient selectivity. PMID- 7223936 TI - Blunt injuries to the carotid and vertebral arteries. AB - A small series of patients with blunt injury to eigher a carotid or vertebral artery is presented. In three patients the injury was recognized relatively promptly. Two underwent surgery and one was observed with reasonably good results. In two patients the injury was unrecognized, resulting in death in one patient and in a severe, fixed, long-term neurologic deficit in the other. It appears likely that reconstruction may be the treatment of choice in any patient with angiographically proven injury unless coma or severe dense hemiplegia is present. PMID- 7223937 TI - Applicability and interpretation of electrocardiographic stress testing in patients with peripheral vascular disease. AB - Electrocardiographically monitored arterial stress testing was performed before surgery in 130 patients with peripheral vascular disease. When limitations of claudication or pain at rest precluded treadmill exercise, arm ergometry was employed. The electrocardiographically monitored arterial stress test proved a cost-effective, easily applicable means of screening for coronary artery disease in this group of patients. Unlike statistical analyses of historical risk factors, the electrocardiographically monitored arterial stress test evaluates the current functional state of the myocardium. We believe that preoperative electrocardiographic exercise testing should be employed more widely and should be considered in any patient facing major surgery in whom coronary artery disease is suspected on the basis of past history or known risk factors. In patients who have an ischemic response to exercise, particularly at less than 75 percent of the maximum predicted heart rate, coronary angiography and possibly coronary revascularization should be considered before elective major surgery is performed. PMID- 7223938 TI - Retrocecal appendicitis. AB - The clinical presentation of 105 cases of retrocecal appendicitis was reviewed. Thirty-six percent of the patients had the classic appendicitis scenario of periumbilical pain localizing to the right lower quadrant, accompanied by anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and tenderness and guarding in the right lower quadrant. The remaining 64 percent had subtle variations of this presentation. Retrocecal appendicitis did not have a distinctive clinical pattern in our series. Twelve of the 105 retrocecal appendices were also retroperitoneal. The diagnosis was delayed in four patients and two had flank pain. Five of the twelve appendices were either gangrenous or perforated. Although the number of patients is small, we conclude that the traditional type of retrocecal appendicitis can occur in the retroperitoneal subgroup but that his anatomic variation is infrequent. The incidence in our series was 2.5 percent. PMID- 7223940 TI - Advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. Results of combined regional infusion chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. AB - Sequential intraarterial chemotherapy using bleomycin and methotrexate followed by high dose radiation and surgery was evaluated in 10 patients with stage III and IV squamous carcinomas of the maxillary sinus. Seven of 10 patients had extensive tumor necrosis in the surgical specimen, and no evidence of residual tumor was found in 4 of these patients. After a median follow up period of 24 months, there has been only one local recurrence in resected patients. Three patients died from pulmonary metastases. Although many unanswered questions remain regarding the efficacy of triple therapy for maxillary sinus malignancy, these results are encouraging and establish that surgical resection and healing are not compromised by preoperative chemotherapy and radiation. PMID- 7223941 TI - Repair of tracheal intubation injuries. AB - Occult tracheal injuries occurring at the time of intubation frequently leave a posterior defect and lead to the rapid development of mediastinal infection. Some protection is provided by the endotracheal tube, which may further contribute to delay in diagnosis. Current descriptions of tracheal reconstruction emphasize circumferential excision and reanastomosis, but advanced infection and a probable need for ventilatory support are considered contraindications. Two cases of tracheal injury are reported in which a considerable delay in diagnosis resulted in severe mediastinal infection and respiratory failure. Use of an earlier method of tracheal repair, with pedicled intercostal muscle, resulted in control of mediastinal infection. Respiratory failure was treated effectively with a volume ventilator. It is recommended that the operation be given first consideration for such posterior injuries when they are accompanied by infection or respiratory failure. PMID- 7223942 TI - Antethoracic jejunal esophagoplasty. An alternate method of repair. AB - Antethoracic jejunal esophageal reconstruction is an effective alternative method of repair and should be considered when difficulty is expected with the standard approaches. The primary difficulty with this mode of repair is related to the vascular supply of the jejunum. However, with careful evaluation and management of the pedicle, ischemia of the graft may be avoided. If vascularity appears less than optimal, the proximal anastomoses should be delayed and the graft placed in the subfascial tunnel. If the cervical jejunal portion becomes necrotic, this space may be bridged later with an isoperistaltically positioned free graft utilizing microvascular techniques. PMID- 7223943 TI - Short-term follow-up of surgically treated sarcomas. AB - Seventy-four patients with soft tissue sarcomas received the initial diagnosis in Vancouver General Hospital between 1974 and 1979. The patients ranged in age from birth to 92 years, and all common types of sarcoma were encountered. All but 4 patients were treated surgically, and 30 received radiotherapy and 22 chemotherapy as well. The overall recurrence rate was 70 percent; a large majority or recurrences were local, suggesting inadequate excision. The average time to the first recurrence was 11.5 months and to the fourth recurrence, 30 months. The need for large, multicenter prospective studies combining various methods of treatment is stressed. PMID- 7223946 TI - Vein graft stenosis. Characteristics and effect of treatment. AB - One hundred seventy-three femoropopliteal vein grafts were followed carefully for a minimum of 4 years. Twenty percent developed stenosis in the graft or associated with an anastomosis, usually within 2 years. Appropriate secondary operations were effective in increasing 5 year patency by an estimated 16 percent. Thirteen thrombosed vein grafts treated by early thrombectomy and revision gave poor results. Strict follow-up is recommended. Urgent operation is advocated for tight stenosis to avoid the consequences of graft thrombosis. PMID- 7223944 TI - Extended profundaplasty. Indications and techniques with results of 46 procedures. AB - We performed extended profundaplasty 46 times in 36 patients. Twelve procedures were performed for ischemic ulcers, 23 for ischemic rest pain and 10 for short distance claudication. Fourteen procedures were performed independently, 21 to provide outflow for proximal bypass grafts, and 11 were combined with distal bypass grafts. Four of the 46 procedures failed; the rest have been successful for limb salvage or relief of symptoms at a mean follow-up of 15 months. Technical points emphasized are autogenous patch closure of the entire endarterectomy site and careful attention to end-point detail. The results demonstrate that this procedure provides durable limb revascularization. PMID- 7223945 TI - Experience with 130 polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. AB - One hundred thirty operations utilizing polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) grafts were analyzed after follow-up of 1 to 3 years. The results of femoropopliteal below-knee and femorotibial grafts were disappointing. The polytetrafluoroethylene graft is versatile and allows crossing of the knee joint. It will maintain patency into a poor outflow tract and has a low complication rate. Thrombectomy can be accomplished easily and late. The main disadvantage appears to be neointimal hyperplasia, most obvious when the graft is inserted into small vessels. Sudden occlusion is not uncommon. The polytetrafluoroethylene graft is still a second choice to vein. Its use as a composite graft with vein to small vessels deserves further examination. PMID- 7223948 TI - Surgical implications of infectious mononucleosis. AB - A series of 50 consecutive patients admitted to the hospital with a primary diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the abdominal complaints and physical findings. Forty-eight percent of the patients had abdominal pain. Abdominal symptoms were the chief complaint in 24 percent of the patients. Two cases of splenic rupture are presented. One case of spontaneous rupture of the spleen is emphasized, as there are only 18 well documented cases of true spontaneous rupture of the spleen in infectious mononucleosis. Four young persons with infectious mononucleosis in Portland, Oregon, recently bled to death at home from a ruptured spleen. Guidelines are presented to aid the surgeon in evaluating the patient with infectious mononucleosis. The risk of splenic rupture persists after the patient recovers. Recommendations are made regarding the resumption of physical activity in these young, active patients. PMID- 7223947 TI - Results of oophorectomy by menstrual and estrogen receptor states in patients with metastatic breast cancer. AB - The records of 204 women with metastatic breast carcinoma treated by oophorectomy were analyzed. Premenopausal women had a response rate of 50 percent. Forty-one percent of postmenopausal women responded. Those who responded had an average duration of response of 22 months and a length of survival twice that of the nonresponders. There was a better than 60 percent correlation between response to oophorectomy and response to further endocrine ablation. Response to endocrine manipulation is more a function of the hormonal sensitivity of the carcinoma than of menopausal status. PMID- 7223950 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst. Changing concepts in management. AB - One hundred seven patients with pseudocyst managed during the past decade were reviewed. The mortality rate of 11.2 percent compares favorably with the rates in other recent series. Twenty-two percent of the patients were managed conservatively, and 76 underwent exploration. None of the nonoperative patients died from complications of the cyst. In all five patients (4.8 percent) who died, the cause was sepsis and multiorgan failure unrelated to the cyst. Patients with external drainage had a 90 percent complication rate. In addition, in four of five patients attempts at treatment by needle aspiration failed. Internal drainage of all types was complicated in 50 percent of patients, with a surprising absence of complications associated with cystojejunostomy. Asymptomatic pseudocysts may be safely treated conservatively with a good expectation of spontaneous resolution. Eight patients had pseudocysts secondary to biliary tract disease alone. Perhaps the incidence of this complication would have been lower if the biliary disease had been treated. This would support the argument for early surgical intervention in patients with acute pancreatitis secondary to biliary stones. PMID- 7223949 TI - Choledochal cysts presenting in late childhood and adulthood. AB - Primary excision is well accepted in children. Although the length of follow-up is inadequate, our review of the literature and experience with five patients suggests primary excision as the procedure of choice in older children and adults. Although the number of cases is too small and the follow-up too sporadic to draw statistically valid conclusions, excision has a lower morbidity, mortality and reoperation rate than internal cyst drainage, and definitive removal of tissue at risk for malignant degeneration seems intuitively more appealing. PMID- 7223951 TI - Subtotal colectomy with primary anastomosis without diversion in the treatment of obstructing carcinoma of the left colon. AB - A small series of patients with obstruction from an adenocarcinoma of the left colon is presented. The recommended treatment in selected cases is subtotal colectomy with primary anastomosis without diversion. The morbidity and mortality in this small series was minimal compared with those reported in a much larger series of similar cases treated by bowel decompression with or without concomitant resection of the lesion. Further follow-up of this series is needed. However, this procedure should be considered seriously in selected patients with obstructing carcinoma of the left colon. PMID- 7223952 TI - The distal splenorenal shunt: an enigma. PMID- 7223953 TI - Loss of hepatic portal perfusion after selective shunts. PMID- 7223954 TI - Simple mechanical method for decreasing the incidence of thromboembolism. AB - Increasing awareness of the dangers of low dose heparin therapy has stimulated interest in mechanical methods for decreasing the incidence of thromboembolism. Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the feet while the patient is on the operating table by the use of a mechanical device (the Pedi-Pulsor) significantly decreases the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (45 percent in control patients versus 18 percent with the Pedi-Pulsor [p - 0.05]). In addition, use of this machine during the postoperative period should further aid in decreasing the incidence of thromboembolism. PMID- 7223955 TI - Natural history of patients with untreated liver metastases from colorectal cancer. AB - One hundred fifty-five patients, laparotomized because of colorectal cancer, were retrospectively evaluated with special attention given to the natural course of untreated synchronous liver metastases. The median survival time for patients with synchronous liver metastases was 4.5 months. The survival time was mainly influenced by the extent of tumor involvement in the liver. Patients with elevated levels of serum-alkaline phosphatase at the time of operation had a significantly shorter survival time than those with normal values. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels are a good indication of prognosis. The incidence of synchronous liver metastases was 16 percent. This low rate is partly explained by the development of metachronous liver metastases in five patients within 1 year. Comparison with previous reports, often more than 10 years old, reveals that the poor prognosis of patients with untreated liver metastases from colorectal cancer has remained unchanged. PMID- 7223956 TI - Management of locally recurrent breast cancer adjacent to prosthetic implants. PMID- 7223957 TI - Experimental antireflux intestinal valve. AB - A reflux-preventing valve was obtained by invaginating a 3.5 to 4.5 cm segment of small bowel into the distal lumen, after removing the seromuscular layers at both ends of the segment of bowel. Antiperistaltic pressure resistance, measured at regular intervals during 6 months, showed valves with competence equal or superior to the ileocecal valve. The blood supply to the intussuscepted segment must be carefully preserved. PMID- 7223958 TI - The profunda clamp. A new, versatile vascular instrument. PMID- 7223959 TI - [The water-diviner reflex, its medical importance]. PMID- 7223960 TI - Stepping movement control and response--two-dimensional analysis of dynamic control mechanisms. PMID- 7223961 TI - [Comparative neuro-otologic study of vertigo and body imbalance of cervical and lumbar origin in cervical injuries]. PMID- 7223962 TI - [Vertigo and imbalance due to antero-posterior whiplash and head injury; comparative study using the equilibrium test to analyse neurotic vertigo]. PMID- 7223963 TI - [Statokinesimetry in the evaluation of the sequelae of the post-concussion syndrome due to head injuries in work accidents]. PMID- 7223964 TI - The role of the visual feedback gain in the control of voluntary body movements. PMID- 7223965 TI - Role of the visual feedback in postural control. PMID- 7223966 TI - Cultural differences and the work ethic. PMID- 7223967 TI - The cult phenomenon: transition, repression, and regression. PMID- 7223968 TI - The role of psychiatry in the phenomenon of cults. PMID- 7223969 TI - Rural communes and religious cults: refuges for middle-class youth. PMID- 7223970 TI - The student, the family, the university, and transition to adulthood. PMID- 7223971 TI - Adolescent rebellion and the task of separation. PMID- 7223972 TI - Normal female and male adolescent psychological development: an overview of theory and research. PMID- 7223973 TI - Normality in adolescence. PMID- 7223974 TI - Recent contributions to the theory of female adolescent psychological development. PMID- 7223975 TI - Opportunities in adolescence to rectify developmental failures. PMID- 7223976 TI - Adolescent developmental issues in marital therapy. PMID- 7223980 TI - Our anguished youth: baby boom under stress. PMID- 7223977 TI - The relativity of adolescence: effects of time, place, and persons. PMID- 7223979 TI - Introduction--vulnerable youth: hope, despair, and renewal. PMID- 7223978 TI - Narcissistic guardians: developmental aspects of transitional objects, imaginary companions, and career fantasies. PMID- 7223981 TI - Youth and religious movements. PMID- 7223982 TI - Contemporary youth consciousness: emergent themes in recent American fiction. PMID- 7223983 TI - Adaptation, depression, and transitional life events. PMID- 7223984 TI - Discussion--vulnerable youth: hope despair, and renewal. PMID- 7223985 TI - Adolescent psychopathology and the rapprochement phenomenon. PMID- 7223986 TI - Adolescents at risk for manic-depressive illness. PMID- 7223987 TI - The response of parents to adolescent depression. PMID- 7223988 TI - Adolescent reactions to divorce. PMID- 7223989 TI - Teenage pregnancy: an anthropological, sociological, and psychological overview. PMID- 7223990 TI - Studies of infants at risk and their adolescent mothers. PMID- 7223991 TI - Adolescent homosexual patterns: psychodynamics and therapy. PMID- 7223992 TI - On reconstruction in adolescent analysis. PMID- 7223993 TI - Treatment of the seriously disturbed adolescent. PMID- 7223994 TI - The changing needs of female adolescents. PMID- 7223995 TI - A family-systems model for inpatient treatment of adolescents. PMID- 7223996 TI - Remarks on receiving the William A. Schonfeld Distinguished Service Award. PMID- 7223997 TI - Recurrent large-group phenomena: studies of an adolescent therapeutic community. PMID- 7223999 TI - The missing adolescent. PMID- 7223998 TI - Adolescent psychodynamics and the therapy group. PMID- 7224000 TI - Sociocultural factors, life-style, and adolescent psychopathology. PMID- 7224001 TI - Perspective on family life and social change. PMID- 7224002 TI - Modifications in the traditional psychoanalytic theory of female adolescent development. PMID- 7224003 TI - History in adolescent disorders. PMID- 7224004 TI - [Prenatal fetal karyotype diagnosis in phenotypically healthy women with balanced chromosome rearrangements]. PMID- 7224005 TI - [Chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange study of female workers in the rubber industry]. PMID- 7224007 TI - [Future plan for the activities of the journal, Akusherstvo i Ginekologiia (1981 1985)]. PMID- 7224006 TI - [Concurrence of the diagnoses in siblings with congenital developmental defects]. PMID- 7224008 TI - [Genesis of multiple developmental defects]. PMID- 7224009 TI - [Relation between chorionic gonadotropin excretion and fetal sex]. PMID- 7224010 TI - [Alcoholic embryopathies]. PMID- 7224011 TI - [Fetal alcohol syndrome]. PMID- 7224014 TI - [State of the cardiovascular system in premature newborn infants with intrauterine hypotrophy (polycardiographic studies)]. PMID- 7224013 TI - [Changes in human endometrial cell protein makeup during the developmental process]. PMID- 7224012 TI - [Experimental effect of ethyl alcohol on embryonic and fetal development]. PMID- 7224016 TI - [Transplacental transport of staphylococcal anatoxin (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7224015 TI - [Value of ophthalmoscopic examination in the early diagnosis of cerebral circulatory disorders in newborn infants]. PMID- 7224017 TI - [Action of staphylococcal anatoxin on the fetus (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7224018 TI - [Determination of the bone age of stillborn infants and newborns that die]. PMID- 7224020 TI - [Diagnosis of complications and the obstetrical procedural problems in managing 3d-stage labor]. PMID- 7224019 TI - [Stimulating effect of pregnancy on the growth of cervical cancer]. PMID- 7224021 TI - [Scanning in the real-time mode and its importance in obstetrics]. PMID- 7224022 TI - [Reproductive function disorder in nonspecific salpingo-oophoritis]. PMID- 7224023 TI - [Organization of treatment for endocrine sterility]. PMID- 7224024 TI - [Prospects and potentials of conservative and surgical treatment methods in tubal sterility]. PMID- 7224025 TI - [Surgical treatment of tubal sterility: the status of the problem and its developmental prospects]. PMID- 7224026 TI - [Role of magnetotherapy in the overall treatment of women with reproductive function disturbance]. PMID- 7224027 TI - [Treatment of endocrine sterility in women by hormonal induction of ovulation]. PMID- 7224028 TI - [Echographic diagnostic principles in gynecology]. PMID- 7224030 TI - [Differential diagnosis between extrauterine pregnancy and food toxin infections (salmonellosis)]. PMID- 7224031 TI - [Importance of cellular immunological reactions in the diagnosis and determination of the degree of tuberculosis activity of the female genitalia]. PMID- 7224029 TI - [Hysteroscopic potentials with continuous irrigation of the uterine cavity]. PMID- 7224032 TI - [Introduction to the theme, "Female Sterility"]. PMID- 7224033 TI - [Transvaginal puncture as a diagnostic method in oncological gynecology]. PMID- 7224036 TI - [Carcinoid in a mature teratoma of the ovary]. PMID- 7224035 TI - [Histological and cytological studies in gonorrheal endocervicitis]. PMID- 7224034 TI - [Importance of hysteroscopy in diagnosing endometrial cancer]. PMID- 7224037 TI - [Modern diagnostic and treatment principles of genital infantilism]. PMID- 7224038 TI - [Basic diagnostic and treatment principles of peritonitis in gynecologic patients]. PMID- 7224039 TI - [Principles of examining and treating patients with hormonal sterility of varying origin]. PMID- 7224040 TI - [Effect of helium-neon laser radiation on reproductive processes and fetal development]. PMID- 7224041 TI - [Transplantation method for fertilized ova at the blastocyst stage studied in experimental animals]. PMID- 7224042 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the reactivity of the isolated uterine muscle to uterotonics]. PMID- 7224043 TI - [Biological rhythms of the fetoplacental system in normal and prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 7224044 TI - [Effectiveness of long-term tocolysis]. PMID- 7224045 TI - [Electrocardiogram changes in pregnant women during tocolysis with the beta adrenomimetics, Partusisten and Pre-Par]. PMID- 7224046 TI - [Prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome with glucocorticoids]. PMID- 7224047 TI - [Prevention of pregnancy disorders in the pathological placement of the placenta]. PMID- 7224048 TI - [Morphological changes in the placentas of premature and small-for-gestational age infants]. PMID- 7224049 TI - [Microorganisms in the amniotic fluid: development or death]. PMID- 7224050 TI - [Bacterial factor in cervical incompetence]. PMID- 7224051 TI - [Current aspects in predicting labor in women with pathological pregnancies]. PMID- 7224052 TI - [Prevention of prematurity in multiple pregnancy]. PMID- 7224053 TI - [Comparative evaluation of fetal Doppler cardiography and fetal phonocardiography in the phase analysis of fetal cardiac activity]. PMID- 7224056 TI - [Risk of bacterial contamination in premature infants]. PMID- 7224055 TI - [Determination of newborn infant maturity by clinical tests]. PMID- 7224057 TI - [Effect of nonspecific infections during pregnancy on intrauterine fetal development]. PMID- 7224054 TI - [Anesthesia during cesarean section. The effect of the "induction-birth" interval on the uterus, fetus and the newborn infant]. PMID- 7224058 TI - [Tasks of medical care in the pre- and perinatal periods in relation to demographic phenomena]. PMID- 7224059 TI - [Obstetrical aspects of perinatal mortality and morbidity]. PMID- 7224060 TI - [Experience with elective delivery in certain forms of pathological pregnancy]. PMID- 7224061 TI - [Experience in the use of IUDs and the risk of inflammatory genital diseases in inserting them in the early period after birth]. PMID- 7224062 TI - [Current diagnostic potentials in inflammatory genital diseases in women]. PMID- 7224063 TI - [Suprapubic bladder puncture for detecting postoperative urinary canal infections following gynecologic operations]. PMID- 7224064 TI - [Pathologico-anatomic bases of the treatment of inflammatory adnexal diseases]. PMID- 7224065 TI - [Procedure in acute and exacerbated suppurative, inflammatory processes of the uterine adnexa]. PMID- 7224069 TI - [Clinical value of the numerical evaluation of fetal cardiac frequency data registered with a monitor (Mayer-Menk score)]. PMID- 7224066 TI - [Comparative hemodynamic changes in the organs of the lesser pelvis of women with inflammatory gynecologic diseases and sterility following treatment with Baikal peat and sulfide mineral waters]. PMID- 7224067 TI - [Surgical procedure problems in the treatment of septic abortion complicated by acute kidney failure]. PMID- 7224070 TI - [Inflammatory complications after gynecologic operations]. PMID- 7224071 TI - [Etiology and treatment of pelviopathy in women]. PMID- 7224068 TI - [Surgical treatment of inflammatory diseases of the internal female genitalia]. PMID- 7224072 TI - [Choice of delivery method in breech presentations, especially in premature labor]. PMID- 7224073 TI - [Experience in using the PEEP valve with newborn infants]. PMID- 7224074 TI - [Sensitive tests for the early detection of liver functional changes in late pregnancy toxicoses]. PMID- 7224075 TI - [Structural changes in maternal, gynecologic and perinatal infant mortality at the Maternity House Clinic for the period from 1931 to 1974]. PMID- 7224076 TI - [Antiestrogenic effect of clomiphene citrate on the cervical mucus and an attempt at its elimination]. PMID- 7224077 TI - [Ovarian endocrine function of women with inflammatory gynecologic diseases and sterility treated with sulfide baths at Kyustendil health resort]. PMID- 7224079 TI - [Value of enzymatic cytochemical methods in assessing the biological qualities of sperm]. PMID- 7224078 TI - [Prenatal factors in the pathogenesis of nymphocleisis subtotalis infantum]. PMID- 7224080 TI - [Cystic diseases of the paraurethral glands in women]. PMID- 7224081 TI - [Prognostic value of the early tumor response to radiotherapy in cervical cancer]. PMID- 7224082 TI - [Case of uterine disinsertion]. PMID- 7224083 TI - [Case of symmetrical conjoined twins]. PMID- 7224084 TI - [Mammary hypertrophy and pregnancy]. PMID- 7224085 TI - [DU-1 dynamouterograph: a needed device in gynecologic clinical practice]. PMID- 7224086 TI - [Significance of disseminated intravascular coagulation in the development of asphyctic shock and its diaplacental correction]. PMID- 7224087 TI - [Mechanism of action of a serum factor in some types of pregnancy pathology on various smooth muscles (in vitro experiments)]. PMID- 7224088 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonic obstetrical diagnosis]. PMID- 7224089 TI - Ultrastructural study on myelination in rat spinal cord during the early postnatal stage. AB - The progress of myelination and the appearance of myelinated fibers in the anterior funiculus of the lumbar spinal cord of newborn rats were examined by electron microscopy. Myelin was seen only in the relatively larger axons on the first postnatal day, and the number of myelinated axons increased in number with age, but no tract-specific development in myelination could be observed in the anterior funiculus. During the early development of the white matter in the spinal cord, active immature oligodendrocytes, whose cytological characteristics differed from those of mature oligodendrocytes, were seen. The cytoplasmic processes of these immature oligodendrocytes possessed electron dense material, which might be contributive to oligodendrocytic phagocytosis. This element might play a significant role in the myelination mechanism. PMID- 7224090 TI - Cerebello-cortical heterotopia in dentate nucleus, and other microdysgeneses in trisomy D1 (Patau) syndrome. AB - Several new histological findings in six cases of the trisomy D1 syndrome are described: hyperplasia of fetal structures (indusium griseum, median raphe of the medulla oblongata) and completely developed cerebellar cortical heterotopia in the dentate nucleus. In one case, a heterotopic pontine nucleus was found within the cerebellar white matter. The coexistence of overdeveloped and remaining fetal structures is emphasized. Several hypotheses regarding cerebellar dysgenesis are discussed. PMID- 7224091 TI - Prevalence of sleep-talking in childhood. AB - This report is on the prevalence of somniloquy, as revealed by a populational survey of 2,022 schoolchildren aged from 3 to 10 years. Data were collected by means of a multiple choice questionnaire aimed at the investigation of sleep characteristics (sleep characteristics questionnaire-SCQ) and submitted to statistical analysis. The objective was to detect the prevalence of sleep-talk and influence of age, sex and socioeconomic class on its frequency. About half the children of all ages presented somniloquy at least once a year, but less than 10% presented it everyday. No clearmarked correlation with age, sex or socioeconomic class was found. These results do not confirm the generally accepted notion that there is a higher prevalence in the beginning of the first decade of life and suggest also the necessity of further quantitative and objective assessment of this phenomenon. PMID- 7224093 TI - Friedreich's ataxia in Japan: clinical and genetic analyses in 52 cases. AB - Among 844 proband cases with various types of spinocerebellar degenerations reported to us by about 200 major neurological clinics in Japan, there were 26 males and 26 females with Friedreich's ataxia. Genetic analysis disclosed recessive transmission of these cases. Clinical patterns were almost identical with the cases observed in Europe and Canada. PMID- 7224092 TI - Neuronal depletion of cerebellum in late infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy. AB - The cerebellums of two children with late infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy were investigated by light and electron microscopy. These observations showed that the morphological abnormalities were comprised not only of severe demyelination and presence of metachromatic granules but also marked loss of Purkinje cells and granule cells. The depletion of Purkinje cells is considered to have resulted from demyelination of their myelinated axons. On the other hand, the reduction of granule cells is considered to be caused by the loss of Purkinje cells and presynaptic elements such as mossy fibers and glomerular collaterals of climbing fibers. The depletion of these neurons induced destruction of synaptic connection in the cerebellum. PMID- 7224094 TI - The evolution of some EEG features in normal and abnormal infants. AB - Evolutionary changes of EEG up to one year in 81 infants followed from neonatal periods were studied. Trace alternant (TA) disappeared at 1-2 months in infants with normal outcome and those with cerebral palsy (CP or mental retardation (MR). In patients with CP & MR or those with CP & MR & epilepsy (EP), the time when TA disappeared was delayed. Presence of TA at or beyond 2 months suggests severe brain damage such as CP & MR, or CP & MR & EP. The spindle appeared within 3 months in normal infants and those with CP, but in some patients with CP & MR, or those with CP & MR & EP, no spindle ever appeared. The delay of its appearance beyond 3 months in considered to be an unfavorable sign. There is a very good correlation between neonatal background EEGs and the time of disappearance of TA and spindle appearance. The abnormal background EEGs after the first month suggested severe damage, and no specificity such as might reflect a certain type of developmental disability was found. PMID- 7224095 TI - A form of congenital muscular dystrophy. AB - Five children, between 2 and 10 years old, 3 boys and 2 girls, two of them siblings, showed mild clinical and morphological congenital muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscular signs and symptoms being present from birth or early infancy, aggravated only insignificantly during the course of the disease. Three patients developed right ventricular hypertrophy after the age of 9 years, of whom 2 died of cardiac failure at the age of 11 years. There was probably no cardiomyopathy; pulmonary hypertension of unclear range or slightly elevated. The EMG showed abnormal but non-specific features. A myopathic fiber diameter spectrum, intrafascicular fat cells and mild endomysial fibrosis as well as insufficient fiber typing and type I predominance were prominent in histopathological findings. Ultrastructurally, abnormal myofibers were present in each biopsy although the fine structural pathology was non-specific. The families of the patients came from a genetic isolate in the North-Eastern region of the Federal Republic of Germany. The first 4 patients were genetically related to each other by several links among their families dated back over the last 3 centuries. The fifth patient came from the same area, but unequivocal familial linkage could not be established. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is suggested for this congenital muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7224096 TI - A case of suspected congenital rubella encephalopathy. AB - A case of suspected congenital rubella syndrome was reported. The patient, a 3 month-old female, was admitted because of irregular respiration. She was diagnosed as suspected congenital encephalodysplasia by CT-scan. Her condition deteriorated and she died 11 days after admission. From postmortem findings it was speculated that neuropathological findings were caused by rubella virus infection in uterus and the injury on delivery. PMID- 7224097 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome presenting with signs of ophthalmoplegia. AB - Two cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) presenting with signs of ophthalmoplegia were reported. One showed unilateral internal ophthalmoplegia without external ophthalmoplegia, and the other displayed partial external ophthalmoplegia with sluggish pupillary response to light. It is important to keep in mind the possibility of GBS with acute onset of internal and/or external ophthalmoplegias. PMID- 7224099 TI - Hepato-veno-occlusive disease: case report. PMID- 7224100 TI - Blind nasotracheal intubation made easier for the inexperienced. PMID- 7224098 TI - Development and management of a health system for correctional institutions in Alaska. PMID- 7224101 TI - [Dynamic classification of the asthmatic syndrome in children]. PMID- 7224103 TI - [Levamisole and rheumatic fever]. PMID- 7224102 TI - [Blast response and IgE specific for grass pollens. Biological significance]. PMID- 7224104 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid intolerance and HLA]. PMID- 7224105 TI - Extraction and properties of apple allergens. AB - It is shown that apple allergens are probably proteins and that they can be extracted in an active form only if reactions with phenolic compounds present in apple are inhibited. This is accomplished by incorporating chelators and solid polyvinylpolypyrrolidone in the extraction medium. Phenol, commonly used as a preservative, should not be added. With the RAST, serum-IgE antibodies capable of reacting with apple allergens were detected in 90% of patients with clinical apple allergy, in 44% of patients with clinical birch-pollen allergy and in 5-10% of patients with other atopic allergies. RAST inhibition indicated that apple and birch-pollen allergens cross-react. PMID- 7224106 TI - Time dependence release of allergens from some xerophilic fungi. PMID- 7224107 TI - A three-year-survey of microfungi in the air of Copenhagen 1977-79. AB - The presence and prevalence of common saprophytic airborne microfungi has been studied. Since August 1977 culturable microfungi in the outdoor air of Copenhagen have been monitored. The method used is a volumetric analysis by means of a Biap Slit-Sampler. The microfungal flora was dominated by very few genera, thus Cladosporium, Alternaria, Penicillium and Aspergillus make up 86.8% of the organisms collected. The mere number of microfungal spores might be misleading as a guide to the relative importance of atmospheric allergens. An alternative or a supplementary parameters could be the spore substance expressed as cubic spore substance/m3 of air, as suggested by Hyde (20). Most fungi show a seasonal dependence as well as fluctuations from year to year. The high season for living microfungi is found to be from June until October. The microfungi thus constitute a prolongation of the pollen season, a fact of importance in relation to patients suffering from inhalation-allergy. PMID- 7224108 TI - Incidence of exercise-induced asthma in adult asthmatics. AB - One-hundred and fourteen adults (48 males, 66 females, average age 35.5 years, range 16-61 years) were tested for bronchial asthma. Eighty-nine were given the clinical diagnosis asthma bronchiale. Of these 89 patients (76%) had exercise induced fall in PEF. Twenty-one (24%) showed no fall in PEF. The incidence of exercise-induced fall in PEF was the same among patients with extrinsic as among patients with intrinsic asthma. Out of 25, in whom the clinical diagnosis asthma bronchiale was not confirmed, only one patient had exercise-induced fall in PEF. This patient had chronic bronchitis. Twelve adults without any disease showed no fall in PEF. after exercise. PMID- 7224110 TI - [Carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in the recipients of banked blood (author's transl)]. AB - The Carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) concentrations in banked blood may exceed 10% if the donor had previously been exposed to CO. This applies particularly to heavy smokers. The effects on the recipients of such blood were determined by means of a new method for estimating CO which involves equilibration of the alveolar gases with the partial pressure of CO in the pulmonary capillary blood during closed circuit anaesthesia. From the values the HbCO levels in the blood of the recipient and donor can be calculated, although the latter values are only approximate. An analysis of the findings in 57 single transfusions showed that the differences in HbCO concentrations between donor and recipient varied between -0.12% and -1.5%. The length of storage of the banked blood did not affect the results. Blood from heavy smokers always induced a higher rise of the HbCO levels in the recipient's blood than did blood from non-smokers. HbCO concentrations as high as 13.5% were calculated to be present in the blood of some donors. The method, results and conclusions to be drawn from the findings are reviewed. PMID- 7224109 TI - Effect of terbutaline on cutaneous responses in man to rechallenge with allergen and compound 48/80. AB - Beta-adrenoceptor stimulating agents possess anti-allergic effects in vitro and in vivo. To study the site of action further 15 atopic subjects were pretreated with 1 microgram terbutaline injected intradermally (i.d.) followed by allergen challenge. Other skin sites challenged without such pretreatment served as controls. At different time intervals the skin was rechallenged with the same allergen, dissimilar allergen, or the histamine liberating agent, compound 48/80. In addition terbutaline was injected i.d. alone followed by allergen challenge at different time intervals to determine the duration of the anti-allergic effect. Pretreatment of the skin with 1 microgram terbutaline inhibited skin reactions to subsequently injected allergen with approximately 80% (flare) and 60% (wheal) (P less than 0.001) as compared with control. The inhibitory effect of terbutaline on the wheal and flare response to allergen was found to last up to 8 h (P less than 0.01). Rechallenge with the same allergen or a dissimilar challenging agent resulted in a reduced skin reaction compared with control challenge (P less than 0.01). Skin challenged with allergen in the presence of terbutaline gave a diminished response on rechallenge with the same allergen 24 h later, whereas rechallenge with an unrelated allergen or compound 48/80 produced a response similar to that of the control. The results suggest that allergen challenge in the presence (or absence) of terbutaline desensitizes the mast cells to further challenge with the same allergen and that terbutaline is capable of preventing mediator depletion of skin mast cells. PMID- 7224111 TI - [Computer-assisted documentation in anesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Details are given of a Dietz microprocessor with 48 K Bytes core memory for anaesthetic documentation. The experiences gained with this equipment over a period of two years are reviewed. The storage capacity is sufficiently large to allow its use by several persons for the processing of more than 20,000 anaesthetic records per year. The preparation of the anaesthetic record takes a skilled technician about two minutes. The prompt evaluation of the data and their presentation on either screen or print-out are the main advantages of this system. Information regarding the course of anaesthesia, complications, the identity of the anaesthetist are available instantly and at any time and can be referred to if organizational problems arise. The fact that all relevant data and criteria can be called up whenever wanted also acts as a spur to make use of the information. The system still needs some improvement to make it more efficient. PMID- 7224112 TI - [A computer-assisted monitoring system in intensive care units (author's transl)]. AB - A microprocessor-based monitoring system is described which is currently being evaluated at out hospital. The microprocessor is capable of processing data from 32 channels from the patient's monitoring system as well as practically unlimited data from manual keyboard entries. At present 20 vital cardiopulmonary parameters are calculated in patients in the shock state (real time calculation). PMID- 7224113 TI - [Burn injuries during surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The simultaneous use of high frequency apparatuses and a heated water bed may, in certain unfavourable circumstances result in burn injuries. PMID- 7224114 TI - [A new instrument for the instantaneous and continuous measurement of halothane and ethrane in the air of the operating room]. PMID- 7224115 TI - Transplants: are the donors really dead? PMID- 7224116 TI - Nitrous oxide concentrations in the dental surgery, Atmospheric and blood concentrations of personnel. AB - Pollution in the dental outpatients surgery was assessed by measuring atmospheric nitrous oxide levels and comparing these with the venous blood concentrations in the operator-anaesthetist and his assistant. The effects of scavenging on both measurements have also been determined. Without scavenging the nitrous oxide level in the blood of the dentist was over four times that of the average anaesthetist working in an operating theatre. Some of the factors contributing to these high levels, and the effectiveness of scavenging are discussed. PMID- 7224117 TI - Sex and surgical stress. AB - The endocrine and metabolic response to anaesthesia and surgery was studied in 12 men and eight women undergoing elective total hip replacement using buprenorphine as the intra- and postoperative analgesic. Plasma glucose, cortisol and prolactin were measured, and the results obtained for men and women compared. Statistically significant difference between men and women were found for prolactin during and after operation, and also for cortisol postoperatively. Men, but not women, demonstrated a significant fall in plasma cortisol following a dose of buprenorphine after operation. These results are discussed in relation to known procedures for ablating the stress response and to the neuroendocrine effects of opiate agonists and partial agonists. PMID- 7224118 TI - Effects of intravenous administration of glycopyrrolate and atropine in anaesthetised patients. AB - The effects of glycopyrrolate in doses of 5, 10 and 15 microgram/kg and atropine 10, 20 and 30 microgram/kg on heat rate and rhythm was studied in anesthetised patients. Both drugs produced a dose-related increase in heart rate. Glycopyrrolate was approximately twice as potent as atropine in increasing heart rate. The average time taken to achieve peak effect was 2-6 and 3-7 minutes for atropine and glycopyrrolate respectively, and this was significantly different. The smallest doses of both drugs were generally associated with supraventricular dysrhythmias, whereas these were mainly ventricular following the highest dose of both drugs. PMID- 7224119 TI - Teaching anaesthetics to medical students. The design and evaluation of a course in a new clinical school. AB - The paper describes the rationale and implementation of anaesthetics teaching in the new 2 1/4-year clinical medical course at Cambridge University. A programme designed to monitor and evaluate the teaching established, and the results are reported. Significant improvements in students' knowledge of anaesthetics and their experience of practical procedures were noted, as compared to a control group. It is concluded tha the course achieves the dual aims of providing an introduction to the scope and vocabulary of modern anaesthesia and giving students the opportunity to practise a variety of specified practical skills. PMID- 7224120 TI - Persistent abdominal pain. Treatment by lumbar sympathetic lysis. AB - The organic and psychological problems of patients suffering from chronic abdominal pain are described and three case histories of patients who had undergone multiple surgery for their abdominal pain are presented. All three were treated by lumbar sympathetic lysis, resulting in relief of their pain. The possible reasons for this success are discussed. PMID- 7224121 TI - Anaesthesia for an unusual carcinoid metastasis. AB - The intra-operative course of a patient found to have a metastatic serotonin secreting carcinoid tumour in the orbit is reported. No prophylactic or intra operative therapy was necessary during the administration of enflurane anesthesia. This case demonstrates again the wide spectrum of clinical responses observed among patients with this disease. PMID- 7224122 TI - Inadvertent intra-arterial injection of flucloxacillin. AB - Flucloxacillin 500 mg in 5 ml water was accidentally injected into a radial artery. This resulted in gangrene of parts of the thumb, index and middle fingers, necessitating amputation. Gangrenous areas requiring skin grafting also occurred in the forearm. PMID- 7224123 TI - Epidural block during labour in a patient with spina bifida cystica. AB - A case report is presented of a patient in whom a lumbosacral meningocele had been successfully removed in the neonatal period and who later received a lumbar epidural block for pain relief during labour. Although a high level was chosen for the puncture, deficiency of the dorsal interspinous layer of ligaments complicated the localisation of the epidural space when the 'loss of resistance' technique was applied. Analgesia was achieved more rapidly and with a lower dose of analgesic drug than is normally necessary for satisfactory relief of pain in labour. PMID- 7224124 TI - An indication for hypnosis. AB - A case of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension in a girl who refused local anaesthesia for dental treatment is described. The dental work was successfully managed utilising hypnosis. PMID- 7224125 TI - Alternative method of intercostal blockade. A preliminary study of the use of an injector gun for intercostal nerve blockade. AB - An injector gun of the type developed for vaccinations was used to perform intercostal nerve blocks. Analgesia was achieved in all patients to some degree, but the effectiveness of the technique was limited by the currently available local anaesthestics. PMID- 7224126 TI - Induced hypotension with a mixture of sodium nitroprusside and trimetaphan camsylate. AB - Thirty patients undergoing induced hypotension were given a 10:1 mixture of trimetaphan camsylate and sodium nitroprusside by intravenous infusion. A readily controllable hypotension was produced with considerable reduction in the dosage of these drugs compared to their used individually. There were no cases of prolonged hypotension. PMID- 7224127 TI - A year's experience of functional budgeting in a clinical department. AB - The experience of running a department budget is described together with the likely problems which might arise. PMID- 7224128 TI - Spinal analgesia using bupivacaine 0.5% plain. Variation in the extent of the block with patient age. AB - Bupivacaine 0.5% plain solution was used to produce spinal analgesia on 63 occasions. In 33 patients a fixed dose of 4 ml injected at the L2/3 interspace at 0.5 ml/second produced an extent of analgesia which was directly related to patient age (p les than 0.005). The latency was 17.3 minutes (SD 8 . 4) and duration of action was 286 minutes (SD 62). A second group receiving only 1 ml of solution had a much shorter duration of action (mean 154 minutes, SD 30). In 90% of patients the analgesia obtained was fully sufficient for surgery to be performed and no form of analgesic supplementation was given. On two occasions no analgesia occurred at all. Bupivacaine 0.5% plain proved to be an effective agent for subarachnoid block. The extent of analgesia was, however, poorly predictable, and even with low doses unacceptably high level of block were sometimes achieved. PMID- 7224129 TI - Signs of endotracheal intubation. PMID- 7224130 TI - Air embolism in hip surgery. PMID- 7224132 TI - 2 cases of potentially fatal obstructive defects in endotracheal wire tubes. PMID- 7224131 TI - An acute rise in expiratory resistance due to a blocked ventilator filter. PMID- 7224133 TI - [Thoracic radiography--by indication or routine]. PMID- 7224135 TI - [Inhibition and acceleration of the metabolism of enflurane and methoxyflurane in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Rats exposed to enflurane (100 ppm) or methoxyflurane (300 ppm) in a closed all glass-system eliminated these anesthetics from the atmosphere of the system with a half-life of 6.84 h for enflurane and 0.64 h for methoxyflurane. 24 h-fasting had no influence on these elimination half-lives. An oral load of ethanol (4.8 g/kg p.o.) only prolonged the half-life for methoxyflurane. Pretreatment with diethyl maleate (1 ml/kg i.p.), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, 1 g/kg i.p.) or dithiocarb (100 mg/kg i.p.) prolonged the elimination half-life of both enflurane and methoxyflurane. An accelerated metabolic elimination was only observed in DDT pretreated rats exposed to enflurane; other inducers of the microsomal mixed function oxidase system like phenobarbital or rifampicine had no significant influence on the in vivo metabolism of both enflurane or methoxyflurane. PMID- 7224134 TI - [Epidural morphine analgesia. Postoperative period (author's transl)]. AB - 50 patients after abdominal surgery received peridural morphine for postoperative pain relief. At the end of operation, 2-3 mg morphine in 10-15 ml 0,9% saline were injected peridurally by a catheter, which was placed preoperatively. The injection was followed by a dissociated analgesia. Diffuse pain and wound pain were diminished. Pin prick and temperature were still perceived. Analgesia started within 2-5 min after injection and lasted 14 h in the mean (range 1-49 h). The degree of analgesia was determined by a visual analogue scoring system. The patients reported a marked pain relief. A new dose of 2 mg morphine was given on demand, when the patients felt pain again. This procedure was continued until the second postoperative day. The overall amount of morphine by peridural application was 8 mg within 3 days. Neither clinically nor by blood gas analyzes here were signs of respiratory depression. There were no severe side effects. The advantages of epidural morphine analgesia are: low dose, long duration, lack of sedation and motor block, lack of respiratory depression, tachyphylaxia and sympathetic block. No pneumonia were seen in the epidural morphine group, whereas 4 cases of pneumonia were seen in the control group (n = 50) with conventional analgetics. PMID- 7224136 TI - [Unusual malpositioning of internal jugular vein catheter (author's transl)]. AB - An unusual positioning of a central venous catheter via left internal jugular vein into a branch of left vena pericardiacophrenica within the pericardium is reported. The dangers of this malposition are discussed and measures for prevention suggested. PMID- 7224137 TI - [Recent development in high frequency electrohypalgesia (author's transl)]. AB - After experiences of 1000 operative interventions undertaken during the use of a high frequency generator for production of electrohypalgesia, a technically revised generator was constructed. With that the electrohypalgesia owns a sure apparative basis. The method is suited for high risk patients. PMID- 7224138 TI - [In dubio pro reo]. PMID- 7224139 TI - [Droperidol-ketamine. Clinical studies of an intravenous anaesthesia for peripheral operations on children (author's transl)]. AB - Children aged 4 to 13 years who underwent small surgical operations, received anaesthesia with an intravenous injection of droperidol and ketamine. The children breathed spontaneously. The first group breathed room air only, the second group were given air enriched with oxygen at 21 per min. Five, 15, 25, and 35 minutes after the first injection we made the following measurements: pulse rate, arterial blood pressure, respiratory minute volume and frequency, and arterial blood gases. Arterial pCO2 values remained within the normal range. Arterial pO2 values showed a broad variation from 68 to 162 mm Hg. In the first group 25% of values lay between 68 and 75 mm Hg, where oxygen saturation is still sufficient but the oxygen dissociation curve steepens. In the second group with a higher inspiratory oxygen concentration we never found values below 75 mm Hg. As a result of these investigations we can say that this intravenous combination anaesthesia can be recommended for peripheral operations of short duration if an increased inspiratory oxygen concentration under spontaneous breathing is used. PMID- 7224140 TI - [A simple method for determination of the functional residual capacity during artificial ventilation (author's transl)]. AB - A simple method for determination of the functional residual capacity (FRC) during artificial ventilation by inert gas dilution using a rebreathing technique is described. The measurements can be made during various techniques of mechanical ventilation (eg. PEEP, IMV etc.). Myorelaxation is not required. This technique was used to assess the volume of a lung model (actual volume: 3670 ml) with the result of repeated measures being 3686 +/- 29 ml. Duplicate measurements in artificially ventilated pigs showed a coefficient of variation of +/- 3.2%. In artificially ventilated patients FRC was determined both with this technique and with a reference method, giving a difference of 111 +/- 55 ml (p less than 0.001). The errors in measurements of FRC by this method are small, and as the measurement requires a minimum of time and the apparatus is simple, the method is accurate and yet simple enough to be used on a routine basis in the intensive care unit. Even high risk patients are not disturbed by this technique. The method has the advantage that it can easily be learned by nurses and paramedical personal. PMID- 7224141 TI - [Creatininphosphokinase isoenzymes in anaesthesia-induced myoglobinuria (AIM) (author's transl)]. AB - During a three year period, pediatric patients 4 to 16 years old were post operatively screened for anaesthesia-induced myoglobinuria. All investigated cases had general anaesthesia and received succinylcholine prior to intubation. Anaesthetics were predominantly performed for tonsillectomies and/or adenoidectomies. Of a total of 1704 anaesthetics, 7 (0.4%) resulted in postoperative myoglobinuria without hyperthermia. Anaesthesia-induced myoglobinuria occurs more often than previously presented. This abnormal reaction to succinylcholine is not harmless in all cases. The possible genetic influence on total CPK and its isoenzymes is discussed. PMID- 7224143 TI - [An uncommon complication of cava catheterism (author's transl)]. AB - An uncommon complication of an attempted puncture of the jugular internal vein is described. The danger of life due to the haematoma was removed by surgical intervention. PMID- 7224142 TI - [In vitro studies on the influence of volatile anaesthetics on cell number, cell volume, and cellular protein, DNA, and RNA content (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of the present investigations was to see, if halothane (h), enflurane (e), isoflurane (i), and methoxyflurane (m) exert cytostatic or cytotoxic effects. The experiments were performed on suspension cultures of an established line of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, which were gased by a mixture of N2 (78%), O2 (20%), and CO2 (2%) to which the volatile anaesthetics in 5 different concentrations were added by vaporizers. Under standardized conditions (incubation time: 24 or 48 hrs; initial cell density: 2 X 10(5) cells/ml culture medium) the following results were obtained: 1. All anaesthetics exerted dose dependent cytostatic effects, which were reversible up to concentrations of 2.0 vol% (m), 3.0 vol% (h), and 5.0 vol% (e, i). The cytostatic ID50 values (mmol/l) were found to be 0.50 (h), 1.00 (e), 0.72 (i), 1.25 (m). 2. In cell cultures, which were exposed to anaesthetics for 48 hrs cytotoxic effects were observed after doses of 2.0 vol% (m), 3.0 and 4.0 vol% (h), 4.0 and 5.0 vol% (e and i). 3. In contrast to colchicine, which was studied in comparison to the volatile anaesthetics, the mean cell volume of anaesthetic treated cultures showed only minimal deviations from control values. 4. With exception of m, which produced a significant decrease of the cellular protein content in the dose range 1.5-2.0 vol% and of the cellular DNA content in all concentrations applied the 3 other anaesthetics caused an increase of the cellular protein content and a somewhat smaller increase of the cellular nucleic acids content. The obtained results indicate that the effect of anaesthetic agents on dividing cells is not due to the same mode or site of action, but to an influence on different stage of the cell cycle, particularly the interphase. Colchicine-like c-mitosis were not obtained. PMID- 7224144 TI - [Neurological complications secondary to subclavian venipuncture (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 2 cases of transient phrenic nerve paresis respectively stationary brachial plexus paresis secondary to percutaneous subclavian venipuncture. In retrospect, the disregard of unfavourable anatomical conditions at the site of venipuncture was an important pathogenic factor for this neurological complications. PMID- 7224145 TI - Earache following caval catheterization. PMID- 7224146 TI - ["What do we know about anesthetic mortality?" Comment on Keats' article]. PMID- 7224147 TI - [Comments on Radnay's article, "The effect of equi-analgesic doses of fentanyl, morphine, meperidine and pentazocine on common bile duct pressure"]. PMID- 7224149 TI - Two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of protein mixtures containing active or potentially active proteases: analysis of human exocrine pancreatic proteins. PMID- 7224148 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis under anesthesia with pentazocine/etomidate]. PMID- 7224150 TI - Selection of mitotic Chinese hamster ovary cells from microcarriers. PMID- 7224151 TI - A method for measuring nucleotides in the liver of rat with isotachophoresis. PMID- 7224152 TI - Anomalous interaction of 2-thiopyridone with proteins during thiol-disulfide interchange reactions. PMID- 7224153 TI - A new method for affinity chromatography of heme-binding protein synthesis and characterization of hematin- and hematoporphyrin-agarose. PMID- 7224154 TI - Steady-state kinetic studies of arginase with an improved direct spectrophotometric assay. PMID- 7224156 TI - An anaerobic spectroelectrochemical cell for studying the spectral and redox properties of flavoproteins. PMID- 7224158 TI - Microinjection of Xenopus oocytes. An automated device for volume control in the nanoliter range. PMID- 7224155 TI - Visual detection of fructose-1,6-P2 aldolase after electrophoresis by its oxidative paracatalytic reaction. PMID- 7224159 TI - Variables in the high-performance anion-exchange chromatography of proteins. PMID- 7224160 TI - Recovery of microquantities of subcellular particles by ultracentrifugation in automatic pipet tips. PMID- 7224157 TI - A simple electrophoretic procedure for the determination of the polypeptide composition of the subunits of fraction 1 protein. PMID- 7224161 TI - A new assay for ferredoxin-dependent glutamine oxoglutarate amino transferase (glutamate synthase) using electrolytically reduced methyl viologen. PMID- 7224162 TI - A convenient plate assay for the quantitation of hyaluronidase in Hymenoptera venoms. PMID- 7224164 TI - Analytical chromatography of ribosomal proteins in the fungus, Podospora anserina. PMID- 7224163 TI - Determination of hyaluronate in biological samples by a specific radioassay technique. PMID- 7224165 TI - Detection of gangliosides that bind cholera toxin: direct binding of 125I-labeled toxin to thin-layer chromatograms. PMID- 7224166 TI - Synthesis of methyl[3H]acetimidate of high specific radioactivity, a reagent for radiolabeling proteins. PMID- 7224167 TI - A convenient, rapid method for the resolution of enantiomeric amino acids using chiral phases on stainless-steel capillary gas chromatographic columns. PMID- 7224168 TI - Side reaction of methionine with 4-vinylpyridine during acid hydrolysis of modified proteins. PMID- 7224169 TI - A new thin-layer chromatographic approach for separation of multisialogangliosides. Novel gangliosides fractions in the embryonic chicken brain. PMID- 7224170 TI - An apparatus for the titration of small samples. PMID- 7224171 TI - Dye-binding assay for protein solubilized in the presence or absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. PMID- 7224172 TI - Colorimetric method for the assay of heparin content in immobilized heparin preparations. PMID- 7224173 TI - Microfluorometric filter determination of DNA in sucrose density gradients. PMID- 7224174 TI - Slurry atomization direct atomic spectrochemical analysis of animal tissue. PMID- 7224175 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and fluorescence detection of warfarin and its metabolites by postcolumn acid/base manipulation. PMID- 7224177 TI - Selectivity enhancement of a tissue-based adenosine-sensing membrane electrode. PMID- 7224176 TI - Derivatization with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan for liquid chromatographic determination of hydroxyproline in collagen hydrolysate. PMID- 7224178 TI - Determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in food, water and smoke using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7224179 TI - Separation of protein-bound copper and zinc in human plasma by means of gel filtration -ion-exchange chromatography. PMID- 7224181 TI - The fine structure of the retinal epithelium in the scissortail (Rasbora trilineata) (Teleost). AB - The normal morphology of the retinal epithelium has been studied by transmission electron microscopy in the eye of a teleost; the scissortail (Rasbora trilineata). The retinal epithelium forms a single layer of cells joined laterally by cell junctions. Centrally in the retina these cells are columnar while moving peripherally they are cuboidal and eventually squamous in shape. Apical processes of these cells enclose photoreceptor inner and outer segments and reach almost to the external limiting membrane. Few basal infoldings are seen. In addition to the usual cell organelles seen in retinal epithelial cells, i. e., abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, numerous mitochondria and phagosomes, the central epithelial cells contain numerous lipid tapetal spheres and a few melanosomes. Peripherally the cells contain few or no tapetal spheres and more melanosomes. A population of wandering phagocytes within the epithelial layer is described. Bruch's membrane shows a three-layered composition rather than the usual pentalaminate structure seen in most vertebrates. The choriocapillaris endothelium facing Bruch's membrane is very thin but displays only a few fenestrae. PMID- 7224180 TI - [Aminoacetonitrile and fetogenesis of the rat. III. Malformations of the osseous skeleton (author's transl)]. AB - The paper describes disturbances of ossification and malformations of the osseous skeleton of rat fetuses after application of 300 mg aminoacetonitrile/kg body weight during fetogenesis (days 15--19). Malformations are inducible at all days proved: Single doses of the lathyrogenic agent (intraperitoneally applicated) produce severe scoliosis, bending of extremities, wristdrop of the fore paws, shortening of the lower jaw, cleft palate and distorsion of the ribs. This paper is a continuation of 2 preceding parts dealing with general parameters of reproduction and gross anomalies after application of aminoacetonitrile, and disturbances of internal organ systems. PMID- 7224182 TI - The effect of low dose laser on the functional activities of the mice retina. AB - The amount of uridine uptake of the retina, the phagosome number and the acid phosphatase activity of the pigment epithelial cells after low dose laser treatment were studied. It was found that uridine uptake in the treated retina increased as early as one hour after laser treatment and then gradually returned to normal. The phagosome number showed a decrease 15 minutes after treatment followed by an increase. Finally it returned to normal 160 hours post-treatment. Higher acid phosphatase activity was found in the laser treated eye one hour and 16 hours after treatment and becoming normal again after 40 hours. It was postulated that the synthetic rate of the visual cells was stimulated by laser treatment. The increase in the shedding of the rod outer segments occurred simultaneously with the increase of phagocytic activity of the pigment epithelial cells. The increase of acid phosphatase activity of the pigment epithelial cells was a consequence of the increased phagocytic activity. PMID- 7224183 TI - Study of the venous drainage of the thyroid gland in dogs (Canis familiaris). AB - The authors studied the venous drainage of the thyroid gland in about 30 adult dogs without specific race of both sexes. The study was conducted using Neoprene Latex previously stained with specific pigment injected into cervical venous system, following, after fixation, dissection with disarmed eye or under dissecting microscope (10x). When necessary the cases observed showed 90% more than one venous branch in each glandular pole: 70% one ima thyroid vein and 70% one thyroid venous arch (laringeal); about 50% of dissecting cases drainage exclusively the thyroid gland, whereas the others 50% are responsible for the drainage of surrounding structures. PMID- 7224184 TI - [Course of the external branch of the accessory nerve and its relations with the first portion of the internal jugular vein (author's transl)]. AB - This report is based upon microdissections of 32 right and left hemi-heads. It was observed in 26 pieces of both sides that the external branch of the accessory nerve turns round the medial surface and next to posterior surface of the first portion of the internal jugular vein. In 6 pieces obtained from both sides it was observed that the nerve turns round the anterior surface and next to lateral surface of the internal jugular vein. In the superior portion of the neck, the accessory nerve is also in the interior of the carotid sheath and is involved by an subdivision of this sheath. At this level, the nerve perfurates the carotid sheath and runs down obliquely, to outside and to behind reaching the deep surface of the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles. PMID- 7224185 TI - Morphological observations on the normal cardiac glands of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). AB - The camel's stomach consists of 3 compartments. The third one was subdivided according the external and internal appearance into 3 parts: initial dilated part, middle long narrow part and terminal dilated part with a thick wall. The mucosa in the first 2 parts contain simple tubular glands separated by a clearly visible Lamina propria mucosae, heavily infiltrated with lymphocytes which aggregates to form true lymph nodules especially in the retiform of the initial dilated part. It is concluded that these glands are cardiac glands. PMID- 7224187 TI - [The function W = (a--b e-ct)n, a generalization of the classical growth functions (author's transl)]. AB - The generalization of Bertalanffy's function of length and mass growth and the extension of the Gompertz function to 4 parameters as exercised by the author (Sager 1979 b, a) leads to the equation W = (a--b e-ct)n with positive values of n, and b in the first case and negative ones for n and b in the second case. It is shown that with the range of values for n the above expression comprises all classical functions of organic growth, namely the logistic or Verhulst function (1838), the Mitscherlich function (1919), and the Putter-Bertalanffy functions (1920, 1934) of length and mass development. Moreover, the limiting case n leads to +/- infinity leads to the Gompertz-function (1825), as can be verified by the increase ansatz of the universal expression. Beside graphs examples are given showing the evaluation of the parameters a, b, c and n in the case of free choice as well as c, d and n for the transformed notation W = W0 [(1--de-ct)/(1--d)]n with a given initial value W0 leaving three parameters for choice. PMID- 7224189 TI - The influence of lead on the protein metabolism of the brain. AB - Female rats were poisoned with a blood lead level of 30 micrograms/100 ml. 60 days after starting poisoning the animals were paired. The cronic lead treatment was continued even after birth. By this way the newborns were poisoned via mother's milk and 3 weeks later lead poisoned dry food was given until the animals had reached of body weight of 150--180 g. Then they were injected 8.33 mCi 3H leucine and killed at 1, 7, 24, 48 hours and ten days later. Comparing with unpoisoned control animals the lead treated show partly striking differences in the incorporation rates of 3H leucine. The differences were evident within the cornu ammonis, dentate fascia, precentral gyrus and frontal gyrus. In order to get further informations histochemical reactions were performed. Excepted the reaction of alpha-naphtylesterase all reactions were changed by lead-treatment of the animals: acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, cytochrome-c-oxidase and acetylcholine esterase. PMID- 7224188 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the human amnion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224186 TI - [A propos of the premolars and molars in milk and permanent dentition of dogs (author's transl)]. AB - On the base of our investigation the last 2 teeth of each half-jaw were established to be molars in the milk dentition of dogs: on the upper jaw they are distinguished by a third mediopalatal root and masticatory surface, articulating with the corresponding two molars on the lower jaw. In permanent dentition the fourth premolar of the upper jaw is distinguished by a third mediopalatal root, its masticatory surface articulating with the first molar of the lower jaw, peculiarities characterizing it as the first molar of the same jaw. PMID- 7224190 TI - [Lightmicroscopic studies of plasma permeability at the blood brain barrier in experimental neurogenic interoreceptive hypertension of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The plasma permeation with its consequences on the nervous system was studied by means of an experimental neurogenic interoreceptive hypertension model. Out of 30 experimental animals (5 controls) showed 7 cerebral extravasations with blood pressure value ranging from 160--170 mm Hg within 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, as proved by Evans Blue injection or subsequent staining of the plasma with Luxol Fast Blue. The permeation sites were found hood-shaped on arterioles with a diameter of 15--30 micrometers, in multifocal arrangement with a certain preference for the frontal cerebral structures. The cerebral damages proved to be microinfarctions, mostly incompletely anemic necroses and forms of neuronal degeneration. Topical coincidence with extravasations is not always present. Further causal factors of cerebral lesions are discussed. PMID- 7224191 TI - Coronary sinus and its tributaries. AB - In the present study we found absence of semilunar valve of the coronary sinus in 2 out of 150 hearts (1.33%) and anomalous opening of the middle cardiac vein in 3 out of 150 hearts (2.0%). PMID- 7224192 TI - The morphology of the visual cells of young (2 1/2 months) and old (17 months) albino mice. AB - The visual cells of 2 1/2 m and 17 m mice retinas were compared by scanning electronmicroscopy. A slight decrease in visual cell number per unit area and smaller size phagosomes were observed in the aged retinas. Less mucopolysaccharide was also the feature in the 17 m retinas. PMID- 7224193 TI - [Electromyographic analysis of the levator scapulae and rhomboideus major muscle in movements of the upper limb (author's transl)]. AB - The participation of the levator scapulae and rhomboideus major muscles in some movements of upper limb was analysed in 21 young adult male volunteers. A 2 channel TECA TE 4 electromyograph connected with single coaxial needle electrodes was used. In abduction, elevation, adduction, flexion and circunduction occurred participation of both muscles in free movements of the upper limb. In extension, however, these muscles were inactive. In the same movements analysed with load, it was registered major intensity of action of these muscles as compared with those obtained in free movements. PMID- 7224194 TI - Bilateral three-headed biceps brachii muscles. AB - The body of an 83 year old, Caucasian man was found to have bilaterally symmetrical, 3 headed biceps brachii muscles. Each third had a humeral origin and inserted into a common tendon of insertion with the long and short heads of the same side. This is a significant variation from the norm because of the bilaterality of its existence and because the third heads were of considerable size, each being about half the weight of the ipsilateral long or short head. As expected, innervation and vascular supply were from the musculocutaneous nerve and brachial artery, respectively. PMID- 7224196 TI - Mouse uterine glands during the peri-implantation period. II. Autoradiographic studies. AB - Protein synthesis and secretion in mouse uterine glands during the peri implantation period were studied, by both light and electron microscopic autoradiography, after the in vivo administration of tritiated leucine (3H leucine) and proline (3H-proline). Light microscopic autoradiography revealed that the time course of synthesis and secretion of labeled proteins was constant during days four, five, and six of pregnancy. Labeled material could be detected in the glandular lumen by 45 minutes after administration and in higher concentrations by 90 minutes after administration. Analysis of electron microscopic autoradiographs from days five and six of pregnancy showed that high levels of activity were initially present over the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes and subsequently declined at the longer time intervals (45 and 90 minutes), while activity over the glandular lumen increased with time. The pathway of intracellular transport to the glandular lumen appeared to be via small cytoplasmic vesicles on both days five and six of pregnancy. Additional pathways for transport of the labeled protein to the glandular lumen appeared to be present in the form of the large vesicles on day five and granules on day six of pregnancy. Throughout the peri-implantation period, mouse uterine glands were active secretory structures in which the mode of secretion was similar to other exocrine cells. Thus, the uterine glands of the mouse must be considered a source of uterine fluid proteins at the time of implantation that may contribute to quantitative changes in these proteins. PMID- 7224197 TI - Changes in rat palatal epithelium during neonatal growth. AB - The epithelium of rat palatal mucosa was examined from 2 to 30 days after birth and changes in epithelial thickness, cellularity, average cell volume, mitotic activity and the turnover time of the nucleated cell layer were determined from histological sections. The mean epithelial thickness, which was 35.3 +/- 1.5 micron at 2 days, remained constant for the first 9 days and then progressively increased, reaching 91.7 +/- 1.7 micron by 30 days. This change in thickness was partly bought about by a doubling of the number of nucleated cells per mm2 of the surface, from 90.4 +/- 2.81 X 10(3) to 187.63 X 5.65 X 10(3), and partly due to a change in the ratio of cells in the progenitor and maturing cell compartments, as assessed by the change in volume of an "average" epithelial cell. Mitotic activity also remained constant for the first 9 days and then increased, reaching levels five times greater than initial levels by 30 days. It is suggested that these changes are brought about by frictional stimulation associated with the initial intake of solid food as well as systemic influences related to general growth mechanisms. PMID- 7224195 TI - [Anatomical investigations on the lower leg and foot in cases of hypoplasia and aplasia of the tibia (author's transl)]. AB - Deformities associated with absence or defect of the tibia were investigated on 3 lower legs and feet. In case of bilateral hypoplasia of the tibia, the deformities are nearly identical regarding the muscles and the skeletal system. The main vessels and nerves are developed normally. The extent of malformations seems to be greater in case of aplasia of the tibia. The question, wether some abnormalities typical for a defect of the tibia exist, is discussed. For this our own observations are compared with similar cases described in the literature. PMID- 7224198 TI - The distribution and mobility of anionic sites on the surface of human placental syncytial trophoblast. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution and mobility of anionic sites on the surface of fetal trophoblast in contact with maternal blood using polycationic ferritin (PCF) as a probe. Pieces of human placental villi were washed to remove maternal blood, and fresh, unfixed tissue was exposed to PCF for varying times, concentrations, and temperatures to determine the effects on labeling patterns. The major findings were: 1) anionic sites were localized almost exclusively on the microvillous portion of the trophoblast surface; inter microvillous regions of the surface, including the coated pits, were generally not labeled with PCF; 2) PCF binding present as small clusters on the microvilli. This pattern was observed in tissue incubated 5-10 sec at 4 degrees C and 23 degrees C. The size of the clusters was increased with increased incubation time, suggesting some aggregation or patching can occur; 3) following the formation of patches, the anionic sites showed no evidence of being cleared from the membrane by endocytosis during incubation subsequent to labeling; 4) the binding of PCF to the surface was reduced by pretreatment of the tissue with neuraminidase. Tissue fixed in glutaraldehyde prior to PCF exposure showed both clustered and more dispersed labeling. The results indicate that anionic sites on human trophoblast surface have a non-random distribution and have restricted mobility on the surface. This may be indicative of a segregation of different membrane proteins and functions within different structural regions of the placental cell surface. PMID- 7224199 TI - Morphology, histochemistry, and distribution of serotonin-containing cells in tracheal epithelium of adult rabbit. AB - We have investigated morphologic and histochemical characteristics of serotonin containing epithelial cells in tracheas from adult rabbits, using the Falck Hillarp freeze-dried formaldehyde vapor technique. An intracellular formaldehyde induced fluorescent substance was identified as serotonin by microspectrofluorometric techniques. Fluorescence microscopy and subsequent histochemical staining of the same sections demonstrated that serotonin containing cells were argentaffin-, argyrophil-, and ferric ferricyanide positive. The serotonin-containing epithelial cells were more numerous in ventral than in dorsal aspects of trachea. The number of detectable fluorescent cells was reduced after reserpine administration but was not affected by injecting the amine precursor L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). The emission peak of the fluorophore was not significantly shifted after L-DOPA injections. The cells may regulate tracheobronchial-pulmonary function by releasing serotonin or other as yet unidentified biologically active substances. PMID- 7224200 TI - Effects of varying chamber construction and embryo pre-incubation age on survival and growth of chick embryos in shell-less culture. AB - Shell-less culture involves culturing chick embryos with associated yolk and albumen outside of the eggshell and shell membranes. The technique allows direct access to and continuous observation of cultured embryos almost to the time of hatching. The plastic wrap/culture tripod technique described in this paper allows normal embryonic growth and differentiation from 48 hours (in ovo pre incubation age) through at least 10 days of total incubation. As the duration of in ovo pre-incubation is decreased below 36 hours, there is a concomitant increase in the percentage of grossly abnormal embryos associated with decreased survival and retarded growth and differentiation. Survival of embryos pre incubated for 72 hours through 13 and 18 days of total incubation is greater than 80% and 40%, respectively. The wrap/tripod technique allows substantially better survival and more normal development of cultured embryos than does the petri dish technique of Auerbach et al. (1974). Embryonic growth in 7.8-cm-diameter chambers is significantly greater than in either larger (10.6 cm) or smaller (5.2 cm) diameter chambers. Some gas exchange through the culture chamber walls appears necessary for optimal embryonic survival and growth. Suspending egg contents in either Safeway or Handi-Wrap plastic wrap (both of intermediate permeability) in 7.8-cm tripods resulted in superior growth and/or survival compared to suspension in Silastic sheeting (high permeability), Saran Wrap (low permeability), glass dishes (nonpermeable), or glass dishes lined with an inner layer of Safeway wrap(nonpermeable). PMID- 7224201 TI - Tridimensional study of the deep cortex of the rat lymph node. II: Relation of deep cortex units to afferent lymphatic vessels. AB - Recently, we reported that the deep cortex of the rat lymph node is formed of semi-rounded structures, the "deep cortex units," contiguous to the peripheral cortex and bulging into the medulla. It was suggested that a unit represents an accumulation of lymphocytes centered on the opening of an afferent lymphatic vessel. To verify the proposal, we carried out a tridimensional analysis of serially sectioned rat nodes, fixed by perfusion and trimmed in such a way as to preserve their lymphatics. The tridimensional analysis revealed that a constant topographical relationship exists between the units and the openings of the afferent lymphatics. The results demonstrated that the topographical organization of the deep cortex of a rat node correlates with the distribution pattern of the opening(s) of its afferent lymphatic(s). The overall observations suggested the following explanation for the shape and topography of the units: factor(s) present in the lymph would spread in a radial manner from the opening(s) of an afferent lymphatic through the underlying cortex. The factor(s) would induce morphological modifications in the stimulated semi-rounded area which, in turn, would provoke a local accumulation of circulating lymphocytes. PMID- 7224202 TI - Development of seminal vesicles and coagulating glands in neonatal mice. I. The morphogenetic effects of various hormonal conditions. AB - Seminal vesicles (SV) and coagulating glands (CG) from neonatal mice 1- to 7-days old were observed in whole mount preparations. Untreated, normal SV developed elaborate epithelial branches beginning on day 3 with secondary branches appearing on day 6. Castration (C), estradiol treatment (E), and castration combined with estradiol treatment (C + E) inhibited the morphogenesis of the epithelial branches. Untreated CG formed solid epithelial stalks that developed lateral epithelial buds on day 3 which attained a complex morphological pattern by day 7. Treatment groups (C, E and C + E) displayed a pattern of retarded growth with few epithelial buds appearing even at day 7. The effects of castration on both SV and CG were reversed by the addition of testosterone. Short term in vitro culture of 1-day-old SV and CG glands in control medium or medium supplemented with estradiol did not exhibit visible growth. Culture of SV and CG glands with testosterone or a piece of testis showed pronounced development. PMID- 7224203 TI - Bacterial air filters. PMID- 7224204 TI - Failure of bacterial filters to reduce the incidence of pneumonia after inhalation anesthesia. AB - The authors prospectively studied 520 patients undergoing inhalation anesthesia to evaluate the efficacy of low resistance 0.22-micron bacterial filters in preventing postoperative pneumonias. Patients undergoing elective thoracic, upper abdominal and lower abdominal surgeries were randomly assigned preoperatively to filtered and nonfiltered anesthesia circuits by a study nurse. A second study nurse, who was unaware of patient assignments, followed each patient for five postoperative days to identify possible pulmonary complications. Both groups of patients were similar in age, sex distribution, smoking history, prior pulmonary disease, types and duration of surgery, ASA physical status classification, and receipt of intraoperative antibiotics. No differences in rates of postoperative pneumonia were observed between patients assigned to filtered and nonfiltered circuits (16.7 per cent vs. 18.3 per cent, respectively, P = 0.73). Also no differences were observed when the incidences of other outcome criteria such as postoperative fever, abnormal chest x-ray, sputum production, or abnormal pulmonary physical exam findings were evaluated. The results suggest that bacterial gas filters do not influence the incidence of postoperative pneumonias and that routine use of these devices for this purpose is not cost-effective. PMID- 7224205 TI - Sterile anesthesia breathing circuits do not prevent postoperative pulmonary infection. AB - In a prospective, randomized trial, the effectiveness of sterile anesthesia breathing circuits having bacterial filters in decreasing the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection was evaluated. Two hundred ninety-three patients undergoing major surgical procedures were assigned randomly to receive anesthetics through a sterile, disposable circuit having a bacterial filter, or a reusable circuit that had been washed and dried after previous use. The two groups were well matched for age, sex, type of surgical procedure, type of anesthetic, and history of smoking or obstructive lung disease. A physician observer, who was unaware of these assignments, reviewed the patients' post operative status for evidence of pulmonary infection. The over-all rate of infection was 3.5 per cent; no significant difference in the rates of infection occurred between the two groups. Five (3.6 per cent) of the 138 patients anesthetized with sterile circuits had postoperative respiratory infection, compared with four (2.6 per cent) of the 155 patients anesthetized with unsterile circuits. In both groups, maximum postoperative temperature, white-blood-cell count, and the lowest values for arterial oxygen tension were similar. The authors therefore conclude that when simple hygienic measures are followed, the routine use of sterile anesthesia breathing circuits with bacterial filters does not decrease the risk of postoperative infection. PMID- 7224206 TI - Elevated plasma binding cannot account for the burn-related d-tubocurarine hyposensitivity. AB - Hyposensitivity to the nondepolarizing muscle relaxant d-tubocurarine (dTc) has been reported during the treatment of burn injury. The authors present here evidence obtained by the technique of equilibrium dialysis, that a 1.7-fold increase in dTc binding by plasma constituents occurs one to two weeks following burn injury, a timing which coincides with the onset of clinical hyposensitivity to dTc. Plasma drawn from burned patients at least one week post-burn exhibited a mean dTc-binding capacity of 5.7 +/- 0.9 nmol/g total protein compared to 3.4 +/- 0.7 nmol/g for normal plasma at a final free concentration of 0.5 microM (0.34 microgram/ml). Calculation suggests that increased plasma binding can account only for a fraction of the observed hyposensitivity; other unidentified factors must also be involved. The elevated binding capacity of plasma drawn from burned patients seems unrelated to any of the quantitative or gross qualitative changes in plasma protein profile reported here. Preliminary experiments with metocurine (mTc) show directional changes similar to dTc. PMID- 7224207 TI - Factors affecting the formation of chlorotrifluoroethane and chlorodifluoroethylene from halothane. AB - Since CF3CH2Cl and CF2CHCl are probably the products of reactive intermediates formed during the reductive metabolism of halothane (CF3CHClBr), factors affecting their in vitro and in vivo formation were investigated. In vitro studies with rat hepatic microsomes showed that CF3CH2Cl and CF2CHCl are produced by cytochrome P-450 mediated reductive pathways which were inhibited by the presence of CO. Under conditions of exposure known to promote halothane hepatotoxicity in phenobarbital treated rats (1 per cent halothane, 14 per cent oxygen), the hepatic and blood concentrations of the volatile metabolites were enhanced. Central venous levels of the volatile metabolites were much higher than he concentration in peripheral vessels. The CF3CH2Cl/CF2CHCl ratio in blood was approximately three, whereas the ratio in vitro was almost unity. Liver levels of the two volatile metabolites greatly exceeded the blood levels, but interestingly they were present in equivalent concentrations. The differences in the ratio of CF3CH2Cl to CF2CHCl may be explained by the fact that CF2CHCl is further degraded under oxidative conditions, whereas CF3CH2Cl appears relatively stable. Measurement of these metabolic products in patients undergoing halothane anesthesia may permit rapid detection of an unusually high level of halothane biotransformation along its hepatotoxic pathway. PMID- 7224208 TI - Anesthetic doses blocking adrenergic (stress) and cardiovascular responses to incision--MAC BAR. AB - The reaction to stress, while vital to the conscious animal, may be detrimental to the surgical patient. To assess the stress-ablating action of different anesthetics (halothane, enflurane, morphine, and spinal) and anesthetic doses, we studied the responses in plasma norepinephrine, muscle movement, pupil diameter, heart rate, and blood pressure to induction of anesthesia and incision in 170 unpremedicated healthy adults. The age-adjusted dose (mean +/- SD) of anesthesia that blocked the adrenergic response in 50 per cent of individuals who had a skin incision (MAC BAR) was 1.45 +/- 0.08 MAC for halothane, 1.60 +/- 0.13 MAC for enflurane, or 1.13 +/- 0.09 +/- mg/kg for morphine sulfate (each anesthetic was given with 60 per cent nitrous oxide). No patient with a level of spinal anesthesia that blocked the pain of incision had an adrenergic response to incision. Increasing doses of halothane and morphine were associated with less of a cardiovascular response to incision (as measured by rate-pressure product); this was not true for enflurane. No patient with an adequate level of spinal anesthesia had a cardiovascular response to skin incision. The changes in heart rate, blood pressure, rate-pressure product, and plasma norepinephrine content that occurred with induction of anesthesia tended to equalize these values between patients, regardless of anesthetic dose, and for all individual and combined anesthetics. That is, if a patient's heart rate while awake was below 63 beats/min, heart rate tended to rise 58 per cent of the difference between heart rate while awake and 63 beats/min, and vice versa. Similarly, the change in blood pressure with induction averaged 75 per cent of the difference between systolic blood pressure while awake and 88 torr. The average for the change in rate pressure product with induction was 79 per cent of the difference between rate pressure product while awake and 5917 torr.beats/min. It was concluded that all the anesthetics tested can prevent the neuroendocrine response to skin incision at clinically attainable doses. Thus, comparisons of neuroendocrine stress during surgery require quantitation of anesthetic dose. If adverse effects of surgery are related to the neuroendocrine stress that surgical manipulations induce, the hypothesis "the less anesthetic the better" may be wrong. PMID- 7224209 TI - Pharmacokinetics of edrophonium and neostigmine when antagonizing d-tubocurarine neuromuscular blockade in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of edrophonium antagonism of d tubocurarine neuromuscular blockade were compared with that of neostigmine in surgical patients anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide. After an intravenous (iv) injection of d-tubocurarine (0.3 mg/kg), the single twitch tension was allowed to return to five per cent of the control level. Edrophonium, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg (n = 12), or neostigmine, 0.07 mg/kg (n = 6), was then given iv in combination with atropine, 1.0 mg, as a 2-min controlled infusion. Train-of four and single twitch tension were followed for 60 min in all patients. Twelve patients were monitored for 90 min, six patients for 120 min, four patients for 150 min, and two patients for 240 min. Blood was sampled intermittently for four hours and assayed for edrophonium or neostigmine using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Edrophonium was found to promptly antagonize the d-tubocurarine blockade. Twitch tension rapidly increased to a plateau (a rate of increase in twitch tension of less than 2 per cent of control per min) which was sustained in all cases. The mean time to plateau for edrophonium was 2.9 +/- 0.21 (+/-SE) min as compared to 6.1 +/- 0.75 min for neostigmine. Neuromuscular blockade did not reappear in any patient. The degree of antagonism of the neuromuscular blockade by neostigmine and edrophonium was not significantly different. Except for a longer distribution half-life, the pharmacokinetic variables for edrophonium did not differ significantly from those for neostigmine. The elimination half-lives of edrophonium and neostigmine were 110 +/- 34 min (mean +/- SD) and 77 +/- 47 min, respectively. The authors therefore conclude that edrophonium, 0.5-1.0 mg/kg, has pharmacokinetic variables comparable to neostigmine and produces prompt, sustained, and effective antagonism of d-tubocurarine neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 7224210 TI - Lidocaine and pentylenetetrazol seizure thresholds in cats are not reduced after enflurane anesthesia. AB - Some previous reports indicate that the excitability of the brain may be increased for days following enflurane anesthesia. The authors investigated this possibility in cats by determining whether or not pentylenetetrazol- (Metrazol) or lidocaine-seizure thresholds decreased after repeated enflurane exposure. The lidocaine-seizure threshold was bracketed in 4 cats, and the pentylenetetrazol seizure threshold was bracketed in another 4 cats. Each cat was then exposed to 4 per cent enflurane for 2 hours on 4 successive days. Twenty-four hours after the last enflurane exposure, the cats were injected with the previously determined subthreshold dose of pentylenetetrazol (6.4 mg/kg, on the average) or lidocaine (7.8 mg/kg, on the average). No cat convulsed. It was therefore concluded that under our experimental conditions, repeated enflurane exposure does not increase the sensitivity to drugs which nonselectively excite the central nervous system (e.g., pentylenetetrazol) or to drugs which mimic temporal lobe epilepsy (e.g., lidocaine). This finding cast doubt that brain excitability is increased in the post-enflurane anesthetic period. PMID- 7224211 TI - Measurement of functional residual capacity during mechanical ventilation by simultaneous exchange of two insoluble gases. AB - A precise method for rapid measurement of functional residual capacity (FRC) during mechanical ventilation that uses the simultaneous exchange of argon and nitrogen is described. Circuit leaks were immediately recognizable upon completion of a run, and pneumotachygraphic inaccuracies due to turbulent flows, changes in viscosity, and time delays between pneumotachygraph and mass spectrometer signals were avoided. For 166 duplicate determinations, the first measurement of FRC differed from the second by 0.5 +/- 0.5 per cent (mean +/- SE). The technique does not affect pulmonary gas exchange. During 35 consecutive determinations of FRC (with an inspired oxygen of 50 per cent), mixed expired oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions varied less than 7 and 1.5 torr, respectively. PMID- 7224212 TI - Postoperative respiratory failure following intercostal block. PMID- 7224213 TI - The case of the errant epidural catheter. PMID- 7224214 TI - Stellate ganglion block for sudden profound hearing loss. PMID- 7224215 TI - An automated oscillometric technique for estimating mean arterial pressure in critically ill newborns. PMID- 7224216 TI - Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with syncope--anesthetic considerations. PMID- 7224217 TI - Acromegaly--use of fiberoptic laryngoscopy to avoid tracheostomy. PMID- 7224218 TI - Evaluation of blood microfilters. PMID- 7224219 TI - The use of saline for the differential diagnosis of pain mechanisms. PMID- 7224220 TI - A further statement on automated EEG processing for intraoperative monitoring. PMID- 7224221 TI - A simple in-circuit vaporizer for closed-circuit anesthesia. PMID- 7224222 TI - Regional anesthesia is preferable for the premature fetus. PMID- 7224223 TI - Failure of a new system to prevent delivery of hypoxic gas mixture. PMID- 7224224 TI - Venous plethysmography: measuring techniques and normal values. AB - A fixed procedure of strain gauge plethysmography in a control population aged between 20-30 years allows normal values for venous parameters (venous distensibility, emptying, and resistance) and capillary filtration coefficient, to be determined. High speed recording reveals two phases in venous emptying, one passive, purely elastic, and a second active phase, resulting from venous constriction. PMID- 7224225 TI - Amputation of the ischemic limb: selection of the optimum site by thermography. AB - This report describes the value of infrared thermography in assessing the optimum level of amputation of an ischemic limb. Interpretation of thermograms and the factors that can significantly alter the thermal image of the lower limbs are detailed. Results from 104 patients demonstrate that the thermographic method is a reliable indicator of the level of a major limb amputation. A rationale for the inadequacy of the method when attempting to determine the outcome of a partial foot amputation is considered. PMID- 7224226 TI - A new type of roll-film changer for large field angiography and its chemical applications. PMID- 7224227 TI - Intermittent claudication and hypertension. Ankle pressure and walking distance in patients with well-treated and non-treated hypertension. PMID- 7224229 TI - Essentials and safeguards of surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome. PMID- 7224228 TI - The thoracic outlet syndrome: an assessment of 20 cases with regard to new clinical and electromyographic findings. AB - Twenty patients with a clinically documented thoracic outlet syndrome were studied with regard to their clinical and electromyographic findings. Certain vascular as well as neurologic signs were noted to be prominent, particularly the presence of a supraclavicular bruit as well as reproduction of the patient's symptomatology while doing the thoracic outlet stress test. Other findings such as interossei weakness, ulnar nerve hypalgesia, supraclavicular tenderness to deep palpation, and reproduction of the patient's symptomatology via bilateral shoulder opposition were noted to be present. Classical maneuvers used to diagnose the thoracic outlet syndrome were compared and the thoracic outlet stress test was shown to be the best clinical test available at the present time. In addition, electromyographic studies were done showed abnormalities in only 55% of the cases when using multiple parameters that have been described in the literature recently. A new nerve conduction procedure was described here in which a conductions over the ulnar nerves were obtained in the thoracic outlet stress position and found, in a few cases, to show a reduction in amplitude of the evoked potential obtained at the hypothenar eminence. In addition, some findings suggestive of cervical radiculopathy were noted in the cases studied and several possible explanations for this were discussed. PMID- 7224230 TI - Unilateral hyperlucent lung. Non-invasive diagnosis of pulmonary artery agenesis. PMID- 7224231 TI - Interruption of the aortic arch with complete transposition of the great arteries. Clinical and angiocardiographic diagnosis at the age of one day. AB - The association of complete transportation of the great arteries and complete interruption of the aortic arch is very rare. This combined lesion was diagnosed clinically in a 1-day-old infant in whom it caused cyanosis of the upper half of the body. The diagnosis was confirmed angiocardiographically. We believe this is the youngest patient in whom this diagnosis was made in vivo. PMID- 7224232 TI - Prognostic value of initial blood viscosity on vascular surgery and treatment in peripheral disease. AB - The correlation between extent of arteriosclerosis and blood viscosity, and the reduction in viscosity after successful surgery support the hypothesis that a raised viscosity is a consequence rather than a cause of arteriosclerosis. Measurement of blood viscosity was of little practical help to our team of vascular surgeons when they were faced with the problem of which reconstruction to do and when to do the procedure on a particular patient. The results of our studies show that in patients with arteriosclerosis, in whom only the major arteries are affected, the viscosity of the blood is not grossly abnormal and a knowledge of the blood viscosity does little to influence treatment. Patients with peripheral vascular disease affecting the small arteries and arterioles often have a high blood viscosity. In these circumstances manipulation of blood viscosity by hemodilution or drugs may be of benefit, and there is evidence that isoxsuprine given intravenously can achieve a reduction in viscosity. PMID- 7224233 TI - Clinical relevance of blood viscosity and red cell deformability including newer therapeutic aspects. AB - Peripheral ischemia is mostly due to narrowing of the vessels, although blood supply is also influenced by the hemorheologic properties of the blood. Recent research has revealed that abnormally high blood viscosity can be a contributing cause in ischemia. Therapeutically decreasing the blood viscosity improves the ischemia by increasing flow through the narrowed vessels and may as such offer a valuable alternative to surgery. Different possible therapeutic approaches for decreasing blood viscosity and the related clinical evidence are discussed. PMID- 7224235 TI - Experience with isoxsuprine in the treatment of sickle cell crisis: a proposed mechanism of action. AB - An accidental clinical observation triggered this investigation into the possible beneficial effects of isoxsuprine in the treatment of painful sickle cell crisis. Twenty-four patients were studied with a total of 34 episodes of painful crisis. As they had all been previously treated by us we knew the duration of their crisis under conventional treatment, so that the two regimens with and without isoxsuprine could be compared. Isoxsuprine was administered in 3 successive steps: (1) as an IM injection (5-10 mg), (2) as a rapid IV infusion (1 mg/minute), and (3) as a slow, continuous IV infusion, (0.1-0.3 mg/minute). The results from this study suggest that isoxsuprine exerts in fact a remarkable action in sickle cell crisis by bringing about prompt relief in approximately 80% of the cases within 5 hours, and in 40% of the cases within 2 hours. There were only 2 cases of absolute failure. The hospitalization time was remarkably reduced and the use of narcotics was minimized. Side effects (tachycardia, palpitations, somnolence) have been observed mainly in cases where relatively high doses of isoxsuprine had to be administered IV. PMID- 7224234 TI - Platelet adhesiveness: methodology for testing in humans. AB - Platelets play an important role in the pathogenesis of early thrombus formation and might even be involved in initiating the process of artherosclerosis. Various platelet adhesiveness test methods are discussed. Results of an in vitro test in about 600 patients with various diseases are given. The effect from anti-platelet drugs like dipyridamole and acetyl salicylic acid in preventing increase of platelet adhesiveness due to a biologic stressor are compared with those obtained with isoxsuprine. Platelets play an important role in the pathogenesis of early thrombus formation. Platelets might also be involved in initiating the process of atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is understandable that various test methods to measure platelet behavior has been developed. PMID- 7224238 TI - A comparison of Doppler ultrasonic waveforms processed by zero crossing and spectrographic techniques in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease. PMID- 7224237 TI - Localization of the origin of systolic clicks using echo-pulsed Doppler technique. AB - Echo-pulsed doppler (EPD) studies were performed in 2 surgically controlled patients with systolic clicks. The recorded blood samples documented the click to be originated in the right atrium, at the site of the prolapsed anterior tricuspid leaflet in 1 case of heroin-induced tricuspid acute endocarditis. In the second patient suffering from aortic valve disease, an ejection click was recorded, and could be demonstrated by using EPD, to originate from the aortic leaflet at its time of maximal excursion. EPD apears to be a safe, noninvasive method to solve the problem of the origin of systolic clicks. PMID- 7224239 TI - Head-cocking and visual perception in primates. AB - To examine the phyletic distribution and ontogeny of 'head-cocking' (rotating the cranium about the longitudinal body axis while orienting in a fixed direction) in primates, I conducted observations on 229 individuals of 40 different species. Head-cocking in primates typically occurs during visual inspection of objects. The response is primarily characteristic of diminutive species that lack ocular dominance columns in the visual striate cortex (e.g. marmosets, squirrel monkeys), and is most frequently observed during infancy. PMID- 7224236 TI - Influence of non-selective and selective beta adrenoceptor blockade on isoxsuprine-dependent hemodynamic and rheologic changes. AB - The infusion of isoxsuprine was followed by an increase of heart rate and calf blood flow and by a decrease of arterial diastolic pressure and blood viscosity both in normal controls and patients with peripheral obstructive arterial disease. The pre-treatment with a non-selective beta adrenoceptor blocker (propranolol) canceled all the isoxsuprine-dependent changes, while the pre treatment with a selective beta adrenoceptor blocker (metoprolol) abolished only tachycardia and did not influence the increase of calf blood flow and the decrease of blood viscosity. These findings indicate the different role of vascular beta receptors in the regulation of muscular blood flow and suggest the pharmacologic possibility to unmask the beta2-dependent vasodilation. PMID- 7224240 TI - By ethology out of psycho-analysis: an experiment in interbreeding. PMID- 7224241 TI - Sexual behaviour and reproductive competition in male wild and domestic Norway rats. AB - The copulatory behaviour of male wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed individually to females in hormone-induced oestrus is characterized by fewer mounts and intromissions per ejaculatory series, shorter ejaculation latencies, and longer ejaculatory clasps than the copulatory behaviour of domestic males. Competition between wild and domestic males testes simultaneously in pairs produced only minor changes in copulatory behaviour. The reproductive success of wild and domestic male pair simultaneously exposed to naturally cycling females was nearly equal in both the laboratory and an outdoor enclosure. Genotype of the female had little effect on male copulatory behaviour. The copulatory behaviour of sexually naive and experienced domestic rats did not differ. However, most sexually naive wild males failed to exhibit copulatory behaviour under the test conditions employed. PMID- 7224242 TI - Transient oxygen transport in hemoglobin layers under conditions of the microcirculation. PMID- 7224243 TI - Mass transport in flowing blood: augmentation of solute transport near the wall of a circular conduit. PMID- 7224244 TI - Microprocessor control of intra-aortic balloon pumping. PMID- 7224245 TI - Microwave refraction in the eye. PMID- 7224246 TI - Intramuscular electrical stimulation: tissue damage. PMID- 7224247 TI - Adsorption of human fibrinogen and human serum albumin onto polyethylene. PMID- 7224248 TI - Alternating current electrophoresis of human red blood cells. PMID- 7224249 TI - Removal of an esophageal foreign body using a Foley catheter. AB - A two-year-old child presented with dysphagia due to a coin lodged in his mid esophagus. It was removed by passing a Foley catheter beyond the foreign object, inflating the balloon and slowly withdrawing the catheter. A similar technique using a pediatric Foley catheter can remove smooth-surfaced foreign bodies from the nose. A review of the methods and indications for the procedures suggests their usefulness in emergency department practice. PMID- 7224250 TI - Acute respiratory failure during therapy for salicylate intoxication. AB - The case of a patient who developed severe acute respiratory failure during therapy for salicylate intoxication is described. The individual with aspirin overdose is at risk for this complication because of the potential for treatment modalities to cause or worsen lung edema initiated by the effects of salicylates on the pulmonary capillary bed. PMID- 7224251 TI - Transthoracic pacing during CPR. AB - Twenty-seven patients had transthoracic pacemakers inserted by the subxiphoid approach during advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency department of Detroit General Hospital between May 1977 and March 1979. Twenty one charts were available for detailed review. Pacemaker indications in these 21 cases included electromechanical dissociation in four cases, asystole in 10 cases, pulseless idioventricular rhythm in five cases, and 3 degree heart block in two cases. All patients had failed to respond to conventional chronotropic and inotropic agents prior to pacemaker insertion. Good pacemaker capture was obtained in eight of the 21 patients. Two of the patients with good capture had pulses for about 15 min after capture. One of these two patients rearrested, with signs of pericardial tamponade which was confirmed during emergency thoractomy. Neither of the two patients who had pulses after pacemaker insertion and capture could be stabilized, and both died within 30 min post-insertion. Transthoracic pacemaker insertion during advanced CPR in the emergency department probably does not improve outcome in bradyasystolic arrests if there has been poor response to standard advanced cardiac life support management. PMID- 7224252 TI - Earlier diagnosis of brain tumors by more appropriate testing. PMID- 7224253 TI - Evaluating prehospital emergency cardiac care. PMID- 7224254 TI - Lidocaine levels during CPR: differences after peripheral venous, central venous, and intracardiac injections. AB - Drug administration via peripheral vein, central vein, and intracardiac routes is generally assumed to be equally effective during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Experiments were performed in an animal model to evaluate this assumption. Twelve mongrel dogs weighing greater than 20 kg were studied. Arterial blood pressure and electrocardiogram were monitored continuously. Cardiac outputs were evaluated before CPR to determine control. After thoracotomy and fibrillation of the heart, cardiac massage was started and the rate of compression adjusted to give 30% of control cardiac output. A lidocaine bolus of 1.5 mg/kg was given via peripheral vein in four dogs, central vein in four dogs, and intracardiac (left ventricle) in four dogs. Drug levels were sampled through an aortic catheter at the level of the coronary artery ostia every 20 sec for five min, every 30 sec for 10 min, and every 60 sec for 15 min. There was no significant difference in the appearance of effective levels or time of peak levels in the three groups. The peak levels were highest in the central venous group, while peripheral venous and intracardiac peak levels were 63% and 31%, respectively, of the central venous peak. Duration of effective levels was 20 min in the intracardiac group, 14.5 min in the central venous group, and 9.6 min in the peripheral venous group. Further studies are needed to determine whether changes are needed in drug administration during CPR in man. PMID- 7224255 TI - Reversal of tricyclic-antidepressant-induced cardiac conduction abnormalities by phenytoin. AB - Ten patients with cardiac conduction defects due to severe tricyclic antidepressant poisoning were successfully treated with intravenous phenytoin. Eight patients had combined first degree AV block and intraventricular conduction delay; one patient had first degree AV block alone; and one patient had intraventricular conduction delay alone. Phenytoin was injected at a rate of 50 mg/min in amounts not exceeding 500 mg (approximately 5 mg/kg to 7 mg/kg). Five patients had complete normalization within 46 min. The remaining five patients showed improvement in their conduction defects shortly after phenytoin treatment, with complete normalization occurring within 14 hr. This investigation demonstrated the effectiveness of phenytoin in reversing tricyclic-antidepressant induced cardiac conduction abnormalities. Phenytoin is a logical drug for the treatment of severe tricyclic antidepressant poisoning signalled by first degree AV block and/or intraventricular conduction delay. PMID- 7224256 TI - Ethylene glycol poisoning: diagnosis based on high osmolal and anion gaps and crystalluria. AB - We report a case of ethylene glycol poisoning in a 54-year-old man found comatose on the street. No history was available. The diagnosis was based on the findings of a high anion gap metabolic acidosis, a high osmolal gap, and the presence of oxalate and hippurate crystals in the urine. The diagnosis was confirmed later by an ethylene glycol level of 775 mg/dl. This case illustrates how these parameters can be used in the emergency department for rapid diagnosis and management. PMID- 7224257 TI - Abuse of antiparkinsonian drugs. AB - Abuse of the antiparkinsonian agents for their hallucinogenic and euphoriant effects is likely more prevalent than reported. Two clinical cases are presented, with discussion of symptoms and response to a diagnostic trial of physostigmine. PMID- 7224258 TI - Effect of pneumatic trousers on intracranial pressure in hypovolemic dogs with an intracranial mass. AB - Thirty-six dogs under chloralose anesthesia were studied in groups of six. Arterial pressure (BP), central venous pressure (CVP), intracranial pressure (ICP), and arterial blood gases were monitored. The group underwent: 1) anesthesia only; 2) phlebotomy (P) (40% of blood volume) and reinfusion (RI) of half the shed blood plus Ringer's lactate solution; 3) P followed by pneumatic trousers (PT), and then RI; 4) inflation of an epidural 2-cc Foley catheter (EFC); 5) P followed by EFC and then RI; and 6) P followed by EFC and then by PT and RI. Group 1 was stable. In Group 2, P lowered BP (49 torr systolic +/- 6 SEM), CVP, and ICP. RI restored these. In Group 3, the PT improved BP (P less than .05) without increasing ICP. In Group 4, EFC increased ICP (P less than .05) to 15 +/- 4 torr. In Groups 5 and 6, ICP was not significantly increased by EFC or PT and RI. PMID- 7224259 TI - Augmentation of systolic blood pressure during external cardiac compression by use of the MAST suit. AB - External cardiac compression has been shown to circulate blood effectively, but the systolic pressures obtained are less than normal cardiac functioning. This study was undertaken to determine whether applying the military anti-shock trouser (MAST) suit resulted in improving systolic blood pressure while using external cardiac compression during cardiac resuscitation. Individuals admitted to the emergency department in cardiac arrest had external cardiac massage applied at a constant rate and force. Intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring was established and baseline systolic blood pressure obtained. In eight patients, the average increase in systolic blood pressure utilizing the MAST suit was 15 mm Hg. The implications of these findings, as well as other means to increase cardiac output in the cardiac arrest patient, are discussed. These findings will be related to both prehospital and emergency department care of patients in cardiac arrest. PMID- 7224260 TI - Hemodynamic effects of military anti-shock trousers (MAST) in experimental cardiac tamponade. AB - The ability of military anti-shock trousers (MAST) to increase central venous pressure and improve cardiac filling pressure suggests that they might be useful in the prehospital treatment of pericardial tamponade. This study utilizes a canine model to examine the hemodynamic effects of MAST inflation on experimentally induced pericardial tamponade. Use of the MAST garment improved cardiac filling, mean arterial pressure, and cardiac output in the decompensated tamponade state. It should be realized that animal data may not correlate with human clinical response. PMID- 7224261 TI - Use of antibiotics in the initial management of soft tissue hand wounds. AB - A prospective, randomized study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in the treatment of various types of soft tissue hand wounds. A total of 394 patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups, those receiving cephalexin (250 mg orally q.i.d. x 5 days), and the control group receiving no antibiotic. Patients were followed closely during the healing phase of their wounds. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of infection in the two groups. PMID- 7224262 TI - Animal bites: patterns of treatment. AB - Between 1972 and 1979, more than 350,000 animal bite incidents were reported to the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Each incident was investigated by county health authorities. To determine the type of treatment given to animal bite victims, a mailed questionnaire was sent to 1,201 persons selected from the 1972 report files. Eighty-nine percent of respondents received treatment for animal bite. The most frequent treatment (64.5%) was tetanus immunization alone or with cleaning and bandaging of the wound. Three of the 710 respondents (0.4%) received post-exposure antirabies treatment. The authors discuss recommendations for treatment of animal bites. PMID- 7224263 TI - Essentiality of the lateral cervical spine radiograph. AB - Proper interpretation of the lateral cervical spine (C-spine) film is a prime emergency medicine responsibility. Patients with potential neck injury must be identified rapidly and handled carefully; their C-spine films must be interpreted quickly and accurately. We stress the urgency in obtaining a good, readable lateral C-spine film and present a systemic "ABCs" approach to reading this film. This approach includes specific, sequential attention to Alignment, Bony integrity, Cartilaginous structures, and the surrounding Soft-tissue spaces. In the cases of 50 consecutive patients with C-spine injuries (49 adults, one child) seen recently in our emergency medicine program, we have correlated traumatic mechanisms with specific injury patterns. These analyses have been meshed with data from the patients' medical records and radiographs. In a significant number of instances (greater than 25% in this series), objective, careful radiographic interpretation is more important to the patient's objective, careful radiographic interpretation is more important to the patient's welfare than is any other diagnostic modality -- including history and physical examination. PMID- 7224264 TI - Congruency in physician-EMT assessment. AB - The transport of 488 patients by Department of Health and Hospital (DHH) ambulances during a three-week period was studied in an effort to determine the operational effectiveness of the Point of Entry (POE) Plan in Boston. The Plan is based on an assumption that EMTs can correctly assess patients' medical problems. Comparisons of the physicians' diagnoses and the EMTs' assessments were made to establish the level of congruency for each of the seven care categories delineated. Several secondary univariate analyses were performed for their association with accuracy in patient assessment. Appropriate ambulance utilization also was reviewed based on the diagnosis and the circumstances of the incident. Findings supported the effectiveness of the assessment and transportation of emergency patients in the Boston emergency medical services system. PMID- 7224265 TI - Anterior tibial compartment syndrome following use of MAST suit. AB - A case of anterior tibial compartment syndrome following the use of the military antishock trousers (MAST) suit is reported. Early recognition of this complication is necessary to ensure a good outcome. Monitoring of the MAST pressure and use of the lowest pressure that is effective may decrease the likelihood of this complication. PMID- 7224266 TI - Fracture of the lateral malleolus with associated tear of the medical collateral ligament of the ankle. AB - A case of a fracture of the lateral malleolus with a missed diagnosis of associated tear of the deltoid ligament of the ankle is presented to emphasize the importance of examination of injuries about the ankle. The method of examination for this injury is described so that proper treatment may be undertaken. PMID- 7224267 TI - Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax after inhaling alkaloidal cocaine. AB - Barotrauma related to drug ingestion is an uncommon entity. We present the cases of two young women who sustained barotrauma associated with the use of alkaloidal cocaine. PMID- 7224268 TI - Peritoneal lavage: state of the art. PMID- 7224269 TI - Current status of advanced trauma life support training. PMID- 7224270 TI - Angina associated with pseudoephedrine. PMID- 7224271 TI - Acute phencyclidine intoxication: incidence of clinical findings in 1,000 cases. AB - In 1,000 cases of phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication evaluated at the time of first examination in an emergency department, the incidence of "typical" findings was found to be lower than has been reported previously. Nystagmus and hypertension occurred in only 57% of our cases; some patients had only one of these findings and many had neither. The incidence of violence was 35%; bizarre behavior, 29%; and agitation, 34%. Changes in sensorium consisted of coma, lethargy/stupor, and acute brain syndrome; however, 46% of patients were alert and oriented. Motor signs included grand mal seizures, generalized rigidity, localized dystonias, catalepsy, and athetosis. Profuse diaphoresis, hypersalivation, bronchospasm, and urinary retention occurred in less than 5%. A small percentage had severe disturbances in vital signs, including three cases (0.3%) of cardiac arrest and 28 cases (2.8%) of apnea. Hypoglycemia and elevated serum CPK, uric acid, and SGOT/SPGT were common. Urine PCP levels did not correlate with the severity of the clinical findings. PMID- 7224272 TI - Phencyclidine intoxication: clinical experience in 27 cases confirmed by urine assay. AB - Medical records of 107 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication were reviewed and in 27 of these the diagnosis was confirmed by positive urine assay. In the 27 confirmed cases, the most common abnormalities present on physical examination were mental/behavioral (89%) and nystagmus (85%). Elevations in blood pressure, temperature, and heart rate that were statistically significant when compared with an age-matched control group also were noted. Review of available medical records disclosed that 13 of these patients had been evaluated previously at our institution for PCP intoxication. Toxicological screening tests including blood alcohol level, hypnotic screen, and urine test for alkaloids, were performed on 11 patients and found positive in four. The most common serious medical complication requiring hospitalization was rhabdomyolysis which occurred on three patients, two of whom developed acute renal failure. This complication may occur more frequently than previously recognized and should be excluded in patients with PCP intoxication. PMID- 7224273 TI - Prehospital administration of nitrous oxide for control of pain. AB - The effects of 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen and of 30% nitrous oxide and 70% oxygen were evaluated in 88 patients with significant pain while in the prehospital setting. Under the telemetry physicians' supervision, EMT-Ps directed patients in the technique of self-administration of the analgesic gas. Fifty percent (36/72) reported complete or almost complete amelioration of pain; all but 15% (11/72) reported some degree of relief. No patients experienced clinically deleterious side effects, although 48% (41/85) reported side effects, of which 90% were mild. The analgesic properties, lack of complications, quick onset and short duration of action, and acceptance by patients, physicians, and paramedics make N2O a nearly ideal analgesic agent for advanced life support use in the prehospital relief of significant pain. PMID- 7224274 TI - The urban cowboy syndrome. AB - We describe the cases of 20 patients who received injuries while falling from mechanical bulls. Injuries were received in three ways: 1) from striking the ground; 2) from striking the bull or getting caught on the bull; and 3) from the concussion caused by bucking. The severity of injury ranged from minor sprains to thumb fractures and lumbar vertebral fractures. The patients presented with three things in common: 1) they had (with one exception) no previous bull-riding experience; 2) they had consumed alcohol; and 3) they had suffered an orthopedic injury. We have chosen to call this manifestation the Urban Cowboy Syndrome. PMID- 7224275 TI - Use of cathartics in toxic ingestions. AB - Cathartics are commonly recommended for treatment of ingestion of toxic substances. Literature review shows little evidence of efficacy of this practice. Published reports of morbidity are limited to pediatric patients experiencing electrolyte imbalance. Our survey of the members of the American Board of Toxicology, as well as our literature review, form the basis for suggesting catharsis of most patients when treating toxic ingestions. However, caution must be used in very old or very young patients, in those with preexisting renal disease or ingestion of nephrotoxic substances, in corrosive ingestions, in patients with recent bowel surgery or absent bowel sounds, and in patients with hypertension or congestive heart failure. Oil catharsis is not recommended. PMID- 7224276 TI - Adaptation of the emergency medicine core content to a three-year residency core curriculum. AB - An outline of a didactic curriculum from the Core Content in Emergency Medicine is presented. The 430 hours of lecture are distributed over three years. Three new categories have been added to the Core Content as previously defined by the Graduate/Undergraduate Education Committee of the American College of Emergency Physicians: drugs of emergency medicine, laboratory/radiology use in emergency medicine, and resident evaluation series. The benefits of this core curriculum are improved organization in educational format, better defined curricular guidelines for developing residencies, and standardized guidelines for individual topic assessment and review. PMID- 7224277 TI - Methemoglobinemia from isobutyl nitrite preparations. AB - Ingestion of preparations containing isobutyl nitrite can lead to rapidly fatal methemoglobinemia. We report the cases of three patients presenting with methemoglobinemia secondary to ingestion or inhaling the contents of an over-the counter room odorizer preparation containing isobutyl nitrite. The condition was treated successfully with administration of intravenous methylene blue. PMID- 7224278 TI - Acute toxic methemoglobinemia following dental analgesia. AB - This communication reports a case of acute toxic methemoglobinemia associated with hypoxia and general motor seizures following dental anesthesia using nitrous oxide and prilocaine hydrochloride. The dosage of prilocaine hydrochloride used was 5.6% of the recognized toxic dosage associated with clinical methemoglobinemia. The patient had no demonstrable congenital tendency toward methemoglobinemia, suggesting this case may represent a previously unreported and potentially fatal reaction to prilocaine hydrochloride. The etiology of the methemoglobin production, the diagnosis of the syndrome, and the emergency treatment are discussed. PMID- 7224279 TI - Phenytoin: the drug of choice in tricyclic antidepressant overdose? AB - Tricyclic antidepressants seem to have at least three types of effect on the heart: anticholinergic, adrenergic, and quinidine-like. Although the therapeutic emphasis in tricyclic antidepressant overdose has been on reversing the anticholinergic effects with physostigmine, there is considerable evidence suggesting that the life-threatening manifestations of tricyclic antidepressant overdose--the conduction defects, bradyarrhythmias, heart block, etc--are much more like quinidine and are more appropriately treated with phenytoin, or other drugs which enhance intracardiac conduction and myocardial contractility. PMID- 7224280 TI - Emergency department thoracotomy. AB - Emergency thoracotomy has become a mainstay in the resuscitation of patients with major thoracic injuries. It also is occasionally useful in several other life threatening conditions. The specific indications for emergency thoracotomy are reviewed, and expeditious thoracotomy in the emergency department, when necessary, is advocated. Due to the strategic problems associated with carrying out such a major procedure in the emergency department, the grave prognosis for many of the patients for whom thoracotomy is considered, and the great expense of the procedure, emergency physicians must be aware of the specific indications and likely outcome when considering such a procedure. PMID- 7224281 TI - Evaluation of a formalin-inactivated Rift Valley fever vaccine in sheep. AB - A formalin-inactivated Rift Valley fever (RVF) vaccine prepared in cell culture for human use was immunogenic in sheep. Vaccine was administered as a single dose of diluted (1:5) or undiluted vaccine with or without an adjuvant. Serum neutralizing antibodies induced by RVF vaccine persisted for at least 7 months. Seven of 11 vaccinated sheep with prechallenge plaque-reduction neutralization (PRN80) antibody titers of less than or equal to 10 were protected against challenge exposure with 10(6) plaque-forming units of Zagazig 501 strain of RVF virus. Challenge exposure induced abortion in 2 of 2 pregnant sheep. Five sheep with PRN80 titers greater than or equal 1:20 were protected from detectable viremia after challenge exposure. Additionally, 5 of 6 lambs (3 months old) were protected (by maternal antibodies) against challenge exposure. Challenge control sheep developed clinical disease and detectable viremia after exposure. Virus was isolated from saliva of 1 challenge control sheep and virus was transmitted by contact exposure to 1 of 4 seronegative contact-control sheep. Immunization of sheep with formalin-inactivated RVF vaccine induced a priming effect against RVF viral antigens. Challenge exposure with RVF virus resulted in significantly higher neutralizing titers in vaccinated sheep than in nonvaccinated sheep. PMID- 7224282 TI - Effects of acetate on absorption of solute and water from the pig colon. AB - The effect of acetate, at physiologic concentrations, on sodium and water absorption in the temporarily isolated colon of the conscious pig was studied with isotonic perfusion solutions buffered at pH 6.4 or 7.4, in which either chloride or acetate was present as the major anion. Sodium and water absorption was greater from the acetate solution when the pH was low; however, acetate reduced sodium and water absorption below that observed with the chloride solution when the pH was high. There were no significant differences observed in sodium or water absorption from the chloride solution at either pH. We conclude that the concentration of undissociated acetate influences sodium and water absorption in the colon of the pig. Such an effect may have important consequences on the reserve absorptive capacity of the colon in certain diarrheal diseases. PMID- 7224284 TI - Experimental infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: effects of feeding colostrum from vaccinated cows on development of pinkeye in calves. PMID- 7224286 TI - Vascular supply of the equine stifle joint. AB - The vascular supply of the equine stifle joint was investigated, using latex vascular injections of pelvic limbs from 3 adult horses and 6 ponies. Vessels were grossly dissected to the small arteriole level. The primary source of blood supply was the femoral artery and its branches which entered the joint on the caudal and medial surfaces. The superficial vasculature arose from the caudal branch of the deep circumflex iliac artery cranially and laterally, and from the saphenous and descending genicular arteries medially. The deep vasculature arose from the popliteal artery and its branches on the caudal joint surface. These 2 layers of vessels arborized to form the vascular rete which surrounded the joint and gave off branches to supply the articular capsule and the intraarticular structures. Venous drainage paralleled arterial pathways. PMID- 7224285 TI - Effect of intraluminal oxygen in intestinal strangulation obstruction in ponies. AB - This study examined the effect of intraluminal oxygen administration on mucosal morphology following intestinal strangulation obstruction (ISO) in anesthetized ponies. The ISO was produced by ligation of the intestinal vasculature in 5 ponies for 50 minutes and 2 ponies for 90 minutes. Two ponies served as controls. Light and scanning electron microscopic examination of intestinal biopsy specimens revealed progressive mucosal degeneration following ISO in nontreated intestines, whereas high magnification scanning electron microscopic examination documented subtle evidence of microvilli disruption 120 minutes following ISO in oxygen-treated intestines. PMID- 7224287 TI - Influence of head height on arterial blood pressure in standing horses. AB - Eighteen horses were used to investigate the influence of head position on arterial blood pressure, measured indirectly at the coccygeal artery. Head height significantly altered systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure, such that head-lowering decreased and head-raising increased all variables. PMID- 7224283 TI - Studies on in vitro lymphocyte stimulation assay in cattle naturally infected with Brucella abortus and in cattle vaccinated with strain 19. AB - Cell-mediated immune responses of cattle in infected herds vaccinated with Brucella abortus, strain 19, and of nonexposed controls were studied by an in vitro lymphocyte stimulation test (LST). Brucella abortus soluble antigen was used as a specific stimulator of lymphocytes. Lymphocyte suspensions were prepared from peripheral blood of cattle by the Ficoll-diatrizoate technique. Cultures were labeled with [3H]thymidine and were assayed for [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Seroagglutination tests and cultures from Brucella were conducted simultaneously with LST. Brucella abortus soluble antigen induced significantly higher (P less than or equal to 0.005) lymphocyte stimulation responses in lymphocytes from cattle infected with B abortus than in lymphocytes from cattle vaccinated with strain 19 or from nonexposed controls. There was a significant P = agreement in results of LST and seroagglutination tests in infected cattle. Among seropositive-vaccinated cattle and controls, the LST was negative. PMID- 7224288 TI - Recovery from clinical rabies of 2 dogs inoculated with a rabies virus strain from Ethiopia. AB - Two dogs, inoculated with a strain of rabies virus from Ethiopia, showed typical signs of rabies 8 days after inoculation. After 3 or 4 days with a deterioration in the physical condition, both animals began to recover, as shown by increased muscular movements, reaction to stimuli, awareness of surroundings, and attempts to rise. Both animals recovered completely, although 1 then died of Pseudomonas bacterial pneumonia. An increase in serum-neutralizing antibody and in CSF or brain-neutralizing antibody was noted in both animals. Such concentrations have been noted only in animals or persons that recovered from rabies. PMID- 7224289 TI - Serum digoxin concentrations in dogs before, during, and after concomitant treatment with phenobarbital. AB - Healthy dogs were treated once a day for 26 days with a liquid, oral dosage form of digoxin (0.022 mg/kg). From day 10 to 24 they were also given phenobarbital (12 mg/kg, sid, orally). Serum digoxin concentration was measured by a radioimmunoassay technique. Eight hours after the 2nd daily dose of digoxin had been administered, serum digoxin concentration was in the accepted therapeutic range. After 3 days of concomitant administration of digoxin and phenobarbital, serum digoxin concentration began to increase. Beginning on day 15 until day 24 (last day of combined digoxin and phenobarbital treatment), a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in serum digoxin concentrations occurred. Blood urea nitrogen values remained within the normal limits throughout the study. There was no significant (P greater than 0.05) difference between base-line heart rate and P-R intervals and the values recorded during the investigation. PMID- 7224290 TI - Serum concentrations of primidone and its metabolites, phenylethylmalonamide and phenobarbital, in the dog. AB - The elimination of primidone, phenylethylmalonamide, and phenobarbital (administered IV) was studied in dogs. The elimination half-lives were primidone, 1.85 +/- 0.3 (SEM) hours; phenylethylmalonamide, 7.1 +/- 1.45 hours; and phenobarbital, 40.9 +/- 4.96 hours. Dogs given repeated oral doses of primidone for 14 or 21 days had smaller primidone serum concentrations after each dosing. Dogs given 1.0 g of primidone orally (59.2 decreasing to 50.5 mg/kg of body weight) for 21 days accumulated the phenobarbital metabolite with apparent steady state concentrations of 10 to 20 micrograms/ml and phenylethylmalonamide in concentrations of 2 to 5 micrograms/ml. Serum primidone concentrations decreased after repeated dosing and were measurable in only 1 dog 24 hours after the 21st dose and peak concentrations of 4 to 7 micrograms/ml were measured at 4 hours after the 22nd dose. PMID- 7224291 TI - Nitrogen requirement of the kitten. AB - Three experiments were conducted to determine the nitrogen (N) requirement of the young kitten. The feline basal diet contained minimal requirement levels of each indispensable amino acid (IAA) to comprise a total dietary N concentration of 2.52% and an IAA N to dispensable amino acid (DAA) N ratio (I/D) of 0.70. In experiments 1 and 2, both the dietary N concentration and I/D ratio were varied through changes in either the DAA level (experiment 1) or IAA level (experiment 2). The results revealed that a reduction in either dietary N or in I/D ratio from basal levels (ie, 2.52% N and I/D ratio of 0.70) depressed (P less than 0.05) kitten weight gain, feed efficiency, and N retention, whereas simultaneous increases in each resulted in no further improvement in these responses. Comparison of this feline basal diet with a commercial ration (experiment 3) revealed no differences (P less than 0.10) in gain, gain/feed, or N retention, although the purified diet showed superiority (P less than 0.01) when gain/N intake was determined (13.3 vs 5.7). Therefore, the feline dietary N requirement has been estimated to be 2.52% (15.75% protein equivalent) or 16% of the calories as protein. In the process of these experiments, creatinine and orotic acid excretion from kittens fed the purified diet were constant, averaging (+/- SEM) 24.7 +/- 0.7 mg/kg of body weight and 9.95 +/- 2.3 micrograms/mg of creatinine, respectively. Urea-N and ammonia-N comprised approximately 83.0% and 3.8% of the total urinary nitrogen. PMID- 7224292 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide treatment on clinical and serologic response of rats to infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. AB - Young albino rats were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide and exposed to virulent and low-virulence Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae 820K. In rats exposed to virulent and low virulence leptospires, microscopic agglutinating antibody responses occurred later, and longer leptospiremic phase and more massive tissue invasion by the organisms were observed in immunosuppressed rats than in immunocompetent controls. Clinical and pathologic signs of illness were more severe in the immunosuppressed animals than in immunocompetent controls. When exposed to low-virulence leptospires, immunosuppressed rats became infected and developed signs of illness and 2 of 16 died. Immunocompetent rats rapidly developed a humoral response and did not develop any signs of illness, and with 1 exception, organisms were not recovered from any tissues. PMID- 7224293 TI - Canine leptospirosis in Detroit. AB - Among 433 stray dogs in Detroit, Michigan, surveyed for leptospiral agglutinins, 164 (37.8%) had significant titers to 1 or more leptospiral serotypes; from 123 suburban stray dogs tested, 23 (18.7%) had significant titers. The use of 2 mercaptoethanol on positive serum samples was helpful in identifying acute from chronic phase titers. Cross-reaction patterns also were clarified by the use of 2 mercaptoethanol. Cultural isolation of leptospires from dog urine was unsuccessful unless the urine had a pH from 6.6 to 8.0. Oral administration of sodium bicarbonate to alkalinize dog's urine resulted in the isolation of leptospires from dogs usually voiding acidic urine. Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae was the most common serotype in this dog population by serologic techniques and was the only one isolated in culture. PMID- 7224294 TI - Efficacy of immunoserodiagnostic procedures in the recognition of canine immunologic diseases. AB - Six immunologic tests were conducted on a large population of dogs with a variety of diseases. The test results were analyzed retrospectively and correlated to the clinical and final pathologic diagnoses. The results indicated that rheumatoid factor and the direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test were both sensitive and specific for the diagnoses of canine rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The antinuclear antibody test was useful in supporting the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) only when both antibody titer and the staining pattern were taken into consideration. The lupus erythematosus cell test was specific but not sensitive when used to confirm a diagnosis of canine SLE. Cellulose acetate serum electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoretic techniques were each useful in supporting the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Epizootiologic data collected in this study indicated that dogs with primary immunologic disease had a poor prognosis. A female predisposition was observed in cases of canine autoimmune hemolytic anemia and SLE. Ovariectomy seemed to prevent the development of canine SLE. PMID- 7224295 TI - Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from selected animal species. AB - Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from 5 of 1,002 fecal samples taken from laboratory rats and mice, hamsters, dogs, cats, pigs, cattle, horses, and deer. Two isolates were from dogs (2 of 202; 1%) and 1 from a pig (1 of 107; 0.9%). The 3 isolates were biotype 1. Atypical environmental Y enterocolitica was isolated from a cow (1 of 141; 0.7%) and a horse (1 of 101; 1%). Isolates were not recovered from the other animal species. PMID- 7224296 TI - Effect of inspired-air warming and humidification in the prevention of hypothermia during general anesthesia in cats. AB - An inspired-air heating and humidifying device was constructed and evaluated with regard to its ability to maintain mean body heat in anesthetized cats. Control cats exhibited a net heat loss of -5.960 and -2.970 Kcal for each of 2 successive hours. The respiratory heat loss was only 0.675 Kcal per hour. Subjects inhaling warmed and humidified oxygen exhibited a net heat loss of -2.860, -1.900, and 0.742 for each of 3 successive hours, whereas respiratory heat gain was 0.643, 0.742, and 0.776 Kcal for the same periods. The inspired-air heating and humidifying technique was associated with a significantly slower decrease in body temperature (P less than 0.05) after 45 minutes. The inspired-air heating technique is beneficial in minimizing body heat loss during general anesthesia in cats, but is not effective enough to supplant other methods. PMID- 7224297 TI - Thiabendazole-resistant strains of Haemonchus and Ostertagia in California lambs. AB - Ten parasite-free experimental lambs were inoculated intraruminally with a mixed larvae inoculum which contained approximately 5,000 Haemonchus contortus infective larvae. Five lambs were treated with thiabendazole (66 mg/kg of body weight) and 5 were untreated controls. All lambs were killed 35 days after inoculations were done, and parasites present were recovered. Reduction in numbers of recovered Haemonchus contortus (25.7%) and Ostertagia spp (26.8%) were not significant (P greater than 0.05). PMID- 7224298 TI - Determination of incidence rates for chronic mastitis using heifer prevalence data. AB - Two methods for calculating the incidence rate for staphylococcal mastitis were investigated, using prevalence data among heifers. A method utilizing bacteriologic culture results from prevalence surveys, clinical cases, and fresh heifers was more sensitive in determining incidence rates than was a method utilizing results from serial prevalence surveys only. PMID- 7224299 TI - Changes in periparturient fecal egg counts in beef cows calving in the spring. AB - A herd of mature Angus and Angus-Holstein-Friesian cows calving between March and May was maintained at 80% and 100% of National Research Council's recommended total digestible nutrient (TDN) levels during the winter. Changes in fecal nematode egg counts of these cows, expressed as eggs/5 g of feces and quantitated by the Wisconsin sugar flotation technique, were detected perinatally and were correlated with breed, nutritional level, and time of year. A limited, yet highly significant (P less than 0.001) increase in egg output was found in cows at calving. Anthelmintic treatment at calving caused postcalving egg counts that were statistically lower than were those from non-treated cows. When breed and nutritional level were considered independently, there was less influence on egg counts than when the interaction of breed and nutritional level was examined. Angus-Holstein-Friesian cows fed 80% TDN requirements had the greatest perinatal increase in egg output, and those fed 100% TDN had the smallest increase of all groups. Angus cows responded in an opposite manner to the nutritional level and had increases in egg counts intermediate to those counts of Angus-Holstein Friesian cows. This characterization of the periparturient egg output by mature cows aided in evaluating the role of grazing cows in contaminating pastures. PMID- 7224300 TI - Persistence on pasture of the infective larvae of nematodes parasitizing Maine dairy cattle. AB - Yearling calves infected with Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia oncophora, and Nematodirus helvetianus were allowed to graze on a 0.8 ha pasture plot contaminated during June and August 1977. In June 1978, the plot was subdivided into 10 subplots of equal size. Grazing in 5 of these plots was allowed, each for 1 month, during June, July, August, September, and October by groups of 2 parasite-free 16-week-old calves. The procedure was repeated in 1979 with the remaining 5 subplots. Each group of calves was allowed to graze for 2 weeks, then put into stalls for 2 weeks and killed and examined for worms. There was a good survival of the 3 worm genera over the winter period of 1977-78. In June, calves averaged 250 Ostertagia, 5,345 Cooperia, and 6,955 Nematodirus. Ostertagia and Cooperia were recovered from calves grazing in September and October. The 3rd genus, Nematodirus, also became less plentiful over the summer period, but persisted in calves grazing during September and October. This genus survived a 2nd winter on pasture and worms were recovered until July, 1979. PMID- 7224301 TI - Thoracic radiography of the normal rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). AB - Thoracic radiographs of rhesus macaques should be performed with short exposure times (1/60 s or faster) and the patient in the erect position. The patient's neck should be extended dorsally, and the arms extended above and behind the head. The tracheobronchial and lobar pulmonary anatomic features of the rhesus macaque are similar to those of the dog. The pulmonary parenchymal pattern also is similar; however, the interstitial markings are somewhat more prominent in the macaque. This may be due to lung mite infestation. The macaque does not appear from a radiologic standpoint to be superior as an animal model to dogs or cats unless there is something specific about the response or susceptibility to a disease being studied. PMID- 7224302 TI - Determination of plasma fibrinogen concentration in the horse. AB - The microhematocrit heat-precipitation methods of Millar et al (1971) and Schalm et al (1975) were compared with the reference clottable protein method of Ratnoff and Menzie (1951) in the measurement of plasma fibrinogen concentration in horses. The millar et al method was more precise and accurate and showed better positive correlation with the reference method than did the Schalm et al method. There was no significant difference in the plasma fibrinogen concentration between healthy Thoroughbreds and healthy horses of other breeds. Horses with bacterial pneumonia and abscesses had significantly greater plasma fibrinogen values than did those with colic, fractures, and nonsuppurative wounds. The Millar et al method was recommended as a simple, relatively accurate procedure for the determination of plasma fibrinogen that might be used as an additional diagnostic and prognostic indicator in the laboratory investigation of diseases in the horse. PMID- 7224303 TI - Use of the portable infrared thermometer as a means of measuring limb surface temperature in the horse. AB - Evaluation was made of the portable infrared thermometer to measure limb surface temperature in 3 horses--first standing in a stall and then placed in lateral recumbency under general anesthesia. To determine the effect of pigment, black and white targets were examined with the instrument under various clinical conditions. In each horse, thermal gradient measurements were consistent along the extremities. Mean limb surface temperatures were less than rectal temperature and greater than ambient temperature. Limb surface temperatures measured in lateral recumbency under general anesthesia were uniformly higher than those obtained in the standing position in the stall. The average SD of absolute temperature measurements made under general anesthesia was +/- 0.1 C, whereas the average SD of those made in standing horses was +/- 0.2 C. For practical use, the latter deviation of +/- 0.2 C was considered more appropriate as the limit of significance for clinical measurements made with the instrument. When used indoors in the absence of direct sunlight, the influence of pigment on measurements made with the instrument was not significant. Optimal conditions for the clinical use of the portable infrared thermometer are defined and factors which affect limb surface temperature are discussed. PMID- 7224304 TI - Lack of intracellular degradation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by bovine macrophages infected in vitro and in vivo: light microscopic and electron microscopic observations. AB - Blood-derived macrophages from clinically healthy cows and cows infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were cultured in vitro and inoculated with heat killed M paratuberculosis. Five weeks after infection, acid-fast bacteria continued to be demonstrated in the macrophages. Macrophage cultures also were infected with living M paratuberculosis and were examined by electron microscopy. Four weeks after infection, intact bacteria were found in all cultures. Electron microscopic examinations of intestinal macrophages from infected cows also demonstrated intracellular intact bacteria. PMID- 7224305 TI - Morphologic evidence of the histogenesis of epithelial thymoma in a cow. AB - Light and electron microscopic studies were performed on an epithelial thymoma obtained from a cow. Tumor masses were found in the cervical and dorsal mediastinal portions, in the hilus and parenchyma of the lung, on the surface of the kidney, and in a uterine horn. The masses were encapsulated and divided into distinct lobules or nodules by prominent trabeculae. Examination of the tumor cells by light microscopy showed squamous epithelial characteristics in both the eosinophilic granules and the periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules. Electron microscopic observations revealed that the tumor cells had intercellular microvilli, which appeared to be the interdigitations between the cells, tonofilaments, and desmosomes. A few of the tumor cells contained round vesicles which resembled the hypertrophic type of epithelial cells of a normal thymus. These findings indicated that the tumor originated in the thymus' epithelial cells. PMID- 7224306 TI - Isolation of encysted Toxoplasma gondii from musculature of moose and pronghorn in Montana. AB - Pieces of skeletal muscle from 43 mule deer, 34 elk, 4 white-tailed deer, 21 pronghorn, 7 moose, and 2 bison were examined for Toxoplasma infection, by the acid-pepsin digestion technique. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 1 moose and 1 pronghorn. The isolated strains of T gondii were of low virulence to mice. PMID- 7224307 TI - Congenital tremor in pigs farrowed from sows given hog cholera virus during pregnancy. AB - At different stages of gestation, 3 groups of pregnant sows were inoculated with a strain of hog cholera virus (HCV). After the infection, clinical signs of hog cholera were not observed in the sows. Pigs from the sows infected on day 22 or 43 of gestation showed varying degrees of muscular tremor, ataxia, splayleg, and suckling inability. Of the pigs with tremor, 83% had cerebellar hypoplasia. Surviving pigs demonstrated persistent viral infection and continued to shed HCV, but did not have antibodies to HCV. Sows infected at 72 days of gestation farrowed numerous mummified and stillborn pigs. Signs of tremor were not seen in any pigs from these sows. PMID- 7224308 TI - Characterization of Anaplasma marginale infection in splenectomized domestic goats. AB - An inoculum of Anaplasma marginale was given (IV) to a splenectomized domestic goat and then was serially passed through 4 additional goats. The results indicated that goats can be latent carriers at 75 days after inoculation, but not at 208 days. There was no evidence of serial passage of A marginale in goats. PMID- 7224309 TI - Manipulating energy metabolism in sheep exposed to cold. AB - The effects of dietary fats level (0 and 7% tallow) and monensin (0 and 33 mg/kg of diet) were investigated in lambs at ambient temperatures of -11.9 and 12.9 C. Twenty-four nonfistulated and 16 fistulated lambs with an average weight of 73 kg and fleece length of 8 cm were randomly assigned to each fat and monensin level (6 nonfistulated and 4 fistulated lambs per treatment) in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of diets. There were no main treatment effects on organic matter or crude protein digestibility, though ether extract digestibility was higher on the high-fat diets (P less than 0.001) and at 12.9 C (P less than 0.05). Fat decreased (P less than 0.05) molar proportions of ruminal acetate and increased propionate. Monensin increased (P less than 0.001) propionate and decreased (P less than 0.05) butyrate. Propionate was 26% higher at -11.9 C. Respiration rate tended to be higher on the high-fat diets and was doubled (P less than 0.001) and the warm temperature (12.9 C). There were no main treatment effects on rectal temperature. Heart rate was increased (P less than 0.05) by 12% on the high-fat diets. Cold temperature exposure significantly increased free fatty acids, thyroxine, protein-bound iodine and phosphorus, and decreased plasma urea nitrogen in jugular blood. Free fatty acid and triglyceride concentrations were higher (P less than 0.05) on the high-fat diets. There were no main treatment effects on either glucose or calcium levels. These results show that dietary fat level and monensin did not consistently influence the sensitivity of full-fleeced lambs to the effects of cold-temperature exposure. PMID- 7224310 TI - Transmission of Anaplasma marginale Theiler by Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and Dermacentor variabilis (Say). AB - Cattle were inoculated with a Virginia isolate of Anaplasma marginale Theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and D variabilis (Say) nymphs. Following a molt and subsequent feeding of adult ticks on susceptible cows, transstadial transmission of A marginale occurred from cattle with parasitemias ranging from undetectable (in a carrier cow) to a peak of 27% (in an acutely ill cow). Homogenates of gut tissue from unfed, incubated, and feeding adult ticks that were infected as nymphs were all infective; however, the prepatent period varied according to treatment of ticks after they had molted to the adult stage. Prepatent periods of infections in calves resulting from injection of homogenated tissue from unfed adult ticks was 29 and 34 days longer than the prepatent periods that developed in calves exposed to homogenated tissue from ticks that were feeding or incubated at 37 C for 3 days. Transovarial transmission did not occur when F1 larvae, hatched from eggs produced by female ticks known to be infective, fed on susceptible cattle. PMID- 7224311 TI - Electroretinographic components of the canine visual evoked response. AB - Electroretinograms (ERG) and visual evoked responses (VER) were recorded from 2 anesthetized dogs before and after surgical manipulation. The ERG was recorded from a corneal contact lens, and the VET, from 9 different scalp sites. The recordings were made on a signal averager as done in clinical situations. Surgical manipulation consisted of an alcohol block of the stimulated eye and enucleation of the nonstimulated eye. The results indicated that under the conditions of making the recordings, the major and consistent waves of the VER from all scalp sites were a far-field ERG and were not of cortical origin. PMID- 7224312 TI - Carriage of Campylobacter jejuni in healthy and diarrheic animals. AB - Feces from normal and diarrheic animals were cultured for Campylobacter jejuni. A clear difference could not be detected in carriage between normal and diarrheic cattle, horses, pigs, and dogs. Too few diarrheic goats, sheep, and rabbits were sampled for conclusions to be made. Carriage rates (%) detected in normal animals were as follows: ducks 88.3, chickens 23.8, sheep 13.6, rabbits 11.3, goats 2.7, cattle 2.5, and dogs 0.5. The organism was not isolated from horses and mink. Carriage rates varied within a species between animals from different sources. PMID- 7224313 TI - Recrudescence of Anaplasma marginale induced by immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide. AB - Eight doses of cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg), at 2-day intervals between doses, were administered IV to Anaplasma-carrier splenectomized calves. Significant decreases in serum immunoglobulins, diminished complement-fixing antibody response, and transitory leukopenia were associated with the treatment. Recrudescence of clinical Anaplasma infection occurred after the 5th dose of cyclophosphate was given and was characterized by rapid increase in parasitemia, marked decrease in PCV, and mortality. The results of the present study indicated that humoral mediated immunity may contribute to the maintenance of a state of equilibrium in the host-parasite relationship and that suppression of humoral immune responses may alter the course and outcome of infection in Anaplasma carriers. PMID- 7224314 TI - Local and systemic reactions in cattle to Hypoderma lineatum larval toxin: protection by phenylbutazone. AB - Soluble toxin of Hypoderma lineatum injected IV induced a severe cardiorespiratory shock syndrome in calves. Intradermal injection of the toxin caused well-defined, edematous wheals comparable with those produced by histamine. Treatment of calves with famphur (organophosphate insecticide; poured on the skin of the calves 24 hours before injection of toxin) did not increase the severity of the effects of the toxin. Treatment of calves with phenylbutazone (20 mg/kg) 20 minutes before injection of toxin protected the calves against the systemic shock syndrome and the local inflammatory reaction. Apparently, the neurotoxic mechanism of the organophosphate insecticide is independent of the action of the Hypoderma toxin per se. Phenylbutazone can control the effects of the Hypoderma toxin. PMID- 7224315 TI - Ultrastructural observations in ponies after treatment with monensin. AB - Ultrastructural studies were made of myocardium, diaphragm, appendicular muscle, liver, and kidney of 3 ponies acutely poisoned with a single oral dose of monensin (4 mg/kg of body weight). These ponies developed severe signs of toxicosis and were killed 28 to 72 hours after treatment. Severe mitochondrial damage (swelling) and lipoidosis in myocardial tissues were observed in 2 of the 3 ponies; similar, but less severe, changes were observed in the 3rd pony. The hepatocytes of the 3 ponies were characterized by increased amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, large numbers of lipid droplets, vacuoles bounded by fibrous material, and a 2-fold increase in the number of peroxisomes per cell. Some hepatocytes also contained a membrane-bounded protein-like body. The observations indicate that heart mitochondria are primary targets of monensin poisoning in ponies. PMID- 7224316 TI - Cardiopulmonary effects of butorphanol tartrate in horses. AB - The cardiopulmonary and behavioral effects of butorphanol were evaluated in pain free adult horses. Butorphanol tartrate was administered IV in doses of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg to the same horses on 3 separate occasions. There were no significant (P less than 0.05) changes in heart rate, mean and diastolic arterial pressure, mean and diastolic pulmonary arterial blood pressure, or cardiac output recorded in the horses given these doses. Systolic arterial blood pressure was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in only the horses given the 0.2 mg/kg dose. Significant (P greater than 0.05) changes in electrocardiographic intervals, respiratory rate, arterial blood gas values, or pH were not recorded. Increasing IV doses of butorphanol resulted in varied behavioral changes, but were predominantly excitatory. PMID- 7224317 TI - Contagious equine metritis: effect of vaccination on control of the disease. AB - Pony mares were vaccinated with killed contagious equine metritis (CEM) bacteria by IV, subcutaneous, and intrauterine (IU) routes (or a combination of these routes). The serum agglutinating antibody titer varied from 1:64 to 1:1,024 after vaccination. In pony mares challenge exposed with 96-hour-old culture of CEM bacteria given by IU route, there were clinical signs of CEM, but these signs were less severe in vaccinated mares than in nonvaccinated mares. The bacterium was isolated for the exudate and from uterine samples collected from the mares after challenge exposure. A low titer of IU antibodies to CEM bacteria in infected mares was observed with agglutination tests (plate, tube, and antiglobulin), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, a high antibody titer was obtained when passive hemagglutination test was used. PMID- 7224318 TI - A swine dysentery model for evaluation of drug prophylaxis: efficacy of various drugs in the control of swine dysentery. AB - A swine dysentery (SD) model that produces consistent, homogeneous, and severe SD was used in 2 experiments to compare the prophylactic effectiveness of 5 commercially available swine feed additive products. Under the conditions of these studies, carbadox and carbadox + sulfamethazine proved to be the most effective agents in preventing SD during the infection + medication and postmedication periods. Olaquindox was effective in preventing SD in the infection + medication period; however, SD recurrence was high during the postmedication period. Nithiamide and chlortetracycline + sulfamethazine + penicillin were least effective in preventing SD during the infection + medication and postmedication periods. PMID- 7224319 TI - Evaluation of lasalocid in salt against ovine Coccidia. AB - Lasalocid at a level of 0.75% in free-choice granulated salt was highly efficacious against naturally acquired coccidia infections in lambs maintained in semiconfinement. Treated lambs consumed 18 g of medicated salt/day, reflecting an average daily lasalocid dosage of 4.3 mg/kg of body weight. Treated lambs gained 5.7 kg more than did untreated lambs (P less than 0.01) during the 84-day experiment. Clinical signs of coccidiosis were not observed in treated or untreated lambs. PMID- 7224320 TI - Lasalocid for improved weight gains and control of Coccidia in lambs. AB - Lasalocid at 25 mg/kg of feed was highly effective in reducing numbers of oocysts in feces of naturally infected ewes and lambs. Treated ewes were fed lasalocid medicated feed before and after parturition, and the 17 lambs from these ewes also were fed medicated feed gained 5.26 kg more (P less than 0.05) than did the 17 nontreated lambs from nontreated ewes. Naturally infected lambs maintained in semiconfinement acquired coccidia infections between 23 and 64 (mean of 38) days after birth. A coccidiostat given before and during the time coccidia-naive lambs were first exposed to coccidia was necessary to achieve the greatest production response to treatment. When naturally infected feeder lambs (30.9 kg) maintained in semiconfinement were fed lasalocid-medicated feed at 25 mg/kg of feed or unmedicated feed for 91 days, no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in rate or efficiency of gain was detected, even though lasalocid was highly effective against coccidia. PMID- 7224321 TI - Somatosensory-evoked potential in clinically normal dogs. AB - Repetitive electrical peripheral nerve stimulation produces a multiphasic cerebrocortical potential termed the somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP). Scalp SEP recordings were made from 12 clinically normal dogs tranquilized with acepromazine. Three individual potentials were recognized in most SEP recordings and were identified as n1, p1, and n2. Additional positive potentials consistently followed n2, but their latencies and amplitudes varied considerably, so these waveforms were not numbered. They were termed late-positive potentials. Mean peak latencies +/- SD of the 3 potentials were determined to be 13.5 +/- 1.5 ms (n1), 19.6 +/- 2.7 ms (p1), and 43.3 +/- 10.4 ms (n2). The 1st negative deflection (n1) occurred between 11.0 and 16.0 ms after the stimulus and was consistently followed by a positive deflection (p1) which occurred at a latency ranging from 15.5 to 24.0 ms. The 2nd negative deflection (n2) occurred between 32.0 and 54.0 ms after the stimulus and was followed by a solitary prominent positive deflection or multiple positive potentials. Late-positive potential peak latencies ranged from 47.5 to 231.5 ms. PMID- 7224322 TI - Vitamin E deficiency retinopathy in dogs. AB - Dogs fed purified diets developed retinopathy consistently when the nutrition was deficient in vitamin E. Deleting DL-methionine along with vitamin E and selenium (groups 3 dogs) varied the development minimally. Supplementation of vitamin E to a selenium-deficient diet (group 1 dogs) protected the retina from changes. Ethoxyquin added to a diet deficient in vitamin E, but supplemented with National Research Council levels of selenium or 10 times the National Research Council levels, induced no beneficial recognizable changes in the retinopathy. the characteristic retinopathy was ophthalmoscopically visible as early as 3 months (group 2 to 9 dogs). Typical lesions developed first in the central, outer layers and progressed slowly toward the periphery. The tapetal retina was more extensively involved, showing a color change and mottling. Microscopically, a yellow autofluorescent pigment accumulated in large amounts within the retinal epithelium. Later stages of retinopathy showed this pigment was present in migrating cells in all the retinal layers. The early disappearance of a recordable electroretinogram, night blindness, and eventual severe day visual impairment makes this retinopathy similar to some aspects of degenerations described for persons and pure breed dogs. PMID- 7224323 TI - Fatty acid composition of equine plasma. AB - Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids of normal horses was determined. Four fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2) comprised 86.73% of the total, with C18:2 comprising 44.04% of the total. Eight other fatty acids were found in small amounts. Unsaturated fatty acids constituted 66% of the total. Marked variation was demonstrated in fatty acid occurrence and distribution in the sterol ester, triglyceride, phospholipid, and free fatty acid fractions. PMID- 7224324 TI - Mood and memory. PMID- 7224325 TI - Behavior therapy versus psychoanalysis. Therapeutic and social implications. PMID- 7224326 TI - Coming of age legislatively: in 21 steps. PMID- 7224327 TI - Health-habit modification. PMID- 7224328 TI - Psychology and cancer: a reply to Stachnik. PMID- 7224329 TI - Disorders of naming following brain injury. PMID- 7224330 TI - Applications of recombinant DNA technology. PMID- 7224331 TI - The epidemiology and prevention of influenza. PMID- 7224332 TI - Sound analysis in the ear: a history of discoveries. PMID- 7224333 TI - Ultrastructural approaches to the organization of central synapses. PMID- 7224334 TI - The recognition of previous encounters. PMID- 7224335 TI - Exercise training fails to increase skeletal muscle enzymes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - We examined the effect of a 6-wk exercise training program on several skeletal enzymes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eight trained their arms and 7 trained their legs. In all patients, muscle biopsy specimens were taken from the trained limbs, and in 7 patients, additional biopsy specimens were taken from the untrained limbs. The enzymes examined were citrate synthase, 3-beta-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase. Also examined were cardiac frequency responses to incremental and endurance cycle ergometry; these responses were evaluated for arm and leg exercise, respectively. Despite the patient's increased exercise endurance, we were unable to document a significant increase in the enzyme concentrations in the trained limbs. Similarly, analyses of the cardiac frequency failed to show the evolution of the typical cardiovascular training response. This pattern is in marked contrast to that seen in normal subjects after endurance training. We conclude that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are incapable of exercising at an intensity high enough to induce the classic training response and associated changes in muscle enzymes. Therefore, other mechanisms must be important in explaining the increased endurance for submaximal exercise. PMID- 7224336 TI - Influence of the previous deep inspiration on the spirometric measurement of provoked bronchoconstriction in asthma. AB - The measurement of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after a maximal inspiration is often used to assess the effect of inhaled bronchoconstrictor agents. In persons with asthma, a deep inspiration transiently alters the bronchial tone in a variable way. This may result in a variable decrease of FEV1 despite a similar degree of pharmacologically induced bronchospasm. In 71 patients with asthma we induced a comparable increase (approximating 200%) in airway resistance (Raw) with aerosolized carbachol. We then measured the change in Raw induced by one deep inspiration; when Raw had returned to the value observed before deep inspiration, the FEV1 was measured. A significant correlation (r = 0.74; p less than 0.001) was found between the transient changes in Raw induced by a deep inspiration (ranging individually from a 33% increase to a 70% decrease) and the decrease in FEV1 (from 0 to 70%). The decrease in FEV1 was greatest in patients in whom a deep inspiration increased Raw and least in those in whom Raw decreased. The initial and post-carbachol Raw values of the 17 patients exhibiting a less than 20% decrease in FEV1 were similar to those of the 54 patients with a decrease in FEV1 of more than 20%. Because a prior deep inspiration prevents changes in FEV1 in some patients with asthma, the use of the FEV1 for bronchial provocation tests can be misleading. PMID- 7224337 TI - Airway reactivity in cotton bract-induced bronchospasm. AB - Most healthy subjects challenged with cotton bract extract demonstrate some degree of bronchospasm. This response has been associated with the endogenous production of histamine by the inhalation of cotton bract extract. We examined whether this responsiveness reflects increased sensitivity to histamine. Thirty one healthy subjects were screened for sensitivity to cotton bract extract administered by nebulization. Pulmonary function was measured using partial expiratory flow-volume curves on which flows at 60% of the control vital capacity below total lung capacity were measured (MEF40%(P)). Responders were defined as subjects who exhibited a 20% or greater decrease in MEF40%(P) after 10 min inhaling cotton bract extract. Of those screened, 10 subjects were responders. From the remaining nonresponders, 11 consecutive subjects were selected. The maximal decrease in MEF40%(P) in responders was 40.5 +/- 5.1%, compared to 10.9 +/- 2.2% in nonresponders. The dose-response relationship for histamine was measured in all subjects, using inhalations of progressively more concentrated histamine solutions. The mean +/- SEM threshold for the responders was 38.4 +/- 7.4 mg of histamine per ml, compared to 42.2 +/- 6.8 mg of histamine per ml for responders (difference not significant). The percentage decrease in MEF40%(P) at the threshold dose was 27.6 +/- 3.7% for responders and 32.4 +/- 5.2% for nonresponders (difference not significant). We conclude that healthy subjects sensitive to cotton bract extract do not exhibit increased reactivity to histamine. This suggests that responders are not, in general, subclinical asthmatics, and that the difference between responders and nonresponders to CBE is not due to increased histamine sensitivity among responders. PMID- 7224338 TI - Comparison of transbronchial and open biopsies in chronic infiltrative lung diseases. AB - To ascertain the diagnostic reliability of transbronchial biopsy (TBB) a prospective comparison with open lung biopsy was made. All patients with undiagnosed diffuse infiltrative (interstitial) lung disease had a TBB. When this was characteristic of tumor, sarcoidosis, or infection, no additional biopsy was deemed necessary. In all other patients, an open biopsy was performed. Between January 1976 and May 1980, among 176 patients with interstitial disease, 60 (34.1%) required lung biopsy. Transbronchial biopsy was contraindicated in 7, leaving 53 in the study group. Among these 53 patients TBB was diagnostic in 20 (37.7%), and the histologic findings in the remaining 33 patients who lacked definitive tissue diagnoses were reported as normal lung, 10 patients; nonspecific abnormalities, 11 patients; interstitial pneumonia, 6; interstitial fibrosis, 3; inadequate specimen, 3. Open biopsy in these 33 patients resulted in specific diagnoses in 92%, and these diagnoses bore little relationship to the original TBB diagnoses. We concluded that TBB diagnoses of interstitial pneumonia, chronic inflammation, nonspecific reaction, and fibrosis are unreliable and often entirely misleading. In this group, an open biopsy is required to reach a specific histologic diagnosis. PMID- 7224339 TI - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy for diagnosing pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. AB - To assess the diagnostic yield of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB), we reviewed records of 30 patients who had (1) cultural and/or histologic evidence of coccidioidomycosis, (2) abnormal chest roentgenograms, and (3) undergone FFB. Each patient underwent a complete examination including sputum collection for smears and culture. As additional diagnostic information was needed, FFB was performed in all patients, followed by percutaneous needle aspiration in 4 patients and thoracotomy in 10. Prebronchoscopy sputum cultures yielded Coccidioides immitis in 6 of 30 patients (20%). Bronchoscopy provided specimens diagnostic of coccidioidomycosis in 16 of 30 patients (53%), and in 10 of 30 (33%), FFB was the first procedure of the examination to produce a diagnostic specimen. The diagnosis was first obtained by needle aspiration in 1 of 30 (3%), by extrathoracic specimens in 3 of 30 (10%), and by thoracotomy in 10 of 30 (33%). All 8 patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) had nondiagnostic FFB and comprised the majority of patients not diagnosed until thoracotomy was performed. When patients with a SPN were excluded, 20 of 29 (69%) FFB procedures documented coccidioidal infection. Seven of 22 (32%) prebronchoscopy sputum collections compared with 17 of 29 (59%) FFB procedures produced positive cultures for C. immitis. One of 22 (5%) prebronchoscopy sputum collections, compared with smears and biopsies from 8 of 29 (28%) FFB procedures, produced immediate microscopic evidence of coccidioidomycosis. Coexisting pulmonary pathologic findings in 4 patients were uncovered by FFB. Except in patients with a SPN, FFB is a valuable procedure for documenting pulmonary coccidioidomycosis when sputum specimens are nondiagnostic. PMID- 7224340 TI - Effect of 0.3 and 0.9 micron sulfuric acid aerosols on tracheal mucous clearance in beagle dogs. AB - Tracheal mucous clearance was measured in eight Beagle dogs after 1-h exposures to sulfuric acid mist with particle sizes of 0.3 micron and 0.9 micron mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD). The method used was to anesthetize the dogs with halothane, insert a fiberoptic bronchoscope into the trachea, turn off the anesthetic, and then deposit a 10-microliter droplet containing approximately 50 muCi of [99mTc]macroaggregated albumin as the dog started to regain consciousness. Subsequently, gamma camera scintiphotos were taken every minute for 25 min in the awake dogs to measure velocities of the labeled material moving up the trachea. For the 1.0 mg/m3, 0.9 micron MMAD exposures, tracheal mucous velocities were significantly depressed after 30 min (26% reduction, p = 0.05), 1 day (40%, p less than 0.01), and even after 1 wk (30%, p = 0.05). Velocities had returned to the control range 5 wk after exposure. For the 0.5 mg/m3 exposure nonsignificant increases in clearance were seen after 30 min (35%) and 1 day (8%). However, 1 wk after exposure, there was a significant depression in clearance (34%, p less than 0.01). There were no significant changes after exposures to the 0.3 micron MMAD aerosols at concentrations of 1.0 or even 5.0 mg/m3. PMID- 7224341 TI - Influence of immunosuppression on alveolar macrophage chemotactic activities in guinea pigs. AB - The increased risk of pneumonia associated with the administration of immunosuppressive drugs has prompted investigations of mechanisms for drug induced pulmonary immunopathology. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages normally respond to chemotactic gradients, and, additionally, produce a chemotactic factor for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A guinea pig model of immunosuppression was created, using week-long courses of cyclophosphamide, 15 mg per kg per day, or cortisone acetate, 100 mg per kg per day, to study the influences of immunosuppressive drugs on alveolar macrophage chemotactic behavior. N formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-met-leu-phe), used at 10(-8) M strength, was a potent chemotactic factor for macrophages lavaged from the lungs of normal animals. Pretreatment for 1 wk with cortisone, however, resulted in a 60% reduction in alveolar macrophage responsiveness to f-met-leu-phe (p less than 0.02, t test). In contrast, cyclophosphamide treatment did not lead to chemotactic hyporesponsiveness in pulmonary alveolar macrophages. In further studies, alveolar macrophage tissue culture supernatants from normal and drug treated animals were compared for the presence of macrophage-derived chemotactic factor. Both cortisone and cyclophosphamide drug regimens resulted in 25% reductions (p less than 0.05) in chemotactic potency of the alveolar macrophage supernatants. Thus, both cortisone acetate and cyclophosphamide treatment appear to adversely influence certain chemotactic activities of pulmonary alveolar macrophages. PMID- 7224342 TI - Organotypic culture of fetal rat lung: evaluation and comparison with organ culture. AB - Monodispersed suspensions of 19-day fetal rat lung when plated onto gelatin sponges reaggregated to form alveolarlike structures. These structures consisted almost entirely of alveolar type II cells, whereas the whole cultures contained about 65% type II cells. The phospholipid content and composition of the organotypic cultures after 8 days of incubation was very similar to that of explants of 19-day fetal rat lung grown in organ culture of 48 h, as was the pattern of incorporation of choline and acetate into phospholipids. Very little phosphatidylcholine was secreted by the organotypic cultures into the culture medium. Initial observations suggested that the organ cultures are more responsive to hormones. Organotypic cultures do not appear to offer any major advantage over the simpler and quicker organ cultures for studies of hormonal influences on fetal lung maturation. They may be useful for examining the metabolism and sympathetic pathways of the type II cell. PMID- 7224343 TI - Airway permeability to horseradish peroxidase in guinea pigs: the repair phase after injury by cigarette smoke. AB - Airway permeability was examined in the 24-h period immediately after injury by cigarette smoke in 30 guinea pigs studied in groups of five at 30 min and 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after smoke exposure, and in 1 control group. The animals were anesthetized, tracheostomized, a carotid cannula inserted, and purified horseradish peroxidase was instilled on the airway surface via the tracheostomy tube. Blood samples (0.8 ml) were drawn and replaced with heparinized saline before and at 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 min after horseradish peroxidase instillation. The animals were then killed, and samples of trachea and lung tissue taken for wet/dry wt determinations and for light and electron microscopic examination. The HRP concentrations in the blood were determined using an Elisa plate assay. We found the acute exposure to 100 puffs cigarette smoke resulted in a transient increase in airway epithelial permeability of HRP with a maximum at 30 min and a return to control values by 12 h after insult. These changes in mucosal permeability occurred in relation to a well-defined inflammatory reaction where increased permeability occurred during the exudative phase, which was monitored by measuring airway wet wt/dry wt ratios and the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. The return to the control value of permeability was associated with the repair phase of the inflammatory reaction, which was measured by monitoring basal cell mitoses. PMID- 7224344 TI - Hemophilus influenzae type B, mediastinitis, cellulitis, bacteremia, and meningitis in an adult. AB - A 63-year-old woman presented with cellulitis of the upper anterior chest and neck that rapidly extended into an acute mediastinitis. Pleural effusions and meningitis subsequently developed. The infection was due to an ampicillin susceptible strain of Hemophilus influenzae type B. The patient was treated with and responded to chloramphenicol therapy. No definite predisposing factor could be determined. PMID- 7224345 TI - Spontaneous lysis of mycetomas after acute cavitating lung disease. AB - Pulmonary mycetomas (fungus balls) caused by mucormycosis and aspergillus developed in 2 patients after aspiration pneumonia and septic lung infarction. No specific therapy was initiated and both fungus balls underwent spontaneous lysis. These patients and the descriptive literature of other patients with fungus balls secondary to acute lung damage suggest that mycetomas forming in acutely damaged but previously healthy lung tissue have a high incidence of spontaneous resolution. Therapy with antifungal agents or resectional surgery is not required unless hemoptysis or chronic suppurative infection develops. PMID- 7224346 TI - Isoproterenol challenge during placebo and oral theophylline therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Because it is common to perform a bronchodilator challenge while a patient continues oral methylxanthines, we wanted to determine if this procedure might be misleading for subsequent therapy. Thirty-eight men with a long smoking history and a clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were given placebo and oral theophylline (each for one month) in a double-blind, single-crossover manner. Pulmonary functional tests were performed before and after isoproterenol nebulization on the final day of each 4-wk period. There were significantly larger increases in FVC (p less than 0.001) and FEV1 (p less than 0.01) after isoproterenol challenge when receiving placebo than when receiving theophylline. According to the intermountain Area rating criteria, only the results after isoproterenol challenge during placebo therapy would indicate improvement. These results suggested that isoproterenol inhalation challenge be performed after methylxanthines have been discontinued if used to predict which patients with COPD may respond to oral theophylline therapy. PMID- 7224347 TI - American Thoracic Society. Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases (14th edition). PMID- 7224348 TI - The dependence of oxygen uptake on oxygen delivery in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7224349 TI - Respiratory disease in Utah coal miners. AB - Two hundred forty-two Utah underground coal miners volunteered to participate in a respiratory disease study. They were an older group (mean, 56 years of age) and had spent a mean of 29 years in the coal-mining industry. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 57%, and that of coal worker's pneumoconiosis, 25%; only one worker had progressive massive fibrosis. Significant impairment of pulmonary function was found among those with a history of cigarette smoking. Chronic bronchitis or coal worker's penumoconiosis among nonsmokers did not impair pulmonary function. There was a significant association among the nonsmokers between increasing exposure to coal dust and coal worker's pneumoconiosis, but not for changes in pulmonary function. Coal mine dust had a significant influence in causing the symptom complex of chronic cough and sputum production, and coal worker's pneumoconiosis. PMID- 7224350 TI - Longitudinal effect of age and smoking cessation on pulmonary function. AB - Although it is well known that pulmonary function declines with age and that this decline is accelerated by cigarette smoking, it is not as clear what effect smoking cessation has on pulmonary function. The Normative Aging Study, a longitudinal aging study of 2,280 men, has assessed this question. Longitudinal data on smoking and pulmonary function were available on 850 healthy men. Of 452 who smoked at entry to the study, 98 quit during a 5-yr period. There were no significant differences between current and ex-smokers in FVC (p = 0.12) and FEV1 (p = 0.66) at entry into the study. However, significant differences were observed during the 5-yr period in FVC and FEV1 decline between current, former, and never smokers, after adjusting for age and initial pulmonary function. The decrease in FVC for men who quit smoking was significantly less than that for current smokers (p = 0.02). Similarly, FEV1 for former smokers decreased significantly less than for current smokers (p less than 0.001). When multiple regression was performed among former smokers, no significant effects of years since quitting on rate of decrease in FVC and FEV1 were seen. This study suggested a definite and rapid beneficial effect of smoking cessation. PMID- 7224351 TI - The use of repeat skin tests to eliminate the booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin testing. AB - During the early years of our annual tuberculosis skin testing program for hospital employees, we experienced conversion rates that were inordinately high. In an effort to eliminate the booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin testing as a contributing factor, a program of repeat skin testing performed within 7 to 28 days in new employees with less than 10-mm induration on initial skin testing was begun in 1978. Employees demonstrating a 6-mm increase in reaction size to a total induration of 10 mm or greater on repeat testing were classified as boosters. The booster rate for 1978 was 8.3%, and elimination of these employees from subsequent annual testing resulted in a decrease in the conversion rate from 8.7% in 1978 to 2.9% in 1979 (p less than 0.01). The rate of conversion was age dependent in 1978, but this effect was absent in 1979 when the boosters were eliminated. On the basis of the results for the first 2 yr of our program, we concluded that repeat tuberculin skin testing is a practical approach to reduce falsely elevated conversion rates and can potentially reduce the number of persons exposed to the risk of isoniazid toxicity. PMID- 7224352 TI - Characterization of the inflammatory and immune effector cells in the lung parenchyma of patients with interstitial lung disease. PMID- 7224353 TI - Chronic persistent cough in the adult: the spectrum and frequency of causes and successful outcome of specific therapy. AB - Using a diagnostic protocol based on the anatomy and distribution of cough receptors and afferent nerves, we sought to determine the causes and outcome of specific therapy of chronic persistent cough in 49 consecutive and unselected patients. A specific diagnosis was made in all. Cough was due to chronic postnasal dip from a variety of conditions in 29%, asthma in 25%, postnasal drip plus asthma in 18%, chronic bronchitis in 12%, gastroesophageal reflux in 10%, and miscellaneous disorders in 6%. History, physical examination, and methacholine inhalational challenge diagnosed disease in 86% of all patients. Adjusted success rates for specific therapy, and average of 4.4 and 18.9 months after therapy had been prescribed, were 98% and 97%, respectively. We concluded the following about chronic persistent cough; using an anatomic, diagnostic protocol, the cause can be consistently determined; postnasal drip and/or bronchial asthma are very common causes of cough; the outcome of specific therapy, almost without exception, is successful and sustained. PMID- 7224354 TI - Inspiratory muscle training compared with physiotherapy in patients with chronic airflow limitation. AB - The effects on exercise performance of physiotherapy (PT) (8 patients) were compared with those of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) (9 patients) in severe chronic airflow limitation. Exercise performance was measured by 3 tests: the distance walked in 12 min, peak oxygen uptake on a progressive multistage exercise test, and endurance time at two thirds of maximal power output. Measurements were repeated after a 1-month control period during which no change was observed apart from an increase in the distance walked in 12 min in the PT group. The PT patients then performed graded exercise in a physiotherapy program 3 times weekly, whereas the IMT patients trained for 30 min daily, inspiring against a resistance. Measurements were repeated after 1 and 2 months of training. Physiotherapy was associated with insignificant increases in exercise performance, whereas IMT produced both an increase in endurance time and in the distance walked in 12 min. We concluded that a simple at-home training program of inspiratory muscles was more effective than this particular physiotherapy program in improving exercise performance of some patients with severe chronic airflow limitation. PMID- 7224355 TI - The effects of inspiratory muscle training on exercise performance in chronic airflow limitation. AB - Using a simple, inexpensive, at-home program, 12 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic air flow limitation trained their inspiratory muscles. All showed increased inspiratory muscle endurance with no change in inspiratory muscle strength. Seven of the twelve patients increased their endurance time for submaximal exercise beyond the 90% confidence limits determined by 2 pretraining tests (i.e., a more than 40% increase in endurance time). The same group of 7 patients increased the maximal power output (p less than 0.005) and peak oxygen uptake (p less than 0.05) on a progressive exercise test after 2 months of training and increased the distance walked in 12 min after both 1 (p less than 0.005) and 2 (p less than 0.005) months of training. In 6 of the 7 patients in this group, the pretraining submaximal exercise tests were accompanied by electromyographic changes heralding inspiratory muscle fatigue. Their increased endurance time post-training was associated with a delay or absence of these changes. In the other group of 5 patients, who showed no change in exercise performance with training, electromyographic changes heralding inspiratory muscle fatigue were never observed in submaximal exercise tests. We concluded that although the endurance of the inspiratory muscles of patients with chronic airflow limitation is increased, specific training of the inspiratory muscles is usually associated with improved exercise performance only in those who demonstrate electromyographic changes heralding inspiratory muscle fatigue during exercise. PMID- 7224356 TI - Gallium-67 scanning to stage the alveolitis of sarcoidosis: correlation with clinical studies, pulmonary function studies, and bronchoalveolar lavage. AB - Current concepts of the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis suggest that the alveolitis of this disorder is related to increased numbers of mononuclear phagocytes and activated T-lymphocytes within the lung. To determine if 67Ga scanning, a procedure commonly used in the evaluation of inflammation, would be useful in staging the alveolitis of sarcoidosis, we studied 41 patients with this disorder and correlated estimates of pulmonary 67Ga accumulation with clinical, roentgenographic, physiologic, and bronchoalveolar lavage studies in these patients. Although 65% of patients with sarcoidosis showed increased amounts of 67Ga accumulation in the lung compared with control subjects, only weak correlations (r less than +/- 0.42, all comparisons) were found between the degree of gallium uptake and the clinical, roentgenographic, or physiologic data. In contrast, there was a strong correlation of 67Ga uptake and the number of lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes recovered from the lungs of these patients by bronchoalveolar lavage (p less than 0.0001, r greater than or equal to 0.67, both comparisons). This data suggested that gallium uptake reflects the intensity of the T-lymphocytes mediated component of the alveolitis in sarcoidosis. Because 67Ga scans are noninvasive, simple to perform, and widely available, they should prove useful to stage the activity of sarcoidosis and to make decisions regarding therapy directed against the alveolitis of the disease. PMID- 7224357 TI - Variation in isoniazid susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium during the cell cycle. AB - A strain Mycobacterium avium that had limited susceptibility to isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) at 5 micrograms/ml of medium was tested for its susceptibility under cell cycle conditions. The INH-susceptible cells of M. avium were prevented from elongating if INH was present in the medium and, although there was an initial lag of 15 to 20 h, INH was bactericidal for the susceptible cells. Resurgence of viability in the INH-treated cultures was due to multiplication of INH-resistant cells. Ethidium bromide, if present in the INH-treated cultures, prevented multiplication of the INH-resistant cells. PMID- 7224358 TI - Influence of methylprednisolone on mouse alveolar type 2 cell response to acute lung injury. AB - To determine whether corticosteroids influence alveolar type 2 cell events after acute lung injury, we administered 30 mg/kg/day of methylprednisolone (MP) to mice at various times after a single injection of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Tritiated thymidine (3H-T) autoradiographs were used to study type 2 cell proliferation and differentiation. Type 2 cell maturation was evaluated by ultrastructural analysis of lamellar body volume density and area in cells labeled with 3H-T. The BHT damaged type 1 cells and induced proliferation of type 2 cells. Sixty per cent of type 2 cells labeled with 3H-T on Day 3 differentiated into type 1 cells over a 4-day period. Lamellar body area per cell was unchanged. Early administration of MP (Days 1 and 2) inhibited type 2 cell proliferation when lung injury was mild; rebound proliferation occurred afer its discontinuation. The MP failed to inhibit proliferation when lung injury was severe. Prolonged MP administration (Days 1 to 5) resulted in greater type 2 cell proliferation, lung injury, and mortality. Late MP administration (Days 3 and 4) impaired differentiation of type 2 to type 1 cells and more than doubled lamellar body area per cell of new type 2 cells. Important interactions appear to exist between proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of alveolar type 2 cells suggesting that agents that influence one of these processes may influence all aspects of type 2 cell function. PMID- 7224359 TI - Diaphragm paralysis and ventilatory failure in chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy. AB - Ventilatory failure occurred in a patient suffering from proximal neurogenic muscular atrophy resembling the adult form of Kugelberg-Welander syndrome. Diaphragmatic paralysis was diagnosed when patient was found to be unable to generate a transdiaphragmatic pressure difference on deep inspiration. Post mortem examination revealed nearly complete replacement of the diaphragm by fat and fibrous tissue. Although uncommonly reported in the medical literature, ventilatory failure secondary to diaphragm dysfunction should be added to the list of complications encountered in the clinical setting of chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy. PMID- 7224360 TI - Intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor. AB - We report clinical and histologic characteristics of a case of a recently described, rare pulmonary neoplasm. This entity, intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor, is often misdiagnosed as a result of lack of awareness of both its clinical presentation and unique morphologic appearance. Histologic features in our case lend support to a vascular origin of this tumor. PMID- 7224362 TI - Collagen concentration and rates of synthesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 7224361 TI - Serum atropine concentrations after inhalation of atropine sulfate. AB - Six male subjects with chronic bronchitis were given a single aerosol dose of atropine sulfate (0.05 mg/kg). Spirometry and venous blood samples were obtained before and at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 4.0 h after inhalation of drug. All subjects had a satisfactory bronchodilator response and detectable serum concentrations of atropine within 15 min. Measurable serum concentrations persisted for 4 h with apparent continued slow absorption occurring throughout the entire time interval. The maximal concentrations achieved ranged from 1.3 to 5.8 ng/ml in five subjects. A sixth subject achieved much higher concentrations (as high as 21 ng/ml) and experienced systemic side effects. This latter concentration is comparable to those achieved with doses of 1.5 to 2.0 mg of parenteral atropine. Significant systemic absorption may occur after inhalation of atropine sulfate, although the degree of absorption is variable. PMID- 7224363 TI - Thirty-six recommendations for vascular access operations: lessons learned from our first thousand operations. PMID- 7224364 TI - Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: the timing of surgery and significance of thymic pathology. PMID- 7224365 TI - Repair or head and neck defects with the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. AB - The anatomy and technique of applying the pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap to head and neck defects and three cases illustrating this application are presented. Additional points of interest, further experience with the flap, and some pitfalls are discussed. PMID- 7224366 TI - Pseudomembraneous enterocolitis: mechanism for restoring floral homeostasis. AB - Over an 18-year period 16 patients with pseudomembraneous enterocolitis were treated by restoration of floral homeostasis by administration of fecal enemas when standard accepted forms of therapy had failed to resolve the disease. Thirteen of the patients responded dramatically, with decreases in diarrhea, temperature, white blood cell counts, and a rapid convalesence. Of the three patients who died, two did not have the pseudomembrane at death, and one had involvement of the small bowel. No ill effects from the fecal enemas were noted. The observation of the pseudomembrane involving only the right half of the colon in a patient with a diverting transverse colostomy indicates that the disease is a contact mucositis. PMID- 7224367 TI - Sex differences in health status: a reexamination of the nurturant role hypothesis. PMID- 7224368 TI - Beliefs vs. data: more on the illness behavior of men and women. PMID- 7224369 TI - Does IQ really matter? a study of the use of IQ scores for the tracking of the mentally retarded. PMID- 7224370 TI - Undesirable life events and psychophysiological distress: a problem of operational confounding. PMID- 7224371 TI - [Calcified appendiceal calculi in children (author's transl)]. AB - Authors present, a series of 73 infantile appendicular interventions, the high incidence of coproliths found in the appendix lumen (30.13%) which contrasts with the number presented by other authors which oscillate between 0.64 and 15%. The radiologic study of the extirpated appendix shows coproliths which has not been visualized in the preintervention-radiologic exploration. Due to this, authors consider convenient the study of the extirpated piece in order to the exact evaluation of the number of coproliths. Microscopic analysis and infrared spectrophotometry show the existence in the composition of the coproliths abundant in-organic material as well as organic acids and hydrocarbons. PMID- 7224372 TI - [Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis. Report of four cases (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis were observed during a five year period. This represents an incidence of 1.11 per 10,000 cases among alive newborns and of 53 per 10,000 cases among pediatric necropsias performed during the same period. One case was observed in the clinical context of a generalized hemangiolymphangiomatosis, another was associated to tetralogy of Fallot and the remaining two cases were associated to obstruction of pulmonary venous return. Although one of the pathogenic theories generally accepted in the formation of pulmonary lymphangiectasis points to the presence of either hypertension or obstruction of pulmonary venous drainage, it is possible that such situation is only circumstantial. Among 40 personal cases of obstruction of pulmonary venous return proved anatomically, only in the two cases presented were pulmonary lymphangiectasis demonstrated. The presence of dysplastic elements in pulmonary tissue in cases of lymphangiectasis suggests that a more possible mechanism is a primary defect in the development of pulmonary lymphatics. PMID- 7224373 TI - [Primary segmental infarction of the omentum in children (author's transl)]. AB - Authors describe characteristics of this rare disease, as cause of acute abdomen in infancy. They base this on the study of two cases. They establish criteria for differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis, as well as surgical treatment and pathological conditions found during surgery. PMID- 7224374 TI - [Neurological symptoms precipitated by loperamide (author's transl)]. AB - Three children with neurological symptoms precipitated by loperamide are presented, one of them with irreversible sequelae. The use of this drug in infancy is discouraged in view of these secondary effects. PMID- 7224375 TI - [Fulminating pneumococcal sepsis in a splenectomized child]. PMID- 7224377 TI - Renal lesions in acute rheumatic fever. AB - In the past 4 years, four patients with acute rheumatic fever and abnormalities of renal function, urinary sediment, or both have undergone percutaneous renal biopsy at this institution. Distinctly different renal lesions were found and included focal glomerulonephritis, classic acute exudative poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, and severe interstitial nephritis. In each case, the clinical abnormalities were transient. In this report we describe the clinical and pathologic findings in each of these patients to stress the variability of renal lesions that may accompany acute rheumatic fever. PMID- 7224378 TI - A large urban outbreak of histoplasmosis: clinical features. AB - An outbreak of histoplasmosis estimated to involve more than 100,000 residents in Indianapolis, Indiana, occurred between September 1978 and August 1979. In the 435 cases evaluated, 52% of the patients were between 15 and 34 years old, and 63% were black. Fifteen patients died, and 46 progressive disseminated infection. Twenty-four patients had pericarditis, and 26 had rheumatologic syndromes. Unusual manifestations that occurred in 18 patients included esophageal and vocal cord ulcers, parotitis, adrenal insufficiency, uveitis, fibrosing mediastinitis, interstitial nephritis, intestinal lymphangiectasia, and epididymitis. The highest attack rate was in the central part of the city, which is a densely populated, disproportionately black section. The source of the outbreak has not been proved by positive culture results; two sites, however, were suspected on an epidemiologic basis. PMID- 7224376 TI - Prognosis in nontraumatic coma. AB - We conducted serial neurologic examinations on 500 patients in nontraumatic coma to identify factors predicting recovery. Overall, 81 patients (16%) led an independent life at some point within the first year; the remainder either died without recovery from coma (61%), never improved beyond the vegetative state (12%), or regained consciousness but remained dependent on others for daily activities (11%). Functional recovery did not depend on age but was to some degree related to the cause of coma (subarachnoid hemorrhage and other cerebrovascular disease having the worst recovery; hypoxia-ischemia, intermediate; and hepatic and miscellaneous causes, best) and especially to early clinical signs of brain dysfunction. Even within hours of the onset of coma, only one of 120 patients lacking two of corneal, pupillary, and oculovestibular responses ever regained independent function. The study identifies clinical features of comatose patients that appear within the first week and that are important for predicting recovery and designing future therapeutic trials. PMID- 7224380 TI - Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme in dermatomyositis: a noncardiac source. AB - Three patients with polymyositis had elevated serum levels of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme. The presence of this isoenzyme is used extensively to diagnose myocardial infarction, but the isoenzyme is also found in sera of patients with primary muscular and neuromuscular disorders. We studied cardiac function in two of our patients with electrocardiograms, technetium stannous pyrophosphate scanning, and technetium 99m-labeled erythrocyte gated blood pool imaging and in the third patient by postmortem examination. There was no evidence of myocardial involvement to account for the high serum levels of isoenzyme. Creatine kinase MB in the sera of patients with polymyositis does not necessarily indicate myocardial necrosis. PMID- 7224379 TI - The late appearance of chronic pericardial disease in patients treated by radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. AB - Radiation-induced chronic pericardial disease was recognized in nine patients 53 to 124 months (mean, 88 months) after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Depending on whether abnormal cardiac hemodynamics occurred before or after a fluid challenge, patients were considered to have either constrictive pericarditis (Group I) or occult constrictive pericarditis (Group II). There were no differences between these groups in various radiotherapy data, the use of chemotherapy, or the interval after treatment when the diagnosis of chronic pericardial disease was made. There were no consistent noninvasive variables to support the diagnosis of radiation-induced chronic pericardial disease before cardiac catheterization. Four patients underwent pericardiectomy. Two of the four operated patients had an excellent surgical result; a third patient died 4 months postoperatively of drug-induced granulocytopenia; the fourth patient has persistent visceral constrictive pericarditis 18 months after surgery. Speculation over the causes of radiation-induced chronic pericardial disease is made and our recommendations for its treatment given. PMID- 7224381 TI - Horizontal nonparenteral spread of hepatitis B among children. AB - Two families with an unusually high incidence of hepatitis B infection (15 of 21 persons) were investigated over an 18-month period. Serologic evidence of past or present infection--hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), or antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc)- was found in 11 of the 12 members of one family, four of whom were chronic HBsAg carriers, and in four of nine members of a contact family. Anti-HBc was the only serologic marker of infection in five persons. Histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing failed to show an association between carriage of HBsAg and specific HLA markers. Chewing gum was a potential vehicle as HBsAg was detected in gum samples from three of four children who were chronic HBsAg carriers. Horizontal, nonparenteral transmission of hepatitis B virus probably accounted for the clustering of infection in these families, especially via the exchange among children of objects contaminated with oral secretions. PMID- 7224383 TI - Treatment of diazepam withdrawal syndrome with propranolol. PMID- 7224382 TI - Phenytoin-induced methadone withdrawal. AB - Methadone-maintained volunteers experienced moderately severe opiate withdrawal symptoms within 3 or 4 days of beginning phenytoin in therapeutic doses. The area under the methadone plasma concentration-time curve decreased while the ratio of the pyrrolidine-to-metabolite excretion in urine to this area increased significantly. This suggests that phenytoin accelerates methadone metabolism. Methadone dosing adjustments should be anticipated when phenytoin is initiated or discontinued in methadone-maintained patients. PMID- 7224385 TI - Pheochromocytoma unmasked by desipramine therapy. PMID- 7224384 TI - Hypoglycemia-induced hypertension in a diabetic patient on metoprolol. PMID- 7224387 TI - Abnormal cutaneous innervation in multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2b. PMID- 7224386 TI - Cyclophosphamide-associated leukemia in Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 7224389 TI - On the definition and criterion of death. AB - The permanent cessation of functioning of the organism as a whole is the definition underlying the traditional understanding of death. We suggest the total and irreversible loss of functioning of the whole brain as the sole criterion of death; this has always been an implicit criterion of death. If artificial ventilation is present, only completely validated brain dysfunction tests should be used to show that this criterion of death is satisfied. In most cases without artificial ventilation, permanent loss of cardiopulmonary function is sufficient. We propose a statutory definition of death based on the criterion of total and irreversible cessation of whole brain functions but allowing physicians to declare death according to their customary practices in most cases. PMID- 7224390 TI - The ethics of medical publishing: prior publication and full disclosure by authors. PMID- 7224388 TI - Cryptococcal intracerebral mass lesions: the role of computed tomography and nonsurgical management. AB - Cephalic computed tomography (CT) is a sensitive technique for defining certain intracerebral diseases. Four patients with cryptococcosis were evaluated with cephalic computed tomography over 3 years. All had focal, intracerebral "contrast enhanced" lesions consistent with cryptococcal mass lesions, confirmed histopathologically in two. An analysis of 55 cases of cryptococcal intracerebral mass lesions from the literature showed that 18% of patients with these lesions associated with cryptococcal meningitis did not have specific symptoms or signs of focal intracerebral disease or increased intracranial pressure. We therefore recommend that patients with cryptococcal meningitis, regardless of localizing symptoms or signs, be considered for cephalic CT evaluation to ascertain the presence of mass lesions. Three patients in this report were treated with systemic antifungal medication without surgery. Decreased size or disappearance of these lesions was seen on sequential CT scan in all patients. We conclude that selected patients with cryptococcal intracerebral mass lesions may be managed successfully with systemic antifungal therapy alone. PMID- 7224391 TI - Endocardial surgery for ventricular tachycardia: the inside story. PMID- 7224392 TI - Research in medical interviewing. PMID- 7224393 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen: its role as a marker in the management of cancer. A National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference. PMID- 7224394 TI - Oxygen therapy in chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 7224395 TI - Hypertension and angiographic findings in necrotizing vasculitis. PMID- 7224396 TI - Thioridazine-associated ventricular tachycardia and isoproterenol. PMID- 7224397 TI - Myocardial depression with disopyramide. PMID- 7224398 TI - Immunoglobulin D multiple myeloma with thrombocytosis. PMID- 7224399 TI - Thyroid carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7224400 TI - Nontuberculous mycobacterial skin infections. PMID- 7224401 TI - Experience with mebendazole in Guatemala. PMID- 7224402 TI - Interstitial nephritis and cimetidine. PMID- 7224403 TI - Posterior embryotoxon in cholestasis of infancy. PMID- 7224405 TI - [Surgical treatment of cerebrovascular deficit. Extra-intracranial bypass]. PMID- 7224404 TI - [Temporal arteritis]. PMID- 7224406 TI - [Reconstruction problems after destructive surgery of the pancreas. Duodenocephalopancreatectomy]. PMID- 7224407 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency caused by tracheal compression in thyroid disease]. PMID- 7224408 TI - [Phlebography of the lower limbs: considerations on a new technic]. PMID- 7224409 TI - [Laparocele. Clinico-statistical considerations]. PMID- 7224410 TI - [Surgical experience in an unusual thyroid tumor: epidermoid carcinoma. If it can be detected, how should it be treated?]. PMID- 7224411 TI - [Latent cancer of the thyroid]. PMID- 7224413 TI - [Retroperitoneal tumors]. PMID- 7224414 TI - [Doppler ultrasonography of the Climino-Brescia arteriovenous fistula]. PMID- 7224412 TI - [Clinical, therapeutic and pathogenetic considerations of traumatic lesions of the femoro-popliteal venous trunk]. PMID- 7224415 TI - [The value of pancreatectomy in the treatment of pancreatic tumors]. PMID- 7224416 TI - [Current trends in early diagnosis of colorectal cancer]. PMID- 7224418 TI - [Clinical considerations on patients with Le Veen valve prosthesis]. PMID- 7224417 TI - [Incidence of amputations in vascular diseases in general and in particular after lombar sympathectomy and splanchnectomy]. PMID- 7224419 TI - [Acute obliteration of the superior mesenteric artery: a successfully treated case]. PMID- 7224420 TI - [Celiac axis compression syndrome: description of a case]. PMID- 7224421 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cancer of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis: value and limitations of retrograde cholangiopancreatography by way of endoscopy]. PMID- 7224422 TI - [The role of colonoscopy in the diagnosis of cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 7224423 TI - [Symptomatology of abdominal aortic aneurysms by computerized tomography]. PMID- 7224424 TI - [Acute cerebrovascular insufficiency in the elderly after aorto-bifemoral bypass]. PMID- 7224425 TI - [Blind pouch syndrome: a delayed complication of side-to-side anastomosis]. PMID- 7224426 TI - [Observations of hemangiopericytoma in infancy: 2 cases and review of the literature]. PMID- 7224427 TI - [Spontaneous hemobilia in the elderly patient]. PMID- 7224428 TI - [Biliary ileus: consideration of 23 cases]. PMID- 7224429 TI - [Rare hernia of the anterior abdominal wall: etiopathogenetic and anatomical considerations of Spigelian hernia]. PMID- 7224431 TI - [Bilio-digestive anastomosis: a critical and personal judgement]. PMID- 7224430 TI - [Delayed traumatic hernia of the diaphragm: an unusual case observed after 4 years of trauma]. PMID- 7224432 TI - [A substitution for the cervical esophagus with an intestinal autotransplant: an experimental study]. PMID- 7224433 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum: 2 cases with perineal localization]. PMID- 7224434 TI - [Criteria of indications for in biliary calculi surgery]. PMID- 7224435 TI - [Arteriovenous fistula of the renal peduncle following nephrectomy]. PMID- 7224437 TI - [Venous circulation overload in various types of lymphedema]. PMID- 7224436 TI - [Cavernous angioma of the spleen: observation of 2 cases]. PMID- 7224438 TI - [Compression of the axillo-subclavian venous axis: comparison of phlebography, ultrasonics, and blood flow velocity]. PMID- 7224439 TI - [Possible applications of the Doppler effect in peripheral vascular pathology of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7224440 TI - [A rare tumor: cancer of the nipple]. PMID- 7224441 TI - [Critical considerations on the under-use of autotransfusion in surgery (its use in elective vascular reconstructive surgery)]. PMID- 7224442 TI - [Acute perforation of the colon in Crohn disease]. PMID- 7224443 TI - [Intestinal occlusion in Meckel's diverticulum: 5 cases]. PMID- 7224444 TI - [Anatomical and functional aspects of the kidney after pyelolithotomy in elderly patients]. PMID- 7224445 TI - [Morphological studies of peripheral nerves for a better understanding of Charcot Marie-Tooth atrophy and Roussy-Levy hereditary areflexic dysstasia]. AB - The author beings with preliminary remarks concerning the role played by the electron microscope in the correct interpretation of onion bulb formations which are, when observed in sufficient number, characteristics of hypertrophic neuritis. As a result of such studies, certain entities initially considered as closely related to spinocerebellar degenerations are now attributed to this type of peripheral nerve pathology. Discussed first is Charcot-Marie-Tooth atrophy, mainly characterized by its topography and considered to be of neurogenic origin. However, there is disagreement concerning the site of the primary lesions thus bringing into question the individually of this entity. It has now been demonstrated that this disease belongs, at least partly, to the large group of disorders defined as familial or primary hypertrophic neuritis. The same conclusion may be applied to the Roussy-Levy disease since it has been recently demonstrated that the original family upon whom the description was based is suffering from hypertrophic neuritis. Thus, there exists a relationship between these two disorders which may be additionally linked by the present of a tremor. Finally, as a result of pathological nerve studies, the field of disorders due to hypertrophic neuritis has enlarged at the expense of spinocerebellar degenerations. This nosological reappraisal should provide better direction for future research. PMID- 7224446 TI - [Microangiopathy of the diabetic type, without carbohydrate intolerance (author's transl)]. AB - Pathophysiology of diabetic microangiopathy is unclear, but hyperglycemia is admitted as an important factor. In three patients having microangiopathy with lesions very similar to those of diabetes (one nodular glomerulosclerosis, two retinopathies), glucose tolerance was found normal. Such cases, already reported, but rather rare, raise the question of the validity of tests currently used in the diagnosis of diabetes, of the importance of hyperglycemia compared to others factors (specially genetic) in the occurrence of microangiopathy, and of the specificity of these lesions. PMID- 7224448 TI - [Normalization of lipid levels in an 87-year-old woman with a type III dysbetalipoproteinemia by ethinyl estradiol (author's transl)]. AB - An 87-year-old women with a type III hyperlipoproteinemia previously known as good clofibrate responder, was treated with oral doses of 50 and then 25 microgram/day of ethinyl estradiol for 6 weeks. Lipid levels were almost normal after one week of therapy, but increased again as soon as treatment was discontinued. This estrogenic effect appears to result from an improvement in catabolism of beta VLDL, as demonstrated by the absence of clinical signs and electrophoresis criteria during treatment. On the contrary, however, the anomalies in apoprotein E are not influenced by treatment. PMID- 7224447 TI - [Long-term administration of calcium-heparin in thromboembolism (author's transl)]. AB - The profound importance of thrombosis in natural history of venous and arterial thromboembolism justifies long-term use of heparin, the best antithrombotic agent. Through the study of 88 cases concerning patients treated by subcutaneous calcium-heparin for a time from 3 months to 6 years, in several indications of venous and arterial thromboembolism, we can bring the following results: - The treatment is easily accepted when patients are inquired and trained. The doses must be adapted according to clotting assays, which do no more restrain patients than during oral anticoagulant treatment. - The frequency of hemorrhagic complications is the same than during antivitamine K treatments. - Thrombosis occur rarely during heparin therapy, but with high frequency during oral anticoagulant treatments. - Osteoporosis is a real but acceptable risk (10 p. cent) of long-term heparin prescription. - The true limit of treatment is the frequency (34 p. cent) of cutaneous hypersensibility reactions with high blood eosinophilia rate. Always mild, this reaction is related to the subcutaneous administration, and heparin is likely not the single impeached substance. These undesirable effects bind us to their thorough study, in order to obtain better tolerated drugs. PMID- 7224449 TI - [Thromboembolic manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. AB - Among 60 patients (56 females, 4 males) with severe forms of SLE, 13 developed thromboembolic arterial and/or venous manifestations, an overall incidence of 21.6 percent. Thrombophlebitis episodes, mainly affecting lower limbs, occurred in 8 patients, usually an initial or early manifestation of active lupus disease; thrombophlebitis was recurrent in two, and pulmonary embolism was proved in two patients. Arterial occlusion developed in 7 patients, early in the course of active SLE and mainly affecting peripheral arteries in 4, later and affecting coronary arteries in three. In two patients, both arterial and venous manifestations occurred simultaneously or successively. A circulating anticoagulant with antiprothrombinase activity was present in 8 (61 percent) of the 13 patients with thromboembolic manifestations, as compared to only 21 percent of those without such manifestations, a highly significant (p less than 0.001) difference. PMID- 7224450 TI - [Hypophosphoremic osteomalacia secondary to benign connective tissue tumors: a report on three unusual cases with vitamin D metabolites measurements (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of benign connective tissue tumors (intracranial frontal hemangiopericytoma, rectosigmoid hemangioma, intraspinal neurinoma) associated with hypophosphoremic osteomalacia and reduction in plasma 1-25 (OH)2D levels are described. Rapid reversal of biological anomalies and subsequent recovery from clinical manifestations were observed after tumor ablation. Twenty-two identical cases have been reported in the published literature. The sharp- fall in 1-25 (OH)2D levels without secondary hypocalcemia or hyperparathyroidism suggests that intestinal absorption of calcium is not entirely dependent on this metabolite. Increased phosphoremia without a parallel rise in 1-25 (OH)2D levels was noted in one case. The possibility of an existing connective tissue tumor should be explored in all cases of hypophosphoremic osteomalacia. PMID- 7224451 TI - [Reappearance of soft chancre: comments on the current epidemic in Paris (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 678 cases of soft chancre were treated in one hospital between 1973 and 1979. The majority of the patients were males (97 p. cent), and most of them came originally from Maghreb or Black Africa. Contamination was from prostitution (61 p. cent) or chance acquaintances (29 p. cent). The genital ulceration was often clinically atypical, frequently syphiloid; pain was present in only 59 p. cent of cases, and adenopathy, noted in 63 p. cent of patients, had the appearance of an inflammatory bubo in only 23 p. cent. The present high frequency of soft chancres, and their misleading clinical characteristics, makes it sometimes difficult to establish the clinical differential diagnosis from syphilitic chancre, but confirmation of the latter is supplied by direct examination and culture to search for Ducreys bacillus, this being indispensable for establishing the correct diagnosis. Treatment with sulfamethoxazole trimethopin or streptomycin prevents complications and cures the affection in one or two weeks. PMID- 7224452 TI - [Sarcoidosis and portal and pulmonary arterial hypertension: a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A 27-year-old patient, originally from Martinique, presented with a progressive hepatic granulomatosis with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and non-icteric cholestasis, associated with bronchial granulomatosis lesions. The sarcoidosis regressed rapidly after high doses (60 mg/day) of prednisone. Portal hypertension developed later and provoked a severe hematemesis from rupture of esophageal varices. Signs of pulmonary arterial hypertension were then observed, and the diagnosis confirmed by pressure tests after catheterization, and angiography. A portocaval shunt caused the esophageal varices to subside, but the pulmonary arterial hypertension, resistant to corticotherapy, was rapidly fatal. In the case reported, the pulmonary arterial hypertension, independent of any parenchymatous lesion, was attributed to fibrosis of the arterial walls. The association of portal and pulmonary arterial hypertension with sarcoidosis is a very rare occurrence, and the pathogenesis of this association remains a debatable subject. PMID- 7224453 TI - [Alopecia, chronic candidodis, mental retardation and repeated ketoacidosic comas curable by biotin administration: multiple carboxylases deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Multiple carboxylases deficiency, a recently identified metabolic disease in infants, can be cured by the administration of biotine, a cofactor of the carboxylases: pyruvate, propionyl coenzyme A (CoA), methylcrotonyl CoA, and acetyl CoA. The disorder presents as alopecia, associated with chronic candidosis, psychomotor retardation, and frequent episodes of ketoacidosis coma which responded to biotine treatment. Biological signs, related to the deficiency of the individual enzymes, are observed as hyperlactacidemia, propionic aciduria, and methylcrotonylglycinuria. The metabolic basis of this vitamin-dependent size is still obscure, but the research stimulated by this new disease should clarify the still poorly understood physiological role of this vitamin in humans. PMID- 7224454 TI - [Brain abscesses. Value of computed tomography. A review of seven cases (author's transl)]. AB - Based on a series of seven cases of subtentorial abscess, the authors analyze the results of different methods of exploration. Though in certain clinical conditions (intracranial hypertension and meningeal infections) the etiology is of no consequence, in most cases of definite diagnosis can be made of a space occupying lesion by the use of EEG, arteriography, and scintigraphy examinations, without establishing the precise nature of the affection. As expected, computed tomography appears to be the most reliable examination. Diagnosis was confirmed by this method in 6 of the 7 cases, and it also enabled the number, size, and location of the lesions to be determined. Typical appearances after injection of an iodized contrast medium revealed the development of an abscess following the intracerebral infection, and determined the time for surgical intervention. In spite of intensive care and antibiotic therapy, an abscess remains a "delayed action bomb", with poor prognosis, requiring drainage or surgical excision as soon as conditions are appropriate. The mortality and morbidity of this rare, and therefore poorly recognized, affection should improve with systematic use of the scanner during meningeal infections. PMID- 7224455 TI - [Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Autopsy study, clinico-pathological correlations (author's transl)]. AB - During the course of 6 000 autopsies, the number of cases of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis discovered was 130 (absolute frequency of 2.1 p. cent). Frequency was highest among patients with cancer, of which there were many in this series (4 p. cent of 2 287 autopsies). In 83 p. cent of cases, therefore, the endocarditis was of paraneoplasic origin, usually associated with adenocarcinomas, especially those of bronchopulmonary, pancreatic or gastric origin. Less frequently, they developed during the course of shock or debilitating affections. The endocarditis lesion consists of a coagulated fibrin and platelet mass without microbial germs, located electively on the mitral and aortal valves. Emboli are a frequent consequence (47 p. cent of cases) affecting primarily the central nervous system, the kidneys, spleen, and hart. Ischemic effects of these latter, observed in 75 p. cent of cases, are generally latent. In some cases they produce clinical manifestations, and they may be the cause of death from a cerebral or myocardial infarct. Pathological examination demonstrates the frequent association of these endocarditis lesions with often multiple vascular thromboses, and disseminated intravascular coagulation affecting the same regions as the emboli. This emphasizes the major role of coagulation disorders in their genesis. PMID- 7224456 TI - [Deep discovertebral bone biopsy using a trocar controlled by televised radioscopy]. PMID- 7224457 TI - [Clinico-anatomic correlation at Pitie-Salpetriere]. PMID- 7224458 TI - [Normal and abnormal response of the arterial pressure to standing (author's transl)]. AB - Redistribution of blood volume during orthostatism is followed by a reduction in venous return and therefore cardiac output. A drop in the blood pressure following postural changes is normally prevented by the action of the baroreceptor reflex, which leads to an increase in total peripheral resistance and heart rate. Orthostatic hypotension may arise from a variety of causes. In some cases, the disorder of postural regulation is due to an autonomic nervous system disease, and various tests are available that enable the diagnosis to be confirmed and the mechanism of action to be elucidated. Certain of these investigations explore the function of the complete baroreceptor reflex arc, while others enable selective study of either the efferent parasympathetic or sympathetic pathways. Central zones and afferent pathways cannot be explored directly. Individual tests are of limited value only, and the results of overall investigations are necessary for a better understanding and therefore more effective therapy of orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic nervous system disease. PMID- 7224459 TI - [Postural blood pressure variations in primary acute polyradiculitis (author's transl)]. AB - We have explored the baroreceptor reflex on nineteen patients free of all cardiovascular diseases having contracted acute primary polyradiculitis. The tilt test (at 30 degrees from the horizontal line) demonstrates that, at the acute point of the disease, there is a dysregulation of the arterial pressure characterised by an orthostatic hypotension with a lack of normal increase of the peripheric arterial resistances. Once the motor activity restituted, this dysregulation disappears without sequelae. The clinical and pharmacological tests prove a failure in the baroreceptor arc and shows that sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways to the heart and vessels are functionally normal. Thus, this study localizes the defect on the afferent pathways conducting the local information perceived on the baroreceptors. PMID- 7224460 TI - [Treatment of orthostatic hypotension induced by tricyclic antidepressants with yohimbine (author's transl)]. AB - Following the observation that two patients with depression and essential orthostatic hypotension recovered from the latter affection after yohimbine administration, an open study was conducted to assess the activity of yohimbine in correcting orthostatic hypotension induced by tricyclic antidepressants. Results were conclusive in 10 of the 11 patients treated, and were confirmed in a further 12 cases during a double-blind study. Yohimbine appears to be the most effective treatment for orthostatic hypotension, either essential or induced by thymoanaleptic or neuroleptic therapy. PMID- 7224461 TI - [Malignant pheochromocytoma of Zuckerkandl's body; clinical data and treatment: one case (author's transl)]. AB - A forty year old man with malignant pheochromocytoma of Zuckerkandl's body is reported. The case history is a severe hypertension with acute episodes, tachycardia and psychiatric disorders. The tumor extra adrenal site was got by abdominal scanning and its malignant type was demonstrated by pathological study and metastasis of lymph nodes occurring 4 months after surgery. The surgical treatment was associated to antimitotic and alpha blocking therapy. Clinical and biological status is still good after a twelve months follow-up. PMID- 7224462 TI - [Osteogenesis imperfecta and aortic incompetence. One case with pathological findings. Review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Cardiovascular manifestations of Lobstein's disease are rare, probably unrecognized, and determining factors for the final prognosis, the most frequent lesion being aortic incompetence. The eleventh case to be reported with pathological findings in the literature is described. This complication is usually found in men, blood regurgitation being large in amount, symptomatic, and progressive. Its mechanism is related less to dilatation of the aorta and its ring than to valvular changes, they being frequently bicuspid and dysplasic. Histological findings, not however pathognomonic, are myxoid degeneration in the valves and parietal cystic necrosis in the aortic wall. Apart from the absence of an aneurysm and aortic dissection, macro- and microscopic lesions are similar to those observed in Marfan's syndrome and osteogenesis imperfecta. Operative therapy was employed in all eleven cases, with three postoperative deaths and three later deaths. Certain complications arise from uncontrollable severe hemorrhage, which justifies the use of valve heterografts not requiring antivitamin K administration. PMID- 7224463 TI - [Relapsing polychondritis with predominant respiratory involvement treated with Dapsone :value of pulmonary function tests (author's transl)]. AB - A 31-year-old patient had developed lesions in the nasal cartilage during infancy, followed by laryngotracheal lesions when 9 years old. The latter lesions recurred when he was 21, followed several years later by an affection of the main left bronchus and the diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis. Initial respiratory function tests showed mainly a reduction in maximum inspiratory flow, due to sequelae in the upper respiratory tract. Repeated tests were able to demonstrate lesions in the main left bronchus, determining severe expiratory slowing. No significant improvement occurred after one year of corticoid therapy. Treatment with sulfones (Disulone) produced clinical improvement (reappearance of a vesicular murmur in the left lung) and a twofold increase in FEV1. Functional improvement was even better demonstrated by successive flow-volume curves. PMID- 7224465 TI - [Etiological and histological study of 448 cases of lung cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The study of this series of hospitalized patients extended over a period of 8 years, and the number of cases was estimated to be 1/8 of the total lung cancer population seen in the area serviced by the hospital. Distribution according to sex was in the ratio 18.6/1 and the mean age (60 to 62.8 years) was identical whatever the sex, smoking habits, presence or a absence of exposure to asbestos, and the histological type. The epidermoid type was more frequent, both in men (77.6 p. cent) and women (39.1 p. cent). A significant relationship with smoking was observed in the epidermoid form but not with adenocarcinomas. In men who smoked there were 78.6 p. cent of epidermoids against 53.8 p. cent in women, in whom the percentage of undifferentiated types (15.3 p. cent) exceeded that of the men (5.7 p. cent). In nonsmokers, adenocarcinomas represented 70 p. cent in women against 37.5 p. cent in men. In 9 p. cent of the cancers the patient had been exposed to asbestos during their occupation, the degree of exposure being low or moderate in 78 p. cent. The cancers were more frequently proximal (73 compared with 54.2 p. cent), bilateral (8 compared with 3.4 p. cent), derived from the inferior lobe (superior to inferior lobe ratio: 1.2 to 2.75), more often undifferentiated (20 against 4.2 p. cent), and less frequently of the epidermoid type (65 compared with 80.1 p. cent). The histological type is discussed as a function of the methodology of the histological diagnosis, and of the etiological factors, particular smoking and exposure to asbestos. PMID- 7224464 TI - [Lymphangio-immunoblastic adenopathies, sicca syndrome, and purely visceral Kaposi's sarcoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224467 TI - [Immunosuppressive effects of acute phase reactant proteins. Physiopathological role in cancer patients (author's transl)]. AB - Several acute phase reactants have been shown by us and by others to reach abnormally high levels in cancer patients, the more so when the disease is disseminated. These glycoproteins have been tested in vitro for their ability to interfere with PHA blastogenesis and monocyte chemotactism of mononucleated cells from normal donors. It is shown that, used at the concentration they reach in cancer patients, haptoglobin fibrinogen, alpha 2-macroglobulin and transferrin inhibit both tests, whereas orosomucoid inhibits only the in vitro chemotactism of monocytes. It is proposed that these glycoproteins, synthesized by the liver in a response to inflammatory stimuli, are protecting the tumors against immune mechanisms of the host and are therefore part of the immune escape mechanism employed by the tumors. PMID- 7224466 TI - [Cardiac manifestations of the hypereosinophilia syndrome: a report on fifteen cases (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study was conducted in fifteen patients with the hypereosinophilia syndrome to assess the cardiac manifestations of the affection. Clinical, electrical, and radiological findings, together with the results of ultrasonography (8 cases), hemodynamic tests (6 cases), and pathological examinations (7 cases) were used to classify the fifteen patients into four groups: 7 cases with endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF), 5 with non-obstructive cardiomyopathy (NOCM), 2 with pre-existing cardiopathies, and 1 with a normal heart. The manifestations in the 7 EMF cases varied according to the extent of the fibrosis present: 2 adiastolies, 3 valve incompetences, and 2 asymptomatic forms. Cardiac insufficiency can occur in the absence of fibrosis, pathological examination in one case demonstrating that it was due to a myocarditis, with infiltration of eosinophils and necrotic foci. The results of this study underline the close relationship between Loeffler's fibroplastic endocarditis and Davies' fibrous endomyocarditis. The presence of vascular lesions in the hypereosinophilia syndrome leads to difficulties in nosological distinction with some forms of necrotizing angitis especially Churg and Strauss' syndrome. PMID- 7224468 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 7224469 TI - [Ascites inaugurating systemic mastocytosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of urticaria pigmentosa with systemic mastocytosis and review the literature on this occasion. The onset of the disease was marked by the development of ascites. Ascites is rarely mentioned in this affection and remains, as with other manifestations of systemic mastocytosis, without any explanation. The diagnosis was established first on the diffuse mastocyte infiltration especially in the bone-marrow and second, on the hypersecretion of hormonal factors especially histamine by mastocytes. The symptomatic treatment of this affection is based on histamine inhibitors and disodium cromoglycate seems to be an efficient drug. With the possible development of acute leukemia, the eventual association with a carcinoma and the frequency of serious digestive bleeding, the prognosis may be very poor. PMID- 7224471 TI - [Clinico-anatomical conference at Pitie-Salpetriere]. PMID- 7224470 TI - [Partial lipodystrophy (cephalothoracic type) with asymptomatic dense deposit disease (author's transl)]. AB - We report a case of partial lipodystrophy (P.L.D.) of the cephalothoracic type associated with low C3 serum level. In spite of the absence of renal symptom a renal biopsy was performed which demonstrated dense deposits disease characterized by the lack of cellular proliferation and highly segmentary deposits similar to those observed in remission after renal transplantation for these disease. A review of the literature shows the frequent occurrence of this pathological association. In general P.L.D. and complement abnormalities are thought to precede nephropathy. However chronological relationship between the former and the later must be interpreted cautiously as our case shows that dense deposits disease can be associated with P.L.D. in the lack of clinical evidence of renal disorder. PMID- 7224472 TI - [Diagnostic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pneumopathies in immunodeficient adults: a report on 59 examinations (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty-nine fiberoptic examinations with endobronchial sampling, brushings, distal bronchial biopsy, and alveolar lavage were conducted during the course of recent pneumopathies in immunodeficient adults with malignant hemopathies (41 cases), solid tumors (7 cases), and other affections (11 cases). Diagnosis was established by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 4 cases with specific locations of hemopathy or cancer, after bronchial biopsy, in 5 cases of mycoses, after bronchial biopsy, aspiration and/or alveolar lavage, in 4 patients with bacterial pneumonia after bronchial aspiration, and in 1 case of pneumocystosis, after distal biopsy. Diagnosis was not confirmed in the other cases. Mortality (50 p. cent) was similar in the diagnosed group and the group without confirmation of diagnosis. No significant complications due to the examination were observed, except for worsening of the respiratory condition in 7 patients with hypoxemia. The role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in causing these alterations cannot be excluded. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy appears to be a safe examination except in patients with hypoxemia (PaO2 less than or equal to 50 mmHg). Distal biopsy appeared to be of less value than bronchial biopsy in these patients, as there was a positive correlation between the results of the latter examination and the macroscopic lesions observed in all cases. PMID- 7224473 TI - [The adopted child and his problems. Pedo-psychiatric point of view]. AB - After a survey of the recent pedopsychiatric literature concerning the difficulties exhibited by young adoptees, we describe our own experience with 35 adopted children. The subjects were divided in two groups: a) the first group of 26 cases (74%) concerning clinical disturbances with no evident relation to the situation derived by the adoption; b) the second group of 9 cases (26%) concerning: 1. four cases ou rebellious behaviour against the adopters et 2. fives cases of camouflaged rejection of the adoptees by their adopters. These 9 cases are given with details; the characteristics of the other 26 cases are summarized. Our pedopsychiatric experience has shown that adoption was a failure in 26% of the cases related in the present study. PMID- 7224474 TI - [Proposal of a neurobiological model for psychiatry]. PMID- 7224475 TI - [Rape, an approach to the raped woman]. PMID- 7224476 TI - [A rapist-murderer guillotined in 1969. Comments on the state of his brain]. PMID- 7224477 TI - [Crime in Martinique. Various psychiatric and medicolegal aspects (apropos of 96 cases)]. PMID- 7224478 TI - [The contribution of psychiatry to the problem of beliefs]. AB - To believe is a biological function with a neurophysiological specific mechanism. This thesis comes out from psychopathological studies of delirium, obsession and psychological treatment. The restoration of this function and his differenciation of thinking, makes necessary the reconsideration of notion of believing, with its enormous consequences, in the life and human sciences. PMID- 7224479 TI - [Multi-family encounter group in a residence for chronic patients]. PMID- 7224480 TI - [Psychic sequelae of herpetic encephalitis]. PMID- 7224481 TI - [Privative syndrome of brain-injured patients (aboulia, asthenia, apathy, ataraxia)]. AB - The authors analyze the personality of cranial-traumatized patients in the years that follow the accident or neuro-surgery. They point out the negative aspect of the behaviors noted: abulia, apathy, selfdenial, passiveness, and especially the failure to recognize the very special syndrome, that is no pure psychosis, nor actual neurosis, not even dementia that is well-known by the neuro-surgeons, badly-known by the experts and forgotten in the tables. The evolution of this syndrome of long duration, it lasts from two to five years, according to circumstances, and for some symptoms or occasionally chronic patients. PMID- 7224484 TI - [Non-schizophrenic destructuration: nosologic consequences]. PMID- 7224485 TI - [Deinstitutionalization: myth or reality (present-day aspects of returning mentally ill patients to society in the United States]. AB - From a recent journey in the U.S.A. we bring any news about deinstitutionalization. This current is not knew as soon as it must in France and connoted of ideological conceptions, which are very distant from the real practices. PMID- 7224483 TI - [136 karyotypes in psychiatry: surprising results]. AB - 136 patients admitted into a psychiatric unit underwent a routine caryotype examination, without any previous selection, 9 anomalies were noticed, including one case of X-tetrasomia, reported elsewhere, and eight mosaics. The patients concerned do not present any morphological anomaly or intellectual deficiency. The authors consider those--mostly gonosomial--mosaics as a minimal brain damage, favourising the appearance of the particular psychiatric syndrome. PMID- 7224482 TI - [Ergotism in a psychiatric setting caused by combined dihydroergotamine erythromycin propionate. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7224486 TI - [Eye tracking. Importance for analyzing attention problems in schizophrenics]. PMID- 7224487 TI - [Behavioral and cognitive therapy for obsessions and compulsions. Methodology and technics]. PMID- 7224488 TI - [Hemodialysis and schizophrenia]. PMID- 7224489 TI - [Digestive utilization of cis and trans docosenoic acids in the rat: effects of dietary levels of calcium and linoleic acid]. AB - Digestibilities of cis and trans docosenoic acids (C 22:11) have been determined in male growing Wistar rats. Eight groups of rats were fed diets with 0.04 or 0.92% calcium and 15% lipids; the latter contained about 46% cis or trans C:22:1, and 1.5 or 28% linoleic acid. Food consumption was recorded and faeces were collected during 9 days. Fecal lipids were extracted in two fractions: soluble (in chloroform), and insoluble; the fatty acids of both fractions were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. Calcium and, in some cases, Phosphorus, were determined in the soluble fraction. The digestibility of brassidic acid was strongly lowered by the presence of Calcium in the diet (-35 points). This was due to the massive formation, in the gut, of insoluble Calcium complexes (probably Calcium soaps) of brassidic acid. Dietary linoleic acid improves the absorption of brassidic acid (+ 17 points). This effect could result from the lower melting point of the dietary fat (37 degrees C instead of 48 degrees C) and/or from the emulsifying properties of monolinolein in the intestine. The effects of Calcium and of linoleic acid were additives. In the most favourable conditions (no Calcium, 28% linoleic acid), brassidic acid digestibility reached 98%. Erucic acid digestibility was decreased by dietary Calcium, but to a lesser extent than that of brassidic acid (-17 points). Here again, the formation in the gut of Calcium erucate and Calcium-Phosphorus-erucate complexes was responsible of this phenomenon. As a matter of fact, the digestibility of erucic acid reached nearly 100% when no Calcium was added to the diet. The absorption of erucic acid was not improved by dietary linoleic acid. PMID- 7224490 TI - [Effect of methionine supplementation of a diet low in riboflavin and at 2 levels of protein on metabolism of riboflavin in the lactating rat]. AB - Lactating female rats were fed diets A or B containing 18 and 12% of casein respectively, or similar diets but supplemented with 0.4% of methionine (diets AM or BM). The animals and their pups were sacrificed at the 18th day of lactation. Control non lactating female rats fed the same diets for the same period of time were also sacrificed. Total riboflavin and its various forms (flavin adenin dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide + free riboflavin) were measured in various tissues as well as in the milk which was collected from the stomach of the pups after a time controlled suck. In the lactating females fed diets A and B as well as in the control animals fed the same diets the concentrations of riboflavin and of its various forms in plasma, liver and carcass are unchanged. However in group B, they are higher in milk and in tissues of the pups. These results seem to be due to a decrease in food intake by the lactating females fed diet B which results in a decrease in milk production which in turn induces a lower growth rate of the pups although the riboflavin consumption by the latter is unchanged. Addition of methionine to the diet B (diet BM) induces the same effects as diet A which contains the highest amount of proteins but addition of methionine to the diet A (diet AM) has no further incidence. Therefore the present study has not revealed any direct effect of methionine on riboflavin metabolism in lactating female rats and their pups since the effects are similar to an increase of the total protein level in the diet. In both cases they seem to be simply related to an increase of the food consumption. PMID- 7224491 TI - [Effect of substituting coconut oil for part of the tallow in milk replacement diet on the postprandial formation of plasma lipids in young preruminant calves]. AB - The effects of coconut oil intake on fatty acid composition and plasma content of lipids have been investigated in Friesian preruminant male calves (3-weeks-old) 2 h (T2), 3 h (T3), 5 h (T5) and 7 h (T7) after the morning meal. Calves were fed for 21 days a milk replacer containing 21 p. 100 of dry matter which comprised tallow (diet T), or 2/3 tallow +1/3 coconut oil (diet A) or 1/3 tallow + 2/3 coconut oil (diet B). Compared with the data in the case of the conventional diet (diet T), plasma triglycerides (TG) and non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations were much higher with diet A (10 p. 100 C12 +C14 acids) and much lower with diet B (30 p. 100 C12 + C14 acids). Cholesteryl esters (CE) and phospholipids (PL) concentrations showed, at each sampling time, higher values with diets A or B. C12 and C14 acids were only present in plasma NEFA and TG with diets A and B. Saturation degree of plasma NEFA and TG was very high. It reached the highest value in the TG at T3 with diets T and A, at T5 with diet B. The fatty acids composition of plasma TG was only similar at T7 to that of feed TG (diet T, A or B). The fatty acid composition of plasma PL and especially CE was characterized, for the 3 diets, by the high level of polyunsaturated fatty acid proportions. PMID- 7224493 TI - [Nitrogen excretion of Helix aspersa Muller (Mollusca Gastropoda Pulmonata)]. AB - Helix aspersa, studied in Brittany, has not a complete uricolytic enzymatic chain. Allantoinase and allantoicase are absent, but, in vitro, uricase and urease are very active. A part from uric acid, Helix aspersa shows a high rate of urea and ammonia. The level of these substances is dependant on the age of the snail and on its physiological state. PMID- 7224494 TI - [Absorption of calcium by growing goats: effect of oxalates]. AB - The influence of sodium oxalate and calcium oxalate upon calcium digestibility was studied in growing goats. Furthermore, and in the same animals, calcium absorption efficiency was estimated after performing duodenal fistula which allowed us to introduce calcium chloride or calcium oxalate and sodium oxalate, in order to avoid ruminal bacteria action upon the forementioned compounds. Finally, calcium absorption of an isolated intestine loop was studied in conscious goats with a Crocker Markowitz fistula, in the presence or absence of oxalate. The addition of sodium oxalate to the diet did not significantly decrease calcium absorption; but when calcium was given as oxalate, absorption was considerably lower. When calcium was introduced as calcium chloride through duodenal fistula, absorption was the same as when the substance was given in the diet. Calcium absorption drastically decreased when sodium oxalate was introduced directly into the duodenum, this fact is confirmed when calcium absorption is estimated in a jejunal loop, which shows that the differences found in relation to the effect of dietary sodium oxalate or directly introduced in duodenum are due to the substance destruction by ruminal bacteria. PMID- 7224498 TI - Low tension glaucoma. Part II. Clinical characteristics and pathogenesis. PMID- 7224496 TI - Effect of pyridoxine on intestinal transport of nutrients in two teleosts. PMID- 7224499 TI - Extruding orbital implant: prevention and treatment. AB - Requisites and a surgical technique using autogenous fascia lata femoris to effectively prevent or treat extrusion of orbital implants are described and discussed. PMID- 7224495 TI - [Action of soluble carbohydrates from avocado (Persea gratissima Gaertner) fruit on utilization of calcium in the rat]. AB - Ethanolic extract containing soluble sugars was prepared from avocados (variety americana) coming from Madagascar. In this extract, thin layer and paper chromatography showed the presence of a ketoheptose, the mannoheptulose, in amount of 0.1 g/ml extract or 1.1 g/100 g fresh pulp. Physiological experiments were performed with avocado extract and comparatively with a sample of commercial mannoheptulose. Six-month-old rats were given by stomach tube 10 mM CaCl2 solution (+ 45Ca) containing a carbohydrate. Depending on the group, the carbohydrate was 20 and 100 mM glucose (control), D-mannoheptulose 200, 100, 50 and 25 mM, avocado extract concentrated or diluted 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16. Blood samples were taken at different times after the administration and plasma radioactivity was measured. Rats were sacrificed at 24 hours; femur and axis radioactivity was used as a measure of calcium absorption. Both mannoheptulose and avocado extract were potent on calcium absorption. This absorption increased progressively with sugar concentration, in mannoheptulose and avocado groups. The interpretation of these results was discussed and also their application to the Nutrition in tropical and subtropical countries. PMID- 7224492 TI - [Effect of a diet enriched in essential fatty acids on lipid values and composition of fatty acids in serum lipid fractions in the aged]. PMID- 7224500 TI - Metastatic tumors of the orbit. AB - A wide variety of metastatic tumors can invade the orbit. The incidence of orbital metastases varies in different studies and may be increasing. The most common tumors in children and adults are enumerated. The clinical features are given and diagnostic techniques listed. The value of the carcinoembryonic antigen is shown by data and a case report. The prognosis and treatment of orbital metastases are detailed with specific reference to breast cancer. The estrogen receptor assay is described and its usefulness illustrated with a case report. PMID- 7224501 TI - Contribution to Binkhorst's membrane deprivation and Worst's decompartmentalization of the eye syndromes. PMID- 7224497 TI - Anophthalmia in an infant of parents using LSD. AB - We have described a unilateral anophthalmia in an infant with normal chromosome studies born to parents who took LSD before and during pregnancy. In view of the lack of any other fetal abnormalities in this child, known to be associated with LSD, we report this case to suggest that anophthalmia may be a new drug-related defect. A complete drug history of the parents should be taken in cases of congenital abnormalities to accumulates further data, which will point conclusively to the etiology of anophthalmia and possibly other congenital defects. PMID- 7224503 TI - [Proposed schedule for homologous artificial insemination]. PMID- 7224504 TI - [Febrile morbidity in gynecological surgery. Communication between the vagina and the peritoneal cavity as the principle etiopathogenic factor]. PMID- 7224502 TI - Choroidal involvement with Mycobacterium intracellulare. AB - Atypical mycobacteria are becoming increasingly more important as causative organisms of disease in various parts of the body. The eye, however, is infrequently involved. Mycobacterial infection in the eye is more frequent in the anterior segment than the posterior segment. Dissemination of the organism, necessary for retinal or choroidal involvement, is usually seen in a very debilitated host. A case report is presented of choroiditis presumably caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare in an asymptomatic host. Treatment of disease caused by the atypical mycobacteria to date has been difficult. PMID- 7224506 TI - [Condylomatous lesions with atypical features caused by mild dysplasia of the female genital tract]. PMID- 7224507 TI - Radiation-associated carcinoma of the salivary glands. A controlled study. PMID- 7224508 TI - Temporal bone histopathology of necrotizing external otitis. A case report. AB - Histopathological examination of the temporal bone of an individual with necrotizing external otitis revealed severe inflammation with necrosis in the subcutaneous granulation tissue in the external auditory canal. Erosion of the bony walls of the canal had created a defect in the anterior wall, through which infection spread to the preauricular region. The lateral part of the middle ear cavity was also filled with granulation tissue and purulent exudate. A dehiscence of the horizontal portion of the facial canal had apparently allowed spread of an inflammatory round cell infiltrate along the facial nerve up to the fundus of the internal auditory canal. The only evidence of inner ear pathology was the presence of eosinophilic fluid material in the perilymphatic spaces of the labyrinth. A review of other reports of cases of necrotizing external otitis seems to show that this is the only instance of this disease in which infection spread from the external canal through the tympanic membrane to the middle ear and thence to the internal auditory canal. PMID- 7224505 TI - [Comparison between Vabra-curettage and traditional curettage in the study of endometrial pathology]. PMID- 7224509 TI - Prosthetic vocal rehabilitation following laryngectomy. The voice button. PMID- 7224510 TI - Ultrasonic analysis of head and neck neoplasms. Correlation with surgical findings. AB - Ultrasonography of head and neck neoplasms is useful in the preoperative evaluation of patients. Inflammatory masses demonstrate high reflectivity in a homogeneous pattern and have diffuse borders. Similarly, lipomas show medium to high reflectivity and have a homogeneous pattern, but are well outlined. Mixed tumors of the major salivary glands have a characteristic heterogeneous pattern and are well outlined. Malignant lesions demonstrate low reflectivity in a homogeneous or heterogeneous pattern and have poorly outlined or diffuse borders. Cysts of the head and neck are well outlined and devoid of interior echoes. PMID- 7224511 TI - Nature of blood-labyrinth barrier in experimental conditions. AB - The blood-labyrinth barrier is concept that has evolved based on marked difference in chemical composition between perilymph and blood. Studies reported here have been designed to manipulate physiologic, metabolic, and pharmacologic conditions in experimental animals in order to determine the characteristics of this regulatory mechanisms. Tracer studies of uptake of sodium, calcium, and albumin from blood into perilymph showed that these substances penetrate into inner ear fluids quite slowly. Injections of ototoxic substances (kanamycin, furosemide) show limited transport of these agents into perilymph. Administration of an osmotic agent (urea) resulted in a parallel but delayed elevation of perilymph concentration. The possible role of a alteration of blood-labyrinth barrier in inner ear disorders has been discussed. PMID- 7224512 TI - Medical management of Meniere's disease. AB - The medical management of Meniere's disease appears to be a misunderstood and controversial subject. There are those physicians who state that all cases can be controlled by medical means and that surgery is never indicated. Another group of investigators now emphasizes early surgical intervention without a medical trial. These conflicting views have led the authors to review all of their cases of Meniere's disease (almost 1,000) in relation to medical management. The medical regime and its rationale are presented in detail. The results of this therapy are discussed in the context of control of vertigo, relief of tinnitus and pressure, and the stabilization of hearing. PMID- 7224513 TI - Lysosomal hydrolases in middle ear effusions. AB - Biochemical studies of middle ear effusions have demonstrated generally higher levels of certain hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in mucoid fluids when compared to serous. We have extended these studies by analyzing middle ear effusions for the content of a large number of lysosomal hydrolases. The mean specific activity for alpha-glucosidase in mucoid fluids was found to be ten times that for serous fluids while alpha-mannosidase, beta-glucuronidase, hexosaminidase, acid phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were found to be three to five times greater in mucoid than serous effusions. In this study the specific enzyme activities for lysosomal hydrolases from purulent effusions were found to be intermediate between the activities in serous and mucoid effusions. No significant correlation was found between the specific activities of lysosomal hydrolases and the presence or absence of bacteria in mucoid or serous middle ear effusions. The hexosaminidase isozyme distribution was found to be identical for serous and mucoid fluids and similar to that found in human serum. However, the isozyme pattern of beta-glucuronidase in mucoid effusions was significantly different than that in normal human serum as mucoid fluids contain a large amount of an anionic isoenzyme of beta-glucuronidase that is barely detectable in human serum. PMID- 7224514 TI - Eye-head coordination and lateral canal block in squirrel monkeys. AB - Eye and head nystagmus during horizontal optokinetic stimulation was analyzed in squirrel monkeys. Slow phase speed of coupled head and eye nystagmus showed highly significant negative correlations in normal subjects; correlation coefficients were -0.81 at 60 degrees/sec and -0.72 at 100 degree/sec stimuli. Bilateral semicircular canal block resulted in a reduction of the negative correlation. The postoperative reduction of the correlation coefficient value ranged from 0.17-0.28 (significant at P less than 0.01 level) at 60 degrees/sec stimulus and 0.06-0.13 (non significant) of 100 degrees/sec stimulus. Gaze speed was calculated by summing slow phase speeds of coupled head and eye nystagmus. Mean error of gaze in normal subjects was 1.5% at 60 degrees/sec stimulus and 7.8% at 100 degrees/sec stimulus. Mean gaze speed showed an overshoot (8% at 60 degrees/sec stimulus and 6.5% at 100 degrees/sec stimulus) in the tree to four weeks postoperative period; however, this subsided two to three months after the operation. Measurement of head-turning performance (in yaw plane) in humans may provide a clinically useful index for the assessment of certain types of vestibular function. PMID- 7224515 TI - Sarcoidosis and fluctuating hearing loss. AB - Neurological manifestations of sarcoidosis occur in 5% of affected patients. Of the cranial nerves, the eighth nerve is the fourth most frequently involved. The central nervous system lesion is presumed to be a granulomatous meningitis that directly infiltrates the cranial occur in concert with other neurological findings, but may be the only presenting complaint. Sarcoidosis is not generally recognized as a cause of fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss. The fluctuating quality of the hearing loss has been noted by other investigators, but no patient has been previously reported with hearing fluctuation as the initial complaint. A chest radiograph and eye examination are mandatory. The diagnosis may be suspected from hilar adenopathy and uveitis, and confirmed by node biopsy. The hearing will usually improve on steroid therapy. Sarcoidosis represents yet another disease entity the otolaryngologist must consider in the differential diagnosis of fluctuating hearing loss. PMID- 7224516 TI - Velocity of rapid eye movements and vertigo of central origin. AB - Peak velocities of voluntary saccades and fast phases of different qualities of nystagmus were studied in 20 normal subjects, 5 patients with pontine lesions and 5 patients with lesions in the frontal cortex. The peak velocity of saccades was related to the amplitude of the eye movement, the alertness of the subject and whether the subject could see the target or not. The effect of the age was not significant. The quick phases of caloric, optokinetic and angular acceleration induced nystagmus were equally rapid but somewhat slower than that of vestibular nystagmus recorded in standardized visual surrounding. In the same visual condition saccades were always faster than quick phases of nystagmus. Patients with cortical lesions had normal velocities in saccades and quick phases of nystagmus. Patients with pontine disorders had significantly reduced saccadic and quick phase velocity, and some of the patients exhibited dissociations between velocity mechanisms while the somewhat higher velocity in quick phase of vestibular nystagmus recorded in light is probably related to higher attention evoked by vestibular-visual interaction. PMID- 7224518 TI - Myringoplasty with fascial stakes. AB - Myringoplasty reinforced by fascial stakes was performed in 87 ears. Small tongue like fascial projections or "stakes" were used to keep the fascial graft in position. No foreign material was introduced into the middle ear cavity to support the graft and the drum. The technical details of this procedure are described and analysis of the results is presented. PMID- 7224520 TI - Perineural metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the face. Therapeutic considerations. PMID- 7224519 TI - Association of a thyroglossal duct cyst and a dermoid cyst in the neck. A case report. PMID- 7224517 TI - Myositis ossificans following radical neck dissection. AB - Myositis ossificans traumatica is an uncommon disorder in which there is posttraumatic bone formation in muscle and other soft tissues near bone. The lesion is exceedingly rare in the head and neck. A case is presented in which myositis ossificans of the platysma occurred following radical neck dissection. Because recurrence may follow excision of the abnormal bone, removal is recommended only if there are significant symptoms associated with the lesion. If surgery is indicated, it should be delayed for 6 to 12 months following the initial trauma to allow for maturation of the lesion. PMID- 7224522 TI - Ben H. Senturia lecture. Leaking labyrinth lesions, deafness, tinnitus and dizziness. AB - The remarkable integrity of the finely balanced membranous labyrinth is occasionally disrupted, resulting in fistulae of various types in a number of locations. Such leaking labyrinth lesions can be congenital origin, due to various types of malformations. They may be caused by destructive diseases such as syphilis, by many variants of acute and chronic otomastoiditis, and sequelae of otosclerosis surgery, and finally, as results of a variety of traumatic disruptions of labyrinthine integrity. Deafness dizziness, and tinnitus are frequent symptoms and sequelae may include meningitis and other intracranial complications. The clinical consideration of leaking labyrinth lesions must always be considered in otologic diagnoses. PMID- 7224523 TI - [Pemphigus foliaceus in a child. A two years follow-up under steroid. An immunosuppression therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The observation of pemphigus foliaceus out of endemic zone in a six-year-old child is reported. The rate of anti-ICS antibodies is very high (1/6,400). The direct immunofluorescence shows the common aspect of epidermic network between the cells. Fluorescence basement membrane has been found with monospecific anti C3 sera, and after remission with the monospecific anti-IgG sera. The clinical, histological and immunological relationship between pemphigus foliaceus in its sporadic and endemic forms and pemphigus erythematosus are discussed. The clinical and immunological regression is obtained by association of prednisone and immunodepressive therapy. After two years of treatment the maintenance dosis is not yet reached. A review of ten previous reported cases of pemphigus foliaceus in children in its sporadic form is presented. PMID- 7224521 TI - Pathology consultation. Nasal (Schneiderian) papillomas. AB - Schneiderian papillomas are unique lesions of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Most often epidermoid in histologic appearance, the Schneiderian papilloma favors two sites: the septum and lateral wall of the nasal cavity. In both sites recurrences are frequent. Papillomas of the lateral wall, in addition, have a significant association with carcinoma. PMID- 7224524 TI - [Eczematoid dermo-epidermitis]. AB - A methodic study of 50 cases, had to the discussion of a real clinical well established entity. The lesions start from an initial site, located on the inferior limbs in 2/3rd of the cases; then within a variable period of time extend larger and larger by proliferating in numerous patches. These lesions present as polymorphic, erythemato-squamous or oozing. They often evolve towards recurrence. The disease is more frequently encountered among 50-year-old men. Several factors contribute to the onset of the lesions: chronic alcoholism--lack of sanitary conditions--microbial background--stasis--overweight. A disturbed system of cutaneous protection and a lack of immune defences versus an antigen, probably a bacteria, are at the origin of the pathogenesis of these disorders. Considering the treatment, we wish to underline the benefit of local coal tar applications. PMID- 7224525 TI - [Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation following pityriasis rosea. Presentation of two cases (author's transl)]. AB - We describe two cases of acquired hyperpigmented macular eruption following pityriasis rosea. This condition is characterized by an eruption of discrete grayish macules on the trunk. On the back, the lesion are oval and their long axis follows the cutaneous liners. Similar features have been described by Runtova. The clinical type of this pigmented eruption is quite comparable to the cases recently described by Degos, Civatte and Belaich under the title of "idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation". Sometimes the "idiopathic" character of this pigmented eruption may be lacking, when a retrospective diagnosis of lichen planus or pityriasis rosea can be made. We think that the pigmentogenes pityriasis rosea should be included in the group of atypical pityriasis rosea. A survey of the literature allows to recognize some identical cases formerly reported under various titles. All these cases should be grouped together under the title of pigmentogenes pityriasis rosea. PMID- 7224527 TI - [C.O.I.F. syndrome (polyonychic type)]. PMID- 7224526 TI - [Iso Kikuchi syndrome (C.O.I.F. syndrome). A report on 2 cases and a review of 44 cases in the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Attention was drawn to congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers (C.O.I.F.) by Iso, and later by Kikuchi who collected several cases. Micronychia, polyonychia, anonychia, hemionychrogryphosis and malalignment are the observed index finger defects. Five classical criteria were given to characterize the C.O.I.F. syndrome: 1 degree congenital, 2 degrees involvement of index fingers, 3 degrees variability in nail appearance, 4 degrees non-familial, non-hereditary, 5 degrees without bone and joint abnormalities. Alternative criteria are suggested for this syndrome. These are: 1 degree congenital, 2 degrees unilateral or bilateral index finger involvement, variability in nail appearance, 4 degrees possible hereditary involvement, 5 degrees frequent associated bone abnormalities. PMID- 7224529 TI - [R.E.M. syndrome or idiopathic reticular erythema]. PMID- 7224530 TI - [Comparative study of experimental pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba strains (author's transl)]. AB - We have tested pathogenicity on mice after the intranasal instillation of 8 Acanthamoeba strains isolated from swimming-pools. The A1 strain of A. culbertsoni has also been tested as pathogenic reference strain. Virulence is measured by determination of D.L. 50 for each strain from the study of the variation of mortality in relation to the inoculated dose. We have established that the most of Acanthamoeba strains (6 on 8) isolated from an external environment (swimming-pools) are able to kill a certain percentage of mice after intranasal instillation. But the potential pathogenicity revealed in this way varies greatly (D.L. 50 included between 4.10(2) and 4.10(5)) from one strain to another. Elsewhere there seems to be no correlation among Acanthamoeba between the observed pathogenicity and the fact that it belongs to a particular species. PMID- 7224528 TI - [Erythropoietic protoporphyria]. PMID- 7224533 TI - [Life cycle of Clinostomum golvani n. sp. (Trematoda : Clinostomidae) a larval parasite of Biomphalaria glabrata, the snail vector of Schistosoma mansoni in Guadeloupe (author's transl)]. AB - The life cycle of a new species of Clinostomidae, Clinostomum golvani, described in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). The first intermediate host is the snail vector of Schistosoma mansoni in this island, Biomphalaria glabrata, which can be sterilized by this parasite. Poecilia reticulata (guppy) serves as the second intermediate host. Adult worms were obtained under experimental conditions from Butorides virescens (the definitive host in nature), Nycticorax nycticorax and Ardea purpurea. The adult worm closely resembles Clinostomum complanatum but the larval stages (rediae and cercaria) show several differences. The chaetotaxic description of a cercaria of Clinostomidae is given for the first time. PMID- 7224534 TI - [Presence in France of Paramphistomum leydeni Nasmark, 1937 (Trematoda:Paramphistomata) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors point out, for the first time, the presence of Paramphistomum leydeni Nasmark, 1937 in the rumen of cattle originating from Loire-Atlantique and Camargue. The parasite is briefly described again and its systematic position is discussed. PMID- 7224532 TI - Indosolenorchis hirudinaceus Crusz, 1951 (Platyhelminthes; Digenea) from the Dugong, Dugong dugon (Muller) (Mammalia; Sirenia). AB - Indosolenorchis hirudinaceus Crusz, 1951 from the caecum and large intestine of the dugong (Dugong dugon Muller) is redescribed from specimens from the Red Sea, East Africa, Sri Lanka, Japan, Indonesia and Australasia. Specimens described by Dollfus (1950) as Zygocotyle species are referred to Indosolenorchis hirudinaceus. There is some doubt concerning the identity of the genus Solenorchis as described by Hilmy (1949), but for the time being, it seems best to retain Solenorchis and Indosolenorchis as separate genera. PMID- 7224531 TI - Effects of saline extract of ovine hydatid cyst scoleces in sheep. Blockade of responses by compound 48/80. AB - The effects of intravenous administration of the saline extract of the ovine hydatid cyst scoleces on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems were studied in sodium pentobarbital-anesthesized sheep. Scoleces were obtained from the lung hydatid cysts of freshly slaughtered sheep, sonicated in physiologic saline and centrifuged to recover the extract in the supernatant fluid. Administration of 1 4 ml of the saline extract resulted in hypotension, shallow rapid respiration, slight elevation of the central venous pressure and transient electrocardiographic changes. Pretreatment of the animals with atropine, 1 mg/kg S.C., or with the antihistamine antazoline, 5 mg/kg I.V., did not block the responses to the saline extract of hydatid cyst scoleces. Pretreatment with compound 48/80, a histamine releaser, abolished the reactions to the administration of the scoleces extract. It is concluded that ovine hydatid scoleces extract has profound cardiovascular and respiratory effects, and that histamine release seems to be involved in the induction of responses to the extract. PMID- 7224535 TI - [Motility and infestivity of first-stage Protostrongylid larvae. Factors of variation (author's transl)]. AB - The infection of land-snails was realised in order to relate the motility of Protostrongylid first-stage larvae to their infectivity. Various factors such as the age of larvae, their density, the composition of the conservation liquid and the temperature were tried on the motility of larvae. A clear relation appeared between motility and infestivity of larvae. The age, density of larvae, and cold did influence negatively their motility. On the contrary increases in temperature and optimal concentrations of magnesium, calcium and sodium salts did influence positively the motility. Induced variations of motility did provoke related fluctuations of infestivity. PMID- 7224536 TI - [Two filariae of the genus Eufilaria in Turdus merula; development in Culicoides nubeculosus (author's transl)]. AB - Turdus merula from Nevers (France) is infected by two species of microfilariae which both evolve in eight days (26 degrees C) in Culicoides nubeculosus. We determine as Eufilaria delicata Supperer, 1958, the females with the longest microfilariae, the male with slightly unequal spicules and the largest infective larvae. We consider the species with the shorter microfilariae, males with more markedly unequal spicules and a relatively short infective larva as E. bartlettae n. sp. The female of this species is unknown. The identification of the infective larvae is provisional since it is based on the relative frequency of the two species. The infective larvae of Onchocercidae in birds which have been described as developing in Culicoides and simuliids (genera Splendidofilaria, Chandlerella and Eufilaria) and morphological similar but the caudal extremities of the first and third stages differ between the genera. PMID- 7224537 TI - [Ecology of the ceratopogonids of the Alsace plain. II. Spatial distribution of Culicoides larvae in a fluvial breeding-place (author's transl)]. AB - The conditions of larval life of Culicoides in a mud-bank near a river are studied. Pedological and physical characteristics are measured. The distribution of species in regard to the saturation rate is following: C. clastrieri : 45 to 100 % of saturation (max. : near 100 %), C odibilis : 85 to 100 % (max. : 97-99 %), C. cubitalis : 45 to 100 % (max. : 85 %), C musilator : 85 to 100 % (max. : 95 %), C. subfascipennis : 85 to 99 %, C. pumilus : 45 to 85 % (max. : 45 %). PMID- 7224538 TI - [First record in French Polynesia of an hepatic fluke of the domestic cat, Platynosomum fastosum Kossack, 1910 (author's transl)]. AB - The authors record, the first evidence of Platynosomum fastosum in a polynesian cat. This fluke has been previously encountered but was misdiagnosed a Dicrocoelium dendriticum. A finest observation of the morphological characteristics permit to distinguish on the both genera. PMID- 7224539 TI - [Lumbosacral spondylolisthesis in children. Surgical treatment and therapeutic indications]. PMID- 7224541 TI - [Role of radiologic tests in the diagnosis and surveillance of gluten intolerance in children]. PMID- 7224540 TI - [Progressive chronic encephalitis of rubella. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7224542 TI - [Dermatomyositis with predominantly atypical skin manifestations]. PMID- 7224543 TI - [Composition of erythrocyte phospholipids in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 7224544 TI - [Xeroradiography and telethermography of tumors in children]. PMID- 7224545 TI - [Chromosome 18 partial duplication-deficiency by recombination aneusomia in familial pericentric inversion]. PMID- 7224549 TI - [Angiographic aspects of the tetralogy of Fallot. Report of 100 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224547 TI - [A case of recurrent multifocal periostosis in an infant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224548 TI - [Congenital heart diseases in new-born: place of surgical management (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224546 TI - [Sex-linked mental retardation, peculiar face, macroorchidism, and weak zone on chromosome X]. PMID- 7224551 TI - [Pycnodysostosis and craniostenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224550 TI - [Spinal localization of brucellosis in children. Apropos of a new case]. PMID- 7224552 TI - [Neonatal pneumothorax manifested by posterior urethral valves. Apropos of 2 surviving cases]. PMID- 7224553 TI - [Hematoma of the adrenal gland in a newborn infant: diagnosis and surveillance by echography]. PMID- 7224554 TI - [Acute poisoning by camphor administered externally in an infant]. PMID- 7224555 TI - [Attempts to analyze causes of errors which delay diagnosis in pediatrics. Consequences for medical pedagogy]. PMID- 7224556 TI - [Treatment of hip dislocating dysplasia in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 7224557 TI - [Obstructive uropathies in normal-appearing neonates. Report of 20 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224559 TI - [Bazin's hydroa vacciniforme: photobiological and metabolic study in 3 cases, and discussion on etiopathogenicity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224558 TI - [Intestinal permeability to a fructose polymer in infants suffering from benign diarrhea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224560 TI - [Kaposi-Juliusberg's disease and atopic dermatitis. A clinical and immunopathologic approach. Apropos of 3 recent cases]. PMID- 7224563 TI - [Strabismus in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224564 TI - [Injuries of the epiphyses in child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224561 TI - [Aorto-pulmonary fistulae. Experience with 15 cases]. PMID- 7224562 TI - [Epispadias. Apropos of 108 cases]. PMID- 7224565 TI - [Indications and results of peroral jejunal biopsy in children with growth retardation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224567 TI - [Puberty and adult height in congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224568 TI - [The progeny of women with treated congenital hypothyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224566 TI - [Congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 -beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Study of 11 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224569 TI - [Structural abnormalities of Y chromosome: study of 13 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224570 TI - [Neonatal pneumothorax with posterior urethral valves]. PMID- 7224571 TI - [Metaphyseal and diaphyseal fractures in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224574 TI - [Pericarditis occurring in the course of meningococcal meningitis. Description of a case and review of literary data (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224573 TI - [Dosage of lactic acid in CSF during meningitis in children: an aid to differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224575 TI - [Perfusion by axillary approach in the child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224577 TI - Changing priorities. AB - In the context of today's mounting global problems the relative demand for medical, educational, and related social benefits that derive from the neurosciences is diminished. At the same time the human value spin-offs of brain research are thrust into a strategic position of top concern because of their key role as criteria or policy priorities and decision-making guidelines. Recent conceptual developments in the mind-brain sciences rejecting reductionism and mechanistic determinism on the one side, and dualisms on the other, clear the way for a rational approach to the theory and prescription of values and to natural fusion of science and religion. Science can be upheld as the best route to an increased understanding and report with the forces that made and move the universe and created man. The outlines of the value-belief system emerge that include an ultimate respect for nature and the evolving quality of the biosphere, which, if implemented, would set in motion the kind of social change needed to lead us out of the viscious spirals of increasing population, pollution, poverty, energy demands, etc. The strategic importance of neuroscience and the central role of prevailing concepts of the mind-brain relation to all of the foregoing remain evident throughout, as does also the direct relevance of efforts to bring added insight and substantiation of these mind-brain concepts through further advances in brain research. PMID- 7224572 TI - [Venous thrombosis, circulating anticoagulant and systemic lupus erythematosus. Two cases report in two identical HLA sisters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224576 TI - [Growth and development of the African child of Malian and Senegalese parents, born and living in Paris from birth to the second year of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224579 TI - [Echography in the study of the velo-pharyngeal sphincter]. PMID- 7224580 TI - [Reconstruction of the lower lid with a chondro-mucosal alar graft and an upper lid myocutaneous flap]. PMID- 7224581 TI - [Platysma: surgical importance]. PMID- 7224582 TI - [Short, intermediate and long-term results in cervical rhytidoplasty. Apropos of 86 cases]. PMID- 7224578 TI - [Anesthesia and resuscitation of children undergoing corrective surgery for craniofacial deformities]. PMID- 7224583 TI - [Z plasties for the treatment of bedsores in paraplegics]. PMID- 7224584 TI - [Plication of the antihelix]. PMID- 7224585 TI - The effect of socio-economic class, regional origin and other variables on marital mobility in Britain 1920-1960. AB - A survey carried out by the Population Investigation Committee in 1959-1960 provides nationwide data on the marital mobility of marriage cohorts from 1920 to 1960. These mobility data are analysed by socio-economic class, religious affiliation and regional origin. After adjustment for the influences of covariates, the most important factors affecting mobility were the socio-economic class of wife's father, husband and husband's father in that order. Significant variation in mobility also exists with respect to regional origin, but differences in mobility between the adherents of different religions were much less striking. An attempt is made to account for the working of these factors using other material from the P.I.C. survey and from other sources. PMID- 7224586 TI - Growth in a population of Tibetan origin at high altitude. AB - The report describes height, weight and triceps skinfold measurement for 239 individuals from 5 to 22 and 30 to 39 years of age living in the rural Tibetan village of Mugu, Nepal (altitude 3800m). It compares this population with a high altitude Andean Quechua population and another high-altitude Tibetan population. A delay in height and weight is manifested by the Mugu population. Mugu children are shorter and lighter than the high-altitude Quechua sample during childhood and the early teens, yet they eventually achieve similar adult heights and weights. Mugu males are shorter and lighter than another Tibetan male sample. The reasons for the contrasting growth patterns are not known precisely due to present lack of thorough nutritional, epidemiological and genetical studies from Mugu. PMID- 7224588 TI - Flash detection of anti-H-2 antibodies using chemiluminescence, without complement. AB - Within the first minute following their exposure to a specific anti-H-2 serum and in the absence of complement, murine spleen cells generate a chemiluminescence phenomenon which is precisely measurable by photometry in the presence of luminol. The reaction lasts approximately 10 to 20 minutes, it also generated by bone marrow and, although weakly, by peritoneal cells. In contrast, thymus cells remain totally unresponsive. The striking inhibition of the phenomenon in the presence of superoxide dismutase confirmed that it is indeed due to O2(-). This rapid, simple, inexpensive, extremely sensitive and reproducible technique offers the advantage of focusing on the histocompatibility antigens borne by monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes. Lastly, this O2(-) production triggered by anti-H-2 antibodies should be kept in mind when discussing the mechanism of vascular damage in allograft rejection. PMID- 7224591 TI - Galvanic vestibular tests in the assessment of coma and brain death. AB - Galvanic stimulation over the mastoid process elicits oculovestibular responses that provide a measure of brainstem function. The equipment is simple and is available in most neurodiagnostic laboratories. This type of test provides an advantage over caloric testing in the presence of external and middle ear disease and basal skull fracture and can be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of coma and brain death. PMID- 7224589 TI - Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials in the hereditary ataxias and spinal degenerations. AB - Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PRVEP) were evaluated in 24 patients from 18 separate families with various forms of hereditary ataxia and spinal degeneration. Abnormally delayed latencies were found in 3 of 5 patients with classic Friedreich's ataxia, 1 patient with dominant spastic paraparesis, and 1 patient with recessive dentatorubrospinal degeneration. Fifteen other patients with several different types of dominant and recessive hereditary ataxias had normal PRVEP latencies, including 1 patient with bilateral optic atrophy. Testing of PRVEP will be useful in the clinical delineation of the genetic ataxias and spinal degenerations, and, when interpreted with caution, should be an additional variable evaluated in the differentiation of these disorders from multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7224590 TI - The role of hydrostatic pressure in ischemic brain edema. AB - The mechanisms responsible for early prenecrotic ischemic brain edema were investigated in rats by comparing brain metabolism, tissue water (HOH) content, and sodium and potassium ion concentration in brain during ischemia induced by decapitation, by the Pulsinelli-Brierley technique, and by carotid embolization. Although brain metabolic functions were similarly disturbed in all three groups, an increase in brain HOH occurred only in the embolism model, which allowed collateral perfusion. Early ischemic brain edema is therefore dependent upon (1) impaired energy-dependent ion pumps and (2) a hydrostatic pressure gradient from patient vascular lumens. Elevated perfusion pressure increases the extent of this early edema. Induced hypertension causes impairment of blood-brain barrier function, as evidenced by extravasation of Evans blue dye 5 minutes after embolic ischemia, and strikingly increases the extent of macromolecular extravasation 4 hours after ictus. This increased protein leakage is accompanied by elevated HOH content and sodium concentration, as compared to findings in normotensive animals. It is concluded that the use of induced hypertension as a therapeutic modality in patients with acute stroke may be harmful. PMID- 7224592 TI - Spinal cord infarction secondary to intervertebral disc embolism. PMID- 7224587 TI - [Suppressive effect of synthetic polypeptide GT on the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to a complex GT + methylated bovine serum albumin (author's transl)]. AB - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the random copolymers poly(Glu50Tyr50) (GT) or poly(Glu60Ala30Tyr10) (GAT) could be produced in BALB/c mice when the polymers were injected complexed to a methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA). The pretreatment with GT or with mBSA 4 days before the immunisation with the complex GT-mBSA suppressed the induction of the DTH to both GT and mBSA moieties of the GT-mBSA complex. A similar pretreatment with GAT had no suppressor effect on the induction of DTH to GT-mBSA. Injection of cyclophosphamide 2 days before or 2 days after the pretreatment with GT eliminated the suppressor effect of GT on the induction of DTH with the complex GT-mBSA. PMID- 7224593 TI - Evidence for a "dying-back" gliopathy in demyelinating disease. AB - Recurrent demyelination was produced in mice by Cuprizone administration. During the second course of Cuprizone, the animals showed greater resistance to the toxin and demyelination occurred slowly and was complete only after prolonged periods. The earliest changes in oligodendrocytes occurred in the most distal processes, the inner cytoplasmic tongues, which showed degenerative changes 3 to 4 weeks before degeneration of the oligodendrocyte cell bodies or demyelination occurred. The results show for the first time that in demyelinating disease, a "dying-back" process similar to that described in axonal disease can affect the oligodendrocyte. PMID- 7224594 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked responses and palatal myoclonus. PMID- 7224595 TI - Low blood levels of phenobarbital due to poor gastrointestinal solubility of phenobarbital tablets. PMID- 7224596 TI - Bilateral mineral deposits in basal ganglia and cerebellum. PMID- 7224597 TI - Leukocyte and bacterial interrelationships in experimental meningitis. AB - Eighty-one rabbits were inoculated with known concentrations of type III pneumococci by cisternal puncture and then started on antibiotic therapy the following day. Aliquots of cerebrospinal fluid were sampled at regular intervals both before and after therapy and then analyzed for bacterial titer and leukocyte count. These data were used to examine the interrelationships of inoculum size, leukocyte count, and bacterial titer to each other and their effects both univariately and multivariately on outcome. Inoculum size was the most important single variable affecting outcome, followed in order by the pretherapeutic bacterial titer and leukocyte count. Higher leukocyte counts early in the course of the disease prior to therapy were associated with a favorable outcome. Continued leukocyte elevation after therapy was associated with a poor prognosis. No correlations were found between inoculum size and subsequent bacterial titers; however, the bacterial titer immediately prior to therapy correlated negatively with the level of the early white cell response. The best prognostic information was obtained from the multivariate analysis of inoculum size and pretherapeutic white cell response. PMID- 7224598 TI - The effect of thiamine deficiency on local cerebral glucose utilization. AB - Rats maintained on a thiamine-free diet for two to seven weeks and control animals were studied by the [14C]deoxyglucose technique prior to the development of histological lesions. This technique permits measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in discrete nuclei and tracts. Levels of thiamine in brain and blood were also determined. In the 41 central nervous system (CNS) structures in which it was measured, cerebral glucose utilization decreased with diminishing concentration of cerebral thiamine. Thus, the primary metabolic consequence of thiamine deficiency is a widespread reduction in cerebral glucose utilization. Furthermore, with decreasing cerebral thiamine concentrations, glucose utilization declined more rapidly in many of the structures which in humans develop histological lesions with prolonged thiamine deficiency than in structures less susceptible to the development of lesions. One determinant of the specific distribution of histological lesions occurring in human thiamine deficiency may be the variable rate at which the CNS structures lose their metabolic activity with continuing thiamine deficiency. PMID- 7224600 TI - Prognostic indicators in hemiparetic cerebral palsy. AB - In an attempt to define prognostic indicators of intelligence and seizures in the hemiparetic cerebral palsy population, birth histories, electroencephalograms, and computerized tomographic (CT) scans were reviewed in 52 children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Cases were excluded when the hemiparesis might have been related to events beyond the neonatal period, such as meningitis, trauma, focal seizures, tumor, or vascular insults. Detailed neurological histories and examinations were done in all patients. Intellectual evaluations, electroencephalograms, and CT scans were obtained. There was no significant relationship of birth history to subsequent seizure development or mental retardation. In contrast, findings in electroencephalograms and CT scans correlated well with the development of seizures and abnormal intelligence. Children who shared anatomical abnormalities of commissural pathways, association pathways, or cerebral cortex were found to have a much higher incidence of seizures and abnormal intelligence. PMID- 7224599 TI - Catecholamine-associated refractory hypertension following acute intracranial hemorrhage: control with propranolol. AB - Seven patients (4 with subarachnoid hemorrhage, 2 with intracerebral hemorrhage, and 1 with massive cerebral infarction) had acute arterial hypertension refractory to control by several antihypertensive drugs (hydralazine, sodium nitroprusside, alpha-methyldopa, and trimethaphan camsylate) used singly or in combination. In each case, catecholamine excretion--measured by urinary norepinephrine plus epinephrine--was markedly elevated, averaging 218 microgram/day. Patients without the acute refractory hypertension had normal or only slightly elevated urinary catecholamine levels (mean, 72 microgram/day). The beta-adrenergic blocking agent propranolol, in doses between 20 and 40 mg every 6 hours, successfully controlled blood pressure, while other agents failed. The intense sympathetic nervous system discharge resulting in acute refractory hypertension may be due to injury to the diencephalon or brainstem (or both) or to diffuse brain dysfunction from increased intracranial pressure or intracranial blood. PMID- 7224602 TI - Binaural interaction in brainstem potentials of human subjects. AB - Binaural interaction in the short-latency averaged auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) can be assessed from the binaural difference waveform (BD). The BD is derived by computing the difference between the AEP evoked by simultaneous clicks from both earphones and the sum of two other AEPs: one evoked by clicks from the right earphone alone and the other evoked by clicks from the left earphone alone. Once the contributions of acoustic cross talk and the middle ear reflex are eliminated, the BD can be considered to represent neural binaural interaction. This interaction begins after wave III and has its first major peak during the dowmslope of wave V. The more localizing value than the AEPs alone since the BD probably represents a subpopulation of generators of the AEPs, which show binaural interaction at the single cell level. PMID- 7224601 TI - Asterixis and encephalopathy following metrizamide myelography: investigations into possible mechanisms and review of the literature. AB - Marked asterixis occurred in two patients following metrizamide myelography. One also suffered generalized seizures and the other had severe stuttering speech for seven days. The spectrum of toxic manifestations of metrizamide is reviewed with emphasis on the unusual lethargy and other depressive effects seen with this relatively safe agent. The hypothesis that metrizamide exerts a ouabain-like effect on the cortical surface was tested. Metrizamide in concentrations as high as 20 mM had no inhibitory effect on rat cerebral K+-para-nitrophenylphosphatase, a partial reaction of (Na+K+)-adenosine triphosphatase. Because metrizamide is a 2-deoxyglucose analogue, a competitive inhibition of hexokinase at the first step in glycolysis was also postulated. Metrizamide was found to competitively inhibit commercial (microbial) hexokinase. The Michaelis constant for glucose rises from 0.13 to 0.25 to 0.33 to 0.91 mM in the presence of 0, 0.4, 1.0, and 2.0 mM metrizamide, respectively. Since the concentration of metrizamide over the cerebral cortex after routine myelography may be approximately 50 mM compared with a glucose concentration of only 3.6 mM (65 mg/dl), it is postulated that impaired brain glucose metabolism may be responsible for some of the toxic effects of metrizamide. PMID- 7224604 TI - Nerve cell fusion in a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Evidence indicating cell membrane fusion among cells and their processes where subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus is present is shown in an ultrastructural study of a brain biopsy. Virus budding from plasma membrane was not seen. These rare findings reinforce the hypothesis of cell-to-cell transmission as the most likely mechanism of SSPE virus infection. The presence of fused membranes between cell processes and cell soma probably explains the rapid spread of this virus throughout the nervous system. PMID- 7224606 TI - Ataxic hemiparesis from a midbrain mass. AB - A 10-year-old boy with leukemia developed ipsilateral corticospinal and cerebellar signs: the ataxic hemiparesis syndrome. Computed tomography revealed a mass lesion in the contralateral rostral midbrain. Previous reports of this syndrome placed the lesion in the basis pontis. The anatomical substrate of the ataxic hemiparesis syndrome includes the basis pontis, rostral midbrain, and possibly other areas within the central nervous system. PMID- 7224607 TI - Evoked responses in vitamin B12 deficiency. AB - Abnormalities of visual, brainstem auditory, and somatosensory evoked responses were demonstrated in two of seven individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency. The evoked response delays correlated directly with the degree of neurological dysfunction. Abnormalities were present in sensory systems without clinical evidence of involvement and were similar to those found in individuals with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7224603 TI - Alterations in creatine kinase in fresh muscle and cell cultures in Duchenne dystrophy. AB - Creatine kinase (CK) (total and isoenzymes) was measured in cultures obtained by dissociation and subsequent plating of cells from biopsied quadriceps muscle of 10 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and 20 controls. The total cellular CK and CK-MM reached highest values around 21 days in both DMD and control cultures, suggesting that DMD cultures do not show delayed myoblast fusion. There was a significant decrease of total cellular CK in DMD cultures at all stages, but the maximum differences were noted for the peak values. The CK isoenzyme pattern in DMD cultures demonstrated a higher percentage of CK-BB and CK-MB and a lower percentage of CK-MM than was observed in cultures from the controls. Addition of cytosine arabinoside after myoblast fusion to muscle cell cultures did not induce significant changes of CK isoenzyme pattern. There was no difference in the CK levels in culture medium from controls and DMD patients. The alterations of cellular CK were similar in fresh muscle and cell cultures from DMD patients. PMID- 7224609 TI - Chronic relapsing polyneuritis associated with pregnancy. PMID- 7224608 TI - Sustained upgaze in coma. AB - Coma with sustained upward gaze deviation followed cardiac arrest in 15 patients and prolonged systemic hypotension in 2 patients. Neuropathological examinations confirmed the expected diffuse cerebral and cerebellar damage with relative sparing of the brainstem. No focal lesions were found in the upper midbrain or pretectum. Six patients developed slow, downward-beating nystagmus as the forced upward gaze resolved. Four of 6 patients with posthypoxic facial myoclonic jerks demonstrated synchronous upward gaze movements. Forced upgaze in come usually is the result of severe hypoxic encephalopathy. While anatomical localization is obscure, this sign does not indicate a structural lesion in the pretectum or midbrain and may result from damage to cerebellar pathways. PMID- 7224610 TI - Diagnostic considerations in Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a recognized entity for which the basis for diagnosis is descriptive in our present state of knowledge. Diagnosis rests upon pattern recognition of the clinical picture plus other features including elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein level, electrophysiological changes of marked slowing of conduction velocities, prolonged distal latencies, dispersion of the evoked responses, and frequent evidence of conduction block, together with pathological changes, when known, of low grade-inflammation and demyelination remyelination in peripheral nerve. The precise diagnostic limits of GBS remain uncertain. PMID- 7224605 TI - Epilepsy complicated by sleep apnea. AB - A patient with a medically intractable seizure disorder was found to suffer sleep apnea as well. Treating the sleep apnea with permanent tracheostomy improved his generalized seizures. Although this combination of neurological disorders is probably rare, it should be considered if a suggestive history is obtained. PMID- 7224612 TI - Chronic relapsing (dysimmune) polyneuropathy: pathogenesis and treatment. AB - Chronic relapsing polyneuropathy is a distinct dysschwannian/demyelinating polyneuropathy characterized by usually slow onset, progressive or relapsing remitting course, elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein, marked slowing of nerve conduction velocity, segmental demyelination demonstrable in sural nerve biopsies, and absence of systemic illness or abnormal serum immunoglobulins. The cause of the disorder and the mechanisms underlying its chronicity and relapsing remitting course are not clear. Immunoglobulin deposition observed in sural nerve biopsies and abnormal immunoglobulin patterns in the "CSF in some cases suggest a dysimmune pathogenesis; thus the term chronic relapsing (dysimmune) polyneuropathy (CRDP) is preferred. The disease is a treatable form of idiopathic polyneuropathy. In our series of 25 patients with CRDP, treatment with high single-dose daily prednisone, slowly tapered to an alternate-day program, has been very successful in the majority. A low (10 to 20 mg) alternate-day-single dose program, maintained indefinitely, seems to be required to prevent future recurrences. Evidence is provided that other immunosuppressants (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, poly-ICLC) and possibly plasmapheresis, alone or in conjunction with corticosteroids, may have a beneficial role in controlling difficult cases of chronic relapsing polyneuropathy. PMID- 7224611 TI - Marek's disease: a natural model for the Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - The early lesions of Marek's disease in chickens are indistinguishable from those of the Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome in human beings. Because of these similarities, and since the etiological agent (a herpesvirus) is known, Marek's disease can be meaningfully exploited as a model of the Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome. Recent work in our laboratories has shown that the agent establishes latent infections in neuronal supporting cells and that affected birds mount cellular and humoral immunological reactions to peripheral nerve and myelin. Based on these findings, a working hypothesis for the pathogenesis of the disease is presented. PMID- 7224613 TI - Acute polyradiculitis (Guillain-Barre syndrome): an epidemiological study of 156 cases observed in Beijing. AB - One hundred fifty-six patients with acute polyradiculoneuritis (Guillain-Barre syndrome, GBS) were admitted to the Neurology Service of the Capital Hospital, Beijing, from 1949 through 1975. There were 105 male and 51 female patients ranging in age from 3 1/2 to 80 years, 118 (75.6%) being below 30 years. Sixty eight patients were inhabitants of the urban district while 88 were from rural areas. Cases of GBS were observed throughout the year, but 107 patients (68.6%) had their disease onset from July through October. As judged from the seasonal and district predilections in this series, enteric infections may be an important predisposing factor for cases with onset during the summer and fall, particularly in the countryside. PMID- 7224615 TI - A molecular approach to the diagnosis of virus infections. AB - Virus diseases are usually diagnosed by serological methods, provided specific antisera are available. With a "new" virus, however, knowledge of its physical and chemical properties is necessary before it can be assigned to one of the existing families. If a specimen contains sufficient virus, electron microscopy is the most valuable first test to apply because this often allows the agent to be placed immediately in a virus family. Further characterization can be achieved by measuring the stability of the virus in lipid solvents. With unenveloped viruses, the density in cesium chloride is a valuable diagnostic property. A more exact characterization can be made by examining the nucleic acid and protein of the virus. RNA viruses, for example, can be identified with great precision using base sequence homology and ribonuclease T1 mapping. Similar precision can be achieved with DNA viruses by the use of restriction endonucleases. Examination of the proteins of both RNA and DNA viruses also allows similar viruses to be distinguished. These methods have proved valuable in the epidemiology of those diseases for which serological methods did not allow the isolates to be identified with certainty. PMID- 7224614 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome: its epidemiology and associations with influenza vaccination. AB - The epidemiology of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and the associations of GBS with influenza vaccination are described based on review of three types of epidemiological data: case-control studies, incidence rate studies of GBS in well defined populations, and surveillance data from a sentinel neurologist surveillance system of GBS in the United States. These data indicate that the crude annual incidence rate of GBS per 100,000 people ranges from 0.6 to 1.9 in different populations in widely scattered areas of the world. In general, incidence rates are higher with advancing age until about 75 years, higher for men than women, and higher for whites than blacks. No specific HLA antigen has been significantly associated with GBS in general, although HLA AW 30 and AW 31 have been associated with chronic relapsing polyneuritis. Important trigger agents of GBS include nonspecific respiratory and gastrointestinal infections and cytomegalovirus infection. Influenza infection and influenza vaccinations are not generally important trigger agents. A major exception to this is the occurrence of just under 1 excess case of GBS per 100,000 A/New Jersey influenza vaccinations administered in the United States, 1976-1977. A significant excess risk of GBS was not observed after administration of influenza vaccine in 1978 1979 and 1979-1980. The differences between the contents of and immunological reaction to A/New Jersey influenza vaccine and the more recent influenza vaccines deserve further study. PMID- 7224616 TI - Pathology of the Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - The Guillain-Barre syndrome is a distinctive neuropathy characterized pathologically by the presence of inflammatory lesions which occur scattered throughout the peripheral nervous system. The lesions consist of circumscribed areas in which myelin is lost in the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages. Myelin damage of effected largely by macrophages, which penetrate the basement membrane around nerve fibers and strip what appears to be normal myelin away from the body of the Schwann cell and off the axon. While there is evidence that this activity is immune mediated, the precise mechanism that leads macrophages to seek out and amputate a specialized region of the Schwann cell plasma membrane remains unexplained. PMID- 7224617 TI - Immunological characterization of sural nerve biopsies from patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - Among eight sural nerve biopsies from patients with the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), demyelination was observed in five and endoneural mononuclear cell infiltrates in three. Receptors for the activated third component of complement (C3b) were detected within the nerve fascicles. The receptor activity was reduced in five biopsies, and in vivo deposition of C3 within the endoneurium occurred in four. Immunoglobulins were found in four biopsies and appeared to be localized along the myelin sheaths. Both T and B lymphocytes could be detected in the mononuclear cell infiltrates, but the relative proportions of these cells could not be determined. Macrophages present in two biopsies were found to possess IgG Fc receptors. The results indicate that the complement receptors may play a role in the binding of complement-containing complexes in the nerve during the GBS disease process. PMID- 7224618 TI - Experimental allergic neuritis induced by galactocerebroside. AB - Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN), an animal model of human demyelinative neuritis, was induced by sensitization with galactocerebroside, a glycolipid hapten common in central and peripheral nervous system myelin. Between two months and one year after the initial sensitization, 11 of 24 rabbits immunized repeatedly with bovine brain galactocerebroside (GC) in complete Freund's adjuvant developed a neurological disorder manifested by flaccid quadriparesis, limb hypesthesia, and respiratory paralysis. Seventeen of 20 autopsied rabbits, including all those with clinical illness, had small multiple perivascular foci of demyelinative lesions in roots, dorsal root ganglia, proximal peripheral nerves adjacent to ganglia, and, less frequently, in distal nerves. No change was found in the central nervous system. Demyelination started around venules, with splitting and vesiculation of the outer myelin sheaths of adjacent fibers, and later progressed to form confluent lesions. The lesions were associated with infiltration of phagocytic mononuclear cells, mostly macrophages, which insinuated themselves between myelin lamellae, phagocytized myelin, and subsequently denuded axons. Perivenular infiltration of small lymphocytes, comparable to that seen in whole nerve- induced EAN, was not encountered. The distribution of demyelinative lesions seems to correspond to areas known to have a defective blood-nerve barrier. PMID- 7224619 TI - Distribution of ribonucleic acid coliphages in animals. AB - To determine the distribution pattern of ribonucleic acid (RNA) coliphages (classified by serological groups I through IV) in animal sources, we isolated RNA phages from (i) feces samples from domestic animals (cows, pigs, horses, and fowls), some other animals in a zoological garden, and humans, (ii) the gastrointestinal contents of cows and pigs, and (iii) sewage samples from treatment plants in slaughter houses. These samples were then analyzed serologically. The concentration of RNA phages in the first and second kinds of material was fairly low (10 to 10(3) plaque-forming units per original phage sample), whereas that in the third kind of material was fairly high (10(3) to 10(5) plaque-forming units per original phage sample). Concerning the group types of the RNA phages in the first and second kinds of material, human feces contained RNA phages of groups II and III almost equally, the gastrointestinal contents of pigs included those of groups I and II equally, and the feces or gastrointestinal contents of other mammals other than humans and pigs had those of group I exclusively. In the third type of material we found mostly group I phages with a minor fraction of group II phages. Thus, the prominent features of the distribution pattern of RNA phages are the predominance of groups III and II in humans and the predominance of group I in animals. PMID- 7224620 TI - Inhibition of Babesia spp. by plastics. AB - Five commercially available plastic containers were compared with glass for toxicity toward Babesia rodhaini and Babesia bigemina. Comparisons were made by using infectivity tests in mice (B. rodhaini) and cattle (B. bigemina). Low density polypropylene and polystyrene containers were not toxic, but two of the three polyvinyl chloride containers tested significantly reduced the viability of both species of Babesia. Plasticizer present in various amounts on the surface of the toxic containers was most likely the inhibitory material. PMID- 7224621 TI - Formaldehyde degradation by catalytic oxidation. AB - Formaldehyde used for the disinfection of a laminar-flow biological safety cabinet was oxidatively degraded by using a catalyst. This technique reduced the formaldehyde concentration in the cabinet from about 5,000 to about 45 mg/m3 in 8 h. This technique should prove useful in other applications. PMID- 7224622 TI - Absence of sporidesmin production by twelve Texas isolates of Pithomyces spp. AB - Twelve isolates of Pithomyces spp. from Texas were tested for sporidesmin toxin production, using both high-performance and thin-layer chromatography techniques. None of the Texas isolates produced the toxin under the conditions used. A control toxigenic New Zealand isolate, Pithomyces chartarum strain C, was grown simultaneously under the conditions tested and was found to produce sporidesmin in all cases. PMID- 7224623 TI - Susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to three cooling tower microbicides. AB - Investigation of epidemic outbreaks of Legionnaires disease by Center for Disease Control personnel has resulted in the isolation of Legionella pneumophila from water in the air-conditioning cooling towers or evaporative condensers at the site of the outbreak. It is suspected that improperly maintained open, recirculating water systems may play a role in the growth and dissemination of this pathogen. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of three chemically different, commercially available, cooling tower microbicides against L. pneumophila. Using two in vitro test systems, a combination of N-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and bis (tri-n-butyltin) oxide was found to kill L. pneumophila at a concentration 25 times less than the minimum recommended use concentration, whereas N-alkyl 1,3-propanediamine and methylene bis (thiocyanate) were active at concentrations equal to or greater than the concentrations recommended for use by the manufacturer. PMID- 7224624 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica in raw goat's milk. AB - Biochemical and serological data are presented for 35 isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica from raw goat's milk produced in New South Wales, Australia. Strains resembled biotype I or 2, but the majority (25 of 35) fermented rhamnose and some showed other atypical reactions. PMID- 7224625 TI - Swine refusal factors elaborated by Fusarium strains and identified as trichothecenes. AB - Fusarium poae (Peck) Wollenw. NRRL 3287, F. nivale (Fr.) Ces. NRRL 3289, and F. moniliforme Sheldon NRRL 3197, each grown on cracked corn (13 days at 28 degrees C), produced refusal factors in pig bioassays. Substantial quantities of trichothecenes were detected in the refused corn: T-2 toxin (30 micrograms/g) was detected in corn fermented with the F. poae strain; the level of vomitoxin (1 microgram/g) in corn cultured with F. nivale did not account for the 48% refusal response in the pigs tested. The F. moniliforme concomitantly produced T-2 toxin (33 micrograms/g) and vomitoxin (1.5 micrograms/g). This strain's taxonomic position was reexamined, and it is shown to be a cultural variant of the species F. tricinctum (Cda.) Sacc. PMID- 7224626 TI - Factors affecting salmonellae repopulation in composted sludges. AB - The repopulation potential and recovery of Salmonella sp. and their close relatives Arizona spp. and Citrobacter spp. in sewage sludge which had been composted was examined. Salmonellae growth in previously composted sludge was found to occur in the mesophilic temperature range (20 to 40 degrees c), require a moisture content of greater than or equal to 20%, and require a carbon/nitrogen ratio in excess of 15:1. PMID- 7224627 TI - Distribution of viruses associated with particles in waste water. AB - The distribution of solids-associated viruses in wastewater was studied to determine the effect of treatment processes on viruses associated with solids. Solids less than 0.3 micrometers in diameter were separated from the liquid phase of each sample by using a continuous-flow centrifuge. The percentage of virus associated with solids larger than 0.3 micrometers decreased from 28% in the influent to 3.4% in unchlorinated effluent, and this was accompanied by a 92% decrease in the total concentration of virus. These results indicate that the original solids-associated virus as well as that is secondarily adsorbed to mixed liquor-suspended solids is lost during clarification. The total concentration of virus was reduced by 82% by chlorination, and the percentage of virus associated with solids increased to 7.7% upon chlorination, indicating some protection due to association with particles larger than 0.3 micrometers. When a suspension of fecal particles and a 0.22-micrometers filtrate of a fecal homogenate were sonicated, a threefold increase in virus titer was observed in each. This demonstrated that viruses may be attached to particles smaller than 0.22 micrometers. Thus, small viral aggregates or viruses attached to submicron particles represented the major portion of solids-associated virus in treated sewage. PMID- 7224629 TI - Effect of sunlight on survival of indicator bacteria in seawater. AB - The stability of the natural populations of fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci in raw sewage diluted 1:1,000 in seawater or phosphate-buffered water at 24 +/- 2 degrees C was markedly affected by the absence or presence of sunlight. In the absence of sunlight, these bacteria survived for days, whereas in the presence of sunlight 90% of the fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci were inactivated within 30 to 90 min and 60 to 180 min, respectively. The bactericidal effect of sunlight was shown to penetrate glass, translucent polyethylene, and at least 3.3 m of clear seawater, suggesting that the visible rather than the ultraviolet light spectrum of sunlight was primarily responsible for the observed bactericidal effect. However, these same sewage-borne bacteria were relatively resistant to the bactericidal effect of sunlight when diluted in fresh mountain stream waters. These results indicate that the presence of sunlight is a major factor controlling the survival of fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci in seawater. PMID- 7224630 TI - Superoxide dismutase activity during recovery of thermally stressed Staphylococcus aureus MF-31. AB - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined during the growth cycle of unheated and heat-injured cells of Staphylococcus aureus MF-31. SOd activity levels dropped in unheated cells during the lag phase, increased during logarithmic phase, and became constant in the stationary phase. Cells which were sublethally heated (52 degrees c, 20 min) in 100 mM phosphate buffer and subsequently allowed to recover in tryptic soy broth demonstrated an 85% decrease in SOD activity upon inoculation into recovery medium. As the injured cells repaired the heat-induced lesions and entered logarithmic growth, SOD levels rapidly increased. Heat-injured cells allowed to recover in tryptic soy broth plus 10% NaCl showed similar decreases in SOD activity levels. However, no subsequent increase was observed when specific activity was calculated based on milligrams of protein. PMID- 7224628 TI - Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in wild animals. AB - Yersinia species were isolated from 16 of 495 small wild animals and from 1 of 38 foxes. The animals were trapped in seven regions of Hokkaido, Japan. Of the 17 strains isolated, 9 were Yersinia enterocolitica O6; 2 were Y. enterocolitica O5A; 1 was Y. enterocolitica, O4; 1 was Y. enterocolitica O9; 1 was Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IVB; and 3 were sucrose-negative strains. Yersinia pestis was not isolated. The O6 organism was most prevalent in large red-back mice (Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae) and showed significant differences in its mode of distribution according to region. Incidence of the O6 organism in the ileum of the animal was threefold that in the cecum, and the organism was recovered at approximately 10(5) cells per g of cecal contents per c. rufocanus bedfordiae animal. PMID- 7224631 TI - Dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite in the bovine rumen: nitrous oxide production and effect of acetylene. AB - 15N tracer methods and gas chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector were used to investigate dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite by the rumen microbiota of a fistulated cow. Ammonium was the only 15N-labeled end product of quantitative significance. Only traces of nitrous oxide were detected as a product of nitrate reduction; but in experiments with nitrite, up to 0.3% of the added nitrogen accumulated as nitrous oxide, but it was not further reduced. Furthermore, when 13NO3- was incubated with rumen microbiota virtually no [13N]N2 was produced. Acetylene partially inhibited the reduction of nitrite to ammonium as well as the formation of nitrous oxide. It is suggested that in the rumen ecosystem nitrous oxide is a byproduct of dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium rather than a product of denitrification and that the latter process is absent from the rumen habitat. PMID- 7224633 TI - Isolation and characterization of thirteen intestinal microorganisms capable of 7 alpha-dehydroxylating bile acids. AB - Thirteen anaerobic bacteria capable of performing the 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of both cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were isolated from human feces and also from sewage. Ten organisms from heat-treated samples were species of Clostridium identical or closely related to the Clostridium bifermentans-C. sordellii group and consisted of four strains elaborating 7 alpha-dehydroxylase alone and six strains capable of catalyzing both 7 alpha-dehydrogenation and 7 alpha-dehydroxylation. The remaining three organisms, recovered from fresh human feces, were gram-positive, nonflagellated, nonsporeforming, anaerobic rods and comprised two distinct species. Strain HD-17, still unidentified, had both activities, but was unique in that it exclusively 7 alpha-dehydroxylated cholic acid while biotransforming chenodeoxycholic acid, preferably though 7 alpha dehydrogenation. Two unclassified strains, b-8 and c-25, metabolized both acids though 7 alpha-dehydroxylation and 7 alpha-dehydrogenation. Except for strains b 8 and c-25, all of th 7 alpha-dehydroxylating bacteria split the conjugated bile acid series, and hydrolases were detected in cell-free filtrates of early stationary-phase broth cultures. PMID- 7224632 TI - Lethal cold stress of Vibrio vulnificus in oysters. AB - Studies were conducted on the survival of Vibrio vulnificus, an estuarine human pathogen, in oyster homogenates held at 4 degrees C. Results indicated a rapid and dramatic decrease in viability not attributable to either cold shock or the oyster homogenate alone but to a combination of the two. Such a decline was not observed with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Chilled V. vulnificus cells were unable to repair themselves in brain heart infusion broth at 37 degrees C. V. vulnificus cells incubated on whole raw oysters at 0.5 degrees C also exhibited a decline in viability, but of a lesser degree. The effects of various plating media were also investigated. The data reported here suggest that oysters kept on ice are not likely to be a major factor in the epidemiology of V. vulnificus infection. It is further suggested that the standard method of homogenizing oysters for examining bacteriological quality should not be followed because toxic compounds are released from the oysters during this process. PMID- 7224634 TI - Sequestration of holotrich protozoa in the reticulo-rumen of cattle. AB - Studies were carried out to determine the means by which holotrich protozoa can maintain their numbers within the rumen against the washout effect associated with the flow of ingesta. When a diet composed of 2 kg of concentrate and 1.5 kg of rice straw was fed to Holstein cows, about a fourfold increase in holotrich numbers per ml of rumen fluid was observed within 1 h after the commencement of feeding, and an abrupt decrease followed. This fluctuation in numbers was not related to the time of feeding. A sole feeding of 2 kg of concentrate had almost the same effect on the holotrichs as a sole feeding of 1.5 kg of rice straw. Administration of either 2 kg of concentrate or 1.5 kg of rice straw through the rumen fistula caused similar changes, though the extent of response to the former was greater than that to the latter. The administration of either 0.7 kg of starch or 0.2 kg of glucose through the fistula had a relatively minor effect on the holotrich population. Addition of rice straw to 0.5 kg of concentrate increased the change in numbers, but its addition had little, if any, effect when 1 kg of concentrate was fed. These results suggested that the fluctuation in holotrich numbers was related not only to the nature or component of feed but also to other factors such as the quantity or volume of a diet and the act of ingesting feed. Increasing the number of feedings up to eight times per day at 3 h intervals caused a decrease in the peak heights of holotrich numbers per milliliter of rumen fluid. A thick protozoal mass which primarily consisted of holotrichs was found on the wall of the reticulum of Holstein steers slaughtered after overnight starvation. These findings suggest that holotrichs would usually sequester on the reticulum wall and migrate into the rumen only for a few hours after feeding, and that this mode of behavior would be essential for holotrichs to maintain their population within the rumen of cattle. Possible mechanisms of the migration are also discussed. PMID- 7224636 TI - Properties of Ca2+ uptake and release by golgi membrane vesicles from rat intestine. PMID- 7224635 TI - Syntrophic association of a butyrate-degrading bacterium and methanosarcina enriched from bovine rumen fluid. AB - An anaerobic butyrate-degrading bacterium, morphologically similar to Syntrophomonas wolfei, was isolated in coculture with Desulfovibrio strain G11 from an enrichment of bovine rumen fluid. A Methanosarcina species was the major H2-using organism in the enrichment. The results are discussed in relationship to the absence of Methanospirillum hungatei, the H2-using methanogen usually found in association with S. wolfei, and the finding of Methanosarcina rather than Methanobrevibacter ruminantium as the major H2-using bacterium in the enrichments. The finding of butyrate degraders in the rumen suggests that, if the retention time of the rumen contents becomes more prolonged, butyrate and longer chained fatty acids might be significantly degraded. PMID- 7224637 TI - Role of prostaglandin endoperoxides in the serum thiobarbituric acid reaction. PMID- 7224638 TI - Inhibition and inactivation of liver aldolases. PMID- 7224639 TI - Cytosolic factors which affect microsomal lipid peroxidation in lung and liver. PMID- 7224640 TI - Multiple forms of glucocorticosteroid receptors in the neural retina of chick embryo, revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7224641 TI - Effect of 1-aminoproline on methionine metabolism in rats. PMID- 7224642 TI - Different chain length specificities of peroxisomal and mitochondrial enoyl-CoA hydratases. PMID- 7224643 TI - Hemoglobin alpha-gene duplication in macaques: individual Macaca nemestrina with three structurally different alpha chains. PMID- 7224644 TI - Effect of hydroxynitrobenzylation of tryptophan-177 on reactivity of active site cysteine-25 in papain. PMID- 7224645 TI - Identification of the sites of albumin catabolism in the rat. PMID- 7224646 TI - Evidence for erythroid and nonerythroid forms of delta-aminolevulinate synthetase. PMID- 7224648 TI - Synthetic glycolipids: interaction with galactose-binding lectin and hepatic cells. PMID- 7224647 TI - Ubiquinone, nonheme iron, and flavins in the renal brush border plasma membranes. PMID- 7224649 TI - Nomenclature. January 1981. Nomenclature Committee of IUB. IUB--IUPAC Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature. PMID- 7224652 TI - Senile venous lakes. PMID- 7224650 TI - Treatment of chronic herpes infection with 5% idoxuridine. PMID- 7224651 TI - Clofazimine in the treatment of annular lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7224653 TI - Mode of inheritance in psoriasis. PMID- 7224654 TI - Photosensitization by coumarin derivatives. AB - Coumarin and several of its derivatives were investigated for their photosensitizing properties. With a few exceptions, the coumarins are potentially strong photocontact sensitizers but do not evoke phototoxic reactions. Substitution at the 6 or 7 positions of the benzopyrone ring confers photoallergenic capability, whereas hydrogenation abolishes activity. Photo-cross reactions among closely related derivatives can develop. The action spectrum for contact photodermatitis extends from 360 nm down to at least 300 nm. Data are presented to show that the photocontact allergic response is related to the ultraviolet A dose and to the concentration of the offending chemical. PMID- 7224655 TI - Failure of oral gastrointestinal dialysis as therapy for psoriasis. AB - Ten patients with chronic psoriasis were treated twice weekly with gastrointestinal dialysis in an attempt to clear psoriatic skin lesions with this method alone. In a fasting state in the morning, each patient drank from 3 to 6 L of an electrolyte solution containing 220 mmole/L of mannitol during three hours. The procedure was well tolerated, safe, and effective in causing copious diarrhea. However, after two months of therapy, these patients showed no substantial improvement in their psoriatic skin lesions. PMID- 7224656 TI - Cutaneous involvement in malignant histiocytosis. Case report and review of the literature. AB - Malignant histiocytosis (MH) is a rare, malignant neoplasm with protein manifestations, including fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and, infrequently, cutaneous lesions. A patient had initial manifestations that included fever and skin lesions. Skin lesions began on distal areas of the extremities and spread to involve proximal areas of the extremities and the abdomen. Erythematous maculopapular lesions, nodules, and plaques were present in various stages of development, which evolved into ulcerated plaques that exuded a serosanguineous discharge. Spontaneous healing of lesions occurred, leaving hyperpigmented, atrophic scars. Histologically, the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissues contained a diffuse infiltrate of histiocytes, lymphocytes, and mononuclear cells. Erythrophagocytosis by histiocytes was present in the skin biopsy material. Thirteen percent of 320 cases in the literature had skin involvement. This report and review of the literature indicate that, in selected cases, skin biopsy may contribute to the diagnosis of MH. PMID- 7224657 TI - The keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness (KID) syndrome. AB - We describe here a patient with ichthyosis, keratitis, deafness, and recalcitrant cutaneous bacterial and fungal infections, who was previously described as having hereditary hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Similarly affected patients described in the literature have the following features in common: (1) a distinctive ichthyosis characterized by a fine dry scale, follicular hyperkeratotic spines, and a reticulated pattern of hyperkeratosis on the palms and soles; (2) a vascularizing keratitis that results in notable visual impairment; and (3) neurosensory deafness. One half of the affected patients also display frequent, severe cutaneous infections. We suggest that the name "the KID syndrome" to emphasize the characteristic features of the syndrome-keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness. PMID- 7224658 TI - A case of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis successfully treated with miconazole. AB - An 81-year-old man with primary cutaneous cryptococcosis of the left forearm was treated with intravenous and oral miconazole nitrate. Culture for Cryptococcus became negative within three weeks. The ulcer healed within 25 days after treatment was started. Follow-up examination 1 1/2 years later showed no evidence of recurrent infection. PMID- 7224659 TI - Cutaneous alternariosis treated with miconazole. AB - A 40-year-old man had had a chronic, slowly spreading inflammatory process in the skin over the right knee of ten years' duration. Culture of a biopsy specimen grew Alternaria sp. Antimycotic susceptibility testing with flucytosine, amphotericin B, and miconazole nitrate was performed. The Alternaria was highly sensitive to the last two drugs. Miconazole nitrate, 1.2 g daily intravenously for 31 days, did not induce a clinical response. The lesions were then infiltrated with 10 mg of miconazole nitrate in 10 mL of polyethoxylated castor oil (Cremophor EL) twice weekly, with clearing of the lesions during a several month period. PMID- 7224660 TI - The Sturge-Weber syndrome. A patient with unusual features. PMID- 7224661 TI - Sebaceous carcinoma of the penis. PMID- 7224662 TI - An unusual case of preponderantly right-sided syringomas. PMID- 7224663 TI - Cutaneous amebiasis. PMID- 7224664 TI - Methotrexate reactivation of sunburn reaction. PMID- 7224665 TI - Annular pustular psoriasis. PMID- 7224666 TI - Sampling and analysis of airborne residues of paraquat in treated cotton field environments. AB - A method was developed for the analysis of paraquat residues in airborne particulate matter collected by filtration or impaction. The method is based on extraction of paraquat with 6N hydrochloric acid, transfer of residue to saturated ammonium bicarbonate solution, and reduction of the resulting residue with alkaline sodium borohydride to a mixture of two tertiary amines with subsequent determination by nitrogen-selective gas chromatography (GLC). Recoveries ranged from 74 to 96% for filters spiked at 0.05 microgram and above; the limit of detection is approximately 0.5 ng/m3 for high volume air samples. Paraquat concentrations measured in the air downwind from two commercial applications to cotton during spraying fell regularly from extrapolated interval average values of 4.31 and 10.7 microgram/m3 at the 1 m downwind edge of the two fields to less than 50 ng/m3 at approximately 400 m downwind. Downwind samples taken 2 to 4 hr after spraying contained 1 to 10% as much paraquat as those during spraying, and by 5 to 7 hr no paraquat was detectable in the downwind air. Paraquat was also found in the airborne particulate matter during mechanical harvesting of one of the fields, the maximum interval-average values being 1,245 and 516 ng/m3 just outside and inside an open cab, respectively. The analytical findings for paraquat are compared with those for S,S,S tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF), a component of the harvest aid mixture employed, and discussed in terms of occupational exposure, potential hazard, and recommended occupational practices. PMID- 7224667 TI - The effects of paraquat on neonatal rat lung: a histological and biochemical study. AB - The effects of paraquat on morphological, histological, and biochemical parameters in neonatal rat lung were studied. One-day-old rat pups were injected (IP) with 25 mg paraquat per kg body weight and sacrificed after 24 hr. At the end of the experimental period, the body weight in control and herbicide-treated animals slightly increased and decreased, respectively. The lung weight in the paraquat group was not significantly lower than those of the control. Histologically, the lungs from the paraquat group showed an increase in the thickness of the alveolar wall with much intra-alveolar infiltration of cells and cell debris. In the paraquat-treated group, while the total lung protein increased by about 18%, the enzyme phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity was reduced nearly 30%. These results indicate that paraquat induces both histological and biochemical changes in the neonatal rat lung. PMID- 7224668 TI - Lemna (duckweed) as an indicator of water pollution. I. The sensitivity of Lemna paucicostata to heavy metals. AB - The environmental conditions affecting the growth and multiplication of Lemna paucicostata in the presence of heavy metals were examined to establish a phytometer method for water pollution using the duckweed, Lemna. The pH of the medium, concentration, and composition of the nutrient in the medium, and the temperature at which cultures were maintained, were found to affect the sensitivity of Lemna to heavy metals. Therefore, if the growth and multiplication of Lemna is maintained by a Bonner-Devirian's medium (pH 6.1, 7.1) above 25 degrees C, heavy metals can be detected in water. PMID- 7224669 TI - Effects of prolonged exposure to dietary DDT and PCB on rat liver morphology. AB - Livers from mature female rats exposed for up to 36 weeks to dietary levels of Aroclor 1242 (75 or 150 ppm) and/or commercial grade DDT (75 to 150 ppm) were compared to those from animals receiving basal diets. In earlier studies, reproductive effects of the test substances were assessed. Moreover, the markedly abnormal gross appearance of the livers led to examination of the hepatic effects of PCB and DDT in more detail, at both the light microscope (LM) and electron microscope (EM) levels. Light microscopy revealed focal liver cell necrosis in rats fed PCB, DDT, and PCB-DDT combinations. Higher levels of PCB (150 ppm) increased the severity of necrosis. Feeding both DDT and PCB produced similar effects at 75 ppm, and caused atypical centrolobular regeneration, occasionally forming nodules, resembling small tumors. The experimentally induced injury was associated with the marked accumulation of iron-containing pigment in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Electron micrographs demonstrated the presence of whorl structures (myelin figures) within liver cell cytoplasm, and for the first time clearly illustrated the endocytotic expulsion of these membranous whorls from hepatocytes into the bile canaliculi and sinusoids. Other ultrastructural changes were similar to those previously reported in rats livers injured by several hepatotoxic substances. Mitochondria enclosed by or projecting into large non lipid vacuoles were present in several experimental groups. The electron micrographs provide the most convincing evidence to date to support the hypothesis that myelin figures may be the vehicle whereby the cells rids itself of specific hepatotoxic substances. PMID- 7224671 TI - Studies on the sorption of elemental mercury vapor by soils. AB - Mercury vapor sorption by soil increased curvilinearly with the increase of soil moisture content until a maximum was reached. A further increase of moisture content caused a decline in mercury sorption. The percent moisture contents which gave maximal increase of 203Hg vapor sorption in these soils coincide quite closely with their water-holding capacity values at 1/3 bar. Soil microorganisms may play a part in moist soil for the increase of elemental mercury vapor sorption and subsequent transformation to mercuric form. Mercury vapor diffused into both dry and moist soil columns and the diffusion profile can be described by an exponential function of the form, y = ae-bx, where "a" is the adsorption characteristics of the soil, "b" is the diffusivity coefficient and x is the depth of soil. The diffusivity coefficient for mercury vapor varied with the soil type and its moisture content. PMID- 7224670 TI - Toxicity of acephate and methamidophos to dark-eyed juncos. AB - The calculated, acute oral LD50 of acephate and methamidophos to dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) was 106 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg, respectively. Brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity in birds that died after acephate poisoning was depressed 80% below that of control birds. Birds that died of acute methamidophos poisoning had brain ChE depression of 60%. The birds killed by acephate had brain acephate residue concentrations greater than 2 mg/kg and methamidophos concentrations usually greater than 0.25 mg/kg. Eighty percent of the birds killed with methamidophos had brain methamidophos concentrations greater than 0.1 mg/kg. The five-day feeding LC50 for acephate was 1485 mg/kg. Brain ChE activities of birds which died early in the study were less depressed (51.5%) than those which died at a later date (69.6%). Brain residues of acephate and methamidophos were lower in these birds than in the birds of the acute oral LD50 studies. Brain ChE activity returned to normal within three days after the birds received a single sublethal dose of acephate. These studies indicate that the amount of acephate needed to produce the ChE depression found in other investigations in most dark eyed juncos exposed to forest applications of insecticide is about one-fifth of the LD50; however, in a few birds the ChE activity may be depressed to near lethal levels. PMID- 7224673 TI - Recovery of brain and plasma cholinesterase activities in ducklings exposed to organophosphorus pesticides. AB - Brain and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activities were determined for mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) exposed to dicrotophos and fenthion. Recovery rates of brain ChE did not differ between ducklings administered a single oral dose vs. a 2-week dietary dose of these organophosphates. Exposure to the organophosphates, followed by recovery of brain ChE, did not significantly affect the degree of brain ChE inhibition or the recovery of ChE activity at a subsequent exposure. Recovery of brain ChE activity followed the general model Y = a + b(logX) with rapid recovery to about 50% of normal, followed by a slower rate of recovery until normal ChE activity levels were attained. Fenthion and dicrotophos-inhibited brain ChE were only slightly reactivated in vitro by pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide, which suggested that spontaneous reactivation was not a primary method of recovery of ChE activity. Recovery of brain ChE activity can be modeled for interpretation of sublethal inhibition of brain ChE activities in wild birds following environmental applications of organophosphates. Plasma ChE activity is inferior to brain ChE activity for environmental monitoring, because of its rapid recovery and large degree of variation among individuals. PMID- 7224672 TI - Effect of environmental temperature on naphthalene metabolism by juvenile starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). AB - Juvenile starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) maintained at 4 degrees or 12 degrees C were forced-fed 3H-1-naphthalene. At 24 hr, after the initiation of exposure, significantly (p less than 0.05) higher concentrations (2 to 15 times) of naphthalene were present in tissues of starry flounder at 4 degrees C than those present in fish held at 12 degrees C. The influence of lowering of water temperature on naphthalene retention was even more marked after one week. At this time, muscle and liver of fish at 4 degrees C contained 26 and 34 times, respectively, more naphthalene than did muscle and liver of fish at 12 degrees C. Concentrations of total metabolites, in most tissues were not substantially higher at the lower temperature either 24 or 168 hr after the naphthalene exposure. Thin-layer chromatographic separation of the metabolites revealed that at 24 hr, 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (dihydrodiol) was the major component in liver (40 to 50% of extracted metabolites) and muscle (approximately 80% of extracted metabolites) regardless of the temperature. Bile contained, primarily conjugates (e.g., glucuronides), which yielded the dihydrodiol as the principal metabolite on enzymatic hydrolysis. From 24 to 168 hr, the concentrations of each metabolite class did not vary directly with the concentrations of total metabolites. Accordingly, at 168 hr, the ratio of total metabolite concentrations in liver of fish at 4 degrees C compared to 12 degrees C was 1.6, whereas the ratios for the dihydrodiol, sulfate/glucoside conjugates and glucuronide conjugates were 4.5, 0.6 and 3.8 respectively. Generally, lowered water temperature increased tissue concentrations of the parent hydrocarbon and its metabolites. However, the magnitude of the increase was dependent upon the compound, the tissue, and the time after the initiation of the exposure. The results emphasize the importance of determining concentrations of individual metabolites together with parent hydrocarbons in tissues of fish when assessing effects of environmental parameters on xenobiotic toxicity. PMID- 7224674 TI - The effects of a simulated refinery effluent and its components on the estuarine crustacean, Mysidopsis bahia. AB - The acute and chronic toxicities of a simulated refinery effluent and its components to Mysidopsis bahia were examined. The 96 hr LC50 for M. bahia was 4.7% of the Artificial Refinery Mixture (ARM). The mysid was more sensitive than an estuarine fish and grass shrimp, as well as 17 freshwater organisms previously tested. Fuel oil was the most toxic component of the ARM (96 hr LC50 0.73 mg/l) and contributed disproportionately to the toxicity of the mixture. Chronic exposure to 2.7% of the ARM formulation resulted in growth inhibition by day 8 and reproductive impairment. Long-term exposure to the 96 hr LC10 had deleterious effects on growth and/or reproduction for each component tested. PMID- 7224675 TI - The influence of organic chelators on the toxicity of copper to embryos of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. AB - The effects of copper on the development of Crassostrea gigas embryos were determined with a 48-hr static bioassay. In filtered, sterilized seawater from Bodega Bay, California, the LC100 was 20 microgram Cu/L, and the LC50 was 12 microgram Cu/L. Destruction of the naturally occurring dissolved organic material in the culture water by UV oxidation decreased embryo survival at 10 microgram Cu/L. The addition to seawater of five organic chelators (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium citrate, glycine, and oxalate at 1 x 10(-6) M, and humic matter at 2 mg/L) increased embryo survival. EDTA and humic matter were the most effective chelators; EDTA significantly increased survival at 100 microgram Cu/L and humic matter did so at 40 microgram Cu/L. The ability of a chelator to increase survival was related to the stability constant of the copper-chelator complex. PMID- 7224676 TI - Native and induced rat kidney metallothioneins and their relation to cadmium toxicity. AB - The concentrations of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, and phosphorus in the kidneys were determined for control female rats of five different ages (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks old). The concentration of copper increased with age and it was attributed to three metallothionein peaks on a SW 3000 column. Parenteral administration of Cd-thionein caused swelling of kidneys to different degrees, depending on the age of the rats; the youngest rats were affected most. The concentrations of cadmium and the six metals in the kidneys at 12 hr and 7 days after injection were determined and compared with controls. The distribution among protein fractions of cadmium, zinc, and copper, which are related to metallothionein, were examined by gel permeation chromatography. The elution profiles of the three metals changed not only with the ages of the rats but also with time after injection. The changes were correlated with the copper content in the metallothioneins and with swelling of the kidneys. The changes also correlated with native metallothionein levels. PMID- 7224677 TI - [Cancer of the upper ureter. Presentation of 28 cases]. AB - The authors present 28 cases of carcinoma of the superior urothelium treated in the Urology Department of the "La Fe" Hospital in Valencia. They present the course of diagnosis and the treatment applied. They discuss the advantages of radical treatment compared with conservation treatment. They present the results obtained. PMID- 7224678 TI - [Ectopic ureters]. AB - Ten cases are presented of ectopic openings of the ureter. The authors stress the embryological considerations concerning this congenital malformation as well as the clinical and radiological characteristics and the means of diagnosis applied in our patients. PMID- 7224679 TI - [Long-term results of uretero-ileoplasty with respect to renal function]. AB - The authors present the long-term results in the kidney functioning of 13 patients operated upon to replace the ureter with small intestine. There is an introduction containing a summary of the functions which the intestine must assume in the urinary circuit as a urine conductor. In the description of the results, they make a separate analysis of the factors in our statistics which have contributed to a worsening of the kidney functioning: reflux, stenosis, secondary subcervical stenosis, infections, lithiasis and hypertension. In view of the results, the authors end by justifying this surgery even in cases of extremely bad kidney functioning, particularly when one can expect an improvement in the functioning after the removal of the obstruction. PMID- 7224681 TI - [Excretory azoospermia: Young's syndrome]. AB - The authors present a case of excretory azoospermia, whose deferentovesiculography and surgical exploration of the epididymis were normal. The patient presented bronchio-estasis and sinusitis as a result of which he was diagnosed as suffering from Young's syndrome. The authors make a review of the current state of the problem stressing the differences between Young's syndrome and immobile cilia syndrome described by Eliasson and colls. PMID- 7224680 TI - [Mixed-nucleus renal calculi]. AB - We made a crystallographic analysis of 87 mixed-nucleus stones and found 4 groups of stones of this kind, which are as follow: urico-oxalic, oxalico-uric, phosphato-oxalic and oxalic-phosphatic. We did not find any mixed-nucleus, urico phosphatic or phosphatico-uric stones and we explain this fact according to the known lithogenic, metabolic mechanisms, in which urinary pH has an important function. PMID- 7224682 TI - A prospective study of the radiological changes in the cervical spine in early rheumatoid disease. AB - The cervical spine radiographs of 100 patients with early rheumatoid disease were studied annually, on a prospective basis, for a mean follow-up period of 7 years 2 months. Atlantoaxial subluxation developed in 12 patients. The subluxation was more frequent in females, more severe in patients with progressive, seropositive, erosive rheumatoid disease, and more marked in patients treated with oral corticosteroids. Subaxial subluxation, affecting upper cervical disc levels, occurred in a further 20 patients. Three patients developed vertical subluxation. The mobility of the cervical spine affects the degree of subluxation achieved, and when assessing serial films for subluxation it may be necessary to measure the cervical spine flexion before deciding whether subluxation has progressed or not. Over 80% of the patients with subluxation developed the first evidence of subluxation within 2 years of disease onset. Subluxation in the cervical spine is not, therefore, a late complication of rheumatoid disease. During the follow-up period none of the patients developed neurological signs. PMID- 7224683 TI - Cause and age at death in a prospective study of 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A series of 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), first seen in the early months of their disease, have now been followed up for 18 years, and 43 have died. Rheumatoid disease directly caused death in 9, and the disease or its treatment contributed to death in 7. These 16 patients were younger at onset and younger at death than the 27 in whom death was unrelated to RA. Of clinical features noted 1 year after the onset of RA a worse ARA grading and a worse functional capacity were already evident in those 16 patients. Conversely, the 57 still surviving had a better ARA grading and a better functional capacity after 1 year than those who died. The survivors were also significantly younger than the rest at the onset of RA. The death rate throughout the follow-up period was higher in the patients graded as 'classical' than those graded as 'definite' RA after 1 year of disease. PMID- 7224684 TI - Chronic sarcoid synovitis in the Caucasian: an arthroscopic and histological study. AB - Chronic synovitis is a rare complication of sarcoidosis, virtually confined to the black population. Synovial histology may be nonspecific or show typical sarcoid granulomata. We report 2 cases of chronic sarcoid synovitis in Caucasians. Histology showed typical granulomata in one patient, whose distinctive arthroscopic appearance is discussed. PMID- 7224685 TI - Deforming arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Of 45 patients in the McGill Lupus Registry 6 were found to have Jaccoud's deformities. One of these 6 and 4 others had fixed flexion contractures of the elbows. Those with Jaccoud's deformities were similar to the other patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in all respects except that those with Jaccoud's syndrome had had their disease and their arthritis significantly longer. It is concluded that Jaccoud's deformities are the result of longstanding arthritis and that elbow contractures occur via a different mechanism. PMID- 7224686 TI - Posterior subtalar joint synoviography and corticosteroid injection in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Ten posterior subtalar joints of 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 12 posterior subtalar joints of 6 cadavers were studied by contrast synoviography. In the rheumatoid group the abnormalities included posterior capsule distension, filling defects caused by hypertrophic synovitis, limited or irregular filling of the anterior recess of the joint in 5 out of 10, and communication with the ankle joint in 3 out of 10. None of the cadaveric joints showed posterior capsule distension or limited or irregular filling of the anterior recess of the joint, but communication with the ankle was present in 2 joints. The joints of the patients were injected with a 1:1 mixture of sodium iothalamate 70% (Conray 420) and triamcinolone hexacetonide (Lederspan) 20 mg/ml. All patients noticed a decrease in and an improvement in walking beginning 24-48 hours after the examination. Quantitative thermography was done immediately before and 1 after injection in 2 patients who showed an improvement in thermographic index. We conclude that hindfoot inflammatory pain arising from the posterior subtalar joint is caused by distension with hypertrophic synovitis which can be difficult to detect clinically. PMID- 7224687 TI - Traumatic synovitis in a classical guitarist: a study of joint laxity. AB - A classical guitarist performing for at least 5 hours each day developed a traumatic synovitis at the left wrist joint that was first erroneously considered to be rheumatoid arthritis. Comparison with members of the same guitar class suggested that unusual joint laxity of the fingers and wrist, probably inherited from the patient's father, was of more importance in the aetiology of the synovitis than a wide range of movement acquired by regular practice. Hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the left index finger, quantified by the hyperextensometer, was less marked in the guitarists than in 100 normal individuals. This may be attributed to greater muscular control of the fingers. Lateral instability in the loaded joint may be the most important factor in the aetiology of traumatic synovitis. PMID- 7224689 TI - Evidence for cell division in synoviocytes in acutely inflamed rabbit joints. AB - DNA synthesis has been measured both by Feulgen cytophotometry, quantified by the DNA synthesis index, and by tritiated thymidine autoradiography, quantified by the labelling index. In the early acute inflammation resulting from the intra articular challenge of ovalbumin in sensitised rabbits both indices rose considerably, so that at least 1 in 10 synoviocytes was heavily labelled 3 days after challenge. The results are compatible with the concept that even such apparently differentiated synoviocytes are capable of cell division. PMID- 7224688 TI - Role of polymorphs in inflammatory cartilage destruction in adjuvant arthritis of rats. AB - The inflammatory destruction of cartilage in rat adjuvant arthritis has been studied by histochemistry and autoradiography. Naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase has been used as a marker for polymorphs. The evidence presented here shows that polymorphs accumulate at the cartilage-pannus border and in areas of cartilage loss. These cells appear therefore to be of decisive importance for the destruction of cartilage. Proteoglycans were demonstrated by safranin-O staining: there is a loss of PG that is particularly prominent in zones where pannus had invaded cartilage. By means of 35S labelling of proteoglycans it was possible to show that pannus containing polymorphs can invade living cartilage. PMID- 7224690 TI - Olecranon nodules in a case of Behcet's disease. AB - A 33-year-old male with definite Behcet's disease had rheumatoid-like nodules at his elbows. This finding, we believe, represents another manifestation of vasculitis in Behcet's disease. PMID- 7224691 TI - Arthritis in beta thalassaemia trait: clinical and pathological features. AB - A 33-year-old white female of English descent with beta thalassaemia trait developed painful recurring bilateral knee effusion at age 15 years. Trauma was denied. Synovial analyses revealed noninflammatory effusions with normal complement, no inclusions, and no crystals. Knee x-rays normal at ages 18 and 26, showed mild osteoarthritic changes at age 33. Laboratory tests for other known causes of arthritis were repeatedly normal or negative. Bone densitometry was below normal. Light microscopy of the synovial membrane showed no significant abnormalities and no iron deposition. Electron microscopic findings included multilamination of vascular basement membranes and large amounts of thin fibrils surrounding many connective tissue cells. Treatment with salicylates did not prevent recurrence of effusions, and quadriceps strengthening and joint rest were moderately successful in relieving pain. Intra-articular corticosteroids on 2 occasions were not helpful. Whether her knee arthritis is purely secondary to the para-articular bone thinning from the chronic marrow expansion remains to be determined. PMID- 7224692 TI - Gold binding to red blood cells. PMID- 7224693 TI - Gout in haemoglobinopathies. PMID- 7224694 TI - Acquired antithrombin III deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7224695 TI - Going down the tube. PMID- 7224696 TI - Radionuclide angiography in evaluation of left ventricular function following aortic valve replacement. AB - Congestive heart failure in patients surviving aortic valve replacement has been associated with a high late mortality. To determine whether myocardial dysfunction in these patients occurred preoperatively, perioperatively, or during the early postoperative period, 19 consecutive patients undergoing aortic valve replacement using cardioplegia and hypothermia were studied by multiple-gated cardiac blood pool imaging. The resting ejection fractions for 8 patients with aortic stenosis did not show significant changes following operation. The 11 patients with aortic insufficiency has resting preoperative values of 58 +/- 15%, which fell to 38 +/- 18% immediately postoperatively (p less than 0.01), with the late values being 51 +/- 16%. Eight of 18 patients (44%) showed deterioration of regional wall motion immediately after operation, which persisted in 3 during the late evaluation. The occurrence of new perioperative regional wall motion abnormalities and persistent perioperative depression in left ventricular function in some patients suggest the need for further improvement in myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass for aortic valve replacement. PMID- 7224697 TI - Thoracoscopy for intrathoracic tumors. AB - The technique of thoracoscopy has been performed on 49 occasions in 45 patients for the diagnosis or staging of intrathoracic tumors. The patients ranged from 8 months to 68 years old. Eight procedures were performed for pleural disease, 16 for mediastinal masses, 22 for parenchymal lesions, and 3 for intrathoracic staging. Seventeen patients had had previous invasive procedures performed without a pathological diagnosis being established. In 28 thoracoscopy procedures, a positive diagnosis for malignancy was obtained; in 6 instances, areas of unsuspected tumor involvement were identified. A correct diagnosis was obtained by thoracoscopy in 45 procedures for a 92% overall accuracy rate. There was no clinically significant morbidity in this series and no procedure-related mortality. Thoracoscopy, performed under stellate ganglion block and regional anesthesia, has proved to be a very attractive method of diagnosing intrathoracic neoplasia with very low morbidity. PMID- 7224698 TI - An appraisal of blood salvage techniques in vascular and cardiac operations. AB - This study compares blood salvage and reinfusion with the use of homologous blood in three groups of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft replacement or other cardiac operation. In Group 1 (100 patients), homologous blood was used and no effort was made to salvage blood. In Group 2 (68 patients), blood was salvaged before and after bypass and mediastinal blood was salvaged for 24 hours postoperatively. In Group 3 (46 patients), blood was salvaged before and after bypass and postoperatively. The average patient in Groups 2 and 3 required approximately one-third the amount of whole blood and approximately one-fourth the amount of packed red blood cells (RBC) required by a Group 1 patient. The hospital stays, blood chemistry levels, and costs per patient were comparable for the three groups. RBC survival studies in Group 3 patients showed a mild decrease from normal values. This study shows that currently available equipment and techniques allow safe and practical blood salvage during cardiac and vascular operations. PMID- 7224699 TI - Operation for aortic arch anomalies. AB - Forty-two patients with aortic arch anomalies resulting in tracheoesophageal compression were treated during the period 1948 through 1978. These anomalies are important causes of upper respiratory and esophageal obstruction in babies and small children and can be corrected safely with excellent relief of symptoms. Nineteen patients (45%) had a right aortic arch with a ligamentum arteriosum, 17 patients (40%) had double aortic arches, and 6 patients (15%) had aberrant right subclavian arteries. Other associated congenital malformation and mental retardation were seen in 15 patients (36%). Diagnosis was accurately made in 38 patients (90%) by barium esophagogram. Basic surgical principles include exposure through a left thoracotomy, complete identification of the aortic arch anatomy, and division of the constricting ring. Surgical treatment resulted in 2 deaths (5%), and 1 patient died late. Early postoperative respiratory complications were common. All survivors were relieved of their symptoms late (median, 94 months) postoperatively. PMID- 7224700 TI - Repair of left atrial abnormalities in children by the superior approach. AB - We have used the superior approach through the dome of the left atrium to repair cardiac lesions in the left atrium in 15 children ranging from 3 months to 17 years old. The single hospital death occurred in a 16-month-old infant with levo (L) transposition of the great arteries, Ebstein's malformation of the left atrioventricular valve, and ventricular septal defect. Exposure of the intraatrial structures was excellent, injury to adjacent cardiac structures did not occur, and hemorrhage from the left atrial suture line was not a problem. Though a few transient arrhythmias were seen, all survivors are in sinus rhythm without evidence of sick sinus syndrome, except 1 patient in whom atrial flutter associated with cardiomyopathy developed 1 year after operation. The excellent surgical exposure obtained of the interior of the left atrium and the absence of important complications related to the incision cause us to recommend this approach in children. PMID- 7224701 TI - Heart valve replacement with the Hancock bioprosthesis: a 6-year review. AB - All patients who had a mitral or aortic Hancock valve replacement between June, 1974, and June, 1979, were reviewed. A total of 734 bioprostheses were implanted in 632 patients: 291 had mitral (MVR), 239 had aortic (AVR), and 102 had both mitral and aortic valve replacement (MVR + AVR). In 228 patients, an associated surgical procedure was necessary. It involved conservative valve operation in 205 of them. The hospital mortality was 9.6% (28) for MVR (11.5% with associated operation), 4.6% (11) for AVR (8.7% with associated operation), and 13.7% (14) for MVR + AVR (13.0% with associated operation). The follow-up period was between 1 and 6 years with a total follow-up of 934.6, 714.6, and 288.3 patient-years for MVR, AVR and MVR + AVR, respectively. The late mortality was 0.96% (9), 1.53% (11), and 2.08% (6) per patient-year for MVR, AVR, and MVR + AVR, respectively. The thromboembolic rate was 1.49%, 0.14%, and 2.08% per patient-year for MVR, AVR, and MVR + AVR, respectively. There were twelve valve failure (six wer due to rupture; four, thrombosis; one, insufficiency because of intrinsic failure; and one, stenosis without evident cause at reoperation). This represents a failure rate of 0.53%, 0.13%, and 2.08% per patient-year for MVR, AVR, and MVR + AVR, respectively. These results encourage us to continue our routine use of the glutaraldehyde xenografts as the safest valve substitute at present. PMID- 7224703 TI - Surgical treatment of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery associated with tetralogy of Fallot. AB - An 8-year-old boy with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery associated with tetralogy of Fallot, which was definitely diagnosed preoperatively, was operated on with success. Direct implantation of the left coronary artery into the aorta following division of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and, concomitantly, total repair for tetralogy of Fallot using an external valved conduit were performed. Postoperative cineangiogram revealed a hemodynamically well-repaired intracardiac condition and anterograde filling of the left coronary artery, compared with retrograde left coronary flow from intercoronary collateral vessels preoperatively. To the best of our knowledge, there is not a previously published report of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery associated with tetralogy of Fallot that was treated surgically with success. PMID- 7224702 TI - Regional myocardial protection during aortic cross-lamp ischemia in dogs: calcium containing crystalloid solutions. AB - To study the effects of calcium in cardioplegic solutions, an in situ dog heart model was used that allowed infusion of two different cardioplegic solutions into separate regions of the same heart. Two concentrations of ionized calcium, 1.0 mM and 0.5 mM, in a cold, potassium-containing solution were tested in two groups of dogs and compared with the same cold, potassium-containing solution but without the calcium, during 100 minutes of global myocardial ischemia induced by aortic clamping. Results were evaluated in terms of percent change of regional systolic shortening measured with ultrasonic piezoelectric crystals, percent change of regional myocardial blood flow, and change of regional left ventricular myocardial diastolic distensibility. No significant differences were found between myocardial regions protected with calcium of either concentration and regions protected with calcium of either concentration and regions protected without calcium. This study could demonstrate no beneficial or adverse effects of including calcium in this type of crystalloid cardioplegic solution applied to an in situ dog heart model. PMID- 7224704 TI - Parasternal intrapleural colon interposition: an alternative pathway for the colon graft. AB - A new pathway for the placement of the interposed colon in esophagocolonoplasty is described. In a patient with a peptic stricture and a history of previous coronary artery bypass operation and multiple thoracotomies, the interposed colon was placed in the parasternal right intrapleural space successfully. This avoided a thoracotomy as well as the areas of adhesion. Technical details are described. PMID- 7224705 TI - Simple method for teaching coronary artery surgery. PMID- 7224706 TI - Bioavailability of propranolol in the dog. AB - The pharmacokinetics of propranolol in a fasted dog was examined following single oral, intraportal and intravenous doses. Extensive tissue uptake of propranolol occurred after intravenous dosing, the overall distribution volume was 11 liters/kg. Biological half-life was 1.5 hr, but was prolonged after oral and intraportal drug administration. Following oral doses, the absorption efficiency of propranolol as unchanged drug was 71%, while first-pass metabolism accounted for a further loss of 62% prior to its reaching the systemic circulation. Accordingly, the overall oral bioavailability was 27%. PMID- 7224707 TI - Interaction of cinepazide with adenosine on guinea-pig atria. AB - The negative inotropic effects of adenosine and adenine nucleotides, such as ATP and cAMP, on guinea-pig atria were selectively and dose-dependently augmented by cinepazide in concentrations insufficient to produce any effect alone (3 X 10(-5) M-3 X 10(-4)M). Adenosine (10(-5) M, 10 microCi) was degraded to inosine and hypoxanthine during incubation with atrial tissue. Cinepazide (3 X 10(-4) M) retarded the degradation of adenosine, and the formation of inosine and hypoxanthine. Incubation of the atrial tissue with adenosine (8.1 X 10(-9) M, 0.1 microCi) resulted in accumulation of 3H-activity. Cinepazide (3 X 10(-5) M-3 X 10(-4) M) inhibited this accumulation. These results suggest that cinepazide potentiates the negative inotropic effect of adenosine on guinea-pig atria by preventing both its degradation by deaminase and its accumulation by atrial tissue. PMID- 7224708 TI - The simultaneous infusion of drugs via the left and right vertebral artery of the cat; a modified animal model for the study of possible central actions of drugs upon the lower brain stem. AB - The development of a modified animal model for the administration of drugs via the vertebral arteries (v.a) of the cat is the subject of the present study. It has been demonstrated that drugs infused via the left v.a. (the "classical" model) accumulate mainly within the left part of the medulla oblongata and pons. This unilateral, leftsided distribution is different from that after intravenous application, since equal drug concentrations are measured at both sides after peripheral administration. Moreover, the results demonstrate that equihypotensive doses of the depressor agent isoarecaidine propyl ester (IAPE) infused either i.v. or via the left v.a. give rise to much higher drug concentrations in the lower brain stem when the latter route of administration is applied. This discrepancy is attributed to the unsymmetrical distribution pattern within the pontomedullary region when the drug is administered via the left and right v.a. Therefore drugs were simultaneously infused via the left and right v.a. Then the aforementioned discrepancy is not observed. Moreover, drug concentrations in the left and right sides are of the same order of magnitude and correspond with those obtained after the equihypotensive dose given i.v. Bilateral infusion of clonidine, arecoline and IAPE into the v.a. results in a significant increase in potency when compared with the administration via the left v.a. Conclusively, the modified vertebral artery model can be considered to be a more appropriate method to test possible central actions of drugs upon the pontomedullary region. The presented administration technique imitates the i.v. route with respect to drug concentrations in this brain region and the corresponding pharmacological effects. However, the dose to be administered is only a fraction of i.v. dose. PMID- 7224710 TI - Electrocorticographic activity elicited by metrazol during ontogenesis in rats. AB - Electrocorticographic changes induced by intraperitoneal injections of metrazol were studied in 72 male rats aged from 4 to 29 days. The initial paroxysmal signs varied according to age; 4- to 7-day-old rats: discharges of waves in the alpha and theta range; 11- to 20-day-old rats: spikes in the frontal area; rats aged 24 days and more: theta waves discharges (of about 5Hz) in the occipital area, i.e. a typical mature reaction. In 4- and 5-day-old rats, generalized seizures were manifested as slow waves only. A shift towards fast frequencies was observed during further development; a substantial part of this shift took place before the 14th day. After this age, bilateral synchrony of long-lasting seizure discharges was also present. PMID- 7224709 TI - Role of adrenergic blocking agents and glucocorticoids on the regulation of pituitary opioid peptides levels. AB - Pituitary opioid peptides levels, measured by guinea-pig ileum bioassay, have been evaluated in rats given single intracerebroventricular injections of alpha methyl-p-tyrosine (4 mg/rat) or phentolamine (40 microgram/kg). Phentolamine produces an immediate rise in corticosteroid levels and an increase in pituitary endorphin content after 20 min. alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine does not affect the pituitary endorphin levels, even if its effectiveness as a stressing agent is demonstrated by serum corticosterone increase and by reduced hypothalamic norepinephrine concentration. Repeated steroid treatment results in a decrease of serum corticosterone levels and of pituitary opioid activity. Such a decrease is mainly due to the reduction of beta-endorphin content, as shown by gel filtration analysis of pituitary extracts. It is suggested that the pituitary endorphin system, like ACTH, is under negative direct or indirect regulatory control of glucocorticoids. The adrenergic inhibitory tonus on pituitary opioid peptides, however, requires further confirmation. PMID- 7224711 TI - Respiratory depression produced by diazepam in cats: effect of anaesthesia. AB - Diazepam (Valium, Roche; 0.37 mg/kg was given by slow injection into the left femoral vein and flushed in with 0.9 % saline. Within 3 min following the i.v. injection of diazepam spontaneous respiration ceased in rats anaesthetized with chloralose; mean arterial pressure fell from a control level of 99.4 (+/- 28.3) mmHg to 32.5 (+/- 13.44) mmHg. If artificial ventilation was initiated immediately upon cessation of respiration, the animal recovered. Cats anesthetized with ketamine (Ketaset, Roger; 44 mg/kg i.m.) showed no respiratory depression following i.v. diazepam injection. PMID- 7224712 TI - A quantitative analgesic assay in the rabbit based on the response to tooth pulp stimulation. AB - A DC ramp voltage was used to stimulate rabbit tooth pulps. Thresholds to elicit chewing movements were extremely stable in the absence of drug treatment. Using cumulative dosing of analgesic drugs, potency and efficacy measurements could be readily obtained. Narcotic analgesics were the most effective analgesics on this test, followed by two centrally acting non-narcotics (nefopam and baclofen). Antipyretic/anti-inflammatory analgesics and centrally acting non-analgesic drugs elevated thresholds by lesser amounts or were inactive. It is concluded that the rabbit tooth pulp assay is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of analgesic activity. PMID- 7224713 TI - Effect of papaverine on pancreatic exocrine secretion in the dog. AB - The effect of papaverine on the secretion of pancreatic juice in the dog was investigated in preparations of isolated, blood-perfused pancreas. Small doses of papaverine (1-30 microgram) injected intra-arterially did not induce any secretory action. Relatively large doses of papaverine (0.1-1 mg) caused dose dependent increases in the secretion of pancreatic juice after a delay of a few minutes. The secretory activity of 1 mg of papaverine was approximately equal to that of 0.06 units of secretin. The concentration of bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice induced by papaverine was increased. However, protein concentration was increased slightly. This effect is analogous to that of secretin. Papaverine-induced secretion was not modified by pretreatment with phentolamine, propranolol, atropine, guanethidine and haloperidol. On the other hand, papaverine significantly potentiated the secretion of pancreatic juice induced by secretin. From these results, it is concluded that large doses of papaverine may produce an increase in pancreatic secretion mediated through the increase of intracellular cyclic AMP concentration. PMID- 7224714 TI - Effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors on clonidine-induced diuresis in rats. AB - Clonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive drug that also has marked renal effects. The role of renal prostaglandins in clonidine-induced diuresis was examined in anesthetized and conscious rats. Twelve surgically prepared rats were pretreated with either of two inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin or meclofenamate (2 mg/kg), while thirteen rats served as controls. Clonidine (200 micrograms/kg/hr, i. v.) increased urine flow tenfold in both pretreated and nonpretreated controls whereas blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate were reduced by clonidine. Fractional excretions of sodium, potassium, total solute and water were enhanced similarly in these two groups of anesthetized rats. Experiments were also conducted in ten conscious rats pretreated with vehicle, indomethacin (2.0 and 7.5 mg/kg), or meclofenamate (2 mg/kg) prior to clonidine infusion. Marked diuresis occurred whether these rats were pretreated with vehicle or one of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Thus, NSAID did not prevent the renal excretory response to clonidine in either anesthetized or conscious rats, suggesting that enhanced prostaglandin synthesis is not an essential component of the diuretic action of this drug in rats. PMID- 7224715 TI - Biphasic actions of chlorpromazine and mepacrine on modulation of hepatic cell injury in the perfused cat liver. AB - The effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and mepacrine on hypoxic liver cell damage was studied using an isolated perfused cat liver preparation. High concentrations of CPZ (10(-4) M) significantly augmented the hypoxic leakage of the lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin D, and the cytoplasmic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the perfusate. The per cent free cathepsin D activity of hepatic tissue was significantly higher in the 10(-4) M CPZ treated groups (87%) than in the vehicle group (65%). CPZ at a concentration of 10(-6) M also possessed a detrimental effect on hypoxic liver integrity but to a lesser extent compared to 10(-4) M. In contrast, low concentrations of CPZ (10(-7) M) showed a protective effect during hypoxia (i.e., significantly lower perfusate cathepsin D activity and per cent free cathepsin D activity) compared to livers receiving only the vehicle. Mepacrine, another phospholipase A2 inhibitor, showed no significant effect on hypoxic liver damage at concentration of 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-5) M. CPZ has a biphasic action on liver integrity during hypoxia, low concentrations being protective and high concentrations are deleterious. Mepacrine had no significant effect in the hypoxic liver. PMID- 7224716 TI - Effects of Ro 11-2465, a new psychotropic agent on the uptake of serotonin by human platelets--in vitro determination of the IC50. AB - The influence of Ro 11-2465, a new psychotropic agent, on the in vitro uptake of 3H-serotonin into human blood platelets was studied and compared with that of clomipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline. These compounds inhibited the uptake of serotonin in a dose-dependent manner. Ro 11-2465 was found to be six times more potent than clomipramine and 14 times more potent than imipramine in its ability to inhibit serotonin uptake. IC50 value determined for Ro 11-2465 was 7 x 10(-10) M. The results indicate the potential ability of Ro 11-2465 to interfere with the human serotoninergic mechanism. PMID- 7224717 TI - Influence of hyperprolactinemia induced by adenopituitary transplantation under the kidney capsule on the glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in various brain regions. AB - Glutamic acid decarboxylase activity was assayed in rat substantia nigra, corpus striatum, medial basal hypothalamus and cerebellum under conditions of hyperprolactinemia induced by transplantation of adenopituitary under the kidney capsule. The results indicate that hyperprolactinemia induces a slight increase in the glutamic acid decarboxylase activity of substantia nigra and medial basal hypothalamus and a more evident increase at striatal level. No change was observed in the cerebellum. PMID- 7224718 TI - Effects of 3-sulfamoylmethyl-1,2-benzisoxazole (AD-810) and some antiepileptics on the kindled seizures in the neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala in rats. AB - Effect of 3-sulfamoylmethyl-1,2-benzisoxazole (AD-810) on kindled seizures in the neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala was studied in comparison with that of clinically proved antiepileptics, and the differences in kindled seizure development in the three areas were also studied. The amygdala more rapidly developed a generalized seizure (kindled seizure) than the hippocampus and the neocortex. Although more days of stimulation were needed, the neocortex also developed a kindled seizure similar to limbic kindled seizures. Phenobarbital, carbamazepine, dipropylacetate and diazepam showed a depressant effect on the neocortical kindled seizures. Phenytoin showed a depressant effect only when it was administered intravenously. Phenobarbital and carbamazepine depressed the hippocampal kindled seizures, while phenytoin and diazepam had little effect. Phenobarbital and diazepam caused marked depression on the amygdaloid kindled seizures, but the effect of phenytoin, carbamazepine and dipropylacetate on them was weak or negligible. AD-810 showed a depressant effect on neocortical and hippocampal kindled seizures, but not on amygdaloid ones. The profile of AD-810 is similar to that seen with carbamazepine. PMID- 7224719 TI - Caerulein delays gastric emptying of solids in man. AB - Intravenous administration of caerulein (40 ng/kg) delayed gastric emptying of solids in man. Radiological examinations demonstrated that the peptide causes a marked contraction of the pyloric sphincter and a relaxation of the gastric corpus and fundus. Therefore the effect of caerulein on gastric emptying may be considered as the result of different actions on the distal and proximal stomach. Furthermore pretreatment of the subjects with cimetidine did not modify the effect of caerulein indicating an action independent of the gastric hypersecretory effect of the peptide. The action of caerulein on gastric emptying must be kept in mind when the peptide is employed in the treatment of some pathological conditions. PMID- 7224720 TI - Pharmacokinetics of etomidate in surgical patients. AB - Eight adult surgical patients received a single i.v. injection of etomidate-base (mean 0.22 mg.kg(-1)). Venous blood samples were drawn at frequent intervals for up to 10 hr following drug administration. Plasma concentrations of etomidate were measured with a newly developed capillary gas chromatographic method. Plasma concentrations fitted best to an open three compartment pharmacokinetic model by a non-linear regression computer programme. The following mean parameters were computed: distribution half-life 2.8 + or - 2.3 min, half-life of the alpha phase: 22.3 +or - 10.4 min and half-life of the beta-phase 208.8 + or - 64.9 min, distribution volume 3.68 + or - 0.66 l.kg(-1) (Vd area) and 2.16 l.kg(-1) (Vdss) and plasma clearance 879 + or - 135 ml.min(-1). High tissue uptake is indicated by the rapidity and the large volume of distribution. Etomidate is rapidly redistributed from the central to peripheral compartments and rapidly eliminated by metabolism. PMID- 7224721 TI - Interactions of narcotics an their antagonists with human serum esterase. IX: structure-activity relationships of morphinans and morphines. AB - The interaction of 21 morphinan and 25 morphine derivatives with human serum esterase was examined. The behavior of these drugs closely parallels that of their simpler analogues, benzomorphans, studied previously: all have affinity for an allosteric modifying site at which agonists accelerate enzyme action and, except for 6-ketodihydromorphines, all are also competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. The results suggest that both ring C of morphinans and morphines and the furan ring of morphines contribute to binding to the allosteric site; so does increase in the size of the N-alkyl group, but alkylation at C-6 or C-7 is unfavorable for such binding. A hydroxyl group at C-6 or C-14, or a methoxyl group at C-3 are also unfavorable. As with benzomorphans, we found that the natural (--)-morphine configuration is more sensitive than its optical antipode to structural influences on its affinity for the allosteric site. PMID- 7224722 TI - Clonidine-induced lipolysis in dog adipocytes by stimulation of histamine (H2) receptors. AB - The effect of the alpha-adrenergic agonist clonidine on lipolysis was investigated in omental dog fat cells. In presence of theophylline, clonidine markedly enhanced lipolysis. This effect was competitively inhibited by the (H2) receptor blocking agent cimetidine while the H1-histamine receptor antagonist (mepyramine) was without any significant effect. This result suggests that clonidine stimulates dog adipocyte lipolysis through histamine (H2)-receptor activation. Histamine and clonidine stimulated dog fat cell adenylate cyclase; the stimulation was suppressed by cimetidine. PMID- 7224723 TI - Relaxation of guinea-pig stomach by bradykinin. AB - Intraluminal pressure changes were recorded from guinea-pig stomachs in vitro. Bradykinin (Bk) (0.4-9.6 nM) was generally found to produce a biphasic response (relaxation followed by contraction) in bathing solutions containing 1.1 mM calcium chloride. In bathing solutions containing 5.2 mM calcium chloride a relaxation without contraction was the most common observation. Relaxations to Bk were unaffected by selective concentrations of tetrodotoxin (5.6 microM), phentolamine (5.0-50.0 microM) and propranolol (5.0-50.0 microM). During virtually complete desensitization to Bk produced by 3 cumulative doses of 6.4 nM, relaxations to vagal stimulation were only reduced by 24.2% and those to adrenaline (2.0 microM) by 25.9%, indicating that Bk is unlikely to be the inhibitory transmitter released during vagal stimulation. Relaxations to ATP (10 microM) were reduced by 89.4% suggesting that Bk and ATP share a common step in the production of relaxation. PMID- 7224724 TI - Cardiovascular effects of cimetidine. PMID- 7224725 TI - Vasodilating effect of flunarizine in anesthetized dogs. AB - The effect of flunarizine on the peripheral vascular beds of anesthetized dogs was investigated and compared with those of cinnarizine and papaverine. Flunarizine, cinnarizine and papaverine generally caused hypotension, tachycardia and vasodilation, although bradycardia preceded by tachycardia was observed after the high doses of flunarizine and cinnarizine. There was no significant difference between the changes in vertebral, hindquarter and mesenteric vascular resistances induced by flunarizine and cinnarizine, while the duration of the vasodilating effect of flunarizine was longer than that of cinnarizine especially in the vertebral vascular bed. Furthermore, the duration of the effect of flunarizine on the vertebral vascular bed was significantly longer than that on the mesenteric vascular bed. PMID- 7224726 TI - Effects of calcitonin-induced hypocalcemia on the neuromuscular and cardiovascular depressive actions of kanamycin in anesthetized and conscious rats. AB - It was examined whether calcitonin (CT)-induced hypocalcemia could modify the pharmacological actions of kanamycin sulfate (KM). CT produced a dose dependent and long-lasting hypocalcemia in urethane anesthetized and conscious rats. In anesthetized rats, KM infusion depressed the indirectly elicited contractions of the tibialis anterior muscle (MC), mean arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate. CT did not influence the stability of the above parameters and slightly modified the neuromuscular depression of KM. In conscious rats, KM infusion produced spontaneous and complete head drop, loss of corneal reflex, respiratory arrest and also depressed AP and HR. Much higher doses of KM were required to induce the same pharmacological actions in conscious than in anesthetized rats. CT dose-dependently potentiated the pharmacological actions of KM. A highly significant linear correlation between the serum total calcium levels and the KM dose inducing spontaneous head drop was observed. These data indicate that, in conscious rats, the actions of KM are dependent on the serum calcium levels. In the same experimental conditions, neither CT-induced hypocalcemia nor anesthesia did modify significantly the pharmacological actions of d-tubocurarine. PMID- 7224727 TI - The mechanism for the renal hemodynamic and tubular action of furosemide. AB - The mechanism for the renal hemodynamic and tubular action of furosemide (F) was investigated in nine anesthetized dogs. F was administered intrarenally at 50 micrograms/ml/min in isotonic saline with and without the addition of indomethacin (I) at 36 micrograms/ml/min and PGE1 at 2 micrograms/ml/min in isotonic saline. F increased the ERPF, RBF, UV, Cosm, CH20, UNaV and UKV from the experimental kidney and UV, Cosm, CH20, UNaV and UKV from the control kidney. It decreased the RVR of the experimental kidney and had no effect on GFR and MAP. I administration alone produced effects opposite to those of F. The addition of F to I reversed the renal hemodynamic effects of I but partly its tubular effects. The addition of PGE1 to I + F infusion further increased the fractional excretion of free water by both kidneys but had not other effects. The results of the present investigation suggest that the renal hemodynamic effects of F ar not mediated through the action of prostaglandins but rather due to a direct vascular effect of the drug. On the other hand, its tubular actions are mediated through prostaglandins. PMID- 7224728 TI - The effect of high external K on the Na-activated fraction Ca efflux in goldfish ventricles. PMID- 7224729 TI - Prostaglandin E2 is the prevalent metabolite of arachidonic acid formed by aortic tissue of the chicken. PMID- 7224730 TI - Prostaglandin production by cultured mesothelial cells. PMID- 7224731 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a new diuretic, torasemide, in man. PMID- 7224732 TI - Electrophysiological effects of acetylcholine on rabbit cardiac Purkinje Fibers. PMID- 7224733 TI - Anti-hypoxic effects of etomidate, thiopental and methohexital. PMID- 7224735 TI - Is the appendix boring? PMID- 7224734 TI - Attitudes of physicians concerning controversial issues in hypertension. PMID- 7224736 TI - Chloramphenicol. A 1981 view. PMID- 7224737 TI - Oral progesterone therapy. Oxygen in a pill. PMID- 7224738 TI - Gram-negative bacteremias. Analysis of factors for clinical assessment of gentamicin resistance. AB - We reviewed the charts of 163 patients with 183 episodes of Gram-negative bacillary bacteremia to determine a clinical profile that would select patients at high risk for experiencing gentamicin-sulfate-resistant Gram-negative bacillary bacteremia at our hospital. Gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were only associated with institution-acquired bacteremia. Among institution acquired episodes, urinary tract infection, diagnostic or therapeutic procedures of the lower respiratory tract or urinary tract, presence of pneumonic infiltrate on chest roentgenogram, prior therapy with gentamicin, and prior therapy with other antibiotics were significant risk factors. Because only two of the 29 gentamicin-resistant bacteria that were tested against amikacin base were resistant to amikacin, we advocate initial treatment with amikacin for patients with evidence of an institution-acquired Gram-negative bacteremic episode. Gentamicin is still our initial choice for a community-acquired episode. PMID- 7224739 TI - Changing patterns of hospital infections and antibiotic use. Prevalence surveys in a community hospital. AB - The results of a physician-performed prevalence survey of infections and antibiotic use at the Salt Lake City LDS Hospital in 1979 were compared with those from a previous survey in 1971. The overall prevalences and types of infections found in the two surveys were similar. Although Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 60% or more of all bacterial isolates from hospital-acquired infections in both surveys, Gram-negative bacilli other than Escherichia coli were more prevalent in the 1979 survey. An anticipated increase in numbers of critically ill patients resulting from our hospital's evolution as a regional tertiary care center was reflected by more patients with multiple sites of infection, with vascular or urinary catheters, and who were receiving multiple antibiotics. Use of antimicrobial agents increased from 23% to 37% of all surveyed patients and was attributed mainly to wide use of cephalosporins for prophylaxis in surgical patients. PMID- 7224740 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias. Frequency during fiberoptic bronchoscopy and correlation with hypoxemia. AB - To evaluate the occurrence of ECG abnormalities during fiberoptic bronchoscopy in relation to specific stages of the procedure and to hypoxemia, we prospectively studied 50 hospitalized patients aged 53 +/- 18 years (mean +/- SD) who were undergoing bronchoscopy by continuously monitoring cardiac rhythm with a continuous two-channel ECG recorder and oxygen saturation by using ear oximetry. Major disturbances of cardiac rhythm (ie, atrial, ventricular, or both) developed in 20 (40%) patients. Ventricular arrhythmias were recorded in ten patients (20%) and occurred with greatest frequency during passage of the bronchoscope through the vocal cords in five of these patients. Atrial arrhythmias were detected in 16 patients (32%), but their occurrence did not correlate closely with any one stage of the procedure. Arrhythmias were most frequent in association with periods of maximum oxygen desaturation in 12 of these 20 patients. Oxygen desaturation persisted for greater than one hour after bronchoscopy in 34 (68%) of 50 subjects. Notably, no correlation was observed between the frequency of arrhythmias during bronchoscopy and patients' age, sex, prior medications, or preexisting cardiac or pulmonary disorders. In no case was an ECG abnormality associated with adverse clinical sequelae. PMID- 7224741 TI - The cancer family syndrome. Rare cutaneous phenotypic linkage of Torre's syndrome. AB - Sebaceous neoplasia have been observed in members of four families exhibiting the cancer family syndrome (CFS). This disorder is characterized by adenocarcinomas, particularly involving the (proximal) colon, endometrium, and ovary; an excess of multiple primary cancer; early age of cancer onset; and autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Multiple adenomatous polyps are lacking in this disorder. In four patients from three of these cancer-prone kindreds, cutaneous lesions were accompanied by multiple visceral adenocarcinomas, fulfilling the criteria for Torre's syndrome, a disease that heretofore has not shown notable familial clustering characteristic of the CFS. Therefore, the coexistence of rare sebaceous neoplasia and visceral cancer in CFS supports the notion that some cases of Torre's syndrome may in fact represent the more full phenotypic expression of the gene responsible for the CFS. PMID- 7224742 TI - Rheumatoid nodulosis. A relatively benign rheumatoid variant. AB - Subcutaneous nodules and rheumatoid factor (RF) are criteria used to diagnose rheumatoid disease. Their presence correlates with disease severity and poorer prognosis. They have been reported, however, in patients with little arthritis and no systemic disease. We studied four such patients, in whom (1) RF was present in high titer; (2) nodules were often extensive (nodulosis) and involved elbows, hands, and feet, with a predilection for tendons; and (3) roentgenograms showed large, subchondral bone cysts without cortical erosion of correlation with nodule location. The conditions of three of these patients had been previously misdiagnosed as gout or xanthoma. Our findings were similar to those in seven other patients described in earlier reports. We suggest that nodulosis, bone cysts, and elevated RF with little active arthritis constitute a relatively benign variant of rheumatoid disease. PMID- 7224744 TI - Renal manifestations of sarcoidosis. AB - Sarcoidosis may involve the kidneys in several ways. Most commonly, aberrations of calcium metabolism, including hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis, are responsible for the renal manifestations of sarcoidosis. Granulomatous infiltration of the renal interstitium may also produce severe derangements of renal function. Glomerulonephritis can occur with sarcoidosis, although the pathogenesis remains unclear. Besides renal insufficiency and frank renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, nephrolithiasis, hypertension, and a variety of tubular defects may complicate sarcoidosis. The sensitivity of "sarcoid nephropathy" to corticosteroids usually warrants therapeutic trial. PMID- 7224743 TI - Cutaneous vasculitis associated with acute and chronic hepatitis. AB - We encountered 11 patients who had rashes associated with hepatitis. Five of six acute hepatitis cases, but only one of five chronic hepatitis cases, were related to hepatitis B. Nine of the 11 patients had rash in the absence of clinically overt liver disease. Skin biopsy specimens showed histologic evidence of cutaneous vascular injury; specimens of urticarial and maculopapular rashes, which were seen in this series only with acute hepatitis, showed a primarily lymphocytic venulitis with focal necrosis, while palpable purpura, which was seen in this series only in chronic hepatitis, showed a primarily neutrophilic necrotizing vasculitis involving small vessels. One patient had lichen planus like lesions. Demonstration of vascular deposits of immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrin in skin, as well as hypocomplementemia, circulating immune complexes, and mixed cryoglobulinemia, in these patients suggests that cutaneous lesions associated with liver disease resulted from immune complex-mediated vascular injury. PMID- 7224745 TI - Pulmonary embolism presenting as coronary insufficiency. PMID- 7224746 TI - Distal renal tubular acidosis in multiple myeloma. AB - A patient with early multiple myeloma was initially seen with a severe hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap and a urine pH of 6.3. The patient did not have glucosuria, aminoaciduria, of phosphaturia. A bicarbonate loading test showed that the fractional excretion of bicarbonate was less than 5% and confirmed the hypothesis that the patient had a distal renal tubular acidification defect. The pathophysiologic mechanism that caused this defect is unknown, but it is associated with the presence of a serum M component (IgG-lambda) and a urine M component (lambda light chains). Multiple myeloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of conditions of patients who have a renal tubular acidification defect. PMID- 7224747 TI - Serum calcium in blood pressure regulation during hemodialysis. AB - Frequent hypotensive episodes developed in a 56-year-old man, who was receiving long-term hemodialysis therapy, at the time he had a uremic pericardial effusion. During dialysis with an inadvertent calcium infusion, however, the mean blood pressure (BP) was sustained and even rose from 93 to 133 mm Hg. During continued dialysis to restore the serum calcium level from a peak of 17.4 to 12.0 mg/dL, mean arterial pressure decreased back to 93 mm Hg. In contrast, BP had fallen in three of six preceding dialysis treatments and five of nine subsequent dialysis treatments, all at the same ultrafiltration rate. This report suggests the importance of serum calcium to BP regulation during hemodialysis. PMID- 7224748 TI - Maternal meconium granulomatous peritonitis. AB - A 32-year-old woman underwent cesarean section because of fetal distress. Meconium spilled into the incision during delivery. The patient subsequently had a fever, right-sided pleuritic chest pain, a right lower lobe infiltrate, and a pleural effusion. Exploratory laparotomy disclosed intra-abdominal fibrosis with inflammatory mass formation. A biopsy specimen showed a granulomatous reaction around the bile-staining material similar to meconium. The patient was treated with prednisone, and her symptoms abated. During the next four years, episodes of fever, abdominal discomfort, and pleuritis recurred, which eventually responded to indomethacin therapy. PMID- 7224749 TI - Recurrent pseudomembranous colitis unassociated with prior antibiotic therapy. AB - Fulminant and recurring pseudomembranous colitis developed in an elderly woman without prior antibiotic administration within the previous year. Stool culture yielded Clostridium difficile, and tissue cultures showed C difficile cytotoxin. Treatment with vancomycin hydrochloride was initially successful, but a serious relapse after its discontinuation necessitated low-dose long-term prophylaxis. Clostridium difficile may be responsible for pseudomembranous colitis unassociated with antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7224750 TI - Hypermagnesemia as a cause of refractory hypotension, respiratory depression, and coma. AB - Hypermagnesemia developed in a patient as a result of excess antacid ingestion, bowel obstruction, and renal failure. Before the diagnosis was considered, refractory hypotension, respiratory depression, and coma developed, all of which were eventually reversed through the lowering of the serum magnesium concentration by hemodialysis. PMID- 7224751 TI - Nephrotic syndrome, linear glomerular IgG deposits, and minimal glomerular changes. Report of a case. AB - A young adult patient had an unusual acute idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. This nephrotic syndrome was remarkable for (1) association with acute renal failure and hypertension, (2) finding of minimal glomerular changes with a linear fixation of the anti-human IgG conjugate along the glomerular capillary wall without demonstrable antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies, and (3) complete recovery, including disappearance of the linear staining, after treatment with prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis. PMID- 7224752 TI - Radiotherapy as a cause of complete atrioventricular block in Hodgkin's disease. An electrophysiological-pathological correlation. AB - A 20-year-old man contracted Hodgkin's disease and was treated with mantle radiotherapy. Heart block developed 11 years later. Electrocardiograms revealed predominant atrioventricular (AV) block and occasional AV conduction. Intracardiac electrograms demonstrated that the site of AV block was above the level of the His bundle. A permanent transvenous pacemaker was implanted. Seven months later the patient died of complications from cryptococcal meningitis. Pathological study of the heart revealed marked arteriosclerosis with fibrosis of the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. Examination of the conduction system revealed extensive arteriolosclerosis of the sinoatrial node and its approaches. In addition, there was marked fibrosis of the approaches to the AV node, the AV bundle, and both bundle branches. There was no evidence of Hodgkin's disease. This case documents the rare occurrence of AV block due to tissue destruction by radiotherapy. There was a good correlation between block proximal to the His bundle recording site and fibrosis of the approaches to the AV node. PMID- 7224753 TI - Acute interstitial nephritis. A case characterized by increase in serum IgG, IgM, and IgE concentrations. Eosinophilia, and IgE deposition in renal tubules. AB - A case of acute interstitial nephritis with a distinct immunopathologic pattern was seen. The relevant findings included elevated levels of serum IgG, IgM, and IgE; persistent eosinophilia; prominent granular and electron-dense depositions of IgE and C3 in renal tubules, as demonstrated by direct immunofluorescent and electron microscopic procedures; persistent failure to demonstrate anti-basement membrane antibodies (both glomerular and tubular); and hypocomplementemia. The findings in our case suggest a type of acute interstitial nephritis with a somewhat different clinical outlook. In this respect, serial assays of complement components and IgE in serum and kidney tissue and determinations of circulating anti-basement membrane antibodies (both glomerular and tubular) may be of particular importance. PMID- 7224754 TI - Ecthyma-like skin lesions caused by Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7224755 TI - Strongyloides stercoralis infestation. PMID- 7224756 TI - Thyroid-blocking activity of chlorpropamide in a diabetic patient with hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7224757 TI - Forme fruste myoglobinuria. PMID- 7224758 TI - [Development of the pecten oculi in the chick embryo. A light and scanning electron microscopic study]. PMID- 7224759 TI - [Structural, ultrastructural, and quantitative study of the corpuscle of Hassall during its development]. PMID- 7224760 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of human seminal vesicles]. PMID- 7224762 TI - ["Significance of angiography in the hand" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224761 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of human hairs of subjects of different age and sex]. PMID- 7224763 TI - One stage corrective surgery early in life for tetralogy of Fallot, with reference to postoperative cardiac function. PMID- 7224764 TI - [Transvertebral thoracic phlebography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224765 TI - [Selective spinal angiographic study on disorders of cervical spine and cervical cord -- with special reference to myelopathy of cervical osteochondrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224766 TI - [Radiographic observation of sagittal diameter of cervical spinal canal in normal children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224767 TI - [Radiological study on movements of thoracic spine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224768 TI - [Experimental studies on major resection of the liver in obstructive jaundice, with special reference to timing of hepatectomy and biliary decompression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224769 TI - [Experimental study on hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity in relation to the formation and dissolution of cholesterol gallstones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224770 TI - [Intraabdominal drainage in the gastric operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224771 TI - [Clinical evaluation of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) for the postoperative ileus after major abdominal surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224772 TI - A case of hyperfunctioning primary thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7224773 TI - [Leiomyosarcomatosis of stomach, duodenum and jejunum; a report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224774 TI - [The brain abscess cured by repeated operations: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224775 TI - [Separation of morro or jicaro (Crescentia alata) seeds]. PMID- 7224776 TI - Problems in the estimation of corn consumption in longitudinal studies in rural Guatemala. PMID- 7224777 TI - [Adaptation of a cheese-making procedure for use in rural homes]. PMID- 7224779 TI - [Dietetic evaluation at the national level in Costa Rica: changes over a decade]. PMID- 7224778 TI - [Evaluation of 2 procedures for the estimation of food consumption by preschool children]. PMID- 7224780 TI - Role of hydrogen sulfide in mercury resistance determined by plasmid of Clostridium cochlearium T-2. AB - Mercury resistance of Clostridium cochlearium T-2P was found to be controlled by a different mechanism from those reported so far since no mercury-reducing activity was detected in this strain. The H2S generating ability as well as the demethylating activity in this bacterium was eliminated by the treatment of the cured acridine dye and recovered by the conjugation of the cured strain with the parent strain. In addition, the strain which lost their abilities to generate H2S and to decompose methylmercury, showed higher sensitivity to mercurials than the parent strain. From these results, the genes conferring both the activities seemed to reside on the plasmid and the mechanism of mercury resistance was probably based on a detoxification mechanism involving methylmercury decomposition and inactivation of the inorganic mercury with H2S. PMID- 7224781 TI - Arthrobacter P1, a fast growing versatile methylotroph with amine oxidase as a key enzyme in the metabolism of methylated amines. AB - A facultative methylotrophic bacterium was isolated from enrichment cultures containing methylamine as the sole carbon source. It was tentatively identified as an Arthrobacter species. Extracts of cells grown on methylamine or ethylamine contained high levels of amine oxidase (E.C. 1.4.3) activity. Glucose- or choline grown cells lacked this enzyme. Oxidation of primary amines by the enzyme resulted in the formation of H2O2; as a consequence high levels of catalase were present in methylamine- and ethylamine-grown cells. The significance of catalase in vivo was demonstrated by addition of 20 mM aminotriazole (a catalase inhibitor) to exponentially growing cells. This completely blocked growth on methylamine whereas growth on glucose was hardly affected. Cytochemical studies showed that methylamine-dependent H2O2 production mainly occurred on invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane. Assimilation of formaldehyde which is generated during methylamine oxidation was by the FBP variant of the RuMP cycle of formaldehyde fixation. The absence of NAD-dependent formaldehyde and formate dehydrogenases indicated the operation of a non-linear oxidation sequence for formaldehyde via hexulose phosphate synthase. Enzyme profiles of the organism grown on various substrates suggested that the synthesis of amine oxidase, catalase and the enzymes of the RuMP cycle is not under coordinate control. PMID- 7224782 TI - Phospholipid metabolism in Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607 grown at 37 degrees and 27 C degrees C. AB - The rate of synthesis and degradation of phospholipids in Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607, grown at 27 degrees C and 37 degrees C was studied incorporation of 32P into phospholipids and chase of radioactivity of the pulse-labelled phospholipids. A relatively low rate of synthesis and degradation of phospholipids in cells growth at 27 degrees C was observed as compared to those grown at 37 degrees C. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) had the maximum turnover at 37 degrees C. However, at 27 degrees C, cardiolipin (CL) showed a turnover rate higher than PE. Phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) were metabolically more active at 37 degrees C than at 27 degrees C. The differences in metabolic activity of the phospholipids at the two temperatures have been discussed. PMID- 7224783 TI - [Comparative value of C.T. in the study of intracranial expanding lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224784 TI - [Ataxia-telangiectasia: treatment with transfer factor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224785 TI - [Toxic polyneuropathy as a consequence of the use of glue and chemical dissolvents on the shoe-industry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224786 TI - [Origin and behavior of macrophages in the milk of cows with healthy and pathological udders]. AB - Macrophages of cow milk are part of the mononucleic phagocyte system. Most of them are histiocytes which are transferred from udder tissue into milk at various stages of activity. They are variable in shape, size, and number and have certain defence and purification functions in the milk. Transformation in milk of lymphocytes to macrophages are considered possible. No hard evidence has been produced, as yet, to the repeatedly produced by means of optical light microscopy to close conglomeration of macrophages and lymphocytes in milk, which is interpreted as macrophage-lymphocyte interaction, as in immunoreactive processes. Cows with clinically intact udders were found to have in their milk between 17 and 20 per cent of macrophages, 37 or 38 per cent of polymorphonucleic leucocytes, between 13 and 20 per cent of lymphocytes as well as between 26 and 32 per cent of non-differentiable cells and cell fragments. The repair phase of acute mastitis was found to be associated with drastic decrease of milk cell counts, along with percentual rise in macrophages, caused mainly by reduction in polymorphonucleic leucocytes in the milk. With subclinical and chronic mastitis, the percentage of macrophages was found to be increased, particularly due to streptococcal infection. PMID- 7224787 TI - [Pharmacokinetic findings following the oral application of granulated Mebacid in cattle, calves and sheep]. AB - The pharmacokinetic properties of sulphamerazine, following oral application of granulated Mebacid to cattle, calf, and sheep, were compared with results obtained from the use of Mebacid tablets. Elimination half-life was higher in cattle, calf, and sheep, following oral application of Mebacid tablets. Different pharmacokinetic properties of sulphamerazine were found to exist between the two modes of preparation. Sulphonamide was eliminated more rapidly by cattle, calf, and sheep, when granulated Mebacid was used. When granulate is used, higher sulphamerazine doses have to be applied to calf and sheep to obtain the sulphonamide levels required for effective therapy. No intolerance was recorded from the above species, following oral application of granulated Mebacid. PMID- 7224788 TI - [Orientation studies of ovulation release in mice to test gonadotropic preparations. 1. Dosage of PMSG and HCG]. AB - Reported in this paper are the authors' own experience and results concerning a method of testing ovulation in mice by which activities of gonadotrophic preparations can be determined. Prepuberal female mice received as pretreatment a subcutaneous injection of 0.5 or 1.0 IU of PMSG (pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin) per animal. When HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) ws subcutaneously injected, 48 hours later, ovulation was induced in all animals and could be microscopically counted between two glass slides under slight pressure, after another 18 hours had elapsed. The highest effective dose (ED100) in most of 40 comparisons was close to 1.0 IU of HCG. Dosages of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 IU of HCG were found to be suitable for effective dosage determination. Differences in action between various batches of lyophilised HCG were elucidated by using two variables, a threshold reached when three of five animals in one and the same dosage group had ovulated, and ED100, when all had ovulated. PMID- 7224789 TI - [Control of veterinary communicable diseases in swine and fattening cattle stocks by serological testing of slaughtered animal blood samples]. AB - Economy of prophylactic haemoserological control of pig stocks in a district as well as of a sow breeding unit and of cattle stocks on two industrialised fattening farms has been enhanced by including blood samples from routine slaughtering. Preliminary organisational experience is reported in this paper. The samples collected samples collected from normally slaughtered selected sows may contribute to an improvement of veterinary production control. PMID- 7224790 TI - [Pathologico-anatomical and histological studies with special reference to the tracheal mucus membrane of calves following exposure to an aerosol disinfectant (Wofasteril)]. AB - Various morphological methods were used in examining calves, with the view to determining the action of Wofasteril, an aerosolic disinfectant, on their organism, particularly on their trachea. Calves were found to differ from animals with pneumonia and other pulmonary inflammations, in that no transformation and quality change occurred to the mucus of their tracheal goblet cells in response to peracetic acid. Pathologico-anatomic and histological alterations in various organs were not attributable either to the disinfectant. A contribution is made to a more general description of the normal tissue structure, in that data are presented on the length, width, and number of goblet cells in the trachea of calf. PMID- 7224791 TI - [Correlations between certain parameters of weight increase, slaughter performance, meat condition and thyroid function in swine for slaughter comparing various boar offspring]. AB - Comprehensive tests were applied to a larger number of pigs for slaughter, all kept under the same conditions and all of known genetic origin. Subjects of testing were pork quality parameters, pH45, colour brightness, and drip loss as well as morphological thyroid parameters, epithelial level, nuclear surface, and follicle diameter as well as butanol-extractable iodine in the serum. All parameters were compared with one another, and each of them was then related to net body growth and increase in high-quality pork components. Follicular epithelial level and butanol-extractable iodine were found to be in negative correlation with one another. Higher drip loss was in concomitance with relative morphological thyroid quiescence. Higher net growth was exhibited by animals with portions of high-quality pork components went along with significant deterioration of general pork quality. Six boar progenies were tested for the above parameters. Some of the boar progenies exhibited statistically secured differences with regard to the thyroid parameters, butanol-extractable iodine, and pork quality. PMID- 7224793 TI - [Modification of blood serum mineral levels and aspartate aminotransferase, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activity and plasma in glucose levels in healthy cattle by Ca-Mg-containing solutions]. AB - Three high-performance cows in lactation were tested each for the effects of two kinds of infusion each, 500 ml of Tetamag-2 solution (60 g of calcium gluconate and 60 g of magnesium adipate) and 500 ml of Calcimag (100 g of calcium gluconate and 20 g of magnesium adipate), upon the levels of calcium, magnesium, Pa, potassium, and sodium as well as upon the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, leucine-aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase in blood serum and upon glucose levels in blood plasma. Migration of calcium out of blood plasma was found to take place at much higher rate than that of magnesium. Infusion of Pa and glucose was followed soon by some temporary drop of values. No directional effects were recordable from potassium and sodium. Aspartate-aminotransferase activity did not change in response to transfusion. Intravenous infusion of Tetamag-2 solution caused strong temporary rise in magnesium concentration and, consequently, activation of leucine-aminopeptidase. PMID- 7224792 TI - [Problems relating to low temperature preservation of ram semen. 1. Effects of various cryoprotective agents on sperm]. AB - Studies into the action of several cryoprotective agents in sodium-citrate-yolk diluent on ram semen provided preliminary information regarding both concentration applicable in deep-freeze preservation and toxicity of the agents involved. Included in the tests were glycerin, dimethylsulphoxide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidome, and dimethylacetamide. The effect of adding cryoprotective-containing diluent at 5 degrees C was more favourable, in its impact on ram sperma, than that observed, when diluent was added at 30 degrees C. PMID- 7224794 TI - [Blood mineral (Ca, Mg, Na K, Pa) levels and aspartate aminotransferase, leucine aminopeptidase, creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase activity and blood glucose levels in cattle with hypomagnesemia prior to and following infusion of a 500 ml solution containing 60 g of Mg adipate and 60 g of Ca gluconate]. AB - The levels of various compounds in blood serum and blood plasma were tested in 14 heads of cattle with hypomagnesiaemia (x = 0.76 +/- 0.29 mg/100 ml), prior to and following infusion of 500 ml of a calcium-magnesium solution (containing 60 g of magnesium adipate and 60 g of calcium gluconate). Concomitant hypocalcaemia (6.1 mg/100 ml) was recordable only from one animal. Most of the potassium as well as all Pa and protein values in blood serum were physiologically normal, while sodium ws somewhat reduced. The glucose level in blood plasma was increased in the animal with concomitant hypocalcaemia and in one animal with poor recovery potential. The drops in magnesium and calcium levels in blood serum, following infusion, in cattle with hypomagnesiaemia was very similar to that in clinically intact cattle. Aspartate-aminotransferase and creatinine-phosphokinase activities of the serum were increased in all cattle, but leucine-aminopeptidase activity in only some of them. The activity of alkaline phosphatase of the blood serum was physiologically normal. PMID- 7224795 TI - [Effect of dl-alpha-tocopherol on incorporation of selenium in "selenium indicating" organs and on glutathione peroxidase activity in rat and rabbit erythrocytes following application of therapeutic doses of sodium selenite]. AB - An explanation of the functions of both vitamin E and selenium in metabolism and an account of the correlations between them is followed by reference to the results obtained by the authors of this paper from studies into the effects of dl alpha-tocopherol on selenium levels in the M. longissimus dorsi, blood, and liver as well as on the activity of glutathione-peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in erythrocytes of rabbit and rat, following application of therapeutic doses of selenium (0.5 mg/kg live weight). In both species selenium application increased the glutathione-peroxidase activity in erythrocytes. Vitamin E had no additional effect. Application of selenium was followed by rise in intraorganic selenium concentrations. In rabbit, the effect of vitamin T on intraorganic distribution of selenium caused an increased of the selenium level in the liver, but not in the muscles. No vitamin E effect was recordable in the rat. The findings are discussed, with conclusions being suggested for the treatment of metabolic disorders in the context of selenium and vitamin E and for non-invasive liver therapy. PMID- 7224796 TI - [Progressive bulbar paralysis. Report of a juvenile case (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the case of a 16 year-old girl with the following features: clinically, a progressive bulbar paralysis, a weakness and wasting of muscles predominantly in the upper limbs; pathologically, a severe neuronal loss in the motor nuclei of the VIIth, IXth, XIIth cranial nerves and in the anterior horns of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord, a demyelinisation of the corticospinal tracts. A classification of progressive bulbar paralysies in infants and children is proposed. In the first group, the peripheral motoneuron is the only involved. Such cases are often called Fazio-Londe disease and can be related to those cases of infantile spinal amyotrophy either of the Werdnig-Hoffmann type or, most often, of the Wolfhardt-Kugelberg type. In the second group, the corticospinal tract is also involved. Some of these cases can be included in the spinocerebellar degenerations but others, such as the case reported here, are strongly reminiscent of the adult amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 7224797 TI - [Dwarfism due to deprivation associated with deep sleep deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report sleep disturbances in a case of dwarfism due to deprivation. Polygraphic recording of sleep showed a deficiency in deep sleep which is the normal stimulus for hgH secretion. This might explain the deficiency of hgH frequently encountered in this form of dwarfism. PMID- 7224798 TI - [Fanconi's disease associated with hepato-splenic peliosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of Fanconi's disease equilibrated for a period of 8 years by androgen therapy. The patient died after interruption of treatment; the clinical picture comprised hepatomegaly, jaundice, pancytopenia. The autopsy showed hepato-splenic peliosis and acute tuberculosis. The subject of peliosis is brought up to date by a thorough review of current literature and the relationships between steroid treatment and hepatic complications are discussed. PMID- 7224799 TI - [The pattern of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in infants and children. Determination of normal values (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein values were measured in 652 children between the ages of 1 day and 17 years, allowing the authors to define the dynamics of the blood-brain barrier under normal conditions and during inflammation of the nervous system. The ratio of CSF albumin/serum albumin (whose upper limit was 0.65 in the study) was the best sign of alteration of blood-brain barrier permeability. The CSF IgG level, whose upper limit was 0.85 (for serum IgG between 10 and 14 g/l) is the most useful criterion for detecting an intra-thecal synthesis of IgG. Six patterns of CSF proteins are defined on the basis of immunochemical and electrophoretic studies. The ratio of CSF albumin/serum albumin and the CSF IgG level must be compared to the electrophoretic pattern of CSF proteins in order to better characterize one aspect of the blood-brain barrier under normal and pathologic conditions of the central nervous system. PMID- 7224800 TI - [Mitral insufficiency due to bacterial endocarditis in a 20 months old infant with normal heart (author's transl)]. AB - A case of severe cardiac failure with fever and massive mitral insufficiency in a 20 months-old infant is reported. Rupture of mitral chordae tendinae together with valvar vegetations were documented by echocardiography. Surgical mitral reconstruction was performed with an excellent hemodynamic result two years later. PMID- 7224802 TI - [Neonatal hypocalcemia. Treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3]. PMID- 7224801 TI - [Ultrasonography of an aneurysm of the great vein of Galien (author's transl)]. AB - In a 15 day-old infant who presented with heart failure on the 4th day of life, the discovery of a continuous murmur at the level of the cranium led to suspicion of an aneurysm of the vein of Galien. Chest and neck profile X-rays showed an enlargement of the great vessels at the base of the heart and a thickening of the retropharyngeal soft tissues. Cerebral echotomography through the fontanelle showed an anechoic round area located in the posterior part of thalamus. Cerebral angiography confirmed the diagnosis. PMID- 7224803 TI - Environmental carcinogenesis. PMID- 7224804 TI - Viruses and cancer risk in man. AB - The present state of tumor virus research in man is analysed in order to evaluate the cancer risk by viruses in man. For most of the viruses isolated from human tumorous or normal tissues and similar to oncogenic viruses of animals the participation as causative agent in the multifactorial process of cancer induction, promotion and realization in man is not yet established. This holds true for DNA viruses (paillomaviruses, SV 40-related viruses, Herpesvirus 2, hepatitis B virus) as well as for the retroviruses. There are, however, data which give circumstantial evidence for the association of members of these groups of viruses with certain types of human tumors. The foremost candidate as human tumor virus is the Epstein-Barr virus--an essential causative factor for Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. PMID- 7224805 TI - Mass screening in cancer: efficacy, problems, principles. AB - With respect to steady increasing incidence of malignant tumors in Czechoslovakia the oncological program was established with the aim to achieve a gradual dispensarization of all population. The main part of the program is the secondary prevention through oncological examinations to find out early stages of tumors or precancerous lesions. The experimental examinations started in four districts and during two years 111,783 inhabitants from selected groups passed the screening. The examinations were also aimed on hypertension and diabetes. The first results revealed 0.2% new malignancies and 24% preneoplastic lesions. As far as hypertension and diabetes concerns there were 6,204 new cases of hypertension and 2,616 of diabetes. The examinations were supported by centers of clinical oncology created 3 years ago in all district and county hospitals. The task of the centers is not only the early diagnosis of all malignancies but also the application of a suitable therapy. For early diagnosis of some tumors there were established special committees which closely cooperate with the center. These are specially the committees for breast cancer and in some hospitals committees for malignant melanoma. The examinations will be gradually extended to other countries in CSR and in spite of many problems which remain to be solved we hope that all these arrangements will help in the fight against malignant tumors. PMID- 7224806 TI - Public education and cancer detection. AB - Public education can be organized by governmental institutions or by private organizations, for instance cancer leagues. The first goal is to get the individual aware about his personal responsibility of taking care of his own health state. Continuous and objective information in the nature of cancer disease, on results in cancer treatment and the reasons for early cancer detection will finally lead to a better control of the malignancy. Close collaboration with general practitioners is of advantage in public education programs as they are in close contact with the individual and to whom they are personal advisors. PMID- 7224808 TI - Confirmation of cancer diagnosis--methods and problems. AB - Histo- und cytopathological proof of the diagnosis of cancer is crucial for the choice of an appropriate treatment. In the last decade effective methods for obtaining material from various organs of the body within operation have been developed, especially by new procedures in endoscopy, radiology, sonography and fine needle biopsying allowing further progress in cancer management. PMID- 7224809 TI - Precancerous lesions and their clinical consequences. PMID- 7224807 TI - Recent results of early detection of gynecological cancer in the German Democratic Republic. AB - The scientific basis, current activities and recent results with the detection of the most important malignant gynecological tumors are demonstrated. On the basis of the results obtained we hope to make further progress in preventing cervical cancer by intensifying cytological mass-screening in the whole country. Testing high-risk-concepts of endometrial cancer can improve the early diagnosis of women being examined prophylactically. But for carcinoma of the ovary there does not exist a realistic basis for any decisive progress today. PMID- 7224810 TI - Comprehensive cancer management--principles, benefits, problems. PMID- 7224811 TI - The multidisciplinary approach, a need in optimal management of lymphomas. PMID- 7224812 TI - The multidisciplinary approach a need in optimal management of breast cancer. PMID- 7224813 TI - Some results and perspectives of cancer research in the USSR. PMID- 7224814 TI - The National Cancer Program in Poland: principles and results. PMID- 7224815 TI - Cancer registry: aims, functions and quality control. PMID- 7224817 TI - Oncornavirus precursor particles and the microtubule organizing centers. AB - The relationship of intracytoplasmic type A particles, precursor particles of type B retroviruses, to microtubule organizing centers and to the mitotic apparatus have been studied electronmicroscopically in hamster and murine cell lines in various stages of mitotic arrest by Colcemid and vincristine sulfate. It was shown that the migration of these precursor particles from the cytoplasm to the kinetochore region of chromosomes, occurring in early metaphase, is a function of the inhibition of microtubule formation at the pericentriolar cytocentrum and of the attachment of spindle fibers at one sister kinetochore plate of chromosomes. The association of these type A particles with the mitotic apparatus during Colcemid arrest is reversible by removal of the inhibitor and is inversely proportional to the reattachment of spindle fibers and to the reformation of microtubules. The active participation of microtubules and cytoskeletal proteins in the transport and maturation of type B oncornaviruses is strongly suggested by these findings. Their implications, as to a possible epigenetic mode of transmission of these viruses as well as to the induction of the transformed state are discussed. PMID- 7224816 TI - [Significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as carcinogenic risk factors for man (author's transl)]. AB - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAK) are tightly connected with the history of chemical carcinogenesis since they are carcinogenic components of carbon blacks, tars, paraffines, and mineral oils. In selected examples it is shown for some cases of professional cancer that they can induce cancer in man. The carcinogenic effect obtained with PAK containing extracts of very different products, correlates also in animal tests with the detected contents of PAK and particularly of benzo[a]-pyrene (BaP). This concerns, among others, tars, carbon blacks, exhaust gases of combustion engines, and environmental pollutions. BaP may be regarded as representative for the PAKs. PAKs and BaP are ubiquitous. The sources of contamination are briefly summarized. Epidemiologic studies show also a connection between human cancer and influence of PAK. In the opinion of the authors and for the given reasons the PAKs are carcinogenic for many to a very high degree of security. PMID- 7224819 TI - Antiviral effect of haloperidol on Rauscher murine leukemia virus. AB - The neuroleptic drug haloperidol (Hal) shows, when administered in multiple intraperitoneal or intravenous injections beginning at 5 hrs post inoculation of Rauscher leukemia virus to male NMRI mice, a marked activity in inhibiting virus induced splenomegaly and prolonging mean survival time. Evidence is presented that a direct action of the drug on the virus is involved in its inhibitory effect. PMID- 7224818 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of carminomycin (CRM) in combination with dibromodulcitol (DBD) compared with the combination vincristine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (VCMF) on some tumor systems (author's transl)]. AB - The antineoplastic effectivity of VCMF was compared with the combined therapy CRM plus DBD in the mouse tumor systems L1210, 1142 A and Lewis lung carcinoma. Therapy of tumor-bearing mice was carried out by administering doses on the basis of LD 10 or with doses directly calculated from the clinical study CMEA 0102. In the most of all experiments VCMF was superior to the combination CRM plus DBD. PMID- 7224820 TI - Comparative autoradiographic in vitro study of the incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine into the DNA and RNA of solid tumours in children. AB - 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine labelling indices (LIth and LIur) were determined simultaneously using an autoradiographic method in 19 solid tumours: 6 Wilms' tumours, 5 neuroblastomas, 4 osteogenic sarcomas, and 4 various tumours. At a LIth of 2.7 to 47.0% (average 22.3%) all LIur were significantly higher with values of 11.6 to 76.3% (average 47.4%). The difference between both indices varies by the factor 1.26 to 7.45 (average 2.83). The magnitude of 3H-uridine incorporation into the RNA is correlated to the proliferation rate as well as that of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the DNA. Rapidly growing tumours show high 3H-thymidine and -uridine labelling indices with a decrease from Wilms' tumours to osteogenic sarcomas and neuroblastomas. 3H-thymidine and -uridine incorporation into nucleic acids are discussed with reference to the cell kinetic system of a solid tumour and the course of the cell cycle. Perhaps, the 3H uridine labelling index in the autoradiograms represents the growth fraction of a tumour. The significance of the relation of DNA to RNA synthesis for the testing of tumour sensitivity towards cytostatic agents in the short-term test is discussed. PMID- 7224822 TI - [Positive and negative false diagnosis of cancer detected by autopsy (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Among autopsied cases every third case of cancer is only discovered by autopsy or correctly diagnosed with regard to his localization or structure. 2. 90% and more of all cancer of the breast, the skin, the upper alimentary and aerial tract, of the uterus and the vagina and vulva are clinical correctly diagnosed, but only 70% of malignant lymphomas and cancers of the lung, the stomach, the bowel and the ovary. More than 50% of all cancers of the prostata gland, the urinary tract and the pancreas are exactly clinical diagnosed, but the diagnosis of tumours of the brain, the biliary tract and the liver is worse. 3. In about 10% of all clinically diagnosed cancers any cancer does not exist and 10% have another cancer than expected. The clinical and the epidemiological aspect of such cancers is perturbed by these positive false diagnoses. 4. The group of negative false diagnoses descends only from deaths without suspicion for cancer. If cancer cases are more often autopsied than other deaths, the percentage of negatives erroneous diagnoses decreases in spite of the number of unknown unautopsied cancer cases increases. 5. Among the present autopsy rates about 10% (or more) of all cancer cases are not included in medical statistics. PMID- 7224821 TI - [Results of cryosurgery for the treatment of vascular nevi and tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Report on experiences of the application of cryotherapy in 187 patients with 200 vascular nevi and angiomas. The fit form of therapy for angiomas is contact freezing because of simultaneous compression. The cryotherapy of cavernous angiomas in skin and oral mucosa, especially in difficult locations, produces excellent results. In those cases the cryotherapy is the method of choice. In founded indications capillary angiomas of infants could be successfully treated. Port-wine nevi in part are suitable for the application of low temperatures. PMID- 7224823 TI - [Synthesis and analgesic activity of derivatives of 4'.5'-dimethoxy-3.7-imino-1.2 benzocyclooctene (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224824 TI - [Tumor inhibitory agents. 12. 2-Ureido-4(3H)-pyrimidinones]. PMID- 7224825 TI - [Antiviral drugs, XVII: Oligocyclically N-substituted lithocholic amides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224826 TI - [Potential antimalarials, I: 6-(Diethylaminoalkoxy)--5,8-dimethoxyquinolines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224827 TI - [Determination of canrenone in biological fluids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224828 TI - Mass spectral and antimicrobial studies of the benzofuran analog of chloramphenicol. PMID- 7224829 TI - Potential biologically active agents, XXVII: Synthesis of some 4-substituted phenylmercaptoacetic acids. PMID- 7224830 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological properties of cis-3,10b-dimethyl-9-hydroxy 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b-octahydrobenzol[f]isoquinoline (author's transl)]. PMID- 7224831 TI - [Determination of the saturation concentration of drugs in ointment bases]. PMID- 7224832 TI - Visual evoked potentials (VEP) elicited by checkerboard versus foveal stimulation in multiple sclerosis. A clinical study in 235 patients. AB - In 235 patients with suspected multiple sclerosis (MS) the diagnostic value of visual evoked potentials (VEP) elicited by checkerboard and central foveal stimulation was compared. No significant difference was found. Both methods are supplementary in diagnostic value. Foveal stimulation may provide an additional diagnostic clue. Normal VEPs do not exclude a prior retrobulbar neuritis. Electronystagmography and examination of CSF are at least essential for the diagnosis of MS as VEPs. The combination of these methods increase the accuracy of diagnosis. PMID- 7224835 TI - Programme of measures for the control of acute streptococcal infections and complications. I. Objectives and working methodology. PMID- 7224834 TI - [Social consequences of psychic disturbances in the population: a field study on young adults (author's transl)]. AB - In epidemiological surveys about neurotic and psychosomatic disturbances there is the question of how relevant the reported syndromes are. An important criterion to evaluate the relevance of a syndrome is its individual and social consequences. In a general population sample of 600 young adults in the Canton of Zurich (Switzerland), subjects answered a structured interview (SPIKE) about 25 different neurotic and psychosomatic syndromes and their consequences: personal suffering, imparied role performance, tendency to become chronic, and medical treatment. A number of neurotic syndromes (especially depression, anxiety, and exhaustion) ranked highest with regard to individual suffering and impaired role performance, but they rarely led to medical treatment. Psychosomatic syndromes, on the other hand, while treated more often, only caused minor personal suffering and did not impair role performance very much. PMID- 7224836 TI - Programme of measures for the control of acute streptococcal infections and complications. II. Evaluation of the results obtained in five years of application in 14 pilot district units. PMID- 7224833 TI - [The topology of the motor pathways in the internal capsule (author's transl)]. AB - The topology of the motor pathways in the posterior peduncle of the internal capsule is discussed with regard to the literature and computer tomographic analysis of three patients with capsular lesions. Contradictory findings from morphologic, stereotactic, and computer tomographic investigations of the topology of the motor pathways in the posterior peduncle of the internal capsule have led to concepts which are mutually incompatible. It was first maintained that the motor pathways are located in the anterior third or two-thirds of the posterior peduncle and arranged somatotopically in the craniocaudal direction. A new interpretation which has received wide support from stereotactic investigations and studies of the pathologic anatomy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis agrees on the somatotopic arrangement, but claims that the motor pathways are located rather in the posterior third of the posterior peduncle. By including ontogenetic factors and a critical relativistic consideration of the somatotopic arrangement of the posterior peduncle of the internal capsule in the analysis of the topology of the motor pathways in the posterior peduncle of the internal capsule, it can be demonstrated that the contradictions of published results and hypotheses are only apparent, thus making a uniform interpretation possible. PMID- 7224837 TI - Quantitation of complement activation by the time of initiation of immune hemolysis. PMID- 7224838 TI - [The mental effects of chronic venous disease. Assessment by means of the Machover human figure test, Cattel anxiety test and Rosenzweig frustration test]. AB - On the basis of routine clinical observations of mental stress, mainly of anxiety and depressive type, in the everyday treatment of chronic vascular disease, an attempt has been made to obtain a more strictly scientific assessment in relation to age, profession, admittance to hospital, degree of invalidity and immobility, etc. of two groups of patients with similar characteristics, one with chronic phlebopathy and a control group suffering from traumas of the lower extremities and their sequelae. Following intensive, highly informative conversations, the evaluation was made by means of the Machover human figure test which showed greater aggressiveness among the phlebopathy patients than the controls, the Cattel anxiety test (I.P.A.T.) which showed a marked prevalence of concealed anxiety in phlebopathy patients, and the Rosenzweig frustration test which revealed no significant differences between the groups. The data obtained were evaluated by statistical analysis with the Student test and Pearson's x test and results are reported. PMID- 7224840 TI - [Endogenous thermotherapy in patients with prosthesis and metal implants]. AB - The conditions where metallic implants may be exposed to metric and centimetric electromagnetic irradiation have been experimentally produced "in vitro". Irradiation doses equal to those currently chosen for human physiotherapy, induce temperature increases which seem to be well tolerated by muscular and connective tissues. Conditions of maximal temperature increase around the metallic implant are those where the relative position of the electrodes to the body segments never occurs in practice. PMID- 7224839 TI - [Fibrinolytic activity of the human brain and the cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - The fibrinolytic activity (F.A.) of the encephalon, the cerebrospinal fluid and the choroid plexi has been studied in 15 necropsies observed at the Pavia Forensic Medicine Department. A physiopathological relationship between the F.A. of CSF and the encephalic structures is suggested; against this, there would appear to be no such relationship with the F.A. of the choroid plexi. PMID- 7224841 TI - [Effect of prostaglandins on the cardiovascular system]. AB - Ever since the effect of prostaglandins on vasal tone and cardiac function was discovered, an impressive series of studies has been conducted on their relations with the cardiovascular system. These studies have been extended to the prostaglandin system compounds discovered in more recent times. Of these, particular importance is being attached to prostacycline, though to be implicated in the physiological control of platelet clumping and also in that of renin secretion. Further investigation of the part played by prostacycline and other prostaglandins in cardiovascular disease has given unusually promising interim results. PMID- 7224842 TI - [Action of a polyene macrolide on hyperdyslipidemic disorders]. AB - The efficacy and the tolerance of a polyene macrolide, mepartricin (SPA-S-160), able to interfere with intestinal absorption of cholesterol, were evaluated on 50 patients with primary hyperlipemia. Administration of 3 tablets/die for 30 days caused a significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in the lipid values, which, further controlled 30 days following treatment, proved to have remained lower than those observed at the beginning of the study. PMID- 7224843 TI - [Presence of Australia antigen in blood donors]. AB - The differential diagnosis of type A and B viral hepatitis is discussed and guidelines for the prevention of post-transfusional hospital hepatitis are proposed. Methods for the immunological demonstration of HBs antigen are illustrated, together with the respective positivity percentages in blood donors. PMID- 7224844 TI - [In vitro activity of fosfomycin]. AB - The in vitro activity of phosphomycin has been compared with other antibiotics in 1703 bacterial strains isolated from pathological specimens sent to the Laboratory from various divisions of the hospital. Results were first class on both gram-positive and gram-negative flora. It was in first place as regards staphylococcus (97.4% sensitive strains), citrobacter (68.6%), proteus mirabilis (73.1%), indole positive proteus (48.2%). It also predominated in pseudomonas (54.6%) and E. coli (86.7%). In view of the fact that gram-negative infections are taking on a predominant position within the hospital environment, it is considered that phosphomycin should be rightfully included among the antibacterial drugs in routine use. PMID- 7224845 TI - [Experimental analysis of various cardiac effects of inosine]. AB - Experimental research has shown that inosine in doses of 100-500 mg/kg has a protective effect with respect to various experimentally induced myocardiopathies. PMID- 7224846 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of 1-(4'-oxyphenyl)-2-(3'-phenyl-thiopropyl-amino) propane-1-01 hydrochloride (Istiod) in the rat]. AB - The pharmacokinetics (serum, urinary and biliary concentrations) of Isotiod have been studied in rats. Doses exploited the property of the molecule in an alkaline medium with a diazonium salt to form coloured azo compounds. In rats Isotiod determines blood concentrations whose intensity and duration are proportional to the dose and route of administration; notable quantities of the drug are eliminated by the urinary way and a small quantity by the bile way with a personal technique. PMID- 7224847 TI - [Platelet aggregation and piribedil]. AB - The Authors, thanks to experimental works, have established that piribedil at high concentrations inhibits ADP and thrombin aggregation effect on the rabbit PRP. PMID- 7224848 TI - [Clinico-statistical notes on a group of patients with myocardial infarction]. AB - A case series of patients affected by myocardial infarction is analyzed from the clinical-statistical point of view. The importance of C.D.U. and criteria necessary to institute it are evaluated. PMID- 7224849 TI - [Hepatic rheography in diabetes mellitus]. AB - BSF clearance and hepatic rheography have been studied in 10 diabetics. A reduction in BSF was encountered in all patients, rheographic changes being noted in 70%. PMID- 7224850 TI - [Significance of increased serum leucine-amino-peptidase (LAP) in patients with primary malignant bronchiogenic neoplasia]. AB - After a little introduction about the elements that normally caused an elevation of the LAP-serum (leucine-aminopeptidase), the authors point out the elevation of this enzyme in subjects with neoplastic diseases especially in the female genitalia. The authors will have studied in this work the LAP comportment in subjects with bronchial neoplasm; the authors found in 12 cases of bronchial malignant neoplasm controlled by histological-test (biopsy during bronchoscopy a constant elevation of serum LAP that they relate for causes not certain, to the neoplasm presence. Was not elevation in the metastases pulmonary neoplasm. the authors conclude pointing out the LAP a very important element in precocious diagnosis of neoplastic diseases also the bronchial level, when this elevation in the serum not find explanation in a pathological hepatic disease. PMID- 7224851 TI - [Hematological and hematochemical signs in the diagnosis of chronic alcoholism in its early stages]. AB - Lab tests designed to reveal the presence of pathological liver and haemopoietic organ alterations were run in 72 alcohol addicts. It was found that chronic alcoholism is more often accompanied by hypoazotaemia (90.28% of cases), increased globular volume (90.28%), increased IgA (85%), decreased blood transferrin (95.45%), and increase Ig A: blood transferrin ratio (90%) than by other signs. Liver biopsy and sternal puncture, together with gastroendoscopy, showed that these signs are constant and early evidence of initial anatomical and functional damage to the liver and blood production organs due to alcohol. PMID- 7224852 TI - [Clinical observations on alcoholic cardiomyopathy]. AB - The Authors have followed several cases of alcoholic patients and studied their cardiocirculatory conditions, pointing out the fundamental differences between the Anglo-saxon alcoholic described by Evans and the Mediterranean patient observed and studied in our hospitals. Tachycardia, in a subject that presents, at first, a heart of normal dimension, is an element commonly observed. In the course of time electrocardiographic alterations may appear in the ventricular repolarization and therefore an expansion of the cardiac area and insufficient pumping. It is not common to find pure forms of this disease that more often is a concomitant factor for the rising of myocardium infirmities with remarkable contractile insufficiency. In other cases, however, and this has no valid justification, the alcoholic patient, though presenting remarkable liver damage, does not show signs of heart implication. In the light of this knowledge, we stress the utility of educating the alcoholic patient to the just evaluation of the poison he is ingesting. PMID- 7224853 TI - [New trends in the clinical use of platelet transfusions]. AB - Reference is made to the indications for platelet transfusions, the way in which they are prepared, and the criteria used in assessment of their therapeutic results. PMID- 7224854 TI - [Exchange transfusion in the newborn infant]. AB - Total transfusion practice in hospitals is examined and reference is made to the methods regarded as indispensable in avoiding damage to the newborn. PMID- 7224855 TI - [Mesenteric cyst. Presentation of 2 cases, one with secondary intestinal occlusion]. AB - Following a broad review of the rarity and unusual nature of the condition, two cases of mesenteric cysts are reported. The first was seen in a girl in whom onset involved a picture of acute intestinal occlusion secondary to the development of mesenteric cyst. This was treated by demolition surgery because of the cyst's close links with adjacent structures. The second cases was seen in a woman. In this case it was possible to remove the cyst conservatively. In the light of experience also, anatomo-clinical study of the cases forms the basis for some conclusions on the pathogenetic problem of mesenteric on the pathogenetic problem of mesenteric cysts, congenital or acquired expressions of lymphatic flow decompensation. PMID- 7224856 TI - [Peduncular hallucinosis in a young woman with vertebrobasilar insufficiency based on severe hypoplasia of a vertebral artery, demonstrated angiographically]. AB - A clinical case of peduncular hallucinosis due to circulatory insufficiency of the cerebral trunk is reported. Angiography revealed marked hypoplasia of a vertebral artery. The patient presented changes to sleep-arousal rhythms and neurological signs with focus involving the cerebral trunk. The patient took an emotional part in her visual hallucinations even though she was aware that they were only hallucinations. A review of the literature on the subject follows. PMID- 7224857 TI - [Cerebral thrombophlebitis as the expression of disseminated intravasal coagulopathy in pregnancy. Presentation of a clinical case]. AB - A case of cerebral thrombophlebitis that arose during pregnancy is presented. The aetiology of this form is discussed and its relation to placental pathology and disseminated intravasal coagulopathy. PMID- 7224858 TI - [Vascular spiders, palmar erythema and Dupuytren's contracture in alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis. Clinical-statistical contribution]. AB - Vascular spiders, palmar erythema and Dupuytren's contracture had been studied in four groups of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatic alcoholic involvement without cirrhosis, alcoholism without hepatic involvement, extrahepatic diseases without alcoholism. these cutaneous lesions had been observed more frequently in alcoholic cirrhosis, with an incidence of 72%, 38%, 24% respectively. Vascular spiders, palmar erythema and Dupuytren's contracture appeared related to the hepatic involvement from alcoholism rather than to the alcoholism by oneself. In the alcoholic cirrhosis the Dupuytren's contracture affected patients younger than those of the others groups and had been influenced from the association of diabetes mellitus, but not from the occupational activity. PMID- 7224859 TI - [Chylous ascites. A case report]. AB - The Authors report a recent personal case of chylous ascites associated to metastatic carcinoma of body's pancreas, because of uncommon absolute occurrence of this clinical manifestation. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems are discussed on the ground of the remarks from the review of medical literature. PMID- 7224860 TI - Influence of immunosuppressive treatment of Borna Disease in rabbits. AB - A total of 72 Borna Disease virus infected rabbits were treated with different concentrations of cyclophosphamide, glucocorticoids or both in combination. Comparison with untreated, infected rabbits showed a drastic alteration in the clinical picture, a considerable prolongation of the survival time, and differences in weight and body temperature during the course of the disease. The immunosuppressed animals had no or low amounts of antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid, but they harbored infectious virus and high amounts of specific antigen in the brain. A quotient of the relative amount of antibodies and antigen never exceeded 0.20 and was significantly lower than in untreated rabbits. Immunohistologically, differences in location and distribution of antigen as compared to positive untreated animals could not be detected. In the immunosuppressed animals perivascular infiltrates were not observed in the different regions of the brain. PMID- 7224862 TI - Electrical injury. PMID- 7224861 TI - Morphological and biological properties of a new coronavirus associated with diarrhea in infant mice. AB - Biological and morphological properties of a virus, isolated from the intestine of infant mice with clinical signs of diarrhea and designated as diarrhea virus of infant mice (DVIM), were examined. The first infective virus was detected on the cells 4 hours post infection, followed by rapid release of the virus into the culture fluids. Virus-induced syncytia in BALB/c-3T3 cell cultures caused hemadsorption at 4 degrees C and viral antigens were shown to be located in the cytoplasm of the syncytia by immunofluorescent techniques. By scanning electron microscopy, budding virus-like particles were detected on the surface of virus induced syncytia. Morphologically the virus was shown to be enveloped and approximately 100 nm in diameter. Two types of projections were demonstrated, one type of projection was club-shaped, 20 nm in length and the other type was small, granular, 5 nm in length. The latter type of projection might be the basal part of the club-shaped type and related to the hemagglutinating activity. PMID- 7224863 TI - Mallory-Weiss syndrome. PMID- 7224864 TI - The fragile X chromosome mental retardation and large testes. PMID- 7224865 TI - Management of the chronic pain patient. PMID- 7224866 TI - Results of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in Phoenix. PMID- 7224867 TI - Radiology. Case of the month No. 47: Bilateral adrenal metastasis. PMID- 7224868 TI - Observation of the alert, conscious patient with closed head injury. PMID- 7224869 TI - Current concepts of cutaneous melanoma. PMID- 7224870 TI - Surgical management of post-infarction aneurysm of the cardiac ventricle. PMID- 7224871 TI - Adult shunt ascites. PMID- 7224872 TI - Marfan syndrome and similar genetic disorders. I. The Marfan syndrome. PMID- 7224874 TI - Key concepts in identifying the alcoholic. PMID- 7224873 TI - Pediatric solid tumors II: Rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 7224875 TI - "Mature" pancreatic pseudocyst, incidental large right renal cyst. PMID- 7224876 TI - A current view of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7224877 TI - [Kidney cancer (modern concepts of its histogenesis, nomenclature and classification)]. AB - Using their own and literature data the authors recommend that malignant epithelial renal tumors be termed as "renal carcinoma" or "renal cell carcinoma". The term "hypernephroid carcinoma" which is of only historical importance may be used as a synonym of clear cell renal carcinoma. Designation of all forms of renal carcinoma by the general term "renal adenocarcinoma" does not reflect all the diversity of structure of malignant epithelial renal tumors. This term may be used only in those cases where the "glandular" structure of the tumor is adequately evident. Four main forms of renal carcinoma may be distinguished according to the predominant morphological characteristics: clear-cell, granular cell spindle-cell (sarcoma-like), and glandular (adenocarcinoma proper). According to the authors' data, 41% of renal carcinomas are represented by mixed forms. PMID- 7224878 TI - [Follicular thyroid gland cancer (differential diagnosis of follicular adenoma)]. AB - The histological structure of highly and lowly differentiated variants of follicular carcinoma is described. The invasion of the capsule and blood vessels remains the absolute criterion in the evaluation of the degree of malignancy of the struma, but the search for it is quite long, requires examination of large amount of specimens, and is far from being always successful. The test of sex chromatin (SC) which characterises the rate of tumor tissue growth is suggested for differential diagnosis of highly differentiated forms of FC and follicular adenomas. The SC content in follicular adenomas is on the average higher by 10% than in follicular and papillary carcinomas. SC bodies may be counted in any laboratory within a short time. PMID- 7224879 TI - [Morphological changes in the lungs in the early recovery period after clinical death from acute blood loss depending on the method of its compensation]. AB - Pathomorphological changes in the lungs in the period of clinical death due to acute blood loss and within 1 1/2--2 hours of resuscitation using intraarterial, intravenous, and intraosteal routes for blood loss substitution were studied in dogs. In the period of clinical death significant changes in the lung morphology were observed (capillary plethora, sludge, leukostasis, hemorrhages, fat embolism, irregular aeration of pneumonic tissue), in the early postresuscitation period the intensity of the changes varied in relation to the method of blood loss substitution. The above-mentioned methods are compared. PMID- 7224880 TI - [Changes in the contractile myocardium in acute rhythm disorders]. AB - Experiments in rabbits were carried out to study the morphology of contractile myocardium in arrhythmias caused by electric stimulation of previously intact myocardium (1st group) and in those caused by inhalation of ammonia steam against the background of exogenous poisoning with barium chloride (2nd group). Morphological lesions of contractile myocardium consisting in granular an vacuolar dystrophy at 1--3 days of the experiment and focal myocytolysis at 7 days were demonstrated. In animals of the 2nd group, morphological lesions in the myocardium were more severe and by the 7th day of the experiment included both focal myocytolysis and contracture alterations. Changes in the blood vessels of the microcirculation bed were similar in both groups consisting of vascular spasm followed by paresis, plethora, diapedetic hemorrhages and early signs of thrombus formation. The latter was observed earlier in animals of the 2nd group. The observed morphological changes in contractile myocardium may be regarded as one of the forms on non-coronarogenic myocardiopathies. PMID- 7224882 TI - [Structural changes in the heart vessels in experimental ductus arteriosus and their reversibility after elimination of the defect]. PMID- 7224881 TI - [Structural and functional changes in the liver in chronic recurrent cholecystitis]. AB - Destructive, inflammatory and sclerotic alterations of the hepatic tissue, increased content of lipid inclusions, lysosomes and microbodies in hepatocytes, vesiculation of the endoplasmic reticulum and depletion of ribosomal granules in it were revealed by morphological examinations of liver samples from the gall bladder bed from patients will rarely, frequently and continuously recurring chronic cholecystitis. A relationship between resorption of lipid structures, content of lysosomes and microbodies, and glycogen accumulation in hepatic cells was found. The destructive morphological changes correlated with reduced capacity of the liver to absorb radioactive label, an increase of alanine transaminase level in the blood, and decreased oxidative processes in the mitochondrial fraction of the liver. The results of the study attest to the involvement of the liver in the pathological process in accord with the rate of cholecystitis recurrency. PMID- 7224883 TI - [Thyroid morphofunctional characteristics in the dynamics of experimental alimentary obesity]. PMID- 7224884 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 7224885 TI - [Effect of propafenon on sinus node function]. PMID- 7224887 TI - [True isovolumic relaxation time. Preliminary study]. PMID- 7224886 TI - [Phonomechanographic systolic variables in the left ventricle in progressive muscular dystrophy (Duchenne form)]. PMID- 7224888 TI - [Contrast study with bidimensional echocardiography in patients with interatrial and interventricular septal defects]. PMID- 7224889 TI - [Development of the ductus arteriosus in obstructive lesions of the outlet chamber of the right ventricle]. PMID- 7224890 TI - [Epidemiologic study of sudden death in adults from 15 to 74 years of age in the city of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 7224891 TI - [Unusual fracture of the sutureless epimyocardial electrode. A case report]. PMID- 7224892 TI - [Organized subepicardial hematoma following thoracic contusion simulating left ventricle aneurysm]. PMID- 7224893 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse - symposium]. PMID- 7224894 TI - [Critical analysis and results of cardioplegia as a method of myocardial preservation]. PMID- 7224895 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic effect of amiodarone - analysis through quantitative dynamic electrocardiography (the Holter system)]. PMID- 7224896 TI - [Topography of cardiac pain in uniarterial obstructions]. PMID- 7224897 TI - [Normal cinecoronariography in patients with angina pectoris. Study of 354 cases]. PMID- 7224898 TI - [Chronic cardiac form of chagas disease in dogs]. PMID- 7224899 TI - [Non-invasive evaluation of heart involvement in Steinert's disease]. PMID- 7224900 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in professional athletes. III. Ventricular repolarization anomalies]. PMID- 7224902 TI - [Anatomopathological aspects of infectious myocarditis. Analysis of 80 cases subjected to necropsy]. PMID- 7224901 TI - [Axial projections in the angiographic demonstration of lesions of the trunk and proximal segments of the left coronary artery]. PMID- 7224903 TI - [Electrocardiographic diagnosis of right ventricle perforation by a catheter electrode in patients with permanent artificial pacemaker]. PMID- 7224904 TI - [Ischemic cardiopathy and myocardial bridging--considerations on 2 cases]. PMID- 7224905 TI - [Acute cardiac tamponade as an initial symptom of a spinocellular carcinoma]. PMID- 7224906 TI - [Classification of congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 7224907 TI - [Controversies and practical applications of the ergometric test]. PMID- 7224908 TI - Role of platelets in vasogenic brain edema. I. Significance of thrombus formation in the damaged vessels. AB - In an investigation of the role of platelets in vasogenic edema in cats, direct observation of the cortex revealed that within several minutes after cold injury, platelet thrombi formed in small veins at the point where the veins emerged from the depths of the brain. Later, edema fluid extravasated from the veins at this same point. Pretreatment with a platelet inhibitor, RA-233, abolished the formation of platelet thrombi and remarkably enhanced the leakage of edema fluid. The microcirculation was assessed by carbon black perfusion and was found to fill better in the cats that received the platelet inhibitor. The better filling may be ascribed to a decreased number of thrombi and consequent improved blood flow in small blood vessels. We conclude that platelet aggregates play a major role in controlling the leakage of edema fluid after cold injury. PMID- 7224909 TI - Erythrocytes in muscular dystrophy. Investigation with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) signals were recorded from intact human erythrocytes for 16 hours. Total phosphate concentration, which was estimated as the sum of the individual 31P signals, was 25% lower in erythrocytes from men with myotonic dystrophy than in control erythrocytes. The inorganic phosphate fraction contained the highest average phosphate concentration over the 16-hour period, and made the major contribution to the difference in total phosphate between the two groups. This result was not observed in erythrocytes from either women with myotonic dystrophy or patients with Duchenne's dystrophy and may be due to a change in cell membrane permeability to inorganic phosphate, which leads to lower steady-state concentrations of the intracellular phosphates. PMID- 7224910 TI - Auditory brainstem responses in postconcussion syndrome. AB - Evidence that head injuries can shear nerve fibers and end bulbs in the tracts between the diencephalon and brainstem led us to hypothesize that auditory brainstem responses might be abnormal in patients with postconcussion syndrome. We recorded brainstem responses in 11 patients and 12 control subjects. Comparing the two populations, our chief finding was that the patients showed significant delays for wave 3. This finding indicates organic changes involving a region at least as central as the superior olivary complex, thus refuting many authors' claims that the syndrome is entirely psychogenic. PMID- 7224912 TI - Neurogenic benign fasciculations, pseudomyotonia, and pseudotetany. A disease in search of a name. AB - We studied two patients with abnormal spontaneous muscular activity. The first had widespread fasciculations, painful spasms, delayed muscular relaxation, and hyperhidrosis. Improvement occurred after several years. The second case had generalized paresthesia, mild stiffness, a positive result from Trusseau's test, and was relieved by administration of carbamazepine. Both patients had abnormal conduction velocity. Examination of muscle biopsy specimens disclosed fiber type grouping and increased collateral ramification of motor axons. These observations exemplify symptoms and signs that resemble those of myotonia and tetany and occasionally occur in partial denervation. they provide additional evidence of the neurogenic nature of Isaacs-Mertens syndrome. PMID- 7224911 TI - Muscle adenylate deaminase deficiency. Report of six new cases. AB - We describe six adult patients (five men and one woman) out of 364 whose muscle biopsy specimens disclosed muscle adenylate deaminase deficiency. Two men had an associated dermatomyositis and another man had an associated progressive systemic sclerosis. Although the patients were different clinically, all complained of muscular weakness or poor exercise tolerance. The occurrence of muscle adenylate deaminase deficiency in both sexes suggests a possible autosomal mode of inheritance. PMID- 7224913 TI - Cysticercosis of the nervous system. Treatment by means of specific internal radiation. AB - Five hundred patients with cysticercosis of the nervous system were evaluated by scanning that used anti-Cysticercus antibodies labeled with indium 113. The same antibodies, labeled with iodine 131, were used for radioimmunotreatment. Ninety six percent of the patients had good or excellent results, whereas only 4% had poor results. None of the patients showed intolerance or radiotoxicity during three months of clinical and laboratory follow-up. The diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cysticercosis of the nervous system are dramatically changing, due to the development of anti-Cysticercus antibodies labeled with radionuclides. PMID- 7224914 TI - CSF levels of norepinephrine during alcohol withdrawal. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine (NE) levels were determined by radioenzymatic assay in 21 patients with a variety of neurological diseases and 49 patients in acute alcohol withdrawal. A second determination was made in 19 patients who had recovered from the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Cerebrospinal fluid NE concentration was higher in the patients during alcohol withdrawal (192.3 plus or minus 22.3 pg/mL) and decreased during recovery to 137.8 plus or minus 15.9 pg/mL. The CSF NE level was higher in both groups than in patients with other neurological disorders. This may help explain the adrenergic signs observed during alcohol withdrawal. PMID- 7224915 TI - Computerized tomography and adrenoleukomyeloneuropathy. AB - Five cases of adrenoleukomyeloneuropathy illustrate the differential computerized tomographic (CT) appearance of the disease subtypes adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN). In ALD, the CT is distinctive, reflecting predominant involvement of cerebral white matter. The CT in AMN may be nonspecifically abnormal since the spinal and peripheral white matter are mainly affected. Recognition of an obscure neurologic disease as a leukodystrophy may aid the clinician in designing appropriate biochemical testing and in categorizing the disease process. PMID- 7224916 TI - Ocular dipping in anoxic coma. AB - Patients with anoxic coma had a cyclic, downward dipping motion of the eyes. The sign is different from ocular bobbing, seizure-related eye deviation, oculogyric crisis, and roving eye movement. Its distinguishing characteristics are slow downward with rapid upward movement, a nadir at the extreme of downgaze, and spontaneous roving horizontal eye movements. Based on necropsy findings in one case and lesions of the basal ganglia evident on computerized tomographic scan in another, it is proposed that cortical dysfunction with damage to the basal ganglia may cause ocular dipping. PMID- 7224917 TI - Twins with Alzheimer's disease. AB - Twins of identical appearance were both affected by Alzheimer's senile dementia. In one, dementia began in her late 60s. She died at age 74. In the other, onset was at age 83. She died of ovarian carcinoma at age 85. The histopathologic findings of Alzheimer's disease were confirmed in both twin sisters. PMID- 7224918 TI - Cluster headache. Ultrastructural aspects and pathogenetic mechanisms. AB - The skin of both temples was examined ultrastructurally in six patients with cluster headaches and in three controls. An increased number of mast cells were present in the patients irrespective of whether they were in a cluster period or in a quiescent phase. The mast cells were found perivascularly and in the vicinity of cutaneous nerves in the patients, whereas they were predominantly found in perivascular areas in controls. Mast cell degranulation was not more prominent on the side of the pain and occasional degranulated mast cells were found in controls. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cluster headache is due to an axonal reflex in the trigeminal system, initiated perhaps by latent viral infection of IgE activation of mast cells. PMID- 7224919 TI - Removal of occipital arteriovenous malformations with sparing of visual fields. AB - Two patients with occipital lobe arteriovenous malformation (AVM) underwent two stage resection of their lesions. The intervals between operations were eight and 12 days. Prior to surgery, the patients had normal neuro-ophthalmologic examination results and both experienced a reversible homonymous hemianopsia after the initial, partial resection of the AVM. Frequent seizures with visual hallucinations developed in the early postoperative period, with gradual improvement of the visual field defect. The pattern and duration of visual disturbances and the nature of the visual field defects in each patient had similar characteristics. The second operation with complete resection of the AVMs left normal visual fields. PMID- 7224920 TI - Cerebral atheromatous embolism following carotid sinus pressure. AB - Complications of carotid sinus pressure, which are rare, include cardiac arrhythmias and cerebrovascular accidents. A 79-year-old man experienced a flaccid right hemiplegia one minute after left carotid sinus pressure. At necropsy, an atheromatous embolus occluded the left middle cerebral artery, resulting in hemorrhagic infarction in its vascular territory. Atheromatous embolism following carotid sinus pressure has not been previously documented. Most sudden stroke deficits following carotid sinus pressure are probably caused by this mechanism. PMID- 7224921 TI - Anomalous origin of the ophthalmic artery in a patient with amaurosis fugax. AB - Ectopic origin of the ophthalmic artery from the middle meningeal artery was found in a patient with amaurosis fugax. The origin of the external carotid artery on the symptomatic side was markedly stenotic. The patient's symptoms disappeared after external carotid endarterectomy. We review the ectopic sites of the ophthalmic artery and discuss atheromatous disease of the external carotid system as a cause of transient ischemic attacks. PMID- 7224922 TI - Acute transverse myelitis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. AB - We examined a woman who had acute transverse myelopathy (ATM) associated with respiratory illness due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. To our knowledge, only one previously described case documented this relationship with serologic studies of spinal fluid. Since 16% to 35% of ATM patients experience antecedent respiratory illness, evidence of M pneumoniae infection should be sought in all cases. PMID- 7224923 TI - Problems in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 7224924 TI - Primary pontine hemorrhage with complete recovery. PMID- 7224925 TI - Spuriously elevated serum chloride values caused by pyridostigmine bromide. PMID- 7224926 TI - Persistent primitive trigeminal artery and ipsilateral acquired blepharoptosis. PMID- 7224927 TI - Control groups for multiple sclerosis tests. PMID- 7224930 TI - Adult inclusion conjunctivitis. Clinical characteristics and corneal changes. AB - Twenty-five consecutive cases of adult inclusion conjunctivitis were studied. Diagnosis was based on the finding of typical Halberstaedter-Prowazek inclusion bodies on conjunctival scrapings. Corneal involvement was common (20/25 patients); most frequent was superficial epithelial keratitis (15/25). Other changes seen included subepithelial nummular keratitis (6/25), marginal keratitis (2/25), (4/25). There seemed to be a predilection for involvement of the upper half of the cornea. Conjunctival scarring occurred in one patient only. Associated genitourinary symptoms were spontaneously reported in three patients only; however, on careful questioning, an additional 12 patients were found to have a history of urethritis or cervicitis. A comparison with viral follicular conjunctivitis is made. The location and pattern of keratopathy, associated genitourinary complaints, mucopurulent nature of discharge, and lack of response to standard topical therapy would seem to suggest chlamydial cause. Conjunctival scrapings are very helpful in differential diagnosis between viral and chlamydial conjunctivitis. PMID- 7224928 TI - Hypokalemic periodic paralysis or hypokalemic muscle weakness? PMID- 7224929 TI - Optic nerve sheath meningioma. PMID- 7224931 TI - Photosensitivity to sulfisoxazole ointment. AB - A 35-year-old man demonstrated sulfisoxazole diolamine-induced photosensitivity during treatment for staphylococcal blepharitis. This reaction was easily avoided by applying the ointment at bedtime and covering the eyelids during sun-bathing while in therapy. A drug-induced photosensitivity reaction should be considered in cases of staphylococcal blepharitis resistant to or aggravated by eyelid margin therapy with sulfonamides. PMID- 7224932 TI - Radiation therapy in and about the retina, optic nerve, and anterior visual pathway. Psychophysical assessment. AB - Visual changes may develop in patients receiving radiation therapy for malignant neoplasms in and about the optic nerve and anterior visual pathway. Cases have been studied using a series of psychophysical tests, including kinetic perimetry, increment threshold determinations, Flashing Repeat Static Test, and sustained- and transient-like functions. A characteristic time-dependent reduction in sensitivity has been identified in these patients. This finding, in addition to the presence of nerve fiber bundle defects, appears to place the pathologic changes in the axon of the ganglion cell posterior to the lamina cribrosa. Any change in the sustained- and transient-like functions, the organization of which appears to be in the neural retina, was seen only if a concomitant radiation retinopathy was identified. PMID- 7224933 TI - The adjustable Harada-Ito procedure. AB - In four patients with superior oblique palsy, symptomatic excyclotorsion was present without a substantial vertical deviation. Surgery of anteriorizing and lateralizing the anterior fibers of the superior oblique tendon on an adjustable suture was performed (adjustable Harada-Ito procedure). the morning after surgery, adjustment of the suture was made to eliminate the torsional deviation. The suture was loosened when an overcorrection was present and was tightened when an undercorrection was present. Follow-up varied from two to 20 months. All patients remained free of torsional symptoms and no vertical deviation was induced. In addition, the eyes operated on had no limitation of elevation in adduction. The technique allows the surgeon to more exactly adjust the advanced fibers of the superior oblique tendon so as to minimize or eliminate the excyclotorsion and eliminate symptomatic complaints. PMID- 7224934 TI - Sinus involvement in inflammatory orbital pseudotumor. AB - Orbital pseudotumor is a difficult diagnosis to establish preoperatively. The relationship between sinus disease and orbital pseudotumor is controversial. We describe two patients with unilateral proptosis, diplopia, palpable orbital masses, ocular discomfort, and sinus problems of short duration. Echographically, both had low reflective masses in the orbit and the adjacent sinuses. Roentgenograms and echograms were interpreted as showing erosion of the bony orbital wall. A presumptive diagnosis of sinus malignant neoplasm with orbital extension was made. Sinus histopathologic examination in one case and nasal histopathologic examination in the other showed chronic inflammatory changes compatible with the diagnosis of pseudotumor. At orbitotomy, one patient had vessels communicating between the orbital and sinus lesions, and both patients had irregular pitting of the bone next to the histologically proved orbital pseudotumors. The lytic erosive changes predicted preoperatively were not present. Simultaneous orbital and sinus pseudotumors seem to be a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Those concerned with the diagnosis and management of orbital disease should be aware of this entity. PMID- 7224935 TI - Lid splitting and posterior lamella cryosurgery for congenital and acquired distichiasis. AB - Congenital distichiasis is a rare condition with an accessory row of lashes at the Meibomian gland orifices. We suggest "acquired distichiasis" as an appropriate term for the accessory row of lashes in or near the Meibomian gland orifices, occurring as a result of such conditions as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular pemphigoid, or chemical and physical injuries. We report a new treatment technique in which the eyelid is divided along the gray line then followed by cryotherapy to the posterior lid lamella. This removes the distichiatic lashes without damaging the normal lashes in the anterior lid lamella and avoids depigmentation. Histologic examination demonstrates the aberrant lashes result from a metaplasia of tissues in or around the Meibomian glands. Thirteen eyelids with acquired distichiasis and four eyelids with congenital distichiasis have been followed up for eight to 48 months. All have been greatly improved. PMID- 7224936 TI - Development of myelin in human optic nerve and tract. A light and electron microscopic study. AB - The early development of myelin in human optic nerve and tract was studied in plastic-embedded material from post-mortem examinations of 18 infants and children. Specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy, and a good correlation was found between the data obtained by the two techniques. The characteristic lamellae of myelin were first seen around a few fibers of tract and intracranial optic nerve at 32 weeks of gestation. By term, these myelin sheaths had become thicker, and a majority of the nerve fibers had become myelinated. In the optic nerve near the globe, myelin was first seen at term and virtually all fibers were myelinated by 7 months of age. Significant increases in sheath thickness were seen in the first two years, and modest increases were found thereafter. These results are in agreement with earlier observations that, in the optic nerve, myelination proceeds from the brain toward the eye. The present data suggest that a significant amount of myelination in the human optic nerve occurs after a full-term (40-week) gestation, during a period of rapid postnatal visual development. PMID- 7224937 TI - Effects of timolol on bovine corneal endothelial cultures. AB - The chronic use of timolol (Timoptic) maleate to control glaucoma may produce cytotoxic complications in the cornea. We have therefore compared the relative toxic effects of the commercial ophthalmic preparation with that of the pure compound. Commercial vehicle, either with or without 16 mM timolol maleate, killed cultures within the first five minutes of exposure. Pure timolol maleate, however, caused rapid but reversible cellular contractions, and cells remained viable in it for over 24 hours. Dilution with culture medium reduced both the cytotoxicity and the speed of the contractions. Incubation in 1:100 dilutions of vehicle or commercial drug preparations or in 0.16 mM pure timolol maleate did not alter cellular morphology. The results indicate that while undiluted vehicle is toxic, timolol maleate is not. PMID- 7224938 TI - Maculopathy in cynomolgus monkeys. A correlated fluorescein angiographic and ultrastructural study. AB - Maculae of seven cynomolgus macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) showing abnormalities in color fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms were studied in serial sections by light and electron microscopy and compared with three eyes without clinically visible defects in the macula. Maculae that showed hyperfluorescent nonleaking window defects showed no drusen or interruptions in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Six of these monkeys had mis-shapen foveal depressions, all showed some degree of photoreceptor degeneration, and one had cells in Bruch's membrane. Bright yellow spots correlated with scattered RPE filled with lipid vacuoles. Shallow RPE elevations correlated with diffuse nonleaking window defects. Patches of RPE deficient in melanin occurred at sites of hyperfluorescence. Quantitative studies showed that maculae with window defects had more lipofuscin and less melanin per RPE cell. Maculae deemed normal by photography showed degenerating photoreceptors. PMID- 7224939 TI - Medroxyprogesterone on corneal ulceration. Its effects after alkali burns on rabbits. AB - The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment in preventing or retarding corneal ulceration after alkali burns was studied in rabbits in an attempt to correlate dose and response. The eyes were treated for 21 days with a 0.01% or 1% suspension administered topically four times a day or medroxyprogesterone acetate, 4 mg or 30 mg, given subconjunctivally on alternate days. None of these regimens was noticeably effective, although at times there was a trend toward retarding ulceration. Thus, it was not possible to confirm earlier reports of substantial efficacy of medroxyprogesterone. Corneal stroma with epithelial defects and/or ulcers persistently showed infiltration with neutrophils in the superficial stroma within the epithelial defect, implicating the tears as the source of the inflammatory cells. PMID- 7224940 TI - Topical flurbiprofen or prednisolone. Effect on corneal wound healing in rabbits. AB - Flurbiprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) agent currently undergoing clinical investigation. Anti-inflammatory steroids have long been known to delay the healing of corneal stromal wounds. This was designed to compare the effects of equipotent anti-inflammatory doses of flurbiprofen and of prednisolone acetate on the inflammation and the healing (as measured by the wound bursting pressure) or 4-mm through-and-through incisions treated four times a day for ten postoperative days. The results suggest that flurbiprofen and prednisolone are not different in their effect on both postoperative inflammation and postoperative wound healing. Since NSAI agents and steroids inhibit prostaglandin formation at different enzymatic steps, it is possible that prostaglandins not only are responsible for postoperative inflammation but also are required for postoperative wound healing. PMID- 7224941 TI - In vivo photomicrography of the crystalline lens. AB - We describe a technique and apparatus for observing and photographing the crystalline lens in vivo and in the enucleated eye. Magnifications of x25 to x100 are easily obtainable on the film plane. The method is suitable for diagnostic observation and clinical research on cataract formation and prevention in humans, as well as for animal experimentation studies. PMID- 7224942 TI - Timolol and glaucoma. PMID- 7224943 TI - Pars planitis--a demyelinating disease? PMID- 7224945 TI - Osteopetrosis of the temporal bone. AB - Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary disorder of bone development. We examined the right temporal bone of a 17-year-old boy with recessive osteopetrosis and a conductive hearing loss and describe the histopathologic characteristics. The conductive deafness in this case was caused primarily by recurrent otitis media. PMID- 7224944 TI - Meniere's disease and the summating potential. II. Vestibular test results. AB - Results of electronystagmographic (ENG) position and bithermal caloric tests from patients with abnormally enlarged summating potentials (SPs) were compared with results from a unilateral weakness (UW)-matched ENG-comparison group and with a group of patients with unilateral cochlear deficits and dizziness but without enlarged SPs. The patients with enlarged SPs had significantly higher incidence of caloric UW on the involved side than did the patients with cochlear deficits but without enlarged SPs. Also, the patients with SP enlargement had a significantly higher incidence of directional preponderance toward the involved side than did either of the comparison groups. Across-group differences in position test results were predictable from the caloric test results, but these differences were not statistically significant. PMID- 7224946 TI - The use of povidone-iodine to prevent postoperative wound infection. AB - A retrospective analysis of the use of povidone-iodine in the prevention of postoperative wound infections was done. Fifty consecutive patients who underwent major head and neck procedures involving the oral cavity or pharynx were studied. Time-honored techniques were used, including underflap suction and perioperative antibiotics. Immediately before skin closure, the operative wound was irrigated with povidone-iodine solution. There was one minor postoperative infection, with no fistulas, wound dehiscence, or other complications. The single wound infection cleared with simple drainage. This infection rate of 2% compares favorably with those previously reported in the literature. PMID- 7224947 TI - Low-dose topical atropine for rhinorrhea. AB - One hundred years ago, atropine sulfate was commonly used to treat rhinorrhea. Atropine sulfate was applied topically at a dose of approximately 0.08 mg to each nostril in seven patients with rhinorrhea caused by allergic rhinitis and in 24 patients with rhinorrhea caused by viral rhinitis. All but one of the 31 patients had symptomatic relief. Twenty-four of the 31 patients showed a visible decrease in secretions, and three patients showed an obvious vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels. None of the patients experienced any of the side effects of atropine. Since this was a one-dose pilot study, there are no data available on possible rebound or chemical rhinitis effects. PMID- 7224948 TI - Endoscopic surgery of the nasal fontanel. A new approach to recurrent sinusitis. AB - For the treatment of recurrent maxillary sinusitis, the middle meatus offers a good site to make an extra ostium, ie, the posterior nasal fontanel. The fontanel is situated near the natural maxillary ostium in the middle meatus, and this site is a more physiologic place, therefore, to create an antrostomy compared with the inferior meatus. Moreover, a surgical ostium has little inclination to become obliterated in this area. A special instrument was designed to perforate the fontanel. Nasoendoscopy gives an excellent view of the area and makes it possible to avoid complications. PMID- 7224949 TI - Serous extravasation granuloma. A parotid mass. AB - A new benign lesion of the parotid gland, the serous extravasation granuloma, occurred as a unilateral, painless parotid mass. Histologically, the mass was outlined by a fibrous capsule within which there was granulation tissue that was admixed with histiocytes and giant cells of a foreign-body type with abundant PAS positive granules in their cytoplasm. Atrophic duct spaces and microsialoliths occurred within the lesion. Trauma to the parotid gland was the proposed origin. PMID- 7224950 TI - Abnormal laryngeal vocal quality in ectodermal dysplasia. AB - Breathy vocal quality was verified in five of nine patients with the ectrodactyly -ectodermal dysplasia--cleft palate syndrome, nine of 15 patients with either suspected or confirmed anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (one case of partial expression), and one of two siblings with the Rapp-Hodgkin form of ectodermal dysplasia. Indirect laryngoscopy in eight of the breathy patients failed to show phonatory glottal chinks or any overt laryngeal pathologic conditions, but it did indicate absence of a normal mucosal covering of the folds. Limited spectrographic studies disclosed widely spaced voicing striations and also suggested prolonged voice onset times. Patients who exhibit breathy vocal quality in the presence of one of these ectodermal dysplasias should be counseled with regard to the advisability of longitudinal care and the avoidance of habitual use of increased vocal effort level. PMID- 7224951 TI - Functional upper airway obstruction. A new syndrome. AB - Functional airway obstruction is an uncommon condition that must be considered in adults with apparent airway distress. The disorder is characterized by stridor without abnormal physical findings on laryngeal examination other than intense vocal cord adduction. Three patients had functional upper airway obstruction documented by objective criteria. In each case the respiratory embarrassment was severe enough to warrant tracheostomy. A thorough search for systemic causes did not reveal an organic etiologic factor. Psychiatric evaluation demonstrated psychological disorders in each case. Functional airway obstruction represents an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of airway obstruction in the adult. PMID- 7224952 TI - Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula after external ethmoid-sphenoid surgery. Clinical course and management. AB - The occurrence of a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula following transethmoidal sphenoid sinus surgery is unusual. The etiology of this complication is related to the variations in anatomic position of the carotid artery and in the thickness of bone overlying the artery in the lateral sinus wall. In the case reported herein, the clinical course was complicated by the development of cranial nerve palsies and ocular ischemia. The patient's symptoms worsened following an attempted to close the fistula with a microcatheter balloon and isobutyl cyanoacrylate embolization. Dramatic improvement in the patient's condition was obtained by subsequent occlusion of the carotid artery on the side of the fistula with a microcatheter balloon. PMID- 7224953 TI - Complications of internal jugular vein catheterization. AB - Percutaneous cannulation of the internal jugular vein has become a widely accepted method for monitoring central venous pressure, hyperalimentation, and rapid fluid administration. Although complications from this procedure have been rare, many unusual case reports are found in the literature. Three cases of otolaryngologic importance are presented. A revised technique of the internal jugular vein catheterization is described. PMID- 7224954 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of cervical abscess and jugular vein thrombosis. A complication of intravenous drug abuse in the neck. AB - Cervical abscess and internal jugular vein thrombosis occurred in a 36-year-old man with a history of drug abuse. Computed tomography (CT) and angiography correctly identified the pathologic abnormalities that were surgically confirmed. We stress the use of CT in the evaluation of this condition. PMID- 7224955 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia of the external ear canal. AB - Angioblastic lymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, or Kimura's disease, is a clinically and histopathologically recognized entity that is characterized by cutaneous nodules, proliferating blood vessels with atypical histiocyte-like endothelial cells, and numerous eosinophils. It has been treated with steroids and by surgical excision, irradiation, cryotherapy, and electrodesiccation. Persistent residual disease and local recurrence are frequent. We review the literature and report two cases that involve the ear. We present the histopathologic and clinical results of laser removal of a conchal and external canal lesion. PMID- 7224956 TI - Pathologic quiz Case 1: Parotid lymphangioma (cystic type). PMID- 7224957 TI - Pathologic quiz Case 2: Tonsil showing only slight lymphocytic hyperplasia. PMID- 7224958 TI - Acoustic reflex hyperactivity in an infant with meningitis. PMID- 7224959 TI - Tympanostomy tubes. PMID- 7224960 TI - Use of trapezius myocutaneous flaps in the reconstruction of head and neck defects. AB - The trapezius myocutaneous flap of skin and muscle has, as its major blood supply, the superficial branch of the transverse cervical vessels, which is used as a pedicle. The flap may include the scapular spine as a viable bone graft for mandibular defects. Anatomic and surgical experiences have verified the feasibility of using this flap. The intended vascular pedicle arises separately from the subclavian artery in 25% of these cases. Surgical results using the flap have been excellent. Above the level of the mandible, the flap may lack adequate length. It has been used with success to repair the tongue, floor of the mouth, pharyngeal wall, and skin surface. It is particularly impressive as a method of repairing mandibular defects. PMID- 7224961 TI - Arthrotomography of the temporomandibular joint. AB - Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction may cause facial or aural pain. Conventional roentgenograms are useful to define bony pathologic conditions. However, TMJ arthrotomography may disclose joint meniscus abnormalities in two thirds of patients with persistent dysfunction despite normal roentgenograms. PMID- 7224964 TI - Positive middle ear pressure shown by tympanometry. AB - The incidence and implications of positive middle ear pressure shown by tympanometry have been sparsely reported in the literature. A series of 13 patients (16 ears) exhibited middle ear pressures that exceeded +49 mm H2O. Clinical, otoscopic, audiologic, and pathologic findings are reviewed. Otalgia or fullness and pharyngitis were the most commonly reported symptoms. Acute middle ear pathologic conditions were otoscopically confirmed in 13 ears. Effusion was present in five of six ears that were selected for myringotomy. The clinical implications of positive middle ear pressure would be particularly important when screening in a nonmedical setting and in the examination of infants. These findings are also important for considering the role of positive middle ear pressure in the pathogenesis of otitis media. PMID- 7224963 TI - Evaluation of Eustachian tube function by contrast roentgenography. AB - Contrast roentgenography and cineroentgenography were carried out on nine patients with perforated eardrums to reveal the opening process of the Eustachian tube and its pumping-like clearance function in human beings. The results were as follows: (1) the tubal lumen opens along the cartilaginous part of the tube owing to the outward displacement of its lateral wall; (2) the pumping function of the tube consists in two phases: accumulation of the fluid in the tube by tensor contraction and discharge of the fluid by tensor relaxation. PMID- 7224962 TI - Cochlear abnormalities in Alport's syndrome. AB - The cochleae of four patients with a diagnosis or suspicion of Alport's syndrome were examined by microdissection and surface preparations. Strial atrophy, found in all cases, was most pronounced in the middle and apical turns and mainly involved the inferior margin of the stria. Numerous vacuoles were seen in the spiral ligament behind the atrophic stria. The youngest patient, aged 16 years, who had little or no hearing loss, showed limited hair cell degeneration. The other two patients had severe hearing loss and extensive sensory cell loss of unusual distribution. In the specimens from the second patient, the extent of hair cell loss was fairly even throughout, but the loss of inner hair cells was far more severe than the loss of outer hair cells. In the third case, the loss of outer hair cells was most pronounced in the apical half of the cochlea. All of these specimens had only a mild secondary nerve degeneration. The specimens from the fourth patient were poorly preserved and showed only nerve degeneration. PMID- 7224965 TI - Binaural masking-level differences in neurological disorders. AB - Binaural, speech detection masking-level differences (MLDs) were measured in 26 patients with documented brainstem and cerebral level lesions and in ten control subjects with normal hearing to determine the lesion's effects on the size of the MLD. Lesion level was determined on the basis of clinical findings, roentgenographic studies, auditory evoked potential recordings, and surgical findings when appropriate. Results showed there were no significant differences between MLDs of normal subjects and of patients with cerebral level or rostral pontine, midbrain, or thalamic level lesions, MLDs were significantly smaller than for other groups. Findings support the hypothesis that speech MLDs may originate from auditory centers at the pontomedullary region of the brainstem and may be a useful test to aid in the localization of central auditory dysfunction. PMID- 7224966 TI - Acoustic reflex crossover artifacts in infants and young children. AB - Crossover artifacts occur when the probe microphone of an impedance instrument directly responds to vibratory-acoustic energy that crosses the skull from the stimulus transducer on the contralateral ear. The resulting meter deflections are subjectively similar to and may be interpreted as actual acoustic reflexes (ARs) by unsuspecting examiners. In this study, infants and young children aged 10 days to 6 years 9 months were fit with earplugs to eliminate the AR and were examined for artifact incidence and threshold. Results indicate a high rate of occurrence of the crossover artifact in the youngest subjects, when probe tones of 220 and 660 Hz were used with stimuli of 500 and 1,000 Hz. Artifact thresholds were found as low as at a 92-dB hearing level, and an inverse relationship was shown between age and artifact incidence and threshold. PMID- 7224967 TI - Dependence of the auditory brainstem response on electrode location. AB - The human auditory brainstem electric response to right ear stimulation was studied for effects dependent on active electrode location. Recordings were made with the reference electrode located on the sternum and the ground electrode located on the nasion. Responses showed significant differences for electrodes that were located at two cephalic (left and right mastoid processes) and three non-cephalic (wrist and left and right sides of the neck) active locations. Components 1 to 6 (Jewett vertex potentials I to VI) were not identifiable at the wrist, but were consistent in polarity for all other (15) locations, apart from the right side of the neck and the right mastoid process, where components 1 and 3 showed polarity reversal. Components 1, 2, 3, and 5 were best recorded with the use of M2--Fz, T4, F4, and Cz locations, respectively. Taking into account all of the components responses were best recorded with the use of the M2--Pz differential electrode pair. PMID- 7224968 TI - Modification of the macaque's vestibulo-ocular reflex by picrotoxin. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in the macaque was tested by a modified Barany spinning test before and after subcutaneous administration of 1 mg/kg of picrotoxin. The drug caused a decrease in the nystagmus time constant to a value near that of the cupula and a decrease in mystagmus asymmetry. Picrotoxin prevented diazepam from increasing the time constant of vestibular nystagmus. Furthermore, picrotoxin reduced the nystagmus time constant after vermisectomy, a lesion that increases the nystagmus time constant and prevents some VOR modifications. Because picrotoxin and diazepam interact antagonistically in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system, these results show a role of GABA in the neural network that transforms a short cupula time constant into a longer nystagmus time constant. PMID- 7224969 TI - Asymptomatic intracochlear neurinoma. A temporal bone report. AB - A small intracochlear neurinoma was found in the temporal bone of a 54-year-old man who had no history of hearing loss or dizziness. The tumor was small, confined to the scala tympani, and did not visibly alter the tissues around it. The neurinoma was derived from the distal processes of the cochlear neuron. Intralabyrinthine tumors can cause auditory and vestibular symptoms and are difficult to diagnose. PMID- 7224970 TI - Phenytoin-induced lymphadenopathy appearing as a nasopharyngeal malignant neoplasm. AB - A case of phenytoin sodium-induced lymphadenopathy appeared as a nasopharyngeal malignant neoplasm with regional metastases. Cervical lymphadenopathy is a lesser known drug reaction that is produced by anticonvulsant therapy; under some circumstances, this condition may be confused with head and neck malignant neoplasms. To date, phenytoin-induced nasopharyngeal lymphadenopathy has not previously been reported in the literature. A review of the medical literature provides some interesting facts about the syndrome. A familiarity with this potential complication of anticonvulsant therapy may expedite early diagnosis and appropriate patient treatment. PMID- 7224971 TI - Heterotopic pharyngeal brain. AB - We report a case of heterotopic brain tissue in the oropharynx without connection to the CNS. We attempt to differentiate this developmental anomaly from encephaloceles and nasal gliomas, in which a communication with the CNS may lead to the development of postoperative meningitis. PMID- 7224973 TI - Appropriate name. PMID- 7224972 TI - Unilateral cleft lip. PMID- 7224974 TI - Is otology a diminishing specialty? PMID- 7224975 TI - [1980 proceedings of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. Part II. Proceedings]. PMID- 7224976 TI - Rise time of pure-tone stimuli in brain stem response audiometry. AB - In order to identify the area of a pure tone stimulus effective for evoking the auditory brain stem response (ABR), the amplitude, latency and detectability of the response were measured as a function of stimulus rise time with a fixed onset slope of a linear-shaped envelope. The test was performed on 8 normal adults with 2- and 0.5 -kHz tone pips at various intensity levels from 50 to 15 dB HL. The ABR was elicited by the very early part of the stimulus, and the succeeding part had little effect in eliciting the response, if the initial part was intense enough to evoke the response. At lower intensity levels, where the initial part did not reach an intensity level sufficient to evoke a full size response, a limited period of the succeeding part participated in evoking the response. The effective duration of the stimulus was estimated at 1.5 ms for 2 kHz and at 3 ms for 0.5 kHz. From these results, the authors propose that acceptable rise times of pure-tone stimuli for brain stem response audiometry are 3, 2, 1.5 and 1 ms for tone pips of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz, respectively. PMID- 7224977 TI - Slow brain stem responses (SN10) to tone pips in normally hearing newborns and adults. AB - The recently discovered slow negative brain stem response at 10 ms (SN10) was investigated as a tool for assessment of hearing in 20 newborns and 20 adults. Tone pips of 500, 1 000 and 2 000 Hz and a click were presented at 60, 40 and 20 dB re normal hearing level. The SN10 response varied systematically as a function of frequency and intensity. SN10 was not observed for all stimuli, but percentages of detection improved as frequency and intensity increased. Newborns demonstrated significantly longer latencies than adults for all stimuli. The results suggest that SN10 is a reliable indicator of peripheral hearing for frequencies of 1 000 Hz and higher. PMID- 7224978 TI - Auditory electrophysiology: findings in multiple sclerosis. AB - 15 patients suffering from definite multiple sclerosis were studied by electrocochleography (ECochG) and brain stem electric responses (BSER), including objective analysis of the electrophysiological data. In 7 patients, both ECochG and BSER were performed, in 2 only ECochG and in 6 only BSER. Systematic deviations from normative values were found in all 9 patients tested by ECochG, but the deviations occurred only at 75 dB pe SPL or below. Despite normal or near normal audiometric thresholds, the cochleae seemed to be involved. At click intensities of 95 dB pe SPL or higher, the BSER revealed a normal AP-V (Jewett) interval in all 13 patients tested. However, a deviant configuration of the BSER following the wave V complex was found in 6 of the 13 patients. The deviation is described as a dominant, relatively low-frequency component of the response. The discrepancies between these results and those reported in the literature indicate a strong need for applying methods that compensate for peripheral hearing dysfunctions and objective methods of analysis to identify and evaluate the various components of the evoked potentials. PMID- 7224979 TI - Test-retest stability and effects of psychophysical methods on the speech loudness discomfort level. AB - It is generally agreed that the saturation sound pressure level of a hearing aid should not exceed the patient's loudness discomfort level (LDL) for speech. This study investigated (1) the stability of the test and retest LDLs when obtained on different days using McCandless's and Berger's instructional sets and (2) the effects of a psychophysical method (adjustment versus limits) on the speech LDL using McCandless's instructions. Good reliability was observed since one-half of the listeners had test-retest differences of 2 dB or less and nearly all subjects obtained LDLs within 8 dB. The mean LDLs for the respective methods of adjustment and limits were 86.8 and 92.9 dB SPL, and statistically significant. Additionally, a significant interaction between the two methods was observed. The LDL measurement is also discussed in relation to other tests used to evaluate hearing aid performance. PMID- 7224980 TI - Prescription of gain-setting and prognosis for use and benefit of post-aural hearing aids. AB - Degree of hearing aid use, aid gain setting and the improvement given by the aid in a speech identification task were determined for a sample of post-aural hearing aid users. Measures of the spectral effects of gain settings received by individuals suggested that the poor frequency responses of the aids examined severely restricted the overall gain and hence the frequency range of useful gain. The outcome variables of use, gain and improvement in identification were each examined in relation to a selection of audiological predictor variables that would be easily obtained clinically. Multiple-regression analysis furnished equations accounting for a considerable proportion of the variance in gain setting and in use and for a moderate proportion of the variance in the identification improvement score. These results suggest that it is valid to predict use on an individual basis when determining the emphasis of rehabilitative programmes and it is helpful to predict gain for individuals when advising them on the gain setting to be attempted. The patterns of correlations obtained justify determining the speech detection threshold and the uncomfortable loudness level in order to predict a most comfortable level and when assessing the benefit and use of an aid. PMID- 7224981 TI - Development of cochlear potentials in rats. AB - The development of cochlear function was studied in 81 rat pups by recording the cochlear microphonic (CM) and the compound action potential (AP) from the round window in response to tone bursts and filtered clicks of various frequencies. The first electrophysiological response was the CM which could be obtained from 8- to 9-day-old animals. The AP first appeared at 11-12 days. As development progressed, cochlear potentials showed systematic changes in response parameters: the amplitude and threshold sensitivity of both CM and AP increased progressively with age as N1 latency decreased. All the parameters were within the adult range by the 15th day for the CM and by the 4th week for the AP. The results are discussed in relation to the developmental changes in the middle ear and to the morphological maturation of the organ of Corti. PMID- 7224982 TI - Peripheral retinal tears: classification, prevalence and principles of management. AB - In summary, full-thickness peripheral retinal tear is classified in relationship to the vitreous base as intrabasal, juxtabasal and extrabasal. Each of these categories of full-thickness retinal tear is usually associated with characteristic lesions that are particularly likely to produce full-thickness retinal tears in the respective zones. In overall prevalence, full-thickness peripheral retinal tears, excluding retinal tears at the ora serrata, are present at autopsy in 3.3% of patients, are bilateral in 11.2% of affected patients, and are present in 1.9% of eyes. In conjunction with full-thickness retinal tears, principles of management are reviewed. PMID- 7224983 TI - Interrelationships between the retinal pigment epithelium and the neurosensory retina. AB - The role of the retinal pigment epithelium in regulating transport between the choriocapillariss and sensory retina was studied by examining the diffusion fluorescent across the intact rabbit retinal pigment epithelium and the retinal pigment epithelium damaged by intravenous injection of sodium iodate. Destruction of the tight junctions of the retinal pigment epithelium allowed free diffusion of fluorescein from the choroid into the retina. The electrical characteristics of the cat retinal pigment epithelium which play an important role in governing transport of substances across the retinal pigment epithelium were studied. The apical membrane of the cat retinal pigment epithelium resembled that of the frog in having high sensitivity to apical K+, greater sensitivity to apical Na+, and less sensitivity to apical HCO3-. The apical membrane was sensitive to oubain which produced a rapid fall in the transepithelial potential. Previous studies of the electrical properties of the retinal epithelium in cold blooded preparations are summarized with emphasis on the important interactions between the retinal pigment epithelium and sensory retina and the implications that these studies have with regard to the regulation of photoreceptor function. PMID- 7224984 TI - The prevalence of corneal disease and cataracts in Australian aborigines in Northwestern Australia. AB - Fifty percent of the Aborigines over the age of 30, in two settlements, were examined and the presence of anterior ocular disease was recorded. A group of urban Europeans were also examined. All of the 82 Aborigines showed signs of trachoma, eight were bilaterally blind and 15 had monocular blindness. Corneal opacities were found in 60% of Aborigines, pterygium in 44%, cataract in 32%, climatic droplet keratopathy in 18% and pseudo-exfoliation of the lens in 11%. Only 4% of Europeans had corneal scarring and 4% had pterygium, 10% of Europeans had cataracts. Trachaoma, climatic droplet keratopathy and pseudoexfoliation were not seen in Europeans. It is postulated that much of the anterior segment disease seen in Australian Aborigines is due to environmental factors. PMID- 7224985 TI - Candida endophthalmitis and drug abuse. AB - Candida endophthalmitis after intravenous heroin is described. Our patient had an initial rapid deterioration on systemic corticosteroids. Systemic amphotericin B, 5 flucytosine, vitrectomy and retinal surgery were required to achieve a final visual acuity of 6/24. The difficulty of an early diagnosis and the deleterious effect of corticosteroid use are emphasized. PMID- 7224986 TI - Optic neuritis and computed tomography. AB - A forty year old Lebanese man presented to Royal Prince Alfred Hospital with unilateral visual loss and disc oedema. Computed Tomography (CT) of his orbit demonstrated diffuse thickening and tortuosity consistent with an optic nerve tumour. Surgical exploration of the orbit was averted when the patient reported subjective visual improvement. Two months later, CT demonstrated an optic nerve which was well within normal limits. PMID- 7224987 TI - Generalised siderosis from an iris foreign body. AB - A case is presented of generalised siderosis resulting from a foreign body lodged in the iris. The diagnosis was made 10 years after the initial injury, when the patient presented with another, quite unrelated, eye injury. The metal particle was removed after tests revealed that ocular function was impaired with raised intra ocular pressure, severe field loss and an abnormal electroretinogram (E.R.G.). PMID- 7224988 TI - Symposium on continuing education. Australian special implications. PMID- 7224989 TI - Fluorescein angiography. PMID- 7224990 TI - Re: Kawasaki disease in Melbourne. PMID- 7224991 TI - Social change and child health in China over 22 years -- a personal view. PMID- 7224992 TI - Child safety and the public media. An analysis from the Brisbane Drowning Study. PMID- 7224993 TI - Rapid repeated finger tapping. PMID- 7224994 TI - Decreased water and increased sodium losses in infants with hyaline membrane disease. PMID- 7224995 TI - Serum ferritin in term and preterm infants. PMID- 7224996 TI - Cord serum IgA levels in Australian infants. PMID- 7224997 TI - Cerebellar syndromes in occult neuroblastomas. PMID- 7224998 TI - The ascertainment and implications of an unbalanced translocation in the neonate. Familial 1:15 translocation. PMID- 7224999 TI - Diploidy in second trimester prostaglandin E2 induced abortuses. PMID- 7225000 TI - Validity of sputum eosinophilia in diagnosing coexistent asthma in children with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7225001 TI - Efficacy of antimicrobial drugs against staphylococci in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7225002 TI - Acute and chronic canine parvovirus myocarditis following intrauterine inoculation. AB - Canine myocarditis virus was inoculated into puppies in utero 8 days before parturition. Puppies were clinically normal at birth. One puppy died 23 days after inoculation and a second puppy was comatose before euthanasia on day 27 post inoculation. Both had acute, non-suppurative myocarditis, and parvovirus was isolated from the heart of each pup. Two other puppies remained clinically normal until euthanasia at 87 and 131 days after inoculation. These latter puppies had extensive, focal fibrosis within the myocardium. Despite weekly monitoring, ECG changes were not recorded. The apparent predilection of canine parvovirus for cardiac myocytes is discussed. PMID- 7225003 TI - Hypogammaglobulinaemia in foals: prevalence on Victorian studs and simple methods for detection and correction in the field. AB - The prevalence of hypogammaglobulinaemia in 82 young foals was determined. Twelve foals were considered clinically abnormal at birth and ten died within two weeks. All of these foals were hypogammaglobulinaemic. Seven (10%) of the other 70 apparently normal foals were hypogammaglobulinaemic despite having suckled normally. Three of these foals developed significant disease and one died at one month of age. Rapid detection of foals with low serum immunoglobulin levels was achieved by adapting the zinc sulphate turbidity test to partially evacuated blood collection tubes. This permitted test to be conducted on the stud or in the veterinarian's own laboratory. Plasma concentrated twofold by a freeze thaw technique was administered intravenously to supplement the immunoglobulin levels of two colostrum deprived foals. The simplicity of the concentration procedure eliminated the need for laboratory preparation of equine immunoglobulin. PMID- 7225004 TI - Extensions to a veterinary health and management program data system for dairy herds. AB - This paper reports additions to our previously described veterinary health and management program for dairy herds. These include a graphical representation of mean milk production per cow per day, a current and historical record of the distribution of the herd in reproduction states, a standardised index of clinical mastitis and an index of the degree of nutritional anoestrus in a herd. For seasonally-calving herds, new categories of cows requiring examination or consideration have been added to selection lists. These are cows which have no oestrus recorded for 30 days preceding a nominated date for the commencement of breeding and those which have no oestrus recorded for 30 days after the nominated date. PMID- 7225005 TI - Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo vaccination of pregnant beef cows and subsequent growth rate of progeny. AB - Five experiments with Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo vaccine were carried out over a 6-year period in pregnant Brahman-cross and Sahiwal-cross cows in the dry tropics on northern Queensland. The numbers ranged from 127 breeders aged 2 to 5 years in 1972 to 344 breeders aged 2 to 9 years in 1977. Half of the cows were vaccinated twice in mid-pregnancy except for 1977, when they were vaccinated once. In 1975-1977 inclusive, half of the heifers were given an additional dose of vaccine at commencement of mating. Vaccination caused a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction of prenatal loss but not of perinatal or postnatal losses. Growth rates of calves from vaccinated and unvaccinated dams were similar. PMID- 7225006 TI - Effects of artificially induced infestations of the cattle louse, Linognathus vituli. AB - Groups of White Shorthorn calves, stanchioned to prevent self-grooming and given high or low levels of nutrition, were exposed to artificial infestations of the cattle louse, Linognathus vituli. Undernutrition caused a significant (P = 0.03) increase in lice numbers. Lice did not significantly affect percentages of packed cells, lymphocytes, polymorphs and eosinophils or the number of red and white cells. Calves were always able to control lice infestations without self grooming. PMID- 7225007 TI - Lesions caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in the scrotum of rams. AB - Palpable lesions within the scrotum but not associated with the testis or epididymis were detected in 20 of 200 merino rams in 3 flocks during routine veterinary examination. In 13 of 15 rams further examined Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated from the lesions, which were typical CLA type abscesses. C. pseudotuberculosis was not shed in semen, and semen quality was normal in all affected rams. PMID- 7225008 TI - Plasma alkaline phosphatase as a screening test for low zinc status in broiler hybrid chickens affected with 'clubbed down'. AB - Broiler chickens affected by 'clubbed down' on a number of Victorian farms had low liver zinc concentrations and low plasma alkaline phosphatase activities. The results indicated that the zinc status of affected flocks should be considered in future studies and that measurement of plasma alkaline phosphatase activity may be a useful means of screening large numbers of samples. Nutritional and genetic factors may be involved in the aetiology of 'clubbed down'. PMID- 7225009 TI - Syringomyelia in pigs. AB - Syringomyelia was present in 3 of 6 pigs examined in an outbreak of disease in which a respiratory and an ataxic syndrome were recognized. Lesions were found in cervical spinal cord segments in pigs 3 to 5 months old. The aetiology was not determined. PMID- 7225010 TI - Studies on horn cancer: preliminary trials of immunotherapy. PMID- 7225011 TI - Tearing of vaginal wall with intestinal prolapse in pregnant ewes. PMID- 7225012 TI - Spirocerca lupi in a dog. PMID- 7225013 TI - Canine parvovirus disease: a caution against routine vaccination. PMID- 7225014 TI - Development of occupational and environmental health criteria for the F-16. AB - This paper describes the approach used by the F-16 System Program Office to develop occupational and environmental health criteria and guidance for the design and support of a hydrazine (N2H4) fueled Emergency Power System. Because of the early integration of the medical and industrial hygiene communities in the aircraft and sub-system development process, evaluations of exposures to hydrazine during maintenance activities resulted in timely and significant engineering and logistics support improvements. PMID- 7225015 TI - Industrial hygiene and the F-16 air combat fighter. AB - This paper describes a program of mutual cooperation between a defense contractor and the line and medical service of the USAF in controlling potential exposures to hydrazine as it is used on the F-16 aircraft. The early involvement of USAF industrial hygienists in the evaluation of exposures to hydrazine during various maintenance activities is described. These efforts have led to an engineering design concept which emphasizes control of exposure and minimizing the potential for accidental exposure. Recognizing that the risk of an accidental exposure will never be reduced to zero, the USAF Medical Service has implemented a comprehensive program of medical surveillance and health education directed towards the work force responsible for maintenance of the F-16 hydrazine system. PMID- 7225016 TI - Environmental chemistry and management of hydrazine. AB - The recent use of 70% hydrazine-water fuel in the F-16 emergency power unit (EPU) presents problems for organizations responsible for protection of personnel and the environment because of the worldwide deployment of this aircraft and the requirement for fuel handling in a flightline environment. Hydrazine has a low vapor pressure (14 mm Hg at 25 degrees C) but still evaporation rates (16-100 mg/cm2h) from liquid pools are sufficient to generate hazardous atmospheric concentrations greater than the permissible exposure level (3 ppm) up to 2 km downwind under worst-case meteorological conditions (F Stability). In contrast to the general feeling that hydrazine degrades in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, studies show hydrazine is relatively stable in both air (t1/2 approximately 6 h) and oxygenated aqueous solutions (t1/2 approximately 5 d). The toxicity and stable character of hydrazine in the environment required quick and thorough management of any accidental spills to preclude hazards to personnel and serious environmental degradation. The Air Force has established comprehensive containment and treatment procedures which will be used in the event of inadvertent releases of hydrazine from the EPU or during handling or transport of the bulk fuel. The simple spill management procedures used to support the F-16 aircraft EPU are described. PMID- 7225017 TI - Functional steadiness of the cerebral circulatory system under altered gravitational conditions. AB - The maintenance of hemodynamic stability is a functional characteristic of the cerebral circulatory system. This characteristic developed during the evolutionary process. It can be of use as an indicator of the activity of the central processes regulating cerebral blood flow under different stress conditions, particularly, during a long space mission. Rheoencephalographic methods are qualitative and yield information that permits assessment of the changes in the functional status of the cerebral circulatory system. This was confirmed by results obtained during the Salut-4 space mission. The observations permitted us to assess indirectly the status of the cosmonauts. PMID- 7225018 TI - Lack of hyperbaric O2 effect on blood-brain barrier permeability in conscious rats. AB - Conscious rats were exposed to 100% O2 at 2.5 ATA for 90 min for up to 10 consecutive days, or to an N2-O2 mixture (PO2 = 0.3 ATA) under the same conditions (control animals). Cerebrovascular permeability to 14C-sucrose in the experimental animals was not altered by hyperbaric O2 exposure when compared to the value in control animals. These results differ with other reports that similar hyperbaric O2 exposure increases cerebrovascular permeability to ferritin and to a protein enzyme. PMID- 7225019 TI - hypobaric hypoxia: central catecholamine levels and cortical PO2 and avoidance response in rats treated with apomorphine. AB - The learning of a conditioned avoidance response, the catecholamine levels in some cerebral structures, and the evolution of the cortical PO2, were studied under hypobaric hypoxia (300 torr) and under normoxia, in rats treated or not with apomorphine, at the dose of 1 or 10 mg/kg i.p. Apomorphine at 1 mg/kg improves the learning capacity and stabilises the cerebral catecholamine levels under hypoxia; no modification of the evolution of the cortical PO2 during hypoxia was observed between control rats and rats treated with this dose of apomorphine. Apomorphine at 10 mg/kg totally inhibits learning under normoxia or hypoxia. It is therefore possible to suppose that the antihypoxic protective mechanism of low-dose apomorphine is due to a stabilization of the levels of both dopamine and noradrenaline during hypoxia, but not to an increase in the cerebral oxygen availability. These data suggest the clinical possibility of using other dopaminergic stimulating agents for their eventual antihypoxic properties. PMID- 7225020 TI - Dipsogenesis in cold-acclimated rats. AB - Water intakes of control rats kept at 25 degrees C and cold-acclimated rats kept at 6 degrees C for at least 4 weeks were compared when both groups were at 25 degrees C. Cold-acclimated rats exhibited an increase in water intake (thermogenic drink) during the first but not the second hour after removal from the cold. Cold-acclimated rats, administered the dipsogenic agents angiotensin I, angiotensin II, isoproterenol or serotonin, had water intakes not significantly different from control rats. Administration (1% of body weight) of several different doses of hypertonic NaCl (0.25 to 1.00M) intraperitoneally increased water intake to the same level in both control and cold-acclimated rats. Water deprivation for 24 h, initiated either 2 or 24 h after removal of cold-acclimated rats from the cold, resulted in water intakes not significantly different between cold-acclimated and control rats. In spite of an initial thermogenic drink on removal of cold-acclimated rats from cold, cold-acclimation does not appear to alter the dipsogenic responsiveness of rats to either extracellular or intracellular dipsogenic stimuli, or to a dipsogenic stimulus (dehydration) involving both. PMID- 7225021 TI - Heat stress impairment of mental performance: a revision of tolerance limits. AB - A time-related, heat stress tolerance curve for unimpaired mental performance was constructed by Wing from a summary of 15 studies. The tolerance limits, more properly described as the lower limits for heat impaired mental performance, were subsequently adopted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health as the recommended standard of tolerance times for sedentary work in heat stress. Although Ramsey and Morrissey have reported a series of isodecrement curves which indicate that mental performance impairment in heat may not be a simple function, a reappraisal of the upper limit for unimpairment has not yet been advanced. The present review reevaluates results of early studies, apparently supportive of Wing's position, and proposes an alternate interpretation. Further, analysis of more recent data suggests a mental performance impairment/heat stress relationship closely related to human thermophysiological tolerance limits. PMID- 7225022 TI - Use of tympanometry in an airline medical service. AB - Tympanometry is a procedure in otologic medicine which enables the examiner to objectively evaluate the mobility and patency of the eardrum, the functional condition of the middle ear, and to ascertain the ventilation capability of the Eustachian tube. It does this by varying the air pressure in the closed ear canal, emitting a low-frequency sound concurrently, and measuring the compliance or mobility of the eardrum on a graph. It has been found to be a very useful adjunct in the evaluation and management of the otological problems in a commercial air carrier. PMID- 7225023 TI - Handling factors not body marking influence thalamic mast cell numbers in the preweaned albino rat. PMID- 7225024 TI - Effects of a low and a high dose of beta-endorphin on acquisition and retention in the rat. PMID- 7225025 TI - Time-dependent effects of ECS on spatial memory in rats. PMID- 7225026 TI - Threshold hypothermia disrupting acquisition of conditioned taste aversion and attenuation of neophobia in rats. PMID- 7225027 TI - Sequences in duplication of unilateral memory in monocular learning. PMID- 7225028 TI - Pituitary-adrenal responsiveness of mothers to pups in mice of two inbred strains. PMID- 7225029 TI - A natural food aversion in Norway rats and in house mice. PMID- 7225030 TI - A novel animal model of alcohol consumption based on the development of extremes of ethanol preference in colony-housed but not isolated rats. PMID- 7225031 TI - Home environmental stimuli facilitate learning of shock escape spatial discrimination in rats 7-11 days of age. PMID- 7225032 TI - Individual response patterns and the effects of different behavioral methods in the treatment of social phobia. PMID- 7225033 TI - The relative efficacy of thought-stopping and covert assertion. PMID- 7225034 TI - Measurement of sexual arousal in several paraphilias: the effects of stimulus modality, instructional set and stimulus content on the objective. PMID- 7225035 TI - Depression and the generation of complex hypotheses in the judgement of contingency. PMID- 7225036 TI - Form and content in the conjoint treatment of sexual dysfunction: a controlled study. PMID- 7225037 TI - Instructed versus pharmacological effects of alcohol in alcoholics and social drinkers. PMID- 7225038 TI - Training severely and profoundly mentally handicapped nocturnal enuretics. PMID- 7225039 TI - The three-systems-model of fear and emotion--a critical examination. PMID- 7225040 TI - Treating bruxism with the habit-reversal technique. PMID- 7225041 TI - [Synovectomies of the elbow joint in progressive chronic polyarthritis]. PMID- 7225042 TI - [Colles' fracture. Therapeutic principles - clinical and roentgenologic results]. PMID- 7225043 TI - [Value of immunologic diagnosis of bone tumours]. PMID- 7225044 TI - [Operative results of digitus quintus varus et superductus]. PMID- 7225045 TI - [Functional value of the Girdlestone hip following removal of total hip endoprosthesis]. PMID- 7225046 TI - [Bilateral simultaneous implantation of total endoprosthesis of the hip joint]. PMID- 7225047 TI - [Manifestation of gout on X-rays]. PMID- 7225048 TI - [Hip joint involvement in spondylarthritis ankylopoietica and its surgical management]. PMID- 7225050 TI - [Occurrence of human pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in slaughter animals]. PMID- 7225049 TI - [Therapeutic results of retropatellar chondromalacia]. PMID- 7225051 TI - [Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of bacteria in sick animals and their surroundings in a surgical veterinary clinic]. PMID- 7225052 TI - [Virus infections and chronic bronchitis in horses]. PMID- 7225053 TI - [Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in dairy cows]. PMID- 7225054 TI - [Studies of the ST-segment and T-wave in the ECG of horses]. PMID- 7225055 TI - [The ST-segment and T-wave in the ECG of horses]. PMID- 7225056 TI - [Occurrence of helminths in goats in Syria]. PMID- 7225057 TI - [The life cycle of Isospora burrowsi (Trayser and Todd, 1978) in the dog]. PMID- 7225058 TI - [Vocal inventory of the domestic chicken (Gallus g. domesticus)]. PMID- 7225059 TI - Factors influencing the growth of cerebellar neural networks. PMID- 7225060 TI - Timed study of experimental primary neural induction. AB - Experimental primary neural induction was studied by transmission electron microscopy and compared with normal primary neural induction studies. A change was observed in the ectoderm cytoplasm and the ribosomes formed polysomes in the same way as previously described in normal induction. PMID- 7225061 TI - Initial development of the human brain. PMID- 7225062 TI - Differentiation of 'preplate' neurons in the pallium of the rat. PMID- 7225064 TI - Light and electron microscopical studies on the development of the horizontal cells of Cajal-Retzius. PMID- 7225063 TI - Early neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in cerebral cortex. AB - Early cortical neurogenesis and synaptogenesis are discussed with reference to observations made in fetal and postnatal rat temporal cortex. Thymidine autoradiography was used to determine the time of origin of cortical neurons, particularly of layer I. Earliest neurons--CRs--form between FD 12 and 15, whereas the period of maximal formation of layer I neurons other than CRs is situated between FD 17 and FD 19. Neurons destined for the deepest part of layer VI begin to form at FD 13. Both types of early-forming neurons develop synaptic contacts by FD 16. From this stage onwards, the temporal cortex taken as a whole continuously contains synaptic contacts. However, a more detailed analysis shows that some at least of the early formed synapses are transitory: for example, the CRs, which receive dendritic synapses on FD 16 and somatic synapses on FD 17, apparently lose most--if not all--of these contacts towards the end of fetal life. Whereas CRs develop an important protein producing equipment during the neonatal period, younger neurons located in the same (first) layer form dendritic, somatic and somatofugal synapses. PMID- 7225065 TI - Electron microscopy of synaptic structures in the optic tectum of developing chick embryos. PMID- 7225066 TI - [The development of the angioarchitecture of the basal ganglia in the rat from the 15th prenatal day to adulthood]. PMID- 7225067 TI - [Postnatal development of sensory nerve endings in the hairless nose skin of the cat]. AB - The postnatal development of sensory nerve endings has been studied in the skin of the planum nasale of the cat. The Merkel nerve endings develop in the prenatal period; after birth some redundant axons perish. Up to the third postnatal day, sporadic Merkel cells and nerve terminals still can be observed in the stratum papillare of the dermis. The free nerve endings in the dermis appear before birth. In the postnatal period the nerve fibres as well as the nerve endings ramify. A few of them come into contact with the stratum basale of the epidermis, others may perish. Most of these nerve endings are located in the stratum papillare of the dermis. The simple encapsulated corpuscles with an inner core develop after birth. In the depth of the dermis, the corpuscles are arranged mainly in groups, in the stratum papillare, however, they are more isolated. The development of those corpuscles, located in the depth of the dermis, already begins before birth and finishes mostly about the 39th postnatal day. The development of the corpuscles in the stratum papillare starts later and ends between the 3rd and 4th month. The nerve terminal of the corpuscle changes only slightly during development. It elongates, becomes thicker, and the number of mitochondria increases. During all stages it sends cytoplasmic spines in between the lamellar system of the inner core. The inner core is formed by cytoplasmic lamellae of the peripheric glial cells. In the course of development the number of cytoplasmic lamellae increases, they become thinner and gradually each one will be covered by a basal lamina. A mature corpuscle possesses an inner core with one or two longitudinal clefts. These clefts occur more frequently in corpuscles with complete capsules. The connective tissue cells primarily form a primitive capsule around the inner core. During development the layers of the capsule increase in number. Mature corpuscles have a one- to four-layered capsule. The capsular cells are then ensheathed by a basal lamina. PMID- 7225068 TI - External features of the developing ferret embryo. PMID- 7225069 TI - Decidual changes in the rat following cyclophosphamide treatment before implantation. AB - To explain the teratogenic action of cyclophosphamide treatment during the preimplantation period (day 3; 60 mg/kg), the decidual reaction of the uterus was studied in the rat by light microscopy and autoradiography on day 4 (preimplantation period) and on days 5 and 6 (implantation period). On day 4, 24 h after cyclophosphamide treatment, the 3H-thymidine labelling index of the stroma cells beneath the uterine epithelium was significantly increased (33.7 +/- 5.2%) as compared to untreated control animals (6.5 +/- 0.4%). In addition, the surface of the uterine lumina appeared smoother in treated animals than in controls. On day 5 of gestation no difference could be detected autoradiographically between the uteri and treated and untreated animals. Histologically, however, the decidual reaction in treated animals occupied a larger area than in controls. On day 6 of pregnancy the 3H-labelling index of stroma cells surrounding the implantation site of treated animals was considerably reduced (10.7 vs. 32.8% in controls) and necrotic stroma cells were found in the area around the implantation site. Mechanisms inducing the decidual changes in cyclophosphamide-treated animals are discussed. PMID- 7225071 TI - Correlation between electroretinographic and electron-microscopic observations of postnatal photoreceptor development in phenylalanine- and omega hydroxyhexylpyridone-2-treated rats. PMID- 7225070 TI - Effects of pre- and postnatal treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine on the development of the rat locus coeruleus. PMID- 7225072 TI - [The influence of L-phenylalanine on the postnatal development of the electroretinogram in the rat]. PMID- 7225073 TI - [Vital acridine orange fluorescence of various differentiation phases of neuroblastoma cells in vitro]. PMID- 7225074 TI - [The nature of the cytoplasmic red fluorescence in acridine orange fluorescent neuroblastoma cells]. PMID- 7225075 TI - Distribution of the radioactivity in the central nervous system of the developing rat following intracisternal or subcutaneous administration of 14C-5,7 dihydroxytryptamine. PMID- 7225076 TI - Developmental neuropathology of mouse neocortex following early fetal X irradiation. AB - X-irradiation of mice at a dose of 2.0 Gy on days 12 or 13 p.c. results in a clustering of neocortical ventricular-layer cells to rosettes and in the development of focal alterations consisting of glial cells in a typical radial arrangement. Both structures collapse at birth, either due to the invasion by thalamocortical axons, which results in disintegration of the rosettes, or to successive conversion of the glial spongioblasts to rather large astrocytes. The histogenesis of these perinatal events is described with special emphasis on the topographical differences in the developing brain. PMID- 7225077 TI - Four types of reactive astrocytes. PMID- 7225078 TI - [De- and regeneration of baroreceptor sinus fibers]. PMID- 7225079 TI - Peptidase-3 (Pep-3), dipeptidase variant in the rat homologous to mouse pep-3 (Dip-1) and human PEP-c. AB - Starch gel electrophoresis and histochemical staining with L-leucyl-L-tyrosine have revealed genetic variation for dipeptidase in Rattus norvegicus. The tissue distribution, substrate specificity, and heterozygous expression as a monmeric protein suggest homology of the variant peptidase to human PEP-C and mouse Pep-3 (Dip-1). We propose Peptidase-3 (Pep-3) as a name for this autosomal locus in the rat. The allele responsible for slower (less anodal) electrophoretic migration is designated Pep-3a and is characteristic of strain ACI/Pit. A faster (more anodal) electrophoretic mobility is the product of the Pep-3b allele in strain F344/Pit. Twenty-five additional inbred strains carry Pep-3a and 16 others carry Pep-3b. Wild rats trapped in Pittsburgh were polymorphic for this locus. Alleles at Pep-3 segregated independently of c (linkage group I), a (linkage group IV), RT2 and Es 1 (linkage group V), h (linkage group VI), and RTI (linkage group VIII). PMID- 7225080 TI - A new locus regulating the expression of the Ldh-2 gene in mouse liver. AB - Patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes of tissues from various mouse strains were examined. An interstrain polymorphism for LDH isozymes of liver was established. One phenotype (CBA/Lac and AKR/J mice) yielded a five-banded LDH pattern, another phenotype (DBA/1J, DBA/2J, C57BL/6J and C3H/He) showed a three banded one. Immunochemical evidence was obtained indicating that differences in the LDH pattern are mainly due to different contents of the B subunit of LDH. Linkage tests indicated that the locus Ldr-2 determining the amounts of the LDH B subunit in mouse liver tissue is located in chromosome 6, 19 + or - 4.1 cm away from the earlier described Ldr-1 locus. The effect of locus Ldr-2 is strictly tissue-specific; it is manifest only on days 6-8 after birth. PMID- 7225081 TI - Properties of arginase from liver of Macaca fascicularis; comparison of normals with red blood cell arginase deficient monkeys. AB - Deficiency of arginase (E.C. 3.5.3.1), the fifth enzyme of the urea cycle, was found in the red blood cells (RBCs) of Macaca fascicularis monkeys (less than 0.2 micromol arginine cleaved/g Hb/min; normal equals 49.2). Liver biopsies were obtained from two of these monkeys and from one monkey with normal levels of RBC arginase activity. Arginase from both groups of animals required Mn2+ for maximal enzyme activity and demonstrated a pH optimum of 10.2 in vitro. The activity of arginase in the livers of all three monkeys was 1.1 millimol arginine cleaved per g protein per min. The apparent Km for arginine of arginase in the livers of the RBC-deficient monkeys was 7.4 and 5.9 mM and in the normal monkey was 6.9 mM. Similar patterns of heat denaturation was seen at 69 C without Mn2+ present and 79 C in the presence of 20mM Mn2+. No difference in mobility on either RBC deficient or normal monkeys was found. In addition, liver arginase from all three monkeys reacted similarly with anti-human liver arginase antibody. Liver arginases in RBC-deficient and normal monkeys were identical by ten criteria. These studies do not distinguish among several hypotheses for the genetic determination of arginase in different organs of this species and of man. PMID- 7225082 TI - Electrophoretic mobility of N- and C-terminal monoferric fragments of bovine transferrin phenotypes AA, D1D1, D2D2, and EE, and N-terminal amino acid sequences. AB - Iron-saturated bovine transferrins A, D1, D2 and E were cleaved by trypsin yielding monoferric fragments. The N-terminal fragments (F) of transferrins A and D2 had identical mobility in cellulose acetate electrophoresis, that of transferrin D1 a slower mobility, and that of E a still slower mobility. The C terminal fragments (S) gave multiple bands which were essentially identical in the case of transferrins A, D1, and E, but of slower mobility in the case of transferrin D2. All four variants had identical N-terminal amino acid sequences. The electrophoretic mobility of the C-terminal fragments was reduced by neuraminidase treatment, but the N-terminal fragments were unaffected. The four transferrin variants therefore appear to be made up from three electrophoretically distinguishable N-terminal halves and two C-terminal halves. The feature responsible for the electrophoretic double banding of homozygous bovine asialotransferrins is consistently associated with the C-terminal half of the molecule. PMID- 7225083 TI - Improved method for the identification of the fluoride-resistant plasmacholinesterase genotypes. AB - This investigation was prompted by the findings that (1) dibucaine-resistant homozygotes and heterozygotes for plasmacholinesterase also exhibit resistance to fluoride inhibition, (2) the differentiation of dibucaine-resistant from the fluoride-resistant genotypes is ambiguous with the method of Harris and Whittaker, (3) the plasmacholinesterase inhibition by Na fluoride (FN) is markedly influenced by the temperature. Therefore, we modified their method by increasing (1) the temperature of the reaction from 25C to 37C and (2) the concentration of Na fluoride from 5.0 x 10(-5) M to 2.5 x 10(-4) M. With this method, gentically normal individuals have a mean FN + or - SD equals 43.0 + or - 10.0 and atypical dibucaine-resistant heterozygotes 67.0 + or - 5.37. Since a linear correlation was observed between DN and FN by our new method, a fluoride number 2 SD lower than the predicted FN from the DN can distinctly identify the fluoride-resistant plasmacholinesterase genotype Ef. PMID- 7225084 TI - New polymorphisms of esterase 7 and esterase 8 in inbred strains of rats: tissue expression and linkage studies. AB - Two new esterase polymorphisms (Es-7 and Es-8) were identified in the testis homogenate of laboratory rats, Rattus norvegicus, by using discontinuous gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Es-7 expressed two phenotypes: ES-7A (fast) and ES-7B (slow). Es-8, which migrated in the cathodal region rather than the ES 7 region, also expressed two phenotypes: ES-8A (fast) and ES-8B (slow). Linkage tests among Es-2, Es-7, and Es-8 were made from backcross progeny of the mating (LEJ/Hkm x T/Hok)F1 x LEJ/Hkm. One recombinant in 51 progeny tested was observed between Es-2 and Es-7; however, recombination between Es-2 and Es-8 was not observed in the same progeny. In addition, we show that the esterase polymorphisms of Es-5 in liver homogenate and Es-3 in small intestine homogenate are identical. PMID- 7225085 TI - Characterization of human lymphocyte N-acetyltransferase and its relationship to the isoniazid acetylator polymorphism. AB - Characterization of human lymphocyte N-acetyltransferase (NAT) for specific activity, substrate specificity, inhibition, pH optimum, apparent Km kinetic mechanism, trypsin stability, freezing stability, and heat stability was carried out in rapid and slow isoniazid (INH) acetylators. There is a statistically significant difference in the heat stability of lymphocyte NAT from rapid and slow INH phenotypes. The lymphocyte enzyme from rapid INH acetylators is less heat stable than the lymphocyte enzyme from slow INH acetylators. This is an indication of a structural, possibly polymorphic, difference in lymphocyte NAT from the two acetylator phenotypes. PMID- 7225086 TI - Genetics of glucosephosphate isomerase in Aedes togoi (Diptera: Culicidae). AB - The genetics of glucosephosphate isomerase (E.C. 5.3.1.9) in two strains (Malaysian and Taiwan) of Aedes togoi is reported. Three electrophoretic phenotypes were presented in both sexes. The zymogram patterns were identical in both strains of A. togoi. The phenotypes were governed by a pair of codominant alleles. The allele frequency of the slow-moving band was 0.63 in the Malaysian strain adn was 0,86 and 0.82 in F161 and F169 generations, respectively, of the Taiwan strain. The sample studied was in good accord with Hardy-Weinberg expectation. PMID- 7225087 TI - Assignment to chromosome 16 of a gene necessary for the expression of human mitochondrial glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase) (E.C. 2.6.1.1.). AB - A gene necessary for the expression of human mitochondrial glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT-2) has been assigned to chromosome 16 on the basis of an immunochemical analysis of human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Mitochondrial GOT cosegregates with adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (E.C. 2.4.2.7.). PMID- 7225088 TI - Genetic control of serine dehydratase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in mice. AB - Inbred strains of mice were found to differ with regard to their endogenous activities of the liver enzyme serine dehydratase (SD) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). The strain distribution patterns for the activity of each enzyme were identical. On feeding of high-protein diets or on fasting, the activities of both enzymes were induced in a concordant fashion which suggested the control of both enzymes by a single gene. Genetic analysis established that the induction of both enzymes on feeding of high-protein diets was controlled by a single gene (Sdr-1), whereas the induction of SD, but not of PEPCK, in fasting was controlled by different single gene (Sdr-2). The lack of segregation of the backcross generations with respect to PEPCK activities obtained on fasting precluded the establishment of any association of the response of PEPCK to fasting with either the Sdr-1 or Sdr-2 locus. The strain of mice (BALB/cJ) that had the ability to maximally induce both gluconeogenic enzymes under both dietary treatments failed to survive a fast as long as those strains with less ability to induce. This suggests that the ability to induce key enzymes in gluconeogenesis when food is unavailable is of little consequence with regard to their ability to produce essential nutrients necessary for survival. PMID- 7225089 TI - Human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase in Chinese and Asiatic Indians: gene deletion and its possible implications in alcohol metabolism. AB - Two separate human liver aldehyde dehydrogenases exist which show differences in substrate specificity, cation inhibition or activation, and molecular weight. In this paper we report a common absence of enzyme 2 in Chinese which may be taken to indicate a gene deletion coding for this enzyme. The possible implication of thie gene deletion among Chinese is discussed. PMID- 7225090 TI - Biochemical properties of duplicated isozymes of phosphoglucose isomerase in the plant Clarkia xantiana. AB - The structural gene locus specifying subunits of cytoplasmic isoenzymes of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is present in duplicate in many diploid species of Clarkia (Onagraceae), a genus of annual plants native to California. We studied the kinetic properties and molecular weights of a large number of genetically defined and highly purified PGIs in C. xantiana, a number of species with the duplication, as a means of examining the biochemical consequences of the evolution of a new gene locus. This species is primarily outcrossing, but also includes several previously described predominantly self-pollinating populations. Both cytoplasmic PGI loci in the outcrossing populations are polymorphic and their enzyme products are readily separated by electrophoresis. The PGIs from the outcrossing populations were rated by electrophoresis. The PGIs from the outcrossing populations were generally closely similar in molecular weight, pH optimum, heat sensitivity, energy activation, and apparent Km (fructose-6 phosphate). The PGI loci in the selfing populations are monomorphic and specify enzymes having identical electrophoretic mobilities to those coded by the most frequent alleles of the outcrosser. The PGI isozymes in the selfers differed fivefold in Km, suggesting that they have a very different catalytic effectiveness. The high Km of the PGI-3A' isozyme (1.1mM) was anomalous among the PGIs examined and would likely be disadvantageous in a species which lacked other more normally functioning PGIs. But in the cytoplasm of the selfing plants, it is present with other PGIs that have low Km values. The PGI-3A' enzyme is a good candidate for a gene product coded by a "forbidden" mutation that could not have been established in the absence of the duplication. The rationale for this suggestion is described and it is also pointed out that the divergence of duplicated genes is influenced by many factors such as the breeding system and other population factors as well as the effect of particular mutations. PMID- 7225091 TI - Biochemical polymorphism in the rat: genetics of three electrophoretic variants and characterization of inbred strains. AB - Nine inbred strains of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) were screened for differences in electrophoretically detectable proteins. Interstrain variation was observed for 7 of 26 proteins. Three of these variants have not been described previously: leucine aminopeptidase (Lap-1), major urinary protein (Mup-1), and seminal vesicle protein (Svp-2). Genetic analysis revealed two autosomal alleles for each of these polymorphisms. The loci Lap=1, Mup-1, and Svp-2 are linked neither to one another nor to the previously described Svp-1 and Es-4 loci. Each of the nine strains can be identified now by a specific set of monogenic markers. PMID- 7225092 TI - Inheritance of red cell glucose-phosphate isomerase in the Australian marsupial, Dasyuroides byrnei. PMID- 7225093 TI - Genetic study of pancreatic proteinase in mice (Mus musculus): genetic variation at the Prt-1 locus as trypsinogen. PMID- 7225094 TI - Genetic variation in erythrocyte NAD levels in the mouse and its effect on glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase activity and stability. AB - During a screening of inbred strains for enzyme variation in glycolysis, differences were found in glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity between C57BL/6J and SM/J mice. Segregation analysis did not reveal unequivocal monogenic inheritance. Dialysis of hemolysates caused decay of enzyme activity, especially in C57BL animals, which could be prevented by the presence of NAD. This led to the finding that erythrocyte NAD levels were threefold higher in SM than C57BL animals and, although additively inherited, did not appear to be monogenic. This is comparable with but independent of the differences and effect of erythrocyte NADP levels on glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity reported by R. P. Erickson (1974) Biochem. Genet. 11:33] and emphasizes the range of mechanisms that can be involved in the genetic control of enzyme activity in mammalian systems. PMID- 7225095 TI - Carnitine content of liver from genetically diabetic (db/db) and control mice. PMID- 7225096 TI - Alkaline ribonuclease in rat liver: effect of hypophysectomy and fasting. PMID- 7225097 TI - Methodological and clinical aspects of urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase in pediatric subjects. PMID- 7225099 TI - Hyaluronidase activity in alveolar secretions of human lung. PMID- 7225098 TI - The effect of a zinc-deficient diet and the inflammatory response on rat liver mitochondrial protein synthesis. PMID- 7225100 TI - Determination of the relative amounts of elastin in lung tissues. PMID- 7225101 TI - Purification and subunit structure of glutathione reductase from human leukocytes. PMID- 7225102 TI - Prostaglandin E2 metabolism by isolated kidneys of New Zealand genetically hypertensive and normotensive rats. PMID- 7225103 TI - Changes in phospholipid and fatty acid composition in differentiated Friend leukaemic cells. PMID- 7225104 TI - A potent mercapto bi-product analogue inhibitor for human carboxypeptidase N. PMID- 7225105 TI - Levels of glucose dehydrogenases with different substrate specificities in rat and beef livers. PMID- 7225106 TI - The tumor promoting phorbol diester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) increases glyoxalase I and decreases glyoxalase II activity in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7225107 TI - Strong interaction between disulfide derivatives and aromatic groups in peptides and proteins. PMID- 7225108 TI - Protection of steroid hormone receptors by protease inhibitors. PMID- 7225109 TI - Contrasting effects of various sulfhydryl reagents on the activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase. PMID- 7225110 TI - Transcriptase activity associated with a type 2 double-stranded RNA mycovirus. PMID- 7225111 TI - Cytochrome P-450 from Lodderomyces elongisporus: its purification and some properties of the highly purified protein. PMID- 7225112 TI - P700 sensitization by low concentration of DCMU in isolated pea chloroplasts. PMID- 7225113 TI - Alamethicin and synthetic peptide fragments as uncouplers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Effect of chain length and charge. PMID- 7225115 TI - Physical separation of cytoplasmic and microsomal 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases from rat liver. PMID- 7225114 TI - Near-ultraviolet sensitivity of skin fibroblasts of patients with Bloom's syndrome. PMID- 7225116 TI - Isolation and characterization of a new beta-melanotropin from horse pituitary glands. PMID- 7225117 TI - Chartreusin, an antitumor glycoside antibiotic, induces DNA strand scission. PMID- 7225119 TI - Simultaneous demonstration of phagocytosis-connected oxygen consumption and corresponding NAD(P)H oxidase activity: direct evidence for NADPH as the predominant electron donor to oxygen in phagocytizing human neutrophils. PMID- 7225118 TI - Effects of prostaglandin D2 on membrane potential in neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells as determined with a cyanine dye. PMID- 7225120 TI - De novo biosynthesis of enkephalins and their homologues in the human placenta. PMID- 7225122 TI - Dexamethasone selectively increases monoamine oxidase type A in human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7225121 TI - Induction of avian serum apolipoprotein II and vitellogenin by tamoxifen. PMID- 7225124 TI - Isolation of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from rat liver microsomal fraction by affinity chromatography. PMID- 7225123 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of 1-O-octadec-cis-11-enyl glycerol from Paramecium phospholipids. PMID- 7225125 TI - Thalidomide metabolite inhibits tumor cell attachment to concanavalin A coated surfaces. PMID- 7225126 TI - Temperature effect on the luminescence of synthetized Yt base in PVA film. PMID- 7225127 TI - Pseudouridine residues in the 5'-terminus of uridine-rich nuclear RNA I (U1 RNA). PMID- 7225128 TI - Induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by sympathetic agents in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7225130 TI - Cholinergic muscarinic receptors in bovine adrenal cortex. PMID- 7225129 TI - Decreased in vivo protein and phospholipid methylation after in vivo elevation of brain S-adenosyl-homocysteine. PMID- 7225131 TI - DNA-joining activity associated with a murine retrovirus. PMID- 7225132 TI - Calorimetric aspects of the heat activation of spores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus. PMID- 7225134 TI - Nature of the difference in apparent molecular weights between the alpha subunit of urinary human chorionic gonadotropin and the alpha protein secreted by HeLa cells. PMID- 7225133 TI - Evaluation of commercial erythropoietin activity after preparative isoelectric focusing. PMID- 7225135 TI - Metabolism of (-)-trans-(3R, 4R)-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrochrysene to diol epoxides by liver microsomes. PMID- 7225136 TI - Structure of a neothramycin-2'-deoxyguanosine adduct. PMID- 7225137 TI - The differential effects of two salts of 5-fluorouracil and of dietary restriction on absorption by rat small intestine. PMID- 7225138 TI - A sensitive radioreceptor assay for atropine in plasma. PMID- 7225139 TI - Human leukocyte alkaline phosphatase inhibition by allergic mediator release inhibitors. PMID- 7225140 TI - Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of methotrexate and 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine in hepatoma cells. The modulating effect of purines. PMID- 7225141 TI - Interactions of a new antitumor agent, 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2 hydroxyethyl)amino]-ethyl]amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, with nucleic acids. PMID- 7225142 TI - Subcellular distribution and properties of rabbit liver aldehyde dehydrogenases. PMID- 7225144 TI - Ethanol enhancement of cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7225143 TI - Coumarin antibiotic binding to human albumin. PMID- 7225145 TI - Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on proteoglycan degradation as studied in rabbit articular cartilage in organ culture. PMID- 7225146 TI - Effect of cannabidiol on cytochrome P-450 and hexobarbital sleep time. PMID- 7225147 TI - Effect of three calcium antagonists on platelet secretion and metabolism. PMID- 7225148 TI - Effect of chronic administration of phencyclidine on hepatic mixed-function oxidases in the mouse. PMID- 7225149 TI - [Biliary lithiasis in patients aged over 70 years: considerations on 125 operations]. AB - An experience with 125 over 70 aged patients, undergone surgery for biliary lithiasis, is here reported. These operations represent 17 percent on the whole performed ones for non malignant biliary tract diseases in Institute of Surgical Pathology of the University of Parma. As the age gets elder, we can see a percent increase of complications of lithiasis, and particularly of acute cholecystitis, of common bile duct diseases and generally of emergencies. Mortality rate was 5,6%. After cholecystectomy for uncomplicated gallstones mortality rate was zero. After operations for complications of cholelithiasis it was 9.3% (6,8% in elective, 18,7% in emergent surgery). According to the Authors, these results suggest that surgical elective indications in the aged patients have to be extensive, in order to reduce the risk of worse and often unavoidable complications. PMID- 7225150 TI - [Accidental poisoning in children. Epidemiological study and their prevention]. AB - A retrospective study was carried out on the incidence of accidental poisoning (A.P.) for children admitted to the Pediatric Clinic of the University of Parma between January Ist 1973 and December 31st 1978. A total of 218 cases of AP, equal to 2,2% of total number of admittances, were registered in this time period. The children were aged from 2 months to 13 years. The toxic substances were divided into two categories: medicinal and household products. The AP tend to increase in Summer (29,8%) and in Winter (30,7%). In this series there was only one fatal outcome (0,5%). Some norms for prevention are considered. PMID- 7225152 TI - [The therapy with synthetic antimalarial drugs controlled by fluorescence electroretinography (author's transl)]. AB - Chloroquine retinopathy is a drug disease that can be prevented. Among some suggested methods, fluorescence electroretinography allows an evaluation of drug retinal deposit. In fact if a fluorescent substance accumulates in the retinal cells, a very short wavelength stimulus can produce a bioelectric response. If soon detected drug absorption is reversible. Only in a long run, the drug can induce irreversible damages. Thus the importance of continuous control of the patients in treatment with chloroquine-drugs is necessary. In this study the results of an investigation of 38 patients treated with synthetic anit-malarial drugs are shown. In some subjects the presence of the drug in the retina, without anatomic lesions, was demonstrated. These deposits disappeared upon cessation of the treatment. Deposits with or without retinal lesions were noticed in 31% of the observed subjects. In these patients the suspension of drug administration reduced accumulation but did not influence retinal lesion shown by fluorangiography. The authors hypothesized that fluorescent substance deposit is made easier by retinal vasculopathy due to connective tissue disorders. PMID- 7225151 TI - [Repeated venesection in pseudoporphyria cutanea tarda of hemodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - Cutaneous syndrome called porphyria tarda-like of dialyzed patients may involve risk of infections besides aesthetic complications. We have described a very serious case of which the therapeutic problem has become oppressive inducing various attempts, already used for porphyria cutanea tarda or completely new. The only treatment which brought improvement in symptomatology was repeated venesection. Aminoacidic loss during dialysis appears as possible pathogenetic hypothesis for this syndrome. PMID- 7225153 TI - [Bekesy audiometry at suprathreshold level in sensorineural bearing losses (author's transl)]. AB - In order to study the suprathreshold hearing phenomena for a differential diagnosis of sensorineural hearing losses Bekesy Audiometry has been used at two different levels: a) Bekesy threshold level; b) Bekesy comfortable level. Are considered: the tracing's amplitude; the continuous decay; the gap between the two different threshold levels. Results has demonstrated that Bekesy comfortable level give substantial contribution as decay test and as indirect recruitment test. PMID- 7225155 TI - [To-day clinical features of kidney tumours: a review of 160 cases (author's transl)]. AB - 160 cases of neoplasm of the kidney in the adult are reviewed, with regard to to day knowledge of problems not yet resolved in the field both of diagnosis and treatment. As diagnosis is concerned, the primary role of angiography is confirmed, though the alternative and/or complementary role of ultrasounds and densitometry cannot be overlooked. As for treatment, the primary choice seems to remain surgery, in which regard a new meaning of radicality and operability is on way to develop, due to improvement of diagnostic means and, in lesser grade, of complementary treatments. PMID- 7225154 TI - [Forward and backward Bekesy audiometry in neurosensorial hearing loss (author's transl)]. AB - Bekesy audiometry was utilized to show that an abnormal separation of forward and reverse frequency tracing is to be referred to an abnormal fatigability in neurosensorial hearing loss (presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss). The ascending and descending threshold with continuous tone was compared to fixed frequency per-stimulatory threshold that has been determinated using interrupted and continuous tone. During the study has been evaluated the gap between the continuous and interrupted tone and the excursion amplitude in interrupted and continuous tone. The results are than an abnormal separation between forward and reverse frequency tracings is connected to an abnormal fatigability. Thus, according to other authors, forward-backward Bekesy audiometry can be used to show a retrocochlear pathology in the considered hearing loss. PMID- 7225156 TI - [Clinical features of 27 cases of ischemic colitis (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors report own experience of ischemic colitis, related to 27 cases, that includes either primitive forms (transient ischemic colitis, ischemic stricture and necrotic-gangrenous ischemic colitis) or secondary (occlusive ischemic colitis, ischemic colitis following abdominoperineal excision of the rectum). Pathogenetic findings, now not completely defined, are discussed with reference to the literature on this subject. The important diagnostic problems are also evaluated, particularly in the evaluation of radiologic and endoscopic findings of spontaneous ischemic colitis; these, altogether, represent an almost specific clinical picture of ischemic colitis. At last are considered the problems related to surgical treatment, overall in the forms in which the irreversibility of the ischemic lesions has been ascertained. PMID- 7225157 TI - [The treatment of acute cholecystitis (author's transl)]. AB - Authors report own experience on 384 patients operated for acute cholecystitis, from 1970 to 1979, among over 2.100 operations for cholelithiasis performed in that period. Operations have been divided in 3 groups: 1) deferred after 2 months (196 cases); 2) deferred, but during hospitalization, between 8th and 25th day from the onset of acute symptomatology (133 cases); 3) early, within 72 degrees hour from beginning of the disease (55 cases). Many clinical features have been considered and among these bacteriological investigations. Diagnostic acids, especially echotomography in last years, surgical procedures, pathological findings and different rates of mortality and morbidity, for each group of patients, have been studied. The conclusion is that acute cholecystitis have to be operated early, not after degrees day from onset of symptoms, especially if there is no tendency to remission of symptomatology. PMID- 7225158 TI - [Urodynamic evaluations after abdomino-perineal resection of the rectum (author's transl)]. AB - An uro-dynamic evaluation has been performed on 25 patients, who had been submitted to abdomino-perineal amputation of the rectum and had thereafter shown functional disturbances of micturition. On the latter, causes and mechanisms are discussed, particularly neurological as well as mechanical and inflammatory ones, with regard to their relationship with sex and other possible aspects in the field of pathology. In 16 cases urinary retention developed, in 4 cases urinary incontinence, in 4 cases urgency but complete voiding. The authors conclude by stressing the role of pre-operative uro-dynamic assessment in every patient who is going to be submitted to rectal exeresis, in order to detect sub-clinical functional impairment of micturition, which could be suitably treated, during the main operation itself, by either desobstructive or reconstructive measures. PMID- 7225159 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) in chemical gestational diabetic and diabetic pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have determined, by ionic resin exchange chromatographic method, HbA1 values in 16 chemical gestational diabetic pregnant, in 4 case with insulin dependent diabetes and 34 normal pregnant women. Statistical differences were found between normal's HbA1 mean values and clinical diabetics' but not with chemical gestational diabetics. HbA1 mean values in chemical gestational diabetics with diabetic familiarity were found statistically higher than normal subjects' values. Mothers with chemical gestational diabetic, who delivered newborn with less than 50th centile had HbA1 values significantly elevated. PMID- 7225160 TI - [Echotomographic and angiographic finding in pheochromocytoma of the organs of Zuckerkandl (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors, as they present two rare cases of pheochromocytoma of Zuckerkandl's organ, prove how patient's history physical examination and laboratory findings can at the most address towards a presumptive diagnosis of pheochromocytoma; they also prove that for a sure diagnosis is necessary first echotomography and after arteriography. PMID- 7225162 TI - The distribution of mast cells in bovine coronary arteries and their participation in the metabolism of mural glycosaminoglycans. AB - The distribution of mast cells (MCs) and their participation in mural glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) metabolism was investigated in the left coronary arteries of 40 5-10 year old Holstein-Friesian cows. Usually MCs were present in the outer media and adventitia, but they also occurred in areas where local circumstances required their support. The distribution of MC was related to local conditions, with regard to the utilization of the contents of their granules. Large and small MCs were present; some of them stained darker with toluidine blue than others. MCs liberated their contents by expelling whole granules or by granulolysis. Granular release was associated with the metabolism of hyaluronic acid and granulolysis with heparan sulphates. Activity of mural MCs and GAGs was influenced by hormones regulating the sexual cycle. The curves obtained from MCs counts and GAGs levels at different stages of the sexual cycle indicate that MC were taking part in the GAG metabolism. MC also participated in the production of hyaluronic acid and heparan sulphates. Any disorder of the metabolism of mural GAG characterized by an increase of heparan sulphates promoted under certain circumstances the development of histochemically identifiable, primary biochemical lesions of the arterial mesenchyme. PMID- 7225161 TI - [Nosology of contraceptives: hematological and ultrastructural observations after experimental administration of low dosage contraceptives (author's transl)]. AB - A further experimental study on changes produced in rabbits by low dosage contraceptives is presented. The administration has been continued for six months. Serum biochemical and hepatic ultrastructural findings are in agreements with literature data. On the contrary the early changes of cardiac microcirculation and chiefly renal glomerular tuft seem to be rather unusual. The weight to be attached to the knowledges descending from the presented data in assessing allowance of contraceptive treatments in human subjects and aiming preventive medicine purposes is emphasized. PMID- 7225163 TI - Hyperlipidemia in guinea-pigs induced by ascorbic acid deficiency. The effects of cholesterol, DL-ethionine and aflatoxin. AB - A study was made of hyperlipidemia caused by ascorbic acid deficiency and of the effects of cholesterol, DL-ethionine and aflatoxin on plasma lipoprotein fractions of normal and scorbutic guinea pigs. The plasma lipoprotein fractions of scorbutic animals showed a significantly higher level of pre-beta-lipoprotein and a lower level of alpha-lipoprotein. By adding DL-ethionine to the control group, the pre-beta-lipoprotein fraction was remarkably elevated and by adding cholesterol, the alpha-lipoprotein level was greatly reduced and the beta lipoprotein level was increased. Addition of aflatoxin to the control diet resulted in a rather high concentration of alpha-lipoprotein and a low pre-beta lipoprotein level. High concentrations of triglyceride and phospholipid were seen in the plasma of scorbutic guinea pigs. The probable cause of hyperlipidemia induced by ascorbic acid deficiency is partly retarded degradation of cholesterol resulting from impaired 7 alpha-hydroxylation, and partly that ascorbic acid deficiency may affect other enzyme systems that control triglyceride of phospholipid metabolism, such as lipoprotein lipase activity, or synthesis or breakdown of these enzymes. PMID- 7225164 TI - Elevation of serum HDL and HDL cholesterol in cholesterol-fed male rabbits treated with estrogen. AB - The effect of cholesterol feeding and estrogen administration on serum lipoproteins and lipoprotein lipid composition was investigated in male rabbits. The lipoprotein fractions were separated by preparative ultracentrifugation and the purity of each fraction was determined by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The amount of cholesterol, cholesterol ester, triglycerides and phospholipids was determined in each of the lipoprotein fractions. It was found that treatment of the cholesterol-fed animals with estrogen resulted in an increase of their serum HDL, HDL cholesterol, HDL phospholipids and HDL triglycerides. This increase was accompanied by a decrease in serum VLDL, VLDL cholesterol and VLDL phospholipids. Since increased HDL and HDL cholesterol have been known to be associated with lower coronary heart disease, the increased serum HDL and HDL cholesterol resulting from estrogen treatment might account for the reported lower incidence of coronary heart disease in young women than in young men and the protective effect of estrogen against diet-induced and spontaneous atherosclerosis in animals. PMID- 7225165 TI - Reduced triglyceridemia and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels after treatment with acipimox, a new inhibitor of lipolysis. AB - Acipimox (5-methylpyrazine carboxylic acid 4-oxide) is a new inhibitor of lipolysis with long-lasting activity, whose plasma lipid lowering potential was demonstrated in early clinical trials. The hypolipidemic effect of acipimox was investigated in two double-blind cross-over trials versus placebo. The first trial, carried out in 12 type IV patients, showed a significant triglyceride lowering effect (-35%) following 4 weeks of drug administration at a 250 tid dose. The same regimen, maintained for 9 weeks in 18 type IIA patients, failed to induce a significant reduction of total cholesterolemia. However, in 10 subjects, in whom lipoprotein cholesterol fractionation was carried out, a significant reduction of low density and highly significant increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (respectively -11% and +20%) were observed. PMID- 7225166 TI - Fenofibrate therapy of hyperlipoproteinaemia. A dose-response study and a comparison with clofibrate. AB - Fenofibrate is an efficient serum lipid-lowering drug with few clinical side effects. The drug was further evaluated in a study comprising 56 patients, which combined a dose-response trial with a subsequent comparison between the optimal fenofibrate dose and a clofibrate dose of 2 g/day. When the fenofibrate dose was gradually increased (200-300-400 mg/day), a reduction of the elevated lipoproteins within each type of hyperlipoproteinaemia was found. During the dose response part of the therapy a transient serum creatinine rise was observed, which disappeared at the 400 mg/day level. The highest dose, 400 mg/day, proved to have the best lipid-lower effects. On this therapy the elevated LDL cholesterol fell by 28% in type IIA + B patients, and the elevated VLDL-TG by 65% in type IIB + IV patients. The HDL/VLDL + LDL-cholesterol ratio increased significantly in all groups, in particular in type IV patients (from 0.19 to 0.28, P less than 0.001). Fenofibrate and clofibrate were each given for 2 months in random order, and the effects on lipoproteins compared. Significant differences were: higher HDL-cholesterol in type IIA on clofibrate, lower LDL cholesterol in type IIB on fenofibrate, lower TG and cholesterol in both VLDL an LDL in type IV on fenofibrate, combined with higher HDL-cholesterol on this drug. Thus, fenofibrate seems to be an efficient lipid lowering drug with 400 mg/day as an optimal dosage under our conditions. PMID- 7225167 TI - Serum lipids, lipoprotein lipids and coronary heart disease in patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum. AB - Serum lipids and lipoprotein lipids were studied in 53 patients (21 males and 32 females) with xanthelasma palpebrarum and 40 age-matched normal controls (20 males and 20 females). Patients were subdivided into patients with normolipidemia, hyperlipidemia or familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). In both male and female patients with hyperlipidemia or FH, the serum cholesterol (Chol) levels were significantly higher than in normal controls. In both male and female patients with normolipidemia or hyperlipidemia, the VLDL-Chol levels were significantly higher than in normal controls. Male patients with FH showed significantly higher levels of VLDL-Chol than normal controls. Both male and female patients with normolipidemia, hyperlipidemia or FH showed significantly higher levels of LDL-Chol, lower HDL-Chol levels and lower HDL-Chol/LDL-Chol ratios than normal controls. In both male and female patients with hyperlipidemia and in male patients with FH, the serum triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher than in normal controls. Both male and female hyperlipidemic patients showed significantly higher levels of VLDL-TG than normal controls. In male patients with FH, the VLDL-TG levels were significantly above the control levels. In male patients with normolipidermia, the LDL-TG levels were significantly higher than in normal controls. In both male and female patients with hyperlipidemia or FH, the LDL-TG levels were significantly higher than in normal controls. The HDL-TG levels in patients with normolipidemia (males) or FH (females) were significantly lower than in normal controls. The prevalence of coronary heart disease in patients with normolipidemia, hyperlipidemia or FH was 29.4%, 24.0% and 45.4%, respectively. PMID- 7225169 TI - Studies on cholesterol ester hydrolysis in artificial lipid mixtures. AB - Cholesterol ester is present in lipid deposits in atherosclerotic lesions, such as fatty streaks, fibrous plaques and complicated lesions. The possibility of hydrolysis of cholesterol ester in lipid deposits and its mechanism were examined by studying the effects of the various components of lipid deposits on cholesterol ester hydrolysis. Studies were carried out using artificial lipid samples prepared by sonication of mixtures of the components of lipid deposits. Results suggested that phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine, play an important role in the hydrolysis and that alteration of lipid components, other than cholesterol ester, influences cholesterol ester hydrolysis in lipid deposits. PMID- 7225168 TI - Cholesterol vehicle in experimental atherosclerosis. Part 18. Comparison of North American, African and South American peanut oils. AB - Peanut oils were obtained from the United States (NAPNO), Africa (APNO), and South America (SAPNO) and their effects on atherosclerosis in rabbits fed 2% cholesterol were determined. The major differences among the oils were in the content of oleic (NAPNO, 48.9%; APNO, 58.6%; SAPNO, 36.4%) and linoleic (NAPNO, 29.6%; APNO, 21.7%; SAPNO, 41.1%) acids. In a series of 4 experiments it was found that South American peanut oil was 7% more atherogenic than African peanut oil and 18% more atherogenic than North American peanut oil. American peanut oil was 14% more atherogenic that corn oil (CO). South American peanut oil gave highest serum and liver lipid levels. The differences in atherogenicity may be due to the structure of the triglycerides of the various peanut oils. PMID- 7225170 TI - Arterial effects of palmitic, linoleic and acetoacetic acid. AB - The ultrastructural effects of a single brief intra-arterial infusion of palmitic, linoleic and acetoacetic acid on the arterial endothelium of the rat were investigated, and the following results obtained: (1) Palmitic acid, infused at a concentration of 4 mM/l, damaged the arterial lining by producing large cytoplasmic clefts and occasional blebbing and lysis of the endothelial cells. By contrast, linoleic acid, infused at the same concentration, had no damaging effects on arterial endothelium. (2) Acetoacetic acid damaged the arterial wall when infused at concentrations of 0.2 mM/l or higher by inducing extreme swelling and loss of cristae of the mitochondria in arterial endothelium and myocytes. The above results raise the possibility that (a) high saturated fatty acid diets may promote atherosclerosis not only by inducing hypercholesterolemia but also by injuring the arterial lining, and (b) diabetes may promote atherosclerosis not only by inducing hyperlipemia but also by damaging the arterial wall during periods of uncontrolled ketoacidosis. PMID- 7225171 TI - High density lipoprotein cholesterol in haemorrhagic hyperlipidaemia in rabbits. AB - The effects of repeated bleeding (15 ml/day/kg b.wt. on 3 consecutive days) on plasma lipids, especially on high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol were studied in rabbits. As a result of the bleeding, plasma triglycerides (TG) increased from a mean of 0.61 (SD range 0.34-1.09) mmol/l to 2.86 (1.16-7.12) mmol/l (P less than 0.02). Plasma total cholesterol (TC) increased from 1.4 +/- 0.5 (SD) mmol/l to 2.0 +/- 0.5 mmol/l. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol, however, decreased from 0.72 +/- 0.16 mmol/l to 0.48 +/- 0.23 mmol/l (P less than 0.02). The HDL-cholesterol/TC ratio decreased from 0.57 +/- 0.17 to 0.29 +/- 0.15 (P less than 0.05). In connection with the haemorrhagic hyperlipidaemia a negative correlation (P less than 0.01) appeared between plasma TG and HDL cholesterol. It is concluded that hypoxia, being the primary cause of haemorrhagic hyperlipidaemia, may be one factor regulating HDL-cholesterol concentrations and thereby possibly the development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7225172 TI - Aerobic exercise effects on lipoproteins and tissue lipids in young pigs. PMID- 7225173 TI - Semiquantitative assessment of lower limb atherosclerosis from routine angiographic images. AB - In the present report a score system is introduced with the aim of analysing routine angiographic images. The system consists of a vectorial score, which codes the pattern of occlusions, stenoses and plaques, and of an additive score describing the severity of the lesions visualised. The technique is suitable for computerised data analysis. PMID- 7225174 TI - Relationship of raised atherosclerotic lesions to fatty streaks in cigarette smokers. PMID- 7225176 TI - Elastin-lipid interaction in the arterial wall. Part 2. In vitro binding of lipoprotein-lipids to arterial elastin and the inhibitory effect of high density lipoproteins on the process. AB - The mechanism of lipoprotein binding to arterial elastin, and the inhibitory effect of high density lipoprotein (HDL) on the in vitro complex formation between plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) and elastin were studied. The binding of LDL-cholesterol, phospholipids and triacylglycerols to delipidated elastin increased progressively with time over 24 h of incubation. The results of a kinetic study on lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in the incubation medium, suggesting that the ability to bind cholesterol to elastin decreases in the following order: very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and HDL, and that the capacities to bind to a fixed amount of elastin decrease in the order: LDL, IDL, VLDL and HDL. When a definite amount of LDL was incubated with elastin in the presence of increasing concentrations of HDL, the binding of lipids to elastin progressively decreased. On the other hand, no release of cholesterol, bound to elastin during preincubation with LDL, could be detected in additional incubations with HDL, apoHDL or apoHDL-phospholipid complex. PMID- 7225175 TI - Influence of dietary unsaturated and saturated fat on the plasma lipoproteins of Mongolian gerbils. AB - Lipid and apoprotein moieties of the plasma lipoproteins of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were compared in animals fed semipurified diets containing either coconut oil (COC) or safflower oil (SAF). COC-induced hypercholesterolemia was associated with elevations in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Saturated fat feeding also resulted in th saturation of fatty acids of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters of VLDL and LDL, but had little effect on HDL fatty acids. Lipoprotein composition and size were not influenced by the type of dietary fat, suggesting that the hypercholesterolemia with saturated fat feeding was due to the circulation of a greater number of lipoprotein particles. The apoproteins of gerbil lipoproteins had molecular weights comparable to other animals. The relative amounts of apoproteins, particularly the apoC peptides, increased with dietary fat saturation. PMID- 7225177 TI - Subcellular changes associated with culture of Chinese hamster fibroblasts in hyperlipemic medium. AB - Chinese hamster fibroblasts grown in hyperlipemic rabbit serum, enriched 20-fold in total cholesterol, show accumulation of cholesterol ester to 5-6 times the normal level, whereas free cholesterol levels show minimal changes. Changes with serum concentration and time show the uptake to be saturable. Concomitant with accumulation of cholesterol ester, the median density of lysosomes as observed on analytical sub-cellular fractionation decreased markedly, indicating a lysosomal localisation of accumulated sterol. These changes were freely and rapidly reversible on return to normal medium. The implications of these findings and the potential use of the system as a model for investigation of the subcellular consequences of lipid uptake is discussed. PMID- 7225178 TI - Effect of immune complexes on plasma HDL-cholesterol in rabbits. AB - The effect of immune complexes on plasma lipids, especially on high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, was studied in rabbits. In rabbits immunized twice with bovine serum albumin (BSA) with an interval of about 6 weeks, a significant decrease in plasma HDL-cholesterol (P less than 0.01) and in the HDL/total cholesterol ratio (P less than 0.02) was found 6 days after the second BSA injection. As a result of repeated bleedings commenced 6 days after the second BSA injection, the changes in plasma triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were similar to those found previously in non-immunized rabbits. In contrast to the findings in non-immunized rabbits, no significant decrease in HDL cholesterol was found as a consequence of the bleedings, but a negative correlation (P less than 0.05) between plasma TG and HDL-cholesterol appeared. It is concluded that immune complexes may affect plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations and thereby possibly also the development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7225179 TI - The effect of fried versus raw garlic on fibrinolytic activity in man. AB - The effect of fried and raw garlic on blood fibrinolytic activity has been compared in 20 patients with ischaemic heart disease. Three blood samples were collected on the first day of the study and similarly on the 2nd and 7th days after garlic administration, either in raw or fried form. Fibrinolytic activity increased by 72% and 63% within 6 h of administration of raw or fried garlic, respectively. The elevated levels were maintained up to 12 h. In the second part of the study, raw or fried garlic was administered for 4 weeks to patients with ischaemic heart disease and fibrinolytic activity was measured at weekly intervals. It showed a sustained increase, rising to 84.8% at the end of 28th day when raw garlic was administered. Similarly, with fried garlic the rise was 72%. The study shows that: (i) both raw and fried garlic significantly enhance fibrinolytic activity (FA); (ii) garlic enhances FA within hours of administration; (iii) FA continues to rise with continued administration of garlic; (iv) frying removes the strong acrid smell of garlic, but preserves its useful effect on FA. PMID- 7225180 TI - [New aspects of endocrine regulation]. PMID- 7225181 TI - [Etiological problems of suppurative, septic diseases in newborn infants]. PMID- 7225183 TI - [The supposedly pathogenic role of so-called "sects"]. PMID- 7225182 TI - [Rare chromosome abnormality: tetrasomy X (48XXXX)]. PMID- 7225184 TI - [Intrathoracic dislocation of a metal-piece after the use of wires in bone surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of intrathoracic dislocation of Kirschner's wire are reported. In one case the migration of the wire had been discovered 3 years after osteosynthesis of the acromioclavicular joint and incomplete removal of the metal. In another case a fragment of Kirschner's wire had to be removed by mediastinoscopy five months after fixation of the sternoclavicular joint. The application of wire in clavicular joint position - even in connection with cerclage - does not correspond with the conditions of osteosynthesis fit for active or passive movement. Ligament healing requires additional fixation, gymnastic mobilisation under control is necessary. The wires should be removed completely after 8-10 weeks, intrathoracic dislocation requires treatment by a surgeon with good experience in thoracic surgery. PMID- 7225185 TI - A study of old lesions of caisson disease of bone by radiography and bone scintigraphy. AB - A group of patients were studied 10 years after stopping work in a high-pressure environment. Radiographs of their long bones showed little change during the period, but only two of 12 scintigrams were normal. The 10 abnormal scintigrams contained 18 "hot-spots" which were not always associated with an abnormal radiographic appearance; the findings suggest that some lesions may never become visible on a radiograph. A reactive or repair process associated with these lesions may be prolonged and may not be beneficial, as structural failure of the joint may subsequently occur. Prognosis should therefore be guarded. PMID- 7225186 TI - Lumbosacral fracture-dislocations. A report of four cases. AB - Four patients with lumbosacral fracture-dislocation are presented. The common mechanism of injury was hyperflexion with compression. A rotational element may be implicated in single facet dislocation. Although lumbosacral fracture dislocations can be managed conservatively, the best method of treatment is open reduction and bone grafting as soon after injury as possible. Only this will ensure complete correction of the deformity and prevent later deterioration. PMID- 7225187 TI - Fracture of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia: a review of 35 patients. AB - Thirty-five patients (28 children and seven adults) were reviewed six months to 22 years after sustaining the common childhood fracture of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia. The aim was to assess both short-term and long-term results and prognosis by clinical and radiological examination and to discover whether conservative treatment was adequate for those severe fractures where a fragment of the tibial crest had been totally displaced. All the less severe fractures and 14 of the 17 severe fractures were treated conservatively. Early improvement occurred in more patients when the knee was immobilised in extension rather than in flexion, but long-term results were similar. Seven patients had slight discomfort, two of whom had had operative treatment. Radiographs of all patients showed a projection at the fracture site but its size did not correlate with the extent of displacement of the fragment nor with the degree of discomfort suffered; in the severe group a smaller projection developed after open reduction and after immobilisation in extension than after immobilisation in flexion. There was no instability due to functional lengthening of the cruciate ligaments and no increased incidence of degenerative change. PMID- 7225188 TI - [Analogs of mitomycin. II]. PMID- 7225189 TI - Application of aminoethylcellulose-chromatographic separation of monomeric and polymeric ADP-ribose. PMID- 7225190 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the left ventricle associated with polyvisceral hydatidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7225191 TI - [Tuberculosis epidemic among immigrants]. PMID- 7225192 TI - [Tracheal intubation - problems with implementation and possible solutions]. PMID- 7225193 TI - The inhibitory action of two thrombin inhibitors (TI-189 and TI-233) on the contractile responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine and prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue (U-44069) in isolated vascular strips. AB - 1. Two arginine derivatives that were developed as thrombin inhibitors (TI-189 and TI-233) selectively inhibited the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced contraction of rabbit aortic strips in a competitive manner. The PA2 values of TI 189 and TI-233 were 5.24 +/- 0.21 and 6.23 +/- 0.32 respectively. 2. Even at 10( 4) M they had no inhibitory effect on the contractile response to noradrenaline (NA), histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGF2 alpha, arachidonic acid or potassium in rabbit aortic strips. 3. In dog basilar and coronary arterial strips and also in rat fundus, both agents inhibited the 5-HT response in a non competitive manner. 4. At 10(-5) M, TI-233 but not TI-189 antagonized effects of NA and KCl in the dog basilar and coronary arteries. 5. These arginine derivatives decreased the contractile responses induced by a prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue (U-44069) in rabbit aorta and in dog basilar and coronary arteries but there was no evidence for competitive antagonism. 6. These results indicate that the arginine derivatives are competitive antagonists selective for 5-HT receptors in rabbit aorta. PMID- 7225195 TI - Seizures elicited by subcutaneous injection of metrazol during ontogenesis in rats. AB - Metrazol administered subcutaneously at a dose of 80 mg . kg-1 elicited genuine minimal seizures (predominantly clonic) in adult, 45- and 25-day-old rats. The same dose of metrazol resulted in long-lasting generalized tonic-clonic seizures in rats aged 15 days and younger. Eighteen-day-old rats represented a transitory stage in which both types of seizures were present: minor seizures at first and then, after a short resting period, major seizures. A different seizure pattern in young rats was not induced by their higher sensitivity to metrazol, but was caused by the level of neural maturation. PMID- 7225194 TI - Adjuvant effects of tilorone hydrochloride (analog 11,567) with inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus vaccine. PMID- 7225196 TI - Is the diagnosis of "mass hysteria" an excuse for incomplete investigation of low level environmental contamination? AB - "Mass hysteria" is an epidemic diagnostic term used to characterize unexplained outbreaks of syncope among women. A syncope outbreak among women in a meeting in a rural area of Michigan prompted an intense investigation for etiology. Low levels of ozone; carbon monoxide, and pentane were found associated with the outbreak. These levels were too low by themselves to explain the symptoms. A sociometric scale of intensity of illness was devised and found to be highly correlated (r = -0.94) with the weight of those who fainted. It is argued that mass hysteria may be the result of interactions of low levels of toxicants and may not be a result of the "hysterical" behavior in women at all. PMID- 7225197 TI - Isometric strength testing. PMID- 7225198 TI - Cigarette smoking, lung cancer and CME - a clarification. PMID- 7225201 TI - [Thoracic duct-internal jugular vein anastomosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7225200 TI - [Small bowel strangulating obstruction following antecolic Billroth II gastrectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7225199 TI - Activity of ethyl 5-(p-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoate, a new hypocholesterolemic compound, in male rats and SEA Japanese quail. AB - Ethyl 5-(p-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoate (HMP), a new hypocholesterolemic compound, was evaluated in male rats at dosage levels ranging from 25-800 mg/kg/day and in SEA Japanese quail at approximately 200 mg/kg/day. In the rat, the atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol, that is, the combination of very low density plus low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C + LDL-C), was reduced 20-27% at dosage levels over 100 mg/kg/day, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total serum cholesterol (TSC) were significantly decreased 25-46%, respectively, at all dose levels of HMP. Liver weights with HMP treatment were significantly elevated (11-26%) in the rat. HMP was not active in the SEA Japanese quail, since an initial reduction in artery cholesterol could not be confirmed in subsequent tests. PMID- 7225202 TI - [Comment: Some cursory opinions on the current researches in immunology in our country (author's transl)]. PMID- 7225203 TI - [Lectures: Progress in etiological researches in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7225204 TI - Primary structure of murine major histocompatibility complex alloantigens. Amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal ninety-eight residues of the H-2Db glycoprotein. AB - The NH2-terminal 98 amino acid residues of the murine histocompatibility antigen H-2Db have been assigned using radiochemical methodology. This represents the first extensive, continuous sequence information for a histocompatibility antigen encoded by the H-2D locus and allows comparison with the recently determined amino acid sequence of the H-2Kb molecule. The amino acid sequence was obtained from the sequences of three CNBr peptides, CN-E, CN-D, and CN-B, which comprise residues 1-5, 6-52, and 53-98, respectively. The amino acid sequence of CN-E was determined directly while the sequences of CN-D and CN-B were determined by NH2 terminal sequence analyses and sequence determinations of peptides produced by thrombin, staphylococcal V8 protease, and trypsin cleavage. Alignment of the CNBr peptides was accomplished by NH2-terminal sequence analysis of the H-2Db papain fragment (CN-E to CN-D) and by analyzing peptides from a tryptic digest of the intact H-2Db molecule. Positive identification was possible for all amino acids except Asp and Asn-86 which were indirectly assigned (in italics). The sequence obtained was Gly-Pro-His-Ser-Met-Arg-Tyr-Phe-Glu-Thr-Ala-Val-Ser-Arg-Pro-Gly-Leu Glu-Glu-Pro -Arg-Tyr-Ile-Ser-Val-Gly-Tyr-Val-Asp-Asn-Lys-Glu-Phe-Val-Arg-Phe-Asp Ser-Asp-Ala-Glu-Asn-Pro-Arg-Tyr-Glu-Pro-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Met-Glu-Gln-Glu-Gly-Pro Glu-Tyr-T rp-Glu-Arg-Glu-Thr-Gln-Lys-Ala-Lys-Gly-Gln-Glu-Gln-Trp-Phe-Arg-Val-Ser Leu-Arg-Asn-Leu-Leu-Gly-Tyr-Tyr-Asn-Gln-Ser-Ala-Gly-Gly-Ser-His-Thr-Leu-Gln-Gln Met. PMID- 7225205 TI - [Retinopathia diabetica proliferans in various age (author's transl)]. AB - Interrelations between the process of growing old and diabetic proliferative retinopathy are investigated with 45 patients, arranged in two groups, group I (21 cases) comprising patients of 20 to 30 years of age, group II (24 cases) patients 50 to 60 years. Inner structures and certain conditions of retinopathy prove to remain untouched, only the appearance is diminishing during the process of growing old. All this is reflected by the attendant nephropathy and the other forms of angiopathy. Behind it there are the multifarious symptoms of aging, contingent chiefly on the changing endocrine and the early developing of vascular "old-age sclerosis". PMID- 7225206 TI - Transvenous embolization of internal spermatic veins: nonoperative approach to treatment of varicocele. AB - Eleven men, shown on routine spermatic venography to have bilateral varicocele, underwent transjugular bilateral embolization of the internal spermatic veins with stainless steel coils or Ivalon plugs. Embolization of the left spermatic vein was successful in 9; in the other 2 it was not attempted because of aberrant drainage of the vein. Embolization of right spermatic vein was successful in 8 patients. There were three complications, none of which was serious. These preliminary results suggest that both internal spermatic veins can be occluded consistently by the transjugular approach. However, it has not yet been established that fertility is improved by detecting and correcting varicocele on the right side. PMID- 7225208 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Senecio scandens Buch,-Ham (author's transl)]. PMID- 7225207 TI - Comparisons of serotests with calf inoculations for detection of carriers in anaplasmosis- vaccinated cattle. AB - Fifteen months after discontinuing vaccination for anaplasmosis in a herd of 131 cattle, 126 of the animals were reactive to the complement-fixation or card agglutination tests. Inoculation of splenectomized calves proved that 9 animals were carriers and 117 animals were free of anaplasmosis. Anaplasmosis vaccination induced titers detectable by the standard serotests that persisted for at least 15 months. PMID- 7225210 TI - [Reimplantation of the finger]. PMID- 7225209 TI - The interaction of 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzylhydrazine with DOPA decarboxylase from pig kidney. PMID- 7225211 TI - Histologic typing of breast cancer. PMID- 7225212 TI - Family Court counselling with separating families. AB - Family Court counsellors, attached to the Family Court, see married couples who are separating, particularly those already involved, or likely to be, in Court disputes concerning their children. Children seen by the counsellors are from families in crises, and are usually detrimentally affected by family separation, and more so by any accompanying conflict. The impact on them depends on their developmental stage and position in the family system, and may be manifested in aggressive behaviour, general anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms, or manipulation and 'acting out'. The examination of the whole family system is essential to defuse the situation and thereby move the focus from the children; the close cooperation of all professionals working with the family is necessary to achieve this. PMID- 7225213 TI - Multifacility program addresses both QA and risk management. PMID- 7225215 TI - Differential effects of electrical stimulation of amygdala or caudate on inhibitory shock avoidance: a role for state-dependent learning. AB - The present study examined the disruptive effects of low-intensity electrical stimulation in the caudate or amygdala on retention of inhibitory shock avoidance. Caudate stimulation administered during a training trial disrupted inhibitory avoidance on a retest trial. However, animals receiving caudate stimulation during both training and retention trials displayed good retention of this behavior and did not differ significantly from implanted controls. These data suggest a role for state-dependent learning in mediating the disruptive effects of caudate stimulation on inhibitory shock avoidance. No evidence was found for state-dependent effects with amygdaloid stimulation. Animals receiving stimulation only during training or during both training and retest trials showed comparable disruption of inhibitory shock avoidance. These data provide evidence for locus-specific state-dependent effects of electrical brain-stimulation. The implications of these state-dependent effects are discussed with respect to the use of electrical brain-stimulation to study the neural substrates of memory. PMID- 7225214 TI - [Principles of training technics and the cardiovascular monitoring of training]. PMID- 7225216 TI - Discrepant effects of unilateral and bilateral forebrain lesions on the visual performance of pigeons. AB - The monocular and binocular performance of pigeons with bilateral, unilateral or sham lesions in the telencephalic Wulst was tested with visual discrimination tasks. Unilateral lesions yielded a marked deficit when the animals could only use the eye contralateral to the lesion. Otherwise the accomplishments of the ablated animals did not differ from that of the controls. The reciprocal inhibition of symmetrical visual brain stem centers is thought to have been unbalanced through the one-sided interruption of a known pathway descending from the Wulst. PMID- 7225217 TI - Sleep elicited by olfactory tubercle stimulation and the effect of atropine. AB - The effects of high-frequency olfactory tubercle (TbOf) stimulations were studied on the EEG and behaviour of freely-moving cats. The results were as follows: (1) TbOf stimulation elicited sleep similar in every respect to physiological sleep; (2) statistical evaluation of the results showed that primarily the appearance and maintenance of slow wave sleep was facilitated by the stimulations. Stimulations during paradoxical sleep had no effect, but they did promote the recurrence of slow wave sleep after the paradoxical sleep. The effect of stimulations during wakefulness depended on the on-going activity; (3) TbOf stimulations brought about synchronization, which was characterized by a similar arousal threshold as for physiological sleep; and (4)atropine treatment prevented the behavioural effects and did not influence the EEG effects of the stimulations. PMID- 7225218 TI - Hippocampal lesion effects on conditioned taste aversion and pituitary-adrenal activity in rats. AB - A series of experiments examined the effects of hippocampal lesions on conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and pituitary-adrenal activity. Experiment 1 examined recovery from a conditioned taste aversion under conditions of free extinction. Hippocampal and unoperated rats recovered from the aversion at the same rate. Further, this experiment showed that the suppression in drinking in both groups produced by lithium chloride (LiCl) injection was a conditioned taste aversion (was dependent upon the pairing of the taste stimulus with LiCl) and not enhanced neophobia. In Experiment 2 there were no behavioral effects of the lesion in a forced extinction CTA paradigm. In addition, hippocampal lesions failed to alter pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to LiCl. In the same experiment, pituitary-adrenal responsiveness of hippocampectomized rats, when re-exposed to the taste paired earlier with LiCl, was altered. Hippocampal lesions eliminated the elevation in corticosterone shown by unoperated control and neocortical lesioned rats. The third experiment replicated this finding showing again that hippocampal-lesioned rats failed to show the forced extinction elevation in corticosterone when exposed to the aversive taste (Experiment 3). These data were integrated with other reports of behavioral and pituitary-adrenal alterations in hippocampal-lesioned rats. PMID- 7225219 TI - Escape and approach induced by brain stimulation: a parametric analysis. AB - The study reported pursued two general aims: (a) to find out whether a brain stimulation-induced escape response results from the bringing into play of similar mechanisms irrespective of whether the stimulation is applied to a site located in the mesencephalic central gray (CG), in the medial hypothalamus (MH) or in the lateral hypothalamus (LH); and (b) to verify whether escape and approach that can be induced by stimulating one and the same hypothalamic site result from a combined activation of two distinct neuronal systems, by means of specifying some of their functional characteristics that would possibly allow differentiation between them. Three experiments were carried out using a situation (shuttle-box) that allowed the measurement, for each given brain site, of both the time for which the rat underwent the stimulation before interrupting it (stimulation time, st., corresponding to an escape latency) and the time for which the animal remained non-stimulated before eventually restarting the stimulation himself (non-stimulation time, nst, corresponding to an approach latency). The following stimulation parameters were varied: the pulse duration (D), the stimulation intensity (I) and the interpulse interval (IPI = 1/stimulation frequency), i.e. the time interval that separated the beginning of a stimulating pulse from the beginning of the next one. The results obtained suggest the following. (1) Some of the mechanisms implicated in the elaboration of an escape response are similar irrespective of whether escape is induced by stimulating a site located in the CG, in the MH or in the LH. PMID- 7225220 TI - Learning in rhesus monkeys after amygdalectomy in infancy or adulthood. AB - This study examined the learning abilities of mature rhesus monkeys that had been subjected to bilateral amygdalectomy either during infancy or adulthood. At 4 1/2 years of age, 6 female monkeys that had been amygdalectomized in infancy and 12 neurologically intact controls were trained on a barpress avoidance problem. At 6 years, half the controls were amygdalectomized. At 7 1/2 years, the infant operated, adult-operated and control monkeys were trained on shock-motivated problems, including a panelpress avoidance and 15 position reversals, and food motivated problems, including delayed alternation and 15 position reversals. Infant-amygdalectomized monkeys required significantly more sessions than controls to meet the barpress avoidance criterion at 4 1/2 years, and they also took longer to extinguish the response. At 7 1/2 years, neither the infant- nor the adult-operated monkeys exhibited any difficulty with the shock-motivated problems. On the food-motivated problems, however, both amygdalectomy groups made more preservative errors than controls. The cumulative results from this study and from previous studies with these animals suggest that amygdalectomy in infancy produces no long-term sparing of function in monkeys. When infant- and adult-operated monkeys are tested at the same age, their deficits are indistinguishable. PMID- 7225221 TI - Acuity, luminance, and monocular deprivation in the cat. AB - Visual acuity was determined for both eyes of long-term monocular-deprived cats over a wide luminance range. The influence of luminance on the rate of pattern vision recovery was also examined. Unlike strabismic humans and cats, the acuity deficit of monocularly deprived cats is not luminance dependent. This acuity is much worse at all luminance levels in the deprived eye. Likewise, initial testing of the deprived eye at low luminance levels does not facilitate recovery of pattern vision. Therefore, monocular lid fusion results in a visual deficit that differs from the effects of strabismus but resembles the effects of anisometropia in man. PMID- 7225222 TI - Electroencephalographic analysis of activities in the optic tectum of unrestrained carp. AB - Electroencephalographic activity of the optic tectum in unrestrained resting carp was classified into three dominant frequency ranges of 4-7, 8-13 and 14-25 HZ, peaking at 6, 10, and 17 and 22 HZ, respectively, under power spectral analysis. All these activities were suppressed in the dark. The suppression was most prominent in the 8-13 HZ waves, but less so in the 4-7 HZ. However, while the fish was swimming actively, the 4-7 HZ spectrum increased in power and no actual increase could be observed for the higher frequency waves. Thus, it is probable that the 4-7 HZ waves involve rich motor activity, while the 8-13 HZ waves are mainly visual. The tectal activity was enhanced in the hypoxic state, with an increase in all frequency components, and enhanced further after loading, each of which corresponds to the hypoxic and post-hypoxic activations described for the mammalian cortex. A component analysis for the photically evoked response in restrained carp supported the four peaks of fundamental tectal rhythm being obtained as the spontaneous activity. In addition, each component belonging to the lower two peaks could be decomposed into the others, suggesting that the 17 and 22 HZ waves might be elementary for the tectal activity. PMID- 7225223 TI - Effects of gonadectomy and exogenous gonadal steroids on sex differences in open field behaviour of adult rats. AB - Two experiments were carried out to investigate the contribution of gonadal hormones to the expression of sex differences in open field behaviour of adult female and male rats. In the first experiment rats were gonadectomized or sham operated in adulthood and tested in the open field 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 weeks later (3 min/rat on 3 consecutive days during the light period of the day). It was found that following gonadectomy the well known sex difference in ambulation and rearing behaviour (females more than males), as well as in defaecation (females less than males) remained. Ovariectomy caused a decrease in ambulation and rearing, with an increase in defaecation, whereas castration had no significant effect on ambulation and rearing, but also increased defaecation. Also an overall increase in ambulation and rearing was found: animals tested 5 and 6 weeks following the operation were significantly more active than animals tested at 1-4 weeks after the operation. In the second experiment female and male rats were gonadectomized and 7 weeks later they received a silastic implant containing testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), oestradiol (E2), DHT plus E2, or nothing (control condition). Four weeks after the implantation the animals were tested in the open field (3 min/rat on 3 consecutive days). An overall sex difference was found for ambulation (females more than males) and for defaecation (females less than males). The only effect of hormone administration was found in DHT-treated animals: lowest ambulation and highest defaecation compared to other hormone and control animals. No differences were found between the T, E2, DHT plus E2, and control animals. From these data it was concluded that endogenous gonadal steroids seem to play a minor role in the expression of sex differences in adult open field behaviour in the rat. PMID- 7225224 TI - Alterations in brain norepinephrine metabolism and behavior induced by environmental stimuli previously paired with inescapable shock. AB - After exposure to a single session of inescapable footshock, rats show deficits in escape performance 24 h later when required to lever press on a fixed ratio (FR-3) schedule. Footshock stress produces an immediate increase in brain levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4), a major metabolite of norepinephrine in rat brain. Twenty-four hours after a single or repeated session(s) of footshock stress, when levels of MHPG-SO4 returned to baseline, increases in brain levels of MHPG-SO4, crouching and defecation behavior were elicited in rats by neutral environmental stimuli that had been previously paired with inescapable footshock stress. These results suggest that sensitization or conditioning of noradrenergic neuronal systems may be induced by environmental stimuli previously paired with stress, and may help to explain, at least in part, the deficits in escape performance observed 24 h after exposure to inescapable shock. PMID- 7225225 TI - [5,6-Disubstituted imidazo-[2,1-b]thiazoles with potential inflammatory activity]. PMID- 7225226 TI - Application of inexpensive equipment for HPLC to assays for reproterol in pharmaceutical tablets. PMID- 7225227 TI - [Effect of aging on stability and dissolution velocity of controlled-release ferrous sulfate tablets]. PMID- 7225228 TI - [Activity and metabolism in the rat of compounds from the bark of and synthetic products with anthraquinone structures]. PMID- 7225229 TI - Biological assaying of animal organ extracts by means of enzymatic activities. PMID- 7225230 TI - "GOT" and/or "LDH" activity as a "titer" of commercial organ extracts from liver and placenta. PMID- 7225231 TI - Differential pulse polarographic determination of thiomersal transported through an artificial membrane simulating an isolated rabbit cornea. PMID- 7225232 TI - [Proposal for the Pharmacopeia: tolu balsam fluid extract]. PMID- 7225233 TI - Release of drugs in vitro from different dermatological preparations. PMID- 7225234 TI - [Identification by superimposition of the skull on face photography using television: experimental application of a new method]. AB - A new method of skull-face superimposition for forensic positive identification has been carried out. A single TV camera equipment with a special optical device was used. The tested specimens (22) were able to demonstrate the necessity to standardize the method in order to avoid errors. PMID- 7225236 TI - [Influence of various dialyzers on acid-base balance in hemodialysis]. AB - Various dialyzers and acid-base balance in haemodialysis: 12 patients aged 32 to 52 years in periodic haemodialysis (4hx3) with residue diuresis absent, were examined during four trimestrial cycles with four different dialyzers (Nephross 16 F I60, Gambro Lundia Optima I3,5 micron, RP 5I0, Vita 2). The acid-base balance was examined 30 days after starting of each cycle. The results are reported and discussed. PMID- 7225235 TI - [Histological findings on the relation between elastosis and breast neoplasms and dysplasia]. AB - Connective tissue changes with particular reference to elastosis in malignant and dysplastic breasts are studied. Hyperelastosis was closely associated with carcinoma particular with scirrhous type also in the perineoplastic area; on the contrary the percentage of the phenomena in benign displastic disease is significantly low. Elastosis was located around carcinomatous tissue, mammary neoplastic ducts and also around veins and as scattered foci in the stroma. The site of production of elastic fibers is discussed. Elastosis accompanying carcinoma is considered more than a simple association but its prognostic significance has not an absolute value. PMID- 7225237 TI - [Hyperbaric therapy and experimental peritonitis]. AB - The AA, report about the action explicate by the hyperbaric treatment on the evolution of the experimental peritonitises from hurt of the digestive tube. In their opinion the AA, a hyperbaric daily treatment of an hour at two ATA exercises a protection about evolution of the peritoneal syndrome. PMID- 7225239 TI - [Importance of the degeneration of afferent components of the hypoglossal nerve on the reflex activity of the nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve in the frog]. AB - The section of frog XII cranial nerve facilitates the reflex activity given by its nucleus. Since this positive effects is not dependent upon any motoneurons degeneration, the hypothesis has been put forward that only the afferent component of the XII nerve is able to modulate the reflex activity by means of PAD effect at the solitarius nucleus. This hypothesis has been tested examining the effect both on the glossopharyngeal reflex response and on the DRR following excision respectively of the dorsal root and of the whole hypoglossal nerve. In preparations with a XII dorsal root transected, electrical stimulation of the homolateral glossopharyngeus nerve evoked a much more intense reflex response than at the intact side. The same effect was evident after the section of the whole nerve. PMID- 7225238 TI - [Effect of section of the hypoglossal nerve on the glossopharyngeal-hypoglossal reflex in the frog]. AB - This research concerns the modulation by lingual afferences of the reflex activity of frog XII nucleus. Some informations on the processes utilized to obtain this effect has been achieved by comparing the glossopharyngeal hypoglossal reflex evoked bilaterally after excision of one hypoglossal nerve. The reflex response and electrotonic potential become more intense omolaterally to the section of XII at the IV-V day; However these effects disappear later (XII XV day). These observations completely disagree with the presence of a large injury normally produced in the nucleus of XII by retrograde motoneuron degeneration. The reflex facilitation has been attributed therefore to the degeneration of the afferent component which is associated in the amphibia to the XII and exerts centrally a PAD effects. PMID- 7225240 TI - [Vascular flow-regulating devices in the human kidney]. AB - Small arterious and venous vessels of the juxtamedullary cortex of normal human kidney present wall formations regulating the blood flow. The arterious devices appear either as sphincterial rings at the origins of collateral branches of interlobular arteries, or as groups of myoepithelioid cells in the wall of small arteries immediately preceding the afferent arterioles. The venular devices consist of circular muscular thickenings repeated along the course of the vessel. PMID- 7225241 TI - [The presence of arteriovenous anastomoses in the human kidney]. AB - The microscopic observation of serial sections obtained from normal human kidneys allowed to demonstrate the presence of arteriovenous anastomoses in the juxtamedullary cortex. In particular one section is shown which clearly presents an anastomotic channel along with its connections to both an afferent arteriole and a venule. PMID- 7225242 TI - Investigations into some pharmacological actions of ergometrine. AB - In contrast to the classical dopaminergic agonist, Eg did not stimulate ACh output from the cerebral cortex of anaesthetized rat. The effect of the drug on guinea-pig and rat vas deferens was mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors and the same is true for arterial blood pressure of rats. In the cardiovascular system of guinea-pig Eg behaved like Histamine. PMID- 7225243 TI - A method for the measurement of light transmission using a photometer provided with a measuring and a reference photocell along with a bifurcated fiber optic light guide. AB - A method for the measurement of light transmission is described. It makes use of an illuminator, a photometer to which a measuring and a reference photocell are connected, a bifurcated light guide and four special holders, two for the photocells and two for the branches of the light guide. The reference photocell gives the values of the first intensity while the measuring photocell, covered by the sample to be examined, gives the values of the second intensity. By just switching from one photocell to the other, without moving the sample it is possible to verify the values of both the first and the second intensity and consequently insure more precise measurements. PMID- 7225244 TI - Instruments to facilitate in-vivo light transmission measurements. AB - Three instruments for making in-vivo light transmission measurements are described. They consist of a special holder for the photocell to be connected to the photometer, a fiber optic light guide to be connected to the illuminator, and the instrument itself which holds them together in a way so that the beam of light impinges directly on the photocell. A graded ruler, along with a vernier, make it possible to measure the thickness of the tissue as well. PMID- 7225245 TI - Staircase in lizard ventricle. I. Time-course analysis in the normal inotropic state. AB - The staircases drawn by the isometric twitches up to the attainment of the steady state at frequencies in the range of 1 to 60 min-1 have been studied in superfused half-ventricles of lizard, showing a normal inotropic state. The differences between the instantaneous twitch tension and the steady-state value has proved to be fitted by the algebraic sum of 3 or 4 exponential phases. The analysis of the electrical and mechanical activity of the preparation suggests a correlation between each exponential contribution to the staircase profile and the changes of the action potential duration as well as of the balance between the two sources (transmembrane influx and impulsive release from an intra or extracellular store) of calcium ions activating the contraction. PMID- 7225246 TI - Staircase in lizard ventricle. II. Time-course analysis in the hypodynamic state. AB - The analysis of the staircases in lizard ventricle, that was the object of the preceding paper, has been extended to the hypodynamic condition, induced by the prolonged perfusion of the ventricular preparation at high flow rate. For comparison, the effects of lowered [Ca]0 on the normal ventricle as well as of raised [Ca]0 on the hypodynamic ventricle have been also investigated. The results show that the low rate (less than or equal to 2 min-1) staircase in hypodynamic condition is formally described by the same algebraic sum of exponentials as in normal hearts: Pt - Ps - - phi 1 - phi 2 + phi 5, although with altered values of both their extrapolations P' at the time t0 and their time constants tau. On the contrary, t high beat rates the staircase profiles obey to the the eqn.: Pt - Ps = - phi 2 + phi 3 - phi 4 + phi 5, which is characterized by the absence of the phi 1 component, as well as by the occurrence of the phi 4 component, that fits to an early phase of rapid build-up of the isometric twitch tension from the reduced values of the hypodynamic "rested state contraction'. A two-fold increase of the [Ca]0 approaches the time-course of the hypodynamic staircases, whether at low or at high beat rate, to that displayed by the ventricles in normal inotropic state. The results are discussed on the assumption of the double-source hypothesis for the Ca that activates the contraction in the lizard ventricular cells. PMID- 7225247 TI - [Hepatic and intestinal toxicity of furazan and furoxan derivatives]. AB - Histological examination revealed that 4-methylfurazan-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide (I); 3-methylfuroxan-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide (II); 4-methylfurazan 3-carboxylic acid amide(III); 4-methylfuroxan-3-carboxylic acid amide (IV), caused hepatic and intestinal lesion in the mouse. At the higher doses a destruction of the intestinal mucosa and a vasodilatation of the hepatic sinusoid was observed. At lower doses hepatic steatosis was observed. PMID- 7225249 TI - [Photometric determination of microsomal epoxide hydrase activity by the 4-(p nitrobenzyl)pyridine test]. AB - In the present paper, a simple photometric assay of microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity using the 4-NBP test is described. The outline of this method is the reaction of 4-NBP with the unreacted oxide extracted from incubation medium in separated ethyl-acetate layer, followed by measurement of absorbancy at 560 nm. The usefulness of this assay can be in application to all epoxides enough alkylating and it can be used for routine analyses which don't request either particular instruments or suitable standards of synthesis. PMID- 7225248 TI - [Differences in the content of total and reduced glutathione between Yoshida hepatoma cells and normal liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7225250 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular filling characteristics after mitral valve replacement with the St Jude medical prosthesis. AB - The major cause of late mortality and morbidity after prosthetic valve replacement is thromboembolism. The nidus for initiation of thrombus formation has been blood metal interfaces, and a new valve--the St Jude prosthesis--has therefore been developed without any metal components. We have assessed echocardiographically in 27 patients the effects of this valve on left ventricular filling characteristics when inserted in the mitral position and compared the findings with those in patients having mitral valve replacement with Starr-Edwards or Bjork-Shiley prostheses and with those in patients undergoing repair of the native mitral valve. Echocardiograms were recorded and digitised. Measurements were made of the peak rate of increase of dimension (dD/dt) and duration of rapid filling. Values for the St Jude valve were 13.2 +/- 3.4 cm/s and 160 +/- 40 ms, respectively. The peak rate of dD/dt increase was significantly greater than with either the Bjork-Shiley valve or the Starr Edwards valve and was comparable with findings in mitral valve repair. The duration of the rapid filling phase was not significantly different from control values but was less than that of the Starr-Edwards valve. This study indicates that the new St Jude medical valve is less obstructive than either the Bjork Shiley or Starr-Edwards prostheses. This together with its low thrombogenicity suggests that further trials of this new valve should be undertaken. PMID- 7225252 TI - Vasodilator treatment with isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in chronic heart failure. AB - Several reports have suggested that because isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine have different and additive haemodynamic effects at rest in patients with chronic heart failure, these agents should be administered in combination. Some studies, however, indicate thay they are effective individually as well. Since most patients with heart failure are symptomatic only with activity, we examined the haemodynamic effects of these drugs given individually and in combination, at rest and during upright bicycle exercise. As has been noted previously, at rest isosorbide significantly lowered both ventricular filling pressures and did not change cardiac output; hydralazine increased cardiac output and had only a slight effect on pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; combined treatment produced both beneficial effects. In contrast, during exercise isosorbide dinitrate also raised cardiac output while hydralazine more dramatically lowered the wedge pressure. Combined treatment produced significantly greater improvement in each haemodynamic index than either drug alone, with a resulting 54 per cent increase in exercise cardiac output, and a 33 per cent reduction in exercise wedge pressure. Maximal oxygen consumption increased acutely during combined treatment. These findings suggest that isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine may each be effective in some patients, but that they are even more beneficial in combination. PMID- 7225251 TI - Non-invasive measurement of left ventricular function in coronary artery disease. Comparison of first pass radionuclide ventriculography, M-mode echocardiography, and systolic time intervals. AB - Fifty consecutive patients having had cardiac catheterisation for coronary artery disease also underwent testing by three non-invasive methods commonly employed for assessment of left ventricular function. These included the first pass radionuclide ejection fraction, fractional shortening of the M-mode echocardiographic left ventricular internal dimension, and pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time ratio derived from systolic time intervals (PEP/LVET). Linear correlations of these non-invasive measures with cineangiographic ejection fractions were calculated. The first pass radionuclide ejection fraction correlated best. Echocardiograms and systolic time intervals proved less versatile since 11 of 50 echocardiograms were technically not suitable for measurement and 11 of 50 systolic time intervals could not be used because of left ventricular conduction delays. Overall, radionuclide ventriculography proved to be the most accurate and practical of these non invasive techniques in evaluating left ventricular function in this group of patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7225253 TI - Comparison of serum myoglobin and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. AB - We compared the clinical usefulness of serum myoglobin and creatine kinase MB (CK MB) isoenzyme determinations in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in 109 consecutive patients admitted to a coronary care unit. Of these, 37 patients were diagnosed as having definite infarction, three possible infarction, and 69 no infarction, using World Heath Organisation criteria. Blood samples were taken on admission and two to four hours later, Both CK MB and myoglobin were raised in the initial serum samples in 24 of the 37 patients with definite infarction. In an additional seven patients both CK MB and myoglobin were negative in the first specimen though both were detected in the second sample. In five patients CK MB preceded the appearance of myoglobin while in the remaining patient myoglobin appeared before CK MB. We conclude that the detection of serum myoglobin does not offer any clinical advantage over CK MG as an early indicator of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7225256 TI - Non-fatal healed transmural myocardial infarction and fatal non-cardiac disease. Qualification and quantification of coronary arterial narrowing and of left ventricular scarring in 18 necropsy patients. AB - A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the amount of myocardial scarring and the degree and extent of coronary arterial narrowing by atherosclerotic plaque in the entire lengths of each of the four major epicardial coronary arteries is described in 18 necropsy patients with healed transmural myocardial infarcts and death from a non-cardiac condition. An average of 30 per cent of the basal half and 38 per cent of the apical half of the left ventricular wall was scarred. The nine patients with clinical evidence of previous acute myocardial infarction tended to have larger left ventricular scars than the nine patients without such evidence but the difference was not significant. An average of 26 cm (51 5 mm segments) of coronary artery were examined from each patient ad 25 cm (49 5 mm segments) from each of 19 control subjects. Of 924 segments examined in the 18 patients, 292 (32%) were 76 to 100 per cent narrowed in cross-sectional area (controls = 5); 321 (35%) were 51 to 75 per cent narrowed (controls = 34%); 210 (23%) were 26 to 50 per cent narrowed (controls = 44%), and 101 (11%) were 0 to 25 per cent narrowed (controls = 17%). The extent of severe narrowing of 75 per cent or more was similar (25%) in the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries; the right was the most severely narrowed artery and the left main was not severely narrowed in any patient. Excluding, then, the left main artery, the amount of severe narrowing in the proximal and distal halves of the other three vessels was similar. The amount of severe narrowing was not related to the age at death or to heart weight, but was greater in patients with hypertension or with a history of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7225255 TI - Coronary artery thrombosis in patients with unstable angina. AB - This report describes the clinical course, coronary artery anatomy, and ventricular function of 16 patients in whom coronary artery thrombosis was detected at the time of cardiac catheterisation. All patients had an unstable clinical course in which accelerated angina occurred a mean of four weeks (range four days to 12 weeks) before catheterisation, and four patients had recent subendocardial myocardial infarction. In all patients severe coronary artery disease was documented at catheterisation. Fifteen patients had segmental wall motion abnormalities involving the left ventricular wall that was supplied by the coronary artery in which there was thrombus. Three patterns of coronary artery thrombus were noted: (1) Thrombus proximal to high-grade coronary artery stenosis; (2) thrombus distal to high-grade coronary artery stenosis; and (3) thrombus in segments of the arterial tree in which there was no high-grade coronary artery stenosis. Though the precise cause of the coronary artery thrombosis in our patients is unknown, it may have been a result of stasis, a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque, or coronary spasm. The common clinical course with unstable angina of acute onset suggests the possibility that the thrombus may have been responsible for the abrupt change in clinical condition or may have been a contributing factor in the patients' course. PMID- 7225254 TI - Atresia of left atrioventricular orifice. Anatomical investigation in 62 cases. AB - Sixty-two hearts without a patent exit from the left atrium to the ventricular mass have been studied. All had situs solitus and laevocardia. The material consisted of 32 cases with coexistent aortic atresia and 30 cases with patent aortic root. Five hearts with aortic atresia were biventricular with atrioventricular concordance and imperforate left atrioventricular valves, and 27 hearts were univentricular of right ventricular type, with absent left atrioventricular connection. The anatomy of this group was uniform, with extreme hypoplasia of all the left cardiac segments. Among the cases with patent aortic root, five were biventricular, with atrioventricular concordance and imperforate left atrioventricular valves, and 24 had absent left atrioventricular connection, 15 with univentricular heart of right ventricular type and nine with univentricular heart of left ventricular type. The final heart had double inlet univentricular of left ventricular type with an imperforate left atrioventricular valve. In this second group the aorta was larger in cases with discordant ventriculoarterial connection or in those with double outlet from the main ventricular chamber. A normal sized aorta without aortic arch obstruction was observed in nine instances. These are of great interest in terms of surgical anatomy since definitive palliation may be feasible. PMID- 7225257 TI - Low blood pressure in psychiatric inpatients. AB - Blood pressure recordings in 116 female psychiatric inpatients were analysed. Sixty-nine women had schizophrenia, the remainder a variety of psychiatric conditions. All had been in hospital continuously for more than one year, the average for 19 years continuously. An average of seven recordings of blood pressure per patient had been made during that time. The latest of these compared well with measurements made independently using a sphygmomanometer free from observer bias. On admission to hospital the blood pressure of these patients was close to that of two normal populations. Thereafter it failed to rise at the normal rate and after an average of 19 years, in the women having measurements made by special sphygmomanometer, systolic pressure was 28 mmHg lower than controls of the same age while diastolic pressure was 12.8 mmHg lower. Lower than control blood pressure was apparent in schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic women and in women taking no drugs, phenothiazines, and other drugs. Weight loss is an unlikely explanation: the mean weight of these women was 61.5 kg compared with 64.1 kg in a local control population of the same age. Some factor related to prolonged isolation in hospital seems more important. PMID- 7225258 TI - Systolic time intervals and haemodynamic changes during intravenous infusion of prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2. PMID- 7225259 TI - Nifedipine and left ventricular function in beta-blocked patients. AB - We studied the acute effects of nifedipine on left ventricular function and haemodynamics at constant heart rate in patients on beta-blocker therapy. Nifedipine significantly depressed left ventricular peak dP/dt and peak dP/dt x P 1. Nifedipine also significantly reduced systemic vascular resistance: this was associated with decreased systolic blood pressure and increased left ventricular stroke output, with slight non-significant increases of ejection fraction and mean circumferential shortening velocity. There was no change in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. This clinical study shows that nifedipine increases cardiac output in association with arterial dilatation despite evidence for a negative inotropic effect. Such intrinsic negative inotropic effects would normally be masked by compensatory sympathetic activity. PMID- 7225260 TI - Career prospects in cardiology in England and Wales. Survey and 15 health regions. PMID- 7225261 TI - Calcified left ventricular aneurysm in a 6-year-old Caucasian boy. AB - A 6-year-old Caucasian boy presented with a calcified left ventricular aneurysm of unknown aetiology. Aneurysmectomy was carried out uneventfully. A review of the English language papers reveals that this is the first reported case of a calcified left ventricular aneurysm occurring in a Caucasian child. PMID- 7225262 TI - Fistulous aneurysm of ductus arteriosus. AB - We present clinical, haemodynamic, and angiographic data on a 48-year-old woman with a fistulous aneurysm of the ductus arteriosus. This is the first reported case of a spontaneous fistulous aneurysm of the ductus arteriosus in an adult in which an antemortem diagnosis was made. This lesion typically presents with shortness of breath, hoarseness caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, and chest pain, and poses a critical threat to life because of progressive compression, erosion, and haemorrhage into the oesophagus or tracheobronchial tree. Fistulous aneurysm of the ductus arteriosus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an enlarging mediastinal mass, especially when a continuous heart murmur is noted. Early definitive diagnosis and surgical repair in adults are essential for survival. PMID- 7225263 TI - Pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum and corrected transposition of the great arteries. AB - We report an 82-day-old infant with a rare combination of anomalies: pulmonary atresia associated with corrected transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum; this is the second such recorded case. By using echocardiography, chest radiography, and electrocardiography the correct anatomical diagnosis was obtained before invasive investigation and necropsy. PMID- 7225264 TI - Minaxolone and alphaxalone. PMID- 7225265 TI - Intercostal nerve block: spread of india ink injected to the rib's costal groove. AB - Three and five millilitre of india ink were injected bilaterally into the costal groove of the 9th or 10th ribs of 14 cadavers. The spread was observed and the costal groove of the rib injected was dissected, with the one above and one below. Nunn and Slavin's study (1980) of similar injections in two cadavers indicated that an injection of one costal groove blocked not only the intercostal nerve of that groove, but at least the one above and below it. The present study verified the author's previous report that only the intercostal nerve in the costal groove of the rib injected is anaesthetized. PMID- 7225266 TI - Hepatic and renal disposition of pancuronium and gallamine in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis. AB - The plasma clearance of pancuronium in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis was 16% lower than in a control group (1.47 +/- 0.11 ml min-1 kg-1 v. 1.76 +/- 0.21 ml min-1 kg-1), but the difference was not significant. A significant increase in the elimination half-life T 1/2 beta of pancuronium (from 141 to 224 min) and a significant increase in the volume of the peripheral compartment (V2) was found in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis when compared with control patients. There was a significantly lower cumulative biliary excretion of pancuronium (0.3 +/- 0.3% v. 10.9 +/- 3.2% in the controls) during the 48-h period of observation. The biotransformation and cumulative urinary excretion patterns of pancuronium revealed no significant differences between the two groups of patients. The increase of T 1/2 beta pancuronium in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis was mainly a consequence of the increase in the volume of distribution. No significant differences in the plasma clearance, T 1/2 beta or in the volume of distribution were observed with gallamine in the patients with extrahepatic cholestasis when compared with the control group. The cumulative urinary excretion of gallamine during 48 h in both groups of patients was approximately 100%. We concluded that in patients with cholestasis and normal glomerular filtration, gallamine is probably more reliable than pancuronium for neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 7225267 TI - Infusions of minaxolone to supplement nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia. A comparison with althesin. AB - In 19 patients, minaxolone citrate, a water-soluble steroid anaesthetic agent, has been used as a continuous infusion to supplement nitrous oxide anaesthesia. The minimum infusion rate (MIR) was found to be 11.3 micrograms kg-1 min-1 for patients premedicated with morphine 10 mg i.m. and breathing spontaneously 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. The cardiovascular and respiratory effects were similar to those described in a previous study for Althesin administered under comparable conditions. Recovery from minaxolone was prolonged compared with Althesin, and this may be related both to the water-solubility of the drug, and to its greater apparent volume of distribution. PMID- 7225268 TI - Non-invasive measurement of cardiac output during anaesthesia. An evaluation of the soluble gas uptake method. AB - A technique for measuring cardiac output which depends on the uptake of an inert soluble gas from the lungs has been evaluated during anesthesia. A respiratory mass spectrometer has been used to follow the concentrations of argon and freon 22 during passive rebreathing in anaesthetized patients before cardiopulmonary bypass. Values for cardiac output obtained with this technique are reproducible, but lower than those recorded using the direct Fick technique before and after the rebreathing manoeuvre. A reduction in cardiac output caused by vigorous rebreathing is the most likely explanation for the discrepancy and, although serial measurements of oxygen consumption may permit application of a correction factor, a method of measurement which causes significant haemodynamic disturbance cannot be recommended for widespread use. PMID- 7225269 TI - Subarachnoid anaesthesia with bupivacaine for orthopaedic procedures in the elderly. AB - The use of a plain 0.5% solution of isobaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia is described in a consecutive series of 410 patients undergoing orthopaedic operations on the lower limbs. It gave analgesia of sufficient extent, duration and degree in 96.6% of cases for procedures that lasted up to 250 min. The most common problem was arterial hypotension which required sympathomimetic therapy in 37.7% of patients. PMID- 7225270 TI - Gastric and lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) pressures in early pregnancy. AB - Gastric (GP) and lower oesophageal sphincter pressures (LOSP) were measured in non-pregnant female volunteers (group I) and pregnant women with (group III) or without (group II) heartburn. Patients in early pregnancy had greater gastric pressures than group I. Mean barrier pressure (LOSP-GP) was significantly decreased in pregnant patients complaining of heartburn (group III) compared with groups I and II. PMID- 7225271 TI - Control of postoperative pain by interactive demand analgesia. AB - A demand analgesia apparatus is described. It communicates with the patient by means of spoken messages in any desired language, so that preliminary instruction is unnecessary. Dosage is limited by a reduction in respiratory rate, and by a series of electronic fail-safe circuits. Operation of the system is illustrated in a series of 10 patients given fentanyl "on demand" for the first 12 h after operation. The mean dose rate 0.73 +/- 0.49 microgram min-1. There was no evidence of cumulation or tolerance during the period of study. PMID- 7225272 TI - Comparison of effects of balanced anaesthesia and neuroleptanalgesia on postoperative cardiovascular function in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease and a history of myocardial infarction or who present with exertional or spontaneous angina suffer a decrease in left ventricular pump function during recovery from anaesthesia and in the period immediately after operation. This decrease is reflected in an increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and in a decrease in stroke volume and cardiac output. Two groups of 10 such patients, clinically and haemodynamically comparable in the preoperative period, were studied: 10 patients received balanced anaesthesia, and 10 neuroleptanalgesia. The disturbance in left ventricular function was less pronounced with neuroleptanalgesia. A significant difference was noted between the groups with regard to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during recovery from anaesthesia (balanced anaesthesia 15.8 +/- 4.4 mm Hg; neuroleptanalgesia 10.7 +/- 4.4 mm Hg; P less than 0.02). There was a relationship between type of anaesthesia and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure variations (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7225273 TI - Structure and quantification of a physiological model of the distribution of injected agents and inhaled anaesthetics. AB - Mapleson's (1973) physiological, circulation-time model of the distribution of inhaled anaesthetics has been elaborated to be suitable for modelling agents in which hepatic metabolism and renal excretion are important factors; as well as the obvious improvement of providing separate compartments for liver and kidney, the arterial and portal supplies to the liver are separately represented, as is the portal blood pool. The separate portal pool also leads to a more realistic total circulation time for the majority of the cardiac output. The quantification for a "standard man" is fully documented and makes use of the latest (1975) report of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, Reference Man, and includes data on the water, fat and protein composition of each tissue compartment. Suggestions are included on adapting the quantification to non standard men and to other species. PMID- 7225274 TI - Metabolism of alphaxalone in the rat: evidence for the limitation of the anaesthetic effect by the rate of degradation through the hepatic mixed function oxygenase system. AB - The rates of degradation of the steroid anaesthetic alphaxalone (3 alpha-OH-5 alpha pregnane-11,20 dione) have been studied in vitro using isolated hepatocyte and microsome preparations. Evidence is presented that alphaxalone is metabolized rapidly by the hepatic mixed function oxygenase system. Induction of cytochrome P450 in vivo leads to an increase in the maximum rate of degradation of alphaxalone in both in vitro systems. Induction of cytochrome P450 caused a decrease in the duration of the anaesthetic affect in vivo of a limiting dose of Althesin (alphaxalone/alphadolone acetate). It is concluded that, under certain conditions, the duration of the anaesthetic effect of alphaxalone is determined by the rate of metabolism of this compound by the mixed function oxygenase system of the liver. PMID- 7225275 TI - Allergic reaction to an amide local anaesthetic. AB - A 67-yr-old female patient gave a history of allergy to lignocaine. When she was challenge-tested with the intradermal injection of 0.5% bupivacaine 0.2ml she had a systemic reaction. This reaction was accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of complement C4 in the plasma, which indicated that the reaction was immunologically-mediated. This is the first report of allergy to a local anaesthetic drug which has been documented by concurrent immunological changes. PMID- 7225276 TI - Potential hazards of anti-static anaesthetic hose. PMID- 7225277 TI - Effect of atropine premedication on respiratory complication. PMID- 7225279 TI - An improved antigenic marker of human lung carcinomas and its use in radioimmunoassays. AB - An antigenic activity in pleural effusions of patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung has been prepared in highly purified form by a 5-step fractionation scheme. The purified substance, designated LuCA (lung cancer antigen), was assessed during the course of the fractionation procedure by a radioimmunometric assay carried out with specific soluble reagents. Sensitive saturation-binding assays showed no or only weak uptake of the 125I-labelled antigen preparation by a panel of antisera specific for known bronchogenic tumour markers, and for normal human serum proteins. The preparation appeared to contain lung-tumour-associated antigens, one of them probably distinct for squamous-cell carcinomas. The antigen fraction consists of acid-soluble glycoproteins, and was demonstrated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single band in the mol. wt region of 43,000. The gel-filtration elution volume appeared to indicate the occurrence of the antigenic activity in multiples of this smaller unit. Pilot radioimmunoassays performed with LuCA and an absorbed specific antiserum suggest the possible suitability of the marker preparation for screening lung-cancer patients. PMID- 7225278 TI - Effect of prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides on growth and immunoglobulin secretion of two IgE myeloma cell lines. AB - The effect of various mediators on the growth and secretion of IgE by two human myeloma cell lines derived originally from the same tumour was tested. It was found that the growth of U266 was unaffected by PGE2, but IgE secretion was blocked. PGF2 alpha, whilst inhibiting growth, had little effect on IgE secretion. With the second cell line, U266 BL, it was found that none of the agents tested could modulate the secretion of IgE, though cell growth was blocked by PGE2. Prostaglandins act by modulating cyclic nucleotides, the E series increasing the level of cAMP and the F series causing a rise in cGMP. Our findings with prostaglandins could be mimicked by the relevant cyclic nucleotide. Possible explanations for these differences are discussed. PMID- 7225280 TI - Circulating immune complexes and autoantibodies in lung cancer. AB - The sera of 80 newly diagnosed lung-cancer patients have been examined for immune complexes and autoantibodies. Control subjects consisted of 20 bronchitic patients and 150 normal blood donors. Immune-complex measurements used 4 established and sensitive techniques (Raji cell assay, fluid and solid-phase C1q assays and conglutinin-binding assay) and a 5th newly devised technique based on the binding of polyethylene-glycol-precipitated immune-complex-rich serum fractions to Staphylococcus aureus. Using the Raji cell assay and the S. aureus binding assay to measure immune complexes, both newly diagnosed lung cancer patients and bronchitic patients had significantly higher prevalences of immune complexes than normal controls, but the two groups of patients did not differ significantly in either prevalence or quantity of immune complexes. When techniques which depend solely upon complement fixation (C1q assays and conglutinin binding) were used, only meagre quantities of immune complexes were found, and in at most 15% of newly diagnosed lung-cancer patients. The presence of autoantibodies in newly diagnosed cancer patients and controls appeared to correlate with the increase in the detectable prevalence of immune complexes. PMID- 7225282 TI - The presence of a tumour in F1 mice partially inhibits the GvH reaction following injection of parental spleen cells. AB - (A x CBA(T6)F1 mice bearing F1 mammary carcinomas for 9 days were injected i.v. with A strain spleen cells. The A spleen cells were from either non-immune donors or mice which had received an i.p. injection of F1 tumours cells 9 days previously, and were thus immune to the CBA component of the tumour. Fourteen days after receiving parental spleen cells, the F1-tumour-bearing mice were killed and their spleen ratios and indices were determined as an index of the severity of the graft-versus-host reaction (GvHR) induced. The spleen indices were compared with those in non-tumour-bearing F1 mice, receiving aliquots of the same parental cell suspensions. At the higher doses of A spleen cells, the presence of an F1 tumour reduced the GvHR. At the same time, in 3/5 experiments, the weight of the F1 tumour in mice injected with immune A spleen cells was less than that in F1 mice receiving the same number of tumour cells but no spleen cells. A reduction in GvHR and a decrease in tumour weight was not seen when F1 mice carrying an A strain tumour were injected with A strain spleen cells immune to an F1 tumour. Adding 23-day F1 tumour-bearing F1 spleen cells to A spleen cells did not reduce the GvHR induced in further non-tumour-bearing F1 recipients by the parental cells. This was evidence against the presence of suppressor cells in the tumour-bearing F1 spleen. When 51Cr-labelled A strain spleen cells were injected into F1 mice, some of which had a tumour and therefore an enlarged spleen, there was an inverse relation between the size of the spleen and the number of parental cells therein, per g spleen 4 h after injection. It is thus suggested that the reduction in GvHR in F1-tumour-bearing F1 mice, after injection of parental spleen cells, is due first to a reduction in the concentration of donor cells in the recipient spleen (i.e. the same number of donor cells in a larger spleen) and second to pre-occupation of the donor cells in reacting to the tumour. PMID- 7225283 TI - Effect of renal dysfunction in dogs on the disposition and marrow toxicity of melphalan. AB - The effect of renal failure on melphalan pharmacology and toxicity has been poorly understood. Such information is of interest because melphalan is the most commonly used anticancer drug in the treatment of multiple myeloma, which is frequently associated with renal failure. We have studied the disposition and marrow toxicity of parenteral melphalan in dogs before and after induction of renal failure with subtotal nephrectomy. The surgical procedure decreased the creatinine clearance by an average of 62% (P = 0.001). The lowest neutrophil counts following i.v. melphalan (1 mg/kg) averaged 4.9 x 10(3)/mm3 pre nephrectomy and 0.9 x 10(3)/mm3 post-nephrectomy, respectively (P = 0.002). The mean lowest recorded platelet counts after melphalan (1 mg/kg) were 115 x 10(3)/mm3 in the pre-nephrectomized dogs, and 9.7 x 10(3/mm3 in those who had been nephrectomized (P = 0.002). Following nephrectomy, i.v. melphalan's terminal phase plasma half-life and renal clearance were both raised (P = 0.02) to 75% over pre-nephrectomy values. These studies show that i.v. melphalan-induced myelosuppression is markedly increased and its plasma elimination and renal clearance significantly decreased in the presence of renal dysfunction in dogs. These data suggest that parenteral melphalan's starting dose be decreased by at least 50% when used in myeloma patients with renal failure. PMID- 7225281 TI - Immunological and biochemical characteristics of acid citrate eluates from tumour cells: a major non-immunoglobulin component. AB - Using competitive double-antibody radioimmunoassays we have shown that immunoglobulin (especially IgA) can be recovered in pH 3.5, 0.12M acid citrate eluates of freshly excised CCH1 tumour-cell suspensions. Studies with 125I labelled eluates indicate that such preparations exhibit a variable, but appreciable, degree of non-specific binding to unrelated syngeneic tumour and normal tissues. PAGE/SDS gel electrophoresis of the labelled eluates revealed the presence of a major non-immunoglobulin component of 33-36K dalton which could account in part for the non-specific binding observed. This component was also detected in similar eluates from cultured CCH1 tumour and in all other tumour cell eluates examined to date. In contrast, preliminary data suggest that it is less prevalent in acid citrate eluates from normal tissue, with the exception of peritoneal-exudate cells. The possible origins, nature and significance of this non-immunoglobulin component are discussed. PMID- 7225284 TI - Platelet-derived growth-factor requirements for in vitro proliferation of normal and malignant mesenchymal cells. AB - Serum obtained by clotting whole blood contains a potent mitogen with apparent specificity for mesenchymal cells. This peptide wound-healing hormone, derived from platelets, is known as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Serum obtained by clotting plasma contains no detectable growth-promoting activity for fibroblasts, and is therefore a valuable additive to culture medium for an examination of the autonomy of cells from exogenous PDGF. Fibroblasts from man, mouse and hamster remain mitotically quiescent in plasma-derived serum and proliferate only when a source of PDGF is added. Normal human kidney epithelial cells and human T-cells proliferate normally in plasma-derived serum, and are unaffected by the addition of PDGF. A range of virally transformed cells and malignant cells from chemically induced rodent sarcomas was tested for their proliferative capacity in plasma-derived serum and their response to exogenous PDGF. A complete spectrum of PDGF-dependence was revealed. Polyoma-transformed BHK21 cells and SV40-transformed 3T3 cells showed complete PDGF independence. Cells from 7 chemically induced rat or mouse sarcomas provided results which ranged from the FS6 (a C57BL Cbi mouse sarcoma which was completely PDGF dependent) to MC28 (a hooded rat sarcoma) which was completely PDGF independent. The dependence of proliferation of these cells on PDGF showed a close correlation with several features of their in vivo behaviour. Tumours which were non immunogenic in syngeneic hosts, contained few host macrophages and produced a high incidence of spontaneous distant metastases provided PDGF-independent cells. Cells from highly immunogenic, macrophage-rich "non-metastasizing" tumours were on the other hand PDGF dependent and tumours of intermediate "malignancy" provided cells with partial autonomy from PDGF. An assay for anchorage independent growth provided data which also correlated with autonomy from PDGF. However, daily addition of large amounts of PDGF to BHK21 C13 cells induced reversible anchorage independent growth. The value of plasma-derived serum for the investigation of the proliferative autonomy of malignant cells is emphasized. PMID- 7225285 TI - The concentration of desmethylmisonidazole in human tumours and in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The concentration of desmethylmisonidazole (DESMISO) was determined in 60 biopsy samples taken from 13 human tumours and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 8 patients after oral administration. In comparison with misonidazole (MISO), peak concentrations in plasma were reached at earlier times and half-lives were shorter, so that the area under the curve of plasma concentration with time (AUC) was reduced by 45%; the AUC of CSF concentration with time was reduced by 67%. Between 1 and 2 h after administration of DESMISO, concentrations in tumours were generally 85-90% of those of MISO estimated approximately 4 h after it was given. The two drugs when tested in equimolar concentrations have been found in laboratory experiment to be equally potent as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. Recognizing the lower mol. wt of DESMISO and the trend to higher concentrations in the more necrotic areas of the tumours studied equal doses by weight of the two drugs given orally may give equal radiosensitization of hypoxic cells in human tumours. PMID- 7225287 TI - In vivo combination of misonidazole and the chemotherapeutic agent CCNU. AB - The response of intramuscularly growing KHT sarcomas to the chemotherapeutic agent (1-(2-cloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) alone or simultaneously with the chemical radio-sensitizer misonidazole (MISO) was assessed using either a tumour growth-delay assay or an in vivo-in vitro tumour-excision assay. Median tumour growth delay following the combination of 20 mg/kg CCNU and either 0.5 or 1.0 mg/g MISO was 19.5 and 21.5 days, compared to 10 days for this CCNU dose alone. A similar degree of enhanced tumour response by MISO (factor of approximately 2 in tumour growth delay) was seen in RIF-1 tumours treated with 20 mg/kg CCNU plus 1.0 mg/g MISO. Clonogenic cell-survival studies with KHT sarcomas demonstrated that MISO at doses of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/g given simultaneously with a range of CCNU doses produced dose-modifying factors (DMFs) of 1.9, 2.1 and 2.4 respectively. Normal tissue toxicity assessed by an LD50/7 assay led to DMFs of 1.2 and 1.4 for CCNU doses combined with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/g MISO. Thus in this animal tumour model the combination of CCNU and MISO appears to lead to a potential gain by a factor of approximately 1.7. PMID- 7225286 TI - Cytotoxicity of metronidazole (Flagyl) and misonidazole (Ro-07-0582): enhancement by lactate. AB - The cytotoxic activity of metronidazole (Flagyl) and misonidazole (MISO) to hypoxic Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells suspended in standard medium in sealed vials and in gassed spinner flasks has been investigated. Flagyl (5 mM) was only cytotoxic at high initial cell densities. However, when lactate (20 mM) was included in the medium the cytotoxicity of Flagyl at low cell densities was considerable, and similar to that of misonidazole under the same conditions. The relevance of this "lactate effect" to in vivo systems, and the possible mechanisms involved, are discussed. PMID- 7225288 TI - Some mechanisms of local bone destruction by squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. AB - An in vitro osteolysis assay with 45Ca-labelled mouse calvaria has been used to investigate mechanisms of direct bone invasion by squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. Short-term (3-day) organ cultures of 8 fresh squamous carcinomas showed varying degrees of in vitro bone-resorbing activity which was blocked by indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. Supernatant media from 6 established cell lines also induced bone resorption in vitro and evoked an osteoclastic response in the cultured calvaria. Osteolysis by supernatant media was not blocked by indomethacin in all the tumour-cell lines, and the production of non-prostaglandin osteolysins by the indomethacin-resistant lines is postulated. The two principal findings that emerge are: (1) Stimulants for osteoclastic activity are derived from both squamous-carcinoma cells and from host cells in the tumour stroma. (2) These stimulants are diverse. Indomethacin sensitive agents, presumed to be prostaglandins, are most convincingly demonstrated in the fresh tumours. Indomethacin-resistant agents, presumably not prostaglandins, are more characteristic of the carcinoma cell lines. PMID- 7225290 TI - Mouse glomerular culture. AB - A method is described for the culture of isolated intact mouse glomeruli. Cultures showed adherent glomeruli after 2 days and from 2-4 days a monolayer of cells began to develop around the points of adherence. The predominant cell (Type I) was 80-200 micrometer in diameter with cytoplasmic extensions, later becoming polyhedral and often multinucleated. Type II spindle cells, 70-100 micrometer in length, were less prominent in the earlier stages and later formed sheaves between Type I cells. Small phagocytic Type III cells, 10-20 micrometer in diameter, were not prominent in cultures from normal kidneys and tended to form small clusters on top of the Type I cell monolayer. PMID- 7225289 TI - Labelled dyes, a new 125I-indomonocarbocyanine and 125I-BSP, in the exploration of experimental cholestasis and steatosis in the rat. AB - A new dye, an indomonocarbocyanine labelled with radioactive iodine, was studied in normal rats and in rats with experimental diseases. After i.v. injection, the cyanine was selectively concentrated in the liver and eliminated in the bile; urinary excretion was found to be minimal but increased in rats with ligated bile duct. In addition, the blood clearance kinetics of the labelled dyes were significantly modified in cases of hepatic cholestasis or steatosis. A comparative study was carried out with 125I-BSP; the results showed that these 2 dyes may be considered as complementary in the exploration of liver function. PMID- 7225291 TI - Phagocytic cells in glomerular cultures from NZB/W mice. AB - Comparative studies of glomerular cultures from NZB/W and normal control mice aged 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months revealed a significant increase in the number of phagocytic cells in cultures from NZB/W mice at all ages. These cells on electron microscopy had the appearance of macrophages and on immunofluorescence showed Fc receptors and reacted with rabbit anti-mouse macrophage serum. The cells appear to be of blood monocyte origin and it is likely that they play a role in the pathogenesis in NZB/W mice of the glomerulopathy associated with clearance of immune complexes. PMID- 7225292 TI - Antenatal screening for diabetes mellitus by random blood glucose sampling. AB - A system is described for screening an antenatal population for diabetes mellitus based upon random blood glucose sampling. Samples obtained from 186 healthy pregnant women at 28 weeks gestation provided a range of blood glucose concentrations after normal meals from which it was possible to derive two glucose values to define an upper limit of normality. The first, 6.4 mmol/l if within two hours of eating and the second, 5.8 mmol/l when taken more than two hours postprandial were prospectively applied to the screening of 763 consecutive antenatal patients. Ten women exceeding these limits were referred for an oral glucose tolerance test and three were found to have a diabetic response, an incidence of about four undiagnosed diabetic women per 1000 antenatal population. PMID- 7225293 TI - A comparison of plasma prostaglandin levels in term and preterm labour. AB - Peripheral plasma levels of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F (PGFM) were determined in women during pregnancy and in term and preterm labour. The PGFM concentrations at term were not significantly different from the levels between 26 and 34 weeks gestation. In both term and preterm labour there was a rise in PGFM levels with increasing cervical dilatation although the mean values tended to be lower during preterm labour. These findings may provide an explanation for the effectiveness of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in suppressing myometrial activity in preterm labour. PMID- 7225294 TI - The effect of protamine on serum levels of placental protein 5 (PP5) in normal and abnormal pregnancy: a possible relation to coagulation abnormalities. AB - The levels of placental protein 5 (PP5) in pregnancy serum show an apparent increase after the addition of protamine sulphate. The difference of the apparent concentrations of serum PP5 in the presence and absence of protamine (delta PP5) was determined in 345 normal and abnormal pregnancies. A positive delta PP5 was less frequent in diabetic pregnancy (45 per cent) and pre-eclampsia (57 per cent) than in normal pregnancy (80 per cent). These findings provide further evidence that PP5 may be involved in the coagulation system, and in particular may relate to abnormal coagulation processes at the placental site. PMID- 7225295 TI - Raised hypoxanthine, xanthine and uridine concentrations in meconium stained amniotic fluid and during labour. AB - Amniotic fluid samples were obtained at induction of labour in 64 women; in 15 of these there was meconium staining of the amniotic fluid; the remainder showed no signs of fetal distress. Using high pressure liquid chromatography, compared to the samples from normal patients there were highly significantly raised levels of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uridine in the meconium stained samples; oxypurines in the meconium itself could not explain the difference. Where serial samples were obtained during labour by intrauterine catheter, a terminal rise in oxypurine levels was apparent. Where the proportion of oxypurine present as hypoxanthine exceeded one per cent in amniotic fluid at the time of induction, there was a significantly greater occurrence of late fetal heart rate decelerations in the ensuing labour. These findings are consistent with other evidence that when tissues become hypoxic the metabolic products of nucleotide breakdown escape from the cells and appear in extracellular fluid. Oxygen lack in the fetus probably causes loss of these compounds from the hypoxic kidneys to the urine so that they appear in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7225296 TI - The measurement of hypoxanthine, xanthine, inosine and uridine in umbilical cord blood and fetal scalp blood samples as a measure of fetal hypoxia. AB - Hypoxanthine, xanthine, inosine, urate and uridine, were measured in 149 samples of umbilical cord plasma using high pressure liquid chromatography. In spite of a good correlation with the simpler oxygen consumption method for measuring hypoxanthine, there was no clear discrimination between hypoxic and well oxygenated infants, although mean concentrations were higher in infants with well defined criteria of intrapartum hypoxia or bith asphyxia, there was overlap with the normal range. Fetal scalp blood samples were also found to be clinically unhelpful in the diagnosis of intrapartum hypoxia, at least in part due to variable degrees of haemolysis in the specimens. There were poor correlations between hypoxanthine concentrations and those of hydrogen ion, base deficit and lactate. Uridine concentrations were significantly higher in arterial cord blood than in venous cord blood but hypoxanthine or xanthine concentrations did not show this difference. PMID- 7225297 TI - Reliability of ultrasound as compared to direct fetal electrocardiography for antepartum cardiotocography. AB - Eighty-five pairs of simultaneously recorded external and internal cardiotocograms (CTGs) were coded and evaluated with a ten-point scoring system routinely used for the assessment of antepartum CTG. The highest consistency in interpretation between the external ultrasound and the internal fetal scalp CTG was found for basal heart rate followed by decelerations. Oscillatory amplitude and frequency were interpreted differently in 14 per cent of CTGs and accelerations in 16 per cent. When differences in interpretation arose, there was certainly no tendency for the external CTG to present an optimistic image of the fetal heart rate variables. With the exception of oscillatory amplitude all variables, including oscillatory frequency and the total CTG score, were more frequently underestimated than overestimated on external CTGs. When accelerations were present on only one recording, there was an 85 per cent chance for these to be absent on the external CTG. The study abolishes fears that the routine clinical assessment of antepartum CTGs of adequate technical quality provides overrated and more optimistic data than would by achieved by direct fetal scalp monitoring. PMID- 7225298 TI - Simplified antepartum fetal heart assessment. AB - Antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring based on the association of fetal heart rate accelerations with fetal movements (non-stress test) is a standard method for fetal surveillance. Application of this method requires a continuous fetal heart rate recording monitor. Audible detection of heart rate accelerations was compared with recorded accelerations in 100 tests. A listening observer detected 77.7 per cent of all accelerations with an amplitude of at least 15 beats/minute. This allowed the detection of 94.2 per cent (82 out of 87) reactive non-stress tests. In no case was a non-reactive test called falsely reactive by the listening observer. This method may be useful for assessing fetal condition when continuous fetal heart rate monitors are not available. PMID- 7225299 TI - The influence of maternal analgesia on neonatal behaviour: I. Pethidine. AB - Neonatal behaviour in a group of infants whose mothers received pethidine during labour was assessed at delivery and during the first six weeks of life by means of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale. The influence of the total maternal dose of pethidine and umbilical cord blood concentration of the drug on such behaviour has been examined with the confounding effects of all other variables controlled. Higher cord blood levels of pethidine were associated with babies who were more prone to respiratory difficulties, drowsy and unresponsive immediately after delivery. Throughout the six weeks in which the assessments were made, depressed attention and social responsiveness were found in infants with high drug levels. At three and six weeks, the infant whose exposure ao pethidine had been high tended to change state more frequently, to cry during the test and to be less capable of quieting himself. These findings suggest that the newborn infant responds to pethidine in the same way as the adult, but the changes observed were relatively subtle, and comparison of these infants with a control groups whose mothers had received no drugs revealed no between-group differences in behaviour. PMID- 7225301 TI - Colposcopy in pregnancy. A twelve year review. AB - In a 12-year period, 195 patients with abnormal cervical cytology in pregnancy had colposcopy, of whom 73 had Grade IV cytology. Colposcopic findings in pregnancy correlated closely with the postpartum colposcopic assessment and this in turn predicted the ultimate histological diagnosis. Wedge biopsies were taken in two women in whom invasive disease could not be excluded colposcopically. Cone biopsy was avoided in all patients. No frank or occult invasive disease was missed but one patient was ultimately found to have a small focus of microinvasive disease six months post partum. Postpartum cytology gave a reasonable guide to the ultimate histology, although postpartum colposcopy was found to be of value even where cytology had by then reverted to normal. PMID- 7225300 TI - The influence of maternal analgesia on neonatal behaviour: II. Epidural bupivacaine. AB - Four areas of neonatal behaviour have been assessed at delivery and during the following six weeks in a group of infants whose mothers were given epidural bupivacaine during labour. The influence on such a behaviour of the total maternal dose of bupivacaine and umbilical cord blood concentration of the drug has been examined with the confounding effects of other maternal and obstetric variables controlled. Significant and consistent effects of bupivacaine throughout the assessment period can be demonstrated. Immediately after delivery, infants with greater exposure to bupivacaine in utero were more likely to be cyanotic and unresponsive to their surroundings. Visual skills and alertness decreased significantly with increases in the cord blood concentration of bupivacaine, particularly on the first day of life by also throughout the next six weeks. Adverse effects of bupivacaine levels on the infant's motor organisation, his ability to control his own state of consciousness and his physiological response to stress were also observed. Muscle tone alone appeared to improve with increases in the values of the drug variables. These results show that the neonate differs from the adult in respect of both the nature of effects of the drug and sensitivity to it. PMID- 7225302 TI - Aspiration cytology versus histology in the assessment of the endometrium of women attending a menopause clinic. AB - The endometrium of 100 women attending a menopause clinic was assessed cytologically, using the Isaacs cell sampler, and then histologically, using the Vabra suction curette. Satisfactory specimens for diagnosis were obtained in 96 per cent of cases with the Isaacs cell sampler and in 62 per cent of cases with the Vabra suction curette. There were eight discrepancies between the diagnoses obtained by the cytological and histological methods and these are analysed. Thirty patients were asked to grade the discomfort experienced during the procedures, and of these 26 found the Vabra method more painful than the Isaacs method. PMID- 7225304 TI - Isolated defect in human placental lactogen synthesis in a normal pregnancy. Case report. AB - A deficiency in the synthesis of human placental lactogen (hPL) was found in a woman in her second pregnancy. Other placental hormone levels were normal. The woman gave birth to a healthy female infant. hPL deficiency is rare and a survey of the literature has revealed only one previous case report which described the birth of a male infant. The present report of a hPL deficiency is the first associated with the birth of a normal female infant. PMID- 7225303 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis in the endometrium of women with ovular dysfunctional uterine bleeding. AB - The endogenous concentrations of prostaglandins F2 alpha (PGF 2 alpha) and E (PGE) were measured during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in the endometrium from 14 women with unexplained menorrhagia (measured menstrual blood loss in excess of 50 ml) and 15 women with normal menses (blood loss 50 ml or less). Although there was no significant difference in the PGF 2 alpha/PGE ratio between the two groups, this ratio was significantly lower in the endometrium from eight of the women whose blood loss exceeded 90 ml (p less than 0.05). There was a significant inverse correlation between the PGF 2 alpha/PGE ratio and blood loss (r = 0.36, p less than 0.025). The synthetic capacity of the endometrium was assessed by incubation of the tissue with 14C arachidonic acid. Endometria from nine women with unexplained menorrhagia synthesized more PGE2 than PGF 2 alpha, whereas the converse was true with 11 control endometria. Consequently the PGF2 alpha/PGE2 ratio was significantly reduced in the former group (p less than 0.025). Oestradiol-17 beta (200 microM) and to a greater extent 2 hydroxy oestradiol (200 microM) increased the total prostaglandin synthesis by the endometria, but did not significantly alter the PGF2 alpha/PGE2 ratio. These results suggest that excessive blood loss may be associated with a shift in the endometrial conversion of prostaglandin endoperoxide from PGF2 alpha to PGE2. PMID- 7225305 TI - Fetal ascites associated with congenital heart disease. Case report. AB - Fetal ascites occurs for many reasons and has been diagnosed more frequently following the introduction of routine ultrasound scanning during pregnancy. We report the diagnosis of fetal ascites associated with an isolated congenital heart malformation. PMID- 7225306 TI - The effect of lumbar epidural analgesia on the rate of cervical dilation and the outcome of labour of spontaneous outset. PMID- 7225307 TI - Infarction of the optic nerve head in children with accelerated hypertension. AB - Four cases of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy occurred in children with accelerated hypertension. The cause may have been a sudden relative fall in arterial pressure which reduced the perfusion of the optic disc, whose circulation was compromised by long-standing hypertensive vascular disease. PMID- 7225308 TI - An electromyographic study of esotropia. AB - Under general anaesthesia the eye position of esotropia generally moved divergently. When retrobulbar anaesthesia was added bilaterally, the eye position moved further in the same direction. In the electromyogram under general anaesthesia the 4 horizontal recti were silent in controls. In many cases of esotropia, however, both medial recti showed a considerable amount of discharge under general anaesthesia. When retrobulbar anaesthesia was superimposed on one eye, the discharge from its medial rectus tapered off and, reciprocally, that of the opposite eye increased. These facts may suggest that proprioception plays in the development of esotropia. PMID- 7225310 TI - Tamoxifen retinopathy. AB - A 63-year-old female on long-term, high-dose tamoxifen treatment for metastatic breast cancer developed bilateral intraretinal refractile opacities, lesions at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium, and cystoid macular oedema. PMID- 7225309 TI - Dynamic vergence eye movements in strabismus and amblyopia: asymmetric vergence. AB - This report investigates line-of-sight asymmetric disparity vergence in patients having either intermittent strabismus, constant strabismus with amblyopia, or amblyopia without strabismus. We find an absence of disparity vergence in all patients with strabismus and in some with amblyopia only. Accommodative vergence and saccades place the dominant eye on the targets moving in depth. These accommodative vergence responses have normal dynamic characteristics, thus indicating a properly functioning vergence motor system. We purpose there is a higher-level central defect in which incoming information of one eye is suppressed, so that the disparity vergence system is rendered inoperable. PMID- 7225311 TI - Vitelliform macular lesions. AB - Two patients with vitelliform macular lesions, normal EOG Arden ratios, and no family history of Best's vitelliform dystrophy are presented. Their findings are compared with those in 10 similar reported cases, and a common, nongenetic aetiology is suggested for all. The several names given to this identical fundus picture by different authors are examined and are seen to be inappropriate. A common, descriptive terminology for all such lesions is suggested. PMID- 7225312 TI - Choroidal neurilemmoma--an unusual clinical misdiagnosis. AB - A case of choroidal neurilemmoma is reported. After a period of clinical observation which included serial fundus photography and fluorescein angiography, during which time active growth was seen, the tumour was thought to be a malignant melanoma, and enucleation was considered the treatment of choice. Subsequent histological study revealed a neurilemmoma. Important points relating to the clinical diagnosis of lesions presenting in this way are discussed. PMID- 7225313 TI - Scleral homograft inlay for correction of cicatricial entropion and trichiasis. AB - In the management of trachomatous cicatricial entropion and trichiasis numerous surgical options are available to the surgeon, who, however, must choose the correct technique suitable to the severity of the condition. In general, severe cases do better with a graft of mucous membrane or skin. In this paper the use of another graft material, homologous sclera, in correcting entropion and trichiasis is discussed. A 1.5 to 2 mm wide strip of fresh or preserved sclera was used as an inlay in a grey-line split technique with severance of pretarsal and Riolan's fibres in 155 entropion corrections in 136 patients. There was a success rate of 92.3% during the observation period of 15 months. Isolated trichiatic lashes were seen in 7.7%. Minor complications occurred, such as granulomas and partial sloughing of grafts, but did not affect the ultimate results. PMID- 7225314 TI - Spontaneous reformation of lower eyelid. AB - Eleven consecutive patients with tumours involving the lower eyelid margin were treated with margin-including full-thickness excision of the eyelid and suturing of bleeding vessels as the sole primary surgical procedure, needing less than 10 minutes. The resulting defects of 2/5 to 7/8 of the horizontal extent of the eyelid and varying in height from 4 to 7 mm were allowed to heal spontaneously. In all the 11 patients the wounds healed, without ocular or palpebral complications in about 6 weeks and underwent further cosmetic improvement for the ensuing 6--8 weeks. Cosmetic results were excellent in 8 patients with excisions of 2/5 to 1/2 of the eyelid. All procedures including the secondary reconstructions were carried out on day-case basis under local anaesthesia. Histology confirmed complete tumour clearance in all the patients. Apart from being the first report of a planned study of spontaneous repair of full-thickness surgical wounds of the lower eyelid this study shows that the conventional method of dressing such wounds can be replaced by the less expensive and convenient 'dressing' of a cartella shield with an improvised central hole. PMID- 7225315 TI - Trichofolliculoma of the eyelid. AB - The clinical and histological features of 2 cases of trichofolliculoma of the eyelid are described. One case presented the typical wool-like wisp of immature hairs and was easily diagnosed clinically. The other one was mistaken for a basalioma. In both cases the histological structure was diagnostic for trichofolliculoma. PMID- 7225316 TI - Preparation and properties of a glycoprotein associated with malignancy. PMID- 7225317 TI - Interactions of the histidine-rich glycoprotein of serum with metals. PMID- 7225318 TI - Spectral evidence for a rapidly formed structural intermediate in the refolding kinetics of hen egg-white lysozyme. AB - For investigation of the conformation of the unfolded species and its role in the refolding kinetics, refolding kinetic measurements were made on hen egg-white lysozyme by using the stopped-flow method at 25 degrees C in the four sets of initial and final folding condition: (1) 4 M guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) and 0.5 M GdmCl; (2) 40% acetic acid (HOAc) and 5% HOAc; (3) 4 M GdmCl and 0.5 M GdmCl-5% HOAc; (4) 40% HOAc and 0.5 M GdmCl-5% HOAc. The kinetic results as measured by absorbance at three wavelengths, 301, 292, 250 nm, agreed with each other and indicated strict biphasic behavior without exception. The kinetic parameters were determined only by the final refolding conditions. The spectral properties of the unfolded species at the end of stopped-flow mixing were investigated by comparing the total kinetic amplitude with the difference between the static absorbance of the native molecule in the final refolding conditions and that of the unfolded molecule in the initial unfolding conditions. The solvent effect was considered in the comparison. It was concluded that the unfolded species assumed a new transient conformation in the mixing process and that the transformation was completed within the mixing time. PMID- 7225319 TI - Information content in the circular dichroism of proteins. AB - A method is presented for predicting the secondary structure of a protein from its circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. Eight types of secondary structures are considered: helix; parallel and antiparallel beta strand; types I, II, and III beta turn; all other beta turns combined; and "other" structures. The method is based on mathematical calculation of orthogonal basis CD spectra from the CD spectra of proteins with known secondary structure. Five basis CD spectra are needed to reconstruct the 16 original protein CD spectra that extend into the vacuum ultraviolet region to 178 nm. Thus, one can expect to extract five independent pieces of information from the CD spectrum of a protein. Each basis CD spectrum corresponds to a known mixture of secondary structures so that the coefficients that reconstruct the protein CD spectrum can also be used to predict secondary structure. Furthermore, when the same method is applied to protein secondary structure rather than CD, it is found that only five basis secondary structure vectors are needed to reconstruct the original protein secondary structure vectors. Thus there are five independent "superstructures", consisting of a mixture of standard secondary structures, in the proteins studied. It would appear that there is enough information in the CD spectrum of a protein to predict all types of secondary structure. Our CD analyses compare favorably with the X-ray data. PMID- 7225320 TI - Differences in rearrangements of H1 and H5 in chicken erythrocyte chromatin. AB - H1 can rearrange in chicken erythrocyte polynucleosomes in 80 mM NaCl buffers. These rearrangements have been studied by sedimentation analysis. H1 redistributes between polynucleosomes as well as between polynucleosomes and monosomes. In these rearrangements H1 molecules move to free DNA sites. In contrast to H1, the chicken erythrocyte specific lysine-rich histone H5 does not show any of these dynamic properties. This difference in mobility of H1 and H5 also manifests itself in the selective extraction of H1 from H1, H5 containing polynucleosomes by the cation-exchange resin AG 50W-X2 at 80 mM NaCl. PMID- 7225321 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid modification methylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - A modification methylase was isolated from Bacillus stearothermophilus 1503-4R (Bst 1503I) and purified to homogeneity. The enzyme is an acidic protein and composed of a subunit with a molecular weight of 105 000, and only the tetrameric form was detected in solution. The methylase exhibited maximal activity between 54 and 61 degrees C and between pH 8.1 and 9.3. In contrast to Bst 1503I endonuclease [Catterall, J.F., & Welker, N. E. (1977) J. Bacteriol. 129, 1110 1120], the methylase is completely inactivated when exposed to temperatures near the optimal growth temperature (63-67 degrees C). The methylase was also inactivated when exposed to temperatures below the minimal growth temperature (48 53 degrees C). The thermostability of the methylase is significantly enhanced by Na+, K+, or NH4+. Membrane-bound methylase is resistant to heat inactivation at temperatures near the maximum growth temperature (73-75 degrees C). The methylase functions as a tetramer. The initial rates of methyl transfer are first order in methylase concentration, and the enzyme obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to DNA but not to S-adenosyl-L-methionine. PMID- 7225322 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance determination of the sequential ytterbium replacement of calcium in carp parvalbumin. AB - The substitution of the paramagnetic lanthanide ion ytterbium for the calcium ions bound to the CD and EF sites of carp parvalbumin results in a series of 1H NMR resonances which are shifted far outside the envelope of the 1H NMR spectrum of the diamagnetic form of the protein. Titration of Ca2+-saturated parvalbumin with ytterbium (YB3+) demonstrate that Yb3+ sequentially replaces the two bound calcium ions of the protein. Analysis of the 1H NMR data yields the relative affinities of the two sites (CD and EF) for ytterbium with respect to calcium. The dissociation constants for ytterbium are then calculated to be KYb3+CD equals (4-7) x 10(-10) M and KYb3+EF equals (2-6) x 10(-10) M from the known dissociation constants for calcium [Haiech, J., Derancourt, J., Pechere, J.-F., & Demaille, J. G. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 2752-2758]. The approximate equality of these constants is verified by Yb3+ titrations of apoparvalbumin. PMID- 7225323 TI - Mechanism of inactivation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-alpha-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase by 4-amino-5-halopentanoic acids. AB - (S)-4-Amino-5-halopentanoic acids were previously shown to irreversibly inhibit pig brain gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase, and a mechanism for the inactivation was proposed (Silverman, R. B., & Levy M. A. (1980) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 95, 250). Evidence is presented to show that these compounds are mechanism-based inactivators, and experiments are described to elucidate their mechanism of action. The enzyme must be in the pyridoxal phosphate form for inactivation to occur, the gamma proton of the inactivators is removed in a rate-determining step, and one fluoride ion is released from 4-amino-5-fluoropentanoic acid per active site labeled. The change in the optical spectrum of the enzyme during inactivation suggests that the coenzyme is converted into the pyridoxamine phosphate form. Every turnover of inactivator leads to an inactivation event, i.e., the partition ratio is zero. PMID- 7225324 TI - Interactions between apoaspartate aminotransferase and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. A stopped-flow study. AB - The fast kinetics and mechanism of the reconstitution reaction of holoaspartate aminotransferase from apoenzyme and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate were investigated by the stopped-flow method. When the absorbance change was monitored at 362 nm, the process was shown to involve three steps. The dependence of the three relaxation times on pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentration and the analysis of the amplitudes enabled us to propose a mechanism in which the initial reversible binding step was followed by two irreversible isomerization steps. The rate constants and the extinction coefficients at 362 nm of the intermediate species were determined. Studies of the reconstitution under the stoichiometric conditions at various wavelengths confirmed the occurrence of at least three steps, and especially of the last decoupled step, but strongly suggest that the actual mechanism is more complex. PMID- 7225325 TI - On the cofactor specificity of glycinamide ribonucleotide and 5-aminoimidazole-4 carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase from chicken liver. AB - Tests of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) and glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR) transformylase cofactor specificity were conducted with 5 and/or 8-deazafolate analogues formylated at N-10. Several of these compounds were found to serve as cofactors for both the enzymes. The finding that 10-formyl 8-deazafolate can be used by AICAR transformylase eliminates those mechanisms requiring cyclization to a methenyl derivative prior to carbon unit transfer for this transformylase. Surprisingly, a similar analogue, 10-formyl-5,8-deazafolate, is very effective as a cofactor for GAR transformylase in the presence or absence of the trifunctional protein which is required for 5,10-methenyl-H4-folate activity with this transformylase. This finding suggests that the trifunctional protein modulates GAR transformylase cofactor specificity by supplying the active cofactor as the N10-formyl species, possibly through a transport process that avoids its dissociation into solution. PMID- 7225326 TI - Manganese ion dependent adenylate cyclase activity in rat testes: purification and properties. AB - Testicular, soluble adenylate cyclase has been purified by anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, peak fractions from the latter purification step showed only one polypeptide band with an apparent molecular weight of about 69 000. The following hydrodynamic and molecular parameters have been established for this enzyme: sedimentation constant, 4.3; Stokes radius, 3.95 nm; partial specific volume, 0.74 mL.g(-1); molecular weight, 74 000; fractional ratio, 1.4. PMID- 7225327 TI - Dissociation kinetics of the estrogen receptor immobilized by hydroxylapatite. PMID- 7225328 TI - Dissociation kinetics of the nuclear estrogen receptor. PMID- 7225329 TI - Glutamate formed from lignoceric acid by rat brain preparation in the presence of pyridine nucleotide and cytosolic factors: a brain-specific oxidation of very long chain fatty acids. PMID- 7225331 TI - In vitro microtubule assembly regulation by divalent cations and nucleotides. AB - Mg2+ and guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) are usually used to assemble microtubule protein (tubulin + microtubule-associated proteins) or tubulin into microtubules in vitro. Recently, it has been shown that Mn2+ will substitute for Mg2+ in inducing pure tubulin + GTP to assemble into microtubules. We find that Mn2+ also substitute for Mg2+ in inducing two-cycle calf microtubule protein (MTP) + GTP to assemble into microtubules. Zn2+ or Co2+ induces MTP + GTP to form sheets with more than 13 protofilaments. We find that Co2+ also substitutes for Zn2+ in inducing tubulin to form 200-nm tubules similar to those reported with Zn2+. To learn whether metal-induced assembly is due to direct binding and/or a metal-GTP complex, metal-induced assembly of MTP and tubulin was studied in the presence of CrIIIGTP or taxol, two probes which promote assembly in the absence of added GTP. With CrGTP, Mg2+ and ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) were required for optimal assembly into microtubules, and Mn2+ could substitute for Mg2+. MTP incubated with Zn2+ and CrGTP assembled into sheets, shorter than but similar to those induced by Zn2+ + GTP. Mg2+-induced microtubules and Zn2+-induced sheets contained 0.45 mol of [8-3H]GTP/mol of tubulin if assembled from [8-3H]GTP and a mixture of 0.25 mol of [8-3H]CrGTP, 0.1 mol of [8-3H]GDP, and 0.05 mol of [8-3H]CrGDP/mol of tubulin if assembled from [8 3H]CrGTP. Zn2+ induced taxol-treated MTP to form sheets. Sheets were also induced from tubulin + Zn2+ and either CrGTP or taxol. These studies suggest that the Zn2+-induced structures are not due to a Zn-GTP complex and that Mg2+ does not promote assembly only through a Mg-GTP complex. PMID- 7225330 TI - Cysteine auxotrophy of human leukemic lymphoblasts is associated with decreased amounts of intracellular cystathionase protein. AB - A series of human lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from nonleukemic donors are known to be cysteine prototrophs (cys+), while several lymphoblastoid lines derived from leukemic donors are cysteine auxotrophs (cys-). We have tested representative cell lines of each type for their content of cystathionase enzyme activity by a specific catalytic assay and their total cystathionase protein content by immunoprecipitation of in vivo labeled protein. There was a close correlation between the cellular content of the enzyme as determined in the two assays. Specifically, those cys+ lines having readily measureable enzyme by catalytic assay were found to contain significantly higher levels of immunoprecipitable Mr 43 000 cystathionase subunit than those cys- lines tested which were depleted in active enzyme. Thus, the absolute cysteine requirement of the leukemic, cys- cell lines tested is likely due to an intracellular reduction of cystathionase protein. PMID- 7225332 TI - Effects of ionizing radiation on the polymerization of microtubules in vitro. AB - Exposure of phosphocellulose-purified 6S tubulin to ionizing radiation results in a reduction or loss in its ability to participate in polymerization. Evidence is presented which correlates this loss in ability to polymerize with a reduction in the number of titratable sulfhydryl groups and a lowered affinity for guanosine triphosphate. PMID- 7225334 TI - Photoactivatable carbene-generating phospholipids: physical properties and use in detection of phase separations in lipid mixtures. PMID- 7225335 TI - Preparation and circular dichroism analysis of sodium hyaluronate oligosaccharides and chondroitin. PMID- 7225333 TI - Dynamic properties of the lipid-water interface of model membranes as revealed by lifetime-resolved fluorescence emission spectra. AB - We examined the dynamic properties of the lipid-water interface region of model membranes, on the nanosecond time scale, by using the fluorescent probe 2-p toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (TNS). In particular, we examined the steady-state emission spectra of TNS as its average lifetime was decreased by oxygen quenching. Under these quenching conditions the centers of gravity (Vcg) of the emission spectra shift ot shorter wavelengths. The lifetime dependence of these shifts reveals the time dependence of membrane relaxation around the excited-state dipole moment of TNS. The lipids investigated include dioleoyl-, dimyristoyl-, and dipalmitoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholines, bilayers containing cholesterol, and an ether analogue of dipalmitoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine. For these lipids, the spectral relaxation times and the temperature dependence of the relaxations are similar in magnitude. Most relaxation times fall in the range of 0.6-6 ns, and except for the ether analogue, the inactivation energies for spectral relaxation are 10 plus or minus 2 kcal/mol. The average energy loss during spectral relaxation was 1000 cm(-1). However, for the saturated phosphatidylcholines at temperatures below their transition temperatures, smaller relaxation losses were observed (approximately 600 cm(-1)). We attribute these smaller losses to ordering of the polar head groups around the ground-state dipole moment of TNS. Overall, these results indicate that the dynamic properties of the lipid-water interface region are similar among the phosphatidylcholines and depend only slightly on the chemical composition and phase state of the acyl side chains. PMID- 7225337 TI - Independent folding regions in aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase. AB - The folding of two monofunctional fragments of aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I has been studied. One of these fragments corresponds to the kinase activity and the N-terminal part of the polypeptide chain; the other one corresponds to the dehydrogenase activity and to the C-terminal part of the chain. Both fragments are able to refold into an enzymatically active conformation after complete disruption of their native structure. The kinase fragment folds up into an active monomeric species. The dehydrogenase fragment first folds up into an inactive monomeric species and then associates into an active dimeric species. These two fragments thus correspond to regions capable of autonomous folding. The folding of each of these fragments is compared to that of the corresponding region in the intact aspartokinase--homoserine dehydrogenase I reported previously [Garel, J.R., & Dautry-Varsat, A. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 3379-3383]. It is concluded that the N-and C-terminal regions of the intact polypeptide chain behave as independent folding units. A model of the sequence of steps involved in the folding process of aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase I is presented; its relevance to the evolution of this protein is also discussed. PMID- 7225336 TI - Translational mobility of glycophorin in bilayer membranes of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. AB - The translational diffusion of the integral membrane sialoglycoprotein from erythrocyte membranes, glycophorin, incorporated into bilayer membranes of dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine at a protein/lipid molar ratio of 1:4500 was examined by using the fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching technique. A plot of the diffusion coefficient vs. temperature shows a sharp decrease in the rate of diffusion at about 15 degrees C. This sharp diffusion transition is at a temperature some 9 degrees C lower than the calorimetrically measured lipid gel liquid crystalline phase transition temperature of the system. The difference between the diffusion transition temperature and the lipid phase transition temperature is attributed toi a localized fluidizing effect of the protein upon the gel phase lipid. The value of the diffusion coefficient above 15 degrees C was found to be (1-2) x 10(-8) cm(2)s(-1), and below 15 degrees C it was lower than about 5 x 10(-11)cm(2)s(-1). The fluorescence recovery in the bleached area as a consequence of diffusional redistribution appeared to be due to a single diffusing species at temperatures above 15 degrees C and due to more than one diffusing species below this temperature. PMID- 7225338 TI - alpha-Chymotrypsin deacylation: temperature dependence of hydrolysis and transesterification reactions. AB - The hydrolysis and transesterification reactions of furoyl-chymotrypsins display nonlinear Arrhenius plots with no apparent discontinuities. Of a number of models considered, the best explanation assumes a temperature-dependent rapid equilibrium between two forms of acyl-enzyme with differing reactivities. Rate constants for the transesterification of alpha-chymotrypsinyl 2-(5-n propyl)furoate, after normalization for this equilibrium, display a linear free energy correlation with the Taft polarity constants sigma* and volumes of the attacking alcohols. PMID- 7225339 TI - Solvent effects on thermodynamics of double-helix formation in (dG-dC)3. AB - The thermodynamics of double-helix formation by (dG-dC)3 have been measured in aqueous solvent mixtures containing 10 mol % methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, or urea and 20 mol % ethanol. Optical activity measurements indicate the conformation of the double helix at 3 degree C is the same in all the solvent mixtures except 20 mol % ethanol. All the cosolvents destabilize the helix relative to water. With 10 mol % alcohol cosolvents, this destabilization is associated with a more unfavorable entropy change averaging approximately 8% and a more favorable enthalpy change averaging approximately 5%. This is consistent with a small contribution of hydrophobic bonding to stability. In contrast, the destabilization by formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and urea is associated with a more unfavorable enthalpy change averaging approximately 23% and a more favorable entropy change averaging approximately 21%. Since all three of these cosolvents have dipole moments larger than water, this is consistent with increased competition for dipolar interactions between the nucleic acid bases. None of the results correlate with any one bulk solvent parameter such as surface tension, viscosity, or dielectric constant. With 20 mol % ethanol, optical activity measurements are consistent with a partial B to C form transition. This is associated with a 27% less favorable enthalpy and 25% more favorable entropy for helix formation relative to water. Since the B to C transition is associated with helix dehydration, this may imply a significant contribution of bound water to stability. PMID- 7225340 TI - Solvent effects on the kinetics and thermodynamics of stacking in poly(cytidylic acid). AB - The Raman laser temperature-jump technique has been used to measure the kinetics of the coil to helix reaction of poly(cytidylic acid) [poly(C)] in aqueous cosolvent mixtures. The rate of helix formation has a low activation energy and is proportional to reciprocal solvent viscosity. The observations suggest helix formation is rotationally diffusion controlled. The rate of coil formation in poly(C) has an activation energy of approximately 11 kcal/mol, presumably reflecting the electronic stacking interactions which stabilize the helix. Viscous cosolvents, glycerol or sucrose, slow down the rate of coil formation; acetonitrile and formamide at 5 mol % increase the rate relative to that in water. The polar cosolvents may specifically attack a cytosine stack. The absorbance vs. temperature profiles for poly(C) are analyzed with the one dimensional Ising model. When only optical data are used, the cooperativity parameter, sigma, and the enthalpy, delta H, cannot be uniquely determined. A method is proposed that allows determination of sigma by combining spectroscopic and calorimetric data. The values of sigma derived for poly(C) are between 0.8 and 1.0, and delta H is about -9 kcal/mol of stack. An alternative method using integration of the excess heat capacity curve and extrapolation to fully stacked and random coil species yields a delta H of -7 kcal/mol of stack. PMID- 7225342 TI - Solution structural studies of chromatin fibers. AB - We report solution structural studies on 9--16-kilobase (kb) fragments of the 30 nm chromatin fiber isolated from calf thymus nuclei. Samples were stabilized by dimethylsuberimidate cross-linking in 100 mM salt concentration to ensure retention of a compact conformation. Electron microscopy, sedimentation diffusion, light scattering, and gel electrophoresis were used to characterize materials which were fractionated by size by utilizing sucrose gradient sedimentation. Measurements reported include the translational frictional coefficient as determined by quasielastic light scattering and the rotational frictional coefficient as deduced from transient electric dichroism. These frictional properties were combined to yield 33 +/- 3 nm for the diameter of the fiber and a length of 1.5 +/- 0.1 nm per nucleosome. Assuming a superhelix pitch of 11 nm, we calculate 7.5 +/- 0.5 nucleosomes per superhelical turn. The 30-nm fiber was found to reach saturation of electric field orientation at about 10--13 kV/cm and to lack a detectable permanent dipole moment, implying no polarity of the fiber. The limiting reduced dichroism rho was found to be +0.06, intermediate between the values expected if the nucleosomal disk diameters were parallel (rho expected = -3/8) or perpendicular (rho expected +3/4) to the fiber axis. This result implies an average angle of 51 degrees between the fiber axis and the local DNA (nucleosomal) superhelix axis and rules out many of the simple models which have been proposed for the detailed structure of the 30-nm fiber. PMID- 7225341 TI - Effect of tetramethylammonium ion on the helix-to-coil transition of poly(deoxyadenylylthymidine): a nuclear magnetic resonance and calorimetric investigation. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry, temperature-dependent NMR, and UV spectroscopy are used to investigate the helix-to-coil transition of poly(deoxyadenylylthymidine) [poly(dA-dT)] in 1 M NaCl and 1 M Me4NCl (tetramethylammonium chloride). All three methods reveal that the polymer has a melting temperature, tm, that is approximately 6 degree C higher in 1 M Me4NCl than in 1 M NaCl. The NMR data show that this increased stability does not result from fundamental changes in base stacking or base pairing in going from 1 M NaCl to 1 M Me4NCl. Consistent with this observation, the calorimetric measurements yield essentially equal enthalpies for the helix-to-coil transition under the two salt conditions (6.8 kcal per base pair in 1 M NaCl and 7.0 kcal per base pair in M Me4NCl). Analysis of the shapes of the calorimetric curves shows that the transition is more cooperative in Me4NCl than in NaCl. Comparison of the calorimetric and van't Hoff enthalpies allows specification of the size of the cooperative unit: 27 base pairs in 1 M NaCl and 32 base pairs in 1 M Me4NCl. The NMR data reveal that the major Me4NCl-induced structural alterations (relative to NaCl) are a change in one glycosidic torison angle and a partial resolution of the two phosphates. The calorimetric experiments indicate that in the absence of fortuitous compensation these conformational changes are not accompanied by a significant enthalpy effect. On the basis of these data, we suggest that in 1 M NaCl poly(dA-dT) assumes predominantly a B-DNA-like conformation where the symmetry repeat occurs every base pair. By contrast, in 1 M Me4NCl the predominant conformation exhibits a dinucleotide repeat consistent with a right handed alternating B-DNA structure. PMID- 7225343 TI - Phosphorylation states of different histone 1 subtypes and their relationship to chromatin functions during the HeLa S-3 cell cycle. AB - The histone 1 (H1) fraction of HeLa S-3 cells contains two principal subtypes, H1A (Mr approximately 21 000) and H1B (Mr approximately 22 000). In G1 cells, the H1 molecules are distributed among several phosphorylation states, most H1A molecules containing 0 or 1 phosphate groups and most H1B molecules containing 0, 1, 2, or 3 phosphate groups. Both subtypes undergo a general increase in phosphorylation levels of approximately 1 P/mol during the S phase and a further increase or 3--4 P/mol during mitosis. These two increases affect most of the H1 molecules and thus reflect phosphorylations occurring widely throughout the chromatin, presumably in association with replication and mitotic chromosome condensation. During all these periods, multiple phosphorylation levels of H1 molecules persist, as does the phosphorylation differential between H1A and H1B. Thus, there appear to be phosphorylation states that only some of the H1 molecules occupy, a fact that may be related to the conformational diversity in interphase and mitotic chromatin. The existence of differences between H1A and H1B phosphorylation states throughout the cell cycle, and within a single cell type, is in accord with the hypothesis that the H1 subtypes are functionally distinct, such that subtype-specific phosphorylations contribute to the control of chromatin organization. PMID- 7225344 TI - Comparison of the structures of human histone 1A and 1B and their intramolecular phosphorylation sites during the HeLa S-3 cell cycle. PMID- 7225345 TI - Substrate and product inhibition initial rate kinetics of histone acetyltransferase. AB - Initial velocity and product inhibition kinetics of the histone acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.48) reaction indicate that the rat liver nuclear enzyme operates under a rapid equilibrium ordered bireactant mechanism. Histone adds first to the enzyme, and under the conditions of the experiment Ka = 0 as acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) concentration approaches saturating conditions. The Km for acetyl-CoA was 2.10 +/- 0.48 micrometer. Inhibition with acetyllysine resulted in a Kiq for the enzyme-acetyllysine complex of 1.96 +/- 0.30 mM. Inhibition with CoA yielded Kip for the ternary complex of 3.19 +/- 0.48 micrometer. These results indicate that the enzyme activity is comparatively independent of histone concentration, and, since the enzyme is sensitive only to acetyl-CoA and CoA concentrations, the enzyme will tend to maintain histones in the acetylated state. PMID- 7225346 TI - Amphomycin: effect of the lipopeptide antibiotic on the glycosylation and extraction of dolichyl monophosphate in calf brain membranes. PMID- 7225347 TI - Semisynthesis of phospholipase A2. Preparation and properties of arginine-6 bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2. PMID- 7225349 TI - Free energy changes in alpha-lactalbumin denaturation. AB - Previous work has shown that native alpha-lactalbumin (N) is completely denatured by the addition of guanidine hydrochloride (conformation D) but that partially denatured conformations appear in other denaturants. In particular, conformation I appears when the pH is lowered from 5.5 to 2.2 (I2.2) or when LiClO4 is added at pH 5.5 (I5.5). We have now determined the free energy changes for the processes N leads to I5.5, N leads to D5.5, and I2.2 leads to D2.2. We have also estimated the maximum value of the free energy change for the process N leads to I.22, and this allows us to estimate the changes for all conformational changes between any two of these five conformations. PMID- 7225350 TI - Purification and characterization of a transformation-dependent protein secreted by cultured murine fibroblasts. AB - The major excreted protein (MEP) of transformed mouse fibroblasts has been purified, and monospecific antisera against it have been prepared. Synthesis and secretion of this protein have previously been shown to be stimulated by transformation or treatment with tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but its function is still not known [Gottesman, M. M. (1978) Proc, Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 2767--2771; Gottesman, M. M., & Sobel, M. E. (1980) Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 19, 449--455]. The purified protein shows charge heterogeneity by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; the major intracellular and extracellular species have a molecular weight of 35 000 and a pI of 6.8--7.3. The purified secreted protein contains approximately 5--10% neutral sugar by weight and binds specifically to a concanavalin A--Sepharose affinity column. Translation of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) from cells actively synthesizing MEP in cell-free reticulocyte or wheat germ systems, which are reported to be unable to glycosylate translated proteins, results in a product of Mr 33 000 which is presumably devoid of neutral sugar. However, on two-dimensional electrophoresis, the MEP mRNA translation products continue to show charge heterogeneity similar to that seen in intact cells, suggesting that there may be multiple coordinately controlled mRNAs for MEP or a single mRNA species which can be translated in a variety of ways. PMID- 7225348 TI - 1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the structure and mechanism of the HPr protein of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - 1H NMR studies of the phosphocarrier protein HPr and its three nitrotyrosyl derivatives revealed some structural features which may finally lead to an explanation of the mechanism of the phospho-transfer reaction. Titration studies on mononitrated, dinitrated, and trinitrated derivatives--i.e., derivatives with Tyr-56, Tyr-56 and Tyr-37, and Tyr-56, Tyr-37, and Tyr-6 modified--have been performed. The three tyrosyl residues seem to be in positions completely different from each other with respect to their solvent accessibility; Tyr-56 seems to be located near the surface of the protein, Tyr-6 seems to be completely buried, and Tyr-37 takes an intermediate position. Tyr-6 contributes to the core structure of the protein. A resonance at -0.18 ppm could be shown to correspond to a CH3 group of a valine. Nuclear Overhauser experiments revealed its being close to Tyr-6. One of the resonances tentatively assigned to methionine SCH3 groups titrates in the dinitrated derivative with the same pK as nitrotyrosyl residue 37. The titration behavior of the active-center histidyl residue suggests a hydrogen bond to the imidazole ring, possibly from Tyr-56 or Arg-17. PMID- 7225351 TI - Isolation, identification, and biological activity of 25-hydroxy-24-oxovitamin D3: a new metabolite of vitamin D3 generated by in vitro incubations with kidney homogenates. AB - A metabolite of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 has been isolated in pure form from incubation mixtures containing kidney homogenates of chicks given large doses of vitamin D3. The isolation involved methanol--chloroform extraction and six steps of column chromatography. The metabolite was identified as 25-hydroxy-24 oxovitamin D3 by means of ultraviolet absorption spectrometry, mass spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and specific chemical reactions. Use of a sensitive in situ technique revealed that 25-hydroxy 24-oxovitamin D3 enhances intestinal calcium transport in rats approximately as effectively as 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 does. In contrast, 25-hydroxy-24 oxovitamin D3 appeared to be less active than 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in chicks 24 h after intravenous injection. PMID- 7225352 TI - Interaction of 8-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonate with rod outer segment membrane. PMID- 7225353 TI - Thermal denaturation of beef cardiac troponin and its subunits with and without calcium ion. PMID- 7225354 TI - Evidence for the existence of two classes of sulfhydryl groups essential for membrane-bound succinate dehydrogenase activity. AB - Kinetics of the inhibition of activated membrane-bound dehydrogenase by N substituted maleimides were studied. Three maleimide derivatives having a different hydrophobic character (N-ethyl-, N-butyl-, and N-benzylmaleimide) were tested. The method developed by Ray & Koshland (Ray, W. J., Jr., & Koshland, D. E., Jr. (1961) J. Biol, Chem. 236, 1973-1979) was used for analyzing experimental data. The results showed that two classes of sulfhydryl groups, with quite different reactivities, were essential for catalytic activity. The most reactive sulfhydryl groups were located in the substrate site as revealed by the fact that they were protected against alkylation in the presence of succinate or a competitive inhibitor, malonate. However, ligands of the catalytic site did not completely prevent inactivation of succinate dehydrogenase. Analysis of the kinetics of the inhibition observed in the presence of substrate indicated that the slow-reacting sulfhydryl groups did not belong to the active site. Rate constant values of the reaction of each set of sulfhydryl groups with the three maleimide derivatives showed that the most reactive thiols were probably located in a hydrophobic microenvironment since alkylation of this set of sulfhydryl groups was sensitive to the hydrophobic character of the thiol reagent. The reactivity of the other class of sulfhydryl groups was not influenced by the nature of the substituent. When the enzyme was deactivated by oxaloacetate, the two classes of sulfhydryl groups became unreactive with the alkylating agents. Masking of these groups may reflect a conformational change of the enzyme. PMID- 7225355 TI - Computation of enzyme-substrate specificity. AB - The present study reports the development of a new procedure for teh theoretical computation of enzyme-substrate specificities. The immediate goal has been to identify experimental data with which computations may be effectively compared, examine the underlying theoretical principles, and demonstrate feasibility. The experimental systems treated are hydrolyses catalyzed by chymotrypsin of Ac-Trp NH2, of Ac-Phe-NH2, and of the Hein-Niemann "locked" substrate derived from phenylalanine; this may be designated as Lock-HN-OCH3. For Trp and Phe, the L enantiomers are substrates while the D enantiomers are inhibitors, thus indicating differences of 7 kcal/mol or more in delta delta G (D-L). For the "locked" substrate, the D enantiomer is the better substrate and delta delta G (D L) is -4 to -6 kcal/mol. We have used molecular mechanics to compute steric energies of models for the transition state for these hydrolyses and have been able to reproduce the experimental delta delta G values surprisingly well even with a relatively primitive model. The differences in computed steric energies are not due to any one major term but are rather the consequences of summations of a large number of small terms. The new method shows promise of developing into a useful probe for the quantitative study of biochemical systems. PMID- 7225356 TI - Synthesis of 1-chloro-2-oxohexanol 6-phosphate, a covalent active-site reagent for phosphoglucose isomerase. AB - A new covalent active site reagent, 1-chloro-2-oxo-6-hexanol 6-phosphate, has been synthesized from glutaric acid monomethyl ester and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Inactivation of phosphoglucose isomerase, when incubated with various modifier concentrations, was found to be pseudo first order with respect to enzyme concentration (half-life of inactivation 6 h at pH 7.5 (30 degrees C) and 2.0 muM active site concentration) but showed saturation kinetics for the dependence on inactivator concentration. This saturation phenomenon demonstrates the occurrence of a reversible enzyme-inhibitor complex (Kdiss = 14.2 mM) preceding the irreversible inactivation via the chloromethyl oxo groups. Substrate or competitive inhibitors such as 6-phosphogluconate or 5 phosphoarabinonate protect against inactivation of the isomerase by the modifying reagent. PMID- 7225357 TI - Adsorption of divalent cations to a variety of phosphatidylcholine bilayers. AB - We have determined the degree of binding of divalent cations to several kinds of phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayers. This has been done by measuring the electrostatic interbilayer repuslive force that results when multilamellar lattices are exposed to Me2+Cl2 solutions. Divalent cations bind to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine in the sequence Ca2+ approximately equal to Cd2+ approximately equal to Mn2+ greater than Ca2+ approximately equal to Mg2+ greater than Ba2+. Among the different synthetic lipids, preference for Ca2+ is in the sequence DOPC less than DLPC less than DMPC approximately equal to DPPC approximately equal to DSPC. The density of bound charge is proportional to the density of polar groups on the bilayer surface. Phosphatidylcholines with mixed hydrocarbon chains, such as egg PC or 1:1 mixtures of synthetic PC's, form two distinct lamellar phases in CaCl2 solutions. In all cases the electrostatic force between bilayers decays exponentially with their separation but more slowly than expected from ionic double-layer theory. We suggest that the electric fields from opposing surfaces perturb the zwitterionic charge-binding polar groups and continuously modify their ion binding affinities as the bilayers approach. PMID- 7225358 TI - Resonance Raman spectroscopy of arsanilazocarboxypeptidase A: mode of inhibitor binding and active-site topography. AB - The interaction of inhibitors with the active site of arsanilazocarboxypeptidase A has been investigated by means of resonance Raman spectroscopy. The resonance Raman bands of the active-site azotyrosine-248 residue have been shown previously to be sensitive to its state of ionization and its interactions with nearby groups. In particular, the azophenol form of azotyrosine-248 can adopt two different coexisting conformations that differ with respect to the presence or absence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the phenolic proton and a nitrogen atom of the azo group. Each of these conformations exhibits characteristic vNN and v phi N azo stretching frequencies. The relative concentrations of these two forms, revealed by resonance Raman spectroscopy, are a sensitive probe of the hydrogen bond accepting ability of the local environment. The present study shows that the binding of L-benzylsuccinate, phenylacetate, L-phenyllactate, and beta-phenylpropionate markedly perturbs the distribution of the intra- and intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded forms of azotyrosine-248 in water. In contrast, glycyl-L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine leave this distribution unperturbed. These results, taken jointly with other data on inhibitor binding, serve to identify common binding sites for groups of inhibitors and result in plausible suggestions concerning the interactions between azotyrosine-248 and these inhibitors that lead to binding. PMID- 7225359 TI - Effect of oxygen and allosteric effects on structural stability of oligomeric hemocyanins of the arthropod, Limulus polyphemus, and the mollusc, Helix pomatia. PMID- 7225360 TI - Quaternary structure of scorpion (Androctonus australis) hemocyanin. Localization of subunits with immunological methods and electron microscopy. PMID- 7225361 TI - Kinetics of collagen fold formation in human type I procollagen and the effect of disulfide bonds. PMID- 7225363 TI - Structural studies of A-form sodium deoxyribonucleic acid: phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance of oriented fibers. AB - A highly oriented sample of A-form sodium deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been investigated by using proton-enhanced 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Proton-decoupled spectra taken with different angles between the magnetic field direction and the fiber direction are compared to theoretical spectra which are calculated by assuming the following: (1) the orientation of the phosphate groups in the fiber is given by the A-form DNA coordinates suggested by Arnott & Hukins [Arnott, S., & Hukins, D. W. L. (1972) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 47, 1504 1509]; (2) the DNA phosphate groups may be considered stationary on the NMR time scale; (3) the relevant features of the spectra are determined solely by chemical shift anisotropy of the phosphorus atoms. The experimental and calculated spectra are in excellent agreement and support the validity of the above assumptions contrary to conclusions drawn in another investigation [Shindo, H., Wooton, J. B., Pheiffer, B. H., & Zimmerman, S. B. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 518-526]. In particular, we find no evidence to support the notion of a highly irregular phosphodiester backbone. Comparison of observed and simulated spectra allows the determination of the orientation of the 31P chemical shielding tensor relative to the bonding framework of the phosphodiester group. The orientation agrees with that expected from NMR studies of phosphodiester model compounds [Kohler, S. J., & Klein, M. P. (1976) Biochemistry 15, 967-973; Herzfeld, J., Griffin, R. G., & Haberkorn, R. A. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 2711-2718] and X-ray diffraction of oriented fibers [Arnott, S., & Hukins, D. W. L. (1972) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 47, 1504-1509]. PMID- 7225362 TI - Differences in iron-fluoride bonding between the isolated subunits of human methemoglobin fluoride and sperm whale metmyoglobin fluoride as measured by resonance Raman spectroscopy. AB - The heme geometries of the isolated alpha and beta subunits of human methemoglobin fluoride (HbIIIF) and sperm whale metmyoglobin fluoride (MbIIIF) have been examined by exciting their Raman spectra within their ca. 6000-A charge transfer absorption bands. The Fe-F stretching vibration at 471 cm-1 in the beta subunits shifts to 466 cm-1 in the alpha subunits and to 461 cm-1 in MbIIIF. The Fe-F bond is estimated to elongate by 0.02 A in the alpha subunits and 0.03 AZ in MbIIIF compared with that in the beta subunits. This bond elongation is interpreted to result from an increased iron displacement toward the proximal histidine side of the heme in the series MbIIIF greater than alpha greater than beta. A comparison of the isolated subunit spectra with that of tetrameric HbIIIF indicates little change occurs in isolated subunit heme geometry upon association into tetrameric HbIIIF. A correlation is found between the gamma max of the 600-A charge-transfer absorption band and the Fe-F bond length. Elongation of the Fe-F bond is associated with a shift of the absorption spectral maximum to a longer wavelength. However, the absorption spectral shift induced by the inositsol hexaphosphate induced R leads to T conversion does not result from a change in the Fe-F stretching frequency (+/- 0.5 cm-1). In contrast, frequency shifts are observed for heme macrocyclic vibrational modes. The data are interpreted to indicate that the effect of the R leads to T conversion in HbIIIF is to perturb heme macrocycle conformation without altering the heme out-of-plane iron distance or the Fe-F bond length. PMID- 7225365 TI - Kinetic analysis of guanosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis associated with tubulin polymerization. AB - The correlation between the time courses of pure tubulin assembly and accompanying guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis has been studied at different tubulin concentrations in the range where the rate of assembly varies with a strong cooperativity. One GTP molecule was found hydrolyzed per molecule of tubulin dimer incorporated in the microtubule. This hydrolysis was not strictly coupled to polymerization and occurred in a subsequent step. Consequently, in the first stages of assembly, tubulin-GtP complex is the transient major constituent of microtubules. Kinetic data of GTP hydrolysis have been treated within a model of two consecutive first-order reactions: [tubulin GTP]free k1 leads to [tubulin-GTP]MT k2 leads to [tubulin-GDP]MT + [Pi] GTP hydrolysis proceeded at an intrinsic rate k2 = 0.25 min-1 independent of tubulin concentration. Simultaneous measurements of polymerization, GTPase activity, and incorporation of [3H]GTP followed by unlabeled GTP chase indicated that before its hydrolysis GTP bound to microtubules was exchangeable while after hydrolysis GDP remained locked in the E site. The possibility is discussed that after assembly tubulin undergoes a conformation change which could trigger GTP hydrolysis and sequestration of GDP. PMID- 7225364 TI - Ethidium bromide and its photoreactive analogues: spectroscopic analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid binding properties. PMID- 7225366 TI - Conformation and assembly characteristics of tubulin and microtubule protein from bovine brain. AB - The conformational requirements for the efficient assembly of bovine brain tubulin into microtubules have been investigated by using near-UV circular dichroism. Microtubule protein was prepared by the assembly-disassembly method of Shelanski et al. [Shelanski, M. L., Gaskin, F., & Cantor, C. R. (1973) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70, 765-768]. Tubulin dimer, isolated from this multiprotein complex by phosphocellulose ion-exchange chromatography in the presence and absence of Mg2+, was compared with tubulin dimer (WT dimer) prepared by the method of Weisenberg & Timasheff [Weisenberg, R. C., & Timasheff, S. N. (1970) Biochemistry 9, 4110-4116]. The tubulin from both dimer preparations showed identical electrophoretic patterns in which high molecular weight protein was undetectable. However, reproducible and significant differences were found in the near-UV CD spectra. Phosphocellulose-treated tubulin resembles the original microtubule protein more closely than does WT dimer, although this latter material has been widely accepted as being representative of the native protein. The phosphocellulose-treated tubulin and WT dimer are not readily interconvertible by simple physical or chemical treatments. The assembly capability of the various tubulin dimer preparations was compared by measuring the enhancement by tubulin dimer of assembly of ring fraction (isolated from microtubule protein by gel filtration of Sepharose 6B). Again phosphocellulose treated tubulin is found to have more like native microtubule protein than does WT dimer. PMID- 7225367 TI - Phospholipid asymmetry in Semliki Forest virus grown on baby hamster kidney (BHK 21) cells. PMID- 7225368 TI - Isolation and sequence analysis of a somatostatin-like polypeptide from ovine hypothalamus. AB - A large somatostatin-like polypeptide of apparent molecular weight 3000-4500 [4K somatostatin (SS)] was isolated from ovine hypothalamus. The polypeptide was obtained in the methionine sulfoxide form. Two microsequence analyses of 0.6 and 1.8 nmol of 4K SS were performed with a modified 890 C spinning cup sequencer. The sequencing data together with results of amino acid analysis and C-terminal end-group determination indicated that 4K SS was identical with somatostatin-28 (SS-28) isolated from procine upper small intestine and sequenced by Pradayrol et al. [Pradayrol, L., Jornvall, H., Mutt, V., & Ribet, A. (1980) FEBS Lett. 109, 55 58]. No free cysteine sulfhydryl group could be detected, so that it was assumed that the two cysteine residues of ovine SS-28 formed an intramolecular disulfide bond. Besides the structure of SS-28, the N-terminal first 30 residues of an unknown polypeptide from ovine hypothalamus were sequenced as follows: H-Ile-Pro Ile-Tyr-Glu-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Gly-Gln-Val-Pro-Met-Cys-Asp-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gln- Cys-Ala-Val Arg-Lys-Gly-Ala-Arg-Ile-Gly-Lys. Trypsin cleaved the somatostatin (SS) entity less selectively from ovine hypothalamic SS-28 than from rat hypothalamic 12 000 dalton SS-like polypeptide (12K SS). Native ovine hypothalamic SS-28 was found to be highly potent in inhibit growth hormone release from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. The results raised doubts that ovine SS-28 would be an SS precursor and indicated that SS-28 itself may possess regulatory functions. PMID- 7225369 TI - Nanosecond fluorescence spectroscopy of human immunoglobulin A. AB - The solution properties of five samples of human immunoglobulin A (IgA) were investigated with covalent and hydrophobic fluorescence probes. The immunoglobulins included a secretory IgA and four myeloma proteins of both IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses in the monomeric and dimeric forms. The probe 8 anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS) was found to bind to both monomeric and dimeric IgA with comparable affinity. Pyrenesulfonyl chloride covalently linked to the proteins exhibited multiexponential decays. The decay of ANS complexed to the same proteins showed similar multiple exponential character. The rotational motions of the immunoglobulins were investigated by the nanosecond fluorescence anisotropy decay method. The decay of both probes attached to these proteins was characterized by a fast component followed by a slow component. The rapid component was in the range 14-26 ns for th covalent conjugates and 26-41 ns for the ANS complexes. These results are interpreted in terms of a segmental motion arising from a mass in the range 60 000-100 000 daltons, If the decrease in the anisotropy value at long times is taken as a measure of restricted diffusion of the mobile fragment, the half-angle of a cone within which the fragment traverses may provide a qualitative measure of the extent of flexibility. By this criterion, monomeric and dimeric IgA's of the same subclass appear to be qualitatively similar in flexibility. PMID- 7225370 TI - Spectroscopic studies of ascorbate oxidase. Electronic structure of the blue copper sites. AB - Low-temperature electronic absorption and room temperature circular dichroism (CD) and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra are reported for ascorbate oxidase. Bands attributable to d-d electronic transitions in the type 1 (blue) coppers (2B2 ground state) have been observed at 5800, 10000, and 12000 cm-1 (1725, 1000, and 835 nm). The three bands are assigned to the transitions 2B2 leads to 2E, 2B2 leads to 2B1, and 2B2 leads to 2A1, respectively, in the slightly flattened tetrahedral blue copper centers. The ligand field theoretical treatment predicts a type 1 copper reduction potential of 417 mV. The MCD spectrum of ascorbate oxidase contains one major band at 14000 cm-1 (710 nm) and a very weak feature at 13 200 cm-1 (550 nm). The intensities of the CD and MCD bands are consistent with two or three type 1 coppers in each enzyme molecule, and the near-infrared spectroscopic results suggest that the electronic structures of the blue coppers are closely similar. PMID- 7225371 TI - Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy of myoglobin: assignment of pK values of tyrosyl phenolic groups and the stability of the ferryl derivatives. PMID- 7225372 TI - Left-handed deoxyribonucleic acid double helix in solution. AB - Magnetic shielding constants were calculated for the synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double helix poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) from the x, y, and z coordinates of Z-DNA of Rich and co-workers [Wang, A. H-J., Quigley, G. J., Kolpak, F. J., Crawford, J. L., van Boom, J. H., van der Marel, G., & Rich, A. (1979) Nature (London) 282, 680-686)] and B-DNA of Arnott & Hukins [Arnott, S., & Hukins, D. W. L. (1972) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 47, 1504-1509], taking into account the contribution to shielding from ring current effects and effects from the diamagnetic and paramagnetic components of the atomic magnetic anisotropy. Comparison of the calculated shielding values with the experimentally observed nuclear magnetic resonance shift data for poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) in high salt solution shows striking agreement for Z-DNA and considerable deviation for B-DNA, indicating that this synthetic DNA double helix is high salt solution can assume the spatial configuration of the left-handed Z-DNA double helix known to occur in crystals. PMID- 7225373 TI - The relationship between plasma membrane lipid composition and physical-chemical properties. I. Fluorescence polarization studies of fatty acid-altered EL4 tumor cell membranes. AB - EL4 cels were cultured with exogenous fatty acids under conditions that resulted in their incorporation into membranes phospholipids. The behavior of the fluorescent lipid probes diphenylhexatriene and perylene was monitored in intact EL4 cells and in isolated EL4 plasma membranes. In whole cells substituted with unsaturated fatty acids, there was always a marked decrease in the P value of both probes compared to the P value of the probes in unsubstituted cells. In whole cells substituted with saturated fatty acids, on the other hand, P values for both probes were unchanged compared to unsubstituted cells. In plasma membrane isolated from EL4 cells, no difference in P values for either probe was observed among membranes from unsubstituted, saturated fatty acid substituted or unsaturated fatty acid substituted cells, even when the degree of fatty acid substitution was quite substantial. Most of the fluorescent signal for both probes in whole cells appeared to come from cytoplasmic lipid droplets. The value of techniques such as fluorescent polarization from monitoring physical properties of membranes (such as 'fluidity') is discussed. PMID- 7225374 TI - Inhibition of reticulocyte iron uptake by NH4Cl and CH3NH2. AB - The aim of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that elevation of intracellular pH would inhibit iron uptake by reticulocytes. The experiments were performed with rabbit reticulocytes and iron bound to rabbit transferrin. Incubation of the cells with NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, CH3NH2 and (CH3)2NH was used in an attempt to increase intracellular pH. These substances were all found to inhibit iron uptake by reticulocytes. The mechanism of action of NH4Cl and CH3NH2 was investigated in detail. Similar results were found with both reagents. They inhibited iron uptake in a concentration-dependent manner, but produced a small increase in the cellular uptake of transferrin. The onset of action was rapid and the effect was reversible. There was no decrease in the number of transferrin binding sites per cell and their apparent affinity for transferrin increased slightly, while the efficiency of iron removal from transferrin per binding site diminished greatly. The rate of transferrin release from reticulocytes was unaffected. NH4Cl did not affect the rate of iron release from transferrin in a cell-free system. Incubation of reticulocytes with 10 mM NH4Cl or CH3NH2 was found to produce an increase in intracellular pH of 0.05-0.15 pH units. The intracellular pH determined by use of the weak acid 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4 dione was significantly higher than that obtained with the weak base (CH3)2NH. By transmission electron microscopy it was shown that reticulocytes treated with NH4Cl or CH3NH2 have enlarged intracellular vesicles. The results are considered to support the hypothesis that iron release from transferrin in reticulocytes occurs as a result of protonation of the transferrin within intracellular vesicles. According to this hypothesis, weak bases such as NH3 and CH3NH2 inhibit iron release by neutralizing H+ within the vesicles. PMID- 7225375 TI - Incorporation of the transmembrane hydrophobic domain of glycophorin into small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. Ion flux studies. PMID- 7225376 TI - Probing the micelle/water interface by a rapid laser-induced proton pulse. AB - The laser-induced pH jump (Gutman, M. and Huppert, D.J. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Methods 1, 9-19) has a time resolution capable of measuring the diffusion controlled rate constant of proton binding. In the present study we employed this technique for measuring the kinetics of protonation-deprotonation of surface groups of macromolecules. The heterogeneous surface of proteins excludes them from serving as a simple model, therefore we used micelles of a neutral detergent (Brij 58) as a high molecular weight structure. The charge was varied by the addition of a low concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the surface group with which the protons react was an adsorbed pH indicator (bromocresol green or neutral red). The dissociation of a proton from adsorbed bromocresol green is slower than that from free indicator. This effect is attributed to the enhanced stabilization of the acid form of the indicator in the pallisade region of the micelle. The pK shift of bromocresol green adsorbed on neutral micelles is thus quantitatively accounted for by the decreased rate of proton dissociation. Indicators such as neutral red, which are more lipid soluble in their alkaline form, do not exhibit such decelerated proton dissociation in their adsorbed state nor a pK shift on adsorption to neutral micelles. The protonation of an indicator is a diffusion-controlled reaction, whether it is free in solution or adsorbed on micelles. By varying the electric charge of the micelle this rate can be accelerated or decelerated depending on the total charge of the micelle. The micellar charge calculated from this method was corroborated by other measurements which rely only on equilibrium parameters. The high time resolution of the pH jump is exemplified by the ability to estimate the diffusion coefficient of protons through the hydrated shell of the micelle. PMID- 7225378 TI - Structure of 1-acyl lysophosphatidylcholine and fatty acid complex in bilayers. AB - The phase transition characteristics of bilayers formed in a codispersion of 1 acyl lysophosphatidylcholine and a fatty acid depend on the chain length of both the components and on the pH of the aqueous medium. Incorporation of cholesterol as a third component abolishes the transition. It is suggested that acyl chain interactions between fatty acid and 1-acyl lysophosphatidylcholine molecules in their aqueous codispersions are maximized by close-packing such that the acyl chains of both molecules are aligned parallel to each other and the carboxyl group is located in the vicinity of the 2-hydroxyl group of lysophosphatidylcholine. The shape and size of a functional dimer thus formed are similar but not identical to those of 1,2-diacyl phosphatidylcholine. Several predictions arising from this suggestion, including phase separation in codispersions of fatty acid + 1-acyl lysophosphatidylcholine + diacyl phosphatidylcholine, are experimentally confirmed. PMID- 7225377 TI - Studies on the mechanism of membrane fusion. Role of head-group composition in calcium- and magnesium-induced fusion of mixed phospholipid vesicles. AB - We have investigated the contribution of various phospholipids to membrane fusion induced by divalent cations. Fusion was followed by means of a new fluorescence assay monitoring the mixing of internal aqueous contents of large (0.1 micrometer diameter) unilamellar liposomes. The rate and extent of fusion induced by Ca2+ in mixed phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine vesicles were lower compared to those in pure phosphatidylserine vesicles. The presence of 50% phosphatidylcholine completely inhibited fusion, although the vesicles aggregated upon Ca2+ addition. When phosphatidylserine was mixed with phosphatidylethanolamine, however, rapid fusion could be induced by Ca2+ even in mixtures that contained only 25% phosphatidylserine. Phosphatidylethanolamine also facilitated fusion by Mg2+ which could not fuse pure phosphatidylserine vesicles. In phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylcholine mixtures, in which the phosphatidylcholine content was kept at 25%, phosphatidylethanolamine could not substitute for phosphatidylserine, and the fusogenic capacity of Mg2+ was abolished by the presence of merely 10% phosphatidylcholine. The initial rate of release of vesicle contents was slower than the rate of fusion in all the mixtures used. The presence of phosphate effected a considerable decrease in the threshold concentration of Ca2+ and also enhanced the rate and extent of fusion. Mg2+ had a synergistic effect on Ca2+ induced fusion of phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylethanolamine vesicles. We suggest that the role of phospholipids in membrane fusion is related to their ability to form dehydrated intermembrane complexes with divalent cations. PMID- 7225379 TI - Permeability of Novikoff hepatoma cells to water and monohydric alcohols. AB - The permeability coefficients of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cell membranes for tritiated water (3HHO) and for a homologous series of monohydric alcohols (methanol through hexanol) were deduced from linear diffusion coefficients by means of a series-parallel pathway model (Redwood et al. (1974) J. Gen. Physiol. 64, 706-729). Membrane permeability coefficients for 3HHO at 20, 30 and 37 degrees C were (all x 10(-5)) 97, 125, and 163 cm . s-1, respectively, and were significantly smaller than the corresponding values for the alcohols tested. In the alcohols series, ethanol had the lowest permeability coefficient 198 x 10(-5) cm . s-1 at 20 degrees C. The apparent activation energy for water permeation was 6.7 +/- 1.9 S.E. kcal . mol-1. The apparent membrane diffusion coefficients for the alcohols were a complex function of molecular properties with less diffusional membrane resistance to the alcohols in the middle of the homologous series than would have been expected on the basis of oil-water partitioning or molar volume considerations. The conventional parallel aqueous lipophilic pathway model is not consistent with the present data which can be interpreted by consideration of parallel lipophilic pathways through the Novikoff hepatoma cell membrane. PMID- 7225380 TI - Osmotic permeability of Novikoff hepatoma cells. AB - The osmotic permeability coefficient (Pf) for water movement across Novikoff hepatoma cells was found to be 82 +/- 3 (S.E.) x 10(-5) cm . s-1 at 20 degrees C. The corresponding diffusional permeability coefficient for 3HHO (Pd) was 97 +/- 10 (S.E.) . 10(-5) cm . s-1, therefore the ratio Pf/Pd is close to unity. The apparent activation energy for water filtration was 10.4 +/- 0.4 (S.E.) kcal . mol-1. This value is significantly greater than the activation energy for the self diffusion of water. The product of the hydraulic permeability coefficient and the viscosity coefficient for water was temperature-dependent. However, the product of the hydraulic permeability coefficient and the viscosity coefficient for membrane lipid did not vary with temperature. These data are interpreted as evidence for water movement across a lipid membrane barrier rather than through aqueous channels. PMID- 7225381 TI - Erythrocyte membrane elasticity during in vivo ageing. AB - Changes in the ability of senescent erythrocytes to pass through the microcirculation may cause them to be trapped in the spleen and removed from the blood. To help understand this process we have measured erythrocyte membrane elasticity, to see whether it changes during in vivo ageing. Human and rabbit red cells were fractionated by isopycnic sedimentation to obtain samples of aged and young cells. These were subjected to micropipette analysis in order to determine their membrane shear elastic modulus. We found that the membrane rigidity did not significantly alter as red cells aged. Previously we have also demonstrated that the changed size and shape of aged cells is unlikely to explain their removal from the circulation (Nash, G.B. and Wyard, S.J. (1981) Biorheology, in the press). Thus we conclude that the lifespan of erythrocytes is not determined by factors related to membrane flexibility or cell shape but may depend on changes in their viscous properties (as suggested by Williams, A.R. and Morris, D.R. (1980), Scand. J. Haematol. 24, 57--62). PMID- 7225382 TI - Translocation of cytidine 5'-monophosphosialic acid across Golgi apparatus membranes. AB - Golgi apparatus, isolated from rat liver, incorporate [14C]sialic acid from CMP[14C]sialic acid into endogenous glycolipid and glycoprotein acceptors. Incorporation of [14C]sialic acid into endogenous glycoprotein acceptors was stimulated an average of 3-fold by Triton X-100 at an optimal concentration of 0.05% and was inhibited at higher concentrations. Incorporation of [14C]sialic acid into endogenous glycolipid acceptors was not stimulated by detergent. The major glycolipid product was identified by thin-layer chromatography as the ganglioside GD3. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on the glycoprotein products demonstrated incorporation of [14C]sialic acid into 6--7 major bands. Neuraminidase studies determined that approximately 60% of the [14C]sialic acid incorporated into endogenous acceptors in the absence of detergent had a luminal orientation. Furthermore, electron microscopy studies showed that the isolated Golgi apparatus fraction consisted of intact membrane cisternae. Our results demonstrate that sialylation of cisternal acceptors located on the inside of the membrane occurs in the absence of detergent. They are consistent with carrier mediated transport as a mechanism to allow CMPsialic acid to traverse the Golgi apparatus membrane and to be used to glycosylate endogenous glycoprotein and glycolipid acceptors. PMID- 7225383 TI - Distinct mechanisms of hypoxanthine and inosine transport in membrane vesicles isolated from Chinese hamster ovary and Balb 3T3 cells. AB - Both enzyme-mediated group translocation and facilitated diffusion have been proposed as mechanisms by which mammalian cells take up purine bases and nucleosides. We have investigated the mechanisms for hypoxanthine and inosine transport by using membrane vesicles from Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), Balb/c 3T3 and SV3T3 cells prepared by identical procedures. Uptake mechanisms were characterized by analyzing intravesicular contents, determining which substrates could exchange with the transport products, assaying for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity, and measuring the stimulation of uptake of hypoxanthine by phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRib-PP). We found that the uptake of hypoxanthine in Balb 3T3 vesicles was stimulated 3--4-fold by PRib-PP. The intravesicular product was predominantly IMP. The hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity copurified with the vesicle preparation. These results suggest the possible involvement of this enzyme in hypoxanthine uptake in 3T3 vesicles. In contrast to the 3T3 vesicles, CHO vesicles prepared under identical procedures did not retain hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity and did not demonstrate PRib-PP-stimulated hypoxanthine uptake. The intravesicular product of hypoxanthine uptake in CHO vesicles was hypoxanthine. These results and data from our kinetic and exchange studies indicated that CHO vesicles transport hypoxanthine via facilitated diffusion. An analogous situation was observed for inosine uptake; CHO vesicles accumulated inosine via a facilitated diffusion mechanism, while in the same experiments SV3T3 vesicles exhibited a purine nucleoside phosphorylase-dependent translocation of the ribose moiety of inosine. Vesicles prepared from a CHO cell line temperature-sensitive for hypoxanthine uptake (Azarts) showed a temperature-sensitivity in Km for uptake parallel to that of the intact cells. This suggests that the defect in Azarts may be caused by a missense mutation in the gene coding for the hypoxanthine transport carrier. PMID- 7225384 TI - Topology of membrane sulfhydryl groups in the human erythrocyte. Demonstration of a non-reactive population in intrinsic proteins. AB - A major fraction of the protein sulfhydryl groups of human erythrocyte membranes can be oxidized to disulfide bonds by the lipid soluble reagent, diamide, and the hydrophilic reagent, tetrathionate. Furthermore, the same fraction also reacts with the monofunctional reagent, N-ethylmaleimide. About 20% of the SH groups, however, do not react with any of these agents even upon prolonged treatment and increased concentrations. These 'non-reacting' SH groups were now localized by a procedure involving blockage of the accessible SH groups by non-labeled N ethylmaleimide or by diamide, subsequent isolation and solubilization of the membranes in SDS and labelling of the now accessible, residual SH groups with N [ethyl-2-3H]ethylmaleimide. The distribution of the radioactivity over the peptide fractions shows that the non-reacting SH groups are mainly localized in the intrinsic proteins, while essentially all of the SH groups of the extrinsic protein, spectrin, are reactive. After solubilization of the membranes with Triton X-100 the non-reacting SH groups became reactive towards N-ethylmaleimide. It is proposed that lack of reaction of SH groups in the native membranes is due to their localization within the hydrophobic core of the membrane. PMID- 7225385 TI - Fluorescence polarization studies and biochemical properties of membranes exfoliated from the cell surface of rabbit thymocytes in situ. AB - In the course of our work on membrane phenomena related to the differentiation of lymphocytes in the rabbit thymus, we isolated membranous material from the extracellular compartment of this organ. With respect to their ultrastructural appearance, enzyme activity, lipid composition (cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio, fatty acid composition of total phospholipids, phospholipid composition) and lipid fluidity, these membranes were shown to exhibit characteristics similar to those of purified plasma membranes isolated from disrupted thymocytes. Moreover, their antigenic specificity as determined in a cytotoxicity adsorption test was identical. From our experiments, we hypothesize that the extracellular membrane fragments found in the rabbit thymus are derived mainly from material shed by immature thymocytes. PMID- 7225386 TI - Potassium chloride cotransport in steady-state ascites tumor cells. Does bumetanide inhibit? AB - Bumetanide is a potent diuretic drug which has some structural features in common with furosemide. The steady-state exchange of K+ and Cl- was investigated in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells treated with bumetanide. This agent did not alter the cellular content of K+ or Cl- but the self-exchange of both ions was depressed. K+ self-exchange was inhibited by 55% at bumetanide concentrations as low as 10( 6) M. Cl- self-exchange was less sensitive to this drug but at low concentrations (between 10(-6) and 10(-3) M) bumetanide was a more effective inhibitor of Cl- transfer than furosemide. The steady-state K+ flux of cells equilibrated in NO3- media was compared with the K+ flux in cells treated with 10(-4) or 10(-3) M bumetanide; the Cl(-)-sensitive K+ exchange was equivalent to the bumetanide sensitive K+ exchange. Since the results suggested that a bumetanide-sensitive (Cl-, K+) cotransport could be operative in steady-state cells, the stoichiometry of the bumetanide-sensitive fluxes was determined by measuring Cl- and K+ fluxes simultaneously in the same cell suspension. At 5 . 10(-4) and 10(-3) M bumetanide concentrations, the ratio of these fluxes was 0.98 +/- 0.07 (S.E.) and 1.04 +/- 0.06, respectively, consistent with the postulated cotransport mechanism. At 10( 4) and 10(-5) M, however, the ratio of the bumetanide-sensitive Cl-/K+ flux was significantly less than 1.0. Since the magnitude of the bumetanide-sensitive K+ flux at 10(-4) M was close to that of the Cl(-)-sensitive flux, a ratio of less than 1.0 at this drug level indicates that Cl-sensitivity and drug sensitivity may not reflect inhibition of the same process under all circumstances. PMID- 7225387 TI - Liposome-cell interactions. A study of the interactions of liposomes containing entrapped anti-cancer drugs with the EMT6, S49 and AE1 (transport-deficient) cell lines. AB - A study has been made to determine if the cytotoxicity observed when cells in culture were exposed to liposome-entrapped cytotoxic drugs was liposome mediated or resulted from leakage of drug from the liposomes with subsequent uptake of free drugs by the cells. In preliminary experiments with the EMT6 cell line in monolayer culture, the cytotoxicity observed when the cells were exposed to a range of concentrations of liposome-entrapped methotrexate, actinomycin D and cytosine arabinoside for a variety of liposome compositions was somewhat less than that observed when the cells were exposed to similar concentrations of free drug. We suspected that the cytotoxicity was mediated via uptake of free drug leaked from liposomes. This was confirmed in experiments involving the EMT6 and S49 cell lines in monolayer or suspension culture, respectively, in the absence and presence of the nucleoside transport inhibitor, 6-(4-nitrobenzyl)thio)-9-beta D-ribofuranosylpurine. Additional experiments were performed in a transport deficient mutant of the S49 cell line, the AE1 cell line. No evidence for liposome-mediated cell death could be found in these cell lines when tubercidin 5'-monophosphate was entrapped in either large or small unilamellar liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (2 : 1), bovine brain phosphatidylserine/egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (8 : 2 : 5) or egg phosphatidylcholine/stearylamine/cholesterol (10 : 1 : 5). Considerable toxicity due to empty liposomes of a variety of compositions was observed in the S49 cell line at high lipid concentrations. PMID- 7225388 TI - The uptake of amines by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Muscarinic and beta-adrenergic ligands associate with polymorphonuclear leukocytes to show high-affinity, saturable accumulation. This association can be distinguished from specific receptor binding by its temperature dependence, sensitivity to pH, requirement of an energy source, inhibition by ionophores, and inhibition by a variety of permeable basic amines. Our results suggest that these amines accumulate in acidic lysosomes which are plentiful in these cells. This permeable amine effect can be inhibited without affecting specific receptor binding. PMID- 7225389 TI - Characterization of acetylcholine receptor isolated from Torpedo californica electroplax through the use of an easily removable detergent, beta-D octylglucopyranoside. AB - Non-ionic detergents used for the solubilization and purification of acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica electroplax may remain tightly bound to this protein. The presence of detergent greatly hinders spectrophotometric and hydrodynamic studies of the receptor protein. beta-D Octylglucopyranoside, however, is found to be effective in solubilizing the receptor from electroplax membranes with minimal interference in the characterization of the protein. The acetylcholine receptor purified from either octylglucopyranoside- or Triton X-100-solubilized extracts exhibits identical amino acid compositions, alpha-Bungarotoxin and (+)-tubocurarine binding parameters, and subunit distributions in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The use of octylglucopyranoside allows for the assignment of a molar absorptivity for the purified receptor at 280 nm of approx. 530000 M-1 . cm-1. Additionally, successful reconstitution of octylglucopyranoside-extracted acetylcholine receptor into functional membrane vesicles has recently been achieved (Gonzales Ros, J.M., Paraschos, A. and Martinez-Carrion, M. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 1796--1799). Removal of octylglucopyranoside by dialysis does not alter the specific toxin and antagonist binding ability of the receptor or its solubility at low protein concentrations. Sedimentation profiles of the purified acetylcholine receptor in sucrose density gradients reveal several components. Sedimentation coefficients obtained for the slowest sedimenting species agree with previously reported molecular weight values. Additionally, the different sedimenting forms exhibit distinctive behavior in isoelectric focusing gels. Our results suggest that both the concentration and type of detergent greatly influence the physicochemical behavior of the receptor protein. PMID- 7225390 TI - The effect of fatty acids on the surface potential of phospholipid vesicles measured by condensed phase radioluminescence. AB - (1) The carboxyl group of fatty acids has a very low pK value, which is shifted into the physiological pH range when they are incorporated in a phospholipid membrane. As a result of a pH increase the surface charge and surface potential of the membrane increase. (2) The titration of the carboxyl group was observed with condensed phase radioluminescence. This technique uses the electron emitted by the tritiated membrane probe (oleic acid or cholesterol) to excite a fluorophore also incorporated in the bilayer. (3) The phase transition of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles labelled within 12-(9 anthroyloxy)stearic acid was measured by condensed phase radioluminescence at different pH values. (4) We related the condensed phase radioluminescence signal to the asymmetrical distribution of the fluorophore between the inner and outer layer of the lipid membrane which is induced by the repulsion of the negatively charged fatty acids. (5) We showed that the condensed phase radioluminescence signal is proportional to the protonation of the carboxyl group. On this basis, the broadening of the titration curve can be explained as an effect of the self induced membrane potential calculated using the Gouy-Chapman theory. (6) Ca2+ drastically reduces the flip-flop rate of fatty acids across the membrane and also caused a decrease in the asymmetric distribution. (7) We concluded that a fatty acid can act as a membrane surface buffer. The pK value of 12-(9 anthroyloxy)stearic acid in a dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine membrane is 7.0 +/- 0.3. (8) We discuss the results with respect to aggregation, fusion and clustering. PMID- 7225391 TI - Permeability of axon membranes to local anesthetics. AB - The permeability of the neutral form of tertiary amine local anesthetics across squid axon membranes was studied by utilizing three different experimental methods: (1) narcotic action of axon excitability was measured by monitoring the time derivative of action potential and the results were analyzed in terms of a diffusion reaction equation of local anesthetics to obtain their permeabilities; (2) the influx of local anesthetic into the axon was measured by use of the radioisotope tracer technique; and (3) the desorption rates of the neutral form of local anesthetics from lipid monolayers were measured and the desorption rate was correlated with permeability. The relative permeabilities obtained for procaine, lidocaine and tetracaine by the above three methods were comparable. The order of relative permeabilities was procaine greater than lidocaine greater than tetracaine, and had an inverse correlation with the partition coefficients of anesthetics at oil/water phases. Some discussion concerning the concept of permeability is made when the partition coefficient of a permeant molecule is high. PMID- 7225392 TI - The loosely bound non-histone chromosomal proteins of rat prostate in androgen action. AB - Rat prostatic chromatin was fractionated by sequential salt extractions into 0.35 M NaCl-soluble (the loosely bound non-histone chromosomal proteins), 2 M NaCl soluble and -insoluble (the residual proteins) fractions. Homologous and heterologous chromatins were reconstituted with these chromosomal fractions from castrated rats injected with testosterone for 2 h and from castrated control. Chromatin reconstituted with all hormone-treated fractions showed 30% more binding with polylysine and transcriptional template activity than did chromatin reconstituted with castrated fractions. Similar analyses of reconstituted heterologous chromatins indicated that the androgen-induced changes in chromatin were mainly determined by the androgenic state of the 0.35 M NaCl-soluble fraction. The 0.35 M NaCl-soluble fraction also contained 18% more total high mobility group protein than did the corresponding castrated fraction. Limited digestion of 5 alpha-[3H]dihydrotestosterone-bound nuclei with pancreatic DNAase 1 to 5% acid-soluble resulted in a rapid release of the nuclear-bound 3H-labelled androgen and protein, in contrast to similar digestion with microsomal nuclease. Since a large portion of the translocation androgen-receptor is bound to protein(s) in the 0.35 M NaCl-soluble fraction, these results suggest that the component(s) in the 0.35 M NaCl-soluble fraction to which androgen-receptor binds is associated with actively transcribing sequences on chromatin. PMID- 7225393 TI - Polypeptide synthesis during protoplasmic incompatibility in the fungus Podospora anserina. AB - In Podospora anserina, self-lysis resulting from the combination of the R and V incompatibility genes is accompanied by the appearance, in lysing cells, of specific enzyme activities, among which is a laccase exoenzyme, and by a quenching of ribonucleic acid synthesis. Present results show that the occurrence of the laccase is the result of de novo synthesis. By means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis it was shown that the onset of self-lysis is accompanied by the immediate shut-off of more than 60% of the pre-existing normal polypeptide synthesis and the occurrence of at least 20 new polypeptides. The synthesis of these new polypeptides is active for several hours after the cessation of RNA synthesis, concurrently with the synthesis of about 30 normal polypeptides which is maintained. These modifications of protein synthesis are not accompanied by a concomitant variation in the level of polysomes. It is deduced that incompatibility genes are involved in the control of both transcription and translation. PMID- 7225394 TI - Assembly of secondary intermediates during deoxyribonucleic acid replication in transformed human fibroblasts. AB - The elongation of replicative DNA was studied in transformed WI-38 cells (designated 2RA). Shear effects were avoided by use of an alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation method whereby cells were lysed directly on top of gradients, at 4 degrees C in the dark. The earliest detected intermediate is a short (2 S) piece of DNA which is converted first to a 25 S piece and then to a 100 S piece, within 10 min. The 100 S piece is next converted to a 212 S, and a 370 S, and finally to a chromosomal DNA of about 450 S. This pattern is quite different from that previously reported by us for normal WI-38 cells, where there was a 50 S intermediate which was not quickly converted into a much larger size, but which gradually elongated, by addition of smaller pieces, to a larger size, of 100 S.; another difference was the time required for formation of the 100 S piece, i.e., 75 min (Rawles, J.W., Jr. and Collins, J.M. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 4762-4766). PMID- 7225395 TI - Nascent replicons are synchronously joined at the end of S phase or during G2 phase in peas. AB - In synchronized meristematic cells of Pisum sativum replicon-size DNA-fragments ((14--27) . 10(6) daltons) are not joined until the cells achieve a 4C DNA content. The combined use of a pulse-chase labeling protocol, single-cell autoradiography, cytophotometry, and velocity sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients showed that, unlike low molecular weight DNA (i.e., Okazaki fragments) which is ligated soon after replication starts, the joining of nascent replicon size DNA is delayed until G2. In addition, this observation argues for the existence of replicon termini, although the data are insufficient to determine the true nature of these termini, i.e., whether they are coded in the DNA itself or simply arise as a consequence of the convergence of two replicating forks. PMID- 7225396 TI - Methylation of reiterated sequences in mammalian DNAs. Effects of the tissue type, age, malignancy and hormonal induction. AB - The content of 5-methylcytosine in sequences of various repetition degree obtained from some mammalian (rat, mouse, cow) DNAs has been studied. The minimal 5-methylcytosine content - about 0.8 mol% - is characteristic of unique DNA sequences of all DNAs studied; the maximal 5-methylcytosine content, usually exceeding 2 mol%, is found in most highly repeated sequences. The 5 methylcytosine content in low repetitive (10--1000-fold) sequences, which are known to contain genes for rRNA, tRNA and histones, is markedly higher than in unique sequences. In total DNAs of vertebrates, as well as in mammalian DNA fractions, 5-methylcytosine occurs at almost the same frequency as does dinucleotide (5')-CG-(3'). This suggests that a greater part (if not all) of 5 methylcytosine in mammalian DNAs is a product of DNA methylases which recognize the (5')-CG-(3') DNA sequence. In cows the 5-methylcytosine content in reiterated DNA sequences decreases in thymus and heart with age and in lymphocytes on chronic lympholeukosis. The methylation degree of reiterated sequences increases in rat liver DNA after administration of hydrocortisone. On the contrary, in all cases the extent of methylation of unique sequences hardly ever changes, which seems to result from nearly complete methylation of cytosine residues in sequence (5')-CG-(3'). Specific changes observed in tissue on methylation of reiterated DNA sequences on aging, leukosis and hormone treatment support the idea that DNA methylation is associated with cellular differentiation or transformation and may be one of the possible mechanisms for regulation of transcription and replication in eukaryotes. PMID- 7225397 TI - Relationship between cellular replication and erythroid differentiation of murine leukemia cells. AB - Murine erythroleukemia cells, grown in culture and induced to differentiate by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), were employed to explore the relationship between cellular proliferation and maturation. The expression of an erythroid phenotype, as measured by the accumulation of hemoglobin, occurred over a narrow range of concentrations of inducers; the maximum degree of differentiation was attained at a level of inducing agent which caused slight inhibition of cell replication. Stationary phase cells with diminished capacity for DNA synthesis failed to differentiate in the presence of DMSO; whereas, in contrast, exponentially growing murine leukemia cells undergoing extensive DNA biosynthesis readily attained a differentiated phenotype. The induced synthesis of hemoglobin in Friend cells exposed to DMSO was inhibited by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, arabinosylcytosine and hydroxyurea, when cells were simultaneously exposed to DMSO and a metabolic inhibitor. However, addition of either 5-bromo-2' deoxyuridine, arabinosylcytosine or hydroxyurea to cultures pretreated with DMSO did not prevent the ultimate expression of the erythroid phenotype. These findings suggest that a process which is associated with cellular proliferation is required for the initiation of murine erythroleukemia cell maturation, but not for the ultimate accumulation of the erythroid marker hemoglobin in cells programmed to differentiate. PMID- 7225398 TI - Isolation and characterization of polysomes from thylakoid membranes of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. AB - Chloroplast polysomes that were originally bound to thylakoid membranes were isolated from the cell wall mutant CW-15 from Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Polysomes were isolated from synchronously grown cells harvested in the middle of the third light period, when the ratio of chloroplast to cytoplasmic polysomes was maximal. Thylakoid membranes were isolated from a chloroplast fraction and polysomes were released by Triton X-100. Analyses of subunits on sucrose gradients showed that the polysomes consisted predominantly of the 70 S-type ribosomes. The detached polysomes as well as polysomes still bound to the thylakoid membrane were active in in vitro protein synthesis when supplemented with Escherichia coli-soluble factors. The in vitro activity was inhibited by chloramphenicol and aurintricarboxylic acid, but not by cycloheximide. PMID- 7225399 TI - ATP requirement for in vitro DNA synthesis in permeable cells of Bacillus brevis. AB - DNA synthesis in permeable cells of Bacillus brevis is almost completely dependent on the presence of ATP. Nevertheless, DNA synthesis in this system reflects primarily DNA repair rather than replication, as shown by the response to replication inhibitors, density shift experiments, and product size analysis. The apparent dependence of DNA synthesis on ATP was due to the stabilization of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools against degradation. These observations indicate that dependence of DNA synthesis on ATP is not a sufficient criterion for semiconservative DNA replication. PMID- 7225400 TI - Triacylglycerol hydrolysis by cells isolated from lactating rat mammary gland. AB - The hydrolysis of exogenous trioleoylglycerol emulsions by suspensions of cells prepared from lactating rat mammary gland has been investigated. Cell integrity remains high throughout short (at least 30 min) incubations, during which extracellular hydrolysis of trioleoylglycerol proceeds at a mean rate (11 preparations) of 1.9 nmol oleate (and 0.6 nmol glycerol) released/min per mg protein. This hydrolysis shows partial dependence upon added serum and partial inhibition by protamine sulphate - both characteristic properties of lipoprotein lipase-catalyzed lipolysis. One of more monoacylglycerol hydrolase enzymes may also contribute to the measured lipolysis. Evidence is presented consistent with the hypothesis that a surface-located lipoprotein lipase is responsible for the observed lipolysis. Very little lipoprotein lipase activity is released from the cell surface by heparin. During trioleoylglycerol hydrolysis, non-esterified oleate does not accumulate in the cells or in the medium in quantities stoicheiometric with glycerol release. Analyses indicate that it passes into the cells without prior equilibration with the extracellular oleate pool(s). Once inside the cells, oleate is rapidly re-esterified into the triacylglycerol fraction. The possible relevance of these findings to the physiological mechanism of fatty acid uptake from triacylglycerol at the capillary endothelium is discussed. PMID- 7225401 TI - Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase by endogenous sterol synthesis in cultured intestinal mucosa. AB - In vitro regulation of the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) by compactin, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, and mevalonate was studied in rabbit ileum organ culture. Addition of compactin suppressed ileum homogenate reductase activity by over 80% at concentrations up to 0.5 microgram/ml. In contrast, compactin at the same concentrations added to the culture medium induced reductase activity up to 240% of controls. This increase was blocked by cycloheximide and mevalonolactone at 10 mM, but not by mevalonate (salt form) and cholesterol. Similarly, in contrast to ionized mevalonate, mevalonolactone significantly suppressed reductase activity of cultured intestine at 1 and 10 mM by 23 and 62%, respectively. A minor effect was also observed with preformed enzyme in fresh mucosal homogenate. When endogenous cholesterol synthesis was blocked by compactin, mucosal alkaline phosphatase activity decreased progressively, whereas medium activity from desquamated cells did not change. This distribution of the villous cell marker enzyme is characteristic of a decrease in crypt cell renewal and/or villous cell differentiation. This effect of compactin was also reversible with mevalonolactone. The reductase enzyme induced by compactin was probably latent intracellularly, since tissue cholesterol contents dropped sharply after blockade of endogenous sterol synthesis. PMID- 7225402 TI - Fetal lung metabolism. Response to maternal fasting. AB - 1. Fetal lung metabolic response to maternal fasting late in gestation was investigated. 2. Maternal fasting 4 days before term was associated with low fetal plasma glucose and insulin levels but increased levels of fetal plasma glucagon, glycerol, lactate and fatty acids. 3. Fetuses from fasted mothers showed a significant decrease in body weight (30%) and lung glycogen (46%), but no change in lung protein, phospholipid or total lung DNA, suggesting that lung size is affected more than maturation. 4. Fetal lung slices incubated in vitro showed that lactate oxidation to CO2 equalled that of glucose in control fetal lungs and was unaffected by maternal fasting, while glucose oxidation was depressed (23%). 5. Maternal fasting significantly decreased in vitro incorporation of [U-14C]-glucose, [U-14C]lactate and [1-14C]palmitate into lung phospholipids. 6. Fetal lungs from fasted mothers showed increased conversion of lactate to glucose, indicating gluconeogenic potential by fetal lung. 7. These studies show that plasma lactate serves as an important energy fuel and substrate for lipid synthesis for the fetal lung, and maternal fasting markedly alters fetal lung metabolism. PMID- 7225404 TI - Uneven distribution of palmitoyl carnitine in solutions because of migration to air/water interphase. AB - Standard solutions of palmitoyl carnitine could not be prepared in water because, even at below critical micelle concentrations, palmitoyl carnitine did not distribute uniformly in solutions. Evidence indicates that palmitoyl carnitine prefers to leave the bulk phase to segregate readily at the water/air and water/apolar interphases. Thus, in metabolic and kinetic studies, the actual concentration of long-chain acyl carnitines available for reactions at any instant can be drastically different from that calculated from the amounts added. PMID- 7225403 TI - 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the composition and fluidity of several chloroplast monogalactosyldiacylglycerols. AB - The motional properties of four monogalactosyldiacylglycerols isolated from photosynthetic membranes, and containing different fatty acid chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation, have been determined using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. These properties have been compared with those of a lipid containing only saturated fatty acids. The 13C longitudinal relaxation times (T1) of the carbon atoms of the acyl chains in [2H4] methanol were measured as an index of the rates of motion of the lipid molecules and used to compare the relative fluidity of the acyl chains. The T1 values of the glyceryl and galactosyl carbon atoms in each monogalactosyldiacylglycerol are essentially constant, when allowance is made for concentration differences and the presence of two hydrogens on a methylene carbon versus one on a methine carbon. These results indicate similar rates of motion for the headgroup carbons in each lipid. However, for the acyl chains, the T1 values increase with the introduction of a double bond and increase further with additional unsaturation. This increase in the rate of motion only occurs at carbon atoms beyond the first double bond in an acyl chain. These results differ to those reported for monolayer experiments where changes in packing characteristics are predominantly dependent on the introduction of the first double bond and then vary little between species. PMID- 7225405 TI - In vivo influx, tissue esterification and hydrolysis of free and esterified plasma cholesterol in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. AB - The influx of free and esterified cholesterol into various tissues of cholesterol fed rabbits is calculated from the tissue [3H] cholesterol and [14C] cholesterol content - corrected for radioactivity in contaminating plasma - after a 3--6 h exposure to in vivo-labeled plasma. The plasma free cholesterol was labeled primarily with 3H and the esterified cholesterol with 14C or vice versa. The influx calculation is based on total 3H and 14C in tissues and two linear equations that take into account esterification and hydrolysis of sterol fractions by the tissues. The influx of esterified cholesterol into tissue samples from aorta, heart, small intestine and lung was 10--80 nmol-g--1-h--1, whereas the influx into adrenal, spleen and liver was from 400--2500 nmol--g-1--h 1. The influx of free cholesterol was considerably higher than expected if free and esterified cholesterol had entered the tissues together as part of plasma lipoproteins. This excess of free cholesterol influx can be ascribed to cholesterol exchange between plasma lipoproteins and tissues, which in several tissues amounted to more than 80% of the total free cholesterol influx. From tissue free and esterified cholesterol radioactivity, one can calculate that 20- 70% of the newly entered esterified cholesterol was hydrolyzed by various tissues and that most tissues esterified less than 10% of newly entered cholesterol during the experimental period. However, esterification of plasma cholesterol by adrenals averaged 50% of that taken up during a 3-6 h period. PMID- 7225406 TI - A further examination of the active form of Crotalus adamanteus phospholipase A2. AB - The phospholipase A2 from Crotalus adamanteus venom has been shown to be active as the dimer or 30 000 molecular weight species, at concentrations used for enzyme assay (0.1--10 microgram/ml). Gel filtration of the enzyme in the presence of Ca2+ and monomeric concentrations of the substrate dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine showed that all the protein migrated as a 30 000 molecular weight species. Active enzyme sedimentation velocity experiments using the same conditions gave s020,W=2.85 +/- 0.05 S, which compares favorably with the value obtained at mg/ml concentrations (3.11 S). These results confirm the results of Shen et al. (Shen, B.W., Tsao, F.H.C, Law, J.H. and Kezdy, F.J. (1975) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 1205--1208). PMID- 7225407 TI - Hemoglobin bologna (alpha 2 beta 2 61 (E5) lys replaced by met). An abnormal human hemoglobin with low oxygen affinity. AB - An abnormal human hemoglobin was found in association with beta-thalassemia in a hemolysate from an 11-year-old healthy child living in Bologna (northern Italy). Structural studies demonstrated a previously unreported amino acid substitution, beta 61 (E5) Lys replaced by Met (this is an external residue). The new variant has been named Hb Bologna, and is characterized by a reduced oxygen affinity. Family studies indicated that the variant had been inherited from the father, a 41-year-old male of Southern Italian origin. Also, a brother of the propositus was found to be an abnormal Hb carrier. PMID- 7225409 TI - Evidence for alpha-1-acid glycoprotein populations of different pI values after concanavalin A affinity chromatography. Study of their evolution during inflammation in man. AB - Isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel was used to reveal the two alpha 1 acid glycoprotein populations separated by affinity chromatography on Con A Sepharose from human purified alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, whole normal serum and sera from patients undergoing an acute inflammatory process. The concanavalin A non-reactive peak had a lower isoelectric point than did the concanavalin A reactive peak. Moreover, crossed immunoaffinity electrophoresis with free concanavalin A revealed three alpha 1-acid glycoprotein populations (concanavalin A reactive, weakly and non-reactive). A significant difference was observed between the patterns of normal and of inflammatory sera, since the concanavalin A reactive fraction was enhanced during the inflammatory process. These results suggest a variation in relative ratios of the different types of peripheral oligosaccharide branches in the alpha 1-acid glycoprotein populations. PMID- 7225408 TI - Self assembly of mixtures of collagen alpha-chains. AB - As part of an effort to understand the mechanism of assembly of collagen polypeptide chains into triple-helical rod shaped molecules, we have assessed the role of the proportions of alpha 1 to alpha 2 chains in the starting solutions in determining the compositions of renatured collagen. Solutions of different ratios of alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains, one of which was labelled with [14C]- or [3H]glycine, were renatured to form triple-helical, rod-shaped molecules, then cross-linked intramolecularly with formaldehyde. Specific radioactivity measurement and chromatographic elution profiles demonstrated that the composition of the resultant molecules, (alpha 1)3, (alpha 1)2 alpha 2, alpha 1(alpha 2)2 and (alpha 2)3, depended on a relative proportions of alpha chains in the starting solution. PMID- 7225410 TI - Fatty acid synthetase complex from the insect Ceratitis capitata. Structural studies. AB - The involvement of lipids in the structure and the activity of the fatty acid synthetase from the insect Ceratitis capitata has been previously established. Lipid-protein interactions were examined by circular dichroism. A thermal transition for both the structure and the activity of the enzyme complex takes place at about 50 degrees C; as the temperature is raised alpha-helix content decreases considerably and, concomitantly, the enzyme undergoes a marked inactivation. After 180 min at 37 degrees C, the secondary structure of the enzyme complex is 20% alpha-helix, 33% beta structure and 47% of not ordered structure against 43%, 26% and 31% as respective percentages for the native form of the complex. Lipolytic digestion of the complex was carried out with either lipase or phospholipase A2 or a mixture of both enzymes. Any of the lipolytic treatments induces a decrease of [theta]220 and the simultaneous digestion with lipase plus phospholipase during 90 min account for a limit structure with 8% of alpha-helix. The secondary structure of the complex after treatment with proteolytic enzymes, trypsin or chymotrypsin, had 15% alpha-helix, 20% beta structure and 57% of not ordered structure. The preservation of the alpha-helix content indicates that lipids protect certain of the bonds cleavable in the absence of lipids. The structural organization of the complex was studied through sequences of lipolytic and proteolytic treatments; final organization was dependent on the initial lipolytic digestion in agreement with the peptide bond shielding by the lipid component. Nitration of the complex with tetranitromethane modified almost completely all tyrosine residues of the polypeptide chains. PMID- 7225411 TI - Structural and functional aspects of collar domains of Helix pomatia beta c hemocyanin. AB - Digestion of beta c-hemocyanin yielded tubular polymers as well as so-called collars. Analysis of the collar fraction revealed that it consisted of two fragments, one having a relative molecular mass of approx. 125000 and the other a relative molecular mass of approx. 65000. They were separated using ion-exchange chromatography. The large fragment dissociated around pH 9.5 into two components having a molecular mass of approx. 65000. Both fragments bound oxygen and displayed heterotropic interactions. The large fragment bound oxygen with a Hill coefficient less than unity under certain conditions. The fragments differed also in amino acid composition, sugar content, spectral parameters, association dissociation phenomena and ageing. by comparison with fragments obtained after limited proteolysis of tenth molecules, their location in the polypeptide chain was established. PMID- 7225412 TI - Purification, some properties and amino acid sequence of Thermus thermophilus HB8 ferredoxin. AB - A stable ferredoxin was purified in a crystalline form from an aerobic, thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB8. The molecular weight of the protein was determined to be 10500 by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-75 and to be 10200 by the sedimentation equilibrium method. The number of iron and acid labile sulfur atoms per mol was determined to be 6.3 and 6.4, respectively. The optical absorption spectrum of the ferredoxin has a broad maximum around 400 nm. The ferredoxin was so thermostable that its absorbance at 400 nm did not decrease after a 45-min incubation at 65 degrees C. The primary structure of the ferredoxin consisting of 78 amino acids was determined by sequence analysis of peptides obtained from a tryptic digest of the S-carboxymethylated ferredoxin and from a Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digest of the S-aminoethylated derivative. The distribution of cysteine residues and the amino acid sequence around the cysteine residues are very similar to those of Mycobacterium smegmatis ferredoxin. PMID- 7225413 TI - Properties of pancreatic zymogen granules studied by quasi-elastic light scattering. AB - Physico-chemical properties of isolated zymogen granules of the mouse pancreas were studied by means of quasi-elastic light scattering. The average diameter of the granules in 0.3 M sucrose was found to be 1.1 + or minus 0.1 micrometer from the correlation time of intensity fluctuation of the scattered light. The average diameter altered depending on the osmolality of the medium in a manner that the alteration was smaller than that expected from the van't Hoff relation. Aggregation of the granules induced by the increase of Ca2+ concentration or the decrease of pH in the medium was also detected. The aggregation started at a critical level of 1 mM CaCl2 or at pH 5.4. PMID- 7225414 TI - The reaction of halophenylhydrazines with oxygen in the presence of oxyhemoglobin and metal ions. AB - We have compared the rates of reaction of ortho and para substituted halophenylhydrazines with oxygen, and we have found that the reaction rates of these phenylhydrazines are accelerated by metal ions and oxyhemoglobin. Stimulation of the reaction rate by oxyhemoglobin was 20-times that by Fe3+ at the same concentration. In the presence of oxyhemoglobin, the initial decrease in the concentration of oxygen was followed by an increase. We propose that phenyldiazene produced from the oxidation of phenylhydrazine by oxyhemoglobin reduced oxygen to superoxide and caused the initial rapid decrease in oxygen concentration. The partial restoration of oxygen in the reaction mixture could be accounted for by the dismutation of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, and of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water. PMID- 7225416 TI - Characterization of the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes by 2 acetylaminofluorene. AB - Changes in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes after intraperitoneal treatment of rats with 2-acetylaminofluorene have been investigated. This treatment was found to increase microsomal epoxide hydrolase to 762%, cytochrome P-450 to 143%, NADPH cytochrome c reductase to 160%, cytochrome b5 to 171%, cytoplasmic DT-diaphorase to 229% and soluble glutathione S-transferase activities to 200-250% of control values. These increases were time- and dose-dependent, being maximal after injection of 50 mg 2-acetylaminofluorene/kg body wt. once daily for 5 days. Enzyme markers for the plasma membrane, mitochondria, lysosomes and the soluble cytoplasm were not affected by treatment with 2-acetylaminofluorene. The present study indicates that this induction is different from that obtained with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene and more closely resembles that seen with trans-stilbene oxide. PMID- 7225415 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate synthesis by fetal guinea-pig liver mitochondria. AB - Liver mitochondria isolated from fetal and newborn guinea pigs synthesized phosphoenolpyruvate at 4-6 nmol/min per mg protein with 2 mM malate, succinate, and alpha-ketoglutarate as substrates. These rates were 90-110% of that by adult liver mitochondria and were not substantially altered in the second half of gestation or within 24 h after birth. Both palmitoyl- and octanoylcarnitine were inhibitory to phosphoenolpyruvate synthesis in adult and fetal preparations, but free octanoate was inhibitory only in adult liver mitochondria. PMID- 7225417 TI - Hexosamine metabolism during spherule formation in Physarum polycephalum. AB - Hexosamine metabolism in relation to the spherule-wall synthesis in Physarum polycephalum was studied by the incorporation of labeled sugar into the wall and intermediary compounds in the biosynthesis of wall polysaccharide. The incorporation of [14C]galactosamine into the wall material occurred after a lag period of about 10 h in an induction medium. Nucleotides and sugar phosphates in the acid-soluble fraction of spherulating plasmodia were analyzed by column chromatography on Dowex 1-X8 (formate). The primary labeled products formed in the spherulating plasmodia after incubation with [14C]galactosamine were galactosamine 1-phosphate, UDP-galactosamine, N-acetylhexosamine 6-phosphate and UDP-N-acetylhexosamine. Spherulation was insensitive to polyoxin D, while it was completely blocked by cycloheximide. The activity of galactokinase and galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase increased 4--5-fold during the spherulation. PMID- 7225418 TI - Studies on ligand binding to sulphaemoglobin. AB - Equilibrium studies show that, at low protein concentrations, sulphaemoglobin, in the ferrous form, binds carbon monoxide at pH 6.0 in a non co-operative manner with a Hill coefficient of 1.15 and an affinity constant of 8 . 10(-7) M. At both pH 6.0 and pH 9.0 the kinetics of CO binding show the presence of a simple mono exponential process with a second-order rate constant of 8 . 10(3) M-1 . s-1. The rate of dissociation of CO from sulphaemoglobin is approx. 0.01 s-1. The activation energy of the binding process is calculated as 40 kJ . mol-1. A comparison is presented between the CO binding properties of sulphaemoglobin, myoglobin and haemoglobin and a mechanism whereby the CO binding parameters of sulphaemoglobin are modified is proposed. PMID- 7225419 TI - Phosphate ester groups in proteoglycans from bovine nasal cartilage. AB - 1. Proteoglycan subunits isolated by standard procedures from bovine nasal cartilage, previously incubated in the presence of [32P]phosphate contain [32] phosphate ester groups as a regular structural component. 2. Contamination of the proteoglycan subunit with 32P-labeled nucleic acids could be excluded by repeated cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation under associative and dissociative conditions, lanthanum chloride precipitation, gel filtration and by the resistance of the proteoglycan subunit associated 32P to phosphoric diester hydrolases. 3. The [32P]phosphate ester groups are associated to the chondroitin sulfate peptide fraction obtained by proteolytic digestion of the proteoglycan subunit molecule. Degradation of the chondroitin sulfate peptide by chondroitinase ABC resulted in a 32P-labelled oligosaccharide peptide fraction, that contains xylose, galactose, glucuronic acid and inorganic phosphate in a molar ratio 1 : 2 : 1 : 0.12. 4. 32P radioactivity is released as inorganic phosphate by treatment of the 32P-labelled oligosaccharide peptide with acid phosphatase or alkali. PMID- 7225420 TI - Liposome uptake by human leukocytes. Enhancement of entry mediated by human serum and aggregated immunoglobulins. AB - The entry of immunoglobulin-coated liposomes into human leukocytes bearing Fc receptors was evaluated using two methods: (i) the cellular association of liposomal markers (3H-labelled phosphatidylcholine, lipid phase; [14C]inulin, aqueous phase), and (ii) the ultrastructural cytochemistry of cells following incubation of cells with liposomes containing a cytochemical marker (horseradish peroxidase) in the aqueous spaces. The entry of liposomes into a cell population composed predominantly of neutrophils was linear for 10--15 min and was mediated by an active process that appeared to be both energy- and surface-dependent. This uptake could be largely inhibited by incubation at 0 degrees C, and by exposure to glutaraldehyde, iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide, and an excess of aggregated immunoglobulins. Entry into cells of multilamellar liposomes was saturable, displaying affinity constants of 1.1 and 1.7 mM. Ultrastructural analysis of the heterogeneous leukocyte population showed that monocytes took up liposomes more actively than neutrophils and lymphocytes. Moreover, liposomes were almost always found within the leukocytes, rather than adherent to the outer plasma membrane. The relative avidity of monocytes was confirmed by comparing the uptake of radiolabelled liposomes by a 'pure' neutrophil population, a 'mixed' neutrophil population, and a 'mononuclear cell' population. Precoating liposomes with high molecular weight aggregates of human immunoglobulin G resulted in enhanced serum independent uptake. The fraction of aggregated immunoglobulin G which was most effective in provoking uptake of coated liposomes also stimulated the greatest amount of lysosomal enzyme secretion. These data suggest that the interaction (precoating) of liposomes with either high molecular weight aggregates of immunoglobulin G or with serum enhances their subsequent uptake by human leukocytes. PMID- 7225421 TI - Thrombin affects fibronectin and procollagen in the pericellular matrix of cultured human fibroblasts. AB - We have studied the effects of human thrombin on the isolated pericellular matrix of cultured human lung fibroblasts. Cell-free matrices were prepared from confluent cultures of cells by extraction with sodium deoxycholate and hypotonic buffer after radiolabeling the cultures with [14C]glycine. After the extraction, only a few radiolabeled polypeptides were retained on the culture dishes. These were identified as fibronectin, procollagens, and as yet unidentified polypeptides with molecular weights of 180 000, 140 000, 66 000 and 43 000. The matrices were exposed to thrombin in serum-free medium and the changes in the matrix-associated proteins were studied in autoradiograms of polyacrylamide gels. As a result of the treatment, there was massive release of both fibronectin and procollagen from the matrices into the medium. In addition , thrombin cleaved the 66 000 dalton polypeptide to a 62 000 dalton form that remained in the matrix. Collagenase treatment did not bring about the release of fibronectin or affect the 66 000 dalton protein. Some procollagen was also cleaved by thrombin; when high concentrations of thrombin were used cleavage of fibronectin took place. These effects of thrombin may operate in wounded areas in vivo. PMID- 7225422 TI - Early events in guinea pig reticulocyte iron uptake. AB - Hemolysates, prepared from guinea pig reticulocytes incubated with 59Fe-labelled serum, can be resolved into five peaks utilizing molecular sieve chromatography: ferritin, transferrin, hemoglobin, an Mx 17 000 fraction, and a low molecular weight fraction. The hemoglobin peak also contains a nonhemoglobin component (III X), demonstrated by heme extraction and by isoelectric focusing. Transferrin, the III-X component and the low molecular weight fraction are the first to accumulate radioactive iron during the reticulocyte incubation. The 59Fe in each of these also chases. Therefore, a role for these components as precursors to iron incorporation into heme is suggested. PMID- 7225423 TI - Energy-dependent calcium sequestration activity in a Golgi apparatus fraction derived from lactating rat mammary glands. AB - A fraction isolated from lactating rat mammary glands was shown by marker enzyme assays to be rich in Golgi apparatus vesicles. This Golgi apparatus-rich fraction was shown to accumulate calcium in the presence of ATP but not in its absence. Other nucleoside triphosphates were only partially effective in promoting calcium transport. Mg2+ was required for the uptake which was also temperature and pH dependent. The uptake was sustained by the use of oxalate and phosphate as intravesicular trapping agents. In the presence of 10 mM oxalate the apparent Km for calcium uptake was 0.24 muM ionized calcium. The V was 4.45 nmol calcium/min per mg protein. Preloaded calcium could be rapidly released by the addition of the ionophore A23187 indicating an intravesicular location for the sequestered ion. Addition of ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid resulted in a slower release of preaccumulated calcium, indicating the existence of one or more efflux routes by which calcium leaves the vesicles in the presence of MgATP. Ruthenium red partially inhibited the uptake but lanthanum and particularly the sulphydryl inhibitor p-hydroxy-mercuribenzoate were much more effective. The properties of the calcium-sequestering system in the Golgi apparatus-rich fraction were similar to those reported for other non-muscular tissues and lend support to the hypothesis that calcium is secreted into milk via the Golgi apparatus of the mammary gland secretory gland. PMID- 7225424 TI - The myoplasmic fixed charges of the barnacle muscle fiber and the free Ca2+ concentration. AB - An experimental model was recently developed to measure the myoplasm density of fixed charges (Caille J.P. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 585, 300-313). The effect of ATP, Mg2+ and Ca2+ suggests that the myoplasmic thermodynamically effective charge density (phi X) decreases during muscular contraction. In order to determine if this reduction was due to either ATP, Mg2+ or Ca2+, the phi X dependence on those substances was studied. The results indicated that the addition of MgCl2 (2 mM) reduced phi X by 10 to 30% depending on the water content of the myoplasm. A reduction of phi X was also observed with the addition of (10(-4) M) Ca2+, but the presence of ATP was necessary for this reduction to occur. Finally when EGTA was added to the external solution in order to control the level of free Ca2+, an important reduction of phi X (40%) was observed for a pCa equal to 5.7 (water content 76.1 +/- 0.3 ml/100 g). These results allowed a correlation between the reduction of the myoplasmic fixed charges and the turning on of the contractile machinery. PMID- 7225425 TI - Elevated sialyltransferase activity in the intestinal lymph of colchicine-treated rats. AB - There is a marked increase in sialyltransferase activity (EC 2.4.99.1) in serum and a profound change in the endogenous acceptor property of sialyltransferase in the intestine of colchicine treated rats (Fraser, Ratnam, Collins and Mookerjea, (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6617-6625). To ascertain the contribution of intestine as a source of this elevated serum enzyme, sialyltransferase and other enzymes activities were measured in intestinal lymph before and after colchicine treatment. There was a 4-fold increase of the enzyme activity in lymph 3 h after treatment. The lymph flow rate, protein concentration and composition as measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were not affected. The kinetic properties of lymph sialyltransferase (protein and time dependence, pH optima and Km values for the substrate CMP-sialic acid) were essentially unchanged after treatment and were similar to the serum sialyltransferase. Alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase activities remained unchanged. Although intestinal lymph sialyltransferase was increased by colchicine, enterectomy did not prevent the rise of serum sialyltransferase suggesting that the intestine is not a major source of the serum enzyme. PMID- 7225426 TI - Biochemical changes in intervertebral disc degeneration. AB - The distribution of the principal matrix components, collagen, proteoglycans and water, across the diameter of human normal and degenerate intervertebral discs was compared. Little difference in collagen distribution was noted between normal and degenerate tissue but water and proteoglycan content decreased with degeneration, particularly in the centre of the disc. Proteoglycans of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of normal and degenerate intervertebral discs were examined. In comparison with monomers of normal tissues, degenerate disc proteoglycans were of larger average hydrodynamic size and had a higher glucosamine to galactosamine ratio. Proteoglycans were digested with chondroitinase ABC and passed over an HS-Sepharose 2B affinity column. A greater proportion of the keratan sulphate-protein cores from degenerate disc were capable of interaction with the immobilized hyaluronate. Loss of aggregating ability was associated with diminution in size of the core. It is suggested that a large proportion of proteoglycans from normal disc have undergone a degree of degradation in the hyaluronate binding region and that proteoglycan synthesis in this tissue is slower than in degenerate tissue. PMID- 7225427 TI - Regulatory states of adenylate cyclase in RL-PR-C cloned rat hepatocytes. AB - The adenylate cyclase of cloned differentiated rat hepatocytes (RL-PR-C) is regulated by cholera toxin, guanine nucleotides and fluoride. The activation of hepatic adenylate cyclase by cholera toxin was additive with that by GTP and synergistic with that by epinephrine. In contrast, when membranes were exposed to cholera toxin in the presence of Gpp(NH)p or fluoride, the response was the same as to these agents in the absence of cholera toxin. Cholera toxin-activated membranes were responsiveness only to epinephrine and GTP, while fluoride activated membranes responded somewhat to all other agents, and Gpp(NH)p activated membranes responded to no other agents. These data suggest that responsiveness of hepatic adenylate cyclase to cholera toxin, fluoride and Gpp(NH)p cannot be expressed simultaneously. A model is presented to explain these observations which invokes multiple states of adenylate cyclase, each being sensitive to, or brought about by, a different regulatory agent. PMID- 7225428 TI - Endogenous and cholera toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of a plasma membrane protein by RL-PR-C cloned rat hepatocytes. AB - Cholera toxin catalyzed the ADP-ribosylation of a single plasma membrane protein (Mr 55 000) of both RL-PR-C rat hepatocytes and purified rat liver plasma membranes. Labeling of this protein from nicotinamide [2,8-3H]adenine dinucleotide was competitively inhibited by free arginine, but by no other amino acid tested, including lysine. The same protein was ADP-ribosylated from NAD+ endogenously, i.e., in the absence of toxin. This process was, however, not competitively inhibited by added arginine nor by any other amino acid tested lysine. Free ADP-ribose, even in 50-fold molar excess over the nicotinamide [2,8 3H]adenine dinucleotide substrate, did not reduce (by isotope dilution) the endogenous or cholera toxin-catalyzed labeling of the 55 000 dalton membrane protein. It is likely, therefore, that hepatocyte plasma membranes contain an ADP ribosyltransferase, with a mechanism similar to that of the A subunit of cholera toxin, in that both transfer ADP-ribose to the same membrane protein and in that neither apparently produce free ADP-ribose as an intermediate. It is also clear that the acceptor residue in the 55 000 dalton protein is different for each process. Cholera toxin-catalyzed and endogenous transfer of ADP-ribose to the hepatocyte plasma membrane protein, in contrast to a pigeon erythrocyte system, required no cytosolic factors. The results indicate that ADP-ribosylation in cloned differentiated rat hepatocytes differs from that in pigeon erythrocytes in that the acceptor protein is larger (55 000 compared to 42 000 daltons), cytosolic factors are not required and transfer of ADP-ribose to the acceptor protein occurs endogenously. PMID- 7225429 TI - The chemical structure of a tetrasaccharide containing N-acetylglucosamine obtained from bovine colostrum kappa-casein. AB - A tetrasaccharide consisting of D-galactose, N-acetylneuraminic acid, N acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosaminitol (1 : 1 : 1: 1) was obtained from bovine colostrum kappa-casein. It is the main carbohydrate portion of a caseinoglycopeptide formed by alkaline borohydride treatment. The carbohydrate sequence was analyzed by enzymatic and chemical methods and by mass spectrometry, and was shown to be N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1-3-galactosyl-beta-1-3[N acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2-6- ]-N-acetylgalactosaminitol. PMID- 7225430 TI - The side-chain epoxidation and hydroxylation of the hepatocarcinogens safrole and estragole and some related compounds by rat and mouse liver microsomes. AB - Safrole, estragole, and their 2',3'-oxides were hydroxylated by hepatic microsomes from rats and mice at the 1'-carbon; trans-anethole was hydroxylated at the 3'-carbon; and safrole, estragole, and their 1'-hydroxy derivatives were epoxidized at the 2',3'-double bond. The 2',3'-epoxidation of eugenol was just detectable. The formation of these metabolites was dependent on an NADPH generating system and on cytochrome P-450. In the absence of 3,3,3 trichloropropylene oxide little or no safrole-, estragole-, or eugenol-2',3' oxide was recovered when these oxides were added to the incubations; recoveries of 50-70% were obtained in its presence. The recoveries of the 2',3'-oxides of 1' hydroxy-safrole and of 1'-hydroxyestragole were 50-80% in the absence of trichloropropylene oxide and nearly quantitative in its presence. All incubations for analysis of epoxidation rates contained trichloropropylene oxide. The rates of metabolite formation ranged from about 0.4 nmol of eugenol-2',3'-oxide/mg protein/h by female rat liver microsomes to about 270 nmol of trans-3' hydroxyanethole/mg protein/h for male rat liver microsomes. The rates of epoxidation and hydroxylation were greater for the estragole derivatives than for the safrole derivatives. The rates of epoxidation of safrole and estragole were greater than for their 1'-hydroxy derivatives. PMID- 7225431 TI - Binding of dexamethasone and inhibition of transport of 3-O-methylglucose in rat thymocytes. AB - The effect of temperature (21-37 degrees C) on binding of [3H]dexamethasone in intact rat thymocytes was investigated. Receptor binding was correlated with inhibition by dexamethasone of in vitro transport of 3-O-[14C]methyl-D-glucose at 37 degrees C. Receptor binding of dexamethasone was dependent on temperature. The number of receptors per cell was about 3000 at all temperatures studied. However, an increase of temperature from 21 to 37 degrees C changed the rate constant of dissociation from 6.0 . 10(-3) min-1 to 55.0 . 10(-3) min-1, and the dissociation constant from 1.1 to 5.9 nM. The effect of dexamethasone (0.8-790 nM) on transport of 3-O-[14C]-methyl-D-glucose (10-50 muM) was investigated during the initial 30 s of uptake at 37 degrees C. A dose-dependent inhibition of transport was found at 60 and 120 min after the addition of hormone. Correlation between effect and receptor occupancy was linear. Maximal inhibition was achieved at concentrations of dexamethasone resulting in 95-97% receptor occupancy, and 50% of the maximal effect was obtained at a concentration of dexamethasone corresponding to 50% receptor occupancy. Inhibition of transport differed in latency between cell preparations. However, this could not be ascribed to change of either amount of affinity of dexamethasone receptors. PMID- 7225432 TI - Evidence that the decreased liver folate status following vitamin B-12 inactivation in the mouse is due to increased loss rather than impaired uptake. AB - Using N2O to inactivated B-12, mouse liver polyglutamate distribution has been examined at short time intervals after injection of [3H]pteroyglutamate. An increased monoglutamate pool is found initially which is lost by 24 h. This finding strongly supports the suggestion that the reduction in total liver folate in vitamin B12 deficiency is due to increased loss rather than decreased uptake. PMID- 7225433 TI - [Relationship between photoinduced changes in the intercellular concentration of potassium ions and transretinal potential generation by the Muller cells of the retina]. AB - In isolated frog retina after treatment with aspartate the photoinduced change of the extracellular potassium ions concentration [K+]0) was compared with slow PIII potential (sPIII). The time course of [K+]0 change in the outer nuclear layer was like that in sPIII one. Both the size of [K+]0 change and the sPIII amplitude were increased almost in proportion to the Log light stimulus duration in the whole range of durations used (from 13 ms to 13 s). Such similarity between these two processes suggests that there is a direct relationship between sPIII and [K+]0 change. On the basis of our data the electrical model of sPIII generation by Muller cells in response to photoinduced [K+]0 change in the photoreceptor layer is proposed. PMID- 7225435 TI - [Comparison of the stroboscopic effect in humans and fish]. PMID- 7225434 TI - [Optimization of human movements using computers]. PMID- 7225436 TI - [Process of water crystallization in plant tissues]. AB - Results of microcalorimetric studies of water crystallization in some plant tissues are presented. It was shown that in each tissue water is crystallized in a specific temperature region and the process is independent of water crystallization in other tissues. Besides this water fraction, there exists another one in the tissues which is united in a single system. The latter is crystallized simultaneously throughout the preparation. It is suggested that this water fraction is located in the tissues intercells. Results of secondary water crystallization in plant tissues are presented. It is shown that after freezing and thawing the core cells are damaged more strongly. PMID- 7225437 TI - [Model of metabolic regulation in a system of 2 competitive populations and a possible mechanism for maintaining species differences among phytoplankton]. PMID- 7225438 TI - [Participation of its reaction center in the electrochemical reduction of ferredoxin]. AB - In the experiments with reaction center modification of ferredoxin its participation in reduction has been shown. Polarographic characteristics of ferredoxin and apoferredoxin have been compared. While removing iron and labile sulphur from ferredoxin reaction center the reduction wave of Fe-S bonds with E 1/2 = -0.33 V (N. H. E.) transforms into the reduction wave of S-S bonds with E 1/2 = -0,39 V at pH = 7. PMID- 7225441 TI - [Ion permeability of cerebroside and sphingomyelin bilayer membranes]. AB - Ionic conductivity of bilayer membranes formed of cerebrosides and sphingomeylins isolated from bovine brains and its dependence on medium pH were studied. It was found that conductivity of the membranes from cerebrosides in KC1, CaCl2 solutions is 2-3 orders, and from sphingomyelin 1-2 orders higher than that of bilayers from lecithin and phospholipids. Both in cerebroside and sphingomyelin membranes the conductivity depended on medium pH, unlike the bilayer membranes of the brain and liver phospholipids. PMID- 7225439 TI - [Bacterial luciferase in reactions with catalytically reduced flavin mononucleotide]. PMID- 7225440 TI - [Possible artefacts in working with pG electrodes in aqueous solutions of Ca2+ binding systems]. PMID- 7225442 TI - [Irreversible damage of lipid bilayer membranes in a state of electrical breakdown]. PMID- 7225443 TI - [Liposome fusion with planar lipid membranes]. AB - Potentiodynamic method was used for investigating bilayer lipid membrane (BLM)- liposomes (LS) interaction. BLM was formed from egg lecithin and its mixture with phosphatidylserine (PS); LS-from PS. It is shown that in the presence of calcium in the aqueous phase (1-10 mM) and charged phospholipids in both LS and BLM, fusion of LS with BLM is observed. The fusion event was registered by measuring the increase of negative charge density on BLM surface opposite to that facing the LS. PMID- 7225444 TI - [Study of the mechanisms of action of lipid peroxidation products on the permeability of bilayer lipid membranes]. AB - It has been shown that introduction of the fraction of phosphatydylethanolamine enriched with primary products of peroxidation-hydroperoxides-into bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) results in the rise of permeability of BLM towards H+ and K+ ions. The effect depends on the background permeability of the membrane and on the introduction method of the fraction enriched with hydroperoxides (FEHP) into monolayer or into both layers of BLM. Absence of the effect while including hydroperoxides into the membrane monolayer with low background conductivity and growth of BLM conductivity when introducing FEHP into both monolayers of the membrane permits a substantiation of the "Cluster" mechanisms of the membrane permeability increase with the accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides. PMID- 7225445 TI - [Membrane organization in the plane of the membrane and cell shape. Biological consequences of the theory]. AB - The second part of the work deals with the solution of the equation system derived in the previous paper. This equation system describes the ratio between the shape of the membrane and its chemical composition. The energy of membrane particle was calculated. The forces were found transferring such particles in lateral direction, if the curvature of the membrane changes from one point to another. The shape of the membrane was calculated with the presence of clusters on it, the mechanical properties of which differ from the other part of the membrane. A detailed discussion was carried out about the relation between the composition and shape of the membrane and about the initiation of the membrane lateral organization. A great number of experimental data found in literature is analysed in terms of the theory presented. PMID- 7225446 TI - [Oscillations and resonance phenomena in the simple, open enzymatic reaction--S-E P-- reacting with an enzyme-forming system]. AB - Resonance phenomena in a simple open biochemical reaction were studied under conditions of a continuous enzyme flow through the reaction maintained by the enzyme-producing system (EPS). Periodical disturbance of the rate of substrate influx may bring about a resonance effect in the reaction, the amplitude of forced sustained oscillations being maximal at a frequency close to that of the system itself. Additional resonance effects may appear due to nonlinearity of the system at frequencies multiple (or close to multiple) of the own frequency, as well as at subfrequencies. Near own frequency and its double value, hysteresis may occur, in which case the amplitude of forced sustained oscillations will alternate between two possible values. PMID- 7225447 TI - [Gamma-resonance spectrometry study of the nonequilibrium states of hemoglobin]. AB - Reduction of frozen water-glycerol solutions of methemoglobin by thermolysed electrons at 77 degrees K has been studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy. The formation of nonequilibrium hemoglobin states with two slightly different low spin ferroforms was observed. The latter is explained by the presence of two ferroforms in initial methemoglobin. There was observed relaxation of the conformation - nonequilibrium states up to equilibrium hemoglobin with high-spin Fe(II) at the sample disfreezing. PMID- 7225448 TI - [Theoretical prediction of the end of the spatial packing of the polypeptide chains of histones H2A and H2B]. PMID- 7225449 TI - [Certain physical parameters of cerebroside and phospholipid-cerebroside membranes]. AB - Study of some electric properties of bilayer membranes made of cerebrosides and phospholipid-cerebroside mixture has shown that the capacity of cerebroside film is lower than that of lecithin-cerebroside and phospholipid-cerebroside ones (0.22 +/- 0.01 mkf/cm2 and 0.28 +/- 0.01 mkf/cm2 respectively). The membranes had small cation selectivity. It is stated that conductivity of cations of mixed phospholipid-cerebroside membrane is two orders, and of cerebroside three orders higher than that of phospholipid bilayers. Conductivity of the films under study depends on the medium pH. By means of fluorescent probes cerebrosides were found capable of changing the conformation of phospholipid membranes. PMID- 7225451 TI - [Kinetics of lens formation on phospholipid membranes]. AB - Kinetics of lens formation on phospholipid membranes of different thickness (50-5 nM) has been investigated. It has been shown that lenses on the "gray" membranes (approximately 50 nM) are stabilized when alternating voltage (100-500 mV) of high frequency is applied. Semiempiric equation is used for the description of the spreading of lenses. Addition of florizin to the adjacent water solutions leads to an appearance of the slow relaxation component of the lens base radius. The results obtained show that the swimming lens method may be utilized for the investigation of the slow interaction processes between the membrane and their modifiers. PMID- 7225450 TI - [Electron transport in the chlorophyll aggregate oxidation reaction]. AB - Flash photolysis study was carried out of electron transfer during rho benzoquinone-photooxidation of monomeric and aggregated molecules of chlorophyll "a" in aqueous solutions of serum albumin and triton X-100. It has been found that in the presence of rho-benzoquinone oxidation of monomeres and aggregates of chlorophyll takes place; it results in the formation of the pigment cation radicals. The kinetic analysis of the pattern of electron transfer during aggregates photooxidation enables a conclusion that oxidation proceeds only via the triplet state of the pigment molecules. Study of the transformation of cation radicals of monomeres and aggregates showed a difference in the death of radicals. For chlorophyll monomeres the death of cation-radicals is described by the 2nd order equation and is conditioned by the recombination of ion-radicals of the pigment and acceptor. The death of aggregate cation-radicals proceeds according to the 1st order reaction. The results obtained point to possible participation of chlorophyll triplet state in primary photochemical reactions of photosynthesis. PMID- 7225452 TI - [Calculation of ion adsorption isotherms of bilayer lipid membranes while compensating for the inner field]. PMID- 7225453 TI - [Effectiveness of excitation energy migration in the phycobilisomes of red marine macroalgae]. AB - Phycobilisomes (PBS) were isolated from talloms of sea red macroalgae: annual Gloiopeltis furcata from illuminated and shaded shoal and perennial Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis. The spectral changes have shown that R-phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, allophycocyanin B were contained in PBS of the algae under study. The efficiency of energy migration to the ultimate acceptor allophycocyanin B is twice as low in Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis (0.41) as in that of Gloiopeltis furcata, which may be due to the difference in the tallom age. Greater efficiency of excitation energy transfer from phycoerythrin to phycocyanin (0.93), from phycocyanin to allophycocyanin (0.98), from the latter to allophycocyanin B (0.96), as well as from phycoerythrin to allophycocyanin B (0.89) in PBS of shaded G. furcata combined with a relatively higher content of R phycoerythrin, seems to be the result of algae adaptation to low illumination conditions. PMID- 7225455 TI - [Modification of the luciferrin-luciferase method of determining ATP concentration in erythrocytes]. AB - Modification of luciferine-luciferase method of determining ATP concentration in erythrocytes is proposed which takes 1.5-2 min from the moment of sample selection to obtaining the result. The method is based on the phenomenon that inhibition of luciferase reaction by an increase of ionic strength (above 200 m ekv) results in the reaction change. Luminescence intensity rapidly reaches some level slightly changing in time. Successive repeated additions of ATP increase this level in proportion which makes possible to introduce the calibrating ATP solution into the sample under measurement after the intensity has reached the constant value. The method allows measurings of ATP concentration in aqueous hemolysates of erythrocytes or integral blood without protein precipitation. PMID- 7225454 TI - [Inhibitory effect of blue and ultraviolet light on photoinduced changes in the pH of a suspension of Halobacterium halobium cells]. AB - It was found that when switching on blue and UV light with the green one at the background decreased the acidification of Halobacterium suspension sensitized with bacterirhodopsin. Three facts are responsible for the acidification decrease. 1. At high intensity of the background green light (above 10(2)/Wt/m2) the effect predominates, which is conditioned by the action of blue light on the intermediate of the photochemical cycle of bacteriorhodopsin P419 (M412). Phototransformation of the latter prevents the transmembrane transfer of H+. 2. At high intensities of shortwave light (10(3)Wt/m2) alkalization of the suspension sensitized with unidentified pigment is observed. 3. At low intensities of blue and UV light (10 Wt/m2) the effect with the maximum in the action spectrum at 390 nm predominates. It is increased after preillumination of Halobacteria with green light and after short-term incubation (to 1-2 hours at 20 degrees C) of the cells with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. It is inhibited with dinitrophenol. The effect is suggested to result from the photo-induced increase of cell membrane permeability for H+. Judging by the action spectrum it may be involved in the phototaxis of Halobacteria. PMID- 7225456 TI - [Quasielectrostatic manipulation of a single neuron: trace phenomena and comparison with intracellular excitation]. AB - The investigation of quasielectrostatic impact (QESI) on the electrical activity of an isolated neuron of the mollusc brain was continued under conditions of continuous (20 min to 2 hours) and repeated applications. It was shown that the repeated application of QESI changes the level of electrical activity of the neurons. For different cells the repeated application of QESI produces an increase as well as a decrease of the neurons activity, while the thresholds of the frequency modulation of the spontaneously active and the excitation of the "silent" cells become lower. These changes remain valid after QESI is stopped. The trace events shown on the level of an isolated neuron prove the importance of the properties of a single cell, rather than the intercellular interactions. The transmembrane current thresholds for FM of activity of the cells produced by QESI was compared with the currents for intracellular stimulation. It was shown that the QESI thresholds are lower being different cells (2 divided by 12) times less. The specificity of QESI important for explanation of ephatic connection mechanism is discussed. PMID- 7225457 TI - [Analysis of electroencephalogram formation in terms of the XX "EEG-quantum" concept]. AB - Mechanism of EEG formation was studied in terms of "EEG quantum". The "quantum" approach gives the same results as that based on the cell dipole concept. EEG is created by partially correlated activity of vertically oriented pyramide neurons of the cortex; the value of correlation coefficient between EEG of two points of the cortex and its dependence on interelectrode distance are determined by an increased level of intercellular correlation in the cortex microvolumes by the value of intercellular correlation drop on the borders of these microvolumes and by the dimensions of these microvolumes. The advantage of the "quantum" approach lies in the fact that final expressions include the mean values of correlation coefficients between impulse currents generated by the cortical cells, i. e. the parameters which can be measured experimentally. PMID- 7225458 TI - The measure of synergy in enzymatic regulation. A general coefficient. AB - Synergism or antagonism are concepts commonly used in the study of the regulation of enzyme activity. The coefficients which have been proposed to evaluate this synergism or antagonism are discussed. Only the coefficient defined by Silonova et al. [6] appears to be generally applicable. Its very significance is analyzed. A slight modification of this coefficient is proposed. PMID- 7225459 TI - Rigidity of the polypeptide backbone in the triple-stranded collagen molecule. AB - Conformational energy computations were carried out on collagen-like triple stranded conformations of several polytripeptides with the structure CH3CO(GXY)3NHCH3, where X and Y can be Pro, Ala, or Gly. The computed minimum energy conformations for various sequences are compared with that computed earlier for poly(Gly-Pro-Pro). Usually, substitution of Ala or Gly residues for Pro does not cause any strain or distortion of the conformation of the triple stranded complex. Thus, the structure is a very stable and essentially rigid one. Unfavorable interactions were found only in the case of CH3CO(Gly-Ala-Pro)NHCH3. These interactions are a consequence of differences between the residue geometry of Ala and Pro. They result in small changes of some backbone dihedral angles and in an increase of intra- and interchain energies. The presence of a single Gly Ala-Pro tripeptide within a sequence of Gly-Pro-Pro tripeptides is not sufficient, however, to cause even a small distoration of the triple strand. No deviation of the peptide groups from planarity is required to stabilize the triple-stranded structure. PMID- 7225460 TI - Structural and functional consequences of subunit interactions in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - A variety of species of GPDH undergo acylation at two of the four active cystein sites per mole of tetrameric enzyme. This reaction requires tightly bound NAD+, a situation restricted to two of the four NAD sites per tetramer. S leads to N acyl transfer from cysteins to lysine in the diacyl enzyme yields an inactive enzyme. The thiol ester bond of acyl enzyme is activated by NAD+ and NADH for the group transfer and reduction reactions, respectively. In furyl acryloyl-GPDH this activation is accompanied by large acyl-spectral shifts, a "blue shift" with NADH and a "red shift" with NAD+. The group transfer reaction as well as spectral shifts show biphasic kinetics. The amplitude of the fast phase of NAD+-induced spectral change in apo-enzyme is equal to that of the fast phase in phosphorolysis (or arsenolysis) at low [NAD+]. The kinetic pattern of spectral shifts by NAD+ and NADH are complementary; the amplitude of the fast phase in one is equal to that of the slow phase in the other. It has been proposed that the acyl enzyme exists in two conformational states. The relative proportion of these states varies with the extent of covalent (acyl group) or non-covalent (NAD+ or NADH) ligation in a manner consistent with the allosteric model of Monod, Wyman and Changeux. These conclusions apply equally to the true substrate acyl enzyme. With 1,3-diphosphoglycerate, a tetra-acylated enzyme is obtained. Two of these four acyl groups react very much faster than the remaining two. A comparison of their specific rates with the steady state turnover numbers indicates that only the less reactive two acyl groups govern the turnover number of the enzyme. PMID- 7225461 TI - Kinetic behaviour and oligomeric state of 3-phosphoglyceroyl-D-glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The specific activity of pig muscle D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was found to be constant in the reverse reaction, with NADH and 1,3 diphosphoglycerate as substrates, over the enzyme concentration range 10(-8) to 10(-4) M. The molecular weight of the covalent intermediate of the enzyme, 3 phosphoglyceroyl-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, as measured by sedimentation techniques, proved constant (145 000 +/- 6 000) between 3 x 10(-5) M enzyme concentration. Likewise, no change in the apparent molecular weight was observed by gel-chromatography even at 2 x 10(-8) M enzyme concentration. The data indicate that the enzyme functions in its tetrameric form. PMID- 7225462 TI - Cell surface receptors for wheat germ agglutinin and limulin in baby hamster kidney cells and ricin resistant variants. AB - The cell surface glycoconjugates of Baby Hamster Kidney cells and of four ricin resistant variants were investigated by the use of 125I-substituted ricin (Ricinus communis toxin) which binds galactose residues, and by the use of fluorescein labelled lectins which bind N-acetylneuraminic acid and/or N acetylglucosamine: Limulin (Limulus polyphemus agglutinin), wheat germ agglutinin (Triticum vulgare agglutinin) and succinylated wheat germ agglutinin. Striking differences in the number of lectin and/or ricin receptors were found between the cell surface of wild type cells and that of ricin resistant variants. The results are discussed on the basis of the main glycopeptide structure, and of the specificity of the sugar binding proteins used. The ricin resistance of variant cells is concomitant to modifications of the concentration of certain glycoconjugate structures which are accessible to the sugar binding proteins. Depending on the variants, N-asparaginyl glycopeptide types and/or O-glycosidic glycopeptide types are affected. PMID- 7225463 TI - Does quantitative tRNA adaptation to codon content in mRNA optimize the ribosomal translation efficiency? Proposal for a translation system model. AB - Neither a dynamic nor an energetic approach of the translation process has taken into account that intracellular levels of iso-tRNA species are adapted or adjusted to the codon frequency of mRNA being decoded (Bombyx mori silk gland, rabbit reticulocyte). A critical study of available experimental data suggests that the average elongation rate of a protein is maximized in the presence of an adapted tRNA population, usually an homologous tRNA. In addition, the amount of synthesized protein parallels that of corresponding mRNA. Other evidences- including in vitro and in vivo elongation assays with fibroin mRNA--show that individual elongation rates are not uniform. Pauses occur at certain sites of the mRNA chain. The relative lifetime of these pauses depends on the tRNA pool used. Finally, it appears that translation accuracy also depends on the balanced tRNA population. We propose to explain these different effects by using a codon anticodon recognition model, called "trial and error system" based on a stochastic processing of the ribosome. Accordingly, various acylated tRNA species which surround a ribosome randomly encounter the receptor A site. Every trapped tRNA species is tested for a proper pairing with the codon to be recognized at the level of a comparator or discriminator function. If the pairing is correct, transpeptidation becomes irreversible. If not, the aminoacyl-tRNA is rejected and another randomly trapped tRNA is processed in turn. Mathematical analysis of this model shows that the mean number of trials used for translating the whole sequence of a mRNA is minimized when the proportion of different iso-tRNA species is correlated with the square root of codon frequency. Quantitations of reticulocyte tRNA support such a parabolic relation. Our translation system model brings some light into the role of tRNA adaptation for optimizing translation efficiency, i.e. maximizing both speed and accuracy. Some consequences of the model are discussed. PMID- 7225464 TI - Chemical cleavage of bovine rhodopsin at tryptophanyl bonds; characterization of the polypeptide fragments and the phosphorylated site. AB - Bovine rhodopsin from retinal rod photoreceptors, a protein of 39,000 molecular weight, was cleaved by BNPS-Skatole at the level of tryptophanyl bonds. This hydrolysis yields five fragments S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 (molecular weights: 35,000, 28,000, 19,500, and 15,500 and 12,000, respectively) and four peptides. Large fragments were purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS. S2, S3 and S4 contain the glycanes of native rhodopsin and their N-termini are blocked. S5 has the same C-terminal extremity as rhodopsin and contains the phosphorylated site. Phosphate groups are incorporated in this fragment on serines and threonines. PMID- 7225465 TI - Solubilization and reconstitution of the adenosine 5'-triphosphate dependent noradrenaline uptake system of bovine chromaffin granule membrane. AB - The ATP-dependent catecholamine uptake system of chromaffin granule membrane has been solubilized and reconstituted in phospholipidic vesicles. The activity of the vesicles implies that both the ATP-dependent H+-translocase and the noradrenaline carrier have been successfully reconstituted. The membrane was solubilized by sodium cholate in presence of asolectin and the asolectin to cholate ratio appeared to be critical. Omission of asolectin resulted in reconstitution of vesicles with an active H+-pump and an inactive transport system. The detergent was removed from the solubilized membranes by filtration on Sephadex G-50 and it has been verified that the residual detergent of the reconstituted preparation was below the concentration inhibitory to the ghost H+ pump. The pH-dependence, Km for ATP and Km for noradrenaline of the reconstituted vesicles were similar to those of the ghosts, but their specific activity and reserpine-resistance were somehow variable. Vesicle activity was limited by transporter reconstitution, thus suggesting that reconstitution of the complete system might be used as an assay for the transporter. The noradrenaline carrier is not physically linked to dopamine beta-hydroxylase and bears no wheat germ agglutinin binding sites. PMID- 7225466 TI - Horse pancreatic lipase. Interaction with colipase from various species. AB - Horse pancreatic lipase has been purified from tissue homogenates. Molecular and catalytic properties of horse lipase are comparable to those of the pancreatic lipases previously isolated. Kinetic studies of the inhibition of horse lipase activity by bile salts and of reactivation by pure colipase from three species (horse, ox and pig) allowed to calculate the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of the lipase-colipase complex in the presence of the substrate (triolein). Identical values of Kd were found in all three cases (Kd = 1.1 10(-9) M). These values are lower by several orders of magnitude than that published for the binding between lipase and colipase in the absence of substrate. Qualitative experiments show that the activation of horse lipase can be accomplished by rat, dog and chicken colipase as well. The interaction between lipase and colipase is enhanced when the complex is adsorbed at the lipid-water interface. This specific protein-protein interaction is preserved in heterologous mixtures using colipases from other animal species. PMID- 7225468 TI - Pattern of blood circulation in the brain during rest and functional tests by Salyut-4 space crewmen. AB - Changes in the rheoencephalogram (REG) obtained for cosmonauts on the first and second expeditions during their time aboard the orbiting station, Salyut-4, are described. REGs were recorded by a small apparatus, Levkoi-3, with subsequent transmittal of the information to Earth stations. It was established that during flight under conditions of negative pressure on the lower half of the body (NPLHB), there was a decrease, in all cases, in pulse filling of brain blood vessels and an improvement in venous outflow from the cranial cavity. This indicates the efficiency of the compensation-adaptation reaction of the system studied to the state of weightlessness and the positive effect of prophylactic measures taken during flight. REG changes in indices affected by negative pressure were mainly such as were observed in preflight investigations, but there were individual differences. It was discovered that in all cosmonauts during performance of functional tests on a veloergometer, there was a significant increase in indices of pulse filling of brain blood vessels in response to muscle load in comparison with preflight studies. Normalization of basic REG indices took 3-7 min after the work was concluded. Planimetric analysis with REGs registered under conditions of long flight disclosed a variety of reactions of different sections of the vascular channels in the brain. Data obtained indicated the value of the REG method for making observations on crew members of space ships during orbital flights. PMID- 7225469 TI - Use of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in the determination of protein amino groups on the external surface of rat erythrocyte membranes. AB - Description is provided of conditions selected for the study of protein amino groups (AG) on the external surface of rat erythrocyte membranes (EM) by means of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). The number of protein AG reacting with TNBS was influenced by the season of the year, the physiologic state of the donor animal, and other factors known to alter EM. It appears that structural perturbations introduced by these factors into EM are responsible for alterations in the accessibility of the protein AG to TNBS. PMID- 7225467 TI - [Kinetic parameters of a soluble purified intestinal fucosyl-transferase]. AB - The soluble fucosyl-transferase of the rat small intestinal mucosa was purified by passing through a Sephadex G-100 column, then resolved in two isoenzymes F1 (pHi = 4,47) and F2 (pHi = 4,96) by isoelectric focusing. The use in the first step of DEAE-cellulose instead of Sephadex G-100 leads to another component F3 (pHi = 8,70). Kinetic parameters (KM et Vm) for the three isoenzymes are given. The enzymatic mechanism seems to be a bi-bi random type for the three isoenzymes, and F3 appears as the most active species. PMID- 7225470 TI - Possible mechanisms of the histochemical changes in the eccrine sweat glands during stress. AB - In order to determine the relative role of neural factors in the regulation of the activity of the eccrine glands of rats during stress, the cytological and cytochemical criteria of their activity that we used earlier (glycogen, isoelectric point of the mitochondria, ratio of light and dark secretory cells) were applied to the eccrine glands of rats with chemical sympathectomy, induced for four-week administration of guanethidine. The level of sweat secretion and the histochemistry of monamine oxidase and cholinesterases were also investigated. It is found that after 2-h immobilization stress and in the case of chemical sympathectomy, the eccrine glands of rats exhibit practically complete similarity in the level of sweat secretion and in various histochemical indices of the activity of the glands and the state of the neuromediator systems. In comparison with the control, in these glands the sweat secretion is increased, there is no glycogen, the number of light secretory cells is increased and the number of dark ones decreased, the isoelectric point of the mitochondria is shifted by a unit of the pH scale in the alkaline direction, the monamine oxidase activity of the mitochondria of the secretory cells and the myelinated nerves is sharply reduced, and the anticholinesterase of the nerves that interlace the gland disappears. In the case of immobilization stress there is an apparent functional denervation of the eccrine glands. PMID- 7225473 TI - Can allergic exposure provoke psychological symptoms? A double-blind test. AB - Clinical ecologists report that exposure to allergens can induce cognitive and emotional symptoms as well as somatic symptoms in susceptible individuals, but controlled tests are meager. In a test of the hypothesis that sublingual exposure to allergens would produce cognitive-emotional symptoms in allergy patients, double-blind provocative testing was conducted at an allergy clinic; 30 allergy patients complaining of at least one psychological symptom were selected. Self report, heart-rate, and several mood and psychological performance measures were obtained. MMPI scores indicated a pathological sample. Reported cognitive emotional symptoms were greater for allergens than for placebos (p = 0.001), while placebo symptoms were equal to base rate. Greater variability of heart rate change was found for allergens than for placebos (p = 0.008). Severe reactions occurred more frequently to allergens (p = 0.008). Severe reactions occurred more frequently to allergens (p = 0.02). Other dependent measures were not affected by the allergens or the placebos. It is concluded that allergens may contribute to psychopathology in some individuals. PMID- 7225472 TI - Low platelet MAO activity in psychiatric patients and plasma factors: no evidence for inhibitory influences on MAO in the circulating platelet population. AB - The influence of plasma and low and high molecular weight plasma fraction on MAO activity in platelets from controls were studied. Plasmas were obtained from patients with decreased platelet MAO activity and suffering from chronic schizophrenia of different syndrome subtypes, unipolar depressions, and alcoholism. Up to 50% inhibition and activation of MAO activity alterations were not different between the plasmas from schizophrenic, depressive, and alcoholic patients. Plasmas from schizophrenic patients without medication or on neuroleptics showed similar inhibition and/or activation of MAO activity in platelets from controls. The results indicate, in accordance with recent findings, that a number of low and high molecular weight substances can trigger platelet MAO activity changes. These plasma factors do not appear to be characteristic of schizophrenic patients with low platelet MAO activity. PMID- 7225471 TI - Microbiological synthesis of protein. State of the problem and developmental trends. AB - While the share of protein from unicellular organisms is but a small fraction of total protein production, the methods of microbiologic production appear rather promising and have been greatly developed in the last 10-15 years. The author discusses technologic methods for obtaining protein from unicellular organisms, questions of selecting the raw material and the producers used in these processes, and the fields for use of the product obtained. The range of suitable taxonomic groups of microorganisms and of substrates for these processes has lately been broadened. Attention has been focussed on the use of renewable feedstock and of industrial wastes (cellulose-containing materials, etc.). Use of the latter for microbiologic synthesis could produce enough protein to make up for the global deficit in protein. The author also discusses questions of improving, enlarging, and automating the equipment suitable for these processes. PMID- 7225474 TI - Disjunctive arousal changes as a consequence of nondrug clinical intervention. AB - Sleeplessness and resting pulse rate were studied in relation to behavioral treatment of 34 chronic psychotics using an 18-week ABAB research design. These arousal measures, unrelated in the base line, showed significant opposing changes during four of the first ten treatment weeks. Sleeplessness improved proportionately with clinical response, gauged by social participation, whereas pulse rates were significantly exacerbated early in treatment. When treatment was withdrawn and reinstated, pulse rates correspondingly decreased and increased significantly. These results suggested that arousal changes transcend specific drug action and are a consequence of treatment -- possibly a hindrance -- rather than its source. The systematic differences supported a distinction between two arousal processes, on responsive and one resistant to treatment. It was proposed that the elevation of autonomic arousal with treatment may reflect dysphoria from threat to psychotic homeostasis and consequent therapeutic resistance. Implications were drawn regarding clinical intervention with poor prognosis psychotics, a two-factor model of arousal disorder, and a nonunitary approach to arousal research. PMID- 7225475 TI - The quantitative hemispheric EEG in adolescent psychiatric patients with depressive or paranoid symptomatology. AB - The quantitated EEG of a clinically heterogeneous small group of 13 adolescent psychiatric patients with paranoid or depressive symptoms was compared to that of 26 normal adolescents. While in most controls the variances of the distributions of EEG amplitudes were similar between right and left hemispheres, it was found that higher variances in the right than in the left were significantly more prevalent in patients with depressive symptomatology while it was the reverse in patients with paranoid symptomatology in whom the variances were significantly higher in the left than in the right hemisphere. PMID- 7225476 TI - The effect of fronto-frontal and temporo-parietal unilateral ECT on retrograde memory. AB - An intraindividual, double-blind crossover comparison of the retrograde effect on memory of unilateral nondominant fronto-frontal and temporo-parietal ECT was performed in connection with the second and third treatments of an ECT series. Treatment technique was standardized and seizure duration was measured by means of EEG. Memory functions were examined 1 hr before and 2 hr after ECT. Three operationally defined memory variables: immediate memory, delayed memory, and their difference, forgetting, were scored. There were no differences between fronto-frontal and temporo-parietal ECT in regard to the amount of methohexital and suxamethonium chloride employed, the mean time of electrical stimulation, and the seizure duration. There were significantly higher delayed memory and lower forgetting scores after fronto-frontal electrode placement. PMID- 7225477 TI - The replicability of the psychophysiological effects of diazepam. PMID- 7225479 TI - Lecithin administration in tardive dyskinesia: clinical and biomedical correlates. PMID- 7225478 TI - Tyramine pressor test and cardiovascular effects of chlorimipramine and nortriptyline in healthy volunteers. PMID- 7225480 TI - Prenatal diagnosis: psychiatric aspects. PMID- 7225481 TI - Cerebral evoked potential changes produced by treatment with lithium carbonate. AB - To confirm and extend previous findings concerning evoked potential (EP) changes produced by lithium carbonate (Li), 12 depressive patients were studied while on placebo and on therapeutic doses of Li. Four kinds of EPs were recorded from 14 leads: somatosensory (SEP) to left (LSEP) and right (RSEP) median nerve stimuli; visual (VEP) to a checkerboard flash; auditory (AEP) to binaural click. Plasma and erythrocyte (RBC) Li levels and Hamilton Depression ratings were obtained. Li produced a number of amplitude changes in EPs of all sensory modalities, while there were few latency changes; in general, amplitudes of positive components were increased, while negative component amplitudes were reduced. The spatial distributions of EP peaks were mainly unaltered by Li. The amount of EP amplitude change with Li tended to be correlated with plasma and RBC Li levels. No convincing correlations were found between alterations in EPs and depression ratings. The nature of the EP changes with Li was generally not concordant with normalization of the deviant EP characteristics found in depressives. The findings indicate that Li produces more widespread CNS changes than suggested by previous reports; it appears that these tend to be related to Li levels, but not to the therapeutic effects of Li. PMID- 7225482 TI - Smooth pursuit pattern in schizophrenic patients during cognitive task. AB - Asymmetries in saccadic pursuit were studied, using EOG, ion 20 schizophrenic patients, as well as in two groups of normal subjects, screened for their patterns of lateral eye movements (LEM). Tracking performance was also examined while subjects were concurrently engaged in performing a cognitive task. Saccadic pursuit among schizophrenic patients was replicated in the present study. No asymmetry was observed in the quality of leftward as compared to rightward tracking. However, solving syllogisms while tracking resulted in further deterioration in tracking performance of the patients, with significantly more saccades and arrests in tracking occurring when following the target to the left as compared to rightward following. Similar asymmetry was observed in one group of controls who are believed to rely more on their left hemisphere on the LEM test, whereas no asymmetry was observed in the performance of the second control group. These results are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of left hemispheric hyperactivity in schizophrenia. Saccadic pursuit in one subgroup of the normal sample is considered as suggesting that these individuals belong to the high-risk group. PMID- 7225483 TI - Use of THA in treatment of Alzheimer-like dementia: pilot study in twelve patients. AB - THA, a centrally acting anticholinesterase, was given intravenously in varying doses to 12 unselected cases of Alzheimer-like senile dementia. Significant improvement in memory testing occurred in 6 of 12 subjects; 9 of 12 improved in clinical staging. Analysis of results with respect to staging of dementia revealed that the degree of improvement was inversely related to the severity of dementia. Statistical analysis of these data by the Friedman test is detailed. PMID- 7225484 TI - Temporal coordination of rest-activity cycle, body temperature, urinary free cortisol, and mood in a patient with 48-hour unipolar-depressive cycles in clinical and time-cue-free environments. AB - During medication-free observation a 66-year-old male patient showed an almost strict alternation of days with depressed mood and days with normal mood. The experiment consisted of two parts; the first was 4 weeks' observation in the psychiatric ward, while the second was 2 weeks' observation in an experimental unit where the patient was deprived of all known information on local time. In the psychiatric ward the observed circadian rhythms, i.e., the rest-activity cycle, the body temperature, the urinary free cortisol, and the mood rhythm, were all synchronized with the geophysical day. Under isolation from time cues the average rest-activity cycle duration was reduced to about 19.5 hr, whereas the body temperature and the urinary free cortisol continued to show rhythms with near-24-hr periods. The main finding of the study is the persistence of a near-48 hr periodicity in the mood fluctuation under isolation from time cues. Besides this, in the time course of body temperature and urinary free cortisol evoked components correlating with the mood cycles were found. PMID- 7225486 TI - The adaptive role of maladaptive neurosis: an evolutionary misconception. PMID- 7225485 TI - A primate analogue of amphetamine-induced behaviors in humans. AB - The effects of amphetamine on individual and social behaviors were studied in two colonies of rhesus monkeys. After an initial base-line period, each animal, in turn, received low chronic drug administration for 3 weeks. Between each drug period new base-line data were collected. During amphetamine administration, there was a significant increase in the following behaviors: time spent in "sit tense" postures, frequency of orienting, and frequency of agonistic behaviors. In addition, significant changes were seen in the time spent in proximity with other members of the group. The results are discussed both in terms of across-animal changes as well as with regard to social factors, rank in the hierarchy, and affiliative relationships. PMID- 7225488 TI - Drug effect on blink rates in rhesus monkeys: preliminary studies. AB - Various drugs that alter central monoamine activity were given to monkeys to determine effects on blink rate. Chronic pargyline treatment raised the mean +/- SD blink rate slightly to 18.2 +/- 5.3 blinks/90 sec. When phenylethylamine was added to chronic pargyline treatment, blinks increased from a base line of 16.8 +/- 7.6 blinks/90 sec to 37 +/- 15 blinks/90 sec. Apomorphine (0.36 mg/kg) raised blinks from a base lone of 12.2 +/- 2.8 blinks/90 sec. to 41.9 +/- 10.3 blinks/90 sec. and reversed a decrease in blinking caused by haloperidol. The neurochemical basis of blinking and implications for tardive dyskinesia are discussed. PMID- 7225487 TI - Plasma free and total tryptophan, blood serotonin, and the hyperactivity syndrome: no evidence for the serotonin deficiency hypothesis. AB - Total and free plasma tryptophan and plasma cortisol levels were determined for children diagnosed as hyperactive or learning disabled and in normal siblings of these subjects. No differences were observed among the groups on any of the dependent variables related to a number of parameters measured for the hyperactive children such as degree of hyperactivity, presence of food allergies, favorable response to methylphenidate, and brain dysfunction. Moreover, in further comparisons no differences were found between hyperactive and age-matched controls on these variables as well as blood serotonin, nor were any differences found for a group of hyperactive children between placebo and methylphenidate trials. These data do not support earlier suggestions of a serotonin deficiency in hyperactive children. PMID- 7225489 TI - Pursuit eye movements in psychopathology: effects of target characteristics. AB - Tests of smooth pursuit eye movements using two types of targets, at three different frequencies, with two types of superimposed cognitive tasks were performed by 16 manic-depressive patients, 16 schizophrenic patients, and 14 normal subjects. The results showed that patients track more poorly than normals at all frequencies with either a real pendulum or an electronically driven target. Tracking efficiency of all subjects is improved by both superimposed cognitive tasks. Differences between patients and nonpatients exist under all experimental conditions. PMID- 7225491 TI - Psychiatrists against war. PMID- 7225492 TI - The effects of sleep deprivation on average evoked responses in depressed patients and in normals. AB - The effects of a single night of sleep deprivation on the amplitude and amplitude/stimulus intensity function of the visual evoked potential (EP) were studied in 16 patients with primary affective disorder and 20 normal controls. Visual EP amplitude and amplitude/intensity slopes tended to increase after sleep deprivation in the patient group, a direction found in other studies to be associated with a spontaneous mood improvement and changes with antidepressant medication. In contrast, normal volunteers who showed little or no mood elevation showed generally opposite EP effects. Taken together, the results suggest a similarity in the neurophysiological effect of sleep deprivation between patient and antidepressant medication in depressed patients. PMID- 7225490 TI - Hyperkinesis treated by vestibular stimulation: an exploratory study. AB - In crossover design with alternate assignment to order, 18 hyperkinetic children were treated with eyes-open rotational vestibular stimulation and with control contact, each eight times over 4-week periods. On behavioral ratings by teachers, they scored better after eight sessions of rotational stimulation than after eight control sessions. This treatment advantage was restricted to the ten children younger than age 10 without undersocialized-aggressive features. Few side effects occurred. Ratings by parents, but not by teachers. showed significant (p less than 0.05) placebo effect from the control situation. These findings suggest that vestibular stimulation be explored as a treatment modality for young children. The importance of concomitant visual stimulation needs to be investigated. PMID- 7225493 TI - Disulfiram and nocturnal penile tumescence in the chronic alcoholic. AB - Thirty male sober alcoholic inpatients received placebo or disulfiram in a random double-blind design in order to evaluate the effects of disulfiram on nocturnal penile tumescence. The amount and frequency of full erections were decreased in the cohort receiving disulfiram. Implications of these results for the role of norepinephrine in penile tumescence are discussed. PMID- 7225494 TI - Brain scan lateralization and psychiatric symptoms in system lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7225495 TI - Relationship between lithium levels of saliva and serum. PMID- 7225496 TI - [Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting of the German Society for Biomedical Technology]. PMID- 7225497 TI - Lithium effect on calcitonin secretion in the rat. PMID- 7225498 TI - Poly-L-lysine as a coating agent for the attachment of active antibodies onto polyacrylic plastic beads. PMID- 7225499 TI - The measurement of total lactic dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in solid tumours. AB - The routine practice of making enzymatic assessments for the purposes of cancer diagnosis, including the determination of total amount of LDH provides only limited information. However, the total amount of LDH may be used to monitor the effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy in certain tumours, such as epithelial tumours and germ-cell tumours of the ovaries, non Hodgkin's lymphomas or malignant tumours of the testicles. The differentiation of LDH isoenzymes, with a view to linking their pattern to precise localizations has been studied. In germ cell testicular tumours, there is a marked increase in LDH 1. In liver metastases, LDH 5 and/or LDH 4 are disturbed in 90% of the cases, while the total amount of LDH is raised in only 72% of the cases. In many cases, the association of a disturbance in the serum ratio of the total amount of LDH and a disturbance in the isoenzymes of LDH 4 and LDH 5 associated with a high level of GGT indicate the presence of liver metastases. PMID- 7225500 TI - Structural immunochemistry of melatonin-BSA binding, model of amino and indole groups cross-linking. AB - The sites of fixation to bovine serum albumin of melatonin and of mono- and dimethylated melatonin identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, have been determined. The binding sites appear to be important in the conservation of the structural features necessary for the antigenicity of the molecule. PMID- 7225501 TI - Increase in blood silicon concentration in patients with renal failure. AB - Comparatively with aluminium, human blood silicon concentration was determined by plasma emission spectrometry. In 33 healthy subjects mean value of 110 micrograms/l (s = 34) was obtained. In 14 patients with renal failure, but non dialyzed, Si increased and showed a good correlation with creatinine suggesting that Si is a good indicator of renal failure. In 127 hemodialyzed patients Si was increased up to a mean blood concentration of 1,740 micrograms/l and sometimes to values as high as 5,000 micrograms/l. Possible pathological consequences of this elevation are still to be determined. PMID- 7225502 TI - [Technic for isolation and culture of macrophages from human synovial fluid]. AB - Macrophages from synovial fluid were obtained by joint puncture of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or non-rheumatoid exudative arthropathies. This fluid was subsequently centrifuged and the resulting cell pellet was recovered and distributed for in vitro culture (Falcon Petri dishes: 60 x 15 or 35 x 10). Cells were washed after 4 hours in culture to eliminate non-macrophagic cells. A second cell wash was effected 24 hours later to eliminate non-adherent cells. The culture medium employed was fetal calf serum MMP 119 (Gibco). The macrophagic nature of the cultured cells was ascertained by non specific esterase determinations (Burstone method) and estimation of the phagocytic index (using zymosan). This technique permits the conservation of viable monocytes in culture thus facilitating investigation of their metabolic activity (for example: prostaglandins, prostanoids or fatty acids) and the effects of anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 7225503 TI - Registry of experimental digestive tract tumours in europe. AB - A survey was carried out throughout Europe to establish a Registry of Experimental Digestive Tumours, including cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum and pancreas, transplantable tumour lines in animal models, and human digestive tumours grafted into nude mice or immunosuppressed animals. Cell lines from human and animal digestive tract cancers are also included. This registry is to provide information and facilitate communication between interested research workers. PMID- 7225504 TI - A mean-field model of the alkane-saturated lipid bilayer above its phase transition. II. Results and comparison with experiment. AB - Equilibrium properties of a model lipid bilayer saturated with an n-alkane are presented. The model exhibits a cut-off in absorption as the chain length of the alkane increases which is similar to that observed with black lipid films. The reasons for this cut-off are explored in detail. The model provides qualitative agreement with the experimental enthalpies of transfer of the various alkanes from bulk pure liquid to the bilayer, and with results of electrical compression experiments on black films. Distributions of alkane across the bilayer for different volume fractions in the membrane are presented. For small volume fractions of alkane, its distribution is fairly even across the bilayer and the alkane chains line up essentially parallel to the lipid chains. For larger volume fractions, the alkane distribution is strongly peaked in the center of the membrane. The alkane chains in the outer regions of the membrane line up essentially parallel to the lipid chains, while those in the center are almost completely disordered. The model suggests that the chains (both lipid and alkane) are in an essentially liquid state with no well defined interface between opposing monolayers. It gives a possible explanation for the discrepancy between the experimental free energy of thinning of some lipid membranes formed from the longer chain length alkanes and the theoretical values estimated from Lifshitz's theory. PMID- 7225505 TI - The concept of chemical capacitance, A critique. AB - The concept of chemical capacitance as introduced by Hong and Mauzerall (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1974. 71:1564) is critically reexamined. This novel capacitance was introduced to explain the time-course of flash-induced photocurrents observed in lipid bilayer membranes containing porphyrins. According to Hong and Mauzerall, the chemical capacitance results from a combination of three fundamental capacitances: the geometric membrane capacitance and the two interfacial double layer capacitances. The concept of chemical capacitance is questioned for the following reasons: (i) The system analysis is insufficiently determinate. (ii) The measured chemical capacitance is approximately 0.16% of that predicted by the theory. (iii) The fact that only 20% of the membrane area is illuminated was not considered in the analysis. The latter point offers an alternative explanation of the capacitance in question: this capacitance may reflect that fraction of the total membrane capacitance that is photochemically active. If so, the concept of chemical capacitance lacks general significance. PMID- 7225506 TI - The glycophorin-phospholipid interface in recombined systems. A 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance study. AB - Glycophorin, the MN glycoprotein from the erythrocyte membrane, was recombined with egg phosphatidylcholine and with the total lipid extract from human erythrocyte membranes in a membranous form. 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the recombinants resembled spectra obtained from unsonicated phospholipid dispersions and biological membranes. The glycophorin/phospholipid ratio in these recombinants was varied from approximately 50:1 (lipid/protein) to 200:1, and 31P-NMR spectral intensities were obtained. Comparison of these intensities to that expected based on a pure phospholipid standard revealed that there were two phospholipid environments in the recombinants: one immobilized by the protein, and one slightly disordered and nonimmobilized. A relatively constant number of phospholipids were immobilized per glycophorin at all lipid/protein ratios studied. PMID- 7225507 TI - Structure of valinomycin-K+ complex in solution by extended x-ray absorption fine structure. AB - We used synchrotron radiation to measure the K-edge absorption spectra of the potassium ion in valinomycin-K+ complexes dissolved in ethanol and methanol. Our motivation is to study the structure of valinomycin around the potassium ion and the effect of solvents. From the extended x-ray absorption fine structure, we found that the mean distance from potassium to its coordination atoms, oxygen, is the same for both solvents, 2.79 +/- 0.02 A, compared with 2.76 A in crystal. The K-edge threshold spectra of the two solutions are almost identical but have a small difference in their relative peak intensities. The coincidence of their corresponding peak positions indicates that the strength of ligand field is about the same in these two samples. This agrees with the known binding energies of potassium ion to valinomycin in solutions. The difference in the relative peak intensities suggests a perturbation of ligand symmetry by solvents. PMID- 7225508 TI - On the mechanism of hydrogen-deuterium exchange in bacteriorhodopsin. AB - Continuous-flow resonance Raman experiments carried out in bacteriorhodopsin show that the exchange of a deuteron on the Schiff base with a proton takes place in times shorter than 3 ms. Exchange mechanisms based on a base-catalyzed deprotonation followed by reprotonation of the Schiff base are excluded. A mechanism is suggested in which a water molecule interacts directly with the Schiff base deuteron in a concerted exchange mechanism. It appears that in the dark, the binding site is more accessible to neutral water molecules than to charged protons. PMID- 7225509 TI - Membrane currents following activity in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - Recent experiments in canine Pukinje fibers (Gadsby and Cranefield, 1979) have shown that following a period of sodium loading in K+-free solution a slowly decaying outward current is observed. This current has been attributed to the activity of the electrogenic Na+-K+ exchange pump. In the present paper we show that similar slowly decaying outward currents are observed following prolonged periods of overdrive with action potentials or with brief depolarizing voltage clamp pulses. The dependent of the prolonged outward current on the duration and frequency of the preceding period of overdrive and on the potential following overdrive is reported. We also present results which indicate that a large portion of this current can be induced by phasic Na+ loading through the fast inward channel. PMID- 7225511 TI - Voltage-dependent lipid flip-flop induced by alamethicin. AB - Alamethicin appears to allow voltage-dependent lipid exchange ("flip-flop") between leaflets of a planar bilayer. In membranes with one leaflet of phosphatidyl serine and one of phosphatidyl ethanolamine, the shape of the nonactin current-voltage curve accurately reports the difference in surface potential between the two sides of the membrane. The surface potential is itself a good measure of membrane asymmetry. Alamethicin added to the bathing solutions of an asymmetric membrane does not per se reduce the membrane asymmetry, but turning on the alamethicin conductance by application of a voltage pulse does. Immediately after application of a voltage pulse, large enough to turn on the alamethicin conductance, the asymmetry of the nonactin-K+ current voltage curve decreases, in some cases, nearly to zero. During the pulse, the alamethicin conductance activates if a decrease in surface potential favors turn-on of the alamethicin conductance or inactivates if a decrease in surface potential favors turn-off of the alamethicin conductance. After the pulse, the nonactin-K+ asymmetry returns to its original value if the alamethicin conductance is not turned on. The time-course of this return allows an estimate of the diffusion constant of lipid in the planar bilayer. The value obtained is 5.1 x 10(-8) cm2/s. PMID- 7225512 TI - A cleft model for cardiac Purkinje strands. AB - Conduction of the action potential in cardiac muscle is complicated by its multicellular structure, with narrow intercellular clefts and cell-to-cell coupling. A model is developed from anatomical data to describe cardiac Purkinje strands of variable diameter and different internal arrangements of cells. The admittance of the model is solved analytically and fit to results of cable analysis. Using the extracted specific membrane and cell electrical parameters (Rm = 13 K omega cm2, Cm = 1.5 mu F/cm2, Ri = 100 mu cm, and Re = 50 omega cm), the model correctly predicted conduction velocity and filling of capacitance at the onset of a voltage step. The analysis permits more complete studies of the factors controlling conduction velocity; for instance, the effect on conduction velocity of a capacity in the longitudinal current circuit is discussed. Predictions of the impedance and phase angle were also made. Measurements of the frequency dependence of phase angle may provide a basis for separating cleft membrane properties from those of the surface membrane and may aid the measurement of nonlinear membrane properties in muscle. PMID- 7225510 TI - Presynaptic calcium currents in squid giant synapse. AB - A voltage clamp study has been performed in the presynaptic terminal of the squid stellate ganglion. After blockage of the voltage-dependent sodium and potassium conductances, an inward calcium current is demonstrated. Given a step depolarization pulse, this voltage- and time-dependent conductance has an S shaped onset. At the "break" of the voltage step, a rapid tail current is observed. From these results a kinetic model is generated which accounts for the experimental results and predicts for the time course and amplitude a possible calcium entry during presynaptic action potentials. PMID- 7225513 TI - Stereological analysis of freeze-fracture subfractions from skeletal muscle. I. Relative intrinsic protein. II. Relative lipid content and protein-to-lipid ratio. AB - Standard microsomal subfractions from biological tissues are not homogeneous but mixtures of membranes derived from the various cellular organelles. In the case of skeletal muscle, freeze-fracture replicas show both smooth concave faces and concave faces densely populated with 90-A particles. Stereological sampling techniques have been applied to such replicas and the relative surface area of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane calculated. Expressions are derived that estimate the relative fraction of SR intrinsic protein and lipid as a function of the relative surface area. Although most of the protein in our subfraction is SR protein, a significant amount of lipid is non-SR lipid. The effect of this on measurements of the protein-to-lipid ratio is discussed. PMID- 7225514 TI - Molecular motions and phase transitions. NMR relaxation times studies of several lecithins. AB - The spin-lattice relaxation time, T1, and the dipolar energy relaxation time, TD, were measured as a function of temperature. The materials studied were samples of anhydrous L-dipalmitoyl lecithin, DL-dipalmitoyl lecithin, L-dimyristoyl lecithin, DL-dimyristoyl lecithin and their monohydrates, and of anhydrous egg yolk lecithin. It is shown that TD is a much more sensitive parameter than T1 for the determination of the Chapman phase transition. Comparison between T1 and TD provides information about new types of slow molecular motions below and above the phase transition temperature. It is suggested that the relaxation mechanisms for T1 and TD in the gel phase are governed by segmental motion in the phospholipid molecule. A new metastable phase was detected in dimyristoyl lecithin monohydrates. This phase could only be detected from the dipolar energy relaxation times. PMID- 7225516 TI - NMR relaxation of protein and water protons in methemoglobin solutions. AB - Hemoglobin (Hb) proton spins rapidly equilibrate among themselves after an initial excitation, and relax toward thermal equilibrium as a unit. In the diamagnetic form, spin diffusion to nearby methyl relaxation sinks can account for this. For metHb, four strong heme relaxation centers dominate, and spin diffusion must occur over long distances. A sizeable difference in protein T1 is found between H2O and D2O solutions, much more than for diamagnetic Hb, consistent with internal H2O acting as a spin carrier to the heme. PMID- 7225515 TI - Measuring surface dynamics of biomolecules by total internal reflection fluorescence with photobleaching recovery or correlation spectroscopy. AB - The theoretical basis of a new technique for measuring equilibrium adsorption/desorption kinetics and surface diffusion of fluorescent-labeled solute molecules at solid surfaces has been developed. The technique combines total internal reflection fluorescence (TIR) with either fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) or fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). A laser beam totally internally reflects at a solid/liquid interface; the shallow evanescent field in the liquid excites the fluorescence of surface adsorbed molecules. In TIR/FPR, adsorbed molecules are bleaching by a flash of the focused laser beam; subsequent fluorescence recovery is monitored as bleached molecules exchange with unbleached ones from the solution or surrounding nonilluminated regions of the surface. In TIR/FCS, spontaneous fluorescence fluctuations due to individual molecules entering and leaving a well-defined portion of the evanescent field are autocorrelated. Under appropriate experimental conditions, the rate constants and surface diffusion coefficient can be readily obtained from the TIR/FPR and TIR/FCS curves. In general, the shape of the theoretical TIR/FPR and TIR/FCS curves depends in a complex manner upon the bulk and surface diffusion coefficients, the size of the iluminated or observed region, and the adsorption/desorption/kinetic rate constants. The theory can be applied both to specific binding between immobilized receptors and soluble ligands, and to nonspecific adsorption processes. A discussion of experimental considerations and the application of this technique to the adsorption of serum proteins on quartz may be found in the accompanying paper (Burghardt and Axelrod. 1981. Biophys. J. 33:455). PMID- 7225517 TI - Fluorescence photobleaching recovery: control of laser intensities with an acousto-optic modulator. PMID- 7225518 TI - Diffusion-controlled effects in reversible enzymatic fast reaction systems- critical spherical shell and proximity rate constant. AB - In this paper the diffusion-controlled effects in reversible enzyme fast reaction systems have been discussed. The main results are as follows: 1) An expression for the relation between the proximity second-order rate constant and the usual experimental second-order rate constant has been presented. From this expression we can see that the two kinds of rate constants are generally not equal unless the reaction proceeds very slowly (in comparison with the corresponding diffusion limit). 2) A new joint relation has been given between the theoretical calculated results and the experimentally measured ones for the activation energy. It has been pointed out that, for the reaction systems discussed here, it would no longer be valid to adopt the absolute reaction rate theory to calculate the activation energy as done commonly. 3) A formula has been given to calculate the upper limit obtainable possibly by experiments for the second-order rate constants in the reversible enzymatic fast reaction system. According to this formula, the value of such an upper limit is related not only to the diffusion coefficients of reacting molecules, the size of active surface, and the like, but also to the ratio of the concentration of product molecules to that of the substrate molecules at the equilibrium of the reaction system. Furthermore, the reversible enzymatic fast reaction system with multi-substrate and multi-product has been discussed, and a general equation for calculating the degree of reaction flow derived as well. PMID- 7225519 TI - The critical spherical shell in enzymatic fast reaction systems. AB - As we go more deeply into the theoretical analysis and actual calculations for enzymatic fast reaction systems, the concept of the critical shell would naturally be confronted with. In this paper, a formula is presented to estimate the thickness of the critical shell. An on such a basis, we have made calculations and discussed the influences of various factors such as short-range force, long-range force, activation energy and cavity-active site upon the thickness of the critical spherical shell. PMID- 7225520 TI - Thermodynamic nonideality and the dependence of partition coefficient upon solute concentration in exclusion chromatography. Application to self-associating and non-self-associating solutes. Application to hemoglobin. AB - The theory of partition of macromolecular solute between mobile and stationary phases under highly nonideal conditions is reexamined. Expressions are derived for the dependence of the partition coefficient of a non-self-associating solute, and the weight average partition coefficient of a dimerizing solute, upon the total concentration of solute in the mobile phase. These expressions are based upon a treatment of nonideality in the stationary phase which is more realistic than that proposed earlier [L.W. Nichol, R.J. Siezin and D.J. Winzor, Biophys. Chem. 9 (1979) 17]. It is found that the chromatographic data on oxyhemoglobin in the above paper may be accommodated by the present theory without invoking self association. PMID- 7225521 TI - Fluorescence decay kinetics of pyrene in membrane vesicles. AB - The fluorescence decay kinetics of pyrene incorporated into artificial and natural membrane vesicles has been studied by pulse fluorimetry. The emission of monomeric pyrene and its excimer embedded in sonicated liposomes prepared from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and a mixture of this phospholipid and dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine follows a multiple exponential decay law at temperatures both below and above their thermal transitions (10--48 degrees C). When pyrene is incorporated into fragmented skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, the emission decay exhibits similar multiple exponential character. The decay of the monomer in the phospholipid vesicles can be adequately described by three exponential terms. The experimental decays observed with both types of vesicles deviate significantly from a previously proposed model in which departure of the decay of pyrene monomer from monoexponentiality is qualitatively related to a time dependence in the diffuslipid vesicles can be adequately described by three exponential terms. The experimental decays observed with both types of vesicles deviate significantly from a previously proposed model in which departure of the decay of pyrene monomer from monoexponentiality is qualitatively related to a time dependence in the diffuslipid vesicles can be adequately described by three exponential terms. The experimental decays observed with both types of vesicles deviate significantly from a previously proposed model in which departure of the decay of pyrene monomer from monoexponentiality is qualitatively related to a time dependence in the diffusion-controlled formation of excimers from ground state and excited monomers. It is suggested that the observed decays are compatible with a reaction scheme involving excited state interaction. PMID- 7225522 TI - Cross-bridge behavior in rigor muscle. AB - Properties of the rigor state in muscle can be explained by a simple cross-bridge model, of the type which has been suggested for active muscle, in which detachment of cross-bridges by ATP is excluded. Two attached cross-bridge states, with distinct force vs. distortion relationships, are required, in addition to a detached state, but the attached cross-bridge states in rigor muscle appear to differ significantly from the attached cross-bridge states in active muscle. The stability of the rigor force maintained in muscle under isometric conditions does not require exceptional stability of the attached cross-bridges, if the positions in which attachment of cross-bridges is allowed are limited so that the attachment of cross-bridges in positions which have minimum free energy is excluded. This explanation of the stability of the rigor state may also be applicable to the maintenance of stable rigor waves on flagella. PMID- 7225523 TI - Conformational aspects of gastrin-related peptides: a circular dichroism study. PMID- 7225524 TI - Structural conformations of nucleosomes at low ionic strength from flow birefringence and intrinsic viscosity. PMID- 7225525 TI - Acoustic modes and nonbonded interactions of the double helix. PMID- 7225526 TI - Binding of ligands to a one-dimensional heterogeneous lattice. II. Intercalation of tilorone with DNA and polynucleotides. PMID- 7225527 TI - Kinetics of activation and desensitization in receptor proteins. PMID- 7225528 TI - Calculated microwave absorption of double-helical B-conformation poly(dG).poly(dC). PMID- 7225529 TI - Noninteracting local-structure model of folding and unfolding transition in globular proteins. II. Application to two-dimensional lattice proteins. PMID- 7225530 TI - Locations of frequently opening regions on natural DNAs and their relation to functional loci. PMID- 7225531 TI - Noninteracting local-structure model of folding and unfolding transition in globular proteins. I. Formulation. PMID- 7225532 TI - On the relevance of air pollution measurements of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in ambient particulate matter. PMID- 7225533 TI - Quantitative determination of fecal bile acids as their methyl ether methyl esters by the repetitive scan technique. AB - Quantification of bile acids has been carried out by selected ion monitoring and by repetitive scanning. The latter method has been explored critically and found to be very suitable. A 24 h collection of feces was submitted to Soxhlet extraction. The extract was purified on Servachrom XAD-2, and separated into sulfated and non-sulfated fractions over DEAP-Sephadex-LH20. Conjugated and sulfated bile acids were enzymatically deconjugated and desulfated prior to permethylation. Deuterated bile acid derivatives were added as external standards and an aliquot was injected onto a capillary column of SE-52. The reconstructed chromatogram traces of specific ions were integrated to quantify known bile acids. Spectra of all metabolites were available for identification purposes simultaneously. PMID- 7225534 TI - Changes in acetylcholine in caudate nucleus tissue isolated in situ detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring. AB - Acetylcholine neurons in the striatum are believed to be primarily intrinsic. In cats a cylinder of caudate tissue was isolated unilaterally from all afferent and efferent connections while preserving the blood supply through the base of the cylinder. Cats were decapitated two and four weeks after operation. Dorsal, intermediate and ventral portions of the viable isolated cylinder, and corresponding tissue from the contralateral hemisphere serving as control, were removed, weighed and frozen. Deuterated internal standards at concentrations approximating those of acetylcholine and choline in the tissue were added and acetylcholine and choline extracted, reacted with propionyl chloride and demethylated with sodium benzenethiolate. The derivatives were separated by gas chromatography, and the acetylcholine and choline concentrations in the tissue evaluated using selected ion monitoring of m/z 58, 60 and 64. The observed decrease in the acetylcholine concentration in the dorsal portion could be due either to the interruption of the cholinergic thalamic input or to the more severe ischemia in this portion. The increase in the acetylcholine concentration in the ventral portion, where blood circulation is normal, may reflect accumulation of acetylcholine in inactive intrinsic neurons after severance of their input, or indicate sprouting of intrinsic acetylcholine neurons. PMID- 7225535 TI - Selected ion monitoring determination of acetylcholine during methoxypyridoxine seizures. AB - The neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid is known to decrease preictally after administration of the potent convulsant methyoxypyridoxine, a competitive inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. An attempt was made to determine the effect of this gamma-aminobutyric acid decrease on the cholinergic system. Rabbits were immobilized and artificially ventilated in order to avoid hypoxidosis. Seizures were induced by intravenous injection of 100 mg kg-1 methoxypyridoxine; 40 minutes later the animals were decapitated and discrete brain areas removed. Tissue contents of acetylcholine and choline were estimated by gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl acetate and propionate derivatives using deuterated internal standards. Gas chromatographic column optimization resulted in a considerable sensitivity gain. Computerized selected ion monitoring was carried out on the dimethylmethyleneimmonium ions using voltage switching. The use of a computer controlled solvent dump valve was implemented to increase precision. No significant difference was observed in the concentration of acetylcholine in the frontal cortex, cerebellar cortex, septum, hippocampus, or caudate of seizure versus control animals; septal choline increased, however. This suggests that the acetylcholine turnover could be increased during seizure. PMID- 7225536 TI - Quantitative gas chromatographic mass spectrometric determination of 1,2,3,4 tetrahydro-beta-carboline in human plasma and platelets. AB - A sensitive and specific method is described for the determination of 1,2,3,4 tetrahydro-beta-carboline in human plasma, based on selected ion monitoring gas chromatography mass spectrometry and employing a deuterium analogue as internal standard. The identification of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline is based on monitoring ions m/z 143, 171, 199 and 368 for the heptafluorobutyryl derivative of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline or the normal mass spectrum. For quantitation the ratio of ions m/z 368/370 was used. The mean of 1,2,3,4 tetrahydro-beta-carboline level in human plasma (n = 10) was 8.78 +/- 1.94 ng ml 1 and 5.68 +/- 1.34 ng in platelets corresponding 1 ml of platelet rich plasma. PMID- 7225537 TI - Identification by selective ion monitoring of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta carboline in human platelets and plasma after ethanol intake. AB - 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (tetrahydroharman) has been quantified in human platelets and plasma following acute intake of ethanol using a selective ion monitoring method. It was not possible to detect this compound before ethanol intake. PMID- 7225538 TI - Determination of trioxsalen in human plasma in the picogram range by glass capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - Two methods based on glass capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry have been developed for quantitative determination of trioxsalen, a photosensitizing drug, in human plasma. One employs the extraction of trioxsalen and deuterated internal standard from plasma with dichloromethane and purification of the extract by high pressure liquid chromatography before analysis by selected ion monitoring at low resolution. In the other procedure the raw hexane extracts are analysed by selected ion monitoring at medium resolution. Both methods can be used to determine trioxsalen over the range 25 pg ml-1 to 2 ng ml-1, which corresponds to the range of plasma concentration present after application of trioxsalen as bath. PMID- 7225539 TI - The use of stable isotopes to prove the saturable first-pass effect of methoxsalen. AB - Methoxsalen, administered orally shows a strong, albeit saturable first-pass effect, as demonstrated by classical dose linearity testing and by a new method, using stable isotopes and gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis. The therapeutic consequences of the first-pass effect are discussed. PMID- 7225540 TI - Selected ion monitoring assay for bromhexine in biological fluids. AB - A method has been developed for quantification of bromhexine in plasma using gas chromatography mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. A deuterium labelled analogue was synthesized and used as the internal standard. To evaluate the gas chromatographic electron capture detection method described earlier, 23 plasma samples have been analysed by both techniques. Although a good correlation was shown, selected ion monitoring was superior to the electron capture detection method for levels below 3 ng ml-1. The mass spectrometric method has also been used to set up a pharmacokinetic study of bromhexine in horses. Urine extracts were subjected to gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis to identify the different metabolites of bromhexine. Three groups of metabolites were detected and identified. PMID- 7225541 TI - A sensitive and specific method for the determination of chlorimipramine and desmethylchlorimipramine in plasma using selected ion monitoring with chemical ionization. AB - Chlorimipramine and other tricyclic antidepressant drugs are widely used for the treatment of depressive disorders. We analysed chlorimipramine and its major metabolite desmethylchlorimipramine after a two step extraction from plasma with diethylether. The underivatized samples were separated on a short (40 cm x 2 mm) silanized glass column packed with 3% OV 17 on Chromosorb HPW-DMCS, 80-100 mesh, which was directly coupled to the mass spectrometer. Detection of the tricyclic antidepressant drugs and their respective deuterium labelled internal standards was performed by chemical ionization using methanol vapour as reactant gas. The method is simple and sufficiently sensitive to permit the routine analysis of therapeutic plasma levels of tricyclic antidepressant drugs in extracts originating from 1 ml plasma. PMID- 7225543 TI - [Catecholamines in the brain structures of rats responding differently to the "open field" test]. AB - Wistar rats divided into groups according to the open-field test showed essential differences in the catecholamine level in 3 out of eight principal catecholamine synthesizing brain nuclei. In rats with a sharp decrease in crossing and rearing seen throughout the experiment, the adrenaline and dopamine levels in A1 area were significantly higher and the dopamine level in locus ceruleus and n. arcuatus was lower as compared with rats which were not so emotional. It is suggested that the open-field behavior of Wistar rats correlates with the brain catecholamine interplay, the main part being played by adrenaline-synthesizing neurons of A1 area, noradrenaline-synthesizing neurons of locus ceruleus and dopamine-synthesizing neurons of n. arcuatus. PMID- 7225542 TI - Determination of nanogram amounts of the antiarrhythmic drug Org 6001 in biological fluids and tissues using selected ion monitoring. AB - An assay method has been developed to determine the free base of Org 6001 (3 alpha-amino-5 alpha-androstan-2 beta-ol-17-one . HCl) in biological samples. The assay procedure consists of protein denaturation, ethyl acetate extraction, derivatization with tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane in dimethylformamide followed by n-hexane extraction and selected ion monitoring using trideuterated Org 6001 as an internal standard. For quantitation, the signals were monitored corresponding to the masses of the [M - 57]+ ions of 2-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl, N-formyl derivatives of Org 6001 and the internal standard at m/z 390 and m/z 393, respectively. The assay method was applied to plasma samples from the human and rat, and to rat tissues including the target organ, the heart. The relationship between the Org 6001 plasma level and clinical effect in the human, the distribution of Org 6001 in rat tissues, and the correlation between the plasma level and the amount of Org 6001 in total heart tissue of the rat were determined. PMID- 7225544 TI - [Dynamics of protein synthesis in several organs of mice with fluorosis]. AB - Proceeding from the time course of 3H-leucine incorporation during chronic fluoride administration the mouse organs were distributed conventionally into three groups. The first group included the organs which did not manifest significant alterations in protein synthesis. On the contrary, the second group of the organs manifested pronounced oscillations in the synthetic activity during poisoning. However, the majority of the organs studied (the third group) was characterized by a sharp inhibition of isotope incorporation. PMID- 7225545 TI - [Effect of extracellular ATP and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions on the osmotic properties of cerebral cortex synaptosomes]. PMID- 7225546 TI - [Effect of cholinergic factors on the state of erythrocyte membrane proteins of animals]. AB - Experiments were carried out on 10 dogs to study the effect of high cholinergic activity of blood on the redox processes in membrane proteins of red blood cells. An increase in blood cholinergic activity was induced by parenteral injection of acetylcholine (0.9 mg/kg) and proserin (0.008 mg/kg) twice daily over 2 to 7 months. Long-term increase of blood cholinergic activity caused an elevation of solubilization of membrane proteins and redistribution of individual polypeptide from integral protein fractions into peripheral ones. The peripheral proteins manifested a pronounced increase in the number of sulfhydryl and reduction in disulfide groups. These data correlated with changes in the level of pyridine nucleotides in intact cells. PMID- 7225547 TI - [pH gradient in the membranes of serotonin-containing granules of thrombocytes: principles for studying them using fluorescent amino-derivatives of acridine]. AB - A new method has been devised for determination of gradient pH and buffering capacity in 5-HT-containing granules of platelets. It is based on the ability of 5-HT granules to accumulate acridine derivatives so that the ratio of the label concentrations outside and inside is equal to the proton concentration ratio. Simultaneous recording of the fluorescence intensity and light transmission of the platelet-rich plasma has been made use of in comparing the kinetics of the intragranular pH collapse and platelet aggregation. PMID- 7225548 TI - [NADPH- and NADH-dependent benz(a)pyrene hydroxylating system. II. Relationship to lipid peroxidation]. AB - It has been shown with reference to liver microsomes prepared in the presence and in the absence of alpha-tocopherol that structural alterations that may arise from the isolation procedure may affect interplay of carriers in NADP.H oxidation. Study of these alterations is of importance for understanding the influence of different factors of NADP.H oxidase on the involvement of NAD.H in benz(a)pyrene hydroxylation. If the electron transport via NADP.H-dependent flavoprotein is limited, the intense hydroxylation of benz(a)pyrene can be supported by means of chains involved in NAD.H oxidation. Studies have been focused on utilization of NAD.H in benz(a)pyrene hydroxylation and lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7225549 TI - [Liver mitochondrial phospholipase activation in hyperthyroid rabbits]. AB - Mitochondria obtained from hyperthyroid rabbit liver contained an approximately 4 fold greater amount of free fatty acids (FFA) than preparations from the control animals. The temperature dependence of FFA accumulation (29--38 degrees C) showed that the activation energy of mitochondrial lipid hydrolysis for control and experimental animals was 7 kcal/mole and 29 kcal/mole, respectively. The mitochondria were kept at 3 degrees C for 48 h. During this period there was an accumulation of fatty acids. The rate of the process in the mitochondria of hyperthyroid animals was several times than that in the control ones. This indicates the activation of mitochondrial phospholipase by the liver in hyperthyrosis. The increased mitochondrial phospholipase activity seen in hyperthyrosis is assumed to be determined by changes in the physical properties of lipid membranes. PMID- 7225550 TI - [Accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and suppression of the retinal electrical activity of vitamin E deficient rats exposed to high intensity light]. AB - Induction of alimentary vitamin E deficiency in rats is accompanied by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the retina in vivo and by reduction of the magnitude of electroretinogram waves. Photodamage to the retina caused by the action of light of high intensity (10 000 lx for 3.5 h) is more pronounced in vitamin E deficient animals than in control rats fed standard laboratory chow. The exposure of rats to the light of high intensity results in accumulation of lipid peroxides, the magnitude of which is far greater in vitamin E deficient animals than in controls. The photodamage process is reversible and by the end of the 14th day after exposure to light the content of lipid peroxidation products in the retina and its electric activity are close to the values found in controls. PMID- 7225551 TI - [Changes in the concentration of 3H-thymidine in the DNA of liver and skin cells after administration of syngeneic tissue extracts]. AB - Autoradiography was used to show that twofold intravenous injection of liver extracts from CC57 white mice resulted in stimulation of primary incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA of liver cells whilst injection of extracts of skin cells entailed stimulation of 3H-thymidine incorporation into epidermal skin cells of syngeneic recipients. PMID- 7225552 TI - [Selective inhibition of type A monoamine oxidase by pyrazidol]. AB - Effect of a new antidepressant pyrazidol (1,10-trimethylene-8-methyl-1,2,3,4 tetrahydropyrazino /1,2-/ indole) on the liver and brain MAO activity of rats was studied in experiments in vivo and in vitro. Pyrazidol selectively blocks type A MAO (the substrates serotonin and noradrenaline) and does not virtually affect or has a far less action on type B MAO (the substrate 2-phenylethylamine). PMID- 7225553 TI - [Changes in the morphofunctional status of the capillary system of the cerebral cortex in cats exposed to adrenergic stimulation while prostaglandin biosynthesis is inhibited]. AB - Experiments were made in cats to study the morphological and functional state of the capillary system of the brain in response to adrenaline administration and stimulation of the sympathetic cervical nerve under conditions of prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibition. In the presence of indomethacin administration there occurs potentiation of the vasoconstrictor effect of noradrenaline as well as of stimulation of the sympathetic nerve although to a less extent. It is assumed that the effect of exo- and endogenous noradrenaline on cerebral microcirculation is related to a definite measure to prostaglandin endogenous biosynthesis whose inhibition may lead to potentiation of the adrenergic effects thereby creating a risk of cerebrovascular spasms. Evidence for adrenergic control at the level of the capillary system of the cerebral cortex is discussed. PMID- 7225554 TI - [Effect of mebikar on focal epileptic activity]. AB - Effect of mebicar on the epileptic activity (EA) and frequency of interepileptic activity discharges (IEAD) was studied in experimental focal cortical epilepsy induced by penicillin application to the sensomotor cortex of conscious rats. Mebicar in a dose of 300--100 mg/kg induced a dose-dependent suppression of EA in the presence of the increased frequency of IEAD. During rhythmic stimulation of some areas of the thalamus mebicar completely abolished high-frequency EA, promoting consecutive alternating on the electrocorticogram of periods of responses to each stimulus with dead bands. The antiepileptic effect of mebicar was compared with that of diazepam in the similar model of epilepsy. It is suggested that the action of mebicar on the focus of epileptic activity in the cerebral cortex is related to the potentiation of synaptic inhibition of the neurons in the focus of epileptic activity. PMID- 7225555 TI - [Effect of ampicillin and oxacillin on fetal and neonatal development]. AB - Ampicillin administration during pregnancy exerted no toxic effect on the developing fetus. However, it decreased the body weight of the progeny and the weight of the placenta. Oxacillin had an adverse effect on the pregnancy, labor, fetus and newborn. It is inferred that ampicillin can be used for treatment purposes at any time of the pregnancy whilst oxacillin administration might involve a high risk for the mother, fetus and newborn. PMID- 7225556 TI - [Certain biochemical and behavioral effects of morphine in rats following amyzil administration]. AB - Motional excitement (ME), dopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) content in the caudate nucleus of rats who were injected with morphine in doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally after amyzil (40 mg/kg) given via the same route were studied to clarify the character of the action of narcotic analgetics on animals' behavior and DAN metabolism under conditions of imbalance between the cholinergic and dopaminergic neuromediator systems of the striatum, induced by central cholinolytics. Amyzil injection was shown to lower HVA level with no changes in DA content (the mediator turnover rate seems to decrease) and to start ME. Under these conditions morphine, in the presence of the induced imbalance of the mediator systems, exhibits a correcting action, elevating HVA level and apparently speeding DA turnover. The biochemical shifts described are accompanied by ME abolition. Possible mechanisms of the action of narcotic analgetics on dopaminergic mediation in the striatum are discussed. PMID- 7225557 TI - [Effect of sublethal pretransplantation irradiation on the growth of syngeneic tumors in newborn mice]. AB - Subcutaneous transplants of hepatoma and ovarian carcinoma strains grew slower in a group of newborn mice preirradiated with a sublethal dose of 750 R as compared with groups of intact newborn and adult animals. Sublethal preirradiation of adult mice in a dose of 600 R produced no steady effect on the subsequent growth of the tumors. PMID- 7225558 TI - [Combined effect of an Ehrlich ascites tumor growth-inhibiting extract and adrenaline on cell division by that tumor in vitro]. AB - It has been shown that both Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) growth inhibition extract and adrenaline exert a pronounced inhibitory effect on cell division of this carcinoma in vitro. As a result of administering the extract in doses of 0.5 and 1 ml/per sample this effect lasted one and two hours, respectively, while with adrenaline (2.5 micrograms/ml) this effect lasted three hours with subsequent normalization of the mitotic index. Addition of adrenaline to the samples containing the extract was followed by the enhancement and prolongation of the inhibitory effect: at doses of the extract 0.5 and 1 ml the inhibition persisted 2 and 4 hours, respectively. The action of the extract with adrenaline was reversible. The data obtained indicate that despite the fact that mitosis inhibiting activity of the EAC cell extract may be manifest in the absence of adrenaline, the latter affects the pattern of the extract action. PMID- 7225559 TI - [Dynamics of autoimmune antibodies in the process of transplantable tumor growth in mice]. AB - Effect of the growth of syngeneic tumor transplant on the appearance of antibodies was studied with the use of two mouse strains and four tumors (cervical carcinoma and 3 teratoblastoid tumors). 8--12 days after tumor inoculation the sera from some recipients contained antibodies which reacted with red cells from syngeneic animals as shown by Coomb's indirect test. During tumor growth the frequency of positive reactions decreased. When all the recipients developed palpable tumors, autoantibodies in sera were an extreme rarity. An inverse correlation between the appearance of palpable tumors and the presence of autoantibodies was statistically significant in 3 of 4 experiments. Possible anti H-2-specificity of these antibodies and application of the autoimmune test for prediction of clinically undetectable tumor relapses are postulated. PMID- 7225560 TI - [Effect of certain chemicals on DNA synthesis and distribution in human transplantable gastrointestinal tumors]. AB - beta-Spectrophotometry and cytophotometry were used to study the effect of 8 chemopreparations on the synthesis and distribution of DNA in human strains of colonic carcinoma (CC-I and CC-II), gastric carcinoma (GC) and liver carcinoma (LC) transplanted to thymectomized mice. Irrespective of no distinct correlation between clinical manifestations of the action of chemopreparations estimated from the tumor size in mice and the number and distribution pattern of DNA, the change in the latter two parameters indicates the tumor response to the chemopreparation. PMID- 7225561 TI - [Absorption of 1 alpha, 2 alpha-3H(n)-testosterone and 4-140-estradiol by reproductive tract primordia of rabbit embryos in vitro]. AB - The time course of uptake of testosterone-1 alpha, 2 alpha-3H (n) and (4-14C) estradiol by homologous tissue rudiments of the developing reproductive system of rabbit embryos of both sexes was studied in in-vitro experiments from the 18th till the 25th day of development. It was found that the same rudiments of the target organs of the embryos of both sexes are capable of uptaking both hormones. At the "crucial" moment of sexual differentiation (on the 21st day) the uptake of both hormones in the genital tubercle and in the urogenital sinus was greater in female embryos than in male ones. In males, the uptake of androgen was higher than that of estrogen. At the same time the uptake of testosterone-1 alpha, 2 alpha-3H(n) by the genital ducts was higher in male embryos than in female ones. PMID- 7225563 TI - [Self-maintenance of embryonic migrating hematopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 7225562 TI - [Characteristics of the relationship between the circadian rhythm of the concentrations of corticosteroids and their precursors in the blood of baboon hamadryas and the initial functional state of the pituitary-adrenal cortex system]. AB - The occurrence of a single-phase circadian rhythm in the content of cortisole, 11 deoxycortisole, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, pregnenolone and progesterone in the blood plasma of hamadryas baboons was established by radioimmunoassay with peak levels early in the morning and minimum ones in the evening. The time course of changes in aldosterone levels in the intact animals significantly differs from that in the adapted ones. The maintenance of animals under other ecological conditions results in the decreased levels of all steroids studied and in significant changes in circadian rhythms of the content of cortisol precursors. PMID- 7225564 TI - [Quantitative ultrastructural characteristics of the myocardial mitochondria of hypokinetic rats]. AB - Experiments on rats under 30-day hypokinesia have shown an increase in the mitochondrial area in perinuclear, myofibrillar and subsarcolemmal zones of the cardiomyocyte pericaryon, accompanied by a concurrent rise in the number of crests. The crest density index and the amount of mitochondria in te pericaryon diminish. These changes are considered as compensatory-adaptive reconstitution of hypertrophic nature in response to partial destruction of mitochondria. During the observation period this reconstitution is not completed and thus underlies the decreased contractility and functional reserves of the heart in hypokinesia. PMID- 7225566 TI - [Ultrastructure of the gastric endocrine cells of hungry and fed sexually immature rats]. AB - Six types of endocrine cells (G, D, D1, EC, ECL and A-like) were identified in gastric mucosa of immature rats by electron microscopy. They differ in the structure, way of formation, maturation and release of their secretory granules. They are also distinguished by the degree of the development of other cytoplasmic structures. Feeding after a long-term (48 h) starvation causes changes in te size and density of activation of the synthetic processes. These facts indicate the role of the above cell and their products (gastrin, histamine) in the stimulation of gastric secretion in the early stages of digestion. PMID- 7225565 TI - [Pathomorphologic changes in the testes of rats fed gamma ray irradiated products]. AB - A study was made of morphological changes in the testes of 120 rats fed for 20 months only food exposed to gamma-rays. Pronounced alterative-dystrophic disorders up to foci of coagulation necrosis and aspermatogenesis as well as compensatory-adaptation processes such as proliferation of Leydig cells were found. A direct correlation was disclosed between the severity of structural alterations in the testes and the dose of gamma-rays to which the products used for animals' feeding had been exposed. A suggestion is made about the autoimmune mechanism of structural alterations discovered. PMID- 7225567 TI - [Technic of optical mixing spectroscopy in the diagnosis of blood microcirculations]. AB - Optical mixing spectroscopy was used to measure the correlation function of helium-neon laser light (wavelength 0.633 micron) scattered in the finger skin. The mean blood flow velocity was evaluated from the data obtained. It was shown that application of the method to the diagnosis of blood microcirculations demands that vascular reactions of laser light be taken into consideration. In most cases the mean blood velocity was observed to rise 1.5-3-fold within the first-second minute of irradiation at 0.6 W/cm2. PMID- 7225568 TI - [Fluorescence probe analysis of plasma lipoprotein levels]. AB - A method was derived for quantitative determination of the content of lipoproteins belonging to different classes with a fluorescent dye, 1 anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate. The method suggested is simple and highly sensitive, it allows one to measure plasma lipoprotein concentrations in man and in different animal species including rabbits with alimentary hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7225570 TI - Eosinophil autofluorescence and its use in isolation and analysis of human eosinophils using flow microfluorometry. AB - Unstained human eosinophils exhibit unusually bright autofluorescence, which allows them to be distinguished from other leukocytes using fluorescence microscopy. Eosinophil fluorescence is associated with the cytoplasmic granules of the cells. Eosinophil granule extracts, containing an as-yet-undefined eosinophil fluorescence factor, exhibited excitation maxima at 370 nm and 450 nm, with maximum emission at 520 nm. Eosinophils adhering to opsonized parasites in vitro deposit fluorescent material onto the parasite surface. Eosinophil fluorescence was of sufficient intensity to allow the preparation of viable, highly enriched (greater than or equal to 98%), eosinophil suspensions from peripheral blood of normal and eosinophilic donors using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Quantitative studies of eosinophil autofluorescence were performed using flow microfluorometry. Fluorescence intensity of blood eosinophils from normal volunteers and eosinophilic patients varied inversely with the log of the donor's absolute eosinophil count regardless of clinical diagnosis. PMID- 7225569 TI - [Feasibility of maintaining the structure and amount of DNA in nuclei of different cells during acid hydrolysis]. AB - Effects of different types of fixation on preservation of DNA structure and amount in human leukocyte and chicken red blood cell nuclei stained according to Feulgen were studied. Regardless of hydrolysis conditions (5N HCl, 22 and 37 degrees C) the best results were obtained with use of a 95% ethanol-glacial acetic acid mixture (3:1) containing 2% of formaldehyde characterized by its independence on the fixation duration (other fixatives require the selection of the optimal fixation time), a satisfactory preservation of the native nuclear shape and of the chromatin structure, and by its ability to fix the maximal amount of reactable, aldehyde groups within DNP during a long period of time. In ethanol fixation, addition to the hydrolyzing solution of 20% of polyethylene glycol 6000 results in a stable plateau on the hydrolysis curve and in an increase of DNA-fuchsin amount by 5-32%. PMID- 7225571 TI - Corticosteroid effect on murine hemopoietic precursor cells in vivo. AB - The effect of methylprednisolone on murine hemopoietic colony formation in diffusion chambers implanted in mice was evaluated. A dose-dependent increase in granulocytic colony (CFU-DG) formation from murine marrow was observed. This effect could be abrogated by administration of progesterone. These studies suggest that the murine early granulocytic precursors (CFU-DG) have receptors that mediate proliferation-promoting signals triggered by glucocorticoids. Erythroid colony formation (CFU-DE) was not effected by methylprednisolone administration. PMID- 7225572 TI - Quantitative aspects of bilirubin metabolism for hematologists. AB - Techniques now available for the study of plasma disappearance kinetics of isotopically labeled unconjugated bilirubin have led to new insights into the factors that determine the plasma unconjugated bilirubin concentration (BR). This variable can be shown to depend in turn on five other parameters: the total circulating red cell volume (TRVC), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), the mean red cell lifespan (RBCLS), plasma volume (PV), and the hepatic extraction coefficient for unconjugated bilirubin (ke). Of these, three clearly relect varying aspects of erythrokinetics and red cell physiology, while only one is reflective of liver function. It is not surprising, therefore, that knowledgeable interpretations of measurements of the plasma unconjugated bilirubin concentration can provide substantial information of value to the clinical hematologist. In particular, such interpretations can increase the sensitivity of these measurements as a screening test for the presence of hemolysis and provide the earliest indication of changes in red cell survival, as may occur during the therapy of various acquired hemolytic anemias. Furthermore, an understanding of the physiology of bilirubin in plasma substantially enhances the ability of the physician to categorize individual cases of hyperbilirubinemia as being due to hepatic dysfunction, hemolysis, or some combination of both. PMID- 7225573 TI - Uptake and metabolism of noradrenaline by blood vessels of perinephritic hypertensive dogs. AB - Tissue noradrenaline content as well as uptake and metabolism of tritiated exogenous noradrenaline were studied comparatively, in vitro in mesenteric arteries, and in saphenous veins of normotensive and perinephritic hypertensive dogs. The influence of cocaine, iproniazid and 3'-4'-dihydroxy-2-methyl propiophenone (U-0521) on these variables was also investigated. The concentration of (-)-7-3H-noradrenaline used was 1.08 microM. No changes were observed in noradrenaline content, uptake and metabolism in saphenous vein strips obtained from normotensive or hypertensive animals. However, in mesenteric artery strips obtained from hypertensive dogs, a marked reduction in endogenous noradrenaline content was observed as well as a reduction in noradrenaline accumulation (20 weeks after surgery). The deamination pattern was also modified in these strips: the formation of DOPEG was markedly diminished and the formation of DOMA was increased. These results agree well with the degeneration of the sympathetic innervation of the mesenteric arteries of hypertensive dogs described by Azevedo et al. (1981). PMID- 7225574 TI - Ultrastructural changes in blood vessels of perinephritic hypertensive dogs. AB - Mesenteric arteries and saphenous veins of control and perinephritic hypertensive dogs were studied with light and electron microscopy. 2 weeks after surgery there are ultrastructural changes, both in arteries and veins which are thought to be of hydroelectrolytic origin. These alterations are more marked 7 weeks after surgery and disappear thereafter. There are signs of increased protein synthesis activity in the smooth muscle of the mesenteric arteries, but not of the saphenous veins obtained 7 and 14 weeks after surgery, leading to a progressive hypertrophy of the muscular cells. The connective tissue augmented proportionally. Degeneration of adrenergic nerves in the arteries, accompanied by a parallel decrease in their noradrenaline content, constituted an unexpected finding clearly deserving further study. PMID- 7225575 TI - Differential effects of D 600 on contractile response of aorta and portal vein from spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - To examine if Ca handling by vascular smooth muscles is altered in hypertension, the in vitro effect of D 600 was determined on noradrenaline-induced contractions of aortic and portal vein strips from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY). In low (0.2 and 0.4 mM) Ca solutions, D 600 reduced the response to noradrenaline to a greater extent in aortic strips from SHR than in strips from WKY. In contrast, D 600 had less effect on the response to noradrenaline in portal vein strips from SHR than in strips from WKY in both normal and low Ca. Thus, portal veins from SHR are less dependent on external Ca compared to portal veins from WKY whereas aortae from SHR are more dependent on external Ca compared to aortae from WKY. PMID- 7225577 TI - Effect of increased luminal blood flow on the development of the human arterial wall. Comparison of mechanical properties of double and single umbilical arteries in vitro. PMID- 7225576 TI - In vitro model of maintained myogenic vascular tone. PMID- 7225578 TI - Neuroeffector function of isolated portal vein from spontaneously hypertensive and wistar-kyoto rats: dependence on external calcium concentration. AB - The calcium dependence of the vascular neuroeffector function has been studied in the portal vein of spontaneously hypertensive Okamoto rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The noradrenaline (NA) sensitivity of veins of both species, expressed in terms of ED50, was decreased to the same extent in relation to the reduction in Ca2+ ion concentration below 2.5 mM. The responses to individual NA concentrations at subnormal Ca2+ concentrations were better maintained, however, in portal veins from SHR than from WKY, indicating that the excitation contraction coupling mechanism is less dependent on external Ca2+ concentrations in the portal vein from SHR than from WKY. In both strains of rats the spontaneous myogenic activity of the vessel was depressed in low Ca2+ concentrations to a greater extent than responses to nerve stimulation, which, in turn, were more reduced than the excitatory responses to exogenous NA or acetylcholine (ACh). Transmitter release (fractional overflow of 3H-NA/impulse) was less dependent on Ca2+ concentrations than the contractile nerve stimulation response. The persistence of all responses in reduced Ca2+ concentrations was significantly greater in the portal vein of SHR. It is concluded that the phasic, spontaneously active smooth muscle of the rat portal vein is highly dependent on the external calcium concentration and that various induced responses persist to a varying degree in reduced Ca2+ concentrations. It is suggested that this is due to interference with electromechanical coupling as well as myogenic spread of activation. Induced responses of the portal vein from SHR are, in general, less affected by decreased Ca2+ concentrations than the WKY portal vein, indicating an altered vascular smooth muscle excitation-contraction coupling mechanism in spontaneous hypertension. Possibly an increased efficiency of the coupling mechanism may contribute to augment vascular responses in the development of hypertension and promote structural vascular changes. PMID- 7225579 TI - Sideroblastic anemia and development of leukemia. PMID- 7225580 TI - [Antithrombin III: reference values found with a chromogenic substrate (chromozym TH) (author's transl)]. AB - A new kinetic assay for antithrombin III (heparin-cofactor) in plasma was used to determine reference values. Ranges of 10--15 IU/ml at 25 degrees C and 20--29 IU/ml at 37 degrees C were found for a reference population of 219 men and 204 women 15--93 years of age. There was no evidence that these values vary with age or sex, nor was there any difference between pre- and postprandial antithrombin activities, or between smokers' and non-smokers' values. None of the illnesses present in the reference population nor any related drug therapy affected the antithrombin III level, and there was no statistically significant difference between the values for women taking oral contraceptives and those who did not. However, this latter observation does not preclude the possibility of individual variation. PMID- 7225582 TI - The right to refuse treatment and the abolition of involuntary hospitalization of the mentally ill. PMID- 7225581 TI - Spontaneous lymphocyte transformation in relation to the number of circulating lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Spontaneous lymphocyte transformation in relation to the number of circulating lymphocytes was studied in 54 patients with active Hodgkin's disease. Increased spontaneous DNA synthesis by peripheral lymphocytes was found in 83% of the cases studied. However, no difference was found in comparing a group of lymphopenic patients (less than 1,500 lymphocytes/microliter) to a group with normal lymphocyte count (greater than 1,500 lymphocytes/microliter). Implications of these findings are discussed PMID- 7225583 TI - Childhood antecedents of aggressive behaviors in male psychiatric patients. PMID- 7225584 TI - The prostitution of forensic psychiatry in the Soviet Union. PMID- 7225585 TI - Recidivism among treated criminal psychiatric patients. PMID- 7225586 TI - Delivering community mental health services to a county jail population: a research note. PMID- 7225587 TI - Rights of ex-patients in the community: the next frontier. PMID- 7225588 TI - Involuntary commitment and the treatment process: a clinical perspective. AB - The serious question of involuntary hospitalization at this point in history is properly referred to due process in court. While numerous studies have addressed the decisions, statistics and outcomes in this area, insufficient attention has been paid to how the clinician may productively incorporate the clinical experience mobilized by the procedure into the therapeutic work. The authors suggest that the issues raised include maintenance of the alliance, responsibility, dependence, limit-setting, the subjective experience of the process, and the problem of counter-transference. They indicate how the various aspects of commitment may be explored aso as to yield maximal therapeutic benefit, and maintain the alliance during the conflicts of an adversary procedure. PMID- 7225589 TI - The insanity defense in Illinois -- a psychiatric perspective. PMID- 7225590 TI - The issue of custody in psychotherapy: its changing therapeutic and legal parameters. AB - The changing roles of parents within families have led to an increasingly frequent re-examination of custody arrangements. Mothers are awarded custody only after more critical scrutiny and in a less summary fashion. Moreover, fathers may now seek custody of their children in circumstances which are either mundane or less indicative of a catastrophic degree of maternal inadequacy. Likewise, fathers are seeking either joint or individual custody of children on a more routine basis. In this context, the psychiatrist is forced to re-examine his own biases regarding assumption of custody, and to help his patients work within these new social-legal frameworks. These issues are explored in the context of three cases where the individuals were seen in on-going psychotherapy, and both psychiatrist and patient were forced to confront these changing emotional, social and legal parameters. PMID- 7225591 TI - Modernization of a mental health act: I. Commitment patterns. PMID- 7225592 TI - Civil commitment of American Indians. PMID- 7225593 TI - The decision-making system and process. PMID- 7225595 TI - A brief medical survey of decision-making theory. PMID- 7225594 TI - Judgement and decision in oncology. PMID- 7225596 TI - Observer errors in assessing tumour size from liver scans. AB - Examination of liver scans is a component in the study of hepatic cancer, with changes in the size of perfusion defects attributed progression or regression of the disease. The experiment reported below involved a group of experienced oncologists examining a set of actual liver scans. Estimated probabilities of misclassification of the different types were calculated and were found to be of rather disturbing extent. For example, erroneous attribution of progression (or regression) at the 50 percent level was found to occur at estimated probabilities of 0.23 and 0.37 in the two cases when a single investigator examined a scan on two occasions, or different investigators investigated the scan, respectively. Results from the study will be discussed in some detail and the influence of unjustified round-off of measured values examined as a major factor in producing misclassification. PMID- 7225597 TI - Evaluation of computed tomography in pancreatic cancer. AB - A study of the clinical efficacy of computed body tomography (CBT) is ongoing at the Massachusetts General Hospital. This study attempts to measure the contribution of CBT to diagnostic understanding, the use of other diagnostic tests, and the choice of therapy. During the first nineteen months of the study, 185 patients were examined on the pancreas protocol, a number approximating 30 per cent of all patients in the study. Physicians have some suspicion of pancreatic cancer in nearly all patients examined on the pancreas protocol. CBT improved the physician's diagnostic understanding in 54 per cent of patients examined on the pancreas protocol and contributed to a change in therapy in 18 per cent. CBT also contributed to a net reduction of 54 per cent in the number of angiograms performed compared to the number planned prior to CBT examination. In a subset of seventy-three patients, a definitive diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, inflammation, or normal pancreas was reached in each case. For patients with inflammation, CBT was 1.5 times as likely to increase as to decrease the physician's estimate of the correct diagnosis; for cancer patients CBT was 3.5 times as likely to aid as to mislead the physician; for patients with a normal pancreas, CBT was 6 times as likely to help as to hinder correct diagnosis. CBT can be a valuable aid to the diagnosis and treatment of patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer, but the physician should interpret its results in the light of all available clinical information. PMID- 7225598 TI - Decision trees: construction, uses, and limits. AB - Decision trees are models of the temporal and logical flow of clinical problems. Their purpose is to help the physician choose a clinical management strategy that offers the greatest expected value for the patient. Decision trees help answer questions such as:"should a risky diagnostic test be performed?" "Given our present knowledge, which of several available treatments is best for this patient?" "What are the expected benefits, risks, and financial costs of pursuing different stages of patient care?" Decision trees do not create new information, but they can provide new insights based on existing information. The principles of analyzing a clinical situation from a decision analytic perspective and of constructing and using a decision tree are illustrated with three clinical examples: a patient with possible urinary tract infection, a young man with Hodgkin's disease, and patients with chronic progressive liver failure. We present a simplified quantitative analysis to determine whether the patient with Hodgkin's disease should undergo a staging laparotomy. The last example serves as a prelude to R. Fuhrer's discussion of the expected value of test information. Following R. Fuhrer's presentation, we discuss some of the objections and advantages to medical decision analysis. Despite its limitations we believe decision analysis can be a powerful aid to medical practitioners. PMID- 7225599 TI - The expected value of clinical information. AB - When and how should a physician determine whether to obtain additional clinical information, or whether to start a treatment in view of the information available to him? The concept of the expected value of clinical information can assist the physician in arriving at this decision. Expected value of clinical information is defined as "the difference between the outcome rate (e.g. death rate or survival rate) when the treatment decision must be made without the test information and the outcome rate when the decision can be made contingent upon the test result." We will utilize the decision problem already presented by H.V. Fineberg for patients with chronic progressive liver failure to illustrate this concept, its calculation, and its relationship to factors such as risk associated with the test procedure, sensitivity and specificity of the test, and prevalence of the disease(s) in the population. Usually, "performing a test to gain additional information is worthwhile if at least one decision would change given some test results, and the intrinsic risk of using the test is less than the expected benefit gained from the subsequent change in decision." We will than briefly introduce the subject of sensitivity analysis to illustrate the interrelationship of these different factors upon the decision. PMID- 7225600 TI - Early diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer. AB - The earlier a gastro-intestinal cancer is treated the better will be the prospects of cure for the patient. It is therefore important to study the early clinical stages of the pathway which leads to the diagnosis of gastro-intestinal cancer in order to make this pathway short and quick. This paper identifies the delays which happen before the symptomatic patient sees the specialist and before the diagnosis is confirmed. If these delays were reduced the early cancers would be treated earlier and with greater prospect of success. It is suggested that research centred on patients referred to hospital is unlikely to greatly improve the survival rates of patients with gastro-intestinal cancers. If the research resources deployed in primary care on the study of symptoms were to match those centred on hospitals, successful treatment would be more likely. PMID- 7225601 TI - Knowledge acquisition in oncology from randomized therapeutic trials. AB - Appreciating the impact, on the progress of our knowledge, of randomized therapeutic trials performed over a period of thirty years leads to a two-fold approach: a) Drawing up the list of randomized trials and assessing the impact of their conclusions on the progress of our knowledge and on the improvement of standard therapy; b) from recognised progress in oncology, appraising the part played by randomized trials in the acquisition of that knowledge. PMID- 7225602 TI - Therapeutic strategies in multiple myeloma. AB - In the past decade a number of single agents and combinations of drugs have been introduced in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. In this paper special attention is directed to the analysis of prognostic factors and the identification of subgroups at the time of diagnosis, stable plateau phase following induction and at the time of relapse. A comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma is presented. PMID- 7225603 TI - Prognostic classification and choice of treatment in operated breast cancers. Contribution of an (AID 3) multivariate analysis. PMID- 7225605 TI - [Therapeutic failures in early stages of Hodgkin's disease : causes and prevention (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study of 65 patients with Hodgkin's disease (clinical stage I: 11 cases; stage II: 54 cases) included an analysis of the causes of therapy failure. Twenty-five of the 65 patients had been treated by regional irradiation (thoracic mantle or inverted Y field) restricted to only one side of the diaphragm; 27 patients had received the same irradiation followed by chemotherapy (MOPP). The subjects were irradiated on both sides of the diaphragm; 3 of these had received the same radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy (MOPP). Relapses in the irradiated fields were rare. Relapses in the areas bordering the irradiated fields were definitely the result of faulty delivery. Better evaluation of the precise extent of the disease, particularly by laparotomy, would lead to improved initial treatment (radio- or chemotherapy). The availability of improved irradiation techniques and a better choice of indications, particularly concerning the timing for chemotherapy, should result in maximal reduction of therapeutic failures in the early stages of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7225606 TI - [Metalloporphyrin study in experimental carcinology (author's transl)]. AB - Antitumoral effects and intratumoral concentrations of a metalloporphyrin were studied in mice with solid chemo-induced or transplanted tumors. The synthesis of this molecule was realised both with a stable metal (TPPS4SnCl2) (TPPS4InCl) and a radioactive metal (TPPS4(113)SnCl2) (TPPS4(111)InCl). The metal is introduced into the tetrapyrollic structure to give this molecule very high stability. The effect of the stable metalloporphyrin on tumoral kinetic parameters was analyzed. No tumoral regression was observed during the various experimental procedures. Even though radioactive molecules were found in the tumours, they were also present as high concentrations in the liver, spleen and kidneys, more than 72 hours after injection. Results are compared with those of various authors who used a molecule without metal, levels being measured by fluorescence in various organs and in the tumors. The interest of this metalled molecule in carcinology is discussed in relation to these new results. PMID- 7225604 TI - [Palliative chemotherapy of adult soft tissue sarcomas with an association of cyclophosphamide-vincristine-adriamycine-dacarbazine (CYVADIC) (author's transl)]. AB - From January 1976 to December 1979, 23 adults with advanced soft tissue sarcomas were treated with palliative chemotherapy associating cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin and dacarbazine (CYVADIC) according to two different schema administered successively. A higher than 50 per cent rate of tumoral response was observed in 52 per cent of cases with 13 per cent complete remissions. Median survival was 14 months in patients who responded to treatment, and 4 months in non-responders (p less than 0,01). Side effects were severe however, and it was necessary to discontinue treatment in 5 patients, and modify dosage in 9 other patients. The CYVADIC protocol is effective but requires some modifications to improve tolerance. PMID- 7225607 TI - [Absence of effect of ethanol and apple brandy on the upper digestive tract and esophagus of the Wistar rat. Part of a research project to assess etiological factors of cancer of the esophagus in the west of France (author's transl)]. AB - Epidemiological studies have shown the role of alcohol in esophageal cancer in the West of France. Experiments were undertaken on Wistar rats to study the effect of locally consumed alcoholic beverages on the esophagus. Neither histological modifications, precancerous lesions nor cancer were observed in the animals. There was no significant excess of benign or malignant tumours in treated animals when compared with controls. PMID- 7225608 TI - [Cutaneous manifestations of graft versus host disease (author's transl)]. AB - Skin is a target organ for Graft v Host Reaction (GvHR). Cutaneous changes sometimes are the first symptoms for GvHR. They offer the opportunity for its early recognition. They include: -- A primarily acute phase, as red maculopapular rash, on face, palms and soles, which can spread over large areas, resembling scarlatiniform rash. Some courses have resulted in severe epidermal necrolysis similar to Lyell syndrome. -- A chronic phase, described with a variable time of onset after the acute episode. Two stages have been recognised: -- the early chronic phase has a clinical and histological picture similar to Lichen Planus, a frequent dermatosis which is thought to be the result of a chronic immune injury against epidermis. As early phase is fading, an atrophic aspect of the skin may develop, whose severe type is described as Poikiloderma. -- The late chronic phase, in which densification of dermal collagen is become the essential features. In some patients, sclerotic changes develop, which are resembling to scleroderma ones. The cutaneous manifestations of GvH Disease can be responsible for considerable morbidity, mortality and sequelles. They may serve as a biological model for several skin diseases. PMID- 7225609 TI - [7th meeting on retrovirus. Abstracts]. PMID- 7225610 TI - Reproducibility of a life-cycle toxicity test with Daphnia magna. PMID- 7225611 TI - Identification and determination of asulam and related degradation products in soil. PMID- 7225612 TI - Effects of dichlorprop and mecoprop on respiration and transformation of nitrogen in two soils. PMID- 7225613 TI - Analysis and incidence of organophosphorus compounds in sewage sludges. PMID- 7225614 TI - Heavy metals in Mercenaria mercenaria and sediments from the New Bedford harbor region of Buzzard's Bay, Massachusetts. PMID- 7225615 TI - Human exposure to environmental trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene: preliminary data on population groups of Milan, Italy. PMID- 7225616 TI - Effects of pentachlorophenol on field- and laboratory-developed estuarine benthic communities. PMID- 7225617 TI - A field study of the chemical degradation of paraquat dichloride following simulated spillage on soil. PMID- 7225618 TI - A rapid and easy method to introduce Daphnia magna into test vessels. PMID- 7225619 TI - Carbon monoxide contamination in dwellings in poor rural areas of Guatemala. PMID- 7225620 TI - Acclimation of activated sludge to dye. PMID- 7225621 TI - Subchronic study of a mixture of inorganic substances present in the Great Lakes ecosystem in male and female rats. PMID- 7225622 TI - Concentrations of elements in a marine food chain cultured in sewage wastewater. PMID- 7225623 TI - Distribution of environmental pollutants in pet animals. VI. Heavy metals in hair of house-dogs. PMID- 7225624 TI - Deoxygenation of water following use of the herbicide terbutryn simulated in a batch culture system. PMID- 7225625 TI - Whole organism 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a potential application in aquatic toxicity evaluations. PMID- 7225626 TI - Glutathione peroxidase response in tissues of rats fed diets containing fish protein concentrate prepared from shark flesh of known mercury and selenium contents. PMID- 7225627 TI - Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol in a simulated aquatic environment. PMID- 7225628 TI - Effects of Roundup herbicide on diatom populations in the aquatic environment of a coastal forest. PMID- 7225629 TI - A one-step derivatization procedure for several carbamate pesticides. PMID- 7225630 TI - Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the pathogenesis of the flaccid lung syndrome. PMID- 7225632 TI - Pathophysiological interpretation of kinetic constants of protease inhibitors. PMID- 7225631 TI - Lung scleroproteins in young and adult rat and in rat with spontaneous emphysema: comparative study by biochemical and histochemical approach. PMID- 7225633 TI - A radioimmunoassay for a granulocyte protein as a marker in studies on the turnover of such cells. PMID- 7225634 TI - Lung toxicity of some atmospheric pollutants. PMID- 7225635 TI - Intrathoracic airway mechanics in patients with emphysema. PMID- 7225636 TI - Lung elastin content in normal and emphysematous lungs. PMID- 7225637 TI - The measurement of elastin turnover by the radioimmunoassay of urinary desmosine excretion. PMID- 7225638 TI - Measurement of elastin degradation in vivo by desmosine radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7225640 TI - Global stability of population models. PMID- 7225641 TI - Uncertainty in physiology and physics. PMID- 7225639 TI - Biochemical measurement of lung connective tissue. PMID- 7225642 TI - A hydrodynamical study of the flow in renal tubules. PMID- 7225643 TI - Some comments on the conductance of slow inward current in cardiac muscle. PMID- 7225644 TI - Prediction of the effect of the choroidal circulation on the retinal temperature during illumination. PMID- 7225645 TI - Use of environmental aids by adults with severe sensorineural hearing loss-an exploratory study. AB - In the course of a study to investigate the effect of severe hearing loss on family life it became apparent that many of the difficulties encountered could have been alleviated by the acquisition or better use of appropriate environmental aids. In some cases the problems were practical and in others social or psychological in nature. This paper consists of a detailed examination of such problems and discusses ways in which environmental aids could improve the quality of life for hearing impaired persons and their families. PMID- 7225646 TI - The present state of hearing-aid use in three schools for the hearing impaired in Britain. AB - The present state of hearing-aid use in three schools for the hearing impaired in Britain was investigated by comparing the hearing threshold measured with a hearing-aid earphone whose output sound pressure level was calibrated in a 2-cm3 coupler to the hearing-aid output with all the controls set to the position at which they were regularly used. The results showed that the amplification level of hearing aids was considerably less that that expected from hearing thresholds. It was only in the group with hearing thresholds less that 80 dB SPL that the hearing-aid outputs exceeded 20-30 dB SPL above their hearing thresholds. In the group with hearing loss more than 100 dB SPL, 40% of the ears were getting no functional amplification even at frequencies below 1000 Hz. PMID- 7225647 TI - Normal pure tone thresholds for hearing by bone conduction. AB - Reference equivalent thresholds on a Bruel and Kjaer artificial mastoid have been obtained from bone conduction measurements made on a group of otologically normal listeners. The results are compared with other recent work. Various methods of presenting reference thresholds are discussed. A new method for masking the non test ear is described. PMID- 7225648 TI - Oral chemotherapy in tinnitus. AB - A double-blind triple cross-over trial was designed for 21 patients suffering from tinnitus; mexiletine, diazapam, betahistine and placebo were taken each for a month sequentially during which time the patients recorded their tinnitus loudness subjectively on a visual analogue scale. The results showed that these medications did not influence the tinnitus loudness. Since mexiletine is an oral analogue of lignocaine and a cardiovascular drug, any untoward cardiovascular history and clinical finding disqualified such patients from the trial. Twenty one such patients were rejected from an original group of 42 patients. In a volunteer trial mexiletine unrelated to this, it was reported that a vasovagal attack was suffered by someone who had just consumed 400 mg mexiletine orally. After ethical considerations the tinnitus trial was stopped. Eleven patients completed the cycle of medications, 10 did not. The dangers of using a cardiovascular drug for a non-cardiovascular condition is thus exposed. PMID- 7225649 TI - Evaluation of binaural hearing aids in children using localization and speech intelligibility tasks. AB - Because of an assumed relationship between localization and speech intelligibility in noise it has been suggested that a localization test provides a suitable measure for the evaluation of binaural aids in everyday situations. The present study shows a significant correlation (a) between binaural advantage in a localization task and the binaural advantage in speech intelligibility in noise task, and (b) between binaural advantage in judgement of separation of speech and noise and binaural advantage in a speech intelligibility in noise task. However, neither relationship was strong enough for accurate individual prediction of binaural advantages in speech intelligibility. Possible reasons for this are discussed, and the lines that further research might follow are suggested. PMID- 7225650 TI - Some effects of training and experience for children using one and two hearing aids. AB - In order to determine whether increased binaural advantages accompany experience with binaural inputs, this study: (a) compared the pattern of performance in selective listening between normally-hearing and monaurally-issued hearing impaired subjects; (b) examined the effects of training with one and two hearing aids on the speech intelligibility of hearing-impaired children, and (c) examined the effects of children's past experience with two hearing aids on selective listening performance. Results showed (i) differences in patterns of selective listening between normal and hearing-impaired subjects; (ii) training in the binaural mode to offer more scope for improvement than training in the monaural mode; (iii) no clear indication that past experience with two hearing aids automatically leads to marked binaural gains. The implications of these results are discussed with reference to fitting binaural hearing aids. PMID- 7225651 TI - Speech audiometric terminology. PMID- 7225652 TI - Commonly used terms in pure tone and audiometry. PMID- 7225653 TI - Auditory train. What is it, what is it supposed to do, and does it do it? AB - Auditory training means different things to different people. In this brief paper, an attempt is made to review the various aims of and claims made for auditory training, and to reference some of the evidence which bears on the validity of these claims. PMID- 7225654 TI - Use of post-aural aids by National Health Service patients. AB - The amount of use made of post-aural aids issued through the National Health Service was investigated by monitoring the discharge rate of zinc air cells supplied to two matched groups of patients. Each group consisted of 36 subjects, the first group received an aid in the normal routine manner but without any extra counselling. The second group received both pre- and post-issue counselling. Subjective reports for the patients on use showed some degree of exaggeration, though not as much as was seen in a previous study of users of body worn aids. Use was substantially greater with the head-worn aids than with the body-worn models previously supplied through the NHS. Use has at least doubled on average and the percentage of non-users has fallen. Counselling (as provided through the Manchester Scheme) appears to effect a significant reduction in the percentage of non-users regardless of the type of aid supplied. Use among those receiving counselling is significantly greater than in those not so being helped. Use tends to diminish with increasing age of the subjects on application for assistance. It tends to increase over the first year of use, but the rate of change is dependent on many factors. In this study, no relationship was found between hearing-aid use and hearing loss, but this may be due to the rather close clustering of hearing losses of subjects under consideration. No relationship was found between use and living circumstances (alone or with family, etc.) but this is more likely to reflect the weakness of the measurement tool than any real differences. No relationship was found between use and stated duration of hearing loss or across the sexes. The zinc air cell proved to be a very satisfactory method of assessing use, and could be used for initial assessment of use in newly issued patients to identify those making poor use of the aid who might be in need of counselling or other forms of assistance. PMID- 7225655 TI - Lateralization of the Weber response after stapedectomy. AB - The lateralizing value of the Weber test has been studied in relation to otosclerosis and stapedectomy. Special attention is given to the occurrence of equivocal and paradoxical results whenever the conductive pathology is different on the two sides, a fact that has to be remembered by the clinician during his every day use of the Weber test. PMID- 7225656 TI - Selected list of books and journals for the small medical library. AB - This revised list of 539 books and 136 journals is intended as a selection guide for small or medium-sized hospital libraries or for small medical libraries in comparable health care facilities. It can also be used as a core list by consortia of small hospital libraries. Books and journals are categorized by subject; the book list is followed by an author index and the list of journals by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for initial purchase by smaller libraries, 137 books and 54 journals, are indicated by asterisks. To purchase the entire collection of books and to pay for annual subscriptions to all the journals would require an expenditure of about $30,000. The cost of only the asterisked items, which are recommended for first purchase, totals approximately $8,900. PMID- 7225657 TI - Copyright compliance in health sciences libraries: a status report two years after the implementation of PL 94-553. AB - This paper briefly reviews developments since the implementation of the new Copyright Law (PL 94-553) and reports on a nationwide survey of academic, hospital, and special health sciences libraries. These libraries were asked to report anonymously on their current policies and the procedures used to comply with the new law. They were also asked to indicate any special concerns they have with the law or the guidelines which they have followed for compliance. The results show that with few exceptions United States health sciences libraries are complying with the specific provisions of the law and that compliance has not significantly affected library services. PMID- 7225658 TI - Preselecting literature for routine delivery to physicians in a community hospital-based patient care related reading program. AB - Health sciences librarians have been actively responding to the changing information needs of users by extending services which involve the selection of literature in response to specific requests from health care personnel. A further development is Patient Care Related Reading (PCRR), a hospital-based program of continuing medical education in which the librarian actively participates in the preselection, packaging, and routine delivery of literature for use by physicians caring for patients with certain clinical disorders. Criteria for selection of literature packet topics were developed jointly by librarians and physicians at their own hospitals. Librarians compiled bibliographic material, reviewed articles, and prepared preliminary packets. Physicians reviewed these packets and made suggestions for each article. Librarians then prepared final packets following reviewers' recommendations and distributed them as a routine procedure to all physicians caring for patients with a diagnosis corresponding to prepared topics. Librarians were notified of patients with PCRR clinical problems by admitting office personnel, floor nurses, nursing supervisors, utilization review, and Professional Standards Review Organization personnel as a part of their usual activities. Packets are used by physicians to add to their fund of knowledge, and for review and teaching purposes. PCRR has provided increased visibility of the library and its many services. Recognition of the librarian's role in the program reinforces the concept of the community hospital library as a service-oriented entity, and helps to establish the library as an active partner in the development and implementation of hospital-based continuing education programs. PMID- 7225659 TI - Library instruction within the medical record administration curriculum. AB - A course for medical record administration (MRA) students has been developed at the University of Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences Library. The course's objectives are: (1) to train students in the use of the resources and services of health sciences libraries and (2) to provide basic instruction in the organization, operation, and management of a small hospital library. These objectives are met by integrating library use instruction within the MRA curriculum and by presenting a five-week hospital library management workshop. Library use instruction includes a library orientation and sessions on the use of major reference sources, writing for publication, and the use and evaluation of the medical record literature. The workshop covers the role of the medical record administrator as manager of the hospital library. Sessions cover basic principles of hospital library administration, technical and public services, and sources of outside assistance. Results are reported of a survey of graduates conducted to determine whether a need for the course still existed and if the changes made as a result of the evaluation process were appropriate. The teaching methods and evaluation techniques used in this course are applicable to library instruction in other disciplines. PMID- 7225660 TI - An experimental study of the feasibility of substituting Chemical Abstracts on line for the printed copy in a medium-sized medical library. AB - The reference staff of the Washington University School of Medicine Library, in an attempt to consider an alternative way of providing the information contained in the printed Chemical Abstracts, designed a study to examine whether the on line version of Chemical Abstracts could be substituted for the hard copy. For a thirteen-week period, all patrons using the printed index were offered a free computer search of Chemical Abstracts in exchange for evaluating the searches. Only 39.6% of those offered a free search chose to do so. Of these patrons, 62% still planned to refer to the abstracts later, which are only available in the printed index. The hypothesis that the on-line version could be substituted for the printed index was not confirmed. PMID- 7225661 TI - Increasing the awareness of the librarian as a service professional. PMID- 7225662 TI - A short history of the Karger Publishing firm. PMID- 7225663 TI - The Medical Library Assistance Act. PMID- 7225664 TI - [The periphery of the fundus oculi]. PMID- 7225665 TI - [Kinetic fluorophotometry of the papilla in diabetics]. PMID- 7225666 TI - [The repulsing pulse and ophthalmodynamometry in internal carotid insufficiency]. PMID- 7225667 TI - [Electroretinography and closed ocular contusions]. PMID- 7225668 TI - [Computer analysis of angiograms]. PMID- 7225669 TI - [A new indentation device for the treatment of retinal detachment]. PMID- 7225670 TI - [Tomodensitometry diagnosis of inflammatory idiopathic pseudotumors of the orbit: preliminary study]. PMID- 7225671 TI - [Treatment of ocular dryness with soluble implants]. PMID- 7225672 TI - [Automatic perimetry: the limits of dependability]. PMID- 7225674 TI - [Ultrasonography-B studies of changes in the vitreous body following ocular injuries]. PMID- 7225673 TI - ["Second generation" vitrectomy]. PMID- 7225675 TI - [Vitrectomy: can the miracle be realized?]. PMID- 7225676 TI - [Complications of vitreous surgery]. PMID- 7225677 TI - [Vitreous changes during treatment of malignant retinal tumors]. PMID- 7225678 TI - [Vitrectomy and intra-ocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 7225679 TI - [Use of argon laser for fluoroscopy of the retinal periphery]. PMID- 7225680 TI - [Examination technic in fluorescein angiography of the retinal periphery in binocular ophthalmoscopy]. PMID- 7225681 TI - [Angiography of the retinal periphery using a biomicroscope with a xenon lamp and laser light]. PMID- 7225682 TI - [Kinetic perimetry and peripheral retinal lesions. Significance of the study of photometric dysharmony]. PMID- 7225683 TI - [Examination of the retinal periphery of the pseudophakic eye]. PMID- 7225684 TI - [The ora serrata, yesterday and today]. PMID- 7225685 TI - [Congenital glaucoma iatrogenic]. PMID- 7225686 TI - [Correlation between the appearance of the papilla, fluorescein angiography, anerythroid light examination and visual fields in cases of glaucoma and intraocular hypertension]. PMID- 7225687 TI - [Etiology and treatment of 70 cases of secondary glaucoma]. PMID- 7225688 TI - [Fistulizing surgery in secondary glaucoma of aphakia. Modification of classic technics]. PMID- 7225689 TI - [Surgery of secondary glaucoma]. PMID- 7225690 TI - [Iridocycloretraction with a scleral trap]. PMID- 7225691 TI - [Posterior hyaloid in the retinol periphery]. PMID- 7225692 TI - [3 new types of keratoprosthesis]. PMID- 7225693 TI - [Place for and technic of keratoprosthesis]. PMID- 7225694 TI - [Sterilization of soft lenses. Clinical complications and experimental study]. PMID- 7225695 TI - [Role of the microvasculature of the chorioretina in peripheral pathology]. PMID- 7225696 TI - [Scleral grafts and plasties. Indications and treatment]. PMID- 7225697 TI - [Binocular perimetry in concomitant exotropia]. PMID- 7225698 TI - [The anesthesia sign in functional esotropia. Statistical study of 318 cases]. PMID- 7225699 TI - [Chorioretinal lesions induced by radiotherapy]. PMID- 7225700 TI - [Breaks and tears in peripheral retinal inflammation]. PMID- 7225701 TI - [Peripheral retinal hemorrhage in the long-term insulin-dependent diabetic with minor retinopathy of the fundus]. PMID- 7225702 TI - [Blood-vitreous barrier under various experimental conditions]. PMID- 7225703 TI - [Aging of the retina]. PMID- 7225705 TI - [Incidence and clinical aspects of retinal complications of intermediary uveitis]. PMID- 7225704 TI - [Anything new in conjugated ocular movement?]. PMID- 7225707 TI - [Pseudomelanomatous cyst of the peripheral retina]. PMID- 7225708 TI - [Retinal periphery and crystallin lens opacities]. PMID- 7225706 TI - [Pseudotumoral pre-equatorial annular uveitis; diagnostic problems]. PMID- 7225709 TI - [Evolution of lesions of the retinal periphery in the fellow eye of a retinal detachment]. PMID- 7225710 TI - [Natural history of opacities and palisades]. PMID- 7225711 TI - [Colobomatous pits of the optic papilla with maculopathies]. PMID- 7225712 TI - Spurious effects of commercial preparations of oxytocin on the isolated vas deferens of the rat. AB - 1 The inhibitory effect of a commercial preparation of oxytocin (Syntocinon) was studied on the isolated vas deferens of the rat. 2 The inhibition of contractions to agonists and to field stimulation obtained were mimicked by appropriate dilutions of chlorbutol, a preservative present in Syntocinon. 3 Preservative free synthetic oxytocin had no inhibitory effect on the tissue and slightly potentiated contractions evoked by field stimulation. 4 It is concluded that inhibitory effects of Syntocinon on the vas deferens are due to chlorbutol, not oxytocin. PMID- 7225713 TI - Haemodynamic effects of sulphinpyrazone in experimental myocardial ischaemia. AB - The effect of sulphinpyrazone (30 mg/kg i.v.) on heart rate, blood pressure and ventricular arrhythmias was studied in open-chested anaesthetized dogs during sequential 10 min occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery. An increased duration of occlusion without ventricular fibrillation and reduction in epicardial activation delay in the central ischaemic region were observed after intravenous sulphinpyrazone (n = 7). These effects were associated with a progressive and significant reduction in intrinsic heart rate (up to 15 beats/min) but no change in blood pressure. These findings suggest that heart rate changes alone may account for the observed protective effect of sulphinpyrazone against early ventricular fibrillation during acute experimental myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 7225715 TI - The radiographic detection of acute pulmonary oedema. A comparison of radiographic appearances, densitometry and lung water in dogs. AB - We have induced acute pulmonary oedema in upright anaesthetized dogs by increasing pulmonary microvascular permeability or by extracellular fluid volume overload in order to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the radiograph to the presence of abnormal lung water. Radiographs were taken before and after development of oedema. At the end of the experiment we removed the inflated lungs and froze them in liquid nitrogen and subsequently examined them macroscopically in the frozen state. The extravascular water/dry lung weight ratio was measured gravimetrically on seven portions of each lung. Finally without the base-line films for comparison. We directly measured the change in opacity of the films with a radiographic densitometer. When a dog's mean extravascular water/g dry lung was increased by more than 35% it was invariably recognized, in one or more zones, as definite oedema. Control dogs were reliably recognized as normal when base-line films were used but the distinction between normal and minor degrees of oedema could not be made without the base-line films. There was a positive correlation between radiological grade and lung water, but a great deal of overlap between grades. Densitometry was not a sensitive or reliable method for diagnosing or quantifying oedema. Oedema was usually associated with a decrease in volume of the lower lung zones. PMID- 7225714 TI - The anticoagulant activity of dermatan sulphates: evidence against the involvement of antithrombin III. AB - Anticoagulant activity of dermatan sulphates is unaffected by antiserum specific for antithrombin III (AT III) unless the glycosaminoglycan preparation contains demonstrable heparin. 2 Only dermatan sulphate preparations of considerable heparin content potentiate AT III inhibition of thrombin, factor Xa and plasmin. 3 These data suggest that dermatan sulphates exert anticoagulant activity which, unlike that of heparin, is largely or totally independent of AT III. PMID- 7225716 TI - A method of measuring the radio-opacity of catheters. AB - Two methods for measuring the radio-opacity of catheters are described. An analysis of the physical quantities that are important for the satisfactory detection of a catheter inside a patient shows that an intrinsic index of radio opacity can be defined and measured using a radiograph of a step wedge. Quantitative comparisons between catheters of different compositions may then be made, and results are presented of measurements made on several commercially available devices. It is suggested that the methods described are more satisfactory than previous techniques used to define standards, and that they highlight some anomalies in current catheter design and usage. PMID- 7225717 TI - left ventricular segmental wall motion-a comparison between equilibrium radionuclide angiography and contrast angiography. AB - The qualitative assessement of left ventricular wall motion using a four-point scale has been compared between left ventricular contrast angiography and equilibrium radionuclide angiography in the 30 degrees right anterior oblique projection. Analysis was carried out for five segments of the left ventricle. Four modes of analysis of equilibrium radionuclide angiography were compared and the reproducibility assessed. Overall accuracy of equilibrium radionuclide angiography compared to contrast angiography was greater than 82% to within one degree of motion. One method using a cine display, averaged 97%. We suggest that equilibrium radionuclide angiography using the cine display is the non-invasive investigation of choice in the screening of patients with suspected regional wall motion abnormalities. PMID- 7225718 TI - Comparison of intravenous radionuclide cholescintigraphy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the diagnosis of intrahepatic gall-stones. AB - Intravenous radionuclide cholescintigraphy using 99Tcm-pyridoxylideneglutamate (Tc-99m-PG) has been compared with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) as a test for the pre-operative detection in intrahepatic gall-stones. Sixty-three patients, 42 of whom were clinical jaundiced, were studied and 27 of these were subsequently shown to have intrahepatic gall-stones. Cholescintigraphy correctly predicted stones in all but five of these patients (false negative 19%), while ERC failed to show intrahepatic stones in seven patients (false negative 26%). In the 36 patients found to have intrahepatic stones, cholescintigraphy was incorrect in six patients (false positive 17%) and ERC incorrect in two (false positive 6%). Cholescintigraphy is at least as successful as ERC in predicting intrahepatic gall-stones and is cheaper and less invasive. In population where intrahepatic gall-stones are common, it is likely to prove valuable as a pre operative screening test. PMID- 7225719 TI - Management of soft tissue tumours by limited surgery combined with tumour bed irradiation using brachytherapy and supplementary teletherapy. AB - Sixteen of 17 soft-tissue sarcomas were controlled by limited resection combined with high-dose radiation therapy using brachytherapy with or without supplementary cobalt teletherapy. Function was retained with preservation of the limb in all lesions in extremities. Adjuvant chemotherapy was used in four of five pathological Grade III cases. PMID- 7225720 TI - Portable transfer digital dosemeter for beam output measurements with X and gamma rays, electrons and neutrons. AB - This instrument was developed in response to a requirement for an accurate, stable and portable transfer dosemeter for calibration, at therapy dose levels, of equipment used for generating X and gamma rays, electrons and neutrons. The detector is a 0.5 cm3 ionization chamber capable of fitting various wall materials reproducibly at the end of the chamber stem. The measuring system uniquely combines the features of a MOSFET electrometer and an automatic Townsend balance. When used for X, gamma and neutron radiations, the instrument measures the tissue kerma in free air on two ranges: 0.001 - 1.999 Gy (0.1 - 199.9 rad) and 0.01 - 19.99 Gy (1 - 1999 rad) or their exposure equivalents, with autoranging feature when the first range is exceeded. The polarizing voltage (180 V) can be reversed for electron and neutron dosimetry. The dosemeter has a measuring accuracy of +/- 0.2% FS +/- 1 digit and operates on four 1.5 V torchlight cells or on AC mains (200-250 V, 50 - 60 Hz). It utilizes solid state devices, CMOS integrated circuits and displays, and is not affected by RF fields. The instrument is enclosed in a brief-case for portability and is easy to operate and maintain in a hospital. PMID- 7225721 TI - Ultrasound appearances of liver hydatid disease. AB - They grey scale ultrasound features of liver hydatid disease have been evaluated on 65 surgically proven cysts in 38 patients. The majority of cysts showed the well-known ultrasound pattern of simple cysts. However, a minority of lesions were either multicystic or gave the appearance of a cyst within a cyst. Occasionally cysts showed a feature which we have called "the ultrasonographic water lily sign". Hydatid sand was also occasionally seen in the most dependent portion of hydatid cysts. We have noted that if a hydatid cyst becomes secondarily infected these typical ultrasound patterns are lost and the ultrasound diagnosis may then become more difficult. PMID- 7225722 TI - Encysted peritoneal hydatidosis, unusual ultrasonographic and clinical presentation of liver echinococcosis. PMID- 7225723 TI - Colonic polyps in an infant following necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7225724 TI - Osteopathia striata with sclerosis and thickening of the skull. PMID- 7225725 TI - The fate of the valves of autogenous vein grafts. PMID- 7225726 TI - Ultrasonic demonstration of renal artery thrombosis. PMID- 7225727 TI - The role of 131I-19-iodocholesterol scintigraphy and ultrasonography in the localization of a poorly vascularized phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 7225728 TI - A hybrid real time/B scan ultrasonic system. implications for clinical practice based on a two-year experience. PMID- 7225729 TI - Measurement of chest-wall thickness using a simulator. PMID- 7225730 TI - Radiation survival of glutathione-deficient human fibroblasts in culture. PMID- 7225732 TI - Isolated dislocation of the pisiform. PMID- 7225731 TI - Pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma detected only by radionuclide imaging. PMID- 7225733 TI - A new rectal marker for treatment planning. PMID- 7225734 TI - Media for single contrast knee arthrography. PMID- 7225735 TI - Body temperature after accidental injury. AB - Core and mean skin temperatures have been measured in 82 patients shortly after accidental injuries of different severity in order to study the effects of injury on thermoregulation. Skin temperature fell after injury and core temperature also when the injury was severe. After severe injuries both core and mean body temperatures were negatively related to the severity of the injury, measured by the Injury Severity Score. The fall in skin temperature was attributed to vasoconstriction and that in core temperature to decreased heat production due to reduced oxygen transport to the tissues. These changes in temperature should have stimulated shivering which was not observed in the severely injured. This suggests that thermoregulation is affected after injury, and possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7225736 TI - A low volume burn resuscitation regimen: assessment of performance by probit analysis. AB - The findings are presented of a 10-year retrospective review of burn admissions to the Wessex Regional Burn Centre, where a low volume colloid resuscitation regimen is employed. An analysis of mortality probability has been conducted using probit analysis, and the areas of burn injury associated with a 50 per cent mortality probability (LA50) were determined for four different age groups. LA50 values obtained were 0-14 years 59 per cent body surface area (BSA) burn, 15-44 years 70 per cent BSA burn, 45-64 years 38 per cent burn, 65 years and over 17 per cent BSA burn. The figures obtained parallel closely those reported from another large burn centre in the United Kingdom where a widely different fluid regimen is used. The results of this analysis suggest that wide variations in fluid resuscitation regimens, particularly with regard to volume, do little to affect the mortality associated with burn injury as assessed by probit analysis. PMID- 7225737 TI - Postoperative changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis independent of neurogenic stimuli and adrenal hormones. AB - Postoperative changes in various haemostatic parameters (capillary bleeding time, platelet count, fibrinogen, fibrinmonomers, prothrombin, antithrombin III, factor VIII procoagulant, factor VIII antigen, euglobulin clot lysis time, streptokinase lysis time, fibrinogen related antigens, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2 macroglobulin) plasma glucose and cortisol were studied in 12 female patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy during either general anaesthesia or epidural analgesia (T4-S5). General anaesthesia and epidural analgesia (T4-S5). General anaesthesia and epidural analgesia on their own had only negligible influence on haemostatic parameters. Hysterectomy during general anaesthesia caused activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, followed by depression of fibrinolysis. Epidural analgesia prevented the cortisol and glucose response to surgery, but did not influence the coagulation and fibrinolytic response to surgery, except for an inhibition of the postoperative increase in factor VIII antigen. It is concluded that postoperative changes in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are mediated by factors other than neurogenic stimuli and adrenal hormones. PMID- 7225738 TI - A randomized trial to compare rubber band ligation with phenol injection for treatment of haemorrhoids. AB - A prospective randomized trial has compared rubber band ligation with phenol injection in 82 patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids. The symptomatic results in all patients 12 months after treatment were indistinguishable, 64 per cent being improved after rubber band ligation, compared with 70 per cent after injection. Complications of treatment were recorded in 5 patients after rubber band ligation, 3 of whom required hospital admission compared with one minor complication after infection. However, repeated treatment was necessary in 13 patients after phenol injection compared with only 4 following rubber band ligation (P less than 0.05). Additional treatment was necessary in 6 patients from each group. Two-thirds of patients with third-degree piles required additional therapy. It is concluded that rubber band ligation and injection provide similar results, but rubber band ligation is more liable to complications with inexperienced operators. PMID- 7225739 TI - The effect of increased motility on absorption from the canine colon. AB - The absorption of water and electrolytes and intraluminal pressure were measured from Thirty-Vella loops in 4 dogs under basal conditions and during electrical stimulation of the colonic smooth muscle. Pulse wave electrical stimulation via serosal silver/silver chloride electrodes gave rise to significant increases in both intraluminal pressure and percentage motility. Absorption of water, sodium and chloride was significantly increased during stimulation but the transport of ammonia, bicarbonate and potassium was not significantly affected. It is suggested that motility changes result in altered absorption irrespective of transit time. PMID- 7225742 TI - A comparison of the traumatic effects of vascular clamps. AB - The mature and extent of damage to the wall of the femoral artery of the dog caused by five different vascular clamps is reported. This is related to the ability of the clamp to both occlude the vessel and to hold the wall without slipping. Intimal damage was assessed by supravital staining, scanning electron microscopy of the surface and the histological appearance of sagittal sections of the arterial wall. The Atraugrip, Satinski and Potts clamps caused more apparent damage to the vessel wall and achieved occlusion by holding of the vessel at higher pressures than did the Blalock and Fogarty clamps. There is a difference between the damage produced when closure is sufficient to just occlude the vessel and that produced when the clamp is fully closed. PMID- 7225741 TI - The social, emotional and financial implications of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. AB - The incidence and severity of toxicity, the extent of emotional disturbance and cost of adjuvant chemotherapy were assessed in patients with early breast cancer randomized to receive either radiotherapy, chemotherapy (CMF) or radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 85 per cent of patients receiving chemotherapy and contributed significantly to distress. Over one-third of patients required a wig or developed mucosal ulceration. Nevertheless, most patients were able to return to work during treatment. Leucopoenia was more commonly encountered in those patients who received radiotherapy prior to chemotherapy. Twelve months after mastectomy, psychiatric morbidity was present in 13 of 34 patients receiving chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, compared with only 1 of 18 receiving radiotherapy alone. Anxiety was common in both groups. This trend was still present 6 months after the completion of chemotherapy. The cost of chemotherapy is discussed. PMID- 7225740 TI - The effect of surgical operation upon monocytes. AB - The effect of surgical operation upon monocyte numbers and function was studied in patients with both benign and malignant disease. In patients with benign disease a significant increase in the phagocytosis of 99Tc latex-labelled particles by monocytes was observed at 24 h postoperatively (P less than 0.01 compared with preoperatively) and also a significant increase in monocyte numbers (P less than 0.001 compared with preoperatively). In patients undergoing surgery for malignant disease no significant increase in phagocytic activity of monocytes was found postoperatively. A significant decrease in monocyte numbers was shown to follow surgery in this group (P less than 0.001). The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7225743 TI - Recurrent inguinal hernia after local anaesthetic repair. AB - A consecutive series of 227 inguinal hernias were repaired under local anaesthetic between 1976 and 1978 in the Oxford hospitals. A total of 187 of these operations was performed on a day-case basis. Data were available for analysis from 183 cases in whom there were 13 recurrences. The factor most strongly influencing the recurrence rate was the experience of a particular surgeon with the local anaesthetic technique. It was found that once 6 hernias had been repaired under local anaesthetic the chance of recurrence fell to a level of 2.5 per cent (which projects to 7.5 per cent at the end of 25 years). The recurrence rate for beginners (those who have repaired less than 6 hernias under local anaesthetic) was unacceptably high at 9.4 per cent (which projects to 28 per cent at the end of 25 years). Our recurrence rate was high in patients with a direct hernia in whom there were associated risk factors known to predispose to recurrence. PMID- 7225744 TI - Yersinia and viruses in acute non-specific abdominal pain and appendicitis. AB - Four out of 24 patients presenting as an emergency with acute non-specific abdominal pain showed serological evidence of infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Two out of 13 patients presenting with acute appendicitis during the same period also had evidence of Yersinia infection. Viral infection was present in only 1 patient in each group. Since it is rare to find antibodies to yersinia in healthy individuals, it seems likely that yersinia is a cause of some cases of non-specific abdominal pain. Viral infection does not appear to be an important aetiological factor in patients over 12 years of age. PMID- 7225745 TI - The management of anal carcinoma. AB - In a 20-year survey of anal carcinoma at Groote Schuur Hospital 55 cases were studied retrospectively. Patients of mixed race with anal margin carcinoma had a median age 29 years below that of Whites with anal margin carcinoma. Patients in these two groups with anal canal carcinoma had the same median age. Anal margin tumours were smaller than anal canal tumours at presentation and had a substantially better 5-year survival rate. The approach to treatment of these conditions is outlined. PMID- 7225746 TI - The excretion of cefuroxime in human bile. AB - Cefuroxime is a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic. An intravenous injection of cefuroxime 1.5 g was administered to 25 patients after induction of anaesthesia for cholecystectomy. Concentrations of antibiotic were measured and the mean levels in microgram/ml found to be: serum 120.5, common bile duct bile 42.8, gallbladder bile 5.4, gallbladder wall 39.2. The drug levels exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentrations for most organisms commonly encountered in the biliary tract. There was no difference in cefuroxime levels in bile from functioning or non-functioning gallbladders. It is suggested that the diffusion of antibiotic into and out of the inflamed gallbladder is similar to that in abscesses and in experimental tissue cages. No side effects, toxicity or wound infections occurred. PMID- 7225747 TI - Proximal gastric vagotomy. PMID- 7225748 TI - Spontaneous oesophageal perforation. PMID- 7225749 TI - The relationship between the number of capillaries in the skin of the venous ulcer-bearing area of the lower leg and the fall in foot vein pressure during exercise. AB - The changes in foot vein pressure during exercise have been measured in 30 normal legs and 109 legs with varicose veins or postphlebitic changes and correlated with the number of capillaries visible in a histological section of skin from the ulcer-bearing area. There was a significant correlation between the inability of the calf pump to reduce foot vein pressure during exercise and the number of capillaries in the skin. It is suggested that the increased number of capillaries secondary to venous hypertension during exercise may be the prime cause of the nutritional abnormalities that eventually cause a venous ulcer. PMID- 7225750 TI - Tetanus in phlegmasia caerulea dolens. AB - A case of phlegmasia caerulea dolens is reported. Thrombolytic therapy was instituted. The patient developed tetanus. Adequate tetanus prophylaxis under such circumstances is advised. PMID- 7225751 TI - The effect of acute haemorrhage and of delayed blood replacement on wound healing: an experimental study. AB - Haemorrhage whether untreated or with volume replacement delayed for 1 h has been shown by other workers to result in weaker scars 7-10 days after wounding. Studies have been carried out 6 weeks and 3 months after median laparotomy in three groups of Wistar rat: control, bled 10 ml/kg without replacement and bled 10 ml/kg with replacement of heparinized shed blood after 1 h. At 6 weeks the burst pressure of the laparotomy scar was significantly less (Mann-Witney U) in both the haemorrhage group (n = 6; 181.7 +/- 30.5 mmHg s.e.m.; P = 0.026) and the replacement group (n = 6; 207.8 +/- 27.4 mmHg s.e.m.; P = 0.037) than in the control animals (n = 7; 301.9 +/- 42.0 mmHg s.e.m.) At 3 months there were no significant differences between the groups. On histology there was no difference in cellularity between the groups, but in both the haemorrhage and replacement animals collagen was less abundant and less well organized. These differences also had disappeared by 3 months. Neigher collagen nor the fibroblast ultrastructure showed significant differences between groups, all animals showing patchy vacuolation of endoplasmic reticulum of fibroblasts at 6 weeks. It is concluded that oligaemia slows wound healing but does not affect the ultimate strength of the scar. PMID- 7225752 TI - Penetration of a prophylactic antibiotic into peritoneal fluid. AB - The ability of an antibiotic, given for prophylaxis, to enter the peritoneal fluid was measured in 40 patients having abdominal operations. Cefuroxime, the antibiotic studied, attained a satisfactory level (4 mg/1) in the peritoneal fluid of 34 of the 40 patients (85 per cent). There was no difference between emergency and elective operations, suggesting that peritoneal inflammation does not enhance the penetration of cefuroxime into peritoneal fluid. PMID- 7225753 TI - Does 'intestinal angina' exist? A critical study of obstructed visceral arteries. AB - A study of the mesenteric arteries was carried out in 203 unselected autopsies. Although mild degrees of stenosis were common, the incidence of a 'critical stenosis' was rare and no correlation between degrees of stenosis and previous gastrointestinal symptoms could be found. Radiological demonstration of stenosed or blocked visceral arteries remains therefore of doubtful clinical significance. PMID- 7225754 TI - A new method for the assessment of gut viability. AB - A surface polarographic oxygen electrode was modified so that on the basis of physical considerations its reading became dependent on blood flow. The preliminary results show that when applied to the serosal surface of the bowel under operative conditions, readings correlated well with total blood flow to the segment measured by electromagnetic flowmetry. Graded local ischaemic areas could also be detected. Readings from the serosal surface appeared to be independent of those from the mucosa. The instrument may therefore provide a useful surgical tool for detecting partially ischaemic areas of bowel. PMID- 7225755 TI - Bile reflux and gastric emptying in patients with combined gastric and duodenal ulceration. AB - Measurements of duodenogastric reflux of bile and gastric emptying of a 5 per cent glucose liquid test meal have been made in 8 patients with combined gastric and duodenal ulcers and the results compared with those found in 21 patients with a diagnosis of uncomplicated duodenal ulceration. It was not possible to demonstrate any differences between the two groups of patients in respect of these studies and it is suggested that gastric stasis and duodenogastric reflux may not be important factors in the aetiology of combined ulcer disease. PMID- 7225756 TI - Local tumour invasion as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. AB - A prospective study was carried out of 404 patients with colorectal cancer who were followed up for a mean period of 42 months. Macroscopic extramural tumour invasion was found at laparotomy in 46 patients undergoing apparently curative surgery and the survival rate was significantly reduced in these patients. The site of primary tumour in the colon or rectum did not influence the incidence of local tumour spread, but local invasion was related to the incidence of lymph node metastases and histological grading of the tumour. A staging classification has been proposed based not on lymphatic metastases, but on the extent of local tumour penetration. This modified staging system combines the operative findings with pathological grading of the tumour and emphasizes the prognostic significance of local tumour invasion. PMID- 7225757 TI - Presentation and outcome of strangulated external hernia in a district general hospital. AB - Two hundred consecutive emergency hernia operations are reviewed. Mortality from this condition has not significantly altered in the past 30 years. Half of the patients presented 48 h or more from the onset of symptoms. Mortality and bowel resection were clearly linked with the duration of symptoms prior to admission. There were no reliable clinical signs to predict the likelihood of bowel strangulation. Recurrent incisional and femoral hernias were associated with high resection rates and mortality. Right-sided hernias appeared to strangulate more frequently than left-sided hernias. PMID- 7225758 TI - The low stapled anastomosis. AB - The complications of 100 stapled anastomoses onto the rectum or anus are reviewed. Anastomotic leakage in very low cases is the major problem; no leak occurred if the anastomosis was performed above 7 cm, but 3 leaks in 17 patients occurred if the anastomosis was performed between 5.5 and 7 cm, and 10 leaks occurred in 52 patients if the anastomoses was less than 5 cm from the anal margin. A covering colostomy is essential for these lower anastomoses, and for those not covered by a colostomy, an immediate colostomy with a distal loop washout is performed, if a leak develops. Attention to technique is mandatory, with a good blood supply, absence of tension and the elimination of the pelvic cavity being of great importance. PMID- 7225759 TI - Technical hints for the use of the EEA stapler. PMID- 7225760 TI - Complications of anterior resection of the rectum using the EEA stapling device. AB - Fifty patients had anterior resection of the rectum performed with end-to-end anastomosis using the EEA stapling device. The instrument certainly facilitated low anastomoses, but anastomotic dehiscence occurred in 3 cases, stenosis in 2, wound sepsis in 10, some degree os incontinence (usually only temporary) in 7 and anal fissure in 4 cases. PMID- 7225761 TI - Typhoid perforation: choice of operation. AB - Over a 17-year period 93 patients have been treated for typhoid perforation of the bowel. Forty-three of these have been treated by closure of the perforation, and 42 by end-to-side ileotransverse colostomy. These two groups are compared. Although there was no difference in mortality, postoperative morbidity in survivors was less in those having an end-to-side ileotransverse colostomy. End to-side ileotransverse colostomy is a logical operation based upon the pathological changes in the bowel produced by typhoid fever and is the operation of choice. PMID- 7225762 TI - Superior mesenteric venous thrombosis. AB - Superior mesenteric venous occlusion may be difficult to recognize, but is important as it carries a better prognosis than superior mesenteric arterial occlusion, an may be amenable to surgical treatment. Three cases of primary superior mesenteric venous occlusion are described. The diagnosis was unsuspected until discovered at laparotomy. Non-viable bowel was present in all cases and in two cases thrombosed veins were apparent in the mesentery. The lesion was localized in distribution, and generous bowel resection with primary anastomosis was performed. Recovery was uncomplicated in all cases. When the thrombosis appears well localized, generous resection with primary anastomosis seems a suitable alternative to resection and exteriorization or conservative treatment with a second-look procedure. PMID- 7225763 TI - Abdominal emergencies in a tropical African population. AB - A decade ago intestinal obstruction was the commonest cause of general surgical abdominal emergency admissions in many tropical African countries. Recently there has been a change in this pattern and acute appendicitis has become the major cause of emergency admissions. Most cases of intestinal obstruction are due to obstructed (strangulated or incarcerated) groin hernia. Intestinal ascariasis is a declining cause of intestinal obstruction while colorectal cancer is now an important differential diagnosis. Trauma due to road traffic accidents is increasing in frequency. Gallbladder disease is not a major problem; symptoms suggestive of acute gallbladder disease are more likely to be due to an amoebic abscess in the West African environment. PMID- 7225764 TI - Suprapubic bladder drainage in colorectal surgery. AB - Seventy-six consecutive patients were studied prospectively in order to assess the value of suprapubic bladder drainage following surgery of the rectum and sigmoid colon. An Argyle-Ingram catheter (ICI) was inserted after the laparotomy incision had been made and the bladder was drained continuously for 24 h after which the catheter was closed and opened only every 6 h for 10 min. The patients were invited to void at will after the first 24 h. The catheter was removed when the post-voided volume became less than 50 ml on each of two subsequent measurements. The longest period of drainage was necessary after rectal excision, while rectosigmoid resections demanded shorter periods. The catheter did not function in one patient and urethral catheterization became necessary after removal of the suprapubic catheter in 4 patients. The method of suprapubic bladder drainage is recommended because it permits spontaneous voiding, allows measurement of residual volume without urethral instrumentation, gives little discomfort to the patient and has few complications. PMID- 7225765 TI - Melphalan perfusion in treatment of melanoma. PMID- 7225766 TI - Animal health today--problems of large livestock units. Disease control in general practice. PMID- 7225767 TI - Preveterinary education. PMID- 7225768 TI - Studies on the activity of Ixodes ricinus in relation to the epidemiology of babesiosis in Co. Meath, Ireland. PMID- 7225769 TI - The relevance of A-level biological science to first year undergraduate studies in veterinary science. PMID- 7225770 TI - The pathology of the grey seal (Haliochoerus grypus). II. Juveniles and adults. PMID- 7225771 TI - Efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) treatment against experimental candidiasis in chicks. PMID- 7225772 TI - Investigations on the prophylactic effect of treatment with imidocarb diproprionate on Babesia divergens infections in splenectomized calves. PMID- 7225773 TI - Bovine fascioliasis in Nigeria. I. Haematological indices and their correlation with worm burden in chronic fascioliasis. PMID- 7225774 TI - Tolerance of piglets to injected fluids. PMID- 7225775 TI - The occurrence of pale, soft, exudative musculature in Landrace pigs susceptible and resistant to the malignant hyperthermia syndrome. PMID- 7225776 TI - A serological survey for evidence of Q fever and in camels in Nigeria. PMID- 7225777 TI - Scrapie. PMID- 7225778 TI - Lameness in cattle. PMID- 7225779 TI - A comparison of first maxillary molar eruption in Friesian steers and heifers. PMID- 7225780 TI - A study of the antiglobulin test for the diagnosis of Salmonella dublin infection of cattle. PMID- 7225781 TI - Mycobacterial infections in various species of deer in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7225782 TI - The time of detection of oestrone sulphate in milk and the diagnosis of pregnancy in cows. PMID- 7225783 TI - Isolation of yersinia pseudotuberculosis from diarrhoea in pigs. PMID- 7225784 TI - Alexia and agraphia with spared spelling and letter recognition abilities. PMID- 7225785 TI - The fate of ear asymmetries in short-term memory. PMID- 7225786 TI - Solving deductive-reasoning problems after unilateral temporal lobectomy. PMID- 7225787 TI - Development of dyslexia: electrophysiological evidence of clinical subgroups. PMID- 7225788 TI - Sex, age, and aphasia type. PMID- 7225789 TI - Korsakoff amnesic syndrome: the result of simultaneous deficits in several independent processes? PMID- 7225790 TI - Language in congenitally acallosal brain. PMID- 7225791 TI - Written language acquisition after left or right hemidecortication in infancy. PMID- 7225792 TI - Lateralization of temporal lobe dysfunction and verbal encoding. PMID- 7225793 TI - Trigeminocerebellar mossy fiber branching to granule cell layer patches in the rat cerebellum. AB - Recent micromapping studies of tactile areas in rat cerebellum have revealed a spatially precise mosaic of granule cell layer areas termed 'patches', with multiple patches on several folia resulting in multiple representations of the same body part. The research reported in the present paper tested the hypothesis that trigeminocerebellar mossy fiber branching is patch-related, so that collaterals terminate only within the boundaries of one or more of the tiny (often less than 1 sq. mm) patches having similar receptive fields. This hypothesis was supported by 3 separate series of electrophysiological experiments: (1) electrical stimulation in a patch resulted in short latency, low threshold responses confined within the boundaries of a second patch having a similar receptive field; (2) antidromic collison tests demonstrated that collaterals of axons originating in nucleus interpolaris reach pairs of patches with similar receptive fields; and (3) micromapping of the area from which a particular interpolaris neuron could be antidromically activated revealed that local terminal branching of a given mossy fiber axon appeared to be confined within the boundaries of a single patch. Together these results indicate that trigeminocerebellar mossy fiber branching is related to the fractured somatotopical organization of the granule cell layer. Possible functional implications of such mossy fiber branching are discussed. PMID- 7225794 TI - Quantitative differences in collateralization of the descending spinal pathways from red nucleus and other brain stem cell groups in rat as demonstrated with the multiple fluorescent retrograde tracer technique. AB - In 8 rats 'True Blue' was injected into dorsal half of C5-C8 spinal grey, 5 days later 'Nuclear Yellow' was injected in midthoracic, upper lumbar, lumbosacral and sacral cord respectively. The animals were sacrificed about 43 hours after NY injections. The distribution of retrogradely labeled neurons was studied in Red Nucleus, in Ventrolateral Pontine Tegmentum and in Nucleus Raphe Magnus, all of which project to spinal dorsal grey. In Red Nucleus large populations of single TB-labeled neurons and single NY-labeled ones occurred in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral part, respectively. In addition, about 8% of the neurons labeled with TB from C5-C8 were double labeled with NY from L5-S1, and 35% from T7-8, which percentages resemble those of electrophysiological studies. However, in ipsilateral Nucleus Raphe Magnus about 40% of the TB-labeled neurons were double labeled from L5-S1. This percentage resembles the 66% obtained in electrophysiological studies of reticulospinal collaterals. These findings in rat support electrophysiological findings in cat and show, that rubrospinal neurons distribute their fibers primarily to the grey matter of specific groups of spinal segments, while many of the raphe spinal neurons distribute fibers throughout the spinal cord. PMID- 7225795 TI - Corticostriate projections from the primary motor cortex in the dog. AB - Corticostriate projections from the hindlimb and forelimb areas of the primary motor cortex in the dog were traced using the autoradiographic technique. Injections of tritiated leucine into the hindlimb area resulted in discrete oval or semicircular patches of label confined to the dorsolateral corner of the head and body of the caudate nucleus. No label was found over the putamen. Injections into the forelimb area yielded irregularly shaped patches of label over the dorsolateral part of the head and body of the caudate nucleus as well as more diffuse label over the dorsal-most part of the putamen. In both instances diffuse terminal fields were noted in the dorsolateral part of the contralateral caudate nucleus. A comparison of results in the caudate nucleus indicates that projections from the forelimb area terminate somewhat more caudally and slightly more ventrally and medially than do projections from the hindlimb area. The results further suggest that although terminal fields from these areas may to some extent interdigitate with one another, they also overlap each other to a significant degree. PMID- 7225796 TI - Corticospinal and corticorubral projections from the supplementary motor area in the monkey. AB - Neurons that were antidromically invaded from either pyramidal tract (PT) stimulation or red nucleus (RN) stimulation were studied in the anterior portion of the supplementary motor cortex of anaesthetized rhesus monkeys. The conduction velocity of 58 PT neurons ranged from 11 to 63 m/sec while those of the 29 RN neurons ranged from 10 to 38 m/sec. None of the neurons were found to be antidromically invaded from both stimulation sites. Thus, the corticorubral projection from the SMA does not appear to consist primarily of PT axon collaterals. There appeared to be a trend towards spatial segregation of the PT and RN neurons in the monkey cortex, the RN neurons tended to be located nearer the pial surface than the PT neurons, which tend to have somata nearer the subcortical white matter. PMID- 7225797 TI - Axon regeneration by developing limb motoneurones in Xenopus laevis. AB - Newly generated motoneurones invading the limb bud were labelled with horseradish peroxidase to identify them later in development. They were then axotomized by amputating the limb bud. The limb bud was replaced immediately in some animals. After the period of normal motoneurone death, which falls a few days after the operation, many horseradish peroxidase labelled motoneurones were still alive provided the limb bud had been replaced. Without a limb bud, labelled motoneurones were few or non-existent. The conclusion is that in spite of their immaturity, the labelled motoneurones must have grown new axons into the limb for their death to have been avoided. Axon regeneration therefore seems to be inherent to motoneurones of any age. PMID- 7225798 TI - Properties of velocity-mechanosensitive neurons of the cat ventrobasal thalamic nucleus with special reference to the concept of convergence. AB - Neurons in the ventrobasal (VB) thalamic nucleus of lightly anesthetized cats were studied in order to analyze their discharge properties in response to controlled mechanical stimuli. Properties of the vast majority of the neuronal population largely resemble those of peripheral sensitive mechanoreceptors in their response to the velocity and, to a more limited extent, the amplitude component, of skin and hair displacement within restricted receptive fields. Detailed examination reveals some 'complex' characteristics suggestive of central integration in about 11% of VB neurons. Complex properties appear to indicate convergent input reflecting receptive field organization, the variety of velocity related discharges and patterns of inhibition. The rarity of isolated 'surround' inhibition and the definition of what constitutes 'lemniscal' properties are discussed in the context of these and other related findings. PMID- 7225799 TI - Single cell activity in ventral prefrontal cortex of behaving monkeys. AB - Single unit activity was recorded extracellularly from ventral prefrontal cortex (VPC) of monkeys during performance of two short-term memory tasks: spatial delayed response and delayed matching to sample. The tasks required perception, retention and recognition of visual cues differing in either color or spatial location. Two separate areas of VPC were explored: a lateral area in the lower prefrontal convexity and a medial area around the medial orbital sulcus. Two categories of unit activity were distinguished on the basis of frequency changes to the cue. One was characterized by non-specific discharge independent upon which cue was presented, the other by discriminative discharge related not only to visual qualities of the cue but to the animal's subsequent use of it. Nearly one-half of all units showed altered firing during the retention (delay) period as compared with intertrial control firing. Eighteen per cent displayed delay activity related to the quality of the preceding cue. The lateral and medial segments of VPC were not distinguished by differences of unit activity in cue or delay periods. Post-trial activity was related to presence or absence of reward. Type I cells showed firing changes following choice reinforcement as well as gratuitous reward; some showed changes in opposite direction following unreinforced choices. They may encode the availability of reward. Type II cells showed changes of activity after unreinforced trials and, in some cases, opposite changes after unexpected reward; they were not affected by the reward of normal correct-choice trials. These cells appear to react to deviations from expectancy of reward. Type III cells exhibited comparable firing changes following reinforced and unreinforced choices. They may encode termination of a trial sequence. Type I was more common in lateral than medial VPC, whereas the opposite was true for type II; type III did not clearly predominant in either area. Ablation studies have shown that the two areas of VPC differ in behavioral functions. This study of their cellular properties revealed topographic differences only during the post-trial period. It is therefore possible that the combination of cue and delay activity (related to exteroceptive input) with post trial activity (related to interoceptive input) constitutes the neuronal basis for the two areas' differences in behavioral function. PMID- 7225800 TI - Characterization and partial purification of a neuronal factor which increases acetylcholine receptor aggregation on cultured muscle cells. AB - Medium conditioned by NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells contains a factor which increases the number of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregates on cultured myotubes. Protease digestion indicates that the AChR aggregation factor is a protein, and the molecular weight is from 150,000 to 250,000 daltons as estimated by ultrafiltration and gel filtration. Preparative isoelectrofocusing indicates that the aggregation factor has a pI of about 4.7. The factor is found in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction but not in the plasma membrane fraction of NG108-15 cells. Aggregation activity is not detected in the cytoplasm of liver cells or in the cytoplasm of C6BU-1 glioma cells. A possible developmental role for the aggregation factor is suggested by its presence in embryonic rat brain but not in adult rat brain. AChR aggregation factors found in the cytoplasm or conditioned medium of NG108-15 cells or in the cytoplasmic fraction of fetal brain have similar molecular weights and isoelectric points. PMID- 7225801 TI - Spinal cord layer I neurons with axon collaterals that generate local arbors. AB - The morphology an location of physiologically characterized neurons in layer I of the spinal cord dorsal horn were revealed by the intracellular deposition of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This material showed that the axons of some layer I neurons issue varicosity-bearing collaterals that generate arbors that overlap the neurons' dendritic territories in layer I. PMID- 7225802 TI - A projection from the entorhinal cortex to the nucleus accumbens in the rat. AB - A study was performed in which both anterograde ([3H]leucine radioautography) and retrograde (horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry) tracing methods were employed to identify the origin of the fimbrial projection to the nucleus accumbens in the rat. The data reveal that this pathway arises predominantly from layers II--III of the anterior two-thirds of entorhinal cortex rather than from any part of hippocampal formation. PMID- 7225803 TI - Muscarinic receptor binding following cholinergic nerve lesions of the cingulate cortex and hippocampus of the rat. PMID- 7225804 TI - Inhibitory controls on thermal neurones in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of cats and rats. AB - Although electrical stimulation of supraspinal structures and local large fibres is known to inhibit the responses of nociceptive neurones, comparable studies on thermoreceptive cells have not been made. We have studied the effects of nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and segmental stimulation on cold and warm responsive neurones in trigeminal nucleus caudalis of both the rat and cat. All 48 neurones (46 cold and 2 warm) tested in the cat and 24 cold neurones in the rat were unaffected by the NRM at a variety of stimulation parameters. However, segmental stimulation inhibited 4/20 neurones in the cat and 11/26 cells in the rat. The results show the selectivity of the inhibition following NRM stimulation. PMID- 7225805 TI - Immunization with purified myelin-associated glycoprotein does not evoke myelination-inhibiting or demyelinating antibodies. AB - Antisera produced in rabbits against purified myelin-associated glycoprotein did not inhibit myelin formation in cerebellar tissue cultures or demyelinate centrally or peripherally myelinated fibers in spinal cord-dorsal root ganglia cultures. These results suggest that antibodies directed against other myelin components are responsible for the myelination-inhibition and demyelination produced by anti-central nervous system (CNS) and anti-myelin antisera in vitro. PMID- 7225806 TI - Osmotically induced increase in cerebrovascular permeability to [3H]sucrose. AB - The effect of an intracarotid infusion of a 5 M urea solution on the blood--brain barrier of the rat was measured using the carotid injection technique. The urea infusion increased the amount of sucrose penetrating the barrier. This increased uptake of sucrose was first seen 10--25 sec after the 15 sec urea infusion. By 10 min, sucrose uptake had decreased in some animals. PMID- 7225807 TI - An assessment of the spread of the signal for terminal sprouting within and between muscles. AB - Certain muscles of the mouse and rat have been studied in order to assess how far a signal from denervated muscle can spread to elicit terminal sprouting from intact endplates. Denervation of the muscles surrounding the rat foot 4th lumbrical muscle caused no terminal sprouting in the 4th lumbrical itself. In the hemidenervated mouse gluteus maximus terminal sprouting was restricted to the central region of the muscle where innervated and denervated fibres intermingle. There was no enhancement of such sprouting if the underlying and closely apposed gluteus medius was simultaneously denervated. Hemidenervation of the mouse diaphragm and interscutularis, where intact endplates lie near to denervated muscle fibres, produced no terminal sprouting. Hemidenervation of the mouse platysma, where intact endplates often lie adjacent to denervated muscle fibres, similarly produced no significant response. However, all muscles were capable of producing extensive terminal sprouting in response to paralysis induced by botulinum toxin. The stimulus for terminal sprouting produced by an inactive muscle fibre must therefore be effective only on the fibre's own terminal or immediately adjacent terminals. PMID- 7225808 TI - Neural activity of nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis--the origin of visual mossy fiber afferents to the cerebellar flocculus of rabbits. AB - Activities of 55 neurons were extra- and intracellularly recorded in the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (Nrt) of anesthetized rabbits. The cells were antidromically activated from the flocculus as well as orthodromically from the optic tracts. They were antidromically activated from either the ipsilateral or contralateral flocculus (latency, 0.94 msec) but not from the flocculi on both sides. There was no preference for projection to either the ipsilateral or contralateral flocculus. Twenty out of 55 neurons were orthodromically activated from the ipsilateral and 15 neurons from the contralateral optic tract. The remaining 20 neurons were excited from the optic tract on both sides. The orthodromic latencies were all in the same range with a mean of 4.7 msec. These findings demonstrate the existence of neurons in the Nrt that transfer visual signals to the flocculus through mossy fiber afferents. They indicate that Nrt neurons may contribute to controlling eye movements through the flocculus. PMID- 7225809 TI - Supraspinal inhibition of the excitation of dorsal horn neurones by impulses in unmyelinated primary afferents: lack of effect by strychnine and bicuculline. AB - In barbiturate anaesthetized cats, tonic descending inhibition of the excitation of lumbar dorsal horn neurones by impulses in unmyelinated primary afferents was measured by reversibly cooling a more cephalic segment. Administered electrophoretically in the substantia gelatinosa and at sites progressively closer to cell bodies, amounts of bicuculline and strychnine adequate to reduce segmental inhibition failed to reduce supraspinal inhibition. Intravenous bicuculline and strychnine also failed to reduce supraspinal inhibition. PMID- 7225810 TI - Spreading depression induced by microinjection of enkephalins into the hippocampus and neocortex. AB - The opioid peptides Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin and D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide were injected at various concentrations into the neocortex and hippocampus of rats to examine their effects on EEG activity and DC potentials. All three compounds were found to elicit spreading depression (SD) in both structures. Higher doses of Met-enkephalin were required to elicit SD as well as seizure activity. In the hippocampus the wave of SD was frequently preceded by seizure activity which was antagonized by naloxone pretreatment (40 mg/kg i.p.). Naloxone also prevented Leu-enkephalin-induced SD in the neocortex (but not in the hippocampus) and Met-enkephalin-induced SD in the hippocampus (but not in the neocortex). It failed to block SD elicited by D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide in both structures. Some of the various reported behavioral effects of intracranial injections of enkephalins could be artefacts of hippocampal and/or cortical spreading depression. PMID- 7225811 TI - Dopamine-activated adenylate cyclase of spinal cord: supersensitivity following transection of the cord. AB - A dopamine-activated adenylate cyclase has been identified in a membrane fraction of rat spinal cord. The concentration of dopamine producing half-maximal activation is about 5 microM and the activation is blocked by haloperidol. Apomorphine also activates the cyclase. Following transection of the cord, adenylate cyclase becomes about 5-10 times more sensitive to dopamine below the transection. The presence of dopamine-activated adenylate cyclase in the cord is consistent with reports of dopamine-containing tracts in spinal cord. This neuronal system may play an essential role in normal spinal mechanisms, in disease associated with dopaminergic neurons, as well as in the side-effects of neuroleptic drugs. PMID- 7225812 TI - The release of endogenous amino acids into the vitreous of the intact eye of the albino rat: effect of light, potassium, and ouabain. AB - The vitreal space of the intact eye of albino rats was perfused in vivo. The concentration of several endogenous amino acids in the vitreal effluent was measured by the [3H]microdansylation procedure. GABA was never detected despite a sensitivity of the method of 0.5 pmol. In contrast to previous results obtained in pigmented rats, photic stimulation with flashing white light did not alter the release of glycine or any of the other amino acids. Potassium (60 mM) and ouabain (0.1 mM) evoked a specific release of glycine. The potassium-evoked release was blocked by magnesium suggesting a neuronal site of origin of glycine. Ouabain evoked release was not blocked by magnesium. The results were contrasted with experiments on radiolabeled amino acid release from retinas preloaded and superfused in vitro, a condition in which glial localization of exogenous amino acids predominates. PMID- 7225813 TI - Golgi cells of the cerebellum are inhibited by inferior olive activity. AB - Golgi cells of the cerebellar cortex are inhibited by activation of the inferior olive by direct electrical stimulation, or by appropriate peripheral stimulation. The strength of the inhibition is correlated with the intensity of inferior olive activation. These results indicate that the olivocerebellar inhibition of Purkinje cells is probably not mediated by the Golgi cells, and suggest previously undetected effects of the inferior olive on cerebellar cortical information processing. PMID- 7225815 TI - Analysis of monocular optokinetic nystagmus in normal and visually deprived kittens. AB - The asymmetry of monocular OKN was assessed in normal, monocularly deprived (non deprived eye) and strabismic cats. No significant differences were observed between the responses of these 3 groups. In young kittens, the gain of OKN for nasalward stimulus movement was larger than that for temporalward. This asymmetry declined to a low residual level by about one year of age. Neurophysiological recordings indicated that the symmetry of OKN is not related to cortical binocularity. PMID- 7225814 TI - Binaural response characteristics of single neurons in the medial superior olivary nucleus of the albino rat. AB - Binaural response properties of single neurons in the medial superior olivary nucleus (MSO) were investigated in the anesthetized rat. Stimulus parameters studied included interaural time difference and interaural intensity difference. In the present study, of the two cell types observed in the rat MSO nucleus, EE and EI, variations in the binaural response properties of the MSO neurons permitted further subclassifications, which may be related to the dendritic dominance of the MSO neurons. PMID- 7225816 TI - Differential distribution of different classes of Necturus retinal ganglion cells. AB - The responses of Necturus retinal ganglion cells were recorded extracellularly. Each cell was characterized by its response type and the distance between its receptive field center and the center of the optic disc. There was a statistically reliable difference between the locations of sustained-ON cell and the locations of sustained-OFF and ON-OFF cells. Thus, the different classes of Necturus retinal ganglion cells are differentially distributed across the surface of the retina. PMID- 7225817 TI - H2-Receptors mediate increases in permeability of the blood-brain barrier during arterial histamine infusion. PMID- 7225818 TI - Intraventricular angiotensin II increases brain vascular permeability. PMID- 7225819 TI - Increased calcium accumulation by brain mitochondria in dystrophic mice. PMID- 7225820 TI - Identification of avian brain regions responsive to retinal slip using 2 deoxyglucose. PMID- 7225821 TI - Anesthetics and the habenulo-interpeduncular system: selective sparing of metabolic activity. AB - The method of regional localization of brain metabolism by [14C]deoxyglucose during anesthesia in rats shows that pentobarbital, ether and chloral hydrate reduce deoxyglucose uptake in most neuronal regions, with one common exception: spared or increased metabolism is found in the medial habenula, the interpeduncular nucleus, and the habenulo-interpeduncular tract. Prior destruction of afferent inputs abolishes the selective metabolic sparing in the habenulo-interpeduncular system during chloral hydrate anesthesia. PMID- 7225822 TI - Regional distribution of [3H]imipramine binding in rat brain. AB - [3H]imipramine binding was measured in 23 microdissected areas of the rat brain and compared to published values for the endogenous levels of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine in the same areas. The density of [3H]imipramine binding sites appears to be highly correlated with the distribution of endogenous serotonin especially where the serotonin is located mainly in nerve terminals. A weak but still significant correlation also exists with the distribution of endogenous noradrenaline whereas no such correlation could be detected for endogenous dopamine. PMID- 7225823 TI - Autoradiographic studies of estrogen target cells in the forebrain of larval lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. AB - The distribution of estrogen target neurons is assessed in the forebrain of larval sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, by the use of thaw-mount autoradiography. Following the injection of [3H]estradiol-17 beta, radioactively labeled neurons are found in the ventral telencephalon and in the ventral and dorsal diencephalon, including preoptic, central hypothalamic, and thalamic regions. In the pallium no labeled cells exist. Pituitary glands, obtained from two of the animals, contain no labeled cells. The topographical distribution of estrogen target neurons in larval lamprey is similar to that of adult animals. The number of target neurons in larval lamprey, however, is lower than in the adult. The presence of target cells indicates that gonadal steroids act on the brain at this early stage of development. The lack of concentration of estrogen in pituitary cells suggests an absence of feedback regulation of estrogen at the pituitary level. PMID- 7225824 TI - Stimulation of the gerbil's gustatory receptors by artificial sweeteners. AB - Some electrophysiological and behavioral taste experiments have been undertaken to determine how the Mongolian gerbil responds to artificial sweeteners. In the electrophysiological experiment only fourteen of twenty-one sweeteners produced neural responses. The most potent compound was L-4'-cyano-3-(2,2,2 trifluoroacetamido)succinanilic acid. Halogenated derivatives were more potent stimuli than non-halogenated ones. D-Tryptophan was stimulatory while L tryptophan was not. The electrophysiological responses to sucrose were not inhibited by the presence of non-stimulating sweeteners nor were the responses to D-tryptophan inhibited by L-tryptophan. All the compounds that were stimulatory electrophysiologically were used in the behavior experiment. Using conditioned taste aversion, the gerbils responded to 5 of the compounds as sweet, one as sweet-salty, two as sweet-bitter, one as sour and one as bitter. In addition, 3 compounds were drunk equally by all groups suggesting that they were tasteless or possessed some unknown taste quality. A correlation was found between the efficacy (Kd) of the sweet-tasting compounds (pure sweet or mixed sweet) and the sweetness ranking by humans. PMID- 7225825 TI - Sensory neurotoxins: chemically induced selective destruction of primary sensory neurons. AB - Neonatal capsaicin treatment has been shown to cause selective degeneration of chemosensitive primary sensory neurons involved in the mediation of chemogenic pain and in neurogenic inflammatory responses. In the present study the neurotoxic effect of capsaicin congeners was investigated in the newborn rat. Some quantitative data on the selective neurotoxic action of capsaicin are also reported. Electron microscopy indicates that some pungent congeners of capsaicin also induce the selective degeneration of type 'B' sensory ganglion cells. At high doses the distribution pattern of axon terminal degeneration within the spinal cord and brain stem was equivalent to that observed after neonatal capsaicin treatment. The neurotoxic potency of capsaicin congeners, unlike desensitizing activity, is closely related to the sensory irritant property of these compounds. It is concluded that primary sensory neurons degenerating after the administration of these capsaicin congeners may correspond to substance P containing chemosensitive primary sensory neurons involved in the transmission of nociceptive impulses. PMID- 7225826 TI - Evoked potential in the lateral geniculate body as modified by enucleation of one eye in the albino rat. AB - Evoked potential was recorded from the lateral geniculate body (LGB) in response to stimulation of the uncrossed optic nerve in rats with one eye removed at varying days of age after birth. A postsynaptic component of the evoked potential was found to be potentiated if the enucleation was made during the first 30 postnatal days. It was speculated that when enucleation was made during 10 days after birth potentiation would be brought about by an increase in the number of the uncrossed optic nerve fibers, but enucleation after that period would produce potentiation by terminal sprouting of the regular uncrossed optic nerve fibers. In addition, the possibility was discussed that enucleation in the first 30 days might also produce potentiation by a more efficient or more numerous transmitter release at the regular uncrossed optic nerve terminals. PMID- 7225827 TI - Interaction of stereoisomers of barbiturates with [3H]alpha-dihydropicrotoxinin binding sites. AB - Racemic depressant barbiturates inhibit the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonist [3H]alpha-dihydropicrotoxinin (DHP) to rat brain membranes with IC50 values ranging from 5 to 50 microM. The (-) isomers of pentobarbital and secobarbital were three to four-fold more potent that their (+) isomers in inhibiting [3H]DHP binding. In contrast, the (+) isomer of hexobarbital was a better inhibitor than (-) hexobarbital. The stereoisomers of 1-methyl-5-phenyl-5 propylbarbituric acid (MPPB), which show opposite pharmacological activity, inhibited [3H]DHP binding in a biphasic manner with a plateau at 4-100 nM MPPB. These results suggest heterogeneity of DHP binding sites. The possibility that depressant and convulsant barbiturates may act at the level of DHP site at the GABA synapse is discussed. PMID- 7225828 TI - On climbing fibre projections to cerebellar paramedian lobule activated from mesencephalon in the cat. AB - Climbing fibre projections to cerebellar paramedian lobule activated from structures in medial midbrain tegmentum were studied in chloralose anaesthetized cats. Three sagittal zones were identified, from medial to lateral c1, c2 and d1 zones. The c1 and d1 zones were activated, at the same short latency, from a dorsal tegmental region with a location similar to the composite bundle called the central tegmental tract. The d1 zone is probably activated via rubro-olivary fibres and the c1 zone via some other fibres in this bundle. The path to the c2 zone seemed to proceed only partly within this dorsal tegmental region. The d1 zone was also activated, at longer latency, from a region ventral to the red nucleus. PMID- 7225829 TI - Eye position and head velocity signals are conveyed to medial rectus motoneurons in the alert cat by the ascending tract of Deiters'. AB - Eye position and head velocity signals are conveyed to medial rectus extraocular motoneurons in the alert cat by the ascending tract of Deiters'. Physiologically and behaviorally identified ascending Deiters' neurons have been injected intra axonally and their morphology studied. PMID- 7225830 TI - Sprouting in the hippocampus is accompanied by an increase in coated vesicles. AB - Coated vesicles within dentate gyrus granule cell dendrites were found free in the cytoplasm and also attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and plasmalemma. Coated vesicles began increasing in number 40-48 h following partial dendritic deafferentation. This increase continued up to 15-30 days postlesion, after which the population steadily declined to control values. These results combined with the findings of previous studies suggest an involvement of coated vesicles in synaptic reinnervation. PMID- 7225831 TI - Prior strabismus protects kitten cortical neurons from the effects of monocular deprivation. AB - The effects of 8 days of monocular eyelid suture beginning at 45 days of age were compared in normal kittens and in kittens which had been made strabismic by surgery early in life. In both groups of animals, monocular deprivation increased the relative strength of inputs from the non-deprived eye at the cortical level, but this effect was clearly less pronounced in the strabismic animals. The reduced effect of monocular deprivation in strabismic animals was observed mainly in the cortical hemisphere contralateral to the deprived eye. PMID- 7225832 TI - Inner hair cell responses to the velocity of basilar membrane motion in the guinea pig. AB - Triangular wave acoustic stimulation at 200 Hz produced the expected square wave cochlear microphonic at the round window membrane and within the scala media. Intracellular recordings from inner hair cells (IHC) of the first cochlear turn showed a combination waveform having both spike impulse and square wave features. The IHC response suggests a sensitivity of these cells to both the displacement and to the velocity of basilar membrane motion. PMID- 7225833 TI - Central respiratory drive potentials and membrane potential trajectories in phrenic motoneurons. AB - Membrane potential trajectories were quantitatively assessed during the burst phase of cat phrenic motoneuron discharges. During burst progression the after hyperpolarization shifted in the depolarizing direction with little change in spike threshold. Argument is made that these results constitute indirect evidence for the accumulation of potassium ions in the extracellular space of the phrenic motoneuron pool. Functional consequences regarding cell synchronization and recruitment are also discussed. PMID- 7225834 TI - Contribution of joint and cutaneous afferents to longer-latency reflexes in man. AB - Electromyographic records from wrist extensors and flexors show a short latency reflex response, M1 and a longer latency response comprising of M2 and M3 peaks. M1 corresponds to the spinal stretch reflex and hence mediated by spindle afferents. In order to determine the contribution of various afferent types to M2 M3 components and simple reaction times, reflexes were elicited before and after anaesthetic blocks of palm cutaneous and wrist joint afferents in human subjects. The results show that joint and cutaneous afferents have no significant contribution to the longer latency reflexes or simple reaction times. PMID- 7225835 TI - Kindling in developing rats: variability of afterdischarge thresholds with age. AB - In the kindling model, the occurrence of afterdischarges is necessary for the development of seizures. In this study, the afterdischarge thresholds of the amygdala were determined in rats of 4 different age groups, beginning with 15-day old suckling rats. Afterdischarges were triggered in 75% of the suckling rats and in all of the rats in the older age groups. The afterdischarge thresholds varied with age, being highest in the suckling group, lowest in the 35-day-old group and intermediate in the older groups. This variability of the thresholds did not correlate with the alterations in the catecholamine levels in the amygdala that occur during maturation. The failure of 25% of suckling rats to develop afterdischarges may explain why some suckling rats do not kindle. PMID- 7225836 TI - Extracellular potassium activity during frequency-dependent conduction block of giant axons in the metathoracic ganglion of the cockroach. AB - In the metathoracic ganglion (T3) of the cockroach, extracellular potassium activity (aK) was measured with ion-sensitive microelectrodes and intracellular recordings were simultaneously made from giant axons (GAs) during high frequency stimulation of the connectives. Blockade of spike conduction through T3 was associated with intraganglionic aK rises of 0.2-0.5 mM, which were only 10% of the periaxonal aK rises suggested from GA depolarizations. When aK in the bath was increased 10-fold, GA conduction block during 1 Hz stimulation did not occur until much higher levels of aK and GA depolarization were achieved. The results suggest that glial sheaths surrounding GAs significantly impede K+ movement, and may thus prevent non-specific axonal interactions, and that stimulus-induced conduction block is not primarily due to K+-induced depolarization and consequent Na+-inactivation. PMID- 7225837 TI - Sensitivity to GABA of neurons of the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei in the rat. AB - GABA was applied iontophoretically to dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate (LGd and LGv) neurons in rats. Spontaneous discharges were readily suppressed in both species of neurons. While in LGd neurons, evoked discharges by optic nerve stimulation were suppressed as readily as were spontaneous discharges, LGv neurons were characterized in that evoked discharges were much more resistant than spontaneous discharges. PMID- 7225838 TI - The subunit composition of cerebellar tubulin: evidence for multiple beta tubulin messenger RNAs. AB - Cytoplasmic proteins were isolated from adult rat forebrain and cerebellum and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis under conditions which the major subunits of tubulin were separated. Forebrain cytoplasmic tubulin consisted of two groups of alpha subunits (alpha 1 and alpha 2) and a minimum of two beta subunits (beta 1 and beta 2). However, the rat cerebellar cytoplasmic proteins contained greatly decreased amounts of the beta 1 tubulin subunit relative to the analysis of forebrain proteins. Messenger RNA (mRNA) was purified from cerebellum and forebrain and translated in wheat germ homogenate. Analysis of the translation products of cerebellar mRNA indicated only a trace amount of the beta 1 subunit, whereas the expected amount of beta 1 was found among the translation products of forebrain mRNA. This data is consistent with the conclusion that the beta 1 and beta 2 subunits of tubulin are synthesized from different mRNAs. A decrease in beta 1 mRNA relative to other tubulin mRNAs may be one of the factors responsible for the low steady state amounts of beta 1 tubulin in the cerebellum. PMID- 7225839 TI - Effects of methamphetamine on blood flow in the caudate-putamen after lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic bundle in the rat. AB - Methamphetamine was given to rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic bundle. In these animals local cerebral blood flow, measured autoradiographically with [14C]iodoantipyrine as the diffusible tracer, was more than twice as high in the denervated caudate-putamen as compared to control. Measurements of local glucose consumption with the [14C]deoxyglucose technique showed no corresponding change in local metabolic rate. In fact, glucose consumption was lower in the caudate-putamen on the lesion side. The results show that the amphetamine-induced increase in cerebral blood flow does not require an inact nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Furthermore, dopamine released by amphetamine seems to constrict the vessels and reduce the blood flow in the caudate-putamen. PMID- 7225841 TI - Loss of membrane excitability after herpes simplex virus infection in tissue cultured nerve cells from adult mammals. AB - Dorsal root ganglion cells of adult guinea-pigs in vitro were inoculated with herpes simplex virus (HSV). Intracellular recording with a glass microelectrode revealed that HSV-infection caused a marked decrease in membrane excitability of the nerve cells within 24 h, which could be explained as a decrease in Na+ channel activity in the plasma membrane; while changes in other physiological properties (resting membrane potential, membrane resistance and capacitance) remain small. Viral antigens were detected in only 10-15% of the HSV-infected nerve cells. These indicate that the loss of the membrane excitability occurs much earlier than any other change in the HSV-infected nerve cells. PMID- 7225840 TI - Acetylcholine induced modulation of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. AB - Applications of acetylcholine to hippocampal slices maintained in vitro resulted in slow depolarizations and simultaneous increases in membrane resistance (RN)in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Increases in RN had both voltage dependent and voltage independent components. These effects were associated with increases in cell discharge frequency, and development of spontaneous as well as synaptically and directly evoked burst discharges. The increase in RN and burst firing lasted for hours. Muscarinic antagonists blocked these actions and in addition, produced a decrease in membrane resistance, which appeared to be due to blockade of a tonic effect of acetylcholine on postsynaptic membrane properties. These findings suggest that ACh acts as a neuromodulator in the hippocampus. PMID- 7225842 TI - Release of beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin from rat hypothalami in vitro. AB - Hypothalamic tissue extracts of rats were chromatographed and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity (beta-Endi) was measured. The two major peaks of beta-Endi co eluted with beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) and beta-End respectively. Hypophysectomy caused a local decrease of beta-LPH and beta-End concentrations in the mediobasal hypothalamus. During superfusion of hypothalamic tissue blocks in vitro, membrane depolarization by electric stimulation or 45 mM k+ induced a Ca2+-dependent release of both beta-LPH and beta-End. PMID- 7225843 TI - Experimentally induced enlargement of the uncrossed retinotectal pathway in rats. AB - The present experiments investigate the effects of neonatal lesions upon projection patterns of the uncrossed retinotectal pathway in albino rats. The results indicate that enlargement of the terminal field from one eye can be induced either by a contralateral optic tract lesion or by removal of the opposite eye at birth. The extent of the enlargement is more prominent in the latter case. If an optic tract lesion is accompanied by eye enucleation on the side ipsilateral to the tract lesion, the uncrossed retinotectal projection from the remaining eye will undergo further enlargement. However, optic fiber counts show that such an enlargement of the terminal field is not due to a significant increase in the number of uncrossed optic axons which contribute to the enlarged projection, but rather to an increased terminal arbor of individual axons (as shown by results from fiber counts). While a severe ganglion cell loss was observed in the retina contralateral to a tract lesion, a substantial population of cells persists in the ganglion cell layer and the number of cells appear much higher than the number of uncrossed optic axons arising from the same eye. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to results reported in previous studies. PMID- 7225844 TI - Responses to cortical injury: I. Methodology and local effects of contusions in the rat. AB - In order to develop some understanding of the evolution of cortical contusions, interdisciplinary studies including behavior, morphology and histochemistry were conducted at varying intervals after standardized injuries. A method for producing graded and reproducible focal cortical contusions in the rat is described. When these impact injuries are made in the "hindpaw cortical area,' specific trauma dose dependent behavioral deficits can be readily observed in the contralateral hindlimb. While most functional recovery occurs in the first two weeks after trauma, with severe contusions, deficits persist beyond 90 days. Morphologically these injuries progress from hemorrhages in white matter directly under contused cortex during the first hours after injury to the development of a necrotic cavity by 24 hours. The cavitation appears to expand over the subsequent two weeks and by 15 days is lined with fibroblast-like elements and macrophages. Intense acid phosphatase activity is seen on the borders of the area of necrosis. This lysosomal enzyme may participate in autolysis and development of focal cavitation following cortical contusion. PMID- 7225845 TI - Arterial hypertension elicited either by lesions or by electrical stimulations of the rostral hypothalamus in the rat. AB - Bilateral anodal lesions performed with stainless steel electrodes placed either in the anterior medial (AMH) or lateral (ALH) hypothalamus, or in the ventromedial nucleus (VMH), induced in unrestrained rats the rapid development of arterial hypertension, tachycardia and death. Similarly placed cathodal lesions performed with platinum electrodes failed to elicit the cardiovascular syndrome. The electrical stimulation of the AMH, ALH or VMH caused an increased in the arterial blood pressure in anesthetized rats. This pressor response was characteristically biphasic and consisted of a sharp increase in arterial pressure at the onset of the stimulation, followed by a second elevation at the end of the stimulation. The hypertension evoked either by lesions or by stimulations of the hypothalamus, appeared to depend largely on a neurally mediated release of adrenal medullary catecholamines, and to some extent on the activation of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers. Bilateral adrenalectomy, or adrenal demedullation, prevented the hypertension evoked by lesions, and selectively blocked the important secondary phase of the pressor response elicited by stimulation, but did not affect the primary phase. The latter was specifically eliminated by the destruction of the sympathetic vasomotor axons with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). On the other hand, the tachycardia evoked by lesions or stimulations of the medial hypothalamus, resulted from an increase in sympathetic neural discharges to the heart, and it was abolished either by beta receptor blockade with sotalol or by chemical sympathectomy with 6-OHDA. In contrast, the tachycardia occurring after lesions of the lateral hypothalamus was entirely due to circulating adrenal medullary catecholamines and it was eliminated by adrenalectomy. It is concluded that acute hypertension and tachycardia produced by anodal lesions performed with stainless steel electrodes results from the excitation of the hypothalamus, possibly due to the irritative action of the metallic ions deposited at the lesion sites. The observations of cardiovascular responses entirely due to adrenomedullary secretions suggests that the control of the adrenal medulla is at least partially distinct from that of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor and cardiac fibers, at the rostral hypothalamic level. PMID- 7225846 TI - Laminar connections of the cat's auditory cortex. AB - The retrograde and the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase were used to study the connections established by cells in different layers of the cat's primary auditory cortex (AI). Injections of peroxidase into the medial geniculate body show that pyramidal cells in layers V and VI of AI are the sources of the corticothalamic projections. Large pyramidal cells in the outer rim of layer V also send their axons to the inferior colliculus, and it is possible that some of these cells have axons that branch to innervate both the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body. Cells in AI that give rise to callosal axons lie principally in layers III and VI. The callosal neurons are found in irregular clusters as wide as 1100 microgram separated by spaces that contain relatively few callosal neurons. Experiments utilizing the anterograde transport of peroxidase show that callosal terminals are found in bands running from layers VI through I. These bands are about 500 microgram in width, and the terminals seem most densely packed in layers II and III. Since the dimensions of the cell clusters and bands of callosal terminals are not the same, it is likely that not all zones which give rise to callosal axons also receive them. The bands of callosal terminals labeled by orthograde transport may be seen in the same section along with the cell bodies labeled by retrograde transport, and the two zones of label are clearly not coextensive. Complete reciprocity, therefore, seems to be absent in the callosal auditory pathway. PMID- 7225847 TI - Decreased dopamine turnover in the median eminence in response to suckling in the lactating rat. AB - The effects of suckling on the turnover of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) were studied in terminal projection fields of the tuberoinfundibular (median eminence, ME), nigrostriatal (caudate nucleus, CN), incertohypothalamic (medial preoptic nucleus, MPN) and mesolimbic (nucleus accumbens, NA) dopaminergic neurons. Decreased dopamine turnover in the median eminence was found in suckled compared with nonsuckled rats at 10 days postpartum. This effect was specific as dopamine turnover in the CN, NA and MPN and norepinephrine turnover in the ME, NA and MPN were not affected by suckling. The suckling-induced prolactin response is markedly blunted in rats 20 days postpartum. In these rats, median eminence dopamine turnover did not decrease significantly in response to suckling. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that median eminence dopamine is a physiological prolactin inhibitory factor mediating suckling-induced prolactin release. PMID- 7225848 TI - Electron microscopic identification of axon terminals of retinopretectal fibers in the cat by a combined horseradish peroxidase and tritiated amino acids tracing method. AB - The terminal nucleus of the optic tract in the pretectum was observed electron microscopically in the cat after intravitreous injection of a mixture of HRP and tritriated amino acids. Autoradiographic silver grains, and often also HRP granules, were seen in large axon terminals containing round synaptic vesicles and pale mitochondria. These terminals occasionally made synaptic contracts with the presynaptic dendrites and were involved in the formation of the synaptic triad. PMID- 7225849 TI - Two pathways from the facial skin to the superior colliculus in the rat. AB - In response to single shock stimulation of the facial skin, the field potential of two negative waves (N1 and N2) appear in the intermediate layers of the rat superior colliculus (SC). From the experiments of functional ablations of the cortical facial area, the N1 wave was ascribed to the post-synaptic activity mediated by the direct trigemino-tectal pathway whereas the N2 wave to that mediated by the trigemino-cortico-tectal pathway. Single unit recordings also confirmed the existence of two pathways from the facial skin to the intermediate layers of SC. PMID- 7225850 TI - Loss of axon terminals contacting neuronal somata in the dentate gyrus of aged rats. PMID- 7225851 TI - Surgical determination of the site of crossing of jaw-opening reflex evoked by tooth pulp stimulation in the cat. AB - Tooth pulp stimulation in the cat evokes a jaw-opening reflex that is usually bilateral. We defined the location of fibers crossing to activate the contralateral reflex by making midline sagittal transections at peripheral and central levels in 11 anesthesized cats. A local midsagittal transection of the brain stem 2-4 mm above the obex selectively eliminated the contralateral reflex response. Midline sagittal transections of the maxilla, mandible, cervical cord, or upper brain stem did not. PMID- 7225852 TI - Evidence that the noradrenergic coerulospinal projection decussates at the spinal level. PMID- 7225853 TI - Properties and regional distribution of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the rat hypothalamus. AB - The rat hypothalamus has the capacity to bind alpha-bungarotoxin with high affinity to a saturable number of non-interacting receptors with a pharmacologic profile consistent with a nicotinic receptor. Studies of the hypothalamic nuclear distribution of cholinergic receptors showed no specific pattern of enrichment of muscarinic receptors. In contrast, there was a distinct distribution of nicotinic receptors with high concentrations in the suprachiasmatic, dorsomedial and preoptic suprachiasmatic nuclei. Thus, the quantitative distribution of nicotinic receptors in hypothalamic nuclei is in general agreement with the observed autoradiographic distribution of radioactive alpha bungarotoxin. Further, these results confirm the existence of high concentrations of nicotinic receptors in hypothalamic regions of the rat implicated in neuroendocrine function. PMID- 7225854 TI - Spiral ganglion neuron loss following organ of Corti loss: a quantitative study. AB - The packing density of spiral ganglion neurons was measured in 2.5- and 13-15 month-old guinea pigs, in guinea pigs at various times after drug-deafening or acoustic trauma, and in Waltzing guinea pigs of various ages. Analysis of variance and Duncan's new multiple range tests were used to determine significant differences between treatment/survival groups. Spiral ganglion neurons in young and old normal ears did not have significantly different packing densities. Drug deaf guinea pigs showed a significant loss of neurons by 2 weeks following treatment, a further significant loss by 2 months, and a marginally significant loss between 4 and 8 months. The neuronal population was then stable through 15 months, at about 13% of normal. Acoustic trauma ears showed the first significant loss isn the lower second turn at 1 month. Long-term (12-14 months post-exposure) trauma ears were highly variable. Waltzers lost about 50% of their normal neuronal population between 4 and 8 months; they showed an unexpected greater than-normal density at 2 months, possible explanations of which are discussed. Thus, loss of the organ of Corti from various causes results in a slow but progressive loss of spiral ganglion neurons, the time course of which varies with the type of cochlear insult. PMID- 7225855 TI - Expression of mosaicism in females heterozygous for Jimpy. AB - The Jimpy mouse is a sex-linked neurological mutant characterized by a paucity of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). The distribution of myelin in the optic nerves of female carriers of the Jimpy gene exhibits a mosaic pattern such that patches of tissue along the nerve are identical in appearance to the hemizygote male, while other areas appear normal. PMID- 7225857 TI - Growth dependent induction of high affinity gamma-amino-butyric acid transport in cultures of a normal human brain cell line. AB - Dense, growth inhibited cultures of the human putative glial cell line U-787CG were found to take up gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via a high-affinity transport mechanism (Km = 1.2 microM) not detectable in sparse, rapidly growing cultures. The uptake of GABA was essentially the same in young and old dense cultures indicating that the induction of the high-affinity GABA transport was dependent on cell density and/or growth rate rather than time in culture after trypsinization. PMID- 7225856 TI - Synaptic actions of vagal afferents on facial motoneurons in the cat. AB - Synaptic potentials in facial motoneurons of cats were intracellularly recorded on stimulation of the vagal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, solitary tract nucleus and spinal trigeminal tract nucleus. A possible disynaptic excitation was elicited in the facial motoneurons by stimulation of the vagal nerves and superior laryngeal nerves on both sides. Activation of the neurons in the solitary tract nucleus and/or trigeminal tract nucleus induced monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the facial motoneurons. PMID- 7225858 TI - Regional distribution of ascorbate in human brain. AB - A comprehensive mapping of ascorbate distribution in human brain was carried out by liquid chromatography analysis. The data agree with earlier literature values where comparable and provide new information on several brain regions, including a detailed distribution in the thalamus. While ascorbate concentrations tend to be high in regions rich in catecholamines, there is no real correlation between the two. PMID- 7225859 TI - Cross-tolerance between D-amino acids and morphine in mice. AB - The effects of morphine administration on analgesia and running activity were studied in DBA/2 (DBA) and C57BL/6 (C57) mice respectively, injected with D-amino acids (D-AA) for 5 days. The results indicate a clear cross-tolerance between D AA and morphine in DBA mice when analgesia is considered, while the stimulating effect of the opiate is not modified after D-AA pretreatment in the C57 strain. PMID- 7225860 TI - Intraventricular carbachol mimics the phase-shifting effect of light on the circadian rhythm of wheel-running activity. AB - Intraventricular injections of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, into free running mice can cause phase dependent phase shifts, in both directions, in the circadian rhythm of wheel-running activity. These effects mimic the action of light in entraining the circadian pacemaker, and suggest that acetylcholine may play a role in photoentrainment. PMID- 7225861 TI - Effect of DLF lesions at different spinal levels on morphine induced analgesia. AB - The effect of morphine on tail flick latency was tested in 3 groups of rats. It is shown that in normal rats and in rats with a bilateral DLF lesion at Th10 or lower spinal root segments, morphine increased the tail flick latency. After a bilateral DLF lesion at Th9 or higher segments, morphine did not change the tail flick latency. PMID- 7225862 TI - The effects of strychnine and bicuculline on the responses of X- and Y-cells of the isolated eye-cut preparation of the cat. AB - The effects of strychnine and bicuculline, the respective antagonists of glycine and GABA, on the inhibitory responses of X- and Y-type retinal ganglion cells of the cat were investigated using an isolated eye-cup preparation. The surround inhibition of the on-center X-cell was blocked by strychnine, whereas that of the on-center Y-cell was blocked by bicuculline. In the case of the off-center cells, bicuculline indifferently blocked the center and the surround responses of either the X-cell or the Y-cell, but strychnine did not. PMID- 7225863 TI - Sexual dimorphism in synaptic organization in the amygdala and its dependence on neonatal hormone environment. PMID- 7225864 TI - The distribution of cholecystokinin immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat as determined by radioimmunoassay. AB - The regional distribution of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the rat brain was determined utilizing a radioimmunoassay which detects both gastrin and CCK. CCK concentration is highest in the caudate nucleus (10-14 ng CCK 8 equivalents/mg protein), followed by the cerebral cortex. Within the cerebral cortex, CCK is highest in the cingulate, pyriform, and entorhinal areas. There are substantial CCK concentrations in all other brain regions except pons, medulla and cerebellum. CCK is widely distributed in the hypothalamus, where it is highest in the median eminence and ventromedial nucleus. Considerable CCK-like immunoreactivity is also present in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, but is not detectable in anterior and intermediate lobes. Though the antisera used in this study cross-react with gastrin the dominant CCK-like material found in rat brain co-elutes with sulfated CCK 8 and separates from gastrin on Sephadex G-25 and HPLC chromatography. PMID- 7225865 TI - Immunoreactive calcitonin in the central nervous system of the pigeon. AB - To determine whether calcitonin (CT) is present in avian central nervous system (CNS), as it has been recently found in the CNS of other species, we studied extracts of pigeon (Columbia livia) brain by immunochemical methods. A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for salmon CT was used together with gel filtration and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Extracts of hypothalamus contained 31.5 +/- 9.65 ng/g wet weight as salmon CT-like immunoreactivity while extracts of midbrain and brain stem contained 17.0 +/- 5.00 and 2.85 +/- 2.1 ng/g wet weight respectively. Extracts of whole pituitary gland, other areas of the CNS and vazrious peripheral tissues were below the detection limits of our assay, but salmon CT-like immunoreactivity was present in ultimobranchial gland (UBG), thyroid gland and lung tissue extracts. On Sephadex G-50 chromatography extracts of hypothalamic, midbrain, UBG and thyroid gland gave an immunoreactive peak which co-eluted with synthetic salmon CT. However, on HPLC the material in pigeon hypothalamus, midbrain, UBG and thyroid gland eluted in an identical manner when compared to each other but the major peak was 2 ml after that of synthetic salmon CT. These results clearly show that a salmon CT-like immunoreactive molecule is present in pigeon hypothalamus and midbrain, in addition to its main locations in the UBG and thyroid gland. PMID- 7225866 TI - In vivo phosphorylation following [32P]orthophosphate injection into neostriatum or hippocampus: selective and rapid labeling of electrophoretically separated brain proteins. AB - Intracranial injections of [32P]orthophosphate readily label a number of brain phosphoproteins as resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The majority of these in vivo labeled phosphoproteins co-migrate with phosphoproteins that are labeled in vitro by incubation of brain membranes with [32P]ATP. Two of the major in vitro labeled phosphoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 47,000 (band F1) and 41,000 (band F2) are rapidly labeled in vivo. Since they are rapidly dephosphorylated in vitro, this suggests a high rate of phosphate turnover. The electrophoretic pattern of in vivo labeled phosphoproteins did not appear to be altered by the method of sacrifice (focused microwave irradiation, decapitation or liquid nitrogen immersion) or by the state of the animal at the time of labeling (awake or lightly anesthetized with pentobarbital). The reduction of phosphatase activity during tissue processing at 0 degree C may account for the similarities observed with different sacrifice methods. Removal of phospholipids or polynucleotides had little effect on the in vivo labeled 32P-containing bands. However, alkaline hydrolysis or protease treatment uniformly reduced the radioactivity in the labeled bands. These findings suggest that the 32P containing bands consist of phosphoester linkages to serine or threonine residues. The present evidence emphasizes that previously characterized in vitro labeled brain phosphoproteins are, in fact, labeled in the awake, freely-moving animal. PMID- 7225867 TI - Evidence of the modulatory role of serotonin in acetylcholine release from striatal interneurons. AB - The release of acetylcholine was studied in isolated striatal slices of the rat. The spontaneous and ouabain-stimulated release of acetylcholine was higher in those slices where serotonergic input was somehow impaired: raphe nuclei lesion or p-chlorophenylalanine pretreatment or 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine pretreatment resulted in a higher release. L-(m-chlorophenyl)-piperazine, a pure serotonin receptor stimulant and D-fenfluramine, a serotonin releaser significantly reduced the release of acetylcholine evoked by ouabain. Serotonin antagonists (cyproheptadine, mianserine and methysergide) prevented the effect of serotonin agonists. When the serotonergic neurons were destroyed either by p chlorophenylalanine or by 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine pretreatment D-fenfluramine had no inhibitory action; however, the effect of L-(m-chlorophenyl)-piperazine was not affected. It is suggested that there is a link between serotonergic and cholinergic neurons in the striatum: serotonin released from raphe-striatal neurons is able to inhibit the release of acetylcholine from striatal interneurons. PMID- 7225868 TI - Cortical connections of the occipital lobe in the rhesus monkey: interconnections between areas 17, 18, 19 and the superior temporal sulcus. AB - Using both anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques, the present report investigates the cortical connections of the lateral, median and ventral portions of areas 17 and 18 in the rhesus monkey. All parts of area 17 are found to send topographically organized connections to a strip of prestriate cortex which closely corresponds to area OB of Bonin and Bailey or area 18 of Vogt and Vogt. Striate-recipient area 18, in turn, is topographically connected with an anterior prestriate zone, whose borders coincide with those of area OA or 19. These efferents are topographically organized, with connections from the medial surface of area 18 directed to lateral parts of area 19. In addition, certain parts of area 18, in the annectent gyrus and the inferior occipital sulcus, send 'crossed', dorsoventral connections to ventral and dorsal parts of area 19, respectively. Both areas 17 and 18 project in a topographic fashion to a distinct region in the caudal part of the superior temporal sulcus. Topographically organized reciprocal connections are also found from area 18 to 17, from area 19 to 18, and from the superior temporal sulcus to both areas 17 and 18. PMID- 7225869 TI - The organization of the efferent projections of the parabrachial nucleus of the forebrain in the rat: a retrograde fluorescent double-labeling study. AB - The organization of the efferent projections of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) to the forebrain has been investigated in the rat by means of combined injections of two fluorescent retrograde tracers: red fluorescent Evans Blue and a blue fluorescent mixture of 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindol 2 HCl and primuline. First, the distributions of retrogradely labeled neurons in the PBN after bilateral injections of tracers in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA) was examined. The CNA on one side of the brain was injected with one of the tracers and the CNA on the opposite side of the brain was injected with the other tracer. Next, the distributions of labeled neurons were examined after bilateral ventral medial thalamus (VMT) injections. Finally, the retrograde labeling of the PBN was studied after combined ipsilateral injections of one tracer in the CNa and the other tracer in the VMT. After the various injections, characteristic distributions of populations of labeled neurons within the PBN were seen. Double labeled neurons were present only after bilateral VMT injections. From this it was concluded that the PBN projections to the VMT in the rat are bilateral. Based on the relative distributions of populations primarily taste information to the VMT and mainly visceral information to the CNA. This transfer of information to the forebrain is discussed. PMID- 7225870 TI - Associational and commissural collaterals of neurons in the hippocampal formation (hilus fasciae dentatae and subfield CA3). AB - In rats, True Blue (or Granular Blue) was injected into the hippocampus of one hemisphere and Nuclear Yellow into a homotopic site of the hippocampus of the contralateral hemisphere. Following restricted injections into the septal part of area dentata fluorescent neurons were found in hilus fasciae dentate on both sides except for the most temporal 2 mm, while no fluorescent neurons were found in the Ammon's horn. Following restricted injections into the septal part of CA1, fluorescent CA3 pyramidal cells were found on both sides as far as 5.5--6.0 mm temporal to the injection, while no fluorescent neurons were seen in the hilus fasciae dentate. Hilus neurons simultaneously labeled with the True Blue and Nuclear Yellow were seen following injection of these substances into the area dentata of the two hemispheres, one tracer in each hemisphere, while double labeled CA3 pyramidal cells were seen in cases with analogous injections in the septal part of CA1 of the two hemispheres. We conclude that the commissural and associational fibers to the area dentata and the Ammon's horn arise from neurons in the hilus and the CA3, respectively, and that at least some hilus and CA3 neurons have both an associational and a commissural branch. PMID- 7225871 TI - Acoustically driven thermal-identified neurons in the preoptic area of unanesthetized rabbits. AB - The convergence of acoustically stimulated neural activity onto central and peripheral thermal-stimulated neurons in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (POAH) was studied in the unanesthetized rabbit. POAH single units were either directly thermally stimulated with a water-perfused thermode, or indirectly stimulated by warming the ears with an infrared lamp. There was no statistical distinction in the way central thermal-stimulated neurons responded to an 89 dB, 510 Hz sound pulse. There was a significant interaction in the response of neurons inhibited by skin heating (cold-responsive) to acoustic stimulation with 52% facilitated, 33% inhibited and 15% unaffected. It is possible that some neurons in the POAH are part of a common pathway leading to an activation of thermal- and acoustically-induced changes in motor activity. PMID- 7225872 TI - Operant control of epileptic neurons in chronic foci of monkeys. AB - (1) Six Macaca mulatta monkeys were rendered chronically epileptic by subpial alumina injection in left precentral cortex. The monkeys were then trained to operantly control the firing patterns of single units from the epileptic focus and contralateral homotopic cortex using a standardized paradigm. In 30 experiments, units were recorded simultaneously from both hemispheres. (2) For epileptic and normal neurons, there are no consistent relationships between cortical EEG spikes and unit firing. (3) Previous parameters for quantifying single unit epileptogenicity are not adequate for defining the complex spectrum and relative degree of unit abnormalities within the chronic focus. A primary difference between normal and epileptic neurons is that monkeys can modify the firing pattern and rate of the former but can modify, only slightly, the integrated firing rate of the latter. (4) A previously described 'non-burst' epileptiform firing pattern consisting of 8--18 msec doublets is investigated in further detail. This pattern may represent units along a continuum between normalcy and long-first-interval burst firing. (5) The majority of epileptic units' firing patterns become more normal when the monkey is reinforced to control the firing pattern of a contralateral unit. Then, if the monkey is reinforced to control the epileptic unit, subtle abnormal firing patterns become more apparent. Therefore, the firing patterns of epileptic units are effected in two ways: the non-specific effect of alerting to the operant task, and the more specific effect that accompanies the monkey's attempts to attain reinforcement when it is contingent on the behavior of the specific neuron. (6) Although epileptiform EEG spikes are projected to homotopic contralateral precentral cortex, there is no evidence to suggest that single units within such cortex fire in patterns correlative with intrinsic epileptogenic burst generating properties. Therefore, if the 'mirror focus' is defined as cortex which has become autonomously epileptogenic secondary to persistent transsynaptic activity from a primary focus, these data do not support the concept that mirror foci develop in primate precentral cortex. PMID- 7225873 TI - Regional differences in catecholamine formation and metabolism in the rat spinal cord. AB - Catecholamine metabolism was assessed from the content of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and their metabolites in various regions of the rat spinal cord during steady-state conditions and following treatment with alpha-methyl-p tyrosine. The content of NE was rather uniform along the cord while DA was higher in the rostral portion of the cord than in the caudal portion. For both NE and DA there was a rostrocaudal decrease of their turnover rates along the cord. In the cervical cord, DA was formed at a faster rate than NE. There was no correlation between the content of catecholamine metabolites and amine turnover rates. The non-uniformity of catecholamine turnover in the cord probably arises from the fact that different regions of brain project to different regions of cord, each having a specific physiological function. Furthermore, our study provides added support for the presence of an independent DA-containing neuronal system in the spinal cord. PMID- 7225874 TI - Altered succinate dehydrogenase activity of basal ganglia following to mesotelencephalic dopaminergic projection. AB - Unilateral damage to the mesotelencephalic dopamine-containing projection of rats by intracerebral 6-hydroxydopamine injection, alters the staining of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in the basal ganglia. Relative to the intact hemisphere, the neostriatum ipsilateral to the damage shows diminished enzyme staining, while the ipsilateral globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata all show enhanced deposition of reaction product. These asymmetries are detectable in some animals by 3 days after surgery and increase in magnitude at longer postoperative survival times. The alterations in succinate dehydrogenase staining appear to be related to the severity of the sensorimotor impairments resulting from the injury. PMID- 7225877 TI - Taste aversions conditioned with intravenous copper sulfate: attenuation by ablation of the area postrema. AB - Borison and Wang identified the area postrema as the locus of chemoreceptors that mediate emetic reflexes elicited by blood-borne toxins. In the present experiments we have extended a systematic investigation of the afferent pathways mediating taste aversions by examining the effects of area postrema lesions on the aversions that follow either intravenous or intragastric administration of copper sulfate. Intrajugular cannulas were implanted in rats after ablation of the area postrema (Group AP-L) and in operated controls (Group AP-C). Every third day rats were offered a saccharin solution and immediately afterward were injected intravenously with 0.05 ml isotonic CuSO4. A group of pseudo-conditioned rats (Group SAC-C) was injected with CuSO4 approximately 24 h after ingestion of saccharin. Compared to controls animals, rats with area postrema damage acquired significantly weaker aversions to saccharin when it was paired repeatedly with intravenous CuSO4. After three conditioning trials, the rats in Group AP-L that were most resistant to acquisition of a taste aversion (Group AP-L) were again offered saccharin, but ingestion in this case was followed immediately by intragastric injection of CuSO4. After a single conditioning trial rats in Group AP-L demonstrated a robust aversion. The results are discussed in terms of the parallels in afferent systems between emetic physiology and some instances of taste aversion conditioning. PMID- 7225876 TI - Necrotizing effects of kainic acid on neurons in the pigeon brain: histological observations. AB - The neurotoxin kainic acid (KA) has been shown to destroy neurons in the pigeon paleostriatal complex (PC), the avian analogue of the caudato-putamen and globus pallidus. In this earlier study the movement disorders in pigeons were strikingly similar to those reported by others in rats following intracerebral injection of KA into the corpus striatum. The toxic influences of KA on other parts of the pigeon brain have not been described. Therefore, KA was injected into areas of the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon and cerebellum. Areas sensitive to KA showed a marked cell loss and the neuropil exhibited spaces that contained fragments of necrotic neurons. The injection sites were invaded by glia and granulocytes. Kainic acid had a local necrotizing effect; for example, it destroys neurons in the PC, nucleus rotundus, nucleus spiriformis lateralis, nucleus ruber and neurons of the cerebellar cortex. An apparent long-distance effect of KA was also observed, since intracerebral injections of KA into the PC was followed by cell loss in the ipsilateral nucleus of the ansa lenticularis. Kainic acid has proved to be a potent neurotoxin with a pronounced necrotizing effect upon neurons in the pigeon brain. PMID- 7225875 TI - Glia maturation factor in bovine brain: partial purification and physicochemical characterization. AB - Glia maturation factor (GMF) is partially purified from bovine brains by the following procedure: extraction at physiologic pH, dialysis and freeze-drying of the extract, ethanol washing of the dried powder and re-extraction of the ethanol washed residue with Tris-buffered saline, ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE Sephadex and molecular sieving with Bio-gel P-200. The partially purified protein has an apparent molecular weight of 23,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.75, and retains both morphological transforming and mitogenic activities when tested on glioblasts. Both activities are susceptible to protease digestion and heat inactivation. The procedure results in a 400-fold purification of the morphological activity and a 1400-fold purification of the mitogenic activity. Both activities are detectable when GMF is used in nanogram quantities. The possibility that both functions are expressions of the same factor and the possible role of GMF in the differential or sequential stimulation of cell growth and maturation are discussed. PMID- 7225878 TI - Almost all ganglion cells in the rabbit retina project to the superior colliculus. AB - After a localized injection of horseradish peroxidase into the superior colliculus of the rabbit almost all of the ganglion cells in the monocular portion of the contralateral retina were retrogradely labelled with the enzyme. Of the few ganglion cells which were not labelled, most had large cell bodies. PMID- 7225879 TI - Extrageniculate projections to the visual cortex in the macaque monkey: an HRP study. AB - Extrageniculate projections to the visual cortex were examined in the macaque monkeys by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. Extrageniculate neurons sending fibers to the visual cortex were found in the lateral and inferior pulvinar nuclei, paracentral thalamic nucleus, claustrum, basal nucleus of Meynert, lateral part of the basal amygdaloid nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, locus coeruleus, and dorsomedial and midline regions of the pontine tegmentum. PMID- 7225881 TI - Peripheral innervation fields of single lobster motoneurons defined by synapse elimination during development. PMID- 7225880 TI - Transneuronal retrograde degeneration in the cat retina following neonatal ablation of visual cortex. AB - Bilateral removal of the cortical visual area in newborn cats produces degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. Measurements of over 4,000 cells and calculation of neuron densities from sample areas of retina in the adult show that the medium sized cell population in peripheral retina is reduced by 68%, whereas the populations of small and large cells are not affected. The degeneration is greater in peripheral retina than in area centralis. PMID- 7225882 TI - A glutamate-activated chloride conductance on a crustacean muscle. AB - A glutamate-activated inhibitory response on a 'crustacean neuromuscular preparation that receives cholinergic excitatory innervation is described. Glutamate produced a dose-dependent conductance increase to C1-ions. The response was mimicked by ibotenic acid, but not by quisqualic acid, and was blocked by picrotoxin. PMID- 7225883 TI - Parkinson's disease: low density and presynaptic location of D3 dopamine receptors. PMID- 7225884 TI - Mapping retinal projections from double nasal and double temporal compound eyes to dually innervated tectum in Xenopus. AB - Right double nasal (NN) and left double temporal (TT) compound eyes were formed in the same animal by the fusion of two similar halves at early embryonic stages in Xenopus. After metamorphosis either the right or left optic nerve was sectioned to induce optic fiber regeneration from one of the two eyes to both tecta. Retinal projections from each eye to the monocularly and dually innervated tecta were later investigated by visuotectal mapping and by [3H]proline autoradiography. Visuotectal and autoradiographic maps from NN and TT eyes showed the restoration of typical compound eye projections where each of the hemiretinal projections extended across the entire contralateral (monocularly innervated) tectum. In contrast, the tectum ipsilateral to the optic nerve section was dually innervated by fibers from the TT and NN eyes. The rostral and caudal poles of the tectum were innervated by fibers from the TT and NN eyes respectively, whereas the middle third received partially overlapping projections from both eyes. Thus the full expansion of the hemiretinal projection across the dually innervated tectum was prevented by fiber-fiber interactions between optic fibers from the TT and NN eyes. It is concluded that tectal polarity cues determine the proper orientation, and fiber-fiber interaction the extent and orderliness of the retinotectal map. The formation of the latter two features of the retinotectal map does not require the existence of independent tectal positional markers. PMID- 7225885 TI - Central dopaminergic neurons during development of genetic and DOCA-salt hypertension in the rat. AB - The in vivo binding of [3H]spiroperidol was measured in discrete areas of the brain in 7-, 9- and 16-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. An increase in the [3H]spiroperidol binding in the striatum, tuberculum olfactorium and frontal cortex but not in the cerebellum was detected at all ages in SHR. The increase was more pronounced in 7- than in 9- or 16-week-old SHR. In vitro data indicated an increase in Bmax but no variation in Kd in the striatum of 7-week-old SHR. Moreover no difference was detectable in the dopaminergic cell bodies (A9, A10). This increase was specific to [3H]spiroperidol binding sites since no difference was observed in the in vivo binding of [3H]QNB and [3H]LSD in the same brain regions. No variation in dopamine level or dopamine utilization, as estimated by measuring the disappearance of the amine induced by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, was observed. The DOPA accumulation after injection of the DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor NSD 1015 was greater in the tuberculum olfactorium from 7-week-old SHR. An increase in [3H]spiroperidol binding sites was also observed in the striatum and tuberculum olfactorium after 7 weeks of DOCA-salt treatment. These results suggest that dopaminergic neurons might be implicated in the onset of hypertension in the rat. PMID- 7225886 TI - Stimulation in infancy facilitates interhemispheric communication in the rabbit. AB - Experimental rabbits were stimulated in infancy by being handled, while controls were undisturbed. After reaching adulthood, the animals were tested for activity in an open field with: (i) the right eye occluded; (ii) the left eye occluded; and (iii) neither eye occluded. For rabbits not stimulated in infancy, the correlation between activity scores for the left eye and right eye occlusion conditions was not significant (r = 0.115). In contrast, the correlation was highly significant for handled animals (r = 0.829). The results of the nonhandled group are consistent with other research which has failed to find interocular transfer of visual information, while the significant interhemispheric correlations within the handled group are consistent with prior findings obtained with rats. The results suggest that stimulation in infancy may act to facilitate the functional competence of the corpus callosum. PMID- 7225887 TI - Ontogenetic development of high potassium- and acetylcholine-induced release of dopamine from striatal slices of the rat. AB - The high K+- and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced release of [3H]dopamine (DA) were investigated in whole brain slices of fetuses and striatal slices of postnatal rats. A high K+-induced, Ca2+-dependent release of [3H]DA was demonstrated in brain on day 18 of gestation and the amount of release from the striatum increased during postnatal development. ACh induced [3H]DA release in striatal slices from 3-, 7- and 70-day-old rats but not from 1-day-old animals. ACh induced [3H]DA release on both day 7 and day 70 was dependent on Ca2+ and significantly reduced by the addition of 5 x 10(-6) M atropine or 10(-5) M hexamethonium. It is suggested that DA is taken up into functionally releasable pools at a late fetal stage and that from around 3 days after birth, ACh may begin to regulate DA release by stimulating muscarinic and/or nicotinic receptors located on DA nerve terminals in the striatum. PMID- 7225888 TI - Development of the brain stem reticular core: an assessment of dendritic state and configuration in the perinatal rat. AB - The brain stems of normal newborn, 11- and 20-day-old rats were examined using Golgi techniques in the light and electron microscope. Patterns of dendritic branching and growth of brain stem reticular core neurons were analyzed by projection drawing and quantitative methods. The number of protospines and dendritic varicosities was counted on proximal and distal dendritic segments. The amount of DNA and protein in the brain stem was determined using colorimetric methods. During the course of early development, the sparsely branched reticular core dendrites extend rapidly into the neuropil. The dendritic branching of these neurons increases slightly but the number of primary dendrites remains constant. Protospine development follows a regular progression increasing in number to 11 days, then declining to 20 days as protospines are resorbed onto the dendritic surface. Dendritic varicosities often contain additional vesicles as a source of dendritic membrane and subsequent preterminal dendritic growth. The gradual decline of dendritic varicosities, first proximally then distally, indicates a shift of growth toward the distal extreme of the dendrite. PMID- 7225889 TI - The influence of pre- and postnatal undernutrition on the developing brain stem reticular core: a quantitative Golgi study. AB - Neurons of the brain stem reticular core were examined in rats which had been exposed to prenatal or postnatal undernutrition. Prenatal undernutrition was induced by restricting maternal diet to 2/3 of ad libitum prior to and during the gestation period. Postnatal restriction to 20 days of age was induced by increasing the litter to 14 and removing the dam for 8 h each day. Both imposed experimental conditions tended to delay the course of reticular neuron development as indicated by altered number of dendritic protospines and varicosities. However, the effects of prenatal undernutrition were more severe. At birth, the amount of DNA in the brain stem was reduced (-24%) while average dendritic extent and branching were greatly increased. Early undernutrition appears to have a profound effect on the quality of the neuropil, both neuronal and glial, while postnatal exposure does not influence the structure of the dendritic arbor. PMID- 7225890 TI - Morphological development of the brain stem reticular core in prenatally undernourished rats. AB - The development of brain stem reticular core neurons in prenatally undernourished rats was investigated using the Golgi technique to determine the effect of immediate postnatal nutritional rehabilitation. Quantitative measurements of dendritic extent of branching and of cell size were compared in experimental and control neurons. An assessment of developmental dendritic status was achieved by counting numbers of dendritic protospines and varicosities on proximal and distal segments of dendrite. The protein and DNA content of the brain stem was also examined. The deficit of brain stem cell number at birth was rapidly restored by 11 days of age as was the delay of dendritic development. The number of dendritic protospines was comparable to control levels by 20 days but dendritic varicosities were more numerous on proximal segments. The dendritic extent increased during this period with rehabilitation though not as greatly as in control cells. The pattern of dendritic branching and size of somata were restored. Cell replication with rehabilitation probably represents a return of glial numbers which may impede distal dendritic growth of reticular core dendrites. Proximal growth is enhanced and the afferent supply to the reticular core may be increased during this time. PMID- 7225891 TI - Ongoing block of Schwann cell differentiation and deployment in dystrophic mouse spinal roots. AB - In the spinal roots of dystrophic mice, there are bundles of unensheathed axons and two populations of axon-associated cells: the typical Schwann cells of myelinated fibers and 'uncommitted' cells at the margin of the bundles. Because these 'uncommitted' cells continue to divide in adult animals but fail to ensheath the axons they appose, they can be labelled with tritiated thymidine. In the present experiments, we show that these cells may differentiate into typical Schwann cells of myelinated or unmyelinated fibers when spinal roots from [3H]thymidine-labelled dystrophic mice are grafted into the sciatic nerves of non dystrophic animals. Thus, this study demonstrates that the 'uncommitted' cells of dystrophic spinal roots are undifferentiated Schwann cells whose differentiation in the intact spinal roots is continuously prevented by some unknown mechanism. PMID- 7225892 TI - Purkinje cells and granule cells in the cerebellum of the Stumbler mutant mouse. AB - The lesion in a new neurologically mutant mouse, Stumbler, has been studied using a Golgi technique and electron microscopy. Heterozygote Stumbler mice have smaller cerebella than their normal littermates from the earliest age studied (9 days postnatal). Purkinje cells have small immature-looking dendritic trees and retain somatic spines for up to 14 days longer than in normal mice. The Purkinje cells in the mutant also exhibit dark-staining organelles in their cytoplasm, as shown by light microscopy. By electron microscopy these organelles have been identified as mitochondria. Profiles of mitochondria are more abundant in both the Purkinje cell somata and dendrites of Stumbler mice, when compared to the normal. Purkinje cells are reduced in number from the earliest age studied, although degenerating Purkinje cells are not seen before P21. At this age, some of the remaining Purkinje cells in Stumbler begin to look almost normal, both in gross morphology and internal structure. No obvious changes in morphology have been seen in the granule cells but the population is reduced in number from P10 onwards. Some granule cell degeneration has been found in the Stumbler cerebellum, but this also occurs in the normal mouse at the same time, and therefore this has not been considered abnormal. The lesion in the cerebellar cortex of this mutant mouse is discussed with respect to the lesions found in some other mutant mice with cerebellar defects. PMID- 7225893 TI - Tritiated leucine incorporation in the developing hamster facial nucleus with injury: a liquid scintillation study. AB - Tritiated leucine incorporation was examined after either crush or axotomy of the hamster facial nerve at specific stages in the maturation of the neuronal nucleolus. Changes in the neuronal metabolic response to injury in development were demonstrated with liquid scintillation examination of tritiated leucine incorporation into the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble and TCA-soluble fractions derived from whole reactive and normal facial nuclear groups. Changes in incorporation seen in the developmental sequence were attributed to actual changes in neuronal protein metabolism, and not to changes in the amino acid pool, glial changes or hyperemic capillary changes. The ability to increase leucine incorporation over the normal as a result of injury in development coincided with the time of final nucleolar maturation in the facial motor neurons, beginning at approximately 20 days postnatal age. Thus, there is a correlation between a specific morphological event, the attainment of the mature nucleolar configuration, and the acquisition of the mature synthetic capacity as indicated by the ability to respond to injury in the mature manner. PMID- 7225895 TI - Maintenance and dissolution of acetylcholine receptor clusters in the embryonic muscle cell membrane. PMID- 7225894 TI - Cell survival in chick embryo ciliary ganglion is reduced by chronic ganglionic blockade. AB - Changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the synthesis or degradation of transmitters has been used as an index of maturation in autonomic neurons. In some cases, a reduction in enzyme activity during normal development may reflect decreased cell survival rather than, or in addition to, changes in the rate of development. Similarly, changes in enzyme activity following experimental manipulation during development may also reflect cell loss. In the ciliary ganglion, biochemical indexes of development are altered after denervation, and after treatment with a ganglionic blocker, chlorisondamine. Surgical removal of afferents to the ciliary ganglion in the early chick embryo results in a virtually complete loss of ganglion cells. Chiappinelli et al. have reported that choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is reduced in chick iris and ciliary ganglion after chronic treatment with chlorisondamine (on days 5, 8, 10 and 13 of incubation). This suggests that the development of transmitter enzymes may be regulated via interaction at the presynaptic site. Since they also report that chlorisondamine treatment reduced ganglionic dry weight, which could reflect a loss of cells, it may be that the same synaptic interaction governs cell survival as well as enzyme maturation. The present study provides evidence that treatment with chlorisondamine does, in fact, reduce cell survival in the ciliary ganglion. PMID- 7225896 TI - Elimination of polyneuronal innervation in proximal and distal leg muscles of chick embryos. AB - In chick embryo leg muscles, elimination of polyneuronal innervation takes place one to 1.5 days earlier in the thigh muscle m. ambiens than in the foot muscle m. flexor hallucis brevis. Initial formation of synapses takes place 2-3 days earlier in the proximal than the distal muscle, so the length of time synapses have been active may be a factor in the control of elimination of polyneuronal innervation during development. PMID- 7225897 TI - The control of sodium chloride intake: functional relationship between hypothalamic inhibitory areas and amygdaloid complex stimulating areas. AB - Sodium chloride intake was studied in rats submitted to different neurosurgical procedures. Intake decreased in animals submitted to bilateral destruction of the basolateral amygdaloid complex, and increased after the same animals were submitted to destruction of the anterior lateral hypothalamus, a procedure which is known to cause increased intake in intact rats. In the reverse experiment, where the anterior lateral hypothalamus was destroyed before the basolateral amygdaloid complex, the effect of increased sodium chloride intake induced by destruction of the hypothalamus overcame the decreased expected upon destruction of the amygdaloid complex. These results permit us to conclude that the hypothalamic areas which inhibit sodium chloride intake predominate over the stimulating areas of the amygdaloid complex in the control of sodium chloride intake. PMID- 7225898 TI - Cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to PGF2 alpha injection into hypothalamic nuclei. AB - Injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha (1 nmol/rat) into the paraventricular, dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamic nuclei of halothane anesthetized rats elicited rapid increases of heart rate and blood pressure. The injection of this same dose of prostaglandin F2 alpha into the cerebroventricular system or intravenously had no effect on these parameters. The cardiovascular responses observed following prostaglandin F2 alpha injection into these hypothalamic nuclei were accompanied by increases in plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine, with peak levels at the maximal cardiovascular response. This study suggests a possible role for prostaglandin F2 alpha in modulation of the cardiovascular system via specific hypothalamic nuclei. PMID- 7225899 TI - Binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate to regions of rat pituitary and hypothalamus. AB - Muscarinic ligand binding sites in fragments of rat hypothalamus and pituitary were studied using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB). In the hypothalamus, the highest amount of specific QNB binding was to n. paraventricularis and n. dorsomedialis. Specific QNB binding in other hypothalamic regions varied within a relatively narrow range. Fragments of whole pituitary also bound QNB but to a much smaller degree than brain. Pituitary binding of QNB was blocked by atropine but not by hexamethonium or d-tubocurarine. Within the pituitary, specific QNB binding to posterior pituitary was three times greater than to anterior pituitary. These findings are consistent with the operation of cholinergic mechanisms in hypothalamic and pituitary function. PMID- 7225900 TI - Electrophysiological correlates among the radial nerve, the caudate and the entopeduncular nuclei in cats. AB - The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN), as the medial part of the globus pallidum, has been considered the efferent structure of the striatum. Based on this, we decided to study its possible somatosensory projections and the electrophysiological relationship with the caudate nucleus (CN). Radial nerve stimulation produced evoked responses (ER) in CN and EPN. The ERs recorded in EPN are of shorter latencies (11 msec) than those in CN (23 msec). Electrical stimulation of CN elicited ERs in EPN. These ERs are bigger when the stimulation sites coincide with the regions of CN where somatic stimulation also elicited ERs. The same regions of CN yielding ERs by somatic stimulation respond to EPN stimulation. The ERs recorded in EPN by radial nerve stimulation diminished when the CN was stimulated 7 msec after the radial nerve, while other intervals were less effective. The results show that the radial nerve probably has direct ipsi and contralateral projections to the EPN and a bidirectional connection between EPN and CN. We suggest a feedback response of EPN to CN stimulation, an arrangement which would be the functional basis for the central motor regulation. PMID- 7225901 TI - Effects of general anesthesia, neodecortication and spreading depression upon somatic evoked responses in caudate and entopeduncular nuclei, and their electrophysiological correlates in cats. AB - The electrophysiological relationship among an afferent somatic input (radial nerve), the caudate and the entopeduncular nuclei was studied in intact animals under chloralose anesthesia and in decorticated ones. The results confirm the hypothesis that the cerebral cortex is not essential to record somatic evoked responses in both nuclei, nor for the reciprocal responses in these nuclei when one of them is stimulated, suggesting the existence of direct somatic projections to these nuclei from the subcortical structures. On the other hand, the spreading depression by microinjection of KCl 3M into the CN does not modify the ERs in EPN, but the spreading depression in EPN does modify the CN response. Thus, the somatic projection to EPN seems to course directly from the thalamus or the reticular formation but not through the CN. The results suggest a reciprocal influence of the outflow structure (EPN) upon the higher level (CN), in which the inferior structure is modifying the excitability of the higher one. PMID- 7225902 TI - Cerebral cortical afferent terminations on identified spiny basilar pontine neurons, a combined Golgi-EM degeneration study. AB - Observations contained in this study suggest that in general, the population of spiny basilar pontine (BP) projection neurons receives synaptic contacts from both small dark and large filamentous degenerating cortical axon terminals. In some instances a single spiny BP neuron was contacted by both types of cortical boutons. Long-Evans hooded rats received unilateral thermocautery lesions involving a large expanse of sensorimotor and visual cortices. Following survival periods ranging from 4-8 days, brains were perfused and processed routinely for rapid-Golgi staining. Selected tissue blocks containing spiny basilar pontine projection neurons isolated within known termination zones of the ablated ipsilateral cortex were removed from the brainstem and the cells drawn in their entirety, gold toned, de-impregnated and processed for electron microscopy. Processes of these neurons identified by their content of electron dense gold particles were then localized in sequences of ultrathin sections taken through the tissue block. All degenerating boutons contacting gold-containing profiles of the identified neuron were categorized as dark or filamentous and their location approximated on the surface of the cell. If the two different varieties of degenerating corticopontine boutons reflects a difference in functional properties, the implications of the present findings are that (1) the population of spiny-type BP projection neurons receive convergent inputs from both corticopontine systems and (2) that some individual spiny BP neurons integrate both types of input. PMID- 7225903 TI - Facilitated thyrotropin release after retrochiasmatic hypothalamic knife cuts. AB - Diencephalic structures that influence plasma thyrotropin (TSH) in male rats under pentobarbital anesthesia (35 mg/kg, IP) were studied by combining medial preoptic area-suprachiasmatic nucleus (MPOA-Sch) bilateral electrical stimulation (monophasic pulses, 200 microA at 50 Hz, 30 min) with progressive midline lesions produced by a retractable Halasz knife. Plasma TSH was measured by radioimmunoassay just before (0 time) and at 30, 60 and 90 min after the beginning of stimulation. Rats that had received only sham surgical procedures 90 days prior to stimulation were characterized by a more than 2-3 fold elevation in basal (0 time) plasma TSH levels when compared to those found in intact control rats and expected elevations in plasma TSH at 30 min after stimulation were eliminated. After a small frontal cut (1.3 FC), 0 time plasma TSH levels increased more tha 4-fold above those of controls in association with a facilitation of stimulated release of TSH. When the knife blade radius was 1.5 mm (1.5 FC) the facilitation of TSH release after stimulation occurred again; however, 0 time plasma TSH concentrations in 1.5 FC rats were not different from control levels. These effects of midline cortical, thalamic and hypothalamic damage on TSH release required the passage of more than 12 days after brain surgery. Collectively, these findings suggest potential neural elements that are inhibitory for 'basal' and 'phasic' TSH release which are in close proximity to a separate excitatory neural system and which can be activated by MPOA-Sch stimulation. PMID- 7225904 TI - Prolactin and luteinizing hormone release after diencephalic lesions and stimulation. AB - Adult male rats received sham procedures or retrochiasmatic knife cuts of varying sizes. Ten to twelve days (short term survival) or 90 days (long term survival) later animals were placed under pentobarbital anesthesia and pulsed, monophasic (50 Hz, 200 microA, 0.5 msec width, 30 sec on/off) stimuli were delivered during 30 min through bipolar, concentric electrodes bilaterally placed in the medial preoptic-suprachiasmatic nucleus (MPOA-Sch). Blood samples were taken before and at 30 min intervals after stimulation. Plasma prolactin and LH were measured in the same sample. Penetration of the knife guide tube induced a lesion of cortical and subcortical midline structures (sham procedures) placed at or around AP plane 5.0 of the Atlas of Albe-Fessard et al. This resulted in a short term impairment of LH release induced by MPOA-Sch stimulation, an effect that could not be distinguished from the one observed after frontal cuts made with a knife having a 1.5 mm radius (1.5 FC). Frontolateral retrochiasmatic cuts (LFC) blocked the effects of stimulation on LH release. After 90 days, LH response to MPOA-Sch stimulation improved in sham FC and 1.5 FC groups. Sham procedures did not reduce prolactin response after short term survival. 1.5 FC significantly decreased and LFC blocked prolactin release response. Ninety days after FC there was no improvement of prolactin release response to MPOA-Sch stimulation. In conclusion, long term survival after sham and 1.5 FC surgical procedures allowed for a partial recovery of the LH release response, but not that of prolactin, after MPOA-Sch stimulation. PMID- 7225905 TI - Evidence for a caudal brainstem site of action for cannabinoid induced hypothermia. AB - delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11 OH-THC) and the synthetic dimethylheptyl analogue of THC (DMHP) were injected intracerebrally into proven chemosensitive sites in the hypothalamus of unanesthetized cats with implanted microinjection guide tubes. 100 micrograms of each compound was administered in a volume of 8 microliters. Chemosensitivity of all injection sites was established by microinjection of carbamylcholine to induce hyperthermia and tetrodotoxin to induce hypothermia. THC or its analogues produced no significant change in body temperature when injected intracerebrally. However, in the same animals, parenteral administration of THC, 11-OH-THC or DMHP (0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg) induced hypothermic responses ranging from -2.0 to -7.0 degrees C. Intravenous administration of THC was effective in blocking shivering induced by cooling the preoptic region in unanesthetized cats with implanted thermodes. In cats with mid-pontine transections, cooling of the spinal cord by perfusion with an epidural double wall cannula at temperatures of 30, 20, 10 and 0 degrees C produced graded shivering which was recorded electromyographically. Intravenous THC, (0.25-2.0 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent attenuation of spinal cord induced shivering. These data plus results of prior studies suggest that the tetrahydrocannabinols produce their hypothermic effect at sites in the caudal brainstem. Suppression of shivering at the ponto medullary or spinal cord level may represent an important mechanism which contributes to the lowering of body temperature. PMID- 7225906 TI - Inhibition from locus coeruleus of caudate neurons activated by nigral stimulation. AB - Electrophysiological studies were performed to determine if the locus coeruleus (LC) plays a role in regulating activity of caudate nucleus (CN) neurons. Cats were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose and when conditioning stimuli were applied to the LC, preceding the test stimulus, there was a significant inhibition of spike generation in 33 out of 93 CN neurons transsynaptically activated by test stimulus to the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SN). An inhibition of spike generation with LC conditioning stimulation and iontophoretic application of noradrenaline was obtained in 9 out of the same 23 CN neurons and 8 neurons remained unaffected with either treatment. In contrast to these neurons, LC conditioning stimulation did not affect the spontaneous firing and spike generation of CN neurons antidromically excited by SN stimulation. Spike firing of CN neurons transsynaptically activated by motor cortex stimulation remained unaffected with LC conditioning stimulation. These results suggest that noradrenaline derived from the LC produced an inhibition of spike generation in about one-third of CN neurons tested and transsynaptically activated by SN stimulation. PMID- 7225907 TI - A contact thermal stimulator for neurobehavioral research on temperature sensation. AB - A thermal stimulation system is described which is suitable for use in psychophysical, behavioral and neurophysiological studies of temperature sensation. Skin temperature over a restricted area can be maintained at temperatures of 30 to 60 degrees C. Heating from this initial temperature can be achieved at rates from 1.0 degrees C to 30 degrees C/second, up to a maximum temperature of 70 degrees C. Stimulus duration can be varied from 1-15 sec. Safety features are employed to avoid accidental burning of subjects. The system can be used during electrophysiological recording with no electronic interference. PMID- 7225908 TI - Horizontal stereotaxic atlas of the albino rat brain. AB - An atlas of the albino rat brain was prepared in the horizontal plane, extending from the olfactory bulbs through the hind brain. It was drawn to the scale of Konig and Klippel's rat brain atlas so as to be used in conjunction with their atlas. Corresponding histological sections were also prepared. PMID- 7225911 TI - Blood viscosity and the overnight fast. AB - A 12-hour overnight fast in 17 subjects did not result in a significant increase in blood viscosity, as occurs after a 24-hour fast. The usual preoperative fast does not therefore appear to have any adverse rheological effect. However, when it is necessary to prolong the fast, intravenous fluids should be given to prevent the expected increase in blood viscosity which then might have clinical effects as a result of decreased organ perfusion. PMID- 7225909 TI - The effect of halothane with nitrous oxide on baroreflex control of heart rate in man. AB - The assess the effect of halothane with 70 per cent nitrous oxide on the human baroreflex, we observed the heart rate response to pharmacological elevation of blood pressure in subjects anaesthetized to the 1 MAC and 1.25 MAC levels. We observed, in comparison to the awake control, that at 1 MAC halothane with 70 per cent nitrous oxide and oxygen, the baroreflex was depressed and this became more significant at 1.25 MAC anaesthesia. In comparison to previous similar studies on the effect of halothane-oxygen anaesthesia, there was significantly less baroreflex depression at equianaesthetic doses with halothane with 70 per cent nitrous oxide. PMID- 7225910 TI - Modification of chronotropic response to anticholinergics by halogenated anaesthetics in children. AB - Cardiac rate and rhythm changes were studied in 40 children after intravenous injection of atropine or glycopyrrolate following induction of anaesthesia with halothane and enflurane. Premedication was standardized in all groups and ventilation controlled to achieve normal end tidal carbon dioxide. Heart rate increased in all cases following anticholinergic medication and the increase in heart rate was significantly higher in children receiving halothane anaesthesia as compared to those given enflurane. There was no significant difference between atropine and glycopyrrolate groups. There was no difference in frequency of occurrence of junctional tachycardia, which was the only arrhythmia observed, in the four groups studied. Our findings suggest that, in clinical situations where development of marked tachycardia is a concern, the combination of enflurane and anticholinergic drugs offers an advantage over the combination of halothane and anticholinergic drugs in paediatric patients. PMID- 7225912 TI - Comparison of bupivacaine and lidocaine for intravenous regional analgesia. AB - In a double blind study, seven volunteers were given lidocaine 0.75 per cent and bupivacaine 0.25 per cent in two trials to compare the agents for use in intravenous regional analgesia. There was no significant difference between the two agents in the duration of analgesia after removal of the tourniquet. Bupivacaine produced fewer side effects. It also consistently produced persistent analgesia on the posterolateral aspect of the forearm. PMID- 7225913 TI - Anaesthetic management for successful separation of tripus ischiopagal conjoined male twins. PMID- 7225914 TI - Time required and success rate of percutaneous right atrial catheterization: description of a technique. AB - The use of an intracardiac catheter is considered useful in the diagnosis of air embolism during surgical operations. Under electrocardiographic (ECG) control a right atrial catheter was placed through the right antecubital (basilic) vein in 200 patients undergoing posterior fossa or cervical operations in the sitting position. The overall success rate for this technique was 97 per cent. Half were successfully placed within five minutes, and 92 per cent within 15 minutes. PMID- 7225915 TI - [Accidental overdose of alfatesine in a child with multiple malformations]. AB - An overdosage of alfathesin was accidentally administered to a 4 kg infant with multiple congenital anomalies during an operation for craniosynostosis. The overdose was a consequence of a mistake in adjusting the rate of administration of a constant flow infusion pump. The total dosage corresponded to eight times the necessary dose administered over a period of 30 minutes. The only notable effect was a delayed awakening, which necessitated assisted ventilation. The high therapeutic index of alfathesin is responsible for the absence of serious consequences. PMID- 7225916 TI - Methohexitone or etomidate for induction of dental anaesthesia. AB - Ninety-two patients who presented for outpatient dental extractions received methohexitone (1.5 mg . kg-1, 46 patients) or etomidate (0.3 mg . kg-1, 23 patients and 0.2 mg . kg-1, 23 patients). The induction characteristics of both drugs such as pain on injection, involuntary muscle movements and respiratory difficulties were comparable and the theoretical disadvantages of etomidate for dental anaesthetics did not prove troublesome in practice. Muscle movements did not interfere with the dentists' manipulations and pain on injection into veins of the antecubital fossa did not occur. The duration of operation for up to four extractions was three minutes and, following induction, anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane. Recovery was assessed by grading consciousness, airway control and motor activity. All the patients could maintain their airways one minute after the end of operation. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly greater in the etomidate group. PMID- 7225917 TI - The enigma of the missed segment. PMID- 7225918 TI - Anaesthesia recruitment: optimism reviewed. PMID- 7225919 TI - The Ayerst Award Lecture 1980: the subunits of succinyl coenzyme A synthetase. PMID- 7225920 TI - Nuclease sensitivity of postreplicated chromatin from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - Chromatin appears to undergo structural modification after replication and before integration into bulk chromatin. In ascites cells, postreplicated chromatin displays a transient resistance to digestion with micrococcal nuclease. This resistance may be correlated with a shorter DNA repeat length (178 base pairs) than that found in bulk chromatin (187 base pairs). Selective labelling or selective digestion of DNA sequence classes could not account for these observations. In both bulk and postreplicated chromatin, three electrophoretic types of mononucleosomes were found. Postreplicated mononucleosome types showed selective sensitivities to nuclease digestion whereas bulk mononucleosome types did not. PMID- 7225921 TI - Semliki Forest virus does not inhibit phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in BHK-21 cells. AB - The mechanism by which Semliki Forest virus inhibits the incorporation of [methyl 3H]choline into phosphatidylcholine has been investigated. Decreased labeling of the lipid was not due to altered uptake of [methyl-3H]choline. The specific activities of choline kinase and CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase were unchanged. The previously observed inhibition (Vance, D. E. & Burke, D. C. (1974) Eur. J. Biochem. 43, 327-336) of CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol phosphocholinetransferase was confirmed. Since the decreased activity of the phosphocholinetransferase may not have caused the reduced labeling of phosphatidylcholine, the amounts of this lipid and its precursors were measured. We observed changes in the concentration of phosphocholine (34 +/- 12 and 120 +/- 40 nmol x g cells-1 in mock- and virus-infected cells, respectively) and CTP (116 +/- 35 and 36 +/- 13 nmol x g cells-1 in mock- and virus-infected cells, respectively). Pulse-chase studies with [methyl-3H]choline demonstrated that, initially, most of the radioactivity was in phosphocholine. As it disappeared from this compound, it appeared in phosphatidylcholine. From these results, we calculated the rate of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis to be 0.56 and 1.23 nmol x min-1 x g cells-1 in mock- and virus-infected BHK-21 cells, respectively. We conclude that phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis is not inhibited in Semliki Forest virus infected BHK cells, but rather is stimulated 6.75 h after infection. The decreased labeling observed during pulse studies with [methyl-3H]choline is due to dilution of the labeled choline into a pool of phosphocholine which is 3.5 times larger in the infected cells. PMID- 7225922 TI - Biosynthesis and characterization of heat shock proteins in Chironomus tentans salivary glands. AB - The protein synthesis response of Chironomus tentans salivary glands to a heat shock was analyzed by means of [3H]leucine pulse labeling, sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide slab gels, and fluorography. Seven new cytoplasmic polypeptides with relative masses (Mr) of 90 000, 76 000, 73 000, 68 000, 28 000, 25 000, and 22 000 are synthesized in response to a 39 degrees C heat shock (HS) while the synthesis of most of the normal proteins is reduced. The major HS-induced protein is the 68 000 species. The length of the heat treatment does not modify markedly the pattern of induced proteins but the temperature has an effect: while the responses at 37 and 39 degrees C are similar, two HS-induced polypeptides (Mr 90 000 and 76 000) are not seen after a treatment at 41 degrees C. Kinetic studies of the response show an asynchrony in the appearance of the various HS proteins indicating that their individual rates of synthesis differ or that their induction is not fully coordinated. No significant differences were found between the protein patterns of a mitochondria-rich cytoplasmic zone obtained by microdissection and the whole cytoplasm, but two heat-induced proteins are present in the microdissected nuclei: a 68 000 polypeptide, comigrating with the major cytoplasmic one, and a 34 000 protein, almost exclusively seen in the nucleus. PMID- 7225923 TI - Similar sets of terminal oligonucleotides from reovirus double-stranded RNA and viral messenger RNA synthesized in vitro. AB - Reovirus genomic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and viral messenger RNA synthesized in vitro were labeled by periodate oxidation and [3H]borohydride reduction. The 3H label was incorporated into 3'-terminal C residues and 5'-terminal N7 methylguanosine residues. Analysis of ribonuclease digests of the 3H-labeled RNA indicated that the minus strands of dsRNA contained the common 3'-terminal sequence ... PypPupGpC and that the plus strands contained heterogeneous sequence at both the 5' termini and 3'termini that corresponded to sequences at the 5' termini and 3' termini of mRNA. These results suggest that the plus strands of dsRNA and mRNA synthesized in vitro are essentially identical sets of molecules. PMID- 7225924 TI - The specificity of sialyltransferase activity in smooth membrane fractions of embryonic chicken liver. AB - Smooth membrane preparations of 13-day embryonic chicken livers, characterized by electron microscopy and marker enzyme analyses, have been found to contain sialyltransferase activity which displayed precise acceptor specificity. One sialyltransferase transferred N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA) and gal beta 1 leads to 4glycNAc beta 1 leads R structures. Evidence based on competition studies suggests that a second enzyme is present transferring this sugar to a gal beta 1 leads to 3gal-NAc alpha 1 leads to R structure. The enzyme capable of adding NANA to gal beta 1 leads to 4glcNAc beta 1 leads to R structures has a pH optimum of 5.5, a temperature optimum of 30 degrees C, and half-saturating values of 17 muM for CMP-NANA and 180 muM for galactoside termini on desialyzed alpha 1 acid glycoprotein. It is activated about 10-fold by Triton X-100, has no exogenous divalent cation requirement, and is inhibited by CTP, CDP, and CMP. The enzyme requires carbohydrate structures underlying the gal beta 1 leads to 4glcNAc terminus for maximal catalytic activity; the necessity of such precise specificities of sialyltransferases is discussed in the light of recent structural evidence for the carbohydrate moieties of several glycoproteins. PMID- 7225925 TI - The association of intercellular structural glycoproteins with lipids in canine cartilage. AB - Two noncollagenous insoluble structural glycoprotein fractions (A and G), from uncalcified canine puppy rib cartilage, each contained about 8% of extractable lipid. This percentage of lipid is higher than that found in any of the other tissue fractions obtained by the preparative procedure used. The composition of the lipid extracted from the structural glycoproteins is quite distinct from the lipid in the guanidine . HCl extract of cartilage, the lipid of cartilage matrix vesicles, and that of other known lipid membranes. On ultracentrifugation, solubilized A or G, obtained by using 50 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) in 5 M guanidine . HCl followed by dialysis, showed a floating fraction (density 1.14 - 1.16 g/mL) which was decreased by prior delipidation and increased by lipidation. Chromatography of [3H]palmitate, [14C]cholesterol, or [14C]phosphatidylcholine on Sepharose 2B showed that their elution behaviour is altered in the presence of solubilized A or G. All the labelled lipids cochromatograph, but only with A or G protein in the high molecular weight region. After boiling the low density ultracentrifugation fraction with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 8 M urea, and 50 mM DTT, disc gel electrophoresis showed that it contained the same subunits as the high density fraction. It is concluded that lipids can readily form a complex with a specific fraction of A or G. This fraction may be a combination of several undissociated subunits or an undenatured form of proteins. The complex is stable enough to be of possible significance in the metabolism of connective tissues. No antigenic relationships have been found between the cartilage structural glycoproteins or cartilage extracts and the plasma lipoproteins LDL, VLDL, and Lp(a). PMID- 7225926 TI - Lipid composition of lung and lung lavage fluid from map turtles (Malaclemys geographica) maintained at different environmental temperatures. AB - The phospholipids of lung and lung lavage fluid from map turtles (Malaclemys geographica) acclimated to 5, 14, 22 and 32 degrees C have been analyzed. The yield of surfactant (lavage) lipid P was higher at 32 than at 5 degrees C, but there was no significant change in lung lipid P. The relative proportions of phospholipids from the lung were PC greater than PE greater than SM greater than PS greater than PI, while those for the lavage were PC greater than PI greater than PE greater than SM congruent to PS. PC constituted 71-78% of the surfactant phospholipid over the temperature range. Small changes in the amounts of PC and PE of lung and in PC and PI of lavage were observed at different temperatures. The fatty acid compositions of the lipids from the two sources were different in many respects. The lavage lipids contained more saturated acids, especially palmitic acid, than did the lung lipids. The fatty acid compositions indicated the presence of disaturated PC in lung lavage and diunsaturated species of PC and PE in lung. The total saturated fatty acids of PC and PE in lung and of PC in surfactant increased at higher temperatures. In the surfactant PC this increase reflected principally a rise in palmitate and a drop in palmitoleate contents. The saturated PC obtained from lavage at each temperature contained more than 85% palmitic acid, indicating that the principal saturated PC was DPPC. These changes are consistent with the type of alterations in the lipid composition of membranes which occur during homeoviscous adaptation. PMID- 7225927 TI - Intracerebroventricular injection of sympathomimetic drugs inhibits both heat production and heat loss mechanisms in the rat. AB - The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of sympathomimetic drugs on thermoregulatory functions in conscious rats maintained at low (8 decrees C), moderate (22 degrees C), and high (30 degrees C) ambient temperatures were assessed. Norepinephrine, tyramine, and ephedrine each produced hypothermia at ambient temperature (Ta) 8 degrees C and hyperthermia at Ta 22 and 30 degrees C. At Ta 8 degrees, the hypothermia in response to norepinephrine, tyramine, and ephedrine was due to decreased metabolic rate (M) whereas at Ta 22 degrees C the hyperthermia was due to cutaneous vasoconstriction. AT Ta 22 degrees C, the hyperthermia in response to norepinephrine and tyramine was due to cutaneous vasoconstriction whereas the hyperthermia in response to ephedrine was brought about by increased M (due to behavioral excitation). Intracerebroventricular injection of epinephrine produced hypothermia followed by hyperthermia at Ta 8 and 22 degrees C. The hypothermia was due to decreased M whereas the hyperthermia was due to cutaneous vasoconstriction and increased M. AT Ta 30 degrees C, epinephrine led to a reduction in cutaneous temperature and hyperthermia. Furthermore, i.c.v. administration of phenylephrine produced a decreased M and hypothermia Ta 8 degrees C and an increased M (due to behavioral excitation) and hyperthermia at Ta 30 degrees C. At Ta 22 degrees C, phenylephrine produced hyperthermia (due to cutaneous vasoconstriction and increased M) preceded by hypothermia (due to decreased M). Moreover, the temperature effects induced by norepinephrine were antagonized by pretreatment with the adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine. In general, the data indicate that activation of central adrenoceptors with sympathomimetic drugs inhibits both heat production and heat loss mechanisms in the rat. PMID- 7225928 TI - Effects of intracerebroventricular injection of d-amphetamine on metabolic, respiratory, and vasomotor activities and body temperatures in the rat. AB - Systemic and central administration of d-amphetamine both produced dose-dependent hypothermia in the rat at ambient temperature (Ta) 8 degrees C. The hypothermia was brought about solely by a decrease in metabolic heat production. However, at both Ta 22 and 30 degrees C, d-amphetamine produced hyperthermia accompanied by behavioral excitation. The hyperthermia was due to cutaneous vasoconstriction and increased metabolic heat production (due to behavioral excitation) at Ta 22 degrees C, whereas at Ta 30 degrees C the hyperthermia was due to cutaneous vasoconstriction, decreased respiratory evaporative heat loss, and increased metabolism (due to behavioral excitation). Furthermore, both the thermal and the behavioral responses induced by d-amphetamine were antagonized by pretreatment with intracerebroventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (a depletor of central catecholaminergic nerve fibers). The data indicate that, by eliminating the interference of behavioral responses induced, d-amphetamine leads to an alteration in body temperature of rats by decreasing both metabolic heat production and sensible heat loss, probably via the activation of central catecholaminergic receptors. PMID- 7225929 TI - Angiotensin II inhibits both heat production and heat loss mechanisms in the rat. AB - The effects of intracerebroventricular injections of angiotensin II on thermoregulatory responses of conscious rats to ambient temperatures (Ta) of 8, 22, and 30 degrees C were assessed. Administration of angiotensin II produced dose-dependent hypothermia in rats at both Ta 8 and 22 degrees C. The hypothermia in response to angiotensin II was due to decreased metabolic heat production. In addition, angiotensin II produced cutaneous vasoconstriction at Ta 8-22 degrees C. However, at Ta 30 degrees C angiotensin II produced no change in rectal temperature or other thermoregulatory responses. Furthermore, the hypothermia induced by angiotension II was antagonized by pretreatment with 6 hydroxytryptamine (a selective catecholamine neurotoxin) and propranolol (a selective beta-adrenergic antagonist) but not either 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (a selective serotonin neurotoxin), atropine (a cholinergic antagonist), or phentolamine (a selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist). The data indicate that angiotension II inhibits both heat production and heat loss mechanisms which lead to an alteration in body temperature, probably via the activation of central adrenergic receptors. PMID- 7225930 TI - Noradrenaline-induced calorigenesis in warm- and cold-acclimated rats: relations between concentration of noradrenaline in arterial plasma, blood flow to differently located masses of brown adipose tissue, and calorigenic response. AB - Barbital-sedated, warm-acclimated (WA) or cold-acclimated (CA) rats were infused intravenously with noradrenaline (NA) at doses that elicited graded calorigenic responses. Blood flow (Q) to the various bodies of brown adipose tissue (BAT), the major sites of the NA-induced calorigenesis, was measured with labeled microspheres. The O2 content of arterial blood and of venous blood from interscapular BAT and the concentration of NA in arterial plasma (ANA) were also determined. ANA was linearly related to the dose of NA. Calorigenic response and the Q of total BAT and of separate bodies of BAT were sigmoid functions of ANA. The threshold for calorigenic response or for increased flow to BAT was an ANA of about 2 ng/mL (12 nM), except for some bodies of BAT in CA rats where it was closer in 4 ng/mL. Delivery of O2 to total BAT and calorigenic response were related linearly. The bodies of BAT were heterogeneous in Q per gram in CA rats the hierarchy in Q per gram changed markedly as ANA and calorigenic response increased. The analysis of these results takes into account that calorigenesis in BAT normally is not mediated by circulating NA, that in NA-infused rats neuronal and extraneuronal uptakes of NA would effect a lower concentration of NA at the adrenoceptors of BAT than in circulation, and that many factors such as organization and density of adrenergic innervation and the number of efficacy of receptors must have contributed to determining the measured responses of BAT. It is concluded that the differently located bodies of BAT in rats may have significant differences in composition and structure and that they may undergo differential development during cold acclimation. PMID- 7225931 TI - Unidirectional block in Purkinje fibers. AB - Three methods of inducing focal conduction disturbances in free-running sheep Purkinje fibers (symmetric and asymmetric focal cooling and asymmetric focal crushing) were explored in 50 preparations. Complete unidirectional block was induced in only a minority of symmetrically cooled preparations whereas the asymmetric lesions generated this conduction disturbance in 80-85% of preparations. The block was more stable when induced by crushing than by asymmetric cooling but was more readily reversible with the latter. The direction of block coincided with the least abrupt gradient in the intensity of the lesion (82-94%), was reversible upon reorientation of the cooling lesion, and was independent of anatomic orientation or pre-existing asymmetries of conduction. The models of unidirectional block described in this paper may be useful in the elucidation of the mechanism of asymmetric conduction disturbances and in studies of the mechanism of action of antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 7225932 TI - Parathyroid hormone responsiveness in the sheep fetus and newborn lamb. AB - Responsiveness of the sheep fetus to parathyroid hormone (PTH) infusion was studied in the unanesthetized fetus in situ and the results were compared with those obtained in the newborn lamb, PTH, 0.5 USP U/min per kilogram body weight was infused intravenously to four sheep fetuses in utero (gestational age 127-141 days) and 10 newborn lambs (1-20 days of age). PTH infusion increased plasma Ca in the fetus and the PTH-induced hypercalcemia increased plasma calcitonin although the maternal levels of Ca and calcitonin did not change. In the fetus, as well as in the newborn lamb, PTH decreased the percentage tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) and increased urinary excretion of cAMP. These results indicate that the sheep fetus has developed the target organ responsiveness to PTH and a normal calcitonin secretory mechanism by the last trimester of gestation. PMID- 7225933 TI - The catecholamine precursor L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine inhibits both heat production and heat loss mechanisms in the rabbit. AB - The effects of catecholamine precursor L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) on the thermoregulatory responses of conscious rabbits to different ambient temperatures (Ta) (2, 22, and 30 degrees C) were assessed. Intravenous administration of L-DOPA alone, intravenous administration of L-DOPA plus R04 4602 (a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor), and intraventricular administration of L-DOPA or norepinephrine all produced a hypothermia at Ta 2 degrees C. The hypothermia was due to a decrease in metabolic heat production (M). On the other hand, L-DOPA or norepinephrine produced both behavioral excitation and hyperthermia at both Ta 22 and 32 degrees C. At Ta 22 degrees C, the hyperthermia was due to decreased ear skin blood flow (EBF) and slightly increased M (due to behavioral excitation) whereas at Ta 32 degrees C the hyperthermia was due to EBF, decreased respiratory evaporative heat loss, and slightly increased M (due to behavioral excitation). Further, the temperature effects induced by L-DOPA were antagonized by pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (a relative depletor of catecholaminergic nerve fibers) but not with haloperidol (a relative blocker of dopaminergic receptors). The data indicate that activation of central adrenergic receptors via the endogeneous release of norepinephrine with L-DOPA inhibits both heat production and heat loss mechanisms in the rabbit. PMID- 7225934 TI - Ultrastructural study of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle and its innervation. AB - The ultrastructure of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle and its innervation was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Smooth muscle cells were arranged into bundles separated by collagen and connective tissue cells. Gap junctions were found only rarely between adjacent smooth muscle cells. Bundles of axons (predominantly unmyelinated) were seen on the periphery of the muscle bundles. Some penetrated deep into the bundles and a few made close neuromuscular contacts (less than 20 nm). Such a spatial arrangement of nerves and smooth muscle suggests a potential for nervous control and limited myogenic activity. Axon profiles containing small agranular vesicles characteristic of cholinergic nerves and small granular vesicles characteristic of adrenergic nerves were seen in close association with airway smooth muscle and with one another. Some large granular vesicles were associated with varicosities of both nerve types. Quantitative studies demonstrated a preponderance of cholinergic over adrenergic nerve profiles in both upper and lower segments. Varicosities, characteristic of adrenergic nerves, were observed more frequently in upper compared with lower segments; however, observed differences were not significant. The morphological findings are consistent with the control functions exerted by cholinergic and adrenergic nerves but provide no basis for control by nonadrenergic inhibitory nerves. PMID- 7225935 TI - Utilization of administered folacin derivatives by rats fed a diet low in methionine and folacin. AB - Rats fed a basal diet low in folacin and methionine or the basal supplemented with 1.5% methionine were injected with either tetrahydrofolic acid, 5 methyltetrahydrofolic acid, 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid, or folic acid. The level of formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) excretion was used as an indicator of the animal's metabolically available folacin. Rats fed the basal diet had no decline in FIGLU excretion after dosing. The methionine-supplemented group had significant decreases in FIGLU excretion after dosing with the folacin derivatives. When rats eating the basal diet were dosed with methionine or homocysteine, FIGLU excretions were again decreased. PMID- 7225936 TI - A comparison of the porphyrin-inducing activity of barbiturates and benzodiazepines in chick embryo liver cells. AB - Five benzodiazepines, flurazepam, nitrazepam, diazepam, oxazepam, and chlordiazepoxide, have been tested for porphyrin-inducing activity in chick embryo liver cell culture and for delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase inducing activity in the 17-day-old chick embryo. Flurazepam and nitrazepam were found to have considerably lower potency than secobarbital whereas diazepam, oxazepam, and chlordiazepoxide were less potent than phenobarbital in these test systems. The following conclusions were arrived at. (1) A hypnotic dose of flurazepam or nitrazepam would be less likely than a comparable dose of secobarbital to increase ALA synthetase activity in a patient with hereditary hepatic porphyria. (2) A sedative dose of diazepam, oxazepam, or chlordiazepoxide would be less likely than a comparable dose of phenobarbital to increase ALA synthetase activity in a patient with hereditary hepatic porphyria. (3) The benzodiazepines, although apparently less likely to precipitate an attack than barbiturates, should be used with great caution in porphyria patients. PMID- 7225937 TI - Peripheral vascular responses during acute anemia. AB - Peripheral vascular responses during acute anemia were studied in 19 anesthetized dogs. In one study (n = 9) hindlimb weight and venous pressures were measured prior to and during acute anemia produced by isovolemic dextran-for-blood exchange. In another series of five control and five anemic dogs (hematocrit = 14 +/- 1% (mean +/- SE)), flow to the limb was occluded and arterial and venous pressure changes in the occluded limb were measured as an index of neurally mediated alterations in limb vasomotor tone. Following reduction of the hematocrit to 14 +/- 0.3%, hindlimb weight decreased by an average of 10.0 g (P less than 0.01) at 15 min and 12.8 g (P less than 0.01) at 30 min of anemia. The decrease in limb weight was associated with a rise (P less than 0.01) in limb venous pressure. There was also a relatively greater degree of vasomotor tone in the occluded hindlimb of anemic dogs as compared with control animals. Although both arterial and venous pressure decreased in an occluded hindlimb following the production of anemia, the decreases in vascular pressures were significantly less than those observed in control experiments. It was not possible to distinguish between tone changes in arteries and veins because of the presence of arteriovenous anastomoses. The data show that a peripheral-to-central blood volume translocation occurred in acute anemia which would increase venous return. Further, the results strongly suggest that the volume translocation was a result of an increase in venomotor tone. arteries and veins because of the presence of arteriovenous anastomoses. The data show that a peripheral-to-central blood volume translocation occurred in acute anemia which would increase venous return. Further, the results strongly suggest that the volume translocation was a result of an increase in venomotor tone. arteries and veins because of the presence of arteriovenous anastomoses. The data show that a peripheral-to-central blood volume translocation occurred in acute anemia which would increase venous return. Further, the results strongly suggest that the volume translocation was a result of an increase in venomotor tone. PMID- 7225939 TI - The degradation of bradykinin (BK) and of des-Arg9-BK in plasma. PMID- 7225938 TI - Effects of intraluminal sulfate on electrolyte transfers along the perfused rat nephron. AB - Superficial nephrons were perfused in vivo to determine the effect of intraluminal sulfate (1--20 mM) on electrolyte reabsorption in the rat with special reference to calcium and magnesium transport. This technique allowed us the opportunity of investigating separate electrolyte transfers without alteration of extrarenal influences. The major amount of perfused sulfate was absorbed in the proximal tubule with little absorption distal to the late proximal collection site. Phosphate transport was affected by high luminal sulfate concentrations indicating distinct reabsorptive mechanisms for these two anions. Intraluminal sulfate significantly inhibited calcium and magnesium reabsorption in the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and superficial distal tubule, in distinction to modest effects on sodium transport in these nephron segments. Chloride transport was not altered. The inhibition of divalent cation transfer was not quantitatively similar in the different tubule segments. Small amounts of sulfate completely inhibited proximal calcium and magnesium reabsorption with little effect on transport within the loop of Henle. Enhanced distal delivery of sulfate significantly inhibited calcium and magnesium reabsorption in the distal tubule, a site where the sulfate anion is not reabsorbed. These results demonstrate the importance of distal delivery of anionic ligands capable of forming nonreabsorbable complexes. Thus distal calcium and magnesium transport may be greatly modified by proximal control of anion reabsorption. PMID- 7225940 TI - The effect of alpha-bungarotoxin on spontaneous activity in the ventral nerve cord of Limulus polyphemus. AB - The physiological action of alpha bungarotoxin in the central nervous system of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus was investigated. Two types of effects were produced by the toxin. The predominant effect was an inhibition of spontaneous activity. However, in some instances alpha bungarotoxin caused a stimulation of activity. In both cases the action of the toxin resembled the effect of d tubocurarine and opposed the effect of carbamylcholine. Both effects of alpha bungarotoxin were maximal within 15 min and were sustained for at least 2 h. These results suggest that alpha-bungarotoxin acts as a cholinergic antagonist in the central nervous system of Limulus and are consistent with the specific binding of the toxin to an acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 7225941 TI - Brain norepinephrine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration abnormalities and their role in the high seizure susceptibility of epileptic chickens. PMID- 7225942 TI - Contractile effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine in isolated intrapulmonary arteries and veins. AB - The contractile effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) were compared in helical strips of intrapulmonary artery (IPA) and vein (IPV) isolated from lungs of dog, rabbit, cow, and man. 5-HT (10(-8) - 10(-4) M) increased force generation by IPA and IPV from the four species in a concentration-related manner. Sensitivities to 5-HT of IPA and IPV from the four species were similar, with median effective concentrations ranging from 3 X 10(-8) to 3 X 10(-7) M. However, maximal and contractile responses to 5-HT relative to those elicited by potassium were greater in canine and human IPA and bovine IPA and IPV than in rabbit IPA and IPV and canine and human IPV. Results obtained using specific pharmacology blocking agents suggest that 5-HT-induced contraction of canine and rabbit intrapulmonary vessels does not involve alpha-adrenergic mechanisms except, possibly, in rabbit IPV. The contractile effects of 5-HT observed in the present study suggest that 5-HT released from platelets could contribute to increased vascular resistance during pulmonary thromboembolism by actively constricting arterial and venous segments of the pulmonary vascular bed in a variety of species, including man. PMID- 7225943 TI - Brain distribution and kinetics of desipramine in the rat. AB - Pharmacokinetics and regional as well as subcellular brain distribution of desipramine (DMI) were investigated in male rats after single and repeated intraperitoneal administration. After a single dose DMI enters brain rapidly, accumulates with increasing the dose, and attains concentrations about 20 times those seen in plasma. After repeated administration peak plasma and brain levels were 2.7 and 3.7 times, respectively, higher than after a single dose. No significant regional differences were found in brain distribution or disappearance half-lives of the drug. After chronic treatment the drug was preferentially retained in the P2 fraction of brain homogenate; this may reflect the critical portion of drug bound to sites responsible for its pharmacological action. PMID- 7225944 TI - Maternal steroid changes after fetal death until delivery of the dead sheep fetus. AB - Progesterone, estrone, and estradiol have been determined during late pregnancy and at parturition in the maternal plasma of sheep bearing live and dead fetuses. Mean concentrations of the steroids at days 125--130 after mating were lower after fetal death, although the differences were not significant. The mean interval between fetal death and delivery was 11.8 +/- 5.8 (0.01 +/- 0.01 ng/mL) on the day of delivery. There was no preparturient rise in maternal estrogen levels in animals with dead fetuses. The ratios of progesterone:estradiol and progesterone:estrone fell from 130 and 140 to 2.9 and 1.2, respectively, during the 5 days prior to delivery due entirely to the fall in progesterone. In normal animals the ratios of progesterone:estradiol and progesterone:estrone decreased from 186.1 and 81.7 at 5 days before parturition to 9.4 and 2.0 on the day of birth. This was attributable partly to a fall in progesterone but largely to the preparturient rise in estrone and estradiol. We conclude that some placental steroid output continues after fetal death in the sheep but that deliveries of both dead and live fetuses are associated with an abrupt change in the ratio of progesterone:estrogens in maternal blood. PMID- 7225945 TI - Relationship of plasma motilin concentration to fat ingestion, duodenal acidification and alkalinization, and migrating motor complexes in dogs. PMID- 7225946 TI - Changes in plasma motilin concentration in response to manipulation of intragastric and intraduoduenal contents in man. AB - Immunoreactive plasma motilin concentrations were studied following a variety of stimuli in 24 healthy fasting subjects. Plasma motilin was measured by a radioimmunoassay using antibody GP 71 (J. C. Brown) and natural porcine motilin as standard. Basal motilin levels ranged from undetectable to 365 pg/mL. Antral and intraduodenal infusion of 50 mL o.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 5 mL/min failed to alter significantly plasma motilin levels but duodenal acid infusions at 17 mL/min caused a significant increase (70.8 +/- 29.5 pg/mL, mean +/- SEM; n = 6), maximal at 40 min. Duodenal alkalinization with 50 mL 0.3 M Tris buffer (pH 8.0) infused at 5 mL/min produced no change in plasma motilin. A mixed meal did not affect plasma motilin levels. Ingestion of 60 g fat significantly increased plasma motilin (n = 13; maximal increase 150.3 +/- 43.3 pg/mL at 30 min) but duodenal infusions of fat failed to increase plasma motilin levels. These results suggest that motilin secretion induced by fat requires that the fat be present initially within the stomach for secretion to occur. We conclude that ingested fat is a potent stimulus of motilin release. As duodenal acidification (50 mL 0.1 N HCl over 10 min) induces duodenal activity resembling migrating motor complexes but does not release motilin, our data argue against the release of motilin following duodenal acidification as a trigger for the initiation of these complexes in man. PMID- 7225947 TI - The effects of cofactor and species differences on the in vitro metabolism of propiophenone and phenylacetone. AB - In vitro metabolism of the aromatic ketone propiophenone and its nonaromatic isomer phenylacetone was studied using fortified 12 000 X g supernatants of liver homogenates from rat and rabbit. Reduction to the corresponding alcohols was the major metabolic route observed, although aliphatic C-hydroxylation and alcohol dehydrogenation also occurred. Marked differences were observed in the amounts of carbonyl reduction of the substrates, which was dependent on the species as well as the cofactor employed. Using rat liver preparation, phenylacetone was reduced to 1-phenyl-2-propanol much more efficiently with an NADH-fortified system than when NADPH was used whereas in rabbit, extensive reduction occurred in the presence of either cofactor. Reduction of propiophenone to 1-phenyl-1-propanol by rat liver preparation was slightly greater in the presence of NADH than with NADPH; the converse was observed in rabbit. Aliphatic hydroxylation of propiophenone to 2-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1-propanone was also a significant metabolic pathway in both species, with NADPH being the more efficient cofactor, but C-1 hydroxylation of phenylacetone to 1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propanone occurred only to a minor extent. Small amounts of 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, as well as both erythro and threo isomers of 1-phenyl-1,2-propanediol, were also identified as metabolites in both species. Similar metabolic studies were carried out on the alcohols 1-phenyl-1-propanol and 1-phenyl-2-propanol and again the nature and quantities of metabolites isolated showed both species and cofactor dependencies. PMID- 7225948 TI - Evidence of environmental influence on the development of thermoregulation in the rat. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were raised in an environmentally controlled room at 33 degrees C. Thermoregulatory responses of animals reared in this way were compared with those of control and warm-acclimated rats. Warm-reared animals demonstrated a significantly greater fall in colonic temperature during cold exposure when compared with both warm-acclimated (p less than 0.01) and control (p less than 0.001) animals. Warm-reared animals also show a modified response to central infusion of noradrenaline; they produce a hyperthermia in contrast with the hypothermia observed in control and warm-acclimated rats. These results suggest that the early thermal environment may modify the development of temperature regulation in the Sprague-Dawley rat in a way different from the normal acclimation process. PMID- 7225950 TI - Short-term fluctuations in the concentration of cortisol and progesterone in fetal plasma, maternal plasma, and amniotic and allantoic fluids from sheep during late pregnancy. AB - Fluctuations in the concentrations of cortisol and progesterone in fetal plasma, maternal plasma, and amniotic and allantoic fluids were measured in samples taken at 10-min intervals over a 90-min period from three groups of sheep sampled at different times during late pregnancy. During the last 30 days of gestation there was a significant rise in the mean concentration of cortisol in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid and a significant correlation between the cortisol concentration in these two fluids. The concentration of cortisol in allantoic fluid exceeded that in amniotic fluid. The concentration of cortisol in fetal plasma varied in a pulsatile manner, however the coefficient of variation (CV) within animals was greater (36%) on days -11 to -20, relative to the day of parturition (day 0), than on days -21 to -30 or days -5 to 0(15-19%). The CV values for cortisol in amniotic fluid and maternal plasma during the last 30 days of pregnancy were 20 50% and two at five times greater than the intraassay CV. The concentration of progesterone in amniotic fluid increased after day -20 but was not correlated with that in maternal plasma or fetal plasma. The concentrations of progesterone in paired samples of amniotic fluid and allantoic fluid were similar. The CV values for progesterone (18-34%) were similar in fetal and maternal plasma and amniotic fluid and did not change significantly during late pregnancy. Changes in the concentration of progesterone were unrelated to changes in cortisol. Interpretation of steroid profiles in fetal plasma and fluids through late pregnancy should take into account these short-term fluctuations in hormone concentrations. PMID- 7225949 TI - Maintenance of glomerulotubular balance for bicarbonate during carbonic anhydrase inhibition in the dog. AB - Studies were performed to examine the possible effects of carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibition on the glomerulotubular balance for bicarbonate in anesthetized dogs. Maximal CA inhibition was achieved by acetazolamide infusion and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was reduced in a stepwise fashion by progressive clamping of the left renal artery. A close relationship (R equals 0.973) was maintained between the amount of filtered and reabsorbed bicarbonate in normal dogs with CA inhibition. A similar relationship was observed between GFR and bicarbonate reabsorption during CA inhibition in normal dogs (R equals 0.957) as well as in sodium bicarbonate loaded dogs (R equals 0.867). In these two groups, GFR in the clamped kidney was reduced to values ranging respectively from 99 to 5% and from 96 to 3%. Distal tubular blockade with ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide, performed in normal dogs and in sodium bicarbonate loaded dogs, did not abolish glomerulotubular balance for bicarbonate during CA inhibition. This study demonstrates that the glomerulotubular balance for bicarbonate is maintained during CA inhibition whether or not distal tubular blockade is superimposed. A proportionate decrease in both fractions of bicarbonate reabsorption, either CA dependent or not mediated by CA, or an adaptive increase in the fraction of bicarbonate reabsorption not mediated by CA can explain the maintenance of glomerulotubular balance for bicarbonate. PMID- 7225951 TI - Migration of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) and changes in 5-HT (serotonin) levels in the rat host following parenteral and oral 5-HT administration. AB - Changes in the distribution of the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta in the rat small intestine were studied for up to 3 h following intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and oral administration of 5-HT. Changes in 5-HT levels in the arterial circulation, intestinal lumen, and in worm tissue were also monitored. In all cases following 5-HT administration there was an anteriad migration by H. diminuta. The extent of the migration was dose dependent, the higher the dose the more marked the migration response. Normal 5-HT levels in the parasitized gut are higher than those in uninfected animals. The pattern of increasing levels of 5-HT in worm tissue directly followed the increases in the intestinal lumen, suggesting that worm 5-HT was of host origin. Blood 5-HT level similarly followed luminal increases. It is suggested that the pharmacological action of 5-HT on H. diminuta resulting in worm migration is implemented through the regulation of helminth neuromuscular activity and the carbohydrate metabolism, as has been demonstrated in other parasitic worms. PMID- 7225952 TI - A comparison of visual, brainstem auditory, and somatosensory evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. AB - Multimodality evoked potentials testing including PVEPs, SEPs and BAEPs was done in 112 patients who were known or suspected to have multiple sclerosis. The incidence of abnormal evoked potential findings in each of these systems was considered in patients in the different diagnostic categories of M.S. Results were also evaluated with respect to the presence of abnormal clinical visual, somatosensory, or brainstem signs. The PVEP was found to be the most frequently abnormal in even patients without clinical involvement in the visual system (45% of patients with definite, probable, or possible M.S.), the SEP was less frequently abnormal in the absence of clinical signs (35% in patients with M.S.), and the BAEP showed the lowest frequency of abnormalities in patients without brainstem signs (14% in patients with M.S.). Combining the three types of evoked potentials significantly increased the percentage of M.S. patients having abnormal findings, compared to any of these tests alone, with 97% of "definite" M.S. patients, 86% of "probable" M.S. patients and 63% of "possible" M.S. patients having at least one of these EP tests abnormal. PMID- 7225953 TI - Task dependent variations of ocular lateropulsion in Wallenberg's syndrome. AB - The eye movements of a patient with a left lateral medullary infarct (Wallenberg's syndrome) were recorded using the scleral search coil in magnetic field technique. When asked to look at spontaneously appearing targets, saccades to the left were generally accurate but those to the right reached the target by multiple step refixation saccades. Large amplitude rightward saccades were possible between two continuously visible targets or when making voluntary saccades in the dark. Vertical saccades, up or down, between spontaneously appearing targets were always associated with a leftward eye movement (lateropulsion). Voluntary vertical saccades between continuously visible targets showed that upward movements had left lateropulsion but downward movements were normal. Vertical voluntary saccades in the dark were oblique, upward saccades showing left lateropulsion and downward saccades rightward deviation. The aberrant horizontal components of normal oblique saccades. Possibly impaired assessment of verticality with incorrect eye position information produced by the infarct accounts for the lateropulsion in saccades in Wallenberg's syndrome. PMID- 7225954 TI - Method of addition of bromocriptine to the drug regime of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. AB - Using a method of a gradual increase of bromocriptine with a concomitant reduction of Sinemet (levodopa 250 mg + carbidopa 25 mg), 19 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease have been treated for periods of up to 22 months and 16 of them have shown improvements of varying degrees. Eighteen patients were able to tolerate bromocriptine addition, with early transient adverse effects occurring in seven cases. In contrast to several previously reported studies, it was found necessary to withdraw bromocriptine in only one case. With the drugs currently available, bromocriptine has a role in the management of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. The method described here may allow a greater number of patients to be given a trial with this drug. PMID- 7225955 TI - Multiple sclerosis and associated diseases: a relationship to diabetes mellitus. AB - One hundred multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and hospital controls were compared for coexisting illnesses, and other illnesses among their family members. The patients and controls were compared for allergy, migraine, and cancer among themselves and for a family history of these illnesses. The findings were negative. However a relationship was found between multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus. More MS patients than controls were either diabetic or reported a blood relative with diabetes. MS patients who reported another blood relative with MS were also more likely to report a family history of diabetes mellitus than MS patients who had no other relative with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7225956 TI - University of Toronto Neurosurgical Rounds No. 4. Global arteriovenous malformation of the cervical region. PMID- 7225957 TI - Treatment of Fisher's variant of Guillain Barre syndrome by exchange transfusion. AB - A case of Fisher's variant of Guillain Barre Syndrome is presented. Treatment with exchange transfusion coincided with clinical improvement. This is the first case of Fisher's variant treated in this manner. PMID- 7225958 TI - Friedreich's ataxia with nephrotic syndrome and convulsive disorder: clinical and neurophysiological studies with renal and nerve biopsies and an autopsy. AB - In a sibship of four, Friedreich's ataxia and minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome occurred in two siblings, a third sibling had Friedreich's ataxia, but no evidence of nephrotic syndrome; the fourth sibling had neither condition. The chance of Freidreich's ataxia and minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome occurring in two siblings is small, and suggested a common immunological abnormality. High dose prednisone and antimetabolites given for the nephrotic syndrome did not appear to affect the course of Friedreich's ataxia. The two siblings with Friedrich's ataxia and nephrotic syndrome developed epilepsy at age 15 years. All three children with Friedreich's ataxia had abnormal electroencephalograms (EEGs). These epileptiform EEG abnormalities were probably inherited from the mother, who had spike wave epilepsy. The neurologic deficits of Friedreich's ataxia, in turn, may have allowed the EEG trait to be expressed as a seizure disorder. The progressive ataxia and epileptic, sometimes myoclonic, seizures in these patients and the dentate nucleus changes in the autopsied patient were consistent with the diagnosis of dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica. This suggested that the latter disorder may represent a coincidence of two genetic entities: Friedreich's ataxia and spike wave epilepsy. PMID- 7225959 TI - The effect of several intertrial intervals on the 1 Hz interference effect. AB - Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of two intertrial intervals of 1-Hz brain stimulation on kindling behavior induced by 60Hz sine wave stimulation. In two experiments, the effective threshold intensity (ETI) to elicit a convulsion was determined on four separate occasions with 5 days of daily trials between determinations. On each day experimental rats were stimulated with 1-Hz current on the first and third trials for 120 seconds duration and with 60-Hz current for 30 seconds on the second trial (1-60-1 group). A second group was stimulated with 60-Hz-current on each trial (60-60-60 group). A third group received no stimulation on Trials 1 and 3 and 60-Hz current on Trial 2 (X-60-X group). In Experiment 1, the intertrial interval was 3 hours; a 24 hour interval was used in Experiment 2. The results were similar in both experiments. For the 1-60-1 group, there was a steady increase in the intensity required to elicit a convulsion shown with 60-Hz current from EtI1 to ETI4. However, the 24 hour interval produced a lesser effect than did 3 hour interval (or the 1 hour interval used in previous experiments). Rats in the other groups maintained relatively stable values from ETI1 to ETI1, with a slight decline occurring. Suppression of convulsive behaviour on daily trials was present with the 1-60-1 groups, and nonexistent with the other groups. PMID- 7225960 TI - Multiple regression analysis of diagnostic predictors in optic nerve disease. AB - Demyelination is assumed to be the cause of the majority of cases of isolated optic neuritis. Because of the importance of establishing the presence of optic nerve dysfunction in patients suspected of having multiple sclerosis several new indices of optic nerve conduction have been reported including the visual evoked potential, the edge-light pupil cycle time, and the Pulfrich test. These measures purport to detect optic nerve dysfunction but with varying degrees of success. This study of 93 patients with clearly documented previous optic neuritis was conducted to determine the statistical relationship between these three measures and other clinical diagnostic indices for detection for previous optic nerve disease and the utility of the diagnostic predictors taken individually, and in combination. The other indices used were the presence of detectable optic atrophy, color vision defect and the presence of a relative afferent pupillary defect. The variables were submitted to linear stepwise multiple regression analysis which indicated that the presence of optic atrophy, defective color vision and prolonged pupil cycle time when used in combination provided the most useful diagnostic prediction of previous optic neuritis in this group of patients. The addition of visual evoked potentials, the Pulfrich test or presence of a relative afferent pupillary defect did not significantly increase predictive reliability. PMID- 7225961 TI - The computerized tomographic appearance of angiographically occult arteriovenous malformations of the brain. AB - Eight patients with a histologically proven angiographically occult arteriovenous malformation of the brain had plain and infused computed tomographic (CT) examinations. In five cases angiography revealed a hypovascular mass in three cases the angiogram was normal. On CT examination a high density lesion (six cases) and ventricular asymmetry (five cases) were demonstrated. In three patients presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage, the high density appearance and ventricular compression were accounted for by the presence of hematoma. In three of five seizure patients the high density lesion was associated with calcification while ipsilateral (one case) and contralateral (one case) enlargement of the lateral ventricle was seen. In five of the eight cases the vascular nature of the lesion was suggested by vascular enhancement of the infused CT scan. Glioma was a common misdiagnosis. PMID- 7225962 TI - Delayed encephalopathy following carbon monoxide intoxication. AB - The case history and CT scan of a patient with delayed encephalopathy following carbon monoxide intoxication are described. The patient recovered. The CT scan revealed symmetrical areas of decreased density at the level of the globus pallidus. This case differs in several ways from other cases of carbon monoxide intoxication in which abnormalities of the CT scan were found. PMID- 7225963 TI - Spinal subdural hematoma in association with anticoagulant therapy. AB - A case of spinal subdural hematoma occurring in association with anticoagulant therapy is reported. Seven similar cases from the literature are reviewed the emphasis on the clinical features, investigation, and the results of treatment. The prognosis for recovery is good, only if the condition is diagnosed and the clot evacuated before severe spinal cord compression and subsequent ischemic necrosis has occurred. PMID- 7225965 TI - Pros and cons of antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. AB - Careful animal studies have demonstrated the scientific rationale for perioperative antimicrobial therapy in selected operations in order to prevent infectious complications. Operative procedures that carry increased risk for the patients or in which the results of infection are devastating, should now be carried out concomitantly with antimicrobial prophylaxis. Several studies have shown that therapy must begin before bacteria can establish themselves in the operative field and need not be continued for more than 24 hours. These principles should now be implemented in surgical practice with careful ongoing surveillance of infection, incidence and antimicrobial use to ensure their continuing efficacy. PMID- 7225964 TI - Complications of gastroduodenal surgery. AB - Postgastrectomy syndrome is too imprecise a term for the numerous complications that may follow gastroduodenal operations. A carefully taken history from a patient able to describe symptoms followed by appropriate investigations will allow accurate identification and effective treatment for most. There are many patients presently suffering these complications of gastroduodenal operations. We must remain aware of the problems in order to help them. PMID- 7225966 TI - Resection for chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. AB - Nineteen patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis have been followed up for 7 to 81 months (mean 45 months) since resection for the relief of pain. Five had distal pancreatectomy, three had a Whipple resection, seven had 75% pancreatectomy and four had total pancreatectomy. Pain was completely relieved in all patients after total pancreatectomy and in four patients after 75% pancreatectomy. Recurrent acute pancreatitis was frequent after distal pancreatectomy. Alcoholism recurred in six patients. Steatorrhea was noted grossly in 14 patients after operation. It was corrected by enzyme replacement. All patients had long-term weight gain, except one who had undergone a Whipple resection. Diabetes developed in one patient who underwent 75% pancreatectomy, in one after distal pancreatectomy and in all patients who underwent total pancreatectomy; management of the diabetes was complicated by heavy alcohol consumption in one patient who underwent total pancreatectomy. PMID- 7225967 TI - Reversal of protamine of the prolonged response to intrapulmonary heparin. AB - A single large dose of heparin (2000 units/kg) was administered to dogs by intratracheal instillation. Whole blood clotting times and plasma heparin concentrations were measured at intervals. At each interval the calculated dose of protamine required to neutralize the circulation heparin was given intravenously and the measurement of plasma heparin concentration repeated. The authors found that the whole blood clotting time was prolonged for 24 to 48 hours and there was a detectable concentration of heparin in the plasma for 96 hours. On each occasion the protamine eliminated the circulation heparin, but more heparin continued to enter the circulation. It is hypothesized that after rapid absorption from the lung, heparin is stored temporarily in a cellular pool throughout the body and then released into the circulation. At any given time the anticoagulant effect can be reversed by intravenously administered protamine sulfate if this should become necessary, but repeated administration would be required. Intrapulmonary heparin may have useful clinical applications but further clinical and laboratory investigations are required. PMID- 7225968 TI - Tolerance of the liver to ischemia: an experimental study. AB - The experiments described in this study challenge the 20th century belief that the liver is particularly vulnerable to deprivation of its blood supply for appreciable periods of time. The authors studied the effects of 60 minutes of normothermic hepatic ischemia on 10 pigs. The hepatic artery and its collateral vessels were occluded and portal blood was diverted by a portojugular shunt. This produced a 90% reduction in liver blood flow as determined by xenon-127 washout. None of the animals died of liver failure. The ischemic insult did not produce jaundice in any of the animals and only minimal transient changes in liver enzymes occurred. The results suggest that the liver is capable of withstanding prolonged periods of ischemia. PMID- 7225969 TI - Recurrent hiatal hernia: management by thoracoabdominal total fundoplication gastroplasty. AB - Recurrent hiatal hernia presents a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The authors present a series of 121 patients in whom recurrent hiatal hernia was investigated by history, radiology, endoscopy and manometry and acid perfusion testing before surgical correction by thoracoabdominal total fundoplication gastroplasty. The preoperative findings were compared with those of 238 patients who had undergone primary repair. Roentgenography was found to be less accurate in the diagnosis of anatomic recurrence than of the original hernia. Manometry and endoscopy increased the diagnostic accuracy of recurrent hernia. The thoracoabdominal approach was used to allow direct vision dissection both above and below the diaphragm. Gastroplasty minimized the risk of anatomic recurrence and allowed reflux control even in patients with an irreducible hiatal hernia. Total fundoplication, added to gastroplasty, is the most effective method of preventing reflux. There were no anatomic recurrences and no evidence of reflux in the 121 patients who had secondary repair. Two patients have required further surgery to modify the total fundoplication gastroplasty. With a 96.7% follow-up, 94.2% of the patients are considered to have excellent results. PMID- 7225970 TI - Iatrogenic false aneurysms. AB - Of 270 patients operated upon for aneurysm, 25 patients underwent repair for 28 iatrogenic false aneurysms. Of these, 67.9% were complications of vascular reconstructive surgery and 64.3% occurred at the groin. Iatrogenic false aneurysm was associated with various prosthetic and suture materials and in many the attenuation of host arterial wall appeared to play an important role. Newer invasive procedures, such as arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic agents, also lead to formation of iatrogenic false aneurysm. Infections, present in 50% of the author's series, and intra-abdominal iatrogenic false aneurysm, with abdominal viscera forming part of the aneurysmal wall, posed a technical challenge. Iatrogenic false aneurysm is a potentially grave complication since the mortality and limb loss were each 8% in this series. PMID- 7225971 TI - Symposium on carcinoma of the pancreas 1. Introduction. PMID- 7225972 TI - Diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - The emergence of new diagnostic techniques has been of great value in pancreatic carcinoma. These techniques include ultrasonography, computerized axial tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy. In spite of these advances in diagnosis, the prognosis of the disease remains poor and most patients still present at a late stage. Used intelligently, these technologic advances can reduce the number of investigations for pancreatic malignant lesions and yet maintain a high degree of diagnostic accuracy. A schema of investigations based on clinical symptoms and a patient's ability to undergo surgery is presented. The author believes this approach obviates the need for diagnostic laparotomy in many and palliative surgery for obstructive jaundice in some. PMID- 7225973 TI - The pathological features of carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - The frequency of cancer of the pancreas is increasing and has surpassed that of cancer of the stomach. Lesions are more common in the head of the gland than in the body and tail. Smaller tumours tend to be localized and are associated with a better prognosis. The majority of tumours are hard and demonstrate a prominent desmoplastic reaction. They present as ill-defined masses which makes their differentiation from chronic pancreatitis difficult. Duct cell adenocarcinomas constitute 75% of all cancers of the pancreas. Some of the uncommon types include giant cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and acinar cell carcinoma. The role of open biopsy in diagnosing cancer of the pancreas remains controversial. Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration cytology appears promising. The technique is safe and inexpensive but needs an experienced cytopathologist to interpret the results accurately. PMID- 7225974 TI - Incidental appendectomy?--Yes. AB - A consecutive group of 100 patients over the age of 40 years, who were operated upon for histologically proven acute appendicitis, were reviewed. Although there were no deaths, 36 had complications, of which 30 were related to wound infection. Thirty-one patients were found at operation to have perforation. Of these 100 patients, 13 could have had their appendices removed previously at the time of an elective laparotomy. The morbidity of incidental appendectomy was reviewed in 200 randomly selected patients, also over the age of 40 years, who underwent either elective hysterectomy or cholecystectomy. Half had an incidental appendectomy and the other half did not. The indication for appendectomy was the preference of the surgeon. There was no important difference in operative or postoperative problems in the two groups of patients. The authors conclude that incidental appendectomy is a worthwhile and safe procedure unless there are specific contraindications. PMID- 7225975 TI - A case of bilateral renal cell carcinoma in polycystic kidneys. AB - The authors present the seventh reported case of bilateral renal cell carcinoma in polycystic kidneys. They review the literature on benign and malignant tumours in polycystic kidneys emphasizing the diagnostic problems created by this condition. The diagnosis can be made by renal angiography. Therefore the authors suggest that this procedure should be carried out in all patients with polycystic renal disease who have hematuria. PMID- 7225976 TI - Cosmesis in segmental mastectomy. AB - The controversy about the best treatment for primary breast cancer will be settled only when properly designed clinical trials are completed. Most surgeons would rather await the results of such trials than participate in them. Prominent among the reasons for this view is the belief that an adequate cancer operation can seldom be performed with appropriate cosmetic preservation of the breast and, therefore, the trial of an unproven operation is not justified, because nothing can be gained. The poor cosmetic result is often owing to lack of experience with segmental mastectomy. From experience with 400 patients in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP) protocol has emerged an appreciation of the technical points that permit adequately wide local excision with minimal cosmetic loss. The results should stimulate both patients and surgeons to consider appropriate clinical trials for primary breast cancer surgery. This paper considers the causes of cosmetic failure and suggests the means of overcoming them. PMID- 7225977 TI - Priapism after aortic valve replacement. AB - An unusual case of priapism is described. The cause was unknown but the onset of the condition coincided with the start of Coumadin therapy which was given orally to a 65-year-old man who had undergone aortic valve replacement. Management of this patient was difficult. Conservative measures failed, but a corpus spongiosum -cavernosum shunt successfully resolved the problem. The authors emphasize that priapism must be treated urgently if potency is to be maintained. They also consider the various possible causes and treatment of priapism. PMID- 7225978 TI - Objectives of teaching community health to medical undergraduates. PMID- 7225980 TI - [Hospitals and health for all in the year 2000]. PMID- 7225979 TI - The Hall Review: a commitment for renewal? PMID- 7225981 TI - General and nutritional health in two Eskimo populations at different stages of acculturation. PMID- 7225982 TI - Smoking during pregnancy - a national survey on the curricula in medical, nursing, and physiotherapy schools in Canada. PMID- 7225983 TI - A survey of the prevalence of vision defects and ocular anomalies in 43 Ontario residential and nursing homes. PMID- 7225984 TI - Genetic screening: public health and the law. PMID- 7225985 TI - The Occupational Health and Safety Act (Bill 70) and Health care Institutions in Ontario. PMID- 7225986 TI - Pre-exercise evaluation: confusion and controversy heading for clarification. PMID- 7225987 TI - Orthoptists: paramedical specialists and their role in eye care. PMID- 7225988 TI - Phage typing of Salmonella typhi in Canada (1967-1976). PMID- 7225989 TI - An analysis of "Par-Q" responses in an office population. PMID- 7225991 TI - Knowledge and attitudes of Vancouver residents toward food additives. PMID- 7225990 TI - [The Denver Developmental Screening Test of French-Canadian infants: comparative study at 3 months and at 6 months]. PMID- 7225992 TI - Dangerous canning practices in Manitoba. PMID- 7225993 TI - A retrospective survey of diseases of feedlot cattle in Alberta. AB - A survey of feedlot managers was used to obtain information on disease occurrence, management practices and preventive techniques employed in feedlots in Alberta. Respiratory diseases were reported to be the most frequent causes of sickness and death. Costs associated with disease occurrence were estimated to be C $15.6 million in feedlots in Alberta annually during the period under study. PMID- 7225994 TI - Growth rates at the extremities of limb bones in young horses. AB - Measurements were made of growth at the extremities of all the long bones of the left limbs of 23 horses between 52 and 104 days of age. Growth rates were more rapid in the younger than in the older animals. Growth was more rapid in the hind limb than in the forelimb. Growth rates were greater for males than in females. Although this age group represents only two of the 60 or so months necessary for maturity to be reached, oxytetracycline bone-labelling produced results which are more precise than measurements obtained by other methods. This study provides a substantial amount of data for an age group of horses whose growth rate has not been well documented. PMID- 7225995 TI - Vaccination against pleuropneumonia of pigs caused by Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. AB - A strain of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae was isolated from a pig with pleuropneumonia from a herd where this condition was frequent. A formalin inactivated culture of this isolate was used as antigen in two vaccine preparations: A and B. Vaccine A had peanut oil + arlacel 80 + tween 80 as adjuvant and vaccine B had aluminum hydroxide gel as adjuvant. Twenty pigs were vaccinated twice with vaccine A and 19 with vaccine B. Twenty additional pigs were not vaccinated. All pigs were transferred to the herd. Eleven pigs in the nonvaccinated group developed pneumonia and seven of these died within eight days after exposure. None of the vaccinated pigs had signs of pneumonia. It is concluded that the vaccines prevented the acute form of pleuropneumonia due to H. pleuropneumoniae. PMID- 7225996 TI - Hyperplastic goitre in newborn foals in Western Canada. AB - Hyperplastic goitre was observed in seven newborn foals. Several were weak at birth and died in the first 48 hours of life. Only one foal had myxedema and only three of the seven had obvious enlargement of the thyroid at necropsy. It is suggested that the goitre observed was caused by a dietary deficiency of iodine. PMID- 7225997 TI - Bovine mastitis: a survey of Ontario dairy producers, 1978. AB - A survey to assess the knowledge and perception regarding mastitis of 1200 randomly selected Ontario dairy producers was conducted using a mailed questionnaire. Other data were provided by the Ontario Milk Marketing Board and the Dairy Herd Improvement Association. In general, producers were less aware of subclinical than clinical mastitis and did not appreciate the losses in production associated with it. Approximately 40% of producers were not familiar with mastitis in its subclinical form.Many producers have not adopted practices that have been advocated for the integrated control of mastitis. For example, 35.5% of producers surveyed used single service paper towels and 38% regularly used teat dips and dry cow antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7225998 TI - Residues: the responsibility of the veterinarian with respect to prescribing, monitoring and controlling. PMID- 7225999 TI - Metastatic sarcomas: chemotherapy with adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate alternating with actinomycin D, DTIC, and vincristine. AB - Two-hundred-thirty-two evaluable patients with metastatic sarcomas received a palliative experimental treatment program consisting of Adriamycin, 60 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide, 600 mg/m2, and methotrexate, 25 mg/m2 intravenously every three weeks for two courses. This program was followed by a randomization to maintenance therapy consisting of either the same regimen (ACM), an alternative regimen ADV (actinomycin-D, 1 mg/m2, DTIC, 250 mg/m2, and vincristine, 1.4 mg/m2 intravenously weekly), or alternating ACM and ADV. Twenty percent of patients had complete (6%) or partial (14%) responses, and an additional 41% of patients were stable throughout the remission and maintenance regimens. Response rates were similar regardless of the degree of toxicity observed during induction therapy. Although improved quality of responses after maintenance therapy was more frequent on ACM-ADV (19%) than on ADV (3%) or ACM (10%) maintenance therapy, the durations of response were similar for the three regimens (25 weeks, 19.7 weeks, and 19.6 weeks, respectively). Complete responses lasted a median of 44.5 weeks versus 19 weeks for partial responses. Although the length of survival depended upon the quality of response ultimately achieved (16 months for complete responders, 13.6 for partial responders, 11.6 months for patients with stable disease versus 4.0 months with progressive disease), median survival was similar for patients on each of the three randomized maintenance regimens (12 months for ACM, 13 months for aDV, and ten months for ACM-ADV). Toxicity was significantly worse on either of the regimens containing ADV, particularly peripheral neuropathy and gastrointestinal toxicity. Therefore, the ACM regimen for remission induction and remission maintenance is the most desirable of the treatment programs tested. PMID- 7226000 TI - The relationship of the possible hepatic toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs and carcinoembryonic antigen elevation. AB - The value of the serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as an indicator of recurrent colorectal carcinoma has been accepted, and the use of serial CEA levels to monitor postoperative chemotherapy has been suggested, However, elevated CEA levels may be associated with nonneoplastic conditions, of which the most difficult to evaluate is hepatic disease. The effect of chemotherapy on hepatic function and therefore on CEA level is not clear. We discuss a patient who, after a potentially curative resection for adenocarcinoma, demonstrated a rise in CEA level in the absence of recurrent carcinoma. This rise correlated with administration of intravenous 5-fluorouracil. Liver biopsy demonstrated severe fatty infiltration with no evidence of cirrhosis. The possible liver toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs must be considered as a factor responsible for the rise in CEA. Simultaneous assessment of hepatic function is essential to the accurate interpretation of CEA levels, especially in patients receiving chemotherapy. PMID- 7226001 TI - Experience of the Curie Institute in treatment of cancer of the mobile tongue: I. Treatment policies and result. AB - Six-hundred-two patients were treated for cancer of the mobile tongue between 1959 and 1972. Sixteen percent had T1, 48% T2, and 36% T3 lesions. Sixty-four percent had no palpable nodes (N0). The primary was treated in the majority of patients by radium implant alone or in association with external radiotherapy. Nodes were treated primarily by surgery. Absolute and determinate survivals at five years are 36% and 48%. Determinate survivals for T1, T2 and T3 tumors are 80%, 56%, and 25%. Fifty-nine percent of those with clinically negative neck nodes survived five years. Recurrence at the primary site alone or associated with neck failure is 14% for T1, 22% for T2 and 29% for T3. Seventy percent of recurrences occurred within one year. Although 13% of patients who had recurrences at the primary site were alive at five years, 33% of those who had salvage surgery were rescued. Two percent of patients required surgery for radiation necrosis. In our opinion, radiotherapy remains the treatment of choice for the management of the primary lesion of cancer of the mobile tongue. PMID- 7226002 TI - Experience of the Curie Institute in treatment of cancer of the mobile tongue: II. Management of the neck nodes. AB - Treatment of neck nodes of 602 patients with cancer of the mobile tongue was mainly surgical. Three-hundred-eighty-three (64%) were clinically N0, and 244 had elective neck dissection. Thirty-four percent (84/244) had occult metastasis. Thirteen percent (33/244) had major nodal involvement (greater than 3N + and/or extracapsular spread) and received postoperative radiotherapy. Twenty-one percent (7/33) recurred in the neck. Thirty-six percent (12/33) were alive, NED, at five years. Sixty-six percent (160/244) were N-, and 21% (51/244) had minimal nodal disease (less than or equal to 3N+) and did not receive postoperative radiotherapy; recurrence in neck was similar (7% and 14%) as well as the five year survival (54% and 51%). Twenty-one patients had preoperative radiotherapy to the neck. Only one (5%) experienced recurrence of disease. Fifty had radiotherapy only. Seven (14%) failed in the neck. There were 219 patients who had clinically positive nodes and 120 who had radical neck dissection. One-hundred-one of these patients did not receive preoperative radiotherapy. Sixty-three percent (64/101) had nodal metastasis, and 27% (27/101) had major nodal involvement. In this group of patients, for the same degree of nodal involvement, postoperative recurrences in neck and the survival were similar to that of patients with clinically N0 neck, except for those with major nodal involvement. This latter group had a dismal five-year survival (12%). Nineteen had preoperative radiotherapy, and three (16%) had recurrence of disease in the neck. At present, patients with clinically N0 neck and small primary (less than or equal to 3 cm), who are therefore at low risk of failure at primary, receive brachytherapy and conservative neck dissection. Postoperative radiotherapy is given if major nodal metastasis exists. Those with larger primary (high risk of failure) receive neck irradiation only, since many will require combined resection at a later date. All patients with clinically positive nodes are treated preoperatively with 5500 rads before neck dissection. PMID- 7226004 TI - Oncocytic carcinoid of lung: an ultrastructural analysis. AB - A 52-year-old man with a typical carcinoid tumor of the lung in which the tumor cells displayed marked oncocytic metaplasia is presented. The clinicopathologic and ultrastructural differences with so-called oncocytic of the lung are discussed. The potential of Kulchitsky cell derivatives to undergo oncocytic metaplasma is documented ultrastructurally. PMID- 7226003 TI - The cellular features of developing carcinoma in murine urinary bladder. AB - Bladder cancer often results from a widespread reaction of urothelial cells to carcinogenic stimuli. Although developing carcinoma is widely considered to progress through various grades of epithelial atypia, well-controlled prospective studies detailing the morphologic features of these lesions at the cellular level have not appeared in the literature. This study was designed to document the cellular features of developing urothelial carcinoma in experimental animals using the BHBN model system. Developing lesions were monitored by periodic collection of urine and tissue. The specimens were coded and examined by cytology and histology using multiple discriminators. The morphologic changes in the treated bladders were statistically different from those in control tissue. They could be divided into three stages: 1) The earliest abnormalities were an increase in the number of cell layers, loss of polarity, and slight crowding of nuclei in the tissue sections. Among the cellular features, there were increased nuclear size and sharply angulated indentations (notches) in the nuclear borders. A few nuclei exhibited a finely granular pattern, but dusty chromatin predominated. 2) In the intermediate stage, nuclear crowding became more prominent, and there were numerous areas with finely granular, regularly distributed chromatin. A few nucleoli were identified. Mitoses were prominent in the tissue sections. 3) In the late stage, as papillary tumors developed elsewhere, the urothelium of the flat areas changed significantly. Nuclear crowding and notching remained constant but were overshadowed by the appearance of nucleoli and irregularly distributed chromatin. The pattern was finely granular in some cases but coarsely granular in most. Nuclear size decreased markedly as the cells became smaller and more numerous. Cytologically, it was not possible to distinguish these cells from neoplastic cells emanating from the papillary areas. This experimental study tends to confirm deductions made from clinical material that urothelial carcinoma develops through an orderly sequence of morphologic severity. It further indicates that invasive carcinoma can arise from neoplastic cells that neither occupy the full thickness of the epithelium nor represent lateral migration from an adjacent full thickness lesion. The detailed cellular features documented can be used to identify atypical cells in correlative cytologic preparations. Studies such as this could provide an experimental basis for future evaluations of the cytologic characteristics of human urothelial atypia. PMID- 7226005 TI - Estrogen receptor: a prognostic factor in breast cancer. AB - Two-hundred-seventeen women with primary breast carcinoma had an estrogen receptor determination tested by both the dextran-coated charcoal assay and sucrose density gradient. The results were correlated with the disease-free interval, survival, response to hormone therapy or chemotherapy, and site of recurrent disease. The disease-free interval (DFI) was significantly longer in premenopausal patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) determination compared with premenopausal patients with estrogen receptor negative (ER-) determinations, irrespective of nodal involvement (P less than 0.05). There was no difference between the postmenopausal patients. The survival of the ER+ patients was statistically longer than that of the ER- patients (P less than 0.05). Statistical significance remained when the patients were grouped according to menopausal status or nodal involvement (P less than 0.002 or less). Sixty-two patients were treated with hormonal therapy, either ablative or additive. Forty eight percent of patients with ER+ responded compared with 6% of patients with ER (P less than 0.0005). Seventy-nine patients received chemotherapy; 52% of the ER+ and 57% of the ER- patients responded (P less than 0.5). ER+ tumors had a predilection to metastasize in skin and bone, while ER- tumors metastasized more commonly to the viscera and brain. PMID- 7226006 TI - Epidermoid cysts of the testis: a report of three cases and an analysis of 141 cases from the world literature. AB - Epidermoid cysts of the testis are rare and represent about 1% of all testicular tumors. An analysis of 141 cases reported to date in the world literature, including the cases reported here, indicates that 50% of the lesions occur in the third decade and 86% between the second and fourth decade. The most common presentations are painless enlargement of the testis (41%) for an average period of 2.25 years or incidental detection during routine physical examination (33%). Clinically, a discrete testicular nodule can be palpated in the majority of the cases (76%). Pathologic findings are those of a squamous lined cyst containing keratin with absence of appendages or other elements. It is believed that, despite the benign nature of the lesion, they should be treated by orchiectomy so that a thorough pathologic examination can be done to establish a confident diagnosis. While some controversy exists about their source of origin, all the evidence, including the age, more common occurrence among whites, and the rare reported cases arising in cryptorchid testis points to a germ cell origin for these lesions. The epidermoid cyst should thus be recognized as another subtype in the category of germ cell tumors of the testis and perhaps the ovary. PMID- 7226007 TI - Protein-losing enteropathy in a patient with generalized Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - A Kaposi's sarcoma case with involvement of the gastrointestinal tract resulting in an unusual clinical syndrome characterized by diarrhea and protein-losing enteropathy is described. A careful examination of the literature reveals only one account of this rare pathologic condition. PMID- 7226008 TI - Spontaneous mesenteric fibromatosis in Gardner's syndrome. AB - Mesenteric fibromatosis has been reported in frequent association with familial polyposis and with Gardner's syndrome. This vague "benign" process has been characterized as a postsurgical phenomenon with low morbidity. Two cases of spontaneous mesenteric fibromatosis, noted at the time of original laparotomy for colectomy in Gardner's syndrome patients, are reported. No history of abdominal trauma was present, and both have well-documented Gardner's findings. A 32% incidence of desmoid reaction is reported among affected members of the original Gardner's syndrome Kindred 109; five or 55% of these patients had the mesenteric form of the process. The potential fatal course of the mesenteric disease is emphasized. PMID- 7226009 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a duplication of the colon: case report and literature review of squamous cell carcinoma of the colon and of malignancy complicating colonic duplication. AB - A case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a duplication of the colon is reported, and the literature of squamous cell carcinoma of the colon and of malignancy complicating duplications of the colon is reviewed. This is the 23rd case of "pure" squamous cell carcinoma of the colon to be reported, and the second reported as arising in a duplication of the colon. Several possible mechanisms for the development of a squamous cell carcinoma in the colon are discussed. PMID- 7226011 TI - An approach to classifying prognostic factors related to survival experience for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients: based on a series of 982 patients: 1967-1975. AB - The survival experience of 982 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients registered at Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, between 1967 and 1975, was studied. Prognostic groups were obtained by means of a classification procedure based on standard statistical techniques; the variables utilized in the classification were ones of known reproducibility which could be measured with little inconvenience to the patient. The results show that these prognostic groups give better information than the Ann Arbor staging classification in the sense that the survival curves are clearly separated and "good prognosis" and "poor prognosis" groups are clearly identified. Implications for therapy planning are briefly discussed. PMID- 7226010 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma in dominant type epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica. AB - The unusual genetic disorder epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica has been reported in several patients in whom the chronic cutaneous scars led to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. However, only one of these previously reported cases involved the autosomal dominant form of the disease; the remainder occurred in its recessive counterpart. We report the second and third patients with squamous cell carcinoma associated with the dominant form of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica. In addition, we not only observed the previous electron microscopic findings of decreased numbers of anchoring fibrils beneath the basal lamina but have also noted marked disruption of the basal lamina itself. PMID- 7226012 TI - Monophasic mesenchymal synovial sarcoma: its identification by tissue culture. AB - Tissue cultures from a series of spindle cell soft tissue sarcomas allowed th identification of five cases in which the neoplastic cells grew as polygonal elements, forming plaques in the same way as epithelial tumors. The similarity of this behavior in vitro to that of normal pleura and synovium, and to monophasic malignant pleural mesothelioma, allowed these tumors to be classified as monophasic synovial sarcomas. None of the five tumors showed specific light optical features, being composed of fusiform cells with a tendency to form slits in two cases. No true epithelial differentiation was found. The topographic distribution and the response to therapy of the neoplasms were also similar to that found in the usual biphasic tumors. PMID- 7226013 TI - Long-term complete remissions of Kaposi's sarcoma with vinblastine therapy. AB - Four patients with advanced Kaposi's sarcoma who were treated with weekly vinblastine therapy achieved long-term remissions. Three patients are still in complete remission at two years, four years, and four years respectively, while the fourth achieved excellent partial remission lasting seven-and-one-half years. The regimen produced no toxicity. We suggest the use of vinblastine as a useful chemotherapeutic agent for Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7226014 TI - An experimental model for treatment of mesothelioma. AB - A peritoneal mesothelioma was induced by asbestos in a hamster, and was established in serial transfer to new hosts by injection of peritoneal effusion containing tumor cells. Biologically and histopathologically, this tumor is similar to its human counterpart. Three drugs were tested for efficacy using this model. Survival time was used as the only parameter of response and was compared with survival time of controls. Survival time increased 25 to 50% after short regimens of doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil. Survival time increased up to 308% after long-continued treatments with cyclophosphamide. No cures were achieved. PMID- 7226016 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of mediastinal metastases in bronchogenic carcinoma: a prospective comparison of chest radiography and gallium-67 scanning. AB - Evaluation of regional node involvement in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma is a crucial step in determining therapy and prognosis. Mediastinoscopy has been recommended for staging all potentially operable cases, but technical limitations and the need for anesthesia make this impractical. Gallium-67 scanning and chest radiography were prospectively compared as noninvasive means of evaluating spread to regional nodes in 75 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma in whom histologic evaluation of hilar and mediastinal nodes was performed. Gallium scanning was more accurate than chest radiography in assessing regional nodes (overall accuracy 85.3% vs. 56%, P less than 0.05). When positive, both procedures correctly indicate malignant involvement of regional nodes (85% vs. 87.3%). A negative gallium scan, however, was significantly more accurate in predicting the absence of such involvement (80% vs. 40%, P less than 0.01). Gallium scanning appears to be a reliable, noninvasive means of assessing mediastinal spread of bronchogenic carcinoma and when used in conjunction with radiographic findings, allows selection of appropriate patients for surgical staging procedures. PMID- 7226015 TI - 131I therapy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: M. D. Anderson Hospital experience. AB - The therapeutic response and survival rates of 352 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who had received radioactive iodine therapy since 1951 were studied. Of these patients, 72% had metastases to the cervical lymph nodes, lungs, bone, or other viscera. Of all patients, 70% showed complete remission, and 30% showed partial response or recurrence of disease or both. Patients with metastases before therapy had a higher incidence of recurrence than those who had localized thyroid disease (32.4% vs. 15.1%). Of these, 97 patients had recurrent disease. In 24 of these patients, the recurrent tumor failed to take iodine, indicating change in its iodine-concentrating characteristics. Of the 352 patients, 44 (12.5%) died of progressive thyroid carcinoma, and all were over 40 years of age at the time of initial diagnosis. Mean survival of patients with metastatic disease who were over 40 years of age at initial diagnosis was significantly lower than that of patients under 40 years of age (6.2 years vs. 11.5 years). Patients with recurrent metastases unresponsive to surgery or radioactive iodine therapy were treated with palliative radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both. They respond poorly and died within a few months. PMID- 7226017 TI - Radiation therapy in carcinoma of the vulva. AB - Sixteen patients who had malignant lesions of the vulva and were treated at Cook County Hospital from July 1957 to June 1976 are presented. Nine patients received irradiation as a primary treatment, four received preoperative irradiation, and three received postoperative irradiation. External irradiation was employed for all patients, and tele-cobalt or tele-cesium therapy was utilized to deliver 3000 to 6000 rad to the vulvar and/or inguinal area. The number of patients in this study is small; however, the response to radiation therapy was remarkable in all patients. There was no residual cancer in vulvectomy specimens of four patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma who received 3000--4200 rad external irradiation prior to surgery. This study suggests that further investigation of radiation therapy in the management of vulvar cancer seems justified. PMID- 7226018 TI - Staging lymphography with respect to lymph node histology, treatment, and follow up in patients with mycosis fungoides. AB - Extracutaneous involvement in mycosis fungoides (MF) is associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, a pretreatment staging procedure is used to determine the extent of the disease. As part of the staging procedure lymphography was performed in 36 patients with MF. The radiographic findings and the correlation of these findings with the histopathologic changes in lymph nodes and the clinical course are described. Lymphography in MF shows a variety of abnormalities. However, these abnormalities correlate in only 61% of the patients with the extent and the clinical course of the disease. It is concluded that lymphography is not a useful clinical tool in the staging of MF. PMID- 7226019 TI - Quantitative electron microscopic comparison of lymphocyte nuclear contours in mycosis fungoides and in benign infiltrates in skin. AB - Quantitative electron microscopy was used to measure lymphocyte nuclear contours in skin biopsies from 109 patients, 77 with benign disorders, 16 with early mycosis fungoides (MF), and 16 with controversial lesions. A nuclear contour index (NCI) was calculated on electron micrographs by dividing the nuclear profile circumference by the square root of the nuclear area. Significant differences were found between the group mean NCI for MF (NCI = 6.1 +/- 0.1) and for the benign group (NCI = 4.6 to 5.4 +/- 0.1; P less than 0.005). The group mean NCI for the controversial cases was significantly lower than that of the MF group (P less than 0.05). It is suggested that a definite electron microscopic diagnosis of MF requires first a patient mean NCI of 6.1 or more, and second, at least 6% of lymphocytes with an NCI of 9 or more. These criteria give a false positive rate of 3% in benign and controversial disorders and a 50% false negative rate for early MF. Only lymphocytes with an NCI of 16 or more appear specific for MF (or Sezary's syndrome), but are not found in all cases. PMID- 7226020 TI - Comparison of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in normal mouse tissues to that in the reticulum cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. AB - A strong activity of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, isoenzyme 5b, was observed in mouse spleen. The enzyme of the mouse spleen had similar electrophoretic mobility and related antigenicity to that of the reticulum cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Enzyme histochemical studies showed many non phagocytic cells with strong tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in spleen. The data suggest that mouse tissue is a good animal model to study the normal cell type with strong tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. PMID- 7226021 TI - Fibrous mesotheliomas (pseudofibroma) of the scrotal sac: a light and ultrastructural study. AB - Fibrous mesotheliomas of the scrotal sac are described. Similar tumors have been previously reported as fibromas and pseudofibromas and have been considered to be non-neoplastic, reactive, fibrous lesions. Ultrastructural evidence for a mesothelial origin for these tumors is presented. The value of ultrastructural study in the classification of tumors arising in or on mesothelial lined surfaces is stressed. PMID- 7226022 TI - Malignant giant cell tumor of soft tissues: a clinicopathologic, cytologic, ultrastructural, angiographic, and microangiographic study. AB - A clinical, angiographic, pathologic-anatomic, and cytologic study of 12 cases of malignant giant cell tumor of soft tissues is presented. Preoperative angiography was performed in five cases, one of which was also studied by microangiography. Aspiration cytologic examination was performed in five cases and electron microscopy in one case. In nine cases the tumors were deeply situated and in three they were subcutaneous. In six cases the tumors were located within the lower extremity, in four cases in the upper extremity and shoulder, in one case retroperitoneally and in one case in the neck. Except for one case, the follow-up period was 1--14 years. Seven of the patients had died from metastasizing tumor disease at the time of follow-up. High vascularity and rapid circulation characterized the tumors at preoperative angiography. Conventional histology, aspiration cytology, and electron microscopy disclosed histiocyte-like cells, fibroblast-like cells, and multinucleated giant cells of both osteoclast-like benign and pleomorphic malignant type, in varying proportions. The histiocyte like cells and the giant cells exhibited phagocytic activity at these examinations. The finding of phagocytosing pleomorphic malignant cells and giant cells of osteoclast type in aspiration cytologic material strongly favors the diagnosis of malignant giant cell tumor of soft tissues. PMID- 7226023 TI - CSF polyamines: a new and important means of monitoring patients with medulloblastoma. AB - An earlier study that showed the importance of cerebrospinal fluid polyamine levels for monitoring patients harboring medulloblastomas was expanded to 210 determinations evaluated in 32 patients. The results and conclusions of our earlier study have been confirmed in this expanded patient group. Patient status, with regard to either progression or regression of tumor, was determined by correlating polyamine levels with neurologic examination, computerized tomography, radionuclide scan, cerebrospinal fluid cytology, and myelography. The polyamine assay was predictive of recurrence in 15 patients; three false negatives and no false positives were found. We feel that cerebrospinal fluid polyamine determinations should be a routine diagnostic procedure in the long term monitoring of patients harboring medulloblastoma. PMID- 7226024 TI - Cerebellar "neuroblastoma": nosology as it relates to medulloblastoma. AB - Medulloblastoma is a relatively common and well-established entity, consisting of primitive, multipotential cells that may exhibit some evidence of neuroblastic or glial differentiation. However, cerebellar "neuroblastoma" with ultrastructural evidence of significant neuroblastic differentiation are extremely rare. We have studied three tumors with light microscopic evidence of neuroblastic differentiation. All of these tumors have regions resembling medulloblastoma; this finding suggests that cerebellar "neuroblastoma" represents one form of medulloblastoma. These cases provide further evidence for the potential medulloblastoma cells to differentiate along neuronal lines. PMID- 7226025 TI - Prognostic significance of Lauren and Ming classifications and other pathologic parameters in gastric carcinoma. AB - One hundred seventy-two patients with gastric carcinoma were studied (111 men and 61 women). Mean age was 54.0 +/- 11.2 years, and the overall five-year survival rate was 37.5%. There were four carcinomas in situ and one double carcinoma; the remaining 167 were classified as intestinal (112), diffuse (48), and atypical (7), according to Lauren; and as expanding (96) and infiltrative (71), according to Ming. Both classifications had prognostic significance; that of Lauren's could not be ascribed to sex and age of patients, to location of tumors, or to extent of disease, but appeared to be associated with the histologic pattern of regional lymph nodes. The prognostic significance of Ming's classification did not seem to depend upon sex and age of patients, location of tumors, or lymphoid response, but appeared to be partially related with extent of disease. The concurrent use of both classification did not provide further prognostic information. PMID- 7226026 TI - Cervical carcinoid ("argyrophil cell" carcinoma) associated with an endocervical adenocarcinoma: a light and ultrastructural study. AB - On microscopic examination of a cervical carcinoid removed from a 29-year-old woman, foci of endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and severe squamous dysplasia were present immediately adjacent to the invasive carcinoid tumor. Cells of the carcinoid tumor contained abundant intracytoplasmic argyrophilic granules and numerous neurosecretory granules (NSG) on ultrastructural study. Neoplastic cells of the endocervical AIS were devoid of argyrophilic granules and contained no NSGs. The present neoplastic process appeared similar to cases of a "mixed" type neoplasm composed of a carcinoid tumor and an adenocarcinoma, which have been reported from several areas of the body but only once previously from the cervix. The possible mechanisms accounting for such an unusual neoplastic process are discussed. PMID- 7226027 TI - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and asbestosis. AB - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy was diagnosed in a 71-year-old white man who had weakness, with weight loss, fever, cough, and generalized lymphadenopathy. The patient had a long occupational history of shipyard work. Diagnosis of asbestosis was made clinically by chest x-ray, and ferruginous bodies were found in the lung at autopsy. Recent reports have suggested a possible association between asbestos exposure and lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Chronic antigenic stimulation by asbestos could predispose one to the immunoproliferative disorder seen in this patient or be responsible for it. The possible significance of this relationship, previously unreported, is discussed for future consideration. PMID- 7226028 TI - Infections in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis). AB - Of 22 patients with hairy cell leukemia, 18 developed life-threatening infections. Susceptibility to infection appeared to be increased nonspecifically, in that a wide range of infecting organisms were noted. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the organism isolated most frequently. Four patients had disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii, and one had bacillus Calmette-Guerin lymphadenitis. Two patients developed serious fungal infections (Candida albicans in one and Allescheria boydii in the other). One patient had disseminated cytomegalovirus infection and two had toxoplasmosis. Splenectomy did not appear to decrease the infection rate. The infection rate initially increased following chemotherapy (P less than 0.001), then returned to pretreatment levels by two months following treatment. Infections were most frequent during granulocytopenia (P less than 0.01), but granulocytopenia was not a prerequisite for either life-threatening or fatal infections. Monocytopenia may be a more important factor than granulocytopenia in risk of infection in hairy cell leukemia patients. PMID- 7226029 TI - Supratentorial recurrences in medulloblastoma. AB - Four children with medulloblastoma had massive supratentorial recurrences in the region of the cribriform plate after adequate craniospinal irradiation. The pathogenesis of these recurrences is probably related to underdosage to this region by shielding of the eyes. This hypothesis was corroborated by autopsy findings in two other patients in whom subfrontal implants were histologically different from recurrences elsewhere. Two possible solutions to avoid this problem in the future are suggested. PMID- 7226030 TI - Malignant metastatic disease of the eye: management of an uncommon complication. AB - Twenty-four patients with metastatic cancer of the choroid were seen in the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Rush-Presbyterian--St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, between 1964 and 1975. One fourth of the patients had involvement in both eyes, for a total of 30 eyes involved with metastatic cancer. The most common site of the primary carcinoma was the breast. Most of the patients had inadequate vision, proptosis, pain, heaviness, and double vision. Retinal detachment was a common finding. All the patients received a palliative course of radiotherapy to the posterior chamber of the eye; between 2100--3000 rad in 7/10 fractions were given. Of the patients, 33% had complete recovery of symptoms, and 37% had only partial recovery; 30% showed no response to therapy. Survival period from the time of radiotherapy to death varied from one to 21 months, with a median of four months and a mean of 6.6 months. All patients responding to therapy showed marked improvement in their quality of life until death. PMID- 7226031 TI - Lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast: preliminary results of treatment by ipsilateral mastectomy and contralateral breast biopsy. AB - This report describes the follow-up of 108 women who underwent ipsilateral mastectomy for lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Twenty-four women found to have concurrent contralateral carcinoma underwent bilateral mastectomy. The contralateral breast was available for follow-up in the remaining 84 cases, including 33 patients who underwent contralateral biopsy and 51 others who did not have a biopsy of the opposite breast at the time of initial treatment. Five of these 84 patients later developed invasive cancer. Three had had a biopsy that revealed either atypia (two cases) or LCIS (one case). In the two other cases, there had not been a prior biopsy. Two of the 26 patients who had had a benign breast biopsy were found to have LCIS, but none subsequently had intraductal or invasive carcinoma, and none of the 26 women died of breast carcinoma. In this series, 64% of the women retained their contralateral breast; deaths due to contralateral breast carcinoma occurred with half the frequency that had been observed in a prior study of women with LCIS who did not have a contralateral biopsy. These results tend to support our current recommendation to treat LCIS by ipsilateral mastectomy and contralateral biopsy. However, it would be necessary to study these patients for approximately ten more years before results can be considered conclusive. Concurrently, prospective controlled investigations should be pursued to confirm these results, to identify patients most at risk in developing invasive carcinoma, and to determine whether nonsurgical therapy can modify the course of LCIS. PMID- 7226032 TI - A statistical evaluation of baseline and follow-up carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with resectable colorectal carcinoma. AB - A long-term CEA follow-up was evaluated statistically for a series of 74 patients with primary colorectal carcinoma who underwent resections for cure. Thirty-three recurrences and 29 deaths were reported among this population after a median follow-up interval of 55 months. Preoperative CEA levels correlated with the Dukes' classification. However, the preoperative level adds significant information to Dukes' classification in the prediction of recurrence. Postoperative CEA assays taken later in the clinical evaluation process carry the most prognostic information for subsequent recurrence. Using matched-pairs techniques, the authors noted that CEA often rose in anticipation of recurrence, sometimes as early as one year before recurrence. The following four follow-up CEA events were evaluated: 1) three consecutive rising CEA's 2) CEA rises 5.0 ng/ml; 3) CEA exceeds 5.0 ng/ml; 4) CEA exceeds 5.0 ng/ml two consecutive times. The follow-up CEA events examined were characterized by false positive rates ranging from 17% to 66% and true positive rates ranging from 43% to 56% in the prediction of recurrence. From follow-up CEA evaluations, further clinical investigation appeared most warranted when CEA exceeds 5.0 ng/ml at two consecutive follow-up evaluations, but the chances of finding any subsequent recurrent disease was near 50%. Among patients experiencing recurrences, although forewarned by CEA elevations, there was no subsequent time when patients were most likely to have recurrence of disease. PMID- 7226033 TI - Selective screening for colorectal tumors in the Tel-Aviv area: relevance of epidemiology and family history. AB - A selective screening program for the early detection of colorectal tumors was carried out in the Tel-Aviv area. The criteria for inclusion were based, in part, on relevant epidemiologic data which showed that European- and American-born immigrants were at the highest risk for developing this cancer, followed by Israel-born Jews. The Tel-Aviv area, because of its large elderly population of European origin, has a high incidence of colorectal cancer. Families of patients with colon cancer are known to have an increased risk for developing colon tumors. These relatives were actively searched for, and were, along with the control group, examined by Hemoccult testing and flexible sigmoidoscopy. The color tumor (cancer or adenomatous polyps) rate was 6.3% in the group with a family history of colon cancer, as contrasted to 3.8% in a smaller control group without this history. This increased yield, greater than usually found in an unselected population, emphasizes the economic value of selective screening utilizing relevant epidemiologic data and the family history. PMID- 7226034 TI - The effect of the Anatomic setting on the results of surgical procedures for soft parts sarcoma of the thigh. AB - The results of surgical treatment in 40 patients with a soft tissue sarcoma of the thigh were analyzed to determine the influence of the anatomic setting on the effectiveness of the procedure. The anatomic setting, based on functional anatomic compartments, was defined as either intra- or extracompartmental. The lesions were graded for aggressiveness as either high or low. The lesions were staged by biologic aggressiveness, anatomic setting, and metastases. The procedures, whether amputations or local resections, were classified by the relationship of the surgical margin to the pseudocapsule and reactive zone about the lesion as marginal, wide, or radical. Marginal procedures were done four times with two recurrences. Wide margins were achieved 12 times. When done for low grade lesions, there were no recurrences (0/2), but when done for high grade lesions, the recurrence rate was 30% (3/10). Radical margins were obtained 24 times. There was one recurrence after a radical procedure. Recurrence rates did not depend upon whether the procedure was a resection or amputation but upon the margin achieved. The anatomic setting of the lesion was intracompartmental in 13 cases and extracompartmental in 27. Not only were surgically adequate margins achieved more often for intracompartmental lesions (10/13) than for extracompartmental lesions (17/27), but there was a significant difference in the manner required to achieve an adequate margin. Although 9 of the 13 intracompartmental lesions were amenable to nonablative resection, only 3 of 27 extracompartmental lesions were resectable. The margin required for local control (wide vs. radical) was dictated by the biologic aggressiveness (grade) of the lesion. How the necessary margin was most satisfactorily achieved (resection vs. amputation) was determined by the anatomic setting (intra- vs. extracompartmental). PMID- 7226035 TI - Infections in children with malignant disease in Argentina. AB - During six-month period, 102 consecutive episodes of fever in 68 children (ranging from 1 month to 14 years of age) with malignant diseases were prospectively evaluated. Sixty-five had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, nine had acute myeloblastic leukemia, nine had malignant lymphoma (four Hodgkin and five non-Hodgkin), five had chronic myeloid leukemia, four had rhabdomyosarcoma, three had CNS tumors, two had neuroblastoma, one had Wilms, and four had other malignant tumors. Forty cases (39.2%) showed severe neutropenia (500 neutrophil/m3) during the episode. S. aureus, E. coli, and S. pyogenes were in 53% of the 75 microbiologic isolates. Twenty-two percent of the viral studies were positive. Mycologic studies were all negative, except one case with C. Albicans. Pneumonia (33 cases), cellulitis (15 cases), pharyngitis (12 cases), and varicella (11 cases) were the most common final diagnosis. Seventy-one percent of the episodes were etiologically documented (by bacterial isolate, characteristic serology, and/or typical clinic picture); 19% of the febrile episodes were probable infections, and 10% were fever of uncertain cause. Ninety percent of the cases responded well to therapy, and mortality of this series was 7%. Gentamicin, Carbenicillin, and Methicilin were the more common antibiotics employed. We conclude that in our population 1) infection is a frequent cause of morbidity in children with malignant diseases; 2) the most common cause of the febrile episodes is bacterial infection; 3) S. aureus, E. coli and S. pyrogenes are the most frequent bacterial isolates, and P. aeruginosa is infrequent; 4)viral infections are relatively frequent in this group of children; and 5) with adequate management, the mortality is low. PMID- 7226036 TI - The role of drinking and smoking in mortality from cancer and other causes in male alcoholics. AB - In a prospective study of a sample of male alcoholics, age standardized rates of death from cancer and other causes were compared with expectancies based on the mortality of the general male population of Ontario and that of U. S. veterans in the Dorn Study. A typical profile of mortality due to alcoholism was found with high excess mortality from cirrhosis, pneumonia, violent causes, lung cancer, and cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tracts. There was no evidence of the associations recently reported in the literature between alcohol use and other cancers such as those of the stomach, colon, and pancreas. Comparison with veterans whose smoking resembled that of the alcoholics revealed similar rates of death from lung cancer, considerable excess mortality among the alcoholics from cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tracts, and no difference in overall cancer mortality. Heavy alcohol use per se increases the risk of cancer at certain sites, but it may not increase the overall risk of neoplastic disease. PMID- 7226037 TI - Cancer incidence and mortality in Newark, N. J. 1970-1974: a national comparison. AB - New Jersey has acquired the invidious label "Cancer Alley U. S. A." based upon a national cancer mortality analysis. However, a cancer incidence survey conducted in Newark, the largest metropolitan industrial city in New Jersey, showed that age-adjusted Newark rates for all sites were comparable to the Third National Cancer Survey (TNCS) and Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) populations, except for black males who had statistically lower rates compared with the SEER population only. However, Newark did have statistically higher incidence of the following: (a) esophagus cancer among white men, black men, and black women; and (b) cervix, uterus, ovary, and bladder cancers among black women. Age-adjusted Newark cancer mortality for all sites was not statistically different from the SEER experience, except for an excessive cancer mortality among white men for stomach and esophagus; white women for stomach, colon-rectum, and uterus; black men for esophagus and colon-rectum; black women for colon rectum, cervix, uterus, and ovary. An analysis of Newark mortality/incidence ratios suggests that the excessive cancer burden for the majority of sites studied resulted from poor end results of therapy, probably due to either late diagnosis, poor compliance, and/or suboptimal therapy. The Newark data cast doubt on the validity of the use of mortality data only in referring pejoratively to New Jersey as "Cancer Alley U. S. A." PMID- 7226038 TI - Chemotherapy for postmastectomy lymphangiosarcoma. AB - Twenty-two patients with postmastectomy lymphangiosarcoma have been seen at M. D. Anderson Hospital during the past 20 years. Of these, 13 received chemotherapy, either regionally, systemically, or both. Six patients were treated with regional chemotherapy using either methotrexate alone, a combination of melphalan, nitrogen mustard, and actinomycin D, or a combination of melphalan with nitrogen mustard or actinomycin D; 3 achieved a partial or complete response. Eleven patients received 19 trials of systemic chemotherapy; one complete and seven partial responses were observed, giving an overall response rate of 42% (8/19). Responses occurred with 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, a combination of vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide, and a combination of Adriamycin and dacarbazine with or without vincristine. The median survival time of the six patients who responded to at least one chemotherapeutic trial was 26.5 months compared with four months for the five patients who failed to respond. These data indicate that chemotherapy may play a significant role in the treatment of patients with this rare but distinctive tumor. PMID- 7226039 TI - Solid tumor models for the assessment of different treatment modalities: XVI. Sequential combined modality (Cyclophosphamide-Radiation) therapy. AB - A tumor cure rate of 60% was realized when three series of combined radiation (1500 rads) and cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) doses were given sequentially to rats with hepatoma 3924A and the time between modalities held constant at 7 days. This sequence was previously shown to enhance tumor sensitivity and diminish host toxicity. The first series was given on days 0 and 7; second, days 14 and 21; and third, days 28 and 35. The cure rate was reduced to 10% when the time of the second series was increased from 14 to 32 days (first series, days 0 and 7; second, days 32 and 39; and third, days 63 and 70). No cures were obtained when the time of the second series of combined cyclophosphamide and radiation was further increased from 14 to 40 days; however, this treatment schedule resulted in at least a threefold increase in life span over controls of 30 +/- 1 days. Two and three single 1500 rad doses of radiation given 14 to 40 days apart produced skin changes within accepted limits of normal tissue tolerance. No major long term hematological changes in peripheral blood and bone marrow have been demonstrated to date following two and three courses of cyclophosphamide given 14 to 40 days apart. Experimental results indicate that the frequency and dosage of cyclophosphamide and radiation used are within clinically acceptable doses and scheduling. PMID- 7226040 TI - Effectiveness of once weekly total skin electron beam therapy in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. AB - During the past eight years, 137 patients with mycosis fungoides were given total skin electron beam therapy (TSEB) using 2.5 to 4 MeV electrons. A single treatment delivers 400 rads to the entire skin surface, and patients are treated once a week for six to eight consecutive weeks. All have been followed for a median of 18 months (range 6-103 months). Although approximately 80 to 90% of the total population were in the advanced stages of the disease and had been previously treated elsewhere, cutaneous lesions and associated symptoms were effectively controlled. The remission lasted 6 to 103 months (median 19 months) after beginning the therapy for 109 mycosis fungoides patients, who were at risk for 12-103 months (median 24 months). Erythroderma and circulating Sezary cells adversely affected the duration of remission and indicate extracutaneous dissemination. Lymphocyte responsiveness to various mitogens and antigens correlated well with duration of the remission that was obtained from a course of TSEB. PMID- 7226041 TI - Nitrite-induced volatile mutagens from normal human feces. AB - Volatile mutagens (putative carcinogens) were produced from normal human and animal feces upon incubation with sodium nitrite in saline at 37 C for 48 hours. The mutagens were detected by using Ames' Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA1535 without microsomes, on plates inverted over samples in sealed containers. Mutagenicity was maximal at 0.2 to 0.6 M NaNO2 and at pH 6.2 to 6.8. Reversions per plate varied from approximately 30 to 450 (1.5 to 25 x background) within the normal human population. Sodium ascorbate and alpha-Tocopherol (at one-half [NaNO2]) each reduced the mutagenicity by approximately 30%. Two standard N nitroso-compounds were mutagenic in the system. We propose that the mutagenicity in our system is probably caused by the formation of volatile N-nitroso-compounds and that addition of nitrite to human feces in vitro enhances a process that occurs in vivo. PMID- 7226042 TI - Acid phosphatase activity in the cytosol fraction of the breast cancer tissue. AB - Acid phosphatase activity was studied in the cytosol fraction of breast cancer tissue. Serum, plasma, and extracts of leukocyte and platelet were used for reference. The breast cancer tissue fraction had an electrophoretic mobility intermediate to leukocyte-derived bands 2 and 4 and corresponding to the platelet derived band 3. The enzymes derived from platelet and breast cancer tissue were both inhibited by L-tartrate and showed a similar pattern for preferred substrates. By contrast, the breast cancer tissue-derived enzyme was different from the enzyme fraction responsible for the elevated serum enzyme activity in some patients with disseminated breast cancer. The two fractions could be distinguished by electrophoretic mobility and tartrate sensitivity. These findings substantiate our previous report, which suggested that the fraction responsible for elevated serum enzyme activity in the course of breast cancer is not derived from cancer tissue. It is proposed that the osteolysis, resulting from bone metastases, may be responsible for elevated serum enzyme activity in this disease. PMID- 7226043 TI - Hemangiopericytoma: a light microscopic and ultrastructural study. AB - An ultrastructural study of three cases of hemangiopericytoma showed cells partially or completely enveloped by well-formed basement membrane and basement membrane-like material. The cells exhibited prominent cytoplasmic filaments, some showing dense body formation, interdigitating cytoplasmic processes, and pinocytotic vesicles. A review of the literature revealed only 19 other cases of hemangiopericytoma studied by electron microscopy, and these included seven cases of meningeal origin ("angioblastic meningioma"). The most consistent feature seen in all but two cases was the presence of a basal lamina or basal lamina-like material either partially or completely surrounding tumor cells and separating endothelial cells from pericytes. The light microscopic diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma is difficult, and there is a tendency to append the diagnosis to a variety of other tumors with a prominent vascular pattern in which other specific diagnoses are not immediately evident. The presence, ultrastructurally, of well-developed basement membrane, myogenic type filaments, and pinocytotic vesicles in a tumor with light microscopic features suggestive of hemangiopericytoma would consolidate the diagnosis and usually eliminate diagnostic uncertainty. PMID- 7226044 TI - Prognostic significance of histologic host response in cancer of the large bowel. AB - Histologic material from 156 patients treated with surgery for cancer of the large bowel was studied with regard to tumor host interaction and with particular emphasis on the reactions of the regional lymph nodes. Prognostic evaluation of the tumor included the extent of the primary lesion according to Dukes' classification and the grade of differentiation of the carcinoma. Morphologic evidence of host resistance was judged by the presence and degree of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the tumor and the reactions of the regional lymph nodes, which were classified in four histologic patterns: lymphocyte predominance, germinal center predominance, lymphocyte depletion, and unstimulated. Of the factors evaluated, those that appeared to correlate best with five-year survival were the stage of the disease, the grade of differentiation of the carcinoma, the degree of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the tumor, the lymphocyte predominance pattern, and, to a lesser degree, the germinal center predominance pattern. None of the other morphologic features related to lymph nodes showed favorable prognostic significance. The relationship of morphology to host immune mechanisms is discussed. PMID- 7226045 TI - Kinetic parameters and the course of the disease in breast cancer. AB - The correlation between the labeling index (LI) of the primary mammary tumor and the course of the disease after initial treatment was studied prospectively on 128 patients. The surgical specimens of breast tumors were incubated in vitro with tritiated thymidine and autoradiographies were performed. Patients were treated by a simple mastectomy and axillary lymph nodes dissection; patients in whom one or more lymph nodes were found to be involved received postoperative radiotherapy. None of the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. As the LIs were not known at the time of treatment, their values did not influence the choice of therapy. The follow-up period is greater than six years for all patients. The higher the LI, the shorter were the time intervals from initial treatment to first relapse or from first relapse to death. Moreover, significant correlations were found between the LI and the relapse-free survival and the survival rates. The proportion of relapses was particularly small in the group with the low LI. The shape of the curve suggests that the outcome in this group will be better than that in the group with a high or a median LI. The LI kept its prognostic value after multiple adjustments for other prognostic factors such as the staging, the size of the tumor, the number of metastasis bearing axillary lymph nodes, the presence of an inflammatory reaction, and hormonal status. The LI is significantly correlated with the histologic grading and in particular with its mitotic components. Thus, proliferative activity assessed by LI or the mitotic index appears to provide significant independent prognostic information. PMID- 7226046 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: report of a case with penile lesions. AB - A case of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia of the penis is reported. In addition to the proliferation of swollen endothelial cells with features of histiocytes ("histiocytoid endothelial cells"), the lesions also showed a remarkable proliferation of pericytes both in relation to formed vascular channels and away from them. The authors consider that the inflammatory component is associated with even the earliest stages in the development of the lesions and that it not be dismissed as secondary. PMID- 7226047 TI - Malignant melanoma patients with positive nodes and relatively good prognoses: microstaging retains prognostic significance in clinical stage I melanoma patients with metastases to regional nodes. AB - Fifteen variables were tested for their value in predicting recurrent disease in 46 clinical Stage I melanoma patients with metastases to regional nodes. A stepwise proportional hazards general linear model (Cox multivariate analysis) separated these melanoma patients with regional node metastases into at least two risk groups. Twenty patients in the relatively low-risk group had a five-year disease-free survival of 80% (in spite of having nodal metastases). This compares to a five-year disease-free survival of 17.5% for 26 patients in the high-risk group (P less than 0.001, Lee-Desu Statistic). Criteria for the high-risk group required that a patient have only one of the following two values: (1) The number of regional lymph nodes that contained tumor divided by the total number of nodes removed x 100% (percentage of positive nodes) greater than or equal to 20%; or (2) a primary tumor thickness of greater than 3.5 mm (regardless of node percentage). Conversely, patients in the low-risk group had neither of the above features. The high-risk group could further be stratified by the lymphocytic response at the base of the tumor. These findings have direct immediate application to the elective regional node dissection controversy and to adjuvant therapy studies containing these patients. PMID- 7226048 TI - Clinical effectiveness of transfusion of granulocytes obtained by filtration or intermittent flow centrifugation. AB - Clinical effectiveness of granulocyte transfusions collected by filtration or by intermittent flow centrifugation was compared in this study. In 251 patients receiving at least four daily transfusions of these products, there was no difference in response rate (67% in each group) as determined by defervescence. The most important factor in the recovery of patients appeared to be the underlying disease causing the agranulocytosis. Patients whose marrows were temporarily suppressed by chemotherapy showed the highest recovery rates (82% lymphoma and carcinoma), whereas those with intrinsic disease in the marrow showed the lowest recovery rates (47% aplastic anemia, 63% acute leukemia). PMID- 7226049 TI - Breast cancer prognosis and the sex of the patient's children. AB - To verify a report that the prognosis of breast cancer was better in women whose first child was male, we analyzed the survival of 233 consecutive breast cancer patients diagnosed in 1969 and 1970 in terms of the sex of the first and last children, and of the number and proportion of males among the first four live births. No association between survival and any index of the sex of children was found. Similar negative findings for both survival and time to first recurrence were found in an independent series of 113 patients. PMID- 7226050 TI - The value of breast self-examination. AB - In this study of 2092 women with cancer of the breast, those who had practiced breast self-examination (BSE) had earlier cancer than did those who had not practiced BSE. This was true for both black and white races, all educational and economic levels, each age group, and within each period of delay between first symptom and medical consultation. The practice of BSE increased as the educational level rose and diminished as age advanced. A higher percentage of whites than blacks used the procedure. Breast self-examination is safe and without cost to the women who practice it. It has the potential for helping more women to find their breast cancer early than any other method now available and feasible for widespread use. PMID- 7226051 TI - Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder: a review of a 16-year experience at the Waterbury Hospital Health Center. AB - The charts of 48 cases of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder seen at the Waterbury Hospital Health Center over the past 16 years were reviewed. In 47 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed pathologically. In one patient, the diagnosis was made only on clinical and radiologic grounds. This condition is more common in females and in the elderly (mean 71.7 years). Symptoms and signs were nonspecific, and duration of symptoms was extremely variable (range: one day to 21 years). There were 16.6% patients who had an associated primary tumor elsewhere. In 89.3% of the carcinomas of the gallbladder, the histologic type was adenocarcinoma. Two thirds of the patients had associated cholelithiasis. Overall five-year survival rate was 12.5%. In more than 80% of the patients, resection was made impossible by local invasion of liver, biliary ducts, and adjacent structures. Patients were divided into three groups according to the degree of invasion of the tumor. Group A had a survival rate of 66.6% at five years. There were no survivors in Group B and Group C. The different factors in each group are compared and discussed. Chemotherapy appeared to have no beneficial effect in the management of carcinoma of the gallbladder. Only one patient survived more than 12 months when tumor invaded the liver or the nodes along the biliary ducts. The postoperative complications and causes of death are also discussed. PMID- 7226052 TI - Malignant Leydig cell tumor: objective tumor response to o,p'-DDD. AB - Leydig cell carcinoma of the testicle is a rare tumor with 16 well-documented cases in the medical literature. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy have not been successful in treating patients with metastatic disease. The patient described in this report had widely metastatic Leydig cell carcinoma associated with hypertension, hypokalemic alkalosis, and an elevated serum concentration of desoxycorticosterone. He experienced an objective clinical remission and disappearance of pulmonary metastases while receiving o,p'-DDD as the sole chemotherapeutic agent. This response was similar to that found in patients with adrenal cortical carcinoma. The regression of this tumor with an adrenolytic agent, in conjunction with the similar morphologic and biochemical features of these two types of tumors, provides additional evidence of the close similarity between Leydig cell carcinoma and adrenal cortical carcinoma. PMID- 7226053 TI - Leg function after radiotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma. AB - Twenty-nine patients with Ewing's sarcoma of the lower extremity who survived for two or more years following therapy (5000 rad locally and systemic chemotherapy) were studied to assess functional status of the affected leg. Twenty-two of twenty-nine were alive and were reexamined; the deceased patients were evaluated by record review. Twenty-two of the twenty-nine had serial radiographs, which were reviewed to assess growth change induced by radiation. The living patients were divided on the basis of clinical examination into four functional groups with Group I comprising patients with minor functional limitations and leg length discrepancy 1.5 cm or less. Group II patients had moderate functional limitations with 2.5-cm leg-length discrepancy or less. Group III patients had severe functional limitations with up to 4-cm leg length discrepancy. Group IV patients had severe complications, sufficient enough to warrant amputation. Thirteen of twenty-two patients were classified as functional Group I, five as Group II, three as Group III, and one as Group IV. Radiographic changes in growing bone did not correlate with functional results. Although a femoral fracture and an age less than 16 years at diagnosis were found to be less favorable prognostic factors for the functional treatment result, these results show that neither femoral location nor young age justify primary amputation for Ewing's sarcoma of the lower leg extremity. PMID- 7226054 TI - Thymidylate synthetase activity and fluorouracil sensitivity of human colonic cancer and normal mucosal tissue preparations. AB - This study compares thymidylate synthetase activity and certain aspects of fluorinated pyrimidine metabolism in tissue preparations derived from human colonic adenocarcinoma and from normal colonic mucosa. The purpose was to define differences that might be sufficient to explain the selective antitumor response of some colonic adenocarcinomas to 5-fluorouracil (FU) chemotherapy. Some carcinomas had much greater thymidylate synthetase activity than did other carcinomas and all normal mucosal preparations. Such carcinomas may be highly reliant on thymidylate synthetase and hence susceptible to its inhibition. Similarly, the smaller amount of FdUMP dephosphorylation found in all carcinomas compared with autologous normal mucosal preparations might result in prolonged thymidylate synthetase inhibition. In addition, greater thymidylate synthetase inhibition was produced by 1 X 10(-4) M FU in an occasional tumor than was found in normal mucosal preparations. PMID- 7226056 TI - Exfoliative cytology in laryngology: comparison of cytologic and histologic diagnoses in 350 microlaryngoscopic examinations--a prospective study. AB - In a prospective study comprising 350 microlaryngoscopic examinations, the reliability of exfoliative cytologic diagnosis was evaluated in comparison with the histologic findings. In 157 of 190 lesions with histologically moderate and severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma, the cytologic smears were positive. The sensitivity of the exfoliative cytologic method in the detection of "malignant" lesions was thus 83%. False-negative smears were more common after radiotherapy and in the group with moderate dysplasia. In 134 of 160 histologically benign lesions, the cytologic evaluation was negative. The specificity of the smear test was thus 84%. In at least one case the cytologic examination disclosed true malignancy that had been overlooked at biopsy. PMID- 7226055 TI - Inflammatory oncotaxis after testing the skin of the cancer patient. AB - A case is presented in which a patient with Dukes C adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon subsequently developed a soft tissue metastasis at the site of a marked delayed type hypersensitivity response to the commonly used skin test antigen Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). A possible cause and the implications of this rare occurrence are discussed. It is concluded that the inflammatory response to DNCB and the subsequent metastasis in this patient were causally related. Physicians who utilize skin testing in cancer patients should be aware of the possibility of "inflammatory oncotaxis" with the development of metastatic lesions in unusual places. PMID- 7226057 TI - Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: a clinicopathologic study with review of the literature. AB - The pathologic and clinical aspects of 21 cases of pure, clear cell carcinoma of the ovary are discussed. The literature is reviewed with particular reference to histogenesis and to the problems related to defining this tumor as a separate clinicopathologic entity. It is suggested that clear cell carcinoma represents a histologic variant of endometrioid carcinoma rather than constituting a separate entity. PMID- 7226058 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the sweat gland of the vulva: light and electron microscopic study. AB - A sweat gland carcinoma, a rare tumor of the skin which arose in the posterior fourchette in a 53-year-old white woman, was studied by light and electron microscopy. The tumor formed cords or small acini infiltrating into the stroma with foci of Pagetoid appearance. The cells showed poor intercellular cohesions. PAS and mucin strains were negative. Ultrastructurally the tumor cells in the periphery of the acini were firmly attached to the collagenous matrix with a few pseudopodia. A basal lamina was seen in some areas. The cytoplasm was filled with many ribosomes and moderately developed mitochondria. The bundles of microfilaments in the perinuclear zone were characteristic findings in this tumor. The ultrastructure of this tumor confirmed that this was carcinoma of the sweat gland, which closely resembled intraductal carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7226059 TI - Plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma: a diagnostic problem in dentigerous cysts. AB - A plexiform pattern of epithelial proliferation, which does not exhibit the histologic criteria for ameloblastoma published by Vickers and Gorlin, occurs in dentigerous cysts. Some pathologists have diagnosed it as ameloblastoma yet others have considered it to be epithelial hyperplasia. Sections of 19 cases and the limited clinical information available were studied. Histologically characteristic ameloblastoma was found associated with this pattern in nine cases and one case, exhibiting only this pattern, recurred. It is concluded that the pattern in question is in fact ameloblastoma and that Vickers and Gorlin's criteria, although valuable, are too rigid for the diagnosis of this plexiform pattern of ameloblastoma in dentigerous cysts. There is need for further study on the natural behavior of these tumors. However, enucleation with good follow-up examination is probably sufficient for tumors that have proliferated into the cystic lumen, but more extensive surgery is indicated for those involving the periphery of the fibrous connective tissue wall of the cyst. This pattern occurs primarily during the second and third decades of life, generally in the mandible. The term "plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma" is proposed for this lesion to distinguish it from classical plexiform ameloblastoma. PMID- 7226060 TI - Occult medullary carcinoma of thyroid: an unusual clinical and pathologic presentation. AB - High calcitonin levels noted on a totally healthy 49-year-old man participating in a calcitonin control project led to a presumptive diagnosis of medullary carcinoma. Complete thyroid studies augmented by selective catheterization and quantitative calcitonin studies confirmed the clinical impression of medullary carcinoma. Surgery was recommended and a total thyroidectomy was performed. On gross examination no nodules or tumefactions were palpable. Histopathology showed diffuse C-cell hyperplasia in the midst of which a C-cell tumor and micromedullary carcinoma of the thyroid were found. Morphologically the full spectrum of changes from focal C-cell hyperplasia through the stages of diffuse and nodular hyperplasia to the final development of medullary carcinoma are demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. The patient's postoperative course was benign and for the subsequent three years he had continued asymptomatic with normal calcitonin levels. PMID- 7226061 TI - Prognostic value of prechemotherapy skin tests in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma. AB - Two hundred patients with metastatic breast cancer who were treated with combination chemotherapy and nonspecific immunotherapy with BCG or MER were skin tested prior to, and at regular intervals during the administration of chemotherapy with a battery of six antigens (Dermatophytin, Varidase, candida, mumps, PPD, and KLH). Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to this battery of antigens were analyzed to assess whether they correlated with ability to respond to chemotherapy, length of survival, and a number of other host and tumor characteristics of known prognostic significance. Responsiveness to individual recall antigens or the number of positive skin test responses did not correlate with overall or complete response rates. The correlation did exist with KLH, a primary antigen. A positive response to two or more antigens correlated with a longer survival. Inability to mount a skin test response to any antigen correlated with poor survival. PPD conversions during serial BCG administration did not correlate with a better prognosis. Serial skin testing with a battery of antigens did not correlate with prognosis. Skin test responsiveness to the antigens used in this study did not correlate with the other pretreatment factors of prognostic importance such as tumor burden, absolute lymphocyte count, performance status, prior radiation therapy, menopausal status, and age. Therefore, responsiveness to skin testing with these antigens appears to be an independent prognostic variable and should be incorporated in the planning and analysis of systemic treatment programs in metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 7226062 TI - Villous tumors of the duodenum: a clinicopathologic study. AB - Eight villous tumors of the duodenum were found and studied in a review of surgical and autopsy material collected over 30 years. Although the number of cases is small, it is nevertheless one of the largest single series on this lesion that has been reported. The purposes of the study were (1) to describe the histopathology of the lesions and (2) to test the diagnostic criteria of malignancy previously proposed in the literature. Of the large number of criteria studied, none, alone or in combination, proved reliable indicators of malignancy; even in this small series exceptions could be found. Of all the criteria tested, however, secondary gland formation was found to be the most reliable. The value of endoscopic biopsies in establishing the preoperative diagnosis of malignancy in this lesion seems to be analogous to that in similar colonic lesions. Prognostic and therapeutic criteria are discussed. In addition, the pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 7226063 TI - Tracheal paraganglioma: a case report with review of the literature. AB - Only three cases of tracheal paraganglioma have been reported in the literature. This paper describes an additional case, which showed pharmacological and ultrastructural evidence of hormone secretion. It is suggested that this tumor is derived from true paraganglia located in the trachea and not from misplaced or aberrant paraganglionic tissue. Hemoptysis was the only presenting symptom in two of the four reported cases and significant bleeding occurred during biopsy in the other two cases. The long-term prognosis appears good if complete resection is possible. PMID- 7226064 TI - Effect of tamoxifen treatment on cortisol metabolism and the course of the disease in advanced breast cancer. AB - Twenty-nine postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were treated with Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen. The effect of the drug on the plasma concentration, production rate, and metabolism of cortisol was measured, and the relationship of the changes in these parameters to the course of the disease was investigated. After six weeks of Tamoxifen treatment the plasma cortisol concentration and the cortisol-binding globulin concentration increased by 26 and 64%, respectively, but the production rate of cortisol and the urinary excretion of its tetrahydro metabolites THF, ATHF, and THE decreased by 35 and 13%, respectively; all of these changes were statistically significant. When the group consisting of complete or partial responders was compared with one consisting of patients whose disease remained stable or worsened, no significant difference was detected between these two groups in the change in any of the above parameters. It was concluded that any improvement due to Tamoxifen was not related to changes in cortisol metabolism. PMID- 7226065 TI - Malignant carotid body tumors: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Paragangliomas may arise in any area of the body where nonchromaffin paraganglia are situated. These include the glomus jugulare, the carotid body, and the retroperitoneum. Malignant behavior of these paragangliomas has been a controversial subject with most authors, who consider them to be benign tumors. Some authors have diagnosed locally recurrent and infiltrative tumors as malignant, whereas most require the demonstration of metastatic potential as the only criterion for malignancy. Two cases of metastasizing carotid body tumors are reported with a review of the literature on this unusual neoplasm. PMID- 7226066 TI - Tumor growth and regression rates relative to tumor size: a clinical study of metastatic pulmonary nodules. AB - Patients with multiple discrete metastatic pulmonary nodules were serially monitored and tumor growth and regression rates were determined for selected measurable lesions. Tumor volume doubling time (TDT) in growing tumors or tumor volume halving time (THT) in regressing tumors was measured for multiple lesions. The objective of the study was to correlate tumor growth and/or regression rates with initial tumor size. A total of eight patients with 29 nodules of varying sizes was studied over observation periods the nodules regressed in response to specific chemotherapy. This study suggests that metastatic pulmonary nodules grow or regress at a relatively constant rate that is independent of pretreatment size. Growth and regression rates do not generally fluctuate, although tumor nodules may remain stationary or arrested for variable time periods. The study of tumor kinetics by clinical techniques is relevant to understanding tumor biology and to developing approaches to therapy. PMID- 7226067 TI - Ten-year survival after synchronous resection of liver metastasis from intestinal leiomyosarcoma. AB - This paper reports on a case of intestinal leiomyosarcoma with metastases to the liver, peritoneum, and omentum, which has been successfully treated with four operations. The initial operation was performed for a primary intestinal leiomyosarcoma and intraperitoneal seeding. Three months later "shelling out" of a liver metastasis was carried out. The patient has subsequently been operated upon twice for abdominal recurrence at six years and nine months, and nine years and six months, respectively. The patient is free from symptoms and is working now, ten years after resection of metastasic leiomyosarcoma of the liver. A review of the literatures has revealed that our patient is the first ten-year survivor after resection of hepatic metastasis of leiomyosarcoma. An aggressive surgery is acceptable in selected patients who have spreading leiomyosarcoma of the bowel. PMID- 7226068 TI - The relationship of survival to staging and grading of colorectal carcinoma: a prospective study of 503 cases. AB - A clinicopathologic staging method for colorectal carcinoma was applied prospectively to 503 patients treated by surgical resection over a period of 7 1/2 years. The method grouped separately those patients known to be incurable at the time of resection and allowed for an anatomically precise definition of the extent of tumor spread. Survival studies showed that prognosis did not significantly deteriorate with spread of tumor beyond the bowel wall unless there were demonstrable metastases, infiltration of a free serosal surface, or if local resection was incomplete. Highly significant decrements in survival occurred when lymph node metastases were demonstrable and when unresected tumor was known to be present. The staging system from which these observations were made formed an improved guide to prognosis when compared with the original Dukes' method. Patients with histologically high-grade tumors had a poorer survival rate than those with low or average tumors with the same extent of spread. PMID- 7226069 TI - Cancer of the skin in blacks: a review of 128 patients with basal-cell carcinoma. AB - Basal cell carcinoma in black persons is generally believed to be rare, with cases only sporadically reported. Information about 148 basal cell carcinomas found in 128 black patients who were seen at Charity Hospital of Louisiana, New Orleans, between 1948 and 1979, was reviewed. As in whites, most of the tumors occurred on the sun-exposed areas of the head and neck. PMID- 7226070 TI - Breast secretion in Finnish women: a metabolic epidemiologic study. AB - Breast fluid was collected from 244 nonlactating Finnish women with no known breast disease and analyzed with respect to various epidemiologic and hormonal parameters commonly associated with breast cancer risk. The data obtained permit characterization of women with breast secretory ability and provide fundamental information on the hormone composition of breast fluid in a nondiseased population. No association was found between any epidemiologic variables (e.g., age, marital status, the number of pregnancies, the age of first pregnancy) and the ability to secrete a measurable amount of breast fluid. In addition, there appeared to be no correlation between prolactin and estrogen levels in serum and those in breast fluid within individual subjects. However, the median breast fluid prolactin level was approximately two-fold greater and the median breast fluid estrogen level was about six-fold greater than the corresponding serum values. It appears that breast ductal epithelial cells can actively transport both steroid and polypeptide hormones across a concentration barrier. Further metabolic epidemiologic investigations of hormones and potential carcinogens in the breast fluid from populations with high and low risks for breast cancer are suggested. PMID- 7226071 TI - Pneumothorax during combination chemotherapy. AB - Two patients with pulmonary metastases from synovial sarcoma and germ-cell tumor developed first bilateral, then repeated unilateral pneumothoraces during combination chemotherapy. It is suggested that chemotherapy may occasionally cause pneumothorax. PMID- 7226072 TI - Treatment of invasive or metastatic thymoma: report of eleven cases. AB - The clinical presentation and therapeutic modalities of 11 patients with invasive or metastatic thymoma are presented. Two patients had myasthenia gravis, and five had extrathoracic metastases. Survival exceeded five years in five patients, and four patients remain free of recurrence between 2.1 and 9.0 years after diagnosis. Surgery, with an attempt at complete resection, is the first step of therapy. A second thoracotomy for local relapse or attempt at curative resection was carried out in four patients. Radiotherapy to the mediastinum and/or metastatic sites was given to ten patients with doses ranging from 3600-6000 rads (median = 4500 rads) in the nine nonmyasthenic patients. Inclusion of supraclavicular fossae in the radiotherapy field is recommended because it was a site of relapse in two patients. Systemic therapies were given to eight patients. Objective responses were seen with two of various chemotherapeutic regimens. A combination of bleomycin, Adriamycin, cisplatin, and prednisone ("BAPP") produced a partial remission in two of five patients, during 12 and 4 months, respectively. Two of three patients responded to maytansine as a single agent after failure of other agents. Immunotherapy with intravenous Corynebacterium parvum or intradermal Methanol-Extraction Residue of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER-BCG) was ineffective in one patient each. The importance of combined modalities in the management of the disease is emphasized. PMID- 7226073 TI - Radiation detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. AB - The value of mammography in the symptomatic patient has been adequately documented, but its use as a detection procedure remains a question. Risk-benefit ratios, based primarily upon the study carried out by the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York, have suggested that the technique has little value in individuals under age 50. Emphasis has been placed upon the possible carcinogenic effects of radiation as compared with the efficacy of mammography and the questionable influence of early diagnosis upon end results. Although technical advances have substantially reduced the exposure of the patient to radiation, the possibility of significant information loss as the result of these developments has been considered a potential drawback to their routine use. All of these factors have served to diminish both public and professional acceptance of the examination. Although current data do not allow complete resolution of these problems, certain conclusions may be drawn and trends established. The sum of these may indicate that minimal dose mammography is an accurate, low-risk procedure, capable of significantly altering the natural history of breast cancer. Whether or not the examination should be routinely used in women under age 50 remains open to question since the lack of experimental controls prohibits validation of the technique in terms of reduced mortality rates. Documentation of increased survival rates may partially assist in the established of a reliable risk-benefit ratio, but will not satisfy the statistical requirements of eliminating lead-bias, and self-selection. These questions may be resolved by studies now underway. PMID- 7226074 TI - Guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver. AB - Forty patients with suspected malignant disease of the liver underwent percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy with radioisotope scintigraphic and fluoroscopic guidance. The needle was aimed at focal defects identified on the liver scan and several passes were made. When the scan was diffusely abnormal, the liver was widely sampled with multiple passes. Thirty patients were eventually considered to have malignant disease and aspiration biopsy was positive in 28 (93%) of these patients, including 25 of 26 with liver metastases (96%). There were two false-positive results and one minor complication. In 24 patients, conventional wide-bore needle biopsy was also performed. In this group, 16 patients had a final diagnosis of hepatic malignancy. Aspiration biopsies were positive in 14 of these (87%) and conventional needle biopsies were positive in four (25%). Guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy is recommended for pathologic diagnosis of hepatic malignancy because of its simplicity, high yield, and reasonable safety. PMID- 7226075 TI - Acinic cell carcinoma arising in nasal cavity: report of a case with ultrastructural observations. AB - An acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) arising in the nasal cavity, a rare entity, is presented. The tumor involved the left lower turbinate and showed the classic features of ACC on light microscopic examination. On ultrastructural examination, tumor cells contained numerous secretory granules, diagnostic of ACC. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the secretory granules as well as numerous apical microvilli where tumor cells surrounded lumens. As far as the authors are aware, the scanning electron microscopic findings in ACC have not been previously reported. PMID- 7226076 TI - Estradiol receptors in subpopulations of breast cancer cells isolated from human primary tumors. AB - Cancer cells isolated from biopsy specimens from seven women with primary breast cancer were analyzed for estradiol receptors. The cells were separated into subpopulations using the techniques of velocity centrifugation, buoyant density centrifugation, and density gradient electrophoresis. It was found that only large breast cancer cells (with diameters between 10.1-18.5 micrometers) concentrate tritiated estradiol. The total population of cancer cells has diameters between 5.6-18.5 micrometers, and the proportion of large cancer cells from different tumors varies from 8-59% of the total population. It is suggested that clinical regression following endocrine ablation is related to the proportion of large cancer cells and to the concentration of estradiol receptors in these cells. PMID- 7226077 TI - Neoplastic Paneth cells in adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: a first case report. AB - A case of a highly differentiated, primary, nonurachal adenocarcinoma of intestinal type, originating from the urinary bladder mucosa, is reported. The tumor contained Paneth cells as an integrated part, and their identity on the light microscopic level was confirmed by histochemical stains including immunohistochemical stain for muramidase. A gradual change from Paneth cell types to mucous cells was seen. Argentaffin cells and goblet cells appeared in some parts of the tumor but no detectable transitional forms were found. Only a few carcinomas containing malignant Paneth cells have been recorded, and this case is believed to be the first observed in an extraintestinal site. PMID- 7226078 TI - Serum copper and zinc levels in melanoma patients. AB - Serum copper levels (SCL) and serum zinc levels (SZL) were evaluated in malignant melanoma patients at various clinical stages. Copper levels were generally found to be elevated, reflecting the degree and extent of tumor activity. Zinc levels and, hence, SCL:SZL ratios did not reflect tumor activity. SCL appeared to prognosticate disease progression in that all patients whose values never declined below 150 micrograms/100 ml died during the course of the study. However, not all patients who died from tumor metastases displayed persistent elevations of SCL. Patients receiving BCG immunotherapy appeared to have higher SCL than untreated patients. PMID- 7226079 TI - Serum zinc levels in lung cancer patients. AB - Serum zinc concentrations were determined in 26 extensive squamous cell lung cancer patients and were tested for correlations with survival, response to therapy, nutritional status indices, and various host defense characteristics. Subnormal serum zinc levels were found in 24 of the 26 patients. The mean serum zinc concentration was 43.2/micrograms 100 ml +/- 3.6 S.E.M. (normal = 80-100 micrograms/100 ml). A significant (P = 0.007) survival advantage was demonstrated for those patients with pretreatment zinc concentrations greater than 45 micrograms%, but serum zinc levels did not correlate with response to chemotherapy (also significantly affecting survival). Decreased serum zinc concentrations were significantly associated with decreased neutrophil migration measured by the skin window technique and with decreased triceps skin fold thickness but not with any of the other host defense and nutritional induces measured. These data suggest that further studies are indicated to examine the role of serum zinc concentration as a possible sensitive prognostic characteristic and to determine if zinc administration may be of therapeutic benefit in cancer patients. PMID- 7226080 TI - Hodgkin's disease at autopsy: 1972-1977. AB - The autopsies of 80 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) were reviewed. Nearly one-third of the patients died without evidence of HD at autopsy. Four patients died with clinically unsuspected HD. Infection was the most common cause of death but a significant number of patients died of complications of therapy, both benign and malignant, including five patients with hematologic or de novo lymphoid malignancies. There was wide histologic variation of HD at autopsy and many cases had a pleomorphic appearance with few of the typical features of Hodgkin's disease. Fibrous nodules interpreted as sites of eradicated HD were found in many organs, most commonly lymphoreticular. Nonfatal histopathologic effects of therapy were common and specifically assessed thyroid and gonads. PMID- 7226081 TI - Therapy-related preleukemic syndrome. AB - Eight patients developed the preleukemic syndrome after having been exposed to cytotoxic drugs for other primary diseases. All eight subsequently developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Survival following the onset of the preleukemic syndrome ranged from 5-34 months with a median of 11 months. Once overt leukemia developed median survival was three months. No patient responded to conventional antileukemic therapy. A higher incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was noted in bone marrow cells of this group (five of six) when compared with a larger group of preleukemic patients not known to have been exposed to mutagens (four of 21). In addition, two patients had second chromosome studies after overt leukemia developed and there was no evidence of cytogenetic clonal evolution. The clinical course and cytogenetic data in these patients attest to the relevance of our criteria in identifying the preleukemic syndrome and suggest that the leukemic clone was fully established during the preleukemic phase. Thus, patients previously exposed to cytotoxic therapy who develop the preleukemic syndrome may be viewed as having early leukemia. PMID- 7226082 TI - Malignant carcinoid tumor metastatic to a meningioma. AB - Postmortem examination in a patient with a widely disseminated pulmonary carcinoid tumor revealed invasion of a fibroblastic meningioma by metastatic tumor cells. To the authors' knowledge, this case represents the first example of a malignant carcinoid tumor that has metastasized to a primary intracranial neoplasm. The literature concerning metastasis of extracranial to primary intracranial tumors is briefly reviewed. PMID- 7226083 TI - Adenocarcinoma arising in an intrathoracic duplication cyst of foregut origin: a case report with review of the literature. AB - A 41-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic superior mediastinal mass. At thoracotomy, a duplication cyst of the foregut was found. Microscopic examination of the cyst revealed mucosal alterations ranging from dysplasia and in situ carcinoma to infiltrating colonic carcinoma. Although malignant change has been reported in intra-abdominal foregut cysts, this is the first reported instance of carcinoma arising in a mediastinal duplication cyst. PMID- 7226084 TI - Radical retropubic prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for high-stage cancer of the prostate. AB - A series of 340 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated by bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy was reviewed to determine the factors that influence survival and time to progression of disease. Follow-up ranged from 1-12 1/2 years. Factors evaluated were grade, stage, and bulk of tumor; influence of seminal vesical involvement and number of pelvic nodes involved; age of patient; and year of surgery. Tumor grade was the only factor related significantly to patient survival. However, grade, stage, and bulk of tumor were all significantly associated with interval between surgery and disease progression. Furthermore, in Stage C disease, seminal vesical involvement (C+) was an adverse factor for disease progression, particularly among patients with low-grade tumor. This is in contrast to the finding that, among patients with Stage D1 disease, those with seminal vesical involvement experienced more favorable survival times and times to progression of disease when compared with patients without seminal vesical involvement. Overall, patient survival compared favorably with an age-matched control group for all stages, A through D1. Patients with few pelvic nodes involved had a survival experience nearly comparable with that of an age-matched control group. This suggests that pelvic lymphadenectomy might have a therapeutic value and that patients with pelvic nodal disease only, without evidence for metastatic disease, should not be denied radical surgery. The influence of concomitant hormonal manipulation or radiotherapy (or both) on patient survival and disease progression is not conclusively answered in this report. PMID- 7226085 TI - Carcinoma of the uterine cervix: review of experience at University of Kansas Medical Center. AB - A total of 211 patients with a diagnosis of carcinoma of uterine cervix, managed by radiotherapy at the University of Kansas Medical Center between 1969-1975 was reviewed. There were 90 patients in Stage I, 65 in Stage II, 43 in Stage III, and 13 with Stage IV disease. Squamous cell carcinoma was found to be the most common histologic type. Twenty-three patients had shown uterine extension of the disease; of these, eight had adenocarcinoma. The majority of the patients received external whole-pelvic telecobalt therapy followed by a variety of intracavitary radium applications. The combined dose to point A ranged from 5000 13,000 rad. There were 166 patients followed for five or more years. Overall five year survival was 74% (124/166). Survival by stage: IA--92% (12/13); IB--88% (55/62); IIA2--74% (23/31); IIB--58% (14/24); IIIA&B--64% (18/28); and IV--25% (2/8). The overall three-year survival was 73% (155/211). Thirty-three patients (33/211 = 16%) developed local recurrence, and five of these patients were salvaged by surgery. Surgery for complications was required in nine patients. Rectovaginal and vesicovaginal fistulae occurred in three patients (1.5%). Local recurrence and complications vs. dose and system used were analyzed. PMID- 7226086 TI - Scalene node biopsy in advanced carcinoma of the cervix uteri. AB - To determine the incidence of scalene node metastasis from carcinoma of the cervix uteri, all patients with advanced carcinoma of the cervix who underwent scalene node biopsy as part of a pretreatment evaluation at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics have been reviewed. In 40 patients, left scalene node biopsy was indicated because of (1) metastatic para-aortic nodes (25); (2) palpable scalene nodes (2); and (3) other evidence of metastasis or unresectability. Of the 25 patients with metastasis to para-aortic nodes, seven (28%) had metastasis to the scalene node. None of these was palpable preoperatively. Because scalene node involvement indicates that the disease is beyond the scope of both surgical and radiation treatment, routine scalene node biopsy is recommended in those patients with para-aortic node metastasis. PMID- 7226087 TI - Chemoimmunotherapy for multiple myeloma. AB - The effect of chemoimmunotherapy consolidation treatment using alternating courses of alkylating agents and BCG was studied in 105 responding patients with multiple myeloma. The survival time of these patients was similar to that of responding patients treated on previous maintenance programs, indicating no apparent value from BCG for myeloma. The duration of unmaintained remission was longest in those with low numbers of residual plasma cells, and relapse usually developed within one year in patients with persistent serum myeloma peaks. Disease recontrol was achieved in 50% of relapsing patients whose median survival from retreatment was 20 months. Patient follow-up without chemotherapy until relapse was justified mainly for those responding patients with disappearance of myeloma proteins. PMID- 7226088 TI - Radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy in advanced Ewing's Sarcoma-Intergroup study. AB - Forty-four patients with metastatic (36 patients) and advanced regional (eight patients) Ewing's sarcoma were treated on a protocol employing intensive combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy to all sites of overt disease (primary site and metastatic sites). Thirty-one patients achieved a complete remission, eight achieved a partial remission, and five patients did not respond to treatment. Of the 31 patients who achieved a complete remission (12 had metastases and six had regional spread), 18 remained disease-free with a median follow-up of 34 months, while recurrences occurred in nine patients. Four patients died of complications of treatment. Although late relapses can still be expected, it appears that intensive multimodal management in metastatic Ewing's sarcoma can produce prolonged disease-free survival and possibly cure in a significant percentage of patients. PMID- 7226089 TI - Pulmonary resection and chemotherapy for metastatic alveolar soft-part sarcoma. AB - Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is an unusual tumor of soft tissues; it has invariably ended in death from disseminated disease, and the lung has been the most common site of metastasis. We present a patient with ASPS with bilateral pulmonary metastases who achieved a complete response after bilateral thoracotomies with removal of all gross disease and after combination chemotherapy including vincristine, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. The patient has now been followed for five years since the appearance of the metastases and has been off therapy for the past 34 months. He shows no evidence of disease. We suggest that multimodality therapy is a reasonable approach in patients with ASPS and pulmonary metastases and that such therapy has the potential for improving survival. PMID- 7226090 TI - Treatment of metastatic breast cancer with aminoglutethimide. AB - Seventy-three women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with aminoglutethimide and dexamethasone. No complete responses occurred. Ten patients (16%) achieved partial responses (mean duration, 12 months). The proportions of patients responding by disease site were breast (50%), nodes (33%), skin (23%), bone (16%), lung (11%), and liver (7%). Response did not correlate with age, menopausal status, performance status, or cortisol suppression. Ninety percent of responders had had previous responses to hormonal manipulations. No responses occurred in estrogen receptor negative patients. An additional 20% of patients had disease stabilization of eight or more months (mean, 17 months). Severe bone pain was present in 47 patients and was relieved in 19. Side effects occurred in 75% but caused discontinuation of therapy in only four patients. Somnolence, nausea, rash, Cushings syndrome, and leukopenia were the most frequent side effects. Aminoglutethimide with dexamethasone is an effective hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 7226091 TI - Osteonecrosis in patients irradiated for head and neck carcinoma. AB - One hundred patients irradiated for cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and nasopharynx were evaluated for the occurrence of osteonecrosis and associated predisposing factors. Selection was based on availability of complete dental records, a minimum of six months follow-up, and treatment fields, which included maxilla and/or mandible. Bone doses were calculated by using radiotherapy treatment records, port films, and isodose distributions. Osteonecrosis developed in 19 of 78 dentulous patients and in 3 of 22 edentulous patients. The time of development of osteonecrosis varied; in 15 cases osteonecrosis occurred more than one year after treatment. The most important risk factor for the development of osteonecrosis was the radiation dose to bone, particularly in the less vascular mandible. Osteonecrosis 7500 rads to the bone. None of the patients who received less than 6500 rads developed osteonecrosis. The risk was significantly greater when teeth were removed after therapy compared with those individuals with extractions before radiation or no extractions at all. PMID- 7226092 TI - Specific immunotherapy of advanced renal carcinoma: evidence for the polyclonality of metastases. AB - Autologous, irradiated (10,000 rads) tumor cells mixed with C. parvum were given weekly to 14 patients with metastatic renal carcinoma. The tumor tissue had been cryopreserved with DMSO. No significant toxicity was produced. Four patients underwent objective responses, and a fifth had prolonged stabilization (27+ months). Varying responses occurred simultaneously in different metastatic lesions within the same patient. Responding patients usually had an excellent ambulatory status and received greater than 20 x 10(7) tumor cells. PMID- 7226093 TI - The production of malignant tumors of the lung and pleura in dogs from intratracheal asbestos instillation and cigarette smoking. AB - Nine dogs were given early intratracheal instillations of crocidolite asbestos for periods up to three years. The maximum dose totalled 66 mg/kg. In addition, seven of these dogs smoked nine cigarettes per day, five days per week for six years. A malignant pleural and/or peritoneal mesothelioma developed in six of these dogs, and adenocarcinoma of the lung developed in four, one of which had areas of squamous differentiation. The first animal died of a malignant tumor six years after the onset of exposure, and the last animal died eight years after the onset. PMID- 7226094 TI - Autoradiography of cellular glycoproteins reveals histogenesis of bronchogenic adenocarcinomas. AB - Primary and metastatic bronchogenic adenocarcinomas, excluding bronchioloalveolar and large cell types, and normal bronchi were studied to find out if the tumors displayed a common type of glycoprotein metabolism that was also shared by one or more bronchial epithelial cell types. For comparison, the glycoprotein metabolism of a metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma was also investigated. Tissues were maintained in vitro, and the cellular distribution of glycoproteins, metabolically labelled with 3H-glucosamine, was determined by light and electron microscopic autoradiography. Intense reactions in the form of silver grains over luminal surfaces of primary bronchogenic adenocarcinomas and those metastatic to pleural fluids indicated that the synthesis of cell coat (glycocalyx) glycoproteins predominated. In the pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the synthesis of secretory glycoproteins predominated, reflecting a histogenesis from secretory epithelium. In bronchi, only ciliated epithelium exhibited a distribution of newly synthesized glycoproteins similar to that observed in the bronchogenic adenocarcinomas. These observations suggest that bronchogenic adenocarcinomas share a common histogenesis and most likely arise from a cell type committed to differentiation into ciliated epithelium. PMID- 7226095 TI - Precursors of human colon carcinoma: a serial section study of colectomy specimens. AB - All polyps and strips of colonic mucosa 1 to 15 cm from tumor margins were examined for possible precursors of carcinoma in 24 patients undergoing partial colectomy for primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. Of 114 polyps found, 40.4% were adenomatous, and the remainder were hyperplastic or inflammatory or showed normal mucosa. No primarily dysplastic lesions, which could be interpreted as early de novo carcinomas, were found. Serial sections of mucosal strips revealed minute adenomatous foci in 3 of 24 patients, one of whom also showed several patches of exclusively dysplastic epithelium. This finding suggest that carcinoma may rarely arise de novo, but most carcinomas appear to be accompanied by (? preceded by) adenomatous changes. PMID- 7226096 TI - Natural history of malignant lymphomas with divergent histologies at staging evaluation. AB - The pathology and medical records of 515 patients with malignant lymphomas treated at the National Cancer Institute have been reviewed to determine the frequency and natural history of patients who have different histologic diagnoses in various tissue sites at their initial staging evaluation. Of the 101 patients who had multiple tissue sites biopsied, 33 patients had different histologic diagnoses. Eighteen patients had a nodular pattern in one site and a diffuse pattern in another. The final stage and treatment of these 18 patients were similar to that of the 27 patients with multiple identical nodular biopsies and 41 patients with multiple identical diffuse biopsies. However, the 56% complete response rate for patients with both a nodular pattern and a diffuse pattern was intermediate between that achieved in patients with identical nodular biopsies (70%) and identical diffuse biopsies (30%). Median survival for these three groups was as follows: identical nodular biopsies, 53 months; both a nodular and a diffuse pattern, 37 months; and identical diffuse biopsies, 12 months. These results demonstrate that patients with different histologic diagnoses in various sites at staging evaluation are not uncommon and have a unique natural history that should be considered in planning treatment. PMID- 7226097 TI - A high level of glycosaminoglycan-synthesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. AB - Glycosaminoglycan content of a squamous cell carcinoma derived from the parotid gland was analyzed. The tumor tissue contained a large amount of glycosaminoglycans, and the amount was strikingly larger than found in other kinds of tumor tissues (pleomorphic adenoma, scirrhous carcinoma, myxoma, etc.) analyzed previously. A culture cell line established from this tumor showed a morphologic characteristic of differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, in vitro, forming many tonofilaments in the cytoplasma and numerous desmosomes in the intercellular connection. The carcinoma cell synthesized and secreted a large amount of glycosaminoglycans, consisting mainly of hyaluronic acid. The amount of 3H-labelled hyaluronic acid secreted by this carcinoma cell was about 20-fold larger than that by HeLa cell or KB cell. Conceivably, a high level of hyaluronic acid synthesis is one of the biologic characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma derived from the duct epithelium of the salivary gland. PMID- 7226098 TI - Carcinoma of the colon arising at ureteral implant sites despite early external diversion: pathogenetic and clinical implications. AB - Colon carcinomas develop at the site of implantation in approximately 6% of patients who undergo ureterosigmoidostomy for benign conditions. Generally, the obstruction of a long-functioning ureterosigmoidostomy heralds the presentation of the malignancy. The development of a carcinoma of the colon at the site of the ureteral stump 22 years after conversion to ileal conduit in a ureterosigmoidostomy, which had been in place for only nine months, raises fundamental questions about the pathogenesis of the tumor. The long-assumed role of urine in the induction of these iatrogenic tumors must be questioned. This issue and suggestions for management and prevention are discussed. PMID- 7226099 TI - Splenectomy in hairy cell leukemia: a retrospective multicenter analysis. AB - To study the effect of splenectomy in hairy cell leukemia, we initiated a retrospective multicenter analysis. A series of 391 patients, contributed by 22 centers (median: 15 cases per center, range 2--130), was analyzed. Since comparison of the data from these centers showed few significant differences, the data were pooled. Factors that proved to have prognostic value at the time of diagnosis was significantly longer in the splenectomy group (n = 225) than in the nonsplenectomy group (n = 166) (P less than 0.0001). When subgroups were analyzed, no difference in survival time was found between splenectomized and splenectomized patients having an age greater than 60 years, symptoms greater than 12 months, spleens less than 4 cm under costal margin, hemoglobin levels greater than 12 g/dl, neutrophils greater than 500/mm3, or platelets greater than 100,000/mm3. After the operation, the platelet count usually increased to acceptable values, whereas the neutrophil count increased less often. Patients with Hb greater than 11 g/dl, neutrophils greater than 1,000/mm3, and platelets greater than 100,000/mm3 after splenectomy, survived longer than patients with a less complete response to the operation (P less than 0.01). In patients with definite splenomegaly and pancytopenia, splenectomy seems to be beneficial. However, in patients without distinctly enlarged spleens, other therapeutical modalities should be considered. PMID- 7226100 TI - Severe hypertension in a child with ganglioneuroblastoma. AB - A 26-month-old boy with Stage III abdominal ganglioneuroblastoma had tachycardia and hypertension. The hypertension increased following the institution of chemotherapy and necessitated the use of both alpha and beta adrenergic blocking agents to control the effects of the marked catecholamine production. After excision of the residual tumor, the blood pressure and urinary catecholamine excretion returned to normal. Histologic examination of this tissue under light microscopy revealed some sections of ganglioneuroblastoma as well as large areas of ganglioneuroma. Examination by electron microscopy demonstrated a moderate number of dense core neurosecretory-type granules in the cell bodies of the ganglion-like cells and an abundance of the same type of granules in the bundles of the interwoven cytoplasmic neural processes. To data, 32 months after diagnosis and 20 months off chemotherapy, the patient remains free of tumor and is in excellent general health. We postulate that the large number of secretory granules in this tumor permitted storage and release of markedly increased quantities of norepinephrine and resulted in a clinical profile similar to that associated with pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7226101 TI - Adenocarcinoma occurring in association with a chronic sinus tract and biliary fistula. AB - Malignant change can occur in various types of fistulae, draining sinuses, chronic inflammatory tracts, scars, and old wounds. An unusual case of an adenocarcinoma arising in association with a chronic sinus tract and biliary cutaneous fistula of twenty years' duration is presented. Literature review reveals this to be the first reported case. PMID- 7226102 TI - Spontaneous regression of metastases of renal cancer: A report of two cases including the first recorded regression following irradiation of a dominant metastasis and review of the world literature. AB - Two cases of spontaneous regression of lung metastases are presented. One is the first report of regression of metastases after irradiation of a dominant metastasis. The world literature is reviewed, and 67 documented cases have been found including the two now reported. Attention is drawn to the use of immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced renal cancer. PMID- 7226103 TI - Familial cancer in an oncology clinic. AB - Knowledge of cancer genetics provides the physician with a powerful tool for the recognition of patients who might profit from highly targeted cancer surveillance/management programs. Family history was evaluated by registered nurses on 565 consecutively ascertained patients with verified cancer from Creighton's Oncology Clinic. This initial assessment yielded 199 (35.5%) families with two more family members with cancer (all sites) within an informative nuclear component, which constituted parents, grandparents, aunts/uncles, siblings, and children. One or more of the operational criteria for cancer familiality, namely vertical transmission of cancer, bilaterality, and/or multiple primaries, early age of onset, and three or more site specific cancers, were found on physician review in 171 (30.5%) of the families. This group was referred for comprehensive cancer genetic evaluation consisting of pedigree extension and tumor verification through all second degree, and when possible, third degree relatives. It was determined that approximately 4% of the total clinic population demonstrated findings compatible with hereditary cancer syndromes. Its universal extension in clinical practice is advocated because of the potential yield from meticulous surveillance for cancer of highly targeted organs in such high-risk kindreds, as well as the economy and general case of obtaining detailed family history by registered nurses. The physician is able, therefore, to devote his primary effort toward pedigree analysis and syndrome identification. PMID- 7226104 TI - Second-look laparotomy based on CEA elevations in colorectal cancer. AB - Second-look laparotomy was performed in 32 patients who had significant CEA elevations following curative resection for adenocarcinoma of the large bowel. All were asymptomatic, with no demonstrable evidence of recurrence on work-up prior to surgery. Five patients developed subsequent CEA elevations after curative resections at second-look surgery and, while remaining asymptomatic, underwent re-exploration. A total of 37 laparotomies were performed. The CEA level at second-look ranged from 5.1--470 ng/ml with a median level of 25 ng/ml, the time delay ranged from 1--20 months with a median of four months, and the rate of CEA elevation ranged from 0.39--49.05 ng/ml in two weeks with a median of 3.17 ng/ml in two weeks. Recurrent disease was documented in 33 (89%) and four patients had negative explorations (11%). Liver metastasis was evident in 18 with seven curative resections, and local-abdominal disease in 15 with nine curative resections, giving a resectability rate of 43% (16/37). Lower CEA levels, shorter time delays to surgery, and slower rates of CEA elevation were directly related to the resectability rate. The follow-up ranged from 2--61 months, with a median of 15 months. Eight patients are alive and well, 8--61 months, 10 patients are alive with disease 10--47 months; and 14 patients are dead of disease 2--37 months following the second-look surgery. These results suggest a definite role for CEA in selecting patients for second-look laparotomy; however, more follow-up is necessary to document prolonged survival. PMID- 7226105 TI - Changes in clinical presentation and management of malignant melanoma. AB - Records of 147 patients with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma treated at the Lahey Clinic from 1955--1979 were reviewed. Complete clinical follow-up data were obtained, and all pathologic material was reviewed. Proposed new risk categories based on a modification of the Clark and Breslow categorizations are outlined. The incidence of low-risk melanoma has dramatically increased (from 23--53%) and that of high-risk melanoma has decreased (from 34--10%) over the period of this study. Dermal punch biopsy gives accurate staging information and carries no increased risk of local recurrence, nodal metastases, or death from disease. Resection of a margin of clinically uninvolved skin measuring twice the diameter of the primary melanoma minimizes local recurrence (2.5% or less), does not adversely affect survival, and reduces the need for skin grafting. Arbitrary wide margins are not justified. Regional lymphadenectomy offers no improvement in survival in patients with low-risk and moderate-risk melanoma and can play only a minor role at most in improving survival for patients with high-risk melanoma. PMID- 7226106 TI - Selected prognostic variables for mammographic parenchymal patterns. AB - Conjecture exists about the influence of numerous risk-factors for breast cancer on mammographic parenchymal patterns. To allow more precise documentation of the common variables considered influential in alterations of breast parenchyma, we conducted a randomized retrospective analysis. Of 10,132 women participants in the Louisville Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project, every tenth participant was randomly selected for evaluation using SPSS statistical programming. Each accessioned patient had discriminant analysis for the risk factors of age, parity, age at birth of first child, family history, personal history, previous history of breast biopsy, and exogenous estrogen therapy. One thousand-and-two women were examined for the significance of the selected prognostic variable association with Wolfe mammographic parenchymal patterns (WMPP). Each prognostic factor was tested by chi-square analysis for the low-risk pattern (N1P1) versus the high-risk pattern (P2DY). A high correlation existed between the age of patient and WMPP (P = 0.0002) in the subjects evaluated (50- 85 years, mean 60). Similarly, a very significant correlation was evident between WMPP and parity (P = 0.0002), age at birth of first child (P = 0.0014), family history of breast cancer (P = 0.097), and history of previous breast biopsy (P = 0.0066). Little correlation existed between the Wolfe parenchymal pattern classification and a personal history of breast cancer (P = 0.7779) or the use of exogenous estrogens (P = 0.5776). PMID- 7226107 TI - Metabolic alterations in a noncachectic animal tumor system. AB - The increased energy expended by the host to synthesize substrate, which is utilized by the tumor, is a potential cause of cancer cachexia. In vivo glucose and alanine kinetics were examined by tracer methodology in a sarcoma-bearing rat model. The effects of 3-mercaptopicolinic acid, a potent inhibitor of gluconeogenesis, was also examined on this model. Both tumor-bearing (TB) and nontumor bearing (NTB) animals were gaining weight prior to study and the tumors were relatively small. The TB animals had significantly lower plasma glucose and higher blood lactic acid levels compared with NTB animals. After inhibition of gluconeogenesis, the plasma glucose decreased and the blood lactate increased significantly more in TB than NTB animals. The glucose turnover rate was significantly greater in TB compared with NTB animals, as was the rate of glucose recycling and the rate of gluconeogenesis (alanine leads to glucose), both energy demanding processes. These results suggest that the tumor-bearing animal, even prior to significant cachexia, has an excess demand for energy, the provision of which may be a significant factor in malignant cachexia. PMID- 7226108 TI - The continuing challenge of retroperitoneal sarcomas. AB - Treatment of 158 patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas (1951--1977) resulted in a mean five-year survival of 40% (range 37--45%) after complete excision. Only 22% (range 19--25%) of the patients were free of disease. Survival for five years after incomplete excision was 3%. Operative mortality after complete excision declined from 21 to 2% during this period. Anatomical barriers to wide resection, high-grade histology, and local recurrence were the most important factors determining survival. The need for adjuvant therapy is emphasized by a 77% recurrence rate among patients with apparent complete excision. Brachytherapy (125Iodine, 192Iridium) afterloading techniques and supplemental external radiation are recommended to improve local control and chemotherapy is indicated to diminish the potential for metastatic spread. The contribution of adjuvant therapy after complete excision in this series was difficult to assess because of the number of uncontrolled variables, different histologic types, and limited number of patients treated by multimodality therapy. Although radiation and chemotherapy may be beneficial after incomplete resection, prolonged survival was only seen in patients with liposarcoma and low-grade fibrosarcoma. PMID- 7226109 TI - Natural history of adrenal cortical carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 42 patients. AB - To study the biologic behavior and natural history of this rare but challenging tumor faced by oncologists, a clinicopathologic study of 42 patients with histologically proven adrenal cortical carcinoma from Roswell Park Memorial Institute (1929--1977) was done. These constituted .04% of all cancer cases and 0.2% of all autopsy cases. Age range was 3--74 years with median of 53 years; female to male ratio was 1.5 to 1. Clinical manifestations were: abdominal mass (36%), metastatic disease (30%), hormonal excess (17%) and weakness with lethargy (17%). Nine of ten functioning tumors were seen in female patients. Tumors arose in left adrenal in 26 patients, right adrenal in 12, and in four the site could not be determined because of bilateral presence of cancer. Median duration of symptoms was six months. At diagnosis, 52% had distant metastases, 41% had locally advanced tumor and 7% had tumor confined to adrenal. Sixteen patients underwent "curative" resection. Tumor diameter ranged from 1--30 cm with median of 10 cm. Of 28 patients who received different chemotherapeutic regimens, three (11%) had objective response; four of ten patients had objective response to radiation therapy. Overall median and five-year survival rates were 14 months and 24%. Prolonged survival (P less than .05) was noted in women, patients who had "curative" resection, a disease-free interval of more than 12 months, and tumor size greater than 10 cm diameter. Patients with functional tumors had longer median survival than those with non-functional ones (28 vs. 12), but P value was greater than .05. A second primary cancer was noted in 22.4% of cases, breast and lymphoma being the most common. At autopsy in 31 patients, the most common metastatic sites were retroperitoneal lymph nodes 68%, lung 71%, liver 42%, and bone 26%. To improve survival, an aggressive surgical approach is recommended to extirpate the tumor with involved organs and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Adrenal carcinoma should be suspected in patients with metastatic cancer with an occult primary. PMID- 7226110 TI - The seventies evolution in liver surgery for cancer. AB - During the past decade, one of the major changes in the field of oncology has been in the surgical approach to primary and secondary cancer of the liver. As a result of data and experience gained in liver transplantation programs and with the application of vascular surgical principles, resectability rates have been increased. The present rate of 32% has been achieved with an overall 30-day operative mortality rate of 9%. More sophisticated intraoperative and postoperative supports have been essential in achieving these results. The median operating time is now 4 3/4 hours in length. Complications are minimal. The median postoperative hospital stay is now 13 days. During the past decade, 436 patients with liver tumors were treated by the authors. It has become apparent in this experience and in that reported by others that an increasing number of patients with primary liver cancer or metastatic cancer in the liver can be cured by surgery with minimal operative risk. Adjuvant chemotherapy may increase the salvage rate. Current therapeutic results are best evaluated after staging of the liver disease: Stage I (no involvement of margins of resection, hepatic vascular structures or bile ducts; all gross disease removed): 85% three-year survival estimate, using the Kaplan-Meier method, for individuals with primary liver cancer; 71% for those with metastatic colorectal cancer. Stages II and III (regional or extrahepatic spread): 22% three-year survival for individuals with primary liver cancer but no survivors at two years with metastatic colorectal cancer. These data permit better selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from surgery. PMID- 7226111 TI - Presidential address. The Society of Surgical Oncology: status of Surgical Oncology in the university. PMID- 7226112 TI - Reassessment of prognostic factors in stage IIIA and IIIB Hodgkin's disease treated with MOPP and radiotherapy. AB - Prognostic factors have been re-evaluated for 88 patients with Stage III Hodgkin's disease to see if they have remained significant on a long-term basis. Treatment had consisted of two cycles of MOPP followed by radiotherapy to the mantle, abdomen, and pelvis; all patients had achieved complete remission. Case material was grouped according to the presence of absence of mediastinal disease. Five-year survivals for Stage IIIA and IIIB patients were 85 and 80%; corresponding disease-free survivals were 76 and 73%. Significant prognostic factors include age, histopathology, and extent of abdominal disease, but the relative importance of these factors differs for the mediastinal and nonmediastinal patients. Modifications of current treatment policy for both mediastinal and nonmediastinal patients are discussed in relation to the prognostic factors. PMID- 7226113 TI - Ewing's sarcoma: ten-year experience with adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - Since May 1970, 67 consecutive patients with primary (nonmetastatic) Ewing's sarcoma were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in addition to radiation therapy (RT) or surgery for the primary tumor. The first 19 patients were treated with four-drug sequential CT (T-2). The second protocol was a seven-drug induction combination CT (T-6) followed by T-2 maintenance CT; in both protocols CT was continued for 18 months. The current protocol (T-9) consists of combination CT given continuously for a period of 9 months. Of the entire group of 67 patients, 47 (70%) had axial and proximal lesions (pelvis, spine, rib, humerus, and femur) and 20 (30%) had distal lesions (forearm, leg, and foot); 53/67 (79%) are surviving free of disease 12--118 months (median 41 months) from the start of treatment. Fifteen of 23 (65%) patients with axial lesions, 19/24 (79%) patients with proximal lesions, and 19/20 (95%) patients with distal lesions are free of disease. Disease-free survivors include 28/39 (72%) male patients and 25/28 (89%) female patients. Thirty-four patients had RT, and 33 had surgery or surgery and RT, in addition to chemotherapy, for local treatment. The disease-free survival rate was 76% in the RT group and 82% in the surgery group; failure in the RT group was attributable to local recurrence in 7/34 (21%) patients. Recent experience with T-9 CT has demonstrated that CT given prior to RT or surgery can cause a great reduction in the size of the primary tumor while allowing the pathologically-eroded bone to heal prior to the initiation of RT; this also allows the high-risk patient with an axial primary (pelvis or spine) to tolerate the aggressive CT needed to prevent distant metastases. In addition to dramatically increasing survival in patients with Ewing's sarcoma, combination CT has helped achieve permanent local control. The superior survival rates for all sites of primary tumor are attributable to the early use of aggressive combination CT. PMID- 7226114 TI - Low tissue enzyme activity seen in breast cancers of patients who fail adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - Primary breast cancers from 54 patients undergoing postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed for several enzymes and estrogen receptors to determine if biochemical parameters might offer a prognostic index for determining outcome of therapy. Recurrence of disease during therapy or within 12 months after cessation of therapy was the criterion for classifying the patient as a treatment failure. Recurrence rates were similar in ER-positive vs. ER negative patients, indicating that estrogen receptor status offered no predictive value in this series. However, patients who failed therapy had tumors that displayed significantly lower activities of lactate dehydrogenase, glucosephosphate isomerase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase vs. patients who showed no evidence of recurrence for this observation period. When either premenopausal or ER-negative patients were compared, a similar observation was made; low enzyme activities occurred in patients failing to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Based on this series of patients, it is suggested that a selected enzyme activity profile may offer a predictive index for recurrence in the adjuvant chemotherapy setting. PMID- 7226115 TI - Potentiation of dimethylhydrazine bowel carcinogenesis in rats. AB - An animal model of organ-specific chemical carcinogenesis has been used to study environmental effects on the incidence of human colorectal adenocarcinoma. Wistar/Furth weanling rats underwent connection of their urinary and fecal streams (ureterosigmoidostomy), connection of their urinary and fecal streams with proximal fecal diversion (rectal bladder), or sham operations. Age-matched, unoperated control and operated animals then received either no carcinogen, 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) 20 mg/kg body weight, s.c. once weekly for 16 weeks, N-[4 (5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolylformamide (FANFT) 0.2% of the feed for 16 weeks, or DMH + FANFT concurrently. Thirty-three weeks after carcinogen exposure, surviving animals were killed and examined for bowel and urinary bladder tumors. The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the colon adjacent to the junction between bladder and bowel was significantly higher in animals after ureterosigmoidostomy compared with animals whose fecal stream had been proximally diverted (14/22 vs. 0/34, P less than 0.001). This effect was not dependent upon chemical carcinogen exposure. Nonexposed animals still developed a significantly higher incidence of colon adenocarcinomas adjacent to their bladder-bowel junctions as compared with animals with proximal fecal diversion (5/8 vs. 0/13, P less than 0.01). In unoperated or sham operated animals, adenocarcinomas of the bowel occurred in 33% of DMH-treated animals and transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder in 33% of the FANFT-treated animals. After concurrent exposure to both carcinogens, no increased incidence of bladder tumors was noted when compared with FANFT treatment alone. However, the number of animals with one or more adenocarcinomas of the bowel (22/30 vs. 17/50, P less than 0.001), the mean number of tumors per animal (2.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.1, P less than 0.01), and the invasiveness of the tumors were all increased after DMH + FANFT as compared with DMH exposure alone. The carcinogenic potential of direct bladder to bowel connection with intact fecal and urinary streams, and the potentiation by FANFT of DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis may have implications in the genesis of human colorectal cancer. PMID- 7226117 TI - Combined chemotherapy and surgery in treatment of advanced germ-cell tumors. AB - Forty-eight selected patients with GCT who were suspected of having residual disease after two or three chemotherapy inductions underwent an attempt at resection of this residual tumor. In 37 patients all gross disease was resected: 11 had malignant tissue, eight adult teratoma, and 18 no residual neoplasm, and 9, 7 and 17, respectively, remain free of disease. Patients in whom complete resection was not possible generally did poorly. Elevated serum tumor markers following the completion of preoperative chemotherapy indicated residual malignant disease and poor probability for complete resection. Twenty-nine percent of patients with negative preoperative markers had malignancy at the time of surgery, but disease was resectable in most of these patients. The key for success is, first, the response to chemotherapy and, second, complete resection of residual disease. It is recommended that patients with initially bulky metastases (diameter greater than 5 cm) be first managed by chemotherapy, employing successive close inductions, and subsequently explored with intent to resect residual disease. When the resected specimen shows malignant elements, the patients should receive additional inductions, otherwise, maintenance chemotherapy is employed. PMID- 7226116 TI - Cholesterol and obesity as prognostic factors in breast cancer. AB - Analysis of disease-free survival rates in 374 women with operable breast cancer revealed that preoperative weight, particularly in combination with serum cholesterol, is a significant prognostic determinant. Overall, women weighing under 150 pounds had a significantly higher cumulative five-year disease-free survival rate (67%) compared with women weighing more (49%) (z = 2.2298, P = 0.026). Women with low serum cholesterol levels had better cumulative five-year disease-free survival (67%) than women with high serum cholesterol levels (58%) (z = 1.1008, P = 0.27). The combination of high weight and high serum cholesterol levels was associated with an extremely poor cumulative five-year disease-free survival (32%) compared with that observed for women in whom values of either, or both, variables were low (68%) (z = 3.7843, P = 0.0004). These patterns in disease-free survival persisted even after controlling for tumor stage. The findings indicate that weight and cholesterol, in addition to their previously reported effect on the risk of breast cancer development, influence significantly the subsequent course of the disease. PMID- 7226118 TI - Prognostic indicators in patients with isolated local-regional recurrence of breast cancer. AB - A retrospective review was undertaken of 129 patients with isolated local regional recurrence of breast cancer following radical or modified radical mastectomy. The overall survival and disease-free survival for these patients five years from the time of local-regional recurrence was 36 and 13%, respectively. The clinical stage at initial diagnosis, the number of histologically positive nodes at mastectomy, menopausal status, and the location of the recurrence (chest wall vs. nodal) were all found to have no significant effect on survival or disease-free survival. On the other hand, the number of recurrences, the size of the largest recurrence, and the time interval between mastectomy and recurrence (disease-free interval) had definite prognostic significance. A single recurrence, the size of the largest recurrence being less than or equal to 1 cm, and a disease-free interval of longer than 24 months predicted a good prognosis; on the other hand, multiple recurrences, the size of the largest recurrence being greater than 1 cm, and a disease-free interval of less than 24 months predicted a bad prognosis. Eighty-one percent of the patients ultimately developed distant metastases; the incidence of distant metastases was the same for patients with factors predicting a good prognosis as it was for those with factors predicting a bad prognosis. The time to appearance of distant metastases, however, was significantly longer in the former group of patients than in the latter. The information from this analysis should be useful in designing future clinical trials involving patients with isolated local-regional recurrence of breast cancer. PMID- 7226119 TI - Results of treatment for squamous carcinoma of the lower gum. AB - The records of 61 patients with a diagnosis of squamous carcinoma of the lower alveolar ridge were reviewed. The overall two-year survival was 67% with a local or regional failure of 5%. The majority of patients were treated with surgery initially with an excellent local control of 98%, if the patient who died in the postoperative period and the patient lost to follow-up are excluded. Radiation therapy should be used postoperatively for those patients whose cancer exhibits some of the adverse findings such as extensive nodal metastasis, perineural invasion, or inadequate margins of surgical resection. PMID- 7226121 TI - Preoperative radiation therapy for sarcoma of soft tissue. AB - Experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital in the management of 36 patients with sarcoma of soft tissue who were accepted for treatment by radiation followed by surgery is described. The tumors in these patients were extensive: greater than 5 cm in 33. Actual radiation doses covered a broad range for a variety of technical and medical reasons. The general dose aim has been 5000--6000 rad (200 rad 5 times a week) followed in approximately three weeks by conservative resection; a boost dose to the tumor bed has been given intraoperatively (interstitial or electron beam technique) or postoperatively (small field external beam, fractionated dose technique). Histologic change in the operative specimen increased with histologic grade of tumor, viz. more severe change in the less well-differentiated tumor. There was a trend toward more marked change with increasing dose for levels of 4000 rad and more. Local control has been achieved in 31 of 33 patients (follow-up of three months to eight years) treated by radiation followed by surgery. For three patients, the planned resection proved not to be technically feasible and treatment was completed by further radiation; of these, two had a local failure. Wound healing was delayed in six of the 33 treated by radiation followed by resection. PMID- 7226122 TI - Salvage cystectomy for bladder carcinoma. AB - Sixty-two patients with carcinoma of the bladder who had received external radiation as definitive therapy underwent radical cystectomy for persistent or recurrent tumor. A preoperative clinical assessment correctly predicted whether the tumor was superficial or advanced in 74% of patients, which correlated with prognosis. Overall five-year survival rate after cystectomy was 43%, while five year survival rates for patients with clinically staged superficial and advanced tumors were 64% and 25%, respectively. There have been no postoperative deaths, and morbidity was not greater than that of patients undergoing cystectomy after planned preoperative radiation therapy. We conclude that salvage cystectomy can be recommended without fear of increased mortality or morbidity for selected patients who have failed definitive radiation therapy. PMID- 7226120 TI - Stage III nodular lymphoreticular tumors (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma): results of central lymphatic irradiation. AB - Since 1969, 29 previously untreated patients with Stage III nodular malignant lymphoreticular (MLT) have received total central lymphatic (TCL) irradiation. The volume irradiated included the entire abdomen, Waldeyer's ring, and preauricular nodes in addition to the usual regions encompassed by total nodal irradiation. Doses of 2000--3000 rads in three to six weeks were delivered to the nodal regions, liver, and spleen; fraction sizes ranged from 100 to 180 rads. Patients have been followed from one to ten years (median six years). The actuarial survival is 78% at five years, and the disease-free survival is 61%. There is no difference in disease-free survival of the patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic vs. those with "histiocytic" or mixed cytology. Men and women had disease-free survivals of 82% and 43%, respectively. The long-term follow-up of these patients indicates that prolonged disease-free intervals are common after TCL irradiation, and some patients may be cured. PMID- 7226123 TI - Electrocoagulation for skin cancer: an old oncologic tool revisited. AB - Two-hundred-sixty-two squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas were treated by electrocoagulation over a six-year period. Eighty-four percent of these lesions were basal cell carcinomas. The overall recurrence rate was 3% in a personal 2--9 year follow-up. Those lesions measuring 2--5 cm had a 4% recurrence rate. All operations were done on an ambulatory basis. One-third of the patients were 70 years of age or older. This method has been found to be effective in the treatment of postradiation recurrences of skin cancer. Up to now such recurrences have defied attempts at cure. The technique is simple, safe, convenient, economical, and highly effective. It is believed that electrocoagulation and curettage should be considered the ideal therapy for those skin cancers in all locations in which surgical excision and primary closure cannot be done without plastic surgical intervention. PMID- 7226125 TI - Formation by diethylnitrosamine and persistence of O4-ethylthymidine in rat liver DNA in vivo. AB - The formation by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and persistence of O4-ethylthymidine in rat liver DNA in vivo has been studied using enzymic hydrolysis of DNA, cation exchange column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The amount of O4-ethylthymidine represented about 1% of the total ethylation; its half-life in vivo was 19 (range 16--24) days, the same value as obtained for O2 ethylthymidine. The persistence of O2- and O4-ethylthymidine, rather than the rapid removal of O6-ethylguanine, favours the former miscoding base adducts as relevant molecular lesions in rat liver carcinogenesis. PMID- 7226124 TI - Chemotherapy vs. chemoimmunotherapy with methanol extraction residue of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER) in advanced breast cancer: a randomized trial by the Piedmont Oncology Association. AB - Effects of the addition of MER, a nonspecific, nonviable immunostimulant, to two combination chemotherapy programs were explored in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Patients were randomized to either CDVFP [cyclophosphamide (C), doxorubicin (D), vincristine (V), fluorouracil (F) and prednisone (P)] or CD alternating with methotrexate (M) and F (CD/MF). Each group was also randomized to receive MER, 0.4 mg S.C. every four weeks or no immunotherapy. The response rates were CDVFP 56%, CDVFP + MER 54%, CD/MF 43%, and CD/MF + MER 43%. No significant differences were noted in response rate. Median durations of response and survival were similar for each group: CDVFP 16.2 and 25.2 months, respectively; CDVFP + MER 14.0 and 23.3 months, CD/MF 12.1 and 26.1 months, and CD/MF + MER 15.5 and 25.6 months. Patients who achieved CR frequently had soft tissue disease (7/17) and patients with disease in 1 or 2 metastatic sites had a significantly higher response rate than those in greater than or equal to 3 sites. MER did not enhance response rate, duration of response, or survival. Also MER did not diminish myelosuppression. PMID- 7226126 TI - Alterations in glycoproteins and lipids in azaserine-induced acinar cell carcinoma of rat pancreas. AB - Glycoproteins and lipids of rat pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas maintained in nude mice and in cell culture, were analyzed. The tumor contained significantly elevated levels of glycoproteins when compared with their normal counterparts. SDS-PAGE of tumor glycoproteins revealed that there were increased amounts of small molecular weight glycoproteins and the tumor also contained a 51,000 dalton glycoprotein which was not detected in the pancreas, liver or the sera of the control animals. The tumor in nude mice and cancer cells in culture had decreased lecithins and triglycerides, and increased amounts of free fatty acids, and both free and esterified cholesterols. The results indicate that altered glycoprotein and lipid compositions represent some of the characteristic features of the acinar cell carcinoma. PMID- 7226127 TI - Cell culture tumor promotion experiments with saccharin, phorbol myristate acetate and several common food materials. AB - The BALB/c-3T3 cell neoplastic transformation system was modified to examine the tumor promoting activity of a set of substances. Following initiation of the target cells with 3-methylcholanthrene, treatment of the cultures with phorbol myristate acetate (0.01 microgram/ml; 1.5 X 10(-8) M) during the remainder of the 4-week assay interval resulted in a marked increase in both spontaneous and initiated Type III transformed foci. In contrast, a similar treatment with saccharin at 20, 100 or 500 microgram/ml (0.08, 0.4 or 2.1 X 10(-3) M) did not influence the occurrence of Type III transformed foci and did not result in a promoting response. Sodium ascorbate (2.53 X 10(-3) M) and L-tryptophan (2.45 X 10(-3) M) almost completely inhibited both spontaneous and initiated Type III transformed foci. Calcium pantothenate (2.10 X 10(-3) M) exhibited a marginal promoting effect. Under the conditions of this study in which the classical tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate was highly active in promoting Type III transformed foci, saccharin was not active as either a direct transforming or promoting agent at doses up to 5 orders of magnitude higher. PMID- 7226128 TI - Hepatic vitamin A status of rats during feeding of the hepatocarcinogen 2 aminoanthraquinone. AB - Dietary administration of the dyestuff intermediate 2-aminoanthraquinone (AAQ) at a 2% level for periods of 2, 4, 8 or 12 weeks decreased the total liver vitamin A significantly (P less than 0.001) at all time periods in both male and female rats, compared to controls and pair-fed controls, respectively. A decrease in the body weights of AAQ-fed rats was much more pronounced in the females than male rats. PMID- 7226129 TI - Serum CEA levels in a human colonic adenocarcinoma (LOVO) xenograft system. AB - The relationship between tumor size and circulating CEA titers was examined for a human colonic adenocarcinoma xenografted in Balb/C athymic mice. Xenograft material was derived from line LoVo, which produces moderate amounts of CEA, both in vitro and in vivo. No correlation was found between tumor size and serum CEA levels. PMID- 7226130 TI - Inhibition by zinc of hepatic lysosomal release of beta-glucuronidase induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). AB - The tumor promoter, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), elicited a significant increase in lysosomal membrane permeability, as measured by release of free beta glucurnidase, in guinea pig and hamster isolated hepatic lysosomes in vitro. This response was antagonized by zinc sulfate; zinc compounds having previously been shown to inhibit tumor growth at multiple sites in several species. Since phorbol ester tumor promotion is likely associated in part with actions on cellular membrane systems, its inhibition by zinc may relate to the membrane stabilizing activity of zinc compounds. PMID- 7226131 TI - Analysis of intracellular distribution and binding of benzo[alpha]pyrene in human diploid fibroblasts. AB - Previous work with low passage synchronized human foreskin fibroblast cell populations has indicated that benzo[alpha]pyrene (BP) can induce a carcinogenic event [3]. BP additionally has shown to damage DNA in log-arithmically growing low passage cultures [9]. High passage cells, on the other hand, seem to be refractory to transformation by BP, even though this agent can induce DNA damage, similar to that seen in low passage cells. When low passage cells were treated with BP, the initial binding of the hydrocarbon was primarily to a cytoplasmic protein complex of molecular weight 12,500 while in high passage cells, a major portion of BP was bound to protein complex of molecular weight 200,000. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles of ethyl acetate extractable fractions from the BP-cytoplasmic protein complexes of low and high passage cells demonstrated that the majority of the BP remained unmetabolized. When nuclei were isolated from low and high passage cells prior to the HPLC analysis, the major component (90%) was again unmetabolized BP. The results suggest selective attachment of BP to different cytoplasmic protein complexes of logarithmically growing human diploid fibroblast cells dependent on the passage level of the cells. PMID- 7226132 TI - Effects of tumor promoters and extracellular calcium on the growth of normal, transformed and temperature sensitive rat liver epithelial cells. AB - We have compared the effect of extracellular Ca2+ concentration and of phorbol ester tumor promoters on the growth of normal rat liver epithelial cells, a chemically transformed derivative of these cells and a mutant of the latter cells that is temperature sensitive in the expression of transformation. The normal K16 or K22 cells grew considerably better in 1.25 mM Ca2+ than in 0.01 mM Ca2+, whereas their transformed counterpart, W8, grew equally well in 1.25 and 0.01 mM Ca2+. The temperature-sensitive mutant TS 223 exhibited an intermediate phenotype. When grown at either 36 degrees C or 39.5 degrees C, these cells were less Ca2+ dependent than K16 or K22 cells; but they were more Ca2+ dependent than W8 cells. The phorbol ester tumor promoters TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate), PDD (phorbol-12, 13-didecanoate) and PDB (phorbol-12,13-dibenzoate) enhanced the growth of K16 or K22 cells in 0.01 mM Ca2+. On the other hand, the same agents markedly inhibited the growth of W8 and TS 223 cells, at 36 degrees C and 39.5 degrees C, in both low (0.01 mM0 and normal (1.25 mM) Ca2+ concentrations. Two structurally related diterpenes which lack tumor promoting activity on mouse skin, phorbol and 4 alpha PDD, did not alter the growth properties of any of these cell lines, at either low or normal Ca2+ concentrations. Our results indicate, therefore, differences in the responses between normal and transformed rat liver epithelial cells to growth control by extracellular Ca2+ and tumor promoters. PMID- 7226133 TI - Induction of DNA repair by some selenium compounds. AB - Selenium compounds were found to induce DNA repair synthesis as a measure of DNA damage in both the isolated rat liver cell system and by Ames' Salmonella assay. In liver cells, DNA repair measured by uptake of [3H]thymidine was found to be greater with sodium selenite and selenate than with selenomethionine. In the bacterial culture system, selenomethionine inhibited the repair-deficient variant more than the selenite and selenate. These in vitro test systems have been used to indicate that selenium has a DNA-damaging potential. PMID- 7226134 TI - A simple method for exact intratracheal instillation in small laboratory rodents. AB - An accurate, simple and quick method for instillation of substances into the respiratory tract of small rodents is reported. This new method is compared with conventional techniques. PMID- 7226135 TI - Lifespan carcinogenicity tests with native carrageenan in rats and hamsters. AB - Native carrageenan (Gelcarin), a widely used food additive, was tested for carcinogenicity in MRC rats and Syrian golden hamsters through lifespan studies. Three groups of 30 males and 30 females from these species received carrageenan at dose levels of either 5%, 2.5% or 0.5% in the diet daily for the animal's lifespan. A trend toward an increased incidence of benign mammary tumors in females and testicular neoplasms in males occurred at the median dose level (2.5%); however, the incidence of these tumors was not statistically significant. Hamsters did not develop neoplasms in response to treatment at any dose levels. From the results of this experiment, carrageenan demonstrated no carcinogenic effects in either species. PMID- 7226136 TI - Inhibitory effect of hemin on the mutagenic activities of carcinogens. AB - An inhibitory effect of hemin on mutagenicities of a range of carcinogens was found by adding hemin to the preincubation mixture of the Ames' test. Strong inhibitions were observed for benzo[alpha]pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene, 7,10 dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene, chrysene, 2-acetylaminofluorene, 2-nitrofluorene and aflatoxin B1. Generally, 50% inhibition was caused by an amount of hemin 1--2 equivalents to the mutagen. Excess of hemin caused complete inhibitions. Hemin did not affect the mutagenicities of 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide, 4 nitroquinoline-1-oxide, nitromin, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine, N-nitrosodi-n-butyl-amine, quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide and carbadox. Biliverdin, bilirubin and chlorophyllin were also effective as inhibitors for the mutagenicity of benzo[alpha]pyrene. PMID- 7226137 TI - Mutagenicity of some fluoro-derivatives of benzo[alpha]pyrene. AB - Benzo[alpha]pyrene (BP) and its 4 fluoroderivatives substituted at positions 7(BP 7F), 8(BP-8F), 9(BP-9F) and 10 (BP-10F) were mutagenic in strains TA98 and TA1538 of Salmonella typhimurium, when tested in the presence of liver S-9 or microsomes from Aroclor or 3MC-treated rats. While the presence of fluorine at position 10 resulted in some reduction in mutagenicity, several-fold increase in mutagenicity occurred when fluorine was substituted at position 8. Our data suggests additional involvement of other metabolites in the mutagenicity of BP. PMID- 7226138 TI - High dose estrogen response of the hormone independent R3327-At Copenhagen rat prostatic tumor. AB - In studies with the hormone independent R3327-At prostatic tumor, relatively high doses of estrogen were inhibitory to the growth of the R3327-At rat prostatic tumor were observed. It was further observed that although tumor growth was inhibited, an increase in the [3H]thymidine labelling of the DNA of the tumor cells of the estrogen treated group relative to the castrate control was apparent. PMID- 7226139 TI - Establishment of a cloned line of Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells adapted to cell culture. AB - A cloned line of cells adapted to culture has been isolated from the Lewis Lung Carcinoma and has been designated the Lewis lung carcinoma line 1 (LLC1). It grows as a monolayer culture in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 2% fetal calf serum with a plating efficiency of about 94% and a doubling time of 21 h. LLC1 cells remain highly tumorigenic in C57B1 mice and produce primary tumors and lung metastases histologically indistinguishable from the original tumor line. The doubling time for a subcutaneous tumor derived from LLC1 cells was 23 h for a tumor mass of about 0.1 g and 40 h for a tumor mass of about 1 g. The cell line forms discrete colonies on a plastic substrate and can be used in a focus assay to determine drug induced cytotoxicity. Results with a number of chemotherapeutic agents are reported; in general, sensitivity measured in vitro does not correspond with published reports of sensitivity of the Lewis Lung carcinoma in vivo. PMID- 7226140 TI - Induction of colon tumors by a single oral dose of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - Male Fischer rats were treated at 7 weeks of age with a single oral dose of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (35 mg/kg). After 1.5 years, the 14 control and 28 treated animals were killed for general autopsy. The incidence of tumor formation in the treated animals was 78.6% as compared to 0% for the control animals. All tumors (1--3/rat) were located in the colon, with the exception of one in the Zymbal's gland of the ear and one in the small intestine. The dosage of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine used in this study is the lowest single oral dose of this carcinogen reported to induce colon tumors. PMID- 7226141 TI - The antiblastogram. AB - The antiblastogram allows the specific determination within a few days of the effect of single and combined chemotherapeutic agents upon the cells of a given tumor, informing about their action, summation, antagonism and synergism. It permits to evaluate the activity of both hydrosoluble and liposoluble products, giving information about the possible activation or inactivation of chemotherapeutic agents by different substances and subcellular fractions. PMID- 7226142 TI - Synergistic effect on morphological transformation of hamster embryo cells by nickel sulphate and benz[a]pyrene. AB - Morphological transformation and induction of somatic mutation in the hamster embryo cell bioassay have been used to study whether the carcinogenicity of nickel is affected by polycyclic hydrocarbons. The transformation frequency was found to increase with increasing concentration of nickel sulphate, benz[a]pyrene (BP) and methylcholanthrene. In experiments with combinations of nickel sulphate and BP, the transformation frequencies used for all concentrations were higher than for compounds tested separately. The greatest enhancement was found using 5 micrograms/ml NiSO4 . 6H2O and 0.78 microgram/ml BP. The transformation frequency obtained with this combination was 10.7%, compared to 0.5% and 0.6% for the individual substances. No synergistic effect could be detected between nickel sulphate and methylcholanthrene (MC). In experiments measuring somatic mutation by selection for ouabain resistance, the mutation frequency was likewise found to be significantly higher than expected in mixtures of nickel sulphate and BP. The present demonstration of the synergistic effect between nickel sulphate and BP is of interest with the potentiating effect of cigarette smoking on development of lung cancer among nickel refinery workers. PMID- 7226143 TI - Peroxidase activity in the rat Zymbal gland and its possible role in the metabolic activation of aminostilbenes in the target tissue. AB - Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) activity is detected in the rat Zymbal gland, which is the target organ of trans-4-dimethylaminostilbene (trans-DAS) carcinogenicity. Measurements of peroxidase activity in ovariectomized rats show that the enzyme activity is lowered in the uterus and Zymbal gland by trans-DAS treatment and in the lungs by diethylstilboestrol (DES) treatment. In an in vitro system containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP), hydrogen peroxide and calf-thymus DNA, irreversible binding of the 3H-labelled trans-DAS metabolites 3-hydroxy-, 4' hydroxy-, and N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminostilbene to DNA is observed. The peroxidase activity in the Zymbal gland together with the HRP-catalyzed oxidation of trans DAS metabolites suggest a possible role for peroxidase in the organ-specific metabolic activation of trans-DAS. PMID- 7226144 TI - Epoxide hydratase and glutathione S-transferase activities in human lungs. AB - It has been reported human lung has cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase activity which is necessary for the formation of mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzo[a]pyrene. We now report epoxide hydratase and glutathione S-transferase, enzymes important in the further metabolism of certain benzo[a]pyrene metabolites formed by the monooxygenase system, have been detected in human lung tissues from patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer. PMID- 7226145 TI - Relationship between gangliosides and doubling times in cultured human brain and brain tumor cells. AB - Cells cultured in vitro from normal human white matter and 3 individual brain tumors exhibited the following population doubling times: cells from normal human white matter, 64 +/- 22 h, glioblastoma multiforme, 43 +/- 11 h; malignant astrocytoma, 98 +/- 19 h; and anaplastic oligodendroglioma, 81 +/- 24 h. Cells were seeded at subconfluent density, pulse-labelled for 24 h with the ganglioside precursor D-[1-14C]glucosamine and harvested. Radioactive patterns of extracted gangliosides showed that incorporation of label into disialoganglioside was significantly higher in the samples with longer population doubling times than in samples with shorter population doubling times. These findings suggest gangliosides may play a role in regulation of cell growth. PMID- 7226146 TI - Consideration of the evidence for mechanisms of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene metabolism, including new identification of its dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid metabolites in mice. AB - Data derived from studies with vinylidene chloride (1,1-dichloroethylene)and 1,1,2-trichloroethylene suggest that similar mutagenic and tumorogenic properties in mice may be attributable to rearrangement of the 2 haloalkene-derived haloepoxides, respectively, into chloroacetyl chloride and dichloroacetyl chloride. On the other hand, the relative harmlessness of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene in rats and man is due to alternative rearrangement of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene oxide into chloral and the further products of its metabolism. The identification in mice of the new 1,1,2-trichloroethylene metabolite, dichloroacetic acid (in addition to trichloroacetic acid) strongly supports this supposition. The small proportion of dichloroacetic acid in relation to the large proportion of trichloroacetic acid in the urine of the treated mice is consistent with a spill over model that is now tentatively proposed for 1,1,2-trichloroethylene metabolism in these animals. PMID- 7226147 TI - Dose response of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and methylazoxymethanol acetate in the F 344 rat. AB - Weanling male and female F 344 rats were given various doses of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) or methylazoxymethyl acetate (MAMAc), and were then held for 46-64 weeks in an effort to determine a dose response and establish a dose level which would produce a low level of intestinal neoplasia with a minimal number of tumors in other organs. DMH proved superior to MAM in this respect, although liver lesions were still observed with both compounds at the lowest carcinogenic intestinal dose. PMID- 7226148 TI - Specificity of mouse liver cytosolic epoxide hydrolase for K-region epoxides derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AB - Mouse liver cytosol epoxide hydrolase, known to be very active for certain alkene oxides, had a specific activity which was 2.1-, 11- and 160-fold lower than that of the microsomal epoxide hydrolase for the arene oxides 7 methylbenz[a]anthracene 5,6-oxide, benz[a]anthracene 5,6-oxide and phenanthrene 9,10-oxide, respectively. For benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide no activity (less than 10 pmol product/mg protein/min) of cytoplasmic epoxide hydrolase was detectable. The specific activity of cytoplasmic epoxide hydrolase was much lower for all K region epoxides investigated, compared to trans-stilbene oxide used as a positive control and for which a new assay is described. It is concluded from these rates combined with the fact that these lipophilic K-region epoxides are expected to stay preferentially at membranous sites where they are generated, that cytoplasmic epoxide hydrolase plays a minor role for their transformation compared to membrane-bound hydrolase. The data also show that for the substrates investigated the epoxide hydrolase activities in the cytoplasmic and microsomal fractions are complementary to some extent, but there is no quantitative inverse relationship. PMID- 7226149 TI - Formation of mutagens in cooked foods. III. Isolation of a potent mutagen from beef. AB - The major mutagenic component of fried beef has been isolated using a series of chromatographic steps. The pure compound has been analyzed by low and high resolution mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the molecular weight of this extremely mutagenic compound is 198, with an elemental composition of C11H10N4. The compound is different from the known mutagenic pyrolysis products of amino acids or proteins. PMID- 7226151 TI - A 2 year oral carcinogenicity study with cadmium on rats. AB - A longterm 2-year feeding study on cadmium using CdCl2 . 1H2O has been performed on Wistar-rats. The tested Cd2+-dietary levels were 1, 3, 10 and 50 ppm, respectively. Fifty male and 50 female rats were used for each of the levels. Hundred rats of each sex served as controls. No effects occurred on food intake and survival rate at any dietary level. Growth was unchanged up to 10 ppm whereas 50 ppm resulted in lower weight gain in males only. Histopathological evaluation of a large variety of tissues revealed a number of tumours. Cadmium administered orally was not associated with an increased incidence of total numbers of tumours or of any specific type of neoplasia, although the highest level tested resulted in adverse effects. PMID- 7226150 TI - Induction of 8-azaguanine or ouabain resistant somatic mutation of Chinese hamster lung cells by treatment with tryptophan products. AB - The basic fraction of tryptophan pyrolysis products (TBF) showed strong mutagenic activity on somatic cells of the lung of Chinese hamsters. In this somatic mutation test, TBF was demonstrated to have 5.6 times higher mutagenicity than diethylnitrosamine (DEN) when mutants were selected with 8-azaguanine, and 13.5 fold higher mutagenicity than DEN when mutants were selected with ouabain. From these findings, it is suggested that pyrolyzates of amino acids may have mutagenic actions on somatic cells of animals, as well as carcinogenic actions. PMID- 7226152 TI - Retention of promutagenic O6-ethylguanine in the DNA of various rat tissues following transplacental inoculation with ethylnitrosourea. AB - Pregnant Fischer rats at their 20th day of gestation were inoculated intravenously with [14C]ENU (75 mg/kg). The O6-ethylguanine content of liver, kidney, and brain DNA from both fetuses (offspring) and adults were quantitatively determined 3 h and 7 days after carcinogen treatment. Removal of O6-ethylguanine from the DNA of brain (target) was much slower than from liver (non-target) and kidney (low-target). Retention of O6-ethylguanine was found to be relatively similar in adult and fetal brains, although 100% of the offspring transplacentally exposed to 75 mg/kg ENU were shown to develop tumors of the nervous system, whereas the inoculated pregnant dams did not. PMID- 7226153 TI - Cytocidal effect of alpha-methylornithine, a competitive inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, on ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vivo. AB - The antiproliferative effect of alpha-methylornithine, an inhibitor of the initial and rate-limiting step in polyamine biosynthesis, was studied on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells grown in vivo. To assess drug-induced cell lethality, the loss of 125I from mice harboring 5-[125I] iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled mouse tumor cells was determined during the course of alpha-methylornithine treatment. Mice that received the drug showed a significant increase in their rate of 125I excretion as compared to controls. This suggests that alpha-methylornithine kills an additional fraction of tumor cells beyond the fraction normally dying. PMID- 7226154 TI - Covalent binding of chloroform metabolites to nuclear proteins - no evidence for binding to nucleic acids. AB - No evidence was found for covalent binding of CHCl3 metabolites to male Sprague Dawley rats or strain A/J male mice liver DNA or RNA under different experimental conditions including phenobarbital or 3-methyl-cholanthrene or diethylmaleate treatments or multiple CHCl3 injections. In addition, no binding to DNA was observed when DNA was exposed to CHCl3 in incubation mixtures containing microsomes and NADPH or when tissue slices were incubated with CHCl3. In contrast, nuclear histone and non-histone proteins bound to CHCl3 metabolites. PMID- 7226155 TI - Binding of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate to cultured myoblasts. AB - The tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) binds in a rapid (maximal at 30 min), reversible, and non-saturable manner to cultured embryonic chick myoblasts. Serum was not required for binding although it promoted the release of PMA from the cells. This appears to be due to PMA binding to serum proteins. At any concentration tested, approx. 10% of the total PMA was bound at 5 min and 30% was bound at 30 min. It is estimated that a PMA concentration in the cell membrane of only 1 molecule of PMA/5000 molecules of membrane lipid elicits maximal biological responses in these cells. PMID- 7226156 TI - Evidence for a defective mitochondrial membrane in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon adenocarcinoma in rat: enhanced lipid peroxidation potential in vitro. AB - Enhanced lipid peroxidation potential was measured in Holtzman rat colon tumors induced by chronic subcutaneous injection of 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine as compared with normal colonic tissue. The peroxidation potentials were determined in the mitochondrial cellular components by measuring the ferrous-ascorbate induced formation of malondialdehyde. The tumor mitochondria were found to peroxidize at a rate 8-10-fold higher than the comparable normal tissue components. In addition, we found that the mitochondria from the cancer cells exhibited reduced NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity. These observations suggest an involvement of non-enzymatic free radical flux in DMH-induced carcinogenesis, which may be the result of structurally altered mitochondrial membranes. PMID- 7226157 TI - The hematopoietic protective effect of bacterial endotoxin prior to nitrogen mustard in the mouse and dog. AB - Bacterial endotoxin was given to mice 24 h before nitrogen mustard (HN2). Total nucleated cells and peroxidase positive cells/humerus were significantly higher during the recovery phase in endotoxin-treated mice compared to controls given HN2 alone. Endotoxin was also given prior to HN2 in dogs, and a suggestive hematopoietic protective effect was found. PMID- 7226158 TI - Comparative study of the carcinogenic effect of BHP and BAP on NMRI mice. AB - The carcinogenic effects of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (BHP) and N-bis(2 acetoxypropyl)nitrosamine (BAP) were studied in NMRI mice treated subcutaneously once weekly for life. The highest incidences of tumours were found in the lung (73-100%), in the liver (67-100%) and nasal cavity (0-33%) in both sexes of mice. Data were similar in animals treated with BHP or BAP. These tumours were adenomas, adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas (nasal cavity and lung) as well as hemangio-endotheliomas and hemangioendotheliosarcomas (liver). The lung tumours were found in the control mice (27-50%) 20 weeks later than in the experimental animals. The rate of malignant neoplasms rose with increasing survival and decreasing dose levels. PMID- 7226159 TI - New drugs in ovarian cancer and malignant melanoma: in vitro phase II screening with the human tumor stem cell assay. AB - The successful development of a soft agar clonogenic assay for human tumor stem cells provides an in vitro technique with a high degree of accuracy for predicting in vivo clinical response to standard anticancer drugs. We used this system to conduct an "in vitro phase II trial" in human ovarian cancer and melanoma. This approach can potentially identify active phase I--II drugs suitable for treatment of given tumor types for specific patients and eliminates the need to subject patients (who would be predicted not to respond) to toxic side effects. In vitro sensitivity for new agents was operationally defined as at least a 70% reduction of tumor colony-forming units (TCFU) at concentrations which are readily achievable pharmacologically. The new agents AMSA and vindesine (as well as vinblastine) appeared to have activity in melanoma, while PALA and thymidine were inactive. Pentamethylmelamine, mitomycin C, methyl-GAG, and AMSA were relatively ineffective in ovarian cancer. Vinblastine and vindesine had definite activity. The human tumor stem cell assay may thus provide the basis for a useful alternative to the current clinical phase II testing approach for identifying antitumor activity of new agents. Validation of this concept with correlative in vitro and in vivo phase II trials of new agents in patients with tumor types predicted to be sensitive is clearly warranted. PMID- 7226160 TI - Disposition of 5-methyltetrahydrohomofolate and methotrexate in rats. AB - The pharmacologic disposition of [methyl-14C]5-methyltetrahydrohomofolate (MTHHF) and [3H]methotrexate (MTX) has been studied in rats after iv doses of 25 mg/kg. Thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography were used to separate the parent compounds from possible products. In rat serum, levels of MTHHF decreased with half-lives of 7 and 55 mins; for MTX, the corresponding values of half-lives were 14 and 54 mins. No metabolites of MTHHF or MTX were found in the samples assayed. At 3, 6, and 24 hrs after administration of MTHHF or MTX, liver, kidney, and small intestine contained concentrations of the drugs greater than those in serum. In rats with cannulated bile ducts, 16% of 60% of the doses of MTHHF and MTX, respectively, were excreted in the bile within 4 hrs. In 24 hrs, 51% of the dose of MTHHF and 41% of the dose of MTX were excreted in the urine of rats without bile cannulas. During the same time, fecal excretion accounted for 21% of the dose of MTHHF and 17% of the dose of MTX. The data indicate that enterohepatic circulation is probably extensive for MTX but less so for MTHHF. PMID- 7226161 TI - Biochemical and pharmacologic study of therapeutic synergism with cyclophosphamide plus methotrexate in murine L1210 leukemia. AB - The combination of cyclosphosphamide (CP) plus methotrexate (MTX) was found to be therapeutically synergistic against the L1210 ascites tumor. After inoculation with 1 x 10(6) L1210 cells to (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 mice, ip administration of CP (200 mg/kg on Day 5) plus MTX (15 mg/kg on Days 5, 7, 9, and 11) resulted in a significant increase in mean lifespan, compared to optimal treatment with either CP or MTX alone. The contribution of the single, simultaneous dose of CP plus MTX on Day 5 to therapeutic synergism was examined. The combination of CP plus MTX on Day 5 produced a greater decrease in tumor cell numbers than either drug alone. Measurements of the time course of inhibition and recovery of 3H-deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA showed that within 48 hours, recovery of DNA synthesis in small intestine and bone marrow was almost complete after either CP, MTX, or CP plus MTX. In contrast, tumor, which had recovered within 48 hours after MTX, still remained greater than 90% inhibited after eight CP or CP plus MTX. Measurements of bone marrow nucleated cellularity after therapy showed that the single, simultaneous dose of CP plus MTX was no more toxic to bone marrow than CP alone, although it was more toxic than MTX alone. No alterations in the distribution of either MTX or alkylating metabolites of CP could be detected in tumor or normal tissues when CP and MTX were administered simultaneously. PMID- 7226162 TI - Phase II evaluation of metoprine in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 7226163 TI - Ethinyl estradiol and medroxyprogesterone treatment in advanced breast cancer: a pilot study. AB - Twenty patients with disseminated breast cancer unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy and chemohormonotherapy were treated with an alternating sequential schedule of ethinyl estradiol and medroxyprogesterone on the basis of correlations between hormones and estrogen and progestin receptors. Of 19 evaluable patients, six underwent partial or complete remission, while five others showed minor responses. PMID- 7226164 TI - Tolerance to single-dose dactinomycin in combination chemotherapy for solid tumors. AB - We have reviewed our experience using single-dose dactinomycin (Act D). Twenty nine patients with Ewing's sarcoma or rhabdomyosarcoma received 114 courses of Act D (2 mg/m2) in combination with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, or DTIC with or without radiotherapy. Side effects included nausea and vomiting (100% of the courses), severe thrombocytopenia (16%), granulocytopenia (18%), and mucositis (25%). In addition, skin reactions were observed in 74% of the courses following concomitant radiotherapy. These results were compared with those following 152 courses of combination chemotherapy which contained doxorubicin in place of Act D and which were administered to these same patients. It is concluded that single bolus Act D is no more toxic, is at least as effective, and is more conveniently administered than the traditional divided daily dose of Act D. PMID- 7226165 TI - Uptake of melphalan by human ovarian carcinoma cells and its relationship to the amino acid content of ascitic fluid. AB - Melphalan uptake by human ovarian carcinoma cells obtained from patients with clinically documented disease was significantly reduced by ascitic fluid. Examination of the ascitic fluid revealed physiologic concentrations of a number of amino acids, notably leucine (100-150 microM) and glutamine (500-600 microM). These two amino acids, when used at concentrations found in the ascitic fluid, significantly reduced melphalan uptake to levels which approximated those obtained with ascitic fluid. The possible effect of high concentrations of these amino acids on melphalan therapy for this neoplasm is discussed with particular reference to the model melphalan transport system in the murine L1210 leukemia cell. Specific emphasis is placed on the rationale for combining melphalan with arginine and a glutamine-depleting enzyme. PMID- 7226166 TI - Phase II study of cyclophosphamide and cytarabine in the treatment of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. PMID- 7226167 TI - Phase I--II trial of methyl-GAG in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal adenocarcinoma. AB - Methyl-GAG, a polyamine synthesis inhibitor, was prospectively evaluated in the treatment of advanced renal adenocarcinoma. Twenty-five patients with measurable disease received methyl-GAG weekly at a starting dose of 500 mg/m2 iv, with dose escalation by 50 mg/m2/week (maximum dose, 825). All 25 patients are evaluable for response. Four of these patients (16%) achieved responses including three partial responses and one complete response, with a median duration of 9 weeks (range, 4--15). Nine patients (36%) remained stable and 12 (48%) had progressive disease. In the four responders, regression of disease occurred within the first 4 weeks of therapy. Toxic effects were generally mild and included nausea or vomiting (68%), myalgia (44%), mucositis (40%), neuralgia (40%), weight loss (32%), diarrhea (24%), skin rash (8%), leukopenia (8%), and genital ulcers (4%). We conclude that methyl-GAG has clear, albeit limited, activity against renal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7226168 TI - Cardiomyopathy and other chronic toxic effects induced in rabbits by doxorubicin and possible prevention by coenzyme Q10. AB - Cumulative dose-dependent toxic effects, particularly cardiomyopathy, induced by doxorubicin and the possible prevention by coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) were studied in rabbits. In rabbits given doxorubicin alone, there was considerable body weight loss, alopecia, pancytopenia, significant increase in serum creatine phosphokinase and LDH, and ECG changes characterized by tachycardia, flat and inverted T wave, the premature ventricular contractions. In rabbits given doxorubicin plus CoQ10, the only change was pancytopenia. In rabbits treated with doxorubicin alone, the most prominent histologic changes were observed in mitochondria of myocytes, and these changes were characterized by loss of outer membrane, disarrangement of cristae, and formation of numerous concentric lamellae. In addition to mitochondrial changes, there were numerous vacuolizations and extensive depositions of both electron-dense and membranous laminated bodies in the sarcoplasm and disarrangement of Z-band and filamentous changes of myofibrils. Numerous vacuolizations in the capillary endothelial cytoplasm in the myocardium were also conspicuous. On the other hand, few significant morphologic changes were seen in the nuclei of myocytes. There were few ECG and histopathologic changes in rabbits treated with both doxorubicin and CoQ10. These findings suggest that the cardiomyopathy of doxorubicin may be prevented or is at least inhibited by CoQ10. The mechanisms of both doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy and its prevention by CoQ10 are discussed. PMID- 7226169 TI - Thymidine 5'-O-pivaloate: evidence for prodrug action in the rat and rhesus monkey. AB - Thymidine (TdR) 5'-O-pivaloate was administered to rats and a rhesus monkey to assess its prodrug characteristics. Within 15 minutes after a 2000-mg/kg oral or sc bolus in rats, free TdR was detected in the serum of liquid chromatography. At 1 hour the TdR level reached a plateau of approximately 0.6 mM with oral administration and 0.1 mM with sc treatment. In the monkey experiment, radioactivity was detected in the serum 15 minutes after oral administration of 200 mg/kg of [3H]TdR 5'-O-pivaloate. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis showed that this consisted of unchanged ester as well as free TdR and thymine. The concentration of intact ester reached a peak value of 5.4 microM after 40 minutes, before declining to a steady level of 0.9--1.0 microM over the next 6 hours. Serum [3H]TdR and [3H]thymine followed a similar course, except that both remained in the range of 1.0--1.2 microM for as long as 24 hours. Total recovery of radioactivity in the urine over the first 6 hours was 2.5% of the administered dose, will all compounds present in equal proportions. The results of these studies are consistent with absorption of intact pivaloate ester from the stomach, followed by gradual cleavage to TdR and catabolism of TdR to thymine and subsequent products. With a single oral dose of ester, it was possible to achieve, and maintain for up to 24 hours, a level (1 microM) of free TdR in the serum which has previously been found to protect normal tissues during high-dose methotrexate therapy. PMID- 7226171 TI - Beta-blockade and ischaemic injury: effects of partial agonist activity. AB - In this study we have attempted: firstly to assess the extent to which the presence of partial agonist activity in a beta-blocking compound and/or sympathetic drive, influence ischaemic injury, and secondly to determine if any of the observed differences are due to changes in contractile activity. In the isolated, globally ischaemic (low flow) rat heart, oxprenolol (which possesses partial agonist activity) did not reduce creatine kinase leakage to the same extent as propranolol (no partial agonist activity) regardless of the background level of catecholamine drive. However, increasing background catecholamine drive increased the relative protection against enzyme leakage, of both beta-blockers. Under conditions of zero contractile activity (high K+ - medium) neither beta blocker reduced enzyme leakage. Thus at equi-blocking doses oxprenolol and propranolol reduce enzyme leakage to different extents and the lesser protection afforded by oxprenolol is likely to be attributed to the presence of partial agonist activity. In addition, the reduction in enzyme leakage caused by both these compounds is due to reductions in contractile activity. PMID- 7226170 TI - Agarose-linked xanthosine: a biospecific resin for guanine aminohydrolase. AB - Polymer-bound xanthosine (4) has been prepared. Condensation of xanthosine with ethyl 4-oxovalerate and saponification of the product gave 2',3'-O-[1-(2 carboxyethyl)ethylidene] xanthosine. The latter was coupled to 6 aminohexylagarose through its carboxylic group, to yield the polymer 4. The content of bound ligand was 8 mumol/g of moist gel, a value that agrees with the number of free amino groups determined by the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid assay before coupling. Immobilised xanthosine was used as a biospecific resin (inhibitor resin) for guanine aminohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.3), to separate the enzyme from a mixture containing adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4). PMID- 7226172 TI - Transient depolarisation and action potential alterations following mechanical changes in isolated myocardium. AB - The effects of induced changes in muscle length on the action potential of frog ventricular strips and cat papillary muscle have been studied. When the frog preparation was stretched near the onset of contraction, the action potential duration shortened whereas a stretch during peak activity produced minimal change. Action potentials of cat papillary muscle do not alter with stretch at any time. By contrast, release of both preparations at a time when tension was near its peak, prolonged repolarisation or produced a transient depolarisation. The ECG changes corroborated the action potential changes. The release produced a deactivation of contraction which correlated with the transient depolarisation when the contraction and potential were expressed as ratios of the undisturbed measurements. Possible explanations for the results are discussed in terms of active and passive mechanisms that can relate to mechanical and electrical phenomena simultaneously. The mechanically induced transient depolarisations are clinically relevant, for regional ischaemia produces electrical and mechanical inhomogeneities which would cause contraction-excitation feedback interactions and thus electrophysiological abnormalities. PMID- 7226173 TI - Electrophysiological and mechanical effects of contrast media on isolated rat atria. AB - Cardiac complications caused by contrast media may occur during angiocardiography. The present study on spontaneously beating and electrically stimulated isolated rat atrial preparations investigated the direct effects on the myocardium of four different contrast media. A low-osmolar non-ionic compound, metrizamide, was compared with three ionic contrast media having different cation compositions: meglumine-Na-Ca metrizoate, meglumine-Na diatrizoate and meglumine iothalamate. The ionic contrast media at an organ bath concentration of 30 mg I.cm-3 produced a striking shortening of the effective refractory period. In addition, they reduced the spontaneous rate of contractions, prolonged sinus node recovery time and decreased excitability. Meglumine-Na diatrizoate and meglumine iothalamate induced great reductions in contractile force and "force-rate" product. Metrizamide influenced both the electrical and mechanical activities of the isolated rat atrial preparations to a smaller extent than the three ionic contrast media. The present study demonstrated direct arrhythmogenic and cardiodepressive effects of commonly used ionic contrast media. The low-osmolar non-ionic medium, metrizamide, appears to have lower cardiotoxicity than the ionic contrast media. PMID- 7226174 TI - Attenuation of myocardial acidosis by propranolol during ischaemic arrest and reperfusion: evidence with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to ascertain whether propranolol could reduce the development of myocardial acidosis during periods of ischaemic arrest and were studied. Cardiac pH progressively declined during ischaemia from a normal 6.97 +/- 0.02 (n = 23) to 6.09 +/- 0.04 or 5.96 +/- 0.04, respectively. Normalisation of pH following reperfusion occurred only in the 35 min ischaemic hearts. Propranolol (1 mg. litre-1) given prior to arrest significantly reduced the magnitude of developing acidosis regardless of the length of ischaemia. Furthermore, it aided in the normalisation of intramyocardial pH upon reperfusion in both groups. Propranolol significantly reduced the magnitude of phosphocreatine (PCr loss normally seen during ischaemic arrest alone, but it did not protect against depletion of ATP. Restoration of PCr reperfusion was virtually complete in all cases, while transient increases in ATP were seen only in those hearts protected by propranolol. In summary, this NMR study demonstrated the first direct evidence that a significant component of the myocardial acidosis caused by global ischaemia and arrest can be blocked by propranolol. PMID- 7226175 TI - Electrophysiological effects of alprenolol on depressed canine myocardium. AB - The electrophysiological effects of the beta-adrenergic antagonist, alprenolol, were compared in normal and depressed canine myocardium. Both (+) and (+/-) alprenolol (5 x 10(-6) and 10(-5) mol.litre-1) decreased action potential amplitude and Vmax in Purkinje fibres superfused with Tyrode's solution in tissue bath. These concentrations shortened action potential duration and effective refractory period of Purkinje fibres but prolonged those of ventricular muscle. Alprenolol more markedly decreased Vmax and sometimes prevented action potential propagation in Purkinje fibres overlying infarcted regions. Similar depressant actions were noted in Purkinje fibres depolarised by exposure to 9 mmol.litre-1 K+. Depolarised and diseased myocardium is more sensitive to alprenolol and the drug's membrane depressant actions may be significant in terminating arrhythmias in such tissue. PMID- 7226176 TI - Cell sodium and the induction of myocardial injury after adrenaline. AB - Accumulation of calcium in cardiac cells during catecholamine induced injury is considered a major pathogenetic factor but its mechanism has not been defined. During initiation of injury in an intact canine model, cell sodium was enhanced fourfold in myocardium after a local infusion of epinephrine via the left anterior descending coronary artery for a 60 min period. Tissue calcium was enhanced and a major role for the Na-Ca carrier system is suggested. Regional myocardial function, blood flow and electrocardiogram responses to toxic levels of the catecholamine have been contrasted with ischaemic injury. PMID- 7226177 TI - Infarct distribution in subhuman primates after acute coronary occlusion. AB - The extent of epicardial, endocardial and septal infarct was determined in 24 monkeys and five baboons 1 week after acute left anterior descending or diagonal branch coronary artery ligation. All 24 Macaca cynmologous monkeys had non dominant left anterior descending coronary arteries. A snare ligature was placed just distal to the first diagonal branch for varying time periods (1, 2, 4, and 6 h followed by reperfusion or left in place permanently). In five baboons a chronic ligature was placed around a diagonal branch. All animals lived and were killed a week later. Histological mapping and planimetry of serial cross-sections were employed to quantify the extent and distribution of the infarct. All infarcts were transmural. The extent of epicardial infarct was significantly greater than the extent of endocardial infarct for 2 h ligations (3.5 +/- 0.87% of the left ventricle versus 2.4 +/- 0.58% of the left ventricle, P less than 0.05), the chronic left anterior descending coronary artery ligations (5.4 +/- 1.06% of the left ventricle versus 4.5 +/- 0.92% of the left ventricle, P less than 0.05 and for the chronic diagonal branch ligations (4.06 +/- 0.66% of the right ventricle + left ventricle versus 2.64 +/- 0.51+ of the right ventricle + left ventricle, P less than 0.02). It is evident, however, that the magnitude of this epicardial preponderance was not great and that, in general, the infarcts were transmural and rectangular in configuration. PMID- 7226178 TI - Postnatal development of the pig heart. AB - The small amount of data concerning the normal postnatal development of the pig heart has prompted us to study and quantify these changes from birth to the sixth month of postnatal life. The method used consisted of separation of the various cardiac components. Their individual weights are assessed, and width and length of both ventricles were determined. The free wall myocardial thickness of both ventricles was also measured. Major differences in the growth pattern of the ventricles were clearly shown. At birth the free will of the left ventricle was already thicker than that of the right ventricle. This difference became more accentuated with growth. Similar findings in terms of mass were found, but the difference between the two free walls was reduced. There was disproportionate postnatal growth in favour of the left ventricle in all measurements taken except length. The right ventricle was longer in the newborn period. PMID- 7226180 TI - [Present-day problems of surgical treatment for female breast cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7226179 TI - [The character of mitral blood flow in tumour of the left atrium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7226181 TI - [Temporary cardiostimulation in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7226182 TI - [Postnatal development of thoracic aorta - changes conditional upon pathological haemodynamics in children with congenital heart defects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7226183 TI - [The concept of health and disease as a philosophical problem]. PMID- 7226184 TI - [Percutaneous transthoracic lung needle biopsy in well-defined pulmonary lesions. A comparative study of two different techniques (author's transl)]. PMID- 7226185 TI - [Plasma lipids in simple obesity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7226186 TI - [HDL lipids in men with obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7226187 TI - [Postoperative changes in haemostasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7226189 TI - S-100 antigen in satellite cells of the adrenal medulla and the superior cervical ganglion of the rat. An immunochemical and immunocytochemical study. AB - Measurable amounts of the nervous-system specific S-100 protein were detected by microcomplement fixation assay both in the superior cervical ganglion and in the adrenal medulla of adult rats, though at a significantly higher concentration in the ganglion. By the unlabeled antibody PAP method, the antigen was localized at the ultrastructural level in the Schwann cells and in the satellite cells of the ganglion, but not in neurons. Similarly, the protein was found in the Schwann cells of the adrenal medulla, but not in the chromaffin cells. Moreover, the S 100 immunolabeling allowed detection of a class of "satellite" cells closely enveloping the chromaffin cells. In the labeled cells of both organs the reaction product was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasmic matrix as well as in the nucleoplasm. The presence of the S-100 antigen in the satellite cells of the sympathetic ganglion and in "satellite" cells of the adrenal medulla suggests a possible homology for the two cell types, and one could hypothesize the presence in peptide hormone-secreting endocrine organs of glia-like cells exhibiting functional relationships with the secretory cells comparable to those of the glial cells with the neurons. PMID- 7226188 TI - The effect of colchicine on the intracellular transport of 3H-fucose-labelled glycoproteins in the absorptive cells of cultured human small-intestinal tissue. An autoradiographical and biochemical study. AB - The effect of colchicine on the intracellular transport of 3H-fucose-labelled glycoproteins in the absorptive cells of cultured biopsy specimens of the human intestine was investigated by light- and electron-microscopical autoradiography and by biochemical methods. The results showed a decrease in the radioactivity of the cell coat on the microvilli and an increase in the Golgi apparatus and in the apical vesicles and tubules. This divergence is attributed to a colchicine induced impairment of the normal transport of cell-coat glycoproteins from the Golgi apparatus, via the apical vesicles and tubules, to the apex of the cell. The radioactivity of the lysosome-like bodies in the absorptive cells cultured with colchicine also increased. This finding supports a crinophagic function of these organelles in the degradation of excess cell-coat material. PMID- 7226190 TI - The hypothalamic magnocellular system in the domestic fowl. A golgi and electron microscopic study. AB - In the rostral hypothalamus of the domestic fowl, the magnocellular neurosecretory nuclei show a peculiar differentiation. Golgi studies of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the fowl reveal at least two major cell types: 1) large multipolar neurons, and 2) small interneurons. Golgi impregnations provide a detailed cytoarchitectural picture of the large-sized cells; the latter may well correspond to the neurosecretory cells demonstrated in the same regions by selective staining, and immunocytochemical and electron microscopical techniques. Electron microscopically, neuronal perikarya are observed to contain variable amounts of neurosecretory granules (100-200 nm in diameter; mean diameter of 160 nm) scattered throughout the cytoplasm. The diameters of these granules do not differ statistically in the two principal nuclear areas examined. The perikarya of these neurons display only a few axosomatic synapses containing electron-lucent and dense-cored vesicles (70-90 nm in diameter). Numerous nerve terminals of this type also end on the dendritic ramifications in the surrounding neuropil. PMID- 7226191 TI - Hepatocyte differentiation during early fetal development in the rat. AB - Rat hepatocyte differentiation between day 12 and 19 of fetal life was studied by electron microscopy. The cytoplasmic structures involved in synthetic and secretory function, i.e., rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, appear to be the first to differentiate, and their development is probably related to the secretion of different kinds of plasma proteins. The cytoplasmic organelles involved in other hepatic functions develop later: lysosomes from day 15, peroxysomes, glycogen rosettes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum still later. However, the morphological differentiation of bile canaliculi begins from day 12. PMID- 7226192 TI - Germ cell kinetics in the neonatal rabbit testis. AB - Germ cells in the developing rabbit testis were found to undergo several distinct changes in the first two weeks after birth. Mitotic activity, which had been high in the late fetal period, reached a peak on the day before birth, then diminished steadily and ceased entirely after five days of age. Extensive germ cell degeneration occurred in the first week after birth resulting in accumulation of pools of degenerating germ cells in the central portions of the cells at various stages of preleptotene could be found in squash preparations. This corresponded to the time when germ cells in the rabbit ovary enter and proceed through meiotic prophase. There was no evidence of entry into leptotene or later stages of meiosis in the neonatal testis. The findings suggest that a similar stimulus for entry into meiosis may exist in both sexes, but a blockage occurs in the male. PMID- 7226193 TI - Tissue channel morphology in Octopus. AB - The morphology of tissue channels in muscle and neural tissues of Octopus was investigated, at the ultrastructural level, with a technique involving the precipitation of ferrocyanide ions. The numbers, sizes and conductivities of the channels were estimated from quantitative data. No evidence was gained to indicate that the low microvascular density in Octopus is coupled to an especially extensive network of extravascular channels. The tissue channel system in Octopus appears to be broadly comparable with the mammalian system; a lack of information prevents more appropriate comparisons with marine fishes. Probable functions of tissue channels in Octopus and mammals, and reasons for apparent similarities and differences in the channel organization of these divergent groups, are discussed. PMID- 7226194 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of larval development in the marine polychaete, Galeolaria caespitosa Lamarck (Serpulidae). AB - Gametes and developing larvae of the polychaete Galeolaria caespitosa were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The sperm display a primitive morphology. When treated with 0.33 M CaCl2, they release a branched acrosomal process. At spawning, the polygonal oocytes have a granular surface made up of spherules and the tips of microvilli. The oocyte coat develops a ridged appearance as the oocyte rounds up. At fertilization, the microvilli are withdrawn from the coat surface. Microvilli again appear on the coat surface during the trochophore stage, but the egg coat appears to be retained as the larval cuticle until the demersal stage. The surface of the larva now shows many microvilli. Details of the organization of several ciliary structures are clarified. Moreover, the present study shows rapid, sequential development of paired setal sacs, with the most anterior pair appearing first. PMID- 7226195 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of the liver of the monkey Macaca speciosa. I. Vascular system of the hepatic lobule. AB - The vasculature of the hepatic lobule of the monkey was investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The vessel walls of the portal and terminal hepatic (central) veins consist of a closed endothelium, a continuous basement membrane and a connective tissue layer. Sinusoids, however, show endothelia with typical fenestrations, and connective tissue fibres are only sparsely distributed in the space of Disse. Kupffer cells are present in the sinusoids, and occasionally in the terminal hepatic and sublobular veins, but are never present in the portal veins. They are characterized by a ruffled surface and special processes--filopodia and lamellipodia--which anchor them to the endothelial cells and also connect them with adjacent Kupffer cells. Flat branches of perisinusoidal cells, which encircle the endothelia, occur in the space of Disse, and are presumed to have a pericyte-like function. PMID- 7226196 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of the liver of the monkey Macaca speciosa. II. Intra- and extrahepatic biliary system. AB - The bile canalicular network of the monkey was studied by fracturing fixed liver tissue and examination by scanning electron microscopy. Bile canaliculi do not differ remarkably from those described in other species. Their course and luminal diameter vary, depending on their position in the liver lobule. In one specimen the continuity of a canaliculus with a terminal bile ductule (canal of Hering) is presented. Several constrictions occur in this part of the ductular lumen. The interlobular bile duct wall shows two kinds of niches. A single cilium arises from a primary niche. The walls of secondary niches contain numerous primary niches. Simple columnar epithelium lines the common bile duct, the main pancreatic duct and the Several constrictions occur in this part of the ductular lumen. The interlobular bile duct wall shows two kinds of niches. A single cilium arises from a primary niche. The walls of secondary niches contain numerous primary niches. Simple columnar epithelium lines the common bile duct, the main pancreatic duct and the Several constrictions occur in this part of the ductular lumen. The interlobular bile duct wall shows two kinds of niches. A single cilium arises from a primary niche. The walls of secondary niches contain numerous primary niches. Simple columnar epithelium lines the common bile duct, the main pancreatic duct and the gallbladder. A common feature is the presence of microplicae on their lateral cell surfaces. PMID- 7226197 TI - Specific paracrystalline structures of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the follicular (stellate) cells of the dog adenohypophysis. AB - The fine structure of follicular cells of the adenohypophysis was examined in fetal, neonatal, and adult beagle dogs. Prior to birth, undifferentiated follicular cells are common. At birth mature cells that form follicles are routinely encountered. The fine structural appearance of follicular cells is unchanged between birth and adulthood. Follicular cells of puppies and adults are, however, distinguished by the presence of unusual complexes within distended cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. These complexes vary greatly in morphology, some appear as a maze of interconnecting tubules while others show a highly organized paracrystalline configuration. The presence of these paracrystalloid structures in follicular cells supports the view that they represent a distinct pituitary cell type. PMID- 7226198 TI - Comparative study of the autonomic innervation of the mammalian ovary, with particular regard to the follicular system. AB - The autonomic innervation of the ovary was studied in 12 mammalian species utilizing the cholinesterase method in combination with pseudocholinesterase inhibition for the cholinergic component, and glyoxylic acid histochemistry together with fluorometric determination of noradrenaline for the adrenergic component. Ovaries from cow, sheep, cat, and guinea pig were very richly supplied with adrenergic nerves in the cortical stroma, particularly enclosing follicles in various stages of development. In the follicular wall the nerve terminals were located in the theca externa, where they ran parallel to the follicular surface. Numerous adrenergic terminals also surrounded ovarian blood vessels. The adrenergic innervation was of intermediary density in the human ovary and in the pig, dog, cat, and opossum. Ovaries from rabbit, mouse and hamster had a sparse adrenergic nerve supply. The amount of intraovarian adrenergic nerves agreed well with the tissue concentration of noradrenaline in the various species. The cholinergic innervation was generally less well developed, but had the same distribution as the adrenergic system around blood vessels and in the ovarian stroma, including follicular walls. PMID- 7226199 TI - Ultrastructural dynamics of exocytosis in the ovulation-neurohormone producing caudo-dorsal cells of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L.). AB - The ultrastructural dynamics of exocytosis in the ovulation-stimulating neurosecretory Caudo-Dorsal Cells (CDC) of the freshwater snail L. stagnalis were studied after incubation of cerebral ganglia in Ringer's solutions with different concentrations of K+ and Ca2+. Detection of exocytosis was facilitated by the use of the tannic acid-glutaraldehyde fixation method (TAGO-method). In control Ringer (low K+) the frequency of exocytosis was rather low. Exocytosis mainly occurred as "terminal" exocytosis (TE); "intracellular" (ICE) and, particularly, "multiple" exocytosis (ME) took place infrequently. Incubation in high K+ containing Ringer strongly increased exocytotic activity. Compared to the controls the total frequency of exocytosis was 50 X as high, whereas TE, ICE and ME occurred 6 X, 47 X, and more than 300 X as frequently, respectively. In high K+/Ca2+-free Ringer the total frequency of exocytosis was only 2 X as high as in control Ringer. It is concluded that TE, ICE, and ME are normal, Ca2+-dependent exocytotic phenomena. The significance of their dynamics in response to K+ stimulation is discussed. The extremely high frequency of exocytosis, as well as the presence of "unaltered granule contents in transit", is explained by assuming that an exocytotic event in the CDC lasts rather long, viz. some minutes. The results may reflect the physiological mechanism by which the CDC release their ovulation hormone. The possible involvement of "clear" and "large" electron lucent vesicles in membrane reuptake after exocytosis is considered. PMID- 7226200 TI - Induction by progesterone of a sexual dimorphism of estrogen uptake by anterior pituitary cells in situ. AB - The effects of progesterone pretreatment on in vivo 3H-estrogen uptake by five anterior pituitary cell types was analyzed by means of a quantitative autoradiographic-immunocytochemical technique. Male and female rats castrated for 14 days show nuclear concentration of label in all five cell types one h after injection of 3H-estradiol, whether progesterone treated or not. The order of labeling intensity is gonadotropes greater than or equal to lactotropes = somatotropes greater than thyrotropes = corticotropes. Progesterone treatment induces a dramatic sexual dimorphism in estrogen uptake; it significantly increases 3H-estrogen uptake in all female cell types. In males, progesterone decreases uptake in gonadotropes while not altering uptake in other cell types. PMID- 7226201 TI - Endocytosis in absorptive cells of cultured human small-intestinal tissue: horseradish peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, and ferritin as markers. AB - The occurrence of endocytotic mechanisms in human small-intestinal absorptive cells was investigated by culturing biopsy specimens in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), lactoperoxidase (LPO), and ferritin. The results indicate that both HRP and LPO entered the cells by apical endocytosis, after which they were transported via apical vesicles and tubules to the lysosome-like bodies. Ferritin, which showed a distinct affinity for the cell-coat glycoproteins, was not interiorized by the absorptive cells. These findings suggest that although human absorptive cells have an endocytotic mechanism, possibly fluid-phase endocytosis, cell-coat glycoproteins are not taken up by the cells, as indicated by the absence of ferritin in the apical vesicles and tubules, as well as the lysosome-like bodies. These findings provide indirect support for our hypothesis that the lysosome-like bodies have a function in the regulation of cell-coat glycoprotein transport via a crinophagic mechanism (fusion of apical vesicles and tubules with lysosome-like bodies) rather than via an exocytotic-endocytotic mechanism. PMID- 7226202 TI - Pineal complex of the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis Daud.: structure and function. AB - The morphological and physiological properties of the pineal complex of Xenopus laevis were investigated in larval, juvenile and adult animals. In a representative majority of adult X. laevis, the frontal organ does not display signs of degeneration. Fully differentiated frontal organs contain photoreceptors typical of the pineal complex of lower vertebrates. By means of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-reaction approximately 30 neurons of two different types were demonstrated in the frontal organ. The frontal-organ nerve is composed of approximately 10 myelinated and 40 unmyelinated nerve fibers. The neuropil areas of the frontal organ are generally similar to the corresponding structures of the intracranial epiphysis. The neuronal apparatus of the epiphysis cerebri of X. laevis consists of (i) photoreceptor cells, (ii) approximately 100 AChE positive neurons, (iii) complex neuropil areas, and (iv) a pineal tract formed by approximately 10 myelinated and approximately 100 unmyelinated nerve fibers. Some of them exhibit granular inclusions indicating that pinealopetal elements may enter the pineal complex of X. laevis via this pathway. The topography of the pineal tract of X. laevis differs considerably from that in ranid species. The most conspicuous element of the plexiform zones is the ribbon synapse. The basal processes of the photoreceptor cells may be presynaptic elements of simple, tangential, dyad or triad synaptic contacts. Conventional synapses were observed only occasionally. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that the pineal complex of Xenopus laevis is directly sensitive to light. In response to light stimuli, two types of responses, achromatic and chromatic, were recorded from the nerve of the frontal organ. In contrast, the epiphysis exhibited only achromatic units. The opposed color mechanism of the chromatic response showed a maximum sensitivity at approximately 360 nm for the inhibitory and at 520 nm for the excitatory event. The action spectrum of the achromatic response of the epiphysis and the frontal organ peaked between 500 and 520 nm and showed no Purkinje-shift during dark adaptation. The functional significance of these phenomena is discussed. PMID- 7226203 TI - Projections of the optic tectum and the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the tegu lizard (Tupinambis nigropunctatus). AB - Fibers undergoing Wallerian degeneration following tectal lesions were demonstrated with the Nauta and Fink-Heimer methods and traced to their termination. Four of the five distinct fiber paths originating in the optic tectum appear related to vision, while one is related to the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminus. The latter component of the tectal efferents distributes fibers to 1) the main sensory nucleus of the trigeminus, 2) the motor nucleus of the trigeminus, 3) the nucleus of tractus solitarius, and 4) the intermediate gray of the cervical spinal cord. The principal ascending bundle projects to the nucleus rotundus, three components of the ventral geniculate nucleus and the nucleus ventromedialis anterior ipsilaterally, before it crosses in the supraoptic commissure and terminates in the contralateral nucleus rotundus, ventral geniculate nucleus and a hitherto unnamed region dorsal to the nucleus of the posterior accessory optic tract. Fibers leaving the tectum dorso medially terminate in the posterodorsal nucleus ipsilaterally and the stratum griseum periventriculare of the contralateral tectum. The descending fiber paths terminate in medial reticular cell groups and the rostral spinal cord contralaterally and in the torus and the lateral reticular regions ipsilaterally. The ipsilateral fascicle also issues fibers to the magnocellular nucleus isthmi. PMID- 7226204 TI - Connections of the olfactory bulb in the piranha (Serrasalmus nattereri). AB - The connections of the olfactory bulb were studied in the piranha using the Nauta and horseradish-peroxidase methods. Three olfactory tracts project to seven terminal fields in the telencephalon and one in the diencephalon, all of them bilaterally. The contralateral olfactory bulb also receives a small input. All contralateral projections decussate in the anterior commissure and are relatively weak compared to the ipsilateral projections. HRP-containing cells were found in all of the ipsilateral telencephalic aggregates receiving an olfactory tract projection; the contralateral side was free of labeled cell bodies. Although only about one fourth of the entire telencephalon receives a direct olfactory input, the high degree of differentiation of the olfactory system suggests that the piranha depends substantially on the sense of olfaction and that this species may be a good model for further studies on olfactory mechanisms. PMID- 7226205 TI - The basement membrane of the insect and crustacean compound eye: definition, fine structure, and comparative morphology. AB - The basement membrane of the compound eye of four insect species and three crustacean species was investigated employing electron microscopy. The basement membrane consists of an extracellular (basal lamina) and a cellular portion, the latter being composed of the flattened terminal extensions of cone cells and accessory pigment cells in insects and distal pigment cells in crustaceans. Other cells can also contribute to the basement membrane. It is thus a complex structure in all well--developed compound eyes. The cellular contributions vary in different species and were found to correlate to specific taxonomic units. PMID- 7226206 TI - Autoradiographic assessment of 3H-proline uptake by osteoblasts following guanethidine-induced sympathectomy in the rat. AB - Sympathectomy was carried out in rats by injections of guanethidine-sulfate from birth to 14 days of age. At 45 days of age, the activity of osteoblastic cells was monitored by 3H-proline autoradiography. Effectiveness of sympathectomy was verified by light-microscopic examination of superior cervical and celiac ganglia. Grain counts over periosteal osteoblasts of the femoral diaphysis and osteoblasts mesial to the first molar in the mandible demonstrated a significant reduced uptake of 3H-proline in the sympathectomized rats. The data provide direct evidence of sympathetic influence on osteoblastic activity and suggest that sympathectomy may result in the loss of a trophic influence which is important in the regulation of osteogenesis. PMID- 7226207 TI - The effect of a liquid elemental diet on cell proliferation in the colon of rats. AB - A liquid elemental diet (Vivonex) was given to rats for 6 days while control animals received a normal diet. At the end of the experiment each animal received one intraperitoneal injection of tritiated thymidine at 8 a.m. Animals from each group were killed hourly during the first 24 h after the injection and the proliferative activity was studied by autoradiography of the mucosa of the colon using the labeled mitoses-wave method. The epithelial cell proliferation was significantly decreased in the colon of the Vivonex-fed animals. PMID- 7226208 TI - Immunohistochemical study of the postnatal development of pituitary thyrotrophs in the rat, with special reference to cluster formation. AB - The postnatal development of rat pituitary thyrotrophs was investigated immunohistochemically on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 25. Fetal thyrotrophs are strongly immunoreactive. In the postnatal period, however, weakly immunoreactive thyrotrophs increase in number to constitute clusters on days 3--5. The numbers and dimensions of the clusters reach a maximum on day 10. Thereafter the clusters break down to give rise to single, scattered neogenic thyrotrophs. Thyrotrophs in clusters on day 10 were investigated by electron microscopy in adjacent sections. They can be characterized as an immature type of basophil, according to the classification of Yoshimura et al. (1977): 1) Type I basophils, which are irregularly shaped with elongate processes, and characterized by rows of secretory granules about 100 nm in diameter. 2) Type I/II basophils, i.e., forms intermediate between Types I and II, containing less numerous secretory granules about 100--150 nm in diameter. Type II basophils which correspond to the classical thyrotrophs are not fully developed on day 10. Thus, most thyrotrophs develop from the clusters in the neonatal period. Such neogenic thyrotrophs retain the immature characteristics of Type I and I/II cells and may develop into Type II cells during subsequent maturation. PMID- 7226209 TI - Distribution and specific central projections of mechanoreceptors in the thorax and proximal leg joints of locusts. I. Morphology, location and innervation of internal proprioceptors of pro- and metathorax and their central projections. AB - The mechanoreceptive supply of ventral thoracic parts and proximal leg joints of the pro- and metathorax of two locust species has been studied with the help of a modification of the axonal infusion technique with cobaltous chloride, which permits staining of the peripheral nervous system of an entire segment. The number, location, and innervation of serially homologous chordotonal organs (CO), strand receptors (SR), multipolar sensilla (MS), hair plates (HP) and clustered campaniform sensilla (CS) are described, as well as population specific central projections of primary afferent fibers from internal receptors (CO, MS). CO projections tend to form intersegmental projections within the thoracic ganglia, the extent varying with the organ's location. Apart from dorso-lateral collaterals, they terminate mainly in the medioventral neuropile, where they also cross the longitudinal midline of the CNS. By contrast, MS projections stay ipsilateral and do not leave their ganglia, where they send collaterals into all levels of the neuropile. PMID- 7226210 TI - Distribution and specific central projections of mechanoreceptors in the thorax and proximal leg joints of locusts. II. The external mechanoreceptors: hair plates and tactile hairs. AB - Tactile hairs on the locust thorax can be divided into two classes by their external morphology and their central projection pattern: Short hairs, 10--100 micrometer in length, which are assembled in distinct plates and rows, and long hairs, 100--800 micrometer in length, which are distributed all over the body and are organized in large fields or aligned along the ridges of the appendages. The sensory fibers of the first class arborize in the lateral dorsal neuropile of thoracic ganglia and then extend further into the ipsilateral half of the corresponding ganglion in three main bundles from which fine rami of fibers end in the intermediate neuropile. In all three thoracic ganglia the projection pattern of homologous hair plates is similar. The sensory fibers of the second class exclusively terminate in special median ventral neuropiles, the ventral association center (VAC) and ventralmost ventral association center (VVAC). In addition fibers from meso- and metathoracic hairs, located close to the longitudinal midline of the animal, may terminate in the contralateral VAC and with one branch project to the next anterior ganglion through the ipsilateral connective. In contrast, fibers from prothoracic hairs were not found to leave their ganglion. PMID- 7226211 TI - Distribution and specific central projections of mechanoreceptors in the thorax and proximal leg joints of locusts. AB - Campaniform sensilla (CS) of the locust proximal leg segments are arranged predominantly as homologous groups on the trochantera and femora. Their number is reduced in the more specialized jumping legs. The specific projections of the primary afferent axons from single groups of CS are visualized after backfilling them with CoCl2 introduced through the dendritic area in the cuticle. The majority of central branching patterns reveal a high degree of uniformity if compared within a population, between populations of one segment, and between populations of different legs. All projections bifurcate close to the peripheral root of the leg nerve and are restricted to the ipsilateral hemiganglion of the segments. These projections seem to differ in their extent more or less from those campaniform sensilla in other parts of the locust and in other insects. PMID- 7226212 TI - Ascending spinal systems in the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum. AB - The ascending spinal systems in the nurse shark were studied after spinal hemisections by use of the Nauta and Fink-Heimer techniques. The dorsal funicular fibers form a single bundle issuing fibers to the gray substance of the spinal cord, the dorsal funicular nucleus, and the vestibular complex. Some dorsal funicular fibers also appear to contribute to the spinocerebellar tract. The degenerated lateral funicular fibers are segregated into three fasciculi issuing fibers medially as they ascend through the brainstem. The largest target of these fibers is the reticular formation, but diffusely organized axons also reach 1) the gray matter of the spinal cord, 2) the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, 3) the nucleus "A" of the medulla oblongata, 4) the central gray substance of the brainstem, 5) the cerebellar cortex, 6) the cerebellar nucleus, 7) the nucleus intercollicularis, 8) the mesencephalic tectum, and 9) the dorsal thalamus. At the latter site the spinal input appears to partly overlap with the visual input. The results, compared with the strikingly similar findings in other classes of vertebrates, indicate that all vertebrate groups apparently have the same basic components of ascending spinal projections. PMID- 7226213 TI - The fine structure of the compound eye of the African armyworm moth, Spodoptera exempta Walk. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). AB - The morphology of the compound eye of the noctuid moth Spodoptera exempta was investigated by electron microscopy. This eucone superposition eye is composed of about 8000 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is surrounded by six secondary pigment cells showing pigment movement according to the state of adaptation. It contains four crystalline cone cells forming together a crystalline cone and tract, two primary pigment cells, which encompass the crystalline cone, and usually eight retinula cells. On the basis of their rhabdomeric structure, three types of retinula cells can be distinguished. According to the structure of the rhabdom, two types of ommatidia are found in different regions of the eye. The rhabdom of the lobed type, providing more than 80% of ommatidia, is composed of V-shaped rhabdomeres with fanwise arranged microvilli. The rhabdom of the square type, found in a small area in the dorsal region of the eye, consists of triangular rhabdomeres with parallel microvilli. The functional significance of this difference is discussed. PMID- 7226214 TI - Disruption of insect photoreceptor membrane by divalent ions: dissimilar sensitivity of light- and dark-adapted mosquito rhabdomeres. AB - The conditions that lead to the formation of myelin figures in rhabdomere microvilli were studied in the larval ocelli of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. These artifacts can result from the addition of divalent ions, such as Ca2+, to primary aldehyde fixatives, but they form subsequently during postfixation with OsO4. In light-adapted ocelli, myelin figures are concentrated at the proximal ends of the microvilli along the cytoplasmic margin of the rhabdomere. The severity of the artifact is proportional to the ion concentration: scattered myelin whorls are induced by Ca2+ concentrations as low as 5 mM; they become abundant at 15 mM to 25 mM, and displace much of the rhabdomere margin at 50 mM. In contrast, even at high concentrations of Ca2+ few membrane whorls form in dark-adapted rhabdomeres, and these are mostly located at the distal ends of the microvilli. The differential response of the rhabdomere microvilli in light and darkness does not result from a direct action of light during fixation; it reflects an underlying difference between light- and dark-adapted photoreceptor membranes. We suggest that this differential sensitivity to divalent ions is associated with the shedding of membranes from the rhabdomere, a process that is enhanced by light and reduced in darkness. PMID- 7226216 TI - Bar synapses in the end buds of lamprey skin. AB - The end buds of lamprey epidermis have been considered to be similar to taste buds, but the synapses on the receptor cells are of the type with a dense mass surrounded by lucent vesicles, which is not found in gustatory cells. It is suggested that the end buds may belong to the lateralis sensory system and be involved in the light sensitivity of lamprey skin. PMID- 7226215 TI - Sex-dependent changes in the rat kidney after hypophysectomy. AB - Renal changes following hypophysectomy are investigated. Particular attention is given to sex differences in the ultrastructure of proximal tubule cells and in protein excretion. Regardless of gender, hypophysectomy is followed by an increase in urine volume. However, there is a concomitant reduction of proteinuria, which is much more pronounced in males than in females. Partial hypophysectomy with anterior pituitary function preserved also leads to increased urine excretion, but does not alter proteinuria. In both sexes there is a reduction of the tubule circumference, which again is more pronounced in males thereby moderating the sex difference. The proximal tubule cells display a segment- and sex-independent reduction in surface area, a decrease of Golgi areas and reduction of ribosomes. Mitochondrial changes (condensation of cristae) selectively affect the S3 segment. The changes in the lysosomes and microbodies are segment- and sex-dependent. The volume density of microbodies in the S3 segment increases considerably, particularly in females. The volume density of lysosomes undergoes an increase in the S1 cells of the males and a decrease in the S2 cells. In the females the volume density of these organelles shows little change in these tubule segments; a sex-dependent difference is not longer apparent in the S1 and S2 segments. By contrast, in S3, there is an increase in the volume density of lysosomes in both sexes. The present study confirms a connection between the morphology of lysosomes in the proximal tubule and proteinuria. The findings also point to a possible involvement of male sex hormones in the reabsorption of protein in the renal proximal tubule. PMID- 7226217 TI - Arachnid oenocytes: ecdysone synthesis in the legs of harvestmen (Opilionidae). AB - Cells measuring up to 130 microns have been found in the proximal segments of the femora of all four pairs of walking legs in various species of harvestmen (Phalangium opilio, Leiobonum limbatum, Opilio parietinus, and Opilio ravennae). These cells exhibit all the fine-structural characteristics of insect oenocytes, in particular the conspicuous agranular endoplasmic reticulum. Radioimmunoassay after in vitro incubation of these cells has demonstrated the synthesis of alpha- and beta-ecdysone. These ecdysteroids have been found in the ovaries and tergites of the opisthosoma as well as in the oenocytes. PMID- 7226218 TI - Report of an unusual case of foreign body in the oesophagus. PMID- 7226219 TI - A preliminary study on the mycotic diseases of man in Zimbabwe. PMID- 7226220 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation as a possible cause of death in severe measles. PMID- 7226221 TI - Pasteurella multocida meningitis: a case report. PMID- 7226222 TI - Pruritus ani: its toilet. PMID- 7226223 TI - Acute swelling or parotid gland with rapid subsidence. PMID- 7226224 TI - Speculations on RNA splicing. PMID- 7226225 TI - The binding of a transcription factor to deletion mutants of a 5S ribosomal RNA gene. AB - A transcription factor binds specifically to a region within the 5S ribosomal RNA gene that is known to be required for accurate initiation of transcription of the gene. We have confirmed the significance of this interaction by comparing various deletion mutants for their ability to initiate transcription and to bind the protein. Loss of specific binding of the protein occurs when the gene is deleted beyond +83 from the 3' direction. This coincides exactly with the loss of ability to initiate transcription. In contrast, deletions entering the gene from the 5' direction and extending beyond the 5' border of the control region (+50/+55) give partial protection of the remainder of the control region. This observation can explain why deletions beyond the 5' border of the control region that are unable to initiate transcription can still compete for the transcription of the wild type 5S RNA gene. PMID- 7226226 TI - Transcriptional control in the production of liver-specific mRNAs. AB - cDNA clones complementary to liver mRNA were prepared and used to determine transcription rates of specific genes in isolated nuclei from liver, brain, and hepatoma cells. The cDNA sequences complementary to mRNA found only (or mainly) in the liver hybridize to labeled nuclear RNA only from liver nuclei. It appears that transcriptional events are primarily responsible for the synthesis of these, and perhaps most, tissue-specific moderately abundant mRNAs. PMID- 7226227 TI - Vitellogenin gene expression in male Xenopus hepatocytes during primary and secondary stimulation with estrogen in cell cultures. AB - Primary cultures of male Xenopus liver parenchymal cells that retained their competence to respond to estrogen were used to study the hormone-induced activation of the vitellogenin gene in vitro. The accumulation of vitellogenin mRNA in these cells was monitored by a quantitative diazotized paper disc hybridization procedure with a sensitivity of at least 6 pg of sequences complementary to the probe in total RNA samples of 10 micrograms. A short-term time-course analysis showed that vitellogenin mRNA was detectable within 3 hr of exposure to estrogen during primary stimulation, and that the maximum rate of accumulation was reached at 5--6 hr. A long-term time-course analysis of the accumulation of vitellogenin mRNA showed that it is possible to obtain a primary response, a hormone withdrawal effect and an enhanced secondary response in the same batch of cells in a manner analogous to that observed in vivo. Measurement of hormone concentration dependence showed a response at 10(-9) M estradiol, which continued to increase up to at least 10(-6) M estradiol. This requirement for large doses of estradiol for maximal response can be explained by the rapid metabolism of estradiol by the cultured cells. PMID- 7226229 TI - Protein organization in clathrin trimers. AB - We have prepared a homogeneous, soluble 8.6S species ("8.6S clathrin") from calf brain coated vesicles. Crosslinking experiments show that this 8.6S clathrin is composed of three heavy chains (molecular weight 180,000) and three light chains (molecular weights 33,000 and 36,000). Each heavy chain is in close contact with a single light chain, and the light chains appear not to be in contact with each other. Intact 8.6S clathrin can reassemble into cages without participation of additional protein species. PMID- 7226228 TI - Filamentous bacteriophage contract into hollow spherical particles upon exposure to a chloroform-water interface. AB - The bacteriophage M13 is a 1 micrometer long filament consisting of a circular single-stranded DNA loop firmly held within a tubular protein and capsid. We report here that exposure to a chloroform-water interface initiates a 20 fold contraction of each filament into a hollow protein sphere. In these 0.04 micrometer diameter particles, termed M13 "spheroids," two thirds of the DNA is apparently extruded through a hole in the wall of the spheroid; the portion of DNA remaining inside the shell centers about the origins of M13 DNA replication. These results suggest that the filament, upon exposure to a membrane environment, undergoes an ordered change whereby the DNA is released into the cell and the coat protein is changed to a form more easily solubilized by the membrane lipids. PMID- 7226230 TI - An extracellular chemical signal controlling phototactic behavior by D. discoideum slugs. AB - Developing cells of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum release a low molecular weight metabolite (Slug Turning Factor, STF) which, at high uniform concentrations, interferes with phototaxis and thermotaxis by D. discoideum slugs. D. discoideum slugs migrating in darkness are repelled by (exhibit negative chemotaxis to) crude STF exudates. Dose-response curves relating the accuracies of phototaxis and negative chemotaxis to STF concentration indicate that, in both phototaxis and chemotaxis, slugs "measure" the ratios of STF concentrations on their opposite sides. Net STF release is enhanced by light. We propose that light, focused onto the slug's distal side by its convex surface, generates a lateral STF gradient in response to which the slug turns toward the light source. PMID- 7226231 TI - Expression of SV40 T antigen under control of adenovirus promoters. AB - We have obtained novel adenovirus-SV40 recombinant viruses that express wild-type SV40 large T and small t antigens under the control of different adenovirus promoters. Hybrids were constructed in vitro with SV40 DNA that contains the entire early coding region but lacks the transcriptional promoter. Recombinants were isolated by a strong biological selection for viruses that express SV40 T antigen. Analysis of several recombinant genomes indicates that they contain the SV40 A gene inserted in a variety of positions and orientations in the adenoviral genome. Moreover, the set of hybrid transcripts reveals an unexpected variety of splicing patterns. Some hybrid mRNAs transcribed from the adenovirus late promoter appear to contain the adenovirus tripartite leader sequence. Other hybrid mRNAs were transcribed from adenovirus early promoters. All recombinant mRNAs contain intact SV40 early sequences that have normal splice patterns and produce wild-type T antigens. Biochemical characterization of SV40 T antigens overproduced by the hybrid viruses indicates that they are structurally indistinguishable from wild-type SV40 large T antigen and are functionally equivalent to the D2 protein. PMID- 7226232 TI - Changes in basic nuclear proteins during sperm maturation in Palaemon serratus (Crustacea Natantia). AB - The spermatozoa from the shrimp Palaemon serratus have been studied with respect to their morphological and biochemical characters. At the ultrastructural level the acrosomal vesicle of the nail-shaped spermatozoon displays a periodically striated bundle. This appearance seems to be characteristic for the Palaemonidae. The biochemical parameters of the chromatin, extracted from the spermatozoa, have been compared with those obtained from the testes and the hepatopancreas. The basic proteins of testes and sperm have been characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protamines appear to be absent in the sperm of P. serratus. On the contrary, histones with a somatic character remain present. Moreover, supplementary histone fractions have been identified. These proteins have been further studied after purification on Biogel P-100. Their amino acid composition shows similarities to that of the H2A and H2B histone and has a molecular weight of 15,500 +/- 300. PMID- 7226233 TI - Hybridization frequencies of Chinese hamster and mouse fibroblasts fused with polyethylene glycol at different cell densities. AB - We have determined the effect of parental cell concentration at the time of fusion with polyethylene glycol on the frequency of viable somatic hybrids and of polykaryocytes of different multiplicity, between Chinese hamster (line Wg3) and mouse (line 3TP) fibroblasts. Fusion appeared to be dictated by the random encounter of cells only at low cell concentrations. However, no evidence for species-specific restriction of fusion was obtained at any cell concentration. PMID- 7226234 TI - Graft-versus-Host reactions by NZB lymphoid cells exposed to major or minor histocompatibility antigens in irradiated adult mice. PMID- 7226235 TI - Relation between a spleen-derived immunosuppressive peptide and the immunoglobulin-binding factor. PMID- 7226236 TI - The cytotoxic activity of human natural killer cells requires an intact secretory apparatus. PMID- 7226237 TI - The major androgen-dependent protein in rat ventral prostate binds polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 7226238 TI - Crawling-like movements and polarisation in non-adherent leucocytes. AB - Leucocytes, in an appropriate medium, are polarized and show movements both when floating in suspension and when settled on, but not attached to, a substratum. These movements are similar to those performed during locomotion but significant active locomotion on a plain surface is invariably accompanied by adhesion to the substratum as detected by reflection contrast microscopy. The results suggest that the polarisation and crawling-type movements represent a fixed action pattern which is performed independently of adhesion to the substratum. PMID- 7226239 TI - The high mobility group proteins and transcribed nucleosomes. AB - Monomer nucleosomes released from nuclei during brief micrococcal nuclease digestions are enriched in transcribed sequences (Bloom and Anderson, 1978). These nucleosomes are depleted in H1 and enriched in three high mobility group proteins HMG14, HMG17 and another HMG-like protein. Analysis of such nucleosomes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveal that they are heterogenous. Similarly, monomer nucleosomes soluble in 0.1 M NaCl separate on polyacrylamide gels into mainly two types of particle, one of which has HMG14 and HMG17 bound. However, the DNA of the HMG-nucleosomes from chick erythrocytes is not enriched in globin sequences, suggesting that protein rearrangement may have occurred. PMID- 7226241 TI - Blue light as a medium to influence oscillatory contraction frequency in Physarum. AB - Blue light (496 nm; threshold intensity approximately 1500 Lux) induces a transient frequency decrease of oscillatory contraction automaticity in Physarum. Many, but not all specimens react by an increase in the force amplitude of longitudinal contraction. The spectral region of 496 nm provokes a photophobic response of the plasmodia. The blue light reaction of radial and longitudinal contraction activities decreases with increasing distance from the irradiated area. The light-induced decrease in frequency can be used for experimental phase shifting, e.g., when studying the nature and the pathway of signal transmission for the spatial phase synchronization of contractile activities. PMID- 7226240 TI - A transcriptionally enriched chromatin fraction released by a Mg++ -dependent endogenous nuclease from rat liver. AB - When rat liver nuclei are subjected to endogenous nuclease digestion in the presence of 5 mM Mg++, they release a chromatin fraction containing DNA of well defined fragment lengths and DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. The DNA is enriched 4.4-fold for sequences complementary to cDNA prepared to cytoplasmic poly-A containing RNA when compared with whole cell DNA. This method of obtaining a transcriptionally enriched chromatin fraction is compared with other reported nuclease methods. PMID- 7226242 TI - Resistance to caffeine of mouse fibroblasts after acquisition of an infinite division potential. AB - Mouse fibroblasts can easily become permanent cell lines when subcultivated in vitro. It has been previously questioned whether the cells that establish in culture originate in vitro or are already present in the primary culture. We have found that cells from the primary culture do not survive in the presence of caffeine but that after establishment the cells become resistant to the drug. The results suggest that the cells with an infinite growth potential are not present in the primary culture. PMID- 7226243 TI - [35S]-methionine labelled polypeptides from HELA cells. Coordinates and percentage of some major polypeptides. AB - A total of 1169 [35S]-methionine labelled polypeptides (855-acidic (IEF) and 314 basic (NEPHGE) from 100 asynchronous human HeLa cells have been separated using high resolution two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Beside numbering these spots, we give for the major polypeptides their coordinates (M.W. and relative mobility respect to beta-actin (IEF) or NEPHGE), and percentage of total protein label. A few major polypeptides have been identified. PMID- 7226244 TI - Myosin from rat newborn fast muscles contains the atrial myocardium LC1 light chain. PMID- 7226245 TI - Fine structure and morphogenesis of "headless" human spermatozoa associated with infertility. PMID- 7226246 TI - Configurations indicative of functional sites in spinach chloroplast DNA. AB - In a previous paper, it has been shown that the molecular specimen of chloroplast DNA from spinach was the highly organized complex of central knotted clusters of folded strands. Further detailed observations on the partial configurations in loose unravelled molecules have been made in present report. Replication eyes and forks were visualized in extended parts of DNA strands. Partial inside branches in folded loops and eccentrically arranged multiseriate loops with intermingled inside branches were observed as were processing of replication. The appearance of small circles by partial twisting of the DNA axis and their releasing off was indicative of the partial transfer of genes. Faint slender fibrils growing from the axis were probably interpretable to be the transcriptional sites in the chloroplast genome. PMID- 7226247 TI - Electron microscopic study of hemolysis: a proposal of formation of a weak structural region in the erythrocyte membrane. AB - Numerous theories have been advanced to explain the erythrocyte shape in terms of membrane structure. One of the most controversial points has been whether the erythrocyte membrane is a uniform shell. Electron microscopy studies of erythrocytes undergoing osmotic lysis show that the release of hemoglobin is confined to one large area, suggesting that this area is more fragile structurally than that of the rest of the surface membrane. Hypotheses are presented to explain the formation of structurally weak areas on the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7226248 TI - Some properties of polylysine-accessible DNA. AB - DNA regions in rat liver chromatin which are accessible to polylysine were isolated using three molecular weights of polylysine so as to overcome possible artefacts in measuring the DNA size. Sucrose gradient centrifugation showed a series of peaks or shoulders corresponding to sizes of 65, 110, 210, 370, 600 and 1,200 base pairs. Accessible DNA was enriched in and co-sedimented with rapidly synthesized RNA but the RNA was digestible by RNAase A, indicating that most of each RNA molecule was single-stranded (possibly hybridised to DNA at one end). The reassociation rate of accessible DNA was similar to that of whole DNA up to about Cot 50, but was slower at higher cost values. PMID- 7226249 TI - Routine growth of cell lines in medium supplemented with milk instead of serum. AB - Several cell lines can be grown in media, supplemented with milk instead of serum. To obtain a good plating efficiency the medium containing milk must be supplemented with calf serum at a final concentration of 0.5%. The milk must be centrifuged before use to get rid of the fat and cellular debris. Using these precautions several monolayer cell lines can be grown routinely in milk supplemented media, just as well as in serum supplemented media. The economic advantages of using milk instead of serum are considerable. PMID- 7226251 TI - The pathway of photosensory transduction in Physarum polycephalum. AB - Irradiation of the plasmodia of Physarum with blue and white light results in a transient change of theie oscillatory contraction frequency. This reaction to light decreases with increasing distance from the illuminated area (Block and Wohlfarth-Bottermann, 1981). The first local appearance of light response in non illuminated parts of the plasmodia was used to analyse the sensory pathway of the light stimulus modulating the contractile apparatus. Different experimental assays revealed that the direction of photosensory transduction is determined by the momentary direction of protoplasmic shuttle streaming. The endoplasmic flow carriers the signal responsible for photosensory transduction and light reaction to the force generating ectoplasmic tube. PMID- 7226250 TI - Unscheduled DNA synthesis in human diploid cells of different donor ages. AB - Human diploid fibroblast-like cells from two donor of widely different ages were tested for their ability to perform unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) after exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. Cultures were assayed at various times throughout their in vitro lifespans as both confluent and mitotically arrested populations. Cells from both donors maintained their ability to perform UDS throughout their lifespans with arrested populations exhibiting increased levels. The appearance of elevated levels of UDS in arrested cells was directly related to the age of the donor. These results indicate that the loss of ability to repair DNA damage is not a primary cause of in vitro senescence. They do suggest, however, that the regulation of DNA repair synthesis is effected by increasing age. PMID- 7226252 TI - Ionic currents traverse the slime mould physarum. AB - Self generated electric currents were studied in protoplasmic drops and small plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum with the aid of an extracellularly measuring vibrating electrode. Ionic currents up to 15 microamperemetercm-2 density were found to traverse the objects. In protoplasmic drops current always enters the numerous protrusions and leaves areas with a smooth surface. In monopodial plasmodia current enters the strand and leaves both the advancing front and the retracting end. This result points toward large changes in membrane arrangement or properties occurring during development of plasmodia from protoplasmic drops. PMID- 7226253 TI - Effect of serum concentration on the chromosome number of a rat liver epithelial cell line. AB - The dispersion of the chromosome number was studied in a rat liver cell line which was grown up to the 65th passage in our standard culture medium (Ham F10 containing 10% fetal calf and 10% adult human sera) and thereafter cultured in the same chemical medium supplemented with decreasing serum concentrations. Until the serum concentration changes, the parental cell line exhibited for several passages a very wide range of chromosome numbers, from 35 up to 83. This range narrowed down to 42 when the cells were passed in a 5% fetal calf serum medium. Then, after several passages in this 5% serum medium, when subculturing again in 20% serum, a second cell population, hypotetraploid, progressively appeared until a compound population, hypotetraploid, progressively appeared until a compound population reached a 45-80 bimodal state. Another sub-line grown in 1% fetal calf serum exhibited similar chromosome evolution but returned to a slight aneuploid state (43 chromosomes) in media supplemented with 20% serum of different types. PMID- 7226254 TI - Glycoprotein synthesis in colonic epithelial cells from rats. AB - Viable colonic epithelial cells from rats were isolated by a non-enzymatic procedure using EDTA. The isolated cells were fractionated by sedimentation through at 15% to 35% discontinuous Ficoll gradient to yield cells differing in proliferative capacity from three different density regions of the gradient. Glycoprotein synthesis of these fractionated cells was examined in terms of their ability to absorb and incorporate labeled glucosamine and fucose into trichloracetic acid precipitable material. Glycoprotein synthesis was highest among cells with intermediate densities, banding in the middle of the gradient (Fraction II). Cytomorphological examination showed that these cells were predominantly goblet type. PMID- 7226256 TI - [Canalis atrioventricularis communis persistens]. PMID- 7226255 TI - [Electronoptical aspects of bone fracture healing in rats]. PMID- 7226257 TI - [The heart conduction system in the canalis atrioventricularis communis]. PMID- 7226258 TI - [Double-outlet right ventricle. I. Morphological characteristics]. PMID- 7226259 TI - [Double-outlet right ventricle. II. Problems in differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7226260 TI - [Roentgen microanalysis of barium granuloma]. PMID- 7226261 TI - [Cholelithiasis in a monkey]. PMID- 7226262 TI - [A standard macrotome with variable thickness sectioning capability]. PMID- 7226263 TI - [Conditions for structural healing of leg fractures in rats]. PMID- 7226264 TI - [Diagnostic significance of spectrophotometry of cerebrospinal fluid in the neonatal period]. PMID- 7226265 TI - [Childhood appendicitis and its complications]. PMID- 7226266 TI - [Transcutaneous measurement of oxygen tension in newborns]. PMID- 7226267 TI - [Problems of sexual differentiation]. PMID- 7226268 TI - [The pediatrician in social care institutions for children and adolescents]. PMID- 7226269 TI - [Results of an analysis of therapeutic and preventive care in institutes for social welfare of mentally handicapped youths in a region of Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7226270 TI - [Therapeutic rehabilitation in pediatrics. Rehabilitation of respiratory diseases]. PMID- 7226271 TI - [Adverse effects of BCG vaccination]. PMID- 7226272 TI - [Ethics - a part of therapeutic and preventive care of children and adolescents]. PMID- 7226273 TI - [New approaches in the training of general pediatricians]. PMID- 7226274 TI - Heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenesis: 7H dibenzo[c,g]carbazole metabolism by microsomal enzymes from mouse and rat liver. AB - The metabolism of dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC), was studied in vitro using microsomal fractions of mouse and rat liver from animals, which were treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC). The separation of extractable metabolites by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) as well as identification of most of them by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and comparison with synthetically obtained products are described. The microsomes of both species produced the same twelve compounds of which the following have been identified: five monohydroxylated derivatives (phenols), the product of further oxidation of one of them, and a dihydrodiol. The 5-OH-DBC (60% including its spontaneously-formed dimer) and the 3-OH-DBC (14%) are the main metabolites. Three minor metabolites cochromatographed with synthetically prepared 2-OH-DBC, 4-OH-DBC and 6-OH-DBC. The dihydrodiol detectable in small quantity (4-6%) was tentatively identified as 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-DBC by the sensitivity of its formation to very low concentrations of the inhibitor of microsomal epoxide hydrolase, 1,1,1-trichloropropene oxide, by its molecular ion and major fragment in mass spectrometry and by its dehydration product 3-OH-DBC. No other dihydrodiols were detected. The qualitative and quantitative effects of various modulators of metabolism (enzyme inhibitors, apparently homogeneous epoxide hydrolase, glutathione, supernatant fraction) were investigated. The results are discussed with respect to possible ultimate carcinogens. PMID- 7226275 TI - [Effect of local anesthetics on the transport of mannose in the microsomal membranes of Aspergillus niger van Tieghem]. AB - The influence of various local anaesthetics has been studied on the mannose transfer enzymic system which is localized in Aspergillus niger van Tieghem microsomal membranes. The n-alkanes and tertiary amines do not seem to react on the first step of the reaction: i.e. the polyprenylphosphate-mannose biosynthesis. However two amines, the dibucaine and to a lesser extent the tetracaine, inhibit the mannose transfer from the polyprenylphosphate-mannose to the endogenous proteins. PMID- 7226276 TI - Relation of structural features to pyrrolic metabolites in livers of rats given pyrrolizidine alkaloids and derivatives. AB - Levels of pyrrolic metabolites have been measured in the livers of rats given some pyrrolizidine alkaloids and semisynthetic derivatives. Structural and chemical features favouring the formation of such metabolites have been defined. The most important of these were: steric hindrance or chemical properties giving resistance to ester hydrolysis; lipophilic character, allowing access to hepatic microsomal enzymes; a conformation favoring microsomal oxidation of the pyrroline ring in preference to N-oxidation. In addition, the presence of ester groups gave the resulting pyrroles high chemical reactivity, leading to tissue binding. Amounts of pyrroles bound to liver were very low when animals were given either highly water soluble pyrrolizidine derivatives, including non-esterified bases or more-lipophilic esters if these were easily hydrolysed. Compounds prone to hydrolysis gave increased pyrrole levels in rats pretreated to deplete their esterase activity. Whereas heliotridine-based alkaloids usually give more pyrrole than similar retronecine esters, heliotridine ditiglate gave less pyrrole than retronecine ditiglate because the former was more open to hydrolytic attack. Among the carboxylic diesters, the cyclic retronecine diesters, in which the pyrrolizidine nucleus is more exposed to oxidative metabolism, gave the highest pyrrole levels in rats. Liver pyrrole measurements are useful for studying relationships between molecular structure, metabolism and toxicity of pyrrolizidine derivatives. They can be used for screening alkaloids for potential toxicity and for assessing dose levels suitable for toxicity tests when limited material is available. PMID- 7226277 TI - Nuclear metabolism. II. Further studies on epoxide hydrolase activity. AB - Apparent Km- and Vmax-values of nuclear styrene 7,8-oxide hydrolase were determined at different protein concentrations. In the protein concentrations range used no significant differences in the apparent Km-values were observed. The influence of the incubation with different modifiers (i.e. SKF-525A, metyrapone, 1,2-epoxy-3,3,3 trichloropropane, cyclohexene oxide) at two different concentrations on this enzyme activity was also determined. Cyclohexene oxide and 1,2-epoxy-3,3,3-trichloropropane, two well known inhibitors of the microsomal epoxide hydrolase(s) caused a marked inhibition, metyrapone had a strong activating effect whereas SKF-525A had no effect. In vivo pretreatment with phenobarbital significantly induced the nuclear epoxide hydrolase whereas beta naphthoflavone caused a lower degree of induction. This pattern is quantitatively different but qualitatively very similar to the microsomal one. Moreover a toxifying to detoxifying enzymatic activity balance is attempted for the metabolization of the alkenic double bond of styrene, taking into account the ratio between the styrene monooxygenase (toxifying enzyme) and the styrene, 7,8 oxide hydrolase (detoxifying enzyme) after the above mentioned pretreatments, both in the microsomal and nuclear fractions. PMID- 7226278 TI - Pinocytic uptake of divinyl ether-maleic anhydride (pyran copolymer) and its failure to stimulate pinocytosis. AB - The effect of DIVEMA (pyran copolymer) and three DIVEMA derivatives on the pinocytic uptake of 125I-labeled PVP and colloidal 198Au by the rat visceral yolk sac and by rat peritoneal macrophages was studied in vitro. Contrary to expectations from some earlier data, there was no enhancement of pinocytosis and in some cases inhibition was seen. [14C]DIVEMA and 125I-labelled DIVEMA were accumulated rapidly by rat peritoneal macrophages, the results indicating that this is by an adsorptive pinocytic mechanism. PMID- 7226279 TI - The isolation and characterization of 3-(2-carboxyethyl)cytosine following in vitro reaction of beta-propiolactone with calf thymus DNA. AB - The new adduct 3-(2-carboxyethyl)cytosine (3-CEC) was isolated following in vitro reaction of the carcinogen beta-propiolactone (BPL) with calf thymus DNA. The structure of 3-CEC was confirmed by synthesis from BPL and dCyd. Reaction of BPL with cCyd (pH 7.0-7.5, 37 degrees C) gave 3-(2-carboxyethyl)deoxycytidine (3 CEdCyd) (9% yield) and 3,N4-bis(2-carboxyethyl)deoxycytidine (3,N4-BCEdCyd) (0.6% yield). 3-CEdCyd and 3,N4-BCEdCyd were hydrolyzed (1.5 N HCl, 100 degrees C, 2 h) to 3-CEC and 3,N4-bis(2-carboxyethyl)cytosine (3,N4-BCEC), respectively. The structure of 3-CEC was assigned on the basis of UV and NMR spectra and the electron impact (EI) mass spectra of 3-CEC and a tri-trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative of 3 CEC as well as deuterated (d27) tri-TMS derivative of 3-CEC. The structure of 3,N4-BCEC was assigned on the basis of UV spectra and the EI mass spectra of a tri-TMS derivative. Ei and isobutane chemical ionization mass spectra of 3-methylcytosine (3-MeCyt) and a di-TMs derivative of 3-MeCyt were obtained and were helpful in deducing the structures of 3-CEC and 3,N4-BCEC. This is the first report of the alkylation by BPL of an exocyclic atom on a base in DNA. Compound 3,N4-BCEC was not detected in BPL-reacted calf thymus DNA. The relative amounts of 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-adenine (1-CEA), 7-(2-carboxyethyl)guanine (7-CEG), 3-(2-carboxyethyl)-thymine (3-CET) and 3-CEC isolated from BPL-reacted DNA following perchloric acid hydrolysis were 0.23, 1.00, 0.39 and 0.41 respectively, when the alkylation reaction was conducted in phosphate buffer at 0 5 degrees C and pH 7.5 and 0.10, 1.00, 0.29 and 0.28 respectively when the reaction was conducted in H2O at 37b degrees C and pH 7.0-7.5. PMID- 7226281 TI - The abuse of legal drugs. Chemical dependence: behavioral and biomedical issues. PMID- 7226280 TI - Nicotine toxicity in chick vertebral chondrocytes in vitro. PMID- 7226282 TI - A study of phenmetrazine (Preludin) abuse. PMID- 7226284 TI - Distribution of opium coupons to addicts in Iran: policies and problems. PMID- 7226283 TI - Recent findings concerning inhalant use. AB - The main focus of this study is to present some historical information on inhalant use as well as to review certain findings from the last three decades concerning the "sniffing" of volatile hydrocarbons. Additionally, in order to examine some suggested hypotheses which have emerged from prior inhalant studies, an analysis of 248 inhalant users who were treated in the emergency room of Jackson Memorial Hospital for reactions to the use of volatile hydrocarbons during a five-year period is presented. These "sniffers" appear to include individuals older than those previously studied and members of a large minority group, to be predominantly Caucasian, and to use primarily a locally manufactured transmission fluid "sealer" known as Transmission-Go. PMID- 7226285 TI - Recommendations for demand reduction of amphetamines. PMID- 7226287 TI - Psychoactive drug use among overweight psychiatric patients: problems aspects of anorectic drugs. AB - The relationship between anorectic drug (stimulant) treatment and subsequent drug abuse in overweight individuals has often been discussed but seldom systematically studied. One hypothesis is that anorectic treatment promotes the likelihood of drug-abuse patterns. The present study involved a group of overweight psychiatric patients (n=91) who were compared on the basis of whether or not they had used anorectic drugs in the past year and also whether or not they were currently using any form of psychoactive drugs. It was found that the use of anorectic drugs was mainly associated with weight problems, such as dieting difficulties, but not with amount of overweight. Anorectic use and other weight-problem variables do not seem to be strongly related to the psychiatric patient's drug problems. PMID- 7226288 TI - Overdose reactions to Darvon. PMID- 7226289 TI - Darvon dependence: three case studies. AB - Several shared symptoms are evident among the subjects described here. First of all, each subject complained of feelings of depression, consistently and frequently. In other words, in each case, the subject described him/herself as "being depressed." The detailed examination of the case notes kept by the counselors who treated these individuals indicates a more specific symptomology associated with their depression. On a more specific level, each of the subjects expressed feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, despair, and self-destruction. In at least two of the cases, self-destructive feelings were translated into potentially suicidal actions. In addition, each of the three subjects experienced pronounced mood swings. Alternating between periods of deep depression (associated with stagnant or regressive behavior) and periods of relative optimism when at least temporary progress in therapy was evident. During these apparent periods of improvement, the subjects often related major plans of action intended to improve their lot, including new jobs, furthering their education, withdrawing entirely from drug use, patching up marital and family disorder, etc. In each case before these major improvements could be initiated, the subjects would relapse into depressed states and their plans would dissolve like so many fantasies. These cyclical mood swings and their accompanying polar manifestations would seem, superficially, indicative of a type of manic-depressive illness. It should be noted, however, that at no time did any of the subjects undergo thorough psychological testing. Such testing is planned for Subject B, who remains in treatment at this time. Each subject complained of experiencing acute anxiety attacks during his periods of depression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 7226290 TI - Acetaminophen as an aspirin substitute: is it safer? PMID- 7226291 TI - Studies on human prostatic acid phosphatase. III. The effects of alcohols on human erythrocyte acid phosphatase and on human prostatic acid phosphatase. PMID- 7226292 TI - A fluorophotometric determination of serum creatinine and creatine using a creatinineamidohydrolase-creatineamidinohydrolase-sarcosine oxidase-peroxidase system and diacetyldichlorofluorescin. PMID- 7226293 TI - Analytical studies on isoxazoles. II A new fluorimetric determination of 5-phenyl 3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid and its application to the determination of perisoxal in plasma. PMID- 7226294 TI - Structural investigation of new metabolites of amino-penicillins excreted in human urine. PMID- 7226295 TI - Synthesis and immunological effects of thymosin alpha 1 and its fragments on inhibitory factor in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7226296 TI - Synthesis and antibacterial activities of theanine-containing oligopeptides. PMID- 7226297 TI - Zinc metabolism in the liver of rats orally administered zinc sulfate. PMID- 7226298 TI - Effects of calcitonin and epinephrine on serum glucose concentration in rats. PMID- 7226299 TI - Synthesis and analgesic activity of morphine-7,8-oxide and heroin-7,8-oxide. PMID- 7226300 TI - [A case of choleretroperitoneum (clinical study)]. AB - The AA. report one case of "choleretroperitoneum". They discuss the techniques of diagnosis that they have used, outlining the importance of A.C.T. (Axial Computerizing Tomography) and of Transduodenoscopic Cliolangiography, that have permitted a preoperative diagnosis and an exact surgical treatment of this case. PMID- 7226301 TI - [Gastrin: review of current knowledge]. AB - The Authors review recent advances in understanding of the chemical composition and site of elaboration of gastrin; then they describe the physiological actions of the hormone and its connections with gastrointestinal pathology. They also discuss recently developed diagnostic procedures aiming at a more accurate clinical definition of hypergastrinism and hypogastrinism. PMID- 7226302 TI - [Vertical phlebography by puncture of the popliteal vein]. PMID- 7226303 TI - [Leiomyoma of the small intestine (presentation of a case)]. PMID- 7226304 TI - [Gastric lesions in closed abdominal injuries (considerations on 8 cases)]. AB - The Authors present 8 cases of traumatic lesions of the stomach, during the course of closed abdominal trauma, observed in the First Aid and Emergency Surgery Division of the Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, in the years 1970 1979. They take this as the starting point for a re-examination of the etiopathogenetic and anatomopathological data, and for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic considerations. PMID- 7226305 TI - [Prevention of pulmonary embolism in surgery: analysis of 2 clinical cases]. AB - After some short notices on the physiopathology of thrombosis, the AA. consider clinic, symptomatology and surgical therapy for prevention of pulmonary embolism. They outline that only a precocious operation and an exact diagnosis can help the patient who had had an embolism; in the end they report two cases, describing the operation and its indications. PMID- 7226306 TI - [Pure lipoma of the bronchus]. AB - The Authors report on a case of pure lipoma of the bronchus, one of the rarest of benign lung diseases. The article discusses the aetiopathogenesis of the lesion, still a source of debate among the various scholars, and its symptoms, which do not differ from those of other benign endobronchial lung diseases. PMID- 7226307 TI - [The Doppler method and varicose syndrome. Preliminary study]. PMID- 7226308 TI - [Actinic lesions of the ileum]. AB - After an examination of the literature regarding the causes of lesions from rays, their most frequent sites, the diagnostic difficulties and the various types of treatment, the paper draws attention to the increase in such lesions in relation to the use of megavoltages, and the advisability of exploratory laparotomy in previously irradiated subjects even in cases apparently labelled as neoplastic relapses. PMID- 7226309 TI - [Biliary peritonitis "without perforation"]. PMID- 7226310 TI - [Hemoperitoneum caused by spontaneous rupture of a cyst mesosigmoid]. PMID- 7226311 TI - [Fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of breast lesions]. AB - A series of 250 patients operated on for lesions of the breast with previous aspiration biopsy is presented. Cytological and histologic findings are correlated and diagnostic validity of the cytodiagnostic method is expressed in terms of sensitivity, which is 0,937 and specificity, which is 1,007. The comparison of the diagnostic validity with other diagnostic methods shows the greatest value for cytodiagnostic in this series. The utility of the introduction of cytodiagnostics in the mass screening projects for delection of breast cancer is indicated. PMID- 7226312 TI - [Urinary incontinence: clinco-diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. AB - Consideration is given to the problem of urinary incontinence within the framework of the wider syndrome defined as "perimenopausal cystopathy". The physiopathological factors are analysed and the clinicodiagnostic and therapeutic problems defined. The Authors then report data of their own cases. PMID- 7226313 TI - ["Patch" angioplasty]. PMID- 7226314 TI - [Long-term supervision of patients treated with simple suturing of perforated duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7226315 TI - [Congenital postero-lateral diaphragmatic hernia in adults: pathogenetic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 7226316 TI - [Surgical treatment of gastric cancer. New experimental reconstructive technic after total gastrectomy]. AB - The Authors deal the always present problem of a proper reconstruction of the digestive tract after total gastrectomy operations for gastric cancer. The Authors, then, describe a experimental operation, after having dealth with the considerations concerning the symptomatic consequences that usual different kind of operations cause upon patients. That operation has been experimented upon animals, and consists in a neo-stomach. In this reconstruction they interpose a tract of jejunum loop between oesophagus and duodenum. The jejunum loop must be lengthwise dissected, twisted and sutured in such away as to obtain a new structure that will be last anatomically similar to a stomach. The Authors hope that this new technique might be successfully applied upon man sometime in the future. PMID- 7226317 TI - [Echinococcosis of the gallbladder: pathogenetic considerations]. PMID- 7226318 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the gastric stump (etiopathogenetic and clinico-therapeutic considerations)]. PMID- 7226319 TI - [Crohn disease: considerations on a case with jejuno-duodenal localization]. PMID- 7226320 TI - [Thrombolysis with streptokinase in thrombophlebitis of the extremities. Report of 20 cases]. PMID- 7226321 TI - [Emergency surgical treatment of spontaneous internal fistulas of the digestive tract]. AB - The Authors report 16 cases of gastrointestinal fistulas which have been observed during the last 5 years in the Emergency Surgery Division of Milan's Fatebenefratelli Hospital. We have considered only the cases of fistulas between two hollow abdominal organs and which have occurred spontaneously, following local pathology (cholelithiasis, neoplasms, abscesses etc.) and not from iatrogenic causes. Of these 16 patients, all surgically treated, 9 were female and 7 male, their age ranging from 24 to 77 years (average: 58 years). The medium post-operative period was of 11 days; the overall mortality was of 2 patients (12,5 per cent). These, having presented at surgery a serious stercoraceous peritonitis, died of septic shock. PMID- 7226322 TI - [Treatment of fistulized pilonidal sinuses by phenol injection]. PMID- 7226323 TI - [Malignant gastric lymphomas]. AB - Primary malignant lymphomas of the stomach are the most frequent non-epithelial neoplasms of this organ (3%). Their onset and their development are insidious and a proved diagnosis is established only by laparatomy and biopsy specimens. In the absence of proved distant spread, surgical treatment in conjunction with radiation therapy and chemotherapy, gives very good results, with a five years survival rate of 50-70%, even in the presence of regional metastases, and sometimes a final cure is observed. PMID- 7226324 TI - [A case of hepato-biliary carcinoid]. PMID- 7226325 TI - [2-stage lacerations and occult lacerations of the spleen: anatomo-clinical aspects and general considerations on the early diagnosis of hemoperitoneum]. PMID- 7226326 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the topical use of chloramphenicol powder in the prevention of surgical wound infections]. PMID- 7226327 TI - [A new surgical method for the dynamic correction and prevention of insufficiency of the 1st digital ray of the foot. Preliminary note]. PMID- 7226328 TI - [Busch fracture and its surgical treatment]. AB - A modern technique of surgical therapy of this type of lesion is presented. Modern discoveries in the field of materials also allow the use of well tolerated direct stitches. Moreover, the pull-out favours healing of the lesion as well as removal of the foreign material. PMID- 7226329 TI - [Modified Villadot's operation in brain-damaged patients]. AB - The Authors' purpose is to propose an operation, based on Viladot's, which will be technically simple and not involve any mutilation: it is performed in order to provide good support to children with valgus flat foot suffering from cerebral paralysis of spastic type or secondary to other neurological forms; it may however also be indicated in primitive valgus flat foot. PMID- 7226330 TI - [Unusual segmental fractures of the fingers]. PMID- 7226331 TI - [Anterior spondylodesis of the cervical spine with a plate after a diving accident]. PMID- 7226332 TI - [Melorheostosis: observations on a clinical case]. PMID- 7226333 TI - [The treatment of fractures of the distal phalanx with avulsion of the nail]. AB - The delicate function of the fleshy portion of the fingers, in all its components -skin, bone and nail--, requires precise anatomical restoration. The nail constitutes a precious support for healing of the fracture and regrowth of the injured nail itself. PMID- 7226334 TI - [Etiopathogenesis and classification or recurrent varices]. AB - The AA examine the most frequent causes of relapsing varices: they remember that the exact anatomic knowledge of sapheno-femoral and and sapheno-popliteal crosses in essential for the execution of an exact operation; rapidly they inspect the casuistry of S. Giuseppe Hospital, classifying the relapses on the base of a topographic standard and seeing that the technical mistake is essential for the relapses. PMID- 7226335 TI - [The treatment of medical fractures of the femoral neck]. AB - It is first stressed that medial fractures of the femur neck pose therapeutic and prognostic problems linked above all to biological factors. After reference to the criteria of classification adopted by Linton and Pauwels, the need to adopt fixed parameters in establishing the surgical indication is then asserted. These parameters are the patient's age, understood not only as number of years but also as general and psychic state, and the obliquity of the fracture line or its degree of decomposition. The Authors conclude by establishing four theorectical groups of patients and indicating the treatment they adopted for each group. PMID- 7226336 TI - [Surgical treatment of recurrent varices]. AB - The AA describe the different kinds of operation, on the base of the different kinds of relapsing varices. They outline the importance of a through isolation of internal saphena vein at sapheno-femoral "cross" and of external saphena at sapheno popliteal "cross" for avoiding "high" relapses. They they insist on the subfascial ligature of incontinent perforating veins and on the closing of open muscular breach though a "zed" stitch. PMID- 7226337 TI - [Limits of prosthetic restoration of the hip joint and possibilities of recovery in failures]. AB - The Authors report on treatment of patients with total prosthesis of the hip, in whom mobilisation of the prosthesis or one or both its components has occurred. In particular, stress is put on the results of the operation of removal of the prosthesis, which finds its major indications in cases of acute or remote, deep sepsis, and in case of aseptic mobilisation when the theoretical presuppositions allowing its substitution do not exist. PMID- 7226338 TI - [Fracture-detachment of the base of the 1st metacarpus in children]. AB - After considering the traumatic mechanism of fracture-detachment of the base of the 1st metacarp, the Authors analyse the various proposed methods of treatment. Attention is drawn to the difficulties of reduction and restraint of such fracture and they illustrate a personal technique allowing its anatomical reduction. PMID- 7226339 TI - [Surgical treatment of acromioclavicular luxations]. PMID- 7226340 TI - [Bilateral congenital camptodactylia of the IF of the hallux. Presentation of case]. AB - The Authors describe a bilateral congenital case of flexion and valgism of the IF of the hallux, since they are not mentioned in literature. On the basis of the operative examination it is thought that the etiopathogenesis may consist of a congenital retraction of the capsule, in plantar aspect, and of the collateral ligaments; they advise that surgical treatment should be carried out before the start of ambulation. The correction obtained proved stable over time. PMID- 7226341 TI - [A case of cavernous hemangioma]. PMID- 7226342 TI - [Treatment of supracondyloid fractures of the femur with Judet's bone plate and screws]. AB - Severe fractures of the distal end of the femur, which have become increasingly numerous as a result of the multiplication of road accidents, frequently require surgical treatment. The Authors, updating to 1979 the cases of the "G. Pini" Orthopedic Institute in the field of Judet's screw-plate, document the validity of this means of synthesis as confirmed by the quality of the results. PMID- 7226343 TI - [The problem of recurrence in patients operated on for lumbar disk hernia]. PMID- 7226344 TI - [Resection and alignment operation on the metatarsal heads in the treatment of static metatarsalgias]. PMID- 7226345 TI - [Metatarsalgia caused by compression of the internal plantar nerve]. AB - The Author has presented a rare form of internal plantar nerve compression that was produced by a synovial cystic formation, which caused a plantar pain during the load that radiated to the first three toes. Besides he has considered the other possible causes of metatarsus pain for alterations of soft parts. PMID- 7226346 TI - [Annular granuloma]. PMID- 7226347 TI - [Direct suture of the collateral ligaments of the tibio-tarsal joint]. PMID- 7226348 TI - [New approach to the management of caustic esophageal stricture in children (author's transl)]. AB - The management of long segment esophageal stenosis following chemical burns in children remains a difficult problem although various kinds of treatment have been proposed. The surgical treatment, consisting in replacing the injured segment, is mutilating and always performed at some risks. On the other hand dilatations must be carried on over several years in order to produce results and are not compatible with normal life. Furthermore, they are often followed by complications. The authors have been led to develop a method which would both allow the conservation of the esophagus and avoid long term dilations. This procedure mainly consists in a lengthwise myotomy of the residual structure after 12 or 18 months retrograde dilatations so as to peel off the wall fibrosis. The technique is presented and discussed about 2 successfully treated cases with a 9 to 12 months follow up. PMID- 7226349 TI - [Analysis of germ cultures in 57 cases of appendicular peritonitis and 16 postoperative septic complications]. AB - Reliable bacteriological data were obtained from 53 and 16 out of 64 pediatric appendiceal peritonitis an 17 of their suppurative complications. Studies for aerobic and anaerobic flora ws performed in all. Each primitive peritoneal exudate contained a mixed flora with an average of 1.3 aerobic and 2.27 anaerobic species. E. coli and B. fragilis were almost constantly found among other enteric bacteria. Exudates from wound or intraabdominal complicative infections contained an average of 1.3 aerobic and 3 anaerobic species, and again E. coli and B. fragilis were constantly present. In eleven patients, there were exudates available from both the peritonitis and the complications, and the flora was coincident for, at least, one gram in all, and for two or more in eight. These facts enable us to point out the importance of anaerobes in peritoneal infections and their complications. At the same time, we recall that antibiotic treatment of peritonitis must be prescribed with this evidence in mind. PMID- 7226350 TI - [Unrecognized ureteral duplication (author's transl)]. AB - The occult ureter in a duplex kidney should be recognized during the procedure time even if the intravesical orifice has not been visualized. In the opposite case it is possible to do some therapeutic errors. That is the reason why the authors report four new cases with five occult ureters in a duplex kidney. One is diagnosed during a second procedure for removing a stenosis on an unfortunate reimplantation with an acute renal failure. Four occult ureters were found during an intervention for a vesicorenal reflux on the functional ureter. The upper pouch was blind without any renal parenchyma in three cases and in two cases there was a little renal dysplasic parenchyma. In the four ureters where we have been able to observe the down pouch we have not seen an orifice in three cases and in one case the orifice was in ectopic position. Commentaries are done about the clinic context the similarities between this unrecognised ureter and ureterocele. Therapeutic approach is precised with the interest of an opacification during the procedure of all supplementary conduct discovered while the dissection of an ureter. PMID- 7226351 TI - [Funnel chest and pigeon chest today]. AB - The authors report on the results of sternochondroplasty according to Ravitch in a group of 31 patients with funnellike or carinated chest. The results appear to be conditioned to the type of anomaly, to the kind of surgery performed, to the age at which the patients undergo surgery. From a functional viewpoint results appear to be markedly better in pectus carinatum as compared to those in pectus excavatum. The latter anomaly requires a prolonged traction of the anterior thoracic "volet": this excludes any possibility of using external traction techniques (poor results in 25-30% of cases). The high percentage of fair results with reference to marring scars or partial excavations of the thoracic wall has lead us to operate (with reference to some ages: less than 5 years old; 9-14 years old) on these patients after they have reached age 15. The authors hope that a larger number of patients will be treated conservatively (in cases of carinated chest) or else that they undergo minor plastic surgery (in funnel chest cases). PMID- 7226352 TI - [Serious pelvic traumatisms in children]. AB - The rareness of pelvic fractures in children is due to the resilience of bony tissue and to the thickness of the periosteum at this age. Therefore, such fractures are most often seen after violent traumatisms, which explains their frequent association with visceral lesions that determine the gravity and dominate the prognosis. The authors have presented 9 observations of fractures of the pelvis, with or without pelvis dislocation, which were the most often associated with urological lesions either acute (urethral rupture, bladder rupture) neither chronic (hydronephrosis) but sometimes with vasculo-nervous, gynecological or others lesions. The different therapeutic techniques and their indications in the treatment of such fractures are similar to those used in the adult. Excepting those cases of polytraumatisms, where mortality remains elevated, the treatment of such fractures is most often satisfactory in the short term, but requires a thorough and prolonged monitoring in children presenting associated urological and gynecological lesions in order to evaluate with precision the long term prognosis. PMID- 7226353 TI - [A single fluid level: radiographic aspect of a closed duplication of the ileum (author's transl)]. AB - A five-year-old boy is admitted for an important loss of weight with diarrhoea and fever, recently appeared. The clinical investigations find out a ten centimeter-large tumor, located in the hypogastrium area and x-rays findings, a single fluid level with no evidence of communication on the radiographs after barium meal and barium enema. The operation confirms the previous diagnosis of duplication of the distal small intestine, and sections the absence of opening into the gut lumen. The clinical signs and the presence of gas in that close duplication, are most likely, due to a colon bacillus superinfection. PMID- 7226354 TI - [Congenital dilatation of the common bile duct in which choledochal duct flows into Wirsung (author's transl)]. AB - In a two year old girl, the authors observed a case of common bile duct dilatation, with jaundice and chronic pancreatitis, in which the common bile duct enters the Wirsung. An Y choledochojejunostomy was performed. The patient was easy recovered. As comment, the authors present a synthesis of knowledges of this malformation, very well studied in Japan, where it is less uncommon. We must try to find it by retrograd catheterism with duodenoscopic or surgical exploration. The systematic research of this low choledochal malformation must demonstrate if most part of congenital choledochal dilations were so explain as in japaneses publications or it is an autonomous illness and an etiology, among others, of congenital common bile duct dilatations. PMID- 7226355 TI - [Solitary kidney cyst in a newborn child, revealed by a gross hematuria and abdominal mass]. PMID- 7226356 TI - [Technic of muscle transplant for complete diaphragmatic aplasia (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a technic of muscular flap, to repair complete diaphragmatic aplasia. Based on a precise anatomical principle, they modified the Holcomb procedure (1961). The repair uses the Transversus abdominis muscle and the intercostal muscular layer. One case of survical with a satisfactory evolution can be attributed to the intervention. However, we must keep in mind that the prognosis is linked to the pulmonary hypoplasia associated with the malformation. As shown in the series we must emphasize that the degree of pulmonary involvement is not strictly related to the extend of the diaphragmatic effect. PMID- 7226357 TI - [Ileo-ileal intussusception over an islet of heterotopic gastric mucosa without Meckel's diverticulum]. AB - Three laparotomies have been necessary to find the origin of intermittent episodes of abdominal pain for eleven years in a girl: appendectomy at the age of three, surgical exploration at nine, and emergency laparotomy at fourteen for acute intestinal obstruction: ileo-ileal, secondary ileo-colic intussusception, reduction and ileal resection discovering an 2 x 2 cm area of normal fundic gastric mucosa. Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the small bowel is a rare congenital anomaly (12 pediatric and 5 adult cases previously reported in the literature). These folds of gastric mucosa are located more often in the terminal ileum than in the jejunum and act as the leading part of intussusception: the clinical finding were usually those of subacute obstruction of the small intestine and can occur during several years before an intestinal obstruction leading to surgery: after reduction of the intussusception, intestinal resection must be done. Intestinal ulcerations due to peptic secretion of the ectopic gastric mucosa with intestinal bleeding and anemia or perforation are less frequent. PMID- 7226358 TI - [Human leptospiroses in the overseas departments and territories: 10 years' immunological diagnosis (1970-1979)]. AB - In French overseas Departments and Territories, Leptospiroses exist. In the Caribbean zone, human Leptospiroses are frequently found; in Martinique island, and some cases are recorded in French Guyana. In the Indian Ocean, "La Reunion" island, approximately 40 cases are diagnosed every year (mortality rate: 17%). In Polynesian areas, 3 serovars are found. Biological diagnosis is easier now with screening tests. Sera are to be sent to the National Leptospirosis Centre, Paris, for confirmatory test. In fact, the high incidence of Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup does not seem to reflect the real situation, but represents the severe cases diagnosed in hospitalized patients. Minor cases remain often unnoticed. A survey of human and animal Leptospiroses would give another classification of serogroups frequency. It is important to know that 80% of Leptospiroses occur without jaundice. PMID- 7226359 TI - [Nuclear division in 15 species of free-living amoebae]. AB - It was made possible to study the mode of nuclear division during all the stage of mitotic division of the free-living amoebae belonging to the families Schizopyrenidae and Hartmannellidae, when the massive number of them were fixed and stained. While the four phases of nuclear division vary in different genera, in the amoebae belonging to the same genus the mitotic division was similar. In the family Schizopyrenidae, the nucleus contains a central Feulgen-negative nucleolus which during mitosis form "polar masses". In the family Hartmannellidae, the resting nucleus has either a single Feulgen-negative nucleolus or several nucleoli. During mitosis the nucleolus or nucleoli disappear and a spindle with chromosomes arranged as an equatorial plate develops. The mitotic apparatus is an essential criterion in the differentiation of the genera Hartmannella and Naegleria. PMID- 7226360 TI - [Malarial indices in 938 children and adolescents in the humid savanna area of the south of Mali]. AB - The authors draw up "paludometric indications" by studying 938 children and youths, in the Kadiolo area, a humid savanna in the south of Mali, by the end of the dry season (beginning of March). These results give a global indication of 70.6% (cases of malaria) with 94.4% of P. falciparum and 9.96% cases of gametocytic indications. The numbers obtained far from the rainy season let us think that the annual transmission of malaria is continuous with a recrudescence in the humid season explaining largely the infantile mortality. The use of Nivaquine may easily protect these populations from the risk of malaria disease. PMID- 7226361 TI - [Ecology of a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the area of Thies, Senegal, West Africa. 4. Spontaneous infestation and biology of Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu Lemaire 1906]. AB - Following their epidemiological investigation on the cutaneous leishmaniasis focus of Keur Moussa, the authors study the sandfly fauna. The species Phlebotomus duboscqi is abundant (1532 samples out of 8411 sandflies collected between December 1976 and June 1979) and located inside the rodent burrows which have been found to be their larval breeding sites. Five P. duboscqi females out of 356 dissected were infected by Leishmania major promastigotes. PMID- 7226362 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the psoas muscle (apropos of a case)]. AB - A 39 year-old sardinian male patient was operated for psoas muscle hydatic cyst. Recovery was uneventful. Few of such cases have been published to date and are usually first diagnosed as tumors of the iliac fossae. Immunological tests are of little help. PMID- 7226363 TI - [Attempt at defining dermatological criteria for surveys of African onchoceriasis based on observations made in 3 Mali villages]. AB - The study done by the authors at the Marchoux Institute of Bamako and in 3 Malian villages of the Koutiala area (two of hyperendemic and one of hypoendemic onchocerciasis) emphasized the interest which can be represented in the epidemiologic investigations on the onchocerciasis: the tibial vitiligo and the cutaneous atrophy. The dyschromia of more suggestive appreciation is less usable. Prurigo, lichenification, hypochromia and hyperchromia have less interest in these investigations because of more other causes which can be attributed to them. PMID- 7226364 TI - [Comparative efficacy of 2 concentration technics in the coprologic diagnosis of intestinal anguilluliasis]. AB - The comparison established out of 164 faecal samples, between a method of concentration combining the ether treatment and flottation, and the classical extraction technic of BAERMANN, has permitted to notice that this last one could possibly lead to disputable results in case of slight infestation; although, in all cases, they were spotted with the first technic whose superiority is proved. PMID- 7226365 TI - [Inventory of the parasites of domestic animals in French Polynesia. 1st list]. AB - After a parasitological survey in French Polynesia a first list of parasites of domestic animals has been drawn up. 42 helminthes and 23 protozoan parasites have been found in seven species of domestic animals. The pathogenicity and economic importance is discussed. The parasitic fauna is rather poor in spite of favourable environmental conditions for the evolution of parasites; therefore veterinary services must increase their surveillance to avoid any introduction of new parasite. PMID- 7226366 TI - [Perifoveolar photocoagulation in cystoid macular edema of venous occlusions (1st results)]. PMID- 7226367 TI - [Management of cystoid macular edema using perifoveolar photocoagulation with argon lasers]. PMID- 7226368 TI - [Phi phenomenon and strabismus]. PMID- 7226369 TI - [Post operative infection in cataract surgery]. PMID- 7226370 TI - [Uselessness and danger of taking smears from preoperative cultures]. PMID- 7226371 TI - [Ocular pseudo-pemphigus induced by ophthalmic solutions: apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 7226372 TI - [Choroid osteomas]. PMID- 7226373 TI - [Infectious chorioretinitis with obliteration of the retinal vessels or the D. Gass wipe-out syndrome]. PMID- 7226374 TI - [Occlusion of the central retinal vein associated with cilioretinal artery infarction]. PMID- 7226375 TI - [Unusual case of cirsoid aneurysm of the retina]. PMID- 7226376 TI - [Ophthalmologic manifestations of craniopharyngiomas in children. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 7226377 TI - [Local application of timolol is not a panacea in the management of glaucoma. Examples]. PMID- 7226379 TI - [Causes of blindness at the Functional Rehabilitation Center of Marly-le-Roi]. PMID- 7226378 TI - [Adaptometry in cohesive light]. PMID- 7226380 TI - [Oculogyric crisis and metoclopramide]. PMID- 7226381 TI - [Perimetry, altitude and glaucoma]. PMID- 7226382 TI - [Complementary vitrectomy as a matter of principle in the period following operation for retinal detachment]. PMID- 7226383 TI - [Lipid and lipoprotein anomalies associated with gerontotoxon]. PMID- 7226384 TI - [Abnormal retinal correspondence: myth or reality?]. PMID- 7226385 TI - [Meibomian adenocarcinoma: diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 7226386 TI - [Histological aspects of adenocarcinoma of the Meibomian glands]. PMID- 7226387 TI - [Angiographic aspects of various benign retinal tumors (hamartomas)]. PMID- 7226388 TI - [Draft of a table for determining ophthalmologic disability in civil law]. PMID- 7226389 TI - [Ocular toxicity of practolol: study of lacrimal proteins apropos of a case we were permitted to observe]. PMID- 7226390 TI - [Optic neuritis caused by ethmoid-sphenoid sinusitis]. PMID- 7226391 TI - [A case of essential atrophy of the iris]. PMID- 7226392 TI - [A very severe case of caustic burns which we should not have to see]. PMID- 7226394 TI - [Value of examination of the optic fiber layer to demonstrate changes]. PMID- 7226393 TI - [Post-operation changes in lacrimal proteins. Practical value]. PMID- 7226395 TI - [A case of retinal detachment in a psychiatrist]. PMID- 7226396 TI - [Initial results of a new posterior chamber implant chamber (Shearing)]. PMID- 7226397 TI - [Spontaneous detachment of the choroid]. PMID- 7226398 TI - [Value of the human basophil degranulation test in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7226399 TI - [Implant of artificial lenses after intracapsular extraction. Technic. Intermediate results]. PMID- 7226400 TI - [Anatomic consequences of the intra-ocular implant of artificial lenses]. PMID- 7226401 TI - [Mycosis fungoides: apropos of a case of eyelid localization, impact the principal ocular manifestations of the disease]. PMID- 7226402 TI - [Optic neuropathy and toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 7226403 TI - [Irreversible unilateral amaurosis following operation for "bags under the eyes"]. PMID- 7226404 TI - [Ocular injuries in squash]. PMID- 7226405 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the conjunctiva in a familial case of hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]. PMID- 7226406 TI - [Infrared absorption angiography with indocyanine green. Appearance in the normal subject and choroid tumors]. PMID- 7226407 TI - [Extraction of magnetic foreign bodies of the posterior segment through the pars plana of the ciliary body]. PMID- 7226408 TI - [Fluorescein angiography of the anterior segment in chronic open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7226409 TI - [Infectious complications and hydrophilic lenses]. PMID- 7226410 TI - [Hygiene in contactology]. PMID- 7226411 TI - [Meningioma of the optic nerve in a 2-year-old child. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7226412 TI - [Plasmacytoma with pituitary localization. Report of a case]. PMID- 7226413 TI - [Surgery of the inferior oblique muscle by anteroposition by the Gobin technic]. PMID- 7226414 TI - [Aniseikonia and aphakia]. PMID- 7226415 TI - [Correction of the aphakic eye with contact lenses]. PMID- 7226416 TI - [Statistical analysis of aphakics fitted with contact lenses]. PMID- 7226417 TI - [Permanent wearing of contact lenses by aphakic children]. PMID- 7226418 TI - [Intraosseous anastomosis of two lower dental nerves (right and left)]. PMID- 7226419 TI - [The nailing of trochanter fractures by the Ender method. Apropos of 30 cases]. PMID- 7226420 TI - [New possibilities in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer]. PMID- 7226421 TI - [2 cases of botulism]. PMID- 7226422 TI - [Liver cirrhosis as a social disease]. PMID- 7226423 TI - [Posterolateral arthrodeses of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine with interapophyseal screwing--(apropos 19 cases)]. PMID- 7226424 TI - [Transluminal dilatation of the coronary arteries]. PMID- 7226425 TI - [Yersinia diseases]. PMID- 7226426 TI - Ergonomic aspects of sport and recreation. AB - Human factors engineering or ergonomics originated in military technology from the team-work of engineers and specialists in the human sciences. The central focus is on the human operator upon whom the task and environment impose specific loadings. Intransigence of task demands in sport tends to shift emphasis to training and selection. Heredity seems to play the more important role in the evolution of the champion athlete. An integrated interdisciplinary approach is advocated in assessing task demands and individual capacity to meet them. Improving equipment and facility design promotes safety and performance efficiency. Environmental stresses may be simulated in laboratory conditions to provide opportunity for prior adaptation. Stresses associated with urbanized civilization present novel risks to social health. Quality of life can be enhanced from an ergonomics input into the design of sports facilities and exercise programmes and their subsequent monitoring. PMID- 7226427 TI - [Correlations between the components of the test for the evaluation of physical performance II of the Canadian Association of Health, Physical Education and Recreation]. AB - The Fitness-Performance Tests developed in 1965 by the Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation have been criticized with regard to the validity of the 300 yard run as an endurance measure and with regard to the redundance of some items involving lower limb performance. The purposes of this study were to identify a more appropriate endurance performance test item and to analyze the inter-dependence of the items which utilize leg power in their performance. A sample of 9000 young Canadians aged 6 to 17 years, was randomly selected from the 10 provinces and the 2 territories. Correlation coefficients were calculated between: standing long jump, the 50 m. run, and the endurance run (800 m. for 6-9 years, 1600 m. for 10-12 years and 2400 m. for 13-17 years). Among the different age and sex groups, the correlations between the endurance run and the 50 m. run varied from 0.40 to 0.49. The correlations between standing long jump, the agility run (4 x 10 m.) and the 50 m. run were from 0.69 to 0.83 for all the boys and girls. The correlations between these three items are even lower when performances are analyzed by age and sex groups. The highest variations are mainly in the preadolescent period for both sexes. PMID- 7226428 TI - Prediction of anaerobic capacity: a performance test employing an optimal exercise stress. AB - Highly trained sprinters, marathon runners, and untrained male subjects sprinted around a 400-metre track with their running times and speeds throughout the sprint being continuously monitored. Through comparison with their individual anaerobic capacities (previously determined in the laboratory), a performance test was developed for predicting subjects' anaerobic energy expenditure. The format of this test imposed an optimal stress upon the anaerobic energy components through a combination of work intensity and prolongation of the exercise stress. Specifically, through multiple regression analysis, it was determined that the sprinting time to 256-metres and running speed from 256 metres through 329-metres provided the highest predicting of anaerobic capacity (significant at the 0.01 level of confidence). PMID- 7226429 TI - A laboratory method for determination of anaerobic energy expenditure during sprinting. AB - Highly trained sprinters, marathon runners and untrained male control subjects were studied during treadmill sprinting. After confirming a workload which elicited exhaustion in just over a minute (mean time to exh. = 64.6 +/- 2.5 sec.), each subject performed sprints of 15, 30, 45 and 60 seconds duration in order that their energy expenditure could be segmented per 15-sec. of sprinting time. During every sprint, O2 consumption was recorded by closed-circuit spirometry. Following each sprint, serial 30-sec. venous blood samples were drawn in order to determine the peak lactate concentration. Energy expenditure was therefore determined as follows: i) aerobic energy from increments in O2 uptake, expressed in Kcal; ii) lactacid energy from increments in peak lactate, with the difference between peaks utilized to calculate the anaerobic glycolytic contribution to that 15-sec. segment, expressed in Kcal according to Margaria; iii) alactacid energy, expended over the initial 15-sec. segments, from the difference between the total energy requirement per 15-sec. less the measured aerobic plus the lactacid contributions. The sprinters expended the greatest (p less than .05) anaerobic energy (46.2 +/- 5.1 Kcal) when compared to either the marathoners (31.6 +/- 5.7 Kcal) or controls (33.0 +/- 1.6 Kcal). The athletic groups demonstrated superior alactacid energy (sprinters = 21.4 +/- 4.4 Kcal; marathoners = 15.8 +/- 2.3 Kcal), both expending a substantial amount of energy from this source (20%) past 30-sec. In contrast, over the initial 30-sec. of sprinting, the control subjects had depleted their alactacid energy (12.2 +/- 3.3 Kcal). Only minor differences were observed in aerobic energy expenditure between the three subject groups throughout the sprint to exhaustion. PMID- 7226430 TI - Physical activity and sport: attitudes and perceptions of young Canadian athletes. AB - The failure of the literature to report consistent attitude-behaviour relationships or show evidence of stability in children's attitudes toward physical activity (CATPA) led to an examination of the construct physical activity as an attitude object. Five hundred and fifty young male and female athletes were surveyed to obtain the following information; CATPA, children's attitudes toward the specific sport (CATSS) in which they were involved, and the activities perceived to be representative of six physical activity subdomains. Significant differences among sport groups were found in three of the attitude subdomains, the most noticeable being for females in the Aesthetic subdomain. In general, the athletes' perceived physical activities represented the sport in which they were participating. The small differences between CATPA and CATSS mean scores, along with the results of both canonical analysis and factor analysis, led to the conclusion that children's attitudes toward the construct physical activity are essentially equivalent to their attitudes toward a specific sport. The validity of physical activity as a well defined attitude object ws substantiated for young Canadian athletes. PMID- 7226431 TI - [Analysis of the content of information transmitted by television on physical conditioning]. AB - This investigation was conducted to analyze the content of televised physical fitness programs. A specially designed study to investigate the information content of four televised series. The analysis of a representative sample of the information content presented on these televised programs revealed that the strategy adopted by french speaking instructors differed on specific aspects froms those adopted by their English speaking counterparts. The information content provided by English speaking instructors was concerned primarily with improvement of muscular qualities, whereas French speaking instructors seem more preoccupied to transmit general information on physical fitness, physical fitness programs and on health habits. PMID- 7226432 TI - Effects of 2-ethylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole on hepatic adenosine nucleotides in experimental hemorrhagic shock. AB - 2-Ethylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (EAT), originally tested as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, has been shown to increase the de novo synthesis of purines. To evaluate its effects on hepatic adenosine nucleotides in hemorrhagic shock, EAT was administered to dogs prior to bleeding. Concentrations of uric acid and allantoin in serum and lymph were also measured as additional indices of purine metabolism in the dog. During oligemia, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in serial liver biopsies fell to half of the control values in treated and untreated groups. After reinfusion, the APT and total adenosine nucleotides increased in both groups but were significantly higher in treated than in untreated control animals (P less than 0.05). In treated animals the hepatic ATP reached 93% and 109% of initial values at one and three hours after reinfusion, respectively. Corresponding values were 63% and 80% in surviving untreated control animals. During oligemia and after reinfusion, the uric acid was increased in both groups but remained significantly lower in treated than in untreated animals. The arterial pressure of treated animals remained higher after reinfusion than in untreated animals. Studies in oligemic rats demonstrated significantly greater survival in EAT-treated animals than in untreated controls. The data suggest that pretreatment with EAT results in improved recovery of the hepatic adenosine nucleotide pool and increased survival of oligemic animals, which may be related to the greater availability of substrates for synthesis of the adenosine nucleotides. PMID- 7226433 TI - Glycolytic intermediates in rat heart after endotoxin treatment. AB - Glycolytic intermediates were determined in rat hearts five hours after an LD50 Escherichia coli endotoxin injection and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose-6 phosphate (F6P) were decreased by 40% to 45% relative to control hearts. Levels of other intermediates which alter in severe hypoxia were unchanged. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and diphosphate (ADP) remained constant while glycogen was almost 50% depleted. A 30% fall in beta-hydroxybutyrate indicated that fatty acid utilization was decreased. The data were consistent with accelerated glycolysis. Pretreatment with the positive inotropic cardiac glycoside, ouabain, failed to maintain glycolytic intermediates in endotoxified heart at control levels. An identical fall in hexose monophosphates previously observed in rat livers may indicate that endotoxin has a similar action on enzymes regulating carbohydrate metabolism in different organs. PMID- 7226434 TI - Skeletal muscle microcirculation and oxygenation in experimental intestinal shock: A study on the efficacy of different plasma substitutes. AB - Shock was induced in 60 dogs by exteriorization of the small intestine for three hours. The relative effectiveness of various hemodiluting agents on the microcirculation was measured as skeletal muscle capillary blood flow (QXe) and capillary permeability (P) surface area (S) for plasma (PSp), as calculated from the clearances of two locally injected isotopes, 133 Xenon and 131 Iodide. Skeletal muscle oxygen tension (Pm(2) was measured with a tissue PO2 electrode. During shock QZe decreased to 26%, PSp to 31% of the initial values, and PmO2 dropped from 51 to 18 mmHg. The degree of recovery from shock was assessed after reposition of the intestine and the infusion of different plasma substitutes (albumin, dextran 40, dextran 70, gelatin, ACD-plasma, and Ringer's acetate). Return of the intestine to the abdominal cavity did not in itself improve the shock condition. Dextran 40 and dextran 70 infusion increased QXe, PSp, and PmO2 to or above control levels, PSp to 60%, and QXe to 40% of the control values. Ringer's acetate gelatin, and ACD-plasma did not improve QXe but increased PSq to 62-67% of control values. Albumin and dextran increased PmO2 significantly in relation to no-fluid infusion. Only dextran 40 and dextran 70 increased both QXe and PSp significantly in relation to no -fluid infusion. PMID- 7226435 TI - Experimental aortic occlusion: A model for the study of regional shock with specific reference to blood lactate. AB - A model of regional shock is described to study the dynamics of lactacidemia which accompanies perfusion failure. The suprarenal abdominal aorta was occluded with a balloon catheter to reduce the mean perfusion pressure to 25 mmHg in 5 dogs each for 60 and 120 minutes, while 5 dogs served as controls. Increases in arterial lactate from 2.4 r - 1.1 to 4.9 r - 1.2 mM/L were observed by 60 minutes. Lactate concentrations sampled from arterial and venous sites proximal and distal to the obstruction, showed good correlation (r=0.96) during and for 240 minutes following deflation of aortic balloon. Lactate clearance in experimental animals was accomplished by 90 minutes of re-establishment of flow to the lower extremities. Hemodynamic changes included tachycardia, upper body hypertension, with any increase in left ventricular filling pressures. Marked hemoconcentration observed in experimental animals was suggestive of plasma losses in splanchnic circulation, confirmed by autopsy findings of bowel edema and infraction, In this model of regional shock, absence of true lactate "washout" was also confirmed. PMID- 7226436 TI - Body fluid compartment changes during burn shock in the guinea pig. AB - The alterations in body fluid compartments 1, 4, and 8 hours after a 70% full skin thickness burn were studied in conscious guinea pigs. Concurrently, we measured hemodynamic changes associated with the burn. Cardiac output and heart rate were depressed one hour postburn, and mean arterial blood pressure was depressed eight hours postburn. A hemoconcentration one-hour postburn, as evidence by an increase in hematocrit, was due exclusively to a loss of plasma volume. Red blood cell (RBC) volume remained constant after the burn. As a consequence of decreased plasma volume, total blood volume was also depressed. Extracellular fluid was decreased on hour after the burn; how ever, four and eight hours postburn, extracellular fluid space was comparable to that in the control group. Total body water and body weights of burned animals did not differ from control values. This study has demonstrated the very rapid redistribution of fluids in burn shock without a loss of fluids from the body. PMID- 7226437 TI - The effect of epinephrine on blood and tissue PO2 in the rabbit. AB - Tissue PO2 in the rabbit was measured with galvanic oxygen electrodes chronically implanted in peritoneal and subcutaneous tissues; blood PO2 was measured in arterial and venous blood samples obtained from chronically implanted catheters. The effect of intravenous epinephrine 4 microgram/kg on tissue and blood PO2 was examined in the unanesthetized animal. Basal tissue PO2 values were 43.6 +/- 1.71 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) for peritoneum and 15.9 +/- 2.51 mm Hg for subcutaneous tissue. These values increased to 112.8 +/- 8.67 mm Hg (peritoneum) and 76.0 +/- 2.24 mm Hg (subcutaneous) after 15 minutes of O2 breathing. Epinephrine led to significant reductions in tissue PO2 during both air and O2 breathing without affecting blood PO2. It is concluded that epinephrine administration alters the relationship between blood and tissue PO2 leading to relative tissue hypoxia despite normal or high blood PO2. These observations are important to an understanding of shock and emphasize the need for further investigation of tissue PO2 as a measure of shock states. PMID- 7226438 TI - Increased tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in guinea pigs following burn trauma. AB - Accelerated clearance of circulating triglycerides has been observed in thermally injured patients, which suggests that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity may be increased. The present study was initiated to ascertain if heart, skeletal muscle, or adipose tissue LPL activities are affected by burn trauma in guinea pigs. Anesthetized guinea pigs were immersed into room temperature water (nonburned) or boiling water (burned) to the iliac crest for three seconds and sacrificed seven or 24 hours later. Myocardial and adipose tissue LPL activities were 60% and 125% greater, respectively, in burned guinea pigs 24 hours after injury than in nonburned animals. LPL activity in skeletal muscle from the burned region, red vastus, was significantly increased seven hours after injury, but the change after 24 hours was not significant. Muscle LPL activities examined in the nonburned region, diaphragm and red triceps, were increased 24 hours after thermal injury. Increased tissue LPL activities after thermal injury may enhance the clearance of circulating triglycerides. PMID- 7226439 TI - Protective effects of epinephrine tolerance in experimental cardiogenic shock. AB - To evaluate the mechanism of protection of epinephrine tolerance in shock, we studied the hemodynamic and regional blood flow response to cardiogenic shock in dogs rendered tolerant to lethal doses of epinephrine. Shock was induced by coronary embolization. Regional organ perfusion was evaluated with radioactive microspheres. The survival of tolerant dogs following embolization was 8/12 (62%) compared to 5/31 (16%) in control dogs (P = 0.008). Heart and adrenal organ weights were significantly greater in the tolerant animals. Ventricular hypertrophy in the tolerant dogs was accompanied by greater myocardial blood flow and greater myocardial contractility both before and during cardiogenic shock. There was significantly greater regional flow to spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas during shock in the epinephrine-tolerant group. PMID- 7226440 TI - The hemodynamics of isoproterenol-induced cardiac failure in the rat. AB - In virgin, male Sprague-Dawley rats, subcutaneous injections of 2.5 mg/kg or 250 mg/kg isoproterenol increased heart rate and aortic dF/dt and decreased total peripheral resistance. The net systemic response was an arterial hypotension. The larger dose of isoproterenol initially produced a greater hypotension; reflex compensatory responses followed. Cardiac failure occurred by 24 hours post isoproterenol. The extent of cardiac failure was isoproterenol dose dependent. By gross inspection of the epicardial surface of the hearts of the isoproterenol treated rats, anatomical injury also appeared to be isoproterenol dose dependent. The data presented in this study support the existing theory that isoproterenol induced myocardial damage is due to a relative myocardial hypoxia produced by artereial hypotension and myocardial hyperactivity. The data also indicate that reflex responses to arterial hypotension occur and may be detrimental. Cardiac failure is produced by massive quantities of isoproterenol, and the degree of cardiac failure is dose dependent. PMID- 7226441 TI - Effect of carotid occlusion and of perfusion pressure on renal function in conscious dogs. AB - We studied the effect of bilateral common carotid occlusion (implanted pneumatic cuffs) on renal blood flow (electromagnetic flowmeter) and renal function (implanted ureteral catheter) in nine chronically instrumented, conscious dogs on a high sodium diet (14 mmol/kg body weight per day). By means of suprarenal aortic constriction (pneumatic cuff) the influence of renal perfusion pressure was investigated. There was no change in renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance) with either reflexly increasing (+49.6%) or constant renal perfusion pressure. Carotid occlusion caused an increase of urine output by 80.5% and of sodium excretion by 85.3% due to a fall in fractional sodium reabsorption (-0.9%) when renal perfusion pressure was allowed to rise. Neither an increase of diuresis or sodium excretion nor an antinatriuresis was observed when renal perfusion pressure was kept constant during carotid occlusion. We conclude that, in conscious dogs at rest, the moderate sympathetic activation associated with carotid occlusion is too small to induce renal sympathetic vasoconstriction or antinatriuresis. The "carotid sinus polyuria" is a pressure-diuresis. PMID- 7226442 TI - Load-insensitive relaxation caused by hypoxia in mammalian cardiac muscle. PMID- 7226443 TI - Volume loading slows left ventricular isovolumic relaxation rate. Evidence of load-dependent relaxation in the intact dog heart. PMID- 7226444 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs potentiate the vasoconstrictor effects of ouabain in the dog. PMID- 7226445 TI - The utilization by rabbit aorta of carbohydrates, fatty acids, ketone bodies, and amino acids as substrates for energy production. AB - The ability of rabbit aorta to oxidize various substrates was studied to determine which of these compounds may be energy substrates for vascular smooth muscle (VSM). Glucose, ketone bodies, medium-chain length fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and glutamine all are oxidized at comparable rates on a molar basis. Some other amino acids, long chain fatty acids, pyruvate and glycerol also are oxidized, but at lower rates. The oxidation of 6 amino acids could not be detected. VSM was found to release ketone bodies when incubated in leucine beta hydroxybutyrate or octanoate. This suggests that the acetoacetyl CoA and/or acetoacetate derived from these substrates is not completely oxidized. The oxidation rate of several substrates when measured individually is inhibited by 50-80% by the presence of a combination of other substrates in the medium. Under these conditions, glucose is a minor substrate for oxidative metabolism accounting for only 5% of O2 consumption. The oxidation rate of all the exogenous substrates together is calculated to account for less than half of the oxygen consumption; this finding indicates that an endogenous substrate must also be utilized. PMID- 7226446 TI - Effects of carnitine isomers on fatty acid metabolism in ischemic swine hearts. PMID- 7226447 TI - Electrophysiological effects of the optical isomers of disopyramide and quinidine in the dog. Dependence on stereochemistry. AB - We studied the electrophysiological effects of the optical isomers of disopyramide and quinidine on canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. Conventional microelectrode techniques were employed to study the effects of racemic disopyramide, (+)-disopyramide, (-)-disopyramide, quinidine, and quinine. Racemic disopyramide, (+)-disopyramide, and quinidine prolonged action potential duration (APD) measured at 90% repolarization. In contrast, (-)-disopyramide and quinine shortened APD. These directionally opposite effects on repolarization were observed throughout 60 minutes exposure to drug and were concentration-dependent. All five components reduced dV/dt of phase 0, increased conduction time, and increased the current requirement for all-or-none depolarization. The effects of all five compounds on dV/dt, conduction time, and current requirements were time- and concentration-dependent. Our results indicate that the stereochemical configurations of disopyramide and quinidine determine their effects on repolarization of cardiac Purkinje fibers. PMID- 7226448 TI - Influence of secobarbital and alpha-chloralose, and of vagal and sympathetic interruption, on left ventricular activation after acute coronary artery occlusion in the dog. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of secobarbital vs. alpha chloralose anesthesia, and of tonic autonomic influence, upon ischemia-induced subepicardial and subendocardial bipolar electrogram changes during acute coronary artery occlusion in the open-chest dog. We found that the degree of bipolar electrogram alterations for similar reductions of regional myocardial blood flow was less in dogs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose than in those anesthetized with secobarbital. We also noted greater electrogram change when the sympathetic system was unopposed by the vagus nerves. Finally, this study demonstrates the reproducibility of ischemia-induced changes in bipolar electrograms during serial, short term, acute coronary artery occlusions. PMID- 7226449 TI - Vascular responses of the perfused intestine to vasoactive agents during the development of two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension in dogs. PMID- 7226450 TI - The effect of hypophysectomy on experimental endothelial cell regrowth and intimal thickening in the rat. AB - We studied the influence of hypophysectomy on endothelial cell regrowth and intimal thickening following aortic endothelial removal. Modification of this influence by replacement doses of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, thyroxin, and growth hormone also was investigated. Young adult male rats were used, and endothelial removal was achieved by the balloon catheter method. Percent endothelial regrowth and percent intimal thickening were quantified 1 or 2 weeks after injury (3 or 5 weeks after hypophysectomy). One week after injury, endothelial regrowth was 64% in hypophysectomized rats and only 54% in controls. At 2 weeks, values were 80% and 79% respectively. Intimal thickening (percent of wall thickness due to intima) at 1 week was 11% in hypophysectomized and 14% in control rats. At 2 weeks, values were 13% and 22%, respectively. All differences between hypophysectomized and control rats at 2 weeks were statistically significant. Neither endothelial regrowth nor intimal thickening in hypophysectomized rats was altered by hormone replacement. Comparison of areas in which endothelium had not regrown suggested that hypophysectomy had a direct effect on intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thus, hypophysectomy suppresses intimal thickening and accelerates endothelial regrowth after wall injury. Neither effect depends on certain known hormones, and these effects are to some extent independent of one another. These findings are relevant to recent work on growth factors and atherogenesis. PMID- 7226451 TI - The significance of the NH3-NH+(4) equilibrium on the passage of 13N-ammonia from blood to brain. A new regional residue detection model. PMID- 7226452 TI - Variable effect of nifedipine on myocardial blood flow at three grades of coronary occlusion in the dog. AB - The effect of nifedipine on myocardial blood flow at various grades of coronary stenosis is unknown, Thus 22 open-chest dogs underwent carotid to left anterior descending perfusion with flow and perfusion pressure monitoring. Grades of coronary occlusion were defined by minimum diastolic perfusion pressure. six dogs (group 1) underwent moderate occlusion to 50 to 55 mm Hg diastolic perfusion pressure; (group 2), severe occlusion to 40 mm Hg perfusion pressure; and six (group 3), more severe occlusion at 25 mm Hg. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres before and after the intracoronary injection of 10 microgram of nifedipine. In group 1, nifedipine induced epicardial hyperemia and little change in endocardial flow in the ischemic zone. In group 2, nifedipine induced epicardial hyperemia from 1.06 to 1.39 mg/g per min, but endocardial flow decreased from 0.70 to 0.60 ml/g per min. In group 3, there was no change in blood flow. Thus the effect of nifedipine on myocardial blood flow depends on the extent of occlusion. Furthermore for certain degrees of occlusion, redistribution of blood flow from endocardium to epicardium has been shown to occur. PMID- 7226453 TI - The blood flow through the "resting" arm during hand-grip contractions. AB - These experiments were designed to add information about the control of the circulation in the contralateral arm during isometric hand-grip contractions. The existing evidence came from two laboratories and was in conflict. The most recent data claimed that there is an inevitable increase in blood flow through the contralateral arm and that it is neurogenically controlled, while some degree of electromyographic activity was not associated with an increase in the blood flow. In the present experiments, the blood flow and the oxygen uptake over the arm were first "calibrated" against the electromyographic activity during isometric contractions at known low tensions. In steady state conditions, there were direct, linear relationships between all four measurements. The "calibrated" arm then became the contralateral (resting) arm, while strong isometric contractions were held by the other hand. Of 12 subjects examined, half showed no increase in blood flow or electromyographic activity. The other six subjects all showed some muscular activity (electromyogram) in the contralateral arm which was always associated with an increase in blood flow and oxygen uptake. Not all those findings fitted the "calibration" closely; the problems of this approach are discussed. PMID- 7226454 TI - The forearm blood flow during intermittent hand-grip isometric exercise. PMID- 7226455 TI - Different behavior of the resistance vessels of the human calf and forearm during contralateral isometric exercise, mental stress, and abnormal respiratory movements. AB - Experiments were conducted in normal human volunteers to compare the response of the forearm and calf vessels to contralateral isometric exercise, mental stress, resisted breathing, coughing, and the Valsalva maneuver. Blood flows were measured by means of strain-gauge plethysmography, arterial blood pressure by auscultation, and heart rate by electrocardiography. Isometric exercise of one forearm (at one-third maximal voluntary contraction) for 90 seconds caused an increase in blood pressure and heart rate; the vascular resistance decreased in the resting forearm, and increased in the calf. The decrease in forearm resistance was greater with the subjects supine and attenuated with the subjects standing or reclining head-down. With arterial occlusion of the exercising forearm just prior to cessation of the handgrip, the blood pressure and the calf resistance remained elevated, while the heart rate returned to control. The forearm resistance increased during the occlusion period and remained elevated throughout it. Mental stress caused an increase in heart rate and blood pressure and a dilation of the forearm but not of the calf vessels; these changes were smaller in standing than in supine subjects. Resisted breathing and coughing caused an increase in heart rate and in forearm blood flow, but not in calf blood flow. The Valsalva maneuver was followed by decreases in blood flow to the upper and lower limbs. The different responses in forearm and calf vessels can be explained by a central component which triggers a vasodilator pathway (possibly cholinergic) which is distributed to forearm but not to calf vessels. PMID- 7226456 TI - Modulation of the somatic reflex by carotid baroreceptors and by cardiopulmonary afferents in animals and in humans. PMID- 7226457 TI - Direct and noninvasive evaluation of the cardiovascular response to isometric exercise. AB - One method for testing cardiac reserve is to increase arterial pressure by isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) which increases the afterload against which the left ventricle must eject blood. In previous invasive studies in patients with cardiac disease, decreased ventricular reserve during IHE was manifest by a marked rise in LVEDP and a fall in cardiac output and stroke work index. To avoid the limitations of invasive techniques, we used M-mode echocardiography and other noninvasive measurements to evaluate the response to IHE in 11 normals and four patients with varying degrees of adriamycin cardiotoxicity. The normal response to IHE was manifest by an increase in heart rate (38%), arterial pressure (40%), cardiac output %53%), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (12%), and endsystolic diameter (6%). There was no essential change in systemic vascular resistance, fractional shortening, or ejection fraction. In five normal subjects, 2 hours after 80 mg of oral propranolol, the response to IHE was altered as follows. Although the rise in arterial pressure was the same, the heart rate increase was blunted, and there was no significant rise in cardiac output. In the adriamycin-treated group the resting heart rate was higher, but the blood pressure response to IHE was the same. Compared to the normals, the adriamycin group had a fall in VCF and a rise in fractional shortening and ejection fraction, together with a rise in end-systolic diameter. Although further studies must be performed, noninvasive characterization of IHE may be helpful in evaluating ventricular reserve. PMID- 7226458 TI - Assessment of left ventricular function in aortic valve disease by isometric exercise. PMID- 7226459 TI - Effect of static and dynamic exercise on heart volume, contractility, and left ventricular dimensions. AB - Echocardiographic measurements in 90 successful athletes were compared with data from untrained subjects and patients with hypertension and cardiomyopathy. The athletes represented sports disciplines requiring predominantly static exercise and power training (weight lifters, hammer-throwers, shot putters) and dynamic or endurance exercise (middle and long distance runners, cyclists, nordic skiers, rowers). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter in well-trained endurance athletes was increased from the normal mean of 47.8 to 53.6 mm. The relationship of ventricular wall thickness to end-diastolic diameter was not affected. With static training, an increase of the end-diastolic diameter in relation to body weight did not occur, but there was a definite increase of septal and posterior wall thickness with an altered ratio between end-diastolic diameter and wall thickness. The ratio stroke volume:heart volume was increased in endurance athletes, but decreased in power athletes. The shortening fraction was not altered by these various forms of training. The ejection fraction was increased in endurance athletes whereas power-trained athletes showed a moderate decrease. There was no indication of myocardial damage in power- or endurance-trained athletes. The critical threshold that is associated with damage is apparently not exceeded during athletic training. PMID- 7226460 TI - Chronic training with static and dynamic exercise: cardiovascular adaptation, and response to exercise. AB - To determine the acute and chronic effects of static and dynamic exercise upon the cardiovascular system, two groups of athletes were studied and compared to untrained control individuals. Thus, 12 long distance runners (LDR) and 17 competitive weight lifters (CWL) were compared to 10 light controls (LC) and 14 heavy controls (HC). The echocardiographically measured left ventricular mass (LVM) was shown to be increased in both groups of athletes. When this mass was related to lean body mass, the LDR demonstrated a significantly increased LVM, whereas the CWL had a LVM similar to that of the HC. During static handgrip exercise, the LDR maintained a relative bradycardia and, consequently, a lower calculated double product when compared to the LC, whereas the CWL reacted similarly to the HC. Further, the LDR demonstrated higher end-diastolic and higher end-systolic volume indices than the LC during static exercise. The exercising stroke volume index and the cardiac index were, however, not significantly different in the LDR compared to the LC. In contrast to the LDR, the cardiovascular dynamics of the CWL changed in a manner very similar to that of the HC during static exercise. This information suggests, therefore, that endurance training alters both the absolute and relative left ventricular mass and the response of the cardiovascular system to static exercise. On the other hand, static exercise training increases the absolute but not the relative left ventricular mass. Also, the immediate hemodynamic response to static exercise is similar in athletes who train with this form of exercise compared to untrained control subjects. PMID- 7226461 TI - Potassium, lactate, and water fluxes in human quadriceps muscle during static contractions. PMID- 7226462 TI - The influence of fiber composition, recruitment order and muscle temperature on the pressor response to isometric contractions in skeletal muscle of the cat. AB - The blood pressure response to isometric exercise was examined in the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the cat at muscle temperatures of 28 and 38 degrees C. Contractions were sustained at tensions of between 10 and 100% of the muscle's initial strength (tetanic tension of the unfatigued muscle) with recruitment proceeding from either the fastest to the slowest or from the slowest to the fastest motor units, respectively. The results of these experiments showed that the blood pressure response throughout the duration of contractions at tensions greater than 10% of the initial strength was constant by either order of recruitment and for both muscle temperatures examined, the mean blood pressure rising linearly from an average value of 101.2 +/- 10.3 mm Hg at the onset of the contraction to 146.3 +/- 14.2 mm Hg at the point of fatigue. In contrast, during contractions at 10% of the initial strength at both muscle temperatures, the blood pressure was lower during the first 20% of the contractions when recruitment proceeded from the slowest to the fastest motor units but stayed the same throughout the remainder of the contractions. The results of these experiments indicate the importance of muscle fiber composition in determining the blood pressure response for weak isometric contractions. PMID- 7226463 TI - Cardiovascular responses to muscle ischemia in humans. PMID- 7226464 TI - Central projections from ergoreceptors (C fibers) in muscle involved in cardiopulmonary responses to static exercise. PMID- 7226465 TI - Cardiovascular response to static exercise in the conscious cat. AB - A chronic, unanesthetized cat preparation was used as an experimental model for the study of cardiovascular response to static exercise. Seven cats were operantly conditioned to hold a bar with their right forelimb against increasing resistance for 15 seconds. The exercise regimen lasted from 3 to 6 months. The cats were instrumented with a left ventricular pressure transducer and a left atrial catheter. With exercise, heart rate (HR, + 10%), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP, + 16%), and maximal rate of pressure development (LV dp/dt, + 15%) increased significantly. The rise in HR began prior to the onset of exercise and reached peak in less than 5 seconds and then decreased to preexercise levels, although LVSP and LV dp/dt remained elevated during exercise. The magnitude of the LVSP response (range 23 to 31 mmHg) was constant after 2 weeks of training even though the exercise intensity was increased 200 g to 700 g. After 3 months of training, the cats were exercised at the intensity first observed to induce a significant LVSP response. Peak HR, LVSP, and LV dp/dt were significantly reduced. Selective autonomic blockade with propranolol, atropine, and combined atropine-propranolol was utilized to elucidate the role of the autonomic nervous system in the cardiovascular responses that occur during voluntary static exercise. The increased HR in response to exercise was mediated primarily by the parasympathetic nervous system, whereas the increases in LV max dp/dt were mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7226466 TI - Response of arterial blood pressure to static exercise in relation to muscle mass, force development, and electromyographic activity. AB - In young men, the arterial blood pressure response during static exercise at 40% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and the response after the contraction with a cuff inflated both were increased when a greater mass of skeletal muscle was involved. Also in men with a previously injured leg, the arterial systolic pressure and the smoothed, rectified electromyographic activity (EMG) were greater during static contraction of the large, strong leg than during static contraction of the small, weak leg at the same percent MVC. However, the arterial systolic pressure and the EMG were almost the same during contraction of either leg when the same force was developed. Finally, in young men, either the force developed was held constant at 20% MVC or the level of the initial EMG at 20% MVC was held constant for 5 minutes. During the force-constant experiments, the EMG doubled and correlated with the 40% increase in mean arterial pressure (r = 0.89). In the EMG-constant experiments, force declined to about 12% MVC with an increase of only 20% in mean arterial pressure. These studies of the response of arterial blood pressure to static muscular contractions can best be explained by both central and peripheral control mechanisms. The central control mechanism "central command" is probably related to the central activity for recruitment of motor units and the peripheral control mechanism is probably mediated by muscle afferents which are excited by metabolic changes in the contracting skeletal muscle. PMID- 7226467 TI - Similarity of the hemodynamic responses to static and dynamic exercise of small muscle groups. PMID- 7226468 TI - Cardiovascular response to combined dynamic and static exercise. AB - The cardiovascular response to combined static handgrip at 20% MVC and dynamic leg exercise was studied in young male subjects. Cardiac output increased by 2.3 liters/min (30%) at isolated handgrip and by 1.0 liter/min (7%) when handgrip was added to dynamic exercise at 100 W. In spite of an increased arterial blood pressure, leg blood flow was unaffected by handgrip, both when it was performed isolated and in combination with dynamic exercise. Temperature measurements in mixed venous blood and subcutaneous tissue indicated an increased blood flow to peripheral circulatory areas. During combinations of handgrip and dynamic exercise at different levels of VO2, heart rate response to handgrip was progressively less marked as maximal oxygen uptake was approached. Therefore a vagal withdrawal seems to be the most important heart rate-increasing mechanism during combined exercise. Systolic blood pressure response to handgrip was still preserved at 25 and 45% of max VO2. At 95% of max VO2, the blood pressure response to handgrip was abolished, probably due to a competitive utilization of the same blood pressure-raising mechanism in dynamic and static exercise. PMID- 7226469 TI - Regional vasomotor responses to the somatopressor reflex from muscle. AB - The present study was performed to determine whether qualitative and quantitative differences are present in the regional vasomotor responses to the somatopressor reflex evoked by stimulation of muscle afferents. Studies were performed in vagotomized, chloralose-anesthetized dogs with the carotid baroreceptor reflex intact. Regional vasomotor responses were determined in the isolated, innervated, constant flow-perfused vascular beds of hindlimb muscle, hindpaw, kidney, gut (superior mesenteric), and heart (circumflex coronary). Somatic afferent fiber stimulation evoked a significant systemic pressor response (+ 42%) and increased heart rate (+ 30%). An initial vasoconstrictor response occurred in all vascular beds studied, with peak reflex responses as follows: muscle +41%, paw +6%, kidney + 17%, gut + 17%, and coronary + 8%. A late, reflex vasodilator effect occurred in the hindpaw and was caused by secondary carotid baroreflex inhibition of vasomotor tone. A late vasodilator component in the coronary bed appeared to be secondary to the inotropic and chronotropic effects of the somatopressor reflex, since coronary vasodilation was eliminated by constant rate pacing and beta adrenergic blockade, and was unaffected by vagotomy. Primary venodilation occurred in the perfused lateral saphenous venous system. Additional experiments demonstrated that spontaneous blood flow to muscle and kidney were significantly increased during the somatopressor reflex despite the generalized vasoconstrictor response. PMID- 7226470 TI - The linearity of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship in man and its sensitivity for assessment of left ventricular function. AB - The linearity and sensitivity of the end-systolic pressure-volume (P-Ves) relation to the inotropic state of the left ventricle were investigated in 11 patients with coronary heart disease and one patient with congestive cardiomyopathy. To minimize autonomic reflex responses, propranolol, 0.15 mg/kg, and atropine, 1 mg, were administered i.v. at the beginning of the study. Three ventriculograms were performed: at rest, after oral isosorbide dinitrate, 10 mg (systolic pressure decrease greater than or equal to 15 mm Hg), and during infusion of methoxamine, 2 mg/min (systolic pressure increase greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg). The three points of the Pv-Ves relation showed linearity (r greater than or equal to 0.96). The relation between the slope k of the P-Ves relation and the left ventricular ejection fraction at rest was best described by an exponential function (r = 0.94). The use of peak systolic pressure instead of end-systolic pressure showed equally good results. The intercept of the P-Ves line on the abscissa, which represents the theoretical end-systolic volume at zero pressure, was not related to the ejection fraction under control conditions. The P-Ves relation in postextrasystolic beats was displaced toward the left (smaller end-systolic volumes) and became steeper. PMID- 7226471 TI - Left ventricular diastolic performance at rest and during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. Assessment with first-pass radionuclide angiography. AB - We used first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography to assess filling fraction during the first third of diastole, peak filling rate and peak filling rate during the first third of diastole as indexes of left ventricular diastolic performance at rest and after upright bicycle exercise in 32 normal patients and 68 patients with coronary artery disease. The mean filling fraction was unchanged from rest to exercise in normal patients (47+/- 15% vs 46 +/- 13%; NS). Even in 49 coronary patients with normal (greater than or equal to 50%) ejection fraction at rest, filling fraction was less than that in normal patients at rest (35 +/- 11% vs 47 +/- 15%, p less than 0.001). Despite similar resting heart rates, patients with coronary disease had lower (p less than 0.001) peak filling rate and peak filling rate during the first third of diastole than normal patients. With exercise, filling fraction decreased (p less than 0.001) from the resting value in coronary patients. These data suggest that (1) indexes of diastolic performance can be noninvasively assessed at rest and during exercise using first pass radionuclide angiocardiography, (2) abnormalities in early diastolic performance are often present at rest in patients with coronary artery disease despite normal systolic performance, and (3) exercise-induced ischemia results in increased early diastolic dysfunction in patients with coronary disease. PMID- 7226472 TI - Transient reduction of regional myocardial perfusion during angina at rest with ST-segment depression or normalization of negative T waves. PMID- 7226473 TI - N-13 ammonia as an indicator of myocardial blood flow. PMID- 7226474 TI - Myocardial metabolic and hemodynamic effects of dobutamine in heart failure complicating coronary artery disease. PMID- 7226475 TI - Reduced volume fraction of myofibrils in myocardium of patients with decompensated pressure overload. PMID- 7226476 TI - Aortic input impedance in man: acute response to vasodilator drugs. AB - In 18 patients who underwent coronary arteriography, aortic velocity and pressure data were obtained during a control state and during either isoproterenol infusion at 1, 2 and 3 micrograms/min or graded nitroprusside infusion (average peak dose 60 micrograms/min). Impedance moduli and phase angles were derived to 10 Hz for controls states, isoproterenol at 2 micrograms/min, and at peak nitroprusside effect. Averaged control data included a mean resistance of 1460 dyn-sec-cm-5 and a characteristic impedance of 88 dyn-sec-cm-5 The characteristic impedance did not correlate with age (r = 0.21), coronary artery disease score (r = 0.17) or mean aortic pressure (r = -0.01). In 11 patients, isoproterenol induced a 38% reduction in mean resistance and a 10% reduction in mean aortic pressure. There was slight reduction in characteristic impedance and phase angles became less negative, to 2 Hz. In seven patients, nitroprusside induced a 38% reduction in mean resistance and a 22% reduction in mean aortic pressure. Impedance moduli decreased to 1.8 Hz and phase angles became less negative, to 3 Hz. Based on the different cardiovascular actions of these two drugs, the data suggest that vasodilators do not induce significant changes in the aortic impedance spectrum when not associated with a decrease in mean aortic pressure. PMID- 7226477 TI - Left ventricular functional reserve in adult patients with atrial septal defect: pre- and postoperative studies. PMID- 7226478 TI - Late cardiac tamponade after open heart surgery: incidence, role of anticoagulants in its pathogenesis and its relationship to the postpericardiotomy syndrome. PMID- 7226479 TI - The arm-ankle pressure gradient in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in intermittent claudication. AB - The arm-ankle systolic pressure gradient was measured in 165 male patients with intermittent claudication and was correlated with different combinations of known cardiovascular risk factors. The pressure gradient increased with increasing number of risk factors. We conclude that intermittent claudication may be used as a simple model for studies of arteriosclerosis, the arm-ankle systolic pressure gradient being a measure of the degree of arteriosclerosis between heart and ankle. PMID- 7226480 TI - Premature ventricular complexes in the absence of identifiable heart disease. AB - To define the prevalence, frequency and characteristics of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in adults free of recognizable heart disease, we performed 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiography on 101 subjects (51 men and 50 women, mean age 48.8 years) in whom physical examination, chest x-ray, ECG, echocardiogram, maximal exercise stress test, right- and left-heart catheterization and coronary arteriography were normal. Thirty-nine subjects had at least 1 PVC/24 hours, but only four had more than 100 PVCs/24 hours and fewer than five had more than five PVCs in any given hour. The probability of having at least 1 PVC/24 hours increased with age (chi square = 11.789, p = 0.019). The number of PVCs/24 hours was also positively associated with age (4 = 0.33, p = 0.001). These was no consistent relationship between the presence or number of PVCs/24 hours and sex, blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index, serum potassium or calcium, cholesterol and triglyceride, hemoglobin, the ingestion of coffee, tea or alcohol, and cigarette smoking. Four subjects had multiform PVCs, two of whom had early PVCs. PMID- 7226481 TI - Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in leads V1 or aVL. A predictor of anterior myocardial ischemia and left anterior descending coronary artery disease. AB - Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in leads V1 and/or aVL in the absence of anterior Q waves occurred in 46 of 190 patients (24%) who underwent 12-lead exercise electrocardiography with thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary arteriography. Significant left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) disease was present in 38 of 46 patients (83%) with V1/aVL ST evaluation and in 72 of 144 patients (50%) without V1/aVL ST elevation (p less than 0.0005). Anterior myocardial ischemia, indicated by reversible anterior perfusion defects on thallium scanning, was present in 40 of 46 patients (87%) with V1/aVL ST elevation and in 25 of 144 patients (17%) without V1/aVL ST elevation (p less than 0.0005). Exercise ST elevation in V1/aVL was detected in 38 of 110 of the patients (35%) with LAD disease, for a specificity of 90%, and in 40 of 65 of the patients (62%) with anterior myocardial ischemia, for a specificity of 95%. We conclude that during 12-lead exercise electrocardiography, ST-segment elevation in V1 and/or a VL in the absence of anterior Q waves predicts anterior myocardial ischemia and LAD disease. PMID- 7226482 TI - R-wave amplitude variations during acute experimental myocardial ischemia: an inadequate index for changes in intracardiac volume. AB - The role of intracardiac volume in controlling electrocardiographic R-wave amplitude changes during acute myocardial ischemia was studied in 24 open-chest dogs. The R-wave amplitude in surface ECG leads 2, V5 and Frank X, Y and Z leads were correlated with hemodynamic, echocardiographic and angiographic changes in a 5-minute circumflex coronary artery ligation and reperfusion model. After coronary ligation, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and volume increased progressively above control, reached a peak and plateau at 120--130 seconds after ligation and did not return to control levels until more than 5 minutes after release of the occlusion. In contrast, the R-wave amplitude showed a biphasic response to acute ischemia, reaching a nadir (sigma R = 18.2% below control) at 30 seconds after coronary ligation and only subsequently increased to reach a peak (sigma R = 52% above control) at 150 seconds after ligation. In addition, R wave amplitude returned immediately to control levels within 10 seconds after reperfusion. In six other dogs, both venae cavae were occluded for a 30-second period, beginning 180 seconds after coronary ligation. Although intracardiac volume decreased markedly, R-wave amplitudes increased even more. Thus, the demonstration of discordance between alterations in intracardiac volume and R wave amplitude in these studies suggests that factors other than intracardiac volume determine R-wave amplitude changes in the course of acute myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7226484 TI - Asystolic episodes during pacemaker implantation. AB - During normal rate programming of a pulse generator from slower to more rapid rates, intervals of output impulse suppression lasting 2 seconds plus the newly programmed interval to a maximum of 3.935 seconds are possible, and are a result of the pulse interval control system. These occur if programming falls within the susceptible window (the period between the existing interval and the new one) but will not take place if the programming command is given immediately after an output pulse. Four incidents with resulting ventricular asystole of up to 2.8 seconds are documented and explained. No significant clinical complications were observed. PMID- 7226483 TI - The transition to ventricular fibrillation induced by reperfusion after acute ischemia in the dog: a period of organized epicardial activation. AB - Ventricular fibrillation was induced in eight of 10 open-chest dogs by reperfusion after a 15-minute occlusion of the proximal circumflex coronary artery. Simultaneous recordings were made from 27 epicardial electrodes spaced over both ventricles. Analysis of the initial 1.5--2.5 seconds of the transition from sinus rhythm or ventricular tachycardia to fibrillation revealed that ventricular activation occurred in an orderly, rapidly repeating sequence in all hearts. Each activation from arose near the border of the ischemic-reperfused region and passed across the nonischemic portion of the ventricles to the opposite side of the heart as a single, organized wavefront. As the arrhythmia progressed, the time between the appearance of successive activation fronts on the epicardium decreased. Concurrently, the time for each activation front to traverse the ventricles increased. The stimulation increase in rate of appearance and decrease in conduction velocity for each successive cycle resulted in overlapping cycles in which a new activation front arose from the ischemic reperfused region before the previous front terminated over the right ventricle. The overlap between successive activation fronts increased as the arrhythmia continued. Thus, ventricular activation during the transition to ventricular fibrillation arose near the border of the ischemic-reperfused region and was organized as it passed across the nonischemic tissue, but the body surface ECG appeared disorganized because of variable spacing between successive, coexistent activation fronts. PMID- 7226485 TI - His-Purkinje responses and refractory periods during atrial extrastimulation in children with heart defects. AB - During atrial extrastimulation, split His potentials, prolonged His-to ventricular (H2V2) intervals and block distal to the His bundle deflection were observed in both preoperative and postoperative children with heart defects. His Purkinje responses and refractoriness were identified in 31 of 78 (40%) pediatric patients (20 of 51 preoperative and 11 of 27 postoperative) during atrial extrastimulation coupled to sinus and/or paced cycle lengths. Split His potentials were found in 14 patients (eight preoperative and six postoperative) and His bundle relative refractory periods ranged from 250--490 msec. Prolonged H2V2 intervals were found in these and in an additional 16 patients (11 preoperative and five postoperative) and the relative refractory period of the His-Purkinje system ranged from 230--500 msec. Block distal to the His deflection occurred in seven patients (five preoperative and two postoperative) and the effective refractory period ranged from 230--510 msec. Split His potentials, long H2V2 intervals and block distal to the His bundle deflection produced by atrial extrastimulation were found in peroperative as well as postoperative children. These responses probably represent functional electrophysiologic characteristics of the pediatric cardiac conduction system. PMID- 7226486 TI - Quantitation of human left ventricular mass and volume by two-dimensional echocardiography: in vitro anatomic validation. PMID- 7226487 TI - Contrast echocardiographic evaluation of changes in flow velocity in the right side of the heart. PMID- 7226488 TI - Visualization of cardiac valve motion in man during external chest compression using two-dimensional echocardiography. Implications regarding the mechanism of blood flow. AB - Five patients who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography to assess valve motion. The mitral valve remained open throughout the entire compression-release cycle of CPR. The aortic valve opened during the compression phase of CPR and closed during the release phase. The pulmonic valve moved toward the closed position during the compression phase and the valve leaflets opened during release. Tricuspid valve leaflets never completely apposed, even during maximum chest compression, and they were widely open during release. Left ventricular dimensions did not change appreciably during CPR. These findings support the theory that forward blood flow during CPR depends on a generalized increase in intrathoracic pressure and not on direct compression of the heart itself. The left heart appears to act as a conduit for passage of blood, and mitral valve closure is not necessary for forward blood flow during CPR. PMID- 7226489 TI - Cholesterol, lipoproteins, apoproteins, and heart disease: present status and future prospects. PMID- 7226490 TI - Modified heparin-Sepharose procedure for determination of plasma lipolytic activities of normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects after injection of heparin. AB - A modified heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography procedure (Boberg et al., J. Lipid Res. 18:544-547, 1977) was developed to determine two different triglyceride lipase activities in human post-heparin plasma: hepatic triglyceride lipase (I) and lipoprotein lipase (II). With this procedure, lipoproteins were separated from the eluted lipases. The total lipolytic activity of II was eluted from heparin-Sepharose by heparin. The use of heparin as eluting agent prevents the partial inhibition of II, in contrast to the procedure based on elution of II with a high concentration of NaCl. In a comparative study with the modified heparin-Sepharose affinity column chromatography, the immunochemical and protamine sulfate inhibition procedures, the results indicated that these three procedures are equally suitable for the determination of I and II from normolipidemic subjects. However, because of possible interference by plasma, the column-chromatographic procedure is the preferred method for measuring lipase concentrations in post-heparin plasma of hyperlipidemic patients. The II activity of post-heparin plasma from normolipidemic subjects was not significantly age-(20 39 and 40-60 years) or sex-related. I activity was also not significantly different with respect to age, but was significantly greater in men than in women. PMID- 7226491 TI - Improved colorimetric assay for glycosylated hemoglobin. AB - This colorimetric assay for glycosylated hemoglobin can be performed in 120 min with equipment available in most clinical laboratories. The glucose moiety of glycosylated hemoglobin is converted to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by heating with oxalic acid for 60 min is an autoclave at 124 degrees C and 124 kPa (18 lb/in.2). The adduct formed by reacting 2-thiobarbituric acid with hydroxymethylfurfural is measured photometrically and results are expressed either as nanomoles of hydroxymethylfurfural or as fructose equivalents. Within-assay and between-assay coefficients of variation were less than 2% and less than 3%, respectively. Comparison of results for 50 patients' specimens as measured by the present assay and as analyzed for hemoglobin A1c by liquid chromatography showed excellent correlation (r = 0.98). PMID- 7226492 TI - Use of a dried blood spot in immunoreactive-trypsin assay for detection of cystic fibrosis in infants. AB - We assayed more than 5000 blood spots dried on filter paper and approximately 1000 serum samples for immunoreactive trypsin, with commercial reagents (Behring and Sorin). The assay procedures were modified so that newborn screening is technically feasible. Both kits are satisfactory for serum assay, but the Sorin materials are better adapted for blood spot analysis. Immunoreactive trypsin in blood spots rapidly decreases with specimen age, but is stable in frozen serum. Values for premature infants do not differ significantly from those for full-term babies. Children with cystic fibrosis were readily distinguished from those without, up to at least one year of age. PMID- 7226493 TI - Effect of serum dilution on apparent unbound bilirubin concentration as measured by the peroxidase method. AB - I studied the effects of serum dilution and oxidation of albumin-bound bilirubin on the accuracy of results by the peroxidase method for assessing bilirubin albumin binding. The apparent concentration of unbound bilirubin decreases with dilution of bilirubin-enriched serum or defatted-albumin solutions, the effect being more marked with serum. The decrease in apparent unbound bilirubin does not appear to be due to slow oxidation of albumin-bound bilirubin. Instead, the bilirubin-albumin complex has a much lower apparent dissociation rate constant (K 1) in serum (0.0033 [SD 0.0002] s-1) than in solutions of defatted-albumin (0.017 [SD 0.006] s-1), causing the dissociation of the complex to be rate-limiting when serum is analyzed at the currently recommended 40-fold dilution and peroxidase concentration (0.11 mu mol/L). In addition, dilution appears to enhance bilirubin binding by serum but not by defatted-albumin solutions. Decreasing the serum dilution and peroxidase concentration may significantly improve the accuracy of the peroxidase test. The actual correlation between clinical bilirubin toxicity and specific unbound bilirubin concentrations, however, remains to be determined. PMID- 7226494 TI - Radioimmunoassay for pteroylglutamic acid. AB - I describe a radioimmunoassay for specific determination of pteroylglutamate in plasma, erythrocytes, and urine. Antiserum was raised in rabbits immunized with a conjugate of pteroylglutamic acid and methylated bovine serum albumin. The lowest detection limit of the assay was 0.1 microgram/L; the coefficient of variation ranged from 4.01 to 14.63%. No significant interference was demonstrated from tetrahydrofolic acid, 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid, or methotrexate. Under normal sampling and storing conditions dihydrofolic acid was oxidized to pteroylglutamic acid and estimated as such in the assay. The clinical applicability of the assay is demonstrated by measurements of pteroylglutamate absorption rates after oral doses of pteroylglutamic acid or pteroyltriglutamic acid and by the estimation of the accumulation of pteroylglutamate and dihydrofolate in plasma during therapy with methotrexate. PMID- 7226495 TI - Laser nephelometry of orosomucoid in serum of newborns: reference intervals and relation to bacterial infections. AB - Orosomucoid was evaluated by laser-nephelometry in 1790 sera collected from 1170 newborns. Within-run precision (CV) was 2.1 to 4.2%, between-run 2.9 to 5.2%. Results correlated well with radial immunodiffusion (r = 0.989). Results can be obtained within 1 h. Orosomucoid concentrations in serum at birth range from 130 to 200 mg/L and are influenced by gestational age during the first two days of postnatal life. Thereafter, the values increase very rapidly in the first week of life, concentrations being the same as in adults by about 10 months. In 66 of 78 cases of severe bacterial infections, orosomucoid concentrations were above normal. Evidently, serum orosomucoid constitutes an useful index in diagnosis and monitoring of bacterial infections in the neonatal period. PMID- 7226496 TI - Two-hour assay for lutropin during ovulation. AB - A rapid lutropin assay with a 2-h incubation time and a second antibody/polyethylene glycol separation step is presented. Assay time is shortened by incubating at 37 degrees C and using relatively high concentrations of antibody and radioligand. The interval required for the antigen/antibody reaction varies directly with lutropin concentration, from 1 h for ovulation values to 8 h for low values. After a 2-h incubation, low concentrations have reached 80% of their equilibrium concentration. Separation of the bound fraction by use of combined second antibody/polyethylene glycol (50 g/L) gave one-third the nonspecific binding and as rapid a separation as with polyethylene glycol (180 g/L) alone. Optimal conditions for separating the immune complex were established, and separation was found to be independent of protein concentrations in urine or serum. This tested assay can detect increasing and ovulatory lutropin concentrations in urine or serum, but with some sacrifice in sensitivity. PMID- 7226497 TI - The 16-hour-standing test and lipoprotein electrophoresis compared for detection of chylomicrons in plasma. AB - We compared the 16-hour-standing plasma test to lipoprotein electrophoresis on agarose gel for detection of chylomicrons in 129 patients' samples with triglyceride values greater than or equal to 4.00 g/L. Chylomicrons were observed in 12 samples (9.3%) by use of the standing-plasma test and in 58 samples (45.0%) by use of agarose-gel electrophoresis. Thus the standing-plasma test did not detect chylomicrons in 46 samples where they were observed by electrophoresis, or 79.3% of all cases where chylomicrons were present. Chylomicronemia was missed in the presence of lower triglyceride concentrations as well as at very high ones. We recommend that lipoprotein electrophoresis be routinely performed on plasma of patients with triglycerides concentrations greater than 4.00 g/L to distinguish between types IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia, as well as to detect failure of a patient to fast before sample collection. PMID- 7226498 TI - Standardization of immunochemical determinations of serum albumin. AB - When we compared four commercially available preparations of human serum albumin with the human serum standard IFCC 74/1 by radial immunodiffusion, by immunoprecipitation turbidimetry, by laser nephelometry, and by "rocket" immunoelectrophoresis, three of the preparations gave almost "theoretical" results with the immunoprecipitation turbidimetric method. Results by the other three methods tended inconsistently to be low. Four pools of normal human serum were also analyzed for albumin by these four immunochemical methods, again with IFCC 74/1 as the reference standard. The results were virtually identical with those obtained by fractionation with 1.8 mol/L sodium sulfate and determination of protein nitrogen in the filtrate. We suggest that a combination of (a) fractionation of a pool of normal human serum in this way and (b) critical comparison with selected commercial preparations of human serum albumin will permit standardization of the serum albumin determination. PMID- 7226499 TI - Automated Jendrassik-Grof method for measurement of bilirubin in serum with the Greiner Selective Analyzer (GSA II D), and comparison with the method involving diazotized 2,4-dichloroaniline. AB - We automated the Jendrassik-Grof method for measurement of bilirubin with the Greiner Selective Analyzer GSA II D. Comparison with the manual Jendrassik-Grof method showed a highly significant correlation coefficient of 0.994 for total and 0.980 for "direct" bilirubin measurement. The automated method showed good precision and was linear to 667 mu mol/L, the highest concentration tested. Addition of hemolysate caused a greater effect on the measurement of direct bilirubin than on total bilirubin. The inhibitory effect on measurement of total bilirubin, though small, was statistically significant at hemoglobin concentrations greater than 2 g/L. Comparison with the method involving diazotized 2,4-dichloroaniline showed the Jendrassik-Grof method to be relatively less affected by hemolysis and turbidity in the measurement of total bilirubin. PMID- 7226500 TI - A kinetic standard for precise calibration of spectrophotometer cell temperature. AB - We describe a simple, highly reproducible kinetic technique for precisely measuring temperature in spectrophotometric systems having reaction cells that are inaccessible to conventional temperature probes. The method is based on the temperature dependence of pseudo-first-order rate constants for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of N-o-tolyl-D-glucosylamine. Temperatures of reaction cuvette contents are measured with a precision of +/- 0.05 degrees C (1 SD). PMID- 7226502 TI - Volume of blood removed for analytical purposes during hospitalization of low birthweight infants. AB - Iatrogenic hazards may be induced by blood sampling in very-low-birthweight neonates. We report the number and types of analyses performed on 20 neonates with a birthweight below 1500 g during their first four weeks of hospitalization. Blood was sampled one to 13 times per infant per day on 382 of the 435 total days of hospitalization. The average blood loss was 7 to 51 mL per kilogram of body weight per four weeks--that is, from 5 to 45% of the calculated total blood volume. Of the blood removed, about 25% was in excess of the need for analytical procedures. Of the analyses, 40% were for acid-base, sodium, and potassium analyses--analyses for which transcutaneous methodology has been or is being developed. We conclude that because of the risks for low-birthweight neonates, procedures for blood sampling and analysis should periodically be reviewed, so as to minimize the number of samplings and the amount of blood removed. PMID- 7226501 TI - Interference of levodopa and its metabolites with colorimetry of uric acid. AB - Reportedly, levodopa (L-DOPA) administration produces spuriously high values for plasma uric acid as measured by the commonly used phosphotungstic acid hydroxylamine colorimetric method. We confirm this interference, not only by L DOPA but also by three of its major metabolites: dopamine, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. However, at therapeutic concentrations in plasma (less than 5 mg/L), the maximum spurious uric acid concentration due to L-DOPA is less than 2 mg/L. Also, at reported peak plasma concentrations of L-DOPA plus three of its major metabolites, the maximum spurious uric acid concentration due to all four compounds combined is less than 8.5 mg/L. Therefore, the hyperuricemia observed with this method in some patients who are chronically receiving L-DOPA cannot be attributed only to interference by L-DOPA and its metabolites in the colorimetric determination of uric acid. Evidently L-DOPA may increase laboratory values for plasma uric acid concentrations, both by pharmacological and chemical mechanisms. PMID- 7226503 TI - Plasma lead values: are they accurate? PMID- 7226504 TI - Considerations in counting gamma-emitting radionuclides. PMID- 7226506 TI - Falsely low normal values for serum ferritin? PMID- 7226505 TI - Minimizing instrumental response to urine components causing atypical colors with bilirubin reagent strips. PMID- 7226507 TI - Use of potassium dichromate as a surrogate standard for beta-carotene determination. PMID- 7226508 TI - Sex- and age-related influences on carcinoembryonic antigen in blood. PMID- 7226509 TI - "High-performance" radial chromatography for semiquantitative salbutamol and terbutaline determination in urine. PMID- 7226510 TI - Stability of vitamin D metabolites in human blood serum and plasma. PMID- 7226511 TI - Cross reaction of thyroxine in kit radioimmunoassays for triiodothyronine. PMID- 7226512 TI - Liquid-chromatographic determination of serotonin and tryptophan in whole blood and plasma. PMID- 7226514 TI - On the interpretation of diagnostic tests: a common logical fallacy. PMID- 7226513 TI - Sublimation losses of salicylic acid from plasma during analysis. PMID- 7226515 TI - Bromide interferes with determination of chloride by each of four methods. PMID- 7226517 TI - Development of paper electrophoresis. PMID- 7226516 TI - Immunochemical determination of LD-1 and LD-2 in CK-MB fraction of column eluates. PMID- 7226518 TI - Paracetamol interference with YSI glucose analyzer. PMID- 7226519 TI - A new colorimetric method for the estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin. AB - A new colorimetric method, based on the phenol sulphuric acid reaction of carbohydrates, is described for the determination of glycosylated hemoglobin. Hemolyzates were treated with 1 mol/l oxalic acid in 2 mol/l Hcl for 4 h at 100 degrees C, the protein was precipitated with trichloroacetic acid, and the free sugars and hydroxymethyl furfural in the protein free supernatant were treated with phenol and sulphuric acid to form the color. The new method is compared to the thiobarbituric acid method and the ion-exchange chromatographic method for the estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin in normals and diabetics. The increase in glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients as estimated by the phenol sulphuric acid method was more significant (P less than 0.001) than the increase observed by the thiobarbituric acid method (P less than 0.01). The correlation between the phenol-sulphuric acid method and the column method was better (r = 0.91) than the correlation between the thiobarbituric acid method and the column method (r = 0.84). No significant correlation between fasting and postprandial blood sugar level and glycosylated hemoglobin level as determined by the two colorimetric methods was observed in diabetic patients. PMID- 7226520 TI - Rapid gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of [15N]urea: application to human metabolic studies. AB - A rapid gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for [15N]urea analysis is described which is based on the formation of a TFA-urea derivative. The method is extremely sensitive, being capable of detecting less than 0.2 atom % excess [15N]urea in as little as 50 microliter of plasma and 10 microliter of urine with a coefficient of variation of 11%. The method was used to measure in vivo the disappearance of [15N]urea from plasma and the incorporation of [15N]ammonium acetate into [15N]urea. The values obtained for urea pool size and flux are 4.5 +/- 0.30 g nitrogen/total body weight and 16.2 +/- 1.34 g nitrogen per 24 h per 1.73 m2. Following the ingestion of [15N]ammonium acetate nearly 90% of the 15N label was incorporated into [15N]urea by 30 min. PMID- 7226521 TI - Mucolipidosis I: studies of sialidase activity and a prenatal diagnosis. AB - The characteristics of the sialidase (N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminidase) of human leukocytes, fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cell cultures were determined with a radioactive assay method utilizing neuramin-[3H]lactitol as the enzyme substrate. Fibroblast cultures from patients with the inherited sialidase deficiency diseases including mucolipidosis I, sialidosis I and sialidosis II, juvenile type have less than 10% of normal sialidase activity using either this substrate, 2 (3'-methoxyphenyl)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminic acid, or 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-N acetyl-alpha-neuraminic acid. The total sialic acid content of fibroblasts and leukocytes from mucolipidosis I and sialidosis I patients is greatly elevated; this parameter is useful in establishing a diagnosis of sialidase deficiency. The sialic acid content of sialidosis II, juvenile type, with coexistent sialidase and beta-galactosidase deficiencies, is only slightly elevated above normal levels. A patient with mucolipidosis I has 16% of normal neuramin-[3H]lactitol sialidase activity in his peripheral leukocytes. His parents were clearly distinguished from the normal range using leukocyte enzyme levels and a maternal aunt was identified as a possible carrier. The presence of this enzyme in amniotic fluid cell cultures, both fibroblastic and mixed cell type, makes possible the prenatal detection of these diseases. A pregnancy from a family at risk for having a child with mucolipidosis I was monitored by amniocentesis and subsequent sialidase measurement of the amniotic fluid cell cultures. PMID- 7226522 TI - Serum and urinary biotin levels during treatment of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. AB - Measurements of blood and urine biotin levels have been performed during treatment of a patient with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. During the first 24 hours of therapy, the infant progressed from a moribund, shock-like state to a clinically normal baby. Urinary biotin concentration increased more that 100-fold after 12 hours of treatment. Within 48 hours of treatment, blood biotin levels were greater than 10 times control levels. On the basis of the data presented, it is suggested that therapeutic blood levels of biotin can be achieved by enteral administration of 10 mg of biotin per day. PMID- 7226524 TI - Analysis of chlorpromazine in plasma: effect of specimen storage. PMID- 7226523 TI - Acute effects of a single exercise session on serum lipids in untrained men. AB - Acute reductions in triglycerides and calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol with little change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol have been reported in trained men after a single exercise session. To examine if a similar acute exercise effect occurs in sedentary subjects, wer measured triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in eight sedentary men before and for 66 hours after a single 30-minute exercise session. The exercise was designed to simulate a typical exercise training session for untrained subjects. An isolated reduction in estimated low density lipoprotein cholesterol was observed 66 hours after the exercise. All other serum lipid measurements at 5 minutes and 1, 4, 18, 42, and 66 hours after exercise did not differ from pre-race concentrations. Consequently, the reductions in triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol reported in previously sedentary subjects after exercise training are a chronic rather than an acute exercise effect. PMID- 7226525 TI - A rapid gas-chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of clomethiazole in human serum. AB - A rapid method without elaborate instrumentation for the determination of clomethiazole serum concentrations is described. This method is suitable for a routine clinical laboratory, and the results, from 37 patients investigated by this method which are presented, are comparable to results described by other authors. A relationship between dose ingested and serum concentration can be established. The determination of clomethiazole serum concentrations is useful as an adjunct to overall clinical assessment, and helpful in establishing a suitable dosage regimen of clomethiazole for the individual patient; it can also be used to verify suspected clomethiazole abuse or overdose. PMID- 7226526 TI - Circulating levels of pregnancy zone protein: normal range and the influence of age and gender. AB - Serum levels of pregnancy zone protein (PZP) were measured in 506 apparently normal males and 329 normal non-pregnant females, the age range being 18 to 70 years. The estimations of PZP were performed by sensitive radio-rocket-line immunoelectrophoresis. The distribution of the data had a marked positive skew in both sexes which was reduced following logarithmic transformation. Serum concentrations in both men and women were found to increase significantly with advancing age. This increase and the mean concentrations were significantly higher in females. PMID- 7226527 TI - Increased plasma antithrombin III level in hyperlipidemic subjects. AB - When compared to values obtained in healthy normolipidemic normal weight control subjects, the plasma antithrombin III level determined by immunological, clotting and thrombin-agarose diffusion techniques was found to be obviously decreased in patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver and slightly but significantly increased in hyperlipidemic and especially in hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Plasma antithrombin III was positively correlated with serum cholesterol level, the logarithm of serum triglyceride concentration and serum pseudocholinesterase activity. A weaker correlation between plasma fibrinogen and antithrombin III was noted in the investigated clinical material. It is suggested that the accelerated fatty acid and lipoprotein turnover occurring in many subjects with type IIb and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia might be accompanied by an enhanced hepatic protein synthesis involving various liver secretion enzymes and clotting factors as well as antithrombin III. PMID- 7226528 TI - Radioiodination of human growth hormone with characterization and minimization of the commonly defined "damaged products". AB - The radioiodination and chromatographic purification of human growth hormone (hGH) has been studied in order to better define and control the so-called "preparation damage", which is often a cause of interferences, loss in specific activity and sensitivity, misclassification errors in radioligand assays, and a source of misinterpretation when the tracer is used in receptors or in vivo studies. A series of labelings and false labelings, with and without protein carrier in the buffer used for Sephadex purification, indicate that the "preparation damage" peak is made up of two components: aggregated 125I-hGH and BSA-carried radioactivity. The former can be minimized by the use of recently extracted non-lyophilized hGH, and the latter by enzymatic labeling. Both components can be better resolved, and thus eliminated, when Sephadex G-100 is employed rather than G-75. PMID- 7226529 TI - Amino acid analysis of elastin hydrolysates using a lithium citrate gradient: quantification of elastin from whole lung. AB - A method to quantitate the elastin content in lungs is described. Desmosine and isodesmosine, the cross-linking amino acids unique to elastin, were measured directly from acid hydrolysates of hamster and human lungs by amino acid analysis. A Durrum D-500 (Dionex) amino acid analyzer, with a modified lithium citrate buffer gradient was used. Results compared favorably with those obtained by gravimetric and microenzymatic techniques, and the method described could be used for the quantification of elastin in biopsy specimens PMID- 7226530 TI - Balanced globin synthesis in idiopathic myelofibrosis. AB - Four patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis were found to have microcytic and/or hypochromic red cell indexes. The alpha/beta globin synthetic ratio determined by incubating peripheral blood with [14C]leucine was within normal limits in all patients studied. This is unlike a recent report of acquired hemoglobin H disease with decreased alpha/beta synthetic ratio in primary myelofibrosis. This indicates that mechanisms other than alpha-thalassemia-like defects may also be involved in the production of microcytic and hypochromic red cells in myelofibrosis. PMID- 7226531 TI - Comparative studies of pure alkaline phosphatases from five human tissues. AB - The alkaline phosphatases present in the human tissues liver, kidney, intestine, placenta and a serum from a patient with Paget's disease of bone have been purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity elution from a phosphonic acid Sepharose derivative. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS gave subunit molecular weights ranging from 74 000 for the enzyme form placenta to 95 800 for the enzyme from kidney. The purified native and desialylated enzymes have been characterized by agar electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. All five of the native enzymes behaved differently but the desialylated forms from liver, Paget's serum and kidney were indistinguishable in both systems. The desialylated enzyme from placenta and the enzyme from intestine behaved differently from each other and from the above mentioned group. The isoelectric points ranged from less than 4 for the native enzyme from liver to 7.01 for the desialylated forms of the enzymes from liver, kidney and Paget's serum. The effects of a number of factors on the thermostability of the purified enzymes were studied. Phosphate decreased the stability and human serum albumin increased the stability of most molecular forms. Desialylation had no effect on thermostability. These results and those from inhibition studies with L-phenylalanine, L-homoarginine, phosphate and vanadate support the 3-gene hypothesis advanced from structural studies. PMID- 7226532 TI - A rapid gas chromatographic method for the determination of plasma polyamines and its application to the prediction of tumour response to chemotherapy. AB - Isobutyloxycarbonyl derivatives of the polyamines, spermidine, spermine and putrescine in 1 ml plasma were analysed on a mixed phase, 1.5% SE-30, 0.15% FFAP, column by temperature-programmed gas chromatography using a nitrogen-sensitive glass bead detector. Levels in 60 normal subjects (mean +/- 2- S.D.) were 0.13 +/ 0.08 mumol/l for spermidine, 0.02 +/- 0.04 for spermine and less than or equal to 0.18 for putrescine. Elevated spermidine levels were found pre-treatment in only 20% of patients with advanced metastatic cancer, reflecting the lack of sensitivity of polyamines as markers for malignant disease. However, serial studies in 26 patients undergoing remission induction chemotherapy showed that a significant rise in plasma spermidine within 48 h correlated with subsequent clinical response (p less than 0.001). Tumour response to chemotherapy can be predicted by the assay of plasma polyamines. PMID- 7226533 TI - Cholesterol content of serum lipoprotein fractions in children maintained on chronic hemodialysis. AB - Lipoprotein analyses were performed on serum samples from nine hemodialyzed children, 8 to 18 years old, and from nine pair-matched control children. Cholesterol was measured by gas-liquid chromatography in lipoprotein fractions separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Total serum triglycerides and cholesterol levels were higher in the hemodialyzed group. Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was higher. The increase of low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and the decrease of high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were not significant, but the ratio of the low density lipoprotein cholesterol to the high density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased. These results outline the potential risk of premature atherosclerosis in uremic children on maintenance hemodialysis. In addition, lipoprotein cholesterol reference values are presented from a group of 113 healthy children. PMID- 7226534 TI - Volatile fatty acids in human peripheral and portal blood: quantitative determination vacuum distillation and gas chromatography. AB - In order to determine volatile fatty acids (VFA) in human blood, gas chromatographic analyses were performed after blood samples had been pre-treated by a vacuum distillation procedure with subsequent evaporation. Results of the reproducibility study, investigated by pre-treating five aliquots of one human serum sample showed C.V. values ranging from 7.4 to 18.2. Normal serum VFA values were determined in individual serum samples collected from healthy subjects and compared to those present in serum from patients undergoing gall-bladder surgery. The serum VFA values were comparable in the two groups. In the surgical patients, blood was also collected from the portal circulation. All portal serum VFA values, except that of iso-butyric acid, were higher than those found in the samples collected from the peripheral arm vein. VFA values were also determined in serum specimens obtained from blood collected from the arm vein of patients with extensive cirrhosis of the liver. The VFA values showed marked individual variations and were higher than those found in peripheral samples from healthy subjects and patients undergoing gall-bladder surgery, but were lower than those found in samples from the portal circulation from the surgical patients. PMID- 7226535 TI - beta-Glucuronidase-resistant bilirubin glucuronide isomers in cholestatic liver disease--determination of bilirubin metabolites in serum by means of high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - "Direct reacting bilirubin" in serum of patients with cholestatic liver disease and in serum of bile duct-ligated rats consists of a complex mixture of bilirubin metabolites. These metabolites were studied by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography. Bilirubin glucuronides in normal bile are beta-glycosidic 1-O acyl conjugates which are completely hydrolyzed on incubation with beta glucuronidase. Cholestatic serum contains glucuronide and non-glucuronide bilirubin metabolites. The glucuronides were only partially hydrolyzable with beta-glucuronidase. Compernolle et al. [11] showed that the 1-O-acyl bond of bilirubin glucuronides is labile and prone to migrate from the C1 position at the glucuronosyl residue to positions C2, C3 and C4. The isomerisation products are non-beta-glycosidic, beta-glucuronidase-resistant conjugates. The main beta glucuronidase-resistant conjugates in cholestatic serum were characterized as: non-beta-glycosidic bilirubin monoglucuronide, non-beta-glycosidic diglucuronide and a diglucuronide isomer with beta-glycosidic and non-beta-glycosidic glucuronosyl groups. Moreover, a substantial amount of bilirubin monoglucoside monoglucuronide was detected in cholestatic human serum. PMID- 7226536 TI - Susceptibility to neuraminidase of alpha-L-fucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase of cystic fibrosis, I-cell and neuraminidase-deficient fibroblasts. AB - Intracellular alpha-L-fucosidase and hexosaminidase showed similar isoelectro focusing patterns in control, cystic fibrosis and neuraminidase-deficient fibroblasts and were unaffected by neuraminidase treatment. An I-cell strain excreted these two enzymes at 3-4 times the rate of the three other cell types. I cell and neuraminidase-deficient cells excreted more of the electronegative forms of these enzymes than control and cystic fibrosis cells. Extracellular hexosaminidase A and B were both sensitive to neuraminidase for the four cell types. Extracellular alpha-L-fucosidase consisted of a pH 6.1 form insensitive to neuraminidase and other forms that were sensitive and changed to a pI 7.0-7.1 form. Cystic fibrosis extracellular alpha-L-fucosidase and hexosaminidase behaved as for control fibroblasts. PMID- 7226537 TI - Immunofixation as an adjunct to immunoelectrophoresis in characterization of serum monoclonal immunoglobulins. AB - We evaluated quantitatively the usefulness of immunofixation (IF) as an adjunct to immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) in characterizing serum monoclonal proteins. In 33 out of 97 consecutive patients with one or more homogeneous bands on cellulose acetate serum protein electrophoresis, a monoclonal immunoglobulin could not be characterized with certainty by IEP. Of these 33 cases, in 76% a monoclonal immunoglobulin was subsequently characterized by IF on agarose gel. In 18% IF provided additional suggestive information, and in 6% it provided no additional or less information than IEP. The mean concentration of monoclonal proteins (other than free light chains) that could be characterized by IEP was 25 g/l. The monoclonal proteins that required IF for characterization were all less than 10 g/l. Of all monoclonal proteins below 10 g/l, 53% required IF for complete characterization. IF is a useful adjunct to IEP, primarily in cases where the concentration of monoclonal immunoglobulin is less than 10 g/l. PMID- 7226538 TI - A highly sensitive colorimetric determination of serum copper using alpha, beta, gamma, delta-tetrakis(4-N-trimethylaminophenyl)porphine. AB - A colorimetric method is presented for the accurate determination of serum copper in 0.1 ml sized samples, using alpha, beta, gamma, delta-tetrakis(4-N trimethylaminophenyl)porphine. This new reagent has high sensitivity (epsilon 433nm = 5.1 X 10(5) l.mol--1.cm--1), it is water-soluble and has long-term stability at the pH range of 4--9 at room temperature. Metal ions and organic compounds even at levels greater than normally found in serum do not affect the determination. The coefficient of variation of this method is less than 3%. In addition, a good correlation was obtained between this method and the Landers and Zak method (r = 0.98). PMID- 7226539 TI - Vitamin D and plasma magnesium in pregnancy. PMID- 7226540 TI - Improved enzymatic assay for methotrexate: shape of standard curve, stability of reagents, sensitivity. AB - An improved enzymatic assay for methotrexate (MXT) is presented. A linear calibration curve for MTX could only be obtained, when a pre-incubation period of MTX with the enzyme preceded the measurement of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity. Stability for 24 h was achieved by addition of NaN3 to a working solution containing DHFR, albumin, NADPH, and buffer. The detection limit of a rapid assay was 4 X 10(-9) mol/l MTX in plasma. A second but slow assay with increased detection limit (1 X 10(-9) mol/l) is reported. PMID- 7226541 TI - Protoporphyrin-induced photodamage to mitochondria and lysosomes from rat liver. AB - Preparations of mitochondria and lysosomes from rat liver were irradiated (340- 380 nm) with light doses up to 80 kJ/m2 in the presence of 180 nmol/l protoporphyrin. ADP-stimulated respiration and succinate oxidation were inhibited before there was any significant release or inhibition of lysosomal enzymes. The results suggest that, rather than lysosomal lysis, damage to mitochondria may be the primary event in erythropoietic protoporphyria. PMID- 7226542 TI - Composite polyacrolein-coated cellulose magnetisable particles: an "autoreactive" magnetisable solid-phase with superior buoyancy properties. AB - A composite solid-phase was prepared that combined the autoreactive properties of polyacrolein with the superior buoyancy of cellulose-based particles. The advantage of using such particles in immunoassays is demonstrated in a fluoroimmunoassay for human immunoglobulin G. PMID- 7226543 TI - A rapid and simple method for the esterification of fatty acids and steroid carboxylic acids prior to gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A simple procedure for the esterification of steroid carboxylic acid groups using an acetyl chloride/alcohol reagent has been carefully evaluated. The ease with which these esters can be formed using this reagent depends on the acid and the ester required. C24 bile acids form methyl esters using acetyl chloride/methanol (1:20, v/v) almost instantaneously at 50 degrees C, whereas the C20 aetienic acid studied requires 2 h at 50 degrees C. The formation of isopropyl esters of 5 beta cholanic acid takes longer (4 h at 50 degrees C) than the formation of n-propyl esters (1 h at 50 degrees C). The identity of various esters fo cholanic acids formed using this reagent have been checked by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and various other procedures used for the methylation of fatty acids have been examined to establish whether they can be used for the quantitative esterification of bile acids. PMID- 7226544 TI - Immunological characteristics of human ferritins; consequences for human serum ferritin determination. AB - Standard curves established with human spleen, liver, placenta and heart ferritins for eight commercial radioimmunological procedures show that liver and spleen ferritins present almost identical responses, whereas three times as much placenta ferritin and six times as much heart ferritin were required to give the same response as liver and spleen ferritins. There are great variations between the kits in the estimation of the ferritin level of a control serum. PMID- 7226545 TI - Simultaneous liquid chromatographic analysis of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, doxepin, and nordoxepin. AB - A simultaneous method for the therapeutic monitoring of amitriptyline, doxepin, imipramine, and their active demethylated metabolites nortriptyline, nordoxepin, and desipramine, respectively, in plasma or serum by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is presented. The drugs and the internal standard (loxapine) are first extracted from 2 ml of serum into butylchloride at pH 14, and then back extracted into 200 microliter of 0.025 mol/l hydrochloric acid. An aliquot of the aqueous acid phase is injected into the chromatograph and eluted with acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (21: 79, by vol.) containing 0.6 nl of n nonylamine per liter of phosphate buffer. The drugs are eluted in a total chromatographic time of approximately 13 min at ambient temperature and detected at 200 nm. A sensitivity of 5 microgram/l of serum for each drug is obtained. Recoveries for these drugs ranged from 77% to 103%; and the coefficient of variation (day-to-day) ranged from 4.2 to 7.8. Of 35 basic or neutral drugs tested for possible interference, only propoxyphene interferes with the analysis of nortriptyline. PMID- 7226546 TI - Assay of adenylate cyclase in homogenates of control and Duchenne human skeletal muscle. AB - The wide range of values reported for activity of adenylate cyclase (AC) in human skeletal muscle prompted re-evaluation of conditions used for homogenization and assay. Adenylate cyclase activity in the same normal muscle differed with different techniques of homogenization. In pH 7.5 isotonic Tris buffer, basal and catecholamine-activated activities declined rapidly in homogenates kept at 4 degrees C. Loss of basal activity was prevented by addition of a chelator of divalent cations. Loss of response to isoproterenol was prevented by addition of guanylnucleotides. Enzyme activity was maximal at 37 degrees C and pH 7.6. Enzyme activity was lower when theophylline was used to prevent degradation of labelled 3',5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) than when unlabelled cyclic AMP was used to this purpose. Basal activity increased with increased MgCl2 concentration up to 50 mmol/l, but isoproterenol-activated activity was maximal at 4 mmol/l MgCl2. AC was inhibited by exogenous adenosine, but addition of adenosine deaminase to the assay mixture did not increase AC activity. Based upon these observations, standardized procedures of homogenization and assay were devised and used to measure AC activity in muscles of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: basal and isoproterenol-stimulated activities were abnormally low. PMID- 7226547 TI - Secretin-stimulated trypsin-like immunoreactivity in alcoholics. AB - Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) was studied in alcoholics without evidence of pancreatic disease and in controls. Basal values were 29 +/- 4.6 microgram/l (mean +/- S.E.M) in alcoholics and 23 +/- 4.4 microgram/l in controls (p not significant). The injection of secretin was followed by a significant increase of serum TLI in both groups; the integrated trypsin output (ITO) in the first hour after secretin administration was 947 +/- 403 (mean +/- S.E.M.) in alcoholics and 76 +/- 15 in controls (p less than 0.05). In 9 (75%) of the alcoholics tested, ITO was higher than the highest ITO of controls. The increase of serum TLI after injection of secretin is probably due to secretion and/or regurgitation of trypsinogen into the bloodstream when the pancreas is stimulated with intravenous secretin. In the light of experimental studies on chronic ethanol intoxication in animals, the increased ITO observed in alcoholics may suggest obstruction to pancreatic secretory flow in spite of the absence of any clinical sign of pancreatic disease. PMID- 7226548 TI - Urinary excretion of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in a patient with neurological abnormalities. The probability of a new inborn error of metabolism. PMID- 7226550 TI - A lipoprotein independent assay for human serum lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. AB - A method has been developed for estimation of human serum lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase free of interference by endogenous lipoproteins. Precipitation of serum low and very low density lipoproteins by sodium phosphotungstate and magnesium chloride results in complete recovery of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in the supernatant. One microliter of the supernatant can be accurately assayed with a highly efficient substrate containing phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol vesicles and apo-high density lipoproteins (HDL), with no interference from endogenous HDL or residual precipitation reagents. Serum levels of the enzyme were found to be reduced in patients with parenchymal liver disease, renal disease, gastrointestinal tumors and anemias. PMID- 7226549 TI - Isozymes of ribonuclease in human serum and urine. I. Methodology and a survey of a control population. AB - Methods are presented for the electrophoretic analysis of ribonuclease (RNase) enzymes in human serum and urine. Protocols for sample treatment, electrophoresis, and the RNase zymogram technique are described. With the application of these methods, RNase from serum and urine was separated into components differing on the basis of charge (charge isomers or "isozymes"), but not differing with respect to hydrolyzable sialic acid residues. Preliminary characterization of the electrophoretically separated components showed that some of the RNase species have different properties (pH optima and substrate preference). The major urine RNase isozymes appeared to be distinct from the major serum RNase isozymes. A survey of a control population indicated that the major serum and urine RNase enzymes are not genetically polymorphic. PMID- 7226551 TI - Biochemical investigations of biopsied brain tissue and autopsied organs from a patient with pyroglutamic acidemia (5-oxoprolinemia). PMID- 7226553 TI - Complexes in serum between alkaline phosphatase and immunoglobulin G: immunological and clinical aspects. AB - A retrospective study was performed on 31 patients in whose sera an immune complex between alkaline phosphatase and immunoglobulin G had been detected. The average age of these patients was 64 years and the sexes were equally represented. Twenty-three patients (74%) had a disease with either an autoimmune aetiology or associated with circulating immune complexes or autoantibodies. Sera from 16 patients were tested for the presence of circulating immune complexes in addition to the alkaline phosphatase immune complex, and these complexes were detected in 14 cases (88%). Sera from 17 patients were tested for the presence of specific autoantibodies and these were detected in 9 cases (53%). Twelve patients were followed up for a mean period of 11.6 months (range 0.5 to 39 month). At the end of the follow-up period, 10 patients (83%) showed persistence of the immunoglobulin-G-alkaline phosphatase complex. PMID- 7226552 TI - Photometric measurement of lipoprotein-cholesterol after agarose electrophoresis: comparison with single-spin ultracentrifugal analysis. AB - A method is presented for the evaluation of lipoprotein-cholesterol after fractionation of 20 microliter of serum in agarose electrophoresis in a discontinuous buffer system. The prestained lipoprotein bands are separated in less tha 1 h, cut out and extracted with butanol. The cholesterol in the extract is measured by a simple colorimetric method. The recoveries of lipoprotein cholesterol were 95.3% +/- 13.0 (S.D.), and the average coefficient of variation was 8% for alphalipoprotein, 6.4% for betalipoprotein and 8.0% for pre betalipoproteins. Lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, determined by the proposed method correlated well with those analyzed following ultracentrifugation. The method can handle up to 4 serum samples run in duplicate per day and only requires equipment available in conventional clinical laboratories, and stable reagents. PMID- 7226554 TI - S-peptides--new apoproteins of human high density lipoproteins induced by glucose infusions. PMID- 7226555 TI - Phenothiazines as reagents for the detection of faecal occult blood. PMID- 7226556 TI - Synovial fluid urate concentration in normouricemic and hyperuricemic subjects without joint diseases. PMID- 7226557 TI - Advances in breath hydrogen quantitation in paediatrics: sample collection and normalization to constant oxygen and nitrogen levels. PMID- 7226558 TI - Polysomnography--is it for EEG'ers? PMID- 7226559 TI - Panel discussion - The interrelationship between sudden infant death syndrome and sleep apnea syndrome. PMID- 7226560 TI - The effects on the EEG of intermittent photic stimulation in patients over 30 years of age. AB - Fifty-two patients over 30 years of age with EEG abnormality during IPS are described. In many, the disturbance was of "intermediate" type, that is limited in distribution and of lower voltage than the typical photo-convulsive response. Although over half the patients had epilepsy, this was often mild, complicating a variety of other conditions. The presence of these responses to IPS probably indicates a lowered seizure threshold. PMID- 7226561 TI - Electrocerebral activity only in response to stimulation and only at the vertex electrode. AB - This patient sustained a severe infarction, and an EEG carried out with accepted criteria by the American EEG Society ws consistent with electrocerebral inactivity. A repeat record demonstrated that activity was apparent mainly in a single electrode after stimulation. In this case, it was the vertex electrode that was active. The rest of the electrodes were inactive with the patient at rest and reflected little or no activity in response to stimulation. In this case at least, the persistence of EEG activity after stimulation had no prognostically favorable value in that the patient died. PMID- 7226562 TI - Cursive and gelastic epilepsy: case report. AB - A child with cursive and gelastic epilepsy is reported. This particular case in unique in that the patient had no underlying neurological disease, his running and laughing seizures represented his only seizure type; and recorded ictal episodes originated bilaterally and anteriorly. PMID- 7226563 TI - Electroencephalographic changes in acute water intoxication. AB - In this case report the electroencephalograph remained abnormal even when the sodium had returned to normal. Although it was not possible to monitor intracranial pressure in this patient, it is the presumption that the cerebral oedema was the cause of both the seizures and the electroencephalographic abnormalities. PMID- 7226564 TI - Leydig cell tumour of the testis with gynaecomastia and elevated oestrogen, progesterone and prolactin levels: case report. AB - The successful surgical removal of a feminizing interstitial cell tumour of the testis is described. The high oestradiol, progesterone and prolactin levels fell after surgery and the suppressed testosterone, FSH and LH recovered. Oestrogen secretion by the tumour could explain most of the observed hormonal changes. PMID- 7226565 TI - Failure of naloxone to alter exercise-induced growth hormone and prolactin release in normal men. AB - Growth hormone and prolactin levels during standardized exercise tests were measured in ten normal male volunteers, with and without previous intravenous administration of 4 mg naloxone. No significant influence of naloxone on hormone release could be observed. The lack of effect indicates that an opioid pathway is not involved in exercise-induced growth hormone and prolactin release in humans, in contrast to that in rats. PMID- 7226566 TI - Abnormal pancreatic polypeptide response to oral glucose loading diabetes mellitus. AB - In order to elucidate the abnormality of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion in diabetes mellitus, basal plasma PP levels and their response to oral glucose loading were measured in normal subjects and diabetic patients. Fasting plasma PP levels were significantly elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus. Oral administration of 50 g of glucose elicited an exaggerated rise in plasma PP in diabetic patients as compared with the response in normal subjects. This exaggerated PP response to oral glucose loading was partially but significantly improved after the treatment, with an augmented response of plasma insulin. These results indicate the existence of abnormal PP secretion in diabetes mellitus which is probably caused by metabolic or endocrine derangements. PMID- 7226567 TI - Plasma testosterone glucosiduronate: a reliable indicator of female hyperandrogenism (idiopathic hirsutism and androgenic alopecia). AB - Plasma concentrations of testosterone glucosiduronate (TG) have been determined by direct radioimmunoassay in seventeen normal females, twenty females with idiopathic hirsutism, and in twelve female subjects with androgenetic alopecia without hirsutism, respectively. The corresponding mean concentrations (+/- SD) of TG were 0.47 +/- 0.18; 1.42 +/- 0.55; 0.96 +/- 0.22 ng/ml. There was no overlapping of plasma TG levels of both groups with hyperandrogenism with those obtained in normal females. On the contrary, plasma concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were found within the normal ranges in about 50% of the patients with hyperandrogenism. The synchronously estimated urinary excretion of TG revealed marked fluctuations (mean +/- SD): 27.0 +/- 12.0; 60.5 +/- 24.6; 36.3 +/- 14.1 microgram/24 h respectively. PMID- 7226568 TI - Therapy of primary hypothyroidism with L-triiodothyronine: discordant cardiac and pituitary responses. AB - Cardiac systolic time intervals were studied in ten patients with primary hypothyroidism before and during therapy with increasing doses of oral L triiodothyronine (L-T3). Therapy was increased sequentially from 10, 20, 25 to 50 microgram of L-T3 daily on a monthly basis. On L-T3, 20 to 25 microgram/day, cardiac systolic time intervals and other peripheral responses to thyroid hormone including serum cholesterol concentration, serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity, and basal metabolic rate had normalized. However, serum thyrotrophin (TSH) levels and peak TSH responses to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) remained elevated on these doses of L-T3. As the dose of L-T3 was increased from 20 to 50 microgram/day, mean basal serum TSH levels decreased from 55 to 16 microunits/ml, and the peak TSH response to TRH decreased from 243 to 58 microunits/ml (P less than 0.001) while systolic time intervals did not decrease further. Changing to L-thyroxine (L-T4) therapy at this point resulted in further suppression of TSH secretion, without significantly altering systolic time intervals or the other peripheral responses to thyroid hormone. These data suggest (a) that some biological responses to thyroid hormone were normalized on lower doses of L-T3 than were required to normalize TSH secretion, and (b) that higher doses of L-T3 or substituting L-T4 therapy could suppress TSH secretion further without altering the other peripheral responses to thyroid hormone. PMID- 7226569 TI - Effect of dopamine infusion on serum prolactin concentration in normal and hyperprolactinaemic subjects. AB - The serum prolactin response to intravenous dopamine infusion (5 micrograms . kg 1 . min-1) was measured in twenty-one healthy subjects, in seven hyperprolactinaemic patients without evidence of a pituitary tumour, and in twenty-one patients with prolactinomas. Mean serum prolactin values were significantly suppressed in all three groups, without any significant difference between the degree of suppression. A decrease of serum prolactin to below 50% of basal values occurred in fifteen healthy subjects, in four patients without evidence of pituitary tumour, and in fourteen patients with prolactinomas. These findings demonstrate that most human prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas are normally suppressible by exogenously administered dopamine and that dopamine infusion is not able to distinguish between tumorous and non-tumorous hyperprolactinaemia. Since intravenously infused dopamine is believed to inhibit prolactin secretion by acting at pituitary level, it is suggested that a normal functioning of pituitary dopamine receptors is maintained in most human prolactinomas. PMID- 7226570 TI - Evaluation of two inhibitory tests (nomifensine and L-dopa + carbidopa) for the diagnosis of hyperprolactinaemic states. AB - It has been reported that administration of nomifensine (Nom) or of L-dopa + carbidopa (L-dopa + Carb) potentiates central dopaminergic tonus, resulting in decreased prolactin (PRL) secretion. It has been proposed that these drugs would help to discriminate patients with PRL-secreting pituitary tumours from those with so-called 'functional' hyperprolactinaemia. In this study, oral Nom (200 mg) was given to forty-three hyperprolactinaemic patients and L-dopa + Carb (50 mg Carb every 6 h for four doses followed by L-dopa 100 mg and Carb 35 mg) to thirty of them and both treatment to ten normal subjects. The hyperprolactinaemic patients were divided into four clinical groups. Group A, twenty patients with proven PRL-secreting pituitary tumours; Group B, thirteen women with elevated PRL levels (less than 100 ng/ml) without any radiological evidence of a pituitary tumour (hyperprolactinaemia of unknown aetiology or 'functional' hyperprolactinaemia); Group C, four women with polycystic ovarian disease and mildly elevated serum PRL; Group D, six patients with various other disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia. PRL levels decreased in the normal controls below the basal values by 61.3% +/- 6.2 (SEM) after Nom and 77.6% +/- 4.2 after L dopa + Carb. Decreases in serum PRL of at least 50% (in three consecutive determinations) were found in group A in 20% of patients after Nom and in 25% after L-dopa + Carb; in group B in 15% and 40% of cases; in most of the hyperprolactinaemic women in group C; and some in group D. In conclusion, these two treatments did not discriminate between tumorous and non-tumorous cases of PRL hypersecretion. PMID- 7226571 TI - The effect of fenclofenac on thyroid function tests in vivo and in vitro. AB - Clinically euthyroid patients on long term maintenance therapy with the non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug fenclofenac (Flenac) show an unusual and abnormal pattern of serum thyroid function tests. In all twelve patients studied, total T4 concentrations were grossly subnormal (mean 28.4 +/- 9.9 (SD) nmol/l and total T3 levels low-normal (mean 1.4 +/- 0.3 (SD) nmol/l), whereas rT3 (mean 0.36 +/- 0.06 (SD) nmol/l) and basal TSH levels (mean 1.9 +/- 0.5 (SD) mu/l) were within their respective normal ranges. Free T4 levels were low normal (mean 11.0 +/- 1.0 (SD) pmol/l) while TSH, T4 and T3 responses to intravenous TRH were similar to those found in euthyroid subjects. These effects appear to be due predominantly to in vivo inhibition of binding of thyroid hormones to carrier proteins in serum, rather than in vitro drug interference in the radioimmunoassays employed. Fenclofenac does, however, interfere in those laboratory methods employing serum proteins as binding agents. Thus the Thyopac 4 method for serum total T4 grossly over-estimates T4 levels, while thyroid hormone binding capacity (Thyopac 3) is low. Since fenclofenac is one of the most potent drugs interfering with routine indices of thyroid status, it is suggested that suspected thyroid dysfunction is excluded before commencing therapy with the drug. PMID- 7226572 TI - Two new dopamine agonists that are long acting in vivo but short acting in vitro. AB - The effects of two new ergolines, pergolide and CH29-717, on prolactin secretion in vitro and in vivo were compared with those of bromocriptine. Both ergolines had in vitro potencies similar to that of bromocriptine, but had a shorter duration of action. However, in vivo both were longer acting than bromocriptine after a single dose of 100 micrograms, and effectively suppressed prolactin secretion for greater than 24 h. It would appear that the pharmacokinetics of these ergolines are different to those of bromocriptine, and this may have considerable therapeutic importance. PMID- 7226573 TI - Systolic time intervals and ankle reflex time in patients with minimal serum TSH elevation: response to triiodothyronine therapy. PMID- 7226574 TI - Clinical response to metyrapone as indicated by measurement of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids in normal children. AB - The effect of 24-h metyrapone administration on adrenal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid pathways has been studied in normal children. Urine and serum steroid concentrations were evaluated. Simultaneous determinations of deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone (B), cortisol (F), and aldosterone (aldo), in both urine and serum, were carried out by celite column chromatography and radioimmunoassay. 11-deoxycortisol (Compound S) in serum and urine, urinary free 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC), urinary free 18 hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B), and urinary aldosterone-18-glucuronide (pH 1 aldo) were measured separately by specific methods. Conclusions drawn were that (1) Useful indices of metyrapone effect were the marked rise of 11-deoxysteroids (DOC and S), and the fall of aldo and 18-OH-B; no changes occurred in 18-OH-DOC and the 11-hydroxylated steroids (B, F); (2) Serum and urine values were significantly correlated, indicating that both were equally reliable in the evaluation of the metyrapone test; (3) Hormonal ratios indicate that metyrapone inhibition affected the 11-hydroxylation of DOC and Compound S, and the 18 hydroxylation of DOC and B; and (4) The correlation between DOC/B and S/F ratios was highly significant (r = 0.86; P less than 0.0001), showing the same degree of inhibition of 11-hydroxylase functions for both 17-hydroxy (17-OHS) and 17 deoxysteroids. PMID- 7226575 TI - Orbital pseudotumour and lacrimal involvement developing in a patient with Riedel's struma receiving steroids. AB - We present a patient with hypothyroidism secondary to Riedel's struma, treated with thyroxine and prednisolone, who developed clinical and radiological features of a unilateral orbital pseudotumour with lacrimal gland involvement; the histology of which was indistinguishable from that of the thyroid gland. PMID- 7226576 TI - Prevalence of various degrees of hypothyroidism among patients of a general medical department. AB - We have measured basal thyrotropin (TSH) in 945 consecutive patients of a general medical department. Additional thyroid tests were carried out in patients with elevated TSH. Thirty patients (3.1%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, i.e. an elevated TSH with no clinical signs and with a normal free thyroxine index. A cause was found in only fifteen of these thirty patients. Thirteen additional patients (1.37%) had mild or overt primary hypothyroidism, three of which were already diagnosed. This prevalence is three times higher than that found in a retrospective survey at the same hospital. Of the ten newly-detected cases five were discharged on thyroid hormone replacement. In two patients the antithyroid drugs which were the cause of hypothyroidism were discontinued. The remaining three patients had severe non-thyroidal illnesses and thyroid hormone was not prescribed. A cause for the hypothyroidism (autoimmune thyroid disease, post radioiodine, post-thyroidectomy or antithyroid drugs) was established in all but two cases. The data suggest that thyroid function tests (preferably a TSH) should be performed on any patient with prior treatment to the thyroid and, in addition with very broad indications, perhaps even routinely, in all women over 50 years of age. PMID- 7226577 TI - Binding of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes by mitral and aortic cardiac valves: a possible clue to the pathogenesis of immune valvular heart disease. PMID- 7226578 TI - Lipoteichoic acid inhibition of phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7226579 TI - Lithium and the mitogenic response of human lymphocytes. PMID- 7226580 TI - Renal disease in the elderly: clinicopathologic analysis of renal disease in 115 elderly patients. AB - We reviewed the clinical and renal biopsy information of 115 patients who presented with renal disease after the age of sixty years. The major clinical presentations were renal insufficiency in 57 patients, nephrotic syndrome in 35 patients, and hematuria with variable amounts of proteinuria in 23 patients. Crescentic glomerulonephritis, diagnosed in 19 patients, was the most common cause of renal insufficiency. Membranous glomerulonephritis and minimal change nephrotic syndrome were noted in 15 and 9 patients, respectively. While patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis had an unfavorable outcome, patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis had a benign course. We conclude that even in the elderly, the natural history of renal disease is similar to that of younger patients, and the clinical course appears to depend on the nature of the underlying renal disease. PMID- 7226581 TI - Amino acid losses during CAPD. AB - Amino acid losses in peritoneal dialyzate during CAPD were less than 2 g a day (15, 128 micrometers). CAPD does not correct the tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio in plasma and does not prevent accumulation of 3-methylhistidine. PMID- 7226582 TI - Plasma tryptophan level in chronic renal failure. AB - Total (Trp), free (fTrp) and bound (bTrp) tryptophan concentrations were measured in the plasma of hemodialyzed (HD), peritoneally dialyzed (CAPD) and conservatively treated (ND) patients in chronic renal failure (CRF). 1) A marked decrease of Trp and bTrp was found in all three groups of patients. 2) fTrp concentration was unaltered in the HD and CAPD groups but decreased in the ND patients. 3) No relationship between a fall of bTrp and plasma albumin and transferrin levels was found. 4) Decreased body weight was not reflected in changes in Trp, bTrp and fTrp. 5) An inverse correlation between the serum creatinine and the bTrp/albumin ratio was found. Two alterations of Trp metabolism in CRF may be outlined: Trp deficiency and an alteration of Trp binding to plasma albumin. They affect Trp availability and seem to correlate with the degree of kidney function impairment. PMID- 7226583 TI - Bilateral ureteral obstruction following aortic bypass surgery. AB - A patient developed azotemia from bilateral ureteral obstruction due to retroperitoneal fibrosis after placement of an aortofemoral bypass graft for atherosclerosis in that region. This complication of abdominal vascular prosthesis may be more common than is presently recognized; especially since the patient may remain asymptomatic till an advanced degree to azotemia supervenes. At that time irreversible damage to the kidney may occur. Furthermore, silent damage in the kidneys may be attributed to other causes in these patients who may also have severe vascular disease or prostatic disease. When a gradually increasing azotemia is seen in a patient who had aortofemoral bypass surgery, ureteral obstruction from retroperitoneal fibrosis should be one of the main considerations in the differential diagnosis. Computed tomography, isotope renography and sonography may be helpful in making an early diagnosis and should be a part of the postoperative follow-up care in these patients. PMID- 7226584 TI - Glomerulonephritis and Staphylococcal aureus infections. AB - Three patients with visceral Staphylococcal aureus infections, but no evidence of endocarditis, developed signs of acute glomerulonephritis. Renal biopsy in two patients showed a mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and mesangial deposits containing IgA, IgG, and C3; autopsy material in a third patient showed acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. The clinical setting and pathologic findings of our patients with visceral Staphylococcal infection and glomerulonephritis are different than those found in the better-understood syndromes of glomerulonephritis associated with endocarditis or infected ventriculojugular shunts. Our patients provide support for the contention that some cases of primary or idiopathic glomerulonephritis may by caused by Staphylococcal infections. PMID- 7226585 TI - Evaluation of platelet kinetics following porcine and mechanical valve replacement. AB - Because thromboembolic pathogenesis in mechanical prosthetic valves (MP) might involve selective MP platelet consumption with consequent reduced platelet survival, it has been suggested that lowered platelet half-life (T 1/2) detection provides identification of postoperative thrombotic risk. Porcine heterografts (PH) possess less thromboembolic hazards than MP; thus, comparative evaluation of PH versus MP platelet T 1/2 is germane to the test's thrombotic predictive value, yet platelet kinetics in PH require elucidation. Accordingly, 51chromium platelet T 1/2 was determined in 16 patients with substituted valves (10 PH and 6 MP). Average platelet T 1/2 in PH (2.9 +/- 0.6 d) was similar (p greater than 0.05) to MP (3.2 +/- 0.6 d), and both were considerably lower (p less than 0.05) than platelet T 1/2 in normal subjects (NL, 5.1 +/- 0.5 d). Furthermore, platelet T 1/2 was below the lowest NL platelet T 1/2 (4.0 d) in seven PH and three MP patients. Thus, frequency and extent of decreased platelet survival in PH are common and equal to MP. These results indicate that platelet half-life does not afford thromboembolic predictability in patients with mechanical valves and, instead, favors prosthetic-induced physical trauma causing abnormal platelet survival. PMID- 7226586 TI - Changes in cardiovascular function induced by verapamil in healthy subjects and in patients with ischemic heart disease. AB - Alterations in cardiovascular function induced by the acute intravenous administration of verapamil (5 or 10 mg) in 52 patients (29 with ischemic heart disease and 23 without heart disease) were evaluated with use of invasive techniques (right and left heart catheterization, left ventricular cineangiography, and coronary arteriography). The most significant changes were represented by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and systemic arterial pressure, and an increase in heart rate and cardiac output. Contractility indexes were not depressed in either group, and altered ventricular wall motion tended to improve to a slightly smaller degree than in patients treated with nitroglycerin. The use of verapamil in patients with ischemic heart disease appears to be safe, and concern about the negative inotropic influences in humans no longer seems justified. PMID- 7226587 TI - Influence of heart rate on systolic time intervals: effects of atrial pacing versus dynamic exercise. AB - The effects of atrial pacing and dynamic exercise in the supine position on systolic time intervals (STI) were compared in 10 normals. In another group of 13 normals, the effect of exercise alone on STI was tested. A linear shortening of electromechanical systole (QS2) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) with increasing heart rate was demonstrated with right atrial pacing and dynamic exercise in the frequency range between 60 and 140 beats/min. However, the shortening of LVET was significantly less (p less than 0.01) with exercise compared to pacing. This is explained by an increase in left ventricular stroke volume with exercise. The preejection period (PEP) was significantly (p less than 0.001) shortened with exercise, but there was no change with atrial pacing. Thus, changes in heart rate (HR) alone, without changes in the dynamic state of the heart, did not influence PEP. It is suggested that PEP at rest should not be corrected for heart rate. The supine exercise regression equations for correction of heart rate for LVET and PEP differ from both the resting and the upright exercise regression equations. With exercise a frequency correction of STI using regression equations should be abandoned. Instead, uncorrected STI at standard heart rates (e.g., 100, 110, and 130 beats/min) should be taken for comparison. Heart rate standardization should be employed using the formula: Formula (See Text). PMID- 7226588 TI - Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in evaluating left ventricular function. AB - There are several factors that could affect the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. These include heart rate, preload, afterload, pericardial or pleural pressure, diastolic properties of the ventricle, and the left ventricular inotropic state. Recognition of these factors appears important when considering the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure as an index of left ventricular function. PMID- 7226589 TI - Ventricular septal rupture detected by cross-sectional echocardiography. AB - Cross-sectional echocardiography was used to directly visualize abnormal wall motion and detect the site of ventricular septal rupture in a patient with acute inferior myocardial infarction. The presence of the defect was confirmed by injecting indocyanine green into the left ventricle at the time of cardiac catheterization. Cross-sectional echocardiography provides a rapid, atraumatic means for evaluating patients with complicated acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7226590 TI - Hyperkalemia-induced bundle branch block and complete heart block. AB - Hyperkalemia was associated with complete heart block in one patient that resolved by first showing right anterior hemiblock). Then the right bundle branch block resolved, leaving the marked left axis deviation that was present before the hyperkalemic episode. Another patient with hyperkalemia had right bundle branch block with marked left axis deviation, both of which disappeared with correction of the hyperkalemia. These findings suggest that hyperkalemia can depress conduction in the His-Purkinje system and raise the possibility that hyperkalemia may induce complete heart block distal to the atrioventricular junction. PMID- 7226591 TI - Evaluation of aortic and mitral valve regurgitation by radionuclide ventriculography: comparison with the method of Sandler and Dodge. AB - The present investigation was undertaken to introduce a quantitative scintigraphic method for evaluation of regurgitation and to compare it with the generally accepted quantitative method of Sandler and Dodge (Sandler et al., 1963). Radionuclide ventriculography was carried out after injection of 20 mCi 99mtechnetium-labeled red blood cells. Time-activity curves were obtained from the left and right ventricular regions. The ratio (A) of end-diastolic-end systolic count-rate differences for the left and right ventricles was calculated. The ratio (A) was compared with a hemodynamic ratio (Ah) determined after the method of Sandler and Dodge (1963) with the stroke volume of the left ventricle measured angiographically, and the stroke volume of the right ventricle measured by thermodilution. In 33 patients with aortic and mitral valve regurgitation we found a correlation of r = 0.75 between (A) and Ah). Due to a broad range of normal values of (A) the sensitivity of the scintigraphic method is low. The specificity seems to be high, however, since in 64 patients with all types of heart diseases there were no false positive results. Comparing the described scintigraphic method with other modern or generally accepted methods, the principal advantages are noninvasiveness, good practicability, and the fact that important additional information about the functional state of the heart is gained. This is important in follow-up studies in patients with chronic valvular incompetence. It seems that this method will become a valuable supplement to heart catheterization in the diagnosis of valvular heart disease and may partially replace invasive methods for measuring the regurgitation fraction. PMID- 7226592 TI - Giant Lambl's excrescences of papillary muscle and aortic valve: echocardiographic, angiographic, and pathologic findings. AB - A 54-year-old female with rheumatic heart disease was found to have a mass in the left ventricle by echocardiography and angiography. Subsequently, giant Lambl's excrescences of papillary muscle and aortic valve were confirmed by operation and pathologic examination. Possible complication from cardiac catheterization could be avoided by the utilization of echocardiography prior to catheterization. PMID- 7226593 TI - Atrial bigeminy with block associated with bradycardia and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation-an important variant of the tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome. PMID- 7226594 TI - Rest and exercise electrocardiograms and radionuclides in patients presenting for cardiac rehabilitation. AB - The rest and exercise ECG, 201thallium myocardial scintigram (201T1), and radionuclide ventriculography are noninvasive procedures which can be used to evaluate myocardial damage and ischemia. To compare these procedures and to obtain baseline information, 85 male patients with coronary heart disease were evaluated prior to beginning an exercise program. Findings at rest included Q waves or bundle branch block in 54%; 47% had 201T1 redistribution defects and 33% an abnormal ejection fraction (EF). Of the 39 patients with normal ECGs, 31 had no 201T1 defects and only of these 31 (3%) had an abnormal EF. Abnormal EF or 201T1 redistribution defects did not occur in patients without a history of myocardial infarction. Abnormal resting EF occurred in 63% of patients with abnormal versus 7% of those with normal 201T1 redistribution scans. Exercise test results included an abnormal ST-segment response in 80%, an abnormal EF response in 65%, and a 201T1 ischemic defect in 37%. Twenty patients had exercise-induced ST elevation, and this phenomenon was more related to ventricular aneurysms than to ischemia. 201Thallium imaging, radionuclide ventriculography, and the ECG provide results regarding myocardial damage that agree by more than chance, while the exercise induced ST-segment changes did not agree with the radionuclide indications of exercise-induced ischemia. PMID- 7226596 TI - Clinical evaluation of His-bundle electrogram recorded from the body surface. AB - A noninvasive method of recording His-bundle activity was developed in our laboratory. This technique is based on the principle of high-gain amplification of the external signals, use of appropriate filters to eliminate random noise, and averaging of the amplified signals over 200-500 cardiac cycles to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Using this technique we were able to demonstrate external His-bundle activity and to measure the extent His-bundle-ventricular (H-V) interval in 29 of 51 (60%) patients referred to our unit for evaluation of conduction abnormalities or history of collapse. The external technique was validated by the intracardiac electrode method. External H-V interval was reproducible when tested i eight normal subjects and four patients of variation was 4.5% for external H-V interval of 30-90 ms duration). Failure to obtain distinct external His-bundle deflection was largely due to contamination with atrial or ventricular noise. Analysis of all the records showed that the demonstration of external His-bundle activity was directly proportional to the length of the PR segment. The external H-V interval could be measured in all patients with PR segments longer than 100 ms but in less than half in whom the PR segment was shorter than 55 ms. We conclude that the noninvasive technique of recording His-bundle activity is simple and reproducible and can be used at the bedside. It possesses a distinct advantage over the intracardiac technique in that it can be employed in sequential studies. However, in its present state of development, its use is mainly confined to the analysis of conduction disturbances. PMID- 7226595 TI - The Bezold-Jarisch reflex: possible role in limiting myocardial ischemia. AB - A patient with a 5-year history of nonexertional episodic chest discomfort terminating in nausea presented with recurrent periods of marked ST elevations. Each observed episode terminated in the triad of bradycardia, hypotension, and nausea. ST elevation normalized almost immediately when this triad supervened. It is hypothesized that this represented activation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Resolution may have been due to reflexly mediated parasympathetic coronary vasodilation. An episode of ST elevation occurred 24 h after admission which did not result in activation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Following this latter episode, Q waves and enzymatic evidence of myocardial infarction were documented. PMID- 7226597 TI - The QT interval in clinical hypercalcemia. AB - Corrected QT intervals were determined in 13 patients with severe, chronic hypercalcemia. The QoTc interval was short in only 2 of 14 instances; QATC in 5 of 15 instances, and QETC in 5 of 16 instances. The correlations between serum calcium and the QTC measurement were not significant when evaluating either linear or curvilinear (quadratic) relationships. Small and inconsistent changes were found when comparing the QT intervals before the development of the hypercalcemic episode, during hypercalcemia, or after successful treatment. We conclude that shortening of the QT interval is an unreliable index of clinical (chronic) hypercalcemia. PMID- 7226598 TI - Prevalence of primary T-wave changes in young men and their relationship to psychological and anthropometric data. AB - The T wave in leads II, V4, and V6 in the electrocardiograms of 1,401 consecutively entering 18-year-old male conscripts at a military processing center in 1975 were classified, and the relationship between the frequency of the T-wave changes relative to the psychosocial and medical data of the subjects was examined. One percent of the conscripts had a negative T in one or more of these leads, and twelve percent showed some deviation from the "normal T," usually a T wave of less than ten percent of the R-wave amplitude. A common finding was the presence of a "notch" in the T wave of lad V4 (a negative deflection in the middle of a positive T wave). Those with T-wave changes showed the same incidence of signs and history of heart disease as those with a normal T. However, those with an abnormal T showed higher heart rate and systolic blood pressure at rest. Further, they had more nervous symptoms and a higher consumption of alcohol and tranquilizers. These findings were as common in the larger group of flat T waves as in the smaller group with T-wave changes of the type normally attributed to organic heart disease (i.e., having notched, or more or less inverted T waves without ST depression). The maximal work capacity and vital capacity were slightly lower in subjects with abnormal T waves. However, this was fully explained by lesser height. It is suggested that in the majority of these cases, T-wave changes in young adults are due to increased sympathetic tone rather than to organic heart disease. PMID- 7226599 TI - Demonstration of multiple antegrade and retrograde atrioventricular pathways. AB - A patient with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia had discontinuous antegrade (1a-A2, H1-H2) and retrograde (V1-V2, A1-A2) conduction curves suggesting dual A-V nodal pathways in both directions. Atrial echoes occurred with premature atrial pacing only at short A1-A2 coupling intervals after long antegrade (A2-H2) and retrograde (H2-A3) conduction intervals. Premature ventricular stimulation revealed ventricular echoes simultaneously with a sudden increase in the V2-A2 interval. The echo zone coincided with the slow pathway curve. Following atropine the echo zone was extended over the slow and fast pathway curves. Slow pathway conduction was observed at long and sort V1-V2 coupling intervals. Following isoproterenol ventricular stimulation initiated two cycles of ventricular echoes with relatively long retrograde (V2-A2, Ve-Ae) and short antegrade (A2-He, Ae-He) conduction times, the earliest atrial activation being observed in the low right atrium before the left atrium and the high right atrium. Antegrade fast and slow pathways as well as retrograde fast pathway conduction appeared to be confined to the A-V node. Retrograde slow pathway conduction may progress through a slow or fast A-V nodal pathway slowed by antegrade concealed conduction. However, an accessory pathway with long conduction times located near the septum cannot be ruled out entirely. PMID- 7226601 TI - Pulmonary embolism. Diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7226600 TI - Pulmonary amyloidosis. PMID- 7226602 TI - Immunoglobulin A in secretions of western Canadian native and white children. PMID- 7226603 TI - Protection of the gastrointestinal mucosa by elemental diets. PMID- 7226604 TI - Ankle stability after resection of the distal third of the fibula for giant-cell lesions: report of two cases. AB - Giant-cell tumors and aneurysmal bone cysts involving the lower end of fibula pose special management problems. Excision of the lower end of the fibula in such cases is undertaken reluctantly because it may result in lateral instability of the ankle. Two cases, one of giant-cell tumor and one of aneurysmal bone cyst of the lower end of the fibula, were excised and the lateral ligaments of the ankle and the periarticular tissue were carefully repaired. In both patients the ankle joints were stable two years after the operation. PMID- 7226605 TI - Symmetrical muscle contractures in tumorous sarcoidosis: report of a case. AB - A 25-year-old woman had symmetrical contractures of the gastrocnemii with a large firm swelling in both medial heads. The contractures insidiously increased over the previous six months. Roentgenograms of the chest showed hilar lymphadenopathy but investigations were otherwise negative. Biopsy showed this to be tumorous sarcoidosis. Both tendoachilles were lengthened. Spontaneous regression of the abnormal muscle masses subsequently occurred without further treatment. Tumorous sarcoidosis is a rare entity, and there have been very few previous reports of muscle contractures having occurred associated with sarcoidosis. PMID- 7226606 TI - Analysis of patterns of knee motion walking for four types of total knee implants. AB - The pattern of normal knee joint motion was compared with the pattern of knees after arthroplasty operations with: (a) variable axis, (b) geometric, (c) Herbert and (d) Shiers implants. The pattern of motion during walking was not implant specific. Considerable variation in the transverse and coronal planes occurs in normal and postimplant knees. The magnitude of stance phase flexion did vary between the implants studied. Loosening and breakage are most closely related to design constraints in the coronal and transverse planes where there is considerable variation from patient to patient. PMID- 7226607 TI - Management of an anaerobic infection in a prosthetic knee with long-term antibiotics alone: a case report. AB - A 74-year-old woman had a spherocentric arthroplasty performed on her left knee. After four postoperative weeks, she developed and swelling in the joint. An anaerobic streptococcus was isolated from a joint aspirate. The patient was treated solely with knee immobilization and intravenous penicillin G for five weeks. Joint aspirates at the end of treatment and six months posttreatment were sterile. However, after ten posttreatment months, the peptostreptococcal infection recurred. Sterile joint aspirates six months after treatment are insufficient evidence of cure in prosthetic joint infections. PMID- 7226608 TI - Seronegative inflammations of the ankle and foot: diagnostic challenges. AB - Seronegative inflammatory disease was diagnosed in seven patients who had pain, swelling, and redness of the foot and/or ankle. Since the clinical findings mimicked infection, tendinitis, fasciitis, or chronic strain, the initial diagnosis was erroneous and treatment ineffective. In addition to the test for the HLA-B27 antigen, technetium-99m-diphosphonate scintigraphy and magnification roentgenograms have proved valuable tools. Increased isotope uptake was found in all involved extremities, and magnification roentgenograms helped to detect early and subtle lesions of bone. The lesions comprised cortical erosion, increased intracortical absorption of bone, periosteal reactions, and osteoporosis. The response to anti-inflammatory drugs was good in all seven patients. Limited and preliminary follow-up data, including repeat bone scans, suggest that the inflammation may be of a transient nature. PMID- 7226609 TI - Chronic destructive arthritis in familial Mediterranean fever: the predominance of hip involvement and its management. AB - Chronic destructive arthritis is a rare complication of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). The hip joints are most commonly involved, but destructive changes may also occur in the knees, ankles, sacroiliac spine, shoulder, or temporomandibular joints. A 28-year-old man with bilateral advanced coxitis and FMF was successfully treated by total hip arthroplasty. PMID- 7226610 TI - Undetected injuries in head-injured adults. AB - Of 254 adults admitted over a period of two years to the Head Trauma Service, 29 (11%) had ten previously undiagnosed fractures and/or dislocations and 29 had previously undetected peripheral neuropathies. The average delay in diagnosis was 57 days. Only one fracture, a fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine, was of major consequence. Median, ulnar, and peroneal neuropathies were common and were usually associated with other orthopedic injuries. Nine of the neuropathies were explored and normal neurologic recovery ensued in each case. Nerve function, commonly the peroneal, did not return in six patients. This retrospective knowledge of head injured patients is necessary for early diagnosis and possible prevention of these neuropathies. PMID- 7226611 TI - Osteonecrosis of the femoral head in a family with hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - A family of four generations has been identified as having hyperlipoproteinemia as well as radiologic evidence of active or healed osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Sixteen family members were available for complete clinical, radiologic, and laboratory examination. Six living and two deceased members were found to have both conditions. Hyperlipoproteinemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head; some common pathogenetic factor may underlie these two conditions when they coexist in a familial pattern. PMID- 7226612 TI - An analysis of hand function in patients with colles' fracture treated by Rush rod fixation. PMID- 7226613 TI - Intraoperative wound cultures: their value and long-term effect on the patient. AB - A series of 856 total hip arthroplasties in 681 consecutive patients was reviewed in an attempt to determine what variables are significant in identifying the patient "at risk" for postoperative wound infection. Variables such as sex, age, preoperative diagnosis, laterality, and wound closure had no influence on the results of the intraoperative cultures. No statistical correlation was found between these factors and the patient's outcome. However, in patients who had undergone previous hip surgery long-term results were not as favorable as those in patients with per primam operations (12.0% versus 8.5%, respectively, had long term postoperative problems). The most significant finding of this study was in the area of intraoperative culture results versus the patient's end-result. Here, it was found that when culture results were subdivided into zero, one, or two (both opening and closing) positive cultures, zero or one positive culture had no effect on patient outcome. However, two positive cultures were indicative of complications (p less than 0.001). One-third of these hips either developed loosening or long-term postoperative pain, of which 75% went on to become infected. The "at risk" patient was thus defined as the patient who had positive intraoperative cultures. PMID- 7226614 TI - Bone formation and impedance of electrical current flow. AB - The impedance to current flow to an electrically stimulated cathode did not change appreciably over a 12-week measurement period and did not support the hypothesis of a temporal relationship between bone formation and impedance to current flow in the region of the cathode. The use of an electrically stimulated titanium cathode at a current density of 0.33 microA/mm2 in this model of canine delayed union resulted in a significant bone formation when analyzed by quantitative and qualitative methods. Sequential quantitative radionuclide scanning correlated well with histologic appearance of bone formation and was a sensitive indicator of electrically induced osteogenesis. PMID- 7226615 TI - Healing of experimental fractures in the denervated limbs of the rat. AB - The effects of denervation on healing of experimental fractures of the tibia after sciatic nerve section or spinal cord transsection or both were studied in rats. In addition to normal weight-bearing controls, non-weight-bearing controls were prepared by means of experimental hip luxations. The healing of fractures was monitored by tensile strength measurements, and by X-ray studies up to two months. The tensile strengths of the fractures with peripheral nerve lesion or with spinal cord trauma were significantly higher than those of the respective weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing control fractures at the early phase of healing. Osseous union of denervated fractures was radiographically evident earlier or at least at the same time as in the controls. Denervation, however, caused irregularities in the radiopacity and increased the length of fracture callus. These results confirm the clinical observations on enhanced healing of fractures in extremities of patients with spinal cord trauma. PMID- 7226616 TI - The acetabular cement-bone interface in experimental arthroplasties in dogs. AB - Increased clinical loosening of total hip arthroplasty acetabular components has been noted in patients with long follow-up and in young active individuals. Evaluation of the acetabular cement-bone interface has been limited to a few human cadaveric specimens and to canine studies in which the data are difficult to interpret. The effects of cement fixation of the acetabular component were investigated in serial observations in 21 dogs with hip surface replacements. The postoperative survival time before evaluation was from two to 46 weeks. Twenty animals were clinically normal before autopsy. Analytic techniques used to examine acetabular fixation included the use of epoxy-embedded specimens to preserve the cement-bone interface and conventional histologic sections. After two weeks, no direct contact between the cement and bone was seen. A correlation between the adequacy of cement fixation and interface membrane thickness was found. Poor acrylic fixation resulted in thick membranes up to 2 mm thick and horizontal trabeculation of the interface woven bone. Good cement intrusion led to a thinner, almost minimal membrane two to three cells in thickness. PMID- 7226617 TI - Late hematogenous infection in total joint replacement: studies of gentamicin and bone cement in the rabbit. AB - Hematogenous infection of total joint replacements was experimentally produced in rabbits with cemented endoprostheses in both knees. One one side the bone cement contained gentamicin. Bacteremia was induced six to eight weeks postoperatively using a strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Twenty-five days after the induction of bacteremia approximately a third of the artificial joints were infected, whereas no bacteria were found in blood and viscera. Although the gentamicin cement still possessed anti-bacterial activity in vitro, it did not prevent hematogenous infection. Thus, gentamicin cement would not protect the joint against delayed hematogenous infection. PMID- 7226618 TI - Treatment of congenital hip dislocation and dysplasia with the Pavlik harness. AB - The Pavlik harness proved to be a successful means of treating congenital hip dislocation and dysplasia. Success occurred without significant complications in 99% of the treated hips. PMID- 7226620 TI - Proceedings of the forty-first annual meeting of the American Fracture Association, 1980, Royal Orleans Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 3-7. Abstracts. PMID- 7226619 TI - Pathogenesis of degenerative joint disease produced by in vivo freezing of rabbit articular cartilage. AB - In vivo freezing of rabbit lateral femoral arterial cartilage with a cryoprobe produces an osteoarthritic-like condition in 12 months. Previous studies have established that the chondrocytes are killed by the freezing process. A loss of stainable mucopolysaccharide occurs. The collagen content of the lesional tissue does not change. The present study investigates the extracellular lysosomal enzyme content, collagen type (I or II), and histologic changes which produce chondrocyte cell clusters in the frozen tissue in response to freezing or articular cartilage. The results indicate that after the initial 30 days there is no significant rise in the extracellular lysosomal enzyme content of the experimental tissue compared with controls. Type II, or cartilage, collagen remains the major constituent of the lesional tissue. Histologic examination at six- to 12-month intervals suggests that chondrocyte clones are produced by invasion by the underlying viable subchondral bone. These results provide insight into the pathogenesis of degenerative joint disease and the rationale of treatment by the use of inhibitors of vascular invasion of articular cartilage. PMID- 7226621 TI - Axial debridement for femoral stem placement. PMID- 7226623 TI - Modified non-clogging suction apparatus. PMID- 7226622 TI - Microscopic anatomy of a femoral head after resurfacing arthroplasty: a case report. AB - The femoral head was removed after delayed sepsis in a resurfacing arthroplasty in a 50-year-old woman 12 months postoperation. Histologic sections showed intimate bonding between the femoral cup, cement and subjacent bone without evidence of excessive resorptive activity. The femoral head appeared viable within the cup and showed osteoblastic activity. The layers of fibrous tissue interposed between cement and bone appear to be a stage in the reparative process leading to effective anchoring of the cup rather than being a step toward bone resorption and loosening of the cup. A viable femoral head with an adequate blood supply is essential for healing of resurfacing arthroplasty. Osteogenesis in the resurfaced femoral head may be the important factor in the long-term success of an arthroplasty. Adequate blood supply may prevent avascular necrosis and subsequent "collapse". PMID- 7226624 TI - Roentgenographic evidence of growth plate closure. PMID- 7226625 TI - Easy method for walking cast. PMID- 7226626 TI - The roentgenographic appearance of lead paint as a foreign body. AB - Two case reports illustrate why it is necessary to rule out substances such as lead-based paints or ointments containing metals that may be superficially on the patient's skin at the site of a possible foreign body. PMID- 7226627 TI - Tendon passer. PMID- 7226628 TI - A plastic intermedullary plug for total hip arthroplasty. AB - Plugging of the medullary canal during total hip replacement creates better cement fixation and thereby prevents subsequent loosening of the femoral component. Methods of plugging involve the use of cement or bone plugs. Both methods have limitations, are time-consuming and can bae ineffective. A high density polyethylene plug is convenient material for plugging the medullary canal. Laboratory studies show that the plug generates an intramedullary pressure when the proximal femoral canal is being cemented. In 50 patients undergoing total hip replacement, this bullet effectively restricted the cement cone of the proximal femur. The method of insertion was simple, efficient and expedient. PMID- 7226629 TI - Epidemiologic features of pelvic fractures. AB - The epidemiology of pelvic fractures was investigated in Rochester, Minnesota, residents during the decade 1968 to 1977. The overall incidence was 37 per 100,000 person-years, substantially higher than previous population-based studies would indicate. The incidence increased markedly with age in both sexes, and was greater for women than men at all ages over 35, reaching a maximum incidence of 446.3 per 100,000 person-years in women 85 or older. Half of all pelvic fractures were attributed to moderate trauma, usually a fall from standing height, 95% of which were minor (Type I or II). Moderate trauma was responsible for the increase in pelvic fracture incidence with age in the high-risk population of postmenopausal women. A large proportion of both men and women with moderate trauma fractures had some evidence of preexisting osteoporosis. PMID- 7226630 TI - Tripartite fracture of the acetabulum after total hip arthroplasty: a case report. AB - A three-part fracture of the acetabulum occurred in a 74-year-old woman seven years after a McKee-Farrar total hip arthroplasty (THA). The hip was successfully reconstructed using an allogenic femoral head for a bone graft and titanium mesh for reinforcement. Thirty-six months after the operation, the revised THA was functional. PMID- 7226631 TI - The effect of total knee arthroplasty prostheses design on the potential for salvage arthrodesis: measurements of volumes, lengths and trabecular bone contact areas. AB - Standardized plaster replicas of bony specimens were made to determine the mechanical and architectural requirements for arthrodesis subsequent to failed arthroplasty. Surprisingly small differences were noted in the total volume of bone removed from control compared with arthroplasty patients. There were correspondingly small differences in the bone and/or limb lengths. Limb length is not a consideration in selecting a prosthesis type. Varying with the type of prosthesis, there were wide differences in the contact area of trabecular bone remaining for fusion. Bulky femoral and tibial stems or protrusions are undesirable and greatly diminish the interface areas. PMID- 7226632 TI - Internal derangement of the knee joint due to pathologic synovial folds: the mediopatellar plica syndrome. AB - A prospective study of the mediopatellar plica was performed by arthroscopy in 134 patients. The mediopatellar plica is a fold of synovial tissue attaching medially at the undersurface of the quadriceps tendon which extends distally around the patella and over the medial femoral condyle to insert into the fat pad. Extensor mechanism derangement may be produced by a mediopatellar plica when it loses its pliability owing to fibrosis or hyalinization. Persistent disabling symptoms require surgical treatment consisting of excision by arthrotomy or by operative arthroscopy. PMID- 7226633 TI - A review of long-bone fractures in patients with spinal cord injuries. AB - In a retrospective investigation of 38 long-bone fractures in 30 spinal cord injured patients (mean follow-up, 22 months), fractures were classified acute (occurring at the time of spinal cord injury) or pathologic (occurring in the chronically injured patient). The methods of treatment and complications were recorded and evaluated. The incidence of long-bone fractures was 6.7%. Complication rates were high, ranging from 20% to 40%, with open or closed treatment of extremity fractures. Strict adherence to established operative fracture management principles in paraplegic patients irrespective of the level of neurologic deficit. Extremity fractures treated by nonoperative splinting and skin care healed well even in patients with long-standing paraplegia. Hip fractures were usually openly reduced internally fixed to improve sitting balance. The question of absolute benefit from early long-bone stabilization in the spinal cord injured patient remains unanswered. PMID- 7226634 TI - UCLA anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. AB - The UCLA total shoulder arthroplasty was designed to mobilize the shoulder joint in order to permit normal anthropometric range of motion and durable long-term fixation of the components. The prosthesis is fundamentally nonconstrained for the usual arthritic conditions, currently with four sizes of femoral and glenoid components. For patients with deficient and irreparable rotator cuffs, additional restraint may be effected by using a superior glenoid subacromial rim. The first 11 patients have been followed for 1 1/2 to 3 1/2-years; relief of pain has been complete in all but two patients. The function and range of motion results were related to the status of the rotator cuff; five patients achieved excellent results, including two with osteoarthritis who had near normal function. Patients with deficient rotator cuffs achieved functional use of the extremity but without full range of motion. Functionally, in addition to the five patients who were rated excellent, two were rated as being good, three fair, and one poor. In addition to five with excellent range of motion, there were three good and four fair ratings. Two patients, one with grossly deficient musculature caused by a gunshot wound and a second who was posttrauma required revision surgery with a subacromial glenoid prosthesis. This prosthesis is now frequently utilized if muscles and rotator cuff are deficient at the primary surgery, in order to provide additional restraint. Determination of the efficacy of hooded components will require further follow-up. The additional size ranges and components together with improved instrumentation have greatly facilitated recent surgery. PMID- 7226635 TI - Thoracic kyphosis in cystic fibrosis. AB - The incidence of thoracic kyphosis in 91 older children and adolescents suffering from cystic fibrosis was 15.1%. Only 5.5% of 91 hospitalized "normal" adolescents had the deformity. Among the group of patients with cystic fibrosis we found a positive correlation between incidence of kyphosis and severe pulmonary disease. Because the kyphosis does not seem to represent a problem in itself, and owing to the various and multiple problems of these young people, braces are indicated only in exceptional cases with rapidly progressing deformity. A program of proper stretching, thoracic extension, and breathing exercises should be recommended for such patients. PMID- 7226636 TI - Severe generalized (Charcot-like) joint destruction in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Although severe polyarticular joint destruction is rarely observed in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), it occurred in two patients, a 5-year old girl and an 11-year-old boy. Histopathologic examinations revealed changes typical of JRA with fragments of cartilage imbedded in synovial membrane. Such fragments are usually seen in adults with neuropathic joint disease. Steroid hormone treatment may be implicated in the pathogenesis of joint destruction in children. PMID- 7226637 TI - Pollicization after traumatic amputation of the thumb. AB - Nineteen pollicizations were performed over a period of 17 years in adults after traumatic thumb amputation. Seven normal fingers were pollicized with very satisfactory results. Eleven previously damaged fingers were also pollicized and all of these resulted in diminished motion. Because preoperative arteriograms give useful, often unexpected information, they should be performed if vascular damage is suspected. Application of a pedicle flap should be performed before pollicization when there is excessive scarring or inadequate skin cover. This permits easier design of skin flaps during the procedure and minimizes the chance of a web-space contracture. Fourteen patients (74%) required secondary procedures, tendolysis being the most common problem. PMID- 7226639 TI - Tibiofemoral incongruity in association with patellar instability. AB - Ninety-three knees with patellar instability were repaired after conservative treatment failed. In 34 there was evidence of tibiofemoral incongruity consisting of an articular depression of the medial femoral condyle by the meniscus. Secondary articular invasion by synovium occurred in 20 knees. Certain clinical phenomena indicate the presence of this impingement lesion: distinct tenderness over the joint line anterior to the medial collateral ligament, pseudo-locking, and increased pain when walking with the tibia rotated externally. These findings are in addition to the usual parapatellar tenderness, apprehension sign, and crepitus encountered in patellar instability. Excessive external tibial rotation is the probable cause of the impingement rather than genu valgum or dysplasia of the vastus medialis. Hypertension may be a factor. The lesion may play a role in the genesis of osteoarthritis subsequent to patellar instability. Transfer of the tibial tubercle medially may be expected to aggravate tibiofemoral incongruity by increasing tibial external rotation. Other procedures are preferred for patellar stabilization. PMID- 7226638 TI - Compression of the suprascapular nerve by a ganglion at the suprascapular notch. AB - The suprascapular nerve was compressed by a ganglion in the suprascapular notch in a 28-year-old carpenter. Electromyogram studies, especially mean latency time, were essential for accurate diagnosis. Excision of the ganglion relieved the pain and led to recovery of the motor function of the shoulder. PMID- 7226640 TI - Perthes' disease: the influence of intracapsular tamponade on the circulation in the hip joint of the dog. PMID- 7226641 TI - Fracture--dislocation of the knee. AB - Fractures of the proximal tibia involving the articular surfaces vary greatly in type, severity, and prognosis, and a considerable percentage have significant associated ligamentous injuries. This report classifies and analyzes 132 particular fractures separated from over 1,000 patients with fractures of the proximal tibia. The remaining cases were considered to have tibial plateau fractures. Eighty-six fractures required operative treatment, and it was possible to divide them into five distinct types. The characteristic of these five types is marked joint instability with a high incidence of serious soft-tissue and/or neurovascular injury. Knee dislocation is a discrete entity. Plateau fracture is a discrete entity that requires definition (and which in large measure has little or no implication of significant soft-tissue injury). Fracture--dislocation of the knee is a much more serious injury than plateau fracture. For successful treatment of this injury, a radically different understanding of fractures of the proximal tibial condyles is needed. PMID- 7226642 TI - The anatomic distribution of osteitis deformans. AB - Previous observations on the anatomic distribution of Paget's disease of bone are substantiated by a study of an additional 639 patients and by comparison with radionucleide bone imaging. The main anatomic features are a preference for the lower rather than the upper limb girdle, a spinal distribution similar to that seen in vertebral spondylosis, and a tendency to right-sided involvement. Bone stress is a possible explanation of the skeletal distribution, and may therefore be significant in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 7226643 TI - Thoracic outlet syndrome: diagnostic evaluation by analgesic cervical disk puncture. AB - Thoracic outlet syndrome was treated by resection of the first rib in 19 patients, nine of whom were preoperatively evaluated by means of analgesic cervical disk puncture to discover whether the symptoms stemmed from diskogenic causes. The overall results after operation were excellent in 68% (13/19). In patients who had a positive test outcome of the analgesic cervical disk puncture, the symptoms remained unchanged after the operation, while in those who had a negative test result, late postoperative results were excellent in 100% (7/7). This was significantly better than the late results obtained in a group of patients evaluated and operated upon without the test. Analgesic cervical disk puncture may be a valuable differential diagnostic test in cases of suspected thoracic outlet syndrome. PMID- 7226644 TI - Isolated staphylococcal infection of the sternoclavicular joint. AB - An acute monoarticular infection of the sternoclavicular joint due to coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus occurred without predisposing factors in a 48-year old man. Pyogenic infection must be considered as a cause of pain and swelling of the sternoclavicular joint. Correctly diagnosed and promptly treated, the end results of sternoclavicular joint infection can be excellent. PMID- 7226645 TI - The acute carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - Acute carpal tunnel syndrome occurred subsequent to fractures of the wrist in four patients. A bone graft operation had been performed on the distal end of the radius in a fifth patient. Each patient underwent a normal neurologic examination immediately posttrauma; only one experienced early return of nerve function. Four patients were treated by carpal tunnel release at 36 to 96 hours after the injury. Carpal canal pressure measurements were performed pre- and postoperatively in one patient. PMID- 7226646 TI - The fallen fragment sign in unicameral bone cyst. AB - The roentgenographic findings in unicameral bone cyst may be difficult to differentiate from a solid tumor of bone. When present, the fallen fragment sign may aid in determining the roentgenographic diagnosis of unicameral bone cyst. In this finding, with a pathologic fracture a fragment of cortical bone may become dislodged and gravitate to the dependent portion of the unicameral bone cyst. Two examples of the fallen fragment sign demonstrate the displacement of a fragment of cortical bone to the dependent portion of the cystic cavity. PMID- 7226647 TI - Surgical repair of ruptures of the tendo Achillis. AB - Clinical data on 163 ruptures of the Achilles tendon demonstrated that recreational activity was a common cause. The technique of surgical repair includes local tendon graft, repair of deep fascia, and an angulated incision that relieves local tissue tension, prevents serious wound complications and provides satisfactory functional results. Measurements of power potential, a velocity-dependent parameter, rather than peak strength, provide a better indication of the true functional result after repair of Achilles tendon ruptures. The isokinetic torque developed in the triceps surae subsequent to surgical repair is 85% of that on the normal side. The peak strength after operation is 101% of the opposite side. Rather than chronic tendonitis or ischemia, uncontrolled power in a suboptimally conditioned musculotendinous unit may cause spontaneous ruptures. PMID- 7226648 TI - Secondary operations after knee joint replacement. AB - In 254 knee joint arthroplasties performed during the period between 1972 and 1977, secondary operations were done in 31 knee joints, a frequency of 12%. In the rheumatoid group the frequency was 6%, in those with osteoarthritis, 18%. Loosening was the indication for reoperation in 14 cases and infection in seven. Hinge prostheses required reoperations more often than the other types (Geomedic, St. Georg). Obesity and a previous operation on the same knee increased the risk of complication leading to reoperation. Reoperation involved exchange of prosthesis in 17 patients, arthrodeses in three, irrigation drain in three, femur amputation in one, and minor intervention in the remaining seven. The results of the reoperations were classified as good in 13 cases, fair in 12 and bad in six. PMID- 7226650 TI - Neonatal osteomyelitis of the os calcis: a complication of repeated heel punctures. AB - Neonatal osteomyelitis has been frequently reported, but only rarely as a complication of repeated heel punctures. The need for constant monitoring of premature newborns and those having low birthweight and serious deformities necessitates repeated blood samples, usually obtained by heel puncture. Os calcis osteomyelitis occurred in three patients, possibly secondary to heel puncture. A swollen lower extremity in newborns should alert clinicians to the possibility of infection originating in the heel. Treatment involves adequate doses of appropriate antibiotics, but if the infection does not respond within 48 hours, then surgical drainage is indicated. Secondary extension to more proximal areas can and may occur with catastrophic consequences. Orthopedic surgeons should help other physicians become aware that repeated heel punctures may cause os calcis osteomyelitis and that they should be avoided. PMID- 7226651 TI - Charcot's joints: a case report in a young patient with diabetes. PMID- 7226649 TI - Tarsal coalitions: review of the literature and case report of bilateral dual calcaneonavicular and talocalcaneal coalitions. AB - Inasmuch as midfoot coalitions do not occur frequently, a preadolescent or early adolescent patient who has persistent complaints of painful flat foot with peroneal or anterior tibial muscle spasm warrants special evaluation. The patient may complain of becoming easily tired or report the onset of pain with increased activity. Clinical examination may reveal local tenderness over the area of the coalition, but this is not a consistent finding. Restricted inversion of the foot with spasm of the peroneals, forefoot abduction or pronation should alert the examining physician that a tarsal coalition may be present. Appropriate roentgenograms examining all of the possibly involved joints should be obtained. These include 45 degrees oblique views of the foot, which usually give a satisfactory view of the calcaneonavicular joint. Coalitions may occur in any of the facets of the talocalcaneal joint and therefore all facets must be evaluated. The anatomic location of the facets can be variable and multiple-angle axial views may be required. We recommend a 45 degrees axial view to visualize the posterior and middle facets, since they are normally parallel in the axial view. If fibrous coalitions are present, the middle facet may be oblique. Tomography is necessary to visualize the anterior facet or to confirm a coalition either in the middle or in the posterior facets. PMID- 7226652 TI - Pseudo-obstruction of the colon: a complication associated with skeletal system trauma. AB - Pseudo-obstruction of the colon is a potentially fatal condition that has not been previously described in orthopedic patients. The onset of the condition is deceptively benign. The early appearance of pseudo-obstruction is so easily overlooked that two cases are reported to heighten an awareness of this condition and to emphasize the necessity for prompt initiation of treatment. PMID- 7226654 TI - Femur fractures: treatment with roller traction and early ambulation. PMID- 7226653 TI - Determination of osteoporosis in patients with fractured femoral neck using the Singh index: a Jerusalem study. AB - The Singh index was used to measure the degree of osteoporosis in patients with fracture of the neck of the femur and to compare its prevalence with a random population sample in Jerusalem. The frequency of osteoporosis was 22.7% among women in the fracture series as compared with 1% in the control group. These figures are much lower than those in comparable series. The Singh index was not as sensitive an indicator of spinal osteoporosis as a direct measurement of vertebral bone density and could not be correlated with the incidence of hip fractures. PMID- 7226655 TI - Osseous landmarks of the normal knee. PMID- 7226656 TI - Subcutaneous lateral retinacular release for chondromalacia patellae: a preliminary report. AB - When chondromalacia patellae is caused by lateral capsular and retinacular tightness, subcutaneous lateral release affords relief of pain. The operation, performed at the time of arthroscopy, causes minimal morbidity, and it is advantageous when cosmetics are of concern. Range-of-motion exercises are begun on the second postoperative day to keep the retinaculum open. In the postoperative examination of 25 knees at 24 to 45 months in 15 patients, there were 20 excellent and five good results; none was made worse. There were two postoperative hemarthroses. The procedure is most effective in the carefully selected patient with demonstrable tightness of the lateral capsule and retinaculum. Abnormal attachments of the iliotibial band and synovial plicae are also significant in the etiology of this syndrome. PMID- 7226657 TI - Osteoid osteoma: an unusual presentation. AB - An osteoid osteoma developed in the fracture callus four years after an open reduction and internal fixation of a femur of a 21-year-old man. The treatment consisted of en bloc excision of the lesion using intraoperative roentgenographic studies for localization of the lesion. PMID- 7226658 TI - The effect of age and sex on bone density, bone mineral content and cortical index. AB - The density of cancellous bone in the nondominant radius of healthy subjects has been observed by the Compton scattering method as a function of age and sex. The average density for males is higher than for females. In males the density does not change up to the age of 80 years, while in females the density decreases beginning at age 50. A significant decrease in the bone mineral content of the distal radius is observed at earlier ages as measured by the Cameron-Sorenson technique. The average value of the cortical index of the third metacarpal shows some difference between the sexes over the age of 50, the index in males being higher than in the females. Between 30 and 50 years the female cortical index is greater than in the males. Little correlation was found among the three parameters studied, suggesting that they measure different phases of the pathophysiological processes involved in aging bone. PMID- 7226660 TI - Radiographic and morphologic studies of load-bearing porous-surfaced structured implants. AB - Load-bearing porous-surfaced implants in dogs which failed were not incorporated by bone ingrowth. The implants were incorporated only by fibrous tissue ingrowth. Collagen fiber orientation within this fibrous tissue and Sharpey's fiber-like features at the interface between the fibrous tissue and a surrounding layer of dense bone suggest the adequacy of the fibrous tissue attachment for support of a loaded implant. The surrounding dense bone layer could be distinguished radiographically within three months of the operation. This radiopaque line is similar to that observed around some porous surfaced hip implants in humans. Observations of animal mobility up to six months postoperatively suggest that fibrous connective tissue growth into porous implants can provide adequate mechanical support for weight-bearing dogs. PMID- 7226659 TI - Mechanical characteristics of bone in femoral capital aseptic necrosis. AB - Uniaxial compression loading of small cube-shaped samples in an Instron machine was used to study material property deficits of middle- and late-stage necrotic cancellous bone taken from adult human femoral heads. Although the experimental data should not be extrapolated to phenomena of viable trabecular response in a functioning osteonecrotic hip, they provide insight into the salient passive mechanical response characteristics of the pathologic tissue. Individual differences in the revascularization and/or collapse patterns occurring within femoral heads lead to substantial variability in the strength and stiffness of test samples taken from the involved regions. As an overall average, however, samples extracted from major infarct regions exhibit substantially reduced (52%) yield strength, severely reduced (72%) elastic modulus, and modestly increased (29%) strain-to-failure, relative to samples from normal femoral heads. However, statistically significant changes are not observed in the Poisson ratio, the post yield modulus, or in the incidence of pre-yield load/deformation discontinuities. PMID- 7226661 TI - Fracture healing--more biology than mechanics. PMID- 7226662 TI - Eleven years' follow-up of a distal humeral prosthesis. PMID- 7226663 TI - Influence of parathyroid hormone on bone cell ultrastructure. AB - A study in rats demonstrated that morphologic changes in the bone osteocytes and osteoblasts are produced following parathyroid hormone (PTH) injection into thyroparathyroidectomized animals. It further showed that similar changes occur in normal rats as the result of of extended fasting. Plasma calcium concentrations were determined at sacrifice to ascertain that these changes in bone occurred at times when plasma calcium is rising as the result of parathyroid hormone stimulation. Tibias from these animals were removed and prepared for morphologic observation using both transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Specific structural features characterized bone cells stimulated by exogenous or endogenous PTH. The most significant morphologic alterations involved surface microvilli and blebs as determined by SEM. TEM studies showed alterations in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Additionally, cell shape varied markedly from the control cuboidal morphology. These morphologic changes occurred during peak periods of plasma calcium change and returned to control morphology as plasma calcium levels normalized. Use of an extracellular electron-dense tracer (lanthanum) confirmed the patency of the intercellular channels and the presence of a fluid space between the bone cell plasma membranes and the mineralized surface. PTH stimulation modified cell activity such that the tracer material entered the cell more readily, possibly by inducing increased pinocytosis (endocytosis). This study supports the concept that the osteocytes and lining cells on the surface of bone play a role in maintenance of plasma calcium concentrations. PMID- 7226664 TI - Effects of activity on bone growth and development in the rat. AB - Experiments have been performed to evaluate the effects of immobilization and of enforced activity on bone growth and development in the young animal and on skeletal mass in the mature animal. Forty growing and 40 adult rats were divided into Groups C and R. Group C underwent cast immobilization of the left hind limb. Group R was subjected to four daily treadmill runs. Animals were given tetracycline, weighed and measured, and sacrificed at 1, 3, and 6 weeks at which time vascular injections were performed. Bones subjected to immobilization and to enforced activity were compared with nonimmobilized control bones by measurements of weight, length and diameter; microradiograms; fluorescence microscopy; microangiograms; and histologic examination. In mature animals, immobilization led to a decrease in bone mass, whereas activity resulted in an increase. In contrast to these data, immobilization in growing animals led to a decrease in whole body weight and length as well as in the length, thickness, and mass of the long bones. Articular surfaces and epiphyseal lines were irregular, bone formation was retarded, and circulation to the femoral head was diminished. Increases in whole body weight and length and in the length, thickness, mass, and epiphyseal circulation of the long bones were observed as results of enforced activity. PMID- 7226665 TI - The geometry of diarthrodial joints, its physiologic maintenance, and the possible significance of age-related changes in geometry-to-load distribution and the development of osteoarthritis. AB - Diarthrodial joints are governed by physiologic mechanisms that maintain stability and an equitable distribution of load. Modeling continues throughout life to maintain the necessary physiologic incongruity. However, in old age the system seems to go awry, and the result is an increasing congruity yielding possibly increased stability but interfering with cartilage nutrition and altering the distribution of load. The increasing maldistribution of load, with age, it is proposed, mechanically overtaxes the previously underloaded and, presumably, atrophic cartilage. Overtaxing the cartilage in turn leads to further depletion of proteoglycans, collagen fraying and eventually osteoarthritis. Thus arthritis, at least in one of its forms, appears to be inevitable because of the maldistribution of load that results from the age-related changes in joint shape possibly dictated by the joint's requirement for stability. PMID- 7226666 TI - Fibrosis of the gluteus maximus: a cause of limited flexion and adduction of the hip in children. AB - In 71 children with fibrosis of the gluteus maximus, the affection was nearly always bilateral and of variable severity. The diagnosis was made at ages ranging from 18 months to 15 years. The contraction results in an inability to flex the hips with the knees together and produces an awkward gait and difficulty in running and climbing stairs. Half of these patients were treated surgically. Complete correction was achieved in most instances by Z lengthening of the gluteus maximus. At operation the subcutaneous tissue was found to be thin and fibrotic. The underlying aponeurosis was thickened by fibrosis, which also affected the muscle. The muscle lesion appears to evolve from muscular interfascicular fibrosis to the formation of a tendinous-like tissue with a concomitant reduction in the number and size of muscle fibers. There is a strong etiologic relationship between this condition and intragluteal injections. All the patients studied had received antibiotics by intramuscular injection since early childhood; 58 patients received extraordinary large numbers of injections. However, there may have been an individual predisposing factor in the collagenous tissue reaction and in the muscle itself in the production of the condition. PMID- 7226667 TI - Localization of hemorrhage in a recurrent hemothorax using Tc-99m-sulfur colloid. AB - Tc99m-sulfur colloid scintigraphy has proven clinically useful in identifying gastrointestinal hemorrhages. The authors describe a patient with recurrent hemothorax under oral anticoagulation therapy in which Tc-99m-sulfur colloid imaging was used to determine the site of bleeding. PMID- 7226668 TI - Scintigraphic features of cavernous transformation of the portal vein. AB - A case of portal vein obstruction with cavernous transformation is presented, in which findings on both Tc-99m-sulfur colloid and HIDA liver scintigrams suggested the diagnosis. These findings included a focal hyperconcentration of colloid on the former and notching of the common bile duct as well as "draping" of the right hepatic duct on the latter. All of these findings were shown at angiography and surgery to be secondary to extensive venous collateral vessels related to portal vein obstruction. PMID- 7226669 TI - Extreme weight loss linked to a false-positive focal defect on liver scintigraphy. PMID- 7226671 TI - Coincidental detection of pancreatic pseudocyst on Tc-99m-HIDA cholescintigraphy. PMID- 7226670 TI - Usefulness of cephalad views in thallium-201 myocardial imaging. AB - In addition to imaging in the conventional positions, TI-201 myocardial imaging was also performed in a 25 degree cephalad projection. This resulted in improved imaging, especially of the inferior wall. Myocardial images are presented in five patients in whom areas of absent activity were most sharply delineated in the 25 degree cephalad projection. PMID- 7226672 TI - Ejection fraction as determined by the nuclear stethoscope. PMID- 7226674 TI - The variable bone scan appearances of nonosteogenic fibroma of bone. AB - Ten radiographically diagnosed fibrous defects of bone were assessed by three phase bone scanning. Normal scans are obtained when the lesion is quiescent of has fully heated. Mild hyperemia and moderate bone uptake is present during the healing phase and is not significant. More intense hyperemia and a markedly positive bone scan suggest that a more active process, such as fracture or tumor, may be present. PMID- 7226675 TI - Scintigraphic arthrography: a new imaging procedure. PMID- 7226673 TI - In-111-leukocyte scanning in inflammatory renal disease. AB - In-111-leukocyte scanning has recently been introduced as a clinically effective method for detecting inflammatory disease and abscesses. The authors present six cases that demonstrate the usefulness of this new technique in suspected inflammatory renal disease. Two patients had renal abscesses, two had acute pyelonephritis, one had acute focal bacterial nephritis (acute lobar nephronia), and one had a transitional cell carcinoma with associated acute and chronic inflammation. PMID- 7226676 TI - Observations on renal scanning and intravenous urography in acute segmental renal infarction. AB - Nine patients with acute segmental renal infarction were examined by renal scanning and excretory urograms. The diagnosis of segmental infarction by intravenous urography is difficult. Radionuclide imaging is the preferred noninvasive method for demonstrating and sizing the renal infarct. PMID- 7226677 TI - Sequential bone scanning in untreated and treated Burkitt's lymphoma of the jaw. AB - A case report is presented in which an initial bone scan in a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma of the jaw was negative, with radiographic and subsequent biopsy proof of bone involvement. Follow-up scans after chemotherapy demonstrated increased activity in the jaw, presumably indicating interval healing. PMID- 7226679 TI - Cystic hamartoma of the liver in a child: scintigraphic findings before and after surgery. PMID- 7226678 TI - Neonatal uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst: image correlation. AB - The authors describe the characteristic scintigraphic and ultrasonic findings of uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst (urinoma) in a neonate with ureteropelvic junction obstruction of the affected kidney. PMID- 7226681 TI - Observations on the natural history of dactylitis in homozygous sickle cell disease. AB - The incidence of the hand-foot syndrome (dactylitis) has been studied in a group of 233 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease followed prospectively from birth. Dactylitis affected 45% of the children by the age of 2 years, with most cases occurring before this age. Episodes were significantly more common during colder months of the year, similar to the seasonal relationship previously noted in painful crises. Comparison of hematologic indices at age 6 months in patients with and without development of dactylitis indicated a lower fetal hemoglobin and higher reticulocyte counts in affected patients. The occurrence of dactylitis in combination with low fetal hemoglobin may serve to identify high risk patients with SS disease. PMID- 7226680 TI - Superior vena cava syndrome. PMID- 7226682 TI - Serum Group I pepsinogens in children with recurrent abdominal pain. AB - Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common, frustrating problem in childhood. A commonly mentioned cause has been acid hypersecretion without evidence of actual ulceration. Recently, a radioimmunoassay specific for group I pepsinogens (PgI), one of two immunochemically distinct groups of human pepsinogens or precursor zymogens of pepsin, has been developed. Serum PgI levels have been demonstrated to reflect the acid secretory capacity of gastric mucosa, specifically the maximal and peak acid outputs (MAO, PAO), as well as the basal acid output (BAO), thus providing an accurate, tubeless determination of acid secretion. The present study of children with and without RAP has revealed no significant difference in serum PgI levels in these groups. These results suggest that acid hypersecretion cannot be demonstrated in RAP: therefore its relationship to RAP is questionable. PMID- 7226683 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell counts and lactic acid dehydrogenase in Enterovirus type 71 meningitis. AB - An outbreak of aseptic meningitis involving 36 children is described. Enterovirus type 71, a recently recognized cause of central nervous system and systemic illness in children, was found to be the responsible agent. On initial lumbar puncture, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell predominance was seen in 64%, and greater than 200 CSF white blood cells (WBC)/mm3 was seen in 25% of these patients. Fifty-four per cent of the patients subjected to repeat lumbar puncture and a significant rise in the number of CSF WBC/mm3, the majority with the maintenance of a PMN cell predominance. The CSF white blood cell findings of individual patients did not allow for differentiation from patients concurrently seen with bacterial meningitis. Both initial and serial measurements of CSF lactic acid dehydrogenase reliably distinguished these two groups of patients. PMID- 7226684 TI - Teenage pregnancy in perspective. AB - In an effort to provide the clinician with suggestions for preventive and remedial approaches to adolescent pregnancy, the nature, medical, social, economic, and psychological aspects of the problem are reviewed and discussed. While the rate of adolescent pregnancy is declining, there are more than 560,000 deliveries to teenagers annually. Medical risks are significantly diminished by early and comprehensive prenatal care. The major complications continue to be social and economic. Lower I.Q.s in offspring of adolescent mothers have been reported. Failure to complete high school significantly increases the risk of unemployment, trapping the premature parent and her offspring in a web of poverty. A lack of a sense of future and viable alternatives may legitimize the option of motherhood in the minds of many adolescent girls. Furthermore, an ignorance and a denial of sexuality combined with the developmental imperatives of experimentation and rebellion place the adolescent at high risk for pregnancy. PMID- 7226686 TI - The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation National School Health Program. A presentation and progress report. PMID- 7226685 TI - Pail immersion accidents. AB - An unusual type of immersion accident is that involving a pail or bucket of water in the home. We describe four cases of drownings or near drownings in pails and summarize the literature. A review of this type of submersion resulted in a morbidity of 15.4% and mortality of 6.5%. Stable vital signs and normal neurologic examination initially are good prognostic indicators. A number of questions remain to be answered about the pathophysiological effect of these pail contents to the lungs. This hazard must now be included as a part of every discussion of poison prevention by pediatricians. PMID- 7226687 TI - Red blood cell survival in patients with ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. AB - Hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC) in stenotic or regurgitant cardiac valvular lesions has been felt to be due to mechanical trauma and shearing stress caused by turbulence of blood. RBC are also under a shearing stress from turbulence in high-pressure shunts, such as ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The RBC survival time was measured in five patients with VSD and in 11 patients with PDA to determine if there was hemolysis of RBC. Six children without cardiac disease were also studied to obtain the control values for RBC survival times in th laboratory. Two patients with PDA were restudied one year postoperatively. Additional parameters studied were hemoglobin, packed cell volume, reticulocyte cell count, peripheral smear, and urinary hemosiderin. The hemoglobin values and the packed cell volumes were comparable in the two groups. The reticulocyte cell count was normal in all. Urinary hemosiderin was negative in all and the peripheral smear did not reveal abnormal red cell morphology. Mean red cell survival half-life in the two groups was identical. The red cell survival was abnormally low in two patients of PDA. Since one of these two patients had persistently low RBC survival postoperatively, the authors believe that the low red cell survival in this patient was unrelated to the presence of PDA. Based on findings in the small number of cases, the authors conclude that left to right shunt through a VSD or PDA is probably not associated with significant red blood cell destruction. PMID- 7226688 TI - Chiropractic and child care. PMID- 7226689 TI - Sulfisoxazole as chemoprophylaxis for recurrent otitis media. PMID- 7226690 TI - Note on management of splenic trauma. PMID- 7226691 TI - Allergic rhinitis. PMID- 7226693 TI - Study of the usefulness of clinical and hematologic findings in the diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infections. PMID- 7226692 TI - Management of febrile outpatient neonates. AB - To determine whether all febrile outpatients below the age of two months should be routinely hospitalized and given parenteral antibiotics because of the possibility of occult sepsis or meningitis, 147 such admissions were reviewed over four years. None of the neonates had occult bacterial meningitis, while one may have had occult sepsis. Because serious infections may have been missed in outpatients not hospitalized, the outcome of all such illnesses seen in the clinic during a subsequent six months was monitored; none of 17 hospitalized or 20 followed as outpatients experienced sepsis or meningitis. If our findings are confirmed in other studies, febrile outpatient neonates with a well appearance, normal cerebrospinal fluid and physical examination, and dependable follow-up may not require universal hospitalization and antibiotics. PMID- 7226694 TI - Resistant oral candidiasis in an infant due to pacifier contamination. PMID- 7226695 TI - Thrombocytopenia in neonatal infection. AB - Serial platelet counts by phase microscopy were done for three groups of neonates who were admitted to the Special Care Unit of the Miller Children's Hospital, Group 1 (78 neonates) was evaluated for septicemia. Group 2 (28 neonates) was randomly selected sick neonates whose working diagnosis was not septicemia. Group 3 (16 neonates) was clinically normal preterm neonates (28 to 36 weeks gestation). For group 1 and 2, platelet counts were done serially, at the time blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were obtained and then 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours later. For group 3, plasma counts were done on the second, seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, and twenty-eighth day of life. Sixteen of the group 1 infants were found to have septicemia; ten of these 16 had thrombocytopenia (platelets less than 100,000/mm3). In group 2, five infants had thrombocytopenia, one because of isoimmune disease and four as a result of possible disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thrombocytopenia persisted for 1 to 10 days; platelet counts of group 3 were the same as those of older children and adults. PMID- 7226697 TI - An aid to pneumatic otoscopy. PMID- 7226696 TI - Effect of method of delivery on heart rate pattern in the early newborn. PMID- 7226698 TI - Breast-feeding patterns in a Nigerian maternity center. AB - The immediate postpartum feeding practices and the expected time of introducing infant formula to newborn infants at three maternity wards in Ile-Ife, Oyo State, Nigeria are described. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect the data. Less than 3 per cent of the mothers introduced breast-milk to the infants within one hour after delivery, while the rest did not only feed the infants glucose water, but did so with feeding bottles. The time of initiating breast-feeding by the majority of the mothers ranged from 10 to 18 hours after delivery. The higher the level of education of the mothers, the earlier the expected time of introducing infant formula (p less than 0.05). Essentially, no mothers who had primary or greater education expected to nurse longer than 3 months. PMID- 7226699 TI - Model patient presentation for intensive-care nursery work rounds. PMID- 7226700 TI - Congenital right diaphragmatic hernia. A case report and review of the literature. AB - Congenital right diaphragmatic hernia can present a difficult diagnostic problem. An illustrative case is reviewed in which the diagnosis was not considered during the initial hospitalization because chest radiographs were interpreted as showing an atelectatic and pneumonic process. Once suspected, the diagnosis was made by fluoroscopy, which showed an immobile right hemidiaphragm, and by liver scan, which demonstrated herniation of the liver into the right thorax. The tendency of congenital right diaphragmatic hernias to present after the neonatal period and to mimic pulmonary parenchymal disease is discussed. Several alternative means of diagnosis of right diaphragmatic hernias are reviewed. PMID- 7226701 TI - Perinatal hemorrhage associated with the Kassabach-Merritt syndrome. AB - The case of a newborn infant with the Kassabach-merritt syndrome who presented with a significant intrauterine ocular and skin hemorrhage, followed shortly after birth by a massive hematemesis, is reported. The presence of cavernous hemangioma at birth should be a reminder of the risk of major hemorrhagic complications due to thrombocytopenia secondary to platelet trapping. PMID- 7226702 TI - Propranolol and sotalol metabolism after a drinking party. AB - The effects of alcohol consumed during an evening party on the metabolism and response of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs were investigated in healthy subjects. The drugs were given 12 hr after the first drink. The plasma clearance rate of propranolol, metabolized in the liver, increased, while that of sotalol, which is eliminated unchanged, was reduced. Plasma propranolol levels, but not those of sotalol, were related to blood alcohol content. The blood pressure-reducing effect of propranolol diminished after alcohol and that of sotalol increased. Both drugs reduced the heart rate after alcohol although they were unable to cancel out entirely the alcohol-induced increase in the heart rate. The results show that drinking may alter the metabolism of beta-blocking drugs. Drinking habits must be considered in therapy with beta-blocking drugs or when seeking reasons for angina pectoris or arterial hypertension that does not respond to therapy. PMID- 7226703 TI - Relationship between amrinone plasma concentration and cardiac index. AB - Amrinone was given to 14 patients with congestive heart failure as an intravenous bolus (1 mg/sec) at doses ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 mg/kg. Simultaneous determinations of cardiac index were made by thermodilution and of amrinone plasma concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography. A relationship between improvement in cardiac index and increasing plasma concentrations of amrinone was demonstrated for 13 of the 14 patients. The percentage increase in cardiac index correlated with amrinone plasma concentration (r = 0.81; p less than 0.001). Amrinone was given to four patients as an intravenous bolus dose of 1.5 mg/kg followed by a constant infusion of 10 micrograms/kg/min for 10 hr; simultaneous determinations of cardiac index and circulating levels of amrinone indicated that both declined after the initial rise. The plasma concentration of amrinone remained relatively constant during the infusion at about 1.7 micrograms/ml. In all cases, despite the relatively constant plasma levels there was a decline in cardiac index after about 4 to 5 hr of infusion, although the cardiac index remained above the baseline; during the constant infusion the cardiac index rose again and was maintained at a reasonably constant level for the last 3 hr. Seven patients received oral doses of amrinone of about 3 mg/kg, and simultaneous determinations of cardiac index and plasma concentration showed a relationship between amrinone level and rise in cardiac index (p less than 0.05). In 16 patients after amrinone orally sufficient blood samples were taken to estimate the apparent first-order terminal elimination t 1/2. The t 1/2 as estimated by log-linear regression ranged from about 3 to 15 hr; mean +/- SEM value was 8.3 (+/- 1.1) hr. PMID- 7226704 TI - Kinetics and bioavailability of mexiletine in healthy subjects. AB - Single-dose kinetics of mexiletine (MEX) was studied in six healthy subjects after three different formulations. The respective doses were 200 mg (intravenous infusion), 400 mg (two conventional capsules), and 432 mg (sustained-release dosage forms). By a three-compartment open model with lag time the kinetic parameters of the drug were calculated from the experimental plasma level data. The mathematical analysis of the processes of distribution and elimination was restricted to the intravenous data only, and the resulting transfer constants were introduced into the evaluations of the oral experiments. With this procedure one common value for the plasma t 1/2 of elimination was obtained (t 1/2 gamma = 6.34 +/- 1.5 hr). Mean values for the total volume of distribution (Vdtot) and the total body clearance (Cltot) were 5.5 l/kg and 10.3 ml/min/kg. After capsules, peak plasma concentrations (Cmax = 0.77 microgram/ml) were reached after 2.2 hr. and the sustained-release form built up a flat maximum of concentration (Cmax = 0.34 microgram/ml) after 9.2 hr. Mexiletine is highly bioavailable, almost identical for the two oral formulations: 87.3% (capsule) and 78.7% (slow release). Under physiologic urinary pH1 7.5% to 9.2% of the dose was excreted unchanged by the kidneys. PMID- 7226705 TI - Age, disease, and cimetidine disposition in healthy subjects and chronically ill patients. AB - Cimetidine induces reversible dose-related central nervous system (CNS) toxicity. Trough serum concentrations and the development of CNS toxicity correlate. We compared cimetidine kinetics in 12 healthy subjects and 31 patients. Six of the latter had normal renal and liver function, five had renal disease only, 12 had liver disease only, and eight had both renal and liver disease. Postmortem tissue distribution was assessed in 11 patients, and expressed as tissue:serum ratio. Average cimetidine total clearance (ClB) in milliliters per minute for each group was as follows: patients with renal and liver disease (182 +/- 105), renal disease only (193 +/- 24), liver disease only (463 +/- 145), normal patients (510 +/- 93), and healthy subjects (583 +/- 140). Renal function was the major determinant for ClB, and the relationship was described by ClB = 4.2(CCr) + 140, r = 0.87, where CCr is creatinine clearance. Cimetidine clearance was affected little by age. Tissue:serum ratios from highest to lowest were as follows: kidney greater than stomach greater than liver greater than bone greater than brain greater than fat. Central and steady-state distribution volumes were not influenced by age or disease. There was enchanced CNS penetration in liver disease patients; their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):serum ratio was twice the normal. Our kinetic studies identify patient characteristics likely to result in elevated blood levels, and suggest that the greatest risk of CNS toxicity is in those with liver disease. PMID- 7226706 TI - Cimetidine plasma concentration-response relationships. AB - Cimetidine plasma concentration-response relationships were investigated in six healthy subjects using suppression of gastric acid secretion under continuous pentagastrin stimulation (1.5 micrograms/kg/hr) as a test model. With the Hill equation the sigmoid was preferable to the linear relationship between plasma concentration and effect, and there were significant correlations of 0.78 micrograms/ml (range 0.54 to 1.04 micrograms/ml) for 50% inhibition of gastric acid secretion was determined; mean concentration for 90% inhibition was calculated to be 3.9 micrograms/ml. The model described should allow determination of whether different patient populations (e.g., healthy subjects, patients with ulcers, male and female patients, patients with renal or liver disease) differ from one another in concentration-response relationships to histamine H2-receptor antagonists, so that appropriate drug plasma levels should be achieved for specific degrees of inhibition of gastric acid secretion. PMID- 7226707 TI - Diazepam effects and kinetics in Caucasians and Orientals. AB - Mental and psychomotor effects and diazepam kinetics were studied in Caucasian and Orientals. 12 Caucasian and 13 Oriental young adults received on one of two occasions, separated by 2 weeks, either 0.2-mg/kg diazepam or saline intravenously. Serum diazepam and desmethyldiazepam concentrations were measured by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography in samples drawn up to 72 hr after injection. Serum protein binding was measured by equilibrium dialysis. Subjects were tested on a battery of psychological tests before and 0.5, 2, and 4 hr after treatment. While the free fraction of diazepam was identical in both races (0.02), volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was different when calculated as absolute volume (Vdss = 76.55 +/- 9.63 l in Caucasians and 54.96 +/ 4.55 l in Orientals, p = 0.04) and marginally significant when corrected for body weight (Vdssl/kg = 1.10 +/- 0.11 in Caucasian and 0.88 +/- 0.05 in Orientals, p = 0.07). total body clearance (Cl), but not elimination half-life (t 1/2), was higher in Caucasians than Orientals, p less than 0.01; t 1/2 = 37.70 +2 5.53 hr in Caucasians and 41.77 +/- 3.80 in Orientals). Desmethyldiazepam levels were higher in Orientals than Caucasians. Mental and psychomotor effects were maximal at the first session (0.5 hr), followed by complete recovery by the 4-hr session. Effects were similar in both groups. If repeated dosing causes a higher rate of cumulated diazepam serum levels in Orientals, as expected, there might be deeper brain depression in that group. PMID- 7226708 TI - Effects of ammonium chloride on urinary pH and cigarette smoking behavior. AB - We determined the effects of acidification of urinary pH on cigarette smoking behavior to assess the postulated relationships between stress, urinary pH, and cigarette smoking. Urine was acidified by short-term administration of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg ammonium chloride and long-term administration of 50 mg/kg ammonium chloride. Measurements of cigarette smoking behavior included the number of cigarettes smoked as well as automated measures of puff frequency and duration. Short- and long-term administration of ammonium chloride induced decreases in urinary pH but failed to induce any substantial changes in number of cigarettes smoked, puff frequency, or puff duration. PMID- 7226709 TI - Theophylline serum protein binding in obstructive airways disease. AB - The percentage of theophylline bound to protein in sera obtained from patients with obstructive airways disease was determined by ultrafiltration. The bound theophylline fraction in 71 serum specimens collected from 51 patients was 60.7 +/- 10.0% (mean +/- SD) and from 30.8% to 83.2%. The correlation between unbound serum theophylline concentration and total concentration (range 0.8 to 90 mg/l) was linear (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001). Theophylline binding correlated poorly with serum albumin (r = 0.39) and total serum protein (r = 0.35), although the correlations were statistically significant (p less than 0.05), Theophylline binding in women did not differ from that in men. The extent of theophylline binding in younger patients was greater than in patients over 55 yr (64.3 +/- 8.5% and 57.0 +/- 10.4%, p less than 0.005). Variation in theophylline binding in 12 patients from whom two or more serum samples were collected was relatively small. Analysis of variance showed interpatient variation in theophylline binding (p less than 0.01) but not between sampling occasions in the same patient. The demonstrated variability in serum protein binding of theophylline should influence theophylline distribution and elimination kinetics and may be another determinant of clinical response. Patients with lower binding levels should have higher plasma levels of unbound drug after a loading dose and will need more frequent dosing. PMID- 7226710 TI - Variations in glycerol kinetics in Reye's syndrome. AB - Glycerol kinetics and adverse affects were studied in nine patients with Reye's syndrome. Glycerol was given by continuous infusion over 2 hr, half over the first 0.5 hr and the remainder over the next 1.5 hr. The dose was adjusted to keep intracranial pressure less than or equal to 15 mmHg. At steady state, serial blood samples were collected during glycerol infusion and analyzed by an enzymatic assay specific for glycerol. At 0.75 to 1.75 gm/kg/2 hr glycerol doses, the serum levels ranged from 1.48 to 5.83 mg/ml. Total body clearance ranged from 1.99 to 5.1 ml/kg/min. Glycerol clearance was not related to serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), or serum ammonia levels. Glycerol provided effective control of intracranial pressure in all patients. Temporary elevation of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and presence of hemolysis in two patients, appeared to be related to glycerol. PMID- 7226711 TI - Salicylate absorption from a bismuth subsalicylate preparation. AB - The active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol (PB) (Norwich-Eaton), a common antidiarrheal, is bismuth subsalicylate. The absorption of salicylate after oral PB was studied in six fasted men. Plasma concentrations of total salicylate and the urinary excretion profile of salicylate were determined as a function of time and dose. After 60 ml PB, 500.1 +/- 33.6 mg (mean +/- SD) salicylate were recovered in urine, representing 95.0 +/- 6.4% of salicylic acid equivalents in 60 ml of the formulation. Peak plasma salicylate levels were reached 0.5 to 3 hr after ingestion and averaged 40.1 +/- 17.3 micrograms/ml. Absorption of salicylate was also essentially complete after 15- and 30-ml doses of the antidiarrheal preparation, and a linear relationship between dose and recovery of salicylate in the urine was found. Salicylate kinetics was nonlinear after a multiple-dose regimen of 60 ml every 6 hr for five doses. PMID- 7226713 TI - Nitrofurantoin disposition. AB - Nitrofurantoin (50 mg) was administered in a three-way random crossover design to six healthy men. After a 45-min intravenous infusion the plasma concentration data could be described by a two-compartment open-body model with a terminal t 1/2 of 58.1 +/- 15 min. Oral availability of a tablet was 0.87 +/- 0.13 on a fasting stomach and 0.94 +/- 0.13 when taken with food. Although absorption appeared to be complete, the absorption rate profile was complex and erratic. Two subjects failed to achieve the minimum effective urine concentration of 32 micrograms/ml. After the intravenous infusion 47 +/- 13% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine and 1.2 +/- 0.3% was recovered as the reduced metabolite aminofurantoin. PMID- 7226712 TI - Pharmacology of enantiomers and (-) p-OH metabolite of indacrinone. AB - Indacrinone, a racemic mixture, is a loop-blocking diuretic with effects on uric acid elimination that differ from those of furosemide. A series of studies in healthy men was undertaken to characterize the pharmacologic activity of the positive (+) and negative (-) enantiomers (E) of indacrinone and its (-) p-OH metabolite, (-) MET. All subjects were on sodium- and potassium-controlled diet; each experiment was similar in design and included placebo and positive controls. Oral (-)E and (-)MET exerted dose-related natriuretic and diuretic effects; intravenous doses of (-)E were more effective than (-)MET. The effects of (-)E and (-)MET on serum uric acid were the same as those reported with indacrinone. After (-)E, both (-)E and generated (-)MET appeared to contribute to the natriuresis. (+)E induced dose-related decreases in serum uric acid up to 24 hr after dosage; at the higher doses of (+)E, the hypouricemic effects were of the order of those after 500 mg of probenecid. Thus, indacrinone is a novel loop diuretic with enantiomers and a (-)MET, each of which has a different pharmacologic profile. PMID- 7226714 TI - Microsurgery in Japan. AB - Since the early 1960s microsurgery has been practiced by some of the pioneers in this country, and in the past decade it has given rise to a new era in the fields of reconstructive orthopedic surgery and plastic surgery, enabling repair of blood vessels and nerves, replantation of limbs and digits, and transfers of several composite tissues. A number of experiments and much clinical research in this field has been carried out by many Japanese microsurgeons, who contributed significantly to the development of microsurgery in the world. I have reviewed the history and the progress of microsurgery in Japan by introducing the important and interesting reports on this subject in chronologic order. PMID- 7226715 TI - Recent advances in flap coverage. PMID- 7226716 TI - Resurfacing exposed bone of the lower leg using muscle flap transposition. AB - Although there are a variety of covering methods for skin defects accompanying exposed bone in the lower leg, in patients in whom closure with a local skin flap is not possible, I recommend the use of a muscle flap as the first choice. Muscle flap transfer has many advantages over other methods, and the result with this procedure is usually excellent. The grafting of mesh skin onto the transposed muscle is recommended. Good cosmetic results will be obtained by grafting the mesh skin without expanding it too much. The use of a myocutaneous flap for the lower leg is not recommended from a cosmetic point of view, and there are no particular advantages in the use of this method. The use of a muscle flap is adequate to achieve the intended curative result. PMID- 7226717 TI - Correction of orbital hypertelorism in the Oriental patient. PMID- 7226718 TI - The double eyelid operation and augmentation rhinoplasty in the Oriental patient. PMID- 7226719 TI - Response of graft versus host disease to high doses of methyl prednisolone. AB - High dose methyl prednisolone (HDMP) was used to treat 25 episodes of graft versus host disease (GVHD) in 13 patients after bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anaemia or acute leukemia. All patients showed rapid improvement of GVHD following HDMP with resolutions of gut and skin manifestations over several days, but liver GVHD was less responsive to treatment. The major complication of treatment was infection and four patients died from infection following HDMP. The mode of action of HDMP may be a nonspecific anti-inflammatory effect but it appears to be rapidly effective in controlling GVH reactions. PMID- 7226720 TI - Macrocytosis in alcohol-related liver disease: its value for screening. AB - The incidence of macrocytosis, defined as a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of greater than 95 fl and large red cells on peripheral blood film, was determined in 303 alcoholics with liver disease (95 females: 208 males), 60 non-alcoholics with chronic liver disease (44 females: 16 males) and 35 control subjects (15 females: 20 males). Macrocytosis was found in 70.3% (213/303) of alcoholics with liver disease and in 23.3% (14/60) of non-alcoholics with liver disease, P less than 0.001. MCV values greater than 100 fl were seen in 49.5% (150/303) of alcoholics, but in only 3.3% (2/60) of non-alcoholics, P less than 0.001. Macrocytosis was more frequent in female, 86.3% (82/95) than in male alcoholics 63.0% (131/208), P less than 0.001. Serum folate values less than 3 microgram/l were found in 14.5% (44/303) of alcoholics and in 11.7% (7/60) of non-alcoholics. Low serum folate values were found in 18.3% (39/213) of alcoholics with macrocytosis and in 35.9% (28/78) of those with macrocytic anaemia. Twenty alcoholics with pre-cirrhotic liver disease were followed over three months. Macrocytosis was present in 85.0% (17/20) at the outset and in 40% (8/20) 3 months later. The changes in MCV were independent of alcohol intake and serum folate values. Macrocytosis is a useful diagnostic indicator of alcoholism. MCV values greater than 100 fl in patients with liver disease almost invariably indicate alcohol-related disease. In the short-term, changes in MCV are of little use in monitoring alcohol intake. PMID- 7226721 TI - Male-female differences in the cytotoxic activity of human monocytes in vitro. AB - The cytotoxic activity of human monocytes towards anti-D-sensitized Rh(D) positive red cells in vitro was studied in relation to the age and sex of healthy monocyte donors. It was found that cytotoxic activity of monocytes from young females (age range 18-40 years) was significantly less than that of monocytes from age-matched males, irrespective of the use of oral contraceptives. No such difference was found between monocytes from older males and females (age range 43 63 years). The cytotoxic activity of monocytes from the two latter groups of donors was similar to that of young males. In the presence of cytochalasin B, which enhances the cytotoxic activity of monocytes, no male-female difference was detected, indicating that the maximal cytotoxic capacity of monocytes from young females is similar to that of monocytes from young males. We have previously presented evidence that the cytotoxic activity of monocytes is mediated by lysosomal enzymes released by these cells. These present data suggest that the reduction in cytotoxic activity of monocytes from young females might be a result of a reduced lysosomal enzyme release which is possibly related to the in vivo action of female sex hormones. However, we were not able to detect an inhibitory effect of oestrogens and progestagens on cytotoxic activity of monocytes from males in vitro. PMID- 7226722 TI - Tentative protocol for the evaluation of coagulometers, based on one-stage prothrombin time. AB - Information on performance is invaluable to those who have to decide on the choice of an instrument. More interest is being shown in the use of coagulometers. Accordingly, a tentative protocol for the evaluation of coagulometers is presented for discussion. While it is based on the use of one stage prothrombin time, principles of evaluation are laid down which should make it generally applicable. It is hoped that the tentative protocol will form the basis of a reference protocol and to this end comments are invited from users of coagulometers and suppliers. Comments for publication may be sent to the Editor of Clinical and Laboratory Haematology or to the Secretary of the Working Party. PMID- 7226723 TI - A rapid whole blood technique for assessment of neutrophil phagocytosis and killing. PMID- 7226724 TI - The use of the Coulter Counter Model S plus for the leucocyte count of leucopenic blood. PMID- 7226725 TI - Sequential blood counts and their variation in normal subjects. PMID- 7226726 TI - The effect of charcoal hemoperfusion on the catecholamine levels in severely intoxicated patients. AB - The plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels in patients with shock due to severe drug intoxication are elevated. Important extration of the catecholamines by the charcoal during combined hemoperfusion-hemodialysis treatment does not result in depletion. PMID- 7226727 TI - Noninteractive emergency consultation for acute intoxication. AB - The delivery of consultation for treatment of acute intoxication encounters several obstacles. The physician must recognize the case with which he needs assistance; he must be aware that assistance is available; the help must be technically correct; the delivery system must maintain responsible professional continuity while providing consultation at the time and place where it is required. The consultation must be appropriate to the clinical problem at hand in that immediate life-threatening aspects are covered quickly while continuing care and principles are deferred. Availability of specialized equipment and drugs must be assured by some method of precrisis communication. A system for delivery of telephone consultation for the treatment of acute intoxication is described. The system is based on a collection of prepared tapes, providing consultation of 3 to 6 min duration, oriented toward specific topics such as etiologic substances, common clinical syndromes, and commonly encountered complications. The advantages and disadvantages of the program are discussed. PMID- 7226728 TI - Is ethanol a testicular toxin? AB - A method is described by which the testis of the rat can be isolated and selectively perfused in vitro to examine the effect of potential gonadal toxins. Using this system, the effect of ethanol at levels commonly found in the plasma of nonalcoholic men who drink alcohol was evaluated. Ethanol was found to significantly reduce (p less than 0.01) testosterone production and secretion by the isolated perfused testis. The advantage of such a system is that it permits examination of the effect of specific testicular toxins, such as alcohol, independent of hepatic metabolism and/or hypothalamic-pituitary suppression by such substances. These results suggest that ethanol, independent of hepatic metabolism and/or hypothalamic-pituitary suppression, is a direct testicular toxin. PMID- 7226729 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias and ECG abnormalities in tricyclic antidepressant overdose. AB - Tricyclic antidepressant overdose is widely felt to be associated with cardiac arrhythmias which may occur without warning, sometimes late in the clinical course. For this reason, many institutions routinely monitor cardiac rhythm in such patients for up to 72 h. A retrospective study was carried out to analyze the clinical course of such patients with emphasis on cardiac complications. Thirty-eight cases of TCA overdose were reviewed. Fourteen patients (36.9%) were classified as lethargic or stuporous on admission while 23 (60.5%) were either comatose or semicomatose, nine requiring endotracheal intubation. Patients were continuously monitored an average of 60 h after admission. Admission ECG's were abnormal in a high number of cases, most common abnormalities being sinus tachycardia (43%) and intraventricular conduction defects (24%). Ventricular ectopy was less common (7.8%). ECG abnormalities, with the exception of sinus tachycardia and infrequent PVC's were associated with a severely depressed sensorium and disappeared with neurological improvement, usually in 24 h. No arrhythmias were noted after the patient had become alert. Overall mortality was 2.6%, with no deaths in the adult populations. After a search of the literature, we conclude that intensive care unit monitoring is not indicated for prolonged periods once the patient has otherwise recovered from his acute complications of drug overdose. PMID- 7226731 TI - Clonidine overdose in children. AB - Three cases of clonidine overdosage are described. The clinical features were typical of those described in the literature. Though all three patients were severely poisoned, treatment was supportive except for intravenous atropine. Other more aggressive treatment regimen are discussed but it is emphasized that these are rarely, if ever, required. PMID- 7226730 TI - The effect of maternal smoking on carboxyhemoglobin levels and acid-base balance of the fetus. AB - Results are presented showing a dose-related effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on cord blood carboxyhemoglobin levels. These elevated cord blood carboxyhemoglobin levels are associated with decreased pH and pO2 levels and raised pCO2 levels. This evidence of chronic intrauterine hypoxia in the infants of mothers who smoke during pregnancy provides a potential mechanism for the reduced birthweight found in these infants. PMID- 7226732 TI - Cigarette smoking and the outcome of human pregnancies: a status report on the consequences. PMID- 7226733 TI - Selenium: childhood poisoning and cystic fibrosis. AB - Two cases of selenium ingestion in children are described; one child with severe cystic fibrosis died. Both children had cystic fibrosis and both had low serum chloride in association with selenium usage. Neither child was exposed to excessive heat or cold weather, factors known to salt-deplete children were cystic fibrosis, although one child was dehydrated during a summer month on initial presentation. One child had protein-calorie malnutrition, a condition known to enhance selenium toxicity in animals. We conclude that selenium is a potential hazard in its use as a health food fad for children with cystic fibrosis and in overdose ingestions. Thus selenium supplementation may have contributed to the morbidity and mortality reported here. PMID- 7226734 TI - Acute thrombocytopenia following oral cholecystography with iopanoic acid. AB - We report a case of severe thrombocytopenia following oral cholecystography with iopanoic acid, a widely used contrast medium. A bone marrow aspirate showed increased numbers of megakaryocytes, suggesting a thrombocytopenia due to enhanced peripheral destruction of platelets; this examination was not reported in the previously described two cases. Although hematological reactions due to iopanoic acid are very rare, it would be wise to question patients regarding any preceding drug-induced purpura before proceeding with oral cholecystography. PMID- 7226735 TI - Unexpected metabolic acidosis in severe lye poisoning. AB - Prolonged metabolic acidosis developed in a 38-year-old patient suffering from severe peroral liquid lye poisoning without shock syndrome. Metabolic acidosis was caused by lactic acid. The combination of increased lactic acid production in the marginal regions of the necrotic intestinal areas and impaired lactate removal by the liver were most probably responsible for this lactic acidosis. PMID- 7226736 TI - Reports of marijuana for glaucoma treatment are misleading; researchers will study. National Institutes of Health. PMID- 7226738 TI - Integrating velocity, time, and distance information: a developmental study. PMID- 7226737 TI - Orientation in cognitive maps. PMID- 7226739 TI - Citizen participation in the governance of community mental health centers. AB - The article reviews theory undergoing citizen participation in governance and presents several models of governance. A mail survey of 220 community mental health centers revealed that most centers did not meet the participant requirements of Public Law 94-63 for broad representation of the catchment area in governance or the functional requirements for decision-making, nor did boards incorporate other typical approaches to participation. This breakdown in implementation of the law can be interpreted as a twofold problem of organizational adaptation an power redistribution. Policy solutions would need to take both these cases into account. Incremental strategies alone are unlikely to create sufficient impact. Organizational development focused on building new models of governance and direct efforts to mobilize and empower citizens are suggested. PMID- 7226740 TI - Citizen participation in community mental health center service delivery. AB - Citizen involvement in CMHC service delivery has two bases: (a) volunteerism and (b) identification with clients and citizens who may need services. This identification is expressed two ways, as cultural similarity to clients or social activism in their behalf. Paraprofessionals have been portrayed as a major mechanism. Current practice shows some discrepancy from the theoretical program goals. While CMHCs include an appreciable number of volunteers and mental health workers with less than a BA degree, the extent to which they augment services with community or social activism values is doubtful. PMID- 7226741 TI - A framework for understanding participation in community mental health services. AB - Citizen participation has been associated with confusing rhetoric and conflicting philosophical rationales, both in its long history in America and in the community mental health movement. While CMHCs have emphasized participation less than many other social programs begun in the 1960s, participatory roles have evolved. Some of the confusion surrounding this complex topic can be clarified by distinguishing three dimensions of participation--power, participants and program functions. Conflicting societal trends have the future of participation in the community mental health movement uncertain. PMID- 7226742 TI - Client participation in mental health service delivery. AB - Client participation in the delivery of mental health services is a relatively inexpensive but underutilized mechanism for providing increased support and continuity of care. CMHCs are falling short of fully realizing the potential value of self-help programs in the day-to-day operations of the Centers. Existing programs of several varieties show that the obstacles of limited motivation, capacities, organizational framework, and resistance by clients and professionals can be surmounted. PMID- 7226744 TI - Client participation in CMHC program evaluation: increasing incidence, inadequate involvement. AB - Client satisfaction surveys and client complaint systems are used by more CMHCs since the Amendments of 1975 required centers to evaluate "acceptability of service," but clients are seldom actively involved in designing or administering these evaluations. The authors argue that greater control by clients is merited on technical and political grounds, and would increase the likelihood that program improvements would result from assessments of acceptability. PMID- 7226743 TI - Citizen participation in CMHC program evaluation: a neglected potential. AB - A rationale for involving citizens in CMHC planning and evaluation is presented from three prospectives: (1) values, (2) responsiveness to the community, and (3) utilization of evaluative findings. Current practices in citizen involvement in CMHC evaluation are reviewed and several examples are given. Seven roles citizens can play in CMHC evaluation are described. Data indicating that citizens can provide useful, relevant information and recommendations which can lead to positive changes in the CMHC are offered. The paper concludes that citizen participation in CMHC evaluation occurs infrequently and presents suggestions as to how this situation can be remedied. PMID- 7226745 TI - Reaction of a skeptical sociologist. AB - Various federal efforts to stimulate participation of the disadvantaged in community-based human service programs appear to have produced only modest results. Particularly deserving sober attention are support services needed to initiate and sustain meaningful involvement of the disadvantaged. Both financing such support services and potential professional dominance of citizen participants pose critical problems. PMID- 7226746 TI - Reaction of a frustrated citizen. AB - Participation on a board of a Comprehensive Community Mental Health Center is a frustrating, saddening, but occasionally positive experience. The positives can continue to outweigh the negatives only if the partnership between staff and citizen can be strengthened. Continued manipulation by either side of the partnership will in the end only destroy the goals we have worked for. With the reduction of federal commitment and the expiration of grants for most of the centers in the country we must band together to find new and creative ways to stay alive. Community Health Centers have made a real difference in the lives of ordinary citizens and in the lives of those who have served on their boards. Hopefully a renewed effect to bring staff and citizen/consumers together will bring about the new partnership without which there may be no Community in Mental Health Centers. PMID- 7226747 TI - Reaction of an angry consumer. AB - The greatest deterrents to client participation in community mental health are: 1) The attitudes of professionals; 2) The undemocratic structure of patient grievance procedures. The remedy for these deficits is a restructuring of the population and power structure of mental health boards to facilitate meaningful participation by clients. PMID- 7226748 TI - Reaction of a harassed administrator. AB - CMHC's do not currently have the capacity to deal successfully with the complex issues of citizen participation in governance, service delivery and evaluation. The primary obstacle is the continuous financial crisis in which the CMHC finds itself, and the associated disparity between special CMHC funding and the funding of mainstream health services. Until the financial dilemmas of CMHC's are solved, citizen participation in their operations will remain problematic. PMID- 7226749 TI - Plasma desipramine levels after single dosage and at steady state in outpatients. PMID- 7226750 TI - Plasma DBH activity: relation to genetic factors in schizophrenia. PMID- 7226751 TI - Effect of propranolol treatment on serum prolactin level in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7226752 TI - Effect of piribedil (ET-495) on plasma norepinephrine: relationship to antidepressant response. PMID- 7226753 TI - L-dopa enhances acquisition of an inhibitory avoidance response. PMID- 7226754 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nortriptyline in elderly volunteers. PMID- 7226755 TI - Quickly-made cannula for repeated cerebrospinal fluid sampling in rats. PMID- 7226756 TI - Prolonged effects of cocaine on hippocampal activity. PMID- 7226757 TI - Some notes on uncertainty; federal policy and innovation. PMID- 7226758 TI - A binary identification system for use in tracing and analyzing dichotomously branching dendrite and axon systems. PMID- 7226759 TI - Biplane regional wall motion analysis: optimal method for identification of left ventricular akinesis/dyskinesis with quantitative cineangiography in man. PMID- 7226760 TI - A program for transition point analysis of experimental data. PMID- 7226761 TI - Intraoperative cholangiography: a reappraisal. PMID- 7226762 TI - Estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: a new approach to measure. PMID- 7226763 TI - Ultrasound-guided liver biopsy: a technique for the tissue diagnosis of hepatic malignancy. PMID- 7226765 TI - Thrombolytic therapy in thrombosis. PMID- 7226766 TI - Some notes on critical care units. PMID- 7226767 TI - Hypnotic drugs and treatment of insomnia. PMID- 7226768 TI - Communication: talking and listening. PMID- 7226764 TI - Treadmill exercise testing and Thallium-201 scanning as indicators of the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7226769 TI - Informed consent: disclosing the risks of refusing treatment. PMID- 7226770 TI - The nature and rights of the Catholic Hospital. PMID- 7226771 TI - The commission on hospital and health care and CT scanning. PMID- 7226772 TI - Intrapulmonary benign cystic teratoma. PMID- 7226773 TI - Autosomal dominant (adult) polycystic kidney disease in childhood. PMID- 7226774 TI - Percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses: interventional radiology. PMID- 7226775 TI - An overview of obesity: cause, concerns, and control. PMID- 7226776 TI - The role of dietary management in hypertension. PMID- 7226777 TI - Hospital malnutrition: a specter or a certainty? PMID- 7226779 TI - Connecticut Medical Examining Board and new legislation--P.A. 80-484. PMID- 7226778 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, assisted by the Office for Medical Applications of Research, NIH. PMID- 7226781 TI - The renaissance of nutrition. PMID- 7226780 TI - Multimillion-dollar verdict in malpractice case in Connecticut: a complex trial record. PMID- 7226782 TI - Complications of peritoneovenous shunting for malignant ascites. A collective review. PMID- 7226783 TI - Benzodiazepine dependency in alcoholics. PMID- 7226784 TI - Hematologic findings in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7226785 TI - An epidemiologic review of cancer in an industrialized Connecticut town. PMID- 7226786 TI - Nurse-physician collaboration. PMID- 7226787 TI - The "exceptions" to informed consent (first of two parts). PMID- 7226788 TI - Cervical cancer screening: the Pap smear. Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute. Assisted by the Office for Medical Applications of Research, NIH. PMID- 7226789 TI - Reye syndrome--Ohio, Michigan. PMID- 7226790 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum. PMID- 7226791 TI - Moratorium on recertification. AMA Council on Medical Education. PMID- 7226792 TI - Current medicolegal issues. The citation. PMID- 7226794 TI - Nurse-physician joint practice. PMID- 7226793 TI - Medical decisions for incompetent adults: the Spring case II. PMID- 7226795 TI - Geriatrics and manpower. PMID- 7226796 TI - Thrombosis of the porcine heterograft heart valve bioprosthesis. PMID- 7226797 TI - Diagnostic evaluation of patients with DES exposure in-utero. A prospective study. PMID- 7226798 TI - Hypertension in the elderly. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. PMID- 7226799 TI - The FTC and health care: the role of competition. PMID- 7226800 TI - The hospital trustee and quality assurance. PMID- 7226801 TI - Swiss guidelines on care of the dying. PMID- 7226802 TI - Terminal illness. Judicial Council of the AMA. PMID- 7226803 TI - Patient's right to die in dignity. PMID- 7226804 TI - Criteria for determining that death has occurred: II. PMID- 7226805 TI - The new pathology-iatrogenic pathology. PMID- 7226806 TI - Bacchiochi vs. Johnson Memorial Hospital. PMID- 7226807 TI - Functional morphology of the hip and thigh of the lorisiformes. PMID- 7226808 TI - Symposium on experimental and clinical aspects of proteinuria, Giessen, March 22 23, 1980. PMID- 7226810 TI - Drug-induced proteinuria. PMID- 7226809 TI - Micropuncture studies of the mechanisms of normal and pathologic albuminuria. PMID- 7226811 TI - Characteristics of protein excretion in glomerular and tubular disease. PMID- 7226812 TI - Aetiology and effects of proteinuria in pregnancy. PMID- 7226813 TI - Renal handling of amino acids and oligopeptides. PMID- 7226814 TI - Glomerular filtration of macromolecules: normal mechanisms and the pathogenesis of proteinuria. PMID- 7226815 TI - Fine structural evidence of Tamm-Horsfall protein as a constituent of tubular casts in the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7226816 TI - Isolated proteinuria. PMID- 7226817 TI - Clinical applications of selectivity of proteinuria. PMID- 7226818 TI - Clinical significance of urinary albumin dimers in the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7226819 TI - Pregnancy -- a challenge to volume homeostasis. PMID- 7226820 TI - Pathophysiology of the urinary tract during pregnancy. PMID- 7226821 TI - Chronic intravascular coagulation in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. PMID- 7226822 TI - Proteinuria in relation to toxaemia of pregnancy. PMID- 7226823 TI - Metabolism of uric acid in normal and pathologic pregnancy. PMID- 7226825 TI - Therapy of toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 7226826 TI - Pathophysiological mechanisms of acute renal failure. PMID- 7226824 TI - Results of a prospective study of toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 7226827 TI - Post-delivery hemolytic-uremic syndrome. PMID- 7226828 TI - Aspects of urinary tract infections and renal scarring in girls entering adulthood. PMID- 7226829 TI - The significance of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in pregnancy. PMID- 7226830 TI - Treatment of urinary tract infection during pregnancy. PMID- 7226831 TI - Volume homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. PMID- 7226832 TI - Renal function in pregnancy. PMID- 7226833 TI - Effect of pregnancy on the natural history of kidney disease. PMID- 7226834 TI - Coagulation problems in pregnancy. PMID- 7226836 TI - Haemorheological changes in pregnancy. PMID- 7226835 TI - Fibrin(ogen) degradation products in normal pregnancy and toxaemia of pregnancy. PMID- 7226837 TI - Diagnosis and therapy of coagulopathies in patients with liver disease. AB - Although the coagulopathies encountered in patients with liver disease can be multifactorial, the most common cause is underproduction of certain coagulation factors synthesized by the liver. Generally, vitamin K and replacement therapy are all that is necessary. In the rare instance in which the coagulopathy may be complicated by hyperfibrinolysis or disseminated intravascular coagulation, replacement therapy may not suffice and other means of correcting the defect may be necessary. The prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, and a test for fibrinolysis are recommended as the initial workup for the bleeding patient with underlying liver disease. Other, more specific tests may be necessary to differentiate the various causes of the defects in the hemostatic mechanism in these patients. PMID- 7226838 TI - Anesthesia and the patient with liver disease. PMID- 7226839 TI - Postoperative jaundice. PMID- 7226840 TI - Hepatotoxicity of halogenated inhalation anesthetics. PMID- 7226841 TI - Reduced post-thawing survival of sperm in bulls with mycoplasmal vesiculitis. PMID- 7226842 TI - Pharyngeal trauma in cattle. AB - Four cases of pharyngeal trauma in cattle due to improper administration of oral medications are discussed. These cases presented for suspected gastro-intestinal disorders and anorexia. Physical findings included copious drooling of saliva, pharyngeal pain, extended head and neck, forestomach stasis, fever, dysphagia, and pneumonia. Diagnosis was made by manual examination of the oral cavity or endoscopy. Ancillary diagnostic aids included clinical pathology and radiography. Hemograms were consistent with infection, serum electrolytes were normal. Radiographs in 3 of 4 did reveal significant evidence of retropharyngeal cellulitis. The signs of dysphagia and forestomach dysfunction were explained by either a pain induced inhibition of swallowing and eructation or direct involvement of the vagus nerve itself in the retropharyngeal region. An additional consequence of laryngeal motor dysfunction was aspiration pneumonia. Response to treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics, analgesics and symptomatic supportive care over a 7 to 14 day period was good. PMID- 7226843 TI - Choleresis and bile pigment excretion in the nutria. AB - Mean excretory rates of endogenous biliverdin (BV) and bilirubin (BR) in nutria were determined to be 6.0 +/- 1.0 and 0.67 +/- 0.10 microgram/min/kg, respectively. Endogenous bile flow was 33 +/- 7.0 microliter/min/kg. Infusion of sodium taurocholate at rates above 0.1 mumol/min/kg resulted in cholestasis. Hepatic transport maxima for BR conjugates following the infusion of unconjugated BR were 120 and 130 micrograms/min/kg. Although nutria excrete predominantly BV like avian and reptilian species, they differ by readily excreting an exogenous load of unconjugated BR. PMID- 7226844 TI - Epidemiologic features of canine hypothyroidism. AB - This study investigates the epidemiologic features of 3,206 dogs diagnosed with hypothyroidism (including myxedema) from 1.1 million dogs seen at 15 veterinary teaching hospitals between March, 1964 and June, 1978. Nine breeds found to be at high-risk for hypothyroidism were: golden retrievers, Doberman pinschers, dachshunds, Shetland sheepdogs, Irish setters, Pomeranians, miniature schnauzers, cocker spaniels, and Airedales. Two breed with a significant deficit of risk were German shepherds and mixed breed (mongrel) dogs. Age risk was greatest among younger dogs of high-risk breeds, further suggesting a genetic component to the etiology of this disease. In contrast, low-risk dogs had increasing relative risk through nine years of age. Spayed female dogs displayed a significantly higher risk when compared to intact females. Though not statistically significant, male castrated dogs had 30% more hypothyroidism compared to their intact counterparts. Among the case series were 91 endocrine and hormone-related neoplasms and 198 other endocrine-related disorders. Further studies linking canine hypothyroidism to other conditions, particularly cancer, could provide valuable insight into human disease experience. PMID- 7226845 TI - Embryo resorptions in mice induced by diterpene resin acids of Pinus ponderosa needles. AB - Ingestion of hexane extract of Pinus ponderosa needles causes reproductive failure in mice during the early stages of gestation. Virgin mice of the ICR strain were mated with males of proven fertility. The day the copulatory plug was observed was designated day 1 of gestation. Hexane extracts were administered daily via stomach tube at various concentrations and for various feeding periods. Implantation sites were stained by injections of pontamine sky blue dye on day 8 of gestation, fifteen minutes before sacrifice by cervical dislocation. Embryonic resorptions were observed in the uterus. The active components of the hexane extracts were isolated and identified as a mixture of diterpene resin acids. The diterpene resin acids are pimaric, isopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric/levopimaric, abietic, dehydroabietic and neoabietic acid. PMID- 7226846 TI - Teratogenic effects of Nicotiana glauca and concentration of anabasine, the suspect teratogen in plant parts. AB - Nicotiana glauca consumption by pregnant cows or sows produced arthrogryposis and other congenital deformities in their offspring. The plant material administered contained 0.11% anabasine, the suspect teratogen. But concentration varied among various plant parts; woody material was very low but leaves and bark were high. The anabasine was identified by mass spectral fragmentation analysis. PMID- 7226847 TI - Total complement hemolytic activity of colostral whey and sera from dairy cows. AB - Two methods were used to clarify bovine colostrum for quantitation of total complement (C') hemolytic activity in the whey. The renin precipitation method produced whey which tended to have higher C' hemolytic activity (5.0 +/- 3.4 CH50 units) than did whey prepared by ultracentrifugation (2.5 +/- 2.6 CH50 units) although this difference was not significant. No correlation was found between levels of complement in the sera of cows at parturition and in the colostral whey from the same animal. Total complement activity was not detected in milk taken a 96 hours or one month after parturition. This is apparently the first report of quantitation of total C' hemolytic activity in bovine colostrum. PMID- 7226848 TI - Cement kiln dusts as a selenium source in sheep rations. AB - Cement dust has been found to be a source of selenium when included in the rations of sheep. In the work reported, rations including 3% by weight of cement dusts were fed to sheep for 165 days. The dust were taken from 3 collectors located at progressively greater distances from the coal-fired end of the kiln. Selenium levels and blood and tissues of the animals fed the cement dusts increased significantly above those of the control sheep. No tissue abnormalities were observed in animals receiving any of the treatment rations. The source of selenium is believed to derive from its content of fly ash as a result of the coal combustion during cement manufacture. PMID- 7226849 TI - Determination of blood pressure by indirect methods in dogs given acetylpromazine maleate. AB - This study was designed to monitor and compare indirect blood pressures by two methods (ultrasonic Doppler and photoelectric) after intravenous acetylpromazine maleate at three different doses (0.11, 0.55, and 1.10 mg/kg). Sixteen unanesthetized dogs were placed in right lateral recumbency and pressures estimated from the left hind leg at two preinjection times and at 3, 15, 60 and 120 minutes postinjection. This procedure was followed for each dog for each of the three doses. Preinjection ultrasonic mean values and standard deviations were similar to published values. Photoelectric systolic pressures were lower and diastolic pressures higher than ultrasonic systolic and diastolic pressures. The decrease in blood pressure was detected by both methods. Neither method revealed a dose related response. PMID- 7226851 TI - Loss of topographic memory with learning deficits. AB - A case is reported in which a patient with a vascular accident involving the posterior portion of the minor hemisphere presented a topographic memory loss and also deficits in his ability to learn certain types of new material. The study of this case has led us to re-examine spatial functioning in light of both human and animal research. Based on clinical and experimental evidence we have proposed that a unitary interpretation can account for the various spatial deficits associated with posterior righ hemisphere lesions. We have also suggested that the establishment of a spatial map for orientation probably depends not only on posterior right hemisphere structures but also may require the participation of structures which are more specifically concerned with learning and memory, such as the hippocampus or at least the connections between the hippocampus and these structures. PMID- 7226850 TI - Canine parvovirus in a commercial kennel: epidemiologic and pathologic findings. AB - A study was conducted at a large canine commercial kennel that had suffered serious losses due to epidemic diarrheal disease following the introduction of canine parvovirus (CPV) into the kennel population. Mortality was highest in weaned (9- to 12-week-old) puppies coincident with the decline in maternal antibody titers. Virus was present in fecal samples from both fatal and non-fatal cases. Intestinal lesions of varying severity were present in dogs that died. One case of myocarditis occurred in a 5-week-old puppy. Reproductive performance was unaffected by the introduction of canine parvovirus into the kennel population. PMID- 7226852 TI - Self-report of memory skills after temporal lobectomy: the effect of clinical variables. AB - Forty-eight patients who had undergone unilateral temporal lobectomy for the relief of focal epilepsy 6 months to 6 years prior to contact were asked to rate themselves on a questionnaire designed to look at "real-life" memory skills. The temporal lobe patients, as a group, saw themselves as having poorer memories than normals, but only 3 out of 43 items showed significant differences between right and left-sided lobectomy patients. Our hypotheses that age at operation, reduction in seizure frequency and time since operation (in the left temporal lobe patients only) would determine the extent of subject complaint of memory were fully confirmed. In addition, sex of the patient was found to be a significant variable. The status of subjective and objective measures of memory as indices of "real-life" memory skills is discussed. PMID- 7226853 TI - Cerebral lateralization: relation to subject's sex. AB - Patterns of reflective LEM's have been correlated to a number of cognitive and personality variables, bu the relationship to sex, education, and mental illness is unclear. In this study females produced significantly more R-LEM overall indicating a preferential use of left hemisphere mechanisms when they initiate reflective thought. Females also produced more R-LEM for verbal nonemotional material, suggesting stronger lateralization of language abilities to their left hemisphere. Emotional and spatial stimuli were less well lateralized to the right hemisphere in females, and education was an unimportant variable for both sexes. Schizophrenia was independently associated with increases in total R-LEM indicating increased left hemisphere activity in this group. PMID- 7226854 TI - Hemispheric timesharing: verbal and spatial loading with concurrent unimanual activity. PMID- 7226855 TI - Grammatical decision time and visual hemifield stimulation. AB - An experiment was performed to study grammatical decision time to three-letter Hebrew verbs and nouns presented to the right or to the left visual hemifield. Decision time was measured by the subject's manual response involving the movement of the index finger from the middle one of three electronic contact keys, to the right key to indicate the appearance of a verb, and to the left key to indicate the appearance of a noun. A comparison was also made of two response conditions, right hand responding versus left hand responding. The results indicate a greater number of errors in responding to verbs than to nouns, but no difference in accuracy between right visual field (RVF) stimulation and left visual field (LVF) stimulation. In contrast, the results indicate that grammatical decision time to Hebrew verbs is shorter than to nouns for all conditions of stimulation and response. Decision time to verbs appearing in the right visual field (RVF) is shorter than to verbs appearing in the left visual field (LVF). Consequently, the difference in decision time between verbs and nouns is greater for RVF stimulation than for LVF stimulation. There is no difference in decision time for stimulation of the RVF or LVF by nouns. Responding hand also does not affect grammatical decision time to either verbs or nouns in either RVF or LVF stimulation. PMID- 7226856 TI - Left-hemisphere motor dominance in righthanders. AB - Left-hemisphere dominance for motor programming was tested in two experiments by measuring acquisition and cross-hand transfer of a complex key-pressing skill in righthanded adults. In the first experiment, visual feedback was excluded to insure unilaterality of motor control. Consistent with left-hemisphere motor dominance, males showed faster acquisition with righthand training than with lefthand training and greater transfer from left to right then vice versa; but females exhibited neither asymmetry. To investigate the possibility that females relied on verbal strategies to remember which keys to press and that this prevented them from showing the predicted asymmetries, the need for such strategies was reduced in a second experiment by allowing visual feedback. Although the provision of visual input may have mitigated against motor asymmetries by directly engaging both hemispheres in the task, results showed more rapid improvement in skills with the right hand than with the left for both sexes, extending evidence for left-hemisphere motor dominance to a population including females as well as males. PMID- 7226857 TI - Residual visual capacities in a case of cortical blindness. AB - A case of cortical blindness resulting from a dense ischemic lesion of both calcarine cortices (as seen on CAT Scan) was studied up till the seventh month after the initial stroke. By using mainly forced-choice procedures, similar to those previously used for testing hemianopic subjects, we were able to demonstrate the reappearance of some visual capacities, even though the patient still behaved as if completely blind in everyday life and the lesion remained as it was first seen. First, an ability to detect moving stimuli reappeared then bright flashes could be detected. At last, the patient could localize flickering spots approximately, by pointing with his hand, despite the fact that he did not really see them. As was hypothesized in cases of unilateral occipital lesions, such residual vision would likely to be subserved by extrageniculostriate pathways. PMID- 7226858 TI - A dichotic rhythm task: advantage for the left-handed. AB - Right- and left-handed subjects responded to a task which required identification of signal events embedded in four-beat dichotic rhythm patterns. Left-handed subjects reported a significantly greater number of signals from both ears than did right-handed subjects. The results suggested that left-handed subjects may be better able to analyze simultaneous stimuli and integrate differential information from them into a coherent response structure. The data further support a bi-dominant theory of left-handedness. PMID- 7226859 TI - handedness in engineering and psychology students. AB - Patterns of handedness were compared in engineering and psychology students using a questionnaire developed by Oldfield (1971). Engineering students are highly selected in terms of mathematico-spatial skills while psychology students are representative of typical undergraduate populations. In general the incidence of right- and left-handedness was according to expectation for the two groups. However, the engineering sample exhibited a significantly greater dextrality then the psychologists. Some implications of this finding were discussed. PMID- 7226860 TI - The influence of sex and age on the incidence and type of aphasia. AB - The relation of sex and age to the incidence and type of aphasia was investigated in 200 aphasic patients. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) Males and females show language disorder with equal frequency. (2) There is a prevalence of non-fluent aphasics in males as compared to females. (3) Broca's aphasics are mildly, but significantly young than Wernicke's aphasics. PMID- 7226861 TI - Factors influencing type and severity of aphasia. AB - The influence of etiology and sex on aphasia type and the relation of age to the severity and type of language disorders have been assessed in 718 right-handed aphasic patients. Both trauma and neoplasia are associated with fluent aphasia significantly more often, while sex proved to have no influence on aphasia type. The frequency distribution of age according to type and severity of aphasia - studied in vascular patients only (N = 566) - demonstrated that fluency and severity are significantly associated with older age. PMID- 7226862 TI - Microwave hyperthermia for cancer therapy. PMID- 7226863 TI - Does the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure predict left ventricular preload in critically ill patients? AB - The construction of a Frank-Starling myocardial function curve relating heart work to left ventricular preload is clinically utilized to assess therapeutic protocols in critically ill patients. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PWP) is the index of left ventricular filling pressure most frequently utilized as representative of left ventricular preload. The authors assessed the relationship between left ventricular preload measured as the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), and the PWP, in acutely ill patients with sepsis and cardiac disease. Within each group, no relationship was found between the LVEDV and the PWP; however, when omitting the effect of PEEP, a modest correlation was noted (r = 0.302; p less than 0.01). Of the left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDV and PWP, the PWP accounted for less than 5% of the explained variance in the stroke volume index. The PWP is a poor predictor of left ventricular preload, probably because of abnormalities of left ventricular compliance in critically ill patients. PMID- 7226864 TI - Blood-brain barrier impairment after cardiac resuscitation. AB - The influence of CPR on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in dogs was studied by fluorescence microscopy using Evans blue as a BBB tracer. Three of 9 control dogs, whose blood pressure (BP) was increased by more than 130 mm Hg, showed dye extravasation (BBB impairment) into brain tissue, but no extravasation was seen in the other 6 controls whose BP increase was less than 110 mm Hg. In 11 experimental animals, extravasation of Evans blue occurred in 8 of 9 resuscitated dogs after several minutes of cardiac arrest and in 1 of 2 nonresuscitated dogs. In the resuscitated dogs, the maximum systolic BP (peak BP) after restoration of ventricular function ranged from -40 to +210 mm Hg compared to control values. They showed all grades of dye extravasation without significant correlation between the magnitude of BP increase and the severity of dye extravasation. The authors conclude that BBB disruption usually occurs during CPR and causes plasma protein extravasation into brain tissue. Arterial hypertension is a causative factor for BBB disruption, as was seen in the control dogs. In resuscitation, restoration of BP sufficient to overcome intracranial pressure and maintain cerebral blood flow may be high enough to induce BBB disruption because cerebral vessels are fully dilated and functionally impaired due to longstanding anoxia. The rapidity of BP increases after restoration of ventricular function could be another factor which might contribute to BBB impairment. PMID- 7226865 TI - Cerebral perfusion pressure and abnormal intracranial pressure wave forms: their relation to outcome in birth asphyxia. AB - Intracranial pressure (ICP) studies were carried out in 14 infants with severe birth asphyxia and brain damage. A markedly low cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was noted in infants who died and in 1 infant who survived with cerebral palsy. The long-term ICP tracing revealed negative waves and plateau waves in 2 infants. Cushing response was noted in 2 infants who had elevated ICP. The value and significance of evaluated CPP and of abnormal waveforms are discussed. PMID- 7226866 TI - Comparison of the cerebral function monitor with the EEG in determining brain death. AB - The cerebral function monitor (CFM) is a portable electronic device that processes and records bipolar cortical electrical signals derived from two parietal scalp electrodes. Specific filtering and electronic rectification permit tracings of high quality to be obtained at any location, even where electrical interference and personal movements may render the conventional EEG difficult to interpret. In a comparison study of patients with clinically apparent brain death, CFM tracings that revealed no cerebral electrical activity correlated perfectly with isoelectric EEGs performed in a neurophysiology laboratory in 10 patients who manifested signs of absent brain stem function, a positive 3-min apnea test, and severe hypotension. All patients had a terminal cardiac arrest within 17 days of onset of coma; the mean survival time was 9 days. Thus, a strong though presumptive diagnosis of brain death may be made in those patients with absent electrical activity on the CFM and evidence of absent brain stem, i.e., respiratory center, function. PMID- 7226867 TI - Transfusion nomogram: an application of physiology to clinical decisions regarding the use of blood. AB - A nomogram has been prepared that depicts relationships between cardiac output (Q), oxygen consumption (Vo2), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), the position of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, the oxygen saturation of arterial blood (SaO2), and the partial pressure of oxygen in the mixed venous blood (PVO2). Examples are provided to illustrate how this nomogram may be employed to facilitate decisions regarding the need for blood transfusions in patients in whom oxygen delivery may be impaired. PMID- 7226868 TI - Modified Mapleson D system for long-term mechanical ventilation of infants and children. AB - The Bain circuit, a modified Mapleson D system, is a lightweight, simple circuit which has been used primarily for anesthesia. This report describes its use for long-term mechanical ventilation for infants and children. The use of this circuit improved warming of inspired gas reducing patient heat loss and, additionally, it was believed to have resulted in increased humidity of the inspired gas. There were no instances of accidental extubation nor were any of the endotracheal tubes blocked by inspissated secretions. Temperatures of the humidifiers had to be lower than conventionally recommended but this did not result in any nosocomial infections. This circuit is an effective and safe circuit to use for long-term mechanical ventilation of children. PMID- 7226869 TI - Comparison of two closed systems for thermodilution cardiac outputs. AB - The authors used an in vitro flow system to evaluate the sources of error in a previously described closed system thermodilution method for cardiac output determinations. Cardiac outputs were overestimated by as much as 49% because the injectate warmed as it was drawn through the connecting tubing. Submerging the tubing in the ice bath prevented this problem. The authors also evaluated a new closed system thermodilution cardiac output method. The method employed a bypass line and a spring loaded autosyringe which enables the user to flush the system with cold fluid, thereby ensuring accurate injectate temperatures. Cardiac output determinations with this method were as accurate as those obtained with a CO2 powered injector. Additionally, this method is easy to use, accommodates injection volumes of 1-10 ml, and is inexpensive. PMID- 7226870 TI - Hemoptysis and pneumothorax after removal of a persistently wedged pulmonary artery catheter. AB - Significant resistance was encountered when an attempt was made to withdraw a persistently wedged pulmonary artery catheter. A small amount of air was injected into the balloon lumen with great difficulty. This injection freed the catheter which was removed, but produced significant sudden hemoptysis and a pneumothorax. The etiology of this complication and guidelines to avoid it are presented. PMID- 7226871 TI - Thoracic aortic aneurysm causing acute bronchospasm. AB - Acute respiratory failure presenting as intractable bronchospasm was caused by tracheal obstruction due to an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. Atropine was used successfully as a bronchodilating agent, as conventional therapy failed. The diagnosis was established by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 7226872 TI - Study of an anti-arrhythmic agent, disopyramide, in delayed action form ('Ritmoforine' Retard). AB - A study was carried out in 10 patients with ventricular dysrhythmias to determine serum levels and effectiveness of treatment with a new delayed-action formulation of disopyramide. Patients received 1 tablet (322.5 mg disopyramide phosphate) twice daily and were monitored constantly. A therapeutically effective level of 3 mg/l was achieved in most cases after 24 hours and in 8 out of the 10 patients the levels remained reasonably stable during the 4 days of observation. It is suggested that adjustment of dosage is advisable in patients with renal dysfunction or left heart failure. Although the new formulation provided a good alternative to the standard preparation of disopyramide, which is usually given on a 4-times daily regimen, it is recommended that the standard capsules should be used during the first 24 hours of treatment to ensure that effective blood levels are achieved rapidly. PMID- 7226873 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of acute administration of oxyfedrine in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - In order to assess the effects of oxyfedrine in ischaemic heart disease, echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function was performed 2,5,10,15 and 20 minutes after the intravenous administration of 12 mg oxyfedrine in 15 patients with coronary artery disease without angiographic abnormalities of left ventricular wall motion. The following parameters were measured: heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, internal dimension in diastole (LVIDd) and in systole (LVIDs) of the left ventricule and the percentage shortening of the LVID (%LVID). There was a significant increase in %LVID (peak 10 minutes after drug administration; p less than 0.001) indicating improved left ventricular function, associated with slight changes in pre-load (LVIDd) and in heart rate, and no variation in mean blood pressure. No abnormalities of contraction were observed after the administration of oxyfedrine. These results suggest that oxyfedrine exerts a direct positive inotropic effect of the myocardium in patients with significant coronary artery stenoses. PMID- 7226874 TI - Effect of iron poly (sorbitolgluconic acid) complex on urinary cellular excretion. AB - The intramuscular injection of 250 mg iron poly (sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex caused no increase in urinary cellular or bacterial excretion in 8 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, 4 patients with non-infective renal disease, and 4 controls. However, in 4 patients with chronic infective disease of the renal tract given 500 g there was a significant increase in cellular excretion. This response was not seen in 2 control patients, nor in 2 patients with non-infective renal disease. Using a differential staining technique, this increase in urinary cellular excretion was found to be due, not to leucocytes, but to renal tubular cells. The precise significance of this is unclear, but there would be concern that the high concentration of excreted iron was providing a 'toxic' insult to susceptible, infection-damaged cells. PMID- 7226875 TI - A multi-centre general practice study on the use of a timolol/bendrofluazide combination ('Prestim') in the management of hypertension: preliminary report. AB - A preliminary report is given on the first 500 patients entered in an on-going open study in general practice of a combination of 10 mg timolol maleate and 2.5 mg bendrofluazide used to treat mild to moderate essential hypertension. After a 2-week placebo period, dose titration was conducted at weekly intervals, with a final assessment 8 weeks after the diastolic blood pressure was controlled. Data for 472 patients out of 492 commencing active therapy were evaluated. Four hundred and thirty-seven (93%) became normotensive (less than or equal to mmHg diastolic) on a mean dose of 1.9 tablets taken as a single daily dose. Control was maintained over the follow-up period in all but 13 (2.6%) patients who required a dosage reduction and 2 (0.4%) who required a dosage increase. The incidence of side-effects was low, 22 (4.4%) patients stopping treatment due to adverse events. Biochemical parameters all stayed within normal values. The rapidity of dosage titration, patient acceptability, compliance with regard to the once daily dosage and the low incidence of side-effects suggest that the timolol/bendrofluazide combination approaches optimum therapy for mild to moderate hypertension. PMID- 7226876 TI - The pathophysiology of disorders of oxygen transport in the infant. AB - The major attempt in this monograph has been to provide a systematic approach to OT in the infant under normal and abnormal conditions based on an appreciation of pathophysiologic mechanisms. This has included a consideration of oxygen uptake, gas transfer from the lungs to the circulation, oxygen delivery to the tissues, and various adaptive responses. We have discussed disorders involving the control of respiration, the upper and lower airways, lung parenchyma, pulmonary circulation, heart, and the oxygen carrier, hemoglobin, that may impair OT to tissues, and how compensation for these conditions can be achieved. The clinical presentation in each of these pathologic processes represents the net effect of the lesion on the multiple steps involved in the transport of oxygen to the tissues and the adaptation provided by the lungs, heart, circulation, and hematologic system. These must be taken into account in developing a plan for medical and/or surgical treatment that is focused on improving the supply of oxygen to the various organ systems of the body. PMID- 7226877 TI - The utility of computed tomography in evaluation of extracranial diseases. AB - The application of CT to the extracranial portions of the body has only been possible since 1975, when technological advances made scanning in less than 20 seconds available to radiologists. Our experience during the first 5 years with body CT have been rewarding and we have demonstrated several significant contributions in the radiologic diagnosis of disease entities that have changed the ideal approach to the evaluation of many patients. The introduction and development of body CT has also been controversial on several issues, primarily related to cost. Increasing clinical experience will improve our definition of the strengths and limitations of CT and allow a more precise definition of the efficient utilization of this new technology. Improvements continue to be reported and it is safe to predict that CT will have further applications to clinical diagnosis in the near future. PMID- 7226879 TI - Outcome of patients with combined coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis. PMID- 7226878 TI - Neuroradiology since the advent of computed tomography. PMID- 7226880 TI - Prevention of pulmonary dysfunction secondary to hemorrhage to resuscitation with a hypertonic solution. PMID- 7226882 TI - Disseminated gonococcal infection. PMID- 7226881 TI - Surgical therapy for infective endocarditis. PMID- 7226883 TI - Dermal contact dermatitis to a disposable electrode plate. AB - A 50-year-old man developed a dermal type of allergic contact dermatitis after exposure to a disposable electrosurgical electrode. Patch testing did not determine the allergenic component, but the electrode contained none of the substances known to cause dermal contact dermatitis. PMID- 7226885 TI - The pink disease. A case report. PMID- 7226884 TI - Adult scalded skin syndrome fatally complicated by mixed gram-negative sepsis and cellulitis. PMID- 7226886 TI - Median raphe canals of the penis. AB - Developmental abnormalities of the male genitalia can result in epithelial-lined canals or cysts which occur along the ventral median raphe from the glans penis to the anus. Although usually asymptomatic, secondary infection may produce swelling, tenderness and a purulent discharge. The canals are lined by stratified squamous epithelium which does not communicate with the urethra. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. PMID- 7226887 TI - Familial polymorphous cold eruption. AB - An erythematous, burning papular eruption, constitutional symptoms, fever, and arthropathy developed in a 65-year-old patient after cold exposure. Involvement of other family members occurred in an autosomal dominant pattern. Histopathologic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed telangiectasia and primarily neutrophilic perivascular inflammation, consistent with earlier biopsy reports of this syndrome. Although previously called "familial cold urticaria," this disease is not characterized by urticaria and may be best descriptively termed, "familial polymorphous cold eruption." PMID- 7226888 TI - Granuloma inguinale. PMID- 7226889 TI - Nutrition. PMID- 7226890 TI - Dinitrochlorobenzene immunotherapy of human warts. AB - A joint clinical study was conducted to test the effectiveness of topical dinitrochlorobenzene ointment in the treatment of warts. The feasibility of this therapeutic modality was demonstrated by the fact that warts completely cleared in more than 80 percent of the eighty-four patients enrolled in the study. Healing time average from three to six weeks. Complications incurred are presented and ways to minimize them are reviewed. PMID- 7226892 TI - Becker's melanosis: an organoid hamartoma. AB - Herein we have reported the histologic findings in two cases of Becker's melanosis. In one patient the lesion showed hyperplasia or hair muscles and in the other patient the lesion was associated with an underlying neurofibroma. The proliferative changes seen in the epidermis and dermis in Becker's melanosis can best be explained by the concept of an organoid hamartoma with involvement of the epidermis, pilar structures, and some other dermal components. The localization of the plexiform neurofibroma within the Becker's nervus is a unique observation. It may fall within the spectrum of an organoid hamartoma or it may only represent a chance occurrence. PMID- 7226893 TI - Divided nevi: pigmented and achromatic. PMID- 7226891 TI - Idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum. PMID- 7226894 TI - Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy. PMID- 7226895 TI - Efficacy of halcinonide cream, 0.1 percent, in the treatment of moderate and severe dermatoses. AB - The efficacy of halcinonide cream, 0.1 percent, was evaluated in 101 patients with moderate or severe dermatoses. Conditions of these patients included contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, nummular eczema, neurodermatitis, stasis dermatitis, dyshidrosis, and various combinations of these disorders. Halcinonide cream was prescribed twice or three times a day for three weeks, and patients were followed-up weekly during this period. Sixteen patients stopped treatment after two weeks because their lesions had cleared. By the end of three weeks, the condition in 46 of the patients had completely resolved, the condition in 39 showed marked improvement, the condition in 10 had improved moderately, the condition in 5 showed mild improvement, and the condition in 1 did not show any improvement. No local or systemic side effects were reported. We conclude that halcinonide cream is an effective and safe topical therapy in the short-term treatment of a variety of moderate to severe steroid-responsive dermatoses. PMID- 7226896 TI - Heteromorphic sex chromosomes in three species of the genus Leporinus (Pisces, Anostomidae). AB - The present paper describes three cases of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in fishes of the genus Leporinus (Anostomidae). An XX/XY type was found in Leporinus lacustris and a ZZ/ZW type in L. silvestrii and L. obtusidens. These facts agree with the observations of Ebeling and Chen (1970), who suggested that heterogamety evolved not once but many times among the teleosts. PMID- 7226897 TI - High frequency fo X-Y chromosome dissociation in primary spermatocytes of F1 hybrids between Japanese wild mice (Mus musculus molossinus) and inbred laboratory mice. AB - In the hybrids between Japanese wild mice (Mus musculus molossinus) and inbred laboratory mice (BALB/c and B10.BR, which were probably derived from M. m. domesticus), the X and Y chromosomes dissociated precociously at the first meiotic metaphase in some 70% of spermatocytes; that percentage was only 8.9% in inbred laboratory mice and 21.1% in wild mice. X-Y dissociation began at least at early diakinesis and continued during metaphase I (MI). Some autosomes of the hybrid (10.1%) and BALB/c (10.6%) mice also dissociated precociously, but there was no distinctive correlation between X-Y and autosomal dissociation. In B10 or B6 congenic lines with a Y chromosome from wild M. m. molossinus, there was an apparent tendency for the percentage of precocious X-Y dissociation to decrease with an increasing number of back cross generations. Based on these observations we concluded that: 1. the X-Y dissociation found is genetically controlled, perhaps by multiple genes; 2. these genes are located on autosomes and are active only when they are heterozygous; 3. the frequent dissociation of the sex chromosomes neither affects male fertility nor induces non-disjunction of the X and Y chromosomes, though it significantly reduces testes weight. PMID- 7226898 TI - Karyotype of the indian spiny mouse resulted from tandem fusion of some of the house mouse chromosomes. PMID- 7226899 TI - The case for routine supervision of tuberculosis treatment with the medication monitor. PMID- 7226900 TI - Idiopathic dilation of the right atrium. PMID- 7226901 TI - Risks in diagnosis and therapy of left main coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 7226902 TI - Effects of breathing retraining in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Subjects with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were studied to evaluate the effects of breathing retraining (BRT) on exercise tolerance. Twenty two subjects exercised on a treadmill three times weekly for six weeks. Twelve of the subjects (controls) then exercised for three more weeks; the other ten subjects received three more weeks of exercise reconditioning plus BRT. Results of routine pulmonary function and exercise tests were similar in both groups at the beginning of the study and after six weeks of exercise. However, in the last three weeks of the study, increments in exercise performance were significantly greater in the BRT subjects than in controls (P less than .002). Following BRT, respiratory rate during exercise decreased (P less than .005) and tidal volume and PaO2 during exercise increased (P less than .05). Thus, these data suggest that BRT increases exercise performance in subjects with severe COPD. PMID- 7226903 TI - The effects of oral doses of theophylline and fenoterol on exercise-induced asthma. AB - The effects of oral doses of theophylline and a beta-adrenergic agonist, fenoterol, were examined in 18 asthmatic young adults. Significant bronchodilation was seen with high-dose theophylline (FEV1 increased 14 percent) and with full 10-mg doses of fenoterol (FEV1 increased 10 percent). Low-dose theophylline alone (130 mg) increased FEV1 by 5 percent, but when combined with 5 mg of fenoterol, a 14 percent improvement was seen, demonstrating significant (P = .003) additive effects. The ability of the two drugs to prevent the asthmatic response to exercise was not additive. The mean fall in FEV1 was not statistically different when subjects exercised after receiving a placebo (32 percent) 130 mg of theophylline (27 percent), or 130 mg of theophylline with 5 mg of fenoterol (18 percent). Furthermore, side effects associated with the two drugs, such as tachycardia, tremor, or CNS stimulation, were significantly increased when the two drugs were given simultaneously. Thus, little therapeutic benefit was gained from simultaneous therapy. Both bronchodilation and toxicity were equivalent to that seen with larger therapeutic doses of either drug given alone, and protection from the effects of a frequently encountered stress was not significantly enhanced. PMID- 7226904 TI - Use of lateral position test and perfusion lung scan in predicting mediastinal metastases. AB - The lateral position test (LPT) accurately measures differential ventilation of the lungs when the mediastinum is mobile. The quantitative perfusion lung scan (PLS) also correlates well with differential ventilation but is not dependent on mediastinal movement. If tumor metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) inhibits mediastinal movement, then the PLS may give discordant values for differential ventilation from that of the LPT. Before mediastinoscopy or thoracotomy or both, 14 cases of lung cancer were prospectively evaluated by comparing the relative ventilation of the involved lung as determined by LPT and PLS. Seven patients who had no evidence of MLN involvement had nearly equal ventilation by the two techniques (r = .94), and the absolute difference was always less than 12 percent (mean, 4.4 percent). Seven patients with MLN involvement had unequal ventilation as determined by LPT and PLS (r = 0.07), and between the two techniques there was a difference of at least 13 percent (mean, 27.3 percent). We conclude that the LPT used in combination with the PLS is an accurate, economical, and noninvasive technique for suggesting MLN metastasis and, thus, tentatively staging carcinoma of the lung. Those patients with discordant values should probably undergo mediastinoscopy before thoracotomy. PMID- 7226905 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias during Swan-Ganz catheterization of the critically ill. AB - The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in critically-ill patients during bedside right-sided heart catheterization with a flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter was determined. Twenty-nine of 60 catheterizations (48 percent) were associated with premature ventricular contractions and 20 (33 percent) were associated with ventricular tachycardia. Two patients required antiarrhythmic therapy or a precordial thump to convert ventricular tachycardia. One patient developed ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation and died. Serious catheter induced arrhythmias, including sustained ventricular tachycardia, may occur during Swan-Ganz catheterization of the critically ill. PMID- 7226906 TI - Salbutamol inhalation in chronic asthma bronchiale: dose aerosol vs jet nebulizer. AB - The effect of inhalation of 5 mg of salbutamol by a jet nebulizer and 0.3 mg from a metered aerosol was compared in 20 patients with chronic asthma. Half the patients, randomly selected, received one treatment method on day one and the other on day two. A battery of lung function tests suitable for detecting large and small airways obstruction showed only insignificantly more pronounced bronchodilatation after the use of the jet nebulizer. Neither was a better dilation of small airways with this method obvious. It is concluded that the higher dose by jet-nebulizer is only clinically motivated when the patients cannot perform the deep inhalations and breathholding necessary for efficient use of the dose aerosol. PMID- 7226907 TI - Nodular endobronchial sarcoidosis: a study comparing blood and lung lymphocytes. AB - Patients with active sarcoidosis have a depression in systemic cell-mediated immunity manifested by lymphopenia, a reduction in circulating T cells, and impaired responses of these cells to polyclonal mitogens and recall antigens. Studies of bronchoalveolar cells (BA) have disclosed characteristic changes in lymphocyte populations that are opposite to what is found in peripheral blood. Since previous lavage studies have not specifically addressed endobronchial disease, we present results of peripheral blood (PB) and BA lymphocyte studies in a patient with acute pulmonary sarcoidosis who had gross endobronchial nodules. The lymphocytosis in the BA air space of this patient was greatly increased compared with patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis but no overt endobronchial disease. Cell surface markers, morphology, and in vitro proliferative response indicated that the BA lymphocytes were stimulated and more reactive than PB lymphocytes, suggesting a local immune inflammatory response. Bronchial biopsy specimens showed mononuclear cell infiltration of the epithelium overlying the inflammatory nodules. The biopsy examination and great increase in lymphocytes recovered from the airways suggest that the bronchi were a source of the BA lymphocytes. Since clinically inapparent bronchial involvement is frequent in sarcoidosis, inflamed bronchi may also be a source of BA lymphocytes in the absence of conspicuous endobronchial nodules. PMID- 7226908 TI - Bacteriology and treatment of gram-negative pneumonia in long-term hospitalized children. AB - Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia was diagnosed in 39 longterm hospitalized children, ranging in age from 4 months to 14 years (mean seven years). Fifteen had pneumonitis, 18 necrotizing pneumonia, and six lung abscess. An associated empyema was noted in six cases. Specimens for culture were obtained through percutaneous transtracheal aspiration. Five microorganisms were the predominant isolates: P aeruginosa (13 instances), K pneumoniae (11), E coli (7), S marcescens (6), and P mirabilis (2). There were 112 aerobic and 25 anaerobic isolates recovered from the 39 patients, accounting for 3.5 isolates per specimen. Other aerobic and or anaerobic organisms were mixed with the Gram negative bacilli in half the patients. All patients were treated with gentamicin for 10 to 26 days (average 19.5 days), and all were cured. In 12 patients in whom other organisms resistant to gentamicin were also present, other antimicrobial agents were concomitantly administered. PMID- 7226909 TI - The management of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms using heparinless femoral venoarterial bypass. AB - In an attempt to use the benefits of controlled circulatory bypass, while avoiding systemic heparinization and bypass circuitry placed in the operative field, we used heparinless femoral venoarterial bypass without an oxygenator for resection of aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta. Since 1974 we have applied this technique on 29 patients with excellent results (survival 27-29, 93 percent). Using PPG tubing, mixed venous blood was drained from the right atrium by way of a long catheter inserted via the femoral vein, and returned to the femoral artery by a roller pump. Advantages include distal aortic perfusion, a safety factor in avoiding spinal cord ischemia; preload control, helpful in managing proximal aortic hypertension; avoidance of heparinization; an operative field free of bypass circuitry; and the operation can be performed in an unhurried fashion. PMID- 7226911 TI - Unusual aortic calcification associated with volume loss and opacification of the left hemithorax. PMID- 7226910 TI - Dyphylline aerosol attenuates antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in experimental canine asthma. AB - This study compared the bronchodilator effect in experimental canine asthma of dyphylline administered by aerosol and intravenous routes in doses producing equivalent concentrations of the drug in the plasma. Pulmonary resistance (RL) was calculated from simultaneous measurements of pressure and flow during fixed volume controlled ventilation at the same peak flow and corrected for elastic recoil pressure. Dynamic compliance (Cdyn) was calculated by dividing tidal volume by the change in pressure measured between points of zero flow. Concentrations of dyphylline in the plasma were measured using high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques. Rates of infusion of dyphylline were determined from values for clearance observed in preliminary experiments with intravenous injection. Prior to exposure to antigen, RL and Cdyn were not significantly different in control and dyphylline-treated dogs. Following challenge, with antigen RL increased by 8.3 +/- 2.6 times (mean +/- SE) in untreated dogs but only by 2.4 +/- 0.4 times in dyphylline treated dogs. Levels of dyphylline in the plasma averaged 4.2 micrograms/ml +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml at the end of the ten-minute period of aerosol administration and remained at that level for 60 minutes. At equivalent plasma levels (4.3 micrograms/ml +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml), infusion of dyphylline did not significantly after the response to Ascaris antigen, whereas dyphylline administered by the aerosol route markedly attenuated the response. PMID- 7226912 TI - Echocardiographic findings at onset of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7226913 TI - Esophageal lung with cardiac abnormalities. AB - This report concerns the 11th case of esophageal lung and the first described with complex congenital heart disease. Although rare, it may be suspected clinically in the newborn period. Esophageal lung is differentiated from pulmonary sequestration by its arterial supply, extent of pulmonary involvement, and esophageal origin of the involved main stem bronchus. PMID- 7226915 TI - Progression of the milking effect of the coronary artery. AB - Myocardial bridging and systolic milking may be involved in myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. We describe a patient whose milking effect progressed significantly over a two-year period. We conclude that bridging and milking effect can progress over a relatively short period. In those patients with prior reports of insignificant bridging and milking on coronary arteriograms and continued angina-like chest pain, a repeated catheterization may be warranted. PMID- 7226916 TI - Disopyramide-induced heart block. AB - A 57-year-old woman with right bundle branch block +LPH and ventricular premature contractions developed complete heart block (CHB) following administration of disopyramide phosphate (Norpace). The ECG at the onset of CHB suggested block to have occurred in the trifascicular conduction system. On rechallenging the patient with the drug following the implantation of a permanent pacemaker, intermittent complete heart block developed. This case suggests that disopyramide should be used with caution in patients with bifascicular block patterns on ECG. PMID- 7226914 TI - Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery: angiographic and myocardial perfusion scintigraphic correlates. AB - We studied a patient with an anomalous left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery by using conventional angiographic and myocardial imaging techniques. Myocardial imaging with radioactive 201thallium confirmed the significance of resting Q waves, and the defect in anterior perfusion coupled with the presence of thallium in the pulmonary outflow tract during exercise underscored the dynamic nature of the ischemic response to exercise in this syndrome. PMID- 7226918 TI - Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema associated with hydrochlorothiazide therapy. AB - We describe a patient with the sudden onset of pulmonary edema on two separate occasions immediately after the ingestion of hydrochlorothiazide. Although this adverse reaction to hydrochlorothiazide has been reported previously in six patients, the cause of the pulmonary sensitivity remains obscure. A noncardiogenic etiology has been suggested, but prior cases have failed to document cardiopulmonary hemodynamic measurements. A Swan-Ganz balloon flotation catheter demonstrated cardiopulmonary pressures in our patient consistent with a noncardiac origin of the pulmonary edema. PMID- 7226917 TI - Reversible autonomic neuropathy and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - We report a case of adenocarcinoma of the lung with pandysautonomia and pulmonary osteoarthropathy. Surgical resection of the tumor followed by radiation therapy for the residual tumor resulted in complete resolution of arthropathy and almost complete recovery from autonomic dysfunction. The symptoms of arthropathy and autonomic neuropathy recurred simultaneously several months later with increase in the tumor mass as confirmed at second surgical exploration. The second thoracotomy revealed an inoperable tumor. Following the second thoracotomy, while the arthropathy was relieved, the autonomic neuropathy persisted. We concluded that autonomic neuropathy is related to the tumor mass, and pulmonary osteoarthropathy and autonomic neuropathy are probably caused by different mechanisms, as yet undefined. PMID- 7226919 TI - Munchausen syndrome with pulmonary manifestations. AB - Three patients with Munchausen's syndrome were seen with symptoms suggesting serious pulmonary disease. One patient, a student respiratory therapist, simulated respiratory failure which resulted in a tracheostomy and prolonged ventilator support. The second, a licensed practical nurse, feigned a lupus erythematosis syndrome, with alarming, simulated hemoptysis produced by slashing the posterior tongue with a razor blade. The third patient, a nurse, underwent exhaustive testing at three hospitals for profuse "hemoptysis" until she admitted she obtained the blood from her arm by venesection. PMID- 7226920 TI - Congenital bronchopleurocutaneous fistula. PMID- 7226921 TI - Risk of cardiac complications in surgical patients with bifascicular block. PMID- 7226923 TI - Respiratory monitoring of adult respiratory distress syndrome: refutation of the concept of carbon dioxide ductance. PMID- 7226922 TI - Effects of inhaled atropine in chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7226924 TI - Apical two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging of implanted endocardial pacing electrodes. PMID- 7226925 TI - Reliability of the lateral position test. PMID- 7226926 TI - Radionuclide right ventricular ejection fraction: applications in valvular hear disease. PMID- 7226927 TI - The pulmonary function test: cautious overinterpretation. PMID- 7226929 TI - The response to atropine sulfate given by aerosol and intramuscular routes to patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy. AB - Two groups of 11 patients each were studied in their responses to intramuscular (IM) or aerosolized atropine sulfate, given in preparation for fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The patients in group 1 received 1.0 mg of atropine IM, and those in group 2 were given a prepared solution of atropine in saline (5 mg/ml) at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg by nebulization (IPPB). Statistical analysis of the FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75%, and FEFmax showed excellent protective bronchodilatory effects of both IM and aerosolized atropine. In fact, the beneficial result was more prolonged when the drug was administered by inhalation. One possible factor to consider, however, is that atropine given by the aerosol route did not inhibit the vasovagal response in three of the 11 patients. Another factor to take into account is that atropine by IM injection is quicker to administer, more convenient, and requires less instrumentation than atropine given by aerosol. PMID- 7226928 TI - Left ventricular size and function after subcutaneous administration of terbutaline. AB - To assess the response of the left ventricle to subcutaneously administered terbutaline sulfate, a proposed beta-2 selective agonist, we evaluated 12 patients who had suffered previous myocardial infarctions using equilibrium radionuclide angiography. Six patients (group 1) had normal global left ventricular ejection fraction at rest less than 0.49). All patients had a marked decline in end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume with a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in ejection fraction after terbutaline injection. Cardiac output increased 30 percent in group 2 patients because of an increase in stroke volume, with little change in heart rate (plus or minus 3.1 beats per minute, P equals NS). Cardiac output increased 7 percent in the patients in groups 1, due primarily to an increase in heart rate in 7 beats per minute (+9 percent) with little change in stoke volume. Systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly more in the patients with compensated heart failure than the subjects in group 1 (342 plus or minus 84 vs 90 plus or minus 35 dynes-sec cm(-5), P less than 0.05). We conclude that terbutaline exerts its most beneficial effect on the left ventricle in patients with depressed resting global function, and may prove to be a useful agent in the treatment of congestive heart failure. PMID- 7226930 TI - Modification of the effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy on pulmonary mechanics. AB - Thirty-three patients who were to undergo diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy were studied. Pulmonary function tests were performed before the procedure, after topical lidocaine anesthesia, and immediately and four hours after bronchoscopy. Nine patients received aerosolized isoproterenol (Isuprel) before the topical anesthesia, and nine received aerosolized atropine. Pulmonary function tests were also performed after this intervention. In those patients receiving no premedication, all the indices of expiratory flow were reduced significantly immediately after bronchoscopy, and after the topical anesthesia, the FEV1 and FVC were significantly reduced. In the atropine groups, the FVC and FEV1 increased significantly after atropine, and increased still further following topical lidocaine anesthesia. By four hours after bronchoscopy, however, the midmaximal expiratory flow ws significantly reduced. In the isoproterenol group, only the FEV1 was significantly improved by the drug, and this improvement persisted even after the lidocaine. It decreased transiently immediately after bronchoscopy, but by four hours, was significantly above baseline again. The FVC diminished significantly immediately after bronchoscopy. It is concluded that fiberoptic bronchoscopy deleteriously affects pulmonary function and that inhaled isoproterenol or atropine largely protects against these deleterious effects. PMID- 7226931 TI - Right Ventricular function in aortic and mitral valve disease. AB - Radionuclide ventriculography of the right heart was performed in 56 patients within two weeks of cardiac catheterization using a gated first-pass technique. Thirteen patient served as normal controls, and 43 patients had severe aortic or mitral valve disease or both, 35 of whom subsequently underwent valve surgery. Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and the presence of central venous reflux was determined and related to catheterization findings. In normal patients, RVEF was 60 plus or minus 7 percent (mean plus or minus 1 SD). In patients with valvular disease, the RVEF was below the normal range in only 2/14 (14 per cent) when right ventricular peak systolic pressures were less than 50 mm Hg, compared with 16/29 (55 percent) with an RVEF below normal when right ventricular peak systolic pressures greater than 50 mm Hg (P less than .05). In contrast, there was no relation of right ventricular ejection fraction to ventricular filling pressure in valvular heart disease patients. There was no difference in early postoperative course in patients with normal or reduced ejection fraction. Central venous systolic reflux was not presented in normal patients, but was present in 3/12 (25 percent) and 22/25 (88 percent); P less than 0.1) of patients with right ventricular systolic pressures below and above 55 mm Hg, respectively, including all ten patients with documented tricuspid regurgitation. Radionuclide assessment of right ventricular function in patients with aortic or mitral valve disease or both provides information that cannot be inferred from right-sided pressure measurements. PMID- 7226932 TI - Cardiovascular collapse associated with disopyramide therapy. AB - Five patients with severe left ventricular failure, renal insufficiency, and recurrent ventricular tachycardia had cardiovascular collapse and died eight hours to 23 days after initiation of the usual doses of disopyramide. Three patients had recent myocardial infarction (12 to 33 days), and one had severe congestive cardiomyopathy. ECG changes antedated appearance of cardiovascular collapse and consisted of lengthening of the QRS (0.10 plus or minus 0.02 to 0.22 plus or minus 0.09; P less than 0.025) and the QTc duration (0.44 plus or minus 0.04 to 0.56 plus or minus 0.09; P less than 0.05). Sinus bradycardia or varying degrees of atrioventricular block or both occurred in all patients. Terminal disopyramide blood concentration (4.9 and 8.1 micrograms/ml) were available in two patients. A syndrome of progressive lengthening of ventricular depolarization and repolarization terminating in cardiovascular collapse and death associated with disopyramide is described. In addition, a high incidence of sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular conduction disturbances, or both was also noted. Disopyramide is contraindicated in patients with severe heart failure and renal insufficiency. Progressive widening of the QRS complex or the QT interval may presage appearance of severe myocardial dysfunction. PMID- 7226933 TI - Hemodynamic effects of rapid bolus hypertonic sodium bicarbonate. AB - We found that rapid bolus administration of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate in the recommended clinical dose produced significant, though transient, increases in intracranial pressure and decreases in blood pressure in dogs. These effects, which are related to the high osmolarity of the drug (2,000 mOsm/L), are not found when it is administered slowly. PMID- 7226934 TI - The role of Holter monitoring in detecting digitalis-provoked arrhythmias. AB - Certain arrhythmias detected on the electrocardiogram are considered to be reliable indicators of digitalis intoxication. We have evaluated the incidence of these arrhythmias on 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring (Holter monitoring) in 69 consecutive patients who had serum levels of digoxin determined within 24 hours of the onset of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. According to teh serum level of digoxin, the patients were divided into the following three groups: (1) group 1 had 0 to 1.0 ng/ml (31 patients); (2) group 2 had 1.1 to 2.0 ng/ml (27 patients); and group 3 had greater than or equal to 2.1 ng/ml (11 patients). The following arrhythmias were considered to reflect digitalis provoked arrhythmias: (1) persistent sinus bradycardia or sinus pauses (or both); (2) atrioventricular block; (3) paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with block; (4) accelerated junction rhythm; (5) complex ventricular arrhythmias (multifocal ventricular premature beats, bigeminy and trigeminy, and pairs); and (6) ventricular tachycardia. There was no significant difference in the incidence of these six categories of arrhythmias among the three groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in the mean serum level of digoxin for patients with and without the arrhythmias within each category. Ten of the 69 patients had combinations of three of the so-called digitalis-provoked arrhythmias, with incidences among the three groups showing no significant differences. In conclusion, rhythms considered to be potentially due to digitalis intoxication are frequently observed in hospitalized patients undergoing 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring, are frequently unrelated to the serum level of digoxin, and appear unlikely to reflect true digitalis intoxication in many of these patients. PMID- 7226935 TI - Efficacy of sublingual nifedipine in the acute treatment of systemic hypertension. AB - The effects of sublingual nifedipine, a calcium antagonist vasodilator, were assessed in 43 patients with moderate to severe hypertension in an emergency room setting. Following a no-response placebo treatment period, the patients with supine diastolic blood pressure of less than 110 mm Hg (group A, n equals 17) received 10 mg of sublingual nifedipine, and the patients with supine diastolic blood pressure of much greater than or equal to 110 mm Hg (group B, n equals 26) received a 20-mg sublingual dose. In group A, systolic blood pressure decreased from 172.4 plus or minus 18.6 mm Hg to 140.0 plus or minus 14.6 mm Hg; diastolic pressure from 108.8 plus or minus 3.3 mm Hg to 87.6 plus or minus 9.9 mm Hg (P less than 0.001)., In group B, systolic blood pressure decreased from 203.8 plus or minus 22.1 mm Hg to 160.0 plus or minus 23.6 mm Hg; diastolic pressure from 127.7 plus or minus 11.3 mm Hg to 96.7 plus or minus 14.1 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). Heart rate increased significantly only in the 20-mg dose group, from 76 plus or minus 2 to 89 plus or minus 6 beats/min (P less than 0.005). Th effects of sublingual nifedipine were seen in one to five minutes, and the maximal effect in 20 to 30 minutes, with return to placebo baseline in four to five hours. Adverse reactions were minimal in both treatment groups. Nifedipine is an effective and safe hypotensive drug in the rapid management of moderate to severe hypertension and seems to be an effective nonparenteral agent for treatment of hypertensive emergencies. PMID- 7226936 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of a ruptured right sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. PMID- 7226937 TI - Fever, weight loss, and hilar adenopathy in a microbiologist. PMID- 7226938 TI - Carcinoma of the lung causing pulmonary arterial stenosis. AB - A patient is described in whom carcinoma of the lung caused compression and obstruction of the left and right main pulmonary arteries and auscultatory features of peripheral pulmonary arterial stenosis. PMID- 7226939 TI - Constrictive pericardial disease following mitral valve replacement. AB - Constrictive pericardial disease developing after open heart surgery is not a well-recognized complication of this procedure. It has been reported only a few times and usually not with good hemodynamic data before and after the subsequent pericardiectomy. We presently report a patient who developed constrictive pericardial disease five years after mitral valve replacement. This was documented with left- and right-sided heart catheterization. The patient underwent pericardiectomy with remarkable clinical improvement. Repeat right- and left-sided heart catheterization done three months postoperatively documented the resolution of the constrictive hemodynamic pattern present before pericardiectomy. PMID- 7226940 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of papillary muscle rupture. AB - A 69-year-old man developed a rupture of the papillary muscle on the fifth day of acute posterior myocardial infarction. The two-dimensional echocardiographic features of ruptured papillary muscle included (1) mobile mass of echos attached to normal chordae tendineae in the left ventricle, (2) absent tip of papillary muscle, and (3) mitral valve prolapse. Noninvasive, two-dimensional echocardiography can reveal correct diagnosis of ruptured papillary muscle suspected clinically. PMID- 7226941 TI - Hughes-Stovin syndrome with pulmonary angiitis and focal glomerulonephritis: a case report with necropsy study. AB - A clinicopathologic case of Hughes-Stovin syndrome with pulmonary eosinophilic angiitis and focal proliferative extracapillary glomerulonephritis is reported. PMID- 7226942 TI - Anomalous unilateral single pulmonary vein mimicking pulmonary varices. AB - Anomalous single pulmonary veins (AUSPV) is a rare anomaly of the pulmonary venous system. Six cases have been documented in the literature, and two additional are reported here. Since AUSPV mimics pulmonary varices on pulmonary angiography, careful interpretation of the pulmonary venous anatomy by bidirectional and stereoscopic angiography is mandatory for diagnosing this anomaly. PMID- 7226943 TI - Platypnea syndrome after left pneumonectomy. AB - Contrast two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) was used to demonstrate right-to left shunting at the atrial level in a 49-year-old man with platypnea and orthostatic cyanosis which developed after a left pneumonectomy. This patient's systemic arterial saturation decreased with phlebotomy and increased with volume administration. This syndrome disappeared after repair of a previously unrecognized atrial septal defect. Right-to-left shunting in atrial septal defect is usually explained by a change in the relationship of right and left ventricular compliance with the right ventricle becoming less compliant (ie, stiffer) than the left. Pneumonectomy can affect atrial emptying either directly by mechanical means or indirectly by changing relationships in ventricular compliance. Contrast 2DE played key role in initially establishing the etiology of cyanosis in this complicated case. PMID- 7226944 TI - Bronchoscopic biopsy and brushing with fluoroscopic guidance in nodular metastatic lung cancer. AB - Forty-five patients with endoscopically invisible metastatic cancer of the lung underwent flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination under fluoroscopic guidance, with biopsy specimens and brushing being obtained. In all patients, the lesions were single or multiple nodules. A diagnostic specimen was obtained by biopsy or brushing (or both) in 53 percent, by biopsy alone in 47 percent, and by brushing alone in 6 percent. Brushings were diagnostic in three patients when the biopsy specimen was normal. Washings did not add to the overall diagnostic value of the procedure. In 36 patients, the lesions were 2 cm or greater, yielding diagnostic specimens in 23 patients (64 percent). PMID- 7226946 TI - Postthoracotomy suction. PMID- 7226945 TI - Tumor doubling time. PMID- 7226947 TI - Fibrosing alveolitis and chronic airflow limitation. PMID- 7226948 TI - Toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7226949 TI - "Tobaccomania" or, what's in a name? PMID- 7226950 TI - Histoplasma capsulatum endocarditis. PMID- 7226951 TI - Oxygen desaturation during sleep as a determinant of the "Blue and Bloated" syndrome. AB - Certain patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be classified as blue bloaters or pink puffers. Recent studies suggest that physiologic changes during sleep contribute to the clinical expression of these syndromes. To investigate this, we monitored four blue bloaters and six pink puffers during one night's sleep to determine the incidence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and of arterial oxygen desaturation. There were no significant differences between the two groups for sleep period time, awake oxygen saturation, or the number of episodes of SDB. Blue bloaters had lower baseline oxygen saturations, more episodes of arterial oxygen desaturation, and larger falls in oxygen saturation and spent more time at low levels of oxygen saturation while asleep. We propose that the degree and the duration of sleep hypoxemia of blue bloaters but not of pink puffers may contribute to early pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. PMID- 7226952 TI - Prevalence of regional left ventricular dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Left ventricular (LV) wall motion was evaluated prospectively by M-mode echocardiography for 503 patients, and results were compared with cinearteriographic and ECG findings. M-mode results from 92 of the patients were also compared with two-dimensional echocardiographic (2D) and LV angiographic findings. Abnormal echo motion was found by M-mode in 89 percent of patients with ECG Q waves of infarction and in 61 percent of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients without Q waves. Thirty-four percent of CAD patients had normal wall motion on M-mode examination. More abnormalities were detected when patients were examined using both M-mode and 2D, because M-mode was more sensitive in detecting anterior lesions and 2D was more sensitive in detecting posterior lesions. Both M mode and 2D showed a low incidence of false-positive diagnosis (less than 2 percent) for patients with normal findings at cardiac catheterization. PMID- 7226954 TI - Reliability of two-dimensional echocardiography in assessing the severity of valvular aortic stenosis. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiographic studies have shown that maximum long-axis systolic aortic cusp separation (MACS) represents a useful, noninvasive method for estimating severity of valvular aortic stenosis in adults. Although mean values for patients with mild, moderate, and severe aortic stenosis have been clearly separated by this method, overlap occurs among individual patients. In this study, 81 adults with aortic stenosis were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography in the long-axis view. Long-axis assessment of aortic stenosis was obtainable in 93 percent of the patients. Less than 8-mm separation was 97 percent predictive of severe stenosis and 100 percent predictive of moderate or severe stenosis. Eight- to 12-mm had a low predictive value for the severity of stenosis. Greater than 12-mm separation was 96 percent predictive of mild aortic stenosis. Short-axis scans were attempted in 61 of the 81 subjects. Short axis assessment of aortic stenosis based on patterns of leaflet motion was obtainable in 46 of the 61 patients (73 percent) and provided a valuable index of severity. When short-axis scans were included in the assessment of severity in the subgroup of patients with 8- to 12-mm MACS, the predictive value improved greatly (86 percent vs 46 percent). Direct recording of aortic valve area in short-axis was successful in only 13 percent of the subjects. The echo aortic valve area compared with the hemodynamic calculated aortic valve area yielded an r = 0.87. PMID- 7226953 TI - Atropine and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. AB - Six asthmatic children were studied to determine whether supplemental, parenteral atropine would increase the effects of bronchodilation and protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction after maximal effects had been achieved by inhalation. First, we determined the amount of inhaled atropine sulfate that would give maximal bronchodilation for each patient at rest. This quantity of atropine was designated as "A." Then all subjects exercised for five sessions with the following pre-exercise treatments in a random order: (a) inhaled distilled water plus intramuscular (IM) saline solution; (b) inhaled A dose of atropine plus IM saline solution; (c) inhaled distilled water plus 0.35 mg IM atropine; (d) inhaled A dose of atropine plus 0.35 mg IM atropine; and (e) inhaled double the A dose plus IM saline solution. The results showed that the combination of inhaled and IM atropine had the greatest bronchodilation effect and the greatest protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Atropine inhalation alone (A dose) or IM injection (0.35 mg) was not as effective in bronchodilation or in alleviation of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Doubling the dose of inhalation (2A) did not increase the effects of the A dose. These results support the hypothesis that inhaled atropine does not reach all the airways where cholinergic receptors are present. PMID- 7226955 TI - Echocardiographic changes in the thickness of porcine valves with time. AB - To assess the ability of M-mode echocardiography to detect the incidence and frequency of porcine xenograft valve thickening, echocardiograms were obtained in 147 mitral and aortic porcine xenograft valves implanted in 131 patients. The patients were divided into an early group in whom the echocardiograms were performed within two months of valve replacement, and intermediate group studied two to 48 months after surgery, and a late group 48 months or longer after surgery. The porcine cusp echoes were visualized with proper gain settings, enlarged, and then recorded on a strip chart. The mean thickness of both the mitral and the aortic cusps was measured with the valve in the coapted position. The mean thickness of the porcine mitral valve increased from 1.23 +/- 0.12 in the early group to 2.3 mm +/- 0.19 in the late group (P less than .02). Aortic valve thickness increased from 0.91 mm +/- 0.07 in the early group to 2.1 mm +/- 0.37 (P less than .05) in the late group. A significant change in valve thickness was not observed in the intermediate group. In the late group of valves, 21/82 (27 percent) had a thickness greater than 3 mm. Nine of these valves (43 percent) have required replacement because of clinical dysfunction. Only 1.6 percent (1/61) of the valves in the late group with a thickness of less than 3 mm had or developed severe porcine valve insufficiency (P less than 0.001). In all ten instances, the echocardiographic assessment of valve thickness was validated on gross examination of the valve removed at surgery. This study indicates that the thickness of both mitral and aortic porcine valves can be measured by M-mode echocardiography. Valve thickness increases after 48 months and those valves with thickening of 3 mm or more are at a higher risk of developing clinical evidence of valve dysfunction. PMID- 7226956 TI - Thoracic complications of amebic abscess of the liver: report of 501 cases. AB - During an 18-year period, 501 cases of thoracic complications of amebic abscess of the liver were studied; 175 had inflammatory reactions of thoracic structures (165 with pleural effusions and pneumonitis, ten with pericarditis) and 326 ruptured through the diaphragm (175 into the airways, 106 into the pleural cavity, 5 into the pericardium, 39 into the airways and pleura, and 1 into the pleura and pericardium). The thoracic complication was preceded by a picture suggesting an acute inflammatory process or a chronic wasting disease. Depending on type, the complication itself was signaled by increase or change in character of right upper abdominal or lower thoracic pain, dyspnea, or overt respiratory insufficiency, hemoptysis, and expectoration of necrotic material, sepsis, tamponade, and shock. Chest roentgenograms showed small to massive pleural effusions, basal pneumonitis, and cardiomegaly; serology, liver scans, and induced pneumoperitoneum were diagnostic. Treatment included metronidazole and emetine, drainage of pleural or pericardial contents or promotion of bronchial drainage, and meticulous care of associated respiratory, circulatory, and systemic derangements. Mortality for cases with rupture was 11.4 percent, due mainly to sepsis, shock, respiratory insufficiency, and tamponade. The rest of the patients were discharged in cured or improved condition. PMID- 7226957 TI - Fungal pneumonias: pulmonary coccidioidal syndromes (Part 2). Miliary, nodular, and cavitary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis; chemotherapeutic and surgical considerations. PMID- 7226958 TI - Temporary left ventricular assistance in acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock: rationale and criteria for utilization. AB - Left ventricular bypass may offer significantly better salvage of left ventricular myocardium in patients who remain hemodynamically unstable in spite of aggressive medical therapy and intra-aortic balloon support. Indeed, those 25 percent of patients refractory to intra-aortic balloon pumping may be salvageable with the prompt institution of left ventricular pumping assistance; however, just as early initiation of intra-aortic balloon pumping is critical, the early identification of balloon pumping failures and the institution of left ventricular bypass pumping may lead to a lower incidence of patients dependent on circulatory assistance and a higher rate of primary weaning. The results of left ventricular pumping assistance may indeed be totally different than those achieved with the intra-aortic balloon pump under these same conditions, because of the marked left ventricular unloading and hence the greater reduction in myocardial consumption of oxygen. The self-perpetuating cycle of progressive irreversible cardiac damage and shock may be broken, resulting in salvage of critical myocardial mass. Thus, cases of pumping dependence may be uncommon. There is also reason to believe that the heart without anatomically correctable lesions might function satisfactorily, but with a low cardiac reserve. Successful clinical application of left ventricular pumping assistance and subsequent analysis of therapeutic results demand a carefully devised protocol. This must be based on knowledge of the natural history of the disease and the results of previous sound clinical and experimental studies. PMID- 7226959 TI - Cardiac involvement in trichinosis. AB - During a small outbreak of trichinosis, two of four symptomatic patients developed moderate to large pericardial effusions. In neither was there ventricular dilatation nor impairment of systolic function. These observations suggest that pericardial effusion is more common than previously appreciated and that it may have a role in the genesis of the symptoms and signs mimicking congestive heart failure which occasionally complicate the course of this illness. PMID- 7226960 TI - Left-to-right shunt via left superior vena cava communication with left atrium. AB - The findings in a 22-year-old man with Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and a persistent left superior vena cava are reported. This is the first reported case of this combination of anomalies in which the atrial septum was intact and the left superior vena cava communicated with the left atrium. Uniquely, blood was shunted left to right via the left superior vena cava from the left atrium. Only one previous case of left-to-right shunting via a left superior vena cava (in the absence of mitral valvular disease or cor triatriatum) has been reported (associated with aortic coarctation). Angiograms demonstrated the left atrial connection of the left superior vena cava to be at the entrance of the right superior pulmonary vein into the left atrium. In the absence of demonstrable left-sided heart disease, this anatomic juxtaposition is suggested as a possible explanation for the direction of shunting. PMID- 7226961 TI - Pulmonary function abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus responsive to glucocorticoid therapy. AB - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with moderately severe restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defects. Therapy with steroids was associated with gradual amelioration and eventual disappearance of the obstructive component. Gas exchange showed progressive improvement over four years of steroid therapy. PMID- 7226962 TI - Effective management of the long q-t syndrome with amiodarone. AB - A patient with the familial syndrome of Q-T prolongation, ventricular arrhythmias, and syncope was effectively treated with amiodarone. PMID- 7226963 TI - Asthma induced by dust from urea-formaldehyde foam insulating material. AB - A patient developed severe asthma following insulation of her house with urea formaldehyde foam. Bronchial challenge with the buoyant dust of the foam caused an asthmatic attack; inhalation of formaldehyde, 3 ppm, did not. PMID- 7226965 TI - Pleural fluid pH in the evaluation of pleural effusions. PMID- 7226966 TI - Adenovirus Type 21 in a civilian. PMID- 7226964 TI - Calcified left ventricular thrombus causing repeated retinal arterial emboli: clinical, echocardiographic, and pathologic features. AB - The clinical, echocardiographic, and pathologic features of a discrete calcified left ventricular thrombus are presented in a young adult man with a two-year history of transient visual field defects leading to eventual loss of vision in his left eye. M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiographic studies suggested a large mass extending across the left ventricle. These findings were confirmed at surgery when a calcified mass pathologically consistent with a calcified thrombus was removed. The pertinent literature on the echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular thrombi is reviewed. PMID- 7226968 TI - Silent pericardial effusion in late pregnancy. PMID- 7226967 TI - Computerized tomography in the assessment of a posterior mediastinal tumor. PMID- 7226969 TI - Bedside calibration check of pulmonary artery catheters. PMID- 7226970 TI - Pulmonary granulomatosis from intravenous use of oral medication. PMID- 7226971 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefroxadine in healthy volunteers and patients with impaired renal function. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefroxadine, a new orally active broad-spectrum cephalosporin, was studied in healthy volunteers and patients with impaired renal function after a single oral dose of 500 mg. The pharmacokinetic parameters of cefroxadine were obtained by analysing the serum level data of the drug based on a one-compartment open model. The mean serum half-life of cefroxadine was 0.97 h in healthy subjects, and was prolonged to 41.7 h in patients with a creatinine clearance of less than 5 ml/min. There was a significant linear correlation (p less than 0.001) between the elimination rate constant of the drug and the creatinine clearance. In healthy subjects, 71% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine collected over the first 6 h. PMID- 7226972 TI - Cefamandole bone diffusion in patients undergoing total hip replacement. AB - Cefamandole penetration was studied in 32 normal bone specimens. No antibiotic bone binding was found. Blood contamination of bone samples was measured by the haemoglobin method. Mean corrected levels attained (5.8 micrograms/g) exceed MIC values of sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Enterobacteriaceae. Similar diffusion was observed in cortical and trabecular bone. The results obtained invite further studies on preoperative prophylaxis and treatment of osteomyelitis. PMID- 7226973 TI - Combined inhibition of vaccinia virus multiplication by inhibitors of DNA synthesis. AB - Nine purine or pyrimidine analogues or other inhibitors of DNA synthesis were studied for their inhibition of vaccinia virus multiplication by a plaque inhibition test with a fluid overlay in Vero cell cultures, either as single substances or in combination. Experiments on combined inhibition were made with substance concentrations leading to 80-90% plaque inhibition; indifference, additive, or synergistic interaction were evaluated from normalized plaque counts. 12 substance pairs acted in a synergistic manner and 22 showed indifference. A comparison was made with the results of other DNA viruses (adenovirus, herpes simplex virus). PMID- 7226974 TI - Mechanisms of trimethoprim resistance in enterobacteria isolated in Finland. AB - Dihydrofolate reductases (DHFR) were studied in two groups of trimethoprim (TMP) resistant Enterobacteria, isolated in Turku, Finland. The first group consisted of six strains with a high level of TMP resistance (MIC greater than 1,000 mg/l) and all of them were found to harbour an additional TMP-insensitive DHFR thought to be responsible for the high degree of resistance. Three Proteus mirabilis strains in this group synthesized chromosomal reductases with reduced TMP sensitivity as well. A second group of six strains, exhibiting MIC values for TMP between 16 and 512 mg/l was seen to be resistant by the production of a chromosomally altered TMP-insensitive DHFR, produced either in normal or slightly elevated amounts. With one exception these strains were all fully susceptible to sulfadiazine and strong synergism with TMP was present. Resistance to nalidixic acid was also frequently observed in this group. In conclusion, three different basic mechanisms were found to be responsible for TMP resistance in Enterobacteria from Finland and these were seen to occur not only independently but also simultaneously in the same strain. PMID- 7226975 TI - Role of Staphylococcus aureus exfoliatin toxin in staphylococcal infections in mice. AB - Clindamycin at a concentration of 0.18 microgram/ml reduced growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro by 40% but inhibited exfoliatin toxin production by 90%. Mice infected with S. aureus and subsequently treated with clindamycin did not exfoliate but still died. PMID- 7226976 TI - Language patterns of opponents to a child protection program. AB - A community effort was made to help sexually abused girls and a "pro-incest lobby" was uncovered. This report focuses on the language used to deny or obscure the occurrence of father-daughter incest. As children's rights advocates, the authors attempted to provide a lexicon, a dictionary for the clinician, so that efforts to condone incest will not be overlooked but refuted. Both in the past and the present, instances of incest have been rationalized away by health care professionals, members of the legal profession and the community at large. The incidence of incest is higher than the increasing number of actual cases reported. The vocabulary that systematically drives certain resistances and defenses to the surface, in opposition to child protection in such cases, is analyzed by the authors. The "dynamics" involved in the realization of incest as a psychologically damaging situation for the child are complex. The social influences on the individual and the married couple, that serve to make incest a closely kept secret, are examined. The authors express hope that their linguistic analysis will help to alert all persons who work in the broad field of child abuse and child protection. PMID- 7226977 TI - Child psychiatry education in early child development: description of a training program. AB - Career training in child psychiatry, though provided from a developmental perspective, often lacks opportunity for directly observing normally developing infants. This paper describes a training program in which child psychiatry fellows, in collaboration with residents in pediatrics, follow a young couple and their first child from the third trimester of pregnancy through infancy and early childhood. Case illustrations and discussion of approximately 10 years' experience demonstrate how the program can enhance understanding of normal child development, development of the nuclear family, liaison between child psychiatrist and pediatrician and early detection of psychopathology in infants. PMID- 7226978 TI - Child temperament and adult behavior: an exploration of "goodness of fit". AB - This research investigated the relationship between children's temperamental characteristics and adult behavior. Children were selected for four sex-by temperament groups on the basis of parent report of temperament and were observed interacting with either a highly controlling or a very permissive adult. The results indicated that the degree of adult control or demands is an important component in understanding the "goodness of fit" between parent behavior and child characteristics and that a child's temperament and its relationship to adult behavior cannot be considered in isolation from other child characteristics, particularly the child's sex. Children's sex and temperament were found to interact in relationship with adult controlling behavior while no child behaviors varied as a function of sex or temperament alone. Adults were found to adjust their controlling behavior as a function of the child's sex and temperament. The results are discussed in light of the cross-sex effects of social reinforcement. PMID- 7226979 TI - School follow-up of adolescents treated in a psychiatric hospital. AB - Parents of 25 patients discharged from an adolescent psychiatric ward over a one year period were interviewed to determine their child's school adjustment. Satisfactory or excellent adjustment was reported in 84 percent of the cases. Findings were discussed in terms of the role of hospital school staff in assisting adolescents to make the transition to community school settings. PMID- 7226980 TI - Development of complex patterns of behavioral orientation to social and physical stimuli in kindergarten children. AB - The effects of school attendance on the behavior orientation patterns exhibited by children at kindergarten entrance were examined by contingency analysis of videotaped behaviors observed during the first and the seventh month of school attendance. Results indicated that the dependency relations between motor areas do not change from the first to the seventh month, and that behaviors oriented to physical stimuli are organized in two broad patterns which remain unchanged. Teacher-oriented behaviors form a pattern of inactive attention which becomes more pronounced during the seventh month, and seem to be negatively related with work behaviors. Behaviors directed to peers are the most subject to changes during the school year, and tend to overlap with work behaviors in mixed patterns. The patterns which emerge in the second observation period indicate more active social contacts with peers in the seventh school month. They suggest also a progressive differentiation between patterns of social interaction and attention patterns. PMID- 7226981 TI - Hospitalized adolescents and interns: enhancing the doctor-patient relationship. PMID- 7226982 TI - Subdural hygroma: results of treatment by ventriculo-abdominal shunt. AB - Subdural hygromas, which differ from acute and chronic subdural haematomas in clinical features and pathogenetic mechanism, can occur as isolated lesions or in association with ventricular dilatation and/or subarachnoid cysts which are mistaken for atrophy. On the basis of the postulate that these fluid accumulations might be related to a disturbance in CSF circulation, we treated them by ventriculoperitoneal CSF drainage. This was regarded as indicated only for children with symptoms of retardation and a distended ventricular system. Disappearance of the hygroma or the cortical cysts and ventricular dilatation was demonstrated in 9 of 14 children treated by ventriculo-abdominal shunt and in 4 of 7 less seriously affected untreated children. Clinical improvement came later than neuroradiological improvement, and was incomplete in a number of children. Although there are anamnestic factors with an unfavourable effect on development, the hygromas per se can cause cerebral dysfunction which is associated with their bifrontal localization. The principal symptoms are those of retardation in the development of verbal expression, leg motor function and manipulation. PMID- 7226983 TI - Intracranial pressure monitoring with the fiberoptic transducer in children. AB - Observations on 52 patients with continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring are reported. The authors used a fiberoptic epidural transducer with digital readout and paper-recording facilities in the intensive care unit of a children's hospital. They confirm the reports of others that [1] ICP monitoring is an extremely useful aid in the management of patients in coma and that [2] epidural pressure measurement is a safe and accurate method. No infection occurred in this series nor were there any other complications arising from the epidural method of ICP monitoring. Apart from three episodes of breakage of the transducer cable, they did not encounter technical difficulties with the system. PMID- 7226984 TI - Benign ependymal cyst of the pons. AB - Clinical presentation, radiological aspects, surgical treatment and histology of a case of an ependyma-lined cyst of the pons are depicted. Slight psychomotor retardation and long-standing neurological signs associated with a marked dolichocephalic skull and right aortic arch suggest a congenital anomaly. Differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the posterior fossa is discussed. PMID- 7226985 TI - Subdural hematomas in neonates. Surgical treatment. AB - 7 cases of acute subdural hematomas diagnosed and surgically treated during the first week of life are presented. 5 of them are alive and well at 6 and 7 months and 3, 4 and 6 years of follow-up. Free interval, raised intracranial pressure, lateralizing signs, fall of hematocrit and presence of blood in CSF were constant. Subdural puncture was negative in 6 cases, including a hemophilic patient (hemophilia B). Clinical diagnosis was ratified by means of neuroradiological procedures. The authors conclude that craniectomy is the treatment of choice and subdural tapping a useless procedure. PMID- 7226986 TI - Ultrasonographic evaluation of intraperitoneal CSF pseudocyst. Report of 3 cases. PMID- 7226987 TI - Simultaneous studies of serum and urinary proteins for evaluation and diagnosis of glomerular damages in proteinuric patients. AB - Simultaneous studies of serum and urinary proteins in 294 adult proteinuric patients are presented. Our data showed that these studies can provide valuable guides for clinical diagnosis. In the group of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia and hyper-alpha 2 globulinemia were most marked. Urinary protein electrophoresis (PEP) showed a well-selective pattern with albumin and beta globulin as the main constituents. In the other groups of proteinuric patients the hypoalbuminemia and hyper-alpha 2 globulinemia were milder and urinary PEP generally showed non-selective pattern. In the groups of acute glomerulonephritis and lupus nephropathy, C3 was generally decreased; polyclonal gammopathy was frequently encountered and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein was markedly increased. In the cases of chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy and the levels of gamma globulin, C3 and alpha 2 acid glycoprotein were usually within normal limits. Urinary protein selectivity index in this series of adult patients was not a useful diagnostic parameter. PMID- 7226988 TI - Identification of mosquito blood meals by cellulose acetate and starch gel electrophoresis. AB - Cellulose acetate (CAE) and starch gel electrophoresis (SGE) were examined for their ability to identify species hemoglobins in mosquito blood meals. Blood meals analyzed serologically by the precipitin (PT) and passive hemagglutination inhibition (PHI) techniques served as standards for comparison. CAE, could not differentiate blood meals from divergent vertebrate hosts (man, rabbits, and mice) solely on the basis of the migratory properties of their respective hemoglobins. However, all could be differentiated when the migratory properties of both their hemoglobins and serum albumins were considered. CAE, like PT, was consistently able to identify blood meals for 18--24 hr post-ingestion. In contrast, PHI was able to identify blood meals for up to 48 hr post-feeding. SGE lacked the sensitivity of CAE, PHI and PT. SGE could only differentiate blood meals for 5--7 hr after ingestion. These results indicate that CAE has potential as a rapid technique for determining the origin of blood meals ingested by arthropod disease vectors. PMID- 7226989 TI - Evaluation of coliphages in sewage effluent of Faisalabad. AB - One hundred and ten samples of Sewage were collected from both underground sewage and open drain systems of Faisalabad for coliphage assay. It was observed that the samples from underground sewage system ranged from 8.43 X 10(3)--4.65 X 10(3) in mean plaque forming units (PFU) per ml, whereas the corresponding figures in open drain system varied from 8.66 X 10(3)--3.21 X 10(3) mean PFU per ml. In general, samples from congested areas of both the systems studied tended to be richest both in mean PFU per ml as well as plaque morphological variations. Overall 620 plaque morphological classes were isolated. It was also noted that the mean PFU per ml was higher in the summer than in the winter months and phage contents were increased after rain fall. PMID- 7226990 TI - [Surgical indications: medical and legal aspects]. PMID- 7226991 TI - [Emergencies in neonatal and infant surgery]. PMID- 7226992 TI - [Ileus caused by abnormalities]. PMID- 7226993 TI - [Anal and rectal atresia: operative procedures and results]. PMID- 7226994 TI - [Surgical risk in plasmacytoma]. AB - An increase in postoperative complications (37%) and lethality (24%) has been found in 15 of our patients and 102 mentioned in the literature, all suffering from plasmocytoma. Pathological paraproteins are responsible for disturbances in coagulation, immune system, and renal function. Possibilities of reducing the operative risk are discussed. PMID- 7226995 TI - [Pancreatic duct occlusion following duodeno-pancreatectomy in cancer surgery]. AB - In 19 patients with a carcinoma of the pancreas an intraoperative occlusion of the pancreatic duct was performed with a partial duodenopancreatectomy by instillation of Ethibloc. In 13 cases a carcinoma of the papilla and in 6 cases a carcinoma of the head of pancreas were found. In two cases the duct was primarily closed by suture, which was followed by a pancreatic fistula that disappeared after 2 weeks. Therefore, a pancreaticojejunal anastomosis was performed in the other patients. One patient died owing to a total necrosis of the remaining pancreas, but no other local complications were seen at the time of pancreatic anastomosis. Lethality was approximately 5% and was therefore significantly lower than in other reports. PMID- 7226996 TI - [Important cause for reoperations of the common bile duct: papillary stenosis]. AB - The authors have surveyed 94 cases of stenosis of Vater's papilla diagnosed in 270 late reoperations. In their opinion in more than one third of the cases stenosis of Vater's papilla persisted even at the time of the first surgical interference, only it was not diagnosed and adequately solved. They are convinced that by the routine use of radiomanometry, in addition to intraoperative close circuit TV monitoring, by the correct interpretation of the data and adequate surgery, the number of late reoperations after surgery of the biliary tract can be considerably decreased. The procedure has been in use at the author's clinic since 1961. PMID- 7226997 TI - [Heart pacemaker stimulation within a coronary vein in persistent left superior vena cava]. AB - Persistent left superior vena cava is a rare malformation that causes no functional disturbance. In one case of this anomaly associated with dextropositio ventriculi cardiac pacing was necessary using the approach from the left vena cephalica because of a variety of preceding problems and severe complications. The electrode could be stably positioned in the coronary vein, vena cordis media. The evidence of pacemaker malfunction conditioned by increase of threshold, of the occurrence of electrode perforation or electrode-induced coronary vein thrombosis has not been observed. The electrocardiogram during stimulation shows the feature of right bundle-branch block. The described method was used to avoid a repetitive intervention. PMID- 7226998 TI - [Potency disorders following aorto-bifemoral bypass prosthesis]. AB - The sexual potency of 170 patients treated for obstructions of the pelvic arteries by implantation of an aortobifemoral dacron graft was investigated 2--4 years after the operation. About half of these patients reported preoperative sexual disorder. Postoperatively, 60% of those capable of cohabitation prior to the operation developed either new or further sexual dysfunction. A lasting normalization of potency was reported by 12 patients, a transitory improvement by 4 others. Avoiding damage to the preaortal sympathetic plexus led to a decrease in the rate of isolated disorder in ejaculation from 15% to 1%, but not, however, to a lower frequency of potency disturbance in general. The evaluation of 142 informative preoperative angiograms showed a clear dependence of preoperative potency on the orthograde perfusion of the internal iliac artery. Similarly, the postoperative changes in potency correlated with the angiographically expected improvement or worsening of the interna-poerfusion by retrograde blood flow. It therefore seems possible to decrease the occurrence of postoperative potency disorders by the additional revascularization of the internal iliac artery in certain patients. PMID- 7226999 TI - [Roller skaters--more frequently encountered in ambulances. 1st analysis of injuries caused by this fashionable sport]. PMID- 7227000 TI - [Late conditions following mild anterior tibial syndrome]. AB - Two cases are reported of late condition after mild anterior tibial compartment syndrome often seen by orthopaedists, particularly after fracture of the lower leg. Pathophysiology, causes, clinical representation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, as well as the therapy of this still relatively unknown syndrome are discussed. Simple equipment for measuring the pressure in the compartment is introduced. The importance of early diagnosis is emphasised. PMID- 7227001 TI - [Diagnosis of echinococcus cyst using cytological methods. Possibility of rapid intra-operative diagnosis]. PMID- 7227002 TI - [Permanent cure of gallbladder cancer]. PMID- 7227003 TI - [Stomach cancer]. PMID- 7227004 TI - [Breast cancer - surgical and interdisciplinary aspects]. PMID- 7227005 TI - [The value of diagnostic peritoneal lavage in perforating abdominal injuries]. AB - From July to October 1980 40 patients with deep torso injuries caused by shrapnel or high velocity missiles were treated in the ICRC-Field Hospital at Kao-I-Dang near the Cambodian border in Thailand. In 17 cases indication for laparotomy was evident, whereas in 23 patients paracentesis and lavage of the abdomen were performed. In 12 cases with positive results, immediate laparotomy revealed significant intra-abdominal injuries. Of ten patients with negative or weakly positive results nine were treated conservatively and their recovery was uneventful. Only one patient was operated and a retro-peritoneal hematoma not requiring surgery was found. It is concluded that peritoneal lavage is a useful diagnostic procedure in evaluating penetrating abdominal injuries. PMID- 7227007 TI - [The treatment of recurrent ulcer after stomach resection with thoracic vagotomy]. AB - Transthoracic vagotomy was performed in 47 patients with anastomotic ulceration. Ulcer healing was achieved in all cases, and no recurrence was observed during an observation up to 10 years. Neither mortality nor major morbidity occurred. Considering the risk of alternative transabdominal procedures thoracic vagotomy as a rule seems to be the most appropriate therapy of anastomotic ulceration at present. PMID- 7227006 TI - [Congenital lobar emphysema]. AB - Congenital lobar emphysema is mainly seen in new-born and young babies. In the first hours or days, symptoms appear such as dyspnea, cyanosis, tachypnea, wheezing, thoracic and epigastric retractions. Later symptoms are faintness, psychomotoric retardation and malformation of the thorax. Etiology and pathogenesis of this emphysema of individual parts of the lung are unclear. The course is paroxysmatic, persistent or chronic. Preferred therapy of choice is the resection of the parts concerned. After operation the prognosis is good. PMID- 7227008 TI - [Peptic ulcer surgery in the aged]. AB - Particular problems are discussed in 257 patients over 75 years of age, who were treated for peptic ulcer disease between 1960 and 1979. In elderly patients the peptic ulcer is complicated, often requiring emergency surgery. A special problem in the aged is simultaneous appearance of various sicknesses, which produces further complications. The chosen method of surgery is described and the post operative period and its general and surgical problems are discussed. The result is a concept of indication for surgery, particularly for the elective operation of chronic ulcers not responding to therapy, before the ulcer becomes complicated. PMID- 7227009 TI - [Mesenteric vascular occlusion]. AB - This report concerns 70 cases of occlusion of the mesenteric vessels, 32 arterial and 38 venous. Clinical symptoms and possibilities of therapy are discussed. Operative therapy was carried out in only 19 patients, 5 of whom survived. The time between the first symptoms and the operation essentially influences the prognosis. Postoperative anti-coagulation seems to be significant. The value of a 'second-look' operation is dubious. PMID- 7227010 TI - [Intraoperative open transluminal angioplasty (IOTA)]. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), is a nonsurgical method of treating atherosclerotic ischaemic peripheral vascular disease. This paper describes the technique of intra-operative open transluminal angioplasty (IOTA) as an adjuvant therapy during vascular surgery. The main advantage is the shorter duration of surgical procedures. The procedure is simple and preliminary results are favourable, particularly in elderly patients or in patients reduced physical state. The initial impression of its effectiveness together with the low incidence of complications offers a new dimension for the preservation of the leg, especially in stage III and IV, in unfavourable cases such as recurrent stenosis, insufficient run-in or run-off and acute distal infection of the leg. PMID- 7227011 TI - [Viscero-cutaneous hemangiomatosis]. AB - A 3 1/2-year-old girl with multiple hemangiomas of the skin developed a severe anemia soon after birth due to intestinal hemorrhage. She required multiple blood transfusions for the next 3 years. At the time of operation 32 hemangiomas in the duodenum, small and large bowel were resected. The postoperative course was uneventful, the child had no further blood less. An extensive hemangioma in the lower esophagus was left in place. PMID- 7227013 TI - [Controlled clinical trials: yes or no? Tasks and limits of controlled clinical trials in surgery]. PMID- 7227012 TI - [Treatment of meniscus lesions: personal results]. AB - We examined 167 patients 10-14 years after meniscectomy to investigate the dependence of the frequency or arthrosis on operative technique. The relationship between the first clinical signs of meniscus lesion and the time of operation is discussed. The frequency and severity of post-operative alterations is considered in connection with age of the patient at the time of operation. We agree with other authors that the late results in patients under 20 years of age are clearly worse than those in adult patients. The long-term results shown radiological alterations in 72%; however, the functional late results are good or very good in nearly 84%. PMID- 7227014 TI - [Biliary surgery after the age of 75. A group of 180 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227015 TI - [Risk factors in common bile duct lithiasis after 75 years of age]. PMID- 7227016 TI - [Benign solid hepatic tumors: report on six cases. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227017 TI - [Hemangiomas of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227018 TI - [Stress incontinence in women: treatment by suspension with an aponeurotic flap (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227019 TI - [Paravesical pelvic hemangiopericytoma in a male patient: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227020 TI - [Report of the work of the Academy of Surgery during 1980]. PMID- 7227022 TI - [estimation of intrauterine fetal growth---measurement of the height of fundus uteri (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227021 TI - [Diagnosis of prostatic cancer by prostatic cyto-aspiration with the Franzen needle]. PMID- 7227023 TI - [Estimation of intrauterine fetal growth---ultrasonic measurement of the fetal head diameters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227024 TI - [Distribution of newborns' weights in shanghai (28-44 gestation weeks) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227025 TI - [Comparison of "shake test" and amniotic fluid optical density in the assessment of fetal maturity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227026 TI - [ Perinatal mortality and causes of death (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227027 TI - [Breech presentation and perinatal mortality (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227028 TI - [Five years experience with Shanghai Copper T 200 IUD in 856 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227029 TI - [Follow-up study of mid-term abortion induced by five different methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227030 TI - [The normal value of menstruation in Chinese women (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227031 TI - [Measurement of position of cervix uteri in normal women (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227032 TI - [Operative methods for most complicated urinary fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227033 TI - [A discussion on procedure of radical hysterectomy for cancer of cervix uteri and the method of prevention of major complication---recommending an improved technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227034 TI - [Clinical usage of clomiphene (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227035 TI - [Ultrasound detection of intrauterine contraceptive device---clinical analysis of 306 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227036 TI - Structure of the mammalian kinetochore. AB - The structure of the mammalian trilaminar kinetochore was investigated using stereo electron microscopy of chromosomes in hypotonic solutions which unraveled the chromosome but maintained microtubules. Mouse and Chinese hamster ovary cells were arrested in Colcemid and allowed to reform microtubules after Colcemid was removed. Recovered cells were then swelled, lysed or spread in hypotonic solutions which contained D2O to preserve microtubules. The chromosomes were observed in thin and thick sections and as whole mounts using high voltage electron microscopy. Bundles of microtubules were seen directly attached to chromatin, indicating that the kinetochore outer layer represents a differential arrangement of chromatin, continuous with the body of the chromosome. In cells fixed wihout pretreatment, the outer layer could be seen to be composed of hairpin loops of chromatin stacked together to form a solid layer. The hypotonically-induced unraveling of the outer layer was found to be reversible, and the typical 300 nm thick disk reformed when cells were returned to isotonic solutions. Short microtubules, newly nucleated after Colcemid removal, were found not to be attached to the kinetochore out layer, but were situated in the fibrous corona on the external surface of the outer layer. This was verified by observation of thick sections in stereo which made it possible to identify microtubules ends within the section. Thus, kinetochore microtubules are nucleated within the fibrous corona, and subsequently become attached to the outer layer. PMID- 7227037 TI - Transplantation of insect giant chromosome nuclei into amphibian oocytes. AB - Polytene salivary gland nuclei of Chironomus pallidivittatus were transplanted into oocytes of Xenopus laevis which were then cultured in vitro for 18 h. The giant chromosomes and nucleoli as well as the entire nuclei enlarged considerably in volume during this time. The polyteny and specific chromomere pattern of the chromosomes were maintained, and the puffing of the salivary gland-specific Balbiani rings was not noticeably changed. - Polytene nuclei from differentiated insect cells transplanted into Xenopus oocytes thus appear suited for exposing giant chromosomes in vivo to purified factors such as regulatory molecules. PMID- 7227038 TI - Chromosomal replication of Drosophila virilis. II. Organization of active origins in diploid brain cells. AB - DNA fiber autoradiography was used to determine parameters underlying the DNA replication of the eukaryotic chromosome in Drosophila diploid brain cells organ culture. The average rate of fork movement, estimated from 4 different labelling intervals, is 0.35 micron/min at 25 degrees C. Of the tandem arrays 93% show patterns which are compatible with bidirectional replication, 7% show unidirectional replication. The unidirectional mode of replication is interpreted as being a consequence of the experimental schedule (using hot-cold pulse labelling) combined with the occurrence of termination signals. - Some autoradiograms showed the expected two grain tracks of different densities; others showed only a high density track. The latter were most prominent in arrays of short replicons (less than 10 micron) which correlate with replicating satellite sequences. - The majority of replicons fall into size classes less than 100 micron. The frequency distribution is skewed towards larger replicon sizes; it spans 2-238 micron, has a mean of x = 25.6 micron and a median of approximately 21.0 micron. If the distribution is corrected for supposed satellite replicons, the median increases of approximately 31.0 micron. - In experiments using warm-hot pulse labelling, arrays were scored which must have been a consequence of fixed termination signals. Furthermore, grain tracks diverging from weak labelled centers often have different lengths, indicating that these replicons contain two diverging replicating sections of unequal length. PMID- 7227039 TI - Chromosomal replication in Drosophila virilis. III. Organization of active origins in the highly polytene salivary gland cells. AB - Using DNA fiber autoradiography, the rate of fork movement in D. virilis salivary glands was determined to be 0.1 micron/ml (25 degrees C). This value is 3.5 times slower than the replication rate determined in the diploid brain cells using the same experimental conditions (Steinemann, 1981). Replicon lengths in the polytene cells span from 5 to 203 micron, with a mean of approximately x = 46.7 micron and a median of approximately x = 39.5 micron. The polytene replicon length is about the same as that for diploid brain cells (31.0 micron). Dividing the haploid genome of D. virilis by the estimated number of 5,000 bands and taking the resulting 13.6 micron as average DNA length per chromomere, the average replicon length covers 3.4 chromomere units. This result does not support the concept that "one-band-plus interband" behaves as a replicating unit (Pelling, 1966). From the positive skew of the replicon length distributions, combined with the results derived from the chromosomal labelling patterns, the following schedule of chromosomal euchromatin doubling is infered: A short initiation period (discontinuous phase I), asynchronous with respect to individual origins, is followed by a phase of common replication activity at all inducible origins (continuous phase). The discontinuous II pattern is formed by few, long replicons which are still replicating while the shorter ones have already finished (weak points are not considered). Replicons, distributed in the main peak of the histogram and smaller than about 100 micron, are then responsible for the replication of the bulk of chromosomal euchromatin, the continuous phase. the interpretation is in conflict with the hypothesis assuming a clustered organization of the replicons to explain spot labelling (reviewed in Hand 1978). The diploid karyotype of D. virilis contains 45% satellite sequences, located in the alpha-heterochromatin (Gall et al., 1971). They do not replicate in the highly polytene salivary gland cells of 3rd instar larvae. Comparison of DNA fiber autoradiograph patterns from salivary glands and brains suggests that these satellite sequences replicate in short (less than 10 micron), to some extent irregularly spaced replicons. PMID- 7227040 TI - Early and later replication patterns of increased resolution in human lymphocyte chromosomes. AB - High resolution patterns of DNA replications in human lymphocyte chromosomes during early and late S-phases were studied by means of the BrdU-Hoechst-Giemsa technique. The late replicating bands were found to be identical with highly detailed G-bands. Between early replicating bands and R-bands subtile differences were observed. A possible correlation between a replication band seen on the chromosomal level and a replication cluster observed after fiber autoradiography is discussed. PMID- 7227041 TI - Genetic and cytological characterisation of fusion chromosomes of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Abnormally large chromosomes which appear to result from the fusion of 2 chromosomes of the normal karyotype have been found in diploids of Dictyostelium discoideum formed by parasexual fusion of haploid strains HU483 (N = 7) and HU245 (n = 7). These fusion chromosomes appear to be the products of the tandem translocation of most, if not all, of one acrocentric chromosome to the telomere of a second acrocentric. Thus the chromosome number of the diploids is reduced from the normal 2n = 14 to 2n = 13 with the formation of an abnormally large acrocentric fusion chromosome. Experimental haploidisation of such diploids result in two types of products, those with a normal 7 chromosome karyotype and those with an abnormal 6 chromosome karyotype which contains the fusion chromosome. Genetic analysis of haploid segregants indicates that linkage groups II and VII are involved in this fusion. Phenotypes of recombinant diploids obtained following mitotic crossing-over establishes that linkage group II is proximal to linkage group VII. Cytological examination of the karyotypes of haploid strains bearing the fusion chromosome suggest that chromosome 2 may correspond to linkage group II and chromosome 3 to linkage group VII. Haploid strains bearing the fusion chromosome grow and develop normally so little or no genetic information can have been lost in the fusion event. While the nature of this event is unknown it may have involved aberrant recombinational DNA repair since the parental haploid strain HU483 bears the radB13 DNA repair mutation. PMID- 7227043 TI - Single-stranded molecules in DNA preparations from cultured mammalian cells at different moments of cell cycle. AB - Long single-stranded DNA molecules have been observed at electron microscope in DNA preparations from synchronized Chinese hamster cells. The amount of single strandedness in parental DNA increases following a prolonged block of DNA synthesis by hydroxyurea as judged by the results obtained using an improved hydroxyapatite chromatography (Hanania et al., 1975). As far as newly replicated DNA is concerned, an increase of the single strand amount has been observed in DNA preparations from cells actively synthesizing DNA. PMID- 7227042 TI - Chromosome organization during male meiosis in Bombyx mori. AB - Chromatin organization during male meiosis in Bombyx mori has been investigated utilizing the Miller spreading procedure. During meiotic prophase, the linear 200 300 A chromatin fibers evident at interphase are folded into tandem arrays of approximately 7,000 loops per haploid genome. Adjacent loops visualized during early prophase are separated by 0.15-0.2 nm of nucleosomal DNA. Meiotic metaphase chromosomes display numerous loops which project radially from the central region of the chromosome suggesting that the loop conformation of prophase is maintained throughout meiosis. Spread preparations of spermatogenic stages through pachytene allow the visualization of actively transcribed ribosomal DNA. Throughout this period, these transcription units appear to be organized into loops in such a way that one active transcription unit exists on a single loop. Furthermore, there are various levels of transcription on different ribosomal loops, although the number of loops displaying active transcription remains constant throughout this period. PMID- 7227044 TI - Localization of RNA polymerase B and histones in the nucleus of primary spermatocytes of Drosophila hydei, studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. AB - By means of indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, we have studied the distribution of RNA polymerase B, of the nucleosomal histones H2b, H3, and H4 and of histone H1, in nuclei of primary spermatocytes of Drosophila hydei. RNA polymerase B and histones, including H1, are found to be present on the loop structures of the Y chromosome. The nucleolus stains only for the histones, but not for RNA polymerase B. Various mutants deficient for some of the loops or altering their morphology, were used to identify the individual chromosomal segments. In growing spermatocytes of the genetic constitution X/0, autosomes and the chromosome X react strongly with antibodies against RNA polymerase B, but not with antibodies against histones. The results suggest that the autosomes, the chromosome X and the Y chromosomal loop structures, with the exception of the nucleolus, are transcribed mostly by RNA polymerase B. PMID- 7227045 TI - A pachytene map of the mouse spermatocyte. AB - Pachytene chromomere maps of early and mid/late mouse spermatocytes have been prepared which permit exact identification of each bivalent. The average total number of chromomeres on the autosomal bivalents was 248 in the early cells and 184 in the mid/late. There was close correspondence between early and mid/late chromomeres in 122 locations. Comparisons of early pachytene chromomeres with published prometaphase dark G bands revealed 1.6 more chromomeres in the meiotic autosomal bivalents, with close correspondence of larger chromomeres and major mitotic bands. Fewer chromomeres were found in pachytene spermatocytes than had been seen in a previous study of pachytene oocytes. Comparisons of chromomeres of spermatocytes and oocytes revealed several differences. PMID- 7227046 TI - Cytological evidence for preferences of identical over homologous but not identical meiotic pairing. AB - A spontaneous tetraploid/diploid chimera involving meiotic cells of a male individual of Euchorthippus pulvinatus gallicus was heterozygous for the C banding pattern in chromosome pair 8. This allowed the study of the possible existence of competition in meiotic pairing between identical and homologous but not-identical chromosomes. The results suggest the existence of such a competition. An excess of bivalents formed by identical chromosomes was observed. It is suggested that during the pairing process slight specificity or activity differences between chromosomes with a high degree of resemblance would be responsible for the pairing preferences found. PMID- 7227047 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of serum gastrin and its preliminary clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227048 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of fasting serum gastrin in 285 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227049 TI - [Examination of parietal cell antibodies in atrophic gastritis in Lanchow area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227050 TI - [Observations on atrophic gastritis in 333 autopsied specimens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227051 TI - [Diagnosis and pathology of gastritis verrucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227052 TI - [Veno-occlusive disease of the liver with report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227053 TI - [Clinical significance of hemolysates test of ascitic fluid in late stage of schistosomiasis and cirrhosis of liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227054 TI - [Clinical analysis of primary hyperparathyroidism in 23 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227055 TI - [Clinical pathological analysis of primary hyperparathyroidism in 25 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227056 TI - [Cardiac problems in chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227057 TI - [Differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculoma and peripheral type carcinoma of lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227058 TI - [Types, contents and clinical significance of serum haptoglobin in Chinese (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227059 TI - [Therapeutic results and follow-up in 76 cases of chronic aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227060 TI - [Therapeutic results of chronic leukemia and other myeloproliferative syndrome with streptonigrin in 92 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227061 TI - [Preliminary observation on the treatment of paragonimiasis westermani (thoracic type) with domestic niclofolan in 26 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227062 TI - [Investigation of dog filaria extract polypeptide antigen intradermal test in endemic area of filariasis malayi (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227063 TI - [The study of the pathogenesis and clinical significance of increase of circulating anticoagulants; clinical analysis of 42 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227065 TI - [Diseases of platelet functional abnormality (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227064 TI - [Clinical analysis of 15 cases of primary thrombocytosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227066 TI - [The clinico-pathological study of fresh coronary thrombus and acute myocardial infarction. I. The local factor of coronary thrombosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227067 TI - [The use of propranolol in hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227068 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmia during the act of swallowing. A report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227069 TI - [The clinical and echocardiographic features of mitral anular calcification (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227070 TI - [Experience with choledochography with puncture through the intercostal space (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227072 TI - [Cor pulmonale caused by chronic schistosomiasis japonica (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227071 TI - [The plastic capillary leucocyte migration inhibition test and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227073 TI - [Clinical and pathological observation of 15 cases of gastric schistosomiasis complicated by gastric carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227074 TI - [Panel discussion: some problems concerning the study of coronary heart disease as treated with Chinese traditional medication according to patient's actual condition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227075 TI - [Prevention of pellagra in China (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227076 TI - [Investigation of natural infective foci of leptospirosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227077 TI - [Selenium level in the body of susceptibles of Keshan disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227078 TI - [The relationship between seasonal prevalence of Keshan disease and hair selenium level of local inhabitants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227080 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of silicosis in China and international classification. II. Study on large opacities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227079 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of silicosis in China and international classification. I. Study on small opacities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227081 TI - [Study of the absorption, distribution and elimination of the four organic fluorides in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227082 TI - [Study of the thermal insulation criteria of winter clothes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227083 TI - [Epidemiologic survey of Tsutsugamushi disease: analysis of 46 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227084 TI - [Normal urine fluoride assay in 191 subjects in the Huangmailing area (author'a transl)]. PMID- 7227085 TI - [Pay more attention to early diagnosis and early treatment of congenital dislocation of hip (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227087 TI - [Transthoracic focal debridement and anterolateral decompression for tuberculosis of thoracic spine complicated by paraplegia: report of 228 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227086 TI - [Congenital dislocation of hip (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227088 TI - [Early detection, staging and typing of necrotic femoral head collapse after trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227089 TI - [A reduction and fixation apparatus for fracture of forearm: its investigation and clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227090 TI - [Lymphoedema of limbs treated by lymphatico-venous anastomosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227091 TI - [An experimental study of instantaneous free autotransplantation of muscle flap and skin-muscle flap (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227092 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of trachea and bronchi tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227093 TI - [Clinical analysis of 107 cases of internal hemorrhage after lung resection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227094 TI - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary aspergillomas: report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227095 TI - [Experiences in operation on intracranial aneurysms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227096 TI - [Clinical application of fiber choledochoscope: report of 15 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227097 TI - [Pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary malignant tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227099 TI - [Treatment of short segment aganglionosis of rectum by combining surgery with traditional Chinese medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227098 TI - [Soave's operation for polyposis of colon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227100 TI - [Severe chyluria: report of 6 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227101 TI - [Primary tumors of ureter: report of 7 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227102 TI - [Regional and applied anatomy of subclavicular triangle in brachial plexus block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227103 TI - [Control of upper abdominal cancer pain with alcohol celiac plexus block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227105 TI - [Experiences in prevention of reactions with negative pressure diffusion technic in T-tube cholangiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227104 TI - [Anesthesia in reconstruction of trachea and bronchus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227106 TI - [A SLG-4 hepatico-clamp (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227108 TI - [Analysis of 445 cases of tuberculous meningitis in adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227107 TI - [Advances in treatment of electrical injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227111 TI - [Surgical treatment of bullous emphysema and its results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227110 TI - [Emergency operative treatment of hemoptysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227109 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation: a report of 15 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227113 TI - [Comparison of "flow-volume curve" with pathological findings in the diagnosis of small airway obstruction: a preliminary analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227114 TI - [The clinical application of the closing volume. II. Measurement of closing volume in patients with COPD (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227112 TI - [A preliminary analysis of maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227115 TI - [Rheopulmonogram in anthracosilicosis and its complications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227116 TI - [Study on the immunologic status of patients with chronic bronchitis and persons susceptible to common cold treated with heat-killed BCG (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227117 TI - [Administration of ultrasonic aerosol inhalation of beclomethasone dipropionate compound in the treatment of chronic bronchial asthma: a report of 54 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227118 TI - [Clinical analysis of 84 cases of aureus staphylococcal pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227119 TI - [Study on 85 cases of aureus staphylococcal pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227120 TI - [Inflammatory pseudotumors of the lungs: clinical analysis of 25 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227121 TI - [Tracheobronchial pulmonary tree: ultrastructure, physiology and pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227122 TI - [Pulmonary manifestations of collagen diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227123 TI - Circadian changes of the SIgA, lysozyme, albumin and copper content of saliva. AB - The authors investigated SigA, Lysozyme (muramidase), albumin and copper levels in the saliva of sixteen children in the course of the day. A total of nine blood samples was taken in three-hour intervals from each child. Statistically highly significant changes were found in SIgA with a minimal average at 11 a.m. and maximum at 5 a.m. In albumin the maximum was recorded already at 11 p.m., while the minumum was at 11 a.m. The changes of copper values were different, with the maximum at 11 a.m. and minimum at 2 a.m., with smallest individual differences of mean daily levels. Lysozyme displayed an individual variability of levels and the lowest correlation with the investigated rhythms. A statistically significant difference was found only between samples collected during day- and night time. The findings are discussed from the aspects of other relations which might influence the assessed values. PMID- 7227124 TI - Changes of glycogen in subcutaneous adipose tissue and energy metabolism in adaptation period of newborns of normal and diabetic mothers. AB - The authors followed oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide release and glycogen content in subcutaneous adipose tissue in 220 newborns of variable birthweights of normal and diabetic mothers. The average oxygen consumption of eutrophic newborn of healthy and diabetic mothers was 6.65 +/- 015 ml/kg.min and 5.11 +/- 0.21 ml/kg.min, respectively. The lower consumption of oxygen with concomitant higher RQ points to preferential utilization of glycides due to higher depots. The mean glycogen content in subcutaneous adipose tissue of diabetic newborns amounted to 1.001 +/- 0.117 mg/g wet weight, i.e. significantly higher as compared to newborns of healthy mothers of 0.479 +/- 0.031 mg/g wet weight. The newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes showed lower glycogen depots at the birth period than newborns of manifest diabetes mothers, though persisting during the first week of life. Except for these newborns the glycogen content decreased with age, nadir was reached between 24-48 h of life, which suggests rapid exhaustion of glycogen deposits from the adipose tissue. The correlation of total glycogen content with magnitudes of lipid reserves underlines the necessity of early nutritional regime in newborns, chiefly hypotrophic ones. PMID- 7227125 TI - New findings on acrylonitrile metabolism. AB - The mechanism of the metabolic pathway of acrylonitrile to cyanide (and subsequently to thiocyanate which is excreted in the urine) was already previously confirmed by our work in vitro as well as in vivo. This metabolic route of AN via glycidonitrile and glycolaldehyde cyanohydrin is not the dominant pathway in the total balance of AN metabolism and does not elucidate the fate of the predominant amount of AN. By means of AN labelled with 14C on the nitrile group it was confirmed that, when different routes of administration are used, AN forms in the rat the main portion of radioactivity excreted in the urine in "non thiocyanate" metabolites. Based on reflection on the reactivity of AN the assumption was expressed that possible metabolites of AN may be S-(2 cyanoethyl)cysteine (CEC) or N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)cysteine (AcCEC), so called AN-mercapturic acid. Both these substances were synthetized in our laboratory and used as standards on paper chromatography of urine of animals exposed to AN. Evidence was provided that the main metabolite of AN in rats and rabbits is AcCEC. In the urine of rats 8 hours following administration of AN-14CN in addition to AcCEC another metabolite appears the structure of which was not elucidated so far. By means of preparative paper chromatography of the methylene chloride extract of rabbit urine obtained after subcutaneous injection of AN it proved possible to isolate AcCEC in the form of its dicyclohexyammonium salt. This salt did not produce a depression of the melting point with the synthetically prepared standard. This proved unequivocally the identity of the two substances. PMID- 7227126 TI - Reflection of passive exposure to smoking in the home on the prevalence of chronic bronchitis in non-smokers. AB - Analysis of data assembled in an epidemiological investigation of 123 235 adults from three districts of the West Bohemian region incl. 57 217 male non-smokers from a total of 66 806 and 23 473 male non-smokers from a total number of 56 429 males revealed a high significant (p less than 0.005) rise in the prevalence of symptoms of chronic bronchitis in subjects exposed passively to smoking in the home. Exposure to other adverse factors increased the prevalence approximately three times in both sexes. The effect of passive exposure to smoking was, however, manifested far more in men. No reason was found in the investigated data for the interpretation of these differences. It appears that the cause could be the different behaviour of smokers to non-smokers in the home, where the smoker husband usually is considerate to his non-smoker wife during her pregnancy and child care, while in women smokers this motivation is lacking. PMID- 7227127 TI - A method of management of a circumferential villous tumor of the rectum. AB - A case is presented in which a very large circumferential villous tumor was totally removed transanally with complete anatomic and physiologic restoration. Large circumferential tumors of the rectum present formidable technical problems. They may be malignant. When they are benign, abdominoperineal resection can be avoided. A less radical procedure that may be employed with complete resection of the tumor and without stricture formation, is described briefly. PMID- 7227128 TI - Stapled anastomosis in colorectal surgery. AB - The authors review their experience with stapled anastomosis in colorectal and ileorectal resections for malignant and benign lesions of the large bowel. They describe the technique and results in a series of 49 patients (24 with cancer of the rectum and rectosigmoid junction; six with familial polyposis, associated with cancer in four; 12 with chagastic megacolon; three, Crohn's disease; two, ulcerative colitis; and one each, diverticular sigmoiditis and ischemic sigmoiditis). Anterior resection was performed in 38 patients and total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis in 11. Main complications and mortality are presented. They conclude that stapled anastomosis is an efficient method for intestinal reconstruction after resection for malignant and benign lesions of the large bowel. PMID- 7227129 TI - Clinical evaluation of the Makari Intradermal Test in patients with cancer of the colon and rectum. AB - A clinical study to evaluate the Makari Intradermal Test (MIT) involved 180 patients seen with symptoms suggestive of malignant disease, 85 of whom were subsequently shown to have carcinoma of the large bowel, and 66 asymptomatic volunteers. The prognostic value of initial and serial studies relative to patient-survival rate and the efficacy of serial studies in detecting disease in long-term follow-up of patients with resected malignant lesions were evaluated. On the basis of this study, the MIT appears to merit further investigation, not as a definitive diagnostic procedure, but as a survey for identifying patients with early malignancy or individuals at high risk to malignant epigenesis. PMID- 7227130 TI - Serum glycoproteins in diagnosis and monitoring of patients with large-bowel cancer. AB - The profile of serum glycoproteins is altered in malignancy with a relative increase in acute phase reactant proteins. A prospective study has been performed to investigate three sugar moieties (hexose, hexosamine and sialic acid) of these glycoproteins in the serum of large-bowel cancer patients as a possible guide to recurrence, and to compare these three variables with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The three variables indicated the presence of colorectal cancer in over 65 per cent of 107 cancer-bearing subjects. Furthermore, the appearance of metastatic disease was associated with abnormalities in these variables in 10 of 11 patients, and appears more accurately reflected than with CEA. However, the three variables and CEA are cumulative in their value for predicting recurrent cancer. Monitoring of acute phase reactant proteins may therefore be of potential clinical benefit for monitoring of colorectal cancer patients at high risk of recurrence. PMID- 7227131 TI - Elective resection for diverticular disease and carcinoma. Comparison of postoperative morbidity and mortality. AB - A retrospective comparison was made of 47 patients who underwent elective surgical resection for diverticular disease and 106 patients who had sigmoid colectomy or left hemicolectomy for carcinoma over an eight and one-half-year period. There was higher morbidity and mortality in those patients with diverticular disease. PMID- 7227132 TI - Primary ulceration of the ileum. AB - A case of primary ileal ulceration with local perforation is presented. Infectious, hormonal, and traumatic causes are discussed with regard to the current medical literature. The majority of patients with ileal ulceration require operation for complications, including perforation, bleeding and obstruction. Resection of the involved segment of intestine with primary reanastomosis is recommended. PMID- 7227133 TI - Spontaneous appendicocutaneous fistula: case report and literature review. AB - A report is presented describing an exceptional case of spontaneous appendicocutaneous fistula (only six cases in the literature). Chronic appendiceal fistulas--that is primary communications between the appendix and an adjacent hollow viscus or the skin--occur rarely. Various types of appendicular fistula are considered and the literature is reviewed. Symptoms depend on location of the fistula and organ involved. The pathogenesis of such an unusual lesion is discussed. Appendectomy and excision or closure of the fistula is the radical therapy when the diagnosis is made. PMID- 7227134 TI - Giant sigmoid diverticulum: report of a case. PMID- 7227135 TI - Perforation of the sigmoid colon by an orthopedic nail: report of a case. AB - Clinical features and radiographs are presented of a patient whose sigmoid colon was perforated by an orthopedic nail entering the peritoneal cavity via the left acetabulum. The patient was successfully treated by extraction of the nail and closure of the colonic defect. PMID- 7227136 TI - Antibiotic-associated colitis with normal-appearing rectum. AB - A patient was recently seen with pseudomembranous colitis. He had severe disease of the proximal colon, with normal-appearing rectum and distal sigmoid, three weeks after administration of prophylactic antibiotics for surgery. The patient improved after discontinuing the antibiotics. Fiberoptic colonoscopy should be performed in patients suspected of having pseudomembranous colitis, even when sigmoidoscopy results are normal. PMID- 7227137 TI - The completely closed hemorrhoidectomy: a reliable and trusted friend for 25 years. PMID- 7227138 TI - Hartmann procedure reconstruction with EEA stapler. PMID- 7227139 TI - In vivo N7 methylation of theophylline to caffeine in premature infants. Studies with use of stable isotopes. AB - We studied the metabolism of theophylline in premature neonates by the use of molecules labelled with stable isotopes. 2 prematures received from birth up to 8th day of life 3 mg/kg/8 h of a mixed solution containing 46% of labelled and 54% of unlabelled theophylline. Plasma levels of caffeine and theophylline, measured by gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis, demonstrated the in vivo biotransformation of theophylline to caffeine in prematures. PMID- 7227140 TI - Control of antibiotic therapy in pediatric patients. I. A computer system to collect and analyze antibiotic prescriptions in hospitals. AB - A computer system to record and analyze antibiotic prescriptions in hospitalized children is described. This system is especially organized in order to obtain simultaneously a quantitative evaluation of antibiotic use and a qualitative analysis of the process by which the physician makes his decision for therapy. The practical employment of this program has been demonstrated by analyzing 765 prescriptions given in nine different pediatric hospital wards. Many errors of prescription have been demonstrated: antibiotic therapy was based on the clinical impression alone in 31.5% of the prescriptions, antibiotic choice was rational in 20.1% and the posology prescribed complied with the usually applied schemes in 22.4%. Finally, the physician's attitude regarding laboratory monitoring of side effects was adequate in 52.8% before treatment and 33.4% during antibiotic treatment. PMID- 7227141 TI - Local and systemic reactions to the parenteral administration of vitamin E. AB - Significant systemic toxicity has been observed in kittens daily with 50-1,000 mg/kg/day parenteral vitamin E for 3 weeks. The toxicity was dose-related and resulted in significant mortality at doses over 100-200 mg/kg daily. Local reactions to the injections could be eliminated by using the drugs intravenously or intraarterially as tested in acute and chronic preparation in the rat, rabbit and lamb. PMID- 7227142 TI - Serum protein binding of salicylate during pregnancy and the puerperium. AB - A detailed study of salicylate binding to human serum albumin was undertaken because of the widespread use of the drug, its deleterious effect on fetal development (in the laboratory animal) and its well-documented adverse effects on neonatal well-being. Serum was obtained from 82 patients during each trimester of pregnancy, labor, 4 days and 6 weeks post partum. Equilibrium dialysis at 4 degrees C was carried out utilizing therapeutic levels of C-labeled sodium salicylate. Scatchard plots were employed to translate the data into association constants (k') which characterized the binding affinity between salicylate and albumin. At the primary binding site, the mean k' values were: controls (nonpregnant females) 40, first trimester 32, second trimester 28, third trimester 26, labor 15.5, 4 days post partum 18.4, and 6 weeks post partum 37.6 X 10 M. These results demonstrate a decrease in the binding affinity between salicylate and serum albumin as pregnancy proceeds to the puerperium, at which time the binding affinity increases to near control values at 6 weeks post partum. The transplacental concentration of free (unbound) salicylate would be readily available for transplacental transport to exert an effect upon fetal receptors. The changes found may be attributable to competitive or allosteric binding of endogenous compounds such as hormones, characteristic of the normal physiology of pregnancy. PMID- 7227143 TI - Comparative effects of age and sedation on sinus node automaticity and atrioventricular conduction. AB - Corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) and atrioventricular node effective refractory period are longer in nonsedated adults than in sedated children at cardiac catheterization. We attempted to ascertain the relative contributions of age and catheterization sedation on these differences by studying adult beagles and beagle puppies previously instrumented with atrial pacing wires. We found that CSNRT was similar in adults and puppies prior to drug administration. CSNRT shortened significantly after meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine (DPT) administration in both adult dogs and puppies. Atrioventricular node effective refractory period (AVERP) was shorter in puppies than adults prior to DPT, and did not shorten in in either group after DPT. These findings suggest that the difference between CSNRTs in children and adults can be at least partly explained by the sedation used in children. This is an important consideration when premedicating children for electrophysiologic studies, particularly in children with suspected sinus node dysfunction. PMID- 7227144 TI - Effect of extracellular sodium on mechanical function in the newborn rabbit. AB - The effect of high extracellular sodium concentration ([Na]o) on myocardial mechanical function was determined in the isolated, arterially perfused new born and adult rabbit heart. The muscles were initially perfused with hyperosmolar solutions containing 116 mM mannitol and all subsequent manipulations were done without changing the osmolarity. The inotropic effect of hyperosmolarity in the new born was significantly greater than that in the adult. Solutions containing 200 mM [Na]o caused immediate depression in myocardial contractility and this was followed by a partial recovery. The transient depression and recovery of myocardial contractility induced by 200 mM [Na]o alone was reduced so that the [Ca]o/[NA]o ratio was equal to that of 200 mM [Na]o solutions, the decrease in myocardial contractility in the new born was greater than that in the adult. These data suggest that: (1) the negative inotropic effect of high [Na]o is due to Na-Ca competition for external membrane binding sites, this effect in the newborn is greater than that in the adult; (2) the increased [Na]i stimulates Na Ca exchange and increases Ca influx, this effect in the newborn is greater than that in the adult, and (3) the age-related difference in the effect of high [Na]o on myocardial contractility is, at least in part, related to the difference in the effect of calcium on mechanical function. PMID- 7227145 TI - [Lyell's syndrome in Dakar]. PMID- 7227146 TI - [Rare complication of otomastoiditis: periphlebitis of the lateral sinus]. PMID- 7227147 TI - [Formula for calculating the effective dose of isoniazid]. PMID- 7227148 TI - [Tetanus in Mali. Modifications of vaccination schedules]. PMID- 7227149 TI - [African medicinal plants II. Antitussive action of a lyophilized extract of Guiera senegalensis (combretaceae)]. PMID- 7227150 TI - [Toxicologic study of nitrotoluenes: long-term toxicity]. PMID- 7227151 TI - [Toxicological study of nitrotoluenes: acute toxicity and sub-acute toxicity]. PMID- 7227152 TI - [Lumbar and sacro-lumbar slipped disks. Neuro-surgical experience in Dakar (apropos of 83 cases operated)]. PMID- 7227153 TI - [Thrombosis of the central retinal vein in diabetes]. PMID- 7227154 TI - [Therapeutic trials of marginal ulcers in young subjects in an African milieu using cyclophosphamide (endoxan). Preliminary note]. PMID- 7227155 TI - [Primary bronchial cancer in black Africans (apropos of 18 cases)]. PMID- 7227156 TI - [Depranocytic trait and sport in Mali. Apropos of 19 sportsmen carrying the drepanocytic trait in Bamako]. PMID- 7227157 TI - [Cardiovascular risk factors among African populations. Gout]. PMID- 7227158 TI - [Hypertension and cerebro-vascular complications in black Africans]. PMID- 7227159 TI - [Incidence of cardiopathies in sudden deaths in Dakar]. PMID- 7227160 TI - Osteoma of the choroid. PMID- 7227162 TI - Advantages and disadvantages of intracamerular Na-hyaluronate (Healon) in intraocular lens surgery. PMID- 7227161 TI - The visual prognosis of a perforation of the eyeball: a retrospective study. AB - In the literature there is agreement about the variable prognosis of an ocular perforation, but analysis of the factors which affect the prognosis is rare. In this article the factors which determined the final visual in 60 perforation cases are discussed. One third of the total number of eye lost useful vision (visual acuity less than 0.1) while 43% retained good sight (visual acuity greater than 0.8). The visual outcome is considered for each prognostic factor. It is striking that the three most unfavourable prognostic factors often occur together: a traffic accident, a large to extremely large perforation and a corneo scleral localization. Suggestions for the prevention of the most frequent causes are made, and early therapeutic measures are described which should be able to be performed in every large clinic. PMID- 7227163 TI - Stereoscopic fluorescein angiography of the fundus. AB - The fundus of the eye is a three-dimensional organ. The usual two-dimensional representation of the angiogram provides us with incomplete information. It is true that it is usually possible by indirect means to deduce at which level the pathological process is taking place, but a simple technique enables one to register and project the angiogram stereoscopically. This gives the observer a direct visual impression of the spatial proportions of the pathological process. PMID- 7227164 TI - Drusen of the optic disc and occipital transient pattern reversal responses. AB - Compression of visual nerve fibres generally markedly increases the latency times of visually evoked occipital responses. If a visual fluid defect in optic disc drusen is caused by compression of nerve fibres, delayed responses would be expected in this condition too. Examination of 23 patients (43 eyes) with optic disc drusen revealed that even the cases with serious field defects showed no marked delay in the pattern responses. As a consequence, examination of pattern responses is of no value in predicting progressive visual damage in patients with drusen. As to an understanding of the cause of the field defects, the normal pattern responses excluded direct mechanical compression on the nerve fibres by drusen. More likely they are due to a circulatory disturbance in the small vessels, which in its turn may even be caused by gentle compression by the drusen. PMID- 7227165 TI - Spontaneous alterations in unused silicon buckling material. PMID- 7227166 TI - Strabismus and meningomyelocele. PMID- 7227167 TI - Wyburn-Mason syndrome subcutaneous angioma extirpation after preliminary embolisation. AB - In a 38-year-old women, suffering from the Bonnet-Blanc/Wyburn-Mason syndrome, a very disfiguring, pulsating 'angioma', situated left frontally, was successfully extirpated after gelfoam embolisation of the supplying external carotid artery. The patient, suffering from this syndrome which until recently was hardly amenable to treatment, could thus, thanks to modern embolisation technique and the great importance of a multidisciplinary approach by the ophthalmologist, neurologist, surgeon and radiologist. PMID- 7227168 TI - Immunopathology of the eye. PMID- 7227169 TI - ERG and VECPs in retinal detachments. AB - In retinal detachments the scotopic ERG is generally more disturbed than the photopic ERG; both are more disturbed than would be expected from the visible detached retina. The disturbance is characterized by a reduction of both the a wave and the b-wave. Furthermore, the photopic responses are clearly delayed when the detachment extends over more than half of the retina, giving a typical, even pathognomonic, wave form when the detachment covers more than three quarters of the retina. Even in total detachments, such a response, though very small, can usually be obtained, as well as a VECP after strong light flashes. Most likely they are responses of the detached retina. PMID- 7227170 TI - Differential diagnosis of small pigmented choroidal tumours. PMID- 7227171 TI - The effect of indomethacin on the anterior segment of the eye after paracentesis. AB - The prostaglandin-inhibiting effect of Indomethacin (IN) was studied in rabbits, using paracentesis as a stimulus and rise in aqueous protein and fluorescein concentration after intravenous fluorescein injection as parameters. In eye pre treated with IN eyedrops the rise in fluorescein and protein concentration in the secondary aqueous was less than the control eyes; the rise in the control eyes was less than in the eye of rabbits not treated with IN. There was good correlation between the rise in protein and the rise in fluorescein concentration in the secondary aqueous. The four different 0.5% IN suspensions used showed different PG-inhibiting activity, attributed to the difference in physiochemical composition. PMID- 7227172 TI - Traumatic corneal endothelial rings. AB - Non-perforating injuries to the eyes of 4 patients resulted in ring-shaped opacities of the corneal endothelium which disappeared spontaneously after a few days and did not lead to a permanent reduction in visual acuity. As the result of explosions multiple small powder particles penetrated the corneal epithelium of the patients. After a few hours ring-shaped opacities of the corneal endothelium appeared under some of these foreign bodies, which first increased in intensity and then gradually disappeared within a few days. The diameter of these rings was between 0.5 and 1.1 mm. The corneal stroma remained clear all the time. In one patient who had worn a hard contact lens too long and had sleep with it, a disc shaped area of stromal oedema with folds in Descemet's membrane developed, with a ring-shaped opacity of the endothelium with a diameter of about 2 mm. The stromal oedema was clearly visible for 3 days, for which it disappeared without trace within a few days. This paper describes and illustrates the endothelial rings. PMID- 7227173 TI - Probing in congenital dacryostenosis or atresia. PMID- 7227174 TI - Onchocerciasis and glaucoma: ophthalmo-pathological aspects of the limbus and Tenon's capsule in 25 surgical patients from Ghana. AB - In a group of 25 Ghanian patients on whom trepano-trabeculectomy was performed, 14 patients had glaucoma simplex and 11 patients had glaucoma and onchocerciasis. Light-microscopical examination of tissue obtained at these operations showed: 1. there are no clear differences in the trabecular system between the 2 groups; 2. the post-trabecular outflow system is markedly abnormal in patients with glaucoma and onchocerciasis: there is infiltration round Schlemm's canal, the efferent veins and the vessels in Tenon's capsule. Microfilariae were also demonstrated in Tenon's capsule. In the discussion the necessity for further study is stressed. PMID- 7227175 TI - The standing potential of the eye in retinal detachments. AB - To investigate the standing potential and its light rise in retinal detachments, a group of 33 patients was examined preoperatively. The group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the extent of the detachment. Apart from practical interest, this investigation was carried out to answer the question whether contact between the pigment epithelium and the receptor layer is necessary for the generation of the standing potential. This appeared not to be the case, on the contrary the standing potential was often higher. The EOG light rise, on the other hand, was more distributed in comparison with the extent of the detachment. Various features of the EOG may be explained, if we assume an inhibitory action of the retina on the generator of the standing potential under normal conditions. PMID- 7227176 TI - Electrodiagnostics of the tilted disc syndrome. AB - In five patients with a tilted disc syndrome the visually evoke potentials were examined by means of pattern stimulation. It was hoped that by such an examination this syndrome could be distinguished from a chiasma syndrome, since it is known that compression of the anterior visual pathways causes delayed responses, whereas defects or atrophies generally do not. In 4 patients, however, delayed responses were found and they were not found in only one patient. PMID- 7227177 TI - Static and acuity profile perimetry at various adaptation levels. AB - Effects of target size, eccentricity and background luminance were determined for static and acuity profile perimetry in the central 30 degree radius of the visual field. Reductions in target size produced decreases in sensitivity for both functions, with acuity profiles (resolution sensitivity) being more affected than static profiles (detection sensitivity). At photopic background luminances, detection sensitivity was greatest at the fovea and progressively declined with increased eccentricity; lower background fovea. Resolution sensitivity for small targets (20/80 or less) exhibited a rapid decline with increasing eccentricity that was relatively independent of background luminance, whereas large targets (20/125 or greater) revealed findings similar to the detection sensitivity results. The relative contributions of rods and cones to threshold visual responses thus appear to depend on the type of visual task, target size, eccentricity, background luminance and their interactions. These data provide a comparison basis for future evaluations of patients with photoreceptor dysfunction. PMID- 7227179 TI - [Experimental study on the establishment of a transplantable forestomach carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227178 TI - Clinical use of visual acuity measured with pupil responses. AB - The response of the pupil was measured to a foveally fixated small field in which a checkerboard was alternated with a blank field of equal luminance. Visual acuity was assessed with pupil responses in 70 subjects who visited our clinic. A high correlation was found between the visual acuity as measured with pupil responses and the subjective acuity, using the same checkerboard stimuli. We also compared the visual acuity as measure with with pupil responses with the Snellen acuity. The method of obtaining pupil visual acuity seems to compare favourable with other objective methods of measuring visual acuity. PMID- 7227180 TI - [Experimental study on the establishment of a mammary adenocarcinoma MA--737 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227181 TI - [Isolation of rat liver microsomes and determinations of cytochrome P--450 and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227182 TI - [Clonal analysis of a human epithelial cell line from the esophageal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227183 TI - [Studies on immune response of experimental tumors--observations on the immune response of lymph nodes of mice bearing implanted Ehrlich ascitic tumor or sarcoma 180 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227184 TI - [Malignant lymphomas: their classification and prognosis--a study of 167 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227185 TI - [Prognostic significance of histopathologic features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227186 TI - [CT in radiotherapy--report of 47 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227187 TI - [Experience in the surgical treatment of 338 cases of carcinoma of esophagus and gastric cardia at a commune hospital in a high incidence area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227188 TI - [An analysis of 3,798 cases of esophageal cancer treated by radiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227189 TI - [Surgical treatment of the primary bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227190 TI - [The radiation therapy and combination therapy in the management of carcinoma of penis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227191 TI - [Early secondary thoracotomy in the treatment of anastomotic leakage following resection for carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia--a report of 7 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227192 TI - [Glycoprotein from calf thymocyte membranes possessing comitogenic action]. PMID- 7227193 TI - [Linear dichroism spectrum study of aspartate transaminase oriented in polyacrylamide gel]. PMID- 7227194 TI - [Effect of nitrosoalkylureas on deoxyribonuclease activity]. PMID- 7227195 TI - [Interaction of charged bilayer lipid membranes]. PMID- 7227196 TI - [Increase in Ca2+/H+-carrier activity in the mitochondria during hydrocortisone administration to rats]. PMID- 7227197 TI - [Hypoglycemic action of Bryonia alba L. unsaturated fatty trihydroxy acids in alloxan diabetes]. PMID- 7227198 TI - [Changes in neuronal responses to multiple administrations of serotonin]. PMID- 7227200 TI - Trazodone (Molipaxin): another antidepressive drug. PMID- 7227199 TI - [Scanning of the orientation range by visual cortex neurons in the cat]. PMID- 7227202 TI - Who is responsible for the entries in MIMS? PMID- 7227201 TI - Drug treatment of vertigo and Meniere's disease. Cinnarizine and betahistine. PMID- 7227203 TI - Lithium updated. PMID- 7227204 TI - The management of cataract in adults. PMID- 7227205 TI - Peripheral vascular disease: cinnarizine et al. PMID- 7227207 TI - Tablets and capsules that stick in the oesophagus. PMID- 7227206 TI - Home blood glucose measurement for diabetes. PMID- 7227208 TI - The risks of radio-isotopes in medical diagnosis. PMID- 7227210 TI - [Bromocriptine induced cystic tumour regression in advanced prolactinomas (author's transl)]. AB - Conservative treatment with bromocriptine was performed in three patients with macroprolactinomas and increased prolactin levels. Lowering of prolactin levels to normal or subnormal values was possible in all cases. One extensive prolactinoma with retro- and suprasellar parts showed regression to a large extent and cystic degeneration. Transient occurrence of liquorrhoea is considered as a consequence of tumour regression. In cases of parasellar prolactinoma recurrence and intrasellar prolactinoma diminution and cystic degeneration were observed while on bromocriptine treatment. Bromocriptine dosage varied between 3.75 and 30 mg/d. Treatment was performed between 20 and 26 months. There were no serious side effects. Bromocriptine treatment offers an alternative to surgery in macroprolactinomas and prolactinoma recurrences. PMID- 7227209 TI - [Hypersomnias--too rarely diagnosed correctly?]. PMID- 7227211 TI - [Diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - In two female patients with hypothalamic-hypophyseal Cushing's syndrome who had not taken oral contraceptives, upper abdominal sonography showed three liver tumours as chance findings. In one case the left lobe was involved alone and in one case both lobes. None of the three tumours could be demonstrated by means of computer assisted tomography. Autopsy in one case and liver arteriography and scan in other other led to the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. These cases demonstrate the importance of sonography in the recognition of liver tumours. A connection between the overpopulation of adrenocorticosteroids and the formation or enlargement of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver cannot be excluded. PMID- 7227212 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of Gaucher's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Gaucher's disease type I was diagnosed prenatally in one case. Using radiomarked natural lipid substrate the enzyme defect was demonstrated in amniotic cells cultured after amniocentesis in the 16th week of pregnancy. Rest activity of cerebroside beta-glucosidase was around 6% of control activity. After termination of pregnancy in the 19th week the diagnosis was confirmed in the fetus by demonstration of lack of enzyme activity in fetal fibroblasts and liver tissue. Enzyme levels of cerebroside beta-glucosidase in blood leucocytes of the couple who decided on termination of the pathological pregnancy were found compatible with but no proving the heterozygote state of Gaucher's disease. In the future the enzyme defect of affected probands should be determined early and as precisely as possible. PMID- 7227213 TI - [Relation between vesicoureteral reflux and recurring urinary tract infections]. PMID- 7227214 TI - [Cold thyroid node. Surgical viewpoints]. PMID- 7227215 TI - Eighteen month oral study of aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine, in C57Bl/6 mice. AB - Groups of 40 male and 40 female C57BL/6 mice were maintained for 75-80 weeks on meal form diets containing aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine either singly or in combination. The maximum daily doses of phenacetin alone and the APC combination were approximately one-half of their previously determined respective oral LD50's. Mild, nonprogressive histopathologic changes of the urinary tract were noted with these changes first evident in animals given the highest dose of phenacetin. Sulfhemoglobinemia was also induced in all groups of animals given phenacetin alone or in combination indicating that toxic doses were administered oral LD50's. Mild, nonprogressive histopathologic changes of the urinary tract were noted with these changes first evident in animals given the highest dose of phenacetin. Sulfhemoglobinemia was also induced in all groups of animals given phenacetin alone or in combination indicating that toxic doses were administered oral LD50's. Mild, nonprogressive histopathologic changes of the urinary tract were noted with these changes first evident in animals given the highest dose of phenacetin. Sulfhemoglobinemia was also induced in all groups of animals given phenacetin alone or in combination indicating that toxic doses were administered. Under the conditions of this study, evidence of carcinogens was not demonstrated for any of the drugs given alone or in combination. PMID- 7227216 TI - Ocular toxicity in beagle dogs with an experimental fluoromethane-sulfonanilide sympathomimetic agent. AB - ocular lesions were detected in Beagle dogs receiving high doses of BA6650, an experimental fluoremethane-sulfonanilide sympathomimetic agent, during a preclinical safety evaluation study. The oral dose of BA6650 was increased during the 14-day study from 20 mg/kg twice daily (bid) for days 1-3 to 30 mg/kg bid for days 4-6 and finally to 40 mg/kg bid for days 7-14. Two males and two females received BA6650 while one male and one female were not dosed. Intraocular pressure in the untreated controls fluctuated during the study between 17 and 22 mmHg. Intraocular pressure decreased in 3 of 4 BA6650 treated dogs from an initial mean value of 17 to a final mean value of 8 mmHg. Ocular lesions consisting of conjunctival hyperemia, corneal opacities, epiphora, mydriasis followed by miosis, corneal herniation, hypopyon, ptosis, and anterior synechia developed in three of the animals. PMID- 7227217 TI - The inhibition and potentiation of procarbazine on hepatic mixed-function oxidases in phenobarbital tolerant and nontolerant mice. AB - The effect of procarbazine on mixed-function oxidases was investigated in naive and pentobarbital tolerant mice. In mice receiving procarbazine, 200 mg/kg, i.p. 1 hr earlier, metabolisms of pentobarbital, aniline and ethylmorphine in vitro and cytochrome P-450 content of hepatic microsomes were significantly decreased. The drug binding of either aniline or pentobarbital to cytochrome P-450 was also decreased. However, procarbazine failed to exert this effect after the enzymes had been induced by continuous administration of pentobarbital. Interestingly, procarbazine enhanced the barbiturate induced hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities when it was administered before the implantation of pentobarbital pellet. Both cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 content after pentobarbital pellet implantation were further increased by pretreatment with procarbazine. This finding was further substantiated by the increase in pentobarbital and aniline binding to cytochrome P-450. The present studies may provide another model for studying the nature of hepatic mixed-function oxidase induction process. PMID- 7227218 TI - Effect of razoxane (ICRF 159) on daunomycin (NSC 82151) metabolism and DNA complexation. AB - Daunomycinol and deoxyaglycone were the two major metabolites obtained from daunomycin in vitro metabolism by rat and mouse liver preparations. Pretreatment with razoxane (ICRF 159) in these animals did not appear to alter these major metabolic enzymes. In an in vitro system, it was found that daunomycin reacted with DNA instantly and reached steady states within two minutes as evidenced by the diminishing, shifting or disappearance of certain and visible regions. Preincubation of razoxane with DNA did not alter the latter's capacity to interact with daunomycin. We suggest that the mode of razoxane-protected daunomycin-induced toxicities in mice is not mediated through an alteration in daunomycin metabolism or its complexation with DNA. PMID- 7227219 TI - Acute and subchronic toxicity of the protease inhibitor N-alpha-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethylketone (TLCK) in mice. AB - The acute and subchronic toxicity in TLCK (N-alpha-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethylketone) was determined in mice using several different treatment regimens and several different strains of mice. The single dose LD50 was 59 mg/kg following intraperitoneal (ip) administration and was 64 mg/kg following subcutaneous administration to male Balb/c mice. When various doses (0,5,10,20,40 mg/kg) were administered ip to male Balb/c mice either two or three times per week for four weeks, mortality occurred in both regimens at the highest dose. Weight loss was recorded in all animals treated with 20 mg/kg. Histologic lesions in chronically treated mice were restricted to inflammation of the diaphragm and hepatic necrosis. No lesions were observed following administration of a single lethal dose. When TLCK was administered ip to males and females of 7 strains of mice, female NIH Swiss and female C57Bl/6 mice were more resistant. No other strain-related differences in sensitivity were noted. PMID- 7227220 TI - Common errors in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7227221 TI - Gallstones: operate, dissolve or leave alone? PMID- 7227222 TI - Single drug or combination therapy for epilepsy? PMID- 7227223 TI - Crohn's disease: drug therapy, diet or surgery? PMID- 7227224 TI - Management of sleep disorders in the elderly. PMID- 7227225 TI - Distribution of glia maturation factor-like activity in organs and cells. AB - Glia maturation factor (GMF) is a protein first isolated from the adult pig brain. GMF-like activity can be demonstrated in rat organs, including brain, kidney and heart. The activity in these organs is low in newborn animals, but increases with development, reaching the adult level in 1 or 2 weeks. GMF-like activities in the various organs are similar in physicochemical properties, being heat-labile, susceptible to proteolytic enzymes, and are associated with an acidic molecule of large size. Cultured rat glioblasts and C6 glioma cells, but not their conditioned media, contain large amounts of endogenous GMF-like activity. GMF obtained from brains and cultured glial cells also possess mitogenic action. Subcellular fractionation localizes GMF-like activity in the cytosol and in microsomal and nerve ending fractions. GMF-like activity is also detectable in bovine, sheep, monkey and human brains. The results suggest that GMF is ubiquitous in distribution, and at least a portion of it may be associated with the structural components of the cells. PMID- 7227226 TI - Effect of thyroid hormones on the malic enzyme activity in rat brain during development. AB - Changes in the development pattern of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating; NADP+) activity in the brain of hypothyroid rats and the effect of triiodothyronine on the enzyme activity have been investigated. Hypothyroid rats showed lower malate dehydrogenase activity than controls during the suckling period. Results suggest that thyroid hormones promote the development of malic enzyme in the brain. PMID- 7227227 TI - Neuronal survival and peripheral tissue size during human embryogenesis: study of a partial twinning. AB - The relationship between somatic tissue size and development of the nervous system was studied in a partially divided human uniovular twin. In the neck region where tissues were symmetrical in each twin the spinal cords, sensory ganglia and sympathetic ganglia were also normally formed. The bodies remained fused below the necks, but the spinal cords and related neuronal structures had developed separately. Mirror image asymmetry of tissue size existed in relationship to each spinal cord. The asymmetry was reflected in size and neuron content of motor and sensory structures. Stellate ganglia on the sides of the missing arms were also hypoplastic. This abnormal human development reproduces animal experiments in which limb ablation reduces embryogenetic survival of related neurons. It is indicates that human neurons are affected by alterations in tissue bulk during ontogenesis. PMID- 7227228 TI - Influence of nerve growth factor on the embryonic mouse trigeminal ganglion in culture. AB - Developing trigeminal ganglia have been excised from mouse embryos of 9, 10, 11 and 12 days gestation and grown in tissue culture. A quantitative method was used to assess the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) and an antiserum to NGF (anti NGF) on fiber outgrowth from the explanted ganglia. Fiber outgrowth from 9-day ganglia (E9 ganglia) appeared to be unaffected by the presence of NGF. However, the ganglia became increasingly responsive to NGF from embryonic day 10 through 12. The increased responsiveness to NGF in vitro coincided with the establishment of fiber contacts with peripheral target tissues in vivo. Anti-NGF produced no significant reduction of fiber outgrowth from E9 ganglia, but from later ganglia significant reduction were observed. PMID- 7227229 TI - Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in chick embryonic fast muscle: developmental changes and effects of DFP treatment. AB - Multiple molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from embryonic chick pectoral muscle were examined by sucrose density sedimentation. Embryonic muscle in ovo possessed three molecular forms with apparent sedimentation coefficient of 7S, 11S, and 20S. The proportion of the 20S form increased 4-fold between days 11 and 18 in ovo and there was a decrease in the proportion of the 7S and 11S forms. Cultured embryonic muscle contained only 7S and 11S AChE despite the presence of the 20S form in the tissue from which the cultures were derived. Brief treatment with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) completely inhibited the enzyme activity; the newly synthesized AChE first appeared as a 7S form. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the peak fractions from the sucrose gradients revealed that the 7S AChE was composed of two electrophoretic forms and gave evidence that the 20S AChE was too large to enter the running gel. The results are consistent with the ideas that the distribution of AChE molecular forms is regulated during embryonic development and that AChE is first synthesized as a low molecular weight form following inhibition with organophosphate compounds. PMID- 7227230 TI - Pituicyte fine structure in the developing neural lobe of the rat. AB - The fine structure of pituicytes was investigated between 15 days of fetal life and 120 days postnatum. Prior to the penetration of neurosecretory axons into the neural lobe a uniform population of undifferentiated pituicytes is presented. Coincidental with the first appearance of neurosecretory axons in the neural lobe at 16 1/2 days of fetal life is the beginning differentiation of those pituicytes into two varieties, an active and an inactive one. The active variety predominates and has all of the morphologic characteristics of an active secretory cell, especially during axonal growth in the neural lobe; between 16 1/2 days and birth most of the undifferentiated pituicytes have differentiated into active pituicytes. The inactive variety is rarely encountered before birth; the classification as an inactive cell is based on the lack of organelles involved in secretion. After adult conditions are reached between 25 and 30 days postnatum, the active pituicytes continue to prevail in the neural lobe, although they are less active than in the developmental period as judged by morphologic criteria. The inactive pituicytes increase in number with increasing age. In addition to the pituicytes two other cells are described, microglial cells and a cell whose exact nature remains to be determined. PMID- 7227231 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections]. PMID- 7227232 TI - [Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's disease)]. PMID- 7227233 TI - [Antiestrogen treatment of metastasizing breast cancer]. PMID- 7227234 TI - [Surgical treatment of humeral epicondylitis]. PMID- 7227235 TI - [Changing diagnosis of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7227236 TI - [Gold or vegetables in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7227237 TI - [Vitamin A derivatives as therapeutic agents for skin diseases and cancer?]. PMID- 7227238 TI - [Why does a woman decide on a abortion?]. PMID- 7227239 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux and recurrent respiratory tract symptoms in childhood]. PMID- 7227240 TI - [Serum lipids during acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7227242 TI - [Can diseases be eradicated ?]. PMID- 7227241 TI - [Primary pulmonary amyloidosis and tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica]. PMID- 7227243 TI - [Pertussis, a forgotten entity]. PMID- 7227244 TI - [Eosinophilic gastroenteropathy in children]. PMID- 7227245 TI - [Developmental phases of the family and developmental family therapy]. PMID- 7227246 TI - Surgical treatment of vertigo. PMID- 7227247 TI - Psychiatric perspectives on facial cosmetic surgery. PMID- 7227248 TI - Laryngeal injections with polytef paste. PMID- 7227249 TI - Clinical use of tone decay. PMID- 7227250 TI - Ventilation tubes in the treatment of nonsuppurative middle-ear effusions. PMID- 7227252 TI - Laryngeal closure and glottic reconstruction. PMID- 7227251 TI - Laryngeal tuberculosis: a hazard to the otolaryngologist. PMID- 7227253 TI - Mycosis fungoides (d'emblee type) of the paranasal sinuses. PMID- 7227254 TI - Nontraumatic frontal encephalocele. PMID- 7227255 TI - Effects of marijuana smoking on vocal pitch and quality. PMID- 7227256 TI - Primary keratoma of the skull. PMID- 7227257 TI - Local anesthesia of the head and neck. PMID- 7227258 TI - An introduction to Z-plasty. PMID- 7227260 TI - Skin anatomy in wound healing. PMID- 7227259 TI - Adjacent skin flaps for facial reconstruction. PMID- 7227261 TI - The camouflage of cutaneous scars. PMID- 7227262 TI - Repair of the eyelid. PMID- 7227263 TI - Blepharoplasty. PMID- 7227264 TI - Face-lift techniques. PMID- 7227266 TI - Antimicrobials and otolaryngology. PMID- 7227267 TI - Microbiology of ear, nose, and throat infections. PMID- 7227265 TI - Otoplasty. PMID- 7227268 TI - The cephalosporins. PMID- 7227269 TI - The erythromycins. PMID- 7227270 TI - Clindamycin-lincomycin. PMID- 7227271 TI - The tetracyclines. PMID- 7227272 TI - Chloramphenicol. PMID- 7227273 TI - The aminoglycosides. PMID- 7227274 TI - Otic topical agents. PMID- 7227275 TI - [Duodenogastric-reflux-favouring behaviour of the pylorus in patients with gastritis and duodenitis (author's transl)]. AB - The pylorus was observed gastroscopically, biopsies of the gastral and duodenal mucosa were taken in 183 patients. If the mucosa did not show signs of inflammation, reflux-favouring behaviour of the pylorus (permanently being ajar or acting hyperkinetically) was rare. In patients with gastritis it was significantly more frequent. If the inflammation concerned the mucosa of the stomach as well as that of the duodenum the reflux-favouring behaviour of the pylorus was especially frequent. PMID- 7227276 TI - [Effect of a long-term cholesterol-rich diet on the serum and hepatic lipid and lipoprotein levels in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats]. AB - There are great species and individual differences in response of the organism to a diet, rich in cholesterol. In the present study the author used two types of rats-normotonic of Wistar strain and spontaneously hypertonic of Okamoto--Aoki strain. The animals were fed with a diet of O'Neil, rich in cholesterol, for various periods of time. The levels of liver lipids and serum lipoproteins were raised only in the normotonic Wistar rats at early periods (4 months). The levels of serum lipids were elevated only after 10- and 11-month feeding with a diet, rich in cholesterol. She discusses the possibility that the increased exogenic transport of cholesterol and lipids could be compensated by enhanced metabolism in the peripheral tissues and by suppression and catabolism of cholesterol in liver at earlier stages. She suggests that the early elevation of lipoproteins could be due to "intermediary" lipoproteins, rich in cholesterol. This is proven also by the disc electrophoresis of serum lipoproteins, revealing intensification of alpha-lipoprotein fraction and the intermediary fraction between beta lipoproteins and pre-beta-lipoproteins. There is no humoral syndrome, observed in the normotonic Wistar rats, in the spontaneously hypertonic rats, which have a--6 month diet, although the levels of liver lipids are raised significantly, when they are compared with the control group. She discusses the possibility for greater centrifugal transport of this kind, since more cholesterol and lipoproteins are measured in the vascular wall than in the normotonic animals. PMID- 7227277 TI - [Autoradiographic study of the action of yohimbine on rat spermatogenesis]. AB - The authors found an increase in the number of labelled spermatogonia and spermatocytes with 35 to 40% in the experimental animals as a result of performed quantitative studies on mature male rats after chronic treatment with jochimbin and simultaneous application of 3H-thymidine. This statistically significant difference in comparison with the control animals showed that jochimbin stimulated the mitotic activity of spermatogonia as a result of which the number of spermatozoa was increased and the whole process of spermatogenesis was affected. The biologic action of jochimbin on the spermatogenesis of a rat was similar to that of the preparation TB-68, examined by us. PMID- 7227278 TI - [Pharmacological studies of Centranthus ruber]. AB - The authors carried out pharmacologic studies on the valepotriate component valtrate, isolated from the plant Centranthus ruber, for its central depressive action. The data from the conducted studies showed that the valtrate possessed neurotropic activity, characteristic of psycholeptic (anxiolytic) properties. The orientation reflexes and motor activity were much manifestly inhibited, when specific tests for central depressive action were used. The convulsive effects of pentetrazol and the excitation effects of morphine and to less degree of amphetamine were antagonized. Hexobarbital narcosis was enhanced. The examined substance could be included in the group of psycholeptics and more exactly in the group of anxiolyitics. PMID- 7227279 TI - [Changes in the amount of blood in the uterus and placenta of rats in prolonged pregnancy]. AB - The authors examined the amount of blood in the vessels of the placenta, uterus, liver and kidneys of white rats with prolonged pregnancy. The model of prolonged gestation is obtained after administration of progesterone during the last days of pregnancy. The results reveal that the amount of blood in the vessels of the uterus and placenta of rats with prolonged pregnancy is statistically significantly reduced (in the uterus 3,7 and 4,8 gammas per 100 mg of tissue, but in the placenta 3,76 and 8,8 gammas respectively and p less than 0,05). the authors explain these changes in the altered permeability of the vessels of the uterus and placenta in rats with prolonged pregnancy. These results clarify the high percentage of hypoxia in rats with prolonged pregnancy, which is of clinical significance. PMID- 7227280 TI - [New model of acute pancreatitis]. AB - The authors propose a new model of acute pancreatitis by infusing duodenal content, obtained both from animals with experimental pancreatitis and from patients with pancreatitis, hepatitis and cholecystitis, into the duodenum of experimental animals without pressure for a period of several days. Pancreatitis was established functionally and histomorphologically. The control group of animals did not reveal deviations from the norm after infusion of duodenal content. The authors suggested the presence of pathogenic substances in the duodenal content of animals and sick persons, and these components damaged the pancreas, liver and kidneys by means of blood and lymph ways. PMID- 7227281 TI - [Applications of electromyography to the study of the posture and dynamics of the human body]. PMID- 7227282 TI - [Raynaud's phenomenon]. PMID- 7227283 TI - [Neurological tolerance of lithium-psychotropic drugs association (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have studied the neurological tolerance from the combination of lithium-psychotropic drugs from 265 associated cures carried out on 132 patients between 1971 and 1978. The risk of neurological inability to assimilate is not greater when haldol is combined with lithium by comparison with other combinations where it is not included. Only the presence of cerebral organicity presents a risk factor. The 117 associated cures were preceded by preliminary treatments during which either the lithium or the psychotropic drugs were used to the same extent during the treatment. This series seems to allow on one hand to demonstrate that the incidence of neurological signs is multiplied by two by the combination, on the other hand to note that the intensity of the neurotoxic effects increases. PMID- 7227284 TI - [Manic state provoked by salbutamol via oral route (author's transl)]. AB - A 25 years old man without any personal psychiatric antecedent, but belonging to a family with heavy manic depressive psychosis heredity has presented a typical manic episode, after the oral absorption of salbutamol, which had been prescribed for an asthmatic condition. Salbutamol was already known for having a clear and intense action on the mood of endogenous psychotic depressive patients. We suggest the possibility that a manic condition can be induced by salbutamol. PMID- 7227285 TI - [Amineptine and amotival syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Intellectual, affective and motor inhibition is part of the syndrome encountered in: drug withdrawal in addicts especially with opiates; hebephrenia. Amineptine a new antidepressant agent with psychoanaleptic properties has been studied in these patients. Considering this psychotonic activity was logical to test both the tolerance of this compound in drug addicts and the risk of delirious reactivation in schizophrenic patients. The open study in 19 patients shows an effect of amineptine: -on inhibition and loss of activity, apragmatism and deterioration of social behaviour; -a subjective improvement of intellectual performance. And moreover: without reactivation of preexisting delirious ideas in schizophrenic patients; without drug addiction in treated toxicomaniacs. PMID- 7227286 TI - [Biological and medical genesis of crime (author's transl)]. AB - The author underlines the variability of crime in time and cultures. This makes it difficult to correlate simply organic factors and criminal behavior. Historical and classical theories in bio-medical genesis of crime are reminded, specially anthropological and typomorphological studies. Then are reviewed modern studies on hereditary factors and chromosomal abnormalities and also ethology and neurophysiology in aggressivity. The main neuropsychiatric factors are listed: mental illnesses, epilepsy, automatical behavior during sleep, alcoholism, drug addiction. Finally, the author emphasizes the multiple determinism in criminal behavior and the continuous relationship between environment and the central nervous system. PMID- 7227287 TI - [Pathological laughing and posterior fossa tumours (author's transl)]. AB - Posterior fossa tumours give rise, sometimes, to psychiatric disturbances, which are difficult to diagnose, when they are isolated without any neurological signs. This was the case in our report of a 32-year-old man who had a pathological laugh, unique symptom, during 4 months, of a trigeminal neurinoma. Spasmodic laughs related to posterior fossa tumours are infrequently reported in the literature. They always are the sign of a pseudo-bulbar syndrome, due to a bilateral lesion of the cortico-bulbar tracts. Other involuntary laughs are encountered in third ventricle's lesions, in frontal lobe lesions and in epilepsy. PMID- 7227288 TI - Plasma dopamine beta hydroxylase activity in chronic schizophrenic patients tested with single dose of 2-bromo-alpha ergocriptine (Parlodel). AB - Plasma dopamine beta hydroxylase (D.B.H) activity was measured in 6 chronic schizophrenic patients. Treated with phenothiazine and butyrophenone derivatives after administering a single dose of bromocriptine (7,5 mg) orally, and compared to a matched group of 6 chronic treated schizophrenic patients without bromocriptine loading, and to a control matched group loaded with 7.5 mg of bromocriptine. A significant difference was observed in D.B.H. plasma levels of the schizophrenic patients group who received bromocriptine, by comparison with the other two control groups. PMID- 7227289 TI - [Death caused by anorexia nervosa (author's transl)]. AB - The authors examine the clinical history of two women whose first symptoms of anorexia nervosa appeared at the ages of 20 and 30 years respectively. Their illness remained stationary for many years then suddenly became fatal after a series of severe metabolic disturbances. These occurred after a period of 26 years in the first case, and 11 years in the second. This illustrates the concept that the prognosis of anorexia nervosa is not as good when the first symptoms appear at an advanced age, and also that a vital prognosis can be established in certain cases according to percentages that are variable but no negligible. A survey of what has been written to date seems to confirm this. PMID- 7227290 TI - [Ophthalmological side effects of lithium (author's transl)]. AB - Among the side-effects due to the psychotropic drugs, one knows the ocular lesions, especially those due to major tranquillizers (f.e. opacities in the cornea and the lens). Ocular examination of 73 patients suffering of affective disorders, and receiving lithium salts during several years showed no significant ocular lesions due to the medication. PMID- 7227291 TI - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in schizophrenia. Experimentation in 3 cases]. AB - The authors report their experience in using Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (C.A.P.D.), in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia. This attempt refers to studies which confirm any role of endorphins in the origin of schizophrenia. Consecutively to american authors who found endorphins (molecular weight 3 300) in the dialysat of hemodialysed schizophrenics, they choose C.A.P.D. This continue technic of dialysis is more efficient than hemodialysis in removal of substances which molecular weight is between 1 500 and 5 000. This technic was used in 3 chronic schizophrenics: the disease has developed since 6 to 17 years and all the previous treatments failed. The duration of C.A.P.D. was 3 to 6 months. The only complication was one episode of inflammation of the peritoneum during 14 months of dialysis. Followed by the same staff with the AMDP 3 scale, the psychiatric evolution includes: --improvement and relapse in 2 patients (but we have to consider the difficulties of socioprofessional rehabilitation of these long term patients); --"clinical recovery" (17 months) in the third patient. The incidence of mothering and institutionalism is not negligible. Dosage of Met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin by radioimmunoassay in the drained dialysat did not show any difference between schizophrenics and the reference chronic renal patient. The results obtained with C.A.P.D. are not very satisfactory so far. But further research especially on the role of endorphins in schizophrenia and on their analysis technics in the body fluids perhaps will allow to treat schizophrenia again by dialysis. PMID- 7227292 TI - [Relationship between schizophrenia, ABO system and secretory system (author's transl)]. AB - The ABO blood groups and the secretor status of 210 schizophrenic patients born in Budapest and in her neighbourhood was determined by the author. According to principles of the nosological taxonomy suggested by Sneshnewski the patients were classified as three forms of process, continuous, shift-like and recurrent. It was found decrease of "O" antigen and increase of "A" antigen in the continuous form, while increase of "O" and decrease of "A" in the shift-like form. In the group showing recurrent form of process are genetically independent nosological units, it was found increase of "O" non-secretors. The various frequency of genes refer to biological origin and polygenic inheritance of the disease. The author emphasizes that genetic examination of schizophrenia should carry according to principles of nosology. PMID- 7227293 TI - [Some aspects of cognitive activities in schizophrenic patient (author's transl)]. AB - Nine paranoid schizophrenics, five control subjects of the same age and four hebephrenic schizophrenics were examined using Piaget's genetic psychology tests. The study of assimilation/accommodation equilibrium in the cognitive activities of schizophrenic patients confirmed our previous results which primarily dealt with hebephrenic patients [12]. The thinking of paranoid schizophrenics is dominated by increased assimilation which explains their tendency to deform observables and their difficulty in generalising reasoning. The assimilation/accommodation equilibrium of their logical operations is affected resulting in: a) difficulty in formulating reflecting abstractions and therefore the comprehension and extension of concepts; b) loss the feeling for logical necessity and a tendency to utilize magical thinking and subjective explanations. PMID- 7227294 TI - [Anti-epileptic effect of clobazam in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227295 TI - Differential effects of hypothyroidism on the specific uptake of growth hormone and prolactin by the rat liver. AB - The possible effects of severe hypothyroidism on the specific uptake of ovine PRL (oPRL) and bovine GH (bGH) by the liver have been investigated in the rat. Female rats were thyroidectomized (T). These animals and age-paired controls (C) were injected with less than 20 ng [125I]iodo-oPRL or [125I]iodo-bGH alone or in combination with 100-200 micrograms native oPRL, bGH, or human GH per 100 g BW. The animals were killed at different intervals, and the total 125I was determined in plasma and liver. From these data, the liver to plasma 125I ratio was calculated. In some experiments the proportion of 125I which was soluble in 10% trichloroacetic acid was also determined. The T rats were all severely hypothyroid. A specific uptake of [125I]iodo-oPRL by the liver could be shown for C rats. It was, however, markedly decreased in T rats (in agreement with previous findings showing a decrease of liver lactogenic binding sites) studied in vitro. On the contrary, the specific liver uptake of [125I]iodo-bGH was not decreased in T rats. Some differences were, however, observed between T and C rats with respect to saturation of the liver uptake of bGH and the metabolism of the [125I]iodo-bGH. The amount of native bGH required to reduce the liver to plasma 125I ratio after injection of [125I]iodo-bGH by 50% was smaller (1.5 microgram/100 g BW) in T rats than in C animals (5 microgram/100 g BW). The rate of degradation of the labeled hormone, as far as could be assessed from the increasing solubility of 125I in 10% trichloroacetic acid, was slower in T than in C animals. Present findings indicate that the specific liver uptakes of bGH and oPRL are not affected in the same manner by severe hypothyroidism. PMID- 7227297 TI - Site of iodination in hyperplastic thyroid glands deduced from autoradiographs. AB - We have tried to ascertain the site of iodination in the chronically stimulated, hyperplastic thyroid gland of rats. Rats were fed propylthiouracil in a commercial rat diet for 10 days. Then the diet was changed to a low iodine diet for 5 days. To label the gland, 10 mCi of 125I-iodide was injected into the left heart ventricle. Ten seconds later the animal was perfused through the left ventricle with a fixative solution containing a goitrogen to block further iodination, and stable iodide to help extract uncombined radioiodide. Electron microscopic autoradiographs prepared from the fixed thyroids show strong labeling over the lumen of the follicle and no consistent labeling of any other site or organelle. We conclude that the site of iodination in the chronically stimulated, hyperplastic thyroid is the follicular lumen, i.e. the same as that in the normal gland. PMID- 7227296 TI - Luteotropic role of the decidual tissue in the rat: dependency on intraluteal estradiol. PMID- 7227298 TI - Effect of continuous thyroxine administration on thyrotropin secretion in thyroidectomized rats. AB - We have studied the effect of T4 itself (i.e. without extrapituitary conversion to T3) on the feedback regulation of pituitary TSH secretion in thyroidectomized rats receiving continuous T4 or T3 replacement. Continuous sc infusion of 1.0 or 2.0 microgram T4/100 g . day in 0.01 N NaOH, 20% 1,2-propanediol vehicle failed to maintain the plasma T4 concentration in thyroidectomized rats for more than 48 h, despite the verification of T4 delivery. Continuous sc infusion of 1.0 or 2.0 microgram T4/100 g . day in 0.01 N NaOH, 5% rat serum resulted in a dose dependent elevation in the plasma T4 concentration and inhibition of the postthyroidectomy rise in plasma TSH, in the presence of low plasma T3 concentrations. Mimicking the low plasma T3 concentrations that resulted from T4 infusion by continuous replacement of 280 ng T3/100 g . day failed to inhibit the postthyroidectomy rise in plasma TSH. The pituitary responsiveness to TRH (250 ng/100 g, iv) after 96 h of thyroid hormone infusion was significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited only in the group receiving 2.0 microgram T4/100 g . day. These results indicate that the plasma T4, concentration in addition to that of plasma T3, conveys feedback information to the pituitary. With regard to pituitary TSH secretion, T4 acts as both a prohormone giving rise to a protion of the plasma T3 by peripheral monodeiodination and as a hormone conveying feedback information via the blood to the pituitary. PMID- 7227299 TI - Continuous infusion of growth hormone feminizes hepatic steroid metabolism in the rat. AB - The metabolism of 4-[4-14C]androstene-3,17-dione was studied in the microsomal fraction of rat livers after continuous administration of human GH (hGH) in Alzet osmotic minipumps under varying conditions. hGH caused a complete feminization of hepatic steroid metabolism (i.e. increased the 5 alpha-reductase and decreased the 6 beta- and 16 alpha-hydroxylase activities) in normal male rats when infused at a rate of 5 microgram/h for 7 days. Hypophysectomy and castration or adrenalectomy and thyroidectomy of male rats did not reduce the feminizing capacity of hGH, indicating that the adrenals and the thyroid gland are not involved in the mediation of the feminizing effect of hGH. The same dose (5 microgram/h for 7 days) of hGH was also able to refeminize the liver steroid metabolism in hypophysectomized-ovariectomized female rats. The effect of the homologous hormones, rat PRL and rat GH on hepatic steroid metabolism was also investigated. Either hormone was infused at a rate of 10 microgram/h for 7 days, a dose which was sufficient to increase the serum level of the hormone in hypophysectomized animals. No feminizing effect was seen after the administration of rat PRL, whereas rat GH caused a partial feminization of hepatic steroid metabolism in hypophysectomized male animals. It is concluded that GH or a hormone related to GH is involved in sexual differentiation of liver steroid metabolism. PMID- 7227300 TI - Evidence of a role for retinoic acid (vitamin A-acid) in the maintenance of testosterone production in male rats. AB - Animals maintained on retinol (vitamin A-alcohol)-deficient diets exhibit testicular atrophy and loss of the germinal epithelium. Retinoic acid (vitamin A acid), when fed to retinol-deficient animals, does not prevent these lesions and had thus been thought not to play a role in the tests. Serum testosterone (T) levels, determined by RIA, in retinol-deficient rats were determined to be significantly lower than in control rats. In contrast, retinoic acid-fed, retinol deficient rats exhibited serum T concentrations similar to those of control rats. No difference in immunoreactive serum LH levels was observed in the three groups. The response of serum T to ip administration of LH in retinol-deficient animals relative to basal levels was similar to that observed in control as well as retinoic acid-fed, retinol-deficient rats. These results show that while basal T production in retinol-depleted rats is decreased, LH-stimulated T synthesis is unaffected. Furthermore, retinoic acid, in the absence of retinol, can support T production, suggesting that contrary to present dogma, retinoic acid plays a role in testis. PMID- 7227301 TI - Compositional and physical properties of microsomal membrane lipids from regressing rat corpora lutea. AB - Wide angle x-ray diffraction has revealed that during corpus luteum regression there is a liquid-crystalline to gel phase transition in the phospholipid molecules of the cellular membranes. In the present study we have examined the lipid composition of these membranes and looked for evidence of membrane protein involvement in this change. Lipid analysis of smooth microsomal membranes prepared from rat corpora lutea revealed no significant change in the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio or in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids with advancing luteolysis. In addition, there was no clear trend for these changes in the relative proportions of the major fatty acids. Liposomes were prepared from smooth microsomal fractions of regressing rat corpora lutea, and examination of these lipid vesicles by x-ray diffraction revealed that the temperature of the liquid-crystalline to gel phase transition was much lower (approximately 25-30 C) than that for the corresponding microsomes. These observations are consistent with the view that membrane proteins contribute to the ordering of lipid that results in a mixture of liquid-crystalline and gel phases in membranes from regressed corpora lutea. PMID- 7227302 TI - Dopamine in hypophysial portal plasma and prolactin in systemic plasma of rats treated with 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - Intracerebroventricularly administered 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) altered the release of dopamine into pituitary stalk blood and of PRL into the systemic circulation of male rats. The concentration of dopamine in pituitary stalk plasma of rats given 0.5 or 5.0 microgram 5HT was 0.32 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SE) or 0.18 +/ 0.04 ng/ml, respectively, and was significantly less than that in vehicle treated animals (0.80 +/- 0.04 ng/ml). Relative to the mean level of PRL in animals injected with the solvent vehicle, the mean concentration of PRL in central venous plasma of rats given 0.5 or 5.0 microgram 5HT was increased 4-fold or 13-fold, respectively. Other rats were infused iv with dopamine for 45 min. After 15 min of infusion, the mean concentration of dopamine in arterial plasma was several times that of dopamine in pituitary stalk plasma of rats not infused with dopamine. Even so, this high concentration of dopamine did not prevent the 5HT-induced release of PRL. We conclude that 5HT modulates the secretion of PRL through a stimulatory mechanism that is effective in the presence of a high plasma concentration of dopamine, a PRL-release inhibiting factor, and suggest that 5HT causes the release of a hypothalamic substance(s) that stimulates release of PRL, i.e. a PRL-releasing factor. PMID- 7227303 TI - Compartmentation in the turtle thyroid: water and iodide distribution. PMID- 7227304 TI - Characterization of the stabilizing effect of sodium molybdate on the androgen receptor present in mouse kidney. PMID- 7227305 TI - Studies of the decline of uteroglobin synthesis and secretion in the rabbit uterus during the continued presence of circulating progesterone. PMID- 7227306 TI - Calcium-regulated biosynthesis of the parathyroid secretory protein, proparathyroid hormone, and parathyroid hormone in dispersed bovine parathyroid cells. AB - Dispersed bovine parathyroid cells were incubated in vitro with 3H-labeled amino acids for 30--120 min. Analysis of cell extracts by sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a calcium-regulated incorporation of 3H-labeled amino acids into three major peaks, one with a molecular weight (Mr) of 70,000 and two peaks in the 10,000 Mr region, and a minor 5,000 Mr peak. Furthermore, [3H]mannose was incorporated into the 70,000 Mr peak, which corresponds to the parathyroid secretory protein (PSP) recognized as a glycoprotein. The two peaks in the 10,000 Mr region had the electrophoretic mobility of [3H]bovine proparathyroid hormone (ProPTH) and [3H]bovine PTH (1- 84), respectively. Immunoreactive PTH was only detected in a peak comigrating with [3H]PTH-(1--84). The nonimmunoreactive 5,000 Mr peptide was not further identified. The incorporation of radioactive amino acids into PSP, ProPTH, PTH-(1 -84), and the 5000-daltons peptide was inversely related to the calcium concentration in the incubation medium. The incorporation of radioactive mannose into PSP was also greater at low extracellular calcium concentrations. Our findings provide evidence for an inverse relationship between the extracellular calcium concentration and the formation of PSP, ProPTH, PTH-(1--84), and a yet to be identified 5000-dalton peptide in dispersed bovine parathyroid cells. PMID- 7227307 TI - Pathogenesis of hyperprolactinemia in uremic rats. AB - Experiments have been carried out in order to clarify to what extent the absence of PRL renal catabolism in experimental renal insufficiency is responsible for the high PRL circulating levels. Furthermore, the relative contribution of the glomerular filtration rate and peritubular degradation to PRL renal clearance have been assessed. Circulating PRL basal levels were measured by RIA in sham operated and intact control rats and in three uremic rat models: urine autoinfusion, bilateral ureteral ligation, and bilateral nephrectomy. Plasma PRL basal levels (nanograms per ml; mean +/- SEM) were increased in sham-operated rats (30.3 +/- 5.1) with respect to control animals (18.5 +/- 2.7; P less than 0.05). Bilaterally nephrectomized animals (66.4 +/- 16.4) and those with bilateral ureteral ligation (69.3 +/- 15.9) developed similar hyperprolactinemia, in contrast to urine-autoinfused rats (20.2 +/- 2.1; P less than 0.005) whose hormone levels were similar to those of control animals. Creatinine levels were markedly elevated and comparable in the three uremic rat groups. The results suggest that: 1) hyperprolactinemia in rats in acute renal insufficiency is due primarily to reduced renal function; 2) PRL renal catabolism in the rat requires a certain rate of glomerular filtration; and 3) PRL peritubular degradation does not seem to be relevant in PRL catabolism by rat kidney. PMID- 7227308 TI - 3',5'-diiodothyronine to 3'-monoiodothyronine conversion in the fed and fasted rat: enzyme characteristics and evidence for two distinct 5'-deiodinases. PMID- 7227309 TI - Hormonal control of uterine growth: the effect of hypothyroidism on estrogen stimulated cell division. AB - The increase in mitotic indices of uterine luminal epithelium, stroma, and myometrium were determined as a function of time after the administration of a single dose of 17 beta-estradiol to euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism reduced the increase in the mitotic index 5-fold in the luminal epithelium, 6-fold in the stroma, and 9-fold in the myometrium. In addition to reducing mitotic indices, hypothyroidism also produced a shift of 12 h in the time course of estrogen-stimulated cell division of all uterine cell types relative to euthyroid animals. This shift in the time course of cell division was preceded by a shift in the time course of uterine DNA synthesis measured by tritiated thymidine incorporation. In contrast, hypothyroidism did not alter the magnitude or the time course of synthesis of 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate from 2 deoxyglucose after estrogenic stimulation. These results indicate that hypothyroidism decreases the ability of all major uterine cell types to undergo cell division in response to acute administration of estradiol, and also shifts the time course of the uterine growth response to the hormone. PMID- 7227310 TI - Correlated functional and morphometric study of thyroid hyperplasia induced by iodine deficiency. PMID- 7227312 TI - The effect of thyroid hormone on glycosaminoglycan accumulation in human skin fibroblasts. AB - Because the dermis of myxedematous humans is known to accumulate increased amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), we were prompted to study the effects of thyroid hormone depletion in vitro. Human skin fibroblasts were grown to confluence in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). Some cultures were shifted to a medium containing FCS depleted of thyroid hormone (D-FCS) or to a D FCS medium to which 10(-7) M triiodothyronine (T3) was added (D-FCS + T3). Cultures were then labeled for 16 h with [3H]-acetate, harvested and combined with the media. After pronase digestion, the non-trichloroacetic acid precipitable, non-dialysable material was digested with streptomyces hyaluronidase followed by chondroitinase ABC. Digestable material was separated by G-50 Sephadex column chromatography. The cultures incubated in media containing D-FCS accumulated 2.8-fold more hyaluronic acid and 2.1-fold more chondroitin sulfate than did sister cultures incubated in the presence of D-FCS + T3. The addition of T3 to the D-FCS reduced the amounts of GAG accumulated nearly to the levels observed in cultures grown in FCS. The data indicate that thyroid hormone exerts an inhibitory effect on GAG accumulation in human skin fibroblasts. This model offers the opportunity to study thyroid hormone action in vitro using an easily accessible human tissue. PMID- 7227311 TI - Two forms of rat placental lactogen revealed by radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed to the species of lactogenic hormone (rPL) present in late pregnant rat placenta. Partially purified rPL calibrated against oPRL in the rat liver receptor assay (RRA) was used as standard. None of the PL's, PRL's, and GH's from other species cross-reacted in the RIA when tested at 1000 ng/ml. Rat serum PL levels remained stable in samples stored at -70C but not at -20C. In previous studies, using RRA, two peaks of rPL were found in rat serum, one at Day 11-13 and one at Day 20. By RIA, however, only the 20,000 dalton species of rPL present in late pregnant serum was immunoreactive. The RIA did not detect the larger, 40-50,000 dalton molecular species of rPL predominant in mild-pregnant serum, thus revealing the presence of two possibly unrelated forms of rPL. Serum rPL concentrations at Day 21 of pregnancy increased exponentially as the number of fetuses increased until a maximum of nine fetus. PMID- 7227313 TI - Opiates act centrally on GH and PRL release. AB - This study was conducted in order to further understand whether the effect of opiates on growth hormone and prolactin release was exerted centrally or at least in part peripherally. Male rats were treated with morphine-HCl after pretreatment with saline with either the opiate antagonist naloxone-HCl or the quaternary derivative naloxone methyl bromide (Naloxone-Br), the latter of which does not cross the blood brain barrier. Morphine-HCl elicited a clear cut increase in prolactin and growth hormone release after pretreatment with naloxone-Br, but not after pretreatment with naloxone-HCl. Naloxone-Br, however, was able to inhibit the effect of morphine when administered directly in the brain ventricles. To further confirm these results, we administered the quaternary derivative morphine methyl-iodide (morphine-I), which unlike morphine-HCl, does not cross the blood brain barrier. Morphine-I was ineffective in eliciting growth hormone and prolactin release when administered peripherally, but was effective when administered intraventricularly. PMID- 7227314 TI - A study of the physiological role of glucagon. Passive immunization with antiserum specific for pancreatic glucagon in rats. AB - To investigate the physiological role of glucagon in the maintenance of euglycemia, the effect of the neutralization of glucagon by an antiserum specific for glucagon on blood glucose and C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) levels was studied in the basal as well as in the hyperglucagonemic states caused by hypoglycemia or an intravenous infusion of arginine in rats. The antiserum employed in this study was raised in rabbits by subcutaneous injection as a conjugate of BSA and the C-terminal fragment of glucagon. Since the antiserum was found to contain 896 ng/ml of antibody-bound glucagon, the antigen-stripped glucagon antibody was prepared. Its affinity constant and binding capacity were 2.57 x 10(10) M-1 and 147 nM, respectively. After the administration of 1 ml of the antiserum in 24-hr-fasted rats, no free immuno reactive glucagon (IRG) was detected during the experiment for 60 min. Likewise, antiserum treatment prevented a rise in the plasma IRG level following an arginine infusion and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plasma CPR levels tended to be lower in antiserum treated rats than in the control in any conditions covered by the present study. However, changes in blood glucose levels the both groups were comparable. These results demonstrate that in the presence of glucagon antibodies euglycemia can be maintained with a reduced supply of insulin. PMID- 7227315 TI - Glucagon-like substance in the canine brain. AB - Significant amounts of glucagon immunoreactivity (GI) and glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) were found in two portions of the canine brain-the hypothalamus and brain stem. Ratios of GLI to GI were low in the hypothalamus, and variable but low in the brain stem. Dilution curves of the extracts from both regions showed similar patterns to that of glucagon in radioimmunoassay using specific (30K) and cross-reacting (YG9) antisera. The hypothalamic extract contained a larger amount of 3,500 MW fraction comparable to glucagon and a lesser amount of 9,000 MW fraction resembling proglucagon. While displacement of 125I-glucagon from the rat liver cell membrane by the main fraction of the hypothalamus was compatible with that of glucagon, activation of adenylate cyclase by the hypothalamus extract was higher than glucagon and that by the extract of the brain stem was lower than glucagon. Although purification was not sufficient and specific binding of circulating glucagon to the brain has not been overlooked, the hypothalamic extract at least contains material immunologically and probably biologically resembling glucagon. PMID- 7227316 TI - Heterogeneity of immunoreactive motilin. AB - Motilin-like immunoreactivities were examined in extracts of duodena of pig, human, dog, rat, cat, rabbit and guinea pig with a combination of radioimmunoassays using three different antisera possessing distinct region specificities. Antisera GP-1103 and R-1104 were rather C-terminal specific, but the immunological feature of GP-1103 was different from that of R-1104. In the case of antiserum GP-1103, the Glu residue in position 15 in the motilin molecule participated in antigen-antibody interaction, but not in the case of R-1104. Antiserum MBR-02 was N-terminal specific, with of the three assay systems, only a single major peak was detected in the elution profile from BioGel P-10 column of motilin-like immunoreactivity in the porcine duodenal extract, of which the elution volume corresponded to that for synthetic porcine motilin. On the other hand, the gel filtration profiles of the human and canine duodenal extracts consisted of two or three peaks of the immunoreactivity. The major peak emerged in the elution volume identical with that for synthetic porcine motilin and the other two peaks were eluted earlier. The peak which was eluted in the volume corresponding to that for BSA marker was detectable only by the assay system with N-terminal specific antiserum MBR-02. The immunoreactivity of the major peak component in the human, canine or rat extract was found to be lower than that in the porcine extract. The present data may indicate the existence of heterogeneity of motilin-like immunoreactivity and species variation of the structure of the immunoreactive motilin. PMID- 7227317 TI - Plasma motilin levels in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus and certain other diseases. Fasting levels and responses to food and glucose. AB - Plasma motilin levels were measured by dextran-charcoal radioimmunoassay in normal subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus and certain other disorders. Fasting plasma motilin in normal subjects determined by a single blood sampling varied considerably within a range of 50 to 545 pg/ml. Repeated blood sampling revealed cyclic fluctuations in plasma motilin during fasting, with a peak appearing between an interval of 100 to 120 min which was accompanied by gastric contraction as determined with a balloon inserted into the stomach. Meal ingestion caused a transient but significant rise in plasma motilin, followed by a progressive decrease with an absence of the secretory episode. On the other hand, plasma motilin levels decreased, without an initial increase, following oral and intravenous glucose loading. Fasting plasma motilin levels were significantly elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus, and chronic liver diseases but within normal limits in patients with acromegaly and hyperthyroidism. Repeated blood samplings showed cyclic fluctuation in plasma motilin levels in diabetic patients. Levels rose after meal ingestion to a peak higher than that in normal subjects and remained higher until 120 min. In summary, 1) fasting plasma motilin levels in normal subjects varied considerably because of cyclic fluctuations, 2) meal ingestion caused a transient rise in plasma motilin, followed by a decrease, whereas glucose administration produced only a decrease, 3) plasma motilin levels were elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7227318 TI - Serum motilin in gastrointestinal diseases. AB - In order to investigate the possible involvement of gastrointestinal hormones in functional disorders of the digestive tract, serum motilin, neurotensin and gastrin levels in their response to oral intake of fat and glucose were examined in patients with irritable colon syndrome and dumping syndrome. The following results were obtained. (1) Basal serum motilin levels were higher in patients with irritable colon syndrome than in normal subjects, and remained high after ingestion of either 50 g of butter or 50 g of glucose. (2) No consistent response in serum neurotensin levels was found in patients with irritable colon syndrome or in normal subjects. (3) An immediate increase in serum gastrin levels was found in response to fat ingestion both in patients with irritable colon syndrome and in normal subjects, but there was no difference between these two groups. (4) In a patient with typical dumping syndrome, a markedly high level of fasting serum motilin was found, and the level increased further after the oral intake of glucose. These findings suggest that motilin may be involved in the irritable colon syndrome and dumping syndrome. PMID- 7227319 TI - Actions of motilin on gastrointestinal motility and plasma immunoreactive motilin concentration in interdigestive and postprandial states. AB - Among biological actions of motilin on gastrointestinal motility, its action to induce phase III, activity front, of interdigestive myoelectric complex (IMC) appears to be of physiological significance. Synthetic motilin in a dose as little as 0.06 microgram/kg-h was shown to induce phase III in dog. A cyclic increase in fasting plasma immunoreactive motilin concentration (PIMC) occurred in phase III in dog and in a later part of phase II in man, suggesting strongly that there is an intimate relationship between cyclic increase in fasting PIMC and IMC. The observation also suggested that gastric acid secretion increases in phase II and phase III of IMC. The cyclic increase in the acid secretion may be related to a coincidental cyclic increase in PIMC. Ingestion of a meat meal results in a significant decrease in PIMC and abolishes the cyclic increase in PIMC, while IMC changes to digestive pattern after a meal. The significant decrease in PIMC is not attributed to the 3 known gut hormones including gastrin, octapeptide of CCK and secretin. PMID- 7227320 TI - A comparison of secretory actions of VIP, secretin and CCK-PZ in the isolated and perfused kitten pancreas. AB - Secretory actions of VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide), secretin and CCK-PZ (Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin) were compared in the isolated and perfused kitten pancreas. Perfusion of the isolated kitten pancreas with a solution containing 20 mU/ml CCK-PZ resulted in gradual hyperpolarization of the pancreatic acinar cell. CCK-PZ induced a dose-dependent increase in the pancreatic protein output and a small but definite increase in the flow of pancreatic juice which was also dose dependent upon CCK-PZ. Secretin and VIP induced a dose-dependent increase in the flow but a negligible increase in the pancreatic protein output. The estimated ED50 for VIP was 1.5 nM which was 5 times as large as the estimated ED50 for secretin. A considerable amount of VIP, which corresponded roughly to the activity of exogenous 0.6 nM VIP, was spontaneously released from the isolated kitten duodenum into the portal vein, and this VIP release was nullified during vascular perfusion with a Ca-deficient solution. With respect to these and other results, we will propose a view concerning a possible role of VIP in controlling the function of the exocrine pancreas. PMID- 7227321 TI - Hemodynamic response of the pancreas to synthetic chicken VIP in dogs. AB - The effects of synthetic chicken VIP (an octacosapeptide corresponding to the entire sequence of chicken VIP) on pancreatic blood flow and on systemic arterial pressure was examined in dogs. The relationship between pancreatic blood flow and systemic arterial pressure in response to synthetic chicken VIP was also investigated. Pancreatic blood flow increased promptly and significantly with exogenous synthetic chicken VIP. Synthetic chicken VIP administered in graded doses resulted in dose-dependent increases in both the peak rate of the pancreatic blood flow and the duration of the response of the pancreatic blood flow. Graded doses of synthetic chicken VIP also elicited both a graded increase in the systemic systolic pressure and a decrease in the systemic diastolic pressure. Therefore, synthetic chicken VIP given in graded doses resulted in a dose-dependent augmentation of the maximum pulse pressure. Pancreatic blood flow increased despite a fall in the systemic arterial pressure in response to synthetic chicken VIP. This increase in blood flow lasted significantly longer than the changes in the systemic arterial pressure. It was clarified in this study that synthetic chicken VIP has a biological effect on both the pancreatic blood flow and the systemic arterial pressure. The results of our experiments also suggest that synthetic chicken VIP itself may directly induced vasodilatation of the local vessels in the pancreas. PMID- 7227322 TI - Effects of VIP in the female genital tract. AB - Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) has been demonstrated in the female genitourinary tract, localized in neurons which seem to innervate vessels and non vascular smooth muscle. The present work has demonstrated that the concentration of immunoreactive VIP varies between different mammalian species and within the genital tract of the same species. Using various in vivo and in vitro preparations the peptide was found to have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the myoelectrical activity and contractility of the uterine muscle, and to increase myometrial blood flow. The findings support the hypothesis that VIP may play a physiological role in the local control of uterine motility and blood flow. PMID- 7227323 TI - Level of glucocorticoid receptors in male rat liver under stress. AB - The binding of dexamethasone and corticosterone by specific glucocorticoid cytoplasmic liver receptors has been studied in intact, adrenalectomized and stressed male Wistar rats. The dissociation constants measured for receptor hormone complexes were 7.2 x 10(-9) M for dexamethasone and 5.0 x 10(-9) M for corticosterone. Under 48 hour immobilisation stress, the number of binding sites on a dexamethasone-binding receptor was found to diminish from 2.9 x 10(-13) mol/mg protein (for intact rats) to 0.8 x 10(-13) mol/mg protein (for stressed rats). The amount of binding sites on a transcortin-like receptor decreased from 10 x 10(-14) mol/mg protein (in the intact rats) to 2.8 x 10(-14) mol/mg protein (in the stressed ones). Thus above data indicated certain reduction in binding site number for dexamethasone and corticosterone on the specific cytoplasmic receptors of rat liver under immobilisation stress. PMID- 7227324 TI - Variations of lysosomal enzymes in different parts of rabbit Fallopian tube during ovum transport. AB - Some lysosomal enzymes (viz., acid DNase, acid RNase and beta-glucuronidase) were estimated in different parts of the rabbit Fallopian tube during different hours post coitum (p. c.). At estrus, alterations of acid RNase and beta-glucuronidase were observed in different anatomical segments of the Fallopian tube but acid DNase was undetectable. When these enzymes were compared at different hours p.c., it was noticed that when the ovum reaches ampullary (A), ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ) and isthmic (I) segments of the Fallopian tube at the respective hours 14, 24 and 70, the acid DNase activity showed increased value in these parts when compared to their preceding groups. Acid RNase also showed similar type of pattern except that it was not altered at 14 hr p. c. At 144 hr p. c. both the enzymes had no significant alteration over 70 hr value, beta glucuronidase, however, did not show this type of pattern in all the segments till 144 hr p. c. The increased activity of acid RNase and DNase in AIJ and I segments of the tube till 70 hr p. c. suggests the increased lysosomal activity in the tubal fluid produced by secretory cells. The possible involvement of these lysomal factors in the process of fertilization and preparation of ovum prior to implantation is suggested. PMID- 7227325 TI - Effects of total fasting in obese women. IV. Response of serum triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) to administered T3. AB - Serum levels of T4, T3, rT3, RT3U and TSH were estimated in 12 obese women in the course of a 14-day fasting. Seven of these patients were treated with T3 in a daily dose of 60--80 micrograms. Fasting led to a small increase of serum T4, while fasting combined with T3 administration was accompanied by a small decrease of serum T4. Serum T3 decreased in the course of the first 2 days of fasting to 40--50% of initial values and remained at this low level up to the 15th day of fasting. In the T3 treated group a prompt increase of serum T3 was recorded (+80%), followed by a steady decrease, reaching the control values on day 15, in spite of a continuous T3 administration. Serum rT3 in the untreated fasting group steadily increased up to the 12th day (+43%) and then dropped below the control value (-28%). In the treated group after a non-significant increase (+22%), a decrease of serum rT3 was also observed (-42%). Fasting was accompanied by a tendency to increased serum RT3U values, in the T3 treated group no change occurred. TSH in the untreated fasting women remained practically unchanged while T3 administration was accompanied by a tendency to a transient decrease. The heart rate showed a non-significant tendency to increase in the T3 treated group and the last week of fasting was also accompanied in several patients by a larger weight loss. These results suggest that in addition to an enhanced synthesis of rT3 to the detriment of a decreased production of T3 from T4, an increased catabolism of administered T3 and of endogenous rT3 is involved in a strict calorie restriction. An abortive T3-TRH-TSH feed-back may also operate in these conditions. PMID- 7227326 TI - Administration of antisomatotropin serum in diabetes mellitus. AB - The effect of antisomatotropin serum (ASS), raised in horse against human growth hormone, on the carbohydrate metabolism of diabetics has been investigated. Among the eight diabetic patients treated so far two had GH secreting pituitary adenoma, two insulin-dependent, and four others adult onset diabetes mellitus. The glucose tolerance curve improved in all but one patient. The effect lasted for two--four weeks. Because of this short time of efficiency, the place of ASS in the definite treatment of diabetes mellitus cannot been judged so far, however, its administration in diabetic retinopathy seems to be advantageous. PMID- 7227327 TI - Conservative management of benign oesophageal strictures. AB - Over a four year period, 66 patients have undergone fibreoptic endoscopy and Eder Puestow dilatation for a presumed benign oesophageal stricture. Ten patients were subsequently shown to have carcinoma of the oesophagus. There were 121 dilatations with only one perforation, which healed with conservative treatment. Twenty eight of the 56 patients with a benign stricture have required only one dilatation with relief of dysphagia during follow-up periods ranging from 11 months to 61 months (mean 29 months). In those requiring repeat dilatations, relief has been obtained for periods ranging from two weeks to 35 months (mean 6 months). Mean time to restricture in the carcinoma group was two weeks. We conclude that the Eder Puestow method is safe, well tolerated, and less than 5% will require surgery. Strictures which recur rapidly should arouse suspicion of malignancy. PMID- 7227328 TI - Influence of an antiarrhythmic premedication on the development of premature ventricular contractions during fiberoptic gastroduodenoscopy. AB - Heart rate, blood pressure and ECG changes during fiberoptic gastroscopy were examined in 128 patients, 60 of whom had been orally premedicated with Mexiletine. 55% of the non-premedicated patients developed occasional, and 22% of this group developed accumulated or frequent, premature ventricular contractions. In the patient group with antiarrhythmic premedication, the respective figures were 25% and 8%, and in this group patients with a normal ECG developed premature ventricular contractions less frequently than patients with pathological changes in the ST segment. The antiarrhythmic premedication had no influence on pulse or blood pressure. PMID- 7227329 TI - Synopsis of endoscopic and other morphological findings in intestinal lymphangiectasia. AB - Intestinal lymphangiectasia may present as a primary congenital disorder as well as a secondary form due to numerous underlying diseases. Endoscopically, whitish swollen tips of the villi are fairly characteristic; histologically, dilatation of the lymphatics can be demonstrated. By means of electron microscopy dilated intercellular spaces with aggregation of protein precipitations as well as ectatic lymph vessels with abnormal structure are found. Possible relations to the pathomechanism are discussed. PMID- 7227330 TI - A comparative evaluation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and the secretin-cholecystokinin test in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis: a multicentre study in 124 patients. AB - A comparative evaluation of ERCP and the bicarbonate output 30 min after stimulation of the pancreas with secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, was carried out in 124 patients, of whom 65 were affected by proven chronic pancreatitis (PCP), and 59 by only suspected chronic pancreatitis (SCP). In PCP patients the false negative results were 14.7% and 21.5%, respectively. In 5 of the PCP patients with false negatives on ERCP and functional test a normal result of both the procedures was found. ERCP and bicarbonate output were found to be abnormal in 12% and 40%, respectively of 59 patients with SCP. In 30 SCP subjects both procedures gave a normal result, and only in two cases were results abnormal. A correct classification of the SCP patients with pathological bicarbonate secretion and normal ERCP seems quite impossible. The diagnostic usefulness of ERCP results is preeminent but the of carrying out both types of investigation together may give complementary information in the evaluation of pancreatic disorders. PMID- 7227331 TI - Therapeutic approaches to postoperative contracture of the vesical neck. AB - Postoperative contracture is a rare cause of the secondary obstructions of the vesical neck, besides remnants of prostatic adenomas, recurrent adenoma and prostatic cancer. It appears morphologically either as circumscribed sclerosis, as so-called sphincter sclerosis, or as extensive contracture of the entire prostatic urethra. Severe postoperative contracture with an iris-shaped membrane at the site of the internal sphincter is the most frequent form up to one year after primary surgery. The overall incidence has been given as 1.37%, of which 13.6% were refractory to therapy and recurred. Special forms of therapy are discussed. PMID- 7227333 TI - Special catheters for E.R.C.P. AB - The authors present the advantages of a needle and a metallic tip catheters allowing better success in conventional E.R.C.P. and in the cannulation of the accessory papilla. They consider these catheters as strictly necessary in the material available in endoscopic centers where E.R.C.P. is performed in routine. PMID- 7227332 TI - Orientation in endoscopy. AB - This paper is intended to help the beginner endoscopist learn to interpret the orientation of the object seen through the endoscope. This is applicable only to an endoscope with a reflecting (side view) prism at its distal end, such as a cystoscope. A proposed counterrotation device for turning the image upright is described. PMID- 7227335 TI - Unusual case of colonic sub-obstruction by giant pseudopolyposis in Crohn's colitis. AB - Giant pseudopolyposis of the colon is a very rare local complication of ulcerative and Crohn's colitis. 10 cases have been reported in the literature available to us. All the patients were surgically treated for clinical symptoms of obstruction or radiological stimulation of carcinoma. In this paper we present a peculiar case diagnosed by colonoscopy and biopsy which regressed after eight months of medical treatment. PMID- 7227334 TI - Gallstone ileus after endoscopic sphincterotomy. AB - An attack of gallstone ileus observed in a 60-year-old female patient is reported. In this patient who previously had been cholecystectomized, instant extraction of giant residual gallstones was unsuccessful despite a large endoscopic sphincterotomy. Three days later, she developed colicky abdominal pain and vomiting. At laparotomy nine days after the endoscopic procedure an impacted gallstone measuring 3.5 cm in diameter was removed from the the jejunum, some 50 cm below the ligament of Treitz. This observation demonstrates an unusual complication of endoscopic sphincterotomy and clearly outlines that very large stones can, after an initial delay, pass into the duodenum despite an apparently "unsuccessful" sphincterotomy. PMID- 7227336 TI - Perfusate composition and edema formation in isolated rat lungs. AB - The effect of perfusate composition on duration of lung perfusion until development of alveolar edema was evaluated in isolated ventilated rat lungs perfused at a rate of 25 ml/min in a recirculating system. When the perfusate was Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (KRB) alone, alveolar edema developed in 40-85 min. Addition of glucose (5 mM) slightly prolonged the time to edema while addition of 3% fatty acid-poor bovine serum albumin (BSA) extended mean survival to 3.5 hr. With KRB containing both glucose and BSA, mean survival was greater than 4 hr and three of eight lungs had not become edematous when the experiments were terminated at 5 hr. Similar results were obtained when a synthetic plasma stimulating solution (SPSS) that is essentially free of protein or other colloid was used as a perfusate. Perfusion at reduced flow rates (12 ml/min) with KRB plus glucose and BSA or with SPSS gave 5-hr survival rates of 100%. These results indicate that prolonged lung perfusion is possible with a colloid-free artificial medium and suggest that both mechanical and metabolic factors are important in maintaining isolated perfused rat lungs free of alveolar edema. PMID- 7227337 TI - Secretion of chemotaxins by guinea pig lung macrophages. I. The spectrum of inflammatory cell responses. PMID- 7227338 TI - Regional immunologic responses following localized deposition of antigen in the lung. AB - This study evaluates the immune response in individual lung-associated lymph nodes of beagle dogs after immunization in specific lung lobes. A particulate antigen, sheep red blood cells (SRBC), was used for immunization. The numbers of anti-SRBC antibody-forming cells (AFC) in the tracheobronchial and in the mediastinal lymph nodes were determined 5 days after deposition of SRBC in the left or right apical or left or right diaphragmatic lung lobes. Results indicated that translocation of the SRBC antigen to these lymph nodes was basically ipsilateral because larger numbers of antigen-specific AFC were consistently found in lymph nodes from the same side of the lung that received SRBC immunization. Of 16 dogs immunized, only two did not show ipsilateral antigen stimulation of the lung-associated lymph nodes. This variance occurred only in a single lymph node in each dog. Although the SRBC antigen induced AFC predominantly in the ipsilateral lymph nodes, some AFC were also found in the contralateral lymph nodes. The largest numbers of AFC in the contralateral tracheobronchial lymph nodes were found after immunization in the right apical or right diaphragmatic lung lobes. PMID- 7227339 TI - Fusion of pinocytotic vesicles in liquid filled lungs: a mechanism of cellular damage. AB - Lungs of anesthetized rabbits were filled unilaterally with macromolecule containing solutions (Dextran 40 and albumin) for 20 min. which generally resulted in fluid resorption from the flooded lung. Electron microscopic examination revealed the following: (1) formation of chains of vesicles, similar or identical to pinocytotic vesicles, which start from depressions or fluid immersed cellular surfaces in macrophages, or endothelial and squamous epithelial cells; and (2) formation of intracellular blisters as a result of the apparent fusion of numerous pinocytotic vesicles. Both observations seem to be augmented forms of normal phenomena. The hypothesis is advanced that the chains of vesicles are related to the increased amount of undulation of the cell surface and to cellular invaginations that follow relaxation of tensions at the surface of cells immersed in fluid. The blisters could be the result of the increase of bidirectional flow of vesicles across the squamous cells. This brings an increased risk of collision because of the absence of lysosomes in the thin cytoplasmic extensions of endothelial and squamous epithelial cells. It is concluded that, even in very early stages, flooding per se produced some form of cellular alterations with a potential for leading to more overt lung pathology such as cell death and desquamation which would greatly increase tissue permeability. PMID- 7227340 TI - The effect of SO2 on the uptake of particles by mouse bronchial epithelium. AB - In three experiments, we have explored the uptake and transport of colloidal gold (Au) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) by normal and SO2-injured bronchial epithelium. In the first experiment, mice were exposed to a 2-hr aerosol of Au; in the second experiment, mice were exposed to SO2 (250 ppm) for 3 hr, then to Au; and in the third experiment, mice inhaled SO2 and then were exposed to Fe2O3. In each experiment, animals were killed at 0 hr, 1 day, and 4 days postexposure. From each animal, samples of large airways were examined by electron microscopy, and the cell type and particle location were recorded. Au was not readily taken up by the bronchial epithelium in that only two cells out of 1162 contained particles. No Au was seen in the submucosa. Exposure to SO2 produced a mild, but nonnecrotic response characterized by an increase in mucus, vacuolated cells, detached cilia, and an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. SO2 did not affect the uptake of Au; 2 out of 1177 epithelial cells contained Au. However, gold did reach the submucosa. Results from the SO2 plus Fe2O3 experiment were compared to a previous study of similar design in which mice were exposed only to Fe2O3. SO2 increased the uptake of iron and affected the distribution of intracellular iron among the different cell types. It is possible that increased iron uptake is due to either injury or to changes in particle solubility produced by the SO2. PMID- 7227341 TI - Uptake of 3H prednisolone by fetal lung explants: role of intercellular contacts in epithelial maturation. AB - Epithelial maturation in the developing lung is accelerated by glucocorticoids and it has been suggested that a fibroblast-derived factor may be important in regulating this response. In the present study, uptake of 3H prednisolone by cultured explants of fetal rat lung is used to correlate cellular location of the steroid with changes in epithelial--mesenchymal cell relationships at different stages of development. At days 17 and 18 of gestation, there is substantial incorporation of steroid by epithelial and interstitial cells with no morphologic evidence of accelerated maturation. At days 19 and 20, uptake of prednisolone is maximal with preferential incorporation by Type 2 cells which now contain an increased number of lamellar bodies. In the bronchioles, steroid uptake is observed in Clara cells but not in ciliated cells. Lung development results in a progressively closer anatomic relationship between alveolar epithelial and interstitial cells and at the time of maximal steroid response, day 19-20, narrow "gap junctions" are observed between these cell types. The results suggest that, although steroid is bound to several cell types from an early stage of development, the effects on epithelial maturation occur relatively late in gestation when close epithelial-mesenchymal cell contacts are made. PMID- 7227342 TI - Competition between platelets and lung for 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake. AB - The pulmonary endothelial cell removes 5-5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from the circulation by a process of uptake and metabolism. The platelet, the major source of 5-HT in the circulation, represents another potential site of uptake for this amine. Platelet uptake of 5-HT infused into the pulmonary circulation was evaluated using isolated ventilated rat lungs. Lungs were perfused with buffer, platelet-poor, platelet-rich, or thrombin-treated platelet-rich plasma followed by an infusion of (14C) 5-HT. Platelet counts, aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate, and in vitro uptake of 55-HT were unchanged after circulation through the lung. In the presence of buffer or platelet-poor plasma, the lung removed 65.5 +/- 1.4% and 67.8 +/- 0.8%, respectively, of the infused (14C) 5-HT. In the presence of platelet-rich plasma, the lung removed 51.3 +/- 3.0 and platelet fraction 30.1 +/- 1.4% of the infused (14C) 5-HT. Recently aggregated platelets removed 24.4 +/- 1.8%, whereas platelets exposed to low oxyygen tensions removed 14.7+/- 0.6% of the (14C) 5-HT. These results indicate that 5-HT released inot the pulmonary circulation is either taken up by the endothelium and metabolized or taken back up by the platelet and stored. PMID- 7227343 TI - Ultrastructure of the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell of mammalian lung: I. A comparison of rabbit, guinea pig, rat, hamster, and mouse. AB - The morphologic characteristics have been used to define the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial: (1) abundance of agranular endoplasmic reticulum (AER) and (2) numerous membrane-bound ovoid granules. To quantitatively and qualitatively assess the ultrastructural homogeneity of this lung cell type among laboratory mammals used in lung research, we examined tissue from adult male rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, hamsters and mice. Following fixation by airway infusion at constant pressure (30 cm H2O), lungs were processed by a selective embedding technique and bronchioles of known anatomic location were examined by electron microscopy. Nonciliated bronchiolar epithelium of all five species contained avoid granules and abundant AER. Granules were most abundant in the rat (11.1 +/- 8.8 per cell) and least in the hamster (4.4 +/- 5.2 per cell). Granules were largest in hamster (0.72 +/- 0.25 micrometer) versus 0.44 micrometer or less in the other species. Granules were of uniform electron density except in the guinea pig. AER spherical mitochondria with few cristae were present only in mice, rabbit, and guinea pig. We concluded that there was considerable interspecies variation in abundance, size, and morphology of the granules, in abundance and distribution of AER; and in mitochondrial morphology. PMID- 7227344 TI - Ultrastructure of the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell of mammalian lung. III. A study of man with comparison of 15 mammalian species. AB - Two morphologic characteristics have been used to define the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cell: (1) abundance of agranular endoplasmic reticulum (AER) and (2) numerous membrane-bound ovoid granules. In this study, we examined lobectomy specimens from three nonsmoking humans: one male (9.5 yr) and two females (62 and 43 yr) for comparison with lung specimens from mammalian species used as experimental models in lung research. Following fixation by airway infusion at constant pressure (20 cm), lung tissue was processed by a selective embedding technique and bronchioles of known anatomic location were studied by electron microscopy. Nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells of man contained numerous membrane-bound granules (averaging 6 per cell) in the apical cytoplasm and abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER), AER was not observed. Granules averaged 0.3 micrometer in diameter and contained a fine granular matrix and parallel tubular arrays. After comparing these features in man with those of fifteen other species, we concluded that there is a great deal of interspecies variability in the cellular morphology of the nonciliated epithelial cell of distal conducting airways in mammalian lung. Three categories of this cell were observed: (1) with abundant granules and AER, characteristic of rabbit, guinea pig, rat, hamster, mouse, horse, sheep, and pig; (2) with abundant granules of GER, but no AER, characteristic of man and other primates; and (3) with few granules, little AER, and abundant glycogen, characteristic of steer, dog, cat, and ferret. PMID- 7227345 TI - Glycoprotein synthesis by an established cell line from hamster tracheal epithelium. AB - A cloned cell line, HTE-B, derived from hamster tracheal epithelium, synthesizes and secretes labeled glycoproteins in tissue culture. The glycopeptides derived from these glycoproteins by papain treatment are chromatographically and electrophoretically indistinguishable from those derived from glycoproteins secreted by cultured tracheal explants from rats or humans. The availability of this cell line should allow us to greatly increase our understanding of the mechanisms of glycoprotein synthesis and secretion by respiratory epithelial cells, and the underlying control mechanisms governing these processes. PMID- 7227346 TI - Additional considerations concerning the effects of 'warm' and 'cool' wall colours on energy conservation. PMID- 7227347 TI - Determination of the functional residual capacity during exercise. PMID- 7227348 TI - Physical fitness and mental performance during and after work. PMID- 7227349 TI - Physiological responses to weight lifting in different planes. PMID- 7227350 TI - Movement control characteristics of aiming responses. PMID- 7227351 TI - Psychophysiological effects of repetitive tasks. PMID- 7227353 TI - Heart rate variability in relation to psychological factors. PMID- 7227352 TI - The effects of deprivation of cigarette smoking on psychomotor performance. PMID- 7227354 TI - The effect of handgrip span on isometric exercise performance. PMID- 7227356 TI - Mechanical energy analyses of the human during local carriage on a treadmill. PMID- 7227355 TI - The relation between performance in throwing task and work-induced activation. PMID- 7227357 TI - Assessment of physical fitness of sedentary and physically active male college students by a modified Harvard step test. PMID- 7227358 TI - Inhibition of individual fingers during grip strength exertion. PMID- 7227360 TI - A new aesthesiometer for investigating vibration white finger (VWF). PMID- 7227359 TI - Decrease in grip strength induced by simultaneous bilateral exertion with reference to finger strength. PMID- 7227361 TI - Thermal responses to exercise in children. PMID- 7227362 TI - Physiological evaluation of the resistance to evaporative heat transfer by clothing. PMID- 7227363 TI - The influence of effectors on the refolding (reactivation) of immobilized trypsin. AB - The refolding of immobilized trypsin in the presence of various effectors of its enzymatic activity has been studied. Trypsin covalently bound to Sephadex G-200 was made to unfold in a concentrated solution of urea; at the same time its S-S bonds were split with the help of dithiothreitol. The preparation was then separated from the splitting agents, and one of the effectors of the enzymatic activity of trypsin (boric acid, benzamidine, pancreatic or soybean inhibitors of trypsin, N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester, and N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester) was added and the reactivation of immobilized enzyme was studied in the absence of catalysts of thiol-disulphide exchange. The following effects were found. 1. The reactivation of immobilized trypsin in the presence of specific substrates or protein inhibitors proceeds with the same yield (2-5%) as in their absence. 2. In the presence of benzamidine or boric acid (competitive inhibitors) the reactivation yields of the immobilized trypsin increased 5-fold and 12-fold respectively, and became equal to 15% and 40%. Comparison of these results with the statistical probability of formation of the six native S-S bonds from twelve SH groups (approximately 0.01%) shows that if trypsin is made to refold in an immobilized state in the presence of a 'good' effector, the yield of the reactivation of the enzyme can be increased several thousand times. 3. Similar effects were observed for trypsin immobilized on Sepharose 4B. A model is suggested in terms of which the influence of various effectors on trypsin refolding is explained as being a result of their ability to bind with an intermediate folded forms of protein followed by a shift of the equilibrium towards 'regular' conformers. PMID- 7227364 TI - Fluorescence polarization as a tool to study lectin-sugar interaction. An investigation of the binding of 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactopyranoside to Abrus precatorious agglutinin. AB - Polarization of ligand fluorescence was used to study the binding of 4 methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (MeUmb-Galp) to Abrus precatorious agglutinin. The binding of the fluorescent sugar to the lectin led to considerable polarization of the MeUmb-Galp fluorescence, which was also quenched by about 30% on binding to the lectin. The binding of the fluorescent sugar was carbohydrate-specific, as evidenced by inhibition of both fluorescence polarization and quenching when lectin was preincubated with lactose. The association constant as determined by fluorescence polarization is 1.42 x 10(4) M 1 at 25 degrees C and is in excellent agreement with those determined by fluorescence quenching (Ka = 1.51 x 10(4) M-1) and equilibrium dialysis (Ka = 1.62 x 10(4) M-1) at 25 degrees C. The numbers of binding sites as determined by fluorescence polarization, quenching and equilibrium dialysis agree very well with one another, n being equal to 2.0 +/- 0.05. The consistency between the association constant value determined by fluorescence polarization, quenching and equilibrium dialysis shows the validity of this approach to study lectin-sugar interaction. PMID- 7227365 TI - Isolation and characteristics of human urinary sialoglycoproteins. AB - Three sialoglycoproteins (S1, S2, and S3) have been isolated from normal human urine by ultrafiltration, zone electrophoresis, gel chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography. The average yields per litre of urine were 0.39 mg (S1), 0.40 mg (S2), and 1.9 mg (S3). The isolated substances were homogeneous on ultracentrifugation both at neutral and acid pH with sedimentation coefficients of 3.6 S (S1), 2.4S (S2), and 0.93S (S3). Equilibrium ultracentrifugation gave molecular weights of 77900 (S1), 37000 (S2), and 5300 (S3). All three components were rich in carbohydrate (64 to 76%) and contained 28 to 35% of sialic acid. Alkaline borohydride degradation of component S3 yielded two sialylated oligosaccharides which were partially characterized. The origin of the isolated substances is unknown. The molecular size of S3 (Stokes' radius of 2.0 nm) is compatible with passage from the blood by glomerular filtration whereas the size of S1 (Stokes' radius of 6.5 nm) would suggest a renal origin. PMID- 7227366 TI - Generalized equations for the analysis of inhibitions of Michaelis-Menten and higher-order kinetic systems with two or more mutually exclusive and nonexclusive inhibitors. PMID- 7227367 TI - Studies of glutamate dehydrogenase. The interaction of ADP, GTP, and NADPH in complexes with glutamate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7227368 TI - Carbohydrate-labelled glycoproteins as markers of human lymphocyte subsets stimulated with mitogen and alloantigen. AB - Human lymphocytes from thymus, spleen, and blood were stimulated by concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen to incorporate radioactive thymidine and various carbohydrates. Peripheral-blood lymphocytes were also activated by alloantigen in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Incorporation of thymidine and carbohydrates was parallel in stimulated cells. Carbohydrate-labelled cells were extracted with Triton X-100 buffer and the extracts subjected to sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent autoradiography. From a comparison of the resulting glycoprotein patterns the following conclusions could be drawn. (a) The same population of thymocytes responds to all three mitogens. (b) Pokeweed-mitogen-stimulated blood lymphocytes are similar to this mitogen-responsive thymocyte population. (c) The glycoprotein pattern of pokeweed-mitogen-responsive spleen cells shows two characteristic glycoproteins, GP 50 and GP 78, and resembles that of murine B cells. (d) Whereas concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin activate identical subpopulations of T cells in the spleen, this is not the case in the blood. (e) Concanavalin-A-activated and alloantigen-activated blood lymphocytes express a glycoprotein GP 185 which is not found on phytohemagglutinin-responsive cells. (f) The kinetic relationship during alloantigen stimulation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction between the appearance of glycoprotein GP 185 and subsequent maximal killing activity in an assay using release of 51Cr makes it likely that glycoprotein GP 185 is a marker for cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 7227369 TI - Intracellular distribution of rat-liver polyribosomes synthesizing coeruloplasmin. AB - Three independent approaches (binding of 125I-antibodies to polysomes, cell-free translation of polyadenylated mRNA in a wheat germ system and hybridization of RNA with a specific complementary DNA probe) were used to study the intracellular distribution of polysomes involved in the synthesis of coeruloplasmin as well as of coeruloplasmin mRNA sequences in rat liver. It was shown that only membrane bound polysomes contain both nascent chains of coeruloplasmin and coeruloplasmin mRNA sequences. The size of coeruloplasmin polysomes is 16-18 monomers/mRNA molecule and their proportion is about 0.4-0.6% of total liver polysomes. The proportion of coeruloplasmin mRNA is 0.0025% of the total polysomal RNA and 0.29% of poly(A)-containing mRNA. These values correspond to coeruloplasmin mRNA concentration about 400-535 molecules per parenchymatous liver cell, 90% of those mRNA molecules were recovered from polysomes while the remaining 10% were from postpolysomal supernatant. PMID- 7227370 TI - Purification of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles from rabbit reticulocytes by zonal centrifugation in metrizamide. AB - A large-scale purification procedure for messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particles from rabbit reticulocyte polysomes is described. The mRNP particles were dissociated from polysomes by treatment with urea and separated by differential centrifugation under conditions of high ionic strength. Zonal centrifugation in a metrizamide buoyant density gradient was the final purification step. One major class of mRNA particle was observed. The RNA was defined as mRNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by globin production in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system. The twenty-three different proteins associated with the particle were a discrete set of proteins, which ranged in molecular weight from 175,000 to 23,500. The relative amount of each peptide in the particle was determined from a gel scan of the stained protein by computer simulation. None of the polypeptides comigrated with proteins from the 40-S and 60-S ribosomal subunits when analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7227371 TI - Chemical modifications of the active site of Streptomyces R61 DD carboxypeptidase. AB - The DD-carboxypeptidase of Streptomyces R61 is an exocellular enzyme related to the bacterial peptidoglycan cross-linking enzymes, and, like them, is inhibited by penicillin. The active-site reagents methanesulfonyl fluoride and diisopropylfluorophosphate inhibit catalytic activity and binding of penicillin G indicating the involvement of a serine residue in both processes. For methanesulfonyl fluoride the second-order rate constant (0.7 M-1 min-1) is comparable to that of classical serine proteases. For diisopropylfluorophosphate, which binds to the enzyme stoichiometrically, the second-order rate constant (1.5 M-1 min-1) is at least two orders of magnitude smaller. The arginine-specific reagents methylglyoxal, 2,3-butanedione and phenylglyoxal inactive DD carboxypeptidase in borate buffer with second-order rate constants of 70, 70 and 120 M-1 min-1, respectively. Inactivation correlates with stoichiometric binding to the enzyme. Peptidase and esterase activities are similarly affected, suggesting that substrate binding in both cases requires an arginine-carboxyl group interaction. Penicillin binding is also inhibited, but the degree of inhibition depends on the alpha-dicarbonyl side chain. Binding of alpha dicarbonyls to DD-carboxypeptidase facilitates subsequent binding of diisopropylfluorophosphate suggesting that interaction of these compounds with the active site might induce a conformational change on the enzyme making the serine residue more accessible to the modifying reagent. PMID- 7227373 TI - Synthesis, characterization and properties of ppp(A2'p)nApCp and related high specific-activity 32P-labelled derivatives of ppp(A2'p)nA. AB - T4 RNA ligase (EC 6.5.1.3) has been used to link cytidine 3',5'-[5' 32P]bisphosphate or unlabelled cytidine 3',5'-bisphosphate (pCp) covalently to the 3'-OH of individual components of 5'-triphospho-oligo[(2' 5')adenylyl]adenosine [ppp(A2'p)nA with n = 2 or 3] and adenylyl(2' 5')adenylyl(2'-5')adenosine [(A2'p)2A] to yield 5'-triphospho-oligo[(2' 5')adenylyl]adenylyl(3'-5')cytidine 3'-phosphate [ppp(A2'p)nApCp with n = 2 or 3] and adenylyl(2'-5')adenylyl(2'-5')adenylyl(3'-5')cytidine 3'-phosphate (A2'p)2ApCp], respectively. The radioactive products isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography had specific activities greater than 10(6) Ci/mol. These products were found to be effective probes for use in radiobinding and radioimmune assays for ppp(A2'p)nA and (A2'p)nA [M. Knight et al. (1980) Nature 288, 189-192]. ppp(A2'p)nA is unstable in cell-free systems and in intact cells. ppp(A2'p)nApCp, however, was found to be much more stable than ppp(A2'p)nA in extracts of rabbit reticulocytes or Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. (A2'p)2Ap, (A2'p)2ApC (reticulocyte only) or (A2'p)2ApCp were also more stable than unmodified (A2'p)2A in these systems. The results are consistent with a specific degradation pathway for ppp(A2'p)nA which proceeds from the 3' terminus. ppp(A2'p)3ApCp activated the ppp(A2'p)nA-dependent RNase and inhibited protein synthesis in a reticulocyte cell-free system at least as well as unmodified tetramer ppp(A2'p)3A, suggesting that an unmodified 3' terminus is not required for full activity in this system. In extracts from mouse Ehrlich ascites tumour or L-cells, however, ppp(A2'p)nApCp was greater than or equal to 30 fold less active (if directly active at all). PMID- 7227372 TI - Structures of the glycopeptidolipid antigens from serovars in the Mycobacterium avium/Mycobacterium intracellulare/Mycobacterium scrofulaceum serocomplex. AB - The 'C-mycosidic' glycopeptidolipid typing antigens from all serovars in the Mycobacterium avium/M. intracellulare/M. scrofulaceum complex have been examined to varying extents. Detailed analysis of those from serovars 8, 9, 16 and 25 show that the antigens consist of short acetylated oligosaccharides linked to a common fattyacyl-peptidyl-O-(3,4-di-O-methylrhamnose) 'core'. The oligosaccharide units, in a form suitable for chemical studies, were liberated as oligosaccharide alditols on treatment of the glycopeptidolipids with alkaline borohydride solution. The alditol in the reduced oligosaccharides from all sources is 6 deoxytalitol. Moreover rhamnose is also always present, indicating that a 'basal' disaccharide, rhamnosyl-6-deoxytalosyl, is always linked to the allo-threonine in the acylpeptide. In addition the oligosaccharides from the glycopeptidolipids of each serovar are distinguished by their own individualistic sugars: 3-O methylglucose in serovar 8; 2,3-di-O-methylfucose in serovar 9; 2-O-methylfucose in serovar 25; 4-O-methylrhamnose in the oligosaccharide from one of the two glycopeptidolipids in serovar 16 and apparently another rhamnosyl substituent in the other oligosaccharide. The glycopeptidolipid antigens in their structural principals, cellular location and physiological role bear a striking miniscule resemblance to cell wall components of other bacteria such as the O-antigenic and R-antigenic lipopolysaccharides. PMID- 7227374 TI - The conversion of tomato-fruit polygalacturonase isoenzyme 2 into isoenzyme 1 in vitro. AB - Polygalacturonase is extractable from ripe tomatoes in two isoenzyme forms, polygalacturonase 1 and 2. These isoenzymes have previously been shown to have substantially different properties although their polypeptides appear similar. Green fruit contain a heat-stable, non-dialysable factor capable of the conversion of polygalacturonase 2 in vitro into another isoenzyme which, on the basis of heat stability, molecular weight and density in caesium chloride, is equivalent to polygalacturonase 1. The amount of this factor extractable from tomato tissue increases during ripening. PMID- 7227375 TI - The isolation and characterisation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from human skeletal muscle. AB - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein has been purified from human skeletal muscle by a procedure involving extraction in non-ionic detergent followed by affinity purification on immobilised alpha-toxin. Purified receptor preparations had specific activities of 0.5-3.5 mumol alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites/g protein and sedimented as a single 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin-binding species in sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation with s20,w = 9.5 S. The purified protein focussed as a single sharp band at pH 5.1 when complexed to 125I-alpha bungarotoxin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified receptor under denaturing conditions showed two major protein bands with Mr 42 000 and 66 000 respectively with the occasional appearance of minor components of Mr 56 000 and 85 000. Only the 42 000-Mr band was labelled with the affinity reagent, 4-(N maleimido)[3H]-benzyltrimethylammonium. The purified receptor bound 125I-alpha bungarotoxin and d-tubocurarine with Kd values of 0.5 nM and 0.25 microM respectively. It behaved similarly to unpurified detergent-extracted human receptor in the radioimmunoassay for anti-(human acetylcholine receptor) antibodies and when injected into rabbits caused increased levels of the latter antibodies but did not cause experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7227376 TI - Stabilization of the C-terminal part of pig and horse colipase by carboxypeptidase and trypsin inhibitors. AB - Pig and horse colipases have been purified by a common procedure using trypsin and carboxypeptidase inhibitors as stabilizers. Two forms of pig colipase were identified: a predominant A1 form with about 103-105 residues, and a minor slightly degraded A2 form in which the last two C-terminal residues, Asp and Ser, were lacking. This type of degradation is considerably slowed down by carboxypeptidase inhibitors. A total of four forms of the horse cofactor were characterized: two (A1 and B1) were probably isocolipases which differed by only a few substitutions. Both contained the same number of residues (about 96), an N terminal valine and an Arg-Ser-Glu-(Glx)1,2-ArgC-terminal sequence. A2 and B2 were slightly degraded forms probably resulting from tryptic cleavage of the Arg Ser bond in the above sequence. The presence of methionine in the horse cofactor allowed fragmentation by cyanogen bromide. The C-terminal fragment was composed of 16 or 17 residues and contained no histidine. The single histidine of horse B1 was found in the intermediary fragment between Met-18 and Met-(n-17). These data show that the C-terminal parts of both pig and horse colipases are still more exposed to proteolytic degradations than the N-terminal parts. Preliminary attempts to crystallize B1 were carried out. PMID- 7227378 TI - Infantile spasms: etiological factors, clinical aspects, and long term prognosis in 200 cases. PMID- 7227377 TI - Alternate-day prednisone is more effective than intermittent prednisone in frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome. A report of "Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Padiatrische Nephrologie. PMID- 7227379 TI - Reduction of mortality rate in premature infants by substitution of thyroid hormones. PMID- 7227380 TI - In vivo recording of the glucose- and disaccharide-evoked potentials from the human jejunum in infancy. PMID- 7227381 TI - Aarskog syndrome with isolated growth hormone deficiency. AB - A 5-year-old male with the Aarskog syndrome is described. He had abnormal facies, short stature, short fingers with interdigital webbing, a saddle type scrotum and mild mental retardation. In addition, he had isolated growth hormone deficiency as evidenced by the insulin, arginine, and propranolol-glucagon tests. An arginine test after short-term stimulation with estrogen further supported this diagnosis. His mother had minor abnormalities of the hands and feet, and slight mental retardation. PMID- 7227383 TI - Familial occurrence of meconium ileus. AB - A recurrence rate for meconium ileus of 39% was found among C.F. affected siblings in a study of 488 families with at least one C.F. child born over a 24 year period. The recurrence rate was highly significant and indicated a familial trend for the occurrence of meconium ileus. The findings of the study support the existence of genetic heterogeneity in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7227382 TI - Systemic hypertension and aortic obstruction in children. AB - Congenital coarctation of the aorta and acquired idiopathic obstructive aortitis result in systemic hypertension in children. The incidence of the former disease decreases--and that of the latter condition increases--from Europe to India to Thailand. The clinical profile of coarctation of the aorta as seen in India is similar to that described in the Western literature. Patients with idiopathic obstructive aortitis are generally desperately sick because of cardiac failure or neurological complications. Although it appears to be the result of an inflammatory process, the cause of aortitis is not known. Unless the clinical characteristics of the acute illness are defined investigations are not likely to help in establishing the cause of idiopathic obstructive aortitis. PMID- 7227384 TI - Controlled fall in natremia in hypertonic dehydration: possible avoidance of rehydration seizures. AB - This prospective study comprises 40 infants with severe hypernatremic dehydration due to gastroenteritis. During the first 24h, natremia was closely monitored and infusion rates were adjusted so as to keep the rate of fall in natremia below 0.5 mEq/l/h. This could be achieved by giving a 70 mEq/l Na solution at the rate of 120 ml/kg/24 h. Rehydration was uneventful in all cases, and no convulsions were observed. PMID- 7227385 TI - Enhancement of the phototherapy effect of albumin in Gunn rats. Investigations on the optimal albumin dose. AB - In pharmacokinetic studies we proved that the efficacy of phototherapy in jaundiced Gunn rats was enhanced by administration of human albumin. The albumin injections provoked a bilirubin shift from extravascular compartments into the circulation. In this study, calculations on the optimal albumin dose were carried out. After s.c. injections a good effect could be ascertained with doses between 2 and 4 g/kg body weight. After i.v. injections effective plasma concentrations could be maintained for an acceptable time by about 2g albumin/kg body weight. When overdoses were given, a considerable amount of albumin was eliminated very quickly--especially after i.v. injections with the rapid rise of the plasma level. Clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 7227386 TI - Uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase deficiency. AB - A case of uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-Gal) 4-epimerase deficiency was discovered by mass screening of newborn infants. UDP-Gal 4-epimerase activity of red blood cells from the patient was found to be remarkably low, i.e., 7.5% of the level in normal controls at comparable ages. The parents showed intermediate values between those of the patient and controls. The enzyme activity in a specimen of liver tissue obtained from the patient by needle biopsy revealed a normal value. Subsequently, two other families with the condition were found by mass screening and these individuals were found to be heterozygotes. PMID- 7227387 TI - Dietary therapy in two patients with vitamin B12-unresponsive methylmalonic acidemia. AB - The biochemical and therapeutic responses to dietary therapy were studied in a 25 month-old girl and a 1-month-old girl with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA-emia), which was unresponsive to vitamin B12. The minimum daily intake of protein which patients could tolerate and display a good development was between 1.0 and 1.2 g per kg body weight. Supplementation with amino acid mixture devoid of toxic amino acids was required to prevent protein malnutrition when daily protein intake was restricted to 0.6 g per kg body weight. Caloric intake should be sufficient, not only to promote growth but also to prevent a rise in MMA level, especially when a patient has ketoacidosis. It was found that MMA excretion per mg creatinine in random urine specimens correlated significantly with serum MMA and twenty four hour output of MMA per kg body weight. Therefore measurement of MMA in a single urine specimen is useful for evaluating the in vivo accumulation of MMA. PMID- 7227388 TI - Maximum aerobic power and body composition during the puberty growth period: similarities and differences between children of two European countries. AB - This report gives results of a longitudinal study of two cohorts of school children in Norway and West-Germany. The rate of growth in body size and composition is identical for the two samples, but different for the two sexes, and follows closely the trend of growth which has been found for North-Europeans in general. Despite of this similarity in growth of anatomical variables the Norwegian children appeared to be superior in their maximum aerobic power at all comparable ages and in both sexes. The differences between means in maximal oxygen uptake varies somewhat with age and sex and are in the range of 5-10%. It is suggested that the mean differences between Norwegian and German children in their exercise and cardio-vascular fitness are brought about by a more physically active behavioural pattern of living in Norway. PMID- 7227389 TI - Excercise ventilation during the growth spurt period: comparison between two European countries. AB - The paper provides reference values with regard to pulmonary ventilation responses o progressively increasing bicycling up to the maximal level during the period of growth spurt. Data are based on longitudinal studies or rural Norwegian and German school children. A cluster sampling technique was used, starting with the total pupil-population at Lom in Norway at an age of 8 years, and annual tests were performed until the age of 15 years. In germany a similar pupil population was tested from age 12 until age 17 years. Functional growth curves giving means and dispersions for ventilation rates, tidal volume, respiratory frequency, ventilatory equivalent and respiratory gas exchange ratio are constructed. Norwegian and German children's developmental processes with regard to the exercise ventilation variables were compared, and revealed no significant differences. PMID- 7227390 TI - Plasma vitamin E levels and vitamin E/beta-lipoprotein relationships in small preterm infants during the early anemia of prematurity. PMID- 7227391 TI - Serum orosomucoid concentration in newborn infants. AB - Serum orosomucoid concentration was measured by laser nephelometry in 1970 serum samples collected from 1170 full term and preterm infants. The determinations were carried out in 1 h. Reference values are given: they show that the low levels at birth are influenced by gestational age. The concentrations increase rapidly during the first week in all infants, the adult values being reached by 10 months of age. High levels of orosomucoid concentration were detected in 85% of the infants with severe bacterial infections. Serum orosomucoid concentration proved less valuable in viral and parasitic infection. Twenty-six per cent of the sick infants without infection had a slightly elevated orosomucoid level which decreased rapidly. In the bacterial infections the evolution of serum orosomucoid concentration followed the clinical course. Thus serum orosomucoid concentration was a useful parameter for diagnosis and monitoring of bacterial infection in neonates. PMID- 7227392 TI - Viscosity and electrolyte concentrations in gastric juice from cystic fibrosis children compared to healthy children. AB - The viscosity of gastric juice and the concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and chloride ions were measured before and after stimulation with pentagastrin in 10 children with cystic fibrosis and compared to those in 10 healthy children of corresponding ages. The viscosity values followed the same patterns as those for the sodium and calcium ion concentrations and were higher in the cystic fibrosis group. The electrolyte concentrations in the basal and different post-stimulation fractions of the gastric juice were higher in the cystic fibrosis group. Significant differences between both groups could only be found in the electrolyte concentrations. The total secretion of each of the electrolytes was the same in both groups because along with the increased electrolyte concentration in the cystic fibrosis group there was a reduced volume of gastric juice. The dependence of viscosity on the individual electrolyte concentration is discussed. The differences in the viscosity and the electrolyte concentrations in gastric juice from the cystic fibrosis children seems to be due to changes in the process of gastric secretion and not due to the influence of swallowed saliva. PMID- 7227393 TI - Heptacarpo-octatarso-dactyly combined with multiple malformation. AB - A case of heptacarpo-octatarso-dactyly combined with cheilo-gnatho-palato schisis, hypertelorism, macroglossia, complex malformations of heart and great vessels, horse-shoe-kidney, micro-penis, and penis palmatus is described. To our knowledge, this syndrome has not yet been described in the literature. Some of the features of the case reported overlap with syndromes such as Grauhan syndrome and Meckel syndrome. PMID- 7227394 TI - Partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3. AB - A case of deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 (46,XY,del(3)(p253) is described. The patient is a youth of 18 years in an institution for the mentally retarded. Phenotypically, he presents congenital heart disease, hypertelorism, ptosis, epicanthus, blepharophimosis, strabismus, nystagmus, synophrys, low-set ears, frequent infections, epilepsy (abnormal EEG and grand mal seizures), "rocker bottom" feet, flat occiput and muscular hypotonia. The parents are healthy and with normal karyotypes. A silent allele in the GPT system was found in the mother, the propositus and 4 of the 5 siblings. PMID- 7227395 TI - Transient hypoproteinemia and hypoprothrombinemia in an infant. AB - A 7 months old infant with transient hypoproteinemia and hypoprothrombinemia is described. The hypoproteinemia is attributed to protein losing enteropathy, and transient Menetrier's disease is suggested as a possible cause for the protein loss. Assuming that this baby was not vitamin K deficient, and knowing that the mononuclear weight of prothrombin is lower than that of albumin, the hypoprothrombinemia might be due to prothrombin loss into the gut together with albumin PMID- 7227396 TI - Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in infancy. AB - A 2 1/2-month-old infant suffering from pyrexia, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia and hyperlipidemia is reported. Liver and spleen biopsies revealed mononuclear histiocytic infiltration with marked erythrophagocytosis. The girl died at 7 1/2 months of age. Her brother died in infancy with an analogous clinical picture. The parents were first cousins. The clinical presentation and laboratory findings are consistent with the diagnosis of familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. PMID- 7227397 TI - European Society for Surgical Research. 16th Congress, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7227398 TI - Value of various treatments for retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - Based on retrospective analysis of 430 cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis, a classification into various etiological groups and an evaluation of the best diagnostic approach and treatment was possible. In patients presenting moderate upper urinary dilation corticosteroids alone proved to be of value in 93% of cases. Azathioprin given in combination with corticosteroids seems to be effective. The surgical 'therapy of choice' was ureterolysis with an effective intraperitoneal transposition. Ureteral restenosis after this procedure (in 22%) occurred mainly when it was not combined with long-term corticosteroid therapy. When the lower half of the ureter is involved we favor ureterolysis, its prevesical section, complete intraperitoneal transposition and a primary psoas hitch bladder flap. PMID- 7227399 TI - The value of coagulum pyelolithotomy. AB - Coagulum pyelolithotomy is a time-saving and tissue-conserving method which minimizes the danger of small crystallizations being left behind for new stone formation. A coagulum of excellent elasticity and tenacity can be obtained from the following mixture: first syringe, 20 ml thrombocyte-enriched plasma plus 5 ml human fibrinogen, and second syringe, 1 ml thrombin plus 4 ml calcium chloride. During the last 7 years this procedure has been employed in 120 selected patients; of these 84 involved multiple stones and 36 a single stone in a dilated intrarenal system. In only six cases were there residual caliceal fragments. The risk of hepatitis seems to be negligible since (1) only HBsAG-negative plasma and blood extracts are used, and (2) a comparison of two groups of 120 pyelolithotomies, with and without the coagulum, showed only two cases of hepatitis in each group while preoperative hepatitis occurred in five and seven cases, respectively. The enzymatic action or urokinase ensures that missing fibrin particles are dissolved before encrustation can occur. All free stones are caught and extracted with the coagulum. In 23% of cases additional fragments, not indicated by preoperative X-rays, were extracted as well. PMID- 7227400 TI - Incidence and diagnostic aspects of the bladder disorders in diabetics. AB - Bladder disorders are important among the various complications of diabetes, both because of their frequency and the severe involvements they can cause to the urinary tract and ultimately to the renal function. Because they are often mild, especially in the first stage, bladder disorders call for early detection and for a judicious assessment as possible by careful investigation. The incidence of bladder disorders was studied in 50 diabetics by performing cystoscopy, micturition cystourethrography and cystometry. The results emphasize the importance of these investigations, particularly the cystometric one, in recognizing such bladder troubles before severe complications occur. PMID- 7227401 TI - Fibrous polyp of the ureter. AB - The most frequent ureteral tumors are transitional carcinoma. Benign neoplasms are uncommon. In this paper we present 6 cases of ureteral polyps, which represent 11.1% of all the tumors in our series of ureteral tumors. We have reviewed the possible etiopathogenesis and exposed the clinical characteristics. Secondary to the obstructive phenomenon and the radiologic signs, it is the tigroid appearance, the localization and the absence of total obstruction which allows the diagnostic suspicion. The treatment of choice is partial resection. Ureterostomy with peroperatory biopsy, in cases in which the malignancy is not yet established, is recommended in order to avoid unnecessary nephroureterectomies. PMID- 7227402 TI - Encapsulated urinary extravasation (urinoma) as a late complication of ureterolithotomy and pyelolithotomy. AB - The authors report three cases of encapsulated urinary extravasation as a late complication of ureterolithotomy and pyelolithotomy. Surgical treatment saved the kidney in two cases, in the third case nephrectomy had to be done. The pathological mechanism, diagnostic methods and treatment of this complication are discussed in light of the observed cases and a survey of the pertinent literature. PMID- 7227403 TI - Natural course of intimal lesions in the renal artery. An experimental study in the pig. AB - Intimal lesions were produced in 15/18 renal arteries in the pig. At follow-up angiography 3--6 1/2 weeks later, 13 of these 15 lesions had healed. Microscopic examination of 8 renal arteries revealed only minor changes in the walls. The results seem to indicate a tendency for spontaneous restitution of traumatic renal artery intimal lesions. PMID- 7227404 TI - Actions of some autonomic drugs on isolated dog quiescent ureter. AB - Actions of some autonomic drugs on upper, middle and lower portion of isolated dog ureters under quiescent state were investigated quantitatively. Noradrenaline and adrenaline at lower concentrations evoked contractions in each portion of the ureters and increased the concentration-dependent frequency and tension of these contractions, but attenuated them at higher concentrations. Phentolamine significantly depressed these contractions, while propranolol enhanced them. Phenylephrine increased the concentration-dependent frequency and tension of contractions, which were suppressed by phentolamine. Acetylcholine at higher concentrations produced contractions of the ureters, and phentolamine or hexamethonium suppressed them. The results indicate that ureteral contractions may be stimulated through an activation of alpha-adrenoceptors and be attenuated through an activation of beta-adrenoceptors, and that acetylcholine may release noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve endings through an activation of presynaptic nicotinic receptors, resulting in ureteral contractions. PMID- 7227405 TI - Prepenile Scrotum. Report of Two cases with review of literature. PMID- 7227406 TI - Detrusor hyperreflexia in multiple sclerosis: diagnosis and management. PMID- 7227407 TI - Behind the wheel training for individuals labeled moderately retarded. PMID- 7227408 TI - Adult age trends in record running performances. AB - Age trends in record running performances, over distances from 100 yards to the marathon, were analyzed for males between 40-74 years. Within event distances, an exponential model most accurately related performance time to age. In terms of this model, rate of age decline in running performance was greater for middle and longer distance events than for sprints. Within age-levels, linear and power models were highly accurate in relating performance time to event distance. A general model, that proved highly accurate in accounting for variance in performance times over the full age and distance ranges, expressed performance as the product of a power function of distance and an exponential function of age. Findings are discussed in terms of anaerobic and aerobic processes that underlie running performance at different event distances. PMID- 7227409 TI - Usefulness of stochastic analysis of body weight as a tool in experimental aging research. AB - The statistical characteristics of body weight in a number of longitudinally studied mouse populations were examined. Frequency distribution of body weights appears to be rather "fluid" (though within a strict range), changing from symmetric to positively skewed to symmetric and finally to negatively skewed as the mice pass through the stages of early maturity, middle age, and senescence. Because body weight is a highly integrated physiological variable, it is postulated that various diets which affect survivorship would affect body weight frequency distribution similarly. The data from studies with an antioxidant diet and two toxic diets support this hypothesis. In general, the effects on body weight can be assessed in a relatively short time (6-9 months) after initiation of the experiment and 4-6 months before the effect of the experimental diet is manifested in the population's survivorship, thus offering an analytical tool for considerable shortening of the duration of such studies. PMID- 7227411 TI - Age and access time for different memory codes. AB - Pairs of words were presented to young and elderly subjects for matching decisions on one of three bases: physical, acoustic or taxonomic indentity. Elderly subjects took longer for all types of decisions, especially for acoustic decisions. The only indication that the elderly were disproportionally slower for semantic decisions was for pairs requiring a "different" response, compared to decisions yielding a "same" response. These results suggest that speed of access to semantic information is not a major factor in age differences in recall following semantic or nonsemantic processing. PMID- 7227410 TI - Age differences in integrated semantic memory for abstract sentences. AB - The Bransford and Franks [4] paradigm of linquistic abstraction was used to examine age differences in the nature of stored semantic information. Twenty eight young (mean age 18.9 years) and 27 old (mean age 70.8 years) adults served as subjects. Specifically, age differences on two dimensions of memory were examined: (a) integration of related content from separate sentences and (b) retention of precise semantic content. Young and old were found to differ in the precision of retained semantic content. However, both age groups evidenced integration of information as indexed by a strong linear trend of recognition rate across sentence complexity and this trend did not interact with age, supporting the idea that both age groups showed comparable integration of abstract linguistic information into holistic ideas. The implications of these findings are considered in relation to current conceptualizations of age differences in memory, and new directions for research are proposed. PMID- 7227412 TI - Coincidence-anticipation accuracy across the life span. AB - Improvement in response speed through young adulthood and decline in older adulthood has been consistently demonstrated. There is indication of a similar trend in coincidence-anticipation accuracy, wherein the performer predicts the arrival of a moving stimulus at a target point, although performance appears to plateau earlier and performance by older adults has not been studied. Four age groups, 7-9, 11-13, 18-32, and 60-75 years, were observed on a coincidence anticipation task requiring a thumb-press response and on a maximal response-time task. Speeds of the sequential-light stimulus of the former were 2 through 5 MPH. While findings confirmed age trend in response speed, only the youngest children performed significantly poorer than the others in coincidence-anticipation accuracy. More variable or less accurate performance at extreme stimulus speeds characterized this youngest group. A more sedentary group of adults, 64 to 86 years, was tested in a follow-up experiment. The analysis indicated that older adults showed little directional bias but performed less accurately and more variably than young adults. PMID- 7227413 TI - Risk taking through the adult life span. AB - Research on aging in general and on cautiousness in adulthood in particular has been plagued by several problems including (a) drawing of samples from the extremes of the adult age range; (b) relying on single criterion variables; and (c) paucity of data on the psychometric properties of scales. In the present study, three measures of risk taking were administered to a sample ranging from 18-78 years old. Reliability estimates indicated that the Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire had low reliability, both absolutely and in comparison to the vocabulary Risk Test and the Risk Taking Questionnaire. Convergent validity analyses indicated that the Choice Dilemma Questionnaire was substantially correlated with the Risk Taking Questionnaire but not with the Vocabulary Risk Test. Age differences were found only on the Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire using dichotomous scoring. Results suggest that properties of the scale may, in part, account for observed age differences in risk taking scores on the Choice Dilemma Questionnaire. The currently popular notion that people become more cautious as they grow older was challenged and directions were provided for future research. PMID- 7227414 TI - Formal aspects of theories of development. AB - The presentation of theories of adult development and aging in terms of their formal aspects can promote precision and clarity in theory construction, facilitate communication between subdisciplines of gerontology, provide a vehicle for the heuristic impact of theories and models upon each other, and alert older persons, practitioners, and researchers that there is a variety of models available for describing social and psychological changes. Theories may be categorized as simple or cumulative sequences, the latter permitting within person response variation, and as disjunctive or conjunctive sequences, the latter implying the some characteristics are subordinate to others. These categories are illustrated with familiar examples from social, personality, and cognitive development, with particular attention given to the formal aspects of Erikson's theory. PMID- 7227415 TI - Short term induction of preneoplastic nodules in the rat liver. I. The role of 2 AAF as selecting agent. PMID- 7227416 TI - Blood coagulation changes in JW sarcoma, a new metastasizing tumour in mice. PMID- 7227417 TI - Intracellular penetration of liposomes containing a water insoluble antimitotic drug in L1210 cells. PMID- 7227420 TI - In vivo tumor response to single and multiple exposures of adriamycin. PMID- 7227418 TI - Changes in spleen morphology and lymphoid cell activity during tumor progression. PMID- 7227419 TI - Achievement of long duration methotrexate exposure with concurrent low dose thymidine protection: influence of methotrexate pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7227422 TI - Variations in the level of the pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein in patients with gynaecologic cancer. PMID- 7227421 TI - Actinomycin D absorbed on polymethylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles: increased efficiency against an experimental tumor. PMID- 7227423 TI - Determination of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA) in plasma and urine by high pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7227425 TI - Central nervous system involvement in sarcoma. A presentation of 12 cases, a review of the literature, and a discussion of possible changing patterns with the use of chemotherapy, placing special emphasis on embryonal tumours. PMID- 7227424 TI - Batch assay method evaluation of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor. Relative immunity of hydroxylapatite method from errors of measurement. PMID- 7227427 TI - Induction of thermotolerance and sensitization in CHO cells by combined hyperthermic treatments at 40 and 43 degrees C. PMID- 7227426 TI - Collaborative investigation in infectious diseases. PMID- 7227428 TI - The interaction of liposomes with cells: the relation of cell specific toxicity to lipid composition. PMID- 7227429 TI - A methotrexate insensitive variant of folate reductase present in two lines of methotrexate-resistant L5178Y cells. PMID- 7227430 TI - Carminomycin (NSC-180024): a phase I study. PMID- 7227431 TI - Antitumoral effect in mice of a new triepoxyde derivative: 1, 3, 5-triglycidyl-s triazinetrione (NSC 296934). PMID- 7227433 TI - Growth of testicular neoplasm lung metastases: tumor-specific relation between two Gompertzian parameters. PMID- 7227432 TI - Long-term effects of progesterone or diethylstilbestrol with or without estrogen after maturity on mammary tumorigenesis in mice. PMID- 7227434 TI - In vitro adriamycin sensitivity test and hormonal receptors in primary breast cancer. PMID- 7227435 TI - Serum deoxyribonucleases in patients with breast cancer. PMID- 7227437 TI - Effect of DDMP (2, 4-diamino-5-3', 4'-dichlorophenyl-6-methylpyrimidine) on brain gliomas--a phase II study. E.O.R.T.C. Brain Tumor Group. PMID- 7227438 TI - Reduced procoagulant activity of Lewis lung carcinoma cells from mice treated with warfarin. PMID- 7227436 TI - Urine estrogen profiles in European countries with high or low breast cancer rates. PMID- 7227439 TI - Suppression of an ascitic rat hepatoma with cord factor and Nocardia cell wall skeleton in squalene emulsions. PMID- 7227440 TI - High yield of primary serially transplanted hamster renal carcinoma: steroid receptor and morphologic characteristics. PMID- 7227442 TI - The binding of tamoxifen to human mammary carcinoma cytosol. PMID- 7227443 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen in pleural effusions: a diagnostic and prognostic indicator. PMID- 7227441 TI - Inhibition of T4 bacteriophage yield by 9-anilinoacridines; comparison with in vivo antitumour activity. PMID- 7227444 TI - Leucine metabolism in skeletal muscle of the tumour-bearing rat. PMID- 7227445 TI - Increased sialic acid in "blocked" lymphocytes and correlation of spontaneous release with clinical state. PMID- 7227446 TI - VP16-213 as a single agent in advanced testicular tumors. PMID- 7227447 TI - Sequential morphogenesis of liver tumors in mice given benzidine dihydrochloride. PMID- 7227448 TI - Resistance to growth of 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC)-induced primary tumours in BALB/c mice following pregnancy or immunization against foetal tissues. PMID- 7227449 TI - Adriamycin effect on the Lewis lung carcinoma. Comparison between the original line and its derivative subline. PMID- 7227450 TI - Natural antitumour cytotoxicity of mouse lymph node cells; characterization and specificity studies. PMID- 7227451 TI - Solution chemistry studies of adriamycin--iron complexes present in vivo. PMID- 7227452 TI - Enhanced thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats during development of hypertension. AB - Arachidonic acid (AA)-induced pressor response and production of thromboxane YXB2, the stable metabolite of TXA2, prostaglandin (PG)-like substance (PLS) and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha the stable metabolite of prostacyclin (PGIs), were studied using isolated, perfused kidneys of 6- and 18-week old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats (RHR) and DOCA/salt hypertensive rats (DOCA/salt HR). The AA-induced pressor response and release of TXB2 were highest in the 6-week old SHR, whereas, the release of PLS and 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha was marked in the 18-wek old SHR and the established hypertensive stages of both RHR and DOCA/salt HR. In the kidneys of SHR and WKy, exogenous TXA2 induced a severe vasoconstriction and there was a positive correlation between the AA-induced pressor response and the release of TXB2 or PLS. Thus, the initiation of hypertension in SHR may follow an accelerated synthesis of TXA2 against PGI2 in response to stimuli which induce a release of AA. PMID- 7227453 TI - Effect of dantrolene sodium on the contractility of rabbit jejunum in vitro. AB - The effect of dantrolene sodium on the spontaneous contractions of rabbit jejunum was studied in vitro. Dantrolene sodium (4.5 x 10(6) to 4.5 10(4) M) reversibly decreased the amplitude of contractions in a dose-dependent manner. ED50 was found to be about 7.9 x 10(-5) M. Its effect was biphasic in that a period of potentiation preceded that of suppression of contractions. Lowering or increasing (2.5 fold in each direction) the calciumm concentration of bathing media did not affect the suppression of contraction caused by dantrolene sodium to any significant degree. Caffeine but not quinine was found to be able to restore the activity of the intestine to normal after a 50% inhibition caused by dantrolene sodium. Dantrolene sodium, verapamil and nifedipine were able to shift the dose response curves of calcium in potassium-polarized rabbit jejunum to the right and pA2 values were found to be 4.18, 7.76 and 8.47 respectively. These data indicate that the effect of dantrolene on smooth muscle is mediated via inhibition of calciu movement across the membrane. PMID- 7227454 TI - Antiarrhythmic evaluation of verapamil, nifedipine, perhexiline and skf 525-A in four canine models of cardiac arrhythmias. AB - Verapamil, nifedipine, perhexiline and SKF 525-A (2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2 diphenylvalerate . HCL) were evaluated for cardiac antiarrhythmic activity by assessing their effectiveness in increasing left ventricular fibrillation threshold (FT) and antagonizing ouabain-induced arrhythmias (OA), 24 h post infarction arrhythmias (CLA) and aconitine-induced atrial arrhythmias. Calcium antagonistic doses (ID50) of each agent were approximated by intravenous titration of the amount of drug required to reduce the left ventricular contractile force by 50% in dogs pretreated with hexamethonium (10 mg/kg) to block autonomic reflexes. ID50 doses of calcium antagonists were found not to be universally effective in any single arrhythmia model while causing significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure and frequently producing death or convulsion. It is suggested that local anesthetic or 'class 1' action probably accounts for the antiarrhythmic effectiveness of SKF 525-A (7-20 mg/kg i.v.) in all four arrhythmia models and for perhexiline-induced increased FT and antagonism of CLA (15-20 mg/kg). Antiarrhythmic effectiveness of verapamil against OA may be due to calcium antagonism action. PMID- 7227455 TI - In vivo intraneuronal MAO inhibition in rat brain SKF 64139, comparison to other potent PNMT inhibitors. AB - SKF 64139, a potent inhibitor of adrenal and brain phenylethanolamine-N methyltransferase (PNMT), was found to have effects on catecholamines, serotonin and their metabolites in rat brain which suggest it may act as a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) 'in vivo' after acute administration. Evidence of this was obtained by observing the concurrent elevation of serotonin and depletion of its major metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), as well as depletion of the dopamine metabolites homovanillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetic acid (DOPAC) following acute administration. Additional evidence was obtained by antagonism of the increase in acid metabolites and depletion of amines following treatment with reserpine. Using the depletion of brain DOPAC as an index of MAO activity, an ED50 of 3-4 mg/kg was found for SKF 64139 as an "in vivo' MAO inhibitor. PMID- 7227456 TI - Relative activities of substances related to 5-hydroxytryptamine as depolarizing agents of superior cervical ganglion cells. AB - Membrane potential changes evoked by 5-Ht and related substances were recorded by the sucrose-gap method from rabbit ganglia superfused with Krebs solution at 20 degrees C. A solution of the substance under test was injected into the superfusion stream. The activity of 23 substances was compared to that of 5-HT in respect of depolarizing capacity. 0.01 mumol 5-HT produced a near-threshold depolarization, while 0.6-0.8 mumol induced a maximal one. Some 5-HT analogues evoked prolonged responses distinctly different from the rapid depolarization and repolarization characteristic of 6-HT, while others were inactive. Compounds di- or trimethylated at the side-chain nitrogen atom were capable in addition of activating nicotinic receptors. The results suggest that: (1) the optimal requirements for activating ganglionic 5-HT receptors are a hydroxyl group at position 5 on the indole nucleus and a side-chain bearing an ethylamine amino group; (2) methyl substituents around the terminal nitrogen atom are well tolerated and a quaternary nitrogen may increase activity at the 5-HT receptor; and (3) substitution of a methyl group at carbon atom 2 of the indole nucleus reduces activity. A limitation of the technique is the difficulty of obtaining more than one dose-response curve from a particular preparation; a reduction in potency due to lower affinity cannot be readily distinguished from one due to lower intrinsic activity. PMID- 7227457 TI - GABA enhancement of [3H]dopamine release from slices of rat striatum: dependence on slice size. AB - The effect of GABA on potassium-evoked tritium release from two sizes of ribbon of rat striatum previously loaded with [3H]dopamine was studied. GABA had no effect on the release of tritium from 100 x 100 mum ribbons but produced a dose related enhancement of potassium-evoked tritium release from 250 x 250 mum ribbons. The enhancement was unaffected by the presence of bicuculline or picrotoxin but was antagonised by tetrodotoxin. The effect of GABA was not mimicked by the GABA agonists muscimol or baclofen. The possible involvement of an interneurone is discussed. From antagonist studies the neurotransmitter released by the postulated interneurone did not appear to be acetylcholine, 5 hydroxytryptamine, glycine, glutamate or enkephalin. PMID- 7227458 TI - Peristalsis abolishes the release of methionine-enkephalin from guinea-pig ileum in vitro. AB - The release of methionine-enkephalin from superfused guinea-pig ileum has been demonstrated. Methionine-enkephalin, as measured by radioimmunoassay, was shown to be released from tissues maintained at an intraluminal pressure of O cm water (resting conditions). Increased intraluminal pressure (5 cm water) induced peristalsis and abolished the release of methionine-enkephalin. These results provide further evidence that endogenous opioids may be involved in the modulation of contractile activity in the guinea-pig ileum. PMID- 7227459 TI - Aqueous outflow pathway glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 7227460 TI - Characterization of glucose transport by cultured chick pigmented epithelium. PMID- 7227461 TI - Giant choroidal cells in the lamprey eye (Petromyzon marinus L.). PMID- 7227462 TI - Fluorescence lifetimes of chromophores in intact human lenses and lens protection. PMID- 7227463 TI - Collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in aging human keratocyte cultures. PMID- 7227464 TI - Alkylation of rat lens crystallins with iodoacetamide. PMID- 7227465 TI - Observation on the human cornea in vitro. PMID- 7227466 TI - Humoral regulation of splenic hemopoiesis in mice. AB - The effects on splenic hemopoiesis were investigated of injecting the bacterial cell wall component, lipid A, or post-lipid A serum (PLAS) into mice. Both lipid A and syngeneic PLAS caused an increase in splenic numbers of multipotential hematopoietic stem cells (CFUS), committed hemopoietic progenitor cells (CFC) of different hemopoietic lineages and morphologically recognizable hemopoietic cells of various lineages. C57BL/6 Sld/Sld PLAS had a lower stimulating effect on hemopoiesis than C57BL/6 +/+ PLAS. PLAS from pre-irradiated mice was as active as normal PLAS in elevating splenic CFC levels. Serum from mice which received irradiation only, had no stimulating effect on splenic hemopoiesis. Medium conditioned by the myelomonocytic leukemia cell line WEHI-3B elevated splenic CFC numbers of similarly to PLAS, but supernatants from long-term marrow cultures or serum of mice treated with latex or phenylhydrazine did not have such an effect. Despite its marked effect on splenic numbers of nucleated erythroid cell precursors, PLAS did not contain elevated levels of erythropoietin. PMID- 7227467 TI - Stimulation of erythroblast formation in suspension cultures of murine marrow by a factor in normal mouse serum, and its relationship to erythropoietin. AB - Addition of normal mouse serum to liquid suspension cultures of murine marrow cells resulted in dose-related increases in the number of heme-synthesizing erythroid cells. Removal of late normoblasts and reticulocytes by differential immune lysis prior to culture greatly enhanced the difference in heme synthesis between cultures with or without added mouse serum, permitting detection of as little as 1 microliter/l.5 ml of medium. Cell counts on these cultures indicated that the mouse serum factor actually stimulated formation of late normoblasts through proliferation and maturation of their precursors. The effect required either the presence of Ep in the medium, or the presence in the to be cultured cell suspensions of proerythroblasts which had been induced by or had contact with Ep prior to collection of the marrow. PMID- 7227468 TI - Regulation of red blood cell production by erythropoietin: normal mouse marrow in vitro. AB - The response of immediate erythroid precursors to timed exposures of erythropoietin (Ep) were investigated by examining the formation of murine erythroid colonies in vitro. At various times after the initiation of normal marrow cultures with Ep, enough anti-erythropoietin serum was added to neutralize the actions of the hormone for the rest of the 48 h culture period in plasma clots. Results show that a significant number of erythroid precursors develop to a mature colony after very short Ep exposures (as little as 18 min), but they account for only about 13% of the total colonies generated when Ep is active for 48 h. Only if Ep is active for more than 6 h do additional colonies form, in direct proportion to the length of the Ep exposure. Maximum erythroid colony production requires prolonged exposure to Ep, and the longer Ep is active, the larger the percentage of erythroid colonies that reach 17 cells or more. The mechanism(s) behind these two effects appear intimately connected. These results suggest the existence of two populations of Ep-responsive cells in the immediate erythroid precursor compartment of mice: (1) A CFUE pool, which is on the verge of commitment into the recognizable erythron, and requires very short Ep exposures for this entry; and (2) a "pre-CFUE" stage which feeds into the CFUE pool in the presence of Ep, and which produces colonies only after longer Ep exposures. It is proposed that the pre-CFUE response to Ep involves 1-2 self replications before entering the CFUE population. PMID- 7227469 TI - Increased megakaryocytes in the spleen during rebound thrombocytosis following 5 fluorouracil. PMID- 7227470 TI - Effect of in vitro treatment with indomethacin on mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells in culture (CFUC). Possible role of prostaglandins. AB - The effect of indomethacin (6 mg/kg daily orally for 2, 3 or 4 days) on myelopoiesis was studied in mice by estimating 1) differential cell counts of bone marrow, 2) proliferation of the CFUC in presence of GM-CSF, 3) proliferative state of CFUC after tritiated thymidine suicide. After 4 days of treatment, a rise in the recognizable myeloid precursors, an increase of both the colony forming capacity and the number of CFUC in S-phase were observed. These data suggest that indomethacin produced an hyperplasia of the committed stem cell compartment. The decrease of PGE2 amounts in bone marrow cells following treatment with indomethacin could explain the hyperplasia observed. These in vivo results are in accordance with the in vitro data which show that PG could control the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells. PMID- 7227471 TI - Pluripotent hemopoietic precursors in vitro (CFUMIX) in aplastic anemia. AB - When human marrow cells were cultured in a medium containing alpha-medium, methylcellulose, fetal calf serum, bovine serum albumin, erythropoietin, and leucocyte-conditioned medium, mixed colonies composed of erythrocytic cells and granulocytes were formed. The clonal nature of the mixed colonies was confirmed by the linear relationship between the numbers of cells plated and the number of colonies, and the absence or presence of Y-chromatin in the mixed colonies in a co-culture experiment with male and female cells. Using the methylcellulose cell culture techniques, the pluripotent hemopoietic precursors (CFUMIX) in marrow cells from 15 patients with aplastic anemia were assayed. In the control subjects of patients with iron-deficiency anemia, lymphoadenitis, reactive leucocytosis or Hodgkin's disease, 8 X 10(5) marrow cells in 4 dishes produced 12.7 +/- 6.9 (mean +/- SD) mixed colonies. On the other hand, 8 X 10(5) marrow cells from patients with aplastic anemia formed only 2.1 +/- 5.5 (mean +/- SD) mixed colonies. Furthermore, the marrow cells from 5 patients who were repeatedly receiving transfusions contained no CFUMIX which give rise to mixed colonies. The present results provided the first direct evidence that pancytopenia in most patients with aplastic anemia results from a reduced influx into the compartment of maturing hemopoietic cells from the compartment of pluripotent hemopoietic precursors. PMID- 7227472 TI - Erythroid burst size depends on size of inoculum. PMID- 7227473 TI - Influence of growth rate on the ability of hypertransfusion induced plethora to suppress erythropoiesis in the growing rat. AB - To induce different rates of growth male rats 23 days of age were places on diets containing no protein or 20% casein for 10 days. They were then divided into three subgroups which were placed on diets containing 5%, 10% or 20% casein until the end of the experimental period (day 17). Adult rats were used as controls. Rats were hypertransfused on days 8 and 9 and RBC-59Fe uptake determined on day 17. Body weight was directly correlated with the casein content of the diet in the growing rats. RBC-radioiron incorporation was also influenced by the protein content of the diet in the young rats in spite of the fact that hematocrits were over 60% in all the animals. On the contrary, 59Fe uptake by erythrocytes was not related to diet composition in the adult rats. When radioiron incorporation values were plotted against growth rate it became evident that a close direct correlation exists between erythropoiesis and growth rate in transfused polycythemic rats, indicating that the degree of suppression of red cell production provoked by hypertransfusion-induced plethora is dependent on the rate of growth of the animal, keeping with it an inverse relationship. PMID- 7227474 TI - Basophil production III: relation of histamine to guinea pig basophil growth in vitro. AB - Histamine has been measured by an isotopic enzyme conversion assay in guinea pig bone marrow cultures under conditions which stimulate basophilopoiesis. A high degree of correlation was observed between histamine values and basophil counts in suspension cultures. Cultures of normal marrow with splenic conditioned medium (CM) prepared from spleen cells of ovalbumin (OA)-treated animals or coculture of marrow cells from these animals with autologous spleen cells demonstrated rises in histamine values which paralleled basophil counts, with a mean calculated histamine of 0.3 pg/basophil. Addition to marrow cells from OA-treated animals of autologous splenic T-lymphocytes or culture of normal marrow in the presence of CM derived from PHA-stimulated splenic T-lymphocytes caused in vitro increases in histamine significantly greater than when T-lymphocyte depleted spleen cells or CM derived from the latter were used, respectively (P less than 0.02). The presence of OA in marrow-spleen cultures significantly enhanced basophilopoiesis when whole or T-enriched, but not T-depleted, spleen fractions were used (P less than 0.02). The magnitude of in vitro increases in histamine over one week was 10 30 nanograms, accompanied by appropriate increases in basophils in CM-stimulated normal marrow cultures. From these data it can be concluded that histamine is an independent criterion of basophilopoiesis in vitro. An entirely new population of histamine-synthesizing cells appears to arise over 1 week in vitro under conditions of antigen or T-cell product stimulation. PMID- 7227475 TI - Red cell egress from bone marrow in state of transfusion plethora. AB - Marrow sinuses have been shown to undergo rhythmic dilatations and this has been suggested as a mechanism controlling cell egress from the marrow. Within the rigid frame of bone where the volume of the marrow is fixed, dilatation of sinuses can only lead to the displacement of cells into the lumen. The absence of tight junction between sinus endothelial cells is thought to permit the overlapping segments of these cells to slide over one another. To test this hypothesis, the length of overlapping segments between endothelial cells was measured before and after the induction of transfusion plethora and this was correlated with the magnitude of reticulocyte traffic across the sinus wall. Within one hour after the induction of plethora, marrow sinuses were dilated, packed with red cells, and the mean length of overlapping segments was reduced significantly from 0,75 micrometer to 0.41 micrometer. This was associated with a decline in the magnitude of reticulocyte transit across the wall (0.73 vs 0.13/mm). These observations are consistent with the theory that the overlapping segments of sinus endothelial cells can slide over each other to change the luminal caliber. Transfusion plethora results in a sustained maximal dilatation of sinuses, thus preventing their rhythmic changes necessary for cell delivery into the circulation. PMID- 7227476 TI - Characterization of murine erythroid progenitors with high erythropoietin sensitivity in vitro. AB - The microplasma clot culture system was employed to study the characteristics of late murine erythroid progenitor cells. Erythroid cluster and colony-forming cells (CFUE) were compared with regard to erythropoietin sensitivity, cell-cycle activity, response to hypertransfusion-induced plethora, average cell size, temporal kinetics of in vitro cluster or colony formation, and relative frequency in murine bone marrow. Results indicate that erythroid cluster-forming cells represent a stage of differentiation which is further along the erythroid pathway than CFUE and are nearly 6-fold more sensitive to the hormone. PMID- 7227477 TI - Prostaglandin-mediated enhancement of erythroid colonies by marrow stromal cells (MSC). AB - Marrow stromal cells (MSC) released a diffusible substance in split-phase culture that enhanced the response of erythroid colonies to erythropoietin when MSC were present in small numbers and suppressed when they were present in large numbers. Incremental concentrations of indomethacin inhibited the enhancement, but it did not suppress growth of MSC colonies. Radioimmunoassay of conditioned media demonstrated that MSC produced E-type prostaglandin (PGE) that was inhibited by non-lethal concentrations of indomethacin sufficient to suppress MSC enhancement of erythroid colonies. Finally, when increasing concentrations of PGE2 were added to cultures, erythroid colonies were enhanced at levels similar to those produced by small numbers of MSC which enhanced and suppressed at higher levels, producing a biphasic curve similar to that noted with increasing numbers of MSC in the underlayer. These data support our hypothesis that E-type prostaglandins are released by marrow stromal cells (MSC) to mediate the enhancement and suppression of erythroid colonies, in vitro. PMID- 7227478 TI - Characterization of a thrombocytopoietic-stimulating factor from kidney cell culture medium. AB - The chemical characteristics of a thrombocytopoietic-stimulating factor (TSF or thrombopoietin) found in serum-free kidney cell culture medium were further delineated by subjecting the TSF-rich medium to varying temperatures, different pH, and trypsin digested; the ability of TSF to bind lectins on affinity chromatography was also determined. After treatment, the TSF was assayed in immunothrombocythemic mice by its ability to increase the incorporation of 35S sodium sulfate into newly formed platelets. TSF appeared to be relatively heat stable; incubation of TSF for 16 h at temperatures of 4, 37, and 56 degrees C showed no loss of TSF activity. However, after incubation at 85 degrees C, TSF was completely inactivated TSF in culture medium was stable of pH 1-8. Above these pH values, the potency of the TSF material decreased sharply. Digestion of TSF with trypsin completely destroyed the thrombocytopoietic-stimulating activity. For TSF purification, two different lectin-agarose derivatives were used; i.e., wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and concanavalin A (Con A). Both lectins bound TSF, and the hormone was eluted by the sugars specific for the particular lectin. lectins, therefore, can be used to partially purify the hormone; a further 10 to 200-fold purification was achieved by these techniques. Since other workers have shown that TSF from plasma of thrombocytopenic rabbits will bind WGA and Con A, TSF from kidney cell culture medium and TSF from animal sources appear to have similar carbohydrate compositions. PMID- 7227479 TI - Homeostatic removal of senescent murine erythrocytes by splenic macrophages. AB - Removal of senescent erythrocytes (RBC) from the circulation was investigated both in vivo and in vitro using inbred BALB/C mice as a model. Murine RBC were pulse-labeled in situ with 59Fe, and young and old peripheral blood RBC were separated by density gradient centrifugation on Percoll gradients. 59Fe labeled young RBC were found at a density of p 1.09. Forty days after 59Fe pulse labeling, 59Fe labeled RBC were found at p = 1.11 and 1.12, 59Fe labeled young or old cells were transfused into mice. Peripheral blood and spleen cell populations (i.e., macrophages, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and RBC) were assessed for radioactivity at varying time intervals after young or old RBC injection. Spleen cell populations were separated by density gradient centrifugation. The results revealed that senescent RBC were cleared more rapidly from the peripheral blood than were young RBC. and that the rate was related to the incorporation of senescent RBC by splenic macrophages. Studies performed in vitro revealed that splenic macrophages phagocytized autologous senescent RBC but not autologous young RBC. Thus, splenic macrophages can function as homeostatic regulators by selectively phagocytizing senescent cells in situ. Development of a murine model for RBC clearance studies should facilitate further studies on mechanisms of macrophage recognition of effete self RBC and other somatic cells. PMID- 7227480 TI - Close range cell:cell interaction required for stem cell maintenance in continuous bone marrow culture. AB - Stem cell maintenance in continuous bone marrow culture has been shown to be associated with close range interaction between hematopoietic cells and marrow derived adherent cells (MDAC). The extent to which the culture system is dependent upon this type of interaction has not been ascertained. Explants of non adherent mouse bone marrow cells were inoculated into culture flasks bearing established monolayers of syngeneic MDAC. Aliquots of the same suspensions were injected into diffusion chambers which were then placed in the culture vessels, along with the free suspensions. It was found that the loss of CFUS after incubation for one week was significantly greater from the diffusion chambers than from the surrounding suspensions. These differences were not observed in cultures incubated over adherent layers of xenogeneic fibroblasts. The results indicate that close range cell:cell interaction is required for stem cell maintenance in continuous bone marrow culture. PMID- 7227481 TI - Pattern recognition and radiologico-pathological correlations. PMID- 7227482 TI - Pattern recognition in radiographs of excised air-inflated human lungs. I. Circulatory disorders in non-emphysematous lungs. AB - To evaluate the patterns of normal lung tissue, alveolar and interstitial oedema, macrophage collections, haemorrhage and infarction in radiographs of excised air inflated lungs at autopsy, the distribution of these findings in 89 lungs was determined histologically on 441 sections sampled from 59 lungs selected to represent unequivocally the features in question. Normal lung tissue appeared as branching blood vessels with a delicate net-like background. Alveolar oedema gave a fine punctate opacity distributed evenly, and interstitial oedema showed as either short lines perpendicular to the pleural surface, as a network of branching narrow lines, or as long non-branching lines. Macrophage collections associated with chronic congestion showed as a coarsely punctate opacity, but this was often inconspicuous or similar to the pattern of slight alveolar oedema or slight haemorrhage. Massive haemorrhage appeared as a finely macular opacity. Fresh infarction gave a dense wedge-shaped opacity with pleural retraction and a rounded top. An older infarction was less homogeneous with more indistinct borders. The demonstration of thromboemboli without infarction was not possible. PMID- 7227483 TI - Pattern recognition in radiographs of excised air-inflated human lungs. II. Acute inflammation in non-emphysematous lungs. AB - To evaluate the patterns of bronchiolitis, alveolar pneumonia, usual interstitial pneumonia, and local interstitial inflammation in radiographs of excised air inflated lungs at autopsy the distribution of these findings in 89 lungs was determined histologically on 441 sections sampled systematically. Pathologic radiologic correlations were then studied on the basis of 33 sections from 24 lungs selected to represent unequivocally the features in question. Discrete alveolar pneumonic infiltrates measuring 2 mm or more in diameter appeared as coarse unhomogeneous macular opacities exhibiting indistinct borders and often following bronchi or bronchioli. Smaller infiltrates or pure bronchiolitis were not distinguishable radiographically. Infiltrates measuring more than 1 cm in diameter appeared confluent with a dense homogeneous centre and indistinct borders. In the midst of the opacities air-bronchograms were often and abscess cavities sometimes visible. Fulminant acute interstitial pneumonia of the usual type showed centrally a dense opacity with air-bronchograms and peripherally trabecular densities distributed non-anatomically. Between the trabecular densities there were uneven punctate opacities and expansion by air-inflation was incomplete. Local interstitial inflammation that caused thickening of the alveolar walls up to 4 time of normal was not distinguishable radiographically. PMID- 7227484 TI - Familial aggregation of abnormal ventilatory control and pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - A sex-, age-, obesity, and protease inhibitor-matched study of pulmonary function and ventilatory control was performed on 26 sons of 19 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 26 control subjects. Mean values for FEV1/FVC and V25 were significantly lower and CV/VC was significantly higher in sons of patients than in the controls. VC, airway resistance, static pulmonary compliance. delta N2, arterial blood gases and pH were not different between sons and controls. When the sons of patients were divided into two groups according to the arterial blood gases of their parents, sons of hypoxemic, hypercapnic parents showed significantly lower hypoxic ventilatory responses than sons of normoxemic, normocapnic parents. Hypercapnic ventilatory responses were not different between sons and controls. Abnormal pulmonary function and low ventilatory responses were more frequently detected in sons than in controls. The association of smoking with abnormalities of pulmonary function was not clearly seen in sons. These results suggest that familial factors (either genetic or environmental) play a significant role in determining the pathogenesis and clinical types of COPD. PMID- 7227485 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: complement and antibody damage, mediated by human eosinophils and neutrophils, in killing schistosomula in vitro. PMID- 7227486 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: ultrastructure of early transformation of skin- and shear pressure-derived schistosomules. PMID- 7227487 TI - Herpetomonas samuelpessoai: changes in cell shape and induction of differentiation by local anesthetic. PMID- 7227488 TI - Moniezia expansa: subcellular distribution, kinetic properties of acetylcholinesterase and effects of inhibitors and anthelmintics. PMID- 7227489 TI - Taenia crassiceps: serum and surface immunoglobulins in metacestode infections of mice. PMID- 7227490 TI - Plasmodium hermani: experimental transmission by Culex salinarius and comparison with other susceptible florida mosquitoes. PMID- 7227491 TI - [The use of sorbinicate in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa and IIb]. PMID- 7227492 TI - Determination of iron in drugs. PMID- 7227493 TI - [Critical considerations on the patentability of drugs recently introduced in Italy]. PMID- 7227494 TI - Optical study of tingenone solubilized in aqueous solution of sodium deoxycholate. PMID- 7227495 TI - An HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of tolbutamide and its metabolites in plasma. PMID- 7227496 TI - [Oscillopolarographic determination of acetarsol]. PMID- 7227498 TI - [The use of a new antispasmotic, rociverine, in the radiologic examination of the duodenum]. PMID- 7227497 TI - [Lead and cadmium contamination of food. I. Wheat analyses]. PMID- 7227500 TI - [2-Substituted thiazole derivatives with possible antitumor activity]. AB - Some di-N-(20-aminothiazolyl)derivatives were synthesized and then cyclyzed to give the thiazolidin-4-ones (II) and (III). All compounds were tested for their activity against the leukemic P 388 tumor system in mice. PMID- 7227499 TI - [Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of N-methylnitrone and nitrovinyl derivatives of some N-substituted 2-chloroindol-3-carboxaldehydes]. AB - N-methylnitrones and nitrovinyl derivatives from 1-substituted-2-chloroindol-3 carboxaldehydes were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Some nitrovinyl derivatives displayed good in vitro activity against Gram-positive bacteria; the compound (II e), 1-(o-chlorobenzyl)-2-chloro-3-(2 nitroethenyl)indole, was more active than nitrofurantoin against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Some structure-activity relationships are discussed. PMID- 7227501 TI - [Antiamebic properties of some derivatives of ailantone and quassin]. AB - Owing to its high toxicity, ailanthone, one of the most potent in vivo amoebicidal drugs of natural origin, cannot be safely employed in clinical trials. With the aim of obtaining a compound with a better therapeutic index and of studying possible relationships between biological activity and chemical structure, many derivatives of ailanthone and of the chemically related, although biologically inactive, quassin have been prepared and tested. PMID- 7227502 TI - Molecular requirements of the active sites of the cholinergic receptors. XVI - Synthesis and cholinergic activity of 2- or 5-alkyl or 5-phenyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-1 dimethylaminomethylcyclopentane methiodide. AB - In order to study the cholinergic receptor through affinity chromatography, some derivatives of deoxamuscarone (I a) incorporating alkyl and phenyl substituents at the positions 2 and 5 were synthesized as model compounds. However, the sharp drop in activity and the lack of discrimination between nicotinic and muscarinic receptors exhibited by the compounds discourage their further development as affinity reagents. PMID- 7227503 TI - Effect of tissue degeneration on drug transfer across in vitro rat intestine. AB - A modified rat intestinal sac technique involving a closed circulation of the mucosal drug solution through the lumen was developed with the aim of clarifying the influence of tissue degeneration on drug transfer in the current in vitro methods for studying intestinal absorption. Data on salicylate transfer in agreement with the literature reports on the everted rat intestinal sac technique were obtained with the physiological Tyrode or Krebs-Henseleit buffers. In neither case was the transfer rate influenced by a progressive disruption of the mucosa which resulted upon histological examination of the perfused sacs. The rate-controlling barrier to drug transport, probably located in the inner tissues, maintained a constant permeability to salicylate in the said physiological solutions over a period of 80 min. On the other hand, the gut permeability underwent a nonreversible alteration by each of two phosphate buffers employed in the past for studies with the everted rat intestine. The liability of such an alteration to occur at nonphysiological pH was found to be a major obstacle to the study of the effects of pH on drug transport. A case where the reversibility of these effects could be verified allowed us to state that unionized salicylic acid was transported at a 8.6-fold faster rate than salicylate. Apart from the inherent limitations of the in vitro preparation, the technique presented here provides the following advantages over the classical everted intestinal sac technique: 1) eversion of intestine is avoided; 2) constancy of the mucosal drug concentration is guaranteed throughout the experiment; 3) volume variations of the serosal solution due to water absorption by the intestinal tissues and/or to osmotic phenomena are negligible. PMID- 7227504 TI - [Synthesis of 1-aroyl-4H(R)-thiosemicarbazides, the corresponding 5-aryl 4H(R) 1,2,4-triazolin-3-thiones and some derivatives of pharmaceutical interest]. AB - A series of 1-aroyl-4H(R)-thiosemicarbazides (IV-XVIII) and the corresponding 5 phenyl-4H(R)-1,2,4-triazolin-3-thiones (XIX-XXXIII) were synthesized: biological assay demonstrated their in vitro antibacterial and antimycotic activities. The preparation of same hydrazinoaroylthiazoles (XXXIV-XXXVI) was reported also, obtained by condensation of 1-aroyl-4H-thiosemicarbazides with phenacyl bromide and the synthesis of thiazole[3,2-b]-s-triazol-3(2H)-ones (XLIX-LI) prepared by cyclodehydration of carboxymethylthiotriazoles (XLVI-XLVIII). The results of pharmacological testing for both series of derivatives (XLIX-LI) and (XLVI XLVIII) showed good antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities. PMID- 7227505 TI - Preliminary studies on the absorption, distribution and excretion of 2 (7'theophyllinemethyl)-1,3-dioxolane in the rat. AB - Preliminary studies in the rat were carried out on the absorption, distribution and excretion of 2-(7'-theophyllinemethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (ABC 12/3), a new compound with anti-bronchospastic activity. Our results show that ABC 12/3 is rapidly absorbed and remains in the blood for about 6 hours. The distribution of this compound in the various tissues appears quite rapid, reaching good concentrations in the lung. Urinary excretion is complete within 12 hours after the administration of the compound, which is metabolized like a theophylline derivative. PMID- 7227506 TI - Ester of 6-cis-dialkylamino-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-5-trans-ol with hypotensive and other activities. AB - Three series of esters of 6-cis-dialkylamino-1,3,3-trimethyl-2 oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-5-trans-ol (dialkylamino = pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino) are described. A number of these compounds showed strong hypotensive activity in rats, as well as infiltration anesthesia and antiarrhythmic activity in mice. The lowering effects on heart rate in rats are also described. PMID- 7227507 TI - Affinity labelling of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase with mesitoyl-AMP. PMID- 7227509 TI - Multiple phosphorylation sites of microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) observed at high ATP concentrations. PMID- 7227508 TI - Decrease of myocardial mRNA in adriamycin-treated rats. PMID- 7227510 TI - Pepsinogen denaturation is not a two-state transition. PMID- 7227511 TI - Isolation and characterisation of an unusual collagen from hyaline cartilage and intervertebral disc. PMID- 7227513 TI - Amino acid sequence and heterogeneity of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). PMID- 7227512 TI - Lysis and reassembly of sonicated lecithin vesicles in the presence of Triton X 100. PMID- 7227514 TI - Polyanionic character of plasma membrane sialoglycoproteins. PMID- 7227515 TI - Low level chemiluminescence of alveolar macrophages: spectral evidence for singlet oxygen generation. PMID- 7227517 TI - An ATP-dependent succinic thiokinase in birds and its relation to ketone-body utilization. PMID- 7227516 TI - The exothermic reaction of calcium with unilamellar phosphatidylserine vesicles: titration microcalorimetry. PMID- 7227518 TI - Catalytic activity of citrate synthase fragments. PMID- 7227519 TI - A rapid purification of hepatic ATP citrate lyase using blue Sepharose. PMID- 7227520 TI - Enhancement of cholesterol esterification in aortic smooth muscle cells by medium of macrophages conditioned with acetylated LDL. PMID- 7227521 TI - Myosin light chains in normal and electrostimulated cultures of embryonic chicken breast muscle. PMID- 7227523 TI - Rhodopsin photoenergetics: lumirhodopsin and the complete energy profile. PMID- 7227522 TI - Studies of metabolism in the isolated, perfused rat heart using 13C NMR. PMID- 7227524 TI - RNA polymerase: a model for rotational translocation. PMID- 7227525 TI - Degradation of the peroxisome-associated polypeptide in clofibrate-treated mouse liver. PMID- 7227526 TI - Transport of glutathione S-conjugate from human erythrocytes. PMID- 7227527 TI - A new way of chemical blood-typing of human single individuals. Identification of a blood group Leb-active glycosphingolipid in plasma by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. PMID- 7227528 TI - Secondary structure of reduced ovomucoid and renaturation of reduced ovomucoid and its reduced fragments A(1-130) and B(131-186). PMID- 7227529 TI - Component I protein of bacitracin synthetase: a multifunctional protein. PMID- 7227530 TI - Strategies for spectral assignment in the 1H NMR spectra of a 25 000 Mr murine antibody fragment: (i) in vivo deuteration and (ii) use of a denaturant. PMID- 7227531 TI - Isolation and reconstitution of the phosphate-transport system from pig heart mitochondria. PMID- 7227532 TI - An alternative route for D-galactose catabolism shared with that for dulcitol degradation route in mycobacteria. PMID- 7227533 TI - Lysozyme-induced polymerization of tubulin. Burial of the colchicine-binding site as a probe. PMID- 7227534 TI - Sequencing of oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry applied on a 12-sugar glycolipid. PMID- 7227535 TI - New polypeptide chains associated with highly purified RNA polymerase II or B from Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 7227536 TI - Artefacts in the estimation of ADP analogs as phosphate acceptors in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7227537 TI - Mutual arrangement of histone H1 molecules in chromatin of intact nuclei. PMID- 7227538 TI - A 43Ca NMR and 25Mg NMR study of rabbit skeletal muscle troponin C: exchange rates and binding constants. PMID- 7227539 TI - Identification of a filamin-like protein in chicken heart muscle. PMID- 7227540 TI - Incorporation of benzo[alpha]pyrene quinones into lignin. PMID- 7227541 TI - Reversible inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase by polyanions. PMID- 7227542 TI - Control over assembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane: selection by a performance criterion. PMID- 7227544 TI - Monitoring the resolution of proteins and peptides in the course of their electrophoresis. Use in studying the degradative inactivation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. PMID- 7227545 TI - Altered ratios and different subcellular distribution of type I and type II cAMP dependent protein kinases in several thyroidal pathological tissues. PMID- 7227543 TI - Calmodulin is essential for smooth muscle contraction. PMID- 7227546 TI - Mechanism of the potentiating effect of cytochalasin B on the respiratory burst induced by concanavalin A in leucocytes. PMID- 7227547 TI - Primary structure of the carbohydrate-containing regions of the carboxyl propeptides of type I procollagen. PMID- 7227550 TI - The preparation of rat jejunal brush border membrane. PMID- 7227549 TI - Methylation of membrane proteins is involved in chemosensory and photosensory behavior of Halobacterium halobium. PMID- 7227548 TI - Solubilization and separation of two b-type cytochromes from a carotenoid mutant in Halobacterium halobium. PMID- 7227551 TI - Geosmin and methylisoborneol biosynthesis in streptomycetes. Evidence for an isoprenoid pathway and its absence in non-differentiating isolates. PMID- 7227552 TI - Rabbit reticulocyte double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase and the hemin controlled translational repressor phosphorylate the same Mr 1500 peptide of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha. PMID- 7227554 TI - Stabilizing support for biomedical research. PMID- 7227555 TI - Vascular influences of prostaglandins: introduction. PMID- 7227553 TI - Isolation of polymerization-competent vimentin from porcine eye lens tissue. PMID- 7227556 TI - Determinants of heart shape in early embryos. AB - The early embryonic vertebrate heart is a tubular organ that changes shape rapidly. It acquires a pronounced bulge, and bends and rotates to the right side in a process called looping. There has been to date no satisfactory explanation of the mechanisms regulating this morphogenetic sequence. Evidence is presented suggesting that this is a physical deformation rather than the result of differential growth. The control of heat deformation is discussed and possible regulatory mechanisms are explored. It is not yet possible to identify all the factors responsible but it appears that a number of independently regulated variables such as cytodifferentiation and matrix production interact to regulate expression of complex shapes. PMID- 7227557 TI - Regional and global shape and size of the intact myocardium. PMID- 7227558 TI - Ventricular size and shape by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - The evaluation of cardiac size and shape has been aided by the recent development of high resolution real-time two-dimensional echocardiography, which permits dynamic cross-sectional evaluation of all or a large portion of the left ventricle throughout the cardiac cycle. This review addresses itself to the determination of left ventricular size and shape by two-dimensional echocardiography. A method is described for accurate volume determination in the intact, isolated, ejecting canine heart. By combining the two-dimensional echocardiogram with knowledge of transducer position and orientation with respect to the heart, it is possible to reconstruct a three-dimensional representation of a chamber and thereby measure volume without reliance on major geometric assumptions. Because of the unique ability of two-dimensional echocardiography to produce a cross-sectional image of the beating heart in a large number of planes, it is suitable for the determination of cardiac shape and architecture. The recognition of early regional cardiac dilatation in acute myocardial infarction is described. Changes in ventricular shape brought about by the dynamic alterations lend themselves well to two-dimensional echocardiographic study. The pivotal nature of the interventricular septum renders it susceptible to changes in the functional state of both ventricles. That the interventricular septum may mediate ventricular interaction acutely is suggested by the acute effects of right ventricular loading in man using the Mueller maneuver. Leftward septal displacement and flattening of the septum during the early maximal Mueller maneuver is evidenced by a substantial increase in the radius of curvature of the septal segment, without a change in the left ventricular free wall. This septal flattening occurs in diastole and persists during systole. Diastolic events thus appear to influence systolic shape. Changed septal shape may be an important mechanism of, and evidence for, ventricular interdependence in normal man. PMID- 7227560 TI - Neurobiological correlates of intoxication and physical dependence upon ethanol: introductory remarks. PMID- 7227559 TI - The collagen matrix of the heart. AB - Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates an extensive and highly organized network of collagen in the left ventricle of all species examined. This system is arbitrarily divisible into three major components: a collagen weave network that surrounds groups of myocytes; an extensive array of collagen struts measuring 120 to 150 nm in diameter that extend from the basal lamina of a myocyte to the basal laminae of all contiguous myocytes; and an array of similar sized collagen struts that extend from the basal lamina of all capillaries to the basal laminae of all contiguous myocytes. The functions of the individual components of this complicated network are not well-defined. The weave network certainly contributes to the viscous and elastic properties of the heart. Myocyte-to-myocyte struts can prevent slippage of adjacent cells during the cardiac cycle and would ensure equal stretch of adjacent myocytes during diastole. Myocyte to capillary struts may be important in maintaining capillary patency during the early phases of systole. In rats. rabbits and hamsters this entire system is virtually absent at birth and develops rapidly to the adult form by 15 days. PMID- 7227561 TI - Neurobiological and genetic aspects of the etiology of alcoholism. AB - In contrast to humans, most animals will not voluntarily consume alcohol to the point of intoxication nor to the point of development of tolerance and physical dependence. Since there is good evidence for a genetic component to human alcoholism, we explore the possibility that the presence of alcohol in the environment during human evolution has contributed to this difference in behavior from that observed in lower animals. We then review the biologic basis for genetic influences on various aspects of alcohol-related behaviors in both humans and lower animals. Thus, the evidence for genetic influences on rate of alcohol metabolism, preference, central nervous system depressant effects. tolerance, and dependence are briefly reviewed. The technique of selective breeding for alcohol related behavior is described and compared to the process of natural selection that may be occurring in the human population. PMID- 7227562 TI - Reversal in central nervous system function during ethanol withdrawal in humans and experimental animals. AB - The ultimate objective in devising animal analogs of physical dependence on ethanol is to obtain meaningful imitations that have behavioral and biological similarities to human subjects during the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. The natural history of alcoholic disease in human subject and in experimental animals involves three periods, each characterized on the basis of temporal relationships, pattern of ethanol intake, blood ethanol concentrations, and/or a typical sequence in the onset and decay of the characteristic spectrum and continuum of overt behavioral, neurological, and biological signs and responses. These characteristics are expressions of different functional states of the central nervous system (CNS): 1) the baseline period or predrinking period reflects normal function of the CNS; 2) the induction period or drinking period is characterized by overt signs and responses of nonspecific, long-term CNS depression; and 3) the withdrawal period is characterized by a relatively rapid transition in the CNS function from depression during the prodromal detoxication phase to hyperexcitability observed during the withdrawal syndrome (dependence phase). The rapid transition from overt depression to overt hyperexcitability is a consequence of rapid removal of the drug from the system, and constitutes the basis of the reversal in the CNS function in both humans and experimental animals. PMID- 7227563 TI - Possible steady-state concentrations of tetrahydroisoquinolines in brain after the consumption of ethanol. AB - Dopamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinolines such as salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline have been implicated in alcohol-related problems. Though their infusion into the brain can induce a rat to increase its alcohol consumption, it is not known whether the compounds actually form in vivo. Few investigators have been able to extract the compounds or their metabolites from tissue or urine. One notable exception is reported by Collins et al. (Science 206: 1184--1186; 1979), who found that alcoholics excrete 140 micrograms/24 h of O-methyl salsolinol and salsolinol. Using that value as the rate of salsolinol formation in brain, it was possible to estimate the steady-state concentration that could be expected to be found in brain. It was assumed that the rate of synthesis is equal to the rate of removal from tissue. Thus, the concentration is simply vf/kd, where vf is the rate of formation and kd is the rate constant for the disappearance from brain. It is necessary to estimate the concentration of dopamine and aldehyde in brain to determine the rate of formation. The realistic upper limits for salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline in brain are ca. 1 ng/g brain tissue. These values are below the level of detection commonly employed. PMID- 7227564 TI - Biosynthesis of complement components. AB - Many of the serum complement components are synthesized primarily in the liver but extrahepatic synthesis in mononuclear phagocytes has been noted. This local production of complement, particularly at sites of inflammation, may be of importance in host defenses and immunopathological reactions. Recent studies of complement biosynthesis in vitro have revealed some of the genetic and microenvironmental factors that affect the rates of complement synthesis, posttranslational modification, and secretion of these proteins. The third, fourth, and fifth complement components are synthesized as single chain, procomplement proteins that require proteolytic cleavage to generate the native C4 protein is mediated by a plasmin-like enzyme. These studies, plus the most recent developments in analysis of the complement genes at a molecular level, will provide more complete understanding the mechanisms of regulation of complement production. PMID- 7227565 TI - Donor insemination: guidelines for uncharted territory. PMID- 7227566 TI - Pregnancy in the Turner syndrome with only 45,X chromosomal constitution. AB - A 31-year-old white female, 127 cm tall and with other findings of the Turner syndrome, had had normal menses and had become pregnant at ages 23 and 26 years. Chromosomal analyses of several tissues, including both ovaries, revealed only 45,X karyotypes. Both of her daughters had 46,XX karyotypes in lymphocytes. This patient and nine other reported cases of fertile, apparently nonmosaic 45,X women illustrate an extreme of ovarian function in the Turner syndrome and raise questions about the absolute need for XX oocytes in ovarian development. The possibility of pregnancy must be considered in all patients with Turner syndrome, a relatively common chromosomal disorder. PMID- 7227567 TI - Tubal intramural polyps and their relationship to infertility. AB - In a search for polyps in the intramural portion of the fallopian tubes, 2156 hysterosalpingograms were reviewed. In 54 cases polyps of different size and form were detected. Correlation of the findings with fertility histories and follow-up revealed that about one-half (46%) of the women with polyps did not conceive. Among both women who conceived and those who did not were women who had been treated for some other cause of infertility and also women of infertile couples who were classified as infertile normal. The results of this study suggest that women with tubal polyps should be regarded as having relative subfertility and should be treated for other causes of infertility if such exist. However, when treatment fails, and also in cases of unexplained infertility, the polyps should be regarded as a possible causal factor and surgical treatment should be considered. PMID- 7227568 TI - The return of fertility following discontinuation of oral contraceptives in Thailand. AB - The return of fertility following discontinuation of oral contraception was studied in a survey of 437 Thai women who stopped taking the pill to have a planned pregnancy. Conception rates were reduced during the first 2 months after stopping the pill, and the median delay prior to conception was approximately 3 months. This delay was shorter for nulligravid women. Most women (94.3%) became pregnant within 2 years of stopping the pill. There was a cyclic pattern in the monthly pregnancy rates with peak rates around 3 and 6 months after discontinuing contraception. These findings are similar to those reported for Caucasian women. PMID- 7227569 TI - Antisperm antibodies: their effect on the process of fertilization studied in vitro. AB - The influence of antisperm antibodies on the fertilizing capacity of human sperm was investigated in a zone-free hamster egg system using heterologous and homologous antisera. The ability of these antisera to interfere with the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa correlated well with the antibody titers obtained using the Franklin-Dukes tube slide test. However, there was little correlation between the antifertility effects of these antisera and their activities in the gelatin and tray agglutination tests. The addition of complement to the incubation medium amplified the inhibitory activity exhibited by these antisera, although the extent of this inhibitory influence bore no relationship to the antibody titers obtained using the complement-dependent sperm immobilization technique. The study demonstrates the importance of the hamster egg penetration test in evaluating the antifertility effect of antisperm antibodies. PMID- 7227570 TI - Preservation techniques for human semen. AB - Sperm banking with the relatively simple and economical biologic freezer (Linde BF-5; Union Carbide Corporation, Linde Division, New York, N.Y.) was compared with controlled-rate freezer (Linde CRF-1; Union Carbide), using different freezing rates and cryoprotective media. The results were assessed by comparing prefreeze and post-thaw sperm motility. Our results demonstrate a significant loss of sperm motility with both techniques; however (1) complex cryoprotective medium (CPM) containing egg yolk produced better results than did 10% glycerol, (2) the rate of freezing at 10 degrees C versus 1 degrees C/minute did not produce a significant difference, and (3) results with the controlled-rate freezer and BF-5 were similar. We therefore conclude that sperm banking can be accomplished in a relatively simple and reliable way by using the BF-5 and CPM. PMID- 7227571 TI - The recurrent varicocele--a poorly recognized problem. AB - A varicocele is most likely the result of an incompetent vein with retrograde flow of blood into the scrotum. Surgical ligation of this incompetent system is the present-day procedure of choice. In our series of 225 varicocelectomies, there have been three definite recurrences, due to either recollateralization or failure to ligate all branches of this venous plexus. PMID- 7227572 TI - Fertility following fimbriectomy and tubo-ovarian microsurgery in the rabbit. AB - It is generally believed that tubal fimbriae function as a highly specialized and indispensable component of the ovum pickup mechanism. The present study was undertaken to examine the feasibility of creating a functional tubo-ovarian relationship following fimbriectomy. Fourteen New Zealand White rabbits underwent unilateral microsurgical fimbriectomy followed by creation of a distal ampullary flap which was oversewn to the exposed ovarian cortex. Two weeks after surgery, the animals were inseminated and induced to ovulate with an intravenous injection of 100 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin. Thirteen of fourteen uterine horns on the control side and ten of fourteen on the operated side became pregnant. The ratios of ova ovulated to those which implanted were 73.2% on the control side and 37.8% on the operated side. Morphologic studies revealed a normal complement of ciliated and secretory cells lining the endosalpinx of the juxtaposed ampullary flap. The portion of ovarian cortex covered by the flap similarly exhibited no morphologic abnormalities. These findings indicate that fertility can be maintained in the absence of fimbriae and suggest a surgical technique for restoration of fertility following elective sterilization by fimbriectomy or following pathologically induced destruction of the fimbriae. PMID- 7227573 TI - Microsurgical resection of bilateral fallopian tube polyps. PMID- 7227574 TI - Possible mechanisms of induction of immunity to sperm in an infertile woman: a case study. PMID- 7227575 TI - Primary leydig cell failure with preservation of spermatogenesis. PMID- 7227577 TI - Abnormal luteal function in endometriosis. PMID- 7227576 TI - The effects on the ovulatory cycle of metoclopramide-induced increased prolactin levels during follicular development. PMID- 7227578 TI - Stevens-Johnson syndrome due to sulindac: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7227579 TI - Perceived clinical significance of consultant pharmacist recommendations in the skilled nursing facility. PMID- 7227580 TI - Earnings, relative income, and family formation. AB - The probability of first marriage for men who graduated from Wisconsin high schools in 1957 was analyzed with respect to their Social Security earnings records, Wisconsin income tax reports for parents, and other variables. The findings provide no support for Easterlin's hypothesis that marriage will occur earlier when young men judge their economic prospects favorably with respect to their parents' income. However, young men's earnings and time spent in schooling to increase them were found to be important influences on marriage timing. Additional schooling had little effect net of the time it absorbed. PMID- 7227581 TI - Long-term consequences for children of teenage parents. AB - Data from Project TALENT were analyzed to investigate whether any long-term consequences exist for children of teenage parents. TALENT is a longitudinal national survey of 375,000 individuals who were in grades 9-12 in 1960. TALENT participants born when their mother and/or father was a teenager were compared with their classmates born when both parents were older on a variety of educational, occupational, and social dimensions. Many differences were found, owing primarily to the different social and economic background characteristics of the two groups. Even with the background factors controlled, the children of teenage parents, in comparison to their classmates: (a) showed decrements in terms of academic achievement; (b) were more likely to live in one-parent or stepparent homes; and (c) showed a slight tendency to repeat the early marriage, early parenthood, and higher fertility cycle of their parent(s). PMID- 7227582 TI - Increase in natural fertility during the early stages of modernization: Canadian Indians case study. AB - It has been hypothesized that populations may experience an increase in their natural fertility during the early stages of modernization as a result of the relaxation of various fertility-inhibiting practices and customs prevalent in traditional societies. This article offers evidence of such an increase in natural fertility among Canadian Indians. The main underlying cause is found to be in the massive, almost abrupt, shift from prolonged breastfeeding to bottlefeeding ;which took place prior to the onset of large-scale birth control practices among Canadian Indians. PMID- 7227583 TI - Alaska native fertility trends, 1950-1978. AB - Fertility rates for Alaska Natives based on officially registered births have shown considerable change since 1950, reflecting the increasing incorporation of this group into the dominant American culture. Their fertility experience has in many regards been similar to that of developing countries during the process of modernization. A gradual rise in fertility prior to 1962 was most likely the result of increased fecundity due to declining breast feeding. The rapid decline after that time is seen as a response to increasing incentives for fertility control. The decline was facilitated by the beginning of family planning programs in 1965. PMID- 7227584 TI - Proportional hazards life table models: an illustrative analysis of socio demographic influences on marriage dissolution in the United States. AB - The proportional hazards life table is a recently developed approach to the analysis of survival data when mortality risks vary among individuals. It assumes that at a given age (or duration since the start of a life) the force of mortality is a constant (specific to that age) multiplied by a proportionality factor which is determined by the characteristics of the individual and does not change unless these covariates do. In this paper, the method is reviewed for the case where the covariates are fixed at the start of the lifetime and illustrated by an application to marital dissolution in the United States. PMID- 7227585 TI - The harmonic mean as the basis of a realistic two-sex marriage model. AB - The "two-sex problem" is one of attempting to preserve the essential character of male and female rates of marriage (or birth), since the expression of those rates is influenced both by the age-sex composition of the population and the underlying age-sex schedule of preferences. The present paper focuses on marriage and advances a theoretically based, realistic, and conceptually simple solution. In the continuous case, where exact male and female ages are used, equation (11) provides a mathematical relationship which equates the sum of the male and female marriage propensities of the observed population with that of the model. When discrete age intervals are used, the two-sex consistency condition is given by equation (14) which equates observed and model population rates calculated using the harmonic means of the number of persons in the relevant male and female age groups. The harmonic mean consistency condition is shown to be fully sensitive to the competitive nature of the "marriage market." When compared with alternative approaches to the two-sex problem in the context of data for Sweden, 1961-64, the simple harmonic mean method yields results fairly similar to those of the other methods. None of the two-sex methods do particularly well at predicting the actual distribution of marriages, however. The likely reason is that the underlying marriage preferences changed, a circumstance which emphasizes the importance of carefully conceptualizing how observed behavior can be decomposed into the effects produced by age-sex composition and those produced by the underlying preferences. PMID- 7227586 TI - Methods for the analysis of mortality risks across heterogeneous small populations: examination of space-time gradients in cancer mortality in North Carolina counties 1970-75. AB - A method of analyzing mortality rates in heterogeneous populations is presented. This method, appropriate for the investigation of mortality rates in small geographic areas (e.g., counties) where the forces of mobility operate to selectively "package" person, is applied to the determination of whether a spatial west-east gradient in cancer mortality rates existed in North Carolina over the period 1970 to 1975. A significant gradient (as well as a significant temporal trend) is determined to exist in the data, though only for particular race, age and sex-specific demographic groups. Several alternate hypotheses are presented to explain the existence of the spatial gradient in these particular demographic groups. PMID- 7227587 TI - Experiments in modelling recent Danish fertility curves. AB - This paper reports the outcome of an exercise in curve fitting to annual sets of Danish age-specific fertility rates for the years 1962 to 1971 by means of least squares. Functions fitted were a cubic spline, the Hadwiger and Coale-Trussell functions, the gamma and beta densities, two versions of a polynomial, and two of Brass's relational procedures, as well as the Gompertz curve. The spline function fitted all curves far better than any of the others. The Coale-Trussell procedure and gamma density were about equal, followed by the Hadwiger function. All of these functions fit the data wells. One of the polynomials fit reasonably well, but the rest of the functions were less accurate. PMID- 7227588 TI - A generalized index of dissimilarity. AB - The index of dissimilarity can be interpreted as the ratio of the number that must be moved from cells of excess to cells of deficit to achieve even distribution. This interpretation is used to generalize the index in two directions. First, the index is made applicable to more than two groups at a time. Second, an index and a test of significance are made available for explorations of cells of a two-way contingency table. DISSIM is the name of a computer program which provides these calculations for contingency tables. PMID- 7227589 TI - Some further observations on the index of residential differentiation. AB - The relationship between the index of residential differentiation (RDI), a recently introduced measure of residential segregation which is designed to summarize the distribution of c social groups in a single index, and the indices of dissimilarity (D) and segregation (SI) is examined. It is demonstrated that RDI is a natural extension of D, and that when c = 2, RDI = D; when c greater than 2, it is possible to stipulate RDI in terms of SI, but it is not possible to stipulate RDI in a straightforward manner in terms of D. An adjusted RDI is then suggested in which random segregation rather than complete desegregation is used as the baseline. PMID- 7227590 TI - A note on new estimates of the mortality of the extreme aged. AB - This note reports on the utilization of the "extinct generation" method, a procedure that permits a reconstruction of "extinct" population cohorts from the death statistics for a series of years and provides alternative estimates of the mortality of the extreme aged population (persons 85 years of age and over) in the United States during the period 1951-1965. Remarkably close correspondence was found between the annual mortality rates thus derived and figures published by the National Center for Health Statistics. It was concluded that the quality of the mortality rates produced was superior to the official figures but not markedly so. An advantage of the method is the ability to produce rates in detail, such as for five-year age groups, not ordinarily published for the 85 and over population. PMID- 7227591 TI - [Melanophagocytoma]. PMID- 7227592 TI - [Detection of the irritative effect of industrial substances (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227593 TI - [Surface skin lipids in atopic dermatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227594 TI - [Therapy of cold urticaria with cyproheptadine (pizotifene) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227595 TI - [Enzyme histochemical study of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans - tumor of neural connective tissue]. PMID- 7227596 TI - [NBT-test in bacterial and fungal dermatoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227597 TI - [Differential diagnostic significance of pathophysiological reactions in atopic dermatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227598 TI - [Epidermophyton floccosum wrist watch tinea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227599 TI - [Membrane damage of human lymphocytes caused by PUVA]. PMID- 7227600 TI - [Management of chronic urticaria with prenylamine]. PMID- 7227602 TI - [Reiter's disease in children following an infection by Yersinia enterocolitica (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227601 TI - [Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227604 TI - [UV-absorption measurement of adenine compounds in human sperm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227603 TI - [Investigation of local therapy following urea pretreatment. First results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227605 TI - [Ultrastructural images of nuclear extrusions in cutaneous lymphomas (author's transl)]. AB - In 10 cases of cutaneous lymphomas, outflow of nuclear material into the cytoplasm of tumoral cells was observed ultrastructurally. Various stages of this phenomenon could be visualized. These observations were made in various types of epidermotropic and on epidermotropic cutaneous lymphomas but they are particularly evident in Crosti's reticulosis. These nuclear abnormalities were observed prior to any treatment; they are unrelated with tissue preparation and are very different from the well-known nuclear degeneration processes. They have been observed in various but exceptional physiological or pathological conditions, but have apparently not been noticed in earlier works on cutaneous lymphomas, except in 1 case of Crosti's reticulosis. No prognosis implication of these images was found. Their significance is not clear, but could be related with mitotic disorders. PMID- 7227606 TI - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with candida granuloma treated with 5 fluorocytosine. AB - A 19-year-old male had chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with typical granuloma on the face, scalp and genital area. He had defects in cell-mediated immunity (cutaneous anergy to common antigens, but normal number of T lymphocytes and normal lymphocyte transformation with phytohemagglutinin), and there were no endocrine deficiencies. He had systemic involvement, including lungs, kidneys, liver and spleen diagnosed by radiologic studies. In the histologic findings of the skin, typical features were seen of candida granuloma lesions, and hyphae and spores of Candida albicans also were identified in the Malpighian layer. Therapy with 5-fluorocytosine resulted in a remarkable improvement. PMID- 7227607 TI - 8-year-survival in malignant melanoma related to sex and tumor location. AB - 1,322 melanoma patients in the clinical stage I were followed up for at least 8 years. The females clearly predominated (sex ratio f : m = 2.2 : 1). Trunk melanomas prevailed in males extremity melanoma in females. The overall survival was strikingly better in females than in males. In 936 of the patients exhibiting "high risk" melanomas, tumors located on the upper extremities and on the lower extremities gave the relatively best 8-year-survival rates (60.7% resp. 62.7%). 8 years-survival rates decreased if head (52.8%) and trunk locations (40.3%) were involved. As to these anatomic sites of the primary tumor, there were no statistically relevant differences between the survival rates of the females and the males. Thus, the anatomic site of malignant melanoma is especially important for the prognosis largely explaining the sex differences of the overall survival rates. PMID- 7227608 TI - Lichen planus pigmentosus of the oral mucosa: a rare clinical variety. AB - In this paper, we describe a case of lichen planus of the mouth with intense melanosis, in a middle-aged white male. Due to its unusual clinical characteristics, we believe that this case represents a rare variant of lichen planus of the oral mucosa. The histopathologic findings, differential diagnosis and its possible connection with lichen planus pigmentosus of the skin are discussed. PMID- 7227609 TI - Virus-like particles in the herald patch of pityriasis rosea. PMID- 7227610 TI - Ocular microsurgery. PMID- 7227611 TI - The ideal suture. PMID- 7227612 TI - Diamonds--their development for and influence on modern microsurgery. PMID- 7227613 TI - General microsurgery. Discussion. PMID- 7227614 TI - Microscopes and glaucoma. AB - The operating microscope has transformed the surgery of glaucoma from a hit and miss affair to a very precise art. This is not to say that adult glaucoma surgery cannot be undertaken without sophisticated aids. Of course, it can, but as our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the glaucoma improves, so do the methods of dealing with it. These techniques require more and more precise surgery which can only be achieved with the aid of high magnification and perhaps more important, finer and more delicate instrumentation. PMID- 7227615 TI - Trabeculoiridocyclectomy of tumors of the iris and ciliary body. AB - A microsurgical technique of trabeculoiridocyclectomy for malignant tumors of the iris extending to the angle and ciliary body has been reported. With this technique, the lamellar dissection of the sclera anteriorly into the corneal stroma across the limbus permits excision of the trabecula which is involved with the tumor. In addition, the en bloc excision of the lesion avoids the necessity for a corneo-scleral graft because the outer lamellae are preserved. The ultimate value of this procedure must await long-term follow-up in operated cases. PMID- 7227616 TI - Extended use of microsurgery in ophthalmology. PMID- 7227617 TI - Vitrectomy in ocular trauma. PMID- 7227619 TI - Soft cataracts--surgical management. PMID- 7227618 TI - Options for visualisation in vitrectomy. PMID- 7227620 TI - Microsurgery of peripheral iridectomy. PMID- 7227621 TI - A comparison of the therapeutic and cardiovascular effects of a single nightly dose of Prothiaden (dothiepin, dosulepin) and Lentizol (sustained-release amitriptyline) in depressed elderly patients. AB - This was a single-blind 4-week parallel group comparative trial in fifty depressed patients. Twenty-five patients received 50 mg of Lentizol, a sustained release form of amitriptyline, and twenty-five received 75 mg of Prothiaden. Both groups took their drugs as a single night-time dose. Patient response was measured on a symptom check-list which was completed by the doctor and a self rating depression scale. Tolerance was assessed by recording volunteered and observed side-effects and also by taking the pulse, blood pressure and an electrocardiogram before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks. A statistically better response was seen with Prothiaden at each follow-up assessment (1, 2 and 4 weeks) compared to Lentizol as measured by both the symptom check-list and the self-rating scale. Less side-effects was also seen with Prothiaden. Minor changes were seen in the ECG records of two patients on Prothiaden and three on Lentizol. These changes were not associated with any clinical change in the patients' cardiovascular state. No consistent changes of any clinical significance were seen in the pulse and blood pressure recordings. PMID- 7227622 TI - An open evaluation of oral butorphanol as long-term therapy in out-patients suffering from moderate to severe chronic pain. AB - This open study evaluated the safety, tolerance and efficacy of multiple oral doses of butorphanol tartrate as long-term therapy for moderate to severe pain of various aetiologies. Twenty patients were given doses ranging from four to twelve 4 mg tablets per day for a period of 3 to 201 days (median 87 days). Median pain relief over the entire study was rated as good, very good or excellent in eleven patients (55%) and poor to fair in the remaining nine patients (45%). Global assessments were as follows: good to very good--twelve patients; poor to fair- eight patients. Ten of the twenty patients treated reported side-effects (sedation, light-headedness, dizziness, insomnia and headache) ranging from mild to severe. No drug-related abnormalities with respect to blood pressure, body weight or laboratory data were evident. PMID- 7227623 TI - Oral butorphanol tartrate for the long-term treatment of out-patients with moderate to severe cancer pain. AB - The safety, tolerance and analgesic efficacy of multiple oral doses of butorphanol tartrate for the long-term treatment of cancer pain were evaluated in this open study. Thirty-five patients were treated with various doses (1 to 12 tablets per day) for 4 to 147 days. The median pain relief was fair, good, very good or excellent in 51% of the patients and poor in 49% of the patients. Global assessments were very similar. No clinically significant changes in blood pressure, weight, blood and urine chemistries were observed. Seventeen patients reported side-effects (only sedation and dry mouth) ranging from mild to severe. PMID- 7227624 TI - The effects of increased penetration of betamethasone dipropionate in a propylene glycol base (Diprolene) for psoriasis. AB - The efficacy and safety of betamethasone dipropionate, 0.05% in a propylene glycol base (Diprolene), was investigated in an open, fixed-dose study of thirty one patients with resistant psoriasis. Clearing of lesions or marked improvement occurred in 97% (thirty out of thirty-one) of patients. Increased penetration of corticosteroid did not cause adrenal suppression or other adverse reactions. PMID- 7227625 TI - Cefadroxil monohydrate versus erythromycin in paediatric patients. AB - Cefadroxil monohydrate, an oral cephalosporin with a long half-life, was compared to erythromycin estolate for efficacy in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children. The study was carried out on forty patients, twenty receiving cefadroxil and twenty receiving erythromycin. Each drug was dosed at 50 mg/kg/day and was given every 12 hours in two equally divided doses. The complete cure rate was 95% for the cefadroxil group and 80% for the erythromycin group. Two patients originally in the erythromycin test group showed no improvement either bacteriologically or clinically after 3 days of treatment. It was found that these patients harboured S. aureus which had become resistant to erythromycin during the course of therapy. Both patients were shifted to cefadroxil treatment and achieved complete cures. Two patients in the erythromycin group and one in the cefadroxil group were diagnosed as having scarlet fever. All three responded clinically, yet cultures from the two treated with erythromycin showed persistence of bacteria while the one treated with cefadroxil proved to be cured both clinically and bacteriologically. PMID- 7227626 TI - The effect of betamethasone dipropionate injectable on chronic bronchial asthma. AB - Betamethasone dipropionate was administered intramuscularly to fifty-one patients with chronic bronchial asthma. Good to excellent results were obtained in 96% of patients. Onset of action was rapid, and duration of action was prolonged. Adverse reactions were mild and transient. Decreases in early morning plasma cortisol levels were also transient with the levels returning to normal range by the end of the study in all but one patient. PMID- 7227627 TI - Vaginitis: a study of the efficacy of povidone-iodine in unselected cases. PMID- 7227628 TI - Clinical interpretation of pharmacokinetic data on dothiepin hydrochloride (Dosulepin, Prothiaden). PMID- 7227629 TI - Defective cell cohesivity expressed late in the development of a Dictyostelium discoideum mutant. PMID- 7227630 TI - Types of troponin components during development of chicken skeletal muscle. PMID- 7227631 TI - Patterns of protein synthesis in livers of Xenopus laevis during metamorphosis: effects of estrogen in normal and thyrostatic animals. PMID- 7227632 TI - Slow muscle myoblasts differentiating in vitro synthesize both slow and fast myosin light chains. PMID- 7227633 TI - Membrane-bound and free polysomes in Dictyostelium discoideum. I. Isolation and developmental effects on size and distribution. PMID- 7227634 TI - Regulative ability of the regenerating urodele tail: the effect of unilateral soft tissue ablation. PMID- 7227635 TI - Effects of concanavalin A on the fertilization of sea urchin eggs. PMID- 7227636 TI - Gap junctions and steroidogenesis in the fetal mammalian adrenal cortex. PMID- 7227637 TI - Protein synthesis, polyribosomes, and peptide elongation in early development of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. PMID- 7227638 TI - Characterization of a neuronal growth factor from mouse heart-cell-conditioned medium. PMID- 7227639 TI - Nonsegmental organization of positional information in regenerating Ambystoma limbs. PMID- 7227640 TI - Analysis of developmentally homogeneous neural crest cell populations in vitro. I. Formation, morphology and differentiative behavior. PMID- 7227641 TI - Analysis of developmentally homogeneous neural crest cell populations in vitro. II. A tumor-promoter (TPA) delays differentiation and promotes cell proliferation. PMID- 7227642 TI - Calcium-dependent slow potassium conductance in rat skeletal myotubes. PMID- 7227643 TI - Transitions in histone variants of the male pronucleus following fertilization and evidence for a maternal store of cleavage-stage histones in the sera urchin egg. PMID- 7227645 TI - Formation of supernumerary structures by the embryonic chick wing depends on the position and orientation of a graft in a host limb bud. PMID- 7227644 TI - Position of origin of donor posterior chick wing bud tissue transplanted to an anterior host site determines the extra structures formed. PMID- 7227646 TI - Vitellogenin synthesis and characterisation of the liver estrogen receptor in the neotenous salamander Ambystoma mexicanum. PMID- 7227647 TI - Developmental genetics of the mechanosensory neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 7227648 TI - Premature sperm incorporation into the primary oocyte of the polychaete Pectinaria: male pronuclear formation and oocyte maturation. PMID- 7227649 TI - Postfertilization growth of microvilli in the sea urchin egg: new views from eggs that have been quick-frozen, freeze-fractured, and deeply etched. PMID- 7227650 TI - Breeding of Macaca fascicularis for poliovaccine production. AB - In our Institute Cynomolgus monkeys (M. fascicularis) are mainly used for production and control of poliovaccine. In 1974 a small individual breeding colony was started. Last year the colony was enlarged with 10 harem groups. Based on colony reproduction data, group breeding seems more successful than individual breeding. Owing to developments in the production of poliovaccine, a state of total self supply is within reach. However attention must be paid to factors reducing breeding results, comprising aggressive interactions and disturbed mother-care. Finally replacement of breeding stock might require rearing conditions which are not compatible with those necessary for the establishment of a Foamy virus and Herpes-B virus breeding colony. PMID- 7227652 TI - Experiences of vaccination with inactivated poliovirus vaccine in Sweden. PMID- 7227651 TI - Response of children to a single dose of oral or inactivated polio vaccine. AB - Approximately 200 children aged 8, 12 and 16 years with poliovirus neutralising antibody titres of less than 1/45 to at least one type were given a single dose of oral or inactivated polio vaccine. Almost all children given IPV responded with high levels of neutralising antibody to all 3 types. The response to the oral vaccine was less dramatic. The relationship between pre-existing antibody and the further response and the implications for susceptibility to reinfection will be discussed. PMID- 7227653 TI - Poliomyelitis in the Netherlands. PMID- 7227654 TI - Experience of vaccination with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccines in Iceland. AB - Iceland, as a few other European countries, has used inactivated vaccine against poliomyelitis from the beginning in 1956. No cases of paralytic polio occurred since 1960. For 17 years neither isolations of poliovirus nor suspected cases of the clinical disease have been recorded. Studies on neutralizing antibodies in sera of vaccinees were not too encouraging after 4 injections. A 5th vaccination of IPV was therefore given to those children who lacked antibodies to any type of poliovirus. One month after the 5th injection 70% had antibodies against all 3 types of poliovirus and only 2% lacked antibodies against both types 1 and 3. In countries where no virus to boost immunity exists any longer during the life of an individual it may be necessary to secure booster effects at regular intervals after primary vaccination and later in life. This will be included in the vaccination schedule against polio in Iceland. PMID- 7227655 TI - Combined use of live and killed vaccines to control poliomyelitis in tropical areas. PMID- 7227656 TI - The prevalence of diabetes in the rural and urban Polynesian population of Western Samoa. AB - Rural-urban comparisons of diabetes prevalence were made in te Polynesian population of Western Samoa. The prevalence of diabetes in the urban population was almost three times that in the rural (10.1% versus 3.6%). While the urban male and female subjects were significantly more obese than their rural counterparts, the difference in prevalence rate could not be wholly explained on the basis. Diabetes prevalence was still approximately double in urban subjects when we compared the rural and urban populations after removing the differences in obesity and age. The results suggest that, apart from age and obesity, other factors, e.g., differences in diet, physical activity, or stress (or a combination of these), may participate in the rural to urban difference in diabetes prevalence. PMID- 7227657 TI - Nonenzymatic glycosylation of basement membranes: in vitro studies. AB - Incubation of purified rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with [14C]-glucose in vitro resulted in the incorporation of [14C] into acid-precipitable radioactivity in a reaction that was time and temperature dependent. Findings with rat lens capsule basement membrane (LCBM), an anatomically distinct but chemically similar extracellular matrix, incubated for varying times at different temperatures with [14C]-glucose at constant specific activity were similar. Nonenzymatic glycosylation of basement membrane, documented by hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde generation after incubation with unlabeled glucose, increased in proportion to the ambient glucose concentration over a range of 5- 100 mM. Acid-precipitable radioactivity also increased in proportion to [14C] glucose concentration, although this method overestimated glycosylation about 15 fold at 5--20 mM glucose and 50-fold at 50--100 mM glucose. Coupled with recent in vivo studies, these findings indicate that exposure to increased glucose concentration alters the chemistry of glomerular and other basement membranes. Since accumulation of basement membrane characterizes several of the microangiopathic sequelae of diabetes, the role of increased nonenzymatic glycosylation on the structure, function, and metabolism of basement membrane warrants investigation. PMID- 7227658 TI - The effect of antisera to insulin, 2-deoxyglucose-induced hyperglycemia, and starvation on wound healing in normal mice. AB - Wound healing was examined in normal C57BL/6 male mice treated with antiserum to insulin or 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and in mice starved for 33 h. Hyperglycemia was induced after antiserum or 2-DG treatment; the blood glucose was lowered in the starved mice when compared with controls. Small dermal wounds were made in the ears of the mice 1 h after the initial injection of antisera or 2-DG. The starved group were wounded after 25 h of fasting. All animals were biopsied 8 h later. The wounds were examined by light microscopy and wound components (capillaries, fibroblasts, PMNs, collagen, and edema) were quantitated by lineal point analysis. Mice treated with antisera to insulin and mice starved for 33 h had an impaired healing response; the mice treated with 2-DG had a response similar to controls. These results suggest that hyperglycemia, per se, or the production of any toxic metabolites from high blood glucose levels could not alone induce the poor healing response. The depressed response in the antiserum-treated and starved mice may be due to the decreased availability of insulin to the wound tissues. These data support the hypotheses that insulin is a necessary component for an adequate wound healing response. In addition to a role in glucose transport and metabolism, insulin may also promote cellular growth. PMID- 7227659 TI - Comparison of oral glucose tolerance tests and mixed meals in patients with apparent idiopathic postabsorptive hypoglycemia: absence of hypoglycemia after meals. AB - The relationship between symptoms of idiopathic postabsorptive hypoglycemia and glucose homeostasis was evaluated by giving oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and mixed meals to 18 patients and 16 controls. Chemical hypoglycemia after OGTT occurred as often in patients referred because of possible hypoglycemia symptoms, 18 out of 80 (23%), as in controls, 4 out of 16 (25%). After glucose, patients showed both clinical and chemical hypoglycemia (mean +/- SE plasma glucose, 48 +/ 3 mg/dl), but insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone responses were similar to controls. After mixed meals, no chemical hypoglycemia occurred in patients (mean plasma glucose, 79 +/- 3 mg/dl), yet 14 out of 18 (78%) had symptoms and/or signs consistent with hypoglycemia. No abnormality of glucose homeostasis was observed after meals that could account for symptoms or signs experienced by patients with idiopathic postabsorptive hypoglycemia. Since factors other than hypoglycemia appear to be involved, the disorder should be termed the idiopathic postprandial syndrome to avoid the connotation of chemical hypoglycemia. PMID- 7227660 TI - Platelet survival in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Platelet survival by 51chromium labeling was determined in six normal control subjects and in twelve patients with diabetes mellitus, before and after improved glucose control (mean HbA1c 10.5 +/- 2.2% and 7.1 +/- 1.8%, respectively). Mean platelet survival was 9.47 +/- 0.85 days for the normal subjects and 9.04 +/- 1.40 and 9.90 +/- 1.05 for the diabetic subjects in hyperglycemic and improved glycemic states, respectively. The differences between these values were not statistically significant. However, platelet survivals performed in three diabetic patients who had severe retinal disease requiring photocoagulation were significantly shortened compared with nonsmoking control subjects (P less than 0.05) or to patients without severe retinopathy (P less than 0.01). These observations imply that measurable changes in in vivo platelet survival occur after the development of small vessel disease. It remains to be determined whether abnormalities described for diabetic platelets in vitro or changes in in vivo platelet physiology contribute to the initiation or propagation of vascular disease in the hyperglycemic individual. PMID- 7227661 TI - The degree of sialylation of ApoC-III is altered by diet. PMID- 7227662 TI - Effects of plasma glucose concentration on glucose utilization and glucose clearance in normal man. AB - Glucose clearance (glucose utilization divided by plasma glucose) is commonly used to assess glucose utilization under conditions in which plasma glucose concentrations vary. The validity of this practice requires that glucose clearance itself be independent of plasma glucose concentration. The present studies were, therefore, undertaken to determine the relationship between glucose clearance and plasma glucose concentration in man. Using the glucose clamp technique, rates of glucose utilization (measured isotopically with 3-3H-glucose) and glucose clearance were determined in 5 normal volunteers at steady-state plasma glucose concentrations of approximately 60, 95, 130, and 165 mg/dl, while plasma insulin concentrations were maintained constant (approximately 18 microU/ml) by infusion of insulin and somatostatin. Despite virtually identical 0.4 mg X kg-1 X min-1 increments in glucose utilization for each 35-mg/dl increment in plasma glucose, glucose clearance decreased as a function of plasma glucose concentration (r = -0.85, P less than 0.001). These results indicate that glucose clearance is not independent of changes in plasma glucose concentration and, thus, use of glucose clearance to evaluate glucose utilization of differing plasma glucose concentration is not valid. Whether this conclusion also applies to similar use of clearance for other substrates remains to be determined. PMID- 7227663 TI - Acquired double pylorus or gastroduodenal fistula. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of acquired double pyloric channel in a 62-year-old man is reported, with a review of the available literature on the topic. Double pylorus or gastroduodenal fistula is a rare condition, nearly always following a penetrating and fistulous ulcer; there is no particular or autonomous clinical picture, and the diagnosis is usually made by means of radiology and endoscopy. PMID- 7227664 TI - Acute pancreatitis associated with tumour metastases in the pancreas. AB - Acute pancreatitis is an unusual feature of non-pancreatic neoplasia. The presentation and clinical course of 7 patients with carcinoma metastatic to the pancreas is reported. In 5 the initial presentation was acute pancreatitis, and in the remaining 2 the diagnosis was made at autopsy. The primary sites of cancer were in the stomach (5 patients), bronchus (1 patient) and tonsil (1 patient). PMID- 7227665 TI - Effect of secretin on serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity in alcoholics. AB - Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) was studied with a newly developed radioimmunoassay in human subjects. The intravenous administration of secretin was followed by an evident increase of serum TLI significantly greater in alcoholics as compared to controls. PMID- 7227666 TI - Biliary cholesterol saturation and weight reduction--effects of fasting and low calorie diet. AB - The effects of fasting or a 600-cal diet on biliary lipid composition were studied in 20 persons with overweight. With complete fasting for 20 days and a mean weight loss of 650 g/day, biliary cholesterol fell significantly from 10.1 to 6.9 mol% and the 'lithogenic index' from 1.0 to 0.7. Following fasting, the index, in 10 of the 11 patients, was in the normal range below 1.0. With a 600 cal diet, in agreement with findings by other authors, there was no significant change of individual bile lipids or of the lithogenic index. While it has been shown that lithogenicity increases up to 16 h of fasting, it obviously significantly decreases with continued fasting. Fasting, therefore, in addition to manipulation of dietary cholesterol and, possibly, fiber consumption, appears to be an effective method for rapid lowering of biliary cholesterol saturation. PMID- 7227668 TI - Bombesin delays gastric emptying in the rat. AB - Bombesin, administered by the intraperitoneal route, delayed gastric emptying in conscious rats in a dose-dependent fashion (1--16 microgram/kg). This effect is unlikely to depend on systemic effects of the peptide and is most probably connected with the direct spasmogenic action on the gastroduodenal junction already pinpointed in previous investigations. PMID- 7227667 TI - Influence of fucoidan on the intestinal absorption of iron, cobalt, manganese and zinc in rats. AB - Fucoidan was extracted from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum with boiling water and purified by repeated precipitation steps. Increasing doses of fucoidan (1.2- 200 mg) were injected together with 360 nmol 59Fe-(FeCl3) or 60Co-(CoCl2) into tied-off jejunal segments of two groups of rats fed either a normal (160 mg Fe/kg) or a low iron diet (5 mg/kg). Fucoidan together with 360 nmol 54Mn-(MnCl2) or 65Zn-(ZnCl2) was administered in the same manner in rats fed a normal diet only. Fucoidan administered in doses above 30 mg decreased the absorption of iron, cobalt, manganese and zinc in normal rats, and the absorption of iron and cobalt in iron-deficient rats. This inhibitory effect of fucoidan on the absorption of heavy metals is apparently the consequence of the formation of metal complexes which are poorly absorbed from the intestinal lumen. PMID- 7227669 TI - Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. Case report with radiological and ultrastructural study. AB - A 16-year-old boy with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia presented with peripheral edema of 6 weeks duration. Laboratory and radiological studies included absolute lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, steatorrhea, abnormal stool 51Cr albumin value, edema of small intestinal folds, dilated mesenteric lymphatics, as well as bilateral filling defects in external and common iliac lymph nodes. Abdominal CT scan revealed a possible periaortic mass. Small intestinal biopsies demonstrated normal villous architecture with dilated lacteals, and electron microscopy revealed enterocytes with normal as well as blunted microville, enlarged, dilated lacteals and intercellular vacuoles. An exploratory laparatomy was performed and revealed no masses but dilated serosal lymphatic vessels. Medical treatment, including marked restriction of long chain triglyceride intake, resulted in loss of peripheral edema, weight stabilization, and normal activity. PMID- 7227670 TI - Hymenolepiasis: an unusual cause of diarrhoea in Western Europe. AB - A young Indian man presented in England with a 6-month history of diarrhoea which started just before leaving India. He was found to have tropical enteropathy and H. nana infestation, but while the infestation and symptoms disappeared with antihelminthic treatment, the tropical enteropathy persisted. Hymenolepiasis is not well recognised as a cause of diarrhoea amongst Asians in Western Europe. PMID- 7227671 TI - Effect of coffee on human lower oesophageal function. AB - The effect of coffee on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) and intraoesophageal pH was assessed in 10 healthy volunteers, in the fasting state and after a standard Lundh test meal. LOSP was measured by the rapid pull-through technique. Coffee with or without milk has no significant effect on LOSP in the fasting subject. The Lundh meal alone (mean drop = 2.01 cm H2O), or when coffee with (mean drop = 1.80 cm H2O) or without milk (mean drop = 3.47 cm H2O) was taken after it, produced a significant drop in LOSP. Heartburn following coffee does not appear to be due to an effect of coffee on the lower oesophageal sphincter but is more likely due to the effect of a previous meal on sphincter pressure with associated acid reflux. PMID- 7227672 TI - Effect of pancreatic duct ligation on the hamster intestinal mucosa. Variation of several hydrolases. AB - Hamster intestinal hydrolase activities were studied after pancreatic duct ligation for periods of 5, 7, 10, 15 and 30 days. From the 7th to the 10th day, maltase and sucrase were significantly increased in the jejunoileum. Higher levels were observed on day 7 in the duodenum for all the brush-border enzyme activities (maltase, sucrase, aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase). Intestinal lysozyme significantly increased from the 5th to the 15th day with a maximal level at the 7th day. The increased levels of brush-border enzymes observed here are not in accordance with our description of villous atrophy after pancreatic duct ligation in the hamster. On the other hand, the important increase in lysozyme activity is in good agreement with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the Paneth cells which we observed during our morphological study. The morphological and biochemical findings on hamster small intestine confirm the effects of exocrine pancreatic secretion both on differentiation and on enzymatic levels of the mucosa. Besides, this experiment agrees with the direct desorbing action of the pancreatic juice on the brush border and suggests another hypothetical mechanism, still worth being investigated, to explain increased brush-border activities in the duodenum and increased levels of lysozyme in the jejunoileum. PMID- 7227673 TI - In vitro inhibition of rat intestinal surface hydrolysis of disaccharides and dipeptides by guaran. AB - The effect of guaran on intestinal surface hydrolases was studied in everted jejunal segments by measuring the hydrolysis of maltose and phenylalanylglycine. On the basis of kinetic experiments, guaran was found to inhibit competitively the hydrolysis of these substrates only if the cleavage was performed with intact tissue. Hydrolysis in mucosal homogenates was not affected by guaran, indicating that this polysaccharide may increase the diffusion barrier overlaying the mucosa and thus may retard final digestion of carbohydrates and peptides. PMID- 7227674 TI - Acoustic radiation from bone vibrators. AB - Our purpose was to investigate the influence of acoustic radiation produced by bone vibrators at 4000 Hz on bone conduction (BC) testing. In one study, BC thresholds were obtained with a Radioear B-70A, B-71, and B-72 vibrator when the subject's ear canal was unoccluded and occluded. In another study, probe-tube microphone measurements were made just inside the entrance to the ear canal for each vibrator and for an air conduction source at comparable sensation levels. Results of both studies were interpreted to indicate that the B-70A and B-71 produced minimal acoustic radiation. However, the B-72 was found to have excessive acoustic radiation which would be sufficient to influence BC thresholds and produce an invalid high-frequency air-bone gap. PMID- 7227675 TI - Pop music and hearing. AB - Several factors indicate the possibility of sensorineural hearing loss in connection with pop music. However, very few investigations have examined the hearing in pop musicians and their audience. Sensorineural hearing loss was only demonstrated in 5% of musicians. In our own material, we found a sensorineural hearing loss in 13% defined as a mean pure-tone threshold at 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz of more than 20 dB HL. The hearing loss was, as expected, correlated with age, duration of exposure, military service, etc. Temporary threshold shift measurements showed that musicians were more resistant to pop music noise than the audience and that female listeners were more resistant than male listeners. The findings leave many interesting questions concerning the relationship between noise and hearing loss. PMID- 7227677 TI - Between and within listener variability in response to CID W-22 presented in noise. AB - Two studies were conducted wherein college students with normal hearing sensitivity listened to CID W-22 recordings (Technisonics Studios) mixed with white noise. Four-word discrimination scores were obtained from each listener. In one study, a speech-to-noise ratio of approximately +1 dB was used whereas +7 dB was used in the other. Large standard deviations and low correlations indicate that the use of background noise with this clinical word discrimination test is associated with a relatively large amount of response variability and unreliability. These results suggest that the performance score obtained from a single list of CID W-22 presented in noise may not be a reliable indicator of a listener's true discrimination ability and therefore clinical interpretation of a listener's performance should be made with caution. PMID- 7227678 TI - A modified polymer foam earplug for the hearing aid evaluation. AB - Functional gain was compared with 12 subjects using three earmold conditions: an E-A-R polymer foam earplug modified for use with a hearing aid, a personal custom earmold, and a best-fit receiver-type stock earmold. Functional gain was equivalent between the modified E-A-R earplug and the custom earmold conditions. The stock earmold condition resulted in a significant shunting of low-frequency amplification. The gain control of the personal hearing aids could be adjusted to the user comfort level gain setting without resulting in acoustic feedback in only the modified E-A-R earplug and custom earmold conditions. These findings are discussed relative to the hearing aid evaluation. PMID- 7227679 TI - Ear canal collapse: a case presentation. AB - The effects of collapse of the external ear canals due to pressure from earphones have been documented and discussed by several authors during the past 2 decades. This report presents a case of ear canal collapse in a child and demonstrates the value of impedance audiometry in cases of collapse of the external ear canal. PMID- 7227676 TI - The use of the Staggered Spondaic Word and the competing environmental sounds tests in the evaluation of central auditory function of learning disabled children. AB - Children aged 6 to 12 years with intelligence and pure-tone hearing within the normal range (91 functioning academically within the middle 50% and having uneventful hearing health histories and 76 demonstrating learning disabilities) were evaluated with dichotic central auditory listening tasks. Auditory response patterns were established and analyzed for normal and learning disability specific performance. Children with learning disability-specific performance. Children with learning disabilities performed more poorly than "normal" peers on verbal and nonverbal listening tasks, suggesting learning disabled children may be identified by auditory performance on dichotic listening skills. PMID- 7227681 TI - Energy conservation--a community hospital experience. PMID- 7227680 TI - Otodental dysplasia: a five year study. AB - Peripheral auditory sensitivity is documented over a 5-year period on 4 cases with otodental dysplasia. Age of onset is noted for the proband and indicates that onset of this progressive hearing loss occurs as early as the first decade. Findings suggest that the hearing loss plateaus by the fourth decade, resulting in a severe, flat, bilaterally symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss. The audiometric configurations are similar in all affected members of the kindred evaluated. Speech discrimination scores of the observed magnitude are somewhat uncharacteristic for the type and degree of impairment observed. Differential diagnostic audiometric test results suggest a cochlear site of lesion. PMID- 7227682 TI - Government aid for institutional energy conservation. PMID- 7227683 TI - Financial incentives for energy management. PMID- 7227684 TI - A three-step energy program. PMID- 7227685 TI - Saving energy with dimmer controls. PMID- 7227686 TI - Extending linen life in hospitals. PMID- 7227687 TI - Health care technology standards: medical gas systems. PMID- 7227688 TI - Energy--the 50 million dollar question. PMID- 7227689 TI - Wanted: a uniform reporting system. PMID- 7227690 TI - O.R. nursing: the challenge of the eighties. PMID- 7227691 TI - Dwindling resources in hospital laundry services. PMID- 7227692 TI - Why have all the nurses gone? PMID- 7227693 TI - Mission plus creativity equals marketing. PMID- 7227694 TI - Clinical engineering in NB: the provincial experience. PMID- 7227695 TI - Clinical engineering in NB: the regional experience. PMID- 7227696 TI - Cost containment in the nursing department. PMID- 7227697 TI - [The health manpower situation]. PMID- 7227698 TI - Psychological preparation of children for surgery. PMID- 7227699 TI - Prevalence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy measured by simple bedside tests. AB - To investigate the prevalence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy, five simple bedside tests, beat-to-beat variation during quiet respiration, beat-to-beat variation during forced respiration, heart rate and blood pressure response to standing, heart rate response to exercise, and heart rate response to Valsalva's manoeuvre were applied to 75 male insulin-dependent diabetics, mean age 40 years, (range 30-49 years). The subjects were subdivided into three groups according to duration of diabetes, which was between 0 and 40 years. Twenty-eight healthy age matched male controls were also studied. The prevalence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy in the whole diabetic population indicated by abnormal response in beat-to-beat variation during forced respiration was 27%. Diabetic autonimic neuropathy increased in frequency with duration of disease. Patients with nephropathy or proliferative retinopathy had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy as indicated by abnormal beat-to-beat variation during forced respirations (p less than 0.01) than patients without these complications. PMID- 7227700 TI - Assessment of the new criteria for diabetes mellitus according to 10-year relative survival rates. AB - The validity of the new diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus for Japanese subjects was assessed by the long-term prognosis of 501 patients, found in an epidemiological survey of 6,681 people in a Japanese town. Ten-year relative survival rates were examined in relation to the 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (serum glucose determined by a ferricyanide method). Subjects were classified using the new criteria. The prognosis of normal subjects (fasting glucose less than 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/l) and 2-hour glucose level less than 140 mg/dl) and of subjects with fasting glucose less than 140 mg/dl and 2-h 140-200 mg/dl (7.8-11.1 mmol/l) did not differ from that of the general population. Diabetics (fasting greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl and 2-h greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl) showed a significantly reduced survival rate, corresponding to an excess mortality. Subjects with a fasting level less than 140 mg/dl and 2-h greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl had a relative survival rate similar to that of normal subjects. As a group, fasting levels greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl indicated a reduced survival rate, regardless of the 2-h level, while those with a 2-h level greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl alone failed to show a significantly reduced survival rate. Thus, the fasting glucose values appeared to be more closely related to death rate than the 2-hour glucose values. PMID- 7227701 TI - Fetal macrosomia in diabetic multiparous animals. PMID- 7227702 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin levels in a colony of spontaneously diabetic rabbits. AB - Elevated glycosylated haemoglobin values have been observed in overtly diabetic animals from a colony of spontaneously diabetic rabbits. Chemically diabetic and normal animals did not show elevated levels. Overtly diabetic animals averaged 12.2% glycosylated haemoglobin versus 4.3% for chemically diabetic and 3.9% for normal animals. Increased levels did not correlate with plasma glucose concentration. Some chemically diabetic and normal animals progressed with time to a more severe diabetic classification. Glycosylated haemoglobin levels at the high end of the range of values for normal animals are predictive of this progression especially in certain litters. PMID- 7227703 TI - A new test to study diabetic autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 7227704 TI - Visceral afferent and efferent connections in the brain. PMID- 7227705 TI - Investigation of cell patterning in the asexual fruiting body of Dictyostelium discoideum using haploid and isogenic diploid strains. AB - The cell patterning (proportion of spores, stalk cells, and basal disk cells) of individual asexual fruiting bodies of haploid and isogenic diploid strains of D. discoideum was examined to test the hypothesis that the patterning mechanism is based on the 'sensing' of only a single parameter, e.g., cell volume, in dividing the aggregate into the three cell types. If cell patterning is based on sensing only a single parameter, there is no reason to predict a change in cell patterning with ploidy change, and thus haploid and isogenic diploid strains should not differ in their cell patterning. The cell patterning of each of the three pairs of haploid and isogenic diploid strains examined was different. Therefore we conclude that the cell patterning mechanism must involve at least two components not changing in the same way with change in ploidy. The cell patterning of both the haploid and the diploid strains was qualitatively similar, i.e., relationships between the three cell types were described by equations of the same form in the haploid and diploid strains. However a quantitative change in cell patterning led to an increased percentage of stalk and basal disk cells in each diploid compared to its parent haploid. The ratio of basal disk to stalk cell was also greater in the diploids than in their parent haploids. We conclude that these are general ploidy-related changes because the cell patterning of each of the three parent haploid strains was different; the average percentage of stalk cells was 11.6% for X22 (12.4% for its diploid DU162), 20.5% for NP73 (27.2% for its diploid DP62), and 24.5% for HU127 (29.1% for its diploid DU310). One possible patterning mechanism could involve a diffusible signal (s), which shows gene dosage, interacting with cell-surface molecules which we predict occupy a limited number of sites per unit area of the cell membrane. The observed change in cell patterning leading to an increased percentage of stalk cells in diploid strains is predicted from such a model involving diffusible signal interacting with cell-surface molecules. PMID- 7227706 TI - Cell patterning in Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 7227707 TI - [Unusual usefulness of prazosin in the diagnosis and preoperative treatment of pheochromocytoma. Considerations on a personal case]. PMID- 7227708 TI - [Cryoglobulinemias: biochemical and anatomo-histological aspects and clinical manifestations. Report of a case of mixed cryoglobulinemia]. PMID- 7227709 TI - [Mechanism if action of calcium antagonists (nifedipine) and their value in the treatment of ischemic coronary diseases]. PMID- 7227710 TI - [Tiadenol in the treatment of primary hyperlipidemias]. PMID- 7227711 TI - Establishment of a carcinoembryonic antigen-producing cell line from human pancreatic carcinoma. AB - A human pancreatic carcinoma cell line of islet cell origin (QGP-1) has been established and maintained for over two years. The parent tumor and the cultured cell line produce carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and there is no evidence of hormone secretion from the tumor cells. The epithelioid cells, which had migrated from rounded, irregular cell aggregates, grow as a confluent monolayer with piling up of cells in some areas, and have a population doubling time of 3.5 days. The modal chromosome number was 50. Exponentially growing cultures produce 76.3 ng of CEA/10(6) cells after 7 days. CEA production was confirmed by immuno peroxidase staining. PMID- 7227712 TI - Inhibition of metabolic cooperation in Chinese hamster cells by various chemical including tumor promoters. AB - The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and other chemicals on the contact-feeding phenomenon were investigated. The death of 6-TGr cells was prevented by TPA even upon culture with 3 times as many wild-type cells as in TPA free medium. Seven out of 18 chemicals tested were shown to inhibit the phenomenon of metabolic cooperation. They were concanavalin A, lithocholic acid, chaetoglobosin A, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, urea, anthralin and saccharin. Among known tumor promoters, sodium deoxycholate, estradiol and phenobarbital did not inhibit the phenomenon of metabolic cooperation. PMID- 7227713 TI - Chromosome aberrations induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with adenomatosis coli. AB - We have studied the chromosomal sensitivity to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) of human diploid skin fibroblasts derived from individuals with adenomatosis coli (AC), which is a dominantly inherited disorder associated with multiple adenomas of the colon and rectum. Spontaneous frequencies of chromosome aberrations in the cell strains from the AC patients were similar to those in the control cells from normal individuals. However, the AC cells exhibited elevated chromosome instabilities when cells were expected to MNNG, with aberration frequencies approximately twice as high as in similarly treated control cells. The present results, together with findings by others, suggest that the AC cells are defective in a function which regulates cellular condition and are in a state more susceptible to the action of agents that react with chromosomal DNA. These findings also raise the possibility of developing a diagnostic procedure for early detection of abnormal gene carriers of AC. PMID- 7227714 TI - Antitumor activity of platinum(II) complexes of 1,2-diamino-cyclohexane isomers. AB - Dichloro, dibromo, oxalato, malonato, dinitrato, sulfato and mono and bis-(D glucuronato) platinum(II) complexes of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (dach) isomers were prepared and tested on L1210 mouse leukemia employing the NCI protocol for evaluation of Pt analogs. A large number of long-term survivors were observed with certain analogs, though the therapeutic indices (optimal dose/minimum effective dose) were not large. Among the analogs tested, the oxalato, malonato, dinitrato and mono-(D-glucuronato) Pt(II) complexes of trans-1,2 diaminocyclohexane were found to be particularly effective. The glucuronato Pt complexes appear to be promising candidates for clinical trial since they have the highest solubility in water. PMID- 7227715 TI - Purification and characterization of a mouse serum glycoprotein increased in level by administration of an antitumor polysaccharide, lentinan. AB - One of the three kinds of mouse serum proteins increased in level by the administration of lentinan, designated LA, was found to be ceruloplasmin (p diphenol:O2:oxidoreductase; EC 1.14.18.1) which contains copper atoms and has amine oxidase activity. This mouse ceruloplasmin is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 135,000, and its chemical composition is very similar to that of human ceruloplasmin. PMID- 7227716 TI - Serological analysis of cell surface antigens on AKR thymic lymphomas. PMID- 7227718 TI - Critical evaluation of prophylactic splenectomy in total gastrectomy for the stomach cancer. AB - In gastric cancer surgery, an extended radical operation is commonly performed, and in cases of total gastrectomy, there is a tendency to perform splenectomy at the same time. However, some surgeons have reservations regarding this treatment in connection with the possible preservation of the host resistance. The question arises, is it reasonable to accept, by simple analogy with prophylactic lymphadenectomy the concept of the prophylactic splenectomy? The present study was designed to cast light on this problem. In order to examine the value of prophylactic splenectomy in gastric cancer surgery, a comparable patient group was followed up, and it was found that the non-splenectomized group showed a significantly better late survival rate than the splenectomized group (P less than 0.005), the 4-year survival rate being 63% in the former group and 36% in the latter group. Although these results do not necessarily contraindicate combined splenectomy, it seems desirable to reappraise the value of prophylactic splenectomy in cases having no metastasis in the splenic hilar and adjacent lymph nodes. PMID- 7227717 TI - Comparison of antitumor activities of nitrosourea derivatives against mammary breast carcinoma (MX-1) in nude mice. AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the antitumor activities of six nitrosourea derivatives against the xenograft of mammary breast carcinoma transplanted in nude mice (MX-1). The drugs employed in this study were 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5 pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU), 1-(2 chloroethyl)-3-(methyl alpha-D-glucopyranos-6-yl)-1-nitrosourea (MCNU), 1-(2 chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea (GANU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3 cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1 nitrosourea (Me-CCNU), and 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-2-deoxyl-D glucopyranose (DCNU, chlorozotocin). CCNU and Me-CCNU were administered intraperitoneally, and the other were given intravenously through a tail vein. Antitumor activities were assessed in terms of the drug-induced tumor growth inhibition based on caliper measurements. A single treatment with ACNU (40 mg/kg) induced 92% tumor regression, compared to 73% and 69% tumor regression induced by MCNU (15 mg/kg) and CCNU (50 mg/kg), respectively. GANU and DCNU were less effective. To evaluate the antitumor activity of the drugs, we employed the predetermined dose lethal to one-tenth of BDF1 mice (LD10) for each drug as a standard therapeutic dose to nude mice; doses higher than LD10 and one-half and/or one-fourth of LD10 were also given. The results suggest that LD10 in BDF1 mice could be employed as a standard therapeutic dose in the chemotherapy of nude mice. PMID- 7227719 TI - Application of the enzyme histochemical method for the isolation of HeLa variant inducibly producing the Kasahara isozyme of alkaline phosphatase. AB - A cloning method utilizing the enzyme histochemical procedure was applied to isolate variant HeLa subclones which produce different alkaline phosphatase isozymes. Phosphate was used to distinguish between Kasahara isozyme and Regan isozyme. The use of filter paper made it possible to determine the localization of the Kasahara isozyme-positive colonies. By this method, two variant clones, HeLa S3-10 KP and HeLa S3-10 KN, were isolated. Kasahara isozyme was induced in the former by increased cell density, but not in the latter. PMID- 7227720 TI - A cytotoxicity assay using 3H-uridine and emulsions scintillator. AB - In immunological studies, cytotoxicity assay are extremely important. The assay method was modified so that the radioactivity of beta-decaying isotopes in a large volume of aqueous sample could be counted. Through tests of various scintillators, it was found that emulsion scintillators had a higher counting efficiency than toluene- or dioxane-based scintillators. The results obtained by this method using an emulsion scintillator agreed well with those obtained by the 51Cr release method. The advantages of the emulsion scintillator method are as follows: (a) the activity of a beta-decaying isotope can be counted in a large volume of aqueous sample, (b) a long half-life beta-decaying isotope can be used, (c) the effects of free labeled materials can be eliminated by simple procedures, and (d) no gamma counter is needed. PMID- 7227721 TI - Effect of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil on spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma of mice. AB - The antitumor activity of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) in various schedules of long-term oral administration was examined in spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma of SHN mice, an autochthonous tumor system. In the control group, the average time to local recurrence and average longevity after surgical intervention were 21 and 48 days, respectively. Oral administration of HCFU at 200 approximately 300 mg/kg/day, 3 times a week for 5 consecutive days every 2 or 3 weeks was markedly effective against the adenocarcinoma. The optimal schedule was 20 administrations of HCFU at 300 mg/kg/day, 3 times a week. The average time to local recurrence after the operation was increased to 200% and average postoperative survival was also prolonged to 150%. Growth of the tumors was slower and lung metastases at autopsy were found to be suppressed by HCFU. The effect of HCFU in delaying local recurrence and prolonging longevity was slightly affected by the schedule of administration. PMID- 7227722 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on rat urinary bladder epithelium treated wtih N-butyl N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. AB - The effect of cyclophosphamide (CP) on the urinary bladder epithelium of rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) was examined histologically to detect preneoplastic papillary or nodular hyperplasia. The urinary bladder epithelium of rats injected intraperitoneally with 40 or 80 mg/kg body weight of CP after treatment with 0.025% BBN for 2 weeks showed extensive epithelial erosion and then simple, or papillary or nodular hyperplasia, but this soon almost disappeared. In contrast, rats given BBN alone showed papillary or nodular hyperplasia later. These findings indicate that epithelial damage by CP inhibited the early neoplastic process of BBN. PMID- 7227724 TI - A molecular orbital study on the carcinogenicity of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diol-epoxides. PMID- 7227723 TI - Application of a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiofiberscope for endoscopic examination of the esophagus in rats. PMID- 7227725 TI - Increased radiation morbidities, hypocupremia and hyperlipoperoxidemia in the rat induced by D-penicillamine administration. PMID- 7227726 TI - Transformation of fibroblasts from a patient with adenomatosis coli by treatment with a chemical carcinogen. PMID- 7227727 TI - Presence of 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a: 3',2'-d]imidazole in broiled cuttlefish. PMID- 7227728 TI - Presence of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole in broiled beef. PMID- 7227729 TI - [Epidemiology of esophageal cancer in France and throughout the world]. PMID- 7227730 TI - [Esophageal and gastric cancers in France. Mortality time trends: 1951-1976 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227731 TI - [Incidence of esophageal cancer in Cote-d'Or (France) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227732 TI - [Esophageal cancer mortality in the French departments of Calvados and Orne (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227733 TI - [Reflux esophagitis: epidemiology, histology, and course in 123 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227734 TI - [Lipase secretion in child celiac disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227735 TI - [Interest of endoscopy for the diagnosis of adult coeliac disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227736 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum and perforative appendicitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227737 TI - [Serum secretory IgA in liver diseases and various other disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227738 TI - [Portacaval anastomosis for intractable cirrhotic ascites. A study in 18 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227740 TI - [Is endoscopic polypectomy of polyps with invasive carcinoma a sufficient therapy?]. PMID- 7227739 TI - [Portal hypertension, cholestasis and the pulmonary interstitial syndrome in a 58 year-old woman]. PMID- 7227741 TI - [Adult celiac disease disclosed by small intestine resection and associated with chronic liver disease]. PMID- 7227743 TI - [Gallbladder cancer in a chronic carrier of Salmonella]. PMID- 7227744 TI - [What is the significance of portal blood ammonia?]. PMID- 7227742 TI - [Bacterial peritonitis in carcinomatous ascites: 2 cases]. PMID- 7227745 TI - [Biliary scintigraphy: actual innovation or nuclear gadget?]. PMID- 7227746 TI - [Hepatobiliary radioisotopic examination in the diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227747 TI - [Peritoneo-jugular shunt for intractable ascites in cirrhosis: 88 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227748 TI - [Importance of lipid dispersion in the aqueous phase during the phenomena of digestion and absorption]. PMID- 7227749 TI - [Bile salts and lipids in aqueous intraluminal phase during the digestion of a standard meal in normal man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227750 TI - [Study of 103 chronic pancreatitis complicated with cyst (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227751 TI - [Value and hazard of explorative laparotomy in chronic and diffuse enteromesenteric lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227753 TI - [Hepatitis caused by amineptine : 2 cases]. PMID- 7227752 TI - [Primary rectal malignant melanoma. A case report and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227754 TI - [Peptic esophagitis and scleroderma: apropos of a case of the CREST syndrome]. PMID- 7227755 TI - [Intestinal manifestations of Behcet's disease : a diagnostic problem. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7227756 TI - The increase in putrescine content in the gastric mucosa of rats with ulcerations induced by restraint-immersion stress. AB - By means of high-performance liquid-chromatography, the putrescine, spermidine and histamine contents in the gastric mucosa were examined during the course of ulceration in rats by the restraint-immersion stress. (1) The putrescine content increased progressively during the course of ulceration with the continuing stress whereas after being released from the stress the content decreased gradually to a significantly lower level than that immediately after 12 hours of the stress. (2) The spermidine content in the gastric mucosa was unchanged during the course of ulceration with continuing stress nor after being released from the stress. (3) The mucosal histamine content decreased significantly after 4 hours under the continuing stress. (3) Extensive histological examination revealed the appearance of regenerating epithelium 36 hours after being released from the stress whereas no such finding was seen before that period. From the above findings, it has been speculated that the increase in the gastric mucosal putrescine content during the course of ulceration induced by restraint-immersion stress is probably due to the stimulated adrenal function by the stress, independently of the regeneration of gastric mucosa. PMID- 7227757 TI - Clinico-pathological significance of the DNA histogram patterns in cancer cell nuclei of the stomach and the esophagus. AB - Cytofluorometric analysis of nuclear DNA content was performed in carcinoma cells of the stomach and the esophagus and the exclusive four types of the DNA histogram patterns were established. In 33 patients with carcinoma of the stomach 7 (87.5%) out of 8 with Type I and 3 (50%) out of 6 with Type II in the DNA histogram pattern were the superficial types of carcinomas. Eighteen (81.8%) out of 22 patients with advanced gastric carcinoma belonged to Type III or IV in the DNA histogram pattern and there was only one of the superficial spreading carcinoma seen in these Types. The superficial spreading carcinoma (Stout 10) is generally reported to take more favorable clinical course than the usual advanced ones and the above data were supported that the DNA histogram pattern was associated with prognostic important property of invasive growth. In 34 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus 4 out of 7 with Type I in the DNA histogram pattern have been living more than 3 years following surgery with poor lymphatic permeation (14.3%) around the tumor. While, 6 out of 9 with Type IV had an early recurrence of cancer causing postoperative death within a year after surgery with high incidence of lymphatic permeation (77.8%) around the tumor. Thus, the DNA histogram pattern in the cytofluorometric DNA analysis of the tumor cells seems to give valuable information about the malignancy degree of the individual tumor, which is not possible to obtain only from the cytomorphological features. PMID- 7227758 TI - Follow-up study of chronic pancreatitis. AB - The general profile of pain in the evolution of pancreatitis was analysed in relation to exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function in 127 patients with primary chronic pancreatitis followed up over 3 years. Pain decreased or disappeared in 67.8% and 55.9% of calcifying pancreatitis, respectively. While pancreatic exocrine function remained abnormal in spite of an improvement of pain in 72% of 18 patients with calcifying pancreatitis, it improved with the amelioration of pain in 64% of 25 patients with non-calcifying pancreatitis during the follow-up period. Alcohol abstinence seems most important for pain relief in patients with non-calcifying pancreatitis but not calcifying pancreatitis. Changes in glucose tolerance test were not related with those in pain. In calcifying pancreatitis, 69.2% of patients with calcifying pancreatitis were diabetic or became so, while 66.7% of patients with non-calcifying pancreatitis remained non-diabetic during the observation period. PMID- 7227759 TI - Changes in morphology of the distal common bile duct associated with aging. AB - A gross and microscopic study has been made of the changes associated with aging in the distal common bile duct of normal humans. Grossly a progressive narrowing develops with aging at the level of the preampullary portion of the common bile duct. On the contrary, the pancreatic portion of the common bile duct has a tendency to dilatation with aging. Histologically the thickening and sclerosis of the wall in the preampullary portion represent the changes increasing in degree with aging, consisting of: 1) submucosal glandular proliferation and fibrosis, and 2) intermuscular glandular proliferation and fibrosis. On the other hand, the diffuse sclerosis in the pancreatic portion gradually occurs with aging, consisting of: 1) proliferation and fragmentation of elastic fibers, and 2) increase in collagen fibers. Factors influencing the development of these changes associated with age are discussed. The author presumes that decrease in response to an upward tendency of the intraductal pressure resulting from diffuse sclerosis in the wall of the common bile duct, in addition to a progressive narrowing of the preampullary portion, may be responsible for dilatation of the common bile duct, moreover, bile stasis and infection on the biliary tract. It is suggested therefore that these alterations with aging process in the terminal bile duct may be a responsible agent in the formation of common duct stones. PMID- 7227760 TI - Augmented utilization of branched-chain amino acids by skeletal muscle in decompensated liver cirrhosis in special relation to ammonia detoxication. AB - Femoral arterio-venous (A-V) differences of blood free amino acids and plasma ammonia (NH3) were simultaneously determined after an overnight fast in 16 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in the absence and presence of encephalopathy, as compared with those in 8 control subjects. In spite of increased releases of phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr) from the peripheral tissue, releases of isoleucine (Ile) and leucine (Leu) as well as alanine (Ala) were found to be significantly reduced in decompensated liver cirrhosis, particularly in the presence of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, NH3 was found to be significantly taken up by the skeletal muscle of these patients, and a positive correlation was observed between arterial NH3 level and the A-V differences of Leu, of Ile and of Ala. These findings strongly suggest that net degradation (or utilization) of branched-chain amino acids (in particular, Leu and Ile) is enhanced in the muscle for detoxication of ammonia (i.e., glutamine synthesis) by supplying the carbon skeleton and energy in cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 7227761 TI - Effects of truncal vagotomy on tissue gastrin content and G cell density in rats. AB - Tissue and serum immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay, and antral G cell density was studied by immunofluorescence in seven non-operative and ten vagotomized (one month postoperatively) rats. In the non-operative rats, tissue IRG concentration was overwhelmingly high in the antrum, especially in the distal antrum, and much less in the small intestine, in which it tended to be lower toward the distal part. There were no significant differences between the vagotomized and non-operative rats in antral G cell density, antral tissue IRG concentration, total IRG content of the anterior antrum and serum IRG level, although significantly increased wet weight of the specimen, which was considered a result of the operation, was observed in vagotomized rats. The presence of G cell hyperplasia after vagotomy cannot be confirmed from our one-month postoperative observations in rats. PMID- 7227762 TI - Pathological study of chronic D-galactosamine induced hepatitis in mice by administration of adjuvants - an animal model of the chronic active hepatitis. AB - An animal model for human chronic active hepatitis was created in inbred C-57 Black mice using prolonged (13 weeks) administration of D-Galactosamine (GalN) and adjuvants. Intraperitoneal injections of GalN (1,500 mg/kg) were repeated once a week. Simultaneously, Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was given subcutaneously to limbs. These mice showed a progressive inflammatory response; piecemeal necrosis of the portal area with marked cellular infiltration developed by the 13th week. The figure of severe liver cell degeneration and necrosis as well as lobular distortion and increased fibrous tissue closely resembled those in human chronic active hepatitis. Only a mild inflammatory response occurred in the groups given GalN alone or GalN with Freund's incomplete adjuvant. All mice given GalN wit BCG developed massive hepatic necrosis and died by the 4th week. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody detection technique showed little correlation between the disease activity and the presence of anti-liver cell membrane antibody in any of the group at the 13th week. The importance of the host immune reaction was indicated in the development of chronic hepatitis. PMID- 7227763 TI - Studies on alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in gastric carcinoma tissues. AB - An analysis of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme in 75 gastric carcinoma tissues was performed. The properties and the originating cells of ALP isoenzymes in them were clarified by using both enzyme histochemical and biochemical methods which had respective superiorities. Also the relationship between intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma was discussed. Liver, placental and small intestinal type ALPs were found in the carcinoma tissues. No ALP activity was found in the carcinoma cells except in the stromal cells in 46 out of 75 cases. In all of these cases, only liver type ALP was found. While, in 29 cases, the activity was also found in carcinoma cells. In these cases, placental and small intestinal type ALPs were found in addition to liver type ALP in 26 and 3 cases, respectively These results indicated that liver type ALP came from the stromal cells and placental and small intestinal type ALPs came from carcinoma cells. The ALP found in carcinoma cells was placental (Nagao isoenzyme) type in most cases. While, the ALP in intestinal metaplastic epithelial cells was small intestinal type in all cases. No sufficient evidence indicating the relationship between intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma was obtained in respect of ALP isoenzyme. PMID- 7227764 TI - Serum glutathione S-transferase in experimental liver damage in rats. AB - The changes of serum glutathione S-transferase (GST) was observed after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration to Wistar rats. Serum GST activity increased rapidly and reached the peak 24 hours after CCl4 administration, and decreased rapidly thereafter. Centrilobular massive necrosis was already observed at the peak time of serum GST activity. On the other hand, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities varied slowly, and the peak time of GOT and GPT activities was 36 hours after CCl4 administration. GST-containing Y fraction obtained from rat liver was injected intravenously to control and nephrectomized rats, and the plasma disappearance of GST activity was observed. The plasma disappearance of GST activity was very rapid in the control rats. When the Y fraction obtained from 1/12 g liver was injected, no statistically significant difference in the plasma GST half lives was observed between the control and nephrectomized rats. Half life of serum GST was significantly shorter in control rats receiving the Y fraction from 1/60 g liver, comparing with that in nephrectomized rats receiving the same amount of Y fraction. From these results, serum GST is concluded to be a precise index of the early stage of hepatic necrosis in the rat, and considerable amount of GST is excreted from the kidneys, but most of the enzyme is metabolized in vivo. PMID- 7227765 TI - Three cases of early stage carcinoma of the gallbladder. AB - Three cases of early stage carcinoma of the gallbladder are reported. In two cases, radiolucent shadow was demonstrated on cholecystogram. The masses were papillary adenomas with foci of adenocarcinoma. In the third case, the cholecystogram did not reveal particular findings except for shadows of numerous tiny gallstones. The malignancy was completely unexpected clinically, even after gross inspection of the organ. It was an incidental finding of microscopic examination, which disclosed abundant Rokitansky-Aschoff's sinuses associated with foci of cytologically malignant cells in the muscular layer. It was explained as malignant change of epithelium on one of the sinuses. All three patients underwent simple cholecystectomy. So far they have been free from evidence of metastasis or recurrence. The diagnosis and treatment of early carcinoma of the gallbladder are discussed. PMID- 7227766 TI - A case of granuloma of the ascending colon due to penetration of Trichuris trichiura. AB - A 33 year-old woman was admitted with chief complaint of abdominal pain and high fever. A barium-enema showed serration and a tumor was seen in the proximal ascending colon. At laparotomy, a localized tumor about 5 cm in diameter was located in the proximal portion of the ascending colon. The operation was made according to the ileoceal resection. On the macroscopic examination of the resected specimen, a small hole penetrating into the subserosa of the ascending colon was noticed and a tumor measuring approximately 3 x 1.2 x 1 cm was located under the hole. A female worm, Trichuris trichiura, was found to be harbored in the adjacent site of the lesion. Histopathologic examination revealed granulomatous tissue reaction due to penetrating of Trichuris trichiura. The patient is in good health now 20 months after operation. PMID- 7227767 TI - Gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin levels in chronic pancreatitis. AB - Of 114 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 19 (16.7%) has gastric or duodenal ulcers. Patients with moderate pancreatic exocrine dysfunction tended to show high acid output and low serum gastrin levels, while those with severe dysfunction had slightly lower acid output and higher serum gastrin levels. The higher the degree of pancreatic fibrosis, the higher tended to be the acid output and serum gastrin levels. Not all patients with ulcers developed hypergastrinemia. The mechanism of acid hypersecretion and ulcer formation in patients with chronic pancreatitis cannot be explained solely by pancreatic deterioration, fibrosis or gastrin release; a decrease in the production and release of gastric inhibitory hormone should be taken into consideration. PMID- 7227768 TI - Cholesterol absorption in cirrhosis: the role of total and individual bile acid pool size. AB - Dietary cholesterol absorption was studied in patients with either "mild" (n = 23) or "severe" (n = 12) liver cirrhosis in relation to both total and individual bile acid pool size. Cholesterol absorption was significantly reduced in both groups of patients, and it was inversely related (r = -0.68; p less than 0.001) to the severity of the disease. Total, cholic acid, and deoxycholic acid p ool sizes were significantly reduced in cirrhosis, and a correlation was found between cholesterol absorption and cholic acid pool size (r = 0.78; p less than 0.001). In 5 patients, cholesterol absorption and bile acid pool size were estimated both before and after treatment with cholic acid (15 mg/kg/day) plus ampicillin (2 g/day). The treatment was followed by a mean threefold increase of cholic acid pool and by a sharp enhancement of cholesterol absorption in each patient. In conclusion, cholesterol absorption is often impaired in cirrhosis and is related to the severity of the disease. The correlation between cholic acid pool and cholesterol absorption and the constant increase of the absorption values after cholic acid pool expansion suggest that the size of cholic acid pool may be considered as an important factor in the regulation of cholesterol absorption. PMID- 7227769 TI - Mechanisms for reduced hepatic clearance and elevated plasma levels of bile acids in cirrhosis. A study in patients with an end-to-side portacaval shunt. PMID- 7227771 TI - Factors in the mechanism of diarrhea in bile acid malabsorption: fecal pH--a key determinant. PMID- 7227770 TI - Influence of smoking on healing rate of duodenal ulcer in response to cimetidine or high-dose antacid. AB - Fifty consecutive patients with symptomatic endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer were randomized double-blind to Mylanta II or cimetidine treatment schedules. Smoking habits were noted, but patients were not advised to alter these. Healing was determined by reendoscopy at 6 wk. Eighty percent of patients on active cimetidine and 52% on active Mylanta II had healed at 6 wk (not significantly); 85% of nonsmokers healed compared to 44% of smokers (p less than 0.03). In smokers, cimetidine achieved healing in 50%, Mylanta II in 39% (not significantly); while in nonsmokers, cimetidine achieved healing in 100%, Mylanta II in 67% (not significantly). These results indicate a significant and equally adverse effect of smoking on the healing rate of duodenal ulcer achieved by either cimetidine or Mylanta II. PMID- 7227772 TI - Clinical features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an endemic area of the United States. AB - Infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, the most common intestinal parasite at our hospital, was encountered in 56 patients over a 3-yr period. The majority of the patients were male adults over 50 years old who had a chronic debilitating associated illness; about half the patients were immunocompromised. Strongyloidiasis was usually a chronic relapsing illness of mild to moderate severity characterized by gastrointestinal complaints (diarrhea, pain, tenderness, nausea, vomiting) and peripheral eosinophilia. Hypoalbuminemia also occurred. Stool examination for larvae was an effective method of diagnosing the parasite, and treatment with thiabendazole was usually successful. The frequent occurrence of S. stercoralis in geriatric patients with other medical problems and the delays in making the diagnosis suggest that the clinical spectrum of strongyloidiasis is greater than generally appreciated by the medical profession. Increased awareness of S. stercoralis is important to prevent the hyperinfection syndrome, which was estimated to occur in 1.5-2.5% of our patients. PMID- 7227773 TI - Size of liver particles emptied from the human stomach. PMID- 7227774 TI - Gastrointestinal transit: the effect of the menstrual cycle. AB - Gastrointestinal transit time as well as serum estradiol and progesterone levels were measured in 15 normally menstruating women twice during their menstrual cycle, once in the follicular phase (days 8-10) when progesterone levels are low and once in the luteal phase (days 18-20) when progesterone levels are increased. Each subject had a progesterone rise during the luteal phase and onset of menses at the expected time documenting ovulatory cycles. Gastrointestinal transit time from ingestion of lactulose to the delivery of the disaccharide to the cecum was determined by monitoring breath hydrogen levels at 10-min intervals. Gastrointestinal transit time was significantly (p less than 0.01) prolonged in the luteal phase when progesterone levels were increased compared with the follicular phase. This study demonstrates that the menstrual cycle plays an important role in determining the gastrointestinal transit time in normally menstruating women. PMID- 7227775 TI - Esophageal pH monitoring during sleep identifies children with respiratory symptoms from gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 7227776 TI - Demonstration of an assay for specific cytolytic antibody in sera from patients with ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7227777 TI - Intestinal absorption of vitamin D sterols: differential absorption into lymph and portal blood in the rat. PMID- 7227778 TI - Delayed ontogenic development in the bypassed ileum of the infant rat. AB - Ontogenic development continues after birth in mammalian enteric epithelium as an adaptive mechanism to extrauterine life. In the rat, particularly significant developmental changes in enteric structure, function, and cytokinetic properties occur over a short critical period (usually between 16 and 20 days of age), preparatory to dietary change with weaning. Surgical bypass of ileal segments was performed on suckling rats of 12-14 days of age, and the effect on subsequent intestinal development was studied in both the bypassed and the shortened segment remaining in continuity. The bypassed segment, although achieving normal maturational patterns of active sucrase appearance and maltase accumulation, continued to maintain coincident immature patterns of high lactose activity and low cell turnover times. The intestine in continuity showed precocious appearance of active sucrase and accumulation along with maltase to greater than control levels, accompanied by a normal coincident decline in lactase activity and enterocyte life-span. Involvement of intraluminal influences on various parameters of enteric ontogenic development is thus indicated with the effects expressed by a delay in the excluded (bypassed) segment and by stimulation in the shortened segment in continuity. Data are presented in further support of the hypothesis that the life-span of the enterocyte serves postnatally as a primary determinant of enteric lactase levels. PMID- 7227780 TI - What should we tell cirrhotics about drinking? PMID- 7227779 TI - Prostaglandin E2-mediated secretory diarrhea in villous adenoma of rectum: effect of treatment with indomethacin. AB - Biochemical and clinical evidence is presented to indicate that prostaglandin (PG)E2 is the mediator of fluid and electrolyte secretion by villous adenomas of the rectum. A 64-yr-old man with a 2-mo history of mucous diarrhea had, on admission, prerenal uremia, severe hyponatremia, and hypokalemia. At sigmoidoscopy an 11 X 11-cm villous adenoma of the rectum was revealed. The rectal fluid discharge was 1800-1825 ml/day, with sodium and potassium concentrations of 150 and 12 mEq/L, respectively. Immunoreactive PGE2 levels in the rectal effluents were high (viz. 1160-1250 pg/ml vs. 200-395 pg/ml) compared with those in stool water from patients with infectious diarrhea. The concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the tumor was lower (viz. 10.5 pmol/g vs. 100-700 pmol/g) than in normal colonic mucosa. Indomethacin treatment (24 mg X 4 daily) reduced the rectal PGE2 excretion from 2.2 to 0.3 microgram/day and caused a decrease in the rectal fluid loss of 850 ml/day associated with a similar reduction in rectal sodium excretion. Discontinuing medication, a rise in the rectal excretions of PGE2, fluid, and sodium was observed. In conclusion, PGE2 formation in the villous adenoma appears to be the cause of fluid secretion by the abnormal tumor epithelium. The use of PG synthetase inhibitors may facilitate the preoperative correction of severe fluid electrolyte deficits in patients with large villous adenomas of the rectum. PMID- 7227781 TI - Pain and long-term function after pancreaticojejunostomy. PMID- 7227782 TI - Endotoxemia in cirrhosis. PMID- 7227783 TI - Treatment of achalasia. PMID- 7227784 TI - Endoscopic duct obstruction--is it an alternative to surgery for pain relief in chronic pancreatitis? PMID- 7227785 TI - Endoscopic injection sclerosis (EIS) of esophageal varices: rebirth of an old technique. PMID- 7227786 TI - More on esophageal ulcerations due to tetracycline and doxycycline therapy. PMID- 7227787 TI - Misguided wire. PMID- 7227788 TI - Excessive premedication of diazepam. PMID- 7227789 TI - Gastric lipoma excision. PMID- 7227790 TI - Autoendoscopy. PMID- 7227791 TI - Endoscopic biopsy for LDH pattern. PMID- 7227792 TI - Endoscopic duct obstruction in severe chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7227793 TI - Prophylaxis of infective endocarditis during colonoscopy: report of a survey. AB - Ninety-eight directors of infectious disease training programs responded to a questionnaire about bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis for susceptible patients during colonoscopy. Although 54% recommended a penicillin and an aminoglycoside, antibiotics commonly used to protect against the enterococcus, there are no published data to support the use of prophylaxis. Most directors of gastrointestinal training programs do not routinely use antibiotic prophylaxis during colonoscopy. If antibiotics are chosen, they should include a penicillin and an aminoglycoside or vancomycin (alone or with aminoglycoside) at the dosage schedule suggested by the American Heart Association Committee. PMID- 7227794 TI - The risk of type B hepatitis infection in flexible fiberoptic endoscopy. AB - In Nigeria, where the carrier rate of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) is between 5 and 10%, it must be assumed that the instrument used for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy has had contact with an HBsAg-positive patient. The risk of type B hepatitis transmission via upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was evaluated, therefore, in 61 patients who were followed for 1 year after the procedure. Four of these patients were "carriers" of HBsAg. None of the study group developed jaundice or hepatomegaly during the follow-up period. In 21 patients, serial liver function tests and screening for HBsAg were obtained. None of the 19 seronegative patients developed abnormal liver function tests or converted to HBsAg-positive. It is concluded that, while transmission of HBsAg is theoretically possible, the risk appears minimal. HBsAg positivity should not be a contraindication, therefore, in patients who need endoscopic assessment for definitive management. PMID- 7227796 TI - A simple, rapid technique for producing color prints from 35-mm transparencies. PMID- 7227795 TI - Dissolution of retained duct stones by perfusion with monooctanoin via a Teflon catheter introduced endoscopically. AB - Retained bile duct stones in patients who have undergone prior cholecystectomy are removed by operation or endoscopic sphincterotomy. We achieved dissolution of cholesterol duct stones by perfusion with monooctanoin, a commercially available mixture of medium chain glycerides. Sixteen patients were treated in whom endoscopic sphincterotomy was impossible or unsuccessful. In 12 patients, 16 stones were dissolved within 6 to 25 days (mean, 15.6 days). In all successfully treated patients elevated serum liver enzymes became normal during therapy. PMID- 7227798 TI - [Effect of organ ablation on oogenesis in the crab Eriocheir sinensis in the natural state and after removal of Y organ]. PMID- 7227797 TI - Metabolism of testosterone and progesterone by gastrointestinal tissues of the pike (Esox lucius). PMID- 7227799 TI - Peripheral androgen concentrations and testicular morphology in embryonic and young male Japanese quail. PMID- 7227801 TI - Isolation and identification of female-specific serum lipophosphoprotein (vitellogenin) in the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). PMID- 7227800 TI - Active vitellogenesis in precocene-treated Locusta migratoria. PMID- 7227802 TI - Steroid-induced synthesis of vitellogenin in the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). PMID- 7227803 TI - Production of androgen and estradiol-17 beta by Xenopus ovaries treated with gonadotropins in vitro. PMID- 7227804 TI - Estrogen synthesis in vitro and in vivo in the brain of a marine teleost (Myoxocephalus). PMID- 7227805 TI - Adipokinetic activity of shrimp and locust peptide hormones in butterflies. PMID- 7227806 TI - Calcitonin content in the ultimobranchial gland of the snake, Elaphe climacophora: comparison of adults, young, and hatchlings. PMID- 7227807 TI - Effect of exogenous estradiol-17beta on plasma vitellogenin levels in male and female Chrysemys and its modulation by testosterone and progesterone. PMID- 7227808 TI - Effect of ambient osmolarity and calcium on porlactin cell activity and osmotic water permeability of the gills in the teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus. PMID- 7227809 TI - Plasma T4 and T3 levels in Ambystoma tigrinum at various stages of metamorphosis. PMID- 7227810 TI - Tracheolization and the effects of implantation of corpora allata on the invagination of tracheoblasts into the developing flight muscle fibers of Locusta migratoria. PMID- 7227811 TI - Steroidogenesis by gonads of normal and of diethylstilbestrol-treated quail embryos: radioimmunoassays on organ cultures. PMID- 7227812 TI - The effect of testosterone upon a photoperiodically induced cycle of gonadotropin secretion in castrated canaries, Serinus canarius. PMID- 7227813 TI - Seasonal changes in testosterone metabolism in the pituitary gland and central nervous system of the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). PMID- 7227814 TI - Thyroid in reproduction of reptiles. PMID- 7227815 TI - Hibernation in thyroidectomized ground squirrels, Spermophilus richardsoni. PMID- 7227816 TI - Rehabilitating the elderly arthritic. PMID- 7227817 TI - UTI in the elderly: common yet atypical. PMID- 7227818 TI - How to prevent confusion in hospitalized elderly. PMID- 7227819 TI - Appropriate investigation of stroke and dementia. PMID- 7227820 TI - Keeping peptic ulcers under control. PMID- 7227821 TI - New concepts in viral hepatitis. PMID- 7227822 TI - Protecting the elderly against drug-induced hearing loss. PMID- 7227823 TI - [Industrial hygiene on the eve of the 26th Congress of the CPSU]. PMID- 7227824 TI - [Hygienic aspects of exposure to biological factors in modern animal husbandry]. PMID- 7227825 TI - [Hygienic and technical economic aspects of using surface-active substances for dust suppression]. PMID- 7227826 TI - [Organizational aspects of preventing dust-caused lung diseases in Donbass miners]. PMID- 7227827 TI - [Course and prognosis of dust-caused bronchitis]. PMID- 7227828 TI - [Structural and functional characteristics of erythrocyte membranes exposed to toluene]. PMID- 7227829 TI - [Health and hygiene assessment of the working conditions in the automated magnetodynamic casting of pig iron]. PMID- 7227830 TI - [Mathematical approach to detecting the chronic action of low concentrations of industrial poisons]. PMID- 7227831 TI - [Comparative full-scale trials of dust control devices]. PMID- 7227832 TI - [New technology and the problem of optimizing working conditions]. PMID- 7227833 TI - [Assessment of the total work stress in categories of precision operations]. PMID- 7227834 TI - [Hazard of body lead intake in storage battery manufacture]. PMID- 7227835 TI - [Quantitative determination of the mineral component of bone tissue in electrical bridge crane operators]. PMID- 7227836 TI - [Morphological changes in the upper respiratory tracts and lungs of animals subjected to the inhalation uptake of fiber glass dust]. PMID- 7227837 TI - [Establishing an MPEL for ruthenium dioxide in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7227838 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of nitrosamines in the atmosphere]. PMID- 7227839 TI - [Hygienic characteristics and the ways to promote healthy working conditions in electroslag metal smelting]. PMID- 7227840 TI - [Role of ultradian rhythm in the development of monotony]. PMID- 7227841 TI - Developmental body of composition of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). AB - The longitudinal growth of 69 newborn squirrel monkeys fed control semipurified diets from birth as well as the developmental chemical analysis of 51 carcasses is reported. Males were significantly heavier than females at birth and every age thereafter. Exponential curves fitted to the first two years of life in each sex showed that age and weight were highly correlated (R2 = 0.999). Therefore, the four major carcass components (water, protein, fat and ash) were expressed as a function of a single variable--body weight. Water and protein content were linearly related to body weight over a wide range of growth whereas fat and ash were more variable. Using linear regression analysis, no sex differences were found. On a percentage basis, body fat content was uniformly low (2.7%) at birth and increased to variable levels thereafter. Therefore, the subsequent analyses were done on a fat-free basis. Per cent protein (nitrogen X 6.25) increased from 16.3 at birth to 23.8% at adulthood with water decreasing from 76.4 to 68.9%. The protein:water ratio was 0.213 at birth and increased to an adult value of 0.345. The developmental curves indicated that approximately 70 to 75% of this maturation occurred in the first 3 weeks of life and was completed on, or before, 20 weeks of age. Per cent ash increased significantly from 4.41 at birth to 5.10% at adulthood. PMID- 7227842 TI - Additional growth--a link between mammalian testes, avian ovaries, gonadal asymmetry in hermaphrodites and the expression of H-Y antigen. AB - In human hermaphrodites, testes are preferentially situated on the right and ovaries on the left side. This asymmetry can be related to the results of measurements on the growth of fetal gonads. Testes exceed ovaries in weight, protein and DNA contents in fetuses of the same crown-rump length, and in both sexes, right gonads exceed left gonads in the same criteria. These findings, support the hypothesis that in mammals, a basic growth rate will convert the bipotential gonadal rudiment into an ovary while an increased growth rate is required for testicular development. Relative growth rates of chick embryo gonads are largely, although not entirely, the opposite of those in mammals: during the major period of gonadal differentiation, the ovary exceeds the testes in growth. The expression of H-Y antigen in birds and mammals seems to correspond to the presence of the faster growing gonad. These data do not support the hypothesis that H-Y antigen is the primary determiner of sex but a secondary involvement is likely. PMID- 7227843 TI - Load transmission through the proximal femur of the growing child: a finite element analysis. AB - Growth-related variations in the distribution of mechanical stress in the normal juvenile proximal femur are explored using a computer-based finite element stress analysis technique. Input data for the model are obtained from serial patient roentgenograms and from laboratory compression tests of fresh autopsy material. The results for the limiting case of epiphyseal closure (18-year-old male) are in substantive agreement with previous experimental and mathematical studies of the adult proximal femur. The computational results for the juvenile hip show that in spite of the complex morphological alterations occurring during growth, the basic mechanisms of load transmission at first ambulation are still operational at skeletal maturity. Foremost among these are the distally-concentrated weight bearing compressive stresses in the primary trabeculation system, the abductor induced tensile stresses in the greater trochanter, and the large longitudinal stresses within the proximal femoral cortices. As growth advances, however, the importance of transverse compressive stresses in the proximal lateral metaphysis progressively diminishes, while shearing stresses in the plane of the epiphyseal plate increase markedly. These two major growth-related changes results largely from decreases in the neck-shaft angle, and if excessive, may be implicated in development coxa vara or slipped capital femoral epiphysis. PMID- 7227844 TI - Effect of litter size on the physical growth and maturation of the offspring of rats given alcohol during gestation. AB - A study was conducted to determine if retarded postnatal growth and maturation of the offspring of rats receiving alcohol prior to and during gestation could be corrected by adjusting litter size at birth to 3 pups. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (200 to 220 g) were divided into 3 dietary treatment groups. Group 1 (alcohol) was fed ad libitum a stock diet (Purina Rat Chow) plus 20% alcohol in drinking water for at least 4 weeks before mating and 30% alcohol throughout gestation. Group 2 was pair-fed the stock diet and corn starch calorically equivalent to the amount of alcohol consumed. Group 3 (control) received the stock diet and water ad libitum. In each group litters were reduced to 3 or 8 pups on the first day of birth. After birth all animals had free access to water and stock diet until day 51 post conception. In agreement with previously reported studies, the offspring of alcohol-fed rats were lighter in body weight and smaller in body and tail length at all ages than were the controls. However, animals maintained in litters of 3 were not significantly different in weight and length from those raised in litters of 8, either for alcohol group or the controls. The pair-fed litters were not significantly different from the ad libitum controls. Skeletal measurements and calf muscle widths of alcohol fed rats at day 51 post conception were significantly less than those of ad libitum controls of the same litter size, with the pair-fed animals lying somewhere in between. However, in no case did alcohol or control animals raised in litters of 3 differ from the same group maintained in litters of eight. Total bone maturity scores of alcohol-fed offspring were significantly retarded, relative to pair-fed and ad libitum controls, but within any group, litters of 3 did not differ from litters of eight. The results of this study indicate that retarded postnatal growth and maturation of the offspring of rats receiving alcohol prior to and during gestation represents a direct effect of alcohol and is not a consequence of underfeeding. PMID- 7227845 TI - Growth rate and composition of skeletal muscle of chickens fed different raw legume diets. AB - A significant impairment in the rate of growth and food efficiency, along with an increase in the non-protein nitrogenous fraction and a decrease in the sarcoplasmic nitrogenous fraction of the skeletal musculature, was found in chickens fed ad libitum over a 7-week period on the raw legumes V. faba, G. soja, V. ervilia, and Ph. vulgaris. The possible nature of these effects is discussed. PMID- 7227846 TI - Growth and differentiation of chicken embryos in simplified shell-less cultures under ordinary conditions of incubation. AB - The growth and differentiation of chicken embryos maintained in evaporating dishes as shell-less cultures were compared to that of control embryos in ovo under the same conditions of incubation. The development of cultured embryos appears to be indistinguishable from that of embryos in ovo up to 10 days of total incubation. Thereafter, the growth of shell-less embryos is significantly retarded as evidenced by morphological criteria of the Hamburger-Hamilton stages of development, body weight, tibia length, and total protein content. Cultured embryos are smaller in size than controls, but show normal morphological features including a fully-differentiated skeleton. Skeletal defects and other anomalies were not detected in any of the specimens studied. Limitations as to the use of the simplified method of culture are evaluated and discussed. PMID- 7227847 TI - Body shape in prepubescent children. AB - The present study was designed to investigate changes in body shape during growth in 219 children ages six to ten years. Body shape was determined by a series of bone diameter measurements. Regression analysis was employed as a means of comparing changes in one measure relative to another. Sex differences in body shape were also examined. The results revealed significant (P less than .05) sex differences between biacromial width and extremity diameter composite (EDC) vs. height, biacromial width vs. biiliac width, and EDC vs. trunk diameter composite. These, findings indicate both age and sex influence body shape in six to ten year old children. PMID- 7227848 TI - The net weight of the rabbit liver and its relevance for asialoglycoprotein clearance. AB - The net weight of the liver was established in 144 rabbits from isotopic determination of the quantity of residual blood in the hepatic vascular bed. Residual blood was proportional to the liver weight, amounting to 16.9% of the gross liver weight in animals that had not been exsanguinated. Net liver weights were a linear function of the body weight in the range from 0.9 kg to 5.8 kg. However, this was not true for rabbits aging 10-12 weeks where one liver out of four exhibited marked overweight due to the presence of excess quantities of metabolites. Changes in the composition of the body that accompany sexual maturation are thought to be responsible for this phenomenon. Plasma membrane function of differently sized livers was compared by determinations of the maximal hepatic clearance of a glycoprotein possessing terminal galactosyl residues (chicken alpha 1-acid glycoprotein). Results showed the clearance function to be unaffected by storage-related fluctuations in net liver weight over a two-fold range. PMID- 7227849 TI - The prediction of skeletal mass in growing and adult beagles. AB - A number of equations was developed to predict skeletal mass in living beagles, utilizing data from 92 dogs aged 0-3103 days. Twenty eight independent variables were utilized are predictors. These included sex, age, body weight, four external measurements and 21 measurements taken on eight individual bones. The derived predictive equations were ordered as to complexity, i.e., using minimal to maximal information. Skeletal mass could be best predicted when the beagles were divided into four age groups. The use of criteria other than the adjusted coefficient of determination (Ra(2)) was helpful in selecting the single best predictive equation from a subset offered by the computer. Average relative predictive errors could be reduced to 4--8% with maximal information as compared to 11% or more when only minimal information was (hypothetically) available. A single ratio of skeletal to body weight was shown to give poor results when used as the sole criterion for estimating skeletal weight. PMID- 7227850 TI - Growth of pika in laboratory confinement. AB - Captive-born pikas (Ochotoma princeps) from 13 litters were maintained for up to three months in a laboratory setting. Mean litter size was 2.69 +/- 0.75, with litters of three the most frequent, and representing 68% of all litters observed. Mean individual birthweight was 11.7 g with a range of 8.8 to 16.8 g. Weights were taken every other day from birth, which yielded a growth curve equation of y = 12.18 + 1.72x. There was a strong positive linear correlation between bodyweight and time (r = 0.98, P less than 0.001), and a significant difference was noted between sexes, with females the heaviest. Subjects reached adult weight within 3 months. These data represent the first reports of growth in this species, and indicate that pikas are among the fastest growing species within the order Lagomorpha. PMID- 7227851 TI - Effect of prednisolone on prostaglandin synthesis by rectal mucosa in ulcerative colitis: investigation by laminar flow bioassay and radioimmunoassay. AB - The effect of two concentrations of prednisolone on synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by 40 rectal biopsies in organ culture was investigated using both laminar flow bioassay and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Prednisolone (concentration 8.33 x 10( 7)M) reduced mean synthesis of PGE2 to 36.4% of control values (measured by bioassay) or 26.2% of control values (measured by RIA). With prednisolone (concentration 5.66 X 10(-4) M) synthesis of PGE2 was 7.7% of control values (RIA). The two concentrations are similar respectively to those achieved in plasma after oral prednisolone and delivered topically by prednisolone enemata. Inhibition of PG synthesis may thus explain prednisolone's anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7227852 TI - Oral zinc supplements in non-responsive coeliac syndrome: effect on jejunal morphology, enterocyte production, and brush border disaccharidase activities. AB - Three patients with clinically mild non-responsive adult coeliac syndrome were treated for eight weeks with oral zinc sulphate, and detailed biochemical and morphological studies were performed on the jejunal mucosa before and on treatment. Plasma zinc levels were reduced before treatment and rose to normal levels with therapy; mucosal zinc was normal before treatment and increased after therapy. Oral zinc supplementation did not alter the villous morphology, intraepithelial lymphocyte count or in vitro enterocyte production rate. In addition, there was no improvement in the clinical status of the patients. There was, however, a small increase in the activity of certain of the brush border disaccharidases. This effect may be due to direct stabilisation of the brush border membrane. The clinical value of zinc supplements in coeliac syndrome remains to be determined. PMID- 7227853 TI - In vitro diagnosis of cow's milk protein sensitive enteropathy by organ culture method. AB - The criteria that are used at present to diagnose cow's milk protein sensitive enteropathy (CMPSE) are based on an in vivo milk challenge which can be hazardous and life threatening. We have used an organ culture model to determine the usefulness of this technique in establishing the diagnosis of CMPSE on the basis of a single biopsy with in vitro milk challenge. Fourteen infants with diarrhoea clinically suspected to have CMPSE were studied prospectively. On the basis of milk challenge studies seven infants had CMPSE. They had clinical reaction to cow's milk with associated histological changes and depression of alkaline phosphatase levels in the jejunal mucosa. In all seven cases parallel changes in alkaline phosphatase levels were noted in the organ culture specimens of initial biopsy subjected to in vitro challenge. The seven control infants tolerated cow's milk and did not have histological changes. The alkaline phosphatase levels were moderately increased in the jejunal mucosa in five of the seven infants. The alkaline phosphatase levels in the organ culture specimens of initial biopsy were increased after in vitro challenge in all seven infants. This study suggests that organ culture methods may be useful in the vitro diagnosis of CMPSE, and also obviate the need for in vivo oral milk challenges and repeated biopsies. PMID- 7227854 TI - Prospective study of periostitis and finger clubbing in primary biliary cirrhosis and other forms of chronic liver disease. AB - The association of finger clubbing and periostitis has been reported in primary biliary cirrhosis and, more rarely, in other forms of chronic liver disease. The prevalence of periostitis and its relationship to finger clubbing is unknown. In this prospective study, we have determined the prevalence of periostitis and finger clubbing in 74 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 54 with other forms of chronic liver disease. Clubbing was present in 24% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 29% with HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis, and 23% in the group of miscellaneous liver diseases. Symmetrical periostitis affecting the tibiae and fibulae occurred in 35% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 29% with chronic, active hepatitis and 40% of patients in the miscellaneous group. The distal radii and ulnae were affected in only eight patients (6%). In primary biliary cirrhosis, the presence of finger clubbing was strongly associated with periostitis (P less than 0.01), but this association was uncommon in other forms of chronic liver disease. In all forms of chronic liver disease periostitis commonly occurs in the absence of finger clubbing. Marked tenderness over the distal leg bones is a reliable sign of underlying periostitis, but this sign is present in only a third of affected patients. This study indicates that periostitis affecting the lower leg bones is common in patients with chronic liver disease, and its presence should be sought whether or not the patient has finger clubbing. PMID- 7227855 TI - Hyperplasia of the exocrine pancreas after small bowel resection in the rat. AB - The effect of a 90% small bowel resection on the exocrine pancreas was investigated over a three month period in adult Wistar rats. Control animals underwent a sham-resection consisting of a transection and reanastomosis of the small intestine. After jejunoileal resection, the wet weight of a gland increased significantly (52%) from the 15th day. The parallel increase in total protein, DNA and RNA content without any modification in the ratios of pancreatic weight, protein, and RNA to DNA suggests that there is cellular hyperplasia but not hypertrophy. Small intestinal resection decreased significantly the amount of amylase when expressed per unit pancreatic weight; it reduced slightly but not significantly that of chymotrypsin, while it did not modify the amount of lipase. However, the total amount of these enzymes in the pancreas remained unaltered when compared with controls. It is concluded that a massive resection of the small bowel induces cellular hyperplasia in the rat exocrine pancreas; this could compensate that reduced level of enzymes in acinar cells. PMID- 7227856 TI - Pentagastrin in diffuse oesophageal spasm. AB - The effect of pentagastrin on oesophageal motility was studied in six subjects with idiopathic diffuse oesophageal spasm (IDOS). Pentagastrin was administered by continuous intravenous infusion in doses of 1 microgram/kg/h, 5 micrograms/kg/h, and 10 micrograms/kg/h. Saline infusion was used as a control. No subject experienced pain during pentagastrin infusion. Two developed dysphagia and repetitive contractions with 'wet' swallows during the saline infusion and the lowest pentagastrin infusion. Contraction amplitude was increased only with 'dry' swallows during the 10 micrograms/kg/h infusion period. Contraction duration was increased with both 'wet' and 'dry' swallows during the 1 microgram/kg/h infusions, and with 'dry' swallows during the 10 micrograms/kg/h infusion. Propagation velocity was not altered by pentagastrin. We conclude that gastrin released physiologically by eating probably does not contribute to symptom production in IDOS. Moreover, it seems unlikely that pentagastrin, at least in these doses, can be exploited for diagnostic purposes. PMID- 7227857 TI - Anomalies of peristalsis in idiopathic diffuse oesophageal spasm. AB - Oesophageal manometry revealed 'interrupted peristalsis'--proximal sequential contraction with simultaneous pressure increases in the mid-oesophagus and sequential contraction distally--and abnormally slow distal propagation of peristalsis in seven of a consecutive series of 12 patients with idiopathic diffuse oesophageal spasm (IDOS). These two abnormalities occurred together in six patients. It is proposed that 'interruption' of peristalsis and 'slow' distal propagation are apparent rather than real, and that they reflect failure of normal luminal obliteration during oesophageal contraction. This arguments is extended to the 'aperistalsis' of achalasia. It is also proposed that IDOS, achalasia, and related idiopathic motor disorders may share a common pathogenetic abnormality--namely, functional obstruction at the level of the lower oesophageal sphincter. According to this hypothesis, the presentation of the patient and the progression of his disease are determined by the degree and duration of that obstruction, and the functional reserve of the oesophageal body musculature. PMID- 7227858 TI - Capillary blood flow in the canine colon and other organs at normal and raised portal pressure. AB - Capillary blood flow in the canine colon and other organs has been assessed over a wide range of portal pressures using radio-labelled microspheres. The proximal colon received a greater proportionate flow than the distal region. At both normal and raised pressures, the mucosa received 90% of the total colonic capillary flow. A highly significant negative correlation (P less than 0.001) was found between colonic capillary blood flow and portal pressure. A highly significant positive correlation (P less than 0.001) was found between colonic capillary blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery. PMID- 7227859 TI - Oesophageal tuberculosis: four cases. AB - Four Asian patients presented with dysphagia. In each case the oesophagus was involved by adjacent tuberculous subcarinal glands. The lungs were clear and symptoms of systemic illness were minimal. Findings at oesophagoscopy were non specific and early diagnosis rested on a high index of suspicion and a strongly positive Mantoux test. Bacteriological proof was obtained early in only two of the cases. PMID- 7227860 TI - Diffuse enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia and multiple gastric carcinoids: a complication of pernicious anaemia. AB - A man with long-standing pernicious anaemia developed multiple gastric carcinoid tumours with a background of diffuse enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia. There is evidence that enterochromaffin-like cells synthesis and store histamine and that their proliferation is stimulated by high serum gastrin levels. Gastric carcinoid tumours can be difficult to differentiate from the more common adenocarcinomas and may be a more frequent complication of pernicious anaemia than is currently recognised. PMID- 7227861 TI - [Plastic surgery of the breast]. PMID- 7227863 TI - [Using the gracilis muscle for covering defects of the vagina and vulva]. PMID- 7227862 TI - [Subcutaneous mastectomy]. PMID- 7227864 TI - [Microsurgical plastic operations of the fallopian tubes]. PMID- 7227865 TI - Condylomatous lesions of the uterine cervix with special reference to squamous cell carcinogenesis. AB - 528 women with either a dysplastic or a neoplastic change in the squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix were histologically assessed with special emphasis on the detection of the newly discovered condylomatous lesions (flat, inverted and papillomatous). A total of 289 condylomatous (CO) lesions were found, the flat being most frequent (78.9%) followed by the inverted (14.5%) and the papillomatous ones (6.6%). The mean age (31.8 years) of the women with CO lesions was significantly lower (p less than 0.0001) than that of their non condylomatous (N-CO) counterparts (43.0 years). The classical papillomatous condyloma was characterized as a lesion of the youngest age groups and associated with mild dysplasias, while the other two condyloma types were found in somewhat older women and frequently associated with more severe epithelial atypias (the severe dysplasias, in situ and invasive carcinomas). The possible role of human papilloma virus, the etiologic agent of the condylomas, as an agent responsible for or contributing to the development of the squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix was discussed in the light of the present findings. The conclusion was drawn that this possibility should be seriously considered. PMID- 7227866 TI - Preparation of purified toxoplasma gondii suspensions. AB - Simple methods for the preparation of purified suspensions of T. gondii zoites from mouse peritoneal exudate and HeLa tissue cultures are described. The suspensions from the mouse peritoneal exudate were prepared by mechanical disintegration of host cells and tryptic digestion. The average yield of purified Toxoplasma was 78%, with average purity of 99.96%. The suspensions from the tissue cultures were prepared by differential centrifugation and tryptic digestion. The average yield of Toxoplasma was 67% with average purity of 99.67%. An advantage of these procedures is their feasibility. PMID- 7227867 TI - Notes to the standardization of complement fixation reaction with Toxoplasma antigen. AB - Optimum conditions are described for the complement fixation tests, including the method of primary incubation in a refrigerator, use of serial four-fold dilutions for complement titration and serial double dilutions for haemolysin titration. An optimum haemolytic system, most sensitive to the complement and 50% unit of complement is to be found at the same time. More than 100 sera were tested simultaneously using other reactions for toxoplasmosis (microprecipitation in gel, indirect fluorescence reaction and latex test) in order to verify the appropriate dose of complement for complement fixation reaction. It was also investigated to what extent small deviations in erythrocyte concentration in the haemolytic system may influence the results of serum titration. The appropriate dose of complement was found to be five 50% units. It is recommended to correct colorimetrically the concentration of erythrocytes in the haemolytic system. The questions of an appropriate serum dilution in the titration are discussed and a rapid and exact method is chosen. A simple method of reading 50% haemolysis in complement fixation microreaction is described. PMID- 7227868 TI - Deliberations on the problems of mammomonogamus species (Nematoda, Syngamidae) in ruminants. AB - The taxonomy of mammomonogamids parasitic in ruminants is discussed with regard to their different rates of variability in Cuba and Mexico. Since their variability is large and the existence of biological species is not based on their morphology but on the reproduction isolation of populations, the authors came to the conclusion that the specific analysis of mammomonogamids will be convincing only in case that it is carried out using taxonomic experiments of special orientation. PMID- 7227870 TI - Ultrastructure of the bladder tegument of Cysticercus bovis in various stages of its development. AB - Early developmental stages of C. bovis possess microvilli on the tegument. The differentiation of microtriches occurs at the time of scolex formation. The distal cytoplasm contains rod-shaped bodies and vesicles of various sizes. Both organelles originate from subtegumental cells. During the development of the bladder wall, three types of cells differing in their structure and organization of granular endoplasmic reticulum are present in the subtegumental layer. After formation of the scolex the cells in which the glycogen is formed sink into the region of parenchyma. The distal cytoplasm contains sensory endings of only one type, which do not penetrate on the surface of the tegument and remain under the plasmatic membrane covering the distal cytoplasm. PMID- 7227869 TI - The activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase in experimental bovine cysticercosis at different stages of development. AB - The activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase was detected both in the parasite and in the tissue reaction on days 21, 23, 42, 168 and 261 after experimental infection. A very high activity of all enzymes was found in 21- and 23-day-old C. bovis in the tegument of whole bladder. In 42, 168 and 261 days old cysticerci the activity of alkaline acid phosphatase was limited only to a part of bladder surrounding the opening of the spinal canal, whereas the activity of non-specific esterase was present in the whole bladder. The activity of non-specific esterase was localized in subtegumental cells of the bladder wall and in small bodies in the bladder and scolex. These bodies increased in number with the age of the cysticercus. In the tissue reaction, a high activity of alkaline phosphatase was detected only in the period of about 20 days after infection in the layer of activated fibroblasts. The activity of acid phosphatase was demonstrated in the tissue reaction in all time periods and was localized in the histiocytes, macrophages, necrotic exudate, necrotic foci and pigment cells at the periphery of tissue reaction. These cells exhibited also the activity of non-specific esterase. PMID- 7227871 TI - Intradermal test in the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis (Cysticercus bovis). AB - The skin test was performed in cattle infected with C. bovis. The examination were carried out on naturally (23 head) and artificially infected animals (20 head) at different times after infection. Antigens prepared from T. saginata (B1, N0.1, C, Calk) and antigens extracted from activated oncospheres of T. saginata (OI and OII) were inoculated intradermally. The most active were the antigens B1, N0.1, and C prepared from T. saginata. In the majority of infected animals the antigens produced the immediate type of reaction developing the maximum intensity during 2 h post injection. It is worth mentioning that Arthus-type responses have often been observed. Uninfected animals when tested with the same antigens developed mild reaction, not exceeding 4 mm skin thickness. The second testing of the same animals after one or five months resulted in a more intensive reaction slightly resembling that one observed in infected animals. There is no correlation between titre of passive haemagglutination test and the skin test reaction in naturally infected animals. Neither the number of cysticerci with which the animal is infected has an influence on the degree of the skin edema. PMID- 7227872 TI - Spermatogenesis in Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae). AB - Basic structure and development of spermatogonia, spermatocytes (primary and secondary), spermatids and spermatozoa have been studied in H. contortus (Rud., 1803) with the aid of light microscopy. PMID- 7227873 TI - Warble flies (Hypodermatidae, Oestridae) of some wild animals from Mongolia and Tuva. AB - Three species of warble flies Pallasiomyia antilopum, Oestromyia leporina and Cephalopina titilator from four species of wild animals were found. Hitherto unknown larva of the first instar of Pallasiomyia antilopum (Pallas, 1771) collected from the saiga (Saiga tatarica L.) is described. PMID- 7227874 TI - Experimental infection of rabbit with Bhanja virus. AB - Two young female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus var. edulis) were inoculated subcutaneously with Bhanja virus (BHA) in a dose of 85 intracerebral LD50 for suckling mice (SMicLD50) and 8500 SMicLD50 (rabbit A and B, resp.). In rabbit A no clinical symptoms, nor viremia were observed, only seroconversion was revealed on day 7 p.i. On the other hand, in the rabbit B hypothermy on days 7--11 p.i., a mild adynamia on day 11 p.i. and a slight paresis on one hind leg on days 23--30 p.i. were observed; traces of BHA virus in the blood were detected on day 9 p.i. and seroconversion on day 7 p.i. The virus was not isolated from the interior organs (brain, liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs and heart) of the two rabbits dissected 38 days p.i. PMID- 7227876 TI - Regeneration of the severed sciatic nerve after its experimental reconnection. PMID- 7227875 TI - Morphometrical analysis of the metacarpal bones. PMID- 7227877 TI - The classification of muscle fibres in mammals. PMID- 7227879 TI - New findings on morphological and cyto- and histochemical peculiarities of the 17 day normal human embryo. PMID- 7227878 TI - Spermiogenesis and sperm morphology of Talpa europaea. PMID- 7227880 TI - Induction of the neural canal in young blastoderms of chick embryos (Gallus domesticus). An optic and electron microscopic study. PMID- 7227881 TI - Cytochemistry of adenyl cyclase in rat liver cells following isoprenaline treatment. PMID- 7227883 TI - Correlations between the coelomic epithelium, the gonocytes and satellite cells in tissue cultures of the indifferent human gonad. PMID- 7227882 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of protein absorption and transport by epithelial cells of the intestine and kidney. PMID- 7227885 TI - Regeneration of the abdominal vagus. PMID- 7227884 TI - Negative pressure in the epidural space and its influence on circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7227886 TI - The distribution of neurohypophyseal peptides in the brain of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri). PMID- 7227887 TI - Morphological picture of hormone synthesis in the thyroid and its dependence on neurohumoral regulatory mechanisms. PMID- 7227888 TI - Reactions of the intramural nervous apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract to disconnection from the central nervous system. PMID- 7227890 TI - Autoradiographic study of catecholamine metabolism in amphibian dermis. PMID- 7227889 TI - Age-related changes in non-collagen proteins in the long bones in man. PMID- 7227891 TI - A morphometric analysis of intratruncal nerve fibre and blood vessel relationships during nerve degeneration and regeneration. PMID- 7227892 TI - Structure of the pancreas in experimental pancreatitis and possibilities of treating it by surgery. PMID- 7227893 TI - Internal structure of some peripheral nerve trunks. PMID- 7227895 TI - Anatomy of the left "venous angle" of the neck and the ways in which the thoracic duct opens into it in monkey and in man. PMID- 7227894 TI - Kinetics of cell culture proliferation in the presence of various growth regulating factors. PMID- 7227896 TI - Changes in the proportions and correlations of the limbs of children of th town of Plovdiv from birth to the age of three years. PMID- 7227897 TI - Experimental study of development of the chick embryo adenohypophysis in serial sections of the anterior vesicle. PMID- 7227898 TI - Tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase in chick embryo hemopoiesis. PMID- 7227899 TI - Evaluation of distribution of retinal afferents within the suprachiasmatic area (ASC): a quantitative approach. PMID- 7227900 TI - Experimental study of the postnatal neurotoxic effect of chloro-organic pesticides. PMID- 7227901 TI - Quantitative analysis of hippocampal formation in the cat. PMID- 7227902 TI - Ultrastructural investigation of horse radish peroxidase permeability of heart and skeleton muscle capillaries of different development stages in the rat. PMID- 7227903 TI - Suggestion on the classification of human rental hilus. (Preliminary report). PMID- 7227904 TI - Reaction of immature rat testes and prostate on 7s immunoglobuline isolated from antitesticular cytotoxic serum. PMID- 7227905 TI - Morphological properties of mink's brain. PMID- 7227906 TI - Method of dissection of the small parts in the rat brain ventricle wall. PMID- 7227907 TI - Observation of small intensely fluorescent cells in the inferior mesenteric ganglion of cats with an interrupted adrenal blood supply. PMID- 7227908 TI - Electron microscopic changes of synapses after occlusion of the abdominal aorta. PMID- 7227909 TI - Endochondral ossification in the electron microscopic image. PMID- 7227910 TI - Cumulative teratogenic effect of repeated doses of corticoids. PMID- 7227911 TI - Lymph drainage of the duodenum in man. PMID- 7227913 TI - Contribution to study of the ultrastructure of interprismatic relationships in the rabbit lens. Part I. PMID- 7227912 TI - Pattern of labelling of the rat brain stem after intraventricular administration of 3H-leucine. PMID- 7227914 TI - Ultrastructure of the rat testicles after repeated ischemia. PMID- 7227915 TI - Changes in the size of the thoracic limb in early adulthood. PMID- 7227916 TI - Effect of Ischaemia on retrograde axonal transport in the dorsal root fibres of the dog. PMID- 7227917 TI - The morphometric analysis of the PLS in different genetic backgrounds. PMID- 7227918 TI - An experimental analysis of the microtopography of the motoneurons of some spinohumeral and thoracohumeral muscles of the cat. PMID- 7227919 TI - Analysis of the localization of motor centres in cat spinal cord after experimental denervation of some of the fore limb muscles. PMID- 7227920 TI - Reciprocal connection of the raphe system and the hypothalamus and their relationship to thermoregulation. PMID- 7227921 TI - Degeneration of developing Pacinian corpuscles after denervation and their regeneration upon reinnervation. PMID- 7227922 TI - Endocytosis in skeletal muscles of dystrophic mice and chickens. PMID- 7227923 TI - Development of sympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries and the myocardium in the dog. PMID- 7227924 TI - Contribution to the anatomy of the auditory tube. PMID- 7227925 TI - Microstructure of the lymph microcirculatory bed of the skin, the subcutis and the fascia of the lower limb in the postthrombophlebitic syndrome. PMID- 7227927 TI - [Medical education - examination 1980, part I]. PMID- 7227926 TI - Growth of the fetal pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) I. Cephalofacial dimensions. AB - The prenatal growth of the macaque cephalofacial region is described using cephalofacial measurements taken on 89 fetal Macaca nemestrina whose known gestational ages range from 60 to 184 days. During the prenatal period, the macaque neurocranium flattens and elongates in an anteroposterior direction; the height of the upper face increases at a faster rate than facial breadth, and the ear dimensions grow at a faster rate than any other cephalofacial dimension. Formulae based on the independent variables of ear height and bizygomatic diameter are recommended for estimating fetal age in this species. PMID- 7227928 TI - [Weakness - circulatory collapse - hyperpigmentation]. PMID- 7227929 TI - [Urologic emergencies in general practice. Part 3: Diagnosis and therapy of urine retention (=inability to empty the bladder)]. PMID- 7227930 TI - [Breast reduction surgery. Planning of breast reduction by the J. O. Strombeck technic]. PMID- 7227931 TI - [The influence of the environment on the human immune system]. AB - Different conditions in the human biotop and behavior are investigated and described regarding their influence on resistance and immune reactions: There is a big variety of interactions between the human biotop and immune reactions. Knowing the correlations and the dependences between both, it should be possible to arrive at a new level of optimations in human live. PMID- 7227932 TI - [Smoking and health]. PMID- 7227933 TI - [Ankylosing spondylitis. Pathogenesis and therapy]. AB - The efficacy and agreeability of a supportive drug therapy at doses of 300 mg of proquazone (Biarison) administered thrice daily was tested in an open study of 4 weeks' duration in 10 male patients suffering of clinically verified ankylosing spondylitis. The minimum duration of suffering was 15 years, the maximum 50 years. The major goal of therapy during clinical treatment was individually oriented physical therapy suited to the enhancement of residual mobility, removal of postural abnormalities and abnormalities of weight-loading as well as the maintenance of functionality for afflicted skeletal regions. In the course of this additional therapy with proquazone the functional index and activity index both displayed significant improvement (2 p less than 0.01), as compared with the control subjects. Improvement was attained as soon as 2 weeks following begin of therapy. In the course of treatment the following parameters also displayed significant improvement (2 p less than 0.05): morning stiffness, fatigue, patient's self-evaluation, Westergren one-hour-value, physician's over-all assessment, night pain, articular pain, thoracic and lumbar pain. There were only insignificant changes in other, regularly tested laboratory values during this drug therapy. No side effects or disagreeability signs of proquazone were noted. Proquazone can be recommended for the symptomatic additional treatment of patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7227934 TI - [Medical education--examinations 1980, Part II]. PMID- 7227935 TI - [Portal hypertension and chronic renal insufficiency. Successful treatment with hemodialysis]. AB - We present three cases with portal hypertension, ascites and concomitant chronic renal failure, successfully treated for 38, 26 and 5 months respectively with chronic hemodialysis. The causes of portal hypertension were alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver in 2 cases and cavernous transformation of portal vein with intrahepatic block, in one case. The complications of portal hypertension, the conservative and surgical treatment of oesophageal varices and ascites are discussed. PMID- 7227936 TI - [Effect of heparin in uremic patients during hemodialysis]. AB - A sufficient level of heparin was maintained during hemodialysis by heparinization with initially 5000 I.U. and subsequently 1500 I.U./hour continuously. Active heparin amounted 70% of total heparin during the entire procedure. The elimination rate of heparin increased fivefold in patients with a decrease of the albumin-globulin ratio. The antithrombin III level was found to be slightly reduced. Levels of Hageman-factor as well as fibrinogen remained constant during the dialysis procedure. PMID- 7227937 TI - [Trace element changes in the serum of dialysis patients]. AB - In 60 patients of our dialysis program lowered zinc levels as well as increased chromium levels were observed in serum. These alterations were compared to the parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, a negative correlation of chromium and HDL-cholesterol levels could be observed. Our results could not be confirmed in patients with renal insufficiency under conservative treatment. These findings make it apparent that a substitution of the dialysis fluid with trace elements has to be discussed. PMID- 7227938 TI - [Therapeutic lymphatic vessel transplantation]. PMID- 7227939 TI - [Clinical aspects and chemotherapy of adenocarcinoma of the kidney]. AB - The classic triad of hematuria, pain and presence of a palpable flank mass is found only in few patients with renal carcinoma. Hematuria, the main symptom, occurs in nearly the half of patients. Blood levels of erythropoetin and renin are often elevated and may be of value as biochemical tumor markers. Chemotherapeutic agents do not alter the course of metastatic renal carcinoma significantly. Vinblastine is the most effective available drug currently. Progestins or androgens cause tumor regression very seldom. If antioestrogens or immuntherapeutic regimens may improve therapeutic results, is not to be decided at present. PMID- 7227940 TI - [Ultrasonics in the differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the kidney in children]. AB - During the last few years the coordination of ultrasound, radiology and urologic surgery led to the diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases of the kidney. From 1976 till the beginning of 1979 we were able to diagnose 50 expanding retroperitoneal processes. These were hydronephroses, malignant tumors and enlargement of the kidney due to inflammatory affections ensuing nephrolithiasis as well as urosepsis and shock. The fact that sonography is a harmless, non invasive, simple and often repeatable examination is the most important advantage. Provided that ultrasound diagnosing is performed by an experienced person, there is a good correlation to the common x-ray methods and specially recommended for postoperative controls. PMID- 7227941 TI - [The development of brain stem injuries]. PMID- 7227942 TI - [The treatment of bacterial respiratory and urinary tract infections with cefazedone. Clinical proof of effectiveness and tolerance]. PMID- 7227943 TI - [Informing patients before gynecological interventions]. PMID- 7227944 TI - [Outpatient coronary groups. 1st experiences with high-risk infarct patients after a year's model experiment]. AB - One year's experience with patients after myocardial infarction with low physical capacity (high risk-patients) and their participation in coronary clubs. After satisfactory results have been recorded with coronary training-groups at Hamburg first results can be reported from a trial with a coronary exercising-group at the patient's community. Patients after myocardial infarction with low physical capacity (high risk-patients) have participated regularly in coronary club meetings. One year's observation with medical controls showed no hazards from special adapted exercises combined with health education. Cardiac complications did not occur. The exercise program aims on increasing coordination and flexibility; general aerobic endurance is not to be improved. Thus a better and more economical functioning of the cardiovascular system is reached; life quality is improved. Further propagation of the coronary exercising-program is recommended if the described precautions are observed. This way many coronary patients could benefit also from long-time participation in comprehensive care in coronary clubs, which were up to now excluded from coronary training groups because of high risk. PMID- 7227945 TI - [Diagnosis of drug dependence. Practical indications. 1. Mental symptoms, physical and psychosocial signs, unusual objects]. PMID- 7227946 TI - [The drug addict as an atypical patient in medical practice]. PMID- 7227947 TI - [How can the care of patients with cardiovascular diseases be improved in West Germany?]. PMID- 7227948 TI - [Coronary insufficiency. Causes and diagnosis]. PMID- 7227949 TI - [Therapy of coronary insufficiency with diuretics]. AB - Saluretic drugs like thiazide and benzothiadiazine (chloruretic sulfonamides), potassium-sparing diuretics (amiloride, triamterene and spironolactone) and diuretics with an effect on the loop of Henle (furosemide, ethacrynic acid, bumetadine and etozoline) support the efficiency of digitalis preparations in such cases, in which the load of the heart may be diminished by hemodynamic disburdening of the myocardium through reduction of preload. Here, reduced venous filling pressure is the result of increased elimination of sodium and of dehydration. These drugs are efficacious, but can endanger the patient even if prescribed under right indication and by right dosage. Therefore they should be taken only if necessary and only under continuous medical supervision. The therapeutic breadth of the different diuretics is more favourable than that of the digitalis glycosides. Thus the careful prescription of diuretic drugs can enhance digitalization significantly, especially for patients of higher age with increased sensitiveness on heart glycosides or with supposedly "refractory" heart failure. A rapid intravenous injection of furosemide is the best method for the emergency treatment of an acute pulmonary edema in consequence of left heart failure. This is efficacious in a shorter time and in a better manner than an initial injection of heart glycosides. The favourable effect of diuretic drugs in myocardial failure may be explained by improving the force-velocity curve of the heart with reduction of preload of the myocardium and with diminished venous congestion. PMID- 7227950 TI - [Therapy of coronary insufficiency with digitalis. 1. Principles of therapy]. PMID- 7227952 TI - [The innocuous goiter. Surgical aspects]. PMID- 7227951 TI - [Diagnosis of pancreatic function. Simplified screening with fluorescein dilaurate using serum concentration determinations]. AB - Fluorescein-dilaurate has been recommended as a screening test for the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function. In this test fluorescein excretion in the urine is measured for an 8--10 hour period. To avoid urine collection the present study reports on serum fluorescein determinations following oral administration of fluorescein-dilaurate-ester. According to the results of a standard secretin pancreozymin-test 24 subjects were classified as 10 persons with normal pancreatic function, 7 patients with mild and 7 patients with severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Fluorescein concentrations were measured photometrically after TCA-precipitation. In the normal persons maximal fluorescein levels were observed 4--6 hours after oral load of the test substance. Patients with mild pancreatic insufficiency showed the same pattern and only in patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency much lower serum fluorescein concentrations were found. They were statistically significantly different from normal subjects 3--6 hours after administration of fluorescein dilaurate. PMID- 7227953 TI - [The sick sinus syndrome. What causes it?]. AB - The basic disorder in sinoatrial disease is a functional and/or anatomical defect in the sinus node and the atrium respectively. The clinical feature includes palpitations, angina pectoris, heart failure, giddiness and systemic emboli. Associated diseases are coronary heart disease, hypertension, diphtheria, myocarditis or rheumatic fever. Diagnosis is primarily made by clinical symptoms and conventional or long term ECG-monitoring. However, impaired sinus node function including sinusbradycardia, sinus arrest, sinoatrial block and the bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome cannot easily be assessed, when rhythm disturbances are occurring intermittently, as the recording of electrical activity of sinus node pacemaker cells is not available in man. Therefore methods of provocative atrial stimulation (rapid atrial stimulation, premature atrial stimulation) have been developed for (indirect) estimation of sinus node recovery time and sinoatrial conduction time. Treatment depends on symptoms. In most cases implantation of an electric pacemaker is mandatory since drug treatment usually is unsatisfactory. The natural history of the sinoatrial disease is imperfectly known but probably covers 5--10 years. PMID- 7227954 TI - [Diagnosis of sinoatrial node function by atrial stimulation. Principles and clinical results]. PMID- 7227955 TI - [Therapy of acute cerebrovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7227956 TI - [Long-term measuring of ventricular fluid pressure in spaceoccupying intracranial processes and acute brain lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227957 TI - [The morphological basis of vascular (multiinfarct) dementia (author's transl)]. AB - 204 patients with an ischaemic stroke were investigated by computertomography. 84 of these patients were demented and 120 had no signs of dementia. Atrophy was significantly more often seen in the computertomograms of the demented patients. A normal computer-tomogram was commoner in the non demented patients. The distribution of infarcts was similar in both groups but bilateral infarcts were significantly more often present in patients with dementia. The combination of a single infarct with atrophy was seen significantly more often in the patients with dementia. Bilateral infarcts, even without atrophy, were significantly more common in the dementia patients. From these findings it was concluded that the bilateral distribution of the lesions is an important factor in vascular dementia. PMID- 7227958 TI - [Occlusions of superficial branches of the middle cerebral artery--clinical significance of a minor angiographic finding (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227959 TI - [The graphological pattern presented by the handwriting of cerebral patients. Neurological graphology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227960 TI - [The influence of limbic dysfunctions on the aetiology of childhood psychoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227962 TI - [The pattern of human nature and the relevant treatment methods as envisaged by logotherapy after Frankl (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227961 TI - [Comments on the indication of immunosuppressive long-term therapy in myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227963 TI - [Early hemiparesis and chronical epilepsy. A clinical-pathological study on 64 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227964 TI - [Physical and drug therapy for vertigo and ataxia (author's transl)]. AB - Vertigo occurs either with motion stimulation which causes an intersensory mismatch or by a dysfunction of one of the stabilizing sensory systems, representing either a "physiological" or a "pathological" vertigo syndrome, respectively. This review emphasizes the differential effects of physical maneuvers and drugs and surgery in the prevention or treatment of motion sickness, height vertigo, head extension vertigo, as well as peripheral labyrinthine lesions, paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere's syndrome, vertiginous epilepsy and phobic vertigo. PMID- 7227965 TI - [The role of glucocorticoids in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7227966 TI - Acute myocardial infarction: place of treatment and length of stay. AB - To assess whether all patients with acute myocardial infarction benefit from admission to a coronary care unit and prolonged hospitalization in relation to their substantial costs, a limited number of randomized controlled trials have been carried out under strict ethical constraints. The results indicate that a certain percentage of patients, especially those over 60 years with no complications less than three hours after onset of symptoms, with complications such as hypotension heart failure or arrhythmias and those who cannot adequately be cared for at home require hospitalization. An alternative combining the best features of both hospital and home care appears feasible through or late first medical contact face equally whether treated at home or in the hospital. Patients seen less than three hours after onset of symptoms, with complications such as hypotension, heart failure or arrhythmias and those who cannot adequately be cared for at home require hospitalization. An alternative combining the best features of both hospital and home care appears feasible through patient monitoring for two hours in the home by a team of technicians dispatched with a specially equipped ambulance. The outcome of patients admitted to the hospital with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, with respect to short and long term mortality and morbidity, has not been adversely affected by progressively early mobilization and discharge indicating that a length of stay of more than seven to nine days would no longer seem necessary. PMID- 7227967 TI - Nifedipine and acute myocardial infarction. AB - In consideration of the results of experimental studies indicating that nifedipine, a vasodilating calcium antagonist with little inotropic or electrophysiological effects, increases coronary flow to both normal and ischemic zones potentially rendering protection of ischemic myocardium as well as the results of clinical studies in patients with angina pectoris, this pilot study was carried out in patients with acute myocardial infarction to evaluate the clinical, hemodynamic and electrophysiological responses. Nifedipine was administered sublingually in a dosage of 10 mg initially, after an interval of 1 to 1.5 hours and thereafter to maintain the pressure at the level prevailing after three hours. As compared with a control group, the frequency of ventricular dysrhythmia as well as the frequency of complex dysrhythmias in the 17 treated patients were similar (mean 313 vs. 325 PVCs/24 hours; and 5.9 vs. 3.6 episodes respectively in treated and controls). No patient developed evidence of second or third degree AV block. Systemic vascular resistance fell from 1661 to 1283 dyne . s . cm-5 and cardiac index increased from 3.2 to 3.59 l/min/m2 at one hour. Arterial pressure decreased from 146/93 to 131/88 mm Hg. Pulmonary artery pressure remained unchanged in five patients and decreased by more than 3 mm Hg in four. Thus, in patients with acute myocardial infarction nifedipine decreases systemic resistance and, provided preload is not substantially reduced, increases cardiac output. Neither an exacerbation of chest pain nor an increase in ventricular dysrhythmia was observed. Extensive clinical investigation will be needed to definitively characterize effects of nifedipine on infarct size, coronary flow and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7227969 TI - Thyrotropin-daunomycin conjugate shows receptors-mediated cytotoxicity in cultured thyroid cells. AB - Daunomycin (DM), a potent chemotherapeutic agent, was linked to bovine thyrotropin (TSH) directly (TSH-DM) and indirectly (TSH-alpha-lactalbumin-DM) by covalent cross-linking methods. The activity of these hormone-daunomycin conjugates was tested in vitro on the rabbit thyroid cells in primary culture. Both TSH-DM and TSH-alpha-lactalbumin-DM conjugates inhibited [3H]leucine incorporation and cell proliferation, while free TSH did not. Their inhibitory action was more potent than that of free daunomycin. The inhibition appeared to be specific to the thyroid cells and diminished in the presence of a large amount of free TSH, suggesting that the cytotoxic action of these TSH-DM conjugates was a receptor-mediated phenomenon. PMID- 7227968 TI - Uptake and binding of [3H]aldosterone by the anterior pituitary and brain regions in adrenalectomized rats. AB - The uptake of [3H]-aldosterone by the brain and anterior pituitary (AP) was studied after i.v. injection of the isotope into adrenalectomized rats. The AP showed the higher uptake ratio (i.e., radioactivity in tissue/radioactivity in blood), while the brain regions examined (hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, cerebellum and cortex) contained lower levels of radioactivity, although they concentrated the hormone from blood. Neither [3H]-corticosterone nor [3H]-18 hydroxydeoxycorticosterone accumulated in the AP as much as [3H]-aldosterone, while [3H]-corticosterone's uptake was greatest in the hippocampus. Competition experiments demonstrated that [3H]-aldosterone uptake in the AP was inhibited by pretreatment of animals with excess aldosterone, corticosterone and dexamethasone, whereas aldosterone and corticosterone but not dexamethasone competed in the brain regions. Binding sites were demonstrated in vitro in cytosol fractions from AP and several brain regions. Scatchard plot analysis demonstrated high affinity, low capacity binding sites in cytosol from AP and hippocampus. These results suggest the AP and brain areas may be considered as targets for aldosterone, although the functions of the mineralocorticoid in these tissues are a matter of speculation. PMID- 7227970 TI - Effect of alloxan diabetes on rat liver ascorbic acid. PMID- 7227971 TI - Embryo development under the effects of a new placental protein (UTPH) and its antiserum. AB - The effect of a human placental hormone (UTPH) and UTPH-antiserum upon development of preimplantation mouse embryos was studied in vitro. UTPH at a concentration of 90 micrograms/ml had a tendency to increase the mean number of blastomeres pre embryo, and increased significantly (P less than 0.01) upon the cleavage rate. These data suggest an influence of the UT UTPH upon the early development of the embryo in mammals. PMID- 7227972 TI - Circadian variations in plasma cortisol concentrations of female baboons. PMID- 7227973 TI - Glomerulopressin in dogs' mesenteric blood flow and prostaglandins. PMID- 7227974 TI - Effect of L-tryptophan injection in rats on some enzymes of amino acid metabolism in liver. I. In vitro studies of the effect of L-tryptophan and its metabolites on the extramitochondrial L-alanine: 2-ketoglutaric aminotransferase. AB - Fed and fasted rats were injected with L-tryptophan (12.5 mg/100 g body weight) and the specific activities of L-glutamic: NAD oxidoreductase (deaminating) (EC 1.4.1.2) (GDH), L-aspartic-2-ketoglutaric aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) (GOT) and L-alanine-2-ketoglutaric aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) (GPT) from hepatic mitochondria and cytosol were compared. L-tryptophan results in a decrease of mitochondrial GDH activity by 22% and of cytosolic GPT and GOT by 42% and 38% respectively in the liver of fasted rats. Xanthurenate is a potent inhibitor of purified extramitochondrial GPT, whereas anthranilate and quinolinate are less potent inhibitors. L-tryptophan, 5-OH-tryptophan and indole exert a slight inhibition. Kynurenine, 5-OH-tryptamine, tryptamine, picolinic acid, nicotinic acid and indoloacetic acid do not show any inhibition of GPT. It is suggested that L-tryptophan injection inhibits extramitochondrial GPT by its transformation to xanthurenate and anthranilate. PMID- 7227975 TI - Influence of the hypophysio-adrenocortical system on the metabolism of 3H adrenaline in the hypothalamus, hypophysis and the rest of the brain of rats. AB - Possible correlation between modified state of the adrenocortical system and the metabolic fate of 3H-adrenaline in central regions was studied. The formation of 3H-acid metabolites from 3H-adrenaline showed high increase in brain and hypothalamus of hypophysectomized rats from the value of normal animals. Adrenalectomy was also found to be associated with increased acid metabolite formation in the whole of the brain. Preadministration of metopirone increased formation of acid metabolites in the hypothalamus and hypophysis of normal rats. The transformation of radioactive normetanephrine was significantly higher in the hypothalamus of rats administered with elliptone as well as with metopirone. The hypophysis showed increase in metanephrine formation only by pretreatment with elliptone. Brain tissue demonstrated increased rate of normetanephrine formation after adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy. Hypophysectomy increased physiological accumulation of 3H-adrenaline in all the three regions studied but the maximal effect was observed in the hypothalamus. The preadministration of elliptone and metopirone decreased accumulation of labeled adrenaline in the brain and hypophysis of normal rats. The results suggest that inactivation of adrenocortical system either pharmacologically or physiologically leads to activation of the the processes of catecholamine metabolic degradation whereas the physiological accumulation of adrenaline slows down and this conclusion is valid for a great majority of observations presented in this study. PMID- 7227976 TI - Binding sites for melatonin in bovine pineal gland. AB - High-affinity binding of melatonin to crude membrane preparations of bovine pineal gland was examined by a rapid filtration procedure through Whatman GFB paper. Maximal melatonin binding was attained in 60 min at 37 degrees C, in 2 h at 25 degrees C and in 5 h at 0 degree C; at 25 and 37 degrees C it was 36 and 42% of that at 0 degree C. Specific binding was thermolabile and decreased following incubation with trypsin; it was also pH dependent, the maximum being observed at physiological pH. Melatonin binding was inhibited by the addition of monovalent or divalent ions to the incubation buffer. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that 39 and 50% of binding was located in the pellets at 900 and 27,000 g whereas 11% was detected in the microsomal pellet. Scatchard analysis revealed a single population of binding sites with Kd = (7.0 +/- 1.5) 10(-7) M (mean +/- SEM, n = 4); binding site concentration ranged from 185 to 356 fmol/mg of protein. When various melatonin analogues were tested for their ability to inhibit (3H)-melatonin binding, the following Ki values (10(-7) M), were obtained: N-acetyl-serotonin 120, serotonin 130, 2-methyl indole 154, 5 hydroxytryptophol 218, 5-methoxytryptamine 266, 5-methoxytryptophol 660, tryptamine 1,740, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid 3,455, 5-methoxyindole acetic acid 12,690, 5-hydroxytryptophan 13,600, and 6-hydroxymelatonin 55,550. Those results suggest that melatonin receptors may be present in the pineal gland. PMID- 7227977 TI - Treatment of Cushing's disease with bilateral adrenalectomy and autotransplantation. AB - 2 Cases of childhood Cushing's disease have been treated with bilateral adrenalectomy and autotransplantation of adrenal tissue. Transplantation was unsuccessful in 1 case. In the other patient, replacement therapy was discontinued without any symptoms of hypo- or hyperadrenocorticism. Her urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, free cortisol and aldosterone remain in the low normal range indicating functional adrenal tissue, probably a result of the transplant. PMID- 7227978 TI - Changes in the subcellular distribution of metabolites due to ethanol oxidation in the perfused rat liver. AB - The subcellular distribution of metabolites involved in the transfer of reducing equivalents across the mitochondrial membrane was studied in perfused livers from fed rats. A tenfold increase in the flux rate of the malate-aspartate shuttle and the inhibition of the citrate cycle due to ethanol oxidation, were reflected by characteristic changes in the cytosolic and mitochondrial concentrations of malate, 2-oxoglutarate, aspartate, glutamate and citrate. The data suggest that the malate-aspartate shuttle is triggered by a decrease in the cytosolic oxaloacetate concentration which, due to the cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase equilibrium, leads to an increased efflux of 2-oxoglutarate and aspartate from the mitochondria in exchange for malate and glutamate, respectively. The first site at which the citrate cycle is inhibited appears to be the level of 2 oxoglutarate oxidation. PMID- 7227979 TI - Hemoglobins, XXXVIII. Amino acid sequence of a dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin), component VI from Chironomus thummi thummi (CTT VI). AB - The dimeric hemoglobin CTT VI (Erythrocruorin) was isolated from the hemolymph of the larvae of Chironomus thummi thummi. The globin from CTT VI was subjected to trypsin, limited trypsin and cyanogen bromide digestion. For elucidation of the sequence in the C-terminal region, cleavage with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease was also carried out. The peptides were separated by gel and ion exchange chromatography. The handling of some large fragments was facilitated by maleylation and subsequent ion-exchange chromatography with conservation of the maleyl groups. The amino acid sequence was determined by automatic Edman degradation. The order of the peptides was provided by overlaps, but in two cases by homology only (for residues 98 and 99, and 109 and 110). The hemoglobin consists of 2 x 147 amino acids with a molecular weight of 32411. The sequence of CTT VI is compared with a monomeric (CTT III) and a dimeric hemoglobin (CTT II beta) and the human alpha-chains. The structural differences are discussed. PMID- 7227980 TI - Studies on the influence of heparin on trypsin-induced shock in dog. AB - Intravenous infusion of bovine trypsin in dogs can induce intravascular coagulation, which is claimed to be one of the causes of the shock accompanying such infusions. Treatment with heparin prior to trypsin administration prevents the usual decrease of fibrinogen but apparently does not influence the trypsin induced shock seen upon trypsin saturation of alpha 2-macroglobulin. The prompt appearance of fibrinogen fragments following trypsin saturation of alpha 2 macroglobulin is probably a consequence of plasminogen activation. Under similar conditions alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-protease inhibitor) seems to be acting as plasma inhibitor in the absence of free alpha 2-macroglobulin and the fast reacting plasmin inhibitor, antiplasmin. Thus, trypsin-induced shock in dogs is apparently not caused by intravascular coagulation to any significant degree. PMID- 7227982 TI - The right to refuse treatment. PMID- 7227981 TI - The amino acid sequence of the Mc-specific major red cell membrane sialoglycoprotein--an intermediate of the blood group M- and N-active molecules. AB - The sequence and glycosylation of the N-terminal 12 amino acids of the blood group Mc-specific major erythrocyte (MN) membrane sialoglycoprotein was determined by analyses of aminoterminal tryptic and secondary V8 protease peptides from McM erythrocytes. As predicted previously, the sequence of the N terminal seven residues was found to be: Ser-+Ser-+Thr-+Thr-Glu-Val-Ala-(+ = glycosylation). This suggests that the variant Mc represents the evolutionary link between the blood group M- and N-specific glycoproteins, which possess Ser or Leu and Gly or Glu at the positions one and five, respectively. The elucidation of the structure of the Mc-specific glycoprotein explains the specificity of various anti-M and anti-N reagents. PMID- 7227983 TI - 38-year-old mother with psychotic symptoms and affective disorder. PMID- 7227984 TI - The right to refuse treatment: ethical issues. AB - To understand the emerging concept of the right to refuse treatment in mental institutions, several underlying ethical issues must be examined. For example, the right is limited by such factors as the competence of the patient, the distinction between apparent and real refusal of treatment, and the desirability of some balance between the state's police power and parens patriae power. The most difficult ethical problems arise when a mentally ill individual is competent and not dangerous, needs treatment, and yet refuses it. In addition, most problems concerning the right to refuse treatment occur in large, understaffed, and underfunded public institutions whose nature affects the alternative treatments available, the quality of life without treatment, and the subtle coercive elements associated with any total institution. The author discusses these and other ethical issues pertaining to justifications for the right, limits to the right, treatment setting, and the treatments themselves. PMID- 7227986 TI - Schizophrenia and sexual functioning. AB - To address the scarcity of literature on the sexual functioning of schizophrenic patients, two therapists interviewed 20 schizophrenic patients in a community mental health center's inpatient unit. In a context designed to make the patients feel safe and to encourage rapport, patients were asked about sexual dysfunctions, sexual norms, relationship patterns, and drug-related sexual side effects. The therapists' impressions were that the data obtained were as reliable as similar information obtained from patients presenting to a sexual dysfunction clinic, that the incidence of sexual dysfunction among these schizophrenic patients was no different from that among the general population, and that the manifest sexual relationship problems were due to lack of social skills and deterioration of social functioning, rather than to a primary, structural impairment specific to schizophrenia. PMID- 7227985 TI - Refusing treatment in mental health institutions: values in conflict. PMID- 7227988 TI - 1,005 delayed days: a study of adult psychiatric discharge. AB - Delay in discharge of psychiatric patients frequently is attributed to the lack of available community resources, or to the unwillingness of the patient or his family to accept discharge or transfer to another facility. The role of the psychiatric system itself rarely is mentioned as a factor. A study of 138 psychiatric patients in a Canadian community hospital in 1978 showed that 35 per cent were judged to be delayed in their discharge. By far the greatest source of delay was the administration of the various psychiatric services within the system. Delayed patients were found to be statistically similar to nondelayed patients, except for the delayed patients tendency to be poorer and to be overrepresented on two of the six wards studied. The cost implications of the delays in discharge are discussed, as are suggestions for solving the problems within the administrative framework. PMID- 7227987 TI - A study of the causes of conflict between psychiatrists and psychologists. AB - Although there has been much discussion of the current professional conflicts between psychiatrists and psychologist, few studies have attempted to empirically evaluate how the professions view their roles and responsibilities within the mental health system. In this study a questionnaire was sent to psychiatrists, psychologist, social workers, and nurses in various mental health settings. They were asked to evaluate how large a role psychiatrists and psychologists played in 11 everyday activities, how competent the two professions were to perform the activity, and how much responsibility each should ideally have in carrying out the activity. The results showed that the two professions differ in their perceptions of their competence to perform several activities central to the mental health system. Based on the findings, the author suggest some ways to resolve the conflicts between the two professions. PMID- 7227989 TI - Small-group psychotherapy with patients on a short-stay ward: an opportunity for innovation. AB - The principles of small-group psychotherapy have been developed largely from experience with groups of outpatients and long-term inpatients. Group therapy in short-stay settings is distinguished by a number of features--chiefly the transience of group membership--that make the application of the standard principles of group therapy problematic. The author suggests that these difficulties can be viewed as an opportunity for adapting group therapy to better serve the needs of short-stay patients. Therapists can allow groups to serve a variety of functions--administrative and humanitarian as well as the primary treatment function--while being specific about the goal or goals of each group. Therapists should be flexible about group format, keeping group membership open, departing from the standard group discussion format when necessary, and accommodating disruptive patients. PMID- 7227990 TI - The interlocking treatment system: a model for the delivery of state hospital CMHC services. AB - A state hospital began a program in 1975 to integrate the treatment services of the hospital with those of six community mental health centers. The interlocking treatment system that resulted made use of mini-teams of hospital and center staff to recommend referrals to the hospital, develop inpatient treatment programs, and supervise the client's return to the community. The linkages between the hospital and the centers helped ensure continuity of care for clients and to ease their return to community living. A study of hospital wards participating in the system and those not participating showed that participating wards discharged significantly more clients over an 18-month period. PMID- 7227991 TI - Computerized monitoring of psychotropic drug orders: some trends and revelations. PMID- 7227992 TI - Telephone or letter outreach to outpatients who fail to keep first appointments. PMID- 7227993 TI - Community attitudes toward the acceptance of mental health services. PMID- 7227995 TI - Pennsylvania's commitment law: problems in implementation, differences in interpretation. PMID- 7227994 TI - Treating Black patients: the risks of ignoring critical social issues. PMID- 7227996 TI - NHI and no-fault: an update from down under. PMID- 7227997 TI - Selected hospital statistics for February 1981. PMID- 7227998 TI - Why risk management and quality assurance should be integrated. PMID- 7227999 TI - Occurrence or claims made: which policy is right for your hospital? PMID- 7228000 TI - Use existing motivations to involve physicians in risk management. PMID- 7228001 TI - What's so different about qualilty assurance in small, rural hospitals? PMID- 7228002 TI - Committees can help oversee hospital's QA activities. PMID- 7228003 TI - Hospital aims quality assurance risk management education at staff. PMID- 7228005 TI - Hospital warehouse management can ensure better use and service. PMID- 7228004 TI - Study tool used to evaluate medical staff performance. PMID- 7228006 TI - ICU features open plan and step-down units. PMID- 7228007 TI - Hospitals must face heavy unionization drives in '80s-Part 1. PMID- 7228008 TI - Management contracts seen as largely resolving needs. AB - A survey of 78 hospitals under contract for at least two years and an in-depth examination of three case studies show that contract management, whether from the not-for-profit or the investor-owned sectors, is producing successful results. PMID- 7228009 TI - Hospital planning should provide for family role in care. PMID- 7228010 TI - Job-sharing alternative draws nurses back to the hospital. PMID- 7228011 TI - It's the little things that count. PMID- 7228012 TI - Hospital and community join to improve neighborhood. PMID- 7228013 TI - "Fashion' scrubs are becoming a costly fad. PMID- 7228015 TI - The divided self in adolescence. PMID- 7228014 TI - On being caught up in time. PMID- 7228016 TI - Ultrastructure of hepatic mitochondria in a child with hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, and homocitrullinuria. AB - Ultrastructural studies of hepatic tissue obtained at biopsy from a nine year old severely retarded boy with hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, and homocitrullinuria showed mitochondria of bizarre shapes and unusual internal features. Among the latter were tubules extending throughout the length of the large mitochondria that on cross section had a rosette-like arrangement; the presence of a periodic, approximately 300 A thick, sievelike membrane interposed between the tubules and the inner mitochondrial membrane; and "bulges" of mitochondrial matrix occasionally formed between these two membranes. Since to be metabolized ornithine must enter the mitochondria, the hyperornithinemia is regarded as a reflection of its inability to reach the mitochondrial interior. It is speculated that among other possible causes, the unusual sievelike membrane may be the barrier to ornithine's access to the mitochondrion. PMID- 7228017 TI - Hypocomplementemic idiopathic membranous glomerulopathy. AB - Two asymptomatic teenage females with proteinuria, hematuria, and persistent hypocomplementemia are presented. Renal biopsy studies revealed membranous glomerulopathy. During follow-up periods of 4.0 and 4.5 years, the clinical courses and sequential monitoring of immunologic studies failed to demonstrate lupus erythematosus or other systemic disorders. Serum complement levels were consistent with activation of the alternate complement pathway in the first patient and the classic pathway in the second. In both cases further depression in serum complement levels occurred during intervals of greater urinary protein excretion. These findings suggest that the complement system may play a more important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic membranous glomerulopathy than realized previously. PMID- 7228018 TI - The parathyroid glands in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. AB - We analyzed, by light microscopy, specimens obtained at parathyroid surgery from 18 members of eight kindreds with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. For comparison, similar analyses were performed with normal parathyroid glands (surgical or postmortem specimens) and with glands from patients with typical primary parathyroid hyperplasia. The average parathyroid parenchymal area in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia was 300 per cent of that in normal subjects (0.049 versus 0.15 sq. cm., p less than 0.0005) but significantly less than that in typical primary parathyroid hyperplasia. Thirteen of the 18 subjects with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia had one or more enlarged glands. Enlarged parenchymal areas were noted at all ages in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, but there was a spectrum of histologic findings among the glands in each case, within most families, and between families. Mild parathyroid hyperplasia was a feature in most patients with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia who had undergone neck surgery. Simple quantitative analyses were useful in identifying parathyroid hyperplasia in the group with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. PMID- 7228019 TI - Patterns of metastases in intestinal and diffuse types of carcinoma of the stomach. AB - The pattern of the metastases in intestinal and diffuse types of gastric carcinoma were compared in 77 autopsy cases. Differences in the extent of the dissemination, in the distribution of metastases, and in the type of secondary involvement were found. The diffuse type of carcinoma showed a wider dissemination than the intestinal type. The intestinal type of carcinoma involved the liver more frequently and more extensively. Peritoneal metastases, lymphatic permeation of the lungs, and Krukenberg tumors were more commonly found in cases of the diffuse type. PMID- 7228020 TI - The cardiac malformations. Double inlet left ventricle and corrected transposition explained as deviations in the normal development of the interventricular septum. AB - To examine the hypothesis that malpositions of cardiac ventricles could be explained by altered development of the interventricular septum, we studied hearts from the Johns Hopkins Hospital autopsy files with double inlet left ventricle (16 cases) or corrected transposition (nine cases). In double inlet left ventricle (16 cases) or corrected transposition (nine cases). In double inlet ventricle both atrioventricular valves connect normally developed and positioned right and left atria to a posterior morphologic left ventricle. In hearts with corrected transposition the atria are normally positioned and the morphologic right ventricle is on the left and is continuous with the anteriorly positioned aorta. The morphologic left ventricle is on the right, connected to the posteriorly positioned pulmonary trunk. Normal ventricular septation may be understood as arising from the mechanics of a spiral fold in the primary heart tube produced by the left interventricular sulcus. The ventral limb of the spiral induces the muscular interventricular septum while the dorsal limb becomes a component of the crista supraventricularis. We propose that double inlet left ventricle and corrected transposition are the result of minor deviations in the position of the interventricular sulcus on the primary heart tube. Double inlet left ventricle may develop from the formation of a closed unspiraled ring around the interventricular canal. Corrected transposition may result from a left interventricular sulcus whose ventral limb gives rise to a left sided crista supraventricularis, which determines in part the right ventricular morphology of the left sided ventricle. The dorsal limb spirals toward th atrioventricular canal, gives rise to a malpositioned interventricular septum, and displaces the embryonic trabeculated right ventricle to the left. The concept presented accounts for the morphologic findings characteristic of double inlet left ventricle and corrected transposition. PMID- 7228021 TI - Polykaryocytes resembling Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells in reactive and neoplastic lymphoid disorders. PMID- 7228022 TI - Acute myocardial infarction of both papillary muscles of the left ventricle. PMID- 7228023 TI - Mucocele of the appendix: pseudomyxoma peritonei and intracytoplasmic canaliculus like structures. AB - A case of pseudomyxoma peritonei associated with mucocele of the appendix is reported. To date there is no general agreement as to whether this entity (pseudomyxoma) should be categorized as a malignant lesion. The presence of intracellular canaliculus-like structures adds support to those investigators who believe that pseudomyxoma peritonei reflects a form of malignant disease. PMID- 7228024 TI - In vitro carcinoembryonic antigen production by human gastric carcinoma xenograft in nude mice. PMID- 7228025 TI - Arthrogryposis-like signs in trisomy 18. AB - Two cases of newborn male infants afflicted with trisomy 18 and with signs of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) are described. Anomalies occurring in most cases of trisomy 18 such as polyhydramnios, reduced foetal activity, and skeletal muscle hypoplasia decrease articular movements and, thus might cause AMC. Since AMC is rarely associated with trisomy 18, chromosomal aberration is not the only factor involved in these cases. PMID- 7228026 TI - The Turner phenotype and the different types of human x isochromosome. PMID- 7228027 TI - Multiple cytogenetically abnormal clones in two polycythemia vera patients. PMID- 7228028 TI - A radioenzymatic assay of catechol-O-methyltransferase in hair root cells: comparison with erythrocyte activity. AB - A sensitive radioenzymatic assay of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in hair root cells is presented. Only five hair roots with intact bulb and sheath are needed for one assay. By pulling 15-20 hairs, 3-4 parallel assays can be performed. As in erythrocytes the COMT activity in hair root cells is constant for each individual. Nevertheless, there is no high correlation between the enzyme activities in erythrocyte and in hair root cells (r = 0.26, 0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05, N = 46). The determination of COMT in hair root cells offers a further application of this source in genetic research, as in the study of a correlation between COMT activity and various endogenous psychiatric disorders. PMID- 7228029 TI - Search for a relationship between molecular anomalies of the mutant erythrocyte pyruvate kinase variants and their pathological expression. PMID- 7228030 TI - [Genetic distances between man, chimpanzee, and gorilla based on electrophoretic mobilities of erythrocyte enzymes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7228031 TI - HGPRT structural gene mutation in Lesch-Nyhan-syndrome as indicated by antigenic activity and reversion of the enzyme deficiency. AB - For three patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome the existence of normal amounts of catalytically inactive hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) protein was demonstrated by using antibodies against the normal enzyme subunits. The lack of enzyme activity is reverted in virus transformed cells. Individual revertant cell clones contain different HGPRT enzymes as demonstrated here by isoelectric focusing. The data strongly support the idea of a structural gene mutation as the cause of enzyme deficiency in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. PMID- 7228032 TI - Phenotypic interaction studies of HPRT mutant and normal human fibroblasts. AB - Hypoxanthine incorporation was studied in growing HPRT mutant cells by preincubating them with extracts from normal cells, HPRT mutant cells, and extracts of their lyophilized cell sediment. HPRT mutant cells showed no increase of hypoxanthine uptake after preincubation with extracts of mutant cells, whereas after preincubation with extracts from normal cells and lyophilized sediment of HPRT mutant cells the incorporation rate was increased. This effect could not be observed when normal cells were preincubated with extracts of lyophilized sediments of normal cell lines. PMID- 7228033 TI - The genetic structure of the Kuwaiti population. I. Distribution of 17 markers with genetic distance analysis. AB - Frequency estimates were determined on seventeen blood group, serum protein, and red-cell enzyme markers on random samples of 193 individuals from two Bedouin tribes in addition to the general population in Kuwait. Genetic heterogeneity between the three communities is evident from the significant differences in allelic distribution of the polymorphic markers. Genetic distance measurements were used to compare the results with the oral history of descent of the two tribal communities. Results were in agreement with tribal history. PMID- 7228034 TI - Chromosome banding and compaction. AB - We have described a characteristic substructure of mitotic chromosomes, the chromosomal unit fibre, with lengths about five times the length of the corresponding metaphase chromosomes and a uniform diameter of 0.4 micrometer. In order to study the relationship of chromosome banding to chromosome compaction, methods have been devised to obtain banding patterns on chromosomal unit fibres, similar to G-band patterns of intact mitotic chromosomes. The total number of bands plus interbands per haploid human karyotype is estimated at about 3000. The banding pattern of chromosomal unit fibres indicates a certain resemblance to the normal G-banding pattern of human chromosomes even if the details indicate a short-range random distribution. PMID- 7228035 TI - Ring (15) chromosome. AB - Cytogenetic studies on lymphocytes from a girl aged 3 years and 10 months revealed revealed a ring chromosome 15. Several banding methods showed the r(15) chromosome not to have any apparent deletion of the long arm. The silver staining technique for nucleolar organizer regions showed an NOR positive region (band p12). In only a few cells was a chromosome 15 missing. The size of the r(15) was found to be constant. Comparison with 11 previous reported cases in the literature shows that the clinical manifestations in the different patients with ring chromosome 15 are constant although not clinically identifiable and it appears likely to attribute them to a significantly retarded intrauterine and postnatal growth instead of presumed deficiency in the long arm and mosaic configurations. PMID- 7228036 TI - Partial monosomy 7q syndrome due to distal interstitial deletion. AB - A female infant was ascertained at 10 weeks because of failure to thrive and a peculiar cry and was found to have few morphologic variants. Her karyotype was 46,XX,del(7)(q3105::q3405). The parental karyotypes were normal. At one year she manifested physical retardation and development delay and required surgery for gastroesophageal incompetence. The phenotypic characteristics of this patient and those of six previously reported cases of 7q medial or distal interstitial deletion include many anomalies. Morphologic abnormalities of the head, ears, eyes, mouth, chest, hands, feet, and nerves combined with characteristics of birth weight, growth, and development define a detectable syndrome. An unusual cry may help in the recognition of this new syndrome. PMID- 7228037 TI - Interstitial deletion (2)(p13p15). PMID- 7228038 TI - SOD-A and chromosome 21. Conflicting findings in a familial translocation (9p24;21q214). AB - A balanced maternal chromosome translocation (9p24;21q214) resulted in two offspring with unbalanced karyotypes. One of these, a girl trisomic for both segment 9pter to 9p24 and segment 21pter to 21q214, was found to have a SOD-A activity not significantly different from those found in a group of five cases with trisomy 21. However, clinical evaluation of this girl revealed no symptoms of the Down syndrome. These findings suggest that, providing the gene dosage theory is correct, the gene for SOD-A is probably localized on chromosome 21 proximal to, or in, band q21. PMID- 7228039 TI - Serial duplication of 10 (q21 to q22) in a mentally retarded boy with congenital malformations. PMID- 7228041 TI - Predicting search performance for multiple targets. PMID- 7228040 TI - Combined erythrocyte glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in an Italian family. AB - A severe hemolytic crisis was observed in a 5-year-old boy of Italian origin. Analysis of his hemolysate revealed a hemizygous deficiency of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and a heterozygous deficiency of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI). According to the literature this is the fourth family with a combined deficiency of these two enzymes located on different chromosomes. Only the G6PD deficiency seems to be responsible for the hemolytic crisis. PMID- 7228042 TI - On difficulties in localizing ambulance sirens. PMID- 7228043 TI - Visual detection of driving while intoxicated. PMID- 7228044 TI - Design considerations in the use of factor analysis to study intraindividual processes: a case study of mood in telephone operators. PMID- 7228045 TI - Evoked potential amplitude as a measure of attention in working environments: a comparative study of telephone switchboard design. PMID- 7228046 TI - The anthropometry of the elderly. PMID- 7228047 TI - Effect of driver's age on nighttime legibility of highway signs. PMID- 7228048 TI - A methodology for quantifying the effects of aging on perceptual-motor capability. PMID- 7228049 TI - Signal, noise, performance, and age. PMID- 7228050 TI - Detecting the unexpected in photointerpretation. PMID- 7228051 TI - Visual monitoring in a simulated agricultural machinery operation. PMID- 7228052 TI - Sustained visual attention and carbon monoxide: elimination of adaptation effects. PMID- 7228053 TI - Drivers' steering behavior when meeting another car: the case of perceptual tropism revisited. PMID- 7228054 TI - Monitoring for one kind of signal in the presence of another: the effects of signal mix on detectability. PMID- 7228055 TI - Multiple resources, task-hemispheric integrity, and individual differences in time-sharing. PMID- 7228056 TI - Population studies in northern Sweden. X. The MN blood groups. AB - Frequencies of the MN blood groups were studied in a material of 3,312 conscripts and blood donors from the counties of Norrbotten and Vasterbotten in northern Sweden. The individuals were distributed according to place of birth into 23 subpopulations. The frequency of the M gene was significantly higher in Norrbotten county than in Vasterbotten county. The overall picture of geographical variation was, however, not explainable in terms of Lappish and Finnish influence. In Vasterbotten county a significant departure from the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (excess of heterozygotes) was found. The inbreeding coefficient FST was found to be high (5.3 . 10(-3)) and significant (p less than 0.001) in Vasterbotten county, but low (1.2 . 10(-3) and statistically not significance in Norrbotten county. PMID- 7228057 TI - Quantitative expression of G6PD activity of different phenotypes of G6PD and haemoglobin in a Sudanese population. AB - 597 unrelated persons, comprising of 401 males and 196 females, were investigated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and haemoglobin phenotypes by starch gel electrophoresis. The levels of G6PD activity were assayed in order to study the quantitative expression of G6PD phenotypes and the influence of haemoglobin phenotypes on such expression. There was no significant different in the levels of G6PD activity in subjects with GdA or GdB. The mean levels of the enzyme activity were 165.5 +/- 33.7 and 164.8 +/- 33.8 IU/10(12) red cells in males and 159.3 +/- 27.8 and 163.4 +/- 33.5 IU/10(12) red cells in females, respectively. 14 subjects with Gd(+) "Khartoum" had significantly (p less than 0.001) higher level of enzyme activity with a mean above 200 IU/10(12) red cells. On the other hand, 20 subjects with GdB(int) (demonstrated by visual comparison of starch gel) showed significantly (p less than 0.001) lower levels of enzyme activity (107.6 +/- 23.5 IU/10(12) red cells). The heterozygotes GdAB also had slightly, but not significantly lower levels of enzyme activity than either GdA or GdB. The mean level of activity for GdAB was 140.1 +/- 29.4 IU/10(12) red cells. PMID- 7228058 TI - Distribution of haemoglobin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase phenotypes among different caste groups of Bengal. PMID- 7228059 TI - Taste sensitivity to PTC in the Rajputs of Narendra Nagar (Uttar Pradesh, India). PMID- 7228060 TI - Anthropometric data of children heterozygous for abnormal hemoglobins (Hb AS, Hb AC) and paired controls Hb AA. PMID- 7228061 TI - Stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase: report of a new locus. AB - Two distinct human liver and one erythrocyte aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were reported earlier.. In this study we show evidence to support the existence of another aldehyde dehydrogenase in human stomach tissues. This enzyme does not utilize formaldehyde, acetaldehyde or pyruvic aldehyde as substrate. Furfuraldehyde is readily oxidized while propion-aldehyde is used to a lesser extent. One genetic variant was seen among 71 Chinese stomach specimens while another different variant was found among 33 Indian samples. PMID- 7228062 TI - A general transmission probability model for pedigree data. AB - The three basic transmission probabilities of the two-allele autosomal genetic model proposed by Elston and Stewart in 1971 are made dependent on sex. It is shown that this more general model, comprising twelve transmission probabilities, subsumes the most important simple modes of genetically or environmentally determined transmission that may be responsible for the familial aggregation of traits. Although this does not necessarily solve the problem of testing alternative hypotheses, it provides a holistic parametrization of familial transmission. PMID- 7228063 TI - Microcomputer generation of dynamic stereo graphics for clinical use. PMID- 7228064 TI - Biomedical engineering education: enrollment, courses, degrees, and employment. PMID- 7228065 TI - Temperature-time profile in rats subjected to selective microwave irradiation of the brain. PMID- 7228066 TI - Quantification of time-connectivity patterns in rapid eye movement occurrences during sleep. PMID- 7228067 TI - The use of the time domain analyzed EEG in conjunction with cardiovascular parameters for monitoring anesthetic levels. PMID- 7228069 TI - A programmable temperature-controlled microscope stage for biomedical investigations. PMID- 7228068 TI - A beat-to-beat heart rate meter. PMID- 7228070 TI - Facts and fancies about a posteriori "Wiener" filtering. PMID- 7228071 TI - Measurements of the RF power absorption in spheroidal human and animal phantoms exposed to the near field of a dipole source. PMID- 7228072 TI - A combination isothermal-hydrogen clearance system for the measurement of local tissue flow. PMID- 7228073 TI - A study of origins of the time dependencies of scalp EEG: i--theoretical basis. PMID- 7228074 TI - A study of origins of the time dependencies of scalp EEG: ii--experimental support of theory. PMID- 7228075 TI - A method to estimate volume and surface area of organ by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7228076 TI - A data acquisition and transfer system for analysis of neuronal activity by a central computer. PMID- 7228077 TI - Microthermocouple for soft tissue temperature determination. PMID- 7228078 TI - Dielectric behavior of selected animal tissues in vitro at frequencies from 2 to 4 GHz. PMID- 7228079 TI - 'U' wave in health and disease. PMID- 7228080 TI - Oxyfedrine on left ventricular performance. PMID- 7228082 TI - Outcome of pregnancy with mitral stenosis. PMID- 7228081 TI - Ectasia of the coronary arteries. PMID- 7228083 TI - Exercise and the amplitude of first heart sound in ischemic heart disease and normal subjects. PMID- 7228085 TI - "Left ventricular function in mitral stenosis by systolic time intervals". PMID- 7228084 TI - Serum cholesterol binding reserve (SCBR) in coronary artery disease. PMID- 7228086 TI - Bifascicular block--an electrophysiologic profile. PMID- 7228087 TI - After load reduction therapy with nitroprusside in chronic severe aortic regurgitation. A non invasive assessment. PMID- 7228088 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of aortic valve replacement. PMID- 7228090 TI - Sarcoid heart disease. A case report. PMID- 7228091 TI - Contusio-cordis. A case report. PMID- 7228092 TI - Neoplasms of the central nervous system--histological types in 2237 cases. PMID- 7228093 TI - Study of cell mediated immune status in malignancy. PMID- 7228095 TI - Extra - skeletal Ewing's sarcoma of perineal region. PMID- 7228094 TI - Uterine sarcoma and policy of management. PMID- 7228089 TI - Rate dependance of QRS morphology in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. A case report with electrophysiological studies. PMID- 7228096 TI - Mediterranean lymphoma--a case report. PMID- 7228097 TI - Sertoli cell tumour of the testis. PMID- 7228098 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of prostate. PMID- 7228099 TI - Carcino--sarcoma in a buffalo. PMID- 7228100 TI - The present status of surgical oncology in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7228101 TI - Differences in site patterns of cancer in Sindhi and Parsi sub-groups and the general population of Greater Bombay. PMID- 7228102 TI - Trans - thoracic needle biopsy of lung. PMID- 7228103 TI - The estriol quotient in fibrocystic disease, a high-risk group for breast cancer. PMID- 7228104 TI - Urinary polyamines in cancer. PMID- 7228105 TI - Role of cytology in the diagnosis, management and follow-up of genito-urinary malignancy. PMID- 7228106 TI - Primary tumours of renal pelvis. PMID- 7228107 TI - Bone marrow biopsy in non-haematologic malignancies. PMID- 7228108 TI - Radio opaque marking of pelvic structures: an adjunct, to primary radiation therapy of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 7228109 TI - Interstitial irradiation in recurrent cervical cancer. PMID- 7228110 TI - Primary ureteric adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7228112 TI - Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour. PMID- 7228111 TI - Functional tumour of the organ of Zuckerkandl: some diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. PMID- 7228114 TI - [Technetium scintigraphy in experimental hyperergic arthritis and by rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Guniea pigs showed an increased uptake of 99m-Tc-04 in the inflamed joints during the first days of experimental arthritis. Tc-04 was found in the joint fluid and inflamed synovia. The uptake of Tc-04 and Tc-MDP was reduced by therapy in 13 patients with RA. Classical RA showed an increased uptake of Tc-MDP compared with probable RA. Scintigraphy offers the possibility of early diagnosis and study of progression. PMID- 7228113 TI - [The phenomenon of double line of IgG in immunoelectrophoresis (author's transl)]. AB - Immunoelectrophoretic studies of patients' sera occasionally reveal a parallel splitting of the IgG precipitation line if the test is performed with polyvalent antihuman antiserum directed not only against the Fc-part of the IgG molecule. This phenomenon has been studied in a patient with discoid lupus erythematosus and another patient with lymphadenopathy of unknown origin. Apparently, this finding was not due to a monoclonal gammopathy: In the cellulose membrane electrophoresis no extragradient could be observed and assays with antisera directed against free and bound light chains showed a regular pattern. The splitting of the IgG precipitate is much rather caused by polyclonal IgG with a high proportion of slowly diffusing heterogenous IgG-x, as has been found in studies using the immunoelectrophoresis as well as the analytical ultracentrifuge. It was not due to Fab fragments. PMID- 7228115 TI - [Compulsory registration of laboratory directors according to paragraph 9 of the Federal Epidemic Legislation of 18 December 1979]. PMID- 7228116 TI - [Animal studies on ribostamycin (author's transl)]. AB - Nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy of ribostamycin were evaluated in rats. Measures of nephrotoxicity were urinary excretion of tubular cells and malate dehydrogenase. The i.v. injections of ribostamycin lead to the same tubular cell excretion values as the i.m. injections. Parallel administration of D-glucaro-delta-lactam reduced the nephrotoxic effect of ribostamycin significantly. The lowest dose which leads to a significantly increased loss of tubular cells was 20 mg/kg/d and was distinctly above that of gentamicin, indicating a lower nephrotoxicity. This corresponded to lower renal ribostamycin concentrations after a single dose administration as well as after 9 times repeated dosing. In chemotherapy of the acute pyelonephritis of the rat ribostamycin was inferior to gentamicin at dosages of 2.5 or 5 mg/kg. PMID- 7228117 TI - Development of hybridomas secreting anti-human chorionic gonadotropin antibodies. PMID- 7228118 TI - Development of antiserum against bovine prolactin for radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7228119 TI - Antigenic patterns of pre & post menopausal normal cervix. PMID- 7228120 TI - Regulation of natural killer activity in vivo: Part I--loss of natural killer activity during starvation. PMID- 7228121 TI - Changes in surface topography, lipid composition & phospholipases of Hartmanella culbertsoni cultured in presence of cholesterol. PMID- 7228122 TI - Isolation & characterization of antibiotic resistant mutants of cowpea Rhizobium 32Hi. PMID- 7228123 TI - Early histopathological changes in testis of a non-scrotal bat Rhinopoma kinneari Wroughton challenged by single sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride. PMID- 7228124 TI - Daily monitoring of X-ray induced histopathological changes in spermatogenically active testis of non-scrotal bat Rhinopoma kinneari Wroughton. PMID- 7228125 TI - Cytostatic & cytotoxic effects of flower extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis on spermatogenically & androgenically active testes of a non-scrotal bat Rhinopoma kinneari Wroughton. PMID- 7228127 TI - Histopathology of testes of mice fed on zinc-deficient diet. PMID- 7228128 TI - Effect of single sub-lethal, lethal & chronic doses of barbital sodium on testes of the garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin): histological investigation. PMID- 7228126 TI - Short & long term effect of aspirin on testes of albino rats: a histological & biochemical study. PMID- 7228129 TI - Effect of megadoses of ascorbate with different dietary protein sources on lipid metabolism in guinea pigs fed on atherogenic diets. PMID- 7228130 TI - Mode of action of erythropoietin on phenylalanine & acetate incorporation in different tissues. PMID- 7228131 TI - Effect of monosodium glutamate on the activity of alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7228132 TI - Bioaccumulation, metabolism & elimination of DDT by the fresh water clam Indonaia caerulea (Lea). PMID- 7228133 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes: effect of isoproterenol induced myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 7228134 TI - Nature of endosulfon induced blood sugar lowering. PMID- 7228135 TI - Correlative study of inorganic phosphate induced negative inotropism & cardiac potential in isolated rabbit heart. PMID- 7228136 TI - Changes in cellular constituents of gastrointestinal tract in hyperglycaemic & hyperlipaemic states of rabbits. PMID- 7228137 TI - Changes in electrolyte composition in different tissues of the frog Rana hexadactyla (Lesson) during denervation atrophy. PMID- 7228138 TI - In vivo application of voltage gradient technique to frog gastrocnemius muscle & subcellular migratory patterns of sucrose soluble proteins & succinate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7228139 TI - In vitro effect of some chemicals on collagen characteristics of skin & muscle of the freshwater murrel Ophiocephalus punctatus Bloch. PMID- 7228140 TI - Effect of thermal acclimation on hypothalamic neurosecretory system of the garden lizard Calotes versicolor. PMID- 7228141 TI - Role of taurine in calcium activated contractions. PMID- 7228142 TI - Modulation of muscle AMP deaminase during fatigue. PMID- 7228143 TI - Alloxan induced metabolic changes in the skeletal muscle. PMID- 7228144 TI - Effect of solar eclipse on ECG & leucocytes in albino rats. PMID- 7228146 TI - Inhibitory effect of adrenaline on rat paw oedema induced by mercury. PMID- 7228145 TI - Effect of arecoline on the humoral & cell mediated immune responses in mice. PMID- 7228147 TI - Effect of amino acids on bioavailability of paracetamol in rabbits. PMID- 7228148 TI - Depression of ascorbic acid by drug & hormones in white & black skins of guinea pig. PMID- 7228149 TI - Electrophoretic patterns of serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in Punjabi populations. PMID- 7228150 TI - Effect of prolactin & thyroid stimulating hormone on growth, collagen characteristics & tissue protein contents of the young male garden lizard Calotes versicolor. PMID- 7228151 TI - Studies on fatty acid composition of serum lipids in rats red mustard oil of groundnut oil containing diets. PMID- 7228153 TI - A genetic study of bovine lymphocyte antigens (BoLA) and their frequency in several breeds. AB - Using sera which defined the BoLA specificities at the two International BoLA workshops (Edinburgh, 1978 and Wageningen, 1980) and the European Regional workshop (Paris, 1979), 142 informative matings from 15 bulls have been studied. On the basis of this data, 11 of the 15 internationally agreed specificities and one of the regionally defined specificities behave as if controlled by alleles at a single autosomal locus. Data has not as yet been obtained for the other four internationally agreed specificities which are also believed to be at this locus. - The frequencies of 13 of the internationally agreed specificities and one of the regionally defined specificities have been studied for both sexes in one breed and for a single sex in another five breeds. The other two internationally agreed specificities are very recent and the populations have not been tested for them. The frequencies between sexes within a breed and within sexes between breeds differ significantly. PMID- 7228152 TI - Studies on blood groups in the Japanese quail: the common antigens possessed by red blood cells and leukocytes, and their inheritance. AB - Two alloantigens, Ly1 and Ly2, were detected with alloantisera made by immunization with leukocytes. These antigens were present on red blood cells, peripheral leukocytes and spleen cells and found to be controlled by the autosomal codominant alleles. The phenotypic frequencies of Ly1 antigen in the three quail stocks, 1, 2, and 3, were 6.7, 0, and 100 percent, respectively, and those of Ly2 antigen were 0 percent in stocks 1 and 2, 7.1 percent in stock 3. It was suggested that Ly1 and Ly2 antigens might be associated with the system controlling A (QN1) antigen which was originally detected by the natural alloantibody. However, it remains to be investigated whether these antigens are associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the Japanese quail. PMID- 7228154 TI - Wild-derived alleles of five allozyme-encoding loci in B10.W mice. PMID- 7228155 TI - Epidemiology and prevention of measles in rural south India. PMID- 7228156 TI - Salmonella pattern in India. PMID- 7228157 TI - Relative effectiveness of different methods of control of Brugian filariasis in India. PMID- 7228159 TI - Insecticide susceptibility status of a colonized strain of Anopheles culicifacies Giles. PMID- 7228158 TI - Acquired resistance in experimental giardiasis. PMID- 7228160 TI - Evaluation of repellency of N-toluyl piperidine and other chemicals against Haemadispa sylvestris (Blanchrd) and Hirudo medicinalis (L). PMID- 7228161 TI - Comparative morbidity following tubal ligation by abdominal and vaginal routes. PMID- 7228162 TI - Thyroid function studies in non-endemic non-toxic goitres. PMID- 7228163 TI - Infective endocarditis--an autopsy study. PMID- 7228164 TI - Effects of constituents of artificial urine on spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite). PMID- 7228165 TI - Factors affecting the distribution of house-dust mites under domestic conditions in Lucknow. PMID- 7228166 TI - Experimental study on osseous phlebography and fracture healing. PMID- 7228167 TI - Effect of maternal administration of papain on rat foetal liver and kidney. PMID- 7228168 TI - Emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in acute corrosive poisoning. PMID- 7228169 TI - Biochemical changes in experimental rabies: brain monoamines and free amino acids. PMID- 7228170 TI - A study on Vibrio cholerae strains isolated in Tamil Nadu during 1976-79. PMID- 7228171 TI - Occurrence of avian malaria parasite species with resemblance to Plasmodium (Novyella) hexamerium outside its recorded habitat. PMID- 7228172 TI - Insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens fatigans and its relevance to vector control. PMID- 7228173 TI - Serum progesterone in women with lactational amenorrhoea. PMID- 7228174 TI - Left ventricular function during pregnancy by noninvasive technique. PMID- 7228175 TI - Skeletal growth in healthy children from a public school in Delhi. PMID- 7228176 TI - Clinical grading of lingual lesions in vitamin B-complex deficiency. PMID- 7228177 TI - Carbon tetrachloride toxicity: failure of promethazine to prevent in vivo liver injury. PMID- 7228178 TI - Purification of rat cardiac antigen II and comparison of its properties with other cardiac antigens. PMID- 7228179 TI - X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in relation to X-chromatin frequency during menstrual cycle. PMID- 7228180 TI - Biochemical studies on the toxoids of venoms of poisonous Indian snakes. PMID- 7228181 TI - Antifertility activity of Lygodium flexosum. PMID- 7228182 TI - Beneficial effect of endurance training at moderate altitude on adaptation to high altitude. PMID- 7228184 TI - Staphylococcal wound infection in a surgical ward at Lucknow. PMID- 7228183 TI - Studies on Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Bangalore. PMID- 7228185 TI - Antibody response against pertussis vaccine in rabbits and guinea pigs. PMID- 7228186 TI - Some errors in tuberculosis surveys. PMID- 7228187 TI - Infant feeding practices of working mothers in an urban area. PMID- 7228188 TI - Antibody response to tetanus toxoid during pregnancy. PMID- 7228189 TI - Erythrocytic osmotic fragility in neonates born following oxytocin infusion during labour. PMID- 7228190 TI - Profile of childhood empyema thoracis in north India. PMID- 7228191 TI - Serum proteins and immunoglobulins in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7228192 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 7228194 TI - Study of immune status of patients with severe burns. PMID- 7228195 TI - Vascular and interstitial patterns of amyloidosis of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7228193 TI - Lysosomal enzymes in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with brain tumours. PMID- 7228196 TI - Radial immunoelectrophoresis and counter immunoelectrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes. PMID- 7228197 TI - Comparison of conventional and discontinuous counter immunoelectrophoresis for the detection of HBsAg. PMID- 7228198 TI - Leukocyte migration test against hepatitis B surface antigen in cryptogenic cirrhosis: a preliminary report. PMID- 7228199 TI - Immunological studies on monovalent Enhydrina schistosa antivenin. PMID- 7228200 TI - Prescriptive zones of hot and humid environments for acclimatised Indians. PMID- 7228201 TI - Lithium response in the treatment of manic symptomatology. PMID- 7228202 TI - In vivo and in vitro availability of commercial phenytoin formulations containing phenobarbitone. PMID- 7228203 TI - Bioavailability in humans of solid dosage forms of phenytoin marketed in India. PMID- 7228204 TI - Availability of ampicillin in biological fluids. PMID- 7228205 TI - Effect of drugs interacting with adrenergic mechanisms and of adrenalectomy on pilocarpine-induced salivation in mice. PMID- 7228207 TI - Granulocyte transfusions: a review. PMID- 7228206 TI - Dysphagia lusoria in adult. PMID- 7228208 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells of healthy, diseased and exposed persons. PMID- 7228209 TI - A study of hepatic arterial pattern in one hundred cadavers. PMID- 7228210 TI - Cytotoxicity of excretory and secretory products of Nematospiroides dubius (Heligmosomidae: Nematoda) on the mitosis in Allium test. PMID- 7228212 TI - Epidemiology of pseudomonas infection in burn ward. PMID- 7228211 TI - Preparation and standardization of fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate in a developing blood bank. PMID- 7228213 TI - Uremic pericarditis: clinico-pathological analysis. PMID- 7228214 TI - Neutrophil band count in neonatal bacterial infection. PMID- 7228215 TI - Malignant pleural effusion in myeloma: cytologic diagnosis. PMID- 7228216 TI - Flatulence production abilities of different Indian foods and effect of certain spices on flatulence. PMID- 7228217 TI - Primary squamous cell carcinoma of endometrium.--Report of a case and review of literature. PMID- 7228218 TI - Adamantinoma of tibia. PMID- 7228219 TI - Shigella septicaemia in children: report of three cases. PMID- 7228220 TI - A case report of Gastrodiscoides hominis infestation. PMID- 7228221 TI - Ebstein's disease--an autopsy report. PMID- 7228222 TI - Salmonella cerro causing pyaemia in man--report of a case. PMID- 7228223 TI - W.H.O. activities for control of diarrheal disease in developing countries. PMID- 7228224 TI - Erythrocyte membrane enzyme acetyl cholinesterase in neonatal jaundice. PMID- 7228226 TI - A method for assessment of quality of child health care in under fives' clinic of primary health centres. PMID- 7228225 TI - A study of oral rehydration therapy in childhood diarrhea. PMID- 7228227 TI - Evaluation of knowledge and efficiency of Anganwadi workers. PMID- 7228228 TI - Better primary health care services utilization through integrated child development service scheme in Haryana. PMID- 7228229 TI - A longitudinal study of morbidity in children in a rural area of Punjab. PMID- 7228230 TI - Loperamide versus diphenoxylate in diarrhea of infants and children. PMID- 7228232 TI - Intractable diarrhea in infancy. PMID- 7228231 TI - Drugs in the treatment of diarrheas. PMID- 7228233 TI - Hematocolpos presenting as retention of urine and stools. PMID- 7228234 TI - Isolated ectopic pancreatic tissue at umbilicus. PMID- 7228235 TI - The role of HLA antigens in disease. PMID- 7228236 TI - Management of post-BCG lymphadenitis. PMID- 7228237 TI - Primary peritonitis in children. PMID- 7228238 TI - Evaluation of micro erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. PMID- 7228239 TI - Normal testicular volume in school children. PMID- 7228240 TI - An epidemiological study of smoking in urban school boys of Ajmer. PMID- 7228241 TI - Neonatal bacterial infections at Chandigarh: a decade of experience. PMID- 7228242 TI - Management of common skin disorders in children. PMID- 7228243 TI - Current concepts in the treatment of pyogenic meningitis. PMID- 7228244 TI - Transnitrosation by nitrosamines and nitrosoureas. AB - The factors that determine alicyclic nitrosamines can act as transnitrosating agents include steric and electronic factors, as well as factors relating to the basicity of the parent amine. The slower transnitrosating agents, such as nitrosopipecolic acid, can nitrosate piperidine at pH 1.7, while the nitrosopiperazines cannot. Nitrosoureas, particularly nitrosotrialkylureas, are rapid transnitrosating agents and all are capable of nitrosating piperidine to high yields, even at pH 3.6. PMID- 7228245 TI - Inhibitory agents and chemical and mechanisms in the dihalomethane-mediated nitrosation of amines with solid nitrite. AB - Methylene chloride and certain other dihaloalkanes react efficiently with dissolved secondary amines and, in presence of insoluble sodium nitrite, yield N nitroso compounds. Mechanistic studies indicate that the intermediates in the nitrosation mixture include the formaldiminium ion, the amine hydrochloride and the diaminomethane (aminal). They also indicate that the formaldiminium ion is by far the most reactive toward sodium nitrite, which probably reacts with the former by nucleophilic attack. Ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, dehydroascorbic acid, potassium iodide and potassium carbonate inhibited the reaction, whereas alpha-tocopherol, Trolox and sodium ascorbate were found to be ineffective. Ascorbic acid reacted with the secondary amine in a complex fashion. The mode of inhibition probably does not involve reduction of the solid nitrite. PMID- 7228246 TI - The reaction of N-nitroso compounds with 2,4-bis (4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4 dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfide. New aspects of the destruction of the N nitroso function. AB - In connection with work on 2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide (I), used for thiation of carbonyl compounds, different kinds of compounds with semipolar bondings have been reacted with I, especially C- and N nitroso compounds. C-Nitroso compounds give azoxy and azo compounds. N-Nitroso compounds give new phosphorus ring systems, depending on the starting material, and the N-nitroso function is destroyed. An elimination of HNO has been observed where there was resonance stabilization in the imine formed. PMID- 7228247 TI - The mechanism of nitrosation of tertiary amines. PMID- 7228248 TI - The fragmentation and transformation of beta-oxidized N-nitrosamines in relation to their analysis and occurrence. PMID- 7228249 TI - Formation and chemistry of alpha- and beta-oxidized nitrosamines. AB - Nitrosamines, in general, require metabolic transformation to produce electrophilic metabolites. These interact with cellular nucleophiles to initiate the chain of events culminating in tumour initiation. The enzymatic hydroxylation of the alpha-carbon of nitrosamines has long been held to be an important process in the formation of carcinogenic metabolites. The present work suggests, however, that there may be other processes which also result in the formation of electrophilic species. These include: (1) beta-hydroxylation, followed by appropriate conjugation, which results in the formation of electrophilic oxadiazolium ions. (2) O-alkylation of nitrosamines, which has the effect of labilizing the alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen toward nucleophilic substitution. (3) The formation of alpha, beta-unsaturated nitrosamine (N nitrosoenamines), which are highly reactive species that can be readily transformed to alpha-hydroxylated nitrosamines by acid-catalyzed hydration. N nitrosoenamines also react directly with a variety of nucleophilic reagents. The isomerization of beta, gamma-unsaturated nitrosamines to the alpha, beta unsaturated isomers has been demonstrated to occur in vivo. PMID- 7228250 TI - Kinetics of nitrosamine formation in mice following oral administration of trace level precursors. AB - Groups of 3-5 Swiss CD1 mice were gavaged with aqueous solutions of sodium nitrite (250 micrograms), followed immediately by morpholine (5 micrograms) or dimethylamine (250 micrograms). At subsequent intervals, up to 30-60 min, mice were frozen, pulverized in liquid nitrogen and extracted with methylene chloride. Volatile nitrosamines were then quantitatively determined using a Thermal Energy Analyzer, interfaced to GC or HPLC. Biosynthesis of both N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) showed a time-dependent increase for 3 and 9 min, respectively, followed by a steady decline. Levels of NDMA and NMOR were generally less than 0.1 ng/g in control mice gavaged with amine or nitrite alone. Zero-time recovery of NDMA and NMOR ranged from 50-70% and 70-90%, respectively. Biosynthesis of NDMA and NMOR was inhibited by prior administration of ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate or ammonium sulfamate. PMID- 7228251 TI - On the formation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine from potential precursors and nitrite. AB - Several naturally occurring amino compounds, structurally related to pyrrolidine, were reacted with nitrite in heated, weakly acidic, aqueous systems and the amount of NPYR formed was measured. The study included amines, free amino acids and different proline-containing peptides. The yields of NPYR formed from pyrrolidine, putrescine, agmatine, spermidine, spermine, proline, ornithine and arginine with nitrite in the pH range 6.6 to 4.0 were determined. The lowest yields were obtained from the amino acids, due to slow decarboxylation. When proline peptides were heated with nitrite at pH 5.7 and 4.0, no NPYR was detected (except in the case of cyclo-(Pro-Pro-)), but at pH 3.4, small amounts of NPYR were formed from all tested peptides. Cyclo-(Pro-Pro-) yielded NPYR at pH 5.7 and 4.0, as well. It is suggested that, under certain conditions, N-nitrosation may occur during cleavage of a peptide bond in the presence of nitrous acid. The formation of NPYR and NPIP from proline, pyrrolidine, putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine was studied in a model experiment, using minced bacon as the reaction medium. The results show that the formation of NPYR and other volatile nitrosamines is possible in the aqueous phase of bacon during frying. PMID- 7228252 TI - In vivo nitrosation of morpholine in mice by inhaled NO2. AB - Groups of 3-5 mice were gavaged with aqueous solutions of 2 mg morpholine and immediately exposed to 2-50 ppm levels of NO2 in inhalation chambers for periods of up to 3 hours. After exposure, mice were frozen and pulverized in liquid nitrogen, and aliquots of frozen powder (congruent to 8 g) were extracted with cold 35% aqueous methanol and methylene chloride. Concentrated methylene chloride solutions were analyzed for N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), using gas chromatography with a Thermal Energy analyzer detector. NMOR levels in controls (exposed to NO2 alone, or dosed with morpholine without subsequent NO2 exposure) were less than 5 ng/mouse. NMOR yields in test mice were time-dependent with respect to duration of NO2 exposure and dose-dependent with respect to NO2 levels. These preliminary studies demonstrate the in vivo nitrosating potential of nitrogen oxides. PMID- 7228253 TI - Nitrosation of dialkylamines in the presence of bile acid conjugates. AB - The rate of nitrosation of dihexylamine is enhanced when the reaction is carried ut in the presence of micelles containing bile acid conjugates or bile acid conjugates and lecithin. The nitrosation of smaller dialkylamines is not affected. The nitrosation of dihexylamine under these conditions is inhibited by alpha-tocopherol at pH 3 or pH 5. At pH 3 the reaction is inhibited by ascorbic acid, while at pH 5 it is inhibited by equimolar concentrations of ascorbic acid, but accelerated by higher concentration of ascorbic acid. The effect of ascorbic acid at pH 5 depends on the presence of oxygen and sulfamate. PMID- 7228254 TI - Formation of N-nitrosamine and N-nitrosamino acids from food products and nitrite under simulated gastric conditions. AB - Average-sized portions of a variety of food products were reacted with nitrite under realistically simulated gastric conditions. The aqueous incubation medium contained sodium nitrite (10 mg/l) and potassium thiocyanate to mimic the incoming flux of saliva, as well as pepsin, sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid, reflecting the composition of gastric juice. After incubation for 2 hr at 37 degrees C, volatile N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosamino acids were determined in the reaction mixtures. Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was present in the incubation mixtures of smoked mackerel (8.5 micrograms per portion), canned herring (0.66 micrograms per portion) and beer (0.70 micrograms per 'portion'). Smaller amounts per portion, sometimes of other nitrosamines as well, were observed with canned salmon and anchovy, mustard, yoghurt and coffee brew. Negative results were obtained for canned tuna, soya sauce, ketchup, white bread, 'nasi goreng', tea brew and cocoa milk. Nitrosamino acids were detected in the reaction mixtures of smoked mackerel (58 micrograms per portion), soya sauce (24 micrograms per portion) and canned salmon (6.9 micrograms per portion) and in smaller amounts in those of canned herring, anchovy and cocoa milk. In order to reduce the number of analyses to be performed, most products have been studied only after incubation, so that the nitrosamines and nitrosamino acids found may already have been present -- wholly or partly -- in the original products, before incubation. Such is the case for part of the NDMA in the reaction mixture of smoked mackerel and for all the NDMA in beer. The toxicological implications of these findings remain to be established. PMID- 7228255 TI - Nitrosation of orally administered drugs under simulated stomach conditions. AB - Of a total of 61 drugs considered to be potentially nitrosatable on the basis of their chemical structure, 7 have indeed been nitrosated in gastric juice at pH 2 and under simulated human stomach conditions, where the pH was varied from about 7 to 2 within 60 min. The 7 nitrosatable drugs were ethambutole, despiramine hydrochloride, clomipramine hydrochloride, phenoxymethyl penicillin, aminophenazone, piperazine diadipate and analgine. Inhibition of nitrosation under simulated stomach conditions was also investigated using ascorbic acid, sulfanilamide, p-aminosalicylic acid and sulfamic acid. The first three agents were effective inhibitors, whereas sulfamic acid stimulated nitrosation within a distinct pH range. PMID- 7228256 TI - The influence of ascorbic acid and DL-alpha-tocopherol on the formation of nitrosamines in an in vitro gastrointestinal model system. AB - The nitrosation of aminopyrine (4.3 mmol/l) and dimethylamine (4.3 mmol/l) by nitrite (4.3 mmol/l) were studied over the pH range 6-8 in a system containing bile acids and lipid. Both amines were nitrosated to form N-nitrosodimethylamine. The nitrosation of aminopyrine and, to a greater extent, dimethylamine, is enhanced by bile acids. The simultaneous incorporation of ascorbic acid (8.6 mmol/l) and dl-alpha-tocopherol (4.3 mmol/l) was found to be effective in preventing the nitrosation of these two amines. dl-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate was found to be an ineffective blocking agent in this in vitro system. PMID- 7228257 TI - Dietary and other factors affecting nitrosomethylurea (NMU) formation in the rat stomach. AB - Nitrosomethylurea (NMU) formation was measured radioactively in the stomach contents of rats fed 3H-methylurea and sodium nitrite, mostly in semi-synthetic diets. When methylurea and sodium nitrite were added to various diets, the NMU concentration, averaged over 1-4 hours after the food was presented, was 4.6 micrograms/kg stomach contents for low-protein, 2.7 for control semi-synthetic, 2.4 for high-fat, 1.26 for bran, 1.24 for high-protein and 0.54 for the commercial diet. With the low-protein diet, the amount of NMU after 1 hour was 36.6 micrograms, corresponding to 5.3% conversion of methylurea. The decrease in yield as protein content increased was attributed to buffering action and competition for nitrite by the protein, as well as to the effects of the latter on consistency. It may also be correlated with the observation that human gastric cancer is associated with high-starch low-protein diets. Nitrite in diet was more effective in producing NMU than the same nitrite concentration in drinking water, except with sodium nitrite concentrations less than or equal to 0.5 g/kg vehicle, where the position was reversed. Sodium ascorbate added to a semi-synthetic diet at a level of 2.9 g/kg inhibited NMU production by 50%. PMID- 7228258 TI - Intestinal formation of nitrite and N-nitroso compounds. PMID- 7228259 TI - Model system studies on N-nitrosamine formation in relation to cured meat: the non-polar phase and S-nitroso peptides. AB - In view of recent findings that N-nitrosamine formation occurs principally in the adipose tissue of frying bacon, an heterogeneous protein-based model system has been developed which incorporates a 20% decane phase. The N-nitrosation reactions of a series of secondary amines, of varying lipophilicity, have been studied at 37 degrees C, pH 5.25, in the model system, formulated with and without the non polar phase. In the presence of decane, a 20-fold enhancement in the formation of N-nitrosodihexylamine was observed, whereas no increase was found for N nitrosopyrrolidine. Ascorbic acid enhanced the N-nitrosation of lipophilic amines in the presence of decane, but did not affect the yield of N-nitrosopyrrolidine under the same conditions. Ascorbyl palmitate had little influence on the N nitrosation reactions in the presence or absence of decane. The results are discussed in relation to N-nitrosamine formation in the lean and adipose components of fried bacon. The degree of N-nitrosation afforded by S-nitroso amino acids and peptides has been investigated as a function of the size of the 'peptide' molecule in aqueous solution. The reactions of N-methylaniline with sodium nitrite, S-nitrosocysteine, S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitrosoglutathione bound to a polysaccharide gel have been examined at 37 degrees C, pH 5.5. The rates of N-nitrosamine formation were found to be higher for S-nitrosocysteine than for the peptide systems, although the rate for the polysaccharide model system was dependent upon the local S-nitroso concentration on the gel. The results are discussed in relation to N-nitrosamine formation in cured meats and in the digestive tract. PMID- 7228260 TI - Nitrosamides derived from peptide models: their preparations and chemical behavior. AB - N-Acyl alpha-amino acids have been nitrosated to yield the nitrosamides, which are virtually stable at room temperature, but are thermolysed in refluxing benzene or methanol. The corresponding carboxylates of these nitrosamides rearrange rapidly at room temperature to generate diazoalkane- and/or diazoacylate-type intermediates, which are good alkylating agents. Rate constants for the decomposition of the nitrosamide, N-acetyl-N-nitroso-D,L-phenylalanine, have been determined. PMID- 7228261 TI - Compounds formed by treatment of corn (Zea mays) with nitrous acid. AB - Nitrohexane has been identified as a major product formed following treatment of corn (Zea mays) with nitrous acid. Preliminary evidence suggests that another compound isolated from the nitrosated corn is an unsaturated nitrolic acid. As an aid to the analysis of N-nitro compounds, we have characterized the response of a chemiluminescence detector (Thermal Energy Analyzer) as a function of pyrolysis chamber temperature for several nitrosamines and for an aliphatic C-nitroso compound, an aromatic C-nitro compound, a nitramine and an alkyl nitrite. The response-temperature profiles are valuable in distinguishing among the various compounds and in optimizing the sensitivity of the detector for use in chromatography. Other tests, including photolysis and stability toward nitrite scavenging reagents, further aid in distinguishing among the various compounds. PMID- 7228262 TI - Reactions of nitrosamines with nucleophiles in acid solution. AB - The kinetics of denitrosation of N-alkyl (and aryl) N-nitrosoaniline derivatives in ethanolic HCl have been studied. In contrast with the results for the corresponding reactions in water, there is no catalysis by added nucleophiles and the solvent isotope effect is 3.8. Similar results were obtained for reactions in water at high nucleophile concentrations and also for N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in water in the absence of added nucleophiles. All the results are consistent with a change in rate-determining step which can be brought about in three independent ways. This also explains the absence of nucleophilic catalysis for N-nitrosation of amides. Results are presented for the nitrosation of N-methyl urea. PMID- 7228263 TI - Synthesis of monosaccharide nitrosamines. AB - This paper describes the chemical synthesis of a chain-branched, monosaccharide nitrosamine: 3-[N-nitroso-N-ethyl]-aminomethyl-D-allose. Nitrosamines with alpha carbon-carbon-bonded carbohydrate residues (hydrophilic carrier) could be interesting for experimental cancer research; specifically, in biological experiments (testing for carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic effects), biochemical experiments (enzymatic activation, metabolites) and physiological experiments (resorption studies). PMID- 7228265 TI - Combination of a GC-TEA and a GC-MS-data system for the microgram/kg estimation and confirmation of volatile N-nitrosamines in foods. AB - An analytical procedure has been outlined in which volatile N-nitrosamines in foods are isolated by vacuum distillation, cleaned up, identified and quantified by GC-TEA and qualitatively confirmed by GC-MS, coupled with a data system. Spectra are presented which demonstrate that this technique is capable of confirming NDMA and NPYR in a variety of foods at levels of 1 to 10 micrograms/kg. Unequivocal confirmation is based on three types of evidence: (1) the compound is TEA positive; (2) the compound has the correct retention time on a packed and on a capillary column; (3) the complete mass spectrum closely matches standard spectra. These procedures have been used to confirm the presence of trace levels of NDMA in domestic beer and in non-fat dry milk. PMID- 7228264 TI - Assays for metabolic alpha-hydroxylation of N'-nitrosonornicotine and N nitrosopyrrolidine and the influence of modifying factors. AB - High-pressure liquid chromatographic methods were developed to study microsomal alpha-hydroxylation, which is likely to be an activation mechanism for N nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). The effects of ethanol, phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment on the alpha hydroxylation of NPYR and NNN were determined using F-344 rats and Syrian golden hamsters. In the rat, 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment decreased the rates of alpha-hydroxylation of NPYR and 5'-hydroxylation of NNN, but increased the rate of 2'-hydroxylation of NNN. Phenobarbital pretreatment of rats did not markedly affect rates of alpha-hydroxylation of NPYR or NNN. In the hamster, 3 methylcholanthrene pretreatment increased the rate of alpha-hydroxylation of NPYR, but did not affect the rates of alpha-hydroxylation of NNN. Phenobarbital or ethanol pretreatment of hamsters resulted in increased rates of alpha hydroxylation of NPYR and 5'-hydroxylation of NNN. The induction of alpha hydroxylation of NNN and NPYR by ethanol suggests that these nitrosamines may be more carcinogenic in alcohol-treated animals. PMID- 7228266 TI - Comparison of analyses of wastewaters for N-nitrosamines using various detectors. AB - Three GC detectors, the AFID, the TEA and the Hall (pyrolytic mode), were evaluated for the monitoring of wastewaters for NDMA, NDPA and NDPhA. All three detectors were adequate for NDMA and NDPA determinations. Due to its thermal lability, NDPhA has to be determined indirectly as its degradation product, DPhA, using the AFID. A column clean-up method for removing DPhA from samples prior to GC analysis is described. Since both the TEA and the Hall (pyrolytic mode) detectors utilize pyrolysis after gas chromatography, they are not satisfactory for NDPhA monitoring. Wastewater analysis using all three detectors gave comparable data; however, the lack of nitrosamine selectivity in the AFID requires both that the sample undergo an initial clean-up and a longer GC bake off time. It is also noted that the Hall detector used in the pyrolytic mode may offer some advantages for routine nitrosamine monitoring; and is less restricted in its utility than the TEA. PMID- 7228267 TI - The sequential determination of nitrite, N-nitroso compounds and nitrate and its application. AB - The selective determination of nitrite, N-nitroso compounds as a group and nitrate can be accomplished directly on most food or other matrices by quantifying the nitric oxide released following the additions in sequence of acetic acid, hydrogen bromide and titanous chloride under an atmosphere of nitrogen. Most of the many other compounds potentially formed from nitrite in a biological system are either decomposed to nitric oxide in the refluxing solvent system alone or else do not yield nitric oxide at any stage throughout the determinations of nitrite and N-nitroso compounds. Only nitrolic acids and S nitrothiols, like nitrosamines and nitrosamides, require the use of hydrogen bromide for breakdown to nitric oxide. The application of the present procedure to the determination of nitrite and N-nitroso compounds (as a group) in a series of animal diets has shown the presence of levels of nitrite below the limit of detection of more conventional methods, even in those diets not deliberately treated with nitrite. Evidence was also obtained for the presence of non volatile, non-extractable N-nitroso compounds in diets both treated and untreated with high levels of nitrite. Confirmation was provided in the case of one diet not treated with nitrite, in that it was found to convert morpholine into its N nitroso derivative, which was detected by gas chromatography with a Thermal Energy Analyzer detector. PMID- 7228268 TI - Some recent advances in the analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines. PMID- 7228269 TI - New pathways for the rapid formation of N-nitrosamines under neutral and alkaline conditions. AB - Ethylene glycol, several carbohydrates (sugars) and alkanolamines influence the formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines in neutral and alkaline aqueous solutions at 25 degrees C in presence of dissolved nitrosyl gases. These compounds either catalyse or inhibit the reactions (depending on the experimental conditions and reagent reactivities) by forming a nitrite ester intermediate, which reacts readily with secondary amines. The reactions may explain the origin of some N-nitrosamines in vivo and in consumer products, particularly those originating from NOX pollutants. N-Nitrosamines are also formed at ambient temperatures by the gamma-radiolysis of neutral aqueous solutions of either NaNO2 or NaNO3 and secondary amines. With NaNO3, N-nitroamines are in accompanying product. These reactions are considered to proceed via N2O3 and N2O4 intermediates, generated from NaNO2 and NaNO3, respectively. PMID- 7228270 TI - An HPLC-UV method for the direct evaluation of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in some cosmetic products and raw materials. AB - An HPLC-UV method for evaluating the possible contamination of cosmetic products and raw materials by N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) is described. The usual extraction process is eliminated and the risk introduced by various external factors is minimized. It is clearly shown that NDELA forms readily under certain conditions and that nitrite scavengers have an inhibitory effect on the formation of nitrosamines. Recommendations are made for improving the quality of cosmetic raw materials by testing them for nitrite and NDELA before use. PMID- 7228271 TI - Report of collaborative studies of the determination of volatile nitrosamines in cheese and pesticides. PMID- 7228272 TI - Further studies on the occurrence of volatile and non-volatile nitrosamines in foods. AB - Approximately 250 samples of various foods, such as cured meat products, fried bacon, cooked-out bacon fats, baby foods containing meats, tomato products, cooked pizza, powdered and evaporated milk, mushrooms and different varieties of alcoholic beverages, were analysed by GLC-TEA for the presence of volatile nitrosamines. The levels detected in cured meat products (both cooked and uncooked) were very low, and both their incidence (at greater than 1 microgram/kg) and concentrations were much lower than those observed in a 1974 survey. The levels of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) in fried bacon and cooked-out bacon fats were also somewhat lower than those observed at the end of 1976, but the decrease may not be significant. Traces (mean, 1.5 micrograms/kg) of N nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were detected in 21 of 22 samples of beers and ales. Most of the remaining foods gave negative results, excepting the skim milk powders, which contained minute traces (mean, 0.4 micrograms/kg) of NDMA. An HPLC TEA method was developed for the analysis of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) and N nitrososarcosine (NSAR) in raw and fried bacon. A study of the heat-induced decarboxylation of these nitrosamino acids suggests that these compounds are heat labile and would not be expected to occur in fried foods at significant levels. Their presence, however, may lead to the formation of traces of NPYR and NDMA during frying at lower temperatures. PMID- 7228274 TI - Variations of the concentration of N-nitroso compounds in meat products processed with minimal amounts of nitrite. PMID- 7228273 TI - Occurrence of volatile nitrosamines in food: a survey of the West German market. AB - More than 3000 food samples from the West German market have been analysed for volatile nitrosamines. N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) in concentrations above 0.5 micrograms/kg were found in only 3 and 2% of the samples, respectively. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was detectable in 30% of the samples and 6% of them were found to contain more than 5 micrograms/kg. Consumption data given in the "Nutritional Report, 1976" allow calculation of the average daily intake of volatile nitrosamines from food. Intakes for West German males are 1.1 micrograms/day for NDMA and 0.1 micrograms/day for NPYR. With regard to NDMA, the relative contributions are 64% for beer, 10% for meat and meat products and 25% for all other foods (150 types). NDMA in beer originates in the malt, where it is formed during kilning (drying). Technological improvements to eliminate NDMA contamination of beer are reported. PMID- 7228275 TI - Chemical studies on tobacco smoke LXVIII. Analysis of volatile and tobacco specific nitrosamines in tobacco products. AB - The yields of volatile N-nitrosamines in cigarette smoke are primarily dependent upon the nitrate content of the tobacco and, to some extent, on the protein content. Cellulose acetate tips, such as those found on most commercial filter cigarettes, selectively remove at least 70% of the volatile N-nitrosamines, independently of the pH of the weakly acidic or weakly alkaline smoke. So far, three tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines have been detected in tobacco and tobacco smoke. During tobacco processing and smoking, N'-nitrosonornicotine is formed by nitrosation of nicotine and, to a minor degree, by nitrosation of nornicotine, whereas 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone originates from oxidative nitrosation of nicotine. N'-Nitrosoanatabine is formed by nitrosation of the second most abundant tobacco alkaloid, anatabine. The tobacco-specific N nitrosamines in the smoke arise partly from the tobacco by transfer and partly by nitrosation of the alkaloids during smoking (pyrosynthesis). Preliminary results indicate that cellulose acetate filter tips may selectively remove considerable amounts of the nonvolatile nitrosamines from the smoke. PMID- 7228276 TI - N-Nitrosamines in the factory environment. AB - Under the NIOSH-sponsored contract, a total of 40 surveys were conducted at 28 manufacturing plants. The industries investigated were the fish, dye, leather, rubber and manufacturers and users of cutting fluids. NDELA, NMOR, NDMA and NDPhA were found in the air of several factories. In a chrome tannery, NDMA was identified at levels as high as 47 micrograms/m3 and NMOR was found at 27 micrograms/m3 in a rubber tire plant. This study has resulted in an increased understanding of man's exposure to exogenous N-nitrosamines. It is conceivable, from the information obtained in this study, that nitrosamine exposure comparable to that in the tire and rubber industry exists in other industries not yet surveyed. NIOSH is continuing its research on nitrosamines in the industrial environment. A full, industry-wide report on the 40 plant surveys is being compiled for publication. PMID- 7228277 TI - Monitoring exposure of personnel to volatile nitrosamines in the laboratory environment. AB - A convenient sampling method was developed for collection of volatile nitrosamines from large-volume air samples. Stainless steel tubes containing 0.3 g Tenax GC were employed to collect nitrosamines from 5-30 1 air samples. Nitrosamines were eluted from the sample tubes with diethylether to minimize formation of artifacts which were observed when thermal desorption was employed. Eluates were analysed directly by GC-TEA and nitrosamine identities were confirmed using high-resolution GC-MS with selected ion-monitoring. The detection limit was approximately 0.8 micrograms/m3 (0.3 ppb) for NDMA in 2 ml of diethylether extract. The laboratory operations studied included chemical synthesis, trace analysis, animal treatment, microbial mutagenesis tests and in vitro biochemical procedures. In most cases, nitrosamines were not detected in laboratory air, but levels of 200-800 micrograms/m3 (42 to 180 ppb) of N nitrosomethyl-tert-butylamine were measured during animal treatment, 0.8-8.6 micrograms/m3 (0.3 to 2.8 ppb) of NDMA during mutagenesis assays, 12-22 micrograms/m3 (4-7 ppb) of NDMA during in vitro metabolism studies and 11 micrograms/m3 (3.6 ppb) of NDMA in a walk-in refrigerator. Appropriate corrective measures reduced all nitrosamine levels to below the detection limit. Hamsters and rats treated with NDAA (80 mg/kg, s.c.) excreted 4.4 and 12.9%, respectively, of the nitrosamine in expired air in 24 hr. This route of excretion may be metabolically significant and should be considered in the safe design of animal treatment and holding facilities. PMID- 7228278 TI - Nitrosamines in new automobiles. AB - The volatile nitrosamines, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and possibly N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) have been found to be present as airborne pollutants in the interiors of new (1979 model) automobiles. In the 38 automobiles tested, the levels ranged from 0.07 to 0.83 micrograms/m3 (average 0.3 micrograms/m3) for NDMA, from 0.07 to 2.5 micrograms/m3 (average 0.67 micrograms/m3) for NMOR, from 0.04 to 0.39 micrograms/m3 (average 0.11 micrograms/m3) for NDEA and trace levels (less than 0.01 micrograms/m3) for NDMA. PMID- 7228279 TI - Analytical survey of N-nitroso contaminants in pesticide products. AB - 1. Levels of N-nitroso dialkylamines in dinitroaniline derivatives were high (up to 153 mg/kg) in the past, but have been decreased considerably in current production, due to process changes. 2. Butralin and pendimethalin contain significant amounts of N-nitroso parent compounds. 3. Most dimethylamine salts of phenoxyalkanoic acids presently contain low or non-detectable levels of NDMA. 4. Quaternary ammonium compounds contain NDMA levels up to 16.8 mg/kg. 5. Two morpholine derivatives appear to contain N-nitrosomorpholine. 6. The triethanolamine salt of dinoseb contains over 200 mg/kg N-nitrosodiethanolamine. 7. A large number of amides, carbamates, organophosphates, triazines, urea derivatives and miscellaneous nitrogen-containing pesticides do not contain N nitrosamines above 1 mg/kg. 8. Most N-nitroso contaminants in pesticides can be avoided by simple process changes and the elimination of nitrite salts in the formulation. PMID- 7228280 TI - Occupational exposure to N-nitroso compounds. AB - N-Nitrosodiphenylamine is used as an additive in the rubber industry. This N nitrosamine has not been associated with carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals. However, it can serve as a powerful transnitrosation agent, reacting with amines present in the rubber mixture to form other N-nitrosamines; e.g., N nitrosodibutylamine from di-n-butylamine and N-nitrosodimethylamine from tetramethylthiuram disulfide. Di-n-butylamine and tetramethylthiuram disulfide are both used as additives in the rubber industry. PMID- 7228281 TI - Occurrence and formation of nitrosamines in animal feeds. AB - A total of 465 samples of ingredients of animal feeds (fish meal, antarctic krill meal, experimental silage containing 40% dried animal wastes) and complete mixed feeds and protein concentrates were analysed for nitrate and nitrite content in the period 1973-78. Over 62% of the samples contained nitrates in concentrations ranging from 1 to 1020 mg/kg, and 6% contained 1-15 mg/kg of nitrites. After a preliminary survey, the samples having the highest levels of nitrate, nitrite and amines were selected and analysed for volatile N-nitrosamines. Of 171 selected samples, 40% were found to contain N-nitrosodimethylamine in the range of 0.003 to 0.417 mg/kg. No statistically confirmed correlation between concentrations of nitrates or nitrites and nitrosamines could be demonstrated. Large amounts of dimethylamine, ranging from 110 to 1765 mg/kg, were found in all samples of krill meal. Incubation of krill meal and fish meal with nitrite, under conditions similar to those existing in the animal stomach, resulted in the formation of substantial amounts of NDMA. The occurrence of N-nitrosamines in feeds and their possible formation in vivo from precursors present in feeds seems to be an important problem from the hygienic standpoint, because of possible "carry-over" to tissues, milk and eggs. PMID- 7228282 TI - Gastric bacteria, nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamines in patients with pernicious anaemia and in patients treated with cimetidine. AB - Patients with pernicious anaemia have a high risk of gastric cancer and we are investigating the role of N-nitroso compounds in their gastric carcinogenesis. We have carried out bacteriological studies and analyses of nitrite and N-nitroso compounds. Patients with duodenal or gastric ulcer are often treated with H2 receptor inhibitors such as cimetidine. This treatment induces hypochlorhydria similar to that in pernicious anaemia patients and it has been suggested that this might put these patients at risk of developing gastric cancer later. Analyses similar to those for p.a. patients have therefore been carried out in patients treated with cimetidine. We have set up an animal model of achlorhydria, using piglets, that will allow us to test in vivo the efficacy of compounds known to inhibit N-nitrosation in vitro. This is clearly necessary, in view of the growing size of the population now thought to be at risk. PMID- 7228285 TI - The fate of nitrates and nitrites in the organism. AB - The nitrate balance was investigated in infants and adults. While in infants the amount of nitrate excreted in the urine was roughly 100% of the amount ingested, the amount in adults was only 30-35%. The nitrate concentration in the saliva of both groups was approximately the same. Observations of the reducing activity of faeces of pigs revealed that the rate of nitrate reduction became faster when the nitrate intake was increased. The amount of nitrates excreted depends on the amount reduced to nitrites in the organism. PMID- 7228284 TI - Possible relationship between nitrate in drinking water and incidence of stomach cancer. PMID- 7228283 TI - Studies on the in vivo formation of nitrosamines in rats and humans after ingestion of various meals. PMID- 7228287 TI - Infant mouse as a sensitive bioassay system for carcinogenicity of N-nitroso compounds. AB - Five groups of 48, C57BLxC3H F1, male mice, 15 days old, were administered NDEA intraperitoneally at the following levels: 0.0 (saline only), 0.625, 1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 microgram per g body weight, in a single dose. Groups of eight mice from each of the dose levels were killed at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 weeks of age. The nodular liver lesions were classified s (a) focal areas of non-specific cellular changes, (b) hyperplastic nodules, (c) hepatocellular adenomas and (d) hepatocellular carcinomas. Regardless of the dose, all the animals developed hepatocellular carcinomas. The average latent periods, however, were inversely proportional to dose, being 66 weeks with the lowest dose and 44 weeks with the highest dose. The multiplicity and the average weight of the early nodular lesions (50 weeks) was directly related to th NDEA dose. Thus the higher multiplicity was associated with faster emergence of hepatocellular carcinomas. The high susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinogenesis, in association with the short latency, makes the infant mouse a sensitive bioassay system for assessing the carcinogenic potential of N-nitroso compounds. PMID- 7228286 TI - N-Nitrosamines in gastric juice and atrophic gastritis: a pilot study. PMID- 7228288 TI - Carcinogenicity of N-nitroso-3-hydroxypyrrolidine and dose-response study with N nitrosopiperidine in rats. PMID- 7228289 TI - Pathological features of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine induced neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of rat stomach. AB - Malignant transformation of rat stomach was studied after oral administration of MNNG. The lesions were investigated with cytomorphological and histochemical methods, while the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme pattern was investigated by means of gel electrophoresis. Hyperdiploid-aneuploid DNA values were observed in dysplasias, as well as in carcinomas. The liver type ALP isoenzyme could be detected in intact and regenerative gastric mucosa. It also occurred in atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma. Placental type ALP isoenzyme was absent in all intact or regenerating gastric mucosa, but present in atypical hyperplasias and carcinomas. It can be concluded that DNA aneuploidy and the presence of placental type ALP are indicative of malignant transformations. The MNNG-induced adenomatous hyperplasia associated with atypia behaved like cancer and can thus be regarded as an obligatory preneoplastic lesion. PMID- 7228290 TI - Physico-chemical, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of nitrosated urea herbicide metabolites. AB - Alkylating activities, rates of decomposition, partition coefficients (octanol/water) and sister chromatid exchanges of several N-nitroso compounds, formed by nitrosation of pesticide metabolites or closely related substances, were determined. The carcinogenic activity of two compounds was investigated in rats. The measured parameters were compared in a search for possible correlations. PMID- 7228291 TI - Do chronic urinary tract infections induce cancer in the rat fed nitrate and aminopyrine? AB - Seven out of one hundred male rats in the experimental group developed malignant tumours after 18 months, during which period they were given nitrate and aminopyrine in the drinking water and had chronic urinary tract infections induced by known strains of E. coli. In the control animals, no lesions were observed in the two un-infected groups given nitrosamine precursors in the drinking water or water alone. However, two out of fifty control animals in the infected group, not administered nitrosamine precursors, developed malignant lymphoma. All rats were maintained on Purina rat chow. Our data appear to suggest that chronic urinary tract infection did induce tumour production in the rat. PMID- 7228292 TI - The penetration of rat skin by some nitrosamines of environmental importance. AB - N-Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) and N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) were applied to the clipped dorsal skin (about 3.5 X 3.5 cm) of adult male Fischer 344 rats. NDELA was applied undiluted, dissolved in water and dissolved in cutting oil; NMOR was applied dissolved in water and in ethyl acetate. To compare the extent of absorption through the skin with that from the stomach, aqueous solutions of the nitrosamines were used for gavage. Blood and urine samples were analysed for nitrosamines, using GC-TEA or HPLC-TEA. Maximum skin penetration observed with NMOR was 56%, following application of 5 mg, whereas a similar proportion of the dose was regularly present after gavage of 5 mg. Less than 1% was recovered from the urine. Skin painting of NDELA in water (20 mg in 100 microliter) and in cutting oil (25 mg in 25 microliter) yielded small concentrations of NDELA in the blood; less than 25 mg/l in all cases. However, when 50 mg NDELA was painted on the skin undiluted, from 130 to 220 mg/l of blood were recovered after one hour. fifty mg NDELA in water yielded similar blood concentrations when administered by gavage. From 20 to 30% of the NDELA applied undiluted and by gavage were recovered in the urine. It is concluded that, although there are differences between animals, exposure to NMOR or NDELA represents a risk due to absorption through the skin. PMID- 7228293 TI - Hepatic lesions in Lebistes reticulatus induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine. AB - The effect of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) on the aquarium fish, Lebistes reticulatus (guppy) has been investigated. The aquarium water contained 10 to 200 parts per million of NDEA. The LC50/30 for NDEA was 100 ppm. Sub-chronic experiments were carried out using 25 and 50 ppm for 90 days. The liver alterations were investigated morphologically. Initially, diffuse necrosis of hepatic cells, disorientation of hepatic structure and cyst-formation appeared. The degenerative lesions were followed by multiple foci of regenerating hepatic cells. In the later period of the experiment, hyperplastic nodules of hepatocytes, cholangiofibrosis, cystic cholangiomas, hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinomas could be observed in the treated animals. The following conclusions have been reached: 1. Aquarium fish can be used as a model for short-term, in vivo carcinogenesis experiments. 2. Lebistes reticulatus is a suitable strain for use as a positive control with NDEA. 3. With this model, the process of carcinogenesis can be followed histologically. 4. The process is irreversible and some of its features may be used as an early indicator in the screening of possible carcinogenic substances. PMID- 7228294 TI - Principles of prevention of formation and action of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds. PMID- 7228295 TI - Comparative carcinogenicity of N-nitroso compounds in different species. PMID- 7228296 TI - Metabolism of the tobacco specific nitrosamines, N'-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(N methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. AB - The metabolism, in the F-344 rat, of the tobacco-specific carcinogens, N' nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) was studied. NNN was hydroxylated at each position of the pyrrolidine ring; 2'-hydroxylation gave 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in vitro and the corresponding acid in vivo, 3'-hydroxylation gave 3'-hydroxyNNN, 4'-hydroxylation gave 4'-hydroxy-NNN and 5'-hydroxylation gave 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal (in vitro) and 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl) butanoic acid (in vivo). The principle ring hydroxylation in the untreated F-344 rat was 5'-hydroxylation. Pyridine N oxidation was also observed, giving NNN-1-N-oxide as a major metabolite. The principle urinary metabolites of NNN were formed by 5'-hydroxylation and pyridine N-oxidation. For NNK, a major process was reduction of the carbonyl to give 4-(N methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. alpha-Hydroxylation of both the N methyl and N-methylene groups was also observed, as was formation of NNK-N-oxide in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7228297 TI - Some aspects of prenatal risk of N-nitrosodiethylamine carcinogenesis. AB - In the respiratory tract of the Syrian golden hamster, N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) tumorigenicity is first observed on the 12th prenatal day. Thereafter, it increases with age. NDEA sensitivity coincides with cellular differentiation of the tissue and with the rapid decline of cellular proliferative activity. The hamster fetal tracheal epithelia, which have been organ cultured after transplacental pulse exposure to NDEA, develop hyperplasias, squamous metaplasias or dysplasias. These alterations occur with significantly higher frequency in the part well-differentiated at the time of exposure. Since organ culture excludes in vivo influences, these results may corroborate a closer association of tissue differentiation with prenatal NDEA sensitivity. PMID- 7228298 TI - A survey of feeding N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) to domestic animals over an 18 year period. AB - Sodium nitrite and formalin have been used as preservatives in the fish meal industry in Norway since 1953. In 1957, fur farms suffered losses of mink due to a new, malignant liver disease. Experimental feeding of herring meal to cows and sheep resulted in the death of some of the animals. Further studies showed that amines (TMAO) normally present in fish, can react with sodium nitrite used as preservative, or nitrogen oxides from the combustion of fuel oils used during processing, to produce the toxic agent, NDMA. Mink and fox may consume considerable amounts of fish meal in their diets. If the fish meal contains sufficient NDMA, the incidence of liver failure or tumours can be quite high. Long-term exposure to as little as 0.1 mg NDMA/kg b.w./day in the diet of mink, cows and sheep can produce fibro-occlusive changes in the hepatic vessels. These lesions can later cause capillary ectasies-like changes in cows, which are similar in appearance to hemangiomas seen in mink. The mink liver hemangiomas develop into hemangiosarcomas. We currently consider capillary ectasies-like changes in cows exposed to NDMA to represent pre-cancerous lesions. PMID- 7228299 TI - N6-(Methylnitroso)adenosine: a carcinogen from a nucleic acid component. AB - Substituted aminopurines in nucleic acids may be nitrosated to yield carcinogenic nitrosaminopurines. To investigate this possibility, we studied the nitrosation of N6-methyladenosine under conditions simulating the gastric environment. We administered the product of this reaction, N6-(methylnitroso)adenosine (m6(NO)Ado), parenterally and orally to mice. A high incidence of thymic lymphomas, lung adenomas and some liver tumours were found in mice given m6(NO)Ado i.p. during early life. Oral administration of m6(NO)Ado to adult mice resulted in the formation of reproductive system tumours in 80% of the exposed female mice, as well as lung tumours in both sexes. The precursors of m6(NO)Ado (m6Ado and nitrite) did not elevate tumour incidence when given separately, but resulted in a significant increase in numbers of lung tumours in males when administered together. The nitrosamine base, N6-(methylnitroso)-adenine, was found to be a less potent carcinogen than m6(NO)Ado, causing lung tumours only in males and possibly a few mammary tumours in females. These results indicate the in vivo formation of a carcinogen from the precursors, N6-methyladenosine and nitrite, and show that m6(NO)Ado induces neoplasms in the reproductive system of mice, an unusual target for an N-nitroso carcinogen. Complete inhibition of nitrosaminopurine formation in vitro was obtained with ascorbic acid. PMID- 7228300 TI - Clastogenicity and aberration kinetics of some alkylarylnitrosoureas in Chinese hamster V79-E cells. AB - Six alkylarylnitrosoureas were checked for induction of chromosome aberrations and SCEs in Chinese hamster V79-E cells and compared with MNU, ENU and nitrosocarbaryl. All agents show a DNA-damaging activity. Studies of the dependence of aberration frequency on recovery time revealed drastic differences within this group of closely related substances. PMID- 7228303 TI - Biological effects of mineral fibres. Volume 2. Proceedings of a symposium. Lyon, France, 25-27 September 1979. PMID- 7228302 TI - The role of phenols in catalysis of nitrosamine formation. PMID- 7228301 TI - Metal complexes as promoters of N-nitrosation reactions: a progress report. AB - Our research on three classes of transition metal-containing N-nitrosating agents is described. One class, the nitrito complexes, can give rise in organic solvents to quantitative yields of N-nitrosamines on exposure to secondary amines. The second class is capable of activating nitrite as an N-nitrosating agent in aqueous alkaline media; it involves N-coordination of nitrite, followed by removal of oxide ion to form the active metal nitrosyl species. The third class of N-nitrosating agent involves an as yet incompletely characterized metal complex containing a ligand having the formula NO3. The possible significance of compounds in these classes in environmental or in vivo N-nitrosamine formation is discussed. PMID- 7228304 TI - Clinical and radiological observations on asbestos-related pathology. AB - The papers in this session, which are summarized briefly, do not cover the wide range of radiological and clinical problems resulting from inhalation of asbestos dust. Pleural effusions are found in persons exposed occupationally to asbestos, even in the absence of asbestosis, but they are difficult to attribute to such exposure. Asbestosis of the lung shows no striking symptoms and can also be diagnosed only after all other possibilities have been excluded. There are no convincing or striking morphological peculiarities that suggest that an 'asbestos lung cancer' exists. Mesotheliomas of the pleura and of the peritoneum are usually resistant to therapy of any kind, although several possibilities are discussed. Radiological surveillance is presented as being still the most effective and reliable method for medical surveillance of asbestos workers. Circumscribed pleural thickening is benign but a good indicator of exposure to mineral dusts. Diffuse pleural thickening occurs frequently in nonexposed groups and cannot, therefore, be used as an indication of exposure; however, it cannot yet be ruled out as being significant epidemiologically. PMID- 7228305 TI - Radiological features in chrysotile asbestos mine and mill workers in Corsica. AB - Workers with a well-defined asbestos exposure were compared with a matched control group: 47% of workers had abnormal X-ray features. The dust-weighted-time exposure was significantly higher in miners with severe fibrosis or with bilateral pleural thickening than in workers with normal X-rays. Since age, tobacco consumption and length of exposure were similar in all the workers, these data indicate the importance of dust concentration in the induction of asbestos related disorders. PMID- 7228306 TI - The value of nonradiological indicators in the early diagnosis of asbestosis. AB - The early pulmonary lesions due to long and to short asbestos fibres are described. The signs that such preradiological 'asbestosis' present can be used as nonradiological indicators. These are: asbestos bodies in the sputum, siderocytes in the sputum, crepitating basal rales, restrictive ventilatory insufficiency and impairment of alveolar-capillary diffusion of gases. The predictive value of combinations of these indicators was studied in 182 moderately and heavily exposed asbestos workers. The results show that the presence of pulmonary lesions due to asbestos can be diagnosed in 80-90% of cases, independently of the results of radiological examination. PMID- 7228308 TI - Diaphragmatic straightness in 302 asbestos-exposed patients. AB - The relationship was studied between the presence in X-rays of one or several regions of straightness on the diaphragm, which interrupt or replace its normal curve, and the intensity, length and latency of asbestos exposure. Subjects were four groups in whom intensity of exposure, assessed by questionnaire and by ferruginous body counts, increased progressively. Diaphragmatic straightness increased with increasing intensity but not with length or latency of asbestos exposure. PMID- 7228307 TI - Functional tests in thirty-nine asbestos spray workers. AB - Different lung function tests have been studied in a group of 39 spray workers, with exposure of a few months to 20 years, in order to determine early impairments in ventilatory or gaseous exchange parameters. Lung function was assessed by conventional spirometric tests, plethysmographic measurement of lung volume, determination of arterial oxygen tension at rest and on exercise and measurement of single-breath diffusion of carbon monoxide. Asbestos exposure was assessed using a standardized questionnaire administered by an interviewer to determine length of exposure, and light microscopic examination to ascertain the number of ferruginous bodies in one sputum sample or in lung washing fluid. The results of the functional tests are expressed with respect either to duration of working exposure or to the number of ferruginous bodies. Restrictive ventilatory impairment with decrease in diffusion of carbon monoxide and increase in the oxygen alveolar-arterial difference on exercise was observed both in the group with 1-50 ferruginous bodies and in workers exposed for more than five years. The decrease in lung volume was approximately 10% when the length of asbestos exposure varied from 0-5 to 10-15 years, and 15% between those with no ferruginous bodies and those with more than 50. No obstructive profile was observed, even in heavy smokers. All function tests were altered equally. Plethysmography therefore appears to be a suitable technique for the follow-up of asbestos workers. PMID- 7228309 TI - Differential diagnosis of asbestos-induced pleural thickening using computer tomography: a preliminary study. AB - The usefulness of CT was investigated in differentiating pleural plaques from extrapleural fat-induced shadows resembling pleural plaques. The study revealed that CT is sensitive enough to distinguish between the two, which are similar in conventional radiographic morphology and different in nature. By continuing these studies we hope to establish a criterion for distinguishing extrapleural fat on conventional radiographs. PMID- 7228310 TI - Pleural plaques and lung asbestos bodies in the general population: an autoptical and clinical-radiological survey. AB - Of 218 necropsies of male subjects, pleural hyaline plaques were detected in 67 (30%). The prevalence of pleural plaques was found to be related to age at death and to history of previous occupational contact with asbestos. The presence of asbestos bodies in lungs was also associated with pleural plaques; however, the reliability of the presence of ferruginous bodies as an indicator of exposure to asbestos is questioned. The role of environmental exposure will be better demonstrated at the end of an investigation on place of residence, which is still in progress. Chest X-rays showed little sensitivity for use in epidemiological surveys. PMID- 7228311 TI - A review of the treatment of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma. AB - When the disease is diagnosed early, pleurectomy or intrapleural inoculation of colloidal radioactive compounds may be effective. However, most mesotheliomas are already diffuse by the time they are diagnosed; and no treatment has been shown to be effective. Metastatic involvement of the chest wall results from any surgical procedure; however, pain may be controlled by pleurectomy and/or external-beam radiotherapy. Of the chemotherapeutic agents tested, doxorubicin appears to be the most promising. Large, cooperative, controlled trials are needed to evaluate the usefulness of one or a combination of the treatment methods described. PMID- 7228312 TI - Asbestos-related radiological changes in residents of South African amphibole asbestos mining fields and the fibre counts to which they may have been exposed. AB - Radiological abnormalities consistent with the results of inhalation of asbestos dust were found in nonoccupationally, environmentally exposed people on South African amphibole mining fields. Dust concentrations in the general atmosphere of the residential areas in the mining fields are reported. PMID- 7228314 TI - Problems with the measurement of radiological change. AB - From 1971-1978, chest X-rays were obtained from asbestos workers in British factories subject to the 1969 Asbestos Regulations. By the end of 1978, 36,592 X rays from 26,471 workers, had been collected, at roughly two-yearly intervals and read using the 1971 ILO/UC classification of radiographs of pneumoconioses. Although consistent results had been obtained in a small pilot study, in which X rays were read using the 'side-by'side' method by a small group of readers in close contact, serious inconsistencies were obtained in the main survey, in which X-rays were read shortly after they had been collected, rather than being accumulated and read together later, and different X-rays of the same worker were read independently, possibly by different readers. A general bias in classifying films to lower ILO/UC categories became evident as the survey progressed. It is concluded that, in order to obtain valid results, a set of films should be accumulated and then read together over as short a period as possible. It is intended that a representative sample of the films collected be re-read bearing these conclusions in mind. PMID- 7228313 TI - Radiographic and functional changes following exposure to different types of asbestos. AB - Lung function parameters were examined in 200 asbestos workers. Those exposed to chrysotile alone had less severe impairment than those exposed to both chrysotile and crocidolite. Functional changes did not vary significantly with duration of exposure; however radiographic abnormalities were related to length of exposure. Our results show that, for a population with moderate exposure to asbestos, lung function tests can discriminate smokers and nonsmokers and exposure to different kinds of asbestos, whereas discrepancies among groups with different lengths of exposure are better seen with radiographic methods. PMID- 7228315 TI - Asbestos-related disease: an epidemiological review. PMID- 7228317 TI - The incidence of pneumoconiosis, mesothelioma and other respiratory cancer in men engaged in mining and milling crocidolite in Western Australia. AB - Previous employees of a mining company, engaged in mining of crocidolite at Wittenoom Gorge in Western Australia between 1943 and 1966, have been traced to determine their incidence of asbestos-related diseases. Of 6200 male employees, 220 (3.5%) have developed pneumoconiosis and 26 have developed pleural mesothelioma. No cases of peritoneal mesothelioma have been identified. Prior to 1978, 60 men had died from respiratory cancer other than mesothelioma, compared with 38.25 expected from the mortality experience of all Western Australian males. The incidence of pneumoconiosis and mesothelioma and the mortality from other respiratory cancer all increased with duration of employment, interval from first employment, and level of occupational exposure, indicating a strong relationship between intensity of asbestos exposure and these diseases. The mortality ratio for respiratory cancer, excluding mesothelioma (1.57), was nearly twice that for all nonrespiratory causes of death, suggesting a two-fold increase in mortality from respiratory cancer compared with all Western Australian males. Variation of mortality from respiratory cancer by duration of employment and occupational exposure suggests that at least 30% of respiratory cancer deaths other than mesothelioma may be due to asbestos exposure. The major part of this excess is accounted for by respiratory cancer occurring in men with previously diagnosed pneumoconiosis. PMID- 7228316 TI - Assessment of past asbestos exposure in patients: occupational questionnaire versus monitoring in broncho-alveolar lavage. AB - Two different methods have been tested for assessing retrospectively occupational exposure to asbestos dust in 80 cases with suspected asbestos-related thoracic diseases: 1) Occupational history was recorded by an interviewer using a standardized questionnaire. The patients were divided into three groups: those obviously exposed (E), those obviously not exposed (NE) and those with an inconclusive questionnaire (IQ). 2) Ferruginous bodies were isolated from lung washing fluid and counted under the light microscope. In the questionnaire groups, the proportions positive for ferruginous bodies in lung washing fluid were as follows: E, 29/33; NE, 1/7; IQ, 17/40. In cases positive for ferruginous bodies in lung washing fluid, the median numbers of bodies per ml of fluid were: E, 11.7 (range, 0.05-31,250); NE, 0.06; IQ, 1.1 (range, 0.06-350) Since the data provided by the two methods were in good agreement (P less than 0.001) for the E and NE questionnaire groups, the presence of ferruginous bodies in lung washing fluid is considered to be a good indicator of past exposure. In the IQ group, the monitoring of ferruginous bodies in lung washing fluid demonstrated exposure to asbestos in 43% of cases. PMID- 7228318 TI - Lung cancer risk associated with manufacture of asbestos-cement products. AB - The mortality experience of a cohort of 5645 Louisiana asbestos-cement workers with a minimum follow-up of 20 years was related to total dust, duration and concentration of exposure and fibre type. Excess respiratory cancer risk was detected in workers with moderate and heavy asbestos dust exposure, but no excess risk occurred in categories of lower exposure. Mortality due to all other causes was normal. Both duration and level of exposure were shown to contribute to risk; both variables exhibited levels at which no excess mortality was detected. Workers exposed to both chrysotile and crocidolite appeared to be at greater risk of respiratory malignancy than those with exposure to chrysotile only. PMID- 7228321 TI - Latent periods in lung cancer mortality in relation to asbestos dose and smoking. AB - Among 4463 deaths in a cohort of 10,939 men, born between 1891 and 1920, who had worked in the Quebec chrysotile mines and mills for at least a month, 244 were due to lung cancer. The interval from first asbestos exposure to death averaged 39.6 years; not unexpectedly, this interval was related to age at death and to age at first employment. However, the interval did not appear to be associated in any important way with other measures of exposure. All of the problems of interpretation pointed out by Enterline (1978) are acknowledged, and there is no guarantee of generalization to those exposed to asbestos in other circumstances. Nevertheless, among these 244 cases, there was no evidence to support the hypothesis that the latent period of asbestos-induced lung cancer depends on the dose. PMID- 7228319 TI - The consequences of exposure to asbestos dust in a wartime gas-mask factory. AB - This further study of wartime gas-mask workers who were exposed to asbestos dust has shown that among those who worked with crocidolite there is a considerable excess of cases of mesothelioma, a more modest excess of bronchial carcinoma, but no excess of any other type of malignant disease. A dose-response relationship is established in the mesothelioma and bronchial carcinoma patients. It is not possible to base any conclusions on the limited data available for the small number of people exposed to chrysotile for a maximum period of five months. We believe that the identification and measurement of fibres in autoptic lung tissue from patients with accurately known occupational histories of asbestos dust exposure is useful, and a similar study on a population exclusively exposed to chrysotile would be of considerable interest. PMID- 7228320 TI - The influence of occupational and environmental asbestos exposure on the incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Connecticut. AB - Medical, occupational and demographic data were collected for 229 cases of malignant mesothelioma and 38 other pleural tumours, their spouses, and 605 controls. Methods were developed for classifying subjects into probable asbestos exposure categories. Although disease incidence rates exhibited a rapid increase from 1955 to 1977, there remains a serious question of diagnostic reliability. A case review is being undertaken. PMID- 7228322 TI - Validation of the UICC/Cincinnati classification of radiographs in terms of prediction of mortality of asbestos workers. AB - The mortality of 4559 Quebec chrysotile workers has been related to the findings from their last routine chest X-ray while still employed. In those 84 lung cancer cases who were X-rayed less than 10 years before their death, over two-thirds had 'less-than-normal' films; the abnormality was not specific, except for 'large opacities'. The three men who died from mesothelioma within about a year of X-ray were 'less-than-normal'. The findings of the completed project validated convincingly the 1967 UICC/Cincinnati classification. PMID- 7228323 TI - Malignant mesothelioma in Quebec. AB - All known, fatal cases of mesothelioma in the period 1960-1978 in the Province of Quebec are reviewed, because much of the world's chrysotile has been produced there and because there is also exposure to other types of asbestos. Of the 254 mesotheliomas registered, 181 were in males and 73 in females; occupational and residential histories were obtained for 91% of men and 86% of women. About 40% of male cases were probably attributable to occupational asbestos exposure; only 5.4% of females cases had been exposed occupationally. Intervals between first employment and death from mesothelioma were longer for miners and millers than for manufacturing workers: exposures of chrysotile miners and millers were mainly long and fairly low, while many factory workers had had short exposures. All tumours in miners and millers were pleural, while in factory workers, eight were peritoneal and two pleural and peritoneal. The evidence from this survey supports the view that the risk of mesothelioma after exposure to crocidolite is many times greater than that after chrysotile. PMID- 7228324 TI - Mineral fibre content of lung in mesothelial tumours: preliminary report. AB - A survey was made, through pathologists, of all 274 fatal cases of primary malignant mesothelioma in North America in 1972. For each case, a control with pulmonary metastases from a primary tumour other than lung cancer was matched for sex and age. Relatives and friends of both cases and controls were interviewed; and specimens of lung tissue were obtained for 100 case-control pairs and analysed 'blind' by electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersion analysis. This report describes the preliminary results of the analyses of asbestos fibres in the first 37 case-control pairs: chrysotile fibres were far more prevalent than amphiboles, but equal quantities were found in cases and controls. There was, however, a clear excess of amosite fibres in male cases as compared with controls. PMID- 7228326 TI - French mesothelioma register: critical appraisal of the registered data. AB - The French mesothelioma register has three objectives. The first, collection of morbidity data could not be achieved since the data collected are not exhaustive. The second, the collection of histological material for establishing diagnostic criteria, has provided interesting data; and the third, etiological research, may constitute the basis for well-defined studies. PMID- 7228325 TI - Etiology of carcinoma of the larynx. AB - Since 1973, evidence based on case-control and mortality studies has suggested that carcinoma of the larynx was an asbestos-related tumour. In this study, 305 male and 206 female patients were interviewed on admission to the Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospitals in London. Following endoscopy, biopsy material was reviewed and classified as either neoplastic, cysts and polyps or inflammatory; a fourth group consisted of patients for whom the surgeon recorded that the larynx appeared normal on inspection and from whom no biopsy was taken. Only 15 neoplastic conditions were detected among the women, and only two had asbestos exposure; thus, no further analysis was made. Among the males, the neoplastic group was significantly older than the other groups, and cigarette smoking was significantly more common. Alcohol consumption did not differ significantly; and asbestos exposure was not more common in the neoplastic group than in the three other groups. PMID- 7228327 TI - The incidence of pleural mesothelioma in chrysotile asbestos textile workers. AB - Analysis of the incidence of pleural mesothelioma in asbestos textile workers in relation to age, time since first exposure, intensity of exposure and period of observation indicates that age per se is largely irrelevant; that is, the incidence 30 years after first exposure appears to be much the same irrespective of age at first exposure. This has been shown to be true in animal experiments and has been suggested on theoretical grounds for certain human cancers; it explains the evolution of lung cancer rates in relation to changing smoking habits but has not been demonstrated directly by human data. These results also suggest that mesothelioma incidence may not have been much underestimated in the past, which would imply that the recent marked increase in recorded rates is largely real and not merely a diagnostic artefact. The risk does not appear to have been much higher among men who were initially very heavily exposed. One possible explanation of this surprising observation is that chrysotile is eliminated, or ceases to be biologically active, more quickly than other types of asbestos. PMID- 7228328 TI - HM Dockyard, Devonport: 1947 mortality study. AB - To investigate the effect of occupational exposure to asbestos on mortality, names of all 6292 men born on or after 1 January 1910 and employed as industrial workers in the RN Dockyard, Devonport on 1 January 1947 were submitted to the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys for tracing. Follow-up continued until the end of 1978: over 99% were traced; 3% emigrated; and there were 1043 (17%) deaths. On the basis of the mortality in England and Wales for each five years of age and each five calendar years, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 96. Adjusting the rates for the lower mortality in south-west England, the SMR was 104. No relation was found between SMR and date of birth, and there was only a very slight excess among those more heavily exposed to asbestos. Thirty-one men died with mesothelioma and a further 14 with asbestosis or pulmonary fibrosis. The circulatory disease death rate was slightly raised (SMR = 118), but no more than might have been expected for manual workers. Asbestos-related deaths accounted for at least 4% of all deaths, but probably not many more. PMID- 7228329 TI - A survey of black mineworkers of the Cape crocidolite mines. AB - Between 1974-1978, a study group 970 mineworkers exposed from before July 1962 only to Cape crocidolite were traced: 755 were alive and 215 dead. Of those still alive, 66.1% showed no radiological abnormalities of the chest; 8.9% had irregular small opacities only; 17.7% had pleural abnormalities only; and 7.3% had both. Five pleural mesotheliomas were found in living ex-workers; although only one was reported in those who had died, this was considered to be an underestimate. The incidences of pleural mesotheliomas in ex-employees of the mining industry outside of the study group are also described. PMID- 7228330 TI - Asbestos: scientific basis for environmental control of fibres. AB - Any review of the scientific evidence on which public policy is based must commence with a cautionary statement about the quality of the available data both about dust and about asbestos-related disease. Attention is drawn to some of the main problems. It is concluded that, in spite of their shortcomings, the data are sufficiently consistent to be useful in relation to some aspects of the problem of environmental control of the asbestos hazard. The question whether or not there is a threshold dose of fibre below which no biological effect occurs is of considerable importance in framing public policy. The evidence concerning the existence or otherwise of a threshold in relation to the different asbestos related diseases is summarized. A summary is also given of the evidence about the shape of the dose-response curves for asbestos-related diseases in man. The paper concludes with a note on how scientific data may be summarized in a manner which may be helpful in formulating public policy with regard to a control limit. PMID- 7228331 TI - An attempt to determine a medium-term, low-dose asbestos exposure indicator on the basis of clinical and radiological lung changes. AB - Three groups of people working in buildings with insufficient protection against sources of asbestos (ceilings, lagging, cupboards, etc.) have been compared by clinical and radiological examinations. The first group, G1 (n = 160), comprised people working in direct contact with sources of asbestos; the second one, G2 (n = 277), comprised people who had worked for at least 10 years in buildings with little protection; and the third one, G3 (n = 157), may be considered a control group, since the only period of exposure was while the buildings were being constructed. The prevalence of lung abnormalities (clinical, functional and radiological) was higher in G1 than in G3; G2 was closer to G1 for some signs, but closer to G3 for most. These differences are no explained by obvious possible confounding factors (such as age, sex or tobacco consumption). They were analysed taking the number of years of presence in the buildings into account. PMID- 7228333 TI - Mineral fibre problems: a management view. AB - Fibre is a form of matter that imparts exclusive properties to end-products; however, most fibres have been associated with health problems. Although management has a responsibility to ensure the safety of products and processes, data on which to base risk-equation decisions are often inadequate. The limitations of current dust measurement technology suggest that apparently precise numerical exposure data are as subjective as use of the terms 'heavy', 'moderate' or 'light'. Control of any useful but hazardous material is preferable to the ultimate sanction of prohibition. The man-made mineral fibre industry and national and international regulatory agencies should learn from the asbestos industry. It is suggested that a process of consultation, rather than one of confrontation, is more likely to produce widely acceptable solutions in each generation. PMID- 7228332 TI - Exposure to asbestos and respiratory abnormality: the influence of fibre type and nature of exposure. AB - Health surveys were carried out in two factories, one in which only chrysotile had been used and one in which chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite had been used. The same health questionnaire, given by the same interviewer, and the same lung function tests recorded on the same apparatus were carried out as in previous studies with Quebec chrysotile asbestos miners and millers. Results were expressed as prevalence % abnormality. Despite shorter exposure to apparently lower levels of dust, the factory workers showed a greater prevalence of certain symptoms and of respiratory function abnormality than the miners and millers. The results suggest a greater effect of process than of fibre type on these health measurements, a finding with implications for control and one which deserves further study. PMID- 7228334 TI - Scientific aspects of the work of the Commission of the European Communities on Asbestos. AB - The Commission of the European Communities has been carrying out scientific investigations on asbestos for some years. The principal activity has been the regular meetings of two European Communities panels of scientific consultants concerned primarily with the pathology of the asbestos-related diseases, asbestosis and mesothelioma. In addition, the Commission has carried out a number of comparative studies on the measurement of asbestos in various media, using both gravimetric and microscopic techniques. PMID- 7228335 TI - Roentgenographic lung changes, asbestosis and mortality in a Belgian asbestos cement factory. AB - Annual chest radiographs, work history and mortality of 1,973 workers in an asbestos-cement factory were correlated with age and with duration and level of dust exposure. Degree of radiographic lung change was significantly related to fibre-years of exposure in the case of small lung opacities, pleural adhesions and pleural thickening. For 29 cases of asbestosis diagnosed between 1963 and 1977, a highly significant dose-response relationship was found. In comparison with national mortality rates, there was an excess of deaths due to cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, although there was no relationship to fibre-years. PMID- 7228336 TI - Chrysotile fibre concentration and lung cancer mortality: a preliminary report. AB - After checking on the accuracy of work histories and estimating prevailing fibre concentrations by relevant time and place, all 244 deaths from lung cancer (ICD 162-164) in the Quebec mortality cohort were compared with internal controls matched for date of birth, mining area and smoking habit. Further studies of other causes of death and of lung cancer with controls unmatched for smoking are in progress. In the meantime, we consider that a useful estimate of lung cancer risks is given by the equation: RR = 1 + 0.00038 (+/- 0.00013) fibres/ ml.yr. PMID- 7228337 TI - Biological effects of asbestos in relation to control of occupational exposure. AB - The health risks of asbestos exposure and the adequacy of measures to limit the biological effects of exposure are discussed. The toxicological properties of asbestos are considered, and it is postulated that a nonthreshold approach could be used to establish an appropriate permissible level of occupational exposure to the substance. PMID- 7228338 TI - Environmental asbestos concentrations in the United States. AB - Measurements were made of chrysotile concentrations in buildings with asbestos lined return air plenums, in buildings with damaged asbestos surfacing material, in the houses of asbestos workers, and around buildings while asbestos-containing fireproofing material was being sprayed on steelwork. The data obtained demonstrate significant environmental contamination by asbestos: 43/89 air samples exceeded 50 ng/m3, although only 2/89 samples exceeded 1000 ng/m3. These findings should prompt appropriate control or remedial action. PMID- 7228339 TI - Lung cancer mortality in relation to measured dust levels in an asbestos textile factory. AB - A cohort of 255 men who entered this factory since the beginning of 1951, when routine dust sampling weas initiated, have been followed up to the end of 1978. Eight (1.62 expected) died of lung cancer over 20 years after first exposure (P less than 0.001). Earlier estimates of dust levels hve been revised to correspond to modern counting methods, and the average cumulative exposure of this cohort is now estimated to have been 200-300 fibres/ml-years. No deaths have yet been attributed to asbestosis, but a separate study of this group has reported that 10 of these men have been certified as asbestotic. An earlier analysis of lung cancer, mesothelioma and asbestosis incidence in men employed prior to 1951 suggested a dose-response relationship for lung cancer in relation to static sampler dust measurements that was probably approximately correct, but it is not clear whether personal sampling wound give similar results. PMID- 7228340 TI - Estimation of exposure to asbestos-cement dust on building sites. AB - In the Federal Republic of Germany, about 1.2 million tons of asbestos are handled on building sites, for example, by roofers, carpenters and ventilation fitters. The objective of this study was to determine both the exposure to dust during the handling of asbestos-cement products on building sites and the possible resulting fibrogenic health hazard. In order to assess the tumour risk, this cross-sectional study should be enlarged to a longitudinal study. Dust measurements were made on about 40 building sites with four static and four personal dust samplers and a Tyndallometer. Evaluation was performed by infrared spectrography and light and scanning electron microscopy. Peak concentrations of more than 100 fibres/ml of length greater than 5 micrometers or about 80 mg/m3 fine dust were observed in the vicinity of the grinding machine. The asbestos content of the fine dust was about 10%. Scanning electron microscopy showed a wide variation of fibre lengths and diameters; a large proportion of fibres with diameters below 0.2 micrometers was found. Long-term, mean values and confidence intervals of the concentration of fine dust were calculated from the measurements. For example, the mean fine dust mass concentrations for roofers cutting corners of asbestos-cement sheets with the grinding machine amounted to 2.2 mg/m3 when the cutting was done in the open air at a fixed location. When cutting was performed on the roof, the mean fine dust mass concentration amounted to 1.8 mg/m3. PMID- 7228341 TI - Dust chemistry and physics: mineral and vitreous fibres. AB - Increasing attention is currently being addressed to the many aspects of biological effects of fibres other than asbestos. In part, this interest has been generated by the work of Drs Stanton, Pott and others. The demonstration that durable fibres, of almost any composition, which satisfy certain dimensional requirements can induce tumours when implanted into the pleural or peritoneal cavities of mammals has generated concern over effects analogous to those of asbestos in man. Recent data from Turkey have suggested that fibrous zeolites can also produce mesothelioma in man. The chemical and physical properties of relevant, naturally occurring, as well as man-made mineral fibres are discussed. Particular emphasis is laid on those properties that are believed to be significant determinants of biological activity. PMID- 7228342 TI - Fibrous glass: carcinogenicity and dimensional characteristics. AB - Pleural responses in rats after the implantation of 17 samples of fibrous glass allowed Stanton et al. (1977) to formulate a statistical interpretation of the relationship between the carcinogenicity of this material and its dimensional characteristics. Using the data from that study, a new statistical approach has been developed, using correspondence analysis, multiple regression on the length and diameter of the fibres and simple regression on the average aspect ratio of the fibres, i.e., their average length:diameter ratio. Relationships obtained indicate that carcinogenicity is a continuous, increasing function of the aspect ratio of the fibres, and thus show that it is not possible to separate the effects of the two variables, length and diameter. A hypothesis is presented according to which the fibres could act as an active support for the transformation of adsorbed precarcinogenic molecules. This role would be dependent on the dimensional characteristics of the fibres. PMID- 7228343 TI - Fibre concentrations and size distributions of airborne fibres in several European man-made mineral fibre plants. AB - Although the nominal diameters of fibres produced in the glass and rock wool industries are usually 6-15 micrometers, these products contain a small proportion of respirable fibres (less than 3 micrometers diameter). Particular significance has been attached to the biological risk arising from the long (greater than 10 micrometers), fine (less than 1 micrometers) fibres. Therefore, the medical research sponsored by the Joint European Medical Research Board into the effects of man-made fibres on health has included detailed environmental studies on both the exposure levels to respirable fibres and the fibre size distributions at the European plants selected for epidemiological work. This paper summarizes the results obtained so far. The size distributions (length and diameter) of the airborne man-made mineral fibres are compared with similar data previously reported for airborne asbestos fibres. PMID- 7228344 TI - On the need for a new, distinct terminology for inorganic fibres. AB - Existing definitions of 'asbestos' and 'mineral fibre' originate from industrial and mineralogical sources and may be confusing when applied to scientific or medical findings. For writing and applying regulations for handling asbestos and mineral fibres, there is a need for a distinct, descriptive and internationally accepted terminology based on properties such as morphology, size and solubility, which are more significant from a physiological point of view. PMID- 7228345 TI - On the milling and ultrasonic treatment of fibres for biological and analytical applications. AB - The possible physical and chemical changes that could occur in fibre samples subjected to milling and ultrasonication during their preparation for biological applications are discussed. Milling changes not only size distribution but also the shape and crystal structure of fibres; ultrasonication had no influence on crystal structure. Changes in size and particle concentration were seen in samples of amphibole asbestos and glass fibres and to a much greater extent in chrysotile fibres. PMID- 7228346 TI - The clinical and radiological aspects of 185 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma. AB - One hundred and eight-five cases of environmentally-caused malignant pleural mesothelioma were analysed for clinical and radiological pictures. The first group consisted of 122 subjects from villages with asbestos deposits. The second group consisted of 63 patients from the Cappadocia region where there are no asbestos deposits but where zeolite occurs. The mean age at death and the age range of the patients were lower than those of patients with occupationally caused mesothelioma. This can be explained by the fact that exposure to mineral fibres in Turkey begins immediately after birth. The mode of onset was insidious chest pain, and the mean interval before reaching hospital was six months. The average duration of illness from the onset of symptoms to death was nearly 18 months. The most common clinical findings were evidence of pleural effusion and thickening. Bronchial breathing, tumour extension to the chest wall and frozen chest were also observed. Horner's syndrome was recorded in seven cases, and hypoglycaemia features in two. Pleural effusions and thickening, nodular and lobular lesions in the pleura, calcified pleural plaques with pleural lesions and hydropneumothorax were the radiological manifestations of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Three patients with mesothelioma were being followed up after a diagnosis of asbestos-caused pleurisy. PMID- 7228347 TI - Introduction: epidemiology of groups exposed to other mineral fibres. PMID- 7228348 TI - Mortality of workers in the man-made mineral fibre industry. AB - A cohort, consisting of 7049 males who worked for one year or more as production or maintenance workers during the period 1945-1963 in one of eight US plants producing man-made mineral fibres, was followed for deaths through 1973. Standardized mortality ratios were elevated for major causes of death for men with 20 years or more since first exposure and were high when compared with those of men with less than 20 years since first exposure. None of the excesses was statistically significant. Since many causes of death were involved, the excesses observed are probably unrelated to exposure to man-made mineral fibres. Data for the three mineral wool plants included in the study could not be interpreted due to the possible use of asbestos in one or more of these plants. For the five fibrous glass plants, there was no evidence of an excess in malignant or nonmalignant respiratory disease related to exposure to respirable fibrous glass. Estimated historical respirable fibre concentrations to which workers from fibrous-glass plants were exposed were very low, less than 1/100th of the standard proposed by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. PMID- 7228349 TI - Comparison of lung cancer risks for dust workers, asbestos-cement workers and control groups. AB - In a prospective study, 1630 men exposed to dust for long periods (foundry workers and workers in metal, ceramics, glass, stone and other industries) and 1630 controls not exposed to dust were registered between the years 1950 and 1960; the population comprised workmen living in Vienna and born in 1910 or before. Controls were matched according to age and smoking habits. Causes of deaths were followed up to 1976 from official death certificates, mainly issued by hospitals with routine autopsy. General mortality was higher in the dust exposed group, and there was a significant excess of deaths from lung cancer: 1.5 times higher than that for controls, 1.6 times higher than that for other Viennese men of the same age and 2.1 times higher than that for Austrian men. There were no excess deaths from lung cancer up to the age of 60. It is evident that only long exposure times raise the lung cancer risk for dust-exposed workers. In a historical prospective study of asbestos-cement workers and control groups, using the same criteria of sex, age and exposure time, the preliminary data show an age-standardized relative risk of 1.5 for asbestos-cement workers compared with cement workers, but no excess risk in comparison with the local and general population. PMID- 7228350 TI - Review of the epidemiology of man-made mineral fibres. AB - Epidemiological studies with regard to man-made mineral fibres are reviewed. The few, early case reports show no consistent trend and have not been confirmed. Cross-sectional prevalence studies and a few post-mortem series have shown no evidence of disease attributable to these fibres. Cohort studies show no clear evidence of an excess risk of bronchogenic carcinoma related to exposure to man made mineral fibres, and no case of mesothelioma has been reported. Evidence regarding a risk of bronchitis is open to doubt and requires further study. PMID- 7228351 TI - Leukotoxicity of an extract from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans for human gingival polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - A soluble extract from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (designated strain Y4) caused dose-dependent cytotoxic changes in PMN isolated from the gingival crevices (C-PMN) of normal adults. When the toxin was preincubated with sera from patients with juvenile periodontitis, there was a significant inhibition of toxic activity. In contrast a variety of other sera from normal subjects with healthy gingiva, and from patients with chronic gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, recurrent herpes labialis, rheumatoid arthritis, or ulcerative colitis enhanced the leukotoxic activity. The neutralization of toxin by serum from patients with juvenile periodontitis was probably due to specific antibodies. Since Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans organisms can be frequently identified in subgingival plaque from patients with juvenile periodontitis, the capacity of Y4 toxin to kill C-PMN may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 7228352 TI - Inhibition of mast-cell degranulation by chemotactic peptides. AB - Pepstatin and f-methionyl peptides which are potent chemotactic agents for neutrophils were found to inhibit the increase in vascular permeability of rat skin which follows the injection of 48/80, anti-rat IgE serum, or pulmonary permeability factor. These latter compounds are known to act by releasing histamine from mast cells. f-Met-Leu-Phe, which is the most active chemotactically, was also found to be the most active inhibitor. PMID- 7228354 TI - Suppression of human lymphocyte migration by PGE2. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) E2 markedly inhibits casein- and C5a-stimulated lymphocyte migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition is observed with as low as 10(-9) M PGE2 and requires that PGE2 be present during cell locomotion. Studies with PGE1, PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha and PGA1 indicate that only PGE1 and PGE2 inhibit lymphocyte migration. These studies indicate that PGE2 may play a role in the regulation of the immune response at the level of lymphocyte locomotion. PMID- 7228353 TI - Vascular changes in rabbit skin induced by proinflammatory phorbol and 12 deoxyphorbol esters. AB - The effects of proinflammatory phorbol and 12-deoxyphorbol esters were determined on blood flow changes and plasma exudation in rabbit skin. Blood flow changes were measured by means of 133Xe washout over that in control-treated sites, while plasma exudation was measured by 131I-labeled human serum albumin leakage from skin blood vessels. 12-Deoxyphorbol-13-phenylacetate, 12-deoxyphorbol-13 angelate, and their C-20 acetates induced vasoconstriction in rabbit skin in doses of 100 ng/site. Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate indiced vasoconstriction to a far lower degree, while the parent alcohol phorbol and 9,13,14-orthophenylacetyl resiniferonol had no significant effects on rabbit microvasculature. The ability of tigliane esters to contract rabbit blood vessels was confirmed in vitro in that each of these esters induced a prolonged contraction of superfused rabbit aorta in doses of 1-5 microgram. Plasma exudation in rabbit skin was not significantly increased by the phorbol and 12-deoxyphorbol esters, but in a second determination using 100 ng of PGE1 together with 100 ng of ester, plasma exudations of up to 40 microliter per site were recorded. PMID- 7228355 TI - Diphtheria and tetanus immunization. PMID- 7228357 TI - Urinary levels of antidiuretic hormone in nocturnal enuresis. PMID- 7228356 TI - Pubertal changes and their interrelationship in Indian girls. PMID- 7228358 TI - In-service continuing education in new born care. PMID- 7228359 TI - Age independent indices in assessment of malnutrition. PMID- 7228360 TI - Evaluation of mebendazole in trichuriasis. PMID- 7228361 TI - Cardiac malformations in congenital rubella syndrome. PMID- 7228362 TI - Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva (case reports). PMID- 7228363 TI - Noonan syndrome (case reports). PMID- 7228365 TI - Gastrophilus intestinalis as a cause of diarrhoea in an infant. PMID- 7228364 TI - Ascaris lumbricoides in the eye. PMID- 7228366 TI - Cardiac contusion in the patient with multiple injuries. AB - We have treated 20 patients with multiple injuries and concomitant myocardial contusion. The diagnosis of myocardial contusion was based mainly on serial ECG tracings which showed arrhythmias, dynamic ischaemic patterns or conduction disturbances. The clinical and laboratory findings of cardiac contusion are sometimes indistinguishable from those found in multiple injuries. Furthermore, they are overshadowed by the overt manifestation of cerebral, thoraco-abdominal and skeletal injuries. Awareness and prompt diagnostic measures are essential in the diagnosis of cardiac injury. Strict cardiac monitoring following multiple trauma will prevent serious or even fatal outcome of cardiac injury. PMID- 7228367 TI - Traumatic atrial rupture without haemopericardium. PMID- 7228368 TI - Delayed presentation of intestinal obstruction as a complication of blunt abdominal injury. PMID- 7228369 TI - False positive peritoneal lavage due to retroperitoneal haematoma. AB - Many papers have described the excellent dependability of peritoneal lavage in detecting intraperitoneal blood. In our series this investigation has resulted in unnecessary laparotomies in 6 patients out of 33 (18 per cent). Massive retroperitoneal haematomas, mostly due to pelvic fractures, were the cause of these false positive results. Careful interpretation of positive peritoneal lavages in the presence of significant pelvic fractures is indicated. PMID- 7228370 TI - Effects of fracture stabilization by internal fixation. I. A haemodynamic and blood gas evaluation of the systemic and regional changes. AB - The effect of internal stabilization of a fracture of the femur on arterial blood oxygen levels, limb flow and oxygen consumption was measured in 24 dogs. Those with stabilized fractures bore weight on their limbs and were much more active. Without fracture stabilization the arterial oxygen tension fell by 10 per cent. With internal fixation this hypoxia did not develop. In fact, there was a 10 per cent increase beginning in the third week. Stabilization of the fracture gave a persistent increase in limb blood flow, but without stabilization this increase was transient and followed by a significant decrease. Over the 7-week observation period, the total oxygen consumption of the uninjured limbs in the stabilized group was twice that in the unstabilized group, an indication of their functional activity. Also with stabilization, the oxygen consumption of the uninjured limb was not significantly different from the opposite limb, whereas without stabilization the consumption was 32 per cent greater, an indication of the energy cost of countering instability. PMID- 7228371 TI - Repeat Monteggia fracture: an unusual occurrence. PMID- 7228372 TI - Cautionary footnote regarding the use of anti-rotation screws with Kuntscher nails. PMID- 7228373 TI - Fractures of the olecranon in children. AB - Forty-nine fractures of the olecranon in children have been followed for up to 3 years after the injury. A notably large number (22) sustained associated injuries or complications which delayed or prevented a satisfactory outcome. Just over half of the whole series (27) achieved a satisfactory return to normal use within 12 weeks. Methods of treatment and a number of important complications are discussed. PMID- 7228375 TI - Treatment of femoral diaphyseal fractures in children by strapping. AB - Sixty-three children with closed uncomplicated fractures of the shaft of the femur were treated by strapping the fractured thigh to the flexed leg by zinc oxide adhesive tape. Forty-eight patients with follow-up times of 6 months to 3 years were evaluated for final assessment. The result were good in 43 and fair in 5 children. The method is effective, safe and easy; it is performed in one stage and does not require anaesthesia. PMID- 7228374 TI - Cast bracing in practice: a two-year study in Aberdeen. AB - This paper reviews the use of cast bracing of fractures of the femoral shaft over a two-year period in an orthopaedic unit which provides a service to half a million people in the Grampian Region. More than three-quarters of the patients with fractures of the femoral shaft admitted to hospital were treated by cast bracing and these patients are reviewed. In 1976 the cast braces were applied at an average of 6.3 weeks after fracture and in 1977 after an average of 5 weeks, with consequent savings in hospital bed time. The average time to union remained remarkably constant at around 14.5 weeks. The less than good results are looked at critically with a view to avoiding these in the future. PMID- 7228376 TI - Tension band wiring for fixation of comminuted fractures of the distal radius. AB - In the treatment of unstable comminuted and intra-articular fractures of the lower end of the radius, we have found that is is essential to reconstitute the normal anatomical relationship of the radius to the carpus and to the ulna. This is possible by performing an open reduction and by maintaining the fractured fragments by Kirschner wires and adding a tension band. Patients treated thus are reported. There have been no complications and the patients regained full function of the wrist without unsightly deformity. PMID- 7228377 TI - A radiological study of the movements of the two components of the Monk prosthesis (hard-top 'duo-pleet') in patients. AB - Following replacement of the femoral head with the Monk hard-top 'duo-pleet' prosthesis, radiological studies show that movement of the replaced hip takes place between the acetabulum and the metal shell and between the high density polyethylene cup and metal ball. Movements improve with the passage of time. The two sites of movement may contribute to a greater range of hip movement, a better safeguard against loosening and possibly less medial migration of the prosthesis than solid metal prostheses like the Thompson and Austin Moore types. PMID- 7228378 TI - Bilateral obturator dislocation of the hip joint. PMID- 7228379 TI - Kuntscher nailing of femoral fractures associated with Austin Moore's prosthesis. AB - The management of fractures occurring below the tip of an Austin Moore prosthesis varies greatly. Four cases are presented which provides difficulties have been overcome. The new method involves the insertion of a Kuntscher nail posterior of the stem of the prosthesis. PMID- 7228380 TI - The broken bone without a fracture: a case report. AB - A case is reported of a 76-year-old lady who complained of a painful knee following a road traffic accident. Radiography revealed bone fragments behind the knee but no immediate source was obvious. PMID- 7228382 TI - Acute dislocation of the patella. PMID- 7228381 TI - External fixation of fractures: a simple method. AB - A simple and versatile method for external fixation of fractures of long bones is described. The method was first used in 1976 in a successful attempt to save a limb which had sustained a severe comminuted fracture of the tibia with vascular impairment. PMID- 7228383 TI - Intracranial pressure measurements in patients suffering head injury. PMID- 7228385 TI - Associated injuries in patients with spinal injury. AB - The associated injuries found in 100 consecutive spinal injuries are described. Fifty-one of the patients had injuries of the cervical cord, 31 per cent complete. A total of 75 per cent of the patients had associated injuries, the commonest being a head injury. Chest injuries were the next most frequent. The management of these injuries in the presence of a severe spinal injury is described. The importance of early tracheostomy and prophylactic anticoagulant therapy is stressed in reducing the mortality to the order of 2 per cent. The value of spinal injury units is emphasized. PMID- 7228384 TI - Medullary nailing of the femur. PMID- 7228387 TI - Depression of the respiratory burst in alveolar and peritoneal macrophages after thermal injury. AB - The resting O(2) consumption of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages obtained from rats at 4 and 24 h after thermal injury was unaltered from control values. However, when heat-killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa or polystyrene latex particles were added to the cell suspensions to initiate phagocytosis, a significant depression in the respiratory burst accompanying the phagocytic event was demonstrated. The addition of phorbol myristate acetate, used to maximize the respiratory response, was ineffective in elevating, to control values, the respiratory burst of macrophages obtained from burned animals. The deficit was only, in part, serum mediated since the responses could not be restored to control values even when the cells from the burned animals were vigorously washed with control serum and incubated with control serum. The contribution of a burn serum factor, which was non-dialyzable, heat stable at 56 degrees C but not at 65 degrees C, and insensitive to pronase treatment, must be considered. These data indicate that thermal injury results in macrophage metabolic alterations which are mediated, in part, by a burn serum factor. Furthermore, the data suggest that pulmonary alveolar macrophages are more sensitive to thermal injury than peritoneal macrophages. Serum factors contributed, in part, to this observed impairment in the respiratory burst as indicated by: (i) an approximate 50% reversal of the impairment by control serum, and (ii) an approximate decrease of 50 to 80% in the control alveolar macrophage respiratory burst when serum from the thermally injured rats was added to the culture medium. PMID- 7228386 TI - In vitro effect of tobacco smoke components on the functions of normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - The function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) has previously been shown to be impaired in smokers in comparison with healthy nonsmokers. Potent inhibition of PMN chemotaxis has been achieved with whole tobacco smoke, the gas phase of smoke, and a water-soluble extract of whole smoke. In the present work several aspects of PMN function were studied after exposure to water-soluble fraction of the particle phase of tobacco smoke collected on glass fiber filters. These tests included capillary tube random migration, chemotaxis under agarose, phagocytosis of yeasts, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium dye reduction, and whole-blood bactericidal activity. The water extract of the particle fraction of smoke had a high content of nicotine when compared with the levels achieved in plasma of smokers and a much lower concentration of aldehydes when compared with the gas phase of smoke. It had no cytotoxic effect and did not affect phagocytosis, oxygen consumption, or bactericidal activity. Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction of both resting and stimulated PMNs was significantly decreased only with the most concentrated solution. The tested solutions exerted a dose-related depressive effect on capillary tube random migration, whereas the random migration measured in the agarose chemotaxis test was normal. Nevertheless, the chemotactic response to a caseine solution was significantly decreased. The same tests were performed in the presence of several concentrations of a nicotine solution and the only test to be affected was the capillary tube random migration, and, that only at a very high concentration. The results of this study contribute to the more precise delineation of the extent of the dysfunction of PMNs exposed to tobacco smoke components and indicate that deleterious products are released from the particle phase of the smoke, which deposits all along the respiratory tree. PMID- 7228388 TI - Changes in intestinal fluid transport and immune responses to enterotoxins due to concomitant parasitic infection. AB - The effect of a parasitic infection on enterotoxic diarrhea and on local and systemic formation of antibody to the toxin after immunization was studied in mice. Trichinella spiralis infection was chosen as the model, since the effects of the parasite when residing in both intestinal and extraintestinal sites can be studied. It was found that during the intestinal stage of the infection, the fluid response to cholera toxin as well as dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate was greatly enhanced and that this was associated with a marked reduction in the absorption of fluid from the intestine. Later in the infection (migration stage), fluid accumulation in response to cholera toxin was significantly reduced, whereas absorption was normal and secretion in response to dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate was somewhat increased. Still later in the infection (muscular stage), the fluid-secretory response to cholera toxin was normal. There was a drastic depression of local formation of antitoxin of both immunoglobulin and immunoglobulin classes in mice given the first two of four oral immunizations with cholera toxin during the intestinal stage of T. spiralis infection. When the priming was given before or after the intestinal stage, the local antitoxin response was not affected. The titers of circulating antibodies were also depressed in mice given the first immunizations during the intestinal stage. In addition, significant though less pronounced depression of the serum antibody response was observed in mice primed during the extraintestinal stage. PMID- 7228389 TI - Differential alterations in host peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence during the course of bacterial and viral infections. AB - Previous studies have shown that stimulation of the oxidative metabolism in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by in vitro phagocytosis of various microorganisms results in photon emission, termed chemiluminescence (CL). Studies were conducted to determine whether bacterial and viral infections induce enhanced basal endogenous host peripheral PMN CL in the absence of in vitro phagocytic stimulation. Nonimmune rats and guinea pigs as well as immune rats were inoculated with various doses (10(5) to 10(7)) of live vaccine strain Francisella tularensis (per 100 g of body weight). In addition, nonimmune guinea pigs were inoculated with 40,000 plaque-forming units of Pichinde virus. Luminol assisted endogenous PMN CL was measured at various time intervals after inoculation of microorganisms. Enhanced endogenous PMN CL was detected as early as the appearance of fever (12 h) in nonimmune animals infected with F. tularensis. Addition of sodium azide, N-ethylmaleimide, superoxide dismutase, or catalase to the CL reaction mixture containing PMN from infected animals significantly decreased the CL response. Immune rats challenged with F. tularensis exhibited resistance to infection and a decreased PMN CL compared with nonimmune rats 24 and 48 h after inoculation. However, the CL response from immune rats was significantly elevated, compared with control values. In contrast to the results obtained with the model bacterial infection, PMN isolated from guinea pigs inoculated with Pichinde virus failed to exhibit enhanced CL, compared with controls, despite significant viremia and fever. Results suggest that enhanced endogenous CL during bacterial infection occurs through mechanisms involving increased PMN oxidative metabolism and the subsequent generation of microbicidal forms of oxygen. Further, measurement of endogenous PMN CL may have diagnostic and prognostic value in infectious diseases. PMID- 7228390 TI - Modulation of particle uptake in Trichinella spiralis-infected mice. AB - Mice were infected with 170 Trichinella spiralis larvae, and their blood clearance of carbon particles was studied 4, 7, 13, 32, and 135 days later and compared with that of noninfected control mice. Clearance in mice with a 4-day old infection was comparable to that in the controls; clearances in mice with 7- and 13-day-old infections were increasingly accelerated and significantly different from that in the controls; clearances in mice with 32- and 135-day old infections were proportionally inhibited. Trichinellosis in mice does not modulate phagocytosis during the intestinal stage, but causes enhancement during the migratory period and inhibition during the muscle phase. PMID- 7228392 TI - Cryptosporidium: evidence for a single-species genus. AB - Cryptosporidium, isolated from calves with diarrhea, infected, with or without causing enteritis, seven different species of animals. PMID- 7228394 TI - Role of complement in viral infections: participation of terminal complement components (C5 to C9) in recovery of mice from Sindbis virus infection. AB - the pathogenesis of Sindbis virus infection was studied in congenic mice with normal levels of the fifth component of complement (C5) and in mice deficient in C5. Mice deficient in C5 had a higher mortality rate than mice with normal levels of C5 as well as impaired clearance of virus from their brain and feet. PMID- 7228393 TI - Microbicidal and cytotoxic properties of soluble components from quaternary aminoethyl-sephadex. AB - Soluble material released during hydration and equilibration of a quaternary aminoethyl-Sephadex anion exchanger was found to be toxic for a variety of cell types. Among these were gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and a murine cell line. The material was also found to interfere with the spectrophotometric enzymatic determination of lysozyme. PMID- 7228391 TI - Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 and N27. AB - The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains Y4 and N27 was isolated by the phenol-water procedure. Morphologically, the molecule consisted of ribbon and branched filaments which comprised 3% of the cellular dry weight. Chemical analysis of the isolated and purified LPSs of both strains showed them to consist of carbohydrate, lipid, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, heptose, hexosamine, and phosphate. The major fatty acids of the lipid A moiety were saturated C14 and beta-OH C14 compounds. Rhamnose, fucose, galactose, glucose, heptose, glucosamine, and galactosamine comprised the monosaccharide portion of the LPS. Biological activity studies revealed both LPS molecules to be active in the Schwartzman reaction and in in vitro 45Ca bone resorption, as well as in macrophage activation and lethality and in platelet aggregation. PMID- 7228395 TI - Bacterial aggregating activity in human saliva: comparisons of bacterial species and strains. AB - Using a quantitative assay to measure saliva-mediated bacterial aggregating activity, we have surveyed 20 streptococcal strains with saliva samples obtained from a large population study. Individual saliva samples demonstrated characteristic levels of aggregating activity for Streptococcus sanguis M5. In general, high activity for this strain was associated with high activity for other strains of S. sanguis. Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus salivarius. The population distribution of aggregating activity for Streptococcus mutans, however, was different. PMID- 7228396 TI - Binding of radiolabeled Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin to human erythrocytes. AB - The addition f [3H]isoleucine to a chemically defined medium resulted in the production of delta-toxin (DT) with a high specific radioactivity (0.47 microCi/mg). The purified tritium-labeled toxin ([3H]DT) was found to migrate in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single band with a molecular weight of 1,600. Upon electrofocusing, [3H]DT yielded one major peak (pI = 5.90) and two minor peaks (pI = 5.10, 6.95) of radioactivity. The percentage of [3H]DT associated with pelleted fractions of intact erythrocytes or erythrocyte ghosts remained fairly constant over a 100-fold range of toxin concentrations. Erythrocyte ghosts, however, bound more [3H]DT than did intact erythrocytes when exposed to the same concentration of toxin. Erythrocytes maintained in isotonic sucrose were more susceptible to toxin than erythrocytes suspended in saline, but did not bind more [3H]DT. The binding of [3H]DT to erythrocyte ghosts was found to be temperature dependent from 0 to 20 degrees C but was constant from 20 to 50 degrees C. PMID- 7228397 TI - Hydrophobic interaction chromatography of Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin. AB - Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin bound avidly to agarose gels containing phenyl, octyl, or decyl ligands, but less so to agarose with hexyl groups. Agarose with ethyl or butyl moieties did not bind any more toxin than did agarose without attached ligands. About 10% of the applied toxin preparation did not bind to gels and eluted with the starting buffer. The nonadsorbed material was not hemolytic, did not react with anti-delta-toxin immunoglobulin G, and did not appear to be a peptide. Toxin bound to phenyl-Sepharose was not eluted with water, solutions containing chaotropic ions or ethylene glycol, or by increasing the pH, but was eluted with 50% ethanol. The ethanol-eluted delta-toxin (EEDT) was soluble in water, ethanol, 10% sucrose, or 6 M urea, but was poorly soluble in aqueous salt solutions at neutral pH. Regardless of whether the soluble or insoluble form of delta-toxin was applied to the gel, the resultant EEDT fraction was water soluble. The hemolytic activity of EEDT was markedly reduced when assayed in saline, but was the same as that of the original toxin preparation when assayed in isotonic sucrose. A significant portion of EEDT, when rechromatographed on phenyl-Sepharose, did not bind to the gel. This unbound fraction may represent toxin aggregates in which the hydrophobic regions of the toxin monomers are interiorized within the aggregates. PMID- 7228398 TI - Analysis of human anti-diphtheria antibodies by isoelectric focusing: evidence for restricted clonal heterogeneity of anti-fragment A antibodies. AB - The in vivo human humoral response to diphtheria toxoid-tetanus toxoid booster immunization was studied by isoelectric focusing analysis of sera obtained after immunization. The anti-diphtheria toxoid (immunoglobulin G [IgG]-Dip), anti fragment A (IgG-Frag A), and anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies from 20 donors post booster immunization were focused by using agarose isoelectric focusing and visualized by development with radiolabeled antigens. The quantities of the IgG Dip and IgG-Frag A antibodies correlated with the number of bands seen on the isoelectric focusing pattern in that more bands were found in the spectrotypes of donors with high serum levels of antibody. No difference was apparent in the antibody spectrotypes obtained from sera of donors at successive times post booster immunization. Individual heterogeneity of the different donors' spectrotypes was often found for IgG-Frag A antibodies, but a close comparison of several different donors revealed antibodies with the same spectrotype patterns. Thus, individual clones of antibody were revealed in humans after in vivo immunization, particularly when antibodies against antigens of restricted epitope size were analyzed. Additionally, the sharing of certain antibody spectrotypes among several individuals raised the possibility that certain antibody clones may be preferentially expressed in the human population. PMID- 7228399 TI - Purification and partial characterization of the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - Elementary bodies (EB) of Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes C, E, and L2 were extrinsically radioiodinated, and whole-cell lysates of these serotypes were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Autoradiography of the polypeptide profiles identified a major surface protein with an apparent subunit molecular weight of 39,500 that was common to each C. trachomatis serotype. The abilities of nonionic (Triton X-100), dipolar ionic (Zwittergent TM-314), mild (sodium deoxycholate and sodium N-lauroyl sarcosine), and strongly anionic (SDS) detergents to extract this protein from intact EB of the L2 serotype were investigated by SDS-PAGE analysis of the soluble and insoluble fractions obtained after each detergent treatment. Only SDS readily extracted this protein from intact EB. Sarkosyl treatment selectively solubilized the majority of other EB proteins, leaving the 39,500-dalton protein associated with the Sarkosyl-insoluble fraction. Ultrastructural studies of the Sarkosyl insoluble EB pellet showed it to consist of empty EB particles possessing an apparently intact outer membrane. No structural evidence for a peptidoglycan-like cell wall was found. Morphologically these chlamydial outer membrane complexes (COMC) resembled intact chlamydial EB outer membranes. The 39,500-dalton outer membrane protein was quantitatively extracted from COMC by treating them with 2% SDS at 60 degrees C. This protein accounted for 61% of the total COMC-associated protein, and its extraction resulted in a concomitant loss of the COMC membrane structure and morphology. The soluble extract obtained from SDS-treated COMC was adsorbed to a hydroxylapatite column and eluted with a linear sodium phosphate gradient. The 39,500-dalton protein was eluted from the column as a single peak at a phosphate concentration of approximately 0.3 M. The eluted protein was nearly homogeneous by SDS-PAGE and appeared free of contaminating carbohydrate, glycolipid, and nucleic acid. Hyperimmune mouse antiserum prepared against the 39,500-dalton protein from serotype L2 reacted with C. trachomatis serotypes Ba, E, D, K, L1, L2, and L3 by indirect immunofluorescence with EB but failed to react with serotypes A, B, C, F, G, H, I, and J, with the C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis strain, or with the C. psittaci feline pneumonitis, guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis, or 6BC strains. Thus, the 39,500-dalton major outer membrane protein is a serogroup antigen of C. trachomatis organisms. PMID- 7228400 TI - In vitro identification and characterization of a virus isolated from a dog with neurological dysfunction. AB - A virus, 78-238, isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a dog with neurological dysfunction, was characterized as a paramyxovirus. This conclusion was supported by viral cytopathic effects and morphological appearance of virions and nucleocapsids in infected cells. Nucleocapsids were found in the cytoplasm of all infected cells and in the nuclei of 0.001% of these cells. Growth curves revealed that a high percentage (>/=76%) of infectious progeny virus was cell released. Persistent infection of Vero cells with 78-238 showed a consistently high percentage of fluorescence-positive cells and a low proportion of hemadsorption positive cells. Serological studies indicate that the virus was closely related to Simian virus 5 and reference canine parainfluenza virus. PMID- 7228401 TI - Immunohistological study of the anatomic relationship of toxoplasma antigens to the inflammatory response in the brains of mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii. AB - The relationship of toxoplasma antigen(s) to the origin and long-term persistence of the mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate that is present in the brains of mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii was studied by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical staining technique. C3H/Km mice were infected with the avirulent C37 strain of T. gondii and sequentially sacrificed over the ensuing 107 days. Comparable sections of each brain were prepared for routine light microscopy. Antisera to toxoplasma made in rabbits were used for immunohistological staining, and adjacent slides were also stained with conventional histological stains. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase stain demonstrated toxoplasma tissue cysts, tachyzoites, and intra- and extracellular antigen-antibody reaction products. Early infection was characterized by small tight clusters of free tachyzoites gaining access to brain substance in the absence of an inflammatory response. Once there was disruption of neural parenchyma, a mononuclear cellular infiltrate rapidly ensued. After the first days of infection, mononuclear cells were always present in all infected brains and were anatomically associated with some component of toxoplasma antigen(s). The histological picture of late infection suggested that recurrent episodes of hematogenous dissemination of tachyzoites occurred in infected mice and that such episodes were at least partially responsible for persistence of an antigenic stimulus. PMID- 7228402 TI - In vitro responses of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages to Legionella pneumophila. AB - Transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the phagocytosis of virulent and avirulent strains of Legionella pneumophila. The interaction between L. pneumophila and peritoneal macrophages from normal guinea pigs or from animals that had survived infection was studied. The virulent strains survived and proliferated within the phagocyte after ingestion by either type of macrophage, whereas the avirulent strain of bacteria was killed by normal macrophages. Although the addition of immune serum enhanced phagocytosis, the outcome was the same as with normal serum. PMID- 7228403 TI - Enhancement of plaque formation and cell fusion of an enteropathogenic coronavirus by trypsin treatment. AB - Plaque formation, replication, and related cytopathic functions of the enteropathogenic bovine coronavirus strain L9 in bovine fetal thyroid (BFTy) and bovine fetal brain (BFB) cells were investigated in the presence and absence of trypsin. Plaque formation was enhanced in both cell types. Plaques reached a size with an average diameter of 5 mm within 4 days with trypsin in the overlay, whereas their diameter remained less than 1 mm at this time after plating without trypsin in the overlay. Fusion of both cell types was observed 12 to 18 h after infection when trypsin was present in the medium. Fusion was not observed in infected BFB cell cultures and was rarely observed 48 h after infection of BFTy cells maintained with the trypsin-free medium. The largest polycaryons formed had 15 to 22 nuclei. They then lysed and detached. Cell fusion depended on de novo synthesis of hemagglutinin and infectivity. Fusion from without was not observed. Virus produced under trypsin-enhancing conditions accompanied by cell fusion did not lyse mouse erythrocytes that reacted with L9 coronavirus hemagglutinin. Trypsin-treated, infected BFTy cultures produced coronaviral particles that excluded stain from the envelope confinement. These virions had uniformly shorter surface projections than did the viral forms generated by trypsin-free cell cultures. PMID- 7228404 TI - Isolation of plasmids in Legionella pneumophila and Legionella-like organisms. AB - Agarose gel electrophoresis was employed to screen nine strains of Legionella like bacteria and one strain of Legionella pneumophila for the presence of extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. Cryptic plasmids with molecular weights ranging from 46.6 x 10(6) to 59.8 x 10(6) were found in three of the isolates examined. PMID- 7228405 TI - Detection and characterization of hemolysin production in Streptococcus mutans. AB - Beta-hemolytic strains of Streptococcus mutans were identified and physiological reactions and hemolysin production were studied. Strict anaerobic conditions were shown to be indispensable for the expression of beta-hemolysis on blood agar plates; hemolysis was only observed after growth in an atmosphere with an oxygen content of 10 ppm or lower. The occurrence of beta-hemolytic strains was found not to be restricted to one biotype of S. mutans. Two hemolytic activities were detected in liquid cultures. Oxygen-labile activity was detected in prereduced broth cultures and was shown to be unstable and indetectable in supernatants. Solubilization of oxygen-labile hemolysin was achieved by the addition of Tween 80 to the cultures. Oxygen-stable activity was detected in supernatants of cell suspensions in the presence of maltose, Casamino Acids, and Tween 80. In contrast to oxygen-labile activity, oxygen-stable activity was not detected in broth cultures. PMID- 7228406 TI - Extracellular glycoprotein from virulent and avirulent Cryptococcus species. AB - Two virulent strains of Cryptococcus neoformans and two nonvirulent forms (C. albidus and C. laurentii) were grown in liquid culture to produce maximal capsule formation. A glycoprotein was isolated from the culture medium and was homogeneous as determined by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and anion-exchange chromatography. The amino acid, neutral sugar, amino sugar, uronic acid, and O acetyl compositions and the infrared spectra of the glycoprotein were determined. The product of the C. neoformans strains contained more mannose and uronic acid than did that from the nonpathogenic strains. O-acetyl groups were absent from glycoprotein of the two nonpathogens. PMID- 7228407 TI - Staphylococcal enterotoxins fail to disrupt membrane integrity or synthetic functions of Henle 407 intestinal cells. AB - The potential cytotoxic activity of purified staphylococcal enterotoxins for mammalian cells was evaluated. The effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins A (SEA) and B (SEB) on cell membrane integrity as measured by leakage of labeled cytoplasmic constituents ([3H]uridine), amino acid transport (lysine and aminoisobutyric acid), and macromolecular synthesis (protein, ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid) was evaluated for a human intestinal epithelial cell (Henle 407). No evidence of cytotoxicity by any of these criteria could be detected for cell monolayers incubated with SEA for periods of between 30 min and 24 h. Purified staphylococcal hemolysins (alpha- and delta-toxins) were shown to exert cytotoxicity by the leakage and amino acid uptake assays. In efforts to detect synergistic effects between enterotoxin and the staphylococcal cytotoxins, membrane functions were evaluated after sequential or combined treatment with enterotoxin and alpha-toxin or with enterotoxin and delta-toxin. In no instance could a contribution to cytotoxicity by the staphylococcal enterotoxin be detected. That the assays were sufficiently sensitive to detect synergistic effects was shown by the greater than additive effects achieved with a combination of alpha- and delta-toxins. The data, contrary to previous reports, showed that staphylococcal enterotoxins did not behave as bacterial cytotoxins. PMID- 7228408 TI - Effect of bacterial aggregation on the adherence of oral streptococci to hydroxyapatite. AB - Several in vitro assay systems to measure the adherence of human dental plaque bacteria to solid surfaces such as teeth, glass, and hydroxyapatite have been published. In many studies a variety of macromolecular solutes have been used to study the adherence process. Often these solutes are able to aggregate the test bacterial and thus may alter the outcome of adherence experiments. In this study, the effects of the aggregation of Streptococcus sanguis on adherence to spheroidal hydroxyapatite is described. Adherence of preformed aggregates and of bacteria which were aggregating during the adherence reaction was examined. Bacteria were aggregated with whole saliva, concanavalin A, and wheat germ lectin. Further effects of the coaggregation of S. mitis and Actinomyces viscosus to saliva-coated spheroidal hydroxyapatite are presented. These studies suggest that formation of large aggregates resulted in a decrease in the numbers of organisms which adhered. In contrast, the formation of small aggregates actually increased the numbers of bacteria that adhered. All increases in adherent bacteria occurred at low concentrations of aggregating substance in which visible bacterial aggregation was not evident. The data indicate that adequate dose response experiments must be performed to ensure that solutes used as probes to study adherence mechanisms do not affect the adherence simply as a result of aggregation of the test microorganisms. PMID- 7228409 TI - Activation of human lymphocytes in vitro by membrane-damaging toxins from Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Purified staphylococcal alpha-, gamma-, and delta-toxin were shown to cause activation of lymphoid cells from adult human donors and of cord cells in vitro as measured by [14C]thymidine incorporation after 7 days of incubation. T cell enriched and T cell-depleted lymphocyte suspensions were activated in a similar fashion. Beta-toxin, on the other hand, exerted no valid stimulation of the various lymphocyte preparations. The lymphocyte-activating properties of alpha- and gamma-toxin were shown to be independent of their hemolytic capacity. The results probably reflect unspecific mitogen effects, but a component of specific reactivity cannot be excluded. We suggest that the unspecific triggering of lymphocytes in vitro is caused by surface-active properties of the toxins. PMID- 7228410 TI - Alveolar bone loss in rats after immunization with Actinomyces viscosus. AB - We investigated a possible cause-and-effect relationship between sensitization against Actinomyces viscosus Nyl and destructive periodontal disease in RIC Sprague-Dawley rats. Germfree rats (66) were either immunized with A. viscosus Nyl (day 20) or orally infected with A. viscosus Nyl (days 38 and 39) or both. We measured alveolar bone loss in maxillary and mandibular molars, in vitro T lymphocyte responsiveness, and serum antibody titers. In immunized and monoassociated rats bone loss in both jaws progressed rapidly between days 37 and 72, whereas the rate of further resorption decreased until day 100. In monoassociated rats, development of bone loss was much slower, and the maximum resorption measured was, at best, half of the bone loss compared with the former group. However, no amplification of bone loss by immunization was observed in a second experiment using 63 conventional rats kept in relative gnotobiosis. Antibody titers to A. viscosus Nyl in gnotobiotic monoassociated rats were higher in immunized animals, whereas no difference was found in the respective groups of the relative gnotobiotic experiment. The fact that immunization more than doubled alveolar bone loss in gnotobiotic monoassociated rats confirms the allergic nature of the disease. The lack of such an effect under conventional conditions points to suppressor mechanisms whose decrease might convert stable periodontal lesions into progressive ones. PMID- 7228412 TI - Extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 7228413 TI - Hypothermia. PMID- 7228411 TI - Specific and nonspecific immune factors in dental plaque fluid and saliva from young and old populations. AB - Separate samples of supragingival dental plaque overtly free of blood were centrifuged to obtain the free fluid phase (plaque fluid). Bound protein was eluted from the plaque bacteria and matrix by washing the plaque with a low-pH buffer. The plaque fluid, low pH eluate, and whole saliva were assayed for immunoglobulins A, G, and M, the third component of complement, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase. Concentrations of total protein and albumin were also determined. Antibody reactive with specific plaque bacteria was detected by indirect immunofluorescent microscopy. Specific and nonspecific immune proteins were present in plaque fluid from adult subjects at significantly greater concentrations than in their saliva, which suggests that these proteins are concentrated in dental plaque. The results indicate that both saliva and gingival exudate contribute to the immunological proteins found in the free fluid phase of dental plaque. The observation that immunoglobulin A antibody reactive with plaque bacteria could be detected in plaque fluid suggests that a wide variety of immunological reactions may occur in the dental plaque. These potential interactions between host, plaque bacteria, and their products could serve to influence the plaque flora and its ability to induce disease. PMID- 7228414 TI - Arrhythmias in pediatric cardiac patients. PMID- 7228415 TI - Practical management aspects of intraoperative arrhythmias: the anesthesiologist's viewpoint. AB - A wide range of cardiac arrhythmias may be observed during anesthesia and intraoperatively and they usually have a multifactorial origin. A broad understanding of the various arrhythmogenic factors is important in the safe and effective treatment of these rhythm disorders. A large number of intraoperative arrhythmias can be successfully managed by expectant observation and elimination of the frequently implicated stimuli, e.g., hypercapnia, anesthetic overdose, hypoxia, excessive sympathetic activity, or surgical stimulation. Certain arrhythmias, however, depending on their intrinsic prognosis and the hemodynamic state of the patient, require immediate treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs or direct current countershock, or both. PMID- 7228416 TI - Postoperative management: circulation. PMID- 7228417 TI - Postoperative management: complications. PMID- 7228418 TI - Preoperative management. PMID- 7228419 TI - Pathophysiology of congenital heart disease. PMID- 7228420 TI - Anesthetic management of cardiac catheterization. PMID- 7228422 TI - Monitoring during anesthesia. PMID- 7228421 TI - Anesthetic management for cardiac surgery not requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7228423 TI - Monitoring of the cardiovascular system during anesthesia. PMID- 7228424 TI - Monitoring of the fetus. PMID- 7228426 TI - Monitoring during anesthesia for neurosurgery. PMID- 7228425 TI - Monitoring during anesthesia for cardiac surgery. PMID- 7228427 TI - Electrical hazards in monitoring. PMID- 7228428 TI - Biotechnological principles of monitoring. PMID- 7228429 TI - Monitoring during anesthesia for pediatric surgery. PMID- 7228430 TI - Role of the cytoskeleton in the Fc receptor activity of rat peritoneal macrophages. AB - High concentration of cytochalasin B (CB) and vinblastine (Vb) inhibited the erythrocyte-antibody (EA) rosette formation of rat peritoneal macrophages (PM). Low concentration of Vb enhanced rosette formation. CB and Vb had the same effect on the rosette formation when anti-SRBC immunoglobulin (Ig) had been previously bound in vivo or in vitro to the Fc receptors (FcR) of the macrophages, suggesting that the intact function of the cytoskeleton is required for the last step of rosette formation. CB and Vb exert a reversible effect on FcR activity. Regeneration of FcR activity was observed also in the presence of 10 microgram/ml cycloheximide. The effect of CB and Vb on rosette formation depends both on the (sub)classes of antibody involved and on the nature of the particulate antigen. Rosettes with living trypanosomes displayed an extremely high CB sensitivity. PMID- 7228431 TI - Depression of neutrophil chemotaxis in atopic individuals. An H2 histamine receptor response. AB - Neutrophil chemotaxis was compared in normal and atopic individuals using a modified Boyden chamber with as chemotactant, autologous serum either unactivated or activated by zymosan or an endotoxin-containing house dust preparation. A high incidence of defective leukotaxis was found in atopics when cells were opposed to activated serum. The cause of this abnormality is not intrinsic to the leukocytes since random migration and chemotaxis towards unactivated serum were comparable in normal and atopic subjects. The defect persisted when atopic leukocytes were opposed to activated normal serum and the chemotactic response of normal neutrophils was not imparied when tested against activated atopic serum. Leukotaxis was significantly depressed by incubating atopic leukocytes with allergen to which they were sensitized, suggesting an inhibitory effect of mediators of anaphylaxis. Histamine inhibited in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis in normal and atopic subjects. This inhibition was dose-related and significantly more pronounced in atopics. Incubation of atopic leukocytes with an H2 antagonist, cimetidine, was capable of enhancing their chemotactic responsiveness towards activated autologous serum to levels observed in normal controls. In the same conditions, an H1 blocker, promethazine, was without effect. These data indicate that the leukotactic dysfunction of atopic individuals results from an abnormal sensitivity of these leukocytes to histamine which, in the chemotactic chamber, may be released from basophils by products of complement activation and, in some experimental conditions, by antigen to which cells are sensitized. PMID- 7228432 TI - The cellular infiltrate in experimental allergic and toxic contact dermatitis. Effect of systemically administered corticosteroids. AB - The effect of systemically administered corticosteroids on allergic and toxic contact dermatitis in the guinea pig was studied. Dermatitis was provoked with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The influence of corticosteroids on the sensitization phase was also investigated. The epicutaneous test reactions were assessed with the naked eye, low-power microscopy, and a method based on the counting of infiltrating cells in the upper corium. Prednisolone injected in a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight daily for 4 days starting on the 1st day of sensitization or the 1st day of testing tended to shorten the duration of the contract allergic skin reaction as seen with the naked eye. Microscopically, a decrease in the number of infiltrating basophil granulocytes was found. Prednisolone had no convincing influence on the toxic contract eczematous reaction macroscopically or microscopically. Responses to weakly toxic doses of DNCB tended to fade earlier and to show small displacements of granulocytes in the differential count of infiltrating cells compared to controls. The results suggest that prednisolone given systemically influences only slightly the inflammatory cell infiltration in contact dermatitis in the guinea pig. PMID- 7228433 TI - Early and late reactions in contact sensitivity in the mouse. AB - Several phases of plasma extravasation have been identified during the course of a contact sensitivity challenge reaction in mice. An early reaction at 1 h is seen which may be mast cell mediated. This is followed by the main phase of extravasation at 3-4 h. This phase is not seen in mice sensitized for less than 5 days and is transferable passively by serum. Between 8 and 15 h there is a prolonged period of moderately intense extravasation which represents the delayed hypersensitivity component of the reaction. Beyond 15 h there is virtually no further extravasation. PMID- 7228434 TI - Effects of basic proteins on spontaneous rosette formation between human lymphocytes and xenogeneic erythrocytes. AB - Two basic proteins (methylated human serum albumin, MHSA, and protamine sulphate, PS) were investigated for their modulatory capacities on a panel of human lymphocyte surface markers. MHSA and PS enhanced the spontaneous rosettes with mouse, sheep and horse erythrocytes, but did not affect the number of rosettes with zymosan particles coated with human complement, or with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit anti-sheep IgG antibody. Whereas the standard sheep (E) rosette test was not influenced by the negatively charged glycoprotein ceruloplasmin, this compound could, however, abolish the MHSA- and PS-induced enhancements of the number of sheep rosettes. By double marker studies it was furthermore demonstrated that a subset of B cells was induced by MHSA to form E rosettes, and that the same agent increased the number of B cells forming mouse rosettes, so that nearly all B cells were made positive for this marker. PMID- 7228435 TI - Effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 and friend erythroleukemia virus infection of IgE antibody responses to Ascaris antigen in mice. AB - The IgE response to Ascaris antigen, as measured by passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions, was suppressed in mice infected with either herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) or Friend leukemia virus (FV). FV was not suppressive unless infection preceded immunization whereas HSV-2 infection was immunosuppressive before or after immunization. However, the suppression by HSV-2 was relatively short-lived. PMID- 7228436 TI - Areal distribution of the discomfort index in Israel. PMID- 7228437 TI - The Discomfort Index, mortality and the London summers of 1976 and 1978. PMID- 7228438 TI - Weather patterns and asthma epidemics in New York City and New Orleans, U.S.A. PMID- 7228439 TI - Effect of chronic hypoxia on the capillarity of dog skeletal muscle. PMID- 7228440 TI - Weekly headache periodicity and the effect of weather changes on headache. PMID- 7228441 TI - Body water metabolism in high altitude natives during and after a stay at sea level. PMID- 7228443 TI - Influence of air ions on brain activity induced by electrical stimulation in the rat. PMID- 7228444 TI - Influence of artificial air ionization on the electroencephalogram of the awake rat. PMID- 7228442 TI - Effects of air ions on some aspects of learning and memory of rats and mice. PMID- 7228445 TI - Abstracts of the seventeenth annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Biometeorology, Osaka, 21-22 November 1978. PMID- 7228446 TI - Cardiovascular effects of mianserin and amitriptyline in healthy volunteers. AB - 10 healthy volunteers were randomized in two groups and treated with mianserin and amitriptyline for 6 days. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and blood levels of the drugs were measured daily. ECG and left-ventricular echocardiogram as a parameter of contractility were registered before as well as after 3 and 6 days of treatment with both drugs. The most striking result of our investigation was that amitriptyline-treated subjects showed a loss of myocardial contractility (-17% of the initial value) after 6 days of treatment; mianserin was ineffective in this respect. After both mianserin and amitriptyline an increase of the mean arterial blood pressure was observed; an increased heart rate was seen only in the amitriptyline group. No alterations in the parameters calculated from the ECG registrations were found in either group. The inability of mianserin to decrease cardiac contractility in the therapeutic dose range may favor this tetracyclic antidepressant over the tricyclic compound amitriptyline, especially in patients with cardiac disease. PMID- 7228448 TI - Plasma levels of trimethoprim and sulfonamide after administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim-sulfamoxole. AB - In a cross-over study with ten healthy volunteers, the plasma levels of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfonamides were compared using orally given trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX: Septra) and trimethoprim-sulfamoxole (TMP-SMO: Supristol) in recommended doses. The dosage schedule for TMP-SMX was 2 tablets every 12 h for nine doses, and for TMP-SMO it was 2 tablets as in the first dose, followed by 1 tablet every 12 h for eight more doses. Serial plasma levels of TMP and sulfonamides after the first dose of each of the two products showed no significant differences. However, after the ninth dose of each product, the paired t test revealed significantly higher levels of TMP and sulfonamides after TMP-SMX as compared with TMP-SMO. PMID- 7228447 TI - Physostigmine salicylate as an antidote. AB - Most poisonings with anticholinergics deal with simple cases without diagnostic or therapeutic difficulties; however, in difficult or unclarified cases a new method for diagnosis and treatment is the antidote physostigmine salicylate. Within 15 minutes after application of 2 mg of the antidote the central anticholinergic symptoms disappear, such as respiratory depression, coma, cramps and hallucinations as do the peripheral anticholinergic symptoms as cardiac rhythm disturbance, dry mouth and red dry skin. No fatal overdose with anticholinergic drugs occurs if the antidote is given in time. PMID- 7228449 TI - Analog computer monitoring and evaluation of a dosing nomogram for gentamicin based on the C'min-method, part II. AB - Present methods for dosing gentamicin are based on usual doses or desired peak concentrations. The effective range is believed to be between 3 and 10 micrograms/ml. A method is proposed to maintain the minimum steady state concentration at a desired MIC with peak concentrations not exceeding 10 micrograms/ml. After determination of the log serum creatinine-log creatinine clearance relationship in a specific population group (Peruvian mestizos), a nomogram for dosing gentamicin was developed. The applicability of the nomogram or the corresponding equation upon which the nomogram was based was tested in patients for desired MIC of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 micrograms/ml, and the actual c'min values obtained were compared with predicted levels. Using a correction factor, the nomogram is applicable for the United States and European population. The importance of drug level monitoring is emphasized. PMID- 7228450 TI - Administration o gentamicin to obese patients. AB - The relation beteen a single bolus dose of gentamicin and the subsequent concentration in serum was studied in 17 obese patients with 82.7% excess weight and in 10 normal-weight patients. The apparent volume of distribution (AVD) for gentamicin in the two groups was calculated. In the obese group the AVD (17.7%) was found to be significantly lower than in the normal-weight group (23.2%). The AVD for the adipose tissue and the lean body mass was calculated to be 10.3% and 31.0%, respectively. The uptake of gentamicin in adipose tissue was found to be 43.7% of the uptake in the total body mass of normal-weight patients. A formula which indicates an adjudged body weight is recommended when the proper dose of gentamicin for obese patients is calculated. The formula is recommended only in cases of severe obesity. PMID- 7228451 TI - Serum and lung tissue levels of fosfomycin in humans. AB - Fosfomycin levels were determined in the serum and the lung tissue removed during 26 pulmonary operations following intramuscular or intravenous administration of 2 g fosfomycin. In the serum the level was about 32 micrograms/ml 1--2 h subsequent to the administration. At the same time, the removed lung tissue showed 12--16 micrograms/g concentration in the apparently intact parts, amounting to 32--52% of the serum level, whereas in the tumorous lung tissue roughly half of this concentration was present. The fosfomycin levels found in the lung tissue are effective only against a group of bacteria causing respiratory inflammation. PMID- 7228452 TI - Alcohol-induced biphasic background and stimulus-elicited EEG changes in relation to blood alcohol levels. AB - The effects of 0.8 g alcohol kg-1 on CNS processes as reflected in EEG changes were studied in controlled experiments in 14 subjects in relation to BAC levels. A Two Period Change-Over Design with repeated trials over time allowed us to ascertain the time course and to isolate alcohol-induced changes from diurnal variations and effects of sequence and period. Based on spectral analysis of analog EEG recordings, the study has shown differential patterns of bi-phasic or tri-phasic alcohol-induced EEG changes over time in a number of parameters in background and in stimulus-elicited EEG responses varying with the BAC level and the metabolic phase of alcohol biotransformation. An increase in alpha activity during the absorption phase, a shift in the median of the total spectral power to the right (upwards), a decrease in slow activity in the delta and theta bands, and a decrease in variability of the background EEG on one hand and a reduction in stimulus-elicited EEg responses in total spectral alpha, theta and delta bands on the other are all interpreted as a stimulating excitatory effect during the absorption phase, parallel to the increase in BAC. The reverse pattern in the first part of the elimination phase infers a decrease in cerebral activation reflecting the sedative, depressant action of alcohol in this phase. The effects observed in the last trial, to a certain extent interpreted as stimulating, were simultaneous with the beginning of the post-alcohol hangover phase. PMID- 7228453 TI - Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on plasma lipids and on post-heparin lipase activities. AB - Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was administered orally at the dose of 3 g a day for 2 days to healthy subjects. Plasma free fatty acids, serum triglycerides and prebetalipoproteins were significantly decreased, while cholesterol, beta and alpha 1 lipoproteins did not change. The two fractions (protamine-resistant and protamine-inactivated) of plasma post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity (PHLA) significantly fell after ASA. PHLA diminution was reproduced by direct addition of ASA or sodium salicylate or of plasma from individuals under treatment with ASA to post-heparin plasma of untreated subjects and is, therefore, explained by a direct inactivation. The inhibition of PHLA was not followed by a significant impairment of the removal of circulating triglycerides. PMID- 7228454 TI - Pharmacokinetics of dihydroergotamine in healthy volunteers and in neurological patients after a single intravenous injection. AB - The pharmacokinetics of dihydroergotamine (DHE) was studied in healthy volunteers (n = 6) and in neurological patients (n = 12). After a single 1.0 mg intravenous injection (n = 5) DHE quickly disappeared (T 1/2 beta = 32.9 min, Vdss = 0.33 liter/kg, Cltot = 1055.7 ml/min). In saliva (dose 1.0 mg, n =6) and cerebrospinal fluid (dose 0.5 mg, n =12) there were no measurable amounts of DHE after a single i.v. dose. The 32-h cumulative urinary excretion was 0.02-0.04% of the 1.0 mg intravenous dose. In one subject renal (0.18 ml/min) and extrarenal (692.9 ml/min) clearance of DHE was calculated. According to our results DHe is probably eliminated mainly by hepatic metabolism. The pharmacokinetic properties of DHE indicate a fast clinical response without a cumulative action. PMID- 7228455 TI - Absorption of theophylline from conventional and sustained-release tablets. AB - Healthy adults were treated in periods of 4 days with fast-dissolving theophylline tablets (Oxyphyllin, Draco, Sweden) and sustained-release tablets (Theo-Dur, Draco, Sweden). To some of the volunteers a single dose of i.v. aminophyllamine was administered. The absorption of theophylline, calculated from single dose administration of uncoated tablets (Oxyphyllin) was completed within 2 hrs, whereas the absorption from sustained-release tablets (Theo-Dur) continued for 12 hrs. There was no significant difference in bioavailability between aminophylline i.v., Oxyphyllin tablets and Theo-Dur tablets. The slow-release tablet gave a stable plasma level in steady state that implies the possibility of using 12-hr dosage intervals and still achieving a stable theophylline concentration in steady state with a small difference between peak and trough concentrations. This investigation shows that it is possible to simulate the plasma concentration of theophylline in steady state by means of oral administration, using the simple one-compartment model calculated from data registered after a single i.v. dose. PMID- 7228456 TI - Digoxin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid-a study carried out after 9 days of treatment of beta-methyldigoxin or beta-acetyldigoxin. AB - Two groups of seven healthy volunteers were treated for 9 days with either 0.3 mg beta-methyldigoxin or 0.4 mg beta-acetyldigoxin daily, applied orally. On the 10th day, digoxin concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined by radioimmunoassay. After therapy with beta-methyldigoxin the plasma/CSF digoxin concentration ratio was 3.7:1; after therapy with beta acetyldigoxin it was 3.2:1. There was no significant difference in the plasma/CSF digoxin concentration ratio after 9 days of treatment with equipotent doses of beta-methyldigoxin and beta-acetyldigoxin. PMID- 7228457 TI - Increased danger of bone marrow damage in simultaneous azathioprine-allopurinol therapy. AB - Two renal transplant recipients with reversible bone marrow damage in the course of a simultaneous azathioprine-allopurinol therapy are discussed. Anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were found in both patients. Discontinuation of the azathioprine-allopurinol treatment was followed by increase of hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, white blood cells and platelets. Interaction of azathioprine and allopurinol seems to be responsible for bone marrow damage in these patients. It can be concluded that the dose of azathioprine should be reduced when allopurinol is given concomitantly. PMID- 7228458 TI - Prescribing habits in internal medicine. PMID- 7228459 TI - The development of the normal infantile hip as expressed by radiological measurements. AB - Acetabular and centre edge angles were measured on normal radiographs of 164 children (328 hips) aged from three months to five years. Using regression and correlation analysis, mathematical formulae were derived which allow the calculation of the normal acetabular and centre edge angles for a given age. The relationship between age, acetabular angle and centre edge angle was studied. PMID- 7228461 TI - Complications in surface replacement arthroplasty of the hip: experience with the Paltrinieri-Trentani prosthesis. AB - A method of surface replacement arthroplasty of the hip joint is described for use in selected patients, often in the younger age group. One hundred and forty patients were reviewed after a mean interval of four years. Seventy-two per cent were graded 5 or 6 on the Charnley scale, the remainder had symptoms due to femoral neck fracture or loosening of the prosthetic components. In the main the bad results were attributed to incorrect patient selection or technical imperfections with the operative technique. The advantages of the operation are no alteration in the relationship of the femoral head, neck and acetabulum and minimal interference with the surrounding muscle and soft tissues. The amount of implanted material is reduced and no entry is made into the femoral medullary canal, which facilitates any further revision surgery that may be necessary. PMID- 7228460 TI - Congenital hip dislocation and dysplasia in Southern Chinese. AB - In 1975 we carried out a survey in Hong Kong to locate Chinese children with congenital dislocation of the hip. Analysis of the available records between 1960 and 1975 gave an observed incidence which was at least 10 times less than found in Caucasians. The age and sex distribution, radiographic findings and the left sided predominance were similar to Caucasians with congenital dislocation of the hip. However, unlike Caucasian children, the Chinese presented with dislocation and not dysplasia. The mothers of children with congenital dislocation of the hip were compared with a control group with normal children to assess their use of the "Hong Kong" position, in which the children are carried on the back of their mother with their hips in a position of wide abduction. Since only half of the children in either group were carried in this manner, other factors must be responsible for the low incidence of congenital dislocation of the hip in southern Chinese. PMID- 7228462 TI - Conservative operations for pelvic bone tumours. AB - This paper outlines our experience of partial pelvic resection for benign tumours or those of low grade malignancy. The entire half of the pelvis may be removed with preservation of the limb. Pelvic resection must only be undertaken when the surgeon is sure that the removal of the tumour will be as radical as in an inter ilio abdominal amputation. Various methods of creating rest for the superior end of the femur against the remaining parts of the pelvic bones are shown. Special attention is devoted to preservation of the limb movement and restoration of the locomotor function of the leg. PMID- 7228463 TI - Fractures Involving the Distal Epiphyseal plate of the femur. AB - Forty-two fractures involving the distal femoral epiphyseal plate in 41 patients were reviewed. The average age at injury was 11.2 years. The follow up period ranged from one year to 20.3 years, with an average of 6.3 years. The Salter Harris classification of epiphyseal plate injures proved to be a good indicator of the mechanism of injury and prognosis. Using stringent criteria to classify the end results, 2 out of 3 of the total group and 3 out of 4 of 29 Salter-Harris Type I and Type II injuries had good or excellent results. Type V crushing injuries of the growth plate, open injuries, fractures caused by high velocity motor vehicle accidents with severe displacement or multiple associated fractures, and incompletely reduced epiphyseal injuries gave only poor or fair results. Major problems responsible for poor or fair results were varus or valgus angulation, loss of joint motion and shortening due to premature epiphyseal closure. Orthoradiographs revealed the presence of some degree of shortening in 20 of 29 Salter-Harris Type I and Type II injuries which averaged 1.0 cm, but was of no clinical significance in most patients. These injuries must be reduced accurately. In the Type II epiphyseal separations unsatisfactory results were due to inadequate reduction or to associated injuries. PMID- 7228464 TI - The areas of contact pressure in the patello-femoral joint. AB - The development of damage to the articular cartilage of the patello-femoral joint depends on many factors. Pathological distribution of pressure in the joint may be one such cause. Direct measurement is required to clarify the question of low and high pressure in this joint. A pressure measuring plate has been made in the form of an air cushion which enables the measurement both of pressure and contact area in the knee joint. Tests using three cadaver knee joints and the results are described. PMID- 7228465 TI - The differential diagnosis of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. AB - The key to the solution of this problem lies in the differential diagnosis. There are at least four dysplastic lesions of the congentially bowed tibia (with or without cysts) which have quite different behaviour patterns. There are also six different types of true congenital pseudarthrosis which exhibit similar differences in behaviour and response to treatment. PMID- 7228467 TI - [Approach to a definition of mal-union callus after Pouteau-Colles fractures (author's transl)]. AB - Sixty-four patients with a Pouteau-Colles fracture of the wrist were reviewed. Different aspects of mal-union are correlated with subsequent function. A suitable classification is proposed. PMID- 7228468 TI - The prevention of iatrogenic spinal cord injury utilizing the evoked spinal cord potential. AB - The evoked spinal cord potential elicited by direct stimulation of the cord has been used clinically to monitor cord function in the course of operations on the spine. The technique used allows measurement of a relatively large amplitude of potential, which is fairly stable against anaesthetics and related drugs, by means of a simple recording system and is sensitive enough to indicate cord damage. Continuous monitoring can easily be carried out. We have encountered no complications when using this method on 99 patients. PMID- 7228469 TI - The monitoring of ozone immissions in rural and urban areas. AB - It has been shown, by a statistical study of the concentrations of ozone in air as measured by two monitoring stations--one being situated in an urban and the other a rural area--that photochemical smog episodes to occur. The ratio O3 urban/O3 rural is normally less than 1. This ratio, however, has been shown to be greater than 1, when certain conditions prevail, notably on days of high solar radiation and low velocity winds. At nigh-time, in the absence of photochemical reactions, the higher concentrations of ozone observed in town as opposed to the country side has been attributed to air transport phenomena. PMID- 7228466 TI - Degenerative lesions of the accessory plantar ligaments. AB - Degeneration and disintegration of the accessory plantar ligaments occur in the absence of local inflammatory disease. The gross and histological changes are described. These lesions are associated with metatarsalgia, deformities of the metatarsophalangeal joints and the development of the convex anterior metatarsal arch. The connection between these three is explained. PMID- 7228470 TI - Effects of a high protein very-low-energy diet on ambulatory subjects with special reference to nitrogen balance. AB - Forty young healthy ambulatory volunteers were given a very-low-energy diet (2.34 MJ, 560 kcal) containing 70 g of proteins of good biological value, 36 g carbohydrates, 2 g potassium, 0.5 g sodium, polyvitamins and 21 water. The nitrogen balance reached equilibrium on the 8th day. No risk factors were found. These results were compared with 4000 cases collected over 12 years. The latter were given a protein diet with neither salt nor carbohydrates. The addition of salts and carbohydrates resulted only in an increase of the subjects' comfort. The analysis of deaths occurring in the U.S.A. after protein diets lead to the conclusion that these very probably linked to the duration of the protein diet, the poor biological value of proteins provided, the insufficiency in potassium intake. The conditions for a safe use of a very-low-energy diet, are a large intake of proteins of good biological value, a large intake of potassium and probably small intake of carbohydrates and sodium. PMID- 7228471 TI - The regenerating fascial sheath in lipectomized Osborne-Mendel rats: morphological and biochemical indices of adipocyte differentiation and proliferation. AB - We investigated the cellular and enzymatic changes that occur as adipose tissue regenerates following bilateral lipectomy of Osborne-Mendel rats. At 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days after surgery regenerating fascial sheaths regrowing at the site of the inguinal fat depots were fixed in situ and removed for studies of cellular and tissue morphology at both light and electron microscopic levels. Additional tissue from some animals was prepared for measurement of thymidine kinase and lipoprotein lipase activity. Six days after surgery, fascial sheaths had regrown at the site and contained a few mature unilocular adipocytes as well as numerous other cells, some of which contained non-membrane bound lipid droplets, and which were tentatively identified as pre-adipoblasts and adipoblasts. Over the period from day 6 to day 14 the number of unilocular adipocytes in the tissue doubled and the average cell size increased. These changes in cellular morphology were accompanied by correlative changes in enzyme activity. PMID- 7228473 TI - Changes in thyroid hormones in obese women following jejuno-ileal bypass surgery. AB - The serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3'5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) in 10 massively obese women were studied before and at intervals for one year after jejuno-ileal bypass operation. A significant rise in T3 (P less than 0.01) over the immediately preoperative value, a significant fall in rT3 (P less than 0.01) but no significant change in T4 was found during the post-recovery follow-up period. It is concluded that maintaining a relatively high T3 level following jejuno-ileal bypass surgery may contribute to the substantial weight reduction achieved by patients after this operation. PMID- 7228475 TI - The effect of selection of both sire and dam on the response of F1 generation lambs to vaccination with irradiated Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae. PMID- 7228472 TI - Tubular proteinuria following jejuno-ileal bypass surgery. AB - By means of immunonephelometry, determinations of a number of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) proteins in urine and serum were undertaken in 42 consecutive patients, who had been subjected to jejuno-ileal bypass surgery for treatment of massive obesity two to six years before the study. Five patients demonstrated a distinct LWM proteinuira, ie excessive excretion of free-light lamdba and kappa chains of immunoglobulin and beta-2 microglobulin. The creatinine clearance was normal in four of these five patients. This LMW-proteinuria group differed from the remaining 37 patients in several respects. First, they had lost weight more effectively (P less than 0.01); secondly, they exhibited secondary hyperparathyroidism (P less than 0.05), increased levels of alkaline phosphatase and low serum concentrations of bicarbonate (P less than 0.001). It is suggested that LMW proteinuria may be a manifestation of secondary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7228474 TI - Ephedrine as an anorectic: the story of the 'Elsinore pill'. AB - Obese patients, age 18-60 years, overweight 20-80 per cent, entered a controlled, clinical study comparing the effects of two anorectic drugs, ie a prescription containing ephedrine and caffein ('Elsinore pills') and diethylpropion, with placebo. All 132 patients were instructed in a 1200-kcal diet, and 108 patients completed 12 weeks' treatment. There was a significantly better effect on body weight of diethylpropion (39 patients, median weight loss 8.4 kg, P less than 0.01) as well as of 'Elsinore pills' (38 patients, median weight loss 8.1 kg, P less than 0.01) compared to the effect of placebo treatment ( 31 patients, median weight loss 4.1 kg). Four patients treated with diethylpropion, and four patients treated with 'Elsionore pills' were withdrawn because of complaints of exaltation, tremor and insomnia. Tremor, in some cases only transient, was significantly more frequent in the 'Elsinore pill' group, but no serious side effects were observed. PMID- 7228477 TI - Age-associated responses in susceptible and resistant rats to infection with Fasciola hepatica. PMID- 7228476 TI - The impact of refugia on the development of thiabendazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus. PMID- 7228478 TI - Studies of the responses of basophil and eosinophil leucocytes and mast cells to the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis: comparison of cell populations in parasite resistant and susceptible guinea-pigs. PMID- 7228480 TI - Kinetics of primary and secondary infections with Strongyloides ratti in mice. PMID- 7228479 TI - Echinococcus granulosus: diagnosis of human hydatid disease by the indirect haemoagglutination reaction with antigens from hydatid fluid and scoleces. PMID- 7228481 TI - Histopathological appearances in primary and secondary infections with Strongyloides ratti in mice. PMID- 7228482 TI - Properties of a trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor secreted by larval Taenia pisiformis. PMID- 7228483 TI - The migratory behaviour and survival pattern of Ancylostoma caninum larvae in an adoptively immunised host. PMID- 7228486 TI - The temperature and humidity preferences of Haemaphysalis longicornis, Ixodes holocyclus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Ixodidae): studies on engorged larvae. PMID- 7228485 TI - The location of parasites within their hosts: factors affecting longitudinal distribution of Trichinella spiralis in the small intestine of mice. PMID- 7228484 TI - The location of parasites within their hosts: bile and the site selection behaviour of Nematospiroides dubius. PMID- 7228487 TI - Cyclic peptides. X. Bitter taste and chymotryptic hydrolysis of cyclic depsidipeptides containing a tryptophan residue. AB - Four stereoisomers (I-LL, I-LD, I-DL and I-DD) of a cyclic depsidipeptide (I) containing a tryptophan and a 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid residue were synthesized, and their taste and chymotryptic susceptibility were examined. Compound I-LL is a depsipeptide analog of a bitter principle BP-II, cyclo(-L-Trp L-Leu-), obtained from casein hydrolyzate. All of the four stereoisomers of I are strongly bitter to taste. Another depsipeptide analog, L-aspartyl-L-2-hydroxy-3 phenylpropanoic acid methyl ester, of the sweet H-L-Asp-L-Phe-OMe showed bitter taste instead of sweet. Chymotrypsin hydrolyzed I-LL and I-LD in moderate rates, and I-DL and I-DD very slowly. PMID- 7228488 TI - Antifreeze glycoprotein. Conformational model based on vacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism data. AB - Circular dichroism spectra (CD) of an active fraction of antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) and of a lower molecular weight fraction which is less active are found to be similar in the wavelength range 170-230 nm. The contribution of the disaccharide side chain chromophores to the CD spectra of the glycoprotein is estimated from spectra of model oligosaccharides having similar structures. Comparison of the CD spectra of the peptide portion of AFGP to those of established model polypeptides suggests a 3-fold left-handed helix of the collagen type as the most likely conformation of the peptide. In the proposed model, the disaccharide moieties attached to every third residue are in identical environments. Furthermore, proline residues which are found in the less active fraction can be accommodated in this helical structure, consistent with the observed similarity of the spectra of the two fractions. PMID- 7228489 TI - Conformation characterization of cyclopentapeptide, L.Val-L.Pro-Gly-L.Val-Gly: a repeating analogue of elastin. AB - The cyclopentapeptide, L.Val1-L.Pro2-Gly3-L.Val4-Gly5, was synthesized and its conformational characterization was carried out using n.m.r. and theoretical energy calculations. The n.m.r. studies indicated the existence of a cis Val1 Pro2 peptide bond in water and a very strong intramolecular H-bond between the val1 NH and Gly3 C=O groups. This H-bond forms a beta-turn (type II) placing Val4 and Gly5 residues within the turn. Two minimum energy conformations were derived, one of which agrees very well with the solution conformation. PMID- 7228490 TI - Primary structure of the active tryptic fragments of human and monkey salivary anionic proline-rich proteins. AB - The primary structures of the four human salivary anionic proline-rich proteins and an analogous protein from the saliva of a monkey (Macaca arctoides) have been further investigated. These proteins possess the unusual property of inhibiting crystal growth of calcium phosphate salts, and it has been proposed that they play an important role in the mouth, by preventing precipitation of calcium phosphate salts from the supersaturated saliva. The tryptic fragments responsible for this activity have been isolated from all five proteins and their complete amino acid sequences determined and compared. These active fragments have been unequivocally identified as the amino-terminal segment in all five proteins. The structures of the four human fragments are identical except for the presence of Asn at residue 4 in PRP-1 and -3 instead of Asp found in PRP-2 and -4. Comparison of the 30 residue human fragments with the monkey fragment shows 18 residues to be identical in these peptides, providing that residue 1 of the monkey fragment is aligned with residue 3 of the human proteins. Theses studies constitute the next step in determining the mechanism of action of these unusual proteins, and in determining their minimum chain length required for inhibitory activity. PMID- 7228492 TI - H N.M.R. study of the conformation of [Glu4] oxytocin and its lanthanide complexes in aqueous solution. AB - At 400 MHz the 1H chemical shifts, peptide NH-C alpha H coupling constants (JN alpha) and peptide hydrogen exchange rates of [Glu4] oxytocin in aqueous solution closely resemble those previously reported for oxytocin under comparable conditions, indicating that both the parent hormone and its analogue have similar conformations in this solvent. The hydrogen exchange data suggest a dynamic equilibrium between conformation(s) in which the peptide NH's of Asn5 and Cys6 are internally hydrogen bonded and conformation(s) in which these hydrogens are bonded to the solvent. [Glu4] oxytocin forms 1:1 complexes with lanthanide metal ions. The diamagnetic La3+ complex exhibits values of JN alpha very similar to those of the metal free hormone analogue, suggesting that coordination of the metal is accompanied by minimal perturbation of the peptide backbone. Specific average proton-metal distances estimated from Gd3+ induced paramagnetic relaxation effects indicate that the metal is probably coordinated to the Glu4 carboxyl group and the sidechain carbonyl of Asn5. Limiting shifts induced by binding of paramagnetic Yb3+ are also reported. PMID- 7228493 TI - Phylogeny of neurohypophyseal hormones. Vasopressin polymorphism in three kangaroo species. AB - The neurohypophyseal hormones of three species of Australian marsupials belonging to the family Macropodidae (Macropus rufus, Macropus giganteus, Macropus robustus) have been investigated. In these species three active peptides have been disclosed, one with oxytocic activity and two with pressor activity. The three hormones are present in all the individual glands which have been examined. Purification has been undertaken by ion-exchange chromatography and paper chromatoelectrophoresis. The more abundant of the pressor hormones (about 80% of the total pressor activity) has been identified as lysine-vasopressin by its biological properties, its chromatographic behaviour and its amino acid composition. The second pressor principle, more basic, has not yet been chemically characterized but its pharmacological properties and its chromatographic behaviour suggest that it is closely related or identical to arginine-vasopressin. Dimorphism of vasopressins seems peculiar to Metatheria since it has not been observed in Protheria and very rarely in Eutheria. PMID- 7228491 TI - Comparative study of the neurohypophyseal hormone [8-arginine]vasopressin and its analog [7-(3,4-dehydroproline), 8-arginine]vasopressin in aqueous solution. An examination of the nonlabile protons by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 7228494 TI - Isolation, characterization and amino acid sequence of beta-lipotropin from human pituitary glands. AB - Beta-Lipotropin has been purified to homogeneity from human pituitary glands. It consists of 89 amino acids with a molecular weight of 11 700. The lipolytic potency of the human hormone is identical to that of ovine beta-LPH. The amino acid sequence has been determined as follows: (see formula in text). When compared with the structure of the ovine hormone, the sequence at the NH2 terminal 33 residues exhibits considerable variability. PMID- 7228495 TI - Fluorescence and N.M.R. studies of the binding of cholinergic fluorescent probes to horse serum cholinesterase. AB - The interaction of the cholinergic fluorescent probes, 1-(5-dimethyl aminoaphthalene-1-sulfonamido) ethane-2-trimethylammonium perchlorate, 1-(5 dimethylaminoaphthalene-1-sulfonamido) pentane-5-trimethylammonium tartarate and 1-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonamido) decane-10- trimethylammonium tartarate with horse serum cholinesterase has been examined by fluorescence and n.m.r. methods. Fluorescence titrations show binding of the decane derivative to two sites on the protein whereas the lower homologs bind largely to one site. Active site inhibitors like carbamylcholine and decamethonium abolish binding of the decane derivative to the high affinity site. The inhibitors are largely without effect on the binding of the lower homologs. N.m.r. studies clearly establish immobilization of both ends of the molecule on binding in the case of the decane derivative, whereas in the lower homologs the dimethylamino group on the naphthalene ring is significantly more affected in the presence of enzyme. The probes are effective inhibitors of the enzyme with the decane derivative being two orders of magnitude more effective than its lower homologs. Based on the n.m.r., fluorescence and inhibition studies, a model for probe binding to the enzyme is advanced. It appears that the decane derivative binds with high affinity to the catalytic anionic site while the lower affinity site is assigned to a peripheral anionic site. The lower homologs probe only the peripheral site. A comparison of fluorescence, n.m.r. and inhibition studies with acetylcholinesterases from electric eel and bovine erythrocytes is presented. PMID- 7228496 TI - Preparation and conformational study of clupeine fragments. AB - Fragments of clupeines, YI, YII, and Z of divergent chain length and different amino acid composition were prepared by digestion with thermolysin and a mixture of carboxypeptidases A and B, and their conformational preferences examined as a function of pH, added salts, presence of a helix-supporting solvent, and temperature. All these highly basic oligopeptides adopt an essentially unordered conformation in aqueous solution. 2-Chloroethanol supports in various amounts the onset of the right-handed alpha-helical form in the carboxy-peptidase fragments. PMID- 7228497 TI - Studies on racemization during couplings using a series of model tripeptides involving activated residues with unfunctionalized side chains. AB - Racemization studies have been carried out using as model tests couplings of N benzyloxycarbonylglycyl-L-X with benzyl NE-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysinate followed by deprotection and analysis for the diastereomeric tripeptides with an amino acid analyzer, for X = alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine and isoleucine. The order of susceptibility to racemization of residues during these segment couplings depends on whether the solvent is polar or apolar, with isoleucyl and valyl, followed by phenylalanyl, being the most susceptible ones in polar solvents. The racemization depressing effect of some additives on carbodiimide mediated couplings has been examined. Reconciliation of apparent discrepancies in data in the literature on the relative merits of l-hydroxy-benzotriazole and N hydroxysuccinimide is made on the basis of the nature of the model tests used in acquiring the data. PMID- 7228498 TI - Fluorescence spectra of lysozyme excited at 305 NM in presence of urea. AB - Tryptophan 108 of hen egg white lysozyme was selectively excited at 305 nm and fluorescence spectra were recorded as a function of pH (2-9) and concentration of urea (0-8 M). Urea at low concentrations (1-4 M) quenches markedly the Trp 108 fluorescence around pH 7; the gamma max, however, remained unaltered. The fluorescence quenching by urea is most likely due to local conformational changes around Trp 108 in active site region of the enzyme. Substantial unfolding of the enzyme, however, was brought about by 4 M urea below pH 3, and by 7 M urea at pH 10.3, as indicated by a marked red shift in the gamma max of the fluorescence emission. PMID- 7228499 TI - Use of the chromogenic p-(p-(dimethylamino)phenylazo) benzyl (AZ) ester in the synthesis of leu-enkephalin. AB - Solution synthesis of Leu-enkephalin has been achieved using the coloured carboxyl protecting p-(p-(dimethylamino)phenylazo)benzyl moiety throughout the synthesis. The intense colour of this protecting group allowed facile purification of protected intermediates on silica gel or ion exchange columns and visualisation on thin-layer chromatography. The chromogenic p-(p (dimethylamino)phenylazo)benzyl ester group readily withstands successive treatments with 25% trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane yet is cleanly removed by catalytic hydrogenation. PMID- 7228500 TI - Analytical isotachophoresis in peptide chemistry. I. Analysis of anions in peptides. AB - The application of analytical capillary, carrier-free isotachophoresis as a rapid method (approx. 10-15 min per run) for the simultaneous determination of anions present in peptides (as counterion, contaminating ion or peptide anion) is described. Only small amounts of material, approx. 0.1-1.0 mg, are necessary to obtain information on the nature of the anion (qualitative) and of the amount of anion present (quantitative aspect). PMID- 7228501 TI - Synthesis of dermorphins, a new class of opiate-like peptides. AB - H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2 (dermorphin) and H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Hyp Ser-NH2 (Hyp6-dermorphin) are two members of a new class of opiate-like peptides present in the amphibian skin. Their syntheses and that of the L-Ala2-analogue of dermorphin have been accomplished by conventional segment condensation in solution. PMID- 7228502 TI - Peptide segment coupling in aqueous medium: silver ion activation of the thiolcarboxyl group. AB - The use of the thiolcarboxyl function for the assemblage of deblocked peptide segments in aqueous medium has been investigated. The C-terminal thiolcarboxyl peptide Ac-Tyr-Arg-Arg-Glu-Arg-Gly-SH (2a) has been synthesized by the solid phase method. The silver compound of peptide 2a was coupled to H-Phe-Ala-Glu-Gly OH in 50% aqueous dimethylformamide to give a 40% yield of Ac-Tyr-Arg-Arg-Glu-Arg Gly-Phe-Ala-Glu-Gly-OH. PMID- 7228503 TI - Histopathologic evaluation of adhesive properties of early lesions in diathermy and cryopexy. AB - We examined the histopathologic appearance of both cryopexy and diathermy lesions, ten to 60 minutes after application in the rabbit retina. Both lesions showed immediate subretinal fluid accumulation. Thus we would not substantiate the speculation that a diathermy lesion might have greater immediate adhesive strength than a cryotherapy lesion. This explains the clinical experience that retina tends to slip with either modality when trying to treat giant retinal tears. PMID- 7228504 TI - Some improvements on the Nikon high magnification photo slit-lamp camera. AB - We studied a digital data recording system and a slip-in diaphragm plate on the Nikon high magnification photo slit-lamp camera. This last improvement with the camera gives better endothelium photographs without the disturbing epithelial reflex. PMID- 7228505 TI - General anaesthesia for artificial lens implantation. PMID- 7228506 TI - Chorioretinal dysplasia in young subjects with Wagner's hereditary vitreoretinal degeneration. AB - Six young patients from three pedigrees with Wagner's disease were submitted to fluorescein angiography of the peripheral fundus. All eyes showed aberrant areas, characterized by: 1. localization principally in equatorial region of temporal half of the fundus. 2. whitish appearance of neuroretina with sharp demarcations. 3. absence of retinal vasculature. 4. marked atrophy of choriocapillaris and retinal pigment epithelium. 5. abnormal deflections of retinal vessels at the posterior margin of these areas. Arguments are presented in support of the hypothesis that these areas were dysplastic and not degenerative. The difference with lattice degeneration, another wellknown finding in Wagner's disease, is that retinal vasculature never developed in the dysplastic peripheral areas. It is probable that hypoplasia of the choroid has led to a too inferior structure of the overlying retina to permit development of retinal vessels. The frequent occurrence of retinal breaks in young patients with Wagner's disease, especially in the temporal periphery, seems to be a consequence of the poor condition of the retina in these dysplastic areas caused by the inferior development of both retinal and choroidal vasculature. PMID- 7228507 TI - H.L.A. antigens in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. AB - One hundred and four patients with diabetes mellitus present for at least 15 years were tissue typed for HLA antigens AI and B8. Fifty six patients had severe proliferative retinopathy and 48 patients no retinopathy. The results were compared with a group of 200 normal blood donors. There was no significant difference in frequency of AI and B8 between the two groups od diabetic patients. The HLA pattern A-I B+8 was more frequently present among the group of patients with proliferative retinopathy. PMID- 7228508 TI - Fluorescein iris angiography in nodular sarcoid iritis. AB - The value of fluorescein iris angiography in the diagnosis and follow-up of nodular sarcoid iritis was studied in five patients with nodular iritis and histologically verified generalized sarcoidosis. On the angiograms the sarcoid nodules appeared as hyperfluorescent patches which always exceeded the number of nodules seen by biomicroscopy. Fresh iris nodules were characterized by mild diffuse fluorescence and dilatation and leakage of the adjacent vessels whereas old granulomas were covered by tortuous neovascular vessels which in the active stage of the disease leaked fluorescein profusely. After recovery or between recurrent attacks the amount of leakage decreased or stopped although the neovascular network did not disappear. At recurrences new areas of fluorescence due to fresh nodules were observed in addition to intense leakage from some of the previous lesions. Most of the small nodules were situated in the pupillary part of the iris resulting in dilatation and abnormal permeability of all the peripupillary vessels. The weakness of absence or diffuse leakage from the radial vessels of the iris agrees with the proliferative nature of sarcoid nodular iritis and explains the low-grade symptoms of the patients. PMID- 7228509 TI - Medical origins of psychiatric emergencies: the systems approach. PMID- 7228510 TI - Pediatric liaison psychiatry: a forum for separation and loss. AB - Separation and loss issues arise frequently in pediatric hospital settings. Three forms of psychiatry/psychology liaison are presented which demonstrate: 1. case centered collaboration to address child and family concerns about death; 2. team centered activities which link family and staff roles in the course of terminal illness; and 3. the development of a program mechanism to meet the needs of staff "survivors" of recurrent childhood deaths. These examples illustrate the enrichment which pediatric psychiatry/psychology liaison program offer when the conceptual model of liaison service and teaching operates flexibly on case, team, and program levels. PMID- 7228511 TI - A single sample study of dissociation between expressed and experienced pleasure by gender in mild depression. AB - Thirty male and thirty female adult subjects were divided equally into three groups on the basis of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; mildly depressed (50-63), normal (40-49), and "low normal" (20-39). Observer ratings of positive affect were made during a one and one-half hour laboratory experiment, and self ratings of pleasurable experience were collected at the end of the experiment. Results showed no significant differences between groups for self-report of experienced pleasure. However, a significant difference between groups was found for observer ratings of positive affect, with the mildly depressed and "low normal" subjects showing a shorter duration and a lower degree of positive affect than the normals. These results partially replicate and extended previous work. Implications for theory, research, and psychotherapy are discussed. PMID- 7228512 TI - Conjoint patient-staff interview in hospital case management. PMID- 7228513 TI - Trace element detection by the particle induced X-ray emission process. PMID- 7228514 TI - Effect of altered thyroid states on tissue uptake of 113mIn in the mouse. PMID- 7228516 TI - The local actual-to-maximum uptake ratio in the interpretation of 102Ti scintigrams in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7228515 TI - Mechanism of labeling of neutrophils and macrophages with 99mTc-sulfur colloid. PMID- 7228517 TI - A new radioimmunoassay of serum ferritin: use of 125I-labeled human spleen antigen and a solid phase second antibody. PMID- 7228518 TI - The effect of vehicle on the tissue distribution profiles of radioiodinated cholesterol esters in the rat. PMID- 7228519 TI - Iodine-123-iododeoxyuridine: a potential indicator of tumour response to treatment. PMID- 7228521 TI - Assessment of hepatic tissue blood flow with 133Xe clearance technique. PMID- 7228520 TI - Binding of noradrenaline to bovine serum albumin. PMID- 7228522 TI - Experimental studies on uptake of 99mTc-antimony sulfide colloid in RES--a comparison with various 99mTc-colloids. PMID- 7228523 TI - Scintigraphic tumor localization in mice with radioiodinated anti-Clostridium antibodies. PMID- 7228524 TI - The role of ferritin in the in vivo localization of Gallium-67. PMID- 7228525 TI - Apparent normality and feigned sociopathy. AB - Attention is called to conscious episodes of mild sociopathy by technically normal individuals who are experiencing identification difficulties with their groups or substructures. These deliberately engineered episodes appear to represent distress signals to gain more attention and involvement from counsellors. The cases described involved behavioral hypochondria rather than mental or physical symptoms. Feigned sociopathy could be a surface manifestation of more serious psychological or social problems. PMID- 7228526 TI - Heterosexual relationships of psychiatric patients established during their treatment. AB - Thirteen cases of sexual partnership established during psychiatric treatment, where both partners suffered from a psychotic disorder, were studied. Poor selection of a mate, in terms of excessive differences of their ages, educational background and social status can be viewed as one facet of behaviour affected by mental illness. No patients derived support from such relationships, nor were stabilizing effects on the patients' psychopathology observed. It seems a fully justified conclusion that such relationships cannot be viewed as positive with respect to the stabilization of the patients' mental conditions and that they should be discouraged. PMID- 7228528 TI - Prolonged hospital treatment of patients in families other than their own. PMID- 7228527 TI - Experiences in teaching psychodynamic orientation. AB - In clinical psychiatric practice, the use of various psychotherapeutic techniques is a useful therapeutic tool in its own right and a helpful adjunct to other forms of treatment. Training of post-graduate students of psychiatry in the practical use of psychotherapeutic and related psychodynamic principles is of prime necessity. Where, for various reasons, the use of the medical model of management dominates clinical practice, the task of supplementing it with a psychotherapeutic approach faces considerable resistance. A brief account of the author's efforts in introducing a psychodynamic orientation is such a situation, and his experiences and observations, are presented and discussed. PMID- 7228529 TI - Class, religious participation and psychiatric symptomology. AB - The theories of Marx and Freud suggest that religion can reduce psychiatric symptomology by promoting authoritarian submission. Previous research is inconclusive. Data from a community survey is analyzed with controls for agreeing response-set bias, social desirability bias, and with tests for curvilinearity. It is found that authoritarianism is not related to either religious participation or denomination, nor is psychiatric symptomology related to participation or denomination. Authoritarianism is not related to symptomology. Lower class position is the principle determinant of psychiatric symptomology. Religious participation, denomination, and authoritarianism have no real affect on this. This particular aspect of the theories of Marx and Freud is rejected. PMID- 7228530 TI - AMA discharge from a psychiatric inpatient unit. AB - This study examines AMA discharges from a psychiatric inpatient unit. Such discharges are found to occur with greater frequency (p .005) among individuals with alcoholism and character disorders. The AMA patients do not, however, seem to form a homogeneous group in themselves. This study identifies two subgroups of AMA patients: the "early" AMA and the "late" AMA, depending upon their length of stay in the hospital prior to AMA discharge. The demographic, clinical and psychodynamic differences between the two sub-groups are discussed. Some practical recommendations are made in regard to the prevention and management of AMA discharge requests. PMID- 7228531 TI - Problems related to the organization and opening of the first day hospital in Athens. AB - Problems in connection with the preparation and opening of the first Day Hospital in Athens are described, as well the difficulties created by local conditions. These problems are mainly related to our out-dated legislation, bureaucracy, public prejudice about the psychiatric patient, the lack of supplementary helping services and more general state care for the rehabilitation of psychiatric patients, as well as the fact that the single Day Hospital in Athens will be called upon to cover a very large sector of our population. PMID- 7228532 TI - Persuasion, simulation and attitude change. AB - The attitudes of nurses strongly influence the nature of nurse-patient dynamics. This investigation sought to determine whether two comparative treatment approaches utilizing persuasion and simulation gaming in group settings would appreciably affect attitudes toward mental illness and aging. Locus of control was also studied to determine whether internal or external orientation affected treatment responsively. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference for one factor (interpersonal etiology) of the opinions about mental illness scale. Confirmation of this difference was provided by a multivariate analysis, but no difference was found for attitudes toward old people or locus of control. PMID- 7228534 TI - Different steps in schizophrenic patients' rehabilitation. AB - The author revises different views and principles of rehabilitation, its connections with prevention and treatment. He tries to place it in the process of a schizophrenic patient's recuperation. In his opinion rehabilitation can be separated into different steps and the patient has by degrees to go through these forms of therapeutic methods and organizational facilities. Standing at the service of rehabilitation are special methods of therapies--as pharmaco--/long acting drugs/, psycho-/different forms of group psychotherapy/socio-/work, creativity, music, sport and so on/therapies and different in-patient and half way departments. These could be utilized only on the basis of careful theoretical planning and continuous control by the whole therapeutic team. Rehabilitation should be carried out as a process, starting in the admission ward but mainly done in an intermediate in-patient unit and/or in a half-way institute, but an only be completed by a follow-up. It is regarded first of all as a social activity, but without meantime neglecting any kind of medical measures. PMID- 7228533 TI - The treatment of adolescents and their parents in group settings in a psychiatric hospital. AB - This paper describes the structure, composition, function and treatment methods in an adolescent unit containing 16-20 patients, at the Shalvata Psychiatric Center. Treatment is based on organizing the adolescents in a group setting with organized activities. Description of group therapy with the adolescents, their families and group sessions of the team receives special emphasis. Our objectives went beyond a symptomatic improvement and were towards strengthening and integrating the personality. Emphasis was thus placed on creating a therapeutic and educational milieu conducive to new developmental as well as corrective emotional experiences, rather than on economy in length of hospitalization and therapeutic hours invested. This demanded considerably more investment in terms of period of hospitalization and number of personnel than was the usual practice with adult patients in the hospital. PMID- 7228535 TI - Stereotypes of mental illness. A test of the labelling hypothesis. AB - A questionnaire to discover the existence of stereotypes of mental illness was given to 133 subjects. Three hypotheses were tested: 1. that a stereotype of mental illness exists, and is an accurate impression of the behaviour of the mentally ill. Both aspects were clearly confirmed, in that a stereotype was shown to exist which closely resembled the behaviour of psychiatric patients described in objective studies. 2. stereotypes of mental illness are sex differentiated. This was not clearly supported, and some of the differences perceived between mentally ill women and men might be attributable to 'normal' sex role differentiation. 3. the stereotype of a 'normal' woman more closely approximates that of a mentally ill woman than do the corresponding male stereotypes. Strong confirmation was found that the two female stereotypes correlate quite closely, but the male stereotypes do not. The conclusion is that the data are supportive of certain central labelling hypotheses. PMID- 7228536 TI - Current trends in breast cancer surgery in France. PMID- 7228537 TI - Current trends in breast cancer surgery in Italy. PMID- 7228539 TI - Current trends in breast cancer surgery in India. PMID- 7228540 TI - Current trends in breast cancer surgery in Egypt. PMID- 7228538 TI - Current trends in breast cancer surgery in the United States and Canada. PMID- 7228541 TI - Current trends in breast cancer surgery in Japan and long-term results. PMID- 7228542 TI - Modified radical mastectomy: definition and role in breast cancer surgery. AB - The reasons for the dramatic change during the past decade in the United States regarding the surgical treatment of patients with potentially curable invasive breast cancers from the classical radical mastectomy to the modified radical mastectomy are discussed. The various types of modified radical mastectomy are described and the indications for their use as part of a moderate selective surgical approach to breast cancer are discussed in detail. The results obtained in 846 patients with potentially curable breast cancers who were followed for ten years or more are presented: 80.3% had less than a radical mastectomy including an absolute, no evidence of disease, survival rate of 63% and a local recurrence rate of 7.8%, along with ease of breast reconstruction when the pectoralis major muscle is preserved. These results, as compared to those obtained with other types of surgical approach and with primary radiotherapy, offer a most favorable comparison. PMID- 7228543 TI - Early diagnosis of anticoagulation failure: can recurrent pulmonary embolism be prevented? AB - Propagating thrombosis, occurring in spite of full anticoagulation, is an early indication of the failure of anticoagulation therapy. Its detection can be successfully accomplished by routinely monitoring all heparinized patients with serial fibrinogen uptake tests or serial Doppler ultrasound venous flow evaluation in selected lower extremity veins. If anticoagulation therapy failure is detected, it should be corrected immediately. In already fully anticoagulated patients who nevertheless develop propagating thrombosis, inferior vena cava interruption should be performed before potentially lethal pulmonary embolism occurs. PMID- 7228544 TI - Acute mesenteric vascular occlusion: a review of 40 cases. AB - Forty patients with mesenteric vascular occlusion were observed over a ten-year period. The main clinical findings were abdominal tenderness (in 80% of the patients), abdominal pain (in 83%), guarding and rigidity (in 60%) and vomiting. At operation, twelve patients (30%) had massive gangrene of the small and large bowel, 10 (25%) of the small bowel alone, and six (15%) had subsequent gangrene of the small bowel. Atherosclerosis with thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery was found in 70% of cases, and embolism in 17.5%. Mortality was 77.5%. Nine patients (22.5%) who underwent resection survived. PMID- 7228545 TI - Collateral flush technique. AB - The collateral flush technique consists of preserving a collateral branch of the vein when performing AV fistulas. This allows the surgeon to check the immediate patency of both the anastomotic line and the limbs of the arteriovenous fistula; perform thrombectomy easily and rapidly in the event of early thrombosis (up to seven days following surgery) without disturbing the anastomotic line; and perform on-the-table arteriograms using minimal amounts of contrast material and without direct puncture of the artery. This technique has been used with good results in 300 patients and its routine use is recommended. PMID- 7228546 TI - Indications for exploration of the bile ducts. AB - A series of 477 choledochotomies for suspected choledocholithiasis is presented. The indications for exploration of the common bile duct are reviewed. Absolute indications are: palpable stones in the common bile duct, stones seen on intravenous cholangiography and jaundice during the operation. When there are only relative indications, an intraoperative pre-exploratory cholangiogram should be performed so that unnecessary exploration can be avoided. PMID- 7228547 TI - Primary replacement arthroplasty of the hip in femoral neck fractures: a study of 145 cases. AB - A series of 145 patients (77 males and 68 females) with fracture of the neck of the femur treated by primary replacement arthroplasty (prosthesis) is presented. The indications, complications and results of operation are discussed. Prosthetic replacement has yielded satisfactory results in 91.7 per cent of cases and is a particularly suitable procedure for Indians. PMID- 7228548 TI - Above vs. below knee amputations: a retrospective analysis. AB - A review of 99 case histories (57 males and 42 females) involving 117 amputations of the lower limb during a four-year period is presented. Fifty-eight below-the knee amputations were performed: five were revised to the above-the-knee (AK) level. There were 54 primary AK amputations. Complications associated with peripheral vascular disease constituted the main reason for performing surgery. The overall mortality rate was 20.2%: sepsis was the main cause of death. PMID- 7228549 TI - Delayed rupture of the diaphragm following blunt trauma. AB - A case of blunt trauma to the left chest and abdomen is presented. At initial laparotomy, the diaphragm was found to be intact. However, due to respiratory distress on the third postoperative day, a pneumoperitoneum was carried out: it confirmed the diagnosis of delayed rupture of the diaphragm. Primary repair was achieved without complications. PMID- 7228550 TI - Postoperative pseudomembranous colitis associated with ampicillin therapy. AB - A case of pseudomembranous colitis in a 66-year-old subject is presented. The disease appeared on the fourth postoperative day following prostatectomy. On the first postoperative day ampicillin was administered intramuscularly (4 g/day). On the seventh postoperative day, toxic megacolon complicated the disease and a diverting ileostomy with decompression colostomies was performed. The patient died two days later due to severe respiratory failure following extensive bronchopulmonary infection. PMID- 7228551 TI - Mesenteric artery embolectomy: a case report. AB - A case of successful superior mesenteric artery embolectomy with bowel resection is reported. Superior mesenteric artery embolization must be strongly suspected in a patient with atrial fibrillation, presenting sudden abdominal pain and an unremarkable examination. Extensive use of abdominal angiography is strongly recommended, since successful results depend on early diagnosis. This "second look" procedure may be limited, on the basis of careful clinical observation. Should any doubt persist regarding bowel viability, a duodenoenteric anastomosis is recommended. PMID- 7228552 TI - Femoral neuropathy secondary to anticoagulant therapy. AB - Two patients with femoral neuropathy resulting from compression by spontaneous hematoma of the iliopsoas muscle while on anticoagulant therapy, were definitively diagnosed preoperatively by CT scan. Early decompression of the femoral nerve, after correcting the coagulopathy, is recommended to assure optimal chances for relief of pain and recovery of neurological function. PMID- 7228553 TI - Modern operations for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7228554 TI - The contribution of the Grassi intraoperative test to the technique of vagotomy. PMID- 7228555 TI - Pyloric stenosis: organic or functional? The need for an intraoperative test in peptic ulcer surgery. AB - A new method to evaluate and dilate pyloric stenosis in the presence of peptic ulcer is presented. The pylorus is explored by means of a probe (26 to 38 Ch) which is inserted orogastrically. This procedure is used in association with highly selective vagotomy (HSV). Healing of the ulcer and the pyloric stenosis was observed in 12 patients. PMID- 7228556 TI - Predetermining postoperative hepatic function for hepatectomies. AB - To perform major resections safely in liver cancer operations, we have developed a reliable preoperative method to estimate postoperative liver function. We first conducted a series of studies using dogs to determine the various correlations between the volume of the remaining liver and postresectional hepatic function. We calculated Indocyaningreen (ICG) plasma disappearance and retention rates 15 minutes after intravenous injection of ICG at 0.5 mg/kg and found a 1:1 ratio, thus: ICG(K) postop. = ICG(K) preop. x functional remaining rate. This was applicable in our study of dogs with normal livers; in clinical cases complicated by liver cirrhosis and cancer, however, the functional rate of the remaining liver cannot be calculated only by the volumetric ratio of the whole liver and the remaining part. In clinical cases it must also be calculated by using hepatic vein catheterization and by measuring the ICG extraction rate of each segment of the part to be resected and the part to remain. By using this segmental liver function test, the postoperative hepatic function can be estimated accurately before the operation, thus enabling the surgeon to perform major hepatectomies safely and efficiently. PMID- 7228557 TI - The clinico-pathological spectrum of Mondor's disease: an important surgical entity. AB - A total of five cases of Mondor's disease and/or Mondor variants are presented. Although the patients did not have the classical signs of extreme tenderness along the right lateral chest wall, Mondor's disease was detected in later forms at biopsy which was taken for various reasons, such as lump in the breast, discomfort, abnormal mammography, etc. The progression of the disease from a form of acute phlebitis to thrombophlebitis and phlebosclerosis with either recanalization or ultimate obliteration of the vein wall and lumen by sclerotic hyalinized tissue and/or calcification, is demonstrated. A greater awareness of this disease will ultimately lead to the discovery of more cases of this benign entity. Although the etiology is not in any way related to a specific condition, the major cause of the disease appears to be trauma (e.g. blunt trauma, biopsy, etc.). PMID- 7228558 TI - The postoperative appearance of the liver on scanning following omentopexy of the hydatid cyst. AB - Six patients were operated on for hydatid disease of the liver by the omentopexy method. On repeated scans of the liver performed respectively one and four years after the operation, it was seen that the scanning defect at the site of the cyst still remained, without being replaced by normal liver tissues. The patients recovered fully and had no complaints. PMID- 7228559 TI - Angiography in the evaluation of carcinoma of the bladder. AB - Pelvic angiography using the Seldinger technique as a method for more accurate staging of bladder tumors is discussed. This method offers an excellent demonstration of the depth of infiltration and perivesical extension of a tumor. The procedure is considered safe, and involves no technical difficulties. In cases where there has been previous surgery and radiotherapy, there may be some risk of overstaging. We consider this method an extremely valuable tool for staging bladder tumors more accurately, and, therefore, for providing better treatment. PMID- 7228560 TI - The influence of physeal injury upon growth correction of deformed rat tibia. AB - Experimentally produced angulatory deformities of rat tibia with and without physeal injury were observed at two to three-week intervals for an eight-week period by x-ray studies, in order to estimate the spontaneous correctability of tibial deformity in growing rats. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In the retrocurvated rat tibia with intact physes or with distal physeal injury, roughly one quarter of the initial angle was corrected during the eight-week observation period, with greater correction occurring during the first five weeks in both groups. 2) Injury of the distal physis hardly influenced the correction capacity of the deformed tibia. 3) The physis and diaphysis played equally important roles in the remodelling process of rat tibia with intact physes. However, early remodelling took place on a considerably larger scale and with greater rapidity through physeal growth, and late remodelling similarly through the diaphyseal appositional growth. PMID- 7228561 TI - Ectopic pregnancy: outcome of 152 cases. AB - Ectopic pregnancy is a common gynecological condition which usually presents with symptoms of acute abdomen. During the period 1976 to 1978, 152 cases of ectopic pregnancy were treated in our department. About one ectopic pregnancy was treated for every 100 infants delivered. Most of the cases were seen during summer time. Of the patients 43% were between 26 to 30 years of age. From their previous history, 47% reported one or more terminations of pregnancy and 33% recurrence of acute salpingitis. The majority of the ectopic pregnancies were located in the tube. Abdominal pregnancy was observed in three women, one of whom delivered, with the aid of laparotomy, a live infant. All the women reported pelvic pain, whereas shock appeared in only 23% of the cases. Culdocentesis gave false negative results in 14.15% of the cases. Preoperative diagnosis was based on laparoscopy in 28 cases. Dilatation and curettage (D and C) with endometrial biopsy disclosed decidual endometrium without chorionic villi in 37% and Arias Stella cells in 68% of cases. Salpingectomy was performed in 52% of the cases, and plastic surgery of the tube in 16%. PMID- 7228563 TI - Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium and cervix in postmenopausal women: a case report. AB - Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium and uterine cervix is a rare entity. Most of the recent literature deals with its occurrence in young women, and links it with intrauterine exposure to synthetic estrogens. Three cases of clear cell carcinoma in postmenopausal women are presented, with their histopathological findings. The clinical picture, incidence, origin and treatment of this neoplasm are reviewed. PMID- 7228562 TI - Liposarcoma of the breast: a case report. PMID- 7228564 TI - Renal carcinosarcoma (mixed tumours) of the kidney. PMID- 7228565 TI - A case of coexistence of renal carcinoma with nephrolithiasis and adenoma in the renal cyst wall diagnosed at operation. PMID- 7228566 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis in a case of fetal hydronephrosis. PMID- 7228567 TI - Complications after extravesical antireflux operations. AB - The antireflux operation according to Lich-Gregoir (L-G) poses no particular technical problems and involves no major surgical stress to the patient. Of its intraoperative complications lesions to the bladder mucosa have to be considered in the first place. Its postoperative complications calling for reoperation comprise recurrence of reflux, ureteral stricture and ureteral fistula. Results of the Lich-Gregoir operation performed in 176 instances are reported. The complication rate was 4.5 per cent. The complications are commented upon, and the types and time of reoperations are discussed. PMID- 7228568 TI - Post-cesarean vesicouterine fistula. PMID- 7228569 TI - Injuries of the urinary organs during cesarean section. PMID- 7228570 TI - Ultrastructural features of canine kidneys after preservation with hyperthermic solutions and subsequent reperfusion. AB - An analysis of the ultrastructural features of 35 canine kidneys after hypothermic preservation in Rheomacrodex, Collins3 and Sacks II solutions, and subsequent autologous reperfusion for 2 to 3 hours is presented. Signs of irreversibility (intramitochondrial crista fragmentation, cell membrane rupture, detachment of the brush borders in the area of the proximal tubular system) were confined to the Rheomacrodex-preserved kidneys. Other abnormal features (cytoplasmic vacuolation, mitochondrial swelling in the proximal tubules, vacuolation of the visceral epithelial cells, heteromorphism in the glomerular system) found in the acute stage of revascularization may be regarded as reversible and account for the transitory functional disorders of renal transplants. PMID- 7228571 TI - Androgen therapy for anemia in renal failure. AB - Forty-six patients marked renal failure and anemia underwent androgen therapy (up to 500 mg/week), as well as intravenous injections of iron preparations (600-800 mg/month) and hemotransfusions (2500 ml/month) for 4 month. Ferrokinetic indices, total marrow cellularity and erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels were determined at the end of therapy. Androgens were responsible for the increase in Hb level by 1.2 g%. High total bone marrow cellularity was observed in these patients (27.4 +/- 3.2 X 10(9) cells/kg, compared with 14.1 +/- 1.4 X 10(9) cells/kg in normal individuals). Hemotransfusions resulted in a decrease of Hb level by 1.3g% and total bone marrow cellularity to 8.3 +/- 2.2 X 10(9) cells/kg. Ferrokinetic indices became poor. The data obtained are discussed. PMID- 7228572 TI - The interdisciplinary cooperation between andrology and gynaecology as consideration to the effectivity of treatment. AB - The author advocates a close cooperation between gynaecologist and andrologist in an effort to solve the infertility problems of married couples. It is emphasized that in the presence of oligozoospermias the fertilizing capacity of the ejaculate should be substantially improved by transferring the semen to a cervical cup previously fitted to the vaginal cervix uteri. PMID- 7228575 TI - Mechanical factors and tissue stresses in chronic hydronephrosis. AB - From 21 dogs kidneys removed at 0, 1, 2, and 4 weeks after ureteral blockage we found the expected early increase, than subsequent decrease, in pressure and the expected continuing increase in volume and thinning of the walls. However the calculated wall stress builds up continuously with time as does the elastic modulus of the wall. By the 4th week, the wall material has become approximately 3 times as resistant to stretch as the normal ureter. PMID- 7228573 TI - The differentiated state of normal and malignant cells or how to define a "normal" cell in culture. PMID- 7228574 TI - Effect of endocrine manipulations on the levels of cytosolic and nuclear receptors for androgens in dog prostate. AB - Cytosolic and nuclear androgen receptor levels were determined in dog prostates after castration and after treatment with steroids. The cytosolic androgen receptor levels 1, 5, and 13 days after castration were reduced to 32, 47, and 34 per cent of intact dog levels. We also initiated steroid treatments immediately after castration. The administration three times weekly of either dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-2 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol), or of a combination of 3 alpha-diol and estradiol resulted after 13 days in a 2 fold increase of cytosolic androgen receptors relative to intact untreated dogs. Androgen receptor levels in 0.5 M KCl nuclear extracts were significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in spontaneously hyperplastic prostates relative to normal prostates. They were also significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in dogs treated with either dihydrotestosterone, 3 alpha-diol, or with a combination of 3 alpha-diol and estradiol but were highly depressed after castration. These results suggest that experimental prostatic hyperplasia produced by the injection of androgens probably occurs via increased androgen receptor levels. PMID- 7228576 TI - Effect of treatment with diethylstilbestrol-polyestradiol phosphate or estramustine phosphate (estracyt) on natural killer cell activity in patients with prostatic cancer. AB - We evaluated the effect of treatment of patients with prostatic cancer with estramustine phosphate or the combination diethylstilbestrol-polyestradiol phosphate on the natural killer cell activity in peripheral blood. Although estramustine phosphate did not affect natural killer cell activity, diethylstilbestrol-polyestradiol phosphate substantially reduced natural killing after a treatment period of 1 week. The activity was only slightly further lowered after 4 weeks of treatment. Possible clinical implications of the difference in susceptibility of natural killer cells to these agents are discussed. PMID- 7228577 TI - Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and the blood testis barrier. AB - The blood testis barrier has been implicated in the pathogenesis of testicular relapse of childhood acute leukemia by forming a "sanctuary site" for leukemic cells. Experiments were conducted to test the transport of carbon 14 cyclophosphamide and tritiated vincristine across the blood testis barrier. Both cyclophosphamide and vincristine crossed the blood testis barrier. However, other factors such as the transport of immunoglobins and leukocytes across the blood testis barrier may interact in the pathogenesis of leukemic testicular relapse. PMID- 7228578 TI - Viscoelastic properties of bladder strips: standardization of a technique. AB - The standardization of a stretching technique for bladder strips was carried out as a step towards its clinical use. Six variables were studied on specimens of prefrozen bladders taken from human cadavers. Repeated elongations change the nature of the muscle. Viscoelastic coefficients of mucosa are markedly higher than those of muscle. It is necessary to study specimens that have essentially the same direction of fibers and that are located in the same portion of the bladder. The thickness of the specimen does not affect coefficients significantly. The percentage of muscular elongation, in relationship to specimen length, should not exceed 20 per cent in order to have linear reproducible results. PMID- 7228579 TI - The effect of single dose N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on bladder carcinogenesis by N [4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide in rats. AB - The effect of a single intravesical dose of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU) on bladder carcinogenesis in Fischer rats by a suprathreshold dose of N-[4-(5-nitro 2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT) was studied. Animals were sacrificed periodically during the course of the study and the experiment was terminated 50 weeks. Carcinomas were first noted in the MNU + FANFT group at 35 weeks versus 37 weeks for the group receiving FANFT alone. At 50 weeks, carcinomas were seen in 40 of 49 animals in the MNU + FANFT group and in 40 of 48 animals in the FANFT group. Of the animals developing bladder carcinomas 50 per cent receiving MNU + FANFT and 32 per cent receiving FANFT had high grade tumors. Six per cent of the animals receiving MNU alone developed bladder carcinomas whereas none was seen in a control group. In this system, the addition of an inducing dose of MNU did not alter the induction rate or results of carcinogenesis by FANFT. There was a tendency for higher grade tumors in those animals receiving the inducing dose of MNU. PMID- 7228580 TI - The continence mechanisms: the effect of bladder filling on the urethra. AB - We developed a surgical model in the cat, in which the bladder was completely separated from the urethra, in order to examine the changes in urethral resistance during bladder filling. An increase in urethral resistance occurred in two phases: an "initial" increase attributable to the activity of both the striated sphincter and the sympathetically innervated smooth muscle, and a "late" increase that is alpha-sympathetically mediated. The latter was secondary to trigonal distension. We concluded that the increased urethral activity during bladder filling is reflexly mediated and that the trigone plays a role in its control. PMID- 7228582 TI - A new approach to the study of the voiding cycle in the cat. AB - Physiologic studies were carried out on 51 anesthetized cats. We monitored contraction and relaxation with force displacement transducers, recording individually from bladder, longitudinal, and circular urethral smooth muscle layers; and intravesical pressure with a pressure transducer. During constant slow vesical filling with warm saline the urethral muscle tone, without increased motility, was capable of maintaining continence. At the prevoiding stage, the circular urethral muscle contracted and the longitudinal relaxed for 1 to 2 sec, which tightened the bladder neck and resulted in the creation of isovolumetric bladder pressure stage. The voiding was accomplished by bladder pressure augmentation, bladder muscle contraction, and synergic contraction of longitudinal and relaxation of circular urethral muscles. A transient urethral pressure drop preceded the urethral pressure rise of the isovolumetric stage of voiding. The smooth urethral muscle motility pattern during voiding was reproduced without fluid flow per urethrum by the inflation of a balloon in the bladder. PMID- 7228583 TI - The nucleation and growth kinetics of calcium oxalate in the presence of some synthetic urine constituents. AB - We determined quantitative nucleation and growth kinetics of calcium oxalate in the presence of various combinations of urine constituents, using a continuous mixed suspension mixed product removal crystallizer and a Coulter counter. Nucleation rates of calcium oxalate from the pure component system were approximately an order of magnitude higher than those from an artificial urine. The presence of citrate inhibited nucleation rates under high conditions. The ions Na+, K+, NH4+, Cl-, and SO42- did not affect the overall kinetics in the synthetic urine. Di- and tri-hydrate products were formed, except when crystallizing from pure components, when only the thermodynamically stable monohydrate was observed. PMID- 7228581 TI - Differences in the effects of estradiol on dihydrotestosterone induced prostatic growth of the castrate dog and rat. AB - The treatment of castrate beagles with a combination of estradiol an dihydrotestosterone (DHT) results in the synergistic enhancement of prostatic growth and the experimental induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia. This estradiol synergism can be shown as a greater than 3 fold increase in both prostatic wet weight and total DNA content in castrate dogs treated with both steroids, as compared to those animals treated with DHT alone. In direct contrast to the situation in the dog, there was no evidence of estradiol synergism on prostatic growth when castrate rats were treated with combinations of estradiol and DHT, even if both the ratio and absolute amount of both steroids were experimentally varied over a wide range of values. Regardless of the ratio or absolute dose, estradiol was completely unable to synergize the DHT induced growth of the prostate as well as other sex accessory tissues of the castrate rat. This indicates a fundamental difference between the rat and dog in regard to prostatic growth response to combinations of estradiol and DHT treatment. PMID- 7228584 TI - Goodpasture's syndrome with normal renal function. PMID- 7228585 TI - Trends in mortality and possible influences on the decline in mortality from cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7228586 TI - Some observations on the potassium-induced contracture in guinea-pig ureteric smooth muscle. PMID- 7228588 TI - Serum C 1 esterase inhibitor--immunochemical and functional measurements. PMID- 7228587 TI - Hepatic cirrhosis in Ireland: current trends. PMID- 7228589 TI - Effect of norethisterone on puerperal vaginal bleeding. PMID- 7228590 TI - Nemaline myopathy associated with consanguinity. PMID- 7228591 TI - Fractures of the neck of the femur. A prospective study of the early results. PMID- 7228592 TI - An assessment of active management of primigravid labour. PMID- 7228593 TI - Carcino-embryonic antigen assay as a guide to tumour bulk, response to therapy and prognosis in human breast cancer. PMID- 7228594 TI - The use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal abscess caused by perforation of the appendix. PMID- 7228595 TI - What is wrong with medical education. PMID- 7228598 TI - The multiple flora of diabetic foot ulcers. PMID- 7228597 TI - A comprehensive study of duodenal bile salts in newborn infants and their relationship to fat absorption. PMID- 7228599 TI - Multiple trichobezoars complicated by intestinal obstruction in a young girl. PMID- 7228596 TI - Diffuse alveolar damage. PMID- 7228600 TI - Patterns of acid-induced release endogenous immunoreactive secretin in children with cystic fibrosis and recurrent pain. PMID- 7228601 TI - Intussusception--a change in policy where management has been satisfactory. PMID- 7228602 TI - Cardiac tamponade without demonstrable pulsus paradoxus in haemodialysis patients. PMID- 7228603 TI - 'Pleuritic' chest pain due to post traumatic intrathoracic infarction of the stomach. PMID- 7228604 TI - Lipodystrophy and pulmonary eosinophilia. PMID- 7228605 TI - Further observations of the Dennis-Morgan fold. PMID- 7228606 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a report of 40 cases. PMID- 7228607 TI - Haematospermia: a review of 47 cases. PMID- 7228608 TI - The pattern of skin cancer in St. Luke's Hospital, Dublin. PMID- 7228609 TI - The surgical treatment of invasive squamous carcinoma of the vulva using a modified incision. PMID- 7228611 TI - A family planning survey. PMID- 7228610 TI - Fetal normoxia. PMID- 7228612 TI - Attitudes, knowledge and the extent of use of artificial contraception in social classes IV and V in Ireland. PMID- 7228614 TI - Does anencephaly cause pre-eclampsia? PMID- 7228613 TI - Late pregnancy hypertension -- a harmless condition? PMID- 7228616 TI - Mental handicap -- Ireland and Sweden compared. PMID- 7228618 TI - A study over a 5-year period of adjuvant chemotherapy after mastectomy for breast cancer. PMID- 7228615 TI - Screening psychiatric admissions: 6-months' experience in the assessment centre of a large urban psychiatric hospital. PMID- 7228617 TI - The nutritional status of patients with malignant diseases. PMID- 7228619 TI - Carcinoma of the penis. PMID- 7228621 TI - Circumcision -- is it ever necessary? PMID- 7228620 TI - Modern concepts in the management of non-seminomatous testicular tumours. PMID- 7228622 TI - The value of radioimmunoassay of parathyroid hormone in diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism, renal calculi, hypercalcaemia and metabolic bone disease. PMID- 7228626 TI - Osler oration to the Canadian Medical Association: medicine in the 80s -- can we afford it? PMID- 7228625 TI - The changing pattern of reproduction -- data for 1971 and 1979. PMID- 7228623 TI - Upper gastro-intestinal polyps -- an endoscopic study. PMID- 7228627 TI - The use of community hypertension screening clinics in Ireland. PMID- 7228624 TI - Irish drug abusers III: a psycho-social typology. PMID- 7228628 TI - Home measurement of blood pressure: training of relatives. PMID- 7228630 TI - Analysis of applications for surgical intern post. PMID- 7228629 TI - Once daily slow-release hydralazine in hypertension. PMID- 7228632 TI - Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels in untreated and treated sarcoidosis. PMID- 7228631 TI - Glomerulopathies of neoplasia. PMID- 7228633 TI - Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with steatorrhoea: the role of magnesium in diagnosis. PMID- 7228634 TI - The effect of transient ischemia on fatty acid and lipid metabolism in the gerbil brain. AB - Brain ischemia was produced in gerbils by contemporary occlusion of both carotid arteries. Definite changes of the energy state in brain demonstrated that carotid occlusion was effective. At short time intervals from occlusion the free fatty acid content, their distribution, and their concentration and specific activity in arachidonate were determined in brain. A noticeable increase of the arachidonate pool and that of other free fatty acids was detected at very early times from occlusion. Specific activity by arachidonate increased after 30-60 seconds from ligation. By examining arachidonate distribution and specific activity in neutral and polar lipids of brain, it is concluded that phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol represent the more important source for the release of arachidonate during ischemia. Enzymic-mediated phenomena produced free arachidonate from lipids by a mechanism yielding diglycerides further transformed into fatty acids and by lipid degradation through phospholipase A activity. PMID- 7228635 TI - Where does primary care begin? The health facilitator as a central figure in primary care. AB - The role of lay advisors (health facilitators) in primary care is described. Health facilitators are people to whom others naturally turn for advice, counsel and support. The majority of illnesses reported by patients are never presented to a doctor. Because primary care is center in the family or other close social support system within the community social structure, all professional care is in fact external to that natural structure and may be considered secondary in function. In the United States, the recent trend toward self-care shows that professional care does not meet the needs of even the middle class and that people actively seek and receive support from peer groups. A pilot program in North Carolina is described, in which 39 health facilitators were identified and given training in the recognition of common illnesses, disease prevention, health promotion, and community resources. The implications of such programs and their effects on primary health care are discussed. PMID- 7228636 TI - Organization of local health services: a case study. AB - Health services in Israel are provided by various organizations. In most areas, curative, preventive and welfare services are under the administration of separate agencies. Even in small towns, health and social services are provided by many agencies. EAch health care agency is responsible for its own service and there is a lack of joint functioning on the administrative and service levels. To illustrate this, a locality of 11,500 people is described in relation to the characteristics of the population, health care services and other agencies, manpower and use of services. A model is suggested for the organization of comprehensive primary health care at the local level, with integrated curative, preventive and social services. Development of neighborhood health centers with comprehensive services may provide more effective and efficient care for the individual and family and may serve as a suitable framework for the development of community health care programs. The importance of surveillance of the health status of the community and the need for a relevant record system is stressed. PMID- 7228638 TI - A company-instituted program to improve blood pressure control in primary care. AB - An occupation-based effort to improve the outcome of antihypertensive therapy provided in the community was instituted by the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company in 1977. The goal of the program was to utilize the administrative and organizational resources of the company to enhance employee/patient adherence to treatment provided in conventional primary care settings. Key elements of the program were: companywide education and on-site screening, referral to community physicians and company assumption of all patient costs, linked to a monitoring system to permit oversight of care. Initially, 98% of employees were screened, 70% accepted referral for care and 59% fully adhered to program performance criteria. Blood pressure control has risen from 36% at the beginning to 69% at the end of the second year. Fully compliant patients have achieved the greatest lowering of blood pressure and compiled the best work attendance record. Program costs are modest and acceptance by employees and physicians supports the concept that occupation-based, systematic efforts can enhance the impact of primary care. PMID- 7228637 TI - Differences in the use of emergency room and hospitalization in relation to primary care pediatric services. AB - Two pediatric primary care services in Ofakim, Israel, were compared with respect to their use of hospital emergency room facilities and hospitalizations. The services compared were a community-based university pediatric clinic in which preventive and curative care were merged and a traditional service in which preventive and curative care were provided by different agencies. The university clinic had a considerably lower rate of emergency room visits/1,000 children in the population. The proportion of children who were admitted to hospital, among those referred to the emergency room, was much higher for the university clinic. Consistent differences were not found in the number of hospital admissions/1,000 children in the population, nor in the mean duration of stay of hospitalized children. PMID- 7228639 TI - Community diagnosis: its uses in the training of community health workers and in primary health care in East Africa. AB - Over the last 20 years, medical schools in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania have been developing teaching programs in community health which have placed increasing emphasis on community diagnosis. This process, which involves students, health workers and the community, is a team effort to obtain a wide variety of information using epidemiologic methods and to establish priorities for health action. The programs which are developed following community diagnosis often rely on primary health workers and small health centers for their execution. Experience in community diagnosis is an important element in the training of health workers. Such experience is also an excellent means of teaching the management skills that are essential for operating primary health care programs. This paper traces the evolution of the methods of community diagnosis used in East Africa. PMID- 7228640 TI - Health status and use of health services as reported by the older residents of the Baka neighborhood, Jerusalem. AB - The large increase in the aging population in Israel, particularly of people over 75, requires the upgrading of health services and their integration into comprehensive social support systems, which will help reduce the need for admission to institutions for long-term care. In our study, interviews were conducted with 77% of the residents of the Jerusalem neighborhood of Baka aged 60 and over and the data were supplemented by partial information on a further 20%. Our findings are similar to those reported from other surveys of the aged in Israel and indicate a high degree of unmet health needs in this population. Many of the problems of the elderly relate more to their social and cultural backgrounds than to objective measures of morbidity and they can only be partially solved by classical health services, even efficient ones. There is an urgent need for the development of integrated health, social and community service and support systems to meet the needs of this rapidly growing community. PMID- 7228642 TI - Morbidity recording in primary medical care and its use for community diagnosis. AB - Primary medical care now plays an important role in integrated community health services. For the planning and evaluation of such services, health administrators require information on morbidity in the community. While useful data on morbidity are generated in the primary care services themselves, these data are not yet utilized to their fullest. Common difficulties encountered in recording and analyzing data in primary care are briefly reviewed. The methods and results of a pilot study in 13 Kupat Holim clinics in Israel are presented. The study used a classification of diseases and symptoms specially designed for the needs of primary care but based on and cross-indexed with the International Classification of Diseases. The data produced gave a meaningful picture of the patterns of disease encountered in primary care and revealed some interesting differences between the communities served by the clinics. The system of recording was acceptable to both physicians and coders. PMID- 7228641 TI - Prevalence of selected health characteristics of women and comparisons with men. A community health survey in Jerusalem. AB - The health status of women was studied as part of a community health survey in Kiryat Hayovel, a neighborhood in western Jerusalem. Most women (66%) reported that they felt well; clinical appraisals indicated a need for treatment in 34%. Hypertension was found in 14% and coronary heart disease in 4%. Other common disorders included varicose veins (31%), overweight (25%), hemorrhoids (20%), hypercholesterolemia (15%), gallbladder disease (8%), and diabetes (4%). Prevalence of symptoms of emotional ill-health ranged from 6 to 40%. A quarter reported serious current problems, 10% were dissatisfied with their present life situation, 8% had concentration camp experience and 27% were current cigarette smokers. Prevalence of most disorders rose in successive age groups. Comparisons with the men in this community indicated a higher prevalence among females of self-appraised ill-health, high symptom and emotional ill-health scores and complaints about a number of physical conditions. This way reflect how women in this community respond to illness and their life situation. With some exceptions, age trends and sex differences were similar to those found in population studies in the USA. PMID- 7228644 TI - Distance learning for primary health care. AB - The United Nations' stated objective is to bring primary health care to all by the year 2000. To reach this goal, the health profession will have to be involved in a greater change than has ever taken place since the introduction of scientific medicine. Important advances in educational methods offering many advantages for developing countries have taken place. The most valuable may be "distance learning". A small group led by an educationist would be involved in preparing distance learning material appropriate for health teams offering primary care in villages and slums. As a result of this training, the teams would be better prepared to tackle the major health problems of the communities they serve. In children, these problems are malnutrition, diarrhea and respiratory disease, which together account for half the number of childhood deaths. PMID- 7228643 TI - Israeli PERI life event scale: ratings of events by a community sample. AB - A schedule of life events was constructed for use in measuring recent exposure to potentially stressful experiences. The life event list was derived from two sources: the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview (PERI) schedule and a list of events with special relevance to life in Israel. A probability sample of members of a community in Jerusalem, stratified by sex, education and region of origin, rated each event for the "amount of readjustment" it would necessitate relative to that required for a standard reference event, marriage. The ratings of 14 events showed significant variation with sex. There was little variation with education or region of origin. The schedule of life events has potential value not only for clinical and epidemiologic research in Israel, but also in community-focused primary care, as a tool for individual and community diagnosis and the identification of high-risk groups. PMID- 7228645 TI - Applications of health care research to child health services: a problematic relationship. AB - The direct impact of community health surveys on clinical practice is, essentially, unknown. The importance of behavioral problems as an unmet child health need was demonstrated by studies in the Isle of Wight (UK) and Rochester, New York (USA). Follow-up reports suggest persistently inadequate recognition of such problems by samples of practitioners in these two places. Several American centers have evaluated the training and use of pediatric nurse practitioners in response to a perceived shortage of personnel and maldistribution of primary care for children. A comparison of surveys of American pediatric practices before and after these reports reveals persistent shortcomings in the degree of delegation of tasks to auxiliary personnel. General strategies to improve the responses of primary care practitioners to survey research findings are discussed, with particular emphasis on the role of the individual investigator. PMID- 7228647 TI - Validation study on medical recording practices in primary care clinics. AB - The validity of records of visits to physicians was studied in three primary care clinics in Beersheba, Israel. A wide variation was found between clinics in the completeness of recording and in the proportion of records that could not be found. The results suggest that data on clinic utilization obtained by an analysis of records may be an underestimate. They should be used only if completeness of recording has been tested and found satisfactory. PMID- 7228646 TI - Evaluation of a community program for the control of cardiovascular risk factors: the CHAD program in Jerusalem. AB - A community-focused program for the control of cardiovascular risk factors, the CHAD program, was instituted in a family practice in western Jerusalem in 1971. Its effectiveness was evaluated by comparing the changes detected by surveys conducted in 1970 and 1975 with those observed in an adjacent control neighborhood. Hypertension decreased in prevalence by 33%, hypercholesterolemia by 31%, cigarette smoking by 23% (among men), and overweight by 13%. Allowing for the reductions observed in the control population, the net percent reductions in prevalence were 20% for hypertension, 15% for hypercholesterolemia, 11% for cigarette smoking (men) and 13% for overweight. The net reductions in hypertension, smoking and overweight were statistically significant. The net reductions in mean systolic and diastolic pressures and weight were also significant. The results suggest that intervention centered in primary health care can have an appreciable effect on cardiovascular risk factors in the population. PMID- 7228648 TI - Multiphasic screening in middle age: results and implications of a controlled trial in British general practice. AB - The Southeast London Screening Study was designed as a long-term controlled trial of multiphasic screening directed at middle-aged individuals registered with their family doctors. In 1967, 7,229 subjects, aged 40 to 64 years, were randomly allocated into either a screening or control group. The screening group was invited to attend two screening sessions held about two years apart while the control group continued to receive conventional medical care. Both groups were then invited to participate in a health survey in 1972 to 1973. Screening-control comparisons revealed no significant differences in either mortality or morbidity over the first nine years of the study with one exception: the screened males were significantly less "anxious" (as measured by the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire) than the controls (P less than 0.01). In the context of other negative psychiatric findings, however, the importance of this result is considered doubtful. Despite methodological limitations, it is concluded that multiphasic screening of the middle-aged in general practice is probably not worthwhile. PMID- 7228649 TI - Community-focused health care. PMID- 7228650 TI - The modern crisis in health services--professional concerns and the public interest. AB - The modern crisis in the health service systems of developed nations is described. Six major issues are discussed. 1) The need for recognition of the wholeness of man and the implications of this for implementing the concept of essential unity in the development and organization of health services; 2) the creation of ample opportunity for health manpower to work effectively in team situations; 3) the need for community-wide epidemiologic intelligence that will allow for better identification of problems and solutions; 4) the need to move away from the entrepreneurial framework of health care and regionalize facilities; 5) the assessment of costs both in terms of actions and inactions; and 6) the need for the professionals and public to work together in order to improve health services. PMID- 7228652 TI - The community medicine-primary care connection. AB - Community medicine is defined as an academic discipline, the practice of which addresses the identification and solution of health problems in population groups and emphasizes such disciplines as epidemiology and biostatistics and behavioral and management sciences in relation to their bearing on problems of health care delivery and environmental health. The essential components of a community-based system of medical care are highlighted. The place of primary care in that system is discussed and the contributions that community medicine can make toward enhancing primary care within the community-based system of medical care are outlined. PMID- 7228651 TI - Epidemiology in health policy. AB - As a problem-oriented discipline that deals quantitatively with sickness and health, the needs of populations, and the effectiveness of health services, epidemiology can make a considerable contribution to decision-making on health policy. Examples are presented to illustrate the use of the epidemiologic approach at national, regional and local community levels, and its potential contribution to decisions concerning the allocation of resources and the determination of program priorities. PMID- 7228653 TI - Epidemiology and primary health care. AB - University departments of epidemiology and primary medical care have tended to develop separately because they require very different skills. The Department of Community Medicine at St. Thomas's Hospital Medical School, London, is an example of a harmonious, combined development of the two disciplines. Working as a multidisciplinary team, the department has conducted studies initiated by epidemiologists, primary physicians and the interaction of the two. Examples are given from past and current research of the department. Through mutual cooperation the scientific knowledge of the epidemiologist and the down-to-earth practical knowledge of the clinician have complemented each other to produce valid research of practical relevance. The association has also provided educational facilities for medical students for whom, as physicians, protocol thinking, analysis and questioning of accepted "facts" will become increasingly important. PMID- 7228654 TI - Resynthesis of trypsinized sheep red blood cell receptors on human lymphocytes: comparison of the effects of immunopotentiators of biological and synthetic origin in vitro. AB - Five immunostimulants--thymosin, dialyzable leukocyte extracts containing transfer factor (DLE), isoprinosine, BM 12 531 (azimexon), and levamisole--were compared separately and in various combinations for their ability to increase the binding of sheep erythrocytes by trypsinized human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Levamisole produced the greatest enhancement when used alone, DLE produced a smaller increase, and isoprinosine, thymosin, and BM 12 531 were less effective. When combining two of these agents, the greatest increase was seen when one of the components was thymosin and the other either DLE, isoprinosine, or BM 12 531. These results indicate possible synergistic mechanisms and the possible advantage of combined therapeutic use of selected combinations of immunostimulants. In the majority of the combinations, however, inhibition rather than stimulation of rosette formation was observed. PMID- 7228655 TI - The success of Hawaii's Medical Claims Conciliation Panel. PMID- 7228656 TI - An abused wife before and after filicide and suicide by her husband. PMID- 7228657 TI - [Absence of the formation of wrinkles of the finger tips in leprosy]. AB - Soaking of the hand of leprosy patients in water of 38 degrees--40 degrees C during half an hour does not lead to the formation of wrinkles, in contrast to healthy individuals. We tend to relate this lack of wrinkles to the damaged nerve ends which are often found in leprosy patients. The number of investigated individuals is small and repeated experiments are therefore required. Should the above results be established, the soaking test could serve as an additional tool for the diagnoses of leprosy. PMID- 7228659 TI - [Appearance of disseminated hyperpigmented lesions during PUVA therapy]. AB - Disseminated, hyperpigmented lesions were observed in two patients with psoriasis under PUVA treatment independently from psoriatic lesions. Light microscopic examination revealed besides hypertrophy of melanocytes no considerable changes. Additionally to the formation of large melanosomes (Longitudinal diameter over 8,8 micrometers) and the pronounced melanin-storage in the melanophages, electron microscopic results referred to degenerative processes of melanocytes and the epidermal basal lamina. PMID- 7228658 TI - [Trachyonychia: 20-nail dystrophy]. AB - Trachyonychia (20-nail dystrophy) is described in four patients with clinical, histological, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Trachyonychia is a polyetiological symptom: psoriasis vulgaris, lichen planus, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, 20-nail dystrophy of childhood, and severe nail dystrophy can all lead to trachyonychia-like nail changes. Nail bed biopsies are necessary for proper diagnosis. In our patients, lichen planus, or psoriasis were excluded clinically and histologically. Spongiotic dermatitis of nail matrix and nail bed with column-like parakeratosis within the nail plate are found in trachyonychia due to alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, and in its idiopathic form. PMID- 7228660 TI - [Necrosis of the fingertips after local anesthesia for nail extraction]. PMID- 7228661 TI - [Varicocele and subfertility]. AB - At first the anatomic conditions are represented: the anastomosis between the left and the right pampiniform plexus and the causes for the dominant occurrence on the left side of the idiopathic varicocele. The author deals with the consequences, anatomic changes and disturbances of the function caused by the varicocele as well as its targets. The relation between varicocele and subfertility is proved, in the course of which the importance of the progressive motility is accentuated. The theories of the mechanism of damage are discussed. The methods of treatment, ligation and sclerosing of the left internal spermatic vein are described; the results after the operation are compared. PMID- 7228664 TI - [Plethysmography in phlebology]. AB - A survey of the practical use of plethysmography for phlebological purposes is given. The most important applications for plethysmographic methods are: Screening for deep leg vein thrombosis with satisfactory accuracy in total proximal occlusions; estimation of capillary filtration rate (no clinical value); function of muscle pump, indication and control of therapy; quantitative arterial blood measurement; and determination of systolic blood pressure at the ankle level and in the toes. Today's most perfect method for practical use is strain gauge plethysmography. PMID- 7228662 TI - [Hereditary poikilodermias]. PMID- 7228663 TI - [Venous pressure measurement in phlebology]. AB - Venous pressure measurement has become an important investigation method for the assessment of a venous dysfunction in the lower extremity. It can be performed in every physician's practice with simple equipment. For a graphic documentation a pressure transducer, an electromanometer, and a pen recorder are required. By this method the following clinical questions can be answered: Severity of venous dysfunction, quantitative assessment of the ambulation hypertension; Course of venous dysfunction after thrombosis. In what cases may an improvement be achieved (indication for Palma's operation or of excision of the long saphenous vein and of incompetent perforators, respectively); and Objective control of success after therapy. PMID- 7228665 TI - [Ichthyosis vulgaris, growth retardation, hair dysplasia, tooth abnormalities, immunologic deficiencies, psychomotor retardation and resorption disorders. Case report of 2 siblings]. AB - Two siblings (4 and 10 years old) with ichthyosis vulgaris, growth and mental retardation, hair dysplasia, teeth abnormalities, recurrent infections and malabsorption are presented. The elder sister of the children as well as the rest of the family are unremarkable. The complex of symptoms does not fit into one of the known Ichthyosis syndromes. Microscopically the dystrophic hairs show changes in diameters, nodules, lack of the medulla, rough cuticle and splits vertical to the axis, sometimes resembling trichorrhexis nodosa. In the scanning electron microscope there is a clear difference to Netherton's syndrome. The plasma concentrations of the vitamines A, B12 as well as of beta-carotines are low in spite of normal nutrition. During parenteral therapy with vitamin A and B12 symptoms ameliorate slightly. PMID- 7228666 TI - [Fasciitis with eosinophilia - Shulman syndrome]. AB - Fasciitis with eosinophilia (also Shulman's disease or eosinophilic fasciitis) is characterized by an inflammatory thickening of the fascia, eosinophilia and hypergammaglobulinemia. It has clinical and histopathological similarities with scleroderma, though evidence for systemic involvement is rarely found. In this report, we describe the clinical and laboratory features of two patients with this disease and their response to treatment and we discuss its relationship to scleroderma and the pseudosclerodermatous syndromes and its prognosis. PMID- 7228667 TI - [Soft radiotherapy of lip cancer]. AB - Reported are 107 patients with 109 carcinomas of the lip. Histologically 83 per cent of the patients had well or moderately well differentiated tumors. With total tumor doses between 6,000 and 9,500 R, in some patients with more than 10,000 R, 92 per cent of patients were cleared, in 88 per cent with a good cosmetical, and in 77 per cent with a good functional result. The used radiation methods are discussed under consideration of time-, dose- and fractionation factors of Orton and Ellis. Patients should be controlled for a longer period than five years, because recurrences or second tumors are possible even after this time. PMID- 7228668 TI - [Continuity dissection in malignant melanoma of the skin]. AB - The dissection incontinuity is indicated for the treatment of malignant melanomas of the skin with high risk and favourable anatomic positions of the lesions. The performance of the incontinuity operation means to remove the primary site, intervening lymphatics and regional lymph nodes en bloc. Intransit- and micrometastases can be excised in addition to the tumor in stadium I of the disease. Melanomas with high risk are all nodular types as well as all other types of the levels IV and V. In level III the selection was made more appropriate to the addition of thickness measurements (greater than 1.5 mm). There were no operative mortalities in this series of 36 cases with high risk melanomas. The morbidity in the postoperative period with ileus, pulmonary embolism and hemorrhage in three patients could be controlled with appropriate measures. The large operation wounds measuring to 60 cm in length and 12 cm in width were closed by dermanaplasties and skin grafting. In two cases only necrosis of the wound edges impaired the healing somewhat; five patients developed edema. In 12 cases the dissection incontinuity was combined with an elective lymphadenectomy of the axillary and in 26 cases of the inguinal groups. Micrometastases in one node were found in three patients; four patients developed metastases. The after-care period with 19 month is still to short for final evaluations. Since the potential for nodal metastases can be reasonably predicted, the performance of dissection incontinuity with elective regional lymphadenectomy continues outweigh any hypothetical disadvantage. PMID- 7228670 TI - [Bullous scabies in hereditary dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa]. AB - Scabietic infestation resulted in a generalized bullous eruption in two 9 and 13 years old female siblings with epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria dystrophica. Various dermatologic conditions are known to be complicated or imitated by scabies. PMID- 7228669 TI - [EMO-syndrome. Clinical and roentgenologic signs]. AB - The EMO-syndrome (thyroid acropachy) consists of the triad of exophthalmos, circumscribed pretibial myxedema and clubbing of fingers and toes. This report describes a patients with EMO-syndrome. The skeletal changes are discussed. PMID- 7228671 TI - [Multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma (Kaposi's disease)]. AB - A case of Morbus Kaposi in a 75-year-old patient is presented. PMID- 7228672 TI - [Peritoneal dialysis therapy in psoriasis]. AB - Report about three patients suffering from psoriasis vulgaris, who were not responsive to common dermatological treatment for many years. After peritoneal dialysis the psoriasis cleared and has not recurred for three to six months. Immunological investigations before and after peritoneal dialysis showed an increasing number of E-rosettes and a decrease of the concentration of soluble immune complexes of the serum. PMID- 7228673 TI - [Dowling-Degos disease with involvement of the scalp]. AB - Dowling-Degos disease is described in a 40 year-old man, involving the nape of the neck, axillary regions, scrotum, intergluteal fold and also the scalp. There was no associated hair growth anomaly. There was extensive pitting of the entire face. Dowling-Degos disease appears to result from a genetically determined imbalance of epithelial-mesenchymal regulatory mechanisms causing increased epithelial proliferation, as well as a disturbance of the maturation and differentiation of the proliferating keratinocytes. PMID- 7228674 TI - [Reiter's disease. Successful therapy of keratoderma blennorrhagicum with oral photochemotherapy]. PMID- 7228675 TI - [The eyes and the skin]. PMID- 7228676 TI - Nuclear accident scenarios and implications for emergency planning. PMID- 7228677 TI - Long-term retention of 228Th following accidental intake. PMID- 7228678 TI - A four factor model for estimating human radiation exposure to radon daughters in the home. PMID- 7228679 TI - A model for predicting lung cancer risks induced by environmental levels of radon daughters. PMID- 7228680 TI - Occupational radiation exposure at nuclear power plants in Japan. PMID- 7228681 TI - Occupational exposures in industrial radiography practice. PMID- 7228682 TI - A proposed long-term excretion equation for plutonium. PMID- 7228683 TI - The nature of unattached RaA (218Po) particles. PMID- 7228684 TI - The spectrum of neutrons from A238Pu-Li source. PMID- 7228685 TI - A non-Fickian approach to the consequences of dumping solid radioactive wastes in a finite ocean. PMID- 7228686 TI - Radioactive well logging: a review and an analysis of Texas incidents. PMID- 7228687 TI - Fallout of cesium-137 on a forest ecosystem in the vicinity of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. PMID- 7228688 TI - Statistical methods for estimating the mean and variance from radionuclide data sets containing negative, unreported or less-than values. PMID- 7228689 TI - Variations in radon working level with household conditions in a single family residence. PMID- 7228690 TI - Interpretation of measured exposure rate levels in diagnostic radiology. PMID- 7228691 TI - A case history of severe radiation burns from 50 kVC x-rays. PMID- 7228692 TI - Calibration of phoswich detectors for assessment of plutonium in lungs: the methods of four laboratories compared. PMID- 7228693 TI - Comments on "The question of radiation causation of Cancer in Hanford workers" by J. W. Gofman. PMID- 7228694 TI - Neutron fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion factors. PMID- 7228695 TI - The status of radioactive waste management: needs for reassessment. PMID- 7228696 TI - Life table methodology for evaluating radiation risk: an application based on occupational exposures. PMID- 7228697 TI - A method for calculating doses to the population from 133Xe releases during the Three Mile Island accident. PMID- 7228698 TI - Electron dose-rate conversion factors for external exposure of the skin. PMID- 7228699 TI - Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers: ICRP Publication 30. PMID- 7228700 TI - An extrapolation of radionuclide retention data from mouse to man. PMID- 7228701 TI - Potential radiation dose from eating fish exposed to actinide contamination. PMID- 7228702 TI - Do childhood cancers result from prenatal x-rays? PMID- 7228703 TI - Small quantities of 131I in thyroids of sheep from Wales. PMID- 7228704 TI - Survey of radionuclides in foods, 1961-77. PMID- 7228705 TI - Use of gross filter activities in a continuous working level monitor. PMID- 7228706 TI - Systematical and statistical errors in using reference light sources to calibrate TLD readers. PMID- 7228707 TI - Increase in ground level concentration of radon during a solar eclipse. PMID- 7228708 TI - A simple method for the calibration of sample temperature in thermoluminescence analyzers. PMID- 7228710 TI - Tritium contamination in accelerator cryogenic facilities. PMID- 7228709 TI - The use of 226Ra as a quality control check source for the beta-gamma coincidence counting of 131I. PMID- 7228711 TI - Reconciliation of Marinelli and MIRD radiation absorbed dose formulas. PMID- 7228712 TI - Transatlantic perspective. PMID- 7228713 TI - Costs and cost containment in nursing homes. AB - The study examines the impact of structural and process variables on the cost of nursing home care and the utilization of various cost containment methods in 43 california nursing homes. Several predictors were statistically significant in their relation to cost per patient day. A diverse range of cost containment techniques was discovered along with strong predictors of the utilization of these techniques by nursing home administrators. The trade-off between quality of care and cost of care is discussed. PMID- 7228715 TI - Introduction: nonfederal aspects of the organization, funding, and use of health services research. PMID- 7228714 TI - Hospital structure and consumer satisfaction. AB - This study examines the relationship between hospital structural characteristics and patient satisfaction with hospital care. Teaching hospitals and private hospitals were expected to receive higher ratings of patient satisfaction than were nonteaching and government-controlled hospitals, because they generally are reputed to be technologically superior. Results show that, in general, most patients are satisfied with their hospital stays, but they are clearly more dissatisfied with their stays in teaching hospitals. Although a number of other correlates of patient satisfaction with the hospital stay are identified, no measure succeeds in reducing to insignificance the strong relationship between teaching status and dissatisfaction. Some suggestions are made as to why teaching hospital receive relatively poor evaluations from their patients. PMID- 7228716 TI - Private philanthropy in support of health service demonstrations and research. PMID- 7228717 TI - The structure and reliability of health belief indices. AB - A wealth of research using the Health Belief Model provides empirical evidence of the model's utility in predicting health, illness, and sick role behaviors. Until recently, however, little attention has been paid to the important issues of the validity and reliability of measures used to assess various health belief dimensions. Using factor analysis, our study demonstrates that moderately reliable indices covering a wide spectrum of distinct health beliefs can be constructed and then replicated across independent samples. The factor analysis approach revealed that condition-specific measures of perception of susceptibility and severity and situation-specific measures of perceived barriers are empirically distinct from general measures of these beliefs. We therefore recommend caution in mixing general and specific questionnaire items within the same index when measuring these beliefs. A factor representing perceptions of health threat emerged, but its composition require further clarification. The degree of similarity between the factor structures in the two independent samples provides support for the existence of independent health belief dimensions. PMID- 7228718 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the esophagogastric junction]. AB - Macroanatomic structures in the lower esophagus and at the GE-junction are shown and definitions are given. Muscle structures and thickening in the GE-junction region and fundus are shown and their relationship to the intraluminal high pressure zone is discussed. Anchorage of the esophagus to the diaphragm through the phreno-esophageal membrane in relation to aging, disposition and hiatal hernia is discussed. Vascularization of the esophageal wall by numerous submucosal arteries is shown. PMID- 7228719 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux: indications and limitations of medical therapy and function tests]. AB - Reflux disease in most cases shows a benign course, but it only responds slowly to medical treatment and tends to recurrences. Therefore, surgical treatment is far from being substituted by medical treatment. A preoperative assessment by esophageal function tests is indicated when the disease shows unusual features, e.g. hypomotility and retention in the tubular esophagus, no macroscopic sign of esophagitis at endoscopy and complications such as peptic stenosis and columnar lined esophagus. PMID- 7228720 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux: importance of endoscopy in surgical indications and postoperative control]. AB - Endoscopy constitutes an important investigation in the presence of a gastro oesophageal reflux. The primary intention is to exclude the possibility of an organic pathology, for example cancer, which has not been demonstrated by other investigative procedures. Accordingly it must provide a detailed exploration of the whole superior digestive tract, from the mouth to the duodenum. Secondly, endoscopy must establish the consequence of the reflux on the mucosa of the lower oesophagus both by a macroscopic and a detailed microscopic description. Peptic lesions are classified according to 4 degrees of severity. The difficulty in evaluating the very early lesions (1st degree) and the advanced stages (4th degree) necessitates systematic biopsies of the lesions. The erythroplasic type of carcinoma in situ can present the same endoscopic changes as a 1st degree peptic lesion, whereas the exclusion of an adenocarcinoma constitutes the major preoccupation at the time of endoscopy of a 4th degree oesophagitis. PMID- 7228721 TI - [Surgical management of reflux disease]. AB - Surgical therapy of reflux disease aspires to beneficially influence pathogenetic principles. Gastric-proximal vagotomy results in lowered aggressivity of reflux, the Roux-Y-procedure in elimination of bile reflux. Classical antireflux procedures, in particular valvuloplastic types, reduce or eliminate gastroesophageal reflux altogether. The procedure selected among these is to be based on the grade of reflux. Whereas in reflux of more benign character selection of procedures is among the less invasive types, reflux disease classified in stages III and IV requires selection of procedures with known and proven effectivity (valvuloplastic). PMID- 7228722 TI - Peptic stricture: surgical treatment. AB - The results reported in this group of patients managed by modified Collis gastroplasty and partial fundoplication appear to be satisfactory and enduring over a reasonably long period of regular follow-up. It is difficult, however, to compare the results of any of these operations with results reported by others. In this context, the following quote is taken from an earlier publication [1]: "A critical review of the literature, however, indicates that accurate and meaningful comparison of the results of the various procedures recommended for correcting the problem of short esophagus is almost impossible. There is little uniformity in attempts to grade the severity of the pathology in patients with strictures, details of the techniques of stricture dilatation are usually scanty or absent, and few studies have reported the more objective results of postoperative function tests using manometry and pH measurements. Very few reports document a significant number of patients who have been followed for 5 to 10 years or longer. Further resolution of the controversy awaits reports in which case selection has been clearly defined and the long-term follow-up data are recorded with sufficient detail and uniformity." PMID- 7228723 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux in childhood]. AB - 1. Gastro-oesophageal reflux of infancy and childhood leads to vomiting and frequently to aspiration pneumonia and failure to thrive. 2. Two thirds of all cases can be cured conservatively. One third has to undergo surgery. 3. According to our present knowledge, the mechanism of the cardia seems to be competent at birth, however, peristaltism and reflex activity undergoes a maturation process. 4. The aetiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux in childhood is variable. There is a distinct difference between primary and secondary reflux. The latter occurs in children with cerebral palsy as well as following operations of the oesophagus or the hiatus. 5. The indication for an operative intervention is not as much depending upon the radiographic findings as upon the existence of oesophagitis, stenosis, anemia and aspiration pneumonia. 6. Nissen's fundoplication is not the operation of choice in childhood since this intervention is followed by a high morbidity. For uncomplicated cases, reconstruction of the angle of His and repositioning of the abdominal oesophagus into the abdominal cavity in combination with a semiplication of the fundus is preferable. PMID- 7228724 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux: long-term results of surgical management]. AB - 73 patients presenting with hiatus hernia and reflux oesophagitis verified endoscopically, were controlled and checked by endoscopy 5 to 15 years after surgical correction of reflux. In half of these cases the intervention consisted of a "fundoplicatio" and in the other half, of a "hemi-fundoplicatio" or closure of the angle of His. The long-term results show a higher degree of efficiency of the "fundoplicatio" particularly that which concerns the curing of the oesophagitis. The adjunction of a vagotomy-pyloroplasty in 9 patients showed an increase in the frequency of bile reflux in the stomach. The absence of cancer in the oesophagus in the 73 patients controlled after a period of many years, suggests that correction of the reflux and of the oesophagitis constitutes a high measure of efficiency. PMID- 7228725 TI - [Fresh ligament injuries of the ankle joint]. AB - Fresh lesions of the ligaments about the tibio-talar joint are quite frequent, especially laterally. An isolated rupture of the anterior fibulo-talar ligament, with an anterior subluxation of the talus, can only be demonstrated by stress films in a lateral direction and can rarely be seen in the ap-views. The suture of the fresh rupture is always indicated, thus preventing chronic instability and a disposition to arthritic degeneration of the joint. The point of view is uniformly emphasized by 12 Swiss orthopedic and general surgeons as well. PMID- 7228726 TI - [Severe knee sprains: diagnostic mechanisms]. PMID- 7228727 TI - [Microsurgery: indications and organization]. AB - Microsurgery is an important, but purely technical advancement. It would be a serious error for medicine and patient care to accept the concept of a "microsurgeon" rather than recognizing the necessity for surgical specialists working in many anatomical regions to learn microsurgery techniques as related to comprehensive care of their area. In hand surgery it is already clear that the duration of procedures and the exhaustion associated especially with reattachment surgery demands care by a team rather than by a single individual. Decision making and over all responsibility for performance of that team must, however, rest clearly with a primary surgeon. The institution of an emergency service for microsurgical cases represents a heavy burden to the infrastructure of a hospital. Therefore it seems reasonable to institute in each country an appropriate number of replantation centers to which the cases can be referred. The indications for reattachment surgery must be carefully evaluated and well balanced against traditional possibilities of treatment. The dramatic achievements of reattachment surgery and composite tissue transfers are illustrated by a few examples. PMID- 7228728 TI - [Microsurgery]. AB - Generally microsurgical techniques were successful. They opened a new development in plastic and reconstructive surgery. An inroad on other departments is now on process. Moreover indications for use of microsurgical technics grew wider. So tendon-transplantations and other such manipulations will be carried out with microsurgery's help. For us training in microsurgery technics is an obligatory instruction for plastic surgery. Only in that way a surgeon standing in education will learn to understand all possibilities of microsurgery. This means a benefit for every surgeon even if he will not have to do microsurgical operations by himself in the remote future. PMID- 7228729 TI - [Microsurgery: organization and indication in the Federal Republic of Germany]. AB - Since 1960's the new technique of microsurgery of the nerves was introduced in Germany at Departments of Plastic Surgery, Handsurgery and Neurosurgery. Since 1974 the technique of microvascular surgery was used in different places. In March 1975 the first free flap transfer was performed at our clinic in Munich. In the same year 24 h reimplantation services were established in Hamburg and Munich. In connection with training of other colleagues and information of the population we could perform up to 31 march 1980 703 replantations at the hand with a survival rate of 78.5%. Through education by annual instructional courses and fellowships at our clinic further replantation services were established in Germany. A general request showed that up to the middle of 1979 2742 micro- and 381 macro-replantations were performed in Germany. The places where replantations are done should be classified in 1. replantation centres (at present 9 in FRG), 2. replantation services (at present 4 in FRG), 3. places with microvascular experiences (at further 4 places in FRG). The training program for a member of a replantation team should include: 1. general surgery, traumatology, 2. plastic surgery, 3. hand surgery, 4. microsurgery. Beside the replantation also the clinical application of free tissue transplantation is increasingly used at our clinic and other places in Germany. PMID- 7228730 TI - [Organization and activities of microsurgery in Belgium]. AB - Answering the question of indications and organisation in microsurgery in Belgium, a report is given of the microsurgical activities around the country. The benefit of the multicentered activity is stated and the necessity of a more pronounced organisation for emergency microsurgery is stressed. PMID- 7228731 TI - [Microsurgery applied to surgery of Vater's ampulla]. AB - Microsurgery, applied to surgery of Vater's papilla, does not represent a new development in surgical technique, but rather propounds the possibility of a new view of infundibular papilla which is of great diagnostic value of biliar disease. We see it as being indicated in all those cases in which surgery of papilla is undertaken. In papilla microsurgery technique exists a first period of diagnosis in which a study is made of the infundibula mucous membrane, allowing one to ascertain the state of the wall and possible affectation of the distal parts of the choledochus and of Wirsung ducts. In the second period, or the strictly surgical, microsurgery constantly achieves control of the papilla and its elements, at the same time being antitraumatic and more objective. PMID- 7228732 TI - [Discursive thought and intuition in medical research]. AB - The history of diabetes and the progress of the sciences demonstrates that original creative investigation requires in addition to logic thinking intuition which originates from the unconscious. The concept of intuition is of great importance in philosophy, religion and psychology. Luck and serendipity have similar meaning as the concepts of kairos, tyche and techne of the Greek. PMID- 7228733 TI - Diagnosis of the beta 0 thalassemia trait at birth. AB - This study shows the results of in vitro globin chain synthesis analysis in 33 infants who had been previously evaluated for the presence of thalassemia in the second trimester of gestation and were restudied after the stage of hematological maturity. Four children with alpha-thalassemia-1, identified in a newborn screening, were also included. Normals and beta-thalassemia heterozygotes could be distinguished in the neonatal period by beta/alpha or beta/gamma ratios. However, as a considerable overlap of alpha-thalassemia-1 with normals and alpha thalassemia-2 with beta-thalassemia heterozygotes were found, biosynthetic studies at birth seem to be inappropriate to make reliable diagnosis of hemoglobin chain deficiencies. There were no differences between hematological indices of normal and heterozygous beta-thalassemia newborns, while alpha thalassemia-1 carriers showed a statistically significant difference from normals in mean MCV and MCH. PMID- 7228734 TI - Identification of the asymmetric hybrid of human oxy hemoglobins A and S (alpha 2 beta A beta S) at 4 degrees C by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. PMID- 7228735 TI - Pharmacologic basis for antimicrobial therapy of neonatal meningitis. AB - Although effective antimicrobial agents are available and despite considerable advances in rapid diagnosis and supportive care, the prognosis of neonatal bacterial meningitis remains relatively poor. A pharmacological concept for antimicrobial therapy of neonatal meningitis is presented which is derived from the pertinent in vitro and in vivo data concerning the currently employed and investigational regimens. Specific recommendations for antimicrobial management of neonatal meningitis are given based on attainment of appreciable bactericidal activity in CSF which should result in prompt eradication of the offending pathogen from CSF. PMID- 7228736 TI - [Clinical significance of placental inflammatory infiltrates]. AB - 103 placentas and their annexes obtained from 103 normal pregnancies leading to live-born infants were examined for inflammatory lesions. Inflammatory reactions of variable importance and localisation were seen more often when pregnancy exceeded 40 weeks gestation and when the Scanlon test was positive. No significant correlation could be drawn between gestational infection, premature rupture of the membranes, the aspect of the amniotic fluid, and the bacteriology of the material from the external auditory canal of the newborn. Although almost half of the placentas (47.5%) had inflammatory infiltrates, none of the newborn infants showed clinical evidence of infection. The authors discuss possible explanations for these anatomo-clinical discrepancies. PMID- 7228737 TI - Patterns of evolution of X-ray changes in respiratory distress syndrome. AB - In a review of all infants admitted to our hospital with hyaline membrane disease during a recent period, we observed that two distinct groups developed complete pulmonary opacification during the course of their disease. One group (9% of the total) developed a classic "white-out" of stage II bronchopulmonary dysplasia early in the course of their disease while critically ill. The prognosis for this group was poor. The other group (10% of the total) developed an almost identical radiographic finding later in the course of their disease as they were clinically improving and being weaned from the respirator. In this group the "white-out" was transient and not related to clinical deterioration; rather, it was secondary to decreased ventilatory pressures. The prognosis for this group was quite good. PMID- 7228738 TI - [Disorders of the mother-child relationship in newborn infants with low birth weight]. AB - The influence of premature birth or intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on the mother-child relationship has been studied in 80 children with birth-weight below 2000 g, treated in the Neonatology Unit of the Pediatric Department of Lausanne University. 40 children with birth-weight over 2500 g and without perinatal complications born in the Obstetrical Department of the same hospital were used as controls. The 80 infants with low birth-weight presented only minor neonatal disturbances and showed later on a normal psychomotor development. The mother child relationship was evaluated by free and structured interviews accompanied by a questionnaire and by regular contacts throughout the first 12 months. With the exception of the professional work of the mother during and after pregnancy, all the family and social factors were not significantly different in the 3 groups. The mothers of premature children showed significantly more disturbances of their family relationship than the mothers in the control group. On the other hand, a significantly higher number of attachment problems is the only difference observed in the group of mothers of IUGR-babies. There was no mathematical correlation between these problems and the characteristics of the family and social-economic environment of the mothers. The importance of subjective, i.e. psychological, factors as cause of difficulties in the mother-child relationship is stressed. PMID- 7228739 TI - [Results of coarctectomy in newborn and young infants]. AB - Twenty infants underwent coarctectomy between 1972 and 1979, 12 were less than one month old at surgery. One infant died after the procedure (5% mortality). Seven underwent open heart surgery later in the first year of life for associated intracardiac defects; there were 3 early and one late death. Of the 15 survivors, 12 have been followed up for 6 months to 6 years (mean 3 years). All are actually asymptomatic. Arterial blood pressure is slightly higher in the leg than in the arm in 8 patients (as in normal children), equal in leg and arm in 2 and lower in the leg than in the arm in 2 (recoarctation). Postoperative catheterization was done in six patients. A pressure gradient across the anastomotic site was confirmed in two (32 and 28 mm Hg). In the other four, no pressure gradient was found, and the site of the anastomosis was hardly or not at all detectable on the angiogram. Coarctectomy in newborns and infants now carries a low operative mortality. With proper operative technique, normal growth of the anastomotic site is usually obtained. PMID- 7228740 TI - Cytochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase in intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach. AB - Alkaline phosphatase in the brush border of areas of intestinal metaplasia of human stomach was studied cytochemically. All absorptive cells in the upper part of the villi of the duodenum had strong alkaline phosphatase activity but, in areas of intestinal metaplasia, the metaplastic glands consisted of alkaline phosphatase-positive and negative absorptive cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity was found in tall dense microvilli of absorptive cells in areas of intestinal metaplasia and in the duodenum. However, in some areas of metaplastic epithelium the activity was very weak in some tall dense microvilli of absorptive cells but strong in those of neighbouring absorptive cells. No alkaline phosphatase activity was found in short sparse microvilli of absorptive cells in areas of intestinal metaplasia. The difference in alkaline phosphatase activity in microvilli of different cells in areas of intestinal metaplasia, which is not seen in the duodenum, indicates abnormal morphological and enzymatic differentiation intestinal metaplasia. PMID- 7228741 TI - Developmental changes in the localization of calcium binding sites in Acanthamoeba castellanii. AB - Vegetative cells of Acanthamoeba castellanii have the ability to bind calcium on the plasma membrane in form of the electron-dense deposits. The appearance of the deposits depends on the age of Acanthamoeba culture. In 24-h-old culture the deposits are very small, with diameter of 26 nm. During aging of culture, at both logarithmic and stationary growth phases, the diameter of deposits is larger (70 80 nm), while the deposits are localized only on the plasma membrane. During differentiation of Acanthamoeba cells into cysts electron-dense deposits with a diameter of about 170 nm appear in the mitochondria, whereas no deposits are observed on the plasma membrane. However, at the first stage of differentiation electron-dense material together with extruded membraneous fragments are also observed outside of some newly-formed young cysts. These results suggest that in Acanthamoeba cells, depending on the stage of life cycle, either plasma membrane or mitochondria may be involved in storage of excess cellular calcium. PMID- 7228742 TI - The detection by x-ray microanalysis of noradrenaline in sympathetic nerve terminals of the rat vas deferens. AB - It has been possible consistently to detect and quantify noradrenaline (NA) in sympathetic nerve terminals of rat vas deferens by electron probe x-ray microanalysis following tissue preparation employing aldehyde-chromate-dichromate fixation after Richards and Tranzer (1975). PMID- 7228743 TI - Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in chick limb bud during morphogeneis. AB - In the chick embryo a cholinesterase activity appears in various organ anlagen which has been correlated with morphogenetic movements (Drews 1975). The cholinesterase activity is present in the mesenchyme of the limb bud during aggregation of the central chondrogenic core. In the present study binding of tritium labelled quinuclidinyl benzilate ((3H)QNB), a muscarinic antagonist, to homogenates of chicken limb buds was investigated by a filtration assay. In the homogenate of limb buds at Stage 24 specific binding of (3H)QNB was demonstrated. Determination of binding constants and inhibition of binding by agonists and antagonists was studied at Stage 25/26. Specific binding was defined by the difference in binding in the absence and presence of atropine (1 microM). Specific binding of (3H)QNB reflected a muscarinic receptor. The Kd in two experiments was 0.11 nM and 0.16 nM, the binding capacity was 15.7 fmol (3H)QNB/mg protein and 12.0 fmol (3H)QNB/mg protein, respectively. Data on displacement of specific bound (3H)QNB by various nicotinic and muscarinic ligands confirmed the muscarinic nature of the receptor. Muscarinic ligands inhibited the (3H) QNB binding, whereas nicotinic ligands caused no inhibition at pharmacological concentrations. I conclude that a specific muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is part of the cholinergic system whose presence is indicated by cholinesterase activity in the chondrogenic core of the limb bud during morphogenesis. PMID- 7228744 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of fibromatosis in head and neck region (author's transl)]. AB - Fibromatosis is a heterogenous group of soft tissue neoplasias, only some forms of which occur in the head and neck region. In the pathological classification it takes place between the fibroma and fibrosarcoma. With nodular fasciitis, it's subspecies myositis proliferans and aggressive fibromatosis exist differential diagnostic difficulties, especially as it's difficult to exclude fibrosarcoma. The benign myositis proliferans gives an impression of a malignant process by it's rapid proliferation, cell-polymorphia and high mitotic activity. The monomorphous histological picture and the slower proliferation of the aggressive fibromatosis, however can simulate a benign tumor, although thought to be semimalignant. 3-case-reports point out these characteristics. Complete excision is the therapy advised for all fibromatosis. In aggressive fibromatosis a large enough healthy area is the best condition to prevent recidives. PMID- 7228745 TI - [The inverting papilloma of the nose (author's transl)]. AB - Nasal inverting papillomata and their clinical presentation, macroscopical appearance and histological structure are described. The inverting growth of this epithelium is shown to be due to proliferation of the basal cell layer. In most of these patients the ciliated epithelium showed metaplasia. Furthermore the histological findings clearly show that the secondary development of an inverting papilloma in the typical nasal polyp is possible. In two patients transformation of the inverting papilloma into a squamous carcinoma occurred. PMID- 7228746 TI - [Statistical observations on intra-and extracranial complications of otitic origin (author's transl)]. AB - Complications of otitic origin are still possible despite introduction of antibiotica. The number, however, has been reduced not only because of better conservative treatment but because of early operations in acute and chronic suppurative otitis media. 232 patients with otitic pathology showed in 173 cases affections of the labyrinthine and in 59 cases intracranial complications. Statistical results of the different findings before and after operations are given and discussed. PMID- 7228747 TI - [The special case: isolated neurinoma of the labyrinth (author's transl)]. AB - A 28-year-old patient developed severe unilateral sensorineural deafness and vertigo. A tumor of the cerebello-pontine angle was assumed on the basis of a computed tomogram, and a translabyrinthine exposure of the internal auditory canal was performed. A histologically verified neurinoma was found, but in the labyrinthine vestibule. Although the tumor extended into the horizontal semicircular canal, both the internal auditory canal and the cerebello-pontine angle were tumor-free. The labyrinthine origin of a neurinoma has relevant implications for the differential diagnosis of progressive sensorineural deafness. As such, the filling of the internal auditory canal with contrast media does not preclude the presence of a tumor at the eighth nerve and requires additional precision tomography of the labyrinth. PMID- 7228748 TI - Subcutaneous mastectomy: experience with a modification in technique. PMID- 7228749 TI - Sigmoidovesical fistula secondary to diverticulitis in a young man: report of a case. PMID- 7228750 TI - Pulmonary aspiration syndromes. PMID- 7228751 TI - Alcohol consumption in rats: effects on work capacity in the heat. AB - To quantitate the effects of ingestion of ethanol (EtOH)-water mixtures on the ability to work in the heat (35 degrees C), adult male rats (250-350 g) were given 0, 4, 8, 12, or 16% EtOH as the sole source of drinking water for 14 days. The endurance capacity (treadmill time) of rats drinking 4% EtOH was similar to that of rats consuming water (32 vs. 32.9 min, respectively). However, the treadmill time of rats drinking of 16% EtOH was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced when compared with that of animals drinking 4 or 8% EtOH. Maximal rectal and skin temperatures were likewise lower in the group consuming 16% EtOH, whereas increments in rectal and skin temperatures during treadmill exercise were unaffected. Although hematocrit and plasma protein levels were unaltered, plasma levels of the commonly reported indices of heat-exercise injury were exacerbated by consumption of increasing concentrations of EtOH. We concluded that ingestion of EtOH for 2 wk had minimal effects on thermoregulation and that the decrements in work capacity noted were probably the result of alterations in hepatic and muscle metabolism. PMID- 7228752 TI - Hypoxia-induced changes in parasympathetic neurochemical markers in guinea pig heart. AB - Exposure of animals to hypoxia produces cardiovascular changes including right ventricular hypertrophy and alterations in heart rate. The activity of choline acetyltransferase, a neurochemical marker of parasympathetic innervation, and the density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, measured by the binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, were analyzed in the hearts of guinea pigs exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. We found a significant increase in the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the sinoatrial node in response to hypoxia after 7 or 14 days. In addition, we found significant decreases in the muscarinic receptor density in several contractile and conducting regions. The decrease in receptor density may reflect regulation by the level of occupancy; an increased occupancy may produce a decrease in muscarinic receptor number. PMID- 7228753 TI - Effects of intrapleural pressure changes on canine left ventricular function. AB - Left ventricular diameter, pressure, and dP/dt, as well as aortic and intrapleural pressures, were recorded simultaneously from 10 acute anethetized mongrel dogs. Normal inspiration produced a significant decrease in end-diastolic diameter (46.9 +/- 1.2 to 43.1 +/- 1.0 mm) and end-systolic diameter (35.5 +/- 1.4 to 34.2 +/- 1.7 mm), reducing stroke diameter 2.5 mm. Airway occlusion (greater than or equal to 60%) produced a reduction in the decrease of end diastolic diameter seen with normal inspiration and, to a lesser degree, in end systolic diameter. Because only acute airway occlusion greater than or equal to 80% produced a significant increase in left ventricular afterload, the authors conclude that normal spontaneous inspiration results in a decrease in left ventricular preload due to pooling of blood in the pulmonary vasculature. The data suggest that this decrease in left ventricular preload is the predominant mechanism responsible for the inspiratory decrease in left ventricular stroke volume. PMID- 7228754 TI - Functional aspects of canine bronchial-pulmonary vascular communications. AB - Experiments in anesthetized open-chest dogs indicated that blood from the canine bronchial circulation may drain into both the arterial and venous sides of the alveolar drain into both the arterial and venous sides of the alveolar vessel bed. Evan's blue dye injected into the systemic circulation appeared in the effluent from a left lower lobe pulmonary arterial segment in which inflow was stopped with a snare and outflow through the alveolar vessel bed was stopped by maintaining zone 1 conditions. To determine the influence of mean systemic arterial pressure on lobar bronchial flow, flows from arterial and venous cannulas were measured at different mean systemic arterial pressures (lung volume history constant). Influence of lung volume and transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) change were each examined utilizing the hysteresis characteristics of the lung pressure-volume curve. Mean total flows ranged from 2.26 to 5.26 ml/min with 43.61% draining through the arterial side. Flow decreased with lower systemic arterial pressure, high Ptp, and higher lung volume. Distribution of flow was influenced only by lung volume changes. Results indicate that the communication sites contributing to the arterial drainage are located within the alveolar vessel bed. Since bronchial flow drains to both sides of the alveolar vessel bed, it must be considered when interpreting results from "isolated" pulmonary circulation preparations. PMID- 7228755 TI - Competitive inhibition of carbon monoxide transport: evidence against a carrier. AB - The existence of a saturable carbon monoxide (CO) carrier in the lung remains controversial. The carrier hypothesis was invoked to explain data that indicated that pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO (DLCO) decreases with increasing CO concentration. To test this hypothesis, we measured DLCO in 14 normal adult subjects at three alveolar CO concentrations (60, 660, and 2,060 ppm). Each mixture contained a constant amount of labeled C18O (60 ppm) and a balance of unlabeled C16O. If a saturable carrier exists at increasing CO concentrations, the unlabeled CO would compete for most of the sites on the carrier molecule, effectively inhibiting the uptake of the labeled C18O. C18O diffusing capacities (mean +/- SD) for the three levels of CO were 34.9 +/- 5.6, 33.0 +/- 6.0, and 34.7 +/- 7.8. There were no significant differences (P greater than 0.2) among the three levels. In another group of subjects we repeated the study using a gas mixture containing 130 ppm C18O. No significant differences were found. As a result, we find no evidence to support a CO carrier hypothesis. PMID- 7228756 TI - Role of albumin in prevention of edema in perfused rabbit lungs. AB - Edema formation was studied using in situ rabbit lungs perfused with normal 5.0 g/dl) and low (0.1 g/dl) albumin solutions. Measurements were made of the ratio of wet weight to dry weight of the lungs corrected for the residual vascular volume, [(W/D)ev] and the ratio of extravascular 22Na+ to extravascular water volume. Edema formation in the 5 g/dl lungs was insignificant during a 60-min perfusion interval. A moderate amount of edema was found in 0.1 g/dl lungs: (W/D)ev = 5.30 +/- 0.12 (SE) compared with 4.66 +/- 0.11 in the 5 g/dl lungs. Much greater rates of edema formation were found in the 0.1 g/dl lungs when left atrial pressures were increased from 0 to 10 Torr; (W/D)ev reached 7.89 +/- 0.50 in 60 min compared with 5.66 +/- 0.23 in the 5 g/dl lungs. No additional edema formation occurred when albumin concentrations were decreased from 0.1 g/dl to below 0.01 g/dl. Albumin concentration gradients across the capillary wall appear to increase with elevations in capillary pressure. PMID- 7228757 TI - Evaluation of alveolar amplitude response technique for determination of lung perfusion in exercise. AB - We investigated the influence of tracer gas venous return on the determination of pulmonary perfusion (Qp) using the alveolar amplitude response technique (AART) to evaluate the applicability of this technique at rest and during exercise. The venous return influence was calculated by a computer simulation applied to a simplified body compartment model. Using the AART method, which neglects the influence of venous return, a simulation based on acetylene as a tracer gas predicted an overestimation of the actual value of Qp ranging from 0 to 10% for all work loads investigated. These theoretical results were compared with experimental results. Experiments with human subjects with acetylene as the tracer gas yielded an underestimation of Qp of about 20% at rest and an overestimation of about 7% under different exercise conditions. Experiments with anesthetized dogs showed an underestimation of Qp of about 12% for acetylene and about 6% for halothane. The theoretical and experimental results related to exercise conditions are thus in good quantitative agreement. The experimental data obtained for acetylene with human subjects at rest and with anesthetized dogs are also in good quantitative agreement. However, they deviate considerably from theoretical predictions. This discrepancy may be due to the simplified body compartment model used in the calculations, which can considerably influence the calculated results, especially for conditions at rest. The main conclusion of this paper is that recirculating tracer gas does not unduly influence results for Qp obtained with the AART method when halothane is used as the tracer gas. PMID- 7228758 TI - Regulation of bronchomotor tone by lung inflation in asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects. AB - We examined the effects of lung inflation on induced airway obstruction in 14 atopic asthmatic and 14 atopic nonasthmatic subjects. Subjects were challenged with aerosols of methacholine (MCh) and pollen antigen (Ag), and the effects of inflation were assessed with partial ad full flow-volume curves and by comparing airway conductance measurements before and after deep inspiration to total lung capacity (TLC). Whereas bronchoconstriction was transiently abolished or reduced with inspiration in nonasthmatics, these effects were absent or diminished in asthmatic subjects. Dissimilarities could not be explained by differences in base line lung function or degree of obstruction produced. Deep inspiration had a greater effect in reducing airway obstruction produced with MCh than with Ag in nonasthmatics. In addition, atropine pretreatment had no effect on inspiration responses in asthmatics given Ag, suggesting that vagal reflexes were not the cause of an impaired ability to reduce bronchomotor tone by lung inflation. Our findings reveal the existence of an intrinsic means of regulating bronchomotor toe by active changes in lung volume and that such a mechanism is impaired in asthma. We suggest that airway hyperactivity in asthma is perhaps less a reflection of enhanced end-organ responsiveness than a reflection of this impaired capacity. PMID- 7228759 TI - Work of breathing in dog during exercise. AB - In six dogs trained to wear a mask and to swallow an esophageal balloon, the dynamic work of breathing (Wdyn) was measured while the animals ran on a treadmill at different intensities (7-13 km.h-1,+10%). Wydn (kg.m.min-1) increased with ventilation (VE, 1.min-1) according to Wdyn = 0.308.10(-2) VE2 + 0.0098.10(-2).VE3. However, if the exercise was prolonged so that the body temperature rose above approximately 39 degrees C, Wdyn, for a given ventilation, decreased; and hence Wdyn = 0.253.10(-2).VE2 -- 0.0011.10(-2).VE3. Similar observations have been made on another dog heated from an external source. From this finding it seems that during exercise, when the temperature rises and the ventilation increases to dissipate heat, the airway size, at least in some portion of the respiratory tract, increases markedly and therefore the cost of breathing is greatly diminished. This mechanism would save oxygen for the exercising limb muscles when exercise has to be continued for an extended time. PMID- 7228760 TI - A modified Van Slyke apparatus. AB - A modified micro-Van Slyke apparatus for analyzing gases in a 25- to 100 microliter sample of blood or other solutions is described. The method is based on the vacuum-extraction principle in which the gases are released for direct manometric measurement. A determination of total CO2 and total O2 content in blood can be completed in about 7 in. A commercial micro-Van Slyke apparatus (Thomas Magna-Matic manometer apparatus) requires 10-15 min for the same determination. The modified Van Slyke can be operated under field conditions without losing accuracy. The modified Van Slyke apparatus has greater reproducibility and accuracy than the commercial model. PMID- 7228761 TI - Fast integrated flow plethysmograph for small mammals. AB - The accurate measurement of a forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuver in a small mammal requires that the plethysmograph in use have good response characteristics at high frequencies. We develop, on a theoretical basis, the behavior of zeroth order (pressure type), first-order (flow type without inertance), and second order (flow type with inertance) plethysmogrphs. The actual frequency response of a mouse-sized plethysmograph is then presented, and a technique for improving its response characteristics is described. A flat amplitude response (within 3% of a reference flow taken as truth) was obtained for sinusoidal inputs below 240 Hz. A phase lag with respect to the reference flow equivalent to a simple time delay of 1.4 ms was observed up to 150 Hz. A typical FVC curve for a mouse is shown, and criteria are provided for designing similar plethysmographs suitable for use with larger animals. PMID- 7228762 TI - Hail and farewell. PMID- 7228763 TI - Relations among recoil pressure, surface area, and surface tension in the lung. AB - The difference between energy stored in air- and saline-filled lungs is the sum of surface energy and the energy of tissue distortion caused by surface tension. The surface energy is zeta gamma dS, where gamma is surface tension and S is surface area. There is no corresponding relation between tissue energy and measurable variables. However, two equations can be obtained from the expression for the total energy difference. One is the statement that the total energy of the lung is minimum at equilibrium, and the other is the statement of conservation of mechanical energy as lung volume changes. The expression for tissue energy is eliminated between the two equations to obtain a single relation among the variables of interest: recoil pressure, surface area, and surface tension. Published data on recoil pressure and surface area of saline-filled, air filled, and detergent-washed rabbit lungs are used in these equations to determine surface tension as a function of lung volume. The values of surface tension deduced from this analysis are lower than the values that would be obtained if the additional tissue forces in the air-filled lung were neglected. The contribution of tissue forces to the added recoil of the air-filled lung increases with increasing lung volume and accounts for approximately half the additional recoil at high lung volume. PMID- 7228764 TI - Collateral ventilation in excised human lungs. AB - Pressure-volume (PV) curves and single-breath nitrogen (SBN) washout traces were obtained in 32 excised human lungs. Comparison of the volumes at the onset of phage IV of the SBN traces (V phase IV) and the volumes at the inflection points (VIP) of the PV curves revealed V phase IV to be significantly larger than VIP. We postulated that V phase IV was caused by bulk airway closure and that the difference between V phase IV and VIP was due to collateral ventilation. To test this we correlated V phas IV -- VIP with age and emphysema grades of the lungs. Significant correlations were obtained, demonstrating that with increasing age and emphysema grade V phase IV -- VIP also increased. This is consistent with the documented evidence for decreased resistance to collateral ventilation with increasing age and emphysema. In addition, in a total of 86 lungs we demonstrated that with increasing age and emphysema there is an increasing incidence of total lack of sigmoid deviation in the PV curve. PMID- 7228765 TI - Influence of acute microwave radiation on cardiac function in normal and myocardial ischemic cats. AB - Exposure of biological specimens to microwave radiation in vivo and in vitro has been reported to cause alterations to the cardiovascular system. In addition, microwave radiation may cause effects in damaged cardiac tissue that are not observed in normal tissue. In this study, we examined the influence of direct microwave irradiation (2.45 GHz, continuous wave) of the intact exposed heart on cardiac function in cats with and without myocardial ischemia. Myocardial ischemia was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. In the sham-nonexposed and sham-plus-microwave exposed animals the coronary artery was isolated but not occluded. The exposed hearts were either irradiated at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 30 mW/g or not irradiated, and were monitored for 5 h. At a SAR of 30 mW/g, the temperature of the exposed tissue increased at an initial rate of 0.43 degrees C/min in dead cats. However, in live animals, no increases in aortic blood temperatures occurred during irradiation. Mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, plasma and myocardial creatine phosphokinase, and S-T segment were not influenced by 5 h of microwave irradiation of the myocardium in cats with or without myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7228766 TI - Muscular enlargement and number of fibers in skeletal muscles of rats. AB - The effect of muscular enlargement produced by surgical ablation of a synergist and the combination of synergist ablation and exercise on the number of fibers in the soleus (S), plantaris (P), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of the rat was studied. The number of fibers per muscle was determined by direct counts of individual fibers dissected from HNO3-treated muscles. Ablation of a synergist produced average enlargements of about 25, 45, and 29% for the S, P, and EDL muscles, respectively. Exercise and synergist ablation produced increases in wet weight to about 44 and 88% for the S and P muscles, respectively, whereas no further increases were observed in the EDL muscles. Intra-animal comparisons revealed that no differences existed for total fiber number or the incidence of fibers with bifurcations between the enlarged and contralateral control muscles. The difference in dry weight of fibers from the enlarged as compared with control muscles was closely correlated to differences in total muscle wet weight. These data demonstrate that hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia was responsible for increases from 10 to over 100% in the weight of skeletal muscles. PMID- 7228768 TI - Effect of prolonged recombency on pulmonary blood volume in normal humans. AB - We have observed a progressive decrease in pulmonary blood volume during sustained recumbency measured using two independent methods. Pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc) was estimated by the method of Roughton and Forster (J. Appl. Physiol. 11: 290, 1957). We measured regional pulmonary blood volume (PBVR) using 99mTc-labeled erythrocytes (Gorin et al., J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 45: 225, 1978). In 21 studies in 19 normal subjects, we measured pulmonary CO diffusing capacity by the single-breath technique and calculated Vc with the subjects seated and at fixed times after lying down. After 5 min in the recumbent position, there was a mean 49% increase in Vc over the value in the seated position. With sustained recumbency Vc decreased 18.3%/h over 90 min. In 12 studies in 8 normal subjects, PBVR declined 16.7%/h with prolonged recumbency in studies lasting 60-90 min. The initial increase in Vc after subjects assumed a supine position has been well described. The subsequent fall in pulmonary blood volume to levels equal to or below that measured with the subject seated has not previously been reported. PMID- 7228767 TI - Blood and blood vessel wall changes induced by decompression sickness in dogs. AB - Healthy female dogs of mixed breed were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and given 51Cr-labeled autologous red blood cells and 125I-labeled anticanine vessel wall fiber (collagen and elastin) antibody. The anesthetized dogs were exposed to the equivalent of a 220-ft dive on air for 40-45 min (descent rate 75 ft/min, ascent rate 60 ft/min). The animal's condition was adjusted by additional shorter and/or shallower dives. Four dogs had mild decompression sickness (DCS), and seven had severe DCS judged by electrocardiogram. Three of the seven died before completion of the experiment. Permeability of the endothelial sheet of jugular veins and carotid arteries to the tracer (125I-gamma-globulin) was significantly increased in animals with severe but not mild DCS. There was slight hemoconcentration (increased capillary and venular permeability). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the endothelium was grossly intact with no evidence of mechanical damage, but giant cells (derived from monocytes) frequently adhered to the endothelium. Leukocytes and platelets adhered occasionally. Fibrin monomer was found in the plasma. Thus DCS is accompanied by endothelial cell alteration and limited blood cell adhesion to vessel walls in addition to activation od the clotting mechanism. PMID- 7228769 TI - Myocardial norepinephrine turnover during induced hypothermia and rewarming. AB - Norepinephrine (NE) turnover in myocardial tissue was measured in male golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) during 1) continuous hypothermia, 2) rewarming from hypothermia initiated by exposure to 22 degrees C ambient, and 3) normothermic control state. Hypothermia was induced by exposure to 80% He-20% O2 atmosphere at 0 to -10 degrees C. At sequential periods after tritiated norepinephrine ([3H]NE) infusion, hamsters were killed by cervical transection and hearts were removed and analyzed for NE and [3H]NE content. Rate constants, turnover times, and turnover rates were determined from regression analysis of [3H]NE/micrograms NE tissue decay. Myocardial concentrations of NE were constant during NE-turnover measurements in each group. However, myocardial NE levels were reduced by 37% in both continuous hypothermia and rewarming from hypothermia compared with normothermic controls. NE turnover was highest during rewarming from hypothermia (0.34 micrograms.g-1.h-1), but no decay in myocardial [3H]NE was detectable during continuous hypothermia. Control animals had turnover values of 0.15 micrograms.g-1.h-1. Turnover data indicate severe depression in myocardial sympathetic nerve activity during hypothermia but a significant increase above normothermic control levels during rewarming from hypothermia. PMID- 7228770 TI - Increasing intracranial pressure with air causes air embolism, not neurogenic pulmonary edema. AB - In an effort to duplicate a previous model of neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), we maintained intracranial pressure (PIC) at 20 Torr below mean arterial pressure in six closed-chested dogs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose and urethan. This was accomplished by infusing 1) isotonic saline (NS), 2) a gas mixture of 80% helium and 20% oxygen (HeO2), or 3) 100% carbon dioxide (CO2) through a trephined hole into the subdural space. Three more animals were studied with the same protocol after thoracotomy to permit Doppler examination for bubbles in the left pulmonary artery. Significant increases in pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, physiological shunt, dead space fraction, and hypoxemia were recorded when Pic was elevated by HeO2 infusion but not during infusion of NS or CO2. Pulmonary gas-bubble embolism was suggested by an increase in the fraction of helium in expired gas during HeO2 infusion and confirmed by Doppler recordings. We conclude that increasing Pic with air produces the physiological changes of air embolism; this is not a satisfactory model for investigating NPE. PMID- 7228771 TI - An invertible simple equation for computation of blood O2 dissociation relations. AB - An equation that will represent blood O2 dissociation relations over the saturation range of 0-100% and be invertible is presented. The Hill equation is contained as a special case of this form. Determination of the four parameters of the equations by standard dissociation curves presented by Severinghaus gives an equation of improved accuracy when contrasted to previous treatments. A program for use of this equation with certain hand-held calculators is available. PMID- 7228772 TI - Influence of skin temperature on central thermoregulatory control of leg blood flow. AB - This study examined the influence of elevated skin temperature (Tsk) on the central thermoregulatory control of leg blood flow in five unanesthetized, chronically instrumented, resting baboons (Papio anubis and P. cynocephalus). In each experiment, mean iliac blood flow (MIBF), mean arterial blood pressure, arterial blood temperature (Tbl), and Tsk were measured, and iliac vascular conductance (IVC) was calculated. A heat exchanger was incorporated into a chronic arteriovenous femoral shunt to control Tbl. The protocol consisted of raising Tbl approximately 2.6 degrees C in thermoneutral environment (cool Tsk) an then again after Tsk had been elevated by environmental heating. A major influence of raising Tsk was the lowering of threshold Tbl at which the rise in MIBF and IVC commenced. This threshold Tbl was lowered at least 0.8 degrees C on the average. Also, over the whole range of Tbl studied (37.0-39.6 degrees C), MIBF and IVC were higher at high Tsk than at cool Tsk. Thus an elevation of Tsk significantly influences the control of skin blood flow by central thermoreceptors. PMID- 7228773 TI - Oxygen equilibrium properties of blood and hemoglobin of fetal and adult Weddell seals. AB - Oxygen equilibria of whole blood and hemoglobins from adult and fetal Weddell seals are reported. The maternal blood shows a lower O2 affinity than the fetal blood (halfsaturation O2 tension P50 = 26.9 +/- 1.18 and 21.4 +/- 1.25 Torr, respectively, at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4), and a greater Bohr effect (delta log P50/delta pH = -0.49 and -0.31, respectively, at pH 7.4-6.8), correlated with higher red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentrations (6.45 +/- 0.81 mmol.1-1, compared to 2.65 +/- 0-42 mmol.1-1 in the fetus). Both the maternal and fetal erythrocytes contain two major and two minor hemoglobin components occurring in the same ratio and the 2,3-DPG-free whole hemolysates, as well as the isolated major components from each stage, show the same oxygenation properties, ascribing the whole-blood differences to the higher adult DPG levels. A 2,3-DPG effect also appears to account for the disparity in the Bohr effects, which will favor unloading of O2 from the maternal circulation during diving as maternal and fetal blood pH decrease in parallel. PMID- 7228774 TI - Keep your premises safe. PMID- 7228775 TI - Evaluation of a surgical technique for repair of equine accessory carpal bone fractures. AB - In 9 horses, osteotomies were performed to simulate accessory carpal bone fractures. Screw fixation, aided by a large C-clamp, was performed on 6 of the 9 horses. Three were treated conservatively, as controls, with fractures not repaired; they remained clinically lame throughout the 6-month study. Fibrocartilaginous nonunion developed in each of the 3 controls. At 150 days, the principals were free of lameness, with evidence of bony union. The results of clinical, radiographic, and pathologic evaluations showed surgical repair to be superior to prolonged rest in treating equine accessory carpal bone fractures. PMID- 7228776 TI - Carpal bone lesions associated with angular limb deformities in foals. AB - Six foals with angular limb deformities present at birth or shortly after were examined. The limb deformities were caused by abnormalities of the carpal bones and included hypoplasia and osteochondritis dissecans. The 3rd carpal bone was affected most frequently. PMID- 7228777 TI - Radiographic detection and characterization of palmar lesions in the equine fetlock joint. AB - Subchondral lesions were identified in the distal palmar region of the third metacarpus in 21 fetlock joints of 15 Thoroughbred horses. The lesions were more commonly identified on the lateromedial and flexed lateral projection, with the flexed lateral projection permitting optimal visualization of the lesion. Lesions appeared as poorly marginated, radiolucent defects and were located at the level of the base of the proximal sesamoid bones. The shape and distribution of the radiolucent defects were: crescent, 4; flattened, 4; shallow concavity, 5; deep concavity, 3; oval, 3; and circular, 2. Secondary joint disease was commonly identified in joints with these lesions and was more severe when the lesions increased in size and were irregular at the subchondral bony surface. Three horses with the palmar lesions were rested and re-examined after 16, 40, or 56 weeks. The lesions appeared smaller and less distinct on a subsequent examination for 2 horses, but the degree of secondary joint disease had increased in all 3 horses. Identification of palmar lesions when small seems important for the successful return of the Thoroughbred to racing soundness. PMID- 7228778 TI - Multifocal osteolysis in a horse: a case report with special emphasis on the radiologic and pathologic findings. PMID- 7228780 TI - Use of fluorocarbon polymer and carbon fiber for restoration of facial contour in a horse. AB - A 10-year-old gelding was operated on for a depression fracture involving the frontal, lacrimal, and nasal bones. The fracture had been sustained 4 months prior to surgery and was healed. Fluorocarbon polymer and carbon fiber was implanted subperiosteally to reconstruct the defect, giving the animal a more cosmetic appearance. PMID- 7228779 TI - Torsion of the spermatic cord in a horse. AB - A 360-degree torsion of the left spermatic cord was diagnosed in a 2 1/2-year-old Quarter Horse colt. Clinical signs included abdominal discomfort, with slight elevations in heart and respiratory rates. The scrotum on the left side was moist and edematous. The left testicle was enlarged, firm, and retracted slightly toward the abdominal cavity. The colt resented palpation of the testicle. On rectal palpation, the left vaginal ring and the structures passing through the ring were edematous and painful to pressure. Surgical correction was achieved by emasculation. The tail of the epididymis and an elongated portion of the body of the epididymis were attached to the left testicle by an unduly long mesorchium. The caudal ligament of the epididymis and the proper ligament of the testis were elongated. These anatomic variations may have predisposed to torsion of the spermatic cord. PMID- 7228781 TI - Intestinal infarction associated with mesenteric vascular thrombotic disease in the horse. AB - Intestinal infarction associated with cranial mesenteric artery thrombosis, without strangulation obstruction of the intestine, was studied in 18 horses. Findings normally of value in evaluating horses with acute abdominal pain (heart rate, rectal palpation findings, gastric reflux) or classification of the degree of pain were not helpful in diagnosing the problem. Similarly, packed cell volume, plasma total protein, circulating white blood cell count, peritoneal white blood cell count, and peritoneal fluid total protein were not of value in predicting severity of the intestinal damage, location of infarction, or patient survival. In one half of the cases, peritoneal fluid color was of aid in distinguishing intestinal infarction from strangulation. Findings on gross dissection and limited histologic examination did not support the premise that thromboembolism was the major mechanism for production of infarction. In most of the horses, a thrombus or embolus was not found in the peripheral mesenteric vessels. PMID- 7228782 TI - Metabolic abnormalities associated with rupture of the urinary bladder in neonatal foals. AB - Rupture of the urinary bladder was diagnosed in 4 neonatal male foals. Marked hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hyperkalemia developed in all 4 cases, and the electrolyte abnormalities were considered to be of potential diagnostic value. Blood urea nitrogen concentration was normal or only slightly higher than normal in 3 of 4 cases and therefore was not a reliable diagnostic test. PMID- 7228783 TI - Clinicopathologic effects of rapid infusion of 5% sodium bicarbonate in 5% dextrose in the horse. AB - Clinicopathologic effects of rapid intravenous infusion of 3 L of 5% dextrose in water containing 150 g of sodium bicarbonate were evaluated in 8 clinically normal horses. A highly significant metabolic alkalosis was produced in all the horses. This response was maximal at the end of the 20-minute infusion but persisted for as long as 8 hours. Packed cell volume, total plasma proteins, plasma potassium, and plasma chloride concentration decreased significantly after infusion, while plasma sodium concentration increased significantly. The clinical and clinicopathological responses of the horses were comparable to those in man and other animal species. PMID- 7228784 TI - Evaluation of an intravenous catheter for use in the horse. AB - A commercially available polyvinyl chloride intravenous catheter was studied in 9 horses for 3 to 10 days to evaluate the catheter's suitability for use in the horse, to develop a new insertion technique, and to establish a protocol for catheter care. Seven of the animals were clinically normal horses receiving parenteral nutrition; one was a horse with hypocalcemia receiving frequent intravenous injections of calcium gluconate, and one was a clinically normal horse receiving no infusions. The catheter dressings were changed every 48 hours, and an aspirate from the catheter and the catheter tip was cultured at the time of catheter removal. One catheter became infected following a break in the protocol. It was concluded that the polyvinyl catheter is suitable for use in the horse and that the proposed protocol for catheter insertion and maintenance may reduce the likelihood of complications such as catheter sepsis, thrombophlebitis, and embolism. PMID- 7228785 TI - Aflatoxicosis in horses. AB - Two episodes of acute aflatoxin poisoning in horses suggest that horses are susceptible to the toxic effects of this mycotoxin. Lesions associated with exposure to aflatoxin included encephalomalacia of cerebral hemispheres, fatty degeneration, necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, fibrosis of the liver, fatty infiltration of the kidney, hemorrhagic enteritis, and myocardial degeneration. Hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and depletion of lymphocytes accompanied these lesions. The diagnosis was based on gross and histopathologic observations, consistent with observations of other species poisoned with aflatoxin, and isolation of the toxin from feed and animal tissues. Removing contaminated feed prevented further morbidity or mortality. PMID- 7228786 TI - Bacillus piliformis infection (Tyzzer's disease) in foals in northwestern United States: a retrospective study of 21 cases. AB - From Jan 1, 1967 through June 1980, 21 cases of Bacillus piliformis infection (Tyzzer's disease) in foals were diagnosed at the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory. Affected foals died between 7 and 35 days of age. Of 4 Arabian foals with the disease, 2 also had combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 7228787 TI - Stallion spermatozoal morphology and motility and their relationships to fertility. PMID- 7228788 TI - Osteomyelitis of the sustentaculum talus in a pony. PMID- 7228789 TI - An unusual fracture of the tarsus in two horses. PMID- 7228790 TI - Selective intra-articular anesthesia as an aid in the diagnosis of bone spavin. PMID- 7228791 TI - Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bacteremia in two horses. PMID- 7228792 TI - Idiopathic hypersegmentation of neutrophils in a horse. PMID- 7228793 TI - Transport of plasma for prothrombin time testing in monitoring warfarin therapy in the horse. PMID- 7228794 TI - Prostaglandin F2 alpha for treatment of pyometra in the mare. PMID- 7228795 TI - Chloramphenicol therapy in large animals. PMID- 7228797 TI - Pupillary neuro-ophthalmic analysis in patients with intraocular lenses. AB - Many of the currently used lens implants are iris fixated and change pupillary shape. Concomitant iris surgery and posterior synechiae can make evaluation of pupillary responses difficult in the implanted patient. Pupillary evaluation if critical to neuro-ophthalmic diagnosis, and the presence or absence of a Marcus Gunn pupil is the most common clinical entity likely to be evaluated in the age group of patients with intraocular lenses. A Marcus Gunn pupil can be diagnosed when only one pupil is functional. PMID- 7228796 TI - Thoughts on pharmacologic research. PMID- 7228798 TI - Laser photomydriasis in pseudophakic pupillary block. AB - Pupillary block glaucoma is a potential complication of implantation. Early recognition and prompt medical therapy will generally successfully treat the condition. In some instances surgical treatment is required if medical therapy is inadequate. Laser iridectomy and laser photomydriasis are other alternatives to surgical therapy. This case reports successful treatment of pseudophakic pupillary block glaucoma using laser photomydriasis. PMID- 7228799 TI - Specular microscopy with intraocular lens implantations. AB - Specular microscopy performed six months postoperatively on 122 lens implant patients showed that endothelial cell loss rates varied according to method of cataract extraction and type of lens implant. Phacoemulsification with implantation of a Platina-style lens was associated with the highest cell loss; planned extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a Choyce-style or J-loop lens was associated with the lowest cell loss. The presence of marked striate keratopathy on the first postoperative day was directly related to endothelial cell loss. PMID- 7228800 TI - Aniseikonia in patients with a unilateral artificial lens, measured with Aulhorn's phase difference haploscope. AB - Aniseikonia was measured in unilaterally pseudophakic patients using Aulhorn's phase difference haploscope. Mean values of aniseikonia were 1.5% horizontally and 2.0% vertically without correction, and 2.1% horizontally and 2.3% vertically with correction. With spectacle correction, the greater the dioptric difference between two eyes, the greater the amount of aniseikonia. In either case, patients tolerated these amounts of aniseikonia according to our criteria of aniseikonia tolerance. PMID- 7228801 TI - Cystoid macular edema following secondary lens implantation. AB - We reviewed 224 cases that had undergone secondary lens implantation. Cystoid macular edema occurred in 16 (7.1%) cases; edema was transient in 14 (6.3%) cases and permanent in two (0.8%) cases. Three factors seem to affect the incidence of CME: time lapse between cataract extraction and lens implantation; a positive preoperative fluorescein angiogram; and vitreous loss during lens implantation- if implantation is performed within a year of cataract extraction. Two eyes with pre-existing CME and a functional vision of 20/100 or better deteriorated to 20/200 or less after secondary lens implantation due to permanent macula edema. However, the incidence of postoperative CME can be as low as 1.3% if the macula is clear on the preoperative fluorescein angiogram and if surgery is performed no sooner than one year after cataract extraction. PMID- 7228802 TI - Clinical factors relating to cystoid macular edema after lens implantation. AB - Of 232 eyes undergoing intracapsular or extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a Binkhorst-style 2-loop lens, 46 (20%) developed persistent or transient clinical cystoid macular edema. The incidence of cystoid mascular edema was lowest when the posterior capsule and vitreous face were intact, and was unaffected by administration of prophylactic oral indomethacin. PMID- 7228803 TI - Traumatic fracture of a Choyce-style anterior chamber lens. AB - Accidental blunt trauma to a pseudophakic eye fractured the Choyce-style lens which had been implanted 11 months previously. This lens was removed, and its fracture was examined microscopically and duplicated experimentally using a torque-loading force and a shock-loading force. The nature and occurrence of lens fracture in situ depends on the direction of trauma. PMID- 7228805 TI - An acapsular posterior chamber lens. AB - Single-plane posterior chamber lenses cannot be used when the posterior capsule is not intact. Use of a two-lane posterior chamber lens is independent of capsular integrity and retains the advantages of a posteriorly positioned optic. This acapsular posterior chamber lens has two posterior J-loops on the same plane as the optic and two anterior closed loops which are positioned in front of the iris. Use of this lens in 28 cases was associated with minimal subluxation and pseudophakodonesis. PMID- 7228804 TI - The Shearing intraocular lens: a report of 1,000 cases. AB - Implantation of Shearing and Shearing-style J-loop posterior chamber lenses in 1000 cases was associated with an absence of corneal decompensation and a low incidence of glaucoma, cystoid macular edema, iritis, vitritis and retinal detachment. The low complication rate was attributed to the posterior chamber position of the J-loop lens, which may reduce the movement of intraocular fluid and tissue. PMID- 7228806 TI - Use of regression formulas for IOL power calculation. PMID- 7228807 TI - Suture-induced astigmatism. PMID- 7228808 TI - Posterior capsule opacification. PMID- 7228809 TI - An automatic instrument for preoperative ocular compression. AB - An automated machine for the application of intermittent preoperative ocular compression is described. Its intermittent action allows retinal perfusion at regular intervals and use of a much higher pressure than would be allowed with a constant compression device. The shorter compression time necessary with this machine allows less time for retrobulbar anesthesia to wear off. Its use safely and rapidly reduces intraocular pressure before surgery. PMID- 7228810 TI - A new method of inserting the J-loop posterior chamber lens to achieve capsular fixation and consistent centering. PMID- 7228811 TI - Use of an anterior chamber bridging cannula to prevent endothelial damage during posterior chamber lens insertion. AB - There is considerable risk of marked endothelial cell loss associated with insertion of an intraocular implant into an eye which has shown a tendency to anterior chamber collapse or shallowing during manipulation of the cataract section. A technique of bridging the anterior chamber for safe insertion of a J loop posterior chamber lens is described. PMID- 7228812 TI - A minority recruitment and retention model for a Department of Medical Allied Health Professions. AB - A model for the recruitment and retention of minority students for a department of medical allied health professionals has been developed. The model includes four major components: recruitment, admissions, support systems, and career realization. Suggestions for implementation and coordination of model activities revolve around the services of a minority student advocate whose job description is provided. Specific criteria for evaluation and the time table for implementation of the model are suggested. The model has implications for improving the potential for a positive experience for minority allied health students who apply to and enroll in majority campuses of higher education. PMID- 7228813 TI - A working model for allied health clinical practice. AB - Allied health educators are expected to have exemplary clinical skills. Opportunities to practice are often limited in the academic setting. One method for insuring the maintenance of clinical skills among allied health faculty is a professional practice clinic. The University of Texas School of Allied Health Sciences at Houston, in conjunction with a teaching affiliate, Hermann Hospital, has opened a free-standing nutrition clinic on a fee-for-service basis. Reasons for establishing a clinical practice included: 1) to provide opportunities for faculty to practice; 2) to provide a teaching laboratory; 3) to provide a community service; 4) to provide a mechanism for research with defined groups; and 5) to facilitate faculty development with fee-generated income. A partnership model between the university and hospital was proposed which included the organizational structure, description of services, fee schedule, and funding base. Evaluation areas will include: impact on educational program, effectiveness as health counselors, faculty and staff growth, and generated income as profit. PMID- 7228814 TI - The Learning Preference Inventory. AB - The development, validity, and reliability of the Learning Preference Inventory (LPI) and its use with health professions' students and practitioners are described in this paper. The LPI yields six scores to register preferences for the following kinds of learning: Abstract, Concrete, Individual, Interpersonal, Student-structured, and Teacher-structured. The six scales of the LPI have been supported by factor analysis, thereby establishing content validity. Construct validity is demonstrated in studies with allied health and pharmacy students. Internal consistency reliabilities for the six scales range from .72 to .88. While the majority of allied health and pharmacy students tested prefer teacher structured and concrete learning tasks and situations, many individuals differ from this pattern. Use of the LPI permits identification of individual learning preferences with a fair degree of accuracy. Ways to improve motivation for learning by adjusting teaching methods and assignments to learning preferences are suggested. PMID- 7228815 TI - Financial planning of continuing education for health professions. AB - With the increase in continuing education programs being developed for more health professionals, more information for decision making is essential. A study was conducted to define costs of continuing education programming and to examine the productivity of the professional staff. Sixty-one programs were developed and offered in a semi-rural setting over a four-year period. Of the programs analyzed, 39.4% were interdisciplinary programs, 26.2% were allied health programs, 21.3% were nursing programs, and 13.1% were miscellaneous programs. During the four-year period, there were 4,528 participants. A total of 27,835 instructional units were generated. The direct program expenses totalled $47,411, with a cost per instructional unit of $1.70. To determine the total cost of programming, the supporting staff salaries were allocated to the programs and added to the direct program expenses. Staff salaries were allocated in three ways: by program, by participant, or by instructional unit. Based on the allocations, the average total cost per program was $3,488; the average total cost per participant was $47; and the average total cost per instructional unit was $7.65. Staff productivity figures were derived by comparing the numbers of programs offered to the full-time equivalency staff for a given period. Professional staff productivity was found to be equivalent to approximately seven programs per year with about 500 participants. PMID- 7228816 TI - The psychodynamics of coronary heart rehabilitation: some basic understandings for allied health professionals. AB - This paper details some of the patient's psychological factors with which each allied health professional must deal when interacting with an ill person. Successful professional/patient intervention is heavily dependent on a sensitivity to these factors. Within this framework, this paper deals with the personality dynamics which facilitate the effective rehabilitation of patients in general, but coronary heart disease patients in particular. PMID- 7228817 TI - Faculty self-appraisal. AB - This article describes a specified procedure for faculty self-appraisal based on setting reasonable goals, identifying resources for the evaluation of those goals, and selecting appropriate self-evaluative tools. It is recommended that goals for personal improvement be considered from the perspectives of one's own ambitions as well as significant others involved in the evaluation of faculty performance. Successful faculty tap the resources of administration, institution, and publications in selecting self-appraisal measures. A comprehensive evaluative system would include measures for appraisal of teaching, teaching-related activities, service, and research. PMID- 7228818 TI - Allied health perspectives in the 1980s. AB - A number of changes taking place in our society are affecting the health care delivery system and influencing allied health education and practice. This article summarizes changes in population characteristics, technology, disease patterns, health care needs, and the programs designed to meet those needs as they influence health personnel development in general and allied health in particular. A current definition of allied health is presented, along with an analysis of allied health personnel in the health care work force and of educational programs preparing allied health personnel. Implications of trends in allied health in the United States are projected and current eras in allied health education are discussed. Finally, the recommendations of the National Commission on Allied Health Education are summarized along the the programmatic response of the American Society of Allied Health Professions. PMID- 7228819 TI - Hydrolysis of selected organophosphorus insecticides by two bacteria isolated from flood soil. PMID- 7228820 TI - Metal content of shark muscle powder biological reference material. AB - Powdered dried shark muscle (Cephaloscyllium umbratile) is a promising biological reference material for metal analysis. Homogeneity indices (CV%) for Na, K, Zn, As, Ca, and Hg of the shark powder were within 5%. Mercury and arsenic concentrations (total Hg, 9.1 ppm dry wt, As, 99 ppm dry wt) in shark powder are relatively high. Muscle can be obtained inexpensively, and the powder can be preserved indefinitely if kept cold. PMID- 7228821 TI - Hydrogen selenide evolution-electrothermal atomic absorption method for determining nanogram levels of total selenium. AB - A hydrogen selenide (H2Se) evolution-electrothermal atomic absorption method is described for determining nanogram concentrations of total selenium (Se) in biological and environmental materials. A mixed acid digestion procedure is used to decompose organic material. Sodium borohydride, a redesigned hydride generator, and an electric-headed absorption tube are used for H2Se evolution and conversion to atomic Se. The method has a detection limit of 4 ng/mL and a sensitivity of 0.6 ng/mL, and is linear from 0 to 90 ng Se/mL. As determined on urine, water, and bovine liver, total and within-run precision had relative and standard deviation values of 5-17.2 and 5.5-12.6% respectively. Accuracy was established with 2 NBS and 3 EPA reference materials, and mean errors of 0 to +0.8 were obtained. Mean recoveries of 109 and 101% were obtained for 10 and 50 ng Se added to human urine. PMID- 7228823 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of propionic acid in bread and cake. AB - A simple and accurate method is presented for gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) determination of propionic acid in bakery products. Propionic acid is extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane and formic acid to which isobutyric acid has been added as an internal standard. The extract is injected directly into the GLC system. A glass column packed with 5% SP-1000 is used. The simplicity and convenience of the method make it suitable for routine determination. PMID- 7228822 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic detection an determination of diacetyl tartaric acid ester of diglyceride in dairy and nondairy coffee cream powders. AB - Diacetyl tartaric acid ester of diglyceride was directly extracted from dairy or nondairy coffee cream powder under acidic conditions with ethyl acetate; then the extract was saponified with methanolic potash. After acidification with HCl, free fatty acid was removed with ether and the reaction mixture was absorbed on an anion exchange column. Tartaric acid was eluted with 2N HCl-acetone (1+1). An aliquot of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative of the eluate was injected into a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detection, and a 1.5% SE-30 column. Recoveries of diacetyl tartaric acid ester of diglyceride at 50, 200, and 2000 ppm were 85.6-99.5%. PMID- 7228824 TI - Novel cleanup method for quantitative gas chromatographic determination of trace amounts of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in fish lipid. AB - A new, simple, and rapid cleanup procedure is described for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) residues in fish lipids. Extracted are chromatographed on small alumina:sulfuric acid-impregnated alumina (layered) columns after gel permeation chromatography of the fish lipid extracts on BioBeads SX-3. Quantitative analyses were carried out by electron capture gas chromatography using 2 columns. Spiked DEHP recoveries varied from 79.3% in mackerel to 86.3% in herring. DEHP concentrations were determined in plaice, eel, redfish, herring, cod, and mackerel tissues and ranged from trace (less than 0.001 microgram/g) to approximately 10 microgram/g (wet wt basis). Ethanolic KOH saponification of the purified DEHP fraction, resulting in the disappearance of the DEHP peak, was used as a confirmatory test. Limited studies with dibutyl, di-n-heptyl, and diethyl phthalates suggest that the method can be made more versatile. PMID- 7228825 TI - Extraction of light filth from tea: collaborative study. AB - The present AOAC method for determining insect and rodent filth in tea is time consuming because it produced filter papers which are heavy in plant residue and therefore required long paper-reading times. A new method for the analysis of light filth in tea was developed to remedy existing problems and to improve recoveries. The method consists of the following steps: sample preparation, wet sieving, dilution with 40% isopropanol, flotation with mineral oil-heptane, and trapping off in a Wildman trap flask. In an interlaboratory collaborative study, analysts reported combined insect fragment recoveries of 99.2% for the proposed method and 93.0% for the AOAC method; the same analysts recorded combined rodent hair recoveries of 92.2% for the proposed method and 47.6% for the official method. Average times for reading individual subsamples were 9 min for the proposed method and 27 min for AOAC method. the proposed method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 7228826 TI - pH Determination in acidified foods: collaborative study. AB - A proposed method for determining pH of acidified foods has been developed and subjected to collaborative study. The method appears to be both accurate and precise. Five samples consisting of pimientos, marinated pimientos, 2 pH buffer solutions, and chocolate syrup were sent to each of 12 collaborators along with a copy of the method. Two of the collaborators were FDA District laboratories while the remainder were representatives from industry, universities, and state health agencies. Many different types of pH meters and combinations of electrodes were used by the collaborators. The tabulated results from the collaborators are presented. The method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 7228827 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of phenol in honey. AB - A method is described for determining phenol in honey by using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). An internal standard, 2-phenylethanol, was added to honey which was steam-distilled and chromatographed on a 25 cm x 3.2 mm id Spherisorb 5 micro m silicic acid column using water as the mobile phase. Absorbance was monitored at 195 nm. Using a mixed standard of known concentration and peak height measurements, the amount of phenol in the honey could be quantitated. Recovery of added phenol was checked at levels from 0.1 to 33 ppm. PMID- 7228828 TI - Improved cleanup technique for estimation of endosulfan residues from fish tissues under tropical conditions. AB - A new solvent system 1% and 2% acetone in hexane, was developed for chromatography on partially inactivated Florisil to facilitate the separation of isomers of endosulfan and its metabolites from fish tissues under tropical conditions. By using the colorimetric method of Maitlen et al. (1963), the minimum detectable limit for each isomer of endosulfan in various fish tissues is 5 micro g. With this solvent system, the 2 isomers present in the technical material can be separated, so their toxicity to fish can be assessed separately. PMID- 7228829 TI - Early ambulation and hospital discharge after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7228830 TI - An evaluation of clinical application of echoencephalography in neuropsychiatric patients. PMID- 7228831 TI - Utility of psychiatric unit in a teaching general hospital a study of in-patient psychiatric referrals. PMID- 7228832 TI - Cholestatic jaundice--a retrospective study. PMID- 7228833 TI - Congestive heart failure in juvenile rheumatics. PMID- 7228835 TI - Medicine in the Soviet Union. PMID- 7228836 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria with the syndrome of inappropriate adh secretion (SIADH) (a report of two cases). PMID- 7228834 TI - Radiographic changes in osseous structures in patients with sickle cell anaemia with crisis. PMID- 7228837 TI - Pancoast syndrome. PMID- 7228838 TI - Unusual case of right ventricular and right atrial endomyocardial fibrosis with gross calcification of endocardium and myocardium. PMID- 7228839 TI - Tricuspid atresia: a spectrum of variation. PMID- 7228840 TI - Recurrence of rheumatic carditis in adults. PMID- 7228841 TI - A clinical study of amoebic pericarditis. PMID- 7228842 TI - Nutritional anaemias in India. PMID- 7228843 TI - Acute viral hepatitis with Guillain Barre syndrome (a case report). PMID- 7228844 TI - A case of hypokalemic type of periodic paralysis (case report). PMID- 7228845 TI - [Tritium toxicity--about various factors involved in maximum permissible body burden calculation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7228847 TI - [Dosimetry and dose specification in neutrontherapy at "CYCLONE" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7228846 TI - Internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer. PMID- 7228848 TI - Urinary carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with urogenital diseases. Preliminary results. PMID- 7228849 TI - Practical considerations on the hospital quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 7228850 TI - Radioprotection in radioactive iodine therapy. Report of the Radioprotection Commission Societe Belge de Medecine Nucleaire. PMID- 7228851 TI - A rapid controller of temperature for use in determining Arrhenius profiles in biomembrane systems. AB - To minimize artifacts in temperature-velocity (Arrhenius) profiles due to aging of preparations of biological membranes, a rapid controller of temperature was developed for spectrophotometric or polarographic (02 electrode) measurements. The reaction mixture is cooled or heated through contact with Peltier elements. One Pt temperature sensor in the cuvette or electrode holder controls current flow into the Peltier units, and another Pt temperature sensor in the reaction mixture is used to read out the sample temperature on a meter or recorder, and to provide feedback control. The sample temperature can be reproducibly set to within 0.1 degree C, with a noise level of 0.04 degrees C or less; a change of 4 degrees C takes 1 min. PMID- 7228852 TI - Mechanism of mitochondrial transport of thallous ions. AB - Rat liver mitochondria were found to swell under nonenergized conditions when suspended in media containing 30-40 mM TINO3. Respiration on succinate caused a rapid contraction of mitochondria swollen under nonenergized conditions. In the presence of thallous acetate, there was a rapid initial swelling under nonenergized conditions until a plateau was reached; respiration on succinate then caused a further swelling. Trace amounts of 204Tl (less than 100 microM) equilibrated fairly rapidly across the mitochondrial membrane. The influx of Tl+ was able to promote the decay not only of a valinomycin-induced K+-diffusion potential but also of respiration-generated fields in the inner membrane in accordance with the electrophoretic nature of Tl+ movement. Efflux of Tl+ showed a half-time of about 10 sec at 20 degrees C and was not affected appreciably by the energy state. Efflux was retarded by Mg2+ and by lowering the temperature. The data indicate that Tl+ when present at high concentrations, 30mM or more, distributes across the mitochondrial inner membrane both in response to electrical fields and to delta pH. In energized mitochondria the uptake of Tl+ would occur electrophoretically, while Tl+/H+ exchange would constitute a leak. In the presence of NO3-, the movements of Tl+ are determined by that of NO3-, indicating short-range coupling of electrical forces. At low concentrations of Tl+, 5 mM or less, there was no indication of a Tl+/H+ exchange, which appears to be induced by high concentrations of Tl+. PMID- 7228853 TI - Post-translational glycosylation-induced activation of aglycoinsulin receptor accumulated during tunicamycin treatment. AB - Tunicamycin, which inhibits N-linked oligosaccharide chain addition to nascent polypeptides, interrupts glycosylation of the insulin receptor in 3T3-L1 adipocytes giving rise to inactive receptors. Chronic exposure of cells to low levels (100 ng/ml) of high performance liquid chromatography-purified tunicamycin causes a greater than or equal to 90% depletion of insulin binding to cell surface and Triton X-100-extractable receptors and a 93% inhibition of [3H]glucosamine incorporation into protein in alkali-stable form. Under identical conditions, protein synthesis was inhibited less than 10%. Recovery of insulin binding activity after the removal of tunicamycin achieves 70-80% of control activity within 36 h. Concomitant with the withdrawal of tunicamycin, cells were shifted to medium containing heavy (greater than 95% 15N, 13C, 2H) amino acids after which Triton X-100-solubilized "light" and "heavy" insulin receptors were separated isopycnically on CsCl density gradients. A kinetic analysis of the recovery of functional receptors revealed that the initial appearance of previously synthesized light receptor was followed, after a short lag, by newly synthesized heavy receptor. Similar levels of light receptor, but no new heavy receptor, accrue in the presence of cycloheximide. This strongly suggests that inactive aglycoinsulin receptor accumulated post-translationally during chronic treatment with tunicamycin and then re-entered the glycosylation pathway when the inhibitor was removed giving rise to a functional insulin receptor. PMID- 7228854 TI - Enantioselectivity of microsomal epoxide hydrolase toward arene oxide substrates. AB - The enantioselectivity of native and purified hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase toward one symmetrical arene oxide, phenanthrene 9,10-oxide, and the resolved enantiomers of the three chiral arene oxide substrates, benzo[a]pyrene 4,5- and 7,8-oxide and benzo[a]anthracene 5,6-oxide was examined. A model lipid system of nonionic detergent micelles was used to solubilize both substrates and products. The enantioselectivity of purified epoxide hydrolase in micellar solution was essentially the same as the microsomal enzyme in the absence of detergent. Regioselectivity of the enzyme was determined by a gas chromatographic mass spectrometric procedure in which bis-trifluoroacetates of the dihydrodiols were pyrolyzed to trifluoroacetylphenols to locate the position of the enzyme catalyzed incorporation of 18O from H218O into the dihydrodiol. Correlation of the enantio- and regioselectivity data with the known absolute configurations of the dihydrodiols permitted the assignment of the (4S,5R) and (5S,6R) absolute configurations to (+)-benzo[a]pyrene 4,5- and (+)-benzo[a]anthracene 5,6-oxide, respectively. A kinetic analysis of the hydration of arene oxide substrates in micellar solution is presented. The kinetic discrimination of the enzyme toward substrate enantiomers and the product enantioselectivity of the enzyme are discussed in terms of possible molecular deformations occurring in the transition state and the ability of the enzyme to bind and stabilize these transition states. PMID- 7228855 TI - The location and nature of calcium-binding sites in salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoproteins. AB - The location of the calcium-binding sites in the human acidic proline-rich proteins, salivary proteins A and C, were determined by equilibrium dialysis of the tryptic peptides with buffers containing 45Ca. All the calcium-binding sites are located in the NH2-terminal tryptic peptide (TX peptide). The nature of the calcium binding sites in the TX peptide and native salivary proteins A and C, as well as dephosphorylated proteins were compared. Two types of sites can be distinguished in peptide TX. Type I sites have an apparent dissociation constant (K) of 38 microM and are responsible for the binding of 2.6 mol of Ca/mol of peptide. The corresponding figures for Type II sites are 780 microM and 5.3 mol of Ca/mol of peptide. In the native proteins, the amount of calcium bound at the type II sites decreases to 3.9 mol of Ca/mol of proteins A and C and K increases to 1100 microM. The amount of calcium bound at type I sites decreases to 1.5 mol/mol of protein A and 0.6 mol/mol of protein C, but there is no change in K. Dephosphorylation affects the calcium binding at both types of sites. The experiments indicate that the COOH-terminal parts of the native proteins affect the number and the nature of the protein calcium-binding sites. Proton and phosphorous NMR data demonstrate that beta-COOH in aspartic acid, as well as phosphoserine, are part of the calcium-binding sites. The difference in calcium binding to salivary proteins A and C may be due at least partially to differences in the environment of one or more aspartic acids. PMID- 7228856 TI - The existence of independent domain structures in human Lys77-plasminogen. PMID- 7228857 TI - Total enzymic synthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol. Cytochrome b5-dependence of 4-methyl sterol oxidase. AB - Methyl sterol oxidase of microsomal synthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol is a mixed-function oxidase that is dependent upon reduced pyridine nucleotide. The methyl sterol oxidase, as well as NADH-cytochrome c reductase, in intact rat liver microsomes are inhibited by anti-cytochrome b5 immunoglobulin, but NADPH cytochrome c reductase is not affected. There is a decreased time lag prior to onset of reoxidation of steady state levels of reduced cytochrome b5 when 4 methyl sterol oxidase substrates are present. Trypsin treatment of microsomes destroys cytochrome b5 with loss of methyl sterol oxidase activity. Activity is restored by addition of purified cytochrome b5 to trypsin-treated microsomes. Initial attempts to solubilize and purify 4-methyl sterol oxidase have been only partially successful due to the extreme lability of the oxidase. However, DEAE cellulose column chromatography of a detergent extract of microsomes yields a fraction that contains the oxidase, lipids, and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase but is free of cytochrome b5. Oxidation of 4 alpha [30-3H] methyl-5 alpha-cholest-7 en-3 beta-ol by methyl sterol oxidase in this isolated fraction can be fully restored by the addition of purified liver microsomal cytochrome b5. These results strongly support the suggestion that membrane-bound cytochrome b5 of rat liver microsomes is an obligatory electron carrier from NADH to 4-methyl sterol oxidase. PMID- 7228858 TI - ADP ribosylation of membrane proteins from human fibroblasts. Effect of prior exposure of cells to choleragen. AB - Major labeled bands of Mr = 42,000 and 47,000 were observed on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human skin fibroblast membranes incubated with choleragen and [32P]NAD. Prior incubation of intact fibroblasts with choleragen blocked specifically the subsequent in vitro labeling of these two proteins. The effect of choleragen was dependent on time, temperature, and toxin concentration. Neither the choleragen A subunit nor the B subunit nor the A1 peptide could replace the holotoxin in cell incubations. Inhibition of subsequent in vitro labeling by prior exposure of cells to choleragen was correlated with increased cellular cAMP. Incubation of fibroblasts with prostaglandin E1 and isoproterenol, which activate adenylate cyclase by different mechanisms, did not block subsequent labeling with choleragen and [32P]NAD. The results suggest that proteins of Mr = 42,000 and 47,000 may be in vivo substrates for choleragen in human fibroblasts. PMID- 7228859 TI - The effect of detergent selection on retinal outer segment A280/A500 ratios. PMID- 7228860 TI - Acetyl coenzyme A and acetylcholine in slices of rat caudate nuclei incubated in the presence of metabolic inhibitors. PMID- 7228861 TI - Binding of asialotransferrins by purified rat liver plasma membranes. AB - Interaction of four different asialotransferrins (human types 1, 2, and 3, and rabbit asialotransferrin) with purified plasma membranes from the rat liver was studied by using a direct binding assay. Binding of rabbit asialotransferrin, possessing a single biantenary glycan, was too weak to establish a complete binding curve, but the human asialotransferrins, possessing two glycan attachments, did yield binding data over a sufficiently wide range of concentrations for Scatchard plot analysis. At 22 degrees C, a quantity of plasma membrane equivalent to 1 mg of membrane protein bound comparable quantities (12.3 12.8 pmol) of the asialotransferrin types with an association constant of 1.5 X 10(6) M-1 for type 1, 1.4 X 10(7) M-1 for type 2, and 1.1 X 10(8) M-1 for type 3. At 4 degrees C, the number of binding sites and the association constants were reduced, more so for asialotransferrin types 2 and 3 than for type 1. At both temperatures, the shapes of the Scatchard plots for all three asialotransferrin types were similar: in the low range of bound asialoprotein (below 0.6-0.7 nM), each plot exhibited two to three convex peaks, tentatively identified as restricted domains of positive cooperativity; in the higher range, however, the plots were linear. The findings are consistent with the view that the binding sites involved in the binding of asialotransferrin are homogenous. PMID- 7228862 TI - Separation of cell surface glycoproteins from glycolipids by Ricinus communis agglutinin-Sepharose. PMID- 7228864 TI - Type I collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro. Additional evidence for the assembly mechanism. AB - The intensity of scattered light at angles between 30 degrees and 120 degrees has been measured during the heat gelation lag phase of rat tail tendon collagen. As previously reported, the intensity at a scattering angle of 90 degrees does not change during the lag phase of gelation, whereas during this period, the intensity extrapolated to zero degrees more than doubles. Based on measurement of the Rayleigh factor at low angles, it is concluded that the lag phase terminates when the molecular weight is greater than 930,000 which is consistent with the formation of a linear 4D staggered trimer as previously proposed. Once lateral growth begins, the molecular weight continues to increase approximately linearly with time until a molecular weight of 4 X 10(6) (5 +/- 1 trimers) is reached, at which time the rate of increase of molecular weight increases significantly. It is concluded that a trimer with about 5 strands forms during the early phases of lateral growth and appears similar to the microfibrillar unit proposed based on x ray diffraction modeling. Further growth occurs by linear and lateral addition of the trimeric units in a manner still under investigation. PMID- 7228863 TI - The effects of hydrocortisone on the biosynthesis of sulfated glycoconjugates by human fetal lung. AB - In order to study the regulation of sulfated glycoconjugate biosynthesis during human fetal lung development, an in vitro organ culture system was utilized. Tissue explants of human fetal lung maintained in organ culture undergo hydrocortisone-potentiated morphological differentiation. Human fetal lung tissue synthesized several classes of sulfated glycoconjugates, including sulfated glycosaminoglycans, sulfated lipids, and a class of glycoproteins containing sulfated oligosaccharide chains. These sulfated oligosaccharides were not released from the polypeptides under alkaline conditions that cleave O glycosidically linked chains and were not degraded by a variety of chemical and enzymatic treatments which degraded sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Explants maintained in culture during a 6-day period incorporated increasing levels of 35SO4 into glycoconjugates with increases of 7-fold into heparin and heparan sulfate, 3-fold into sulfated glycoproteins, and 2-fold into sulfated lipids. In comparison, incorporation of [3H]mannose into glycoconjugates increased 4-fold, and the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA increased 2- to 3-fold during this culture period. Tissues maintained in culture in the presence of hydrocortisone (10(-7) M) showed an enhanced incorporation of 35SO4 into heparin and heparan sulfate and into sulfated glycoproteins during the culture period compared to cultures maintained in the absence of hydrocortisone. However, the levels of 35SO4 incorporated into lipids, [3H]mannose incorporated into glycoproteins, and [3H]thymidine incorporated into DNA were markedly decreased in cultures maintained in the presence of 10(-7) M hydrocortisone. Only small differences in the synthesis of chondroitin sulfates and dermatan sulfate were observed during the 6-day period that lung tissues were maintained in culture in the presence or absence of hydrocortisone. Thus, the biosynthesis of specific sulfated glycoconjugates by human fetal lung tissues is probably regulated by both developmental events and by circulating steroids. PMID- 7228865 TI - Studies on the rate of efflux of cholesterol from cultured human skin fibroblasts. AB - The cholesterol content of normal human skin fibroblasts was increased (approximately doubled) by incubating cells in the presence of a high concentration of low density lipoprotein. Cholesterol efflux from these cells was then studied as a function of time and as a function of acceptor concentration. High density lipoprotein from which essentially all of the cholesterol had been removed by heptane extraction was used as a model acceptor (cholesterol-depleted high density lipoprotein). Using a sensitive enzymatic assay, it was possible to measure the increase in medium cholesterol and the decrease in cell cholesterol content simultaneously. Release was approximately a linear function of time for at least 6-12 h. A maximal rate of release was obtained at 20 micrograms of protein/ml (50% of excess stored sterol released in about 12 h); increasing the acceptor concentration 10-fold (to 200 micrograms/ml) failed to increase efflux rate. Comparison of the rates of fall of free and ester cholesterol levels suggested that hydrolysis of the ester may be rate-limiting when cholesterol depleted high density lipoprotein is used as the acceptor. The results imply that above saturating concentrations of acceptor, acceptor-cell interaction is no longer limiting and that the rate of efflux of cholesterol under such conditions depends on intracellular processes necessary to make cholesterol available to the acceptor (e.g. hydrolysis of cholesterol esters and transfer of cholesterol from intracellular sites to the plasma membrane). Whether or not the concentrations of acceptor bathing cells in vivo is normally rate-limiting remains to be determined. PMID- 7228866 TI - Diphtheria toxin:receptor interaction. Characterization of the receptor interaction with the nucleotide-free toxin, the nucleotide-bound toxin, and the B fragment of the toxin. PMID- 7228867 TI - Isolation and characterization of a tamoxifen-resistant cell line derived from MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. AB - A tamoxifen-resistant variant (R27) was selected by cloning wild type MCF-7 cells. R27 has the same growth rate as MCF-7 under optimal conditions. But tamoxifen has no effect on the growth rate (growth constant of R27 under control condition, 0.071 +/- 0.007 day-1; tamoxifen-treated cells, 0.073 +/- 0.011 day-1) and minimal effects on thymidine incorporation in R27, whereas tamoxifen has a strongly suppressive effect on the growth rate and thymidine incorporation in MCF 7. The estradiol-mediated stimulation of growth in R27 is somewhat less than in MCF-7 (growth constants of R27 and MCF-7 are 0.112 +/- 0.015 and 0.125 +/- 0.009 day-1, respectively. R27 contains unoccupied receptors in both cytoplasmic and crude nuclear extract fractions with slightly higher numbers of cytosol receptors than wild type MCF-7. The same dissociation constant and the same molecular weight estimated by Sephadex chromatography and the same sucrose density behavior were observed in R27 and MCF-7. Extent of competition with estradiol and tamoxifen for cytoplasmic estrogen receptor is the same for R27 and MCF-7. Induction of progesterone receptor following treatment with estradiol is the same for R27 and MCF-7. Estrogen receptor is activated by salt and nucleotide in both MCF-7 and R27; however, the extent of activation is much higher in MCF-7 than R27. PMID- 7228868 TI - Coupling between oxidation state and hydrogen bond conformation in high potential iron-sulfur protein. PMID- 7228869 TI - A new heterobifunctional cross-linking reagent for the study of biological interactions between proteins. I. Design, synthesis, and characterization. AB - A new heterobifunctional photoaffinity probe, N-(4-azidobenzoylglycyl)-S-(2 thiopyridyl)-cysteine (AGTC) can be synthesized from cysteine via a coupling of the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 4-azidobenzoylglycine to S-(2-thiopyridyl) cysteine. AGTC is readily dissolved in an aqueous buffer at pH 7.5 and is stable at room temperature in aqueous media ranging in pH from 3.0 to 9.0. No degradation is observed when AGTC in aqueous solution at pH 7.5 is exposed to laboratory fluorescent light at room temperature for 1 week. The disulfide bridge moiety of AGTC is stable to the conditions of photolysis used to activate the arylazido group for cross-linking. AGTC is incorporated (over 90% within 2 h) into such proteins as rabbit skeletal troponin C, alpha-tropomyosin, and actin through disulfide bridge formation. The degree of incorporation of AGTC into proteins can be monitored by spectrophotometric determination of the release of pyridine-2-thionine at 343 nm. This disappearance of the azido moiety of AGTC or the photoaffinity-labeled tropomyosin (AGC-tropomyosin) during photolysis can be followed by the decrease in the absorbance at 270 nm. When AGC-tropomyosin was treated with a 6 M urea, 0.1 M dithiothreitol buffer overnight, 92% of the photoaffinity probe was removed from the sulfhydryl group of tropomyosin. This reduced tropomyosin can be relabeled (over 86%) with a freshly prepared solution of AGTC, indicating the reversibility of the disulfide attachment. PMID- 7228870 TI - A new heterobifunctional cross-linking reagent for the study of biological interactions between proteins. II. Application to the troponin C-troponin I interaction. AB - A simple chromatographic procedure using DEAE-Sephadex has been established to isolate the troponin I-troponin C complex from unbound troponin I (TnI) and troponin C (TnC). A 1:1 complex can be formed between bovine cardiac carboxamidomethylated troponin I and rabbit skeletal troponin C. The formation of the complex is calcium dependent. It is stable to DEAE-chromatography in 6 M urea, 3 mM Ca2+ and can be dissociated on DEAE-chromatography in the presence of 6 M urea, 1 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. TnC was modified with the photoaffinity probe AGTC (N-(4-azidobenzoyl-[2 3H]glycyl)-S-(2-thiopyridyl)-cysteine) at its single cysteine residue (position 98). Photolysis of the CM (carboxamidomethylated)-TnI-AGC-TnC complex resulted in the formation of a covalently linked 1:1 complex. The isolated covalently linked complex could be treated with dithiothreitol to reduce the disulfide bond between N-(4-azidobenzoyl-[2-3H]glycyl)-cysteine (AGC) and TnC to complete the transfer of the radiolabeled AGC from cysteine 98 on TnC to CM-TnI. The CM-TnI-AGC was isolated from TnC on DEAE-chromatography in 6 M urea, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM dithiothreitol buffer. The formation of the covalent bond between the photoaffinity probe and TnI indicates the close proximity of TnI to cysteine 98 on the TnC. These results demonstrate the general utility of the new heterobifunctional cross-linking reagent to study protein interactions. PMID- 7228871 TI - Studies on nuclease alpha from Ustilago maydis. AB - An endonuclease active upon single-stranded DNA has been extensively purified from Ustilago maydis. The native form of the enzyme appears to be a single polypeptide chain of 55,000 daltons. The enzyme does not require addition of divalent cations for activity, but is stimulated severalfold by the transition metals Co2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. It is strongly inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 2-mercaptoethanol. The products of reaction are mononucleotides and small oligonucleotides bearing a 5'-phosphomonoester group. Superhelical DNA is cleaved by the enzyme to an open circular form, then cut to form a linear molecule. Relaxed closed circular duplex DNA is resistant to cleavage. Heteroduplex relaxed circular DNA molecules containing nonhomology or damage in only one strand were constructed and tested as substrates for the enzyme. The rate of enzymatic cleavage was found to be high relative to a control when molecules containing depurinated, deaminated, or radiation damaged sites were tested. Molecules containing a single mismatched base pair were not cleaved any faster than a completely base-paired control, unless reactions were carried out under conditions likely to introduce additional structural distortions in the DNA. Linear duplex DNA exposed to the enzyme is progressively shortened by digestion from both 5' and 3' termini. PMID- 7228872 TI - Synthesis of carriers of differing Stokes radius with activated acyl groups for use as reagents in labeling membrane proteins. AB - Compounds with the general formula C(CH2CO--(Pro)n--R1--O--COR2)4 have been synthesized with n = 0, 1, 3, 5. The R1 alcohol group provides an active ester of the acylating function R2CO--. On reaction with a nucleophile the acyl group is attached while the major part of the reagent serves as the leaving group. Even with compounds of relatively low molecular weight the extended structures represent molecules with a substantial Stokes radius. These reagents are intended to probe the accessibility of functional groups in cell organelles, particularly membranes. Subtle differences in labeling patterns have been observed in preliminary experiments with red cell ghosts.U PMID- 7228873 TI - RNA polymerase from Clostridium acidi-urici. Characterization of a naturally occurring rifampicin-resistant bacterial enzyme. AB - We report here the isolation of a prokaryotic RNA polymerase that shows pronounced template specificity. The enzyme from Clostridium acidi-urici is highly active on DNA templates isolated from phage that infect Gram-positive organisms and is essentially inactive at either high or low ionic strength on DNA from phage associated with Gram-negative bacteria. The enzyme is also unique among RNA polymerases isolated from wild type bacteria in being highly resistant to inhibition by rifampicin. These properties are characteristic of the enzyme present in several independently isolated strains of C. acidi-urici. However, RNA polymerase present in other clostridial species resembles the enzyme present in Bacillus subtilis in sensitivity to rifampicin and template specificity. PMID- 7228874 TI - Nonenzymatic glycosylation of bovine lens crystallins. Effect of aging. AB - We have investigated nonenzymatic glycosylation of crystallins from calf and mature bovine lenses (2-6 years old). The lens homogenates were treated with 200 fold molar excess of [3H]NaBH4 and the incorporation of radioactivity was determined. The extent of glycosylation was more precisely determined from the 6 N HCl hydrolysate of [3H]borohydride-treated proteins by analyzing the glucitol lysine adduct on a high pressure cation exchange column. We found that the [3H]NaBH4 incorporation and the amount of glucitol-lysine detected increased with age, particularly in HM alpha crystallin, a high molecular weight aggregate which accumulates with aging. This age-related increase in nonenzymatic glycosylation was also demonstrated by a comparison of crystallins isolated from the cortex and nucleus of a single lens. Nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens crystallins exemplifies a new form of post-transitional modification of long-lived proteins in vivo. PMID- 7228875 TI - Caprine oligosaccharide storage disease. Accumulation of beta-mannosyl (1 goes to 4) beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl (1 goes to 4) beta-N-acetylglucosamine in brain. AB - In 1975 a new caprine neurovisceral storage disease was identified in related Nubian goats in Michigan (Jones, M. Z., Cunningham, J. G., Dade, A. W., and Alessi, D. M. (1979) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 5, 513). The affected kids of both sexes showed profound neurological deficits at birth, lack of myelination in cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum, axonal lesions, and cytoplasmic vacuolation. A similar genetic syndrome arose independently in a population of Anglo-Nubian goats in New South Wales (Hartley, W. J., and Blakemore, W. F. (1973) Acta Neuropathol. 25, 325-333). Preliminary chemical characterization of an accumulated metabolite was performed. An extract of 1 g of brain from an affected goat was found to contain 2.2 mumol of the trisaccharide Man (beta 1 goes to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 goes to 4)GlcNAc (beta-mannosylchitobiose). The accumulation of this substance suggests the possibility of a genetic defect in beta-mannosidase in the catabolic pathway for N-linked complex glycopeptides and would be the first indication of a beta-mannosidosis. PMID- 7228876 TI - Caprine beta-mannosidosis. Inherited deficiency of beta-D-mannosidase. AB - A rapidly fatal neurovisceral storage disease was discovered in both male and female offspring of clinically normal Nubian goats. Microscopic examination of fixed tissues revealed extensive demyelination and ubiquitous distribution of lysosomal storage vacuoles containing dispersed floccular material and membranous fragments. Urine was found to contain elevated levels of both mannose and N acetylglucosamine, suggestive of an oligosaccharide storage disease. Brain was found to contain 2.2 mumol/g of a trisaccharide Man(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1 4)GlcNAc; (Jones, M. Z., and Laine, R. A. (1980) Fed. Proc. 39, 2521 and Jones, M. Z., and Laine, R. A. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 5181-5184). A profound deficiency of beta-D-mannosidase activity was found in a number of tissues from affected goats; obligate heterozygotes showed a partial enzyme deficiency. Other lysosomal hydrolase activities were normal or elevated over normal, including alpha-D-mannosidase, confirming that this was a hitherto undescribed inborn error of glycoprotein catabolism. PMID- 7228877 TI - Kinetic analysis of the nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin. AB - The rate constants have been derived for (a) the condensation of glucose with hemoglobin to form the labile Schiff base intermediate, pre-AIc; (b) the dissociation of this complex to hemoglobin and glucose; (c) the rearrangement of this complex to form the stable ketoamine, Hb AIc. These measurements required the purification of commercially available D-[14C]glucose in order to remove a rapidly reacting contaminant. The initial condensation reaction rate (kappa'1) was measured by incubating column purified Hb A0 for up to 8 h under physiologic conditions with purified D-[14C]glucose in the presence of cyanoborohydride which traps the Schiff base and reduces it to a stable adduct. A parallel incubation utilizing Hb AIc revealed the contribution of the beta-NH2-terminal amino group (kappa 1) to the overall value for kappa'1. The reverse reaction rate (kappa -1) was determined from incubations carried ut in the absence of cyanoborohydride. The rate of the Amadori rearrangement (kappa 2) was determined from longer (6-21 days) incubations under identical conditions, followed by chromatographic isolation of Hb AIc. This value for kappa 2 agrees well with one we previously obtained from in vivo data. These experiments provide direct chemical evidence for an aldimine precursor in the nonenzymatic glycosylation of protein. Furthermore, the use of these rate constants provides a reasonable estimate of the distribution of the labile aldimine (pre-AIc) and the stable ketoamine (Hb AIc) in normal and diabetic red cells. This information is useful in the interpretation of measurements of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients. PMID- 7228878 TI - Intratumor distribution of blood flow and of vascular volume in a transplantable rat sarcoma. AB - The intratumor distribution of plasma volume and of blood flow was studied simultaneously by radioisotope techniques in a transplantable, slightly differentiated 20-methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcoma. A significant change toward lower tumor blood flow was found in the sarcoma with increasing tumor growth, accompanied by a reduced plasma volume. The distributions of plasma volume and blood flow were similar in peripheral and central parts of tumors. However, no significant correlation between plasma volume and blood flow was found in separate tumor specimens. PMID- 7228879 TI - [Morphogenesis and micromorphology of epithelial tumors induced in the rat kidney by nitrosomorpholine. IV. Tubular lesions and basophilic tumors (author's transl)]. AB - The genesis of basophilic cell kidney tumors was investigated stepwise by light and electron microscopy in rats treated with N-nitrosomorpholine for a limited time (stop experiment). Seven weeks after the beginning of the experiment the kidney tubules sometimes showed unusually large "chromophobic" and basophilic cells. After a lag period of 22-97 weeks more than 60% of the animals had developed these atypical tubules. Parallel to the appearance of chromophobic tubules 50% of the carcinogen-treated animals developed basophilic cell kidney tumors. All intermediate stages between chromophobic or basophilic cell tubules and tumors were found. During the neoplastic transformation chromophobic epithelia appeared to change into basophilic cells. Some of the chromophobic renal tubules and most of the renal tubules which consisted of chromophobic and basophilic epithelia stored acid mucopolysaccharides as demonstrated by histochemical methods. The fine structure of the basophilic epitheliomas was relatively uniform. The basophilia observed under the light microscope correlated with abundant membrane-bound and free ribosomes as seen under the electron microscope. The frequent appearance of brush borders and microbodies indicated the origin of the basophilic cell tumors from proximal renal tubules. In some tumor cells many mitochondria were found. These cells resembled oncocytes. However, in contrast to typical oncocytes the mitochondria of these cells were poor in cristae or showed tubular formations of the inner membrane. In some mitochondria homogeneous condensations could be detected in the intracristal space and tooth-like formations were seen on the surface of the cristae. In perpendicular sections these cristae resembled saw blades. Acute tubular lesions and cellular regeneration, as described earlier by other authors in early stages of the development of kidney tumors, were not found. It is suggested that the storage of acid mucopolysaccharides observed in many tubules and in some renal tumors indicates a disturbance of the cellular metabolism which plays an important role in tumor development. PMID- 7228880 TI - The effect of chemotherapy on occult metastases after surgical removal of a non immunogenic mouse carcinoma. AB - A transplantable non-immunogenic murine carcinoma of spontaneous origin, WHT Carcinoma N-C (Hewitt), was used to assess the effectiveness of melphalan (Ml) and/or methotrexate (Mx) for treatment of occult metastatic disease following surgical excision of primary tumors. Early surgical excision alone cured 66% of mice; later excision gave no cures. Maximum sublethal doses of chemotherapy rarely cured mice of metastases but did extend their survival time by up to 66% as compared with mice subjected to excision only. The influence of excision and chemotherapy on the frequency of local recurrence or pulmonary metastasis is discussed. Extrapulmonary metastases were 2.5 times more frequent in long-term than in short-term survivors, independently of treatment. PMID- 7228881 TI - Breast cancer in Greenland--selected epidemiological, clinical, and histological features. AB - Fifty-seven breast cancers were diagnosed among indigenous Greenlandic women from 1950 to 1974. An additional 22 cases registered between 1975 and 1979 represent a minimum number and were only used as basis for minimum incidence rates. Changes in age-adjusted rate, age-specific incidence pattern, and relative risk were consistent with an upward shift from a population of low risk between 1950 and 1969 to one of intermediate risk from 1970 onward, a finding that relates well to increased urbanization and westernization. The risk of breast cancer in Greenland may be associated with consumption of saturated fats but is seemingly not correlated to total fat intake which has always been on a par with high-risk Danish levels. An association with diet may in reality have been stronger than suggested but weakened by a counterbalancing effect of high fertility, especially in the youngest age groups. Evaluation of histological features and survival did not suggest differences which could favorably compare with findings in white population groups contrary to reported results from the population of Japan, also one of low risk and of mongoloid origin. Further studies should consider dietary intakes, endocrine variations, and breast fluid secretion with special attention to girls at the age of menarche. PMID- 7228882 TI - Steroid receptors and response to endocrine treatment and chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer. AB - The remission rates after endocrine and cytostatic treatment were determined in 192 female patients with advanced breast cancer depending on the estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptor content and on the disease-dominant site. Of 60 women with tumors containing estradiol receptors 39 responded to endocrine treatment. This was only true in two of 31 women without estradiol receptors. Tumors which contained binding sites for both estradiol and progesterone had a higher remission rate after endocrine therapy than those with estradiol receptors only. Remission rates after polychemotherapy were also higher in tumors with binding sites for estradiol as well as for progesterone. The localisation of metastases seems to be of lesser importance for the remission rate than the receptor content. Liver metastases are an exception. Here, no remissions could be observed with endocrine treatment even if ER and PR were present. The median remission rate was 9 months for hormonally treated patients and 10 months for those undergoing chemotherapy. The median survival time after chemotherapy is 18 months higher for responders than for non-responders. This difference is 15 months with endocrine treatment. Two years after the start of endocrine treatment 60% of the responders but only 20% of the non-responders were still alive. Based on our results together with histomorphological studies and the evaluation of recurrence and survival it can be assumed that carcinomas, which by nature follow a more benign course, do contain estradiol receptors. PMID- 7228883 TI - Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta with reference to 34 operated cases. AB - 34 cases of traumatic rupture of the aortic isthmus have been operated on since 1963: 14 acute ruptures and 20 secondary false aneurysms. Diagnosis was confirmed by aortography. A special feature seen in cases of total transsection is described. Partial extracorporeal bypass was used in 29 cases and direct cross clamping in 5 cases. Two techniques were used: direct end-to-end anastomosis in 9 patients and Dacron graft interposition in 25 cases. Primary end-to-end anastomosis more often was used in cases of early operation and partial rupture. Hospital mortality was 2 patients in the group of acute ruptures and 0 patient in chronic false aneurysm group. It was related to brain damage or sequelae of prolonged shock. Post-operative course was uneventful but 4 cases of respiratory failure and 4 cases of neurologic disturbances (2 brain dysfunctions and 2 spinal cord dysfunctions). These complications were transient and the patients recovered without sequelae. Clinical results have been recently appreciated in every long term survivor (mean follow-up: 5 years) and are excellent. Angiographic controls undergone in 10 patients have shown no abnormalities. PMID- 7228884 TI - Surgical treatment of mitral stenosis. AB - Analysis of 239 patients who underwent a commissurotomy for mitral stenosis (196 closed technique, 43 open technique). Total operative mortality was 2%. Long term follow-up is illustrated by an actuarial survival curve and long-term functional results are studied up to 15 years after operations. It allows the authors to consider commissurotomy alone as a good palliative procedure with good functional results in the majority of cases. However, in view of the collected data, they now elect to restudy all the patients 6 years after the primary correction and to perform a heart catheterization to consider appropriate reoperation in some cases. PMID- 7228886 TI - Electroencephalogram monitoring during carotid endarterectomy. AB - Cerebral protection during carotid endarterectomy is of critical importance. This study reviews our experience with continuous EEG monitoring under general anesthesia during carotid endarterectomy. This experience defines indications for intraluminal shunting based upon electroencephalographic criteria as well as defining the utility of EEG monitoring of both intraoperative anesthesia and the post operative course. PMID- 7228885 TI - Postinfarctional rupture of the interventricular septum. AB - During a nine year period, 36 patients have been treated at the Mid-America Heart Institute for postinfarctional rupture of the interventricular septum. Twenty-two (61%) of the patients were male and the average age was 68.9 years. Coronary angiography revealed that 48% of the patients had single vessel coronary artery disease. Eight patients, under medical treatment, stabilized with congestive heart failure. One of these patients was operated upon early and six patients initially managed medically underwent delayed operation 1-6 months after septal rupture without operative mortality. Twenty-eight patients presented with or acutely developed the low cardiac output syndrome following septal rupture. None of eight such patients managed by medical treatment alone survived. The other twenty patients underwent emergency operation within seven days of occurrence of the ventricular septal rupture with seven operative deaths. In the entire surgical group, there were six late deaths and fourteen patients are currently surviving five months to six years and seven months postoperatively. It is concluded that patients who develop postinfarctional ventricular septal rupture and resultant low cardiac output syndrome should undergo prompt diagnostic studies and emergency surgical therapy. Those patients who stabilize with congestive heart failure are initially best managed medically and should undergo delayed surgical repair. PMID- 7228887 TI - Popliteal artery injuries associated with knee dislocation. (Three cases treated with successful outcome). AB - Knee dislocation is an uncommon lesion. It is, however, frequently associated with injury to surrounding structures. The possible coexistence of trauma of the popliteal artery is a serious threat to the limb's integrity. Its incidence is high (about one third of cases) and, unless speedily discovered and treated, it leads to limb loss. Three cases of knee dislocation with combined injury to the popliteal artery successfully underwent surgery. On the basis of such experience, the authors survey the questions of vascular reconstructive surgery that still remain open: in particular, the delay in diagnosis, when and if to use angiography, the type of vascular reconstruction, the maximum delay in revascularization. PMID- 7228888 TI - Streptokinase after late failure of reconstructive surgery for peripheral arteriosclerosis. AB - After the failure of reconstructive surgery for arterial occlusions of the lower limbs, 25 patients with severe ischemia were treated with streptokinase (SK) to avoid amputation of the limbs and sometimes death, in the absence of any other possible treatment. In 16 subjects, thrombolysis, assessed by the Doppler ultrasound technique, occurred rapidly; in 12 cases, SK combined with surgery or with symptomatic medical treatment gave good results saving limbs and improving the quality of life. Three of the 16 patients died from a cerebral vascular accident which occurred before the 10th hour. Whatever the type and the number of surgical operations performed before the use of SK, the indications and the results of the treatment are governed by the condition of the vascular tree below the arterial lesions. SK seems to be justified in endarterectomy or venous grafts with severe ischemia less than two months old. For dacron by-passes, the possibility of prosthesis dissection makes SK debatable in spite of frequent lysis. In axillofemoral by-passes, the risk of embolism of the upper limbs makes the use of SK inadvisable. PMID- 7228889 TI - Mechanism of cardiac contracture during anoxic arrest using cardiopulmonary by pass. AB - Cardiac contracture during anoxic cardiac arrest might result from a reduction in the adenosine triphosphate or from an accumulation of cytoplasmic calcium. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the accumulation of cytoplasmic calcium is a factor in the anoxic myocardial contracture in a setting similar to that used during cardiac surgery, using cardiopulmonary bypass. Anoxic cardiac arrest was produced for 30 and 60 minutes in 7 dogs each, by clamping the ascending aorta, using cardiopulmonary bypass. At the end of anoxic period, aorta was declamped for reperfusion of the heart for 30 minutes of termination of anoxic cardiac arrest. Total tissue and intracellular electrolytes were determined before and at various intervals (0, 5, 15, 30 minutes) after termination of anoxic cardiac arrest. Thirty minutes of anoxic cardiac arrest produced a significant decrease in the mean aortic and left ventricular systolic pressures, and left ventricular dp/dt/IIP; and a significant increase in the cardiac index. Total tissue and intracellular Na, Ca, and K did not change significantly at the end of 30 minutes of anoxia and during 30 minutes of reperfusion. Anoxic arrest for 60 minutes resulted in cardiac contracture in all dogs. The total and intracellular Ca decreased significantly at the end of 60 minutes of anoxia and during 30 minutes of reperfusion. Total tissue and intracellular Na, although, did not change during anoxic arrest, it increased significantly at 15 and 30 minutes of reperfusion. Cardiac potassium did not change significantly during the whole period of experiment. These studies suggest that total and intracellular calcium did not increase above the control values during anoxic myocardial contracture in a setting similar to that used during cardiac surgery, using cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7228891 TI - Alarm device to prevent compression of subcutaneous vascular grafts. PMID- 7228890 TI - Autogenous vein graft thrombosis following exposure to calcium-free solutions (calcium paradox). AB - The morphological and functional effects of calcium-free and calcium-containing solutions on canine jugular vein intima were examined under conditions which closely resemble those techniques currently employed in peripheral vascular and aortocoronary bypass surgery. Veins that had been exposed only to calcium containing solutions remained patent for the duration of the experimental period. Vein perfusion with a calcium-free solution, however, resulted in disruption of the jugular vein intima once calcium ions were reintroduced. Autogenous as a femoral arterial graft became thrombosed within 60 minutes. It is therefore suggested that vein grafts of autogenous origin be irrigated with calcium containing solutions to prevent intimal damage and thrombosis. PMID- 7228892 TI - Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. (Report of two unusual cases). AB - Two unusual cases of traumatic aneurysm of the aorta are described. Both presented several days after thoracic trauma sustained in a car accident. The presenting features were progressing dysphagia and displacement of the oesophagus in the first case and a coarctation-like syndrome in the second. Diagnosis was confirmed in each case by aortography and emergency resection of the aneurysm with a dacron prosthesis was carried out. Aortic rupture should be considered in all cases of thoracic trauma, especially when severe, even several days after the trauma itself. Patients should be evaluated with serial chest roentgenograms and an aortography should be performed in any suspicious case. Treatment is surgical and the operative mortality and morbidity is acceptably low. PMID- 7228893 TI - Rupture of an aortic abdominal aneurysm presenting as painful obstructive jaundice. AB - An unusual case of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is described. The patient presented with sudden abdominal pain and obstructive jaundice and was misdiagnosed as suffering from biliary colic. Two months later there was a pulsating mass in the abdomen palpated and the patient operated on. The only pathology which could explain the jaundice was an organized retroperitoneal hematoma extending from a small sealed rupture of the aneurysm towards the head of the pancreas and duodenum. PMID- 7228896 TI - Quantitative studies on the polarization optical properties of living cells. I. Microphotometric birefringence detection system. AB - A method of polarization optical analysis is described in which phase retardation attributable to birefringence of a minute area in a microscopic object is determined. The optical system consists of a polarizing microscope with "rectified" strain-free lenses, a photoelectric detector to determine the intensity of the light passing through a minute window located at the image plane of the specimen, and a stage that moves the specimen at appropriate velocities for scanning. The error resulting from any flare of light emerging from outside of the area to be measured is minimized by limiting the illuminated area. The specimen can be observed during the measurement of light intensity by illuminating the whole microscope field at a wavelength different from that of the light used for the measurement. The retardation of the specimen is determined by comparing the specimen and background intensities as functions of the azimuth of a Brace-Koherl compensator. Alternatively, retardation is obtained directly from the light intensity at a fixed compensator angle, using the theory of polarization optics. The basal noise level for the present apparatus is approximately 0.03 nm when measuring birefringence of a 4-micron2 area in 0.1 s, using a X 40, NA 0.65 objective. The noise decreases in inverse proportion to the square root of the area times the duration of measurement. PMID- 7228895 TI - Dictyostelium myosin: characterization of chymotryptic fragments and localization of the heavy-chain phosphorylation site. AB - Chymotrypsin cleaves Dictyostelium myosin in half, splitting the heavy chain (210,000 daltons) into two fragments of 105,000 daltons each. One of the two major fragments is soluble at low ionic strength and has a native molecular weight of 130,000. As judged by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, this soluble fragment consists of the two intact myosin light chains of 18,000 and 16,000 daltons and a 105,000-dalton polypeptide derived from the myosin heavy chain. The soluble fragment retains actin-activated ATPase activity and the ability to bind to actin in an ATP-dissociable fashion. The maximal velocity of the actin-activated ATPase activity of the soluble fragment is 80% of that of uncleaved myosin, although its apparent Km for actin is 12-fold greater than that of myosin. In addition to the major soluble 105,000-dalton fragment discussed above, chymotryptic cleavage of the Dictyostelium myosin also generates fragments that are insoluble at low ionic strength. The major insoluble fragment is 105,000 daltons on an SDS polyacrylamide gel and forms thick filaments that are devoid of myosin heads. A less prevalent insoluble fragment has a molecular weight of 83,000 and is probably a subfragment of the insoluble 105,000-dalton fragment. The heavy chain of myosin is phosphorylated in vivo and the phosphorylation site has been localized to the insoluble fragments, which derive from the tail portion of the myosin molecule. PMID- 7228894 TI - Superior vena cava thrombosis following subclavian vein catheterization. AB - Superior Vena Caval Thrombosis is a preventable and treatable complication of Subclavian Vein Catheterization. Radionuclide Vena Cavograms are suggested as simple and safe procedures for detection and follow-up studies. PMID- 7228897 TI - Quantitative studies on the polarization optical properties of living cells II. The role of microtubules in birefringence of the spindle of the sea urchin egg. AB - Birefringence of the mitotic apparatus (MA) and its change during mitosis in sea urchin eggs were quantitatively determined using the birefringence detection apparatus reported in the preceding paper (Hiramoto el al., 1981, J. Cell Biol. 89:115-120). The birefringence and the form of the MA are represented by five parameters: peak retardation (delta p), through retardation (delta t), interpolar distance (D1), the distance (D2) between chromosome groups moving toward poles, and the distance (D3) between two retardation peaks. Distributions of birefringence retardation and the coefficient of birefringence in the spindle were quantitatively determined in MAs isolated during metaphase and anaphase. The distribution of microtubules (MTs) contained in the spindle is attributable to the form birefringence caused by regularly arranged MTs. The distribution coincided fairly well with the distribution of MTs in isolated MAs determined by electron microscopy. Under the same assumption, the distribution of MTS in the spindle in living cells during mitosis was determined. The results show that the distribution of MTs and the total amount of polymerized tubulin (MTs) in the spindle change during mitosis, suggesting the assembly and disassembly of MTs as well as the dislocation of MTs during mitosis. PMID- 7228898 TI - Vesicular transport of cationized ferritin by the epithelium of the rat choroid plexus. AB - We have studied the transport of ferritin that was internalized by coated micropinocytic vesicles at the apical surface of the choroid plexus epithelium in situ. After ventriculocisternal perfusion of native ferritin (NF) or cationized ferritin (CF), three routes followed by the tracers are revealed: (a) to lysosomes, (b) to cisternal compartments, and (c) to the basolateral cell surface. (a) NF is micropinocytosed to a very limited degree and appears in a few lysosomal elements whereas CF is taken up in large amounts and can be followed, via endocytic vacuoles and light multivesicular bodies, to dark multivesicular bodies and dense bodies. (b) Occasionally, CF particles are found in cisterns that may represent GERL or trans-Golgi elements, whereas stacked Golgi cisterns never contain CF. (c) Transepithelial vesicular transport of CF is distinctly revealed. The intercellular spaces of the epithelium, below the apical tight junctions, contain numerous clusters of CF particles, often associated with surface-connected, coated vesicles. Vesicles in the process of exocytosis of CF are also present at the basal epithelial surface, whereas connective tissue elements below the epithelium are unlabeled. Our conclusion is that fluid and solutes removed from the cerebrospinal fluid by endocytosis either become sequestered in the lysosomal apparatus of the choroidal epithelium or are transported to the basolateral surface. However, our results do not indicate any significant recycling via Golgi complexes of internalized apical cell membrane. PMID- 7228899 TI - Microtubule assembly and disassembly at alkaline pH. AB - Although it is now apparent that the intracellular pH may rise considerably above neutrality under physiological conditions, information on the effect of alkaline pH on microtubule assembly and disassembly is still quite fragmentay. We have studied the assembly/disassembly of bovine brain microtubule protein at alkaline pH in vitro. When microtubules are assembled to a new steady state at pH less than 7 and pH is then made more alkaline, they undergo a rapid disassembly to a new steady state. This disassembly is reversed by acidification. The degree of disassembly is determined largely by the pH- dependence of the critical concentration, which increases five to eight times, from pH 7 to 8. A fraction of assembly-incompetent tubulin is identified that increases with pH, but its incompetency is largely reversed with acidification. Measurements of microtubule lengths are used to indicate that disassembly occurs by uniform shortening of microtubules. A comparison of shortening by alkalinization with dilution suggests that the intrinsic rate of disassembly is accelerated by increasing pH. The capacity for initiating assembly is progressively lost with incubation at alkaline pH (although some protection is afforded by sulfhydryl-reducing agents). However, direct assembly from depolymerized mixtures is possible at least up to pH 8.3, and the steady state achieved at these alkaline pH values is stable. Such preparations are readily disassembled by cold and podophyllotoxin (PLN). Disassembly induced by PLN is also markedly enhanced at alkaline pH, suggesting a corresponding enhancement of "treadmilling." The implications of physiological events leading to alkaline shifts of pH for microtubule assembly/disassembly are discussed, particularly in the light of recent hypotheses regarding treadmilling and its role in controlling the distribution of microtubules in vivo. PMID- 7228900 TI - Cell assembly patterns of embryonic mouse cerebellar cells on carbohydrate derivatized polylysine culture substrata. AB - Four carbohydrate derivatives of poly-D-lysine have been synthesized and assayed as substrates for the tissue culture of embryonic mouse cerebellar cells. On poly beta-(D-glucopyranosyl)-poly-D-lysine and on poly-beta-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl) poly-D-lysine, dissociated cerebellar cells formed a monolayer. On poly-beta-(D galactopyranosyl)-poly-D-lysine, cellular aggregates were formed and cables of processes were extended between the aggregates. On poly-beta-(L-fucosyl)-poly-D lysine, cerebellar cells failed to attach and died within 24 h. On poly-(N acetyl)-poly-D-lysine, cell attachment was identical to that on poly-D-lysine. At low concentrations of underivatized poly-D-lysine (0.5-2.0 microgram/ml) dissociated embryonic cerebellar cells formed cellular aggregates, whereas at higher concentrations of poly-D-lysine monolayering was extensive. PMID- 7228901 TI - Analytical study of microsomes and isolated subcellular membranes from rat liver. VII. Distribution of protein-bound sialic acid. AB - Detailed investigations by quantitative centrifugal fractionation were conducted to determine the subcellular distribution of protein-bound sialic acid in rat liver. Homogenates obtained from perfused livers were fractionated by differential centrifugation into nuclear fraction, large granules, microsomes, and final supernate fraction, or were used to isolate membrane preparations enriched in either plasma membranes or Golgi complex elements. Large granule fractions, microsome fractions, and plasma membrane preparations were subfractionated by density equilibration in linear gradients of sucrose. In some experiments, microsomes or plasma membrane preparations were treated with digitonin before isopycnic centrifugation to better distinguish subcellular elements related to the plasma membrane or the Golgi complex from the other cell components; in other experiments, large granule fractions were obtained from Triton WR-1339-loaded livers, which effectively resolve lysosomes from mitochondria and peroxisomes in density gradient analysis. Protein-bound sialic acid and marker enzymes were assayed in the various subcellular fractions. The distributions obtained show that sialoglycoprotein is restricted to some particular domains of the cell, which include the plasma membrane, phagolysosomes, and possibly the Golgi complex. Although sialoglycoprotein is largely recovered in the microsome fraction, it has not been detected in the endoplasmic reticulum-derived elements of this subcellular fraction. In addition, it has not been detected either in mitochondria or in peroxisomes. Because the sialyltransferase activities are associated with the Golgi complex, the cytoplasm appears compartmentalized into components which biogenetically involve the Golgi apparatus and components which do not. PMID- 7228902 TI - DNA replication, chromatin structure, and histone phosphorylation altered by theophylline in synchronized HeLa S3 cells. AB - The onset of DNA replication normally is coincident with an increase in histone 1 phosphorylation and a relaxation in chromatin structure. In this paper we show that 5 mM theophylline, added 2 h after selective detachment to synchronized HeLa S-3 cells, delays the onset and reduces the rate of DNA synthesis while theophylline treatment beginning at 8 h has no effect on subsequent DNA synthesis. These actions of theophylline are accompanied by an inhibition of histone 1 phosphorylation and a prevention of the normal relaxation in chromatin structure between G1 and S phases as revealed by image analysis of Feulgen stained nuclei. The time courses of intracellular cyclic AMP levels, nonhistone protein phosphorylation, and [3H]lysine incorporation are also compared in the same treated and untreated synchronized HeLa cells. Comparison with experiments using 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) shows that the above phenomena are not a direct result of inhibition of DNA synthesis. We interpret our results as evidence that the associations between histone 1 phosphorylation, chromatin relaxation, and the onset of DNA synthesis are temporally and causally related. PMID- 7228903 TI - Digestive system membranes: freeze-fracture evidence for differentiation and flow in Paramecium. AB - Freeze-fractured membranes of digestive vacuoles of randomly feeding Paramecium caudatum exhibit dramatic differences in intramembrane particle (IMP) number and distribution on both E- and P-fracture faces. By pulse-feeding latex spheres to cells we have demonstrated that these differences are related to the age of the digestive vacuoles, and that the membranes of such vacuoles undergo a specific sequence of changes during the digestive cycle. Young digestive vacuoles (DV-I; less than or equal to 6 min), nascent vacuoles still connected to the cytopharynx, and discoidal vesicles, from which vacuole membrane is derived, all have a highly particulate E face and a less particulate P face. As early as 3 min after feeding, a second category of digestive vacuoles (DV-II) can be recognized, which are both considerably smaller in diameter and lack particles on their E face. These findings suggest that the endocytic removal of DV-I membrane material associated with the formation of DV-II vacuoles involves a concomitant and selective removal of E-face particles, as essentially no changes are seen in the density of P-face particles on the two types of vacuoles. Beginning at 10 min the first DV-III vacuoles are encountered. These are both larger than the DV-II vacuoles and possess very prominent E-face particles, which resemble those on the E face of the numerous lysosomes bordering the digestive vacuoles. DV-III vacuoles also exhibit a substantial increase in P-face particles. These membrane changes closely parallel, and are probably correlated with, the physiological events occurring within the vacuole lumen: concentration of food, killing of prey, and digestion. Calculations of the amount of membrane removed from DV-I to form DV-II and of the increase in membrane surface area during the transition from DV-II to DV-III indicate that as much as 90% of the initial phagosome (DV-I) membrane can be removed before digestion begins. The enlargment of DV-II must be caused by fusion with adjacent lysosomes which also contribute the new populations of IMPs to the DV-III membrane. The appearance of numerous endocytic structures on older DV-III vacuoles suggests that membrane is retrieved from DV III before defecation. PMID- 7228904 TI - Vitellogenesis in the stick insect Carausius morosus I. Specific protein synthesis during ovarian development. AB - Vitellogenesis in the stick insect Carausius morosus (Br.) has been studied with the goal of identifying vitellogenin in various tissues. Following exposure to in vivo to radioactive amino acids, oocytes in the medium size range are labelled with a minimum delay of 6 h after the time of injection. Incorporation of radioactivity under these conditions is shown to depend upon accumulation of proteins rather than on a differential rate of protein synthesis in succeeding stages of oogenesis. By immunochemical analyses, it is shown that at least two antigens are common to both haemolymph and ovary and that one of these is also present in the fat body. Both antigens are labelled during exposure to radioactive amino acids. When analysed by the SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, extracts from both haemolymph and ovary appear to share a number of protein fractions which range in molecular weight from 40 000 to 200 000 Daltons. The labelling pattern exhibited by these fractions is clearly indicative of a protein transfer from the fat body to the oocyte. Fat body cultured in vivo for up to 4 h releases a major macromolecular complex in the external medium. The latter has been identified as vitellogenin by both immuno-precipitation assay and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein which is synthesized and secreted under these conditions results from the processing of a protein complex of higher molecular weight. PMID- 7228905 TI - Relationships between mitochondrial outer membranes and agranular reticulum in nervous tissue: ultrastructural observations and a new interpretation. AB - This study is concerned with extensions of the outer membranes of mitochondria in cells of nervous tissue, and with possible relationships between the extensions and the agranular reticulum. A variety of preparative techniques was applied to a large number of different central nervous tissues (CNS) and peripheral nervous tissues (PNS), using conventional thin sections, thicker sections (100 nm or more) and 3-dimensional reconstructions of serial thin sections. Extensions were commonly observed, particularly from the ends of longitudinally oriented mitochondria in axons and dendrites. Often these had the appearance of, and could be traced into apparent continuity with, adjacent elements of the agranular membrane. In addition to these apical tubular extensions, we also observed and reconstructed short lateral tubular or sac-like extensions and vesicular protrusions of the outer mitochondrial membrane. We discuss and discount the possibility that the extensions are artefacts, consider the structural and biochemical similarities between the outer mitochondrial membrane and agranular reticulum and propose that the outer mitochondrial is part of the agranular reticulum (or a specialized portion of the agranular reticulum). We suggest that the translocation of mitochondria in nerve cells, and probably in other cells as well, involves movement of the inner mitochondrial membrane and the enclosed matrix (mitoplast) within channels of agranular reticulum in continuity, or in transient continuity, with the outer mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 7228906 TI - Flagellar roots, mating structure and gametic fusion in the green alga Ulva lactuca (Ulvales). AB - The slightly anisogamous gametes of Ulva lactuca exhibit a cruciate flagellar root system consisting of 4 microtubular roots (4-2-4-2 system) and an elaborate system of fibrous roots associated with the 2-stranded microtubular roots. Two fibres (32-nm striation periodicity; system I fibres) closely underlie each of the 2-stranded roots, while different fibres (150-nm striation periodicity; system II fibres) run parallel to the root microtubules, and are 150-200 nm more internally located. Female gametes have 4 system II fibres, 3 of which are combined into a compound fibre associated with one microtubular root, while the fourth fibre is associated with the opposite root. In male gametes only 2 system II fibres are present, each underlying one of the two 2-stranded roots. A special region of the plasmalemma of both gamete types about 0.5 mum away from the basal bodies and located between 2 adjacent microtubular roots is structurally specialized and acts as a mating structure in gametic fusion. The region is oval shaped and up to I.I mum long with a maximum diameter of 0.7 mum. A continuous electron-dense boundary layer underlies the plasmalemma at the edges of the mating structure. In both gamete types the mating structure consists of a fuzzy layer of material underlying the plasmalemma and special granules (60 nm diameter) are associated with this layer on its cytoplasmic side. In addition diffuse material overlies the mating structure, especially in male gametes. The mating structure is connected to 3 different kinds of flagellar roots: the boundary layer is linked to a 2-stranded microtubular root and its associated system I fibre; the fuzzy layer of the mating structure is connected with a system II fibre; and in female gametes this is the compound system II fibre. The ultrastructural changes which occur after mixing the 2 gamete types have been followed. Mating structure activation involves contraction of system II fibres (change of striation periodicity to 100 nm), detachment of special granules from the fuzzy layer of the mating structure and their replacement by electron transparent vesicles at the prospective cell fusion site. Furthermore, release of electron-dense contents from Golgi-derived vesicles in the anterior part of both gamete types precedes cell fusion. Cell fusion is exclusively initiated in a region delimited by the 2 mating structures. After partial dissolution the 2 plasma membranes unite within the mating structure regions. The ultrastructure of gametic fusion in Ulva lactuca is compared to that of other green algae and the significance of flagellar roots in the mating process of green algae is discussed. PMID- 7228907 TI - Studies on the surface properties of hybrid cells. I. Sialyl-transferase activity in homogenates of malignant and non-malignant cells. AB - We report here a method for the assay of the sialyl-transferase activity in crude homogenates of a wide range of cell lines growing in tissue culture. Our results indicate that particulate preparations from both malignant and non-malignant cells show a Km of 0.25 mM towards CMP-sialic acid in the presence of an excess of glycoprotein acceptor. There appear to be increased amounts of the enzyme associated with the preparations from malignant sources which are reflected in an increase in the apparent Vmax of these. The elevated level of sialyl-transferase activity seen in the malignant cell populations is, paradoxically, associated with a decrease in the amount of bound sialic acid associated with both the whole cell homogenate preparations and the surface of these cells. PMID- 7228908 TI - Studies on the surface properties of hybrid cells. II. Sialyl-transferase activity on the surface of malignant and non-malignant cells. AB - A measurable surface activity of sialyl-transferase is demonstrated by a number of different methods to exist on the plasma membranes of both malignant and non malignant cells. The amount of enzyme present on the surface of malignant cells is found to be higher than that on the non-malignant ones in a wide range of malignant and non-malignant cell lines. It is proposed that the difference in apparent activity results in part from the presence of incomplete glycoproteins in the surface membranes of the malignant cells and in part from an increased rate of membrane synthesis in these cells. PMID- 7228910 TI - Surface binding and uptake of polycationic ferritin by neonatal piglet intestinal epithelium. AB - Pieces of small intestine from newborn, I- and 6-day-old piglets were incubated in vitro and ligated segments were incubated in vivo with polycationic ferritin (PCF) to determine the distribution and possible role in protein uptake of anionic sites on membranes at the luminal surfaces of the epithelial cells. Most PCF binding to the absorptive cells occurred on the upper third or half of the villi and to some non-absorptive cells (tuft cells) throughout the length of the villi. Pieces of intestine which were fixed before incubation had PCF on microvilli and apical invaginations of absorptive cells, but none in the sub apical tubules. When samples were incubated with PCF in vitro before fixation PCF was bound to the surfaces of microvilli of absorptive cells and to the membranes lining the apical invaginations, some sub-apical vesicles and some sub-apical tubules in all age-groups. In vivo experiments with longer incubation times resulted in a similar distribution, with increased amounts of PCF in the sub apical tubules in samples from newborn and 1-day-old piglets only. In the newborn there were small vesicles containing PCF which had apparently moved further into the cells. At the same concentration (2 mg/ml) ferritin did not enter the sub apical tubules; but it did enter and was taken up by the cells in the presence of 4% (w/v) serum albumin. It is concluded that the mechanism of protein uptake does not involve the microvillar membrane and that non-specific interaction with the invaginated plasma membrane, as a function of charge-density, leads to opening of the sub-apical tubular system to protein. Movement further into the cell depends on other factors. PMID- 7228909 TI - The effects of Con A on cell surface shedding in cell cultures. AB - A cell surface immobilizing concentration of Con A inhibits the shedding of [3H]fucose-containing glycoproteins from the surface of chick embryonic leg and breast muscle cell cultures and cultures of the rat skeletal muscle cell line L6. The Con A-induced inhibition of shedding is much less in the mouse fibroblast cell line 3T3. In all 4 cell types the lectin inhibits the shedding of some fucosyl-glycoproteins more than others, especially those of a lipid-containing fraction which is excluded in Biogel A-5m chromatography. This differential nature of the Con A effect is not changed by the cytoskeletal disruptors cytochalasin B or colchicine. Con A causes an increase in the amount of trypsin sensitive surface fucosylglycoprotein in the cell surface and appears to decrease the overall amount of cell surface degradation suggesting the inhibition of shedding caused by Con A is not due to an increase in internalization and degradation. The data suggest that some shedding may occur at specific cell surface sites to which surface materials must laterally migrate. PMID- 7228912 TI - A cell cycle study of the effects of Con A on synchronized mouse embryo fibroblasts: arrest at two specific stages of the cycle and dissociation between uptake of thymidine and DNA synthesis. AB - We have examined the effects of 50 microgram ml-1 of Con A added to synchronized mouse embryo fibroblasts at different times during the cell cycle. We found that Con A caused arrest of growth not solely by preventing G1-G0 cells from entering the S-phase but also by exerting a G2 block. We also found that Con A, which prevented commencement of S-phase, did not arrest cells already in S from reaching the G2 stage but inhibited the S-phase associated process of thymidine uptake. The inhibition was greater when the Con A receptors were extensively clustered. PMID- 7228911 TI - Numerical, morphological and topographical heterogeneity of the chondriome during the vegetative life cycle of Polytoma papillatum. AB - Numerical, morphological, and topographical changes in the mitochondrial inventory (= chondriome) during the vegetative (= asexual) life cycle of Polytoma papillatum were examined by means of the serial-sectioning technique. At the onset of interphase the chondriome consists of primarily of one highly reticulated basket-shaped complex, which lines the periphery of the cell. Up to 3 additional fragments could be analysed, which, however, were much smaller and either spherical to ovoid, or elongated and poorly branched. During interphase growth both the size of the mitochondrial basket and the number of additional fragments (ca. 40) increases. During mitosis I (I. division cycle) the multiplication of the number of mitochondria gradually continues; the maximum (ca. 250) was counted at late telephase I and early cytokinesis I, but it cannot be excluded that the sparser short-lived meta- and anaphase cells, which were unfortunately missed, contain an even higher number of mitochondrial units. Concomitant with mitosis I, the mitochondrial basket is subdivided into several fragments; at the same time the mitochondria tend to form clusters and to occupy no longer merely peripheral but also more central regions. An irregular distribution of the chondriome results, with either local accumulations or local absence of mitochondria within definite regions of the cell. After completion of cytokinesis I the total number of mitochondria (ca. 80) is drastically reduced but it seems to increase again during the 2. division cycle. Irrespective of the number of preceding division cycles, the chondriome of young daughter cells enclosed in the sporangium usually resembles that of young interphase cells. Our results are discussed in relation to some of the current problems on mitochondriogenesis. PMID- 7228913 TI - DNA is replicated at the nuclear cage. AB - Structures resembling nuclei are released when HeLa cells are lysed in a detergent and 2 M salt. These nucleoids, which lack any organized membrane structure, contain all the nuclear DNA packaged within a cage of RNA and protein. Their DNA is supercoiled so that the linear DNA must remain unbroken and looped during lysis. Following digestion with the restriction endonuclease, EcoRI, cages and associated DNA were filtered free of unattached DNA. Pulse-labelled (i.e. newly synthesized) DNA remains preferentially associated with the cages. This association has been confirmed by autoradiography. When nucleoids are prepared for electron microscopy by the Kleinschmidt procedure the DNA spills out to form a skirt around the flattened cage. Labelling, which is restricted to the region of the cage after short pulses, extends out into the skirt as the labelling time increases. A model, based on the premise that replication takes place at the nuclear cage, is presented in the Appendix. The results of the biochemical experiments and electron microscopy both indicate that the average size of the unit of replication is approximately 2 micrometer. This is about one-quarter the size of the average structural unit - the loop. Therefore sequences in the loop must become attached to the nuclear cage prior to the initiation of DNA synthesis. PMID- 7228914 TI - Similar size of the replicons in Chironomus polytene chromosomes at two developmental stages. AB - The size of the DNA replication units in salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Chironomus arvac at 2 developmental stages (red-head and late 4th instar) was investigated. The 2 developmental stages differ with respect to intensity of DNA replication with much lower values at the red-head stage. Also the level of polytenization is lower at the red-head stage. The size of the replication units was measured by determining the size of double-stranded DNA fragments released from active replication units during the cell lysis. At both stages it is possible to release from the polytene chromosome a double-stranded DNA fragment of similar size. This indicates that there is no or very little difference in size of active replication units in the same tissue at the 2 developmental stages. PMID- 7228915 TI - The secretion of the eggshell of Schistocerca gregaria: ultrastructure of the follicle cells during the termination of vitellogenesis and eggshell secretion. AB - The secretion of the eggshell by the follicle cells in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, was studied using the electron microscope. The 3 layers of the eggshell, the vitelline membrane, the endochorion, and the exochorion, are produced in sequence over a short period of about 30-36 h. The follicle cells contain little rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and small inconspicuous Golgi bodies during vitellogenesis. As eggshell secretion approaches there is an increase in the amount of RER and Golgi cisternae contain electron-dense product. At each stage of the 3-phase secretion cycle the follicle cells contain Golgi bodies and secretion vesicles with distinct morphology. The follicle cells increase in breadth and decrease in height between the beginning and end of eggshell secretion. The endochorion ridges arise at the junction between follicle cells and appear to be moulded by the microvilli formed at this position. In the ovary prior to ovulation, the eggshell consists of a thin (0.5 micrometer) electron-dense vitelline and an outer fibrillar exochorion layer, 20-30 micrometer thick. Further changes take place in the vitelline membrane and the endochorion after oviposition, and a layer of curly fibres, the extrachorion, is secreted in the oviduct. PMID- 7228916 TI - Packing DNA into chromosomes. AB - Electron microscopy of HeLa metaphase nucleoids (i.e. whole metaphase cells exposed to 2 M salt and non-ionic detergent) spread by the Kleinschmidt technique, reveals a variety of protein-depleted structures (spreads) derived from chromosomes. Spreads vary in size and shape. At one extreme are oval structures with one or more cores surrounded by a network of supercoiled fibres. These fibres are probably arranged as loops and we estimate that 600-1000 may emerge from a single, large core region. At the other extreme are chromosome shaped spreads with an elongated core which takes the form of a multifibred axis. At intervals groups of lateral fibres appear to emerge from each axis to produce the network. Spreads intermediate between these extremes occur in which axial fibres can be resolved in only part of the elongated core. Similar structures are observed in chromosomes deproteinized and spread after isolation by a procedure which preserves high molecular weight DNA. The appearance of chromosomes isolated by the Wray-Stubblefield hexylene glycol procedure agrees in general with previous findings of others, except that in some more extended spreads axial fibres are visible. We believe our observations are consistent with the idea that the chromonema of each metaphase chromatid contains regions of multistranded DNA. We do not propose, however, that the chromatid is functionally multineme, but rather that axial fibre folding either within or between chromomere regions contributes to packing of DNA in the metaphase chromosome. These regions of constraint re also postulated as the locations of emergence of lateral loops. In spread preparations the axial fibres are seen clearly only when chromatids have been elongated beyond the contracted metaphase length. Elongation would be produced both by relaxation of chromosomal coils (gyres) and by extension of the chromonema upon deproteinization and spreading. Whereas in deproteinized nucleoids the long axis is liable to elongate, fragment or collapse, the chromomena of Wray-Stubblefield chromosomes is locked at the metaphase (gyred) length and axial fibres are generally not visible. We propose that the assembly of the complex DNA axis of the metaphase chromosome from its extended interphase counterpart plays a major part in increasing the DNA packing ratio in the mitotic cell. PMID- 7228917 TI - Chloroplast division in spinach leaves examined by scanning electron microscopy and freeze-etching. AB - Spinach leaf disks were cultured for 5 days in low-intensity green light and then were transferred to high-intensity white light. Harvests over the next 16 h established that cell area increased by about 80% and chloroplast number per cell increased by about 65%, while the percentage of dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts per cell decreased by 65%. Freeze-etch replicas of fixed and unfixed leaf disks, as well as scanning electron-microscope preparations of fixed material, contained dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts constricted to various degrees. Freeze-etch replicas of unfixed cells from young leaf bases, in which the number of chloroplasts per cell is known to be rapidly increasing, also contained many constricted chloroplasts. It is concluded that dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts occur in vivo and represent a stage in the division of chloroplasts. PMID- 7228919 TI - [Low colorectal suture with the EEA stapling device for carcinoma of the rectum. A report of 50 cases (author's transl)]. AB - 50 cases of low colorectal anastomosis (between 3 to 10 cm from the anal verge) are reported. They have been done with the EEA stapling device after resection for rectal or rectosigmoidal carcinomas. The peroperative incidents (5 cases) and details to prevent them are described. A protective colostomy was done in 10 cases. No leak had been observed. Recurrency and suture line stenosis are discussed. No anal incontinency, even for very low anastomosis had been observed. PMID- 7228918 TI - [Acute idiopathic scrotal edema in young boy. A report of 16 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Sixteen cases of acute idiopathic scrotal edema are reviewed over an eleven-year period. This clinical entity is fairly common and must be differentiated from testicular torsion and other causes of scrotal swelling, by a minimal pain and a normal testis and cord. The clinical course is short and benign without treatment and without sequela. The etiology for the moment, remains idiopathic perhaps is it a variant of angioneurotic oedema. When testicular torsion cannot be excluded with certainty, the scrotum must be explored; but, if characteristics findings on examination are noted by the surgeon, surgical exploration may be safely omitted. PMID- 7228920 TI - [Contribution of Babcock's operation to the treatment of rectal cancer. Results in 170 cases (author's transl)]. AB - When conducted as a curative procedure, for tumors with a lower pole at least 7 cm from the anal margin, Babcock's operation can avoid the need for a definitive abdominal colostomy in some patients, without compromising the chances of survival. Postoperative care is often longer and more difficult than after abdomino-perineal amputation, but immediate mortality and long-term survival appear to be totally comparable. Functional results are good in most cases, and though some hygienic and dietary restrictions are often necessary, these constitute a more minor handicap than that of an abdominal colostomy. On the contrary, Babcocks operation should not be used as a palliative measure, as important restrictive postoperative conditions on a patient with a short survival prognosis, to obtain a functional result after several months when he will not be able to benefit from it, appears to be unwarranted. PMID- 7228922 TI - [Osteosynthesis for fracture of the trapezium. One case (author's transl)]. AB - Fractures of the trapezium are rare but their clinical and radiological features are perfectly known. By contrast, their treatment (orthopaedic or surgical) is less clearly defined. The authors wished to make their contribution to the study of this fracture by presentation of a case of fracture-dislocation of the 1st radiation of the hand. Such lesions are generally unstable and require osteosynthesis. In the present case, the latter was facilitated by the use of mini-screws which made it possible to begin physiotherapy almost immediately and to obtain an excellent result. PMID- 7228921 TI - [Rectal carcinoid tumors. Study of one case treated by abdomino-transanal resection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7228923 TI - [Cure of inguinal hernia by sub-peritoneal abdominal approach (author's transl)]. AB - Cure of inguinal hernia by a medial sub-peritoneal approach is tricky to carry out because the anatomy of the inguinal duct on it's inner side may not be clearly perceived. The layout of the peritoneums, it's adherence zones, the position of the vas deferens and the spermatic vessels are defined. The pathological aspect of the hernial sacs in direct and oblique hernias is carefully described as well as the dissection and resection methods. Finally the parietal refection stage, using a prothetical procedure is abundantly illustrated. PMID- 7228924 TI - [Reflections concerning the fixation of the small intestine or of mesentery in the adult (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of their own observations as well as those collected during a round table meeting of the Association Francaise de Chirurgie, the authors attempt to give an objective review of the value of these operations in relations to the technique used, the operative circumstances and the indications. A detailed analytical study shows that mortality and morbidity have a relatively low prevalence. Long term results are favourable in 73% of cases. The risk of recurrent obstruction is of 5 to 10%. Emphasising contraindications on a so called "prophylactic basis" and in certain pathological states, the authors conclude that such procedures are valuable in recurrent obstructions and deperitonisations after extensive viscerolysis. PMID- 7228925 TI - [Ischemic complications of brachial arteriovenous fistulas for chronical hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7228926 TI - [Acute post-operative peritonitis in gastro-enterological surgery. Opinion of the intensive care unit (author's transl)]. AB - Acute purulent post-operative peritonitis is highly severe and difficult to diagnose. Six symptoms have a real prognostic value: shock, acute renal insufficiency, respiratory failure, jaundice, acidosis and septicaemia. If more than three of these signs of severity coexist, the mortality rate reaches nearly 100%. A patient with evidence of acute diffuse post-operative peritonitis must be operated on after a short preoperative treatment to restore a situation altered by shock, renal failure and pulmonary edema. Antibiotic agent alone, though necessary, cannot bring recovery. The maintenance of high nutritional intake for excess caloric expenditure is essential. The effects of the early decision of a surgical reintervention are studied in 27 patients with only two recoveries. PMID- 7228927 TI - [Cholelithiasis and peptic ulcer surgery. Personal experience (author's transl)]. AB - In veiw of the interest represented by the possible development of cholelithiasis after peptic ulcer surgery, the authors report their results in 848 patients undergoing surgery for peptic ulcer, 521 were followed up in order to determine whether the biliary complication developed and in how many cases. They conclude that their results showed nothing which might support the possibility of the development of cholelithiasis after any from of surgery for peptic ulcer. PMID- 7228928 TI - [Surgical treatment of intestinal radio-lesions. 53 patients operated, out of 171 radio-lesions among 7301 irradiated (author's transl)]. AB - Results of a complete and homogenous series by the Medical Team of the Centre Anti-Cancereux.--2,45% of abdomino-pelvic irradiations among 6516 cases,--but only 0.78 are serious and need surgery (i.e. 1/3 of the radio-lesions). The study concerned 65 cases;--during the same period, medical treatment alone controlled 51 cases of rectitis and 51 stenoses. The interval after irradiation is variable: 33 times, it was shorter than 1 year, in 32 cases, it was longer, up to 13 years. The plan for therapy is to continue the medical treatment as well as possible and to operate only in case of absolute need, but before obstruction;--to prefer immediate resection to internal derivation. The 27 resections resulted in 18 recoveries and 9 cases of peritonitis. In spite of the serious nature of the initial irradiated lesion, followed by this complicated radio-lesion, we observed: 28% of 5-year survivals, and over 10 years in 9 cases. PMID- 7228929 TI - [Surface arthroplasty of the knee by marmor prosthesis. Study of 35 unicompartimental prosthesis seen with a follow-up of 1 to 5 years (author's transl)]. AB - The Marmor prosthesis may be used for a surface arthroplasty of the knee by means of a system of unicompartmental modules including 4 sizes of condylar ramps and 6 thicknesses of tibial plateaux in two widths. It is thus possible to treat one or both compartments and correct any axial deviation. The operative technique must be careful and accurate with regard to the positioning of the prostheses and the choice of thickness of the plateau to be inserted. Preoperative radiological assessment must be very precise, and include in particular films with monopodal weight bearing and in forced position in order to study the joint surfaces and predict the correction which must be applied. Fifty operations have been performed (in 37 cases for osteoarthrosis), but the essential aim of the present study is to report the results of 35 unicompartmental prostheses with a follow-up of 1 to 5 years (mean : 2 years and 2 months). Thirty results were assessed as good or very good. The most spectacular features were freedom from pain and the rapidity with which the results were obtained. They would seem to be clinically stable. Nevertheless, the development of 3 deteriorations of the tibial plateau after Marmor would appear to contraindicate the use of 6 mm thickness plateaux. In contrast to widespread opinion, the remaining compartment does not degenerate, so long as it was normal preoperatively and there has not been any hypercorrection of the deviation after unicompartimental arthroplasty. Nevertheless, the latter has its limits and whilst it may play a role in the treatment of certain cases of osteoarthrosis of the knee, it cannot replace either tibial osteotomy for correction of the axis or bicompartimental prostheses or total prostheses anchored in the diaphysis, which also have their indications. PMID- 7228931 TI - [By-pass from sub-clavian to carotid artery. A rescue procedure in the treatment of common carotid artery hemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - Rupture of a carotid artery in an infected or irradiated environment is a tragic event that frequently causes immediate death. Plain ligature, when possible, for these patients in a state of shock, leads to cerebral ischemia in 65% of cases. This can be prevented, if one operates soon enough by an extra-anatomic by-pass, avoiding the infected or irradiated area, between the subclavian artery and the homolateral carotid artery. (Study of 2 cases). Such a procedure could be used preventively when the risk for the carotid is highest (particularly septic surgery followed by irradiation). PMID- 7228930 TI - [Transpleurodiaphragmatic drainage of post-operative sub-phrenic abcesses (author's transl)]. AB - About 19 observations, authors analyse a method for treating post-operative sub phrenic abscesses: transpleurodiaphragmatic drainage. This study is showing the efficiency of the technic which is a real flattening of the abscess. It is showing as well its inocuosness as mortality and morbidity are none in spite of the field this treatment is used on. On the other hand this method prescribes very definite conditions: the real sub-phrenic abscess must be single and quite localized in postero-lateral position. PMID- 7228932 TI - [Dimethylnitrosamine hepatic cirrhosis in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic intoxication with dimethylnitrosamine (D.M.N.A.) in the rat induced an experimental cirrhosis which seems stable in time. The intoxication was done by forcible feeding either with 7 or 8 mg/kg of D.M.N.A., three consecutive days a week, for 9 weeks. Chronical intoxication resulted in 50% of hepatic cirrhosis in the 7 mg/kg group and 63% in the 8 mg/kg group. --The diagnostic of hepatic cirrhosis was done by pathological study on the left lobe. --In all cirrhotic rats, verified by histology, biological test were disturbed in a significant way, compared to untreated rats, but not to non cirrhotic intoxicated rats. There was no correlation between pathological anatomy and biology. --Cirrhosis persists after the intoxication but survival duration is much shorter in the group intoxicated with 8 mg/kg of D.M.N.A. --There was no difference in the constitution of cirrhosis between Wistar and Sprague Dawley strains. Therefore the best procedure to induce cirrhosis in rats is chronical intoxication by administration of 7 mg/kg of D.M.N.A. during 3 consecutive days a week for 9 weeks. Pathological study are the only reliable tests to determine the constitution of cirrhosis. PMID- 7228933 TI - [Liquid storage media for vascular prosthesis of biological origins : their impact on biocompatibility (author's transl)]. AB - Unlike synthetic arterial substitutes which are supplied as presterilized, dry packaged products with potentially indefinite shelf lives, arterial prosthesis of modified biological origin must stored in less convenient liquid preservative media. These preservatives can affect the post-implantation performance and the biocompatibility of the devices. In order to identify the most suitable media, a modified "in vitro" cell culture test method was developed. It makes use of endothelial cells prepared from the aorta of chick embryo. In general, the prosthesis stored in liquid media had a disappointing performance from the point of view of neo-endothelium development and adhesion. Residual cytotoxicity was also noted for most of these currently used prosthesis storage and pre-surgical preparation protocols. Although devices stored in physiologic media showed adequate biocompatibility according to this cell culture test, it appears that neo endothelialization does not proceed concurrently with healing. Cellular development where present, adheres poorly to the substrate and cannot resist the shear forces of normal blood flow. Pre-implantation treatment of such prosthesis with cellular growth-promoting substances may enhance cell-prosthesis adhesion. PMID- 7228934 TI - [Use of carbon fibers to repair the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied the performance of carbon fiber cables, implanted in dogs and rabbits after severing or resecting the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. The study concerned the reinvestment and the tolerance of these carbon fibers abundantly implanted inside the articulations of particularly sensitive animals. These investigations have defined the clinical and pathological fate of the carbon fibers from a mechanical and biological point of view. They show how slight the inflammatory reaction is and confirm the inducing property for the collagen tissue. PMID- 7228935 TI - Rapid method for the determination of tetraalkyltin compounds in various kinds of biological material by gas chromatography. AB - A rapid gas chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of tetraalkyltin compounds in biological materials. Tetraalkyltins were rapidly purified by direct passage through a silica gel column after extraction from the homogenized tissues with n-hexane. Gas chromatographic analysis was alternatively carried out with PEG 20M at temperatures from 50 to 150 degrees C. A hydrogen flame-ionization detector was more sensitive and selective towards tetraalkyltins than an electron-capture detector. Detection limits reached 1 x 10(-8) g for tetraalkyltins. Recoveries of tetraalkyltins added to various tissues at the 85-nmole level ranged from 97 to 104%. In vivo studies indicated that for a sample containing more than 0.1 micrograms of tetraalkyltins per gram of tissue, the proposed method is accurate enough for quantitative analysis. PMID- 7228936 TI - Use of a flame thermionic detector in the determination of glucosamine and galactosamine in glycoconjugates by gas chromatography. PMID- 7228937 TI - Chromatographic separation of some biogenic amines on a weakly acidic ion exchange resin. PMID- 7228938 TI - Reversed-phase supports for th resolution of large denatured protein fragments. AB - Large pore (much greater than 300 A), spherical partical silica stationary phases possessing either C18 or C8 hydrocarbon ligands out-performed small pore (60 100A), irregular shaped silicas for the purification of large denatured peptides. Since columns 5 cm in length appeared to be as effective in separating peptides as columns 5 times longer, it is likely that large peptides absorb to the matrix rather than partition between the stationary and mobile phases. PMID- 7228939 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin and its application to the analysis of mouldy rice for sterigmatocystin. PMID- 7228940 TI - Isotachophoretic characterization of stinging insect venoms. PMID- 7228941 TI - Rapid micro-method for the measurement of paracetamol in blood plasma or serum using gas-liquid chromatography with flame-ionisation detection. AB - A simple method for the measurement of plasma paracetamol concentrations using a novel extraction/acetylation procedure prior to gas-liquid chromatographic analysis has been developed. The sample (100 microliters) is vortex-mixed for 30 sec with 0.067 mole/l phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 (50 microliters), internal standard solution (N-butyryl-p-aminophenol (200 mg/l) in chloroform) (50 microliters) and "acetylation reagent" (acetic anhydride--N-methylimidazole (catalyst)--chloroform, 5:1:30) (20 microliters). After centrifugation at 9950 g for 3 min, a portion (5 microliters) of the resulting extract is analysed on a 1.5 m X 4 mm I.D. glass column packed with 3% (w/w) C87 hydrocarbon (Apolane-87) on Chromosorb W HP, 100-120 mesh, maintained at 235 degrees C. A specimen together with a quality control sample can be analysed, in duplicate, within 20 min. The limit of accurate measurement of the assay is 10 mg/l, and few potential sources of interference have been identified. The method has advantages of speed and reproducibility over other gas-liquid chromatographic procedures and, in addition, of selectivity over spectrophotometric techniques. The procedure provides a useful alternative to liquid chromatographic methods for emergency paracetamol measurements. PMID- 7228942 TI - Identification of two Thormahlen-positive compounds from melanotic urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - The isolation of two Thormahlen-positive compounds from the urine of a patient with malignant melanoma and the elucidation of their structure by gas chromatography-mass spectometry is described. The compounds were isolated using a poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone column and separated by preparative thin-layer chromatography. After elution they were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as their trimethylsilyl derivatives and after hydrolysis also as their tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. The results showed the main Thormahlen-positive compound A to be the glucuronide of 5-hydroxy-6 methoxyindole, whereas the minor compound AX appeared to be the glucuronide of its isomer 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole. PMID- 7228943 TI - Improved procedure for the anion-exchange isolation of urinary organic acids. AB - DEAE-Sephadex equilibrated in 0.5 M triethylammonium acetate is suitable for the quantitative isolation of lactonisable organic acids. Mono-, di- and tricarboxylic acids can be eluted sequentially from DEAE-Sephadex by the use of 0.5 M triethylamine, 0.5 M triethylamine--0.1 M acetic acid, and 1.5 M pyridinium acetate. PMID- 7228944 TI - Gas chromatographic analysis of free amino acids in the hyaloplasm of the hypophysis, pineal gland, thyroid gland, spinal cord, thymus and lymph nodes of the cow. AB - Studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of free amino acids in the hyaloplasm of the hypophysis, pineal gland, thyroid gland, spinal cord, thymus and lymph nodes of the cow are described. The following findings are reported: the highest levels of alanine, valine, glycine, isoleucine, histidine, leucine, threonine, serine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and lysine are found in the thyroid gland, methionine and aspartic acid in the spinal cord, tryptophan and hydroxyproline in the pineal gland, and proline and glutamic acid in the thymus gland. The highest level by weight is that of glutamic acid in all tissues. The presence of alpha-aminobutyric acid combined with sarcosine and 4-aminoisobutyric acid with 2-AOA and citrulline with cystine was demonstrated. alpha Aminoisobutyric acid and isovaline were found in the spinal cord. PMID- 7228945 TI - Determination of dopamine, homovanillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in rat brain striatum by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - Two procedures using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection are described for the determination of dopamine (DA) and its two acidic metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), in subregions of rat striatum and nucleus accumbens. A strong cation-exchange column was used for DA analysis and a C18 reversed-phase column was used for the analysis of the metabolites. Effects of pH, temperature and percentage of methanol on the retention time of HVA and DOPAC were studied. Levels of these compounds in the subregions of rat stratum and nucleus accumbens are reported. PMID- 7228946 TI - Determination of monoacetyldiamines and -polyamines in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A procedure is described for the determination of monoacetylputrescine, N1-acetyl spermidine and N8-acetylspermidine in human urine. The procedure is based on the high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the 5 dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl (dansyl) derivatives of these amines using two different chromatographic modes. Monoacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane was used as an internal standard. The amines were extracted from urine using a silica gel cartridge. The dansyl monoacetylpolyamines were separated from the mixture of dansyl derivatives of urinary amines on a bonded-phase CN column using a programmed solvent gradient elution. The dansyl acetylpolyamines were rechromatographed on a silica gel column. This chromatographic procedure was used for the determination of the concentration of N1-acetylspermidine, N8 acetylspermidine and monoacetylputrescine in the urine of healthy volunteers and cancer patients. PMID- 7228947 TI - Simultaneous measurement of dothiepin and its major metabolites in plasma and whole blood by gas chromatography-mass fragmentography. AB - A method for the simultaneous measurement of dothiepin and two of its major metabolites, northiaden and dothiepin S-oxide in both plasma and whole blood is described. The method involves the use of gas chromatography-mass fragmentography. It is selective, sensitive (1 microgram/1) and reproducible. It has been used to analyse both plasma and blood samples following single oral doses of 75 mg dothiepin in seven volunteers. PMID- 7228948 TI - Determination of 1,4- and 1,5-benzodiazepines in urine using a computerized gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique. AB - A method for the determination of benzodiazepines and their main metabolites in urine after acid hydrolysis is described. The extract is analyzed by computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. An on-line computer allows rapid detection using mass fragmentography with the masses m/e 211, 230, 241, 244, 249, 262, 276, and 285. The mass fragmentogram and the underlying mass spectra of the hydrolysis products (benzophenones and analogues) are documented. PMID- 7228949 TI - Determination of carbimide in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive and selective method for the measurement of carbimide, the hydrolytic product of calcium carbimide, in plasma is described. The procedure involves extraction with ethyl acetate, derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and analysis by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection. The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay is 5.0 ng/ml carbimide in plasma. The overall accuracy of the procedure is 96.1% with a coefficient of variation not exceeding 8.7%. This assay has been used to investigate the time-course of plasma carbimide concentration in the rat following oral administration of calcium carbimide. PMID- 7228950 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of phentolamine (Regitine) in human plasma and urine. AB - A method for the determination of unconjugated phentolamine at concentrations down to 5 ng/ml in human plasma, and of free and total (free plus conjugated) phentolamine down to 25 ng/ml in urine is described. After addition of 2-[N-(p chlorophenyl)-N-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-aminomethyl]-2-imidazoline as internal standard, both compounds are extracted into benzene-ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) at pH 10, transferred into an acidic aqueous solution and back-extracted at pH 10 into benzene-ethyl acetate. They are then derivatized with N heptafluorobutyrylimidazole. The derivatives are determined by gas chromatography using a 63Ni electron-capture detector. In urine, total (free plus conjugated) phentolamine is determined after enzymatic hydrolysis. The technique was applied for the study of the plasma concentrations and urinary elimination after oral administration to man. PMID- 7228951 TI - Determination of prenalterol in plasma and in urine by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A description is given of a gas-liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of unchanged prenalterol in plasma and for the total (free and conjugated) prenalterol in urine. After addition of an adequate internal standard, prenalterol together with the internal standard, is extracted with diethyl ether and derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride-pyridine to form a tri-heptafluorobutyric derivative. This derivative has favourable properties for its estimation by gas-liquid chromatography using electron-capture detection. A large percentage of prenalterol is excreted as sulfate conjugate in man. Thus a hydrolysis step is added to the urine assay. The sensitivity of the method is about 2ng/ml. PMID- 7228952 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of penicillamine in whole blood, plasma, and urine. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of penicillamine in plasma, whole blood, and urine samples is described. The method uses a commercially available electrochemical detector at a potential of +0.1 V versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. This method is selective and sensitive for sulfhydryl compounds. The chromatography separates penicillamine from other endogenous sulfhydryl compounds with a limit of detection for penicillamine in biological samples of ca. 10(07) M. PMID- 7228953 TI - Quantitative analysis of melphalan and its major hydrolysate in patients and animals by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The detection of 4-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1-phenylalanine (L-DOH) in blood samples taken from patients after treatment with melphalan [4-bis-(2 chloroethyl)amino-1-phenylalanine, L-PAM] suggests that the quantification of this major hydrolysate of L-PAM can be of considerable importance in L-PAM chemotherapy. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the quantitative analysis of both L-PAM and L-DOH in biological samples, with a detection sensitivity of 0.1 ppm. This method provides a distinct separation of L-PAM (retention time 12 min) and L-DOH (retention time 6.5 min), with no interference from the biological background (retention time 1.4 -3 min). PMID- 7228954 TI - Determination of the major metabolite of phentolamine in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatographic method using UV detection is described for the assay of the major metabolite of phentolamine in plasma and urine before or after enzymatic hydrolysis. Plasma is deproteinized with methanol. The sensitivity limit is 200 ng/ml using 150-microliters samples. Urine is either diluted with water or purified after enzymatic hydrolysis. Concentrations down to 2--3 micrograms/ml could be quantified with acceptable precision. This method was applied to plasma and urine samples from subjects given phentolamine. PMID- 7228955 TI - Determination of plasma theophylline by straight-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: elimination of interfering caffeine metabolites. AB - Several authors have recently reported interference in theophylline analysis by paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine), an important metabolite of caffeine. A method for the determination of theophylline in plasma is described, eliminating caffeine and related compounds by means of straight-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The resulting procedure is sufficiently rapid, accurate and sensitive to be applied in routine monitoring of therapeutic levels in patients as well as for pharmacokinetic purposes. Although only 0.1 ml of sample is required, concentrations as low as 0.2 mg/l can be measured with acceptable precision. A brief comparative evaluation of this procedure with a radioimmunoassay is made. PMID- 7228956 TI - Natural products chemistry. 81. Analysis of rat thymus steroids by liquid-gel chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 7228957 TI - Reliability of the estimation of serum cortisol by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7228958 TI - Mass fragmentographic quantification of naproxen in human plasma. PMID- 7228959 TI - Rapid determination of anticonvulsant drugs by isothermal gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 7228961 TI - Simple and rapid gas-liquid chromatographic method for estimating carbamazepine in serum. PMID- 7228960 TI - Rapid quantitation of flurazepam and its major metabolite, N-desalkylflurazepam, in human plasma by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection. PMID- 7228962 TI - Simultaneous determination of verapamil and its seven metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7228964 TI - The separation and determination of liothyronine and levothyroxine in tablets by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system is described for the determination of liothyronine sodium (NaT3) and levothyroxine sodium (NaT4) in tablets using an octadecylsilane reversed-phase (RP-18) column packing with a mobile phase consisting of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, methanol, and water at 44 degrees C. After extracting the active ingredient from the excipients with dilute sodium hydroxide, an aliquot was chromatographed and the components were detected and quantitated by their UV spectrophotometric response at 254 nm. PMID- 7228963 TI - The separation and determination of chlorpromazine and some of its related compounds by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high performance liquid chromatographic analysis is described for chlorpromazine and some of its related compounds in tablet dosage forms and biological matrices using a dimethylsilane (RP-2) reversed-phase column packing and a mobile phase consisting of ammonium carbonate, acetonitrile, and water. The method will separate and quantitate mixtures of chlorpromazine sulfone, chlorpromazine sulfoxide, desmonomethylchlorpromazine sulfoxide, chlorpromazine, and desmonomethylchlorpromazine. After incorporation of the tablet dosage form or biological matrix in a solvent mixture consisting of dilute hydrochloric acid or ammonium carbonate, acetonitrile, and water, an aliquot is chromatographed and the components are detected and quantitated by their UV spectrophotometric absorption at 254 nm. For chlorpromazine and chlorpromazine sulfoxide hydrochlorides, the data show that temperatures ranging from 30 degrees-80 degrees C may be selected without affecting this analysis except to alter elution time, but the selected temperature must be controlled to +/- 1 degree C in order to achieve precise analytical results. The response of the chromatographic system in aqueous solution is linear over a concentration range of 19.4 ng-56 microgram/ml chlorpromazine. Adequate sensitivity, good selectivity, and reproducibility are shown for the analysis of chlorpromazine in single tablets. PMID- 7228965 TI - A rapid and specific method for measuring chloramphenicol degradation in aqueous solution following autoclaving. AB - An HPLC method is reported for the measurement of chloramphenicol and its degradation product following autoclaving. The procedure, using a reversed-phase column and potassium phosphate solution as the solvent, is shown to be suitable for monitoring chloramphenicol degradation in intrathecal injections after sterilisation. PMID- 7228966 TI - Identification and quantitation of neutral and basic drugs in blood by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. AB - There is an increasing need for the quantitation of drugs that act on the central nervous system in blood of patients suspected of poisoning. A simple method for quantitative determination of neutral and basic drugs is described. The method involves a basic extraction without derivatization. The plasma extracts are injected on a Hewlett-Packard chromatograph using two nitrogen-specific detectors. In most cases, the comparison of relative retention times on the two columns is sufficient for identification of the ingested drugs. But when the method falls, the use of a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer equipped with a chemical ionization source is necessary. PMID- 7228967 TI - Simple circular odor chart for characterization of trace amounts of odorants discharged from thirteen odor sources. AB - A simple circular odor chart is proposed for the explanation of the relationship between sensory responses (to odor quality and intensity) to odors and chemical analysis data of the odorants responsible for each odor discharged from thirteen odor sources. The odorants were classified into eight odorant groups and were analyzed by a systematic gas chromatographic (GC) technique. The characterization of the trace amounts of the odorants was carried out by using the values of a new proposed unit (pOU) based on the ratio of detected concentration to recognition threshold value. The calculated pOU values of the eight groups were plotted in circular charts. It was found that the shape and size of each circular odor chart represent the quality and the intensity of each odor. PMID- 7228968 TI - Confirmation of specificity by neutralisation in immunoradiometric assay for hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Two types of neutralisation or blocking test using human anti-HBs are described for the confirmation of positive results obtained by immunoradiometric screening for HBsAg. PMID- 7228969 TI - A simplified plaque assay for influenza viruses in Madin-Darby kidney (MDCK) cells. AB - A variety of influenza A and B viruses plaque in MDCK cell in trypsin is added only at the time of viral adsorption to the monolayer. Therefore, a conventional soft-agar overlay can be employed without addition of proteolytic enzymes. Plaquing efficiency was comparable to that when embryonated eggs were used to determine infectivity. Finally the method is simple and economical. PMID- 7228970 TI - Concentration of bacteriophage lysates by filter chromatography. AB - High-titered phage stocks are required for carrying out genetic and physicochemical studies on bacteriophages. This study describes a simple method for the concentration of coliphages MS-2 and T2 by charge-modified filters. Phage lysates were first clarified by filtration through serum-coated membrane filters. The clarified lysate was adjusted to pH 6 and passed through a Zeta-plus filter (30 S size). Greater than 99% virus adsorption occurred under these conditions. Adsorbed viruses were successfully eluted by small volumes of 3% beef extract (pH 10) which was subsequently neutralized with 3% beef extract (pH2). A concentration factor as great as 126 could be achieved by this method, with recoveries ranging from 54% to 97% (average = 60%). PMID- 7228971 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by somatic cell hybrids. AB - Hybridomas secreting anti-HBs were produced by fusion of either adw or ayw HBsAg primed mouse spleen cells with either P3 X63 Ag8 or P3 NSI 1 Ag4 1 mouse myeloma cell lines. Individual anti-HBs secreting clones were isolated by limiting dilution procedures, and six cell lines have been established, namely, BX182, BX259, BX248, CN324, DN283, and DN296. Progenies of each cell line were derived from a single clone obtained from three subclonings of six anti-HBs positive initial fusion colonies. Clones were passaged in tissue culture and as tumors in syngeneic mice for upwards of six months. Anti-HBs of each line showed characteristic reactivity (detection) patterns in radioimmunoassay using different antigen subtype solid phases followed by either 125I-HBsAg or 125I-goat anti-mouse IgG probe. The specificity of the anti-HBs from each clone for the subdeterminants of HBsAg was identified by their reaction with 125I-HBsAg ligands of several subtypes in a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. Four types of reaction were identified and correlated to the conventional serological subtyping definitions; they were anti-HBs/a (BX259 and CN324), anti-HBs/d (BX182), and possibly anti-HBs/w (BX248 and DN296) and anti-HBs/y (DN283). These monoclonal antibodies will be important for the elucidation of the antigenic structure of native HBsAg and will provide valuable reagents for both antigen detection and subtyping. PMID- 7228972 TI - A sensitive immunoradiometric assay for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - A solid-phase immunoradiometric assay for hepatitis B surface antigen is described which has been in use since 1971. Initially it was used for reference laboratory work, but from 1974 it has also been used for screening blood and blood products. Methods for the production of reagents and their use in blood transfusion and reference work are outlined. PMID- 7228973 TI - A sensitive plaque inhibition technique for assay of antibodies to influenza virus: use to detect previous antigenic priming with influenza viruses. AB - Plaque reduction test performed in MDCK cells was found to be a more sensitive assay than hemagglutination inhibition, for revealing previous immunological experience with influenza A virus in the population. Based on the preimmunization antibody levels, determined by plaque reduction tests, it was possible to distinguish between previously primed and unprimed subjects among vaccinees. PMID- 7228977 TI - Separation of M-protein from influenza virus by agarose gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7228975 TI - HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc IgM in patients with hepatitis B. AB - Using radioimmunoassay, 70 consecutive patients with acute type B hepatitis were investigated for the presence of HBeAg and anti-HBe. The results indicate that HBeAg is found constantly in the early phase of acute hepatitis B. The presence of HBeAg for more than 10 weeks after the onset of symptoms seems to be of prognostic value and signifies the development of a chronic HBsAg carrier state. Anti-HBc titres were determined in 40 patients with acute hepatitis B with differing outcomes of their disease. The anti-HBc titres were generally above 1:100 at the time of admission to the hospital and in those patients who remained HBsAg-positive the anti-HBc titres remained about 1:1000 during the 12 month follow-up period. Anti-HBc IgM was constantly present in 42 patients with acute hepatitis B and was found to persist from 7 months to several years in those patients who became chronic HBsAg carriers. Anti-HBc IgM was found to persist for more than 2 years in five of the 12 patients investigated who developed chronic liver disease in spite of an early clearance of HBsAg. PMID- 7228974 TI - Detection and significance of anti-HBc in the blood bank; preliminary results of a controlled prospective study. AB - It has been suggested that post-transfusion hepatitis B (PTHB) may occur after transfusion with blood negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) but positive for antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). We are currently conducting a controlled prospective study of recipients of such blood to investigate this possibility. Blood donors were routinely screened for HBsAg by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and those found negative were tested for anti-HBc by RIA. The HBsAg negative, anti-HBc positive donors were then tested by antibody directed against HBsAg by RIA, antibody directed against hepatitis B 'e' antigen by enzyme-immunoassay and for the liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT. To date,, follow up has been completed in the recipients of 141 anti-HBc positive blood donors and in a control group of the recipients of 141 anti-HBc negative blood donors. All the recipients were bled repeatedly with intervals of 4--5 weeks up to 7 months post-transfusion. Currently, no clear-cut seroconversion was observed in recipients of either group for any of the antibody markers of HBV infection. While none of the 141 recipients of anti-HBc negative blood became positive for HBsAg, 3/141 recipients of anti-HBc positive blood acquired HBsAg and developed clinically manifest post-transfusion hepatitis B. PMID- 7228978 TI - Immunochemical detection of ds-RNA in healthy and virus-infected plants and specific detection of viral ds-RNA by hybridization to labelled complementary DNA. AB - Double-stranded (ds) RNA was detected in nucleic acid preparations from virus free leaf tissues of several plant species by radial double-diffusion tests with antiserum raised against polyinosinic : polycytidylic acid [poly(I) : poly(C)]. No significant differences in the concentrations of ds-RNA were detected by such tests in virus-free French bean leaves and those infected with tobacco mosaic virus or tobacco ringspot virus. However, virus-specific ds-RNAs as well as genomic RNAs of both viruses were readily detected and estimated quantitatively by hybridization to 3H-labelled complementary DNA probes. It is concluded that it is not feasible to screen plant material infected with single-stranded RNA viruses by immunochemical tests for virus-associated ds-RNAs. PMID- 7228976 TI - Characterisation of rubella virus hemagglutinin rosettes. AB - Purified rubella virus treated with Triton X-100 was subjected to centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient containing nonionic detergent beta-D octylglucoside. The result of this treatment was the formation of hemagglutinating rosettes containing viral glycoproteins VP2 (50,000 mol. wt.) and VP3 (63,000 mol. wt.). The rosettes have a 26 S sedimentation coefficient and a density of 1.2 g/cm3 in sucrose. Electron microscopy revealed 15 nm rosettes with a hollow center. The molecular weight of the rosettes was extrapolated at 850,000. PMID- 7228979 TI - Cardiovascular risk factors in a tri-ethnic population: Houston, Texas 1972-1975. PMID- 7228980 TI - Cord blood high density lipoprotein concentration in 1797 births: relationship to family history of coronary disease. PMID- 7228981 TI - Optimal methods for identifying depression following hospitalization for myocardial infarction. PMID- 7228982 TI - The instability of blood pressure variability over time. PMID- 7228983 TI - Psychosocial adaptation in older cystic fibrosis patients. PMID- 7228984 TI - Acute headaches: presenting symptoms and diagnostic rules to identify patients with tension and migraine headache. PMID- 7228986 TI - Stability of hemoglobin AIc levels on repetitive determination in diabetic out patients. AB - Hemoglobin (Hb) AIc levels were measured biweekly for 14 weeks in 49 diabetic out patients and 20 nondiabetic subjects. As conventional indices of diabetes control, urine tests were performed four times per day, and plasma glucose concentrations were measured 2 h post breakfast. The diabetic group ranged in age from 15-73 yr and in duration of diabetes from 6 months to 45 yr. Eleven subjects were on diet therapy alone, three were on oral hypoglycemic agents, and 35 were on insulin therapy. The nondiabetic group ranged in age from 18-65 yr. On entry to the study, the mean (+/-SD) Hb AIc and plasma glucose levels of the diabetic group (8.60 +/- 2.11% and 142.5 +/- 99.9 mg/dl) were significantly higher than in the control group (4.68 +/- 0.60% and 102.4 +/- 21.7 mg/dl; P less than 0.001) and remained so throughout the study. The mean coefficient of variation for Hb AIc did not differ significantly between the control group and either the diet therapy or insulin therapy diabetic groups. Urine test values averaged over 2 week periods for each diabetic subject showed a high degree of stability. The mean Hb AIc levels for individual diabetic subjects correlated with the mean plasma glucose levels (r = 0.544; P less than 0.001), proportion of 2% urine tests (r = -0.798; P less than 0.001). These data provide further support for Hb AIc as a measure of diabetes control and, in addition, provide the first direct evidence that a single Hb AIc determination in a 3-month period is adequate for this purpose when the subjects are on a stable therapeutic regimen. PMID- 7228985 TI - Effect of metoclopramide on the secretion and metabolism of aldosterone in man. AB - We performed this study to determine whether metoclopramide increases the concentration of plasma aldosterone in normal man by increasing the secretion rate of aldosterone or by decreasing aldosterone metabolic clearance. On the first day that metoclopramide was administered orally to seven normal subjects, the secretion rate of aldosterone increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from the rate during the preceding placebo period. By the fourth day of treatment, the secretion rate had returned to control values and remained there during an ensuing placebo period. The excretion rate of aldosterone followed a similar pattern. The increase in aldosterone secretion was accompanied by a transient but significant decrease in urinary sodium excretion. Metoclopramide administered iv had no effect on the metabolic clearance of aldosterone. Metoclopramide stimulated aldosterone-producing adenomas and nodular hyperplastic adrenal tissue resected from patients with primary aldosteronism to produce aldosterone in vitro. We conclude that metoclopramide increases the concentration of aldosterone in plasma by stimulating the secretion of aldosterone rather than by decreasing aldosterone metabolic clearance, and that metoclopramide probably stimulates aldosterone secretion by acting directly on adrenal tissue. PMID- 7228987 TI - Isolated skeletal involvement in Cushing's syndrome: response to therapy. AB - A 38-yr-old male presented with severe symptomatic osteopenia secondary to adrenal hyperfunction without any clinical expression of Cushing's syndrome. The predominantly axial distribution of his osteopenia and the presence of rib fractures healing with abundant callus formation, despite insignificant elevations in serum alkaline phosphatase, were characteristic of glucocorticoid excess syndromes. The histological features of the pretreatment bone biopsy were typical of those associated with excess glucocorticoids, namely decreased quantities of nonmineralized bone matrix, reflecting sites of bone formation, and an increase in the number of osteoclasts, indicating enhanced bone resorption. Six weeks after adrenalectomy, repeat bone biopsy revealed a marked increase in bone matrix synthesis and a significant decrease in bone resorption. These observations suggest that stimulators of skeletal turnover, like sodium fluoride, may be inappropriate in the initial treatment of steroid-induced osteopenia after surgical cure and that vitamin D and calcium therapy offers a more rational approach. Furthermore, the importance of the routine evaluation of adrenal function in any patient presenting with osteopenia is stressed, as well as the fact that relatively isolated skeletal involvement, classically described in micronodular adrenal disease, is not necessarily peculiar to a specific subset of the syndrome but may potentially attend any cause of glucocorticoid excess. PMID- 7228988 TI - Acute prolactin release triggered by feeding. AB - An abrupt increment in serum prolactin (PRL) levels was demonstrated within 45 minutes of initiation of lunch at 1200 or 1400 h and supper at 1700 h. These observations establish that feeding triggers an acute release of PRL by the hypothalamic-pituitary unit. PMID- 7228989 TI - Lithium induces abnormal calcium-regulated PTH release in dispersed bovine parathyroid cells. AB - The effects of lithium on calcium-regulated parathyroid hormone (PTH) release were assessed in collagenase-dispersed bovine parathyroid cells. Preincubation for 4 hours with LiCl caused a dose-dependent increase in the concentration of calcium required for half-maximal inhibition of immunoreactive PTH release (the "set-point" for calcium). A significant increase in "set-point" was observed following exposure to 1.25 mM lithium, a concentration within the therapeutic range for man. This effect required preincubation with LiCl, was not seen with NaCl or KCl, and persisted despite removal of extracellular lithium. This lithium induced abnormality in calcium-regulated PTH secretion may be a useful model system for analyzing the analogous defect in secretory control in primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7228990 TI - Parathyroid imaging after intraarterial injections of [75Se]selenomethionine. AB - Thirteen patients with persistent hyperparathyroidism after unsuccessful neck surgery were given up to 250 microCi [75Se]selenomethionine intraarterially during parathyroid arteriography, gamma-Camera images of the neck and mediastinum localized abnormal parathyroids in four of five patients receiving complete injections, despite very small glands or unsuccessful arteriograms in some of the patients. Correctly localizing images were obtained in three patients receiving incomplete injections. However, images in five of eight of the remaining patients receiving incomplete injections showed areas of false positive uptake, and there was no way preoperatively to distinguish these from the true positive studies. We conclude that intraarterial injection of radioselenomethionine is a simple supplementary procedure in patients undergoing arteriography that may, with proper technique, be useful in identifying small foci of abnormal parathyroid tissue. PMID- 7228991 TI - Endogenous biologically active human parathyroid hormone: measurement by a guanyl nucleotide-amplified renal adenylate cyclase assay. PMID- 7228992 TI - Plasma lipoprotein regulation of progesterone biosynthesis by human corpus luteum tissue in organ culture. AB - The role of plasma lipoproteins in supplying cholesterol for progesterone biosynthesis by human corpus luteum tissue in culture was investigated. Progesterone secretion by tissue fragments maintained in organ culture reached a maximum rate by the third day and subsequently declined. Maximal secretion of progesterone was dependent on the presence of both low density lipoprotein (LDL) and hCG in the culture medium, whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) was ineffective in supporting progesterone biosynthesis. Human corpus luteum tissue degraded [125I]iodo-LDL by a mechanism which was saturable, and degradation of [125I]iodo-LDL was stimulated by hCG. Although 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity was present in microsomes prepared from fresh human corpus luteum tissue, the activity of this enzyme in microsomes prepared from tissue maintained in culture for 3 days was virtually undetectable. Fresh human corpus luteum tissue contained 3 times more unesterified cholesterol than esterified cholesterol. It is concluded that LDL, but not HDL, is the major source of cholesterol used by the human corpus luteum for progesterone biosynthesis. PMID- 7228993 TI - Decreased plasma and urinary dopamine during dietary sodium depletion in man. AB - This study was designed to investigate the influence of dietary sodium restriction on plasma and urine dopamine levels. Five normal white male volunteer subjects wee studied in metabolic balance at constant 150 meq sodium, 60 meq potassium intake and then daily for 7 days on an isocaloric constant diet of 10 meq sodium and 60 meq potassium/day. With dietary sodium restriction, urinary sodium excretion decreased from 152 +/- 13 meq/day in stepwise fashion to 7 +/- 1 meq/day (P less than 0.001) on day 7. On the first day of dietary sodium restriction, a sodium deficit of 122 meq was associated with a decrease in supine plasma dopamine concentration from 58 +/- 10 to 45 +/- 7 pg/ml (P less than values for 2 days but decreased again to 43 +/- 12 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) on day 4 of sodium restriction and remained significantly lower than control on days 5-7 of sodium restriction (P less than 0.01). Supine plasma norepinephrine concentration increased from 193 +/- 34 to 232 +/- 29 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) on day 1 of sodium restriction and remained elevated during each subsequent day of low sodium intake (P less than 0.001). Supine plasma epinephrine concentration was unchanged by sodium restriction. Urinary dopamine excretion decreased from 12 +/- 2 to 8 +/- 1 microgram/h (P less than 0.05) on day 2 of sodium restriction and remained significantly low during each subsequent day of low sodium intake. Urinary norepinephrine was unchanged by sodium restriction. The data indicate a variable decrease in plasma dopamine concentration and a constant decrease in urinary dopamine excretion during the course of dietary sodium restriction in man. PMID- 7228994 TI - Antidiuretic responses to injected desmopressin, alone and with indomethacin. AB - Desmopressin (dDAVP) is a synthetic analog of arginine vasopressin which generally has been very effective, used intranasally, in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. There are several clinical situations, however, where a parenteral route of administration would be preferable. Using 6 patients with diabetes insipidus, we have shown a dose-response relationship between 0.5 and 4 microgram of dDAVP injected sc. The nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory agent, indomethacin, augments the magnitude, but not the duration, of the response to 0.5 microgram dDAVP. These observations suggest that injected dDAVP, generally in the amount of 1 or 2 microgram, would be a valuable agent in the treatment of diabetes insipidus and that combined therapy with indomethacin is probably not warranted. PMID- 7228995 TI - The ontogeny of the androgen receptor in human foreskin. AB - To investigate the relationship between the androgen receptor content of human foreskin and age-dependent physiological changes in genital development, cytosolic and nuclear androgen receptors were measured in preputial skin specimens from male subjects of various ages. Optimum incubation conditions (4 C, 20 h) were established for measurement of androgen receptors by the exchange method with the synthetic androgen ligand methyltrienolone. The number of total androgen receptor sites, cytosolic plus nuclear, was fairly constant at all ages studied. However, the androgen receptor was predominantly localized to the nuclear compartment at those developmental stages characterized by higher levels of circulating blood androgens, i.e. newborns, pubertal males, and adults. By contrast, the androgen receptor in specimens from prepubertal boys was confined almost exclusively to the cytosolic compartment. This corresponds to a time of low plasma androgen levels and quiescence in genital maturation. It is suggested that changes in the intracellular distribution of androgen receptors may bear some relationship to the sequence of normal genital growth and development with nuclear androgen receptors having major physiological importance. PMID- 7228996 TI - The effect of histamine and H1 and H2 receptors on prolactin and luteinizing hormone release in humans: sex differences and the role of stress. AB - The present experiments were performed to investigate the possible role of histamine and its receptors, H1 and H2, in the control of PRL and LH release in normal adult humans of both sexes. Histamine infusion (200 microgram, iv, in 15 min) induced PRL and LH release in men; in women, histamine inhibited LH release without affecting PRL release. Two H1 antagonists, dexchlorpheniramine (10 mg, iv) and promethazine (50 mg, im), reduced PRL release in both sexes, stimulated LH release in men, and inhibited LH release in women. Cimetidine, an H2 antagonist (400 mg, iv), elicited PRL release in both sexes, more consistently in females than in males, and was without effect on LH release in either sex. These data suggest that in humans, the effect of histamine on PRL release is linked to H1 and H2 receptors, which respectively stimulate and inhibit PRL release independently of sex. The effect of histamine on LH release appears to depend on sex and to be mediated only by H1 receptors. To rule out the possibility that the effects of histamine are merely due to a nonspecific stress reaction, we have evaluated PRL and LH release in otherwise normal men and women undergoing surgery for gallstones. Surgery was accompanied by PRL release in both sexes, more evident in women, and by LH release only in men. These results indicate that the effect of histamine on PRL and LH release in humans is linked to sex and H1 and H2 receptors and is not due to stress; further studies are required to clarify the possible mechanism and site of action of histamine in modifying PRL and LH release in humans. PMID- 7228997 TI - Gonadotropin therapy failure secondary to human chorionic gonadotropin-induced antibodies. AB - A 15-yr-old male with the diagnosis of Kallmann's syndrome manifested secondary gonadal resistance during a third treatment course of hCG. A serum sample obtained 6 months after failure of the patient to respond to hCG bound [125I]hCG 60% at a 1:2 dilution of serum; 50% at 1.5; 28% at 1:50; 21% at 1:100; and less than 5% at a 1:500 dilution. Serial sampling of the patient's serum over a 22 month period demonstrated a progressive decline in binding capacity, decreasing to 32% binding of [125I]hCG at a 1:2 dilution of serum. The data demonstrated that the patient produced a low affinity, high capacity binding substance with a Ka of 5 x 10(7) liters/M and a R0 of 1.8 x 10(16) sites/g gamma-globulin. The binding substance appeared to be a gamma-globulin of the immunoglobulin G class, which bound labeled hCG and human LH (hLH) more avidly than it bound hFSH and interfered with the biological response to hCG therapy. These data further indicated that antibodies produced against hCG may bind other endogenous glycoproteins such as hLH, hFSH, and hTSH. Although binding to hTSH did not occur in this patient, the presence of a common beta-chain in the molecular structures of hLH, hFSH, hCG, and TSH makes such a potential occurrence not implausible. Despite the apparent infrequency of the development of clinically observable interference with the biological activity of hLH/hCG in hCG-treated patients, this report indicates that a potential hazard exists. The possibility should be considered in the decision to treat a patient with normal gonadotropin secretion with exogenous gonadotropins. PMID- 7228999 TI - Characterization of the major forms of human calcitonin in tissue and serum. PMID- 7228998 TI - Oxytocin in human plasma: correlation with neurophysin and stimulation with estrogen. AB - RIA for the measurement of oxytocin in human plasma is described. Extraction of oxytocin from larger peptides in plasma used acetone precipitation with a 75% +/- 2 SEM recovery of oxytocin. Nonspecific binding of the assay was less than 4%, and the minimum level of detection was 0.2 microunits/tube. No cross-reactivity was noted with neurophysins, arginine, or lysine vasopressin. The mean basal level (+/- SEM) of oxytocin in men was 1.80 +/- 0.07 microunits/ml and was not different in normal women (1.71 +/- 0.07 microunits/ml). Changes in posture had no effect on the levels of oxytocin. Samples obtained every 15 min over 4 h showed no pulsatile secretion of oxytocin. In women chronically receiving estrogen as an oral contraceptive, oxytocin was greater than normal, (4.59 +/- 0.51 microunits/ml; P less than 0.01). Estrogen-stimulated neurophysin was also elevated (8.45 +/- 1.99 ng/ml; P less than 0.005). Acute ingestion of estrogen caused an increase in the level of oxytocin in plasma by 12 h and a concomitant elevation of estrogen-stimulated neurophysin. When the neurophysin was isolated from plasma obtained from a subject after ingestion of estrogen, the neurophysin from plasma comigrated on a polyacrylamide gel with a human pituitary standard of estrogen-stimulated neurophysin. In the studies in which neurophysin was elevated, the correlation between the level of oxytocin and the level of estrogen stimulated neurophysin in plasma was significant (P less than 0.01). The observation that estrogen administration stimulates the release of oxytocin and estrogen-stimulated neurophysin provides additional evidence that this neurophysin is the oxytocin-neurophysin of man. PMID- 7229001 TI - Estradiol and progesterone receptors in human breast fibroadenomas. AB - Estradiol and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) were studied in 46 breast fibroadenomas obtained at different periods of the menstrual cycle (n = 38) or from patients under combined estrogen-progestagen contraceptive (n = 4) or substitutive progestagen treatment for progesterone insufficiency (n = 4). Cytosolic and nuclear ER (ERc and ERn) increased throughout the follicular phase and were at their maximal level in the preovulatory phase. They decreased during the luteal phase. PR levels were high in the follicular phase, especially in the cytosol (PRc). PRc then decreased while nuclear progesterone receptor (PRn) increased at the beginning of the luteal phase. Thereafter, PRc and PRn decreased and remained low during the luteal phase. PRc and PRn levels in fibroadenomas from patients under estrogen-progestagen therapy were similar to those found during the luteal phase of untreated patients. In patients receiving a substitutive progestagen treatment to correct progesterone insufficiency, PRn was markedly higher than PRc. The existence of ER and PR in breast fibroadenomas and the variations in their levels during the menstrual cycle or under hormonal treatment provide valuable information on the hormone dependency of breast fibroadenoma. PMID- 7229000 TI - Iodocholesterol adrenal tissue uptake and imaging adrenal neoplasms. AB - To correlate iodocholesterol tissue uptake with the ability to visualize adrenal cortical neoplasms, eight female patients with adrenal carcinoma had adrenal scintiscans after the injection of 19-[131I]iodocholesterol. Patients with cortisol-secreting carcinomas failed to image either the tumor or uninvolved adrenal tissue. In contrast, patients with androgen-secreting carcinomas (which do not suppress pituitary ACTH secretion), although still failing to image the tumor, had visible concentration of the radionuclide in the ipsilateral and contralateral adrenal glands. Slices of these tissues obtained at either surgery or postmortem examination were analyzed for iodocholesterol uptake. Results were compared with adrenal tissue obtained from patients with either cortisol- or aldosterone-secreting adenomas and patients on dexamethasone suppression. There was a strong correlation between the adrenal tissue concentration of iodocholesterol and the ability to form an image on scintiscanning. The concentration of iodocholesterol in an adenoma and a carcinoma determined in this manner was compared with their cortisol secretion during in vitro incubation. The concentration of 19-[131I]iodocholesterol and the in vitro secretion of cortisol were greater in the adenoma than in the carcinoma and corresponded with adrenal imaging in the former and lack of imaging in the latter. These data provide a quantitative assessment of the differences in radioactivity concentration required for imaging of adrenal tumors. It also demonstrates that differences in the concentration of radioactivity within adrenal carcinomas and adenomas corresponds to their ability to release cortisol in vitro. PMID- 7229002 TI - Spurious overestimation of plasma cortisol in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Plasma cortisol concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure were measured by five different RIAs, four commercial methods, and an in-house method after paper chromatography. It was observed that cortisol concentrations of the same samples measured by the various methods did not agree. The difference was attributed to cross-reactivity of the antisera with steroids and glucuronide conjugates which circulate at high concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure. With two of the methods, values were higher in unextracted plasma (P less than 0.001) than after paper chromatography (in-house procedure). The values obtained with the other two methods were not significantly different from those obtained by the postpaper chromatography method for baseline and postdexamethasone samples. Plasma cortisol values after methyrapone administration were much higher when measured by any of the four commercial assays than after paper chromatography. A simple dichloromethane extraction improved the results from one of the methods. Laboratories are encouraged to assess carefully the behavior of cortisol antisera before using them in the assay of plasma cortisol concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7229003 TI - Enrichment culture coagglutination test for rapid, low-cost diagnosis of salmonellosis. AB - Specific diagnosis of salmonellosis by conventional culture and identification methods usually requires 2 to 4 days. Since Salmonella may be disseminated from infected individuals during this period, this amount of time required for diagnosis may be too slow to aid in epidemic control. To obtain earlier diagnoses of salmonellosis, a coagglutination test was used for rapid, simplified detection of Salmonella oranienburg antigens in enrichment broth cultures of fecal specimens from infants involved in a nursery outbreak. Two selective enrichment broths were used, selenite cystine and dulcitol selenite. These were compared in parallel for efficiency by subculture on deoxycholate lactose sucrose, MacConkey, xylose lysine deoxycholate, and tryptic soy lactose teepol agars. These overnight enrichment broth cultures of stool specimens were also examined by a coagglutination slide test with stabilized protein A-containing staphylococci sensitized with antisera for Salmonella antigens C1, E, and Vi. Of 113 diarrhea stool specimens tested, 86 were positive by conventional culture, 82 were positive by dulcitol selenite-coagglutination, and 55 were positive by selenite cystine-coagglutination. All these tests were negative on 50 stool specimens from infants in a noninfected nursery. Salmonellae were specifically detected in stool cultures within 20 h by the coagglutination technique. This early detection of Salmonella antigens provided a useful adjunct to culture for rapid diagnosis of salmonellosis. PMID- 7229004 TI - Cultural and biochemical characteristics of clinical isolates of unusual colistin resistant pseudomonads. AB - Biochemical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibilities of 12 strains of colistin-resistant pseudomonads isolated from clinical specimens are reported. The isolates were short, oxidase-positive, nonfluorescing, gram-negative rods that failed to grow on salmonella-shigella or cetrimide agars, to decarboxylate amino acids, and to reduce nitrates. Most strains peptonized litmus milk and grew at 42 degrees C. Glucose, lactose, maltose, xylose, and fructose were slowly oxidized, whereas sucrose was not. Two homogeneous species were found and tentatively listed as Pseudomonas sp. 1 and Pseudomonas sp. 2, and these were differentiated by gelatin and starch hydrolysis, oxidation of mannitol, and alkalinization of allantoin. The two species were shown to differ from the Center for Disease Control Va group biotype CDC Va-1 in both biochemical characteristics and susceptibility to the aminoglycosides. PMID- 7229005 TI - Determination of serum neutralization antibodies to rabies virus by a modified counterimmunoelectrophoresis test. AB - A modified counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE/SN) technique was developed as a diagnostic procedure for the detection of serum-neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus. CIE/SN test results with sera from individuals undergoing postexposure rabies immunization compared favorably with those obtained by the standard mouse neutralization test procedure. Fractionation of selected sera by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography demonstrated that serological activity involved in both procedures was present in the immunoglobulin G-containing fractions of the sera. The mean advantage of the CIE/SN over the standard mouse neutralization test consists in considerably reducing the time required for results, a factor which can be of clinical importance in evaluating antibody levels to rabies virus. In addition, the CIE/SN method is simple to perform and inexpensive. PMID- 7229006 TI - Automated detection of microbial growth in blood cultures by using stainless steel electrodes. AB - Sterile stainless-steel electrodes implanted in blood culture bottles and monitored electronically were used to detect growth of microorganisms. Each blood culture bottle contained 100 ml of medium and was inoculated with 10 ml of blood seeded with either 300 or 50 colony-forming units of one of several bacterial or yeast species that are commonly isolated from clinical blood cultures. Growth was indicated by a voltage change of at least 0.1 mV/min with an increasing slope over at least three consecutive 15-min intervals. This method was compared to the conventional visual method for detecting microbial growth in broth. Growth detection by both techniques was confirmed by subculture to solid media. Of the 163 cultures seeded with the high inoculum (300 colony-forming units) and confirmed as being positive, 148 (90.8%) were positive by the electronic detection system (EDS). At the lower inoculum (50 colony-forming units), 47 of 53 (88.7%) positive cultures were detected by EDS. Twelve of the 21 false-negatives by the EDS were cultures seeded with Cryptococcus neoformans. Excluding C. neoformans, the rate of detection of growth was 96.0%. Microbial growth was detected an average of 18 h earlier by EDS than by the conventional system in 176 (90.2%) of the cultures. Also examined were 156 patient blood cultures: 13 were positive both by EDS and by conventional methods. PMID- 7229007 TI - Frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography and the tryptophan color test for rapid diagnosis of tuberculous and other forms of lymphocytic meningitis. AB - A total of 260 samples of cerebrospinal fluid received from Egypt, the United States, Canada, and South America were examined by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography (FPEC-GLC) for tuberculous and other forms of lymphocytic meningitis. Thirty-four of the specimens were culture positive for M. tuberculosis, and four cerebrospinal fluid specimens of herpes meningitis were established by immunological techniques. The compound, 3-(2'-ketohexyl)-indoline, was found in about 60% of the Egyptian tuberculous specimens and none of the culture-positive American specimens. the carboxylic and hydroxy acid FPEC-GLC profiles were used effectively in conjunction with other clinical data to make the diagnosis even in the absence of 3-(2'-ketohexyl)indoline. Herpes meningitis and mixed infections of Myeobacterium tuberculosis-herpes, M. tuberculosis leptospira, and M. tuberculosis-Haemophilus influenzae produced profiles different from each other and from pure culture cases. The color test for tuberculous meningitis was evaluated, and free tryptophan was eliminated as the source of color reaction. Indications are that 3-(2'-ketohexyl)indoline, in most cases, is not responsible for the positive color reaction. Differences in the clinical and FPEC-GLC data obtained from samples from different geographical regions are discussed. PMID- 7229008 TI - Evaluation of methods to detect oxidase activity in the genus Pasteurella. AB - Several oxidase reagents and commercial products were evaluated as to their efficacy in detecting oxidase activity in species of the genus Pasteurella. Recommendations are made concerning the reagent of choice for determining oxidase activity in the genus Pasteurella. Recommendations are made also concerning the use of commercial products and their efficacy in detecting oxidase activity in this genus. PMID- 7229010 TI - Growth of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast phase in a chemically defined culture medium. AB - A slight modification of the chemically defined medium of McVeigh and Morton resulted in an excellent substratum for the cultivation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast phase. PMID- 7229009 TI - Isolation and immunobiological classification of Streptococcus sanguis from human tooth surfaces. AB - A total of 113 pure cultures of Streptococcus sanguis were obtained from dental plaque samples of 64 subjects. All isolates synthesized glucan from sucrose, elaborated peroxide, and were alpha-hemolytic. Two biotypes and four serotypes were differentiated within the species. Biotype A (95 isolates) fermented salicin and inulin and hydrolyzed arginine and esculin, whereas biotype B (18 isolates) did not possess these activities. The isolates were serotyped with autoclaved extracts against whole-cell antiserum to strains ATCC 10556 or ST3 (serotype I), ATCC 10557 (serotype II), ATCC 10558 (serotype III), and ST7 (serotype IV), by the capillary precipitin test. Serotypes I, II, III, and IV were found to consist of 24, 16, 37, and 15 isolates. Type IV was demonstrated anew in this study. The remaining 21 isolates were not typed because of either multiple reactions or nonreactivity against the standardized typing sera. All isolates of serotype II belonged to biotype B, which resembles Streptococcus mitior physiologically. Five isolates representing four serotypes and an untypable strain were examined for their cariogenicity against specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats fed high sucrose diet no. 2000. Organisms of each isolate were established in the mouths of the rats, but only three isolates induced weak caries that were restricted to pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces of the teeth. PMID- 7229011 TI - Pancreatic abscess associated with Achromobacter group Vd biovar 1. AB - A case of pancreatic abscess associated with Achromobacter biovar 1 in a 75-year old man with multiple predisposing debilitating conditions is presented. The infection responded to antibiotic therapy, but the patient died from unrelated causes. PMID- 7229012 TI - Production of p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid from tyrosine by Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. AB - Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was found to metabolize tyrosine to p hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid [3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid]. This acid was detected in spent growth media by gas-liquid chromatography, and its identity was confirmed by mass spectrometry. PMID- 7229013 TI - Improved method for cholera diagnosis. AB - The use of the oxidase test is proposed to discover sparse colonies of cholera vibrios on a plate of Pril nutrient agar seeded directly with the suspected stool sample or after enrichment. This method also enables the detection of other oxidase-positive potential pathogens, such as non-agglutinating vibrios, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas spp., and other nonfermentative organisms. PMID- 7229014 TI - Comparison of clinical results for the use of ethyl acetate and diethyl ether in the formalin-ether sedimentation technique performed on polyvinyl alcohol preserved specimens. AB - One hundred fecal specimens preserved in polyvinyl alcohol fixative were examined by the Formalin-ether sedimentation technique with ethyl acetate substituted for diethyl ether. Technical performance of the procedures, appearance and amount of sediment obtained, and organism morphology were comparable. Also, ethyl acetate is less flammable and, therefore, less dangerous to use than diethyl ether. Results of parasite recovery when diethyl ether or ethyl acetate was used revealed few clinical relevant differences, most of which could also have been attributed to other variables inherent in this type of diagnostic testing. PMID- 7229015 TI - Isolation of Legionella spp. from environmental water samples by low-pH treatment and use of a selective medium. AB - A selective medium was developed and used successfully to isolate Legionella pneumophila and Legionella-like organisms from environmental specimens previously positive by animal inoculation methods. This medium consists of charcoal-yeast extract agar to which have been added cephalothin (4 micrograms/ml), colistin (16 micrograms/ml), vancomycin (0.5 microgram/ml), and cycloheximide (80 micrograms/ml). Pretreating of the environmental water samples with an acid buffer (pH 2.2), followed by plating on the selective medium, improved the rate of recovery of both Legionella and Legionella-like organisms relative to that with direct plating on selective media. PMID- 7229016 TI - Alternative ways of estimating serological titer reproducibility. AB - A quantitative measure of the reproducibility of serum antibody titers has recently been proposed (R. J. Wood and T. M. Durham, J. Clin. Microbiol. 11: 541 545, 1980). The measure advocated is "the probability that the maximum ratio of two distinct (integer) titers (obtained in the blind) on the same specimen will not exceed 2." This measure of the reproducibility of serological titers is considered to be a fixed probability for any given specimen and set of test conditions. Although it is a fixed constant during the time period of a study, there are alternative methods one might use to compute an estimate of it, using laboratory data. Four such methods of estimating test reproducibility are discussed and evaluated. The estimates obtained from the two principle methods are evaluated quantitatively by means of Monte Carlo computer simulation. The simulation results show that, from a given sample of replicate integer titers, these two principal methods yield estimates that are highly correlated. In addition, with moderate numbers of replicates (sample size) these methods provide estimates that are on the average properly directed at the true reproducibility values (that is, are essentially, unbiased), particularly when the true reproducibility of the test is at least 0.9. The reliability, or stability, of the alternative estimates is studied for selected sample size. PMID- 7229017 TI - Pseudomonas pickettii bacteremia. AB - A case of bacteremia caused by Pseudomonas pickettii is reported. This represents the first case of infection due to this species. PMID- 7229018 TI - Production of deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, coagulase, and hemolysins by anaerobic gram-positive cocci. AB - Clinical isolates of Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus species and Streptococcus intermedius strains were obtained from local hospitals. After confirmed identification, each isolate was tested for the in vitro production of deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, coagulase, and hemolysins. Of the 60 strains studied, 18 had enzymatic activity. The variability of enzyme production suggests that such assays are not suitable as an aid to identification of these organisms. PMID- 7229019 TI - Thermophilic sporeforming bacilli that mimic fastidious growth characteristics and colonial morphology of legionella. AB - Gram-negative bacilli resembling legionellae were isolated from contaminated culture media. These bacilli are distinguishable from legionellae by their thermophilic characteristic. PMID- 7229020 TI - Stereochemical aspects of the interaction of myosin and actomyosin with nucleotides. AB - The five possible analogues of ATP and the three possible analogues of ADP which contain single non-bridging sulphur atoms instead of oxygen in the polyphosphate structure have been used as probes of the interaction of nucleotides with myosin and actomyosin. Evidence is presented for the requirement of an alpha, beta, gamma-tridentate complex of magnesium and ATP as the substrate for myosin. Of the four possible tridentate MgATP diastereomers, the delta exo isomer (nomenclature of Cornelius & Cleland, 1978) appears to be the actual substrate. PMID- 7229021 TI - Filament formation in smooth muscle homogenates. AB - To provide more detailed information on the aggregation properties of smooth muscle myosin, we have extended earlier work on the formation of thick filaments when homogenates of guinea-pig taenia coli and chicken gizzard muscle are diluted. In both preparations there is a slow and a fast phase of filament formation. The slow phase, which generally develops over several hours, appears to depend primarily on the ATP concentration while the rapid phase, which develops over 5-15 min, is influenced by the extent of dilution, homogenization conditions, divalent cation concentration, ATP concentration and presence of chicken gizzard tropomyosin. Many of these effects on the rapid phase can be explained by postulating that filament formation only takes place when the ATP concentration is reduced. There are significant differences between the filament populations formed from each muscle, with those from taenia coli being shorter than those from gizzard. Two types of filament are present in preparations from each muscle, the first being characterized by the presence of a central bare zone and cross striations at both ends, whilst the second have cross striations along their entire length; the periodicity of the cross striations appears to be 14.5 nm. The bare zone filaments have an average length and width of 325 nm and 17.6 nm respectively, while the corresponding values for the cross striated filaments is 3 : 1 for taenia coli and 1 : 3 for chicken gizzard, which accounts for the difference in average filament length observed between these preparations. The gizzard filaments appear to form more readily than those of taenia coli. PMID- 7229022 TI - Transient flagellar waveforms during intermittent swimming in sea urchin sperm. I. Wave parameters. AB - Flagellar waveforms have been studied during the stopping and starting transients of light-induced, Ca2+-mediated, intermittent swimming of live sperm of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. Tracings of successive frames of movie film made at about 200 frames s-1 were used to determine the bend propagation velocity, beat frequency, and bend angles during three stopping and four starting transients chosen as representative of the range of variation among sperm in the preparations. A stopping transient begins with a transitional stage in which the asymmetry of the bending waves increases steadily over 2-6 beat cycles (40-120 ms), with the angles of successive fully developed principal bends increasing and those of reverse bends decreasing. This is followed by a blocked stage, lasting one beat cycle (20 ms), in which a principal bend becomes arrested and then decays in the mid-region of the flagellum. The next principal bend forms but remains unpropagated at the base, apparently because no following reverse bend is initiated, and the flagellum becomes quiescent. Quiescent flagella have a characteristic, highly asymmetric waveform consisting of a sharp principal bend of about 3.2 rad at the basal end, a nearly straight mid-region and a gentle principal bend of about 0.4 rad near the tip. After a quiescent period of 0.2-2 s, motility is resumed with the initiation of a new reverse bend at the base. This bend and the proximal principal bend remaining from quiescence begin to propagate but they decay before passing more than halfway along the flagellum. In this blocked stage of the starting transient, which lasts 1-15 beat cycles (20 300 ms), successive principal and reverse bends are propagated progressively further along the flagellum but they decay before reaching the tip and the asymmetry remains at the high value characteristic of quiescence. The first propagation of a principal bend to the tip marks the beginning of the transitional stage of the transient, during which the asymmetry of the bending waves gradually decreases until after 2-5 beat cycles (40-100 ms) it reaches the value characteristic of steady-state beating. In both stopping and starting flagella the beat frequency and the mean of the principal and reverse bend angles remain constant throughout the transient (except for the beat cycle immediately pre- or post-quiescence), indicating that they are regulated by mechanisms almost completely independent of that regulating wave symmetry. The bend propagation velocity remains constant during stopping transients but it is diminished during the blocked stage of starting transients, indicating that the bend velocity, and hence the wavelength, can be altered by changes in the internal resistance to bend propagation. PMID- 7229023 TI - Activation of skinned arthropod muscle fibres by Ca2+ and Sr2+. AB - Mechanically skinned skeletal muscle fibres of three crustaceans (barnacle, crayfish and crab) and two insects (cockroach and cricket) were activated in Ca2+ and Sr2+-buffered solutions of different concentrations and the isometric force response was determined. The maximum force response induced by Sr2+ (P0Sr) was only 0-10% of that induced by Ca2+ (P0Ca) in all crustacean muscles, but approached 90% in insects. Experiments on barnacle muscle fibres activated simultaneously by Ca2+ and Sr2+ suggested that Sr2+ competes with Ca2+ for binding onto the regulatory sites without, however, being able to turn all of them 'on' as efficiently as Ca2+. Interestingly, the ratio P0Sr/P0Ca and the sensitivity for both Sr2+ and Ca2+ increased substantially after 4-6 h following the dissection of the animals in most intact decapod muscle fibres and after 24 h in most barnacle muscle fibres. The steepness of the activation curves for both Ca2+ and Sr2+ was similar for each muscle regardless of the age of the fibre and implied that more than 2 Ca2+ (2 Sr2+) were involved in the activation process of each muscle. A Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mechanism of physiological importance was found to operate in all arthropod muscle fibres investigated. PMID- 7229024 TI - Z disc expansion during supercontraction: a passive mechanism? AB - The hypothesis of active Z disc expansion during supercontraction is re-examined using larval blowfly body-wall muscles. The previous results on glycerinated supercontracting fibres are confirmed. However, further observations on whole fibres stimulated to contract artifically and on skinned muscle fibres, as well as certain theoretical considerations, have led to the postulation of a passive mechanism. This mechanism is dependent upon mechanical continuity of the Z discs across the fibre. PMID- 7229025 TI - Small amplitude non-linearities in the mechanical response of an asynchronous flight muscle. AB - Sinusoidal length deformations were applied to bundles of one to three fibers from glycerol-extracted Lethocerus flight muscle under conditions of high calcium activation (pCa = 6) and in the absence of phosphate. The mechanical response was found to be significantly non-linear under these conditions for amplitudes of the order of 0.05% and greater. The non-linearity was analysed into harmonic components by Fourier analysis, data for this being collected and stored in a computer. The largest harmonic components were found to be the first and second; these components were particularly prominent at frequencies close to those producing maximum phase shift between length and fundamental tension amplitude. At very low amplitudes (less than 0.02%) the non-linearities became very small and could not be readily detected. At this very low amplitude the fundamental could be considered as the linear response to the length change; it had a much sharper frequency dependence than previously recorded from Lethocerus flight muscle. The variation of the response with imposed conditions has been studied. PMID- 7229026 TI - Foetal myosin light chain in human ventricle. AB - Myosin light chain subunits from adult human atria and ventricle were characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Atrial (ALC-1 and ALC-2) differed from ventricular (VLC-1 and VLC-2) light chains. Foetal (18--21 week) ventricle contained VLC-1 plus a foetal light chain (FLC-1) which could not be distinguished from adult ALC-1. Myosin FLC-1 was gradually lost from the ventricle and replaced by VLC-1 during foetal development and in the immediate postnatal period. PMID- 7229027 TI - Tryptic digestion of spectrin in variants of hereditary elliptocytosis. AB - Spectrin, either in the form of unfractionated low ionic strength extracts of erythrocyte membranes or purified by chromatography on Sepharose (CL)4B, was subjected to tryptic digestion at 0 degrees C. Four patients, each with a different variant of hereditary elliptocytosis, were studied. In one patient, whose erythrocytes showed significant fragmentation on heating on 45 degrees C, such preparations generated a remarkably different pattern of polypeptide fragments on tryptic digestion at low ionic strength. In this patient 32P was released at a slower rate on tryptic digestion of labeled band 2, and an unusual 32P-labeled peptide fragment was also generated, in contrast to control preparations in which such a peptide could not be easily distinguished. There was increased susceptibility of this patient's spectrin to tryptic digestion at physiological ionic strength, but the qualitative pattern of polypeptide fragments was normal. Phosphorylation of spectrin by membrane protein kinase was markedly impaired in this patient, whereas phosphorylation of casein ws unimpaired. However, the phosphorylation of spectrin in her intact erythrocytes was normal. Our findings suggest an abnormality of spectrin structure which we postulate is causally related to the predisposition to hemolysis in this patient, but do not distinguish whether this is a primary abnormality or a post translational modification of the spectrin molecule. The other three patients showed normal tryptic digestion of spectrin. PMID- 7229030 TI - Comparison of radionuclide and contrast ventriculography for detection and quantitation of regions of myocardial ischemia in dogs. AB - Radionuclide and contrast ventriculography were evaluated for their ability to estimate myocardial ischemia. In 14 closed-chest, sedated dogs, a small and larger region of ischemia were produced by inflating balloon occluders on the left anterior descending coronary artery. The systemic arterial pressure, atrial paced heart rate, global ejection fraction by radionuclide and contrast ventriculography, regional wall-motion abnormalities (as the percentage of abnormally contracting segments), and regional myocardial blood flow (using the microsphere technique) were measured during an initial control period, two separate ischemic periods, and a final control period. The regional ischemic weights based on myocardial blood flow ranged from 0 to 38.5 g and were grouped as zero, small (range 0 to less than 10 g, mean 3.40 g), and large regions of ischemia (greater than 10 g, mean 24.8 g). Regional wall-motion abnormalities were sensitive qualitative indicators of ischemia. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that both ventriculographic methods were highly sensitive, specific, and accurate for detecting regional ischemia. Contrast ventriculography was slightly superior for detecting small regions less than 4 g, but the methods were equal for regions greater than 4 g. The arterial pressure and heart rate were unchanged during ischemia. For small regions of ischemia, the global ejection fraction did not fall using either the contrast or radionuclide technique, but it fell significantly when large regions were produced. There was a quantitative relationship between the percentage of abnormally contracting segments and the grams of myocardial ischemia (for radionuclide ventriculography, r = 0.65, P = 0.003, and for contrast ventriculography, r = 0.75, P less than 0.001), but for many small regions of ischemia, wall-motion changes were greater than anticipated, suggesting hypofunction of the continguous normal tissue. This study demonstrated that both radionuclide and contrast ventriculography were quite sensitive and specific for detecting measured amounts of regional ischemia. The functional changes resulting from ischemia are quantitatively related to the extent of regional ischemia, small areas resulting in regional wall motion abnormalities, and large areas producing both reduced global ejection fraction and wall motion changes. PMID- 7229028 TI - Effect of parathyroid hormone on erythropoiesis. AB - Inhibitors of erythropoiesis have been found in the blood of uremic patients but their nature has not been identified. These patients have excess blood levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and it is possible that PTH inhibits erythropoiesis. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of intact PTH molecules and some of its fragments on human peripheral blood and mouse bone marrow burst forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), on mouse bone marrow erythroid colony-forming unit (CFU-E), and granulocyte macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM), and evaluate the interaction between PTH and erythropoietin (Ep) on human BFU-E. Intact PTH (1-84 bPTH) in concentrations (7.5-30 U/ml;) comparable to those found in blood of uremic patients produced marked and significant (P less than 0.01) inhibition of BFU-E and mouse marrow GFU-GM, but not of mouse marrow CFU-E. Inactivation of 1 84 bPTH abolished its action on erythropoiesis. Increasing the concentration of Ep in the media from 0.67 to 1.9 U/ml overcame the inhibitory effect of 1-84 bPTH on BFU-E. The N-terminal fragment of PTH (1-34 bPTH) and 53-84 hPTH had no effect on BFU-E. The results demonstrate that (a) either the intact PTH molecule or a C terminal fragment(s) bigger than 53-84 moiety exerts the inhibitory effect on erythropoiesis, and (b) adequate amounts of Ep can overcome this action of PTH. The data provide one possible pathway for the participation of excess PTH in the genesis of the anemia of uremia. PMID- 7229031 TI - Reversal of hemodialysis granulocytopenia and pulmonary leukostasis: A clinical manifestation of selective down-regulation of granulocyte responses to C5adesarg. AB - The transient granulocytopenia of hemodialysis results indirectly from plasma complement activation by dialyzer cellophane membranes. The C5a(desarg) so produced can induce reversible granulocyte aggregation in vitro and in vivo, and we hypothesized that the pulmonary leukostasis responsible for the granulocytopenia results from embolization of aggregates formed under the influence of C5a(desarg) produced in the dialyzer. These studies were designed to measure C5a(desarg) generation during dialysis by granulocyte aggregometry and to determine the reason for the transience of the leukostasis. C5a(desarg) generation was equally evident throughout dialysis, persisting well after granulocytopenia had reversed, and dialyzer-induced complement activation was insufficient to produce significant depletion of plasma complement titers. That granulocyte deactivation might be responsible for the transience was suggested by the absence of the usual granulocytopenia in a patient with uniquely high levels of C5a(desarg) in his predialysis plasma. Granulocytes drawn from seven stable uremic patients after granulocytopenia had reversed exhibited a dose-related, selective and irreversible refractoriness to stimulation with C5a(desarg), but their responses to n-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe remained normal. Identical deactivation was produced in normal cells by short- or long-term exposure of C5a(desarg) in vitro. These studies suggest that C5a(desarg) is indeed generated by the dialyzer throughout hemodialysis and that the transience of the leukostasis and granulocytopenia is due to selective down-regulation of cellular responses to C5a(desarg)-a phenomenon that hitherto has been described only in vitro and that may be important in limiting the deleterious effects of adherent granulocytes on the endothelium in patients with intravascular complement activation. PMID- 7229029 TI - Some aspects of the pathophysiology of homozygous Hb CC erythrocytes. AB - We have studied erythrocytes from homozygous CC patients in vitro and in perfused rat mesoappendix vasculature to answer some long-standing questions. By examination of wet whole blood preparations, and by comparing the cell distribution on isopycnic continuous density gradients of whole blood samples from a splenectomized CC patient with those from three intact CC patients, we have demonstrated the presence of a distinct crystal-containing band of cells that is present in the former, but totally absent from the latter. We conclude that Hb CC cells containing crystals circulate in Hb CC individuals, but in intact patients they are effectively removed by the spleen. By use of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and viscosity measurements on cells, we have demonstrated that intracellular aggregation of hemoglobin C occurs on deoxygenation even when no crystal formation is detectable by morphological methods. These two observations are in apparent contradiction with the absence of clinical microcirculatory impairment found in both intact and splenectomized CC patients. The contradiction was resolved by rheological studies on isolated rat mesoappendix preparations and erythrocyte diameter measurements that lead to the conclusion that the hemorheological properties of CC cells in the microcirculation are nearly normal because their increased viscosity is offset by their smaller diameter and size. PMID- 7229032 TI - Cyclophosphamide treatment expands the circulating hematopoietic stem cell pool in dogs. AB - Increased numbers of circulating granulocyte-monocyte precursor cells (CFUc) have been observed in the peripheral blood of man after antineoplastic chemotherapy. We have developed a canine model to study the biologic significance of this phenomenon for hematopoietic reconstitution following hematopoietically lethal exposure to total body irradiation (TBI). After cyclophosphamide administration, a 16-fold expansion of circulating CFUc numbers was observed during the period of rapid leukocyte recovery that occurred after the chemotherapy-induced leukocyte nadir. We had previously noted this association between leukocyte recovery and CFUc expansion in our human studies. After 900 rad TBI hematopoietic reconstitution was attempted with autologous, cryopreserved collections of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained either at times of post cyclophosphamide CFUc expansion (group A, 14 dogs) or without CFUc expansion (group B, 12 dogs). Asd compared to group B collections, group A collections contained 11-fold more CFUc and were 12.5-fold more potent in fostering hematopoietic recovery after TBI. These results suggest that the expansion of CFUc numbers we observed was accompanied by a similar expansion of more primitive hematopoietic stem cell numbers. We conclude that chemotherapy-induced expansion of circulating CFUc numbers appears to be of substantial import in effecting hematopoietic reconstitution--an observation that may be of significance for further studies of autologous hematopoietic reconstitution in man. PMID- 7229033 TI - Increase of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity with weight loss. AB - Obese subjects have elevated adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity per fat cell when compared with lean control subjects. This enzyme, which is rate limiting for the uptake and storage of lipoprotein triglyceride in adipose tissue, has been shown to be further elevated in a group of previously obese subjects who had been weight stable at a reduced weight for 4-28 mo. In the present prospective study of eight obese subjects, adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was demonstrated to increase after weight stabilization at a reduced weight (0.33 mU/10(6) cells). In three subjects who lost weight and subsequently regained their lost weight, the enzyme activity increased after weight loss and then returned toward the original basal level with weight gain. One subject who maintained his weight loss for 10 mo. continued to have an elevated level of enzyme activity. Because adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity does not "normalize" after weight loss, we hypothesize that this enzyme may play a counterregulatory role in resisting deviation from a "set point" for fat mass or fat cell size and thereby predispose to reattainment of the original obese state. PMID- 7229034 TI - Analysis of the glycoprotein and protein composition of Bernard-Soulier platelets by single and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Previous reports have described conflicting results concerning the glycoprotein (GP) and protein composition of Bernard-Soulier platelets. In view of this controversy we have analyzed the platelets of four Bernard-Soulier patients using improved single and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis procedures. An absence of staining for carbohydrate of membrane GP Ib was characteristic for the platelets of each patient. Major periodate-Schiff staining bands corresponding to membrane GP IIb, IIIa, and IIIb were clearly detected and their presence was confirmed by two-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein content of the Bernard-Soulier platelets was increased two- to fourfold. However, analysis of their protein composition using 7-12% acrylamide gradient gels showed normal polypeptide profiles. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed 125I-labeling of the Bernard-Soulier platelet surface proteins was followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. No labeling in the Ib position was detected whereas the other major membrane GP, including Ia and IIa, were normally located. In contrast, GP Ib was clearly detected by periodate-Schiff staining and autoradiography when normal human platelets that had been exhaustively treated with neuraminidase before the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination were analysed. No abnormalities were detected in the GP patterns of membranes isolated from the patients' erythrocytes. Only a severe molecular abnormality or possible deletion of GP Ib could account for this major platelet lesion in the Bernard-Soulier syndrome. PMID- 7229036 TI - Albumin helps mediate removal of taurocholate by rat liver. AB - Perfused rat liver removes 97% of the taurocholate from the afferent circulation when the perfusate albumin concentration is 0.5 g/dl. Increasing the albumin concentration 10-fold reduces the concentration of free taurocholate by a factor of five but produces only a 50% reduction in the apparent uptake coefficient. A similar discrepancy is evident from a model-independent analysis of the extraction fractions. From these observations we argue that uptake is not driven solely, or even predominantly, by the plasma concentration of free taurocholate but also depends on interaction between albumin and the cell surface. Nonequilibrium binding, saturation kinetics, and an inhomogeneous population of liver cells are considered as alternative explanations and excluded. The possibility that albumin exerts its effect by enhancing the diffusion of taurocholate across an unstirred layer in the Disse space appears improbable but cannot be eliminated. PMID- 7229035 TI - Normotriglyceridemic abetalipoproteinemia. absence of the B-100 apolipoprotein. AB - In the two genetic forms of abetalipoproteinemia described previously, recessive abetalipoproteinemia and homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia, all lipoproteins that normally contain apolipoprotein B are absent from plasma. We describe here a new disorder in which normal low density and very low density lipoproteins are absent, but in which triglycerides are absorbed from the intestine and chylomicrons are present in plasma. The underlying molecular defect appears to be selective deletion of the hepatogenous B-100 apolipoprotein. The B-48 apolipoprotein found in chylomicrons is spared. These findings suggest that the two species of apolipoprotein B are under separate genetic control and that low density lipoproteins are not normally derived from chylomicrons. PMID- 7229037 TI - Effects of ML-236b (compactin) on sterol synthesis and low density lipoprotein receptor activities in fibroblasts of patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - We studied biochemical genetics of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mutations in fibroblasts from six homozygous and five heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Three of six homozygotes are receptor negative type and the other three homozygotes are receptor-defective type. In the cells from three receptor-negative homozygotes, the receptor binding, internalization, and degradation of (125)I-LDL were 0.5+/-0.3 ng/mg protein (mean+/-SEM), 14+/-8 and 8+/-6 ng/mg protein per 6 h (four normal cells; 44+/-3, 386+/-32, and 1,335+/-214 ng/mg protein per 6 h), respectively. In the cells from three receptor-defective homozygotes, the receptor binding, internalization, and degradation of (125)I-LDL were 6+/-2, 29+/-8, and 90+/-32 ng/mg protein per 6 h, respectively. In these six homozygotes, two pairs of siblings are included. Two siblings in the same family were classified as receptor-negative and two siblings in another family were classified as receptor-defective. The receptor-negative phenotypes and the receptor-defective phenotypes bred true in individual families. The cells from five heterozygotes showed approximately 46% of the normal activities of receptor.ML-236B, competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), completely inhibited the incorporation of [(14)C]acetate into digitonin-precipitable sterols in fibroblasts from normal subjects and heterozygous and homozygous patients with FH with the concentration of 0.5 mug/ml. However, at 0.05 mug/ml of ML-236B sterol synthesis in fibroblasts from homozygotes was not completely suppressed in contrast to normal and heterozygous cells. Moreover, after preincubation with 0.05 mug/ml of ML-236B for 24 h in medium containing lipoproteins, sterol synthesis in the cells from receptor-negative homozygote showed 75% of the initial activity compared with that of 25% without preincubation. In the cells from a normal subject and a heterozygote, sterol synthesis was inhibited even after preincubation. These results suggest that (a) the inhibitory effect of ML 236B is overcome in homozygote cells by their high intracellular levels of HMG CoA reductase and (b) that a higher dose of ML-236B may be required to lower serum cholesterol levels in FH homozygotes than in heterozygotes. PMID- 7229039 TI - A cytochemical section-bioassay for thyrotropin. AB - A cytochemical section-bioassay of thyrotropin has been developed which retains the sensitivity of the earlier segment-assay (10(-4) microunits/ml) and allows a considerable increase in the rate at which these within-animal bioassays can be done. The index of precision (n=23) was 0.11 +/- 0.06; intra-assay variation was 1.3%; inter-assay variation was 10.9 +/- 6%. Fiducial limits (p = 0.95) ranged from 65-150% to 78-127%. The system is also capable of detecting thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins. PMID- 7229038 TI - Phagocytosing human neutrophils inactivate their own granular enzymes. AB - During phagocytosis, neutrophils generate reactive oxygen metabolites and release lysosomal enzymes into the extracellular medium. We have investigated the possibility that these enzyme are inactivated by the oxygen compounds. Phagocytosing neutrophils from 12 patients with chronic granulomatous disease, which do not generate these oxygen metabolites, released two to three times more activity of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase than did normal neutrophils. This difference proved to be due to a decrease of approximately 20% of the total activity of these enzymes in normal neutrophils, but not in neutrophils of patients with chronic granulomatous disease. This inactivation of enzymes took place during phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan particles as well as during stimulation of normal cells with phorbol myristate acetate. The inactivation was not due to formation of inhibitors. The lysosomal enzymes were not activated when the neutrophils were stimulated under anaerobic conditions. Addition of catalase, superoxide dismutase, or albumin gave no protection against the oxidative damage; reduced glutathione gave partial protection. The oxidative inactivation was more pronounced in the presence of azide. Measurement of the activity and the amount of protein of acid alpha-glucosidase in the cells showed that the specific activity of this enzyme decreased by approximately 50% during 30 min of phagocytosis. This indicates that the inactivation of the lysosomal enzymes takes place in the phagolysosomes, before the enzymes have leaked into the extracellular medium. PMID- 7229040 TI - The communication of ELISA data from laboratory to clinician. AB - The data generated by quantitative enzyme-immunoassay of antibody activity are unsuitable for direct communication from the laboratory to clinician. In this paper, the fundamental problems of reporting ELISA results are highlighted and a list of desirable characteristics is set out for such reports. The available methods for processing ELISA data are reviewed in relation to these ideal requirements and the deficiencies and advantages of each method are discussed. The performance of each method is demonstrated by the use of actual test data from a model ELISA system. No single method has been found which satisfies all criteria. PMID- 7229041 TI - "Custom" synthesis of radioligands for RIA through activated esters. I. Testosterone. AB - The current method labeling small molecules for radioimmunoassay by coupling iodohistamine to haptens through a mixed anhydride reaction is unacceptable to clinical laboratories. Therefore, we propose the use of a simple two-step procedure: treatment of 125I-2-iodohistamine with the activated ester of a small molecule followed by thin layer chromatography to remove unlabeled ligand. Only one radioactive substance, 125I-2-iodohistamine, need be stocked, and the availability of labeled ligands is limited only by the number of nonradioactive activated esters. This principle is illustrated by the use of testosterone. N Hydroxysuccinimidyl esters of testosterone hemisuccinate and of testosterone-3 carboxymethyloxime were coupled to 2-iodohistamine, 125I-2-iodohistamine or to 125I-2,5-diiodohistamine. Optimum conditions required reaction of 20-50 fold molar excess of ester in 75 microL of tetrahydrofuran with iodohistamine in 75 microL of buffer at pH 8.5 for 30 min at 4 degrees. The reaction mixture was applied directly to a pre-absorbent TLC plate coated with silica gel and run in the system, benzene:ethanol:acetic acid, 75:24:1 (v:v:v). The desired radioligand was eluted in 85% yield. PMID- 7229042 TI - Radioimmunoassay data processing with a small programmable calculator. AB - We have developed three programs for data processing for radioimmunoassays RIA implemented on a small, inexpensive, programmable calculator (Texas Instrument Co., Model 59): 1) The first program performs a weighted logit-log regression for analysis of the RIA standard curve, and provides several descriptive statistics: slope, intercept, ED50 (and their corresponding standard errors), residual variance, and correlation coefficient. This program also provides: dose interpolation for unknowns; an estimate of the precision (percent coefficient of variation) for each result; corrections for variable sample volumes or recoveries; and the mean and standard error of the mean for samples analyzed in replicate. 2) The second program uses the "four parameter logistic model" to describe the dose responses curve and perform dose interpolation. This is the equivalent to the use of the logit-log method, with provision for adjustment for the position of the 0% and 100% response. As such, it is more flexible and versatile than the logit-log method. 3) A third program is used for routine Within-Lab Quality Control: it calculates within-assay and between-assay precision, utilizing an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a components of variance estimation. These programs incorporate the most important features of programs previously developed in this laboratory for an IBM 370 or a DECsystem-10 computer, and demonstrate the availability of adequate statistical analyses to laboratories without access to large centralized computer facilities. PMID- 7229043 TI - Comparison of glucose oxidase and peroxidase as labels for antibody in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Horse-radish peroxidase and glucose oxidase were each separately conjugated to identical aliquots of goat IgG containing anti-human IgG antibodies. We used a minor modification of the periodate method of Nakane and Kawaoi to covalently bind each enzyme to IgG. Glucose oxidase conjugates proved superior to peroxidase conjugates based on the following qualities. The glucose oxidase conjugates had 1) usable dilutions 2 to 10 times greater than peroxidase conjugates, 2) much lower background or control non-specific activities, and 3) nearly twice the sensitivity as expressed by absorbance change vs. change in antigen. Comparison of the antibody titers showed the glucose oxidase conjugate with 80% and the peroxidase conjugate with 20% of the original goat antibody. PMID- 7229044 TI - Human parathyroid hormone: antibody characterization. AB - PTH antibodies were raised in two sheep (S 469 and S 478) by immunizing with porcine and bovine parathyroid extracts. Both antisera were characterized with various PTH preparations and fragments. Both antisera cross react with human, bovine and porcine PTH, one antiserum also binds rat PTH. Region specificity could be attributed to the mid region of the PTH molecule with particularly high affinities of both antisera for the fragment 44-68 hPTH. S 478 has similarly high affinity for intact hormone (affinity constants 0.6 x 10(13) l/mol), while S 469 has much higher affinity for the 44-68 fragment (affinity constant 0.84 x 10(13) l/mol) than for intact hormone. The antibodies are useful not only for clinical radioimmunoassay, but also for experimental work. They have been distributed to many laboratories. PMID- 7229045 TI - Radioimmunoassay for dog myoglobin. AB - A radioimmunoassay specific for dog myoglobin (MGB) has been developed. Antibody (Ab) to purified dog heart MGB was prepared in rabbits and the Ab was labelled with 125I using the chloramine-T procedure. The assay is conducted at room temperature with addition of second Ab at 24 hr, the forward reaction being 95% complete at this point and irreversible. The assay is free of matrix affects. The working range is 20 to 360 ng/ml. Coefficients of variation for within run replicates are 10.5% (low) and 4.4% (high), and for between run replicates are 13.8% (low) and 7.6% (high). Serial measurement of serum MGB in dogs undergoing experimental myocardial infarction indicates that appearance time, peak time, and disappearance rate are respectively, 1.1 hr, 7.7 hr and 0.0025 min-1 for MGB and 2.6 hr, 13.35 hr, and 0.0018 min-1 for CK. PMID- 7229046 TI - An homologous and sensitive radioimmunoassay for the synthetic amino-terminal (1 34) fragment of human parathyroid hormone: application to the clearance of this peptide administered in vivo. AB - The synthetic 1-34 amino-terminal fragment of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH 1 34) is undergoing multicentre clinical trials to assess its long term therapeutic potential in the treatment of osteoporosis. An homologous radioimmunoassay (reagents prepared from the synthetic hPTH 1-34 peptide) has been developed to monitor the pharmacokinetics of hPTH 1-34 in man and in a dog model. The assay is rugged, sensitive (detection limit 1.75 x 10(-11) moles/litre) and precise (coefficient of variation 6%). Three different ampouled preparations of the native intact hPTH 1-84, of different degrees of purity (approximately 3%-90% pure) gave complete log dose response curves parallel to that of the ampouled synthetic hPTH 1-34 peptide, and were equipotent on a molar basis. Native intact bovine PTH 1-84 showed an incomplete non-parallel displacement curve; there was no recognition of synthetic hPTH 44-68 and 53-84 peptides. Preliminary application of the assay to the determination of the plasma disappearance of hPTH 1-34 in man and dog gave half-times (t1/2) of 3-8 minutes for a first exponential component and 12-18 minutes for the second; in the dog, metabolic clearance rate was calculated to be 9ml/kg/minute and the distribution space 160ml/kg. PMID- 7229047 TI - A heterogeneous fluorescence immunoassay for gentamicin using a second antibody separation. AB - A heterogeneous fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) for gentamicin was developed using a second antibody separation. The separation of bound from free fluorescence label, removes a number of endogeneous fluorescent interferences. Correlation with a standard radioimmunoassay (RIA) for gentamicin was acceptable (r = 0.91). We conclude that a heterogeneous FIA is a precise, accurate, and convenient alternative to monitoring antibiotic levels. PMID- 7229048 TI - Focal left temporal lobe lesions and delayed speech acquisition. PMID- 7229049 TI - A standardized problem retrieval system (SPRS) for use in clinical and research settings. PMID- 7229050 TI - "The new morbidities," physician competence, and consumer utilization. AB - Results of a questionnaire assessing pediatricians' perceived competence regarding psychosocial, developmental and traditional medical problems were analyzed. The data were compared with a similar questionnaire distributed to seventh grade teachers, youth and parents assessing problems for which pediatricians were utilized. The results reveal that pediatricians rate their competency higher in the area of traditional medical problems. The implications of this study are discussed. PMID- 7229051 TI - The child's and parents'expectations of psychotherapy. PMID- 7229052 TI - Outcome of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. I. Neonatal behavior of 188 infants. AB - Behavioral characteristics of very low birth weight infants (less than 1,501 gm) were determined with the term Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale and selected items from a preliminary form of the scale for premature and at-risk infants. The behavior of 188 infants was assessed at a time as optimal as possible for social interaction. Our very low birth weight infants were upset less easily, had several reflexes with below average scores, and were less responsive to visual stimuli than term infants of other studies. Improved description of interactive abilities and tolerance of the testing procedure was made possible with some items from the preliminary premature scale. Orienting responses in 6 infants tested after 44 weeks because of prolonged illness were less than optimal with a single exception. This suggests that behavioral capacity, not age, should define where the Brazelton scale is not applicable. Perinatal factors including birth weight, gestational age, and age that weight gain began, predicted some motoric and state control responses. Whether this predictive capacity will persist or change with time awaits results of follow-up of these infants. PMID- 7229053 TI - Understanding and assessing communicative disorders in children. AB - The pediatrician is frequently confronted with the problem of diagnosis and treatment of preschool-aged children suspected of having middle ear disease and speech / language impairments. Guidelines for referral of these children (otolaryngologist, audiologist, speech therapist) have not been clearly defined. The use of tympanometry and acoustic reflex testing was described to assist in the diagnosis of middle ear pathology, to provide an objective way to monitor spontaneous or antibiotic-induced remissions and to determine more accurately when a referral for surgical intervention is needed. A 35-item screening test is described, permitting speech and language assessments in the office and quantifying and comparing with age peers: vocabulary, articulation, receptive language and expressive language abilities. These office interventions enhance the physician's ability to judiciously recommend consultations. PMID- 7229054 TI - Behavioral management of the hyperactive child. AB - This paper provides a general outline of the principles of behavioral management of the hyperactive child. The use of stimulant medications and special considerations in school are briefly discussed and then suggestions for initial parent counseling, family assessment, and the analysis of specific behavior problems are reviewed. Techniques of behavioral management are presented for the younger hyperactive child (3 to 7 years) and for the older hyperactive child (8 to 13 years). Among management techniques discussed are positive reinforcement, extinction procedures, and punishment through isolation. The problems involved in the use of corporal punishment are outlined as well as specific guidelines for parents as to when and how corporal punishment can be used effectively. A step-by step summary of how to employ a token economy to manage both home and school behavior problems in older hyperactive children is presented. PMID- 7229055 TI - A left-right identification scale for clinical use. AB - The contribution of this research is a left-right identification scale which is relatively simple to administer, easy to score, and subject to low error rates. The research is unusual in that, rather than use subjective procedures (i.e., inspect data patterns), a probabilistic model was used to access fit to a linear hierarchy to response data. The resulting validated scale should be of use to researchers and clinicians alike. PMID- 7229056 TI - Typical behaviors of one-year-old children and their mothers. AB - Behaviors of 504 middle-class children at 1 year of age and their mothers were assessed with descriptive checklists. Many typical stage-related behaviors led to parental concern or frequent parent-child conflict; 24% of the mothers identified at least one conflict area and 42% expressed concern about at least one aspect of thier children's behaviors. Approximately 13% of the mothers thought their children were very or moderately difficult to rear, and about 6% thought their children had behavioral or emotional problems. The mothers reported considerable variation in the number and type of cognitively stimulating activities that they engaged in with their children. The implications of these findings for well-child care are discussed. PMID- 7229057 TI - A health education program for children with asthma. AB - A school-based health education program was conducted for children with asthma. Fifty-three children with asthma participated in the educational program and 51 children who did not participate during the 1st year served as a "comparison group." The program was administered to the "comparison group" during the 2nd year to replicate observed changes. The educational program improved knowledge, increased the child's perception of having more control over his/her health and reduced anxiety associated with illness. Results indicate that educational objectives for children with asthma can be met through a structured educational program, conducted in small groups. PMID- 7229058 TI - "Hyperactivity" : still a maze of questions. PMID- 7229059 TI - Schizophrenic, alcoholic, felon and management factor compositions of social status. AB - Administered the Social Status Study scale to four different groups: 174 incarcerated felons, 125 alcoholics, 278 management consultants, and 388 chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics. Five factors were derived fro each of the four populations. Major finding is that factorial composition of the groups is dependent upon specific population characteristics, and the overall factors are not sufficient for clinical judgment of individuals from different subgroups. The resulting factors were clearly unique in depicting social adjustment maladjustment styles in each of the clinical groups. PMID- 7229060 TI - Social factors ion schizophrenic, alcoholic, executive and prison populations. AB - Investigated factorial structure of social status in hospitalized schizophrenics, alcoholics, executives and prison populations totaling 965 Ss. Five major factors were derived from the data obtained by administration of a 200-item Social Status Study instrument: Factor I--Social Class Role; Factor II--Conservative Citizen Role; Factor II--Worker Status Role; Factor IV--Political Citizen Role, and Factor V--Political-Social Mobility. Description of the levels of integration along the personal-social dimension represented by the four clinical groups was proposed. PMID- 7229061 TI - The chronicity effect. AB - The chronicity effect is derived from two other general principles that underlie clinical neuropsychological test interpretation. These are (1) localization principle: elementary functions are related to specific cortical areas; (2) Diaschisis: functions located at a distance from an acute lesion may be affected by that lesion. The chronicity effect states that as a nonprogressive lesion becomes chronic, diaschisis tends to recede. In an illustrative detailed case study, a man with encephalitis concentrated in the left temporoparietal area was tested five times over a 6-year period. In the first testing at 5 weeks many of his abilities were impaired. In subsequent months, all abilities except reading returned to the normal range. His dyslexia became permanent, while other abilities not related to the area of tissue damage returned to normal functioning. PMID- 7229062 TI - A measure of cognition within the context of assertion. AB - Described the development and evaluation of a measure of cognitive belief systems and thinking styles within the context of assertion. The Cognition Scale of Assertiveness comprises eight items and is scored on a 7-point (disagree-agree) scale. In a series of studies, normative, reliability, and validity data were obtained for junior college, university, and nonstudent samples (N = 482). Reliability and validity results were poor for junior college students, but impressive data obtained for university and nonstudent populations. Further, cognition scores for these latter two groups discriminated high vs. low social anxiety, a factor often linked to assertion. Finally, the instrument was sensitive to change via assertion training. Overall, the present findings recommend the use of the Cognition Scale of Assertiveness as a reliable and valid measure of cognitive assertion for university students and for nonstudent samples. PMID- 7229063 TI - Psychological factors that predict reaction to abortion. AB - Investigated demographic and psychological factors related to positive or negative reactions to legal abortions performed during the first trimester of pregnancy in 62 females in an urban southern community. Results suggest that the social context and the degree of support from a series of significant persons rather than demographic variables were most predictive of a positive reaction. PMID- 7229064 TI - Androgyny, Stereotypy and the perception of female therapists. AB - Assessed the effects of female therapists' experience (expert or nonexpert) and disclosure level (high or low) and Ss' sex role orientation (stereotyped or androgynous) on perceived expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness. Forty six sex role stereotyped and 46 androgynous Ss rated therapists after they had read three brief transcripts of therapist-client interactions. Results indicated that experts were seen as more expert and more trustworthy, and high disclosing therapists were seen as more attractive. Moreover, a three-way interaction indicated that trustworthiness ratings of expert females were similar for stereotyped and androgynous Ss. However, nonexperts were rated differently by stereotyped Ss as a function f therapist disclosure level, whereas, androgynous Ss' ratings of nonexperts did not differ from their ratings of experts. The differential ratings as a function of sex role orientation were discussed, and future research directions were suggested. PMID- 7229065 TI - The uses of hypnotherapy with learning disabled children. AB - Explored the impact of group hypnotic and self-hypnotic training on the academic performance and self-esteem of learning disabled (LD) children. Three hypnotic training sessions and instructions for 6 weeks of daily self-hypnotic practice that contained suggestions for imagery related to improvement in these areas were given to 15 children (12 males and 3 females, ages from 7 to 13), their reading teacher, and both their parents, and their responses were compared to a similar but untreated control group of 18. No overall differences were observed between groups. A multiple regression analysis revealed important predictors of self esteem improvement for the experimental group. The child's hypnotic susceptibility score and self-hypnotic practice by children and parents were the most relevant. These LD children were at least as hypnotically susceptible as a normative sample. Hypnotherapy is seen as feasible in group administration by persons only moderately trained in hypnosis and of potential benefit to self esteem improvement in LD children, depending on individual difference factors. PMID- 7229067 TI - The relationship between therapist-client interpersonal compatibility, sex of therapist, and therapeutic outcome. AB - Explored the relationship between therapist-client interpersonal compatibility, sex of therapist, and psychotherapeutic outcome. The research sample consisted of 48 therapist-client dyads. The therapists were all graduate students enrolled in an individual therapy practicum, while the client sample was composed of 48 undergraduate female (mean age 19.3 years). The interpersonal compatibility of the dyads was determined from the FIRO-B results for each of the members' using a modification of Schutz's (1966) original mathematical schema. Therapy outcome was determined from pretherapy and posttherapy testing with the Tennessee Self Concept Scale and Mooney Problem Check List. A 3 X 2 research design with one concomitant variable (pretest) was used and data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance procedure. Results suggested that among this sample the sex of therapist did not have a significant differential effect. There was also a consistent lack of interaction effects between dyadic compatibility and sex of therapist. However, significant differences in therapeutic outcome across the levels of compatibility were observed. PMID- 7229066 TI - The Personal Reactions Inventory: a scale to measure depressive attributions. AB - Assessed reliability and validity for an instrument that was designed to assess depressiform cognitions. Following the model proposed by Abramson et al. (1978) the scale was developed in order to evaluate attributions of internal vs. external responsibility, situational specificity or generality, and temporal stability or instability. Because the model also proposes that one's attributions vary as a function of the positive or negative consequences that occur in a situation, the scale varied the type of consequence to which a cause was being attributed. Initial item validation was undertaken with a sample of 17 graduate students and faculty members who rated the response alternatives. Subsequent internal validity, reliability, and convergent validity were assessed on 184 undergraduate students. The results suggest that the scale is promising for the assessment of depressiform attributions. However, a strong sex effect also was noted in some of the characteristics of attribution and suggests the need to evaluate sexual-cultural differences in attributional processes associated with depression. PMID- 7229068 TI - Play-diagnosis and therapy in Sweden: the Erica-method. AB - The form of play-diagnosis and play-therapy that has been used widely in Sweden during the last 40 years is called the Erica-Method and was developed at the Erica Institute in Stockholm. It has its roots in the World-Technique, developed by the British psychiatrist Dr. Margaret Lowenfeld, and utilizes a standardized material that consists of sandboxes and minature toys. Comprehensive registration and interpretation are provided in the manual, and the method is a very useful tool for better understanding of both developmental, neurological and psychopathological problems of childhood. PMID- 7229069 TI - An evaluation of three approaches to the teaching of a behavioral therapy. AB - Evaluated the relative efficacy of three approaches to teaching mental health professionals how to do social skill training (SST). All three conditions received a minimal of a common reading package and videotaped modeling of competent SST. Ss in a structured learning format (SLF) as well receive instructions, rehearsal and feedback for a total of 20 hours (N = 39). Therapists in a seminar format (SF) condition discussed topics associated with SST raised by the readings and films for 20 hours. In addition to modeling and the readings, Ss in the workshop format (SF) condition received concise instructions on how to carry out SST during 6 hours of training. All three conditions showed equivalent and significant pre- to posttraining improvement on a questionnaire measure of familiarity with SST; however, only the SLF and CW conditions improved significantly on a test of the therapists' evaluative skills. Finally, on a measure of therapist behavior during a simulated SST session, the three groups showed roughly equivalent improvement. The results were interpreted in terms of the particular ingredients present in each condition, and directions for future research were discussed. PMID- 7229070 TI - Separation of brain-damaged from psychiatric patients with ability and personality measures. AB - Previous research indicates that many brain-damage screening tests lack the ability to separate organic from functional patients at a satisfactory level. However, the Smith Symbol-Digit Modalities Test, the Benton Visual Retention Test, the Background Interference Procedure variation of the Minnesota Percepto Diagnostic Test, and the MMPI Psychiatric-Organic Scale have shown some promise in earlier studies. Their abilities to separate brain-damaged patients from five functional samples in a psychiatric setting were compared here. The Smith proved capable of discriminating organics from all functional samples both before and after demographic matching. The Benton and the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test separated our organics from our functional groups before matching, but results with them after matching were unencouraging. The P-O scale separated the organics from four of the five functional samples before matching and two afterward. The combined use of the P-O and Smith provided a higher level of discrimination than that attained with either alone, correctly identifying 90% of the organics and 79% of the functional Ss. PMID- 7229071 TI - Comparison of test results obtained with two neuropsychological test batteries. AB - Compared test results of two neuropsychological test batteries, the Halstead Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery (HRNTB) and Luria's Neuropsychological Investigation (LNI), to investigate the possibility of coming to the same conclusions concerning the brain-behavior relationships with the help of neuropsychological methods based on controversial theoretical assumptions. Test data were obtained from a sample of 31 inpatients of a psychiatric hospital. The concordance concerning the presence of brain dysfunction, its lateralization, and main localization was evaluated. A high degree of agreement was found supporting the construct validity of the rests for neuropsychological assessment of psychiatric patients. PMID- 7229072 TI - Validation of individual items of the Depression Adjective Check List (Form E) across three populations. AB - Investigated the individual item response patterns of the Depression Adjective Check List (DACL) from E across three study populations by means of 34 stepwise regression analyses where the DACL adjectives were the dependent variables and the population group, sex, race, age and education were the independent variables. The study groups were: An area probability sample of Kansas City residents (N = 3,313), adult applicants to an urban community mental health center (N = 1,087) and a national probability sample (N = 3,007). Thirty-two of the 34 analyses produce the population as the most significant contribution to the prediction equation. Additional findings are discussed. PMID- 7229073 TI - Norms for the revised Hebrew version of the Depression Adjective Check List. AB - In order to reduce the readability level of the Hebrew version of the DACL, a new list of words with high frequency of usage in the Hebrew language was created from the translations of E, F, and G. Ninety-four Ss completed the revised form and the translated standard form E in randomized order; the correlation was .90 (p less .001). Split-half reliability for the revised form was .83 (N = 1,230, p less than .001). The revised DACL was included in a national probability sample survey (N = 1253; 699 females and 544 males). T score and percentile norm distributions are skewed toward the left. Raw scores above 20 are rare. PMID- 7229074 TI - The CPI subscales as predictors of parental coping with childhood leukemia. AB - Determined the role of the standard CPI subscales, the Summed Coping Scale, and the current Adjustment Rating Scale in prediction of parental coping with leukemia, with 30 mothers and 25 fathers of children with Leukemia. None of the standard CPI subscales was found to be a significant predictor of coping, as measured by a situation-specific instrument, the Family Coping Scale. The Summed Coping Scale and the CARS were significant as predictors for fathers, but not for mothers. It is suggested that coping with the specific situation may be a better predictor of later coping in a similar situation than more global assessments. PMID- 7229075 TI - Clinical utility of a WISC-R short form. AB - Examined the validity of the Vocabulary-Block Design subtest combination as an estimate of te WISC-R Full Scale IQ in a clinical population. One hundred and twenty children (67 males, 53 females) with school and/or behavioral problems between the ages of 6-6 and 16-6 were administered the standard WISC-R. Satisfactory correlations (.78-.88) were found between the short form IQ and the Full Scale IQ. Approximately one-third of the Ss showed changes in intelligence classification levels when the short form was used. The short form did not allow for precise IQ estimation. However, the short form showed promise as a screening device to identify children, with atypical cognitive functions and/or mental deficiency. The short form achieved a correct classification rate of 83%. PMID- 7229076 TI - MMPI basic scales vs. two-point codes in the discrimination of psychopathological groups. AB - Made comparisons between MMPI basic scales and two-point codes in the discrimination of brain-damaged, schizophrenic, neurotic, and alcoholic patients (N = 380). Although levels of group differentiation were relatively low for both scales and codes, the latter approach was seen to result in a considerable loss of information and a concomitant reduction in criterion-related validity. PMID- 7229077 TI - Stability of the WISC-R for a sample of exceptional children. AB - Compared the subtest and IQ scores obtained by a sample of 75 learning disabled and retarded children and youth (50 boys, 25 girls) on the WISC-R after a 2-year time interval. Stability coefficients (test-retest) were obtained for the sample. The evidence obtained from the present study indicated that the WISC-R provides stable full-scale IQs. PMID- 7229078 TI - Problem-solving task performance in brain-damaged subjects. AB - Investigated the relationship between the Halstead Category Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. A correlational analysis revealed a statistically significant but modest relationship between the two variables in separate samples of brain-damaged and non-brain-damaged individuals (N = 156). Thus, in spite of the apparent similarity of the two measures, their relationship is not sufficiently close to suggest that in fact they are measuring the same abilities. However, the combination of hit rates of the two measures and the high base rate of brain dysfunction in the present sample yielded good diagnostic accuracy for decisions with regard to the presence of brain damage. PMID- 7229079 TI - Personality traits of edgers and non-edgers on the Memory-For-Designs Test. AB - Studied four separate samples to examine the relationship between personality traits and edging on the Memory-For-Designs test. In two samples, edgers and non edgers were compared on their MMPI results; one sample used 16PF data; and one sample used the HSPQ. The results showed that while edging is not common, it is not related to any unique personality traits, when compared to non-edgers. PMID- 7229080 TI - A comparison of the factor structure of the WISC and WISC-R in normal and exceptional groups. AB - Compared the factor structure of the WISC and WISC-R obtained in samples of children (N = 187) with various neuropsychological diagnoses with that obtained in Kaufman's study of the WISC-R standardization group. The relationships between WISC and WISC-R records scored in a manner consistent with the obtained factor structure, and the interdisciplinary diagnoses assigned children in both groups also were studied. It was found that the WISC and WISC-R factor structure obtained in both the samples including exceptional children was essentially comparable to that reported by Kaufman. Relationships between WISC and WISC-R factor scores and interdisciplinary diagnoses assigned children in both samples were weak, but generally consistent with expectations. PMID- 7229081 TI - An investigation of self-concept and body image in the mentally retarded. AB - Explored the relationship of self-drawings to scores on a measure of self-concept in a sample of 31 mentally retarded Ss. Five variables hypothesized to be related to self-concept including overall self-drawing score, size of self-drawing, age, sex, and IQ were subjected to forward (stepwise) multiple regression analysis. Data analysis revealed that four of the five variables shared significant variance with self-concept scores. It is suggested that these variables can provide additional information in evaluating the self-concept of the mentally retarded. PMID- 7229082 TI - Imprisonment and cognitive impairment. AB - Examined the hypothesis that imprisonment leads to cognitive impairment. The author presents a review of empirical studies and data of a research project carried out in Belgian prisons. In this latter project the Progressive Matrices were administered individually to 90 inmates in three Belgian prisons. All Ss were male, but differed in age, type of crime, and length of incarceration. Regression analysis was carried out to determine the effect of length of imprisonment on PM IQ-scores. Regression analysis was repeated for subgroups of offenders (against persons and against property). R2 and beta values never reached levels of statistical significance, which indicates that intellectual functioning was not influenced by length of imprisonment. PMID- 7229083 TI - A factor analytic study of the demographic characteristics of incarcerated males. AB - A factor analytic study of demographic and behavioral variables on adult male inmates (N = 200) of a correctional facility in the South produced eight identifiable factors. The clusters formed appeared in agreement with clinical impressions of commonalities, though some surprises were found, such as no clustering related to seriousness of offense. Labels and descriptions of factors were presented. PMID- 7229084 TI - A factor analytic study of the demographic characteristics of incarcerated male and female juvenile offenders. AB - A factor analytic study of the behavioral and demographic variables that describe male and female juvenile offenders (N = 172) in a southern correctional facility identified 10 factors for females and 6 for males. Items clustered much as anticipated for both groups, with family conflicts and individual neurotic traits forming clusters. PMID- 7229085 TI - A factor analytic study of the demographic characteristics of adult and juvenile incarcerates. AB - Carried out a factor analytic study of the demographic and behavioral characteristics of adult and juvenile male and female incarcerates (N = 559) to determine whether there were meaningful commonalities that exist for all persons involved in offenses. The obtained clusters suggest a number of consistent relationships contributory to incarceration and childhood experiences that predict difficulty in that period of life and in later adjustment. PMID- 7229086 TI - Ego boundary disturbance in juvenile anorexia nervosa. AB - Tested the hypothesis that ego boundary disturbance is present in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa. Twenty anorexics were compared to 20 female depressed controls on Rorschach scales designed to measure theoretically relevant aspects of boundary impairment. Results showed that anorexics scored higher on scales that measure inner-outer and conceptual boundary disturbance and produced significantly more responses that emphasized the solidity of object boundaries. Boundary scores were unrelated to degree of weight loss and global symptom severity, and follow-up testing after normal weight was restored revealed little change from initial levels. These findings are discussed in relation to current theory on the role of developmental ego pathology in the origins and phenomenology of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7229087 TI - Clinical psychology: emergent trends and future applications. AB - The scientist-professional model offers an important heuristic and functional perspective for clinical psychology as an independent, autonomous discipline within general psychology. Alternative models of training may be inadequate for preparing future generations of clinical psychologists of deal in a competent and innovative fashion with the expanding set of roles and emerging applications in research and practice. These include behavioral medicine, group technologies, and primary prevention. Practical implications of these developments are discussed from the perspective of a scientist-professional. PMID- 7229088 TI - Attributional biases among clinicians and nonclinicians. AB - Presented 27 randomly chosen clinicians (psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers) and 18 nonclinicians with a series of statements that describe deviant and nondeviant actor behavior and employ McArthur's (1972) social psychological constructs of emotion, action, and opinion. Ss made a series of causal attributions of actor behaviors. Data were subjected to both univariate and multivariate analyses of variance. The data showed a clear dispositional attribution bias among both clinicians and nonclinicians across all stimulus statements. Further specific tests revealed that clinicians did not differ from each other or from nonclinicians in their attributions and that a significantly greater dispositional bias occurred with deviant actor behavior and in situations that featured actor actions over opinions over emotions. These results were discussed in terms of their theoretical implications and in terms of their applicability to clinical practice. PMID- 7229089 TI - MMPI profiles of emotionally impaired physicians. AB - Compared MMPI profiles of 36 male physicians hospitalized in a psychiatric institution to MMPI profiles of physicians hospitalized in a drug treatment center and to profiles of health physicians. The sample of 36 physicians manifested more emotional distress than M.D.s in these two comparison groups. Within our sample, physicians nt addicted to drugs or alcohol had significantly higher Male-Female scores than those M.D.s addicted to drugs. PMID- 7229090 TI - Clinicians' judgments of female clients' causal attributions. AB - Presented clinical psychologists (N = 400) with statements of female client attributions for presenting problems with locus of causality varied. Clinicians' judgments of clients were investigated through their evaluations of the accuracy of these attributions. While clinician did not differ in estimate of accuracy based on whether attribution were internal or external, female clinicians were more likely than males to judge client attributions as accurate. PMID- 7229091 TI - Interrelationship of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, bronchiolitis obliterans, and rheumatoid disease: a hypothesis. AB - Three patients with histologically proven bronchiolitis obliterans are presented, two of whom had rheumatoid disease. All three patients had, in addition, clinical and radiological evidence of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia; open lung biopsy in two showed coexistent features of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and bronchiolitis obliterans. The association of both rheumatoid disease are chronic eosinophilic pneumonia with bronchiolitis obliterans in these patients may simply be coincidental, but the striking similarities between the cases suggest that a real interrelationship of these disease entities may exist. PMID- 7229092 TI - Long-term morphological and immunohistochemical observations on biopsy specimens of small intestine from children with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. AB - Jejunal biopsy specimens from nine Spanish children with gluten-sensitive enteropathy were studied with morphometric and immunohistochemical techniques in three stages of the diseases: the first biopsy was taken for diagnosis, when the child had a gluten-containing diet, the second after gluten withdrawal, and the third biopsy after gluten-provocation. The findings were compared with those in 10 healthy adults. The villous:crypt ratio and the length of the surface epithelium per stretched millimetre muscularis mucosae were decreased, whereas the number of interepithelial lymphocytes per millimetre surface epithelium was increased when the child had a gluten-containing diet. Although these parameters improved after withdrawal of gluten for at least seven months, they never reached the values of the healthy control group. With the indirect immunoperoxidase technique it was shown that the numbers of IgA-, IgG-, and IgM-containing cells, expressed per "mucosal tissue unit" of 4 micrometer thick and 1 mm wide, were significantly increased during the active phases of the disease. This increase was most striking for the IgM-containing cells. The most sensitive parameters for the histological diagnosis of gluten-sensitive enteropathy are the villous:crypt ratio or the length of the surface epithelium per millimetre muscularis mucosae, the number of interepithelial lymphocytes per millimetre surface epithelium, and the number of IgM-containing cells per millimetre muscularis mucosae. PMID- 7229093 TI - Comparative studies of spermatogenesis in fertile and subfertile men. AB - Testicular biopsy specimens from 16 fertile and 10 subfertile men with normal male karyotype were studied quantitatively to provide histological and cytogenetic data for a basis of reference in assessing abnormalities of spermatogenesis. Histological studies included estimation of the proportion and activity of germinal epithelium and an assessment of tubular morphology. In cytogenetic preparations, counts were made of cells at different stages of meiosis. Studies of cells at diakinesis included chiasma counts and percentage of cells with dissociated sex chromosomes. One fertile and six subfertile men showed decreased germinal activity; the six subfertile men also had decreased MII/MI ratios. Other findings were similar in the two groups. PMID- 7229094 TI - Use of whole blood in the measurement of neutrophil migration. AB - A whole-blood method was used for measuring neutrophil migration in micropore membrane. The method is reproducible (coefficient of variation (CV) 10.3% and 9.8% in two normal individuals tested repeatedly) and can be performed on an 0.25 ml lithium heparin blood sample. Migration is independent of leucocyte and erythrocyte counts and is comparable with that obtained for separated cells. As in separated cell techniques, cytochalasin and casein respectively inhibit and stimulate neutrophil migration. The technique is of value when testing large numbers of samples and when only small volumes of blood can be obtained, for example, in neonates. PMID- 7229095 TI - Effect of total leucocyte count on whole blood filterability in patients with peripheral vascular disease. AB - An abnormal filterability of whole blood through micropore membranes in vitro has been reported in peripheral vascular disease and has been thought to indicate abnormal red cell deformability. Blood from 68 patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease of varying severity and from 32 age-matched controls without a history of peripheral vascular disease was studied by the technique of whole blood filtration. In agreement with earlier findings, whole blood filterability was significantly reduced in patients with symptoms of vascular disease, but also their total leucocyte count was significantly higher than that of the controls. Variation in leucocyte count was found to affect significantly whole blood filterability, and the abnormal filterability in peripheral vascular disease could be entirely ascribed to this factor and not to an alteration in red cell deformability. The raised leucocyte count was not due to smoking but its cause could not be explained. PMID- 7229096 TI - Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome caused by a DF-2 bacterium in a splenectomised patient. AB - A case of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome associated with septicaemia caused by a DF-2 group bacterium (dysgonic fermenter--type 2--Atlanta classification) is presented. Attention is drawn to the relation of DF-2 group septicaemias to dog bites (or contact) and impaired host defence after splenectomy. PMID- 7229098 TI - Distribution of non-plasma protein components in meconium from healthy and cystic fibrosis neonates. AB - The distribution of four antigens of alimentary tract origin was studied in meconium collected from healthy and cystic fibrosis (CF) neonates. Two antigens, carcinoembryonic antigen and a beta glycoprotein designated Mec 6, had significantly lower concentrations in the meconium from CF neonates compared with that from healthy full-term infants. As their concentrations were unrelated to whether or not the infants had had pancreatic insufficiency at birth, their measurement may be of value for screening. Their concentrations also depended on the gestational age of the newborn, and it is speculated that the CF lesion may affect the maturation of intestinal secretions. PMID- 7229097 TI - One-hour serum xylose as an absorption test in the tropics. AB - The 1-hour serum xylose (surface area corrected) as an indication of xylose absorption after 5 g oral D-xylose has been compared with the 5-hour urine excretion test in a tropical population. The study confirmed that the peak serum xylose concentration occurs at 1 hour and that correction to a constant body surface are improves the discrimination between subjects with normal and impaired xylose absorption. The significantly lower reference range for the 1-hour surface area corrected serum xylose (0.55-1.11 mmol/l) compared to the UK figure reflects the reduced absorptive capacity of the jejunum, a result of tropical enteropathy. In view of the difficulties in obtaining accurate urine collections in tropical countries, especially in field studies, it is recommended that the 1-hour serum xylose (surface area corrected) should be adopted as the standard test of xylose absorption. PMID- 7229099 TI - Fluctuations of serum bile acid concentrations during the menstrual cycle. AB - Fasting primary bile acid conjugates were measured in 44 women by radioimmunoassay methods. Bile acid values were significantly greater in the 21 women who were in the first half of the menstrual cycle than in the 23 women in whom blood was sampled during the second half of the cycle. Similar measurements were made at weekly intervals after menstruation in five subjects; increased values were observed in the first week. It is concluded that serum bile acid values fluctuate during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7229101 TI - Effects of test conditions on the susceptibility of staphylococci in vitro to cephradine, cephaloridine, cephalexin, and cefuroxime. AB - Methicillin-resistant staphylococci were tested for susceptibility to cephradine, cephaloridine, cephalexin, and cefuroxime and 30 degree C and 37 degree C on ordinary media and on media of enhanced osmotic strength. The coagulase-negative strains were divided into Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus hominis. Generally the number of susceptible strains decreased with low incubation temperature and osmotic support. When Staphylococcus aureus was tested against cephalexin and cefuroxime, most were susceptible at 37 degree C whereas all were resistant at 30 degree C. A similar trend was found in the case of cephradine, where it was accentuated by osmotic support. While almost all strains of Staph. epidermidis were sensitive to all four drugs under all test conditions, the susceptibility of Staph. hominis was generally decreased by either lower incubation temperature or osmotic support or both. PMID- 7229100 TI - Co-trimoxazole sensitivity testing: comparison of separate and combined disk agar diffusion techniques. AB - Five hundred and seven strains of bacteria isolated from the urine of patients with significant bacteriuria (more than 10(8) colony-forming units per litre) were tested for sensitivity to co-trimoxazole by the agar diffusion technique. Each organism was tested with a combined disk containing trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole in a primary sensitivity test and, at a standardised inoculum, with both a combined disk and separate disks of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole. The results show that combined disk testing does not always indicate the sensitivity patterns of the organisms being tested. PMID- 7229102 TI - A non-pathogenic vibrio for the routine quality control of TCBS cholera medium. AB - A non-pathogenic "indicator" organism to relapse Vibrio cholerae in the routine quality control of TCBS medium was sought among a large collection of freeze dried vibrios isolated mostly from environmental sources. One strain, which was consistently more sensitive to inhibition of growth on TCBS medium that strains of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus, is recommended for this purpose. It has been deposited with, and is available from, the National Collection of Type Cultures as NCTC 11218. PMID- 7229103 TI - In vitro growth of some fastidious adenoviruses from stool specimens. AB - Sixty-seven stool specimens from 51 children, positive for adenoviruses by electron microscopy and negative for growth in human-embryo kidney cells, were tested for growth in Chang conjunctiva cells. Twenty-eight specimens caused a cytopathic effect over more than one passage in these cultures, and several adenovirus strains grew better at 33 degree C than at 37 degree C. Most of the culture-positive specimens also induced the development of adenovirus antigens in KB cells detectable by a group-specific indirect immunofluorescence test. Twenty four of the 25 fastidious strains tested were antigenically related and were distinct from the established serotypes commonly isolated from stools. PMID- 7229104 TI - Non-toxigenic clostridia in babies. AB - Non-toxigenic clostridia, Clostridium butyricum but occasionally C. paraputrificum, were isolated from mainly extra-alimentary sites of 28 babies in maternity hospital over a period of 40 weeks. During that time, C. butyricum was isolated from the blood of two babies who died of necrotising enterocolitis and of two babies without referable symptoms. Otherwise these organisms appeared to be of no pathogenic significance. PMID- 7229106 TI - Transfusion of patients with leucocyte antibodies using cotton wool filtered blood. PMID- 7229105 TI - Effect of adding cysteine to brain-heart infusion broth on the isolation of Bacteroides fragilis from experimental blood cultures. AB - Adding 0.05% cysteine to brain-heart infusion broth greatly improved the recovery of three strains of Bacteroides fragilis from simulated blood cultures. No bacteroides were isolated after 24 hours' incubation in brain-heart infusion broth without added cysteine, and this was therefore a poor medium for the isolation of B. fragilis. Results with brain-heart infusion broth containing 0.05% cysteine were similar to those obtained with commercially prepared Thiol and Brewer's thioglycollate media. PMID- 7229107 TI - Serial study of C-reactive protein during infection in leukaemia. AB - Serum C-reactive protein was studied serially by a 1-hour laser nephelometric assay in 25 patients with leukaemia who developed 34 episodes of infection. The serum level rose above, or by, 100mg/l in 29 of the episodes. Serial measurement of this acute-phase reactant was of value in detecting infection in the neutropenic patient and in monitoring the response to antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7229108 TI - Surface topography of the female bladder trigone. AB - Cystoscopic biopsy specimens of the bladder trigone of young women with recurrent urinary infections were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The superficial cells of the thickened squamous epithelium of the trigone have either a microridged, microvillous, or mixed pattern. In one case, bacteria were found adherent to all these types of surface. Some cells have a microvillous surface and a cobblestone pattern with long, clubbed microvilli and resemble the cells found in malignant and premalignant states. PMID- 7229109 TI - Challenge of clinical pharmacology in developing countries. PMID- 7229111 TI - Mathematical considerations in the estimation of peak drug concentrations under uniform and nonuniform dosing conditions. AB - General one-compartment model equations for computing peak drug concentrations following uniform and nonuniform dosing are discussed. Evidence is presented to confirm that time of peak concentration times (tmax) following oral or intramuscular dosing may be highly variable when doses, dosing intervals, or drug elimination rates are changing. A new tmax equation (t delta max) is presented which can provide correct times for peak concentrations under both fixed and variable dosing, and can be used when other tmax equations apply. Clinical examples involving its application are shown. PMID- 7229110 TI - Single- and multiple-dose bioequivalence of erythromycin pharmaceutical alternatives. PMID- 7229112 TI - Fentanyl pharmacokinetics in awake volunteers. AB - A single intravenous dose of fentanyl (either 2 or 4 micrograms/kg body weight) was given to 13 healthy, young volunteer subjects. Serum fentanyl concentration decreased in a triexponential pattern. The terminal half-times were 750 and 853 minutes, respectively. A three-compartment, open, mammillary model is proposed for fentanyl kinetics. PMID- 7229113 TI - A simplified method to estimate total area under the blood plasma concentration versus-time curve. AB - A simplified method is presented to determine the total area under the blood plasma concentration-versus-time curve whose results compare favorably with those obtained using the classical method. The advantage of this method is that no additional parameters are needed to evaluate the area under the curve. PMID- 7229114 TI - Pharmacomanometric studies of colonic motility as a guide to the chemotherapy of schizophrenia. AB - Distal colon motility studies performed in 41 psychotic subjects demonstrated that 32 of them had hyperactivity of the noradrenergic system at this peripheral level, while the remaining nine cases showed hyperactivity of the dopaminergic system. The noradrenergic-hyperactive patients fulfilled the Research Diagnostic Criteria of schizophrenia, whereas the dopaminergic-hyperactive patients were diagnosed as having schizoaffective disorders. Noradrenergic-hyperactive subjects were successfully treated with clonidine, a drug which inhibits release of noradrenaline, while dopaminergic-hyperactive subjects were successfully treated with clonazepam, a drug which inhibits release of dopamine. The addition of sulpiride (a postsynaptic dopaminergic blocking agent) and of phentolamine (a postsynaptic noradrenergic blocking agent) to clonidine and clonazepam, respectively, induced further significant improvements in both types of psychotic patients. PMID- 7229115 TI - Lidocaine kinetics: relationships between early lidocaine kinetics and indocyanine green clearance. AB - Lidocaine plasma levels and indocyanine green clearance were measured in five normal volunteers and eight patients admitted to the coronary care unit. All individuals received lidocaine as a 1 mg/kg bolus and a 35 microgram/kg/min constant infusion for 180 minutes. Eight of the 13 (62 per cent) individuals studied (all normal volunteers and three patients) developed early, potentially subtherapeutic plasma lidocaine levels (less than or equal to 2.4 microgram/ml) within 15 minutes after starting therapy. Those individuals with subtherapeutic levels had either minimal (American Heart Association Class) or no clinical evidence of congestive heart failure. The use of indocyanine green (ICG) clearance as an estimate of hepatic plasma flow showed that individuals with early, subtherapeutic lidocaine levels had higher ICG clearance (9.33 +/- 0.32 ml/min . kg versus 2.90 +/- 1.74 ml/min . kg) and shorter ICG t 1/2 (2.02 +/- 0.99 minutes versus 3.6 +/- 0.69 minutes) and larger volume of distribution (36.1 +/- 16.3 ml/kg versus 19.5 +/- 12.8 ml/kg) than patients without subtherapeutic levels. This study suggests that early lidocaine kinetics may be significantly altered by clinical conditions that alter hepatic blood flow. The reappearance of arrhythmias shortly after initiating lidocaine therapy in patients without heart failure may be due to rapid hepatic clearance and subtherapeutic blood levels rather than lidocaine-resistant arrhythmias. PMID- 7229116 TI - Digoxin pharmacokinetics in congestive heart failure. AB - The steady-state pharmacokinetics of oral digoxin in eight hospitalized patients was compared upon their admission with marked right-sided congestive heart failure and later when they were compensated. Large intersubject variations in the serum digoxin concentration profiles were observed. However, over a 24-hour dosing interval, digoxin concentrations in each patient studied during heart failure were either similar or higher than those observed when the patient became compensated. There were no significant differences in digoxin half-life of elimination between the two states. In contrast, the mean ratio of the fraction of digoxin dose absorbed to its apparent volume of distribution was increased by 37 per cent (P less than 0.05) in heart failure. Contrary to the prevailing notion, we found that the oral administration of supplemental doses of digoxin only on the basis of its reduced serum concentration in patients with congestive heart failure is unwarranted. PMID- 7229117 TI - The study of analgesics following single and repeated doses. AB - The efficacy and safety of 0.3 mg buprenorphine on single and repeated intramuscular administration (every 4 to 8 hours as needed) were compared to those of 10 mg intramuscular morphine. Fifty adult patients experiencing moderate to severe postoperative pain were evaluated up to three days following surgery. Results showed that 0.3 mg buprenorphine was as effective as 10 mg morphine, whether given as a single dose or on a repeat-dose schedule. The patterns of analgesia were similar and without indication of increasing dosage requirements with time. Minor side effects encountered were brief and minimal, including such conditions as drowsiness, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, and nausea. PMID- 7229118 TI - Development of pulmonary edema related to heparin administration. AB - Bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and osteopenia are recognized as the side effects of heparin administration. We recently noted occurrence of pulmonary edema in a patient with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia being treated with heparin for pulmonary embolism. The hypertensive episodes preceding left ventricular failure were considered related to serotonin released from the immunologically mediated lowering of platelets. PMID- 7229119 TI - Centrally acting antihypertensive agents: a comparison of lofexidine with clonidine. AB - Lofexidine, a new centrally acting antihypertensive agent, was compared in a double-blind study with clonidine in the treatment of mild (standing diastolic blood pressure 95-104 mm Hg) or moderate (105-129 mm Hg) essential hypertension. In dialy dosages of 0.2 or 0.4 mg, monotherapy with lofexidine produced significant decreases in blood pressure and heart rate that were not different from those with clonidine. Blood pressure and heart rate were not different from those with clonidine. Blood pressure control (supine and standing diastolic pressure less than 90 mm Hg) occurred in seven of eight mild hypertensives treated with lofexidine and in seven of ten treated with clonidine. In moderate hypertension, three of 11 and seven of ten, ten of the 14 responders to clonidine required dosages of 0.4 mg daily or less. The maximum dosage tested was 1.6 mg daily. Concomitant hydrochlorothiazide therapy was given to eight of the lofexidine responders and 12 of the clonidine responders. For both drugs, drowsiness and dry mouth were the chief complaints. Neither agent changed standard clinical biochemistries except for decreased potassium and increased bicarbonate concentrations due to concurrent diuretic therapy. Lofexidine to have clinical characteristics similar to those of clonidine. Each of these agents is best used in lower doses, which are frequently effective and less likely to produce symptomatic complaints. PMID- 7229120 TI - Clinical pharmacology of intramuscularly administered L-asparaginase. AB - Clinical pharmacology of L-asparaginase was compared by intramuscular and intravenous injections in 12 patients with metastatic cancer or leukemia. Following a single intramuscular injection at the gluteal site of L-asparaginase (10,000 IU/m2), the enzyme appeared in plasma as measured initially at 1 hour, but plateau levels were not reached in plasma until 14 to 24 hours after drug administration. The peak plasma level was 1.12 IU/ml, only one fourth of that seen when L-asparaginase was given intravenously at equal doses. However, the enzyme level decrease in the plasma after intramuscular injections was slower, with a half-life ot 46 hours, compared to 7 to 28 hours for intravenously administered drug. The apparent volume of distribution indicated that the intravenously injected enzyme was mostly distributed in plasma, whereas the intramuscularly injected enzyme yielded a much larger volume of distribution (63 versus 245 ml/kg). In addition, only 19 per cent of the intramuscularly injected dose was in plasma, and the area under the curve (C X t) was only 1/24 that by intravenous route (20 versus 487 IU/ml.hr). No enzyme was measurable in patients' urine samples collected for three days after intramuscular injections of the enzyme, and only a trace (less than 1 per cent) of the enzyme was detected in urine after intravenous administration. PMID- 7229121 TI - Inhibition of histamine-stimulated increases in heart rate in man with the H2 histamine receptor antagonist cimetidine. AB - The influence of an H2-histamine receptor antagonist, cimetidine, on histamine induced changes in heart rate and blood pressure was examined in a randomized double-blind study in six fasted male subjects. The intravenous infusion of histamine (10 microgram/min) for 20 minutes caused an immediate and sustained increase in heart rate (26 per cent and a transient fall in mean arterial blood pressure (10 per cent). Cimetidine pretreatment (300 mg intravenously) inhibited histamine-elevated heart rate by 75 per cent (P less than 0.05) and histamine decreased blood pressure by 54 per cent (P less than 0.05). Cimetidine by itself did not cause significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure. These results illustrate that H2-histamine receptor antagonists significantly inhibit histamine induced increases in heart rate in man and support the potential use of cimetidine in certain cases of tachyarrhythmia. PMID- 7229122 TI - Acute phenytoin and primidone intoxication: a pharmacokinetic analysis. AB - Serial plasma levels of phenytoin, primidone, and phenobarbital were determined in a patient following massive overdose of phenytoin and primidone. The patient's neurologic status improved slowly over a period of 10 days and correlated best with the rise and fall of phenytoin plasma concentrations. The pharmacokinetics of all three agents were characterized by nonlinear regression analysis of their respective plasma concentration-time profiles during the elimination phase, followed by analog computer simulations of their entire plasma concentration-time profile closely resembled the observed values. Average values of Km and Vmax obtained from patients undergoing chronic therapy were used in the simulation and appear to adequately describe phenytoin elimination in this overdose situation. The elimination half-lives of primidone and phenobarbital of 6.2 and 83.5 hours, respectively, were within the "normal range" for patients on chronic therapy. Two distinct absorption phases for primidone and three for phenytoin were noted. The marked decrease in the estimated absorption rate constant between phases 1 and 2 for each drug may have been due to slow dissolution of a large congealed mass of phenytoin and primidone in the gut. The analysis of serial plasma samples following a massive overdose is recommended to provide a reliable data base for therapeutic decisions. PMID- 7229123 TI - Acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers and cell bodies in the cochlear nuclei of normal and reeler mutant mice. AB - Sections from the cochlear nuclei of normal and reeler mutant mice were treated by the method of Karnovsky and Roots ('64) for the demonstration of cholinesterase activity. In one group of controls ethopropazine was used to inhibit pseudocholinesterases and in another group BW 284C 51 was used to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The distribution of AChE-positive fibers in the normal mouse is given. The reeler mutant mouse differs from the normal in that there are no AChE-positive fibers in the dorsal nucleus, very few in the granule cell layer separating the dorsal from ventral nuclei, none in the granule cell layer covering the lateral aspect of the ventral nucleus, and the number in the posteroventral and caudal anteroventral nuclei are greatly reduced. Perisomatic terminals, small and large terminal boutons, and boutons en passant are present in both normal and reeler mutant mice. AChE-positive cell bodies are found in the deep region of the dorsal nucleus, the rostral part of the posteroventral nucleus, and the anteroventral nucleus of both normal and reeler mutant mice. The observations in the normal mouse are compared to the distribution of AChE positive fibers and the types of terminals formed by noncochlear afferents in other species. Several possible causes of the lesion of the AChE-positive fibers in the reeler mutant mouse are considered. PMID- 7229124 TI - Histogenesis of the cochlear nucleus of the mouse. AB - In Nissl-stained preparations of the cochlear nucleus there are nine recognizable cell types. These cells are born during three periods of histogenesis prenatally. On gestation days 10.0, 10.5, and 11.0 the pyramidal, giant, and dark-staining cells are born. The spherical, globular, multipolar, and horizontal cells are formed on gestation days 12.0, 12.5, and 13.0 and small cells follow on gestation day 14.5. The onset of granule cell formation is gestation day 14.5 continues to birth on gestation day 19. At birth, and for at least the first 2 postnatal weeks, glial cells are born. There are no regional gradients in cell birth dates, cells from all birth dates being intermixed. Cell birth proceeds in an orderly sequence that is related only to cell size. Although there were no apparent spatiotemporal patterns, some clustering of labeled cells was evident. These observations do not support the hypothesis that Golgi Type I cells precede Golgi Type II cells in their order of birth since both large and small neurons project beyond the nucleus. There is, nonetheless, a sequential pattern in the onset of cell birth for the auditory system, with cochlear nucleus neurons preceding cochlear neurons. PMID- 7229125 TI - Neurogenesis in the brain stem of the rabbit: an autoradiographic study. AB - With the aid of (H3)-thymidine autoradiography, neurogenesis was documented in the nuclear groups of the medulla oblongata, pons, and mid-brain, as well as in the brain stem reticular formation of the rabbit. Following single injections of (H3)-thymidine, counts were taken of intensely labeled neurons within the nuclei of the functional columns related to the cranial nerves, nuclei of several other functional classifications, and nuclei that did not fit into a functional category. In the brain stem as a whole, neurogenesis was found to occur between days 10.0 and 18.5 of gestation: however, the majority of nuclei studied contained intensely neurons only between days 12.0 and 15.0. Only in the pontine nucleus and the tectum were intensely labeled cells observed as late as day 18.5. Directional gradients of histogenesis were often observed within, as well as between, various nuclei. Within the nuclear columns related to the cranial nerves, a clear mediolateral spread of neurogenesis was observable such that nuclei of the motor columns reached a peak in neurogenesis before those in the sensory columns. Likewise, a mediolateral proliferation pattern was seen in the brain stem reticular formation. Other individual directional gradients were discernible; however, in the brain stem as a whole, distinct overall gradients were not observable. In many individual nuclei, gradients in neuron size were observed such that large neurons preferentially arose prior to smaller neurons. Information pertaining to gradients in neurogenesis, as well as to relationships among functionally related nuclei, are discussed. PMID- 7229126 TI - A brainstem atlas of catecholaminergic neurons in man, using melanin as a natural marker. AB - The present paper provides an atlas showing the distribution of melanin containing nerve cells in the human brainstem. It was found that neuro-melanin, which can be viewed as a waste product of catecholamine metabolism, is suitable as a natural marker for catecholaminergic neurons in the medulla oblongata, pons, and te mesencephalon of the adult human brain. Within these areas of the brain, there is a striking similarity between the location of melanin and the catecholamine cell bodies described in various animals and in human fetuses, whereas no melanin was found in the diencephalic dopaminergic cell groups. Cell counts from the center of each area showed that the mean density of melanin containing perikarya varied considerably between the different areas. PMID- 7229127 TI - The pontocerebellar system in the rat: an HRP study. I. Posterior vermis. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the origin of projections from the basilar pontine nuclei (BPN) and nucleus reticularis tegmentis pontis (NRTP) to the posterior vermal lobules VI-IX of the rat cerebellum. We describe the topographical organization of this component of the pontocerebellar projection, and the congruence of the cells of origin in the basilar pons with some of the major pontine afferent systems including the corticopontine and tectopontine projections. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the midline cerebellar vermal zones of Long-Evans hooded rats. The more sensitive chromogens, tetramethyl benzidine and benzidine dihydrochloride, were used to reveal the location of labeled neurons. With injections located near the midline, groups of labeled cells were observed bilaterally within the BPN. The basic trend of the projections noted was: lobule VIa receives a nonfocal projection from nearly all subdivisions of the BPN throughout its rostrocaudal extent, as well as a substantial input from NRTP. Lobules VIb-c receive input from NRTP, the rostral pons, and from the ventral, lateral, and medial groups of cells in the middle BPN project to lobule VII, in addition to projections from limited groups of cells in the rostral BPN. Lobule VIII receives afferents from the caudal aspect of the pontine gray. Lobules IXa-receive afferents from the medial and peduncular groups in the midline BPN, whereas lobule IXc receives inputs from a medial group and a small lateral cluster of cells in the caudal aspect of the BPN. Pontine neurons projecting to the posterior vermis originate from areas which appear to receive descending inputs from visual, auditory, and somatosensory regions of the cerebral cortex. However, a large number of pontine and NRTP neurons projecting to lobules VI and VII are located within the terminal fields of tectal neurons, perhaps indicating a stronger input from the tectum rather than visual and auditory cerebral cortical regions. PMID- 7229128 TI - The pontocerebellar system in the rat: an HRP study. II. Hemispheral components. AB - The projection of basilar pontine neurons to the cerebellar hemispheres was studied to pigmented rats by means of the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Injections of horseradish peroxidase were restricted to the lateral aspects of the lobulus simplex (11 cases), crus I (26 cases), crus II (23 cases), and paramedian lobule (18 cases). The main focus of labeled neurons following lobulus simplex injections of horseradish peroxidase was located in the ventral pons, at rostral levels. Interestingly, the majority of labeled cells were distributed ipsilateral to the injection site. After crus I injections, however, labeled neurons were most evident contralaterally , although labeled ipsilateral cells were conspicuous rostrally. The majority of labeled cells were characteristically distributed along the medial, ventral, and lateral perimeters of the pontine gray. This pattern of labeling contrasts with that in cases of crus II injections, in which the main focus of labeled somata occupied more central regions of medial and ventral portions of the pons. Similarly, the pattern of labeling following injections into the paramedian lobule largely avoided the medial and lateral perimeters of the pontine gray, while numerous labeled somata occupied the central region of the pons. In addition to the pontine regions described above, labeled cells were observed in various cases in the dorsal peduncular region, the lateral and dorsolateral areas, and the nuclear reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) where three separate zones of labeling could be discerned in various cases. Several general organizational features were derived from these studies. Although specific quantitation procedures were not applied, the number of ipsilaterally labeled neurons was impressive in some cases, as was the mirror-image location of certain ipsi- and contralateral cell clusters. It was also noted that certain, similarly located clusters of labeled pontine neurons were present in cases in which injections were made into different cerebellar lobules, at least raising the possibility that some pontine neurons might give rise to divergent projections of multiple cerebellar locations, Moreover, it was evident that the location of certain clusters of labeled neurons was congruent with terminal zones of various pontine afferent systems, particularly those of the sensorimotor cortex. Combining the latter finding with the preceeding notion regarding pontocerebellar divergence suggests a mechanism by which sensorimotor information might be transmitted to several different cerebellar locations. PMID- 7229129 TI - Interconnections and organization of pallidal and subthalamic nucleus neurons in the monkey. PMID- 7229130 TI - Homotopic and heterotopic callosal afferents of caudal inferior parietal lobule in Macaca mulatta. AB - We have examined callosal-axon neurons giving rise to homotopic and heterotopic callosal projections to caudal inferior parietal lobule (area PG) in Macaca mulatta, identifying these neurons by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. The labeled neurons in the homotopic region occur predominantly in layers IIIB and V.A moderate number are also seen in layer VI, a smaller number of layer IV, and rare cells occur in layer II. These neurons occupy a region very similar in outline to the injection area, and though variable in density in the horizontal plane, are continuously distributed in this plane. The heterotopic neurons are seen in the contralateral cingulate gyrus, continuing caudally into medial parietal cortex, in the cortex of the superior temporal and occipitotemporal sulci, in the caudal superior temporal gyrus, and in the caudal inferior parietal lobule, behind the homotopic area. These same regions on the ipsilateral side contain labeled neurons of origin of ipsilateral association projections to area PG. For other ipsilateral labeling was found. A review of the literature on heterotopic callosal connections of a particular generalization of this conclusion: The callosal heterotopic connections of a particular cortical area are made with regions which on the ipsilateral side have associated connections with that area, though usually not with all of such regions. PMID- 7229131 TI - Neuronal organization of the rabbit cochlear nucleus: some anatomical and electrophysiological observations. AB - The cochlear nucleus of the young adult rabbit was studied using both anatomical and electrophysiological techniques. The cytoarchitecture of the cochlear nucleus, as revealed by Nissl-staining and Bodian's Protargol method, was quite similar to that of the cat. The cell types observed by the Golgi-Cox method were very similar to those observed in the cat cochlear nucleus. Bushy and stellate cells were predominant in the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus, and multipolar and globular cells were observed throughout the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus, surrounding a region containing mainly octopus cells. The dorsal cochlear nucleus was revealed as a limited structure with a prominent band of fusiform cells. The polymorphic layers continued varieties of giant neurons similar to those observed in the cat. Units in the cochlear nucleus were classified electrophysiologically, in terms of their discharge pattern, and located histologically. The ventral cochlear nucleus contained mainly "primarylike," "chopper" and "onset" units, but the dorsal cochlear nucleus contained a greater variety of response patterns. "Buildup," "pauser" and "chopper" response patterns were predominant, and the dorsal cochlear nucleus also obtained more inhibitory units than the ventral cochlear nucleus. Both the types of units observed and their location in each nucleus were very similar to those reported for the cat. Both divisions of the ventral cochlear nucleus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus were found to be tonotopically organized in a dorsal (high frequency) to ventral (low frequency) direction. A trend for an organization in a medial to lateral direction was also apparent, particularly in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. PMID- 7229132 TI - Short- and long-term effects of neonatal and adult visual cortex lesions on the retinal projection to the pulvinar in cats. AB - An increased retinal projection to th pulvinar occurred in cats following neonatal ablation of visual cortical areas 17, 18, and 19. After unilateral lesions, the retinopulvinar projection visualized with autoradiography was larger and denser on the lesioned side than on the intact side. This increased projection was first recognized when the lesioned kittens were 1 week old, when increased labeling in the pulvinar was first detected. The retinopulvinar projection on the intact side of the brain decreased in size with age over the first 3 months of life. This decrease in size was not observed on the lesioned side of the brain. The absence of this decrease on the lesioned side may represent a failure of retraction of exuberant connections, but because of the active invasion by retinal fibers immediately after the lesion, observations of the normal retraction may simply be obscured. Severe cellular degeneration in the dorsal lateral geniculate occurred a few days before the changes in the retinopulvinar projection began; this loss of a postsynaptic target for many retinal axons may trigger the reorganization of input to the pulvinar retino recipient zone (pulivnar-RRZ). After adult visual cortex lesions, no reorganization of the retinopulvinar projection took place. The modification of the projection from the retina to the pulvinar that occurs after ablation of visual cortex in the newborn cat may contribute to the sparing of visual abilities seen after these lesions. PMID- 7229133 TI - Ascending auditory afferents to the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. AB - Afferents from the hindbrain auditory system to the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus were analyzed by the use of orthograde and retrograde axon-tracing techniques. Three divisions of the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, a dorsal, an intermediate, and a ventral division are discussed. The dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus is a recipient of afferents from cells located mainly in the superior olivary complex and the contralateral dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. It receives direct afferents from only a few cells in the cochlear nuclei. In sharp contrast, the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus is the recipient of afferents from many cells in the contralateral ventral cochlear nucleus and from only a few cells in the superior olivary complex. Further, it receives no afferents from cells in the contralateral nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. The intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus receives afferents from some cells in the cochlear nucleus and the superior olivary complex. It is unique among the three nuclei of the lateral lemniscus in that it receives a substantial projection from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. PMID- 7229134 TI - HRP study of the organization of auditory afferents ascending to central nucleus of inferior colliculus in cat. AB - The ascending auditory projections to central nucleus of inferior colliculus and its ventrolateral and dorsomedial subdivisions (ICVL and ICDM) have been studied in cat using both pressure and electrophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The results indicate that the predominant ascending projections to inferior colliculus originate in (1) contralateral cochlear nucleus, (2) contralateral and ipsilateral lateral superior olive, (3) ipsilateral medial superior olive, (4) ipsilateral ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, (5) ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, and (6) contralateral inferior colliculus. In addition, ipsilateral cochlear nucleus, ipsilateral and contralateral intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, ipsilateral, and to a lesser extent contralateral, periolivary nuclei project to inferior colliculus. Of these nuclei, the lateral superior olive projects exclusively to ICVL and ipsilateral cochlear nucleus and contralateral inferior colliculus project mostly, if not exclusively, to ICDM. Many of these projections demonstrate a cochleotopic organization and frequency a nucleotopic organization as well. A cochleotopic organization of the projections is apparent for cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex. A nucleotopic organization suggests that the heaviest terminations of contralateral inferior colliculus are medial and dorsal in inferior colliculus, of medial superior olive are dorsal and lateral, of superior olivary complex are rostral, of cochlear nucleus are caudal, and of ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus are caudal. PMID- 7229135 TI - Regional differences in fiber size in the cochlear nerve. AB - The topographical variations in fiber size in the cochlear nerve of cat were quantitatively studied by electron microscopy. Measurements of fiber size as they appeared at the outlet of the spiral lamina show that fibers originating from the basal part of the cochlea are larger than those from the apex. When the diameter of apical fibers and their axoplasms at two different levels are compared, a significant variation in size is observed. As they appear in the internal acoustic meatus the apical fibers are larger at the level of the nerve trunk compared with the same fibers near the ganglion cell bodies. There are significant differences in fiber diameter with regard to their length for fibers derived from the apical turn. These results are compared with previous findings. PMID- 7229136 TI - Morphogenesis and synaptogenesis of the zebrafish Mauthner neuron. AB - The shape of the Mauthner neuron (M-neuron) and the distribution of its afferent synapses were studied between days 2 and 6 after fertilization in the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio. This interval is just after the outgrowth of M-dendrites begins, and during this time the M-cell acquires its definitive shape. The M-cell has two large invariant dendrites: The lateral dendrite terminates in the sensory neuropil of the acoustico-lateral area, and th ventral dendrite terminates in the neuropil of the motor tegmentum. Fine dendrites are present, and mostly arise from three regions; from the terminus of each major dendrite and from the ventral surface of the perikaryon. The number and position of fine dendrites within each of these sets is variable, even among animals from a single isogenic clone. M cells with improper numbers or positions of large dendrites were never encountered, even early in development. This suggests that their outgrowth is a highly directed process. Large numbers of afferent synapses are formed on the M cell during the time of dendrite outgrowth. By day 6 there is a mosaic pattern of morphologically distinctive terminals that is similar to the pattern of the adult goldfish M-cell. Identified categories of terminals include (1) myelinated club endings, on the distal part of the lateral dendrite, (2) boutons, on the dendrites and perikaryon, (3) unmyelinated club endings, on the dorsomedial portion of the perikaryon adjacent to the axon cap, and (4) spiral fiber terminals within the axon cap. The nonrandom nature of the input may be ascertained by observing the distribution of electrotonic or gap junctions on the cell surface. These are frequently encountered on the initial segment of the axon (spiral fiber terminals), ventral dendrite and ventral perikaryon (boutons), and distal lateral dendrite (myelinated club endings). Gap junctions are only rarely observed on the dorsal surface of the cell, although this region, like others of the cell, receives large numbers of chemical synaptic contacts. This pattern is similar at all stages studied, which suggests that no large rearrangements in synaptic contacts occur during this developmental period. We discuss these observations in relation to the hypothesis that patterned dendritic growth of the M-cell is directed by synaptic interactions with the afferents. PMID- 7229137 TI - Fine structure of myelinated mechanical nociceptor endings in cat hairy skin. AB - High-threshold mechanoreceptors (mechanical nociceptors) with myelinated axons were electrophysiologically identified in hairy skin of the cat as described by Burgess and Perl ('67). Such elements possess receptive fields consisting of a number of punctate areas from which maximal firing can be elicited by intense (skin-damaging) mechanical stimuli. The spots of the receptive field are separated from each other by unresponsive regions, i.e., by skin areas from which responses cannot be evoked by stimuli effective at the spots. Fine steel pins were inserted to bracket closely a number of the spotlike responsive areas for each of several units. After aldehyde perfusion of the animal, osmification of the tissue and embedding in plastic, the marked skin zones were examined in semithin and ultrathin sections at the light and electron microscopic level. Near each delineated area, a thinly myelinated axon was found that could be traced to the papillary layer where it loses its myelin sheath. Unmyelinated axons accompanied by thin Schwann cell processes were then traced and found to penetrate the epidermal basal lamina in one of the papillae. At the epidermal penetration site, the axons contained both clear round, and large, dense core vesicles; at this level, the surrounding Schwann cell cytoplasm exhibited numerous pinocytotic vesicles. The zone of penetration may constitute the receptive apparatus. Some of these axons have been traced within the basal epidermal layer where they become surrounded by keratinocytes, lose their Schwann sheath, and apparently terminate. This overall morphological pattern was consistently present in the demarked areas of focal responsiveness, and was rare in the surrounding skin; this and its difference from other cutaneous neural endings suggest that the intraepidermal axon-Schwann cel complex constitutes the receptive structure for myelinated mechanical nociceptors. It is suggested that such complexes are the sense organs responsible for initiating the sensation of pricking pain produced by localized mechanical injury of the skin. PMID- 7229138 TI - Habenular asymmetry and the central connections of the parietal eye of the lizard. AB - Histochemical and autoradiographic analyses of the axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase and tritiated amino acids were employed to study the central connectivity of the lizard parietal eye. Somata and processes of centrifugal fibers to the parietal eye were localized in tissue of the dorsal sac and in the leptomeningeal sheath of the pineal gland. Analyses of series of transverse sections of the brain showed the left medial habenular nucleus to be subdivided into pars dorsolateralis and pars ventromedialis, and the right medial habenular nucleus not to be so subdivided. Centripetal fibers of parietal eye ganglion cells project to only the pars dorsolateralis of the left medial habenular nucleus and terminate there in two distinct fields. The asymmetry of the lizard habenula may be a specialization associated with the unilateral projection from the parietal eye. PMID- 7229139 TI - Thalamocortical synapses of pyramidal cells which project from SmI to MsI cortex in the mouse. AB - Electrolytic lesions were made of the nucleus ventralis posterior pars lateralis thalami and of the nucleus posterior thalami in the male CD/1 mice to label thalamocortical axon terminals in mouse SmI cortex. Pyramidal cells in layers II through V of SmI cortex were labeled by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase injected into ipsilateral MsI. Numerous pyramidal cells, particularly in the more superficial layers of SmI cortex, were filled with reaction product so that even their dendritic spines and local axon collaterals were clearly visible. Six well-filled pyramidal cells with somata in layers III and IV were serial thin-sectioned, and portions of their dendrites in layer IV were examined with the electron microscope to determine the distribution of their thalamocortical and other synapses. It was found that, in general, different dendrites of a single pyramidal cell formed similar proportions of thalamocortical synapses and that the six pyramidal cells, as a group, also formed similar proportions of thalamocortical synapses with their dendrites in layer IV. In contrast, when the thalamocortical connectivity of the six cells was considered as a function of their depths within the cortex, a clear trend was seen for the proportion of thalamocortical synapses to increase with increasing proximity of the cell body to layer IV. A hypothesis based on the timing of developmental events is proposed to account for this observation. PMID- 7229140 TI - Development of chorda tympani taste responses in rat. AB - To learn whether neurophysiological taste responses change during structural development of the gustatory system, we recorded from the chorda tympani nerve in rats aged 7 to 92 days after birth. Chemical stimuli applied to the anterior tongue included four monochloride salts, two acids, sucrose, and urea. Responses to all chemicals were obtained as early as 7 days postnatally. Developmental changes in salt, acid, and sucrose responses were observed. Relative to NaCl and LiCl, NH4Cl and KCl gradually decrease in effectiveness as taste stimuli; or, relative to NH4Cl and KCl, NaCl and LiCl become more effective stimuli. These changes are similar to those observed prenatally and postnatally in sheep. Also, relative to NaCl, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sucrose become less effective stimuli; or, NaC1 becomes more effective as a stimulus, relative to these acids and sucrose. The period of most rapid functional change overlaps a period of rapid structural change. It seems most reasonable to hypothesize that the altering taste responses reflect developmental changes in receptor membrane composition. Since the taste system is not programmed to respond in a mature manner from the moment function begins, there is ample opportunity for changing taste experience to influence the developing taste system. PMID- 7229141 TI - Morphology and number of neurons in two species of polychaetes. AB - Neurons of the ventral nerve cord (VNC) in the polychaete species Clymenella torquata and Nereis virens were ultrastructurally distinguished from glial cells by the smaller diameter and elongated shape of glial nuclei in adult organisms. In contrast to neurons, beta-glycogen-like particles and densely packed microfilaments were found in glial cytoplasm. Using these and other criteria, glial cells were distinguished from nerve cells in histologic preparations. All neuronal nuclei were counted in specified regions of the CNS of both polychaetes. In both species, the number of neuronal nuclei in various CNS regions remained constant in animals of very different body size. Since Clymenella has a set number of ganglia in the VNC and a set number of body segments, the total number of CNS neurons remains constant in adult members of this species. Since adult Nereis adds VNC ganglia in newly forming body segments, the total number of CNS neurons continuously increases, but the total number of CNS neurons in a ganglion does not change after it is formed. PMID- 7229142 TI - Spinothalamic projections in a lizard, Varanus exanthematicus: an HRP study. AB - In the present study HRP injections have been placed in various thalamic areas in order to investigate spinothalamic projections in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus. It appeared that the spinal cord projects to three different thalamic areas: nucleus dorsomedialis, nucleus ventrolateralis, and an area that includes both the nucleus dorsolateralis and nucleus intermediodorsalis. Spinal neurons projecting to nucleus dorsomedialis are localized bilaterally at the medial side of the dorsal horn. Following injections in nucleus ventrolateralis, labeled neurons were found bilaterally in area VII and VIII, whereas nucleus dorsolateralis and nucleus intermediodorsalis receive a bilateral input mainly from areas V and VI. PMID- 7229143 TI - Regeneration of axons and nerve cell bodies in the CNS of annelids. AB - The neuron addition hypothesis predicts that species that add CNS neurons during a particular ontogenetic stage should regenerate ablated somata better than species that add few, if any, neurons to the CNS during that same stage. We report that CNS nerve cells do not regenerate in three species of adult (reproductively competent) leeches (Hirudo medicinalis, Haemopus grande, and Macrobdella decora), which do not increase the number of neurons in any portion of the CNS. Nereis virens, a polychaete that adds CNS neurons to newly forming ganglia in the adult stage, also does not regenerate CNS neurons. Conversely, CNS neurons, including a pair of uniquely identifiable somata, do regenerate in Clymenella torquata, a polychaete that has a constant number of neurons in the adult stage. Hence, the results of our study suggest that several versions of the neuron addition hypothesis cannot predict CNS regenerative abilities in adult annelids. Finally, we report that severed stumps of CNS axons do not degenerate rapidly in Nereis or Clymenella, and that both species can regenerate severed CNS axons presumably by morphologic fusion or physiologic activation of surviving stumps. PMID- 7229144 TI - Organization of afferent connections of the feline lateral habenular nucleus. AB - The organization of afferent projections to the lateral habenular nucleus (LHB) was studied in adult cats. In autoradiographic experiments, tritiated leucine injections were made into regions shown in retrograde transport studies to project to LHB (lateral hypothalamus, preoptic region, entopeduncular nucleus, and midbrain raphe) to determine the locations of axonal trajectories and terminal zones. The distribution of silver grains in the ipsilateral LHB differed according to the injection site. Entopeduncular nucleus projected to the ventrolateral part, raphe to the dorsomedial part, preoptic region to the central part, anterior hypothalamus to all but the ventrolateral part, and posterior hypothalamus to all but the dorsomedial part. The lateral hypothalamus, preoptic region, and anterior portion of the entopeduncular nucleus projected primarily through the inferior thalamic peduncle and stria medullaris, while the posterior portion of the entopeduncular nucleus projected more diffusely through thalamus to enter LHB from its ventral aspect. Raphe axons reached LHB through the fasciculus retroflexus. Entopeduncular and lateral hypothalamic axons passed through the habenular commissure to the contralateral stria medullaris to reach the contralateral LHB. Silver grains in LHB were distributed similarly bilaterally, but were much less dense contralateral to the injection. The major afferent projections to the feline LHB are therefore topographically organized. The significance of this organization in relation to the possible role of the LHB in integrating limbic and extrapyramidal motor systems is discussed. PMID- 7229145 TI - Summertime actinic lichenoid eruption (lichen planus actinicus). AB - A patient with an unusual lichenoid photosensitive eruption is presented. The features differentiating this entity from classic lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, and polymorphous light eruption are discussed. Phototesting confirmed the provocative influence of sunlight. We prefer the name "summertime actinic lichenoid eruption" to that of "lichen planus subtropicus" or "lichen planus actinicus," since this condition is not confined to subtropical countries, and, although light appears to initiate the eruption, its exact relationship to lichen planus is unclear. PMID- 7229146 TI - Unilateral linear nevoidal syringoma. AB - We here report the unusual occurrence of syringoma in a unilateral linear nevoid distribution in a 32-year-old woman. The papules were located on the right side of the chest and right arm. These lesions need to be distinguished from other linear papular eruptions. PMID- 7229147 TI - Familial cutaneous leiomyomatosis. AB - A 24-year-old Caucasian man was evaluated because of a history of multiple firm, reddish, papulonodular skin lesions occurring over the buttocks, thighs, and lower portions of his back and legs since the age of 17 years. Most lesions had developed within 1 year of onset and had become very painful. The family history revealed that the patient's mother and maternal aunts had similar skin lesions. The mode of inheritance is that of autosomal dominant pattern. The mother and three maternal aunts all had had hysterectomies. Biopsy specimens of skin lesions with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson-trichrome stains showed typical leiomyoma. Bodian's staining method revealed an increased amount of nerve fibers interlacing within muscle fibers and in the surrounding tissue. This finding may explain the painful nature of the cutaneous leiomyomas. Treatments consist of analgesics for control of pain and selective excision of larger painful leiomyomas. PMID- 7229148 TI - Benign neonatal hemangiomatosis. AB - Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis is a serious multisystem syndrome of multiple cutaneous hemangiomas, visceral hemangiomatosis with arteriovenous shunts, high output congestive heart failure, thrombocytopenia with hemorrhage and central nervous system involvement. Some neonates with multiple cutaneous hemangiomas, however, may follow a benign course of spontaneous resolution without symptomatic visceral involvement. Such cases may be called benign neonatal hemangiomatosis. PMID- 7229150 TI - Distinctive cutaneous subsets in the spectrum of lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7229149 TI - Lymphocyte kinetics in pustular psoriasis. AB - Generalized pustular psoriasis is a potentially lethal variant of psoriasis vulgaris characterized by the appearance of sterile pustules on inflamed psoriatic skin. We now report the finding of an absolute lymphopenia at the onset of pustular psoriasis. While the white blood cell count rises to a level of 25,000 to 40,000 in the initial stages of a pustular flare, the lymphocyte count drops from a normal level to an absolute lymphopenia. This "lymphocyte eclipse," as we have called it, appears to be a reliable sign of impending pustular activity and has now been documented in ten patients with pustular psoriasis. Immediate institution of therapy may abort a potentially lethal complication of psoriasis. PMID- 7229151 TI - Toxic-shock syndrome. PMID- 7229152 TI - Toxic hepatitis after PUVA. PMID- 7229153 TI - "Red sweat". PMID- 7229154 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa: vitamin E as an effective treatment. PMID- 7229155 TI - Behcet's syndrome and treatment with colchicine. PMID- 7229156 TI - Operant escape learning in decerebrate duck embryos. AB - Peking duck embryos were trained in an operant escape task on Day 25 of incubation (total incubation period = 27 days) following decerebration on Day 24 of incubation. Experimental embryos successfully acquired the operant response, which involved the performance of a discrete foot flexion in order to terminate a shock applied to the wing. The decerebrate embryos resembled normal, unoperated embryos of this age in their acquisition of the operant behavior. This study demonstrates that this form of learning can be acquired without benefit of telencephalic structures, at least at this point in development. Differences in the consequences of decerebration during prenatal or neonatal versus adult stages are discussed. PMID- 7229157 TI - Effects of domestication on production and perception of mallard maternal alarm calls: developmental lag in behavioral arousal. AB - The process of domestication involves intense inbreeding. Field and laboratory studies were conducted to assess the effects of such intense genetic selection on the production and perception of the maternal alarm calls of domestic (Peking) and wild mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). With respect to production, the calls of wild and domestic ducks were comparable in four acoustic features and differed only slightly on two features. With respect to perception, the calls of wild and domestic hens were equally effective in promoting behavioral inhibition in wild and domestic ducklings. Although these data revealed little or no effect of domestication on the structure and function of the maternal alarm call, an unexpected effect was found regarding the domestic ducklings' behavior. Specifically, Pekings showed a greater level of behavioral inhibition than did mallards at 24 hr of age. Further experiments indicated that the differential level of inhibition in the wild and domestic birds reflects a developmental lag in arousal consequent to domestication: 72-hr-old Peking ducklings are behaviorally more aroused than 24-hr-old Peking ducklings and are similar to 24 hr-old mallard ducklings in that respect. This appears to be the first demonstration of behavioral heterochrony, which is believed to be an important mechanism of behavioral evolution. PMID- 7229158 TI - Conditioned social aversion in the male Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - Adult male Mongolian gerbils formed conditioned social aversions to young male conspecifics. The basic paradigm consisted of pairing a subject with a young animal (test stimulus) for 5 min and then injecting the subject with lithium chloride to produce gastrointestinal distress. When retested 48 hr later, the subject avoided the animal used as a test stimulus, as indicated by significantly decreased investigation time and approach frequency. Through a series of experiments on dose level, delay of toxin injection, and stimulus generalization, it was demonstrated that a dose of .03 ml/g body weight of .15 M LiCl is effective, the injection of the toxin should be given within 15 min of the preliminary social pairing, the social aversion formed is specific to the particular first paired stimulus animal, and isolation between test sessions is necessary for an aversion to develop. This paradigm of conditioned social aversion extends our knowledge of the learned aversion process and demonstrates that this type of learning can be generalized to a social situation by gerbils. PMID- 7229159 TI - The ontogeny of feeding in rats: IV. Taste development as measured by intake and behavioral responses to oral infusions of sucrose and quinine. AB - Infusions of sucrose or quinine were delivered through cannulas implanted in rat pup's mouths. Intake was measured, and behavioral responses were scored. Responsiveness to sweet and bitter tastes emerged over the first 2 wk of postnatal life. Pups showed discrimination between water and sucrose in their mouthing behavior and general activity from 3 days of age, but in their intake only from 6 days of age. Discrimination between water and quinine was not shown until 9 days of age in either behavior or intake. Even then, the stereotypic aversion reactions (paw treading, chin scraping) that characterize the adult response to quinine were not apparent until 12 days. By 15 days of age, preferences for sucrose and aversions to quinine were robust. They resembled those of adult rats and did not depend on previous experience with either solution. PMID- 7229161 TI - Postnatal development of absolute auditory thresholds in kittens. AB - Postnatal development of absolute auditory thresholds in the kitten was behaviorally measured from birth up to 1 mo of age. Unconditioned reactions to pure tones were observed for kittens up to Day 12, and conditioned responses were used for animals from Day 10 onward. At 1 day after birth, the first noticeable responses were obtained in 4 of 11 kittens at frequencies of .5-2 kHZ. At 2 days of age, 12 of 16 kittens responded. Thresholds remained high (above 100 dB SPL) up to the sixth day, but the range of behaviorally effective frequencies extended from .2 to 6 kHZ. All conditioned response thresholds at Day 10 and most at Day 12 were significantly lower than those measured by unconditioned reactions. From 10 days onward, all threshold curves showed a characteristic sensitivity optimum at 4 kHZ. For frequencies below 1 kHZ, maximum sensitivity was reached at Day 15; for frequencies up to 20 kHZ, at Day 20; and for even higher frequencies, at Day 30. At 1 mo of age, the frequency range is adultlike. The present behavioral results on developing acoustic function in the kitten closely followed structural maturation of the acoustic pathway and demonstrated limitations of the ability for acoustical communication during the first week of life. PMID- 7229160 TI - Behavioral analyses of visual cortex of the Galago. AB - For the purpose of examining some of the principles underlying the function of primate visual cortex, the performance of one normal control group and three operated groups of Galagos having bilateral cortical lesions in area 17 (S), the middle temporal area (MT), or areas 18 and 19 (XS) was assessed on tasks measuring visual sensory capacity, search, and learning. Striate lesions produced a reduction in foveal vision and were responsible for deficits only on a complex visual learning task. The lesions of Group MT extended beyond area MT and involved the optic radiations. This resulted in impairments on all visual problems. Animals in Group XS had subtotal lesions of prestriate cortex and were also impaired on each task, but they showed less severe deficits in sensory capacity than animals in Group MT. It is suggested that the Galago's striate cortex plays a major role in the identification and utilization of relevant visual information and that areas 18 and 19 are important in both visual learning and visuospatial analyses. Evidence is provided that area MT is involved in visual search. PMID- 7229162 TI - Differential effects of a reminder cue on amnesia induced by stimulation of amygdala and hippocampus. AB - The present study examined the effects of a footshock reminder in restoring memory after discrete electrical brain stimulation. Rats received low-level bilateral electrical stimulation of either the amygdala or the hippocampus after training in a one-trial passive avoidance task. Rats receiving stimulation showed amnesia when tested 24 hr after training. One hour after the retention test, rats received a footshock reminder cue. Twenty-three hours later, in a second retention test, hippocampus-stimulated animals showed recovery of memory, while amygdala-stimulated rats did not. Stimulated rats that did not receive a reminder footshock remained amnesic. In addition, the effects of amygdala and hippocampal stimulation applied after the footshock reminder cue were examined. On the second retention test, amygdala stimulation disrupted the reminder effect, while hippocampal stimulation had no deleterious effects. The data are interpreted from a memory-attribute point of view which suggests that the amygdala and hippocampus may be differentially involved in the processing of particular attributes of the learning task. PMID- 7229163 TI - The septohippocampal cholinergic system and classical conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response. AB - Rabbits received bilateral microinjections of scopolamine or saline into either the dorsal hippocampus (Experiment 1) or the medial septal nucleus (Experiment 2). The animals then underwent classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response in which a light served as a conditioned stimulus and eye shock served as the unconditioned stimulus. The results indicated that whereas hippocampal injections of scopolamine had no effect on conditioning, scopolamine injected into the medial septum retarded acquisition of the response. A third experiment indicated that this retardation of conditioning was not due to changes in sensitivity to either the conditioned or the unconditioned stimulus. The results are discussed in terms of accumulating evidence indicating that manipulations which produce certain patterns of activity in the hippocampus are detrimental to acquisition of the conditioned nictitating membrane response. PMID- 7229165 TI - Longitudinal resection of nails for purposes of biopsy and treatment. PMID- 7229164 TI - Electrodesiccation of nevi aranei ("spiders") and senile angiomas. PMID- 7229166 TI - Treatment of basal- and squamous-cell carcinomas on the tip of the nose by cryosurgery. PMID- 7229167 TI - The role of dermatologists in the management of burns. PMID- 7229168 TI - Acute thermal dermatitis: an epidemiologic study. PMID- 7229169 TI - Evaluation and complete overview of the burned patient. PMID- 7229170 TI - Management of acute thermal burns. PMID- 7229171 TI - Prevention and correction of scars and contractures following burns. PMID- 7229172 TI - Miscellaneous burns and frostbite. PMID- 7229173 TI - Electrical burns. PMID- 7229174 TI - Radiodermatitis in physicians. PMID- 7229175 TI - An iconography of some surgical procedures to repair cicatrizations from burns. PMID- 7229176 TI - Surgical gem. Intralesional electrodesiccation with a 30-gauge needle. PMID- 7229177 TI - Ophthalmologic oncology. Common conjunctival neoplasms. PMID- 7229178 TI - Tumor conference #34. A dental sinus appearing as atypical epithelial hyperplasia that suggested a squamous-cell carcinoma. PMID- 7229179 TI - Telethermography in the diagnostics and management of malignant melanomas. AB - Telethermography is a harmless, noninvasive method of examining some patients for some conditions. There are more important differential criteria than thermography for the diagnosis of malignant melanomas, but in some cases the proof of a surrounding difference in temperature may make a contribution to the diagnosis of malignant melanoma, especially if it gives decisive information as to the otherwise clinically inapparent extent of the malignancy locally, and thus guides the surgeon to excise widely enough. Also, thermography of the whole body is complementary to established techniques of examination used in evaluation of patients with malignant melanomas. By making visible hypo- or hyperthermic areas, it helps to detect metastases and confirms or denies suspicious findings obtained by other methods of examination. PMID- 7229180 TI - Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. AB - The authors recount three cases of malignant melanomas in the oral cavity. The first was classified as malignant melanoma in situ, pagetoid type; the second as malignant melanoma, dendritic type; and the third as nodular malignant melanoma. These cases led the authors to compare the histopathologic features of malignant melanomas of the oral cavity with those of malignant melanomas of the skin and, finding them much the same, to advise early biopsies of all pigmented lesions in the oral cavity. PMID- 7229181 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. A report of two cases. AB - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is a benign vascular neoplasm characterized by marked proliferation of large endothelial cells and an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosinophiles. The condition must be differentiated from malignant vascular tumors and from several other benign conditions. Although lesions may be ablated by several means of treatment, there is a tendency to recurrence, but, even untreated, there is a tendency to eventual spontaneous regression. PMID- 7229182 TI - Lymphangiosarcoma after filarial infection. AB - A case of lymphangiosarcoma of a lower extremity is described in a patient with chronic lymphedema of that leg from a filarial infection in childhood. Histologically, the neoplasm resembled lymphangiosarcomas that arise in arms that become lymphedematous after mastectomies, but was different in that it also contained areas of calcification consistent with prior filarial infection. Calcifications were also present in muscle uninvolved by the lymphangiosarcoma of this case. The prolonged survival of this patient is unlike that of most patients with lymphangiosarcoma, which is generally shorter. Although lymphedema after filariasis is common, this is the first case of a lymphangiosarcoma arising in chronic lymphedema of filarial origin. PMID- 7229183 TI - Pedicles flaps from the forehead. AB - Pedicled flaps from the forehead are very useful for covering defects on the nose. A flap from a lateral or the medial part of the forehead can be designed according to the size and site of the defect on the nose. Flaps may even be used to repair full-thickness defects in the nose by grafting skin on their inner surfaces. Such techniques are briefly described step by step. PMID- 7229184 TI - Regeneration of axillary hairs after plucking. AB - Studies on the regeneration of axillary hairs after plucking are described. Regeneration of axillary hairs after plucking was recognized as originating in a special region of the upper isthmus of the hair apparatus, from which point solid pegs of epithelial cells grow downward and form inner root sheaths. New hairs form in their centers. At this stage, the lower parts of the hair follicles descend while the new hairs grow from the centers of the pegs by vigorous mitosis of germinal cells. Eventually, the epithelial cells wrap around masses of mesenchymal cells and form new bulbs from which hair shafts grow upward. The new matrices acquire new complements of functioning melanocytes. PMID- 7229185 TI - Linear verrucous nevus. AB - Linear verrucous nevi may be troublesome lesions to extirpate with satisfactory cosmetic results. Conventional practice has been to excise then in full-thickness skin. A simpler technique of shaving them off to a depth between the papillary and reticular dermis and allowing spontaneous re-epithelization from the remaining portions of adnexa is recommended as better and cosmetically more satisfactory. PMID- 7229186 TI - Ablation of a persistent angiomatous condition on the face in stages by a variety of flap techniques and selective dermabrasion. AB - A case is described in which a large, persistent hemangioma on a cheek of a middle-aged man was removed in stages by means of subcutaneously bipedicled island flaps, a preauricular and postauricular transposition flap, and finished off by dermabrasion. Some such lesions hitherto deemed inoperable may be removed satisfactorily in stages if various techniques of ablation and reconstruction are employed. PMID- 7229187 TI - Effects of monensin on development of the face fly and the horn fly. PMID- 7229188 TI - Evaluation of pyrethroids impregnated in cattle ear tags for control of face flies and horn flies. PMID- 7229189 TI - Chigger mites: efficacy of control with two pyrethroids. PMID- 7229190 TI - Effectiveness of light-traps for assessing airborne Culicoides variipennis populations. PMID- 7229191 TI - Naturally acquired learned helplessness: the relationship of school failure to achievement behavior, attributions, and self-concept. PMID- 7229192 TI - Sociometric measurement: methodological consideration of its use with mildly learning handicapped and nonhandicapped children. PMID- 7229193 TI - Increasing reading persistence and altering attributional style of learned helpless children. PMID- 7229194 TI - Auditory tract asymmetry in brainstem electrical responses during binaural stimulation. AB - A recently developed technique to demonstrate binaural interaction in brainstem auditory electrical responses was systematically investigated. From analysis of the BSERs of eight normal hearing adults, it was found that variations in binaural interaction difference traces are related to an artificial relationship created by this technique between the true binaural and summed monaural waveforms. The present investigation employed a refinement of the binaural interaction technique whereby left and right monaural waveforms were subtracted individually from the binaural waveform to produce a difference trace. Analysis revealed that variations in the difference trace morphology are related to dependence of binaural latencies on left or right auditory tract preference in the brainstem auditory pathways. Within the subject population, 50% demonstrated an auditory tract preference for binaural latencies while 50% showed no preference. It was concluded that the difference trace is mathematically predictable from the morphological differences between the binaural and monaural waveforms and that a more accurate representation of binaural interaction can be obtained from a comparison of individual monaural waveforms within the binaural trace. PMID- 7229195 TI - A frequency-position map for the chinchilla cochlea. AB - Frequencies of tones are mapped on to distances along the organ of Corti by associating behaviorally measured threshold shifts with regions of hair-cell loss. The central tendency found for 95 frequency-position matches by four observers on 21 ears is approximated by a straight-line, log-linear relation between frequency and position. Only a small portion of the considerable variation of individual matches around this function could be explained by length of the organ of Corti. Other unidentified factors appear to be responsible for most of these variations. PMID- 7229196 TI - Primary auditory neurons: nonlinear responses altered without changes in sharp tuning. AB - Two-tone suppression as well as distortion product responses in mammalian auditory neurons were altered by exposure to short, high intensity tones in the frequency region of the suppressing or primary tones. These changes occurred without significant alteration of the single neurons' tuning curves. The findings support the notion that two-tone suppression and distortion product responses are a function of the integrity of cochlear regions remote from the final transduction site. PMID- 7229197 TI - Effect of sensorineural hearing loss on the stapedius reflex growth function in the elderly. AB - The effect of sensorineural hearing loss upon stapedius reflex growth functions was studied in the elderly. The reflex activators were pure tones (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) and broadband noise; reflex magnitude was expressed in decibels relative to static acoustic impedance. When expressed in decibels relative to reflex threshold, the mean growth functions of the elderly were reduced compared to previous data for young subjects [Silman, Popelka, and Gelfand, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64, 1406--1411 (1978)] and the noise functions differed in terms of both shape and magnitude. When expressed in SPL, the mean growth functions of the normal hearing elderly demonstrated saturation at high activator levels, whereas saturation was not observed in the mean growth functions of the hearing loss subjects. In the normal elderly, saturation was found to be frequency dependent. The saturation effect is discussed in terms of energy integration of the reflex response in the aging ear. PMID- 7229198 TI - Three-dimensional model calculations for guinea pig cochlea. AB - The WKB approximation was used for calculations of the pure tone response of a straight box model of the guinea pig cochlea with square scale cross sections and the fluid density and viscosity of water. Only one mode of elastic deformation of the partition was considered, corresponding to a flexible pectinate zone of the basilar membrane (BM) with rigid bony shelf, arches, and spiral ligament. Four distributions of pectinate zone transverse bending stiffness were considered, corresponding to volume compliances: (1) CB, measured by Bekesy in the guinea pig post mortem, (2) CB/4, (3) CPL, deduced from Bekesy's point load measurements in a human, with BM thickness inversely proportional to the width and rescaled for the guinea pig, and (4) 10CPL. We also considered various values of the relative longitudinal stiffness of the basilar membrane and the condition of drained or filled scala tympani. When compared to in vivo and post-mortem measurements of the guinea pig, the model results lead to the conjecture that the transverse fibers of the basilar membrane decrease in stiffness with time post mortem, while the ground substance increases in stiffness. Calculations using the compliance CB/4, with the ST drained with zero longitudinal BM stiffness give a response similar in location, peak shape, and phase to the in vivo capacitance probe measurements of Wilson and Johnstone [J., Acoust. Soc. Am 57, 705--23 (1975)]. Calculations for the ST filled and closed show a BM amplitude similar in location and shape to the spiral ganglion cell threshold curves obtained by Robertson and Johnstone [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 57, 466--469 (1979)] from abnormal cochleas without outer hair cells. This indicates that the normal peak neural stimulation occurs about 1 mm apical of the BM peak amplitude. Naturally, the discrepancies between the postulated physical model and the cochlea prevent firm conclusions about cochlear function. PMID- 7229199 TI - Off-frequency listening: effects on psychoacoustical tuning curves obtained in simultaneous and forward masking. AB - Off-frequency listening--the use of information in different frequency regions to improve performance in masking tasks--has been reported to influence psychoacoustical tuning curves measured in simultaneous masking. The present experiment was designed to establish whether suppression has an effect on off frequency listening. Psychoacoustical tuning curves were obtained from three observers in both simultaneous and forward masking. A probe level of 10 dB SL and narrowband noise maskers were used. After obtaining the conventional tuning curves, a fixed masker, at either 1.8 or 2.2 kHz and 10 dB below the corresponding tuning-curve threshold, was added to limit off-frequency listening. In both simultaneous and forward masking, the branch of the tuning curve opposite the fixed masker was shifted downwards, but to a greater extent in forward masking. The suppression of the probe in tuning curves measured in simultaneous masking appears to constrain off-frequency listening. In forward-masking tuning curves, off-frequency listening has a greater effect, and may explain to a large extent the very sharp tuning which has been found in some studies. PMID- 7229200 TI - Invariant characteristics of partial masking: implications for mathematical models. AB - The loudness of a tone in a noisy background increases very rapidly above its threshold with increasing intensity of the tone. The particular curve describing loudness growth as measured by a loudness matching paradigm depends on the level of the background noise. We introduce the hypothesis that an increment in masking noise induces a shift of the loudness matching curve in a diagonal direction (the matching curve being plotted in conventional log--log coordinates). This shift invariance is shown here to hold empirically for individual subjects within a monaural loudness matching task, based on a 2IFC paradigm using 1000-Hz tones and a wide band Gaussian noise. Shift invariance places considerable restrictions on models feasible for such data. In conjunction with a very general class of models involving the notion of gain control, the shift invariance property determines all parametric forms possible for the loudness matching functions. The fit of such parametric expressions to the data reported here yields very satisfying results. The resulting model is also found to be consistent with relevant results in the literature. PMID- 7229201 TI - Formant-based representation of auditory similarity among vowel-like sounds. AB - Can the acoustic properties of vowels, in particular, formant frequencies, and formant amplitudes, be scaled so that the auditory relations among vowels are representable by their positions in a formant frequency space? Experiments are described in which carefully selected sets of five-formant vowel-like sounds were presented to listeners. Auditory judgements were elicited sufficient to evaluate the conformity of steady state vowel perception with various algebraic forms. Test results demonstrate that if intervowel distances are organized on a formant by-formant basis, as for example in the commonly used Euclidean distance metric, no scaling of listeners' responses using a formant-based distance, two factors are required for each formant: Scaled formant amplitude levels must be included in the representation, and the difference of the scaled formant frequencies must be weighted by the formant amplitude levels. PMID- 7229202 TI - Acoustic analysis and perception of Spanish fricative consonants. AB - This paper examines the acoustic properties of Argentine Spanish fricatives and the spectral cues in recognition of these consonants. It was observed that [s] spectrally peaks around 5000 and 8000 Hx, [formula: see text] around 2500 and 5000 Hz, [f] around 1500 and 8500 Hz, [x] around 1000 and 4000 Hz and [c] around 2000 and 4000 Hz. The perceptual importance of each of these spectral peaks was determined by filtering and synthesis experiments. With regard to the voice fricatives: [beta, o, Y, Y, 3] the analysis showed periodic components with an F1 of similar frequency and a variable F2. Noise components with an F1 of similar frequency and a variable F2. Noise components were principally observed in [3]. Voiced fricatives proved to be shorter than voiceless ones. The analysis of fricatives in consonant-vowel syllables suggested that both the friction and vocalic portions may provide relevant acoustic cues. Tape-splicing experiments, designed to test this observation, showed that except for [x] and [Y], all Spanish fricatives were accurately identified by the friction portion alone. However, it was also observed that in transitionless syllables the vocalic portion affected the phonetic identification of the friction portion. This phenomenon pointed to the perceptual relevance of the transition in some combinations of fricatives and vowels. PMID- 7229203 TI - Perceptual assessment of fricative--stop coarticulation. AB - The perceptual dependence of stop consonants on preceding fricatives [Mann and Repp, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 69, 548--558 (1981)] was further investigated in two experiments employing both natural and synthetic speech. These experiments consistently replicated our original finding that listeners, report velar stops following [s]. In addition, our data confirmed earlier reports that natural fricative noises (excerpted from utterances of [st alpha], [sk alpha], [(formula: see text)k alpha]) contain cues to the following stop consonants; this was revealed in subjects' identifications of stops from isolated fricative noises and from stimuli consisting of these noises followed by synthetic CV portions drawn from a [t alpha]--[k alpha] continuum. However, these cues in the noise portion could not account for the contextual effect of fricative identity ([formula: see text] versus [sp) on stop perception (more "k" responses following [s]). Rather, this effect seems to be related to a coarticulatory influence of a preceding fricative on stop production; Subjects' responses to excised natural CV portions (with bursts and aspiration removed) were biased towards a relatively more forward place of stop articulation when the CVs had originally been preceded by [s]; and the identification of a preceding ambiguous fricative was biased in the direction of the original fricative context in which a given CV portion had been produced. These findings support an articulatory explanation for the effect of preceding fricatives on stop consonant perception. PMID- 7229204 TI - A reply to Cohen et al.'s "Weighty voices and shaky evidence: a critique" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68, 1884--1886 (1980)]. PMID- 7229205 TI - Determining individual loudness scales from binary comparisons of loudness intervals. AB - A method is described in which individual loudness scales can be derived without resorting to numerical judgments on the part of the subject. Loudness scales constructed via this method differed significantly from subject to subject. Since a non-numerical scaling procedure was employed, the individual differences could not be attributed to biases in the way in which observers use numbers or numerical concepts to describe the loudnesses of tones. PMID- 7229206 TI - Effects of atrazine treatment of a corn field using different application methods, times, and additives on the persistence of residues in soil and their uptake by oat plants. PMID- 7229207 TI - a radioimmunoassay for benomyl and methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate on food crops. PMID- 7229208 TI - Analytical method for nitrapyrin and 6-chloropicolinic acid residues in strawberry fruit and soil. PMID- 7229210 TI - A residue study on beef cattle consuming 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. PMID- 7229209 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of captan, captafol, and folpet residues in plant material. PMID- 7229211 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationship of phenyl N-methylcarbamate inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 7229212 TI - Detoxification of jojoba meal by lactobacilli. PMID- 7229213 TI - Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Senecio alpinus L. and their detection in feedingstuffs. PMID- 7229214 TI - Some new observations on the pathways of formation of dimethylamine in fish muscle and liver. PMID- 7229215 TI - Identification of methionine-rich polypeptides in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed. PMID- 7229216 TI - In vitro digestibility and functional properties of chemically modified casein. PMID- 7229217 TI - Determination of folacin derivatives in selected foods by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7229218 TI - Fate of radioactive melengestrol acetate in the bovine. PMID- 7229219 TI - Oxidation of glutathione by hydrogen peroxide and other oxidizing agents. PMID- 7229220 TI - Storage stability of chlorinated phenols in urine. PMID- 7229221 TI - Relationship between nonprotein nitrogen and total nitrogen in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed. PMID- 7229222 TI - The relationship between air pollution and emergency room visits in an industrial community. PMID- 7229223 TI - Asthma treatment: a neglected option? PMID- 7229224 TI - Impaired tracheal mucus transport in allergic bronchoconstriction: effect of terbutaline pretreatment. AB - The transport velocity of mucus within the trachea, pulmonary resistance, and arterial blood gas composition were measured in intubated conscious sheep with Ascaris suum sensitivity before and during allergic bronchoconstriction. Inhalation of A. suum extract for 15 min increased mean pulmonary resistance significantly from 1.9 cm H2O . L-1 sec-1 to 5.1 cm H2O . L-1 sec-1 after 60 min and to 4.5 cm H2O . L-1 sec-1 after 120 min, while it decreased mean arterial PO2 from 85 to 59 and 53 mm Hg, respectively, without altering arterial PCO2 or pH. This was associated with a decrease in mean mucus velocity from 11.2 to 6.0 and 5.7 mm min-1, respectively. The decrease in mucus velocity was accompanied by endoscopically visible increases in the quantity of tracheal mucus. No alterations in mucus velocity or pulmonary resistance were observed in animals who inhaled a control antigen (ragweed) or breathed a mixture of 10% oxygen 90% nitrogen, which produced a mean arterial PO2 of 51 mm Hg. The administration of 0.25 mg terbutaline sulfate by subcutaneous injection prior to A. suum challenge prevented the changes in mucus velocity, pulmonary resistance, and arterial PO2. We conclude that the decreased mucus velocity in the trachea during antigen induced bronchoconstriction in conscious sheep is related to the allergic response, and can be prevented by the subcutaneous administration of terbutaline sulfate, a beta adrenergic agonists. This suggests that the protective effect of terbutaline sulfate in antigen-induced bronchoconstriction includes the effect on the associated impairment of mucociliary function. PMID- 7229226 TI - Dose dependence of Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy. AB - The clinical and immunologic efficacy of venom immunotherapy up to 50 micrograms maintenance doses (half the recommended dose) was examined in 23 patients with anaphylactic sensitivity to insect stings and is compared with that in two groups of patients treated with the full 100-micrograms recommended dose. Four of the 19 patients challenged with insect stings had mild systemic reactions not requiring treatment. This 79% clinical efficacy is significantly less than the 96% to 100% success achieved with treatment to full 100-micrograms maintenance doses. The venom-specific IgG antibody response to the 50-micrograms dose reached a level significantly lower than observed with 100 micrograms doses. We conclude that the clinical and immunologic responses to venom immunotherapy are dose dependent and are more reliably complete at the recommended maintenance dose of 100 micrograms of each venom than at a dose of 50 micrograms. PMID- 7229225 TI - Effects of ascorbic acid and indomethacin on the airways of healthy male subjects with and without induced bronchoconstriction. AB - We have investigated the effects of ascorbic acid (1.0 gm orally) and indomethacin (50 mg orally) on airway tone in the basal state in six health nonsmoking male adults. Airway tone was assessed from measurements of specific airway conductance and flow rates interpolated from partial expiratory flow volume curves by means of whole-body plethysmography and spirometry, respectively. Neither ascorbic acid nor indomethacin alone produced a significant change in basal tone. However, both the duration and intensity of the bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine aerosol (10 mg/ml for 30 sec) were significantly reduced by prior administration of ascorbic acid. This ameliorating action of ascorbic acid was blocked by ingestion of indomethacin. The results suggest that ascorbic acid exerts its effects by altering the production of a bronchodilator prostaglandin. PMID- 7229227 TI - Effect of an inhaled corticosteroid on methacholine airway reactivity. AB - Methacholine airway reactivity was studied in seven asthmatic patients before and at the end of 4 mo of beclomethasone dipropionate therapy, as well as in a control group. There was no statistically significant change in reactivity in either group, suggesting that a change in airway cholinergic receptor activity is not part of the mechanism of action of corticosteroids in asthma. PMID- 7229229 TI - Allergic reactions to enzymes used in plant cloning experiments. AB - We report a case of rhinitis and asthma resulting from exposure to enzymes used in an experimental plant pathology laboratory. Immediate skin-test responses were elicited to both "Cellulase" and "Macerozyme" products, and a large late onset skin reaction occurred at the Cellulase site beginning in 6 hr. Special radioallergosorbent test (RAST) substrates were prepared that showed a strong positive response to Cellulase. By the RAST method other laboratory workers were screened and another symptomatic individual was found who also showed evidence of type I hypersensitivity to both enzymes. Skin biopsy and immunodiffusion data are presented. We conclude that enzymes used to digest cell wall structures of plants are capable of eliciting both immediate and late onset skin-test reactions and positive RAST responses in susceptible persons. These reactions are thought to be mediated by IgE antibodies and can be associated with symptoms of rhinitis and asthma. PMID- 7229228 TI - Effect of theophylline on gastroesophageal reflux in normal adults. AB - In a randomized, double-blind manner, 15 normal adults were given a single oral loading dose of anhydrous theophylline (6.5 +/- 0.9 mg/kg) and nine normal adults were given placebo. All subjects were tested for serum theophylline levels, acid reflux (using intraesophageal pH probe), and lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) at 1.5, 4, and 8 hr after treatment. Of subjects with negative baseline acid reflux tests, eight of 13 (61.5%) given theophylline developed positive acid reflux tests compared with none of eight subjects given placebo. One of nine (11%) placebo subjects reported heartburn compared with 11 of 15 (73%) subjects given theophylline. The maximum mean percent change in LESP from baseline was +5.62 +/- 28.8% in the placebo group and -25.01 +/- 23.7% in the theophylline group (p = 0.01) at 4 hr after treatment. While only two of nine (22%) adults given placebo had at least a 14% reduction in LESP following treatment, all of the 15 subjects sustained a minimum of 14% relaxation in LESP. This study confirms that oral theophylline at therapeutic serum levels inhibits LESP and induces gastroesophageal reflux (GER) measured by acid reflux tests in most normal adults. PMID- 7229230 TI - Value of admission profile tests for prognosis in elderly patients. AB - In a series of 934 elderly patients admitted to the geriatric department of a general hospital, several admission laboratory tests were found to provide prognostic information. When tests were combined as a discriminant function, the matter of death or survival at six weeks after admission was predicted with 84 percent accuracy in women and 77 percent in men. Values for serum sodium, blood urea, triiodothyronine uptake, and hemoglobin contributed significantly to the prediction in both sexes, whereas the values for serum albumin and blood glucose contributed only in women. PMID- 7229231 TI - Evaluation of the clinical use of serum digoxin radioimmunoassays. AB - Of 2,586 consecutive patients admitted to a private general teaching hospital, 370 (14 percent) received digoxin therapy. Serum digoxin assays were performed on 261 of these 370 subjects. In a representative sample of 97 patients, 61 attending physicians were responsible for their care. The mean and median age of the patients was 70 years (range, 39-96 years), and one-quarter of them had a significant degree of renal impairment. Sixty-one percent of the patients were being treated for congestive heart failure (CHF), and the remainder for atrial fibrillation with or without CHF. Overall, 67 percent of the serum digoxin assays were judged to be appropriate, particularly those requested for evaluation of possible digitalis toxicity or the dosage in renal impairment, but only 43 percent of the assays used to assess maintenance therapy or the patient's compliance were deemed appropriate. A significant difference was found in the percentage of appropriate assays useful by the physicians, as compared to the percentage of inappropriate assays. Inappropriate serum digoxin assays cost about $30,000 annually in this 680-bed hospital. Stricter criteria for admission assays would eliminate much of this excessive usage. PMID- 7229232 TI - Clinical hypothyroidism in the elderly--a preventable disorder? AB - Among 27 ambulatory aged patients receiving thyroxine therapy for hypothyroidism, 4 had the "failing thyroid syndrome" (FTS) and 23 had frank clinical hypothyroidism. Patients with FTS are asymptomatic and the subnormal thyroid function is recognized only by a high level of serum thyrotropin (TSH) with a normal level of thyroid hormone (thyroxine or triiodothyronine). They require a smaller dosage of thyroid hormone for replacement initially. Identification of these cases through routine blood analyses for TSH in patients at risk (those with a history of Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis) may permit early treatment of incipient hypothyroidism and the prevention of clinical hypothyroidism. Since there is a reduction in the thyroxine dosage required for complete replacement with age, the expected final replacement dosage when the thyroid fails completely is less than that reported for younger adults. This is true for patients with FTS, for patients with newly diagnosed clinical hypothyroidism, and for patients with long-established hypothyroidism receiving replacement therapy. The thyroid replacement dosage should be adjusted both for age and for body weight to avoid overdosage and thyroid toxicity, to which the elderly are particularly sensitive. PMID- 7229233 TI - Perforated peptic ulcer in the elderly. AB - From 1973 through 1979, 32 patients over 60 years of age were admitted to the Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, because of a perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer. In many of them, the symptoms and physical findings were minimal. In abdominal roentgenograms (subject erect or supine), only 17 (60 percent) of these patients showed free intraperitoneal air. Among the 29 surgically treated patients, plication of the ulcer was performed in 28 and hemigastrectomy-vagotomy in one. The postoperative morbidity rate was 62 percent, and the mortality rate 17 percent. In 3 of the 32 patients, the diagnosis of perforated ulcer was established only at autopsy. Thus, failure to diagnose this condition accurately may be the principal cause of death in elderly patients with a perforated peptic ulcer. The increased use is recommended of contrast roentgenograms of the stomach and duodenum and of endoscopy, in an effort to improve diagnostic accuracy in dealing with perforated peptic ulcers. PMID- 7229234 TI - Transtracheal aspiration in the severely ill elderly patient with bacterial pneumonia. AB - Transtracheal aspiration was performed in 32 elderly hypoxic patients with bacterial pneumonia. No morbidity or mortality was associated with the procedure. Gram stains of the transtracheal aspirate provided rapid, accurate delineation of the etiologic pneumonic agent, and were particularly valuable in indicating mixed bacterial infections. These included 5 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae plus Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia. The safety and value of transtracheal aspiration in the severely ill elderly patient are discussed. PMID- 7229237 TI - Factors controlling oxygen tension under a hydrogel contact lens. AB - Corneal edema, folds in Descemet's membrane, and epithelial erosion may accompany hydrogel lens wear. These changes are often caused by corneal hypoxia and can therefore be prevented if the oxygen tension under the lens can be maintained above some critical level. THe two principal factors that control the oxygen tension under a contact lens are the diffusion of oxygen through the lens material (oxygen transmissibility) and the fractional replacement of freshly oxygenated tears under the lens occurring with each blink (tear pumping). Recent studies show that during hydrogel lens wear most oxygen reaches the cornea by diffusion and not by tear pumping. This suggests that if the oxygen level under the lens needs to be increased, the clinician must make changes directed at increasing oxygen transmissibility rather than attempting to increase the tear pump. PMID- 7229235 TI - Disinfection of hydrophilic lenses. AB - The cleaning and disinfection of hydrogel lenses has been discussed in the optometric literature by a number of authors. Although significant differences exist among authors regarding the disinfection method of choice, there is reasonable agreement that lenses that are carefully cleaned and rinsed are advantageous from the standpoint of both safety and lens longevity. Chemical disinfection with the soaking solution changed daily is a fail-safe method, while thermal disinfection may be less safe, perhaps due to ineffective lens case construction or thermal unit breakdown. PMID- 7229236 TI - Part I Clinical overview of the management and fitting of the extended wear patient. AB - With the advent of extended wear contact lenses, new potential benefits, risk and responsibilities have come into existence for contact lens patients and practitioners alike. Without a careful, thorough and systematic clinical approach, the practitioner will find himself experiencing only the pitfalls without enjoying the possible benefits. This paper will attempt to present such a clinical approach, emphasizing a deductive and holistic approach to extended wear lens fitting. Previous clinical and laboratory work will be reviewed as it pertains to this presentation. Through the use of a thorough case history and diagnostic evaluation, patients can be effectively screened and counseled as to their acceptability and selection into an extended wear lens program. Mutual patient and a doctor goals must be established and be compatible. Subsequent contact lens selection and patient management will be discussed as they relate to the fulfillment of these goals. Commonly found complications with extended wear of contact lenses will be reviewed as they pertain to both the lenses and the ocular structures. Methods of management of these complications will be discussed. PMID- 7229238 TI - Part II. Clinical evaluation of toric hydrophilic contact lenses. AB - Five toric hydrogel contact lenses have been approved for marketing by the FDA and several more await final approval in the near future. Clinical use of these special design lenses for correction of astigmatism has increased during the past year, improvements in lens design and fabrication are taking place, but problems remain. Analysis of the reasons for fitting failures show that lens quality and axis mislocation are the primary causes of lens performance failures. PMID- 7229239 TI - Alterations in apparent corneal oxygen uptake rate induced as a result of changes in the fit of hydrogel contact lenses. PMID- 7229240 TI - Oxygen and water. AB - The effects of water loss from four types of hydrophilic contact lenses on their oxygen transmission efficiencies to the cornea were quantified, and the clinical implications of such change, i.e., as under ambient wearing conditions, are discussed. PMID- 7229241 TI - Selecting an appropriate hydrogel lens care system. AB - The selection of the appropriate hydrogel lens care system must incorporate an understanding of the properties and actions of cleaning, disinfecting and rinsing solutions; the characteristics of the lens; and the ocular characteristics of the patient. When changes in a care system are required, reselection involves recognizing: the nature of adverse ocular responses; the nature of deposits; any changes in patient characteristics; the characteristics of potential new products. These factors are considered and used to create an approach to selecting the initial care system and to reselecting an alternate care system. PMID- 7229242 TI - Design criteria for a high plus soft contact lens that fulfills the oxygen needs of the cornea in the aphakic eye. AB - A soft contact lens can be designed that will satisfy simultaneously in an optimum manner the optical, mechanical, and physiological requirements of the aphakic eye. The relationship fo water content to both refractive index and oxygen transmissibility allows incorporation of the latter quantity into the equation for back vertex power. Starting with the patient's requirement of back vertex power, base curve, and optic zone diameter a contact lens is designed to be mechanically strong, by having minimum water content, and to supply sufficient oxygen for the cornea's needs. PMID- 7229243 TI - Clinical evaluation of the PolyconR 8.5 design. AB - A new contact lens design fabricated from the POLYCON(R) material was evaluated. The patient population were predominately successful and unsuccessful contact lens wearers. Successful wearing criteria were established in the protocol and the results were tabulated accordingly. The successfully fitted patients represented 90.4%. PMID- 7229244 TI - A comparison of different rigid contact lenses: edge thicknesses and contours. AB - The edge thickness and contour of rigid lenses is an important factor in lens comfort and acceptance. In this study the edges of two CAB lenses, a PMMA silicone combination lens, a pure silicone lens had standard PMMA lenses are evaluated by molding the lenses. Considerable variation in thickness and contour of the peripheral portion of the lenses were found. PMID- 7229245 TI - Adverse reaction to painkiller in hydrogel lens wearer. PMID- 7229246 TI - The anatomical relationships of the first metatarsophalangeal joint: a cryomicrotomy study. PMID- 7229247 TI - Limb dominance: its relationship to foot length. PMID- 7229248 TI - A review of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. PMID- 7229249 TI - Congenital polydactyly with polymetatarsia in a ten-month-old child: a case report. PMID- 7229250 TI - Nonsurgical removal of dystrophic nails utilizing urea ointment occlusion. PMID- 7229251 TI - Neurilemmoma of a digit: a case report. PMID- 7229253 TI - Degrees Celsius, not centigrade. PMID- 7229252 TI - Solitary neurofibroma of the foot: a case report. PMID- 7229254 TI - The last: heart of the shoe. PMID- 7229255 TI - An analysis of the tailor's bunion by radiographic and anatomical display. PMID- 7229256 TI - Local sympathectomy of the foot: a quantitative analysis. PMID- 7229257 TI - Experience in delivering ambulatory surgical services. PMID- 7229258 TI - Arteriovenous fistula of the lower extremity: a case study. PMID- 7229259 TI - Frostbite: a review and case study. PMID- 7229260 TI - A graduate public health program for podiatric medicine: final results and recommendations. PMID- 7229261 TI - Sickle cell osteonecrosis simulating osteomyelitis: a case report. PMID- 7229262 TI - Nail involvement in Darier's disease: a case report. PMID- 7229263 TI - Resolution of thiol-containing proteins by sequential-elution covalent chromatography. AB - Elution of complex protein mixtures on a matrix containing reactive disulphide bonds (Thiopropyl-Sepharose 6B, Pharmacia) results in immobilisation of thiol containing molecules. Specific protein fractions can be displaced from the gel using different low-molecular-weight reducing agents. Thus a single sequential elution can separate and resolve thiol-containing proteins in a rapid and convenient step. The method is illustrated with reference to beef liver thiol : disulphide oxidoreductases. PMID- 7229264 TI - Analysis of progress curves in enzyme kinetics: bias and convergent set in the differential and in the integral method. AB - Two problems encountered in the analysis of progress curves are examined: 1. Systematic deviations due to errors in the initial solute concentrations make the least-squares method unsuitable. The improvements accomplished by the introduction of a proper weighting matrix are investigated. 2. Non-linear parameter optimization implies a dependence of the optimized parameters on their initial estimates, due to the existence of multiple minima. It is shown that the sensitivity of the optimized parameters on the initial estimates is reduced by fitting the slopes of the progress curves. A subsequent fit of the original progress curve data is recommended for refinement of the parameters. PMID- 7229265 TI - [Hydatid cysts of the orbit: clinical aspects and treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Hydatid cysts of the orbit are relatively rare lesions. They usually present as a tumoral exophthalmia but may have a pseudo-malignant appearance. Diagnosis is based essentially on a needle puncture during the initial stages of the operation after dissecting out the tumor, the liquid obtained having a typical spring-water appearance. Treatment is surgical but complete extirpation of the cyst is not attempted, the proligerous membrane being ablated after applying formation to the cyst cavity. The approach is neurosurgical for tumors of the retrobulbar cone, and by Rollet's subaponeurotic for other localizations. Systematic puncture during the initial operative stage on orbital tumors is suggested in countries where hydatid disease is endemic. PMID- 7229266 TI - [Clinical aspects and course of Adamantiades-Behcet disease in Tunisia: a report on 41 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical aspects and course of Behcet's disease in Tunisia are discussed. This affection is of frequent occurrence and should be systematically searched for in all patients with uveitis. Ocular manifestations are observed in 95 p. cent of cases. These are characterized by their polymorphic nature and the diagnosis should be suspected in cases with uveitis, periphlebitis, venous thrombosis, vitreous hemorrhage, congestive glaucoma, or macular edema. The characteristic signs of the disease appear over an extended period of time, making definite diagnosis difficult, but early, vigorous therapy is necessary to ensure a favorable prognosis. PMID- 7229267 TI - [Contribution to investigation of leprosy ocular disease in madagascar (author's transl)]. AB - 250 leprous from National Leprosery of Manankavaly (distant of 30 km from Tananarive) were examined. Among them, 31 patients present ocular disease which occur with that of leper isn't accurately known. Conjuntival reactions as prickling, watering of the eyes with inability to assimilate wind light constitute initial symptoms. Cataract is exceptional (only one case); but we point out; first the superiority of "uveal tractus" disease with 32% of rate; then, the frequency of deep of interstitial keratitis (35%). These lesions are and seem to evolute freely in spite of Iper therapeutic and its stabilisation. So cured of leprosy patients two sided may come back because of the increasing of their ocular sickness. Due to lesion of anterior segment, eye fundus is difficult to analyse, but nervous disease may exist on optical papilla, considering the disproportion between the degrees of uveitis and sight alteration. Researching hansen Bacillus and other germs responsible of eye lesions, we sampled secretions of conjonctiva. We haven't anatome-pathological results because of failure of enucleated eye-ball. Leprosy ocular disease invariably end in blindness by eye ball atrophy. PMID- 7229268 TI - [Ocular lesions in lepromatous leprosy (author's transl)]. AB - Ocular lesions observed in III cases of lepromatous or borderline leprosy are described. Tables are included which indicate the visual acuity, corneal sensitivity, and lesions noted in the appendages. Particular attention is paid to lesions in the pars plana, which include true posterior cyclitis having the appearance of "ants eggs" or "pearls" deposits on the retina, associated with vascular lesions and peripheral hyalitis. The absence of associated mucular edema is strongly emphasized. The etiopathogenicity of lesions of this type is probably directly related to leprous erythema nodosum. Detailed studies should be conducted on the chronological stages of these affections and their subsequent progression. PMID- 7229269 TI - [Surgical operation of the trabeculum without a microscope (author's transl)]. AB - For the first time the authors report about 29 surgical operations on the trabeculum corneoscleral carried out without operation-microscope in Central Africa. Four trabeculotomies of glaucoma chromium simplex were operated with a rate of success of only 50%, and 11 trabeculotomies of congenital glaucoma were operated with carried on with a pair of self-made trabeculotoms; the seven following operations with the trabeculutoms by Sourdille and Paufique. Because only magnifying spectacles were available for the operations besides good lighting and simple instruments, a method of diaphanoscopy was developed, which facilitated the search of the canal of Schlemm. Fourteen trabeculectomies of glaucoma chronicum simplex, among them 3 in combination with the intracapsular cryoextraction of the lens, were successful in 85% of all cases in regard of the regulation of pressure. The good results encourage us to recommend these methods for a wide use in Africa, to preserve the visual power of many patients who can't be treated here by the modern technics with microscope. PMID- 7229271 TI - [Organization of the campaign against blindness in French-speaking tropical Africa]. PMID- 7229270 TI - [The study of Touggourt, a proposition for the large scale discovery of chronic glaucoma by examination of the optic disc (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229272 TI - [18 years of ambulatory ophthalmological assistance in the former French Sahara (1944-1962)]. PMID- 7229273 TI - [Pigmentary glaucoma and exfoliative glaucoma syndrome]. PMID- 7229274 TI - Age-related changes in the catecholamine content of peripheral organs in male and female F344 rats. AB - Norepinephrine levels of old and young F344 rats of both sexes were compared in several organs that receive sympathetic innervation. In addition, both norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in the adrenal medulla of young and old rats were determined. A rationale was developed for making age-related comparisons of the catecholamine content in peripheral organs which accounted for age-related changes in organ weight and body weight. It was found that norepinephrine concentrations were decreased for old male rats in heart auricles. In contrast, in old female rats there were no age-related changes in the catecholamine content of any peripheral organ. PMID- 7229275 TI - Changes of aging parameters among rats on diets differing in fat quantity and quality. AB - Portion rats in a life span study were fed three diets which differed in the quantity and quality of total fats but were supplied in calorically equal amounts. In an attempt to comparing aging rates, we used a combination of tests involving different organ systems. This holistic approach to measuring aging included the assessment of changes in multifactorially regulated systems of glucose homeostasis and oxygen consumption; changes in tension responses of the extracellular protein collagen and accumulation of lipofuscin pigment in adrenal glands were also measured. Glucose tolerance and oxygen consumption changed in age largely as expected and there were no consistent differences between the aging rates for the three different diets. Accumulation of the intracellular aging pigment lipofuscin and the breaking time of tail tendons also showed the expected increases with increasing age. Dietary differences were noted with the 2 year-old rats consuming the low fat stock diet showing the greatest accumulation of lipofuscin and the longest tail tendon breaking times. PMID- 7229276 TI - The relationship of menopausal hot flushes to medical and reproductive experience. AB - Information regarding the relationship of menopausal hot flushes to menstrual, reproductive and clinical events were obtained from women participating in a case control study of breast cancer risk. Naturally menopausal women who reported the occurrence of menopausal hot flushes were compared with those without such complaints in an attempt to identify factors that might predict the occurrence of menopausal symptoms. Two-thirds of the women reported such symptoms. The symptomatic and asymptomatic groups did not differ in body weight, suggesting that extraglandular estrogen production in obese women does not protect against occurrence of menopausal symptoms. Neither past medical nor reproductive history were predictive of the occurrence of hot flushes. Women with hot flushes more commonly reported the occurrence of menstrual cycle variability and of long menstrual cycles during the 5 years before menopause. Since perimenopausal cycle variability probably reflects the irregular maturation of residual ovarian follicles accompanied by elevated gonadotropin concentrations, symptomatic women may have earlier activation of the neuroendocrine mechanism that has been associated with both pulsatile gonadotropin release and the hot flush. PMID- 7229277 TI - Age and diabetes effects on threshold and hedonic perception of sucrose solutions. AB - This study explored the relationship of age and diabetes to the threshold and perception of the hedonic qualities of sucrose solutions. A significant increase in threshold beginning in the eighth decade was observed. Diabetic persons did not differ significantly in the threshold for sucrose from nondiabetic subjects. Younger individuals tended to judge suprathreshold solutions as sweeter than older persons. Results from pleasantness ratings were less clear but could be taken to imply that the younger, more recently diagnosed diabetic would find it more difficult to stay on a restricted diet necessary for the control of diabetes than would the older diabetic. PMID- 7229278 TI - Age-related changes in processing explicit and implicit language. AB - After reading short prose passages, older (M = 66.5 years) and younger (M = 18.3 years) adults verified the meaning of a test sentence which represented either a paraphrase or an inference from the preceding passage. There were no age differences in accuracy of verification performance with immediate testing, but older subjects made significantly more errors on a delayed test. Verification latency was longer for inference than paraphrase test sentences for both age groups, and older subjects were slower than younger for both types of information. There was no evidence for a selective deficit in processing implicit versus explicit meaning. It was concluded that older persons may be deficient in the retention of meaningful information, but that this deficit is not based on an inability to comprehend linguistic meaning. PMID- 7229279 TI - Adult age differences on traditional and practical problem-solving measures. AB - Eighty-four adults between the ages of 20 and 79 were presented with two types of problem-solving tasks. One was a task that is typically used in problem-solving research and the other was a task composed of practical problems that adults might encounter in their daily lives. Performance on the two types of tasks exhibited different developmental functions across age. Performance on the traditional problem-solving task decreased linearly across the page while performance on the practical problems increased to a peak in the 40- and 50-year old groups and decreased thereafter. The results indicate that the developmental function obtained for problem-solving during the adult years depends on the type of problems that are presented. While performance on the abstract type of problems typically employed in research may decrease with age during the adult years, performance on practical problems may exhibit a different relationship with age. PMID- 7229280 TI - Training older adult free recall rehearsal strategies. AB - Three groups of older adults (mean age 72.1 years) were compared on a free recall task with categorizable lists. The nine females and two males in each group were instructed to rehearse overtly while studying. A group instructed to rehearse by category showed higher levels of free recall and category organization than either a control group instructed only to remember or a group instructed to rehearse actively at study. Strategy instructed subjects' rehearsal was organized serially early in a list and then categorically organized for the remainder of a list. Activity instructed subjects showed a high number of same-item repetitions but adopted no clear pattern of strategic category rehearsal. Control subjects' rehearsal was essentially inactive and nonstrategic, mainly consisting of single mentions of each list item and an associate. These data show that older adults' memory performance is modifiable and that efficient performance is obtained when instructional training is aimed at the processes that are crucial to task performance. Direct strategy measures, such as those used as here, yield important information about the processes underlying age differences in memory and can aid greatly in the design of training aimed at exploring older adult potential. PMID- 7229281 TI - Effects of age on long-term memory: retention of fixed interval responding. AB - Retention of the FI scallop was studied in 6-, 12-, and 26-month-old albino rats. The rats were trained over an 8 day period to bar press for food reinforcement on an FI 60 sec schedule. A 16 day retention interval followed acquisition. The retention test consisted of a single 60 min session identical to the acquisition phase. The results showed that while the bar press response was retained by all age groups, the older, 26-month-old rats forgot not to bar press immediately following reinforcement. The FI scallop of the 26-month-old rats was considerably flatter than that of the 6-month-old group and was significantly different from their performance on the last day of acquisition. It was argued that the failure of the 26-month-old rats to produce the appropriate pattern of bar pressing may have been due to the relative paucity of external retrieval cues relevant to recall of the pattern of responding established during acquisition. PMID- 7229282 TI - Loneliness in the Swedish aged. AB - Feelings of loneliness in relation to disease, handicaps, social network and social background were studied in a representative sample of 1,007 70-year-old people living in Goteborg, Sweden. The results showed that loneliness was a problem to 24% of the women and 12% of the men. The study allowed a detailed analysis of the association between feelings of loneliness and health, disabilities due to other than medical reasons, consumption of social and medical service, social contacts, cognitive functioning and personality traits. The most important factors related to the feeling of loneliness were the loss of spouse, depression of mood and lack of friends. The lonely had a negative self-assessment of health and consumed more out-patient care, social welfare help and sedatives. The higher consumption of medical service and/or social care was, however, not associated with a higher prevalence of definable somatic disease or handicaps. PMID- 7229284 TI - Age, birth cohorts, and drinking: an illustration of the hazards of inferring effects from cohort data. AB - The ambiguity of many sets of cohort data is illustrated by cohort data on drinking alcoholic beverages from American national surveys conducted during the late 1950s, late 1960s, and late 1970s. Although the data approximate the pattern predicted by pure linear cohort effects, examination of "side information" reveals that they are likely to reflect positive period effects offset from one date to the next by negative age effects. Researchers are cautioned that all available "side information" should be considered before statistical cohort models are tested. Some researchers have tried to use tests of statistical models to answer questions which must be answered before appropriate statistical tests can be applied. PMID- 7229283 TI - Socialization to violence among the aged. AB - This paper addresses the issue of the attitudinal consequences of fear and victimization by focusing on the degree to which people of different ages expresses approval of violent behavior. It is our argument that the experience of victimization socializes the individual to a view as constituting an effective strategy for resolving interpersonal conflict. Data from a national sample of the noninstitutionalized adult population of the United States support this argument, at least for respondents under 60. Older people are less likely to be victims of crime than younger persons, more likely to report fear of crime, and more disapproving of violent behavior. Older victims, however, do not evidence the same attitudinal response as younger victims. Younger victims are generally less disapproving of violence than youthful non-victims; the difference between older victims and non-victims, however, is in the opposite direction. This finding is explained as a specific instance of the lesser impact across the life cycle of period effects on attitudes. PMID- 7229285 TI - Family extension and the elderly: economic, demographic, and family cycle factors. AB - This paper reports on the results of applying a multivariate regression model of living arrangements choices to census data on the 1970 U. S. population of nonmarried, nonparenting adults. The model examines the factors affecting living with (1) relatives or (2) living alone or with nonrelatives. These factors include sex, income, marital history, and age. In addition, the model tests whether living arrangements choices differ for the elderly relative to other ages. The analysis shows that higher income, the experience of divorce, and being male are all associated with a higher probability of nonfamily living. Widowhood has the same effect, but only for women. The central finding, however, is that there is no special role for the elderly in living arrangements choices. PMID- 7229286 TI - The birth of a syndrome, or carpal tunnel revisited. PMID- 7229287 TI - Distraction-fixation in the primary treatment of metacarpal bone loss. AB - Nine patients seen in civilian practice with severe open injuries of the hand, including loss of portions of some or all of the metacarpals, were treated by primary restoration of metacarpal length and alignment by distraction-fixation with the use of transverse intermetacarpal Kirschner wires. An external fixation device was added in two of the nine patients. Severe associated soft tissue injuries were present in all but one patient. Two injuries were caused by firearms, and the other seven by heavy machinery. Contractures of the joints were prevented by the use of a second set of wires to position the metacarpophalangeal joints in 70 degrees of flexion and the first metacarpal in abduction and pronation. Staged closure of wounds by local or distant flaps and secondary reconstructions by bone, nerve, and tendon grafts or transfers were necessary in all and required an average of almost 2 years until treatment was completed. All except the one child and the one most recently injured patient have returned to employment or vocational retraining. Follow-up was 24 to 78 months from injury. PMID- 7229288 TI - Trapezium implant arthroplasty. Long-term evaluation of 150 cases. AB - Arthritis of the joints at the base of the thumb can be painful and severely disabling, interfering with normal functional activity. The trapezium implant, which acts as a replacement for the removed pathologic bone, must have certain features if it is to be tolerated by the host tissue and be stable and durable. Implant resection arthroplasty of the trapezium, with careful correction of other associated deformities, has resulted in long-term, excellent functional and cosmetic results in this group of cases. PMID- 7229289 TI - Extrusion of the proximal interphalangeal joint--case report. PMID- 7229290 TI - Functional hand reconstruction in the whistling-face syndrome. PMID- 7229291 TI - Prolonged refrigeration in toe-to-hand transfer--case report. PMID- 7229292 TI - The triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist--anatomy and function. AB - The anatomy and function of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) of the wrist was studied through anatomic dissections and biomechanical testing of 61 specimens. The TFCC was found to be a homogenous structure composed of, but not dissectable into, the articular disc, the dorsal and volar radioulnar ligaments, the meniscus homologue, the ulnar collateral ligament, and the sheath of the extensor carpi ulnaris. The TFCC was found to be perforated in 53% of specimens dissected, and all of the wrists with a demonstrable perforation showed evidence of damage or erosion of the cartilage of the lunate and/or distal ulna. Biomechanical studies suggest that the TFCC functions both as a cushion for the ulnar carpus and as a major stabilizer of the distal radioulnar joint. Perforations of the TFCC can result in the ulna-lunate abutment and cartilage erosion. Since excision of the TFCC may lead to ulnolunate abutment, chronic wrist pain, and/or instability of the distal radioulnar joint, it is not recommended. PMID- 7229293 TI - Staged groin flap in reconstruction of the pediatric hand. PMID- 7229294 TI - Chronic sprains of the carpometacarpal joints. AB - The relatively rigid second and third carpometacarpal joints provide stability for the cantilevered metacarpals of the index and middle fingers, about which the thumb and ulnar metacarpals move, providing spatial adaptation for grasping objects. Although seldom recognized, sprains of the carpometacarpal joints as part of a range of injury which includes subluxations, dislocations, and fractures are apparently common. The entity known as carpe bossu also may be related. The second and third carpometacarpal joints are more susceptible to injury in palmar flexion than in dorsiflexion. The sprain may be acute or chronic. Severe swelling over the carpometacarpal area, with tenderness and weakness without significant roentgenographic findings, is suggestive of the acute sprain, which generally responds to immobilization. The chronic sprain is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. Point tenderness of one or more carpometacarpal joints, a palpable laxity, and crepitus with manipulation are seen as physical findings, in decreasing order of frequency. Lidocaine, 0.5 ml, injected directly into the joint offers dramatic relief. If conservative measures are insufficient, arthrodesis of the joint is relatively simple, symptomatically reliable, and functionally uncompromising, especially of the second and third rays. PMID- 7229295 TI - Factors related to the outcome of surgically managed compressive ulnar neuropathy at the elbow level. AB - Forty-eight of 59 patients who had undergone initial and no secondary treatment of compressive ulnar neuropathy at the level of the elbow during the period of January, 1968, to December, 1977, were reviewed by personal follow-up examination. Cubital tunnel decompression and anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve gave equal results as to the relief of pain and dysesthesia. However, anterior subcutaneous transposition gave better total relief of paresthesias and better return of intrinsic muscle function than did cubital tunnel decompression. Submuscular transposition was not evaluated in this study. The presence of intraoperative intraneural fibrosis or preoperative intrinsic muscle weakness were factors associated with a poor result. Prolonged duration of symptoms and advanced age were relative factors associated with a poor outcome. The presence of preoperative pain, paresthesias, or a widened two-point discrimination had no association with the eventual outcome. PMID- 7229296 TI - Complete dislocation of the trapezium (multangulum majus). PMID- 7229297 TI - Free transfer of a large sensory flap from the first web space and dorsum of the foot including the second toe for reconstruction of a mutilated hand. AB - A 19-year-old man sustained a mutilating crush injury in August, 1978, in an 80 ton punch press. The injury resulted in transmetacarpal amputations of the index through little fingers. The thumb was revascularized by microvascular anastomoses. The replanted index to the little finger position failed. A free transfer of the patient's second toe to the fifth metacarpal was done to provide a post to oppose the thumb. The first web space of the toe was used in expanding the contracted single cleft of the hand. The innervated dorsal foot flap provided coverage for the dorsal surface of the hand. Anatomically, the entire composite transfer was supported by the dorsalis pedis artery anastomosed to the radial artery. The nerve sutures were between the plantar digital nerves and sensory fascicles of the median nerve and the deep peroneal to the dorsal branch of the radial. The extensor and flexor tendons were also repaired. This procedure differs from the neurovascular island transfer of the first web described by Strauch and Tsur by inclusion of the second toe in the free transfer. PMID- 7229298 TI - Competition in the provision of dental services-impacts on providers and consumers: an introduction. PMID- 7229299 TI - A full-price approach to the dental market: implications for price determination. AB - Policy initiated in the 1970s follows the contention that competitive forces do not work and new types of regulation are warranted. This article presents an expanded demand-supply theory introducing patient waiting time as a component of full price. Equilibrium is reached through adjustments in both fee levels and waiting time. Competitive markets require unequal fee levels among providers in the same community and differing provider-to-population ratios across communities. The evidence from dentistry presented supports this expanded theory. Fees and waiting time are inversely related and full price is apparently insensitive to dentist density. Communities seeking higher fees and shorter waits attract more dentists per capita. Two additional studies cited further support this expanded approach. Patient waiting time is an important component of price. PMID- 7229300 TI - State Dental practice acts: implications for competition. AB - This article analyzes the effects of state dental practice acts on competition in the market for dental services. Three types of practice act provisions are examined: (1) restraints on advertising and soliciting of patients; (2) limits on scope of practice and number of dental hygienists per dentist; and (3) restrictions on the form of organization and ownership of dental practices. The empirical results suggest that limits on number of offices per dentist and absence of reciprocal licensing arrangements are associated with higher fees and net incomes among dentists. Restraints on number of hygienists per dentist are positively associated with dental fees, but not with net income. Restrictions on commercial advertising are related to the higher net income, but not fees. There is no significant intercorrelation among the various practice act provisions. The analysis concludes with a discussion policy implications for competition in dentistry and a suggestion that practice act changes are both a cause and an effect of the general metamorphosis observed in the dental market place. The potential indirect effects of national health insurance and altered reimbursement policy are discussed. PMID- 7229301 TI - Pricing dental services: a market testing approach. AB - Evidence from the economics literature is examined with reference to whether prices of dental services tend to equal or exceed production costs, and whether dentists may be characterized as price-takers or price-setters. Ability to generalize from the methods and conceptualization of costs is important in evaluating the evidence. Dentists appear to act as price-takers, but market prices remain greater than production costs. Conditions sufficient to produce a fully competitive result are apparently lacking in the dental services market. PMID- 7229302 TI - The implications of foreign dental coverage for U.S. National Health Insurance. AB - Although foreign experience with public medical insurance has played an important role in U.S. policy debates, little attention has been paid to foreign dental benefits. This article examines principally the experience of four countries: New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Sweden and Canada. The most common dental benefit considered for U.S. national health insurance has been coverage for children. Foreign dental programs for children are evaluated in four main areas: quality, cost, access, and disease prevention. In New Zealand, and in parts of the systems in the other three countries, dental nurses treat children in the schools. The quality of care they provide is found comparable to that provided by dentists, and the estimated and experienced costs of such treatment are often considerably lower than when dentists provide it. Access is a serious problem for children's programs that simply provide private office benefits without any additional means of encouraging participation; those who fail to use the system come disproportionately from low income, poorly educated families. The problem can be overcome by school-based treatment or possibly by inspections at school followed by assiduous contact of parents. None of the systems appears to instill in patients a life-long concern for dental health. Dental benefits for adults are provided in Sweden and the U.K.; in the latter, where such care has been provided for thirty years, there has been little problem controlling the overall cost of the system and some apparent impact on dental health, yet overall utilization rates have remained modest, with the poor participating far less than those better off. Raising adult utilization rates remains an elusive goal, even at a theoretical level. PMID- 7229303 TI - Cancer: myth or reality. PMID- 7229304 TI - Work force policy perspectives: registered nurses. AB - If the decline in full-time labor force participation by registered nurses in hospitals is to be reversed, the issue of equal pay for comparable work must be addressed. Under pressure for cost containment, policies tend to focus on labor force economics rather than on limitations of services. While the two are interrelated, wage policies must be considered independently. This article describes the network which determines how nurse salaries are set: the relationship between the private sector, the general schedule and the Veteran's Administration. The effects of this system are documented, using testimony from a case in the tenth circuit, as well as comparisons with other reference groups: policemen, teachers, laborers, and VA career fields. The evidence suggests that there is a need for policy intervention. Prime areas for action are the comparability practices by governments, particularly in the areas of classification standards and pay setting. Hospital personnel practices which continue past effects of occupational segregation also should be changed. PMID- 7229305 TI - A critique of market reform in health care: the "Consumer-Choice Health Plan". AB - Government intervention in health care, as in other areas, is generally justified on the basis of market failure (deviations from the perfectly competitive model) and merit wants. Such intervention has usually taken the form of regulatory programs. Lately, a number of analysts have suggested that such programs are defective and have recommended several policies designed to establish the conditions for a competitive market in health care. Alain Enthoven's Consumer Choice Health Plan (CCHP), combines many of the elements of market reform and, as such, provides an opportunity to examine the overall approach. This article describes and criticizes the plan's underlying analysis, theory, ability to control rising health care costs, and implementation problems, and questions the political foundation of market reform. PMID- 7229306 TI - Financial viability of community health centers. AB - Local public officials have become greatly concerned about the impact of the continued demand for local subsidies for outpatient programs. This article examines two basic obstacles to the fiscal viability of inner city ambulatory programs, management practices and reimbursement policies. Findings are presented with respect to the relative importance of these obstacles and options are developed for the reform of existing subsidy programs. PMID- 7229307 TI - Field evaluation of (Z)-9-tricosene, a sex-attractant pheromone in bait combination for the control of houseflies in Gazipur dairy area Delhi, (India). PMID- 7229308 TI - Stochastic approach to the estimation of infective force and malaria parasite incidence rate in infants from longitudinal data. PMID- 7229310 TI - Cellular and humoral immune response in human beings vaccinated with rabies vaccine. PMID- 7229309 TI - Epidemiological study of scabies and community control. PMID- 7229312 TI - Isolation of Salmonellae from wall lizards and non agglutinating vibrios from frogs. PMID- 7229313 TI - Clinical profile of intestinal helminthic infections from eastern parts of India. PMID- 7229314 TI - Surveillance of cholera at Alwar, Rajasthan. PMID- 7229311 TI - Complement fixing antigen in rabies. V. Effect of bacteriostatic agents on its stability. PMID- 7229315 TI - Serology of arboviral infections in cases of pyrexia of unknown origin. PMID- 7229317 TI - Laboratory observations on the ovipositional preferences of Anopheles annularis. PMID- 7229316 TI - Prevalence of intestinal parasites in a special camp in Tripura. PMID- 7229318 TI - Inorganic elements in the adults of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae). PMID- 7229319 TI - Threonine and serine dehydratase activity in the buffalo liver-fluke Fasciola indica. AB - Serine dehydratase was found to be five times more active than threonine dehydratase in the liver-fluke Fasciola indica. The latter was not affected by L isoleucine. Optimum pH for both enzymes was found to be 9.0 in tris-universal buffer. Seven metallic ions tested did not accelerate the enzyme activity, but produced different effects on two enzymes. Two different enzymes probably exist for the two aminoacids, L-threonine and L-serine. PMID- 7229320 TI - Effect of high doses of gamma-irradiation on growth of Hymenolepis diminuta. PMID- 7229321 TI - Anticestode activity of 3,5-dibromo-2'-chlorosalicylanilide-4'-isothiocyanate--a preliminary report. PMID- 7229323 TI - Taeniasis, cysticercosis and echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Nigeria: II- prevalence of bovine and porcine cysticercosis, and hydatid disease in slaughtered food animals based on retrospective analysis of abattoir records. AB - A retrospective analysis of slaughterhouse records during the pre-veterinary organized meat inspection era (before 1970) for cysticercosis and hydatidosis in food animals showed that parasitic cysts were documented but not identified and that the numbers of slaughtered animal species harbouring various parasitic cysts were not recorded. Since the various parasites which the meat inspectors observed were not identified, the prevalence of species encountered could not be determined. An analysis of abattoir records during the veterinary meat inspection era showed that Cysticercus bovis and C. cellulosae infections were documented in cattle and pigs respectively. Moreover, hydatid cysts were detected in cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and camels. The data obtained from this survey cannot be wholly relied upon as accurate, but it can be used as a baseline for the proper evaluation of the status of these zoonotic parasitic diseases in future co ordinated researches. PMID- 7229322 TI - Taeniasis, cysticercosis and echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Nigeria: I--prevalence of human taeniasis, cysticercosis and hydatidosis based on a retrospective analysis of hospital records. AB - A retrospective analysis of hospital records in 3 ecological zones of Nigeria was carried out to ascertain the prevalence of human taeniasis, cysticercosis and hydatidosis. The prevalence of Taenia infection in Sudan, Bauchi Plateau and Northern Guinea zones was 0.9%, 0.6% and 0.6%, respectively. The prevalence of human taeniasis by age and sex in the 3 ecological zones indicates that males were more often infected. Because males by habit eat more "suya" (half-grilled beef) than females, they are more likely to be exposed to Taenia saginata cysts. As for age factor, Taenia infection was more common up to the age of 40. Human hydatidosis was recorded only once in the Sudan zone and was not recorded at all in the Northern Guinea and Bauchi zones. Human cysticercosis was not documented in any of the three ecological zones covered by the survey. It is suspected that the low prevalence or the non-documentation of some of these diseases is due to poor diagnostic facilities and inefficient disease-recording system. PMID- 7229324 TI - Taeniasis, cysticercosis and echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Nigeria: IV- prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infection in stray dogs. AB - Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786; Rudolphi, 1801) infections in stray dogs were recorded in the Sudan and Northern Guinea zones at a prevalence rate of 6.2% and 1.2% respectively. The parasite was not recorded in any stray dog obtained from the Bauchi Plateau zone, although fewer dogs were examined from this zone. The high prevalence of echinococcosis in dogs reported in the Sudan zone bears a true epidemiological relationship with the high prevalence of cystic hydatidosis recorded for slaughtered livestock within the same locality. There is therefore a strong possibility of a high rate of faecal contamination of the environments under consideration with Echinococcus eggs, which places the human population at a high risk. PMID- 7229325 TI - Helminth parasites of wild cats in north-east Scotland. AB - Three cestode species, namely Taenia taeniaeformis Batsch, 1786, Taenia pisiformis (Bloch, 1780) and Mesocestoides litteratus (Batsch, 1786) and one nematode species, Toxocara cati Schrank, 1788, were found in wild cats collected in Grampian region, Scotland. Of the 41 cats examined, 25 were Felis silvestris, 12 were feral Felis catus and four were hybrids of F. silvestris and F. catus. PMID- 7229326 TI - Some quantitative characters used in the identification of Taenia hydatigena, T. ovis, T. pisiformis and t. multiceps adult worms, and T. multiceps metacestodes. AB - Measurements were made of gravid worm lengths, scolex diameter, rostellum diameter, sucker diameter, and large and small rostellar hooks of adult Taenia hydatigena, T. multiceps, T. ovis and T. pisiformis obtained from dogs in North Wales. Values recorded agreed closely with published values. None of these characters could be used to differentiate reliably between the species except that, of the worms examined, those with large rostellar hooks greater than 228 microns were T. pisiformis and those with large hooks less than 168 microns were T. multiceps. The range of hook lengths of the different species overlapped considerably. Reliable identification required examination of mature proglottis morphology of specimens which were relaxed before fixation. Relaxed mature proglottides often showed a characteristic shape. Lengths of rostellar hooks of scolices from T. multiceps coenuri followed the same frequency distribution as adult worm books. A strong correlation was shown between coenurus volume and the number of scolices on the coenurus membrane, with a poor correlation between coenurus age and volume. PMID- 7229327 TI - Studies on Onchocerca tarsicola Bain and Schulz-Key, 1974 in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in northern Finland. AB - A survey revealed that Onchocerca tarsicola Bain & Schulz-Key, 1974 is a widespread parasite among reindeer in northern Finland. Of 407 animals studied from 12 reindeer herds, 124 (30.5%) were infected. There was a marked difference in infection levels between different reindeer herds and the frequency as well as the intensity of infection was highest in old animals whereas the parasites were rare in yearlings. PMID- 7229328 TI - Studies on amphistomiasis in Andhra Pradesh (India) VI. Immunization of lambs and kids with gamma irradiated metacercariae of Cercariae indicae XXVI. AB - The life span and the pathogenicity of amphistomes developing from Cercariae indicae XXVI (Paramphistomum epicilitum) were considerably reduced when the metacercariae were gamma-irradiated at 2 krad or 3 krad. The higher irradiation dose resulted in the complete absence of the flukes in infected animals. Single vaccination of lambs and kids with 3000 metacercariae irradiated at 2 krad or 3 krad stimulated a significant degree of resistance against challenge with 5000 non-irradiated metacercariae. The resistance was more pronounced in the group vaccinated with metacercariae irradiated at 3 krad. PMID- 7229329 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: changes in the rate of tyrosine uptake by unisexual females after stimulation by males and male extracts. AB - The rate of uptake of H3 tyrosine by unisexual females in vitro was accelerated by 22% when male worm extract was added to the culture medium. Pairing of unisexual females with mature male worms in vitro resulted in a similar acceleration of H3 tyrosine uptake. As tyrosine is avidly taken up by the vitelline gland for the formation of egg shell protein the change in the rate of H3 tyrosine uptake can be employed as a sensitive quantitative criterion for assessing its development following stimulation. PMID- 7229330 TI - Six platyhelminths from Malaysian reptiles including Paradistomoidella cerberi n.g., n.sp. (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae). AB - Paradistomoidella cerberi n.g., n.sp. and Paracanthostomum cerberi from Cerberus rhynchops, Xenopharynx pyriformis and Allopharynx mehrai from Ptyas korros, Neopronocephalus orientalis from Geoemyda spinosa, and Duthiersia expansa from Varanus salvator are all reported from the area of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Paradistomoidella cerberi most closely resembles members of Paradistomoides but is characterized by relatively short caeca, a cirrus sac containing a bipartite rather than sinous internal seminal vesicle, and unevenly-sized suckers. Kuala Lumpur is a new locality for Paracanthostomum cerberi, X. pyriformis, A. mehrai, and D. expansa. Ptyas korros is a new host for X. pyriformis and G. spinosa is a new host for N. orientalis. PMID- 7229331 TI - Enhancement of Schistosoma mansoni infection induced by the methanol-extraction residue (MER) fraction of BCG. PMID- 7229332 TI - A simplified radioimmunoassay technique for hydatid disease and human trichinosis. AB - A. A comparative study of a simplified radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique with the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test in the diagnosis of 72 patients with hydatid disease indicated the greater sensitivity of the former. Both methods had an equal specificity in 60 control patients. RIA will serve as a useful addition to tests already available in hydatid serology. B. A comparison of the (RIA) technique with fluorescent antibody test (FAT) in the diagnosis of 33 patients with early, active trichinosis and 30 healthy controls indicated an equal sensitivity and specificity of both methods. The adoption of RIA as an easier method is recommended. This study of a simplified radioimmunoassay technique for the diagnosis of hydatid disease and trichinosis in man is presented in two sections. PMID- 7229333 TI - Quantification of a cryopreservation technique for Onchocerca microfilariae in skin snips. PMID- 7229335 TI - Schistosoma bovis, S. intercalatum and S. haematobium: methods for in vivo radiolabelling of cercariae with radioselenium. AB - Cercariae of Schistosoma bovis, S. intercalatum and S. haematobium were radiolabelled by individual exposure of their respective host snails to 75Se methionine in 1 ml water for a period of 20 hours. Maximum cercaria-bound radioactivity was obtained four to seven days after labelling of snails, but detectable levels of radioactivity incorporation were obtained with all three species for a period of 32 days. The radiolabelling procedure did not interfere with the production of cercariae or with the biological characteristics of the labelled larvae. The described research opens the way for the application of various radioisotope tracer systems in studies on host-parasite relationships between cercariae and schistosomula of terminal-spined species of schistosomes and the final host. PMID- 7229334 TI - Resistance to Fasciola hepatica in calves harbouring primary patent Schistosoma bovis infections. AB - A substantial resistance to a heterologous challenge with Fasciola hepatica was demonstrated in calves harbouring primary patent Schistosoma bovis infections of an age of 10 weeks at challenge, the mean worm burden being reduced by 29.9% (p less than 0.025) in calves primarily infected with S. bovis as compared with that of the challenge control group. The heterologous resistance was also evidenced by less pronounced liver tissue damage and lower serum gammaglutamyl-transpeptidase values in the S. bovis-infected animals compared with the challenge control group. PMID- 7229336 TI - Freud's confrontation with the telic mind. AB - Sigmund Freud's relations with four significant figures in his life are traced: Ernst Brucke, Josef Breuer, Wilhelm Fliess, and Carl G. Jung. In each of these relationships, Freud was confronted with the dilemma of wanting to describe people in what is obviously a teleological fashion while simultaneously meeting the strictures of natural-science reductions to the nontelic. Freud initially fell back on a dialectical theory, but later substituted libido theory as a concession to biological reductionism. Strangely enough, in depolarizing libido as the 'power behind the sexual drive' Freud lost the opportunity to portray the clear teleology his theory calls for. PMID- 7229337 TI - A rapid, routine technique for the X-ray microanalysis of microincinerated cryosections: an SEM study of inorganic deposits in tissues of the marine gastropod Littorina littorea (L.). AB - A procedure is described that prepares chemically untreated biological sections for X-ray microanalysis in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The method aims to retain and localize labile components in tissue sections by a procedure that is both rapid and routine. Large quantities of fresh tissue can be processed for analysis within a single day. Thick cryosections are cut with a steel knife in a conventional cryostat, freeze-dried, and then ashed by either low or high temperature incineration procedures. Controlled microincineration attenuates the organic matrix to reveal sufficient surface relief for effective SEM of some cytological structure and microanalysis of the residual inorganic components. The detectability of various elements is enhanced because the relative concentrations in the residues are increased and the level of nonspecific background in the X ray spectra is reduced. The technique is applied to different tissues from the visceral complex of the marine prosobranch Littorina littorea. In animals exposed to elevated levels of zinc it can be demonstrated tht the metal is localized both as an insoluble form in granules and as a labile form within the cytoplasm. Other metals, including magnesium, potassium, calcium, manganese, and iron, have been identified and localized. The effectiveness of this technique for retaining labile elements is compared, in outline, with that of conventional fixation procedures. PMID- 7229338 TI - The presence of mast cell granules in rat parotid secretory granule preparations. AB - Rat parotid secretory granule preparations contain, in addition to the acinar secretory granules, a second type of granule. Whereas the acinar granules lyse under hypotonic conditions, this second type of granule does not, thus providing a means for obtaining a fraction sufficiently enriched in these granules to allow for their characterization. In the present study, these granules are shown to possess demonstrable chymotrypsin-like enzyme activity. In the intact rat parotid, such activity is shown by histochemical methods to be present in the numerous mast cells residing in the connective tissue stroma, but no such activity exists in any of the parenchymal cells. On the basis of their electron microscopic appearance, enzyme activity, and physical characteristics it is concluded that the second type of granule present in rat parotid secretory granule preparations originates from stromal mast cells rather than from parenchymal cells. PMID- 7229339 TI - An attempt at quantitation of procollagens I and III and of collagen IV in tooth sections by exposure to the corresponding antibodies followed by 125I-protein A and radioautography. AB - The immunoreactivity of procollagen types I and III and of collagen type IV was detected in frozen sections of the growing apical end of rat incisor teeth by an indirect method making use of protein A. The sections were exposed to affinity purified antibodies against these substances. The bound antibodies were then detected by incubation with radioiodinated protein A, followed by radioautography. This immunoradioautographic approach yielded preparations with low background, in which the reactions could be quantitated by counts of silver grains. The distribution of the radioautographic reactions was essentially the same as that previously observed with direct and indirect peroxidase methods, that is, procollagen I antigenicity predominated in odontoblasts and predentin, with minor amounts in periodontal tissue and pulp; procollagen III antigenicity was present in periodontal tissue and, to a lesser extent, in the pulp; and collagen IV antigenicity was restricted to basement membranes. Moreover, grain counts provided quantitative support for the conclusions on the distribution of procollagen I and III antigenicity. PMID- 7229340 TI - Effusion artifact: a chronic problem in DAB cytochemistry. PMID- 7229341 TI - Metamorphic changes in the brain of Chironomus dolichotomus (Diptera:Chironomidae). AB - The larval brain lacks external differentiation of the three neuromeres. The neurilemma is well developed but the perineurium has few sheath cells. The central complex is represented by well developed and elongated central and ellipsoid bodies. The corpora pedunculata are feebly developed and only two optic lobe anlagen are differentiated from the lateral projections of the larval protocerebrum. The deutocerebrum is represented by a feebly developed medullary mass whereas the tritocerebrum is not well differentiated. In adult, the ellipsoid body becomes much conspicuous and the central body fits in the anterior concavity of the former. The corpora pedunculata has well developed calyx, stalk and beta lobes. The medulla externa becomes enormously large and the lobula and lobula plate get cut off from the protocerebrum. A single optic commissure joins the medulla externa of opposite sides. The deutocerebrum lacks nodulation and deutocerebral commissure joins the two opposite lobes. The tritocerebrum remains feebly developed. In pupal period the neurilemma becomes wavy and degenerates at certain places, however, its complete degeneration is never noted. Haemocytes are not found around the neurilemma. The sheath cells become vacuolated. Ventral tubercles appear on the posterior region of the ellipsoid body. PMID- 7229342 TI - On the functional significance of axonal triads in medial cuneate nucleus. AB - Theoretical considerations are presented about the possible functional significance of special triadic synaptic arrangements in medial cuneate nucleus. Although they can not be regarded functionally equivalent to the dendritic triadic arrangements in the thalamic nuclei, the cuneate axonal triads are likely to participate not only in distance dependent stimulus discrimination, but also in movement perception. PMID- 7229343 TI - Dendritic bundles: occurrence and regeneration in the forebrain of the Japanese carp, Cyprinus carpio. AB - Dendritic bundles were observed in the striatum and cerebellum of the Japanese carp. The striatal bundles were found to regenerate following telencephalic removal. This finding in conjunction with incoming axonal budding suggests that formation of the bundles are under the control of dynamic biological factors and not simple mechanical distortions. PMID- 7229344 TI - Complex synapses in the medial cuneate nucleus of the cat. AB - An electronmicroscopical study using an analysis of thin sections and experimental degeneration of the medial cuneate nucleus of the cat has revealed five types of axon terminals: (1) Relatively large axon terminals characterized by a population of large (45-60 nm) spheroid vesicles which are the terminals of the spinal afferents: (2) Small axon terminals - probably of local interneuronal source - containing characteristic flattened vesicles: (3) Small axon terminals, mostly of local source (probably relay cell axon collaterals or possibly interneurons) containing small spheroid vesicles. A few axon terminals with similar small spheroid vesicles are of (contralateral) cortical origin from the somatosensory area; (4) Medium size axon terminals containing pleomorphic (ovoid to round) vesicles and being of local source (probably from local or neighbouring interneurons); (5) Occasionally axon terminals containing large dense-core vesicles (100-120 nm) were also observed. While types (1), (2), (3) and (4) are presynaptic to dendrites and (less frequently) to cell bodies, type (2), (3) and (4) were observed to be presynaptic also (axo-axonally) to type (1). Section series revealed that such axo-axonal synapses are in fact always arranged in "triadic combination" having the general formula of: 1 leads to dendrite (or soma), 2 (or 3, or 4) leads to 1, and 2 (or 3 or 4) leads to dendrite (or soma); the arrow indicating the morphological polarity of the synapse. -Presynaptic dendrites forming dendritic synapses and occasionally engaged in reciprocal synapses were also found, but in view of their rarity are probably only of secondary significance. PMID- 7229345 TI - [Experimental study on the gracilis-cerebellar pathway]. PMID- 7229346 TI - [Morphofunctional development of the hippocampal formation of newborn mice in organotypical tissue culture]. AB - The cytoarchitectonic structures, fiber pathways, spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity in the organotypic explants of the newborn mouse hippocampus were studied. After 2-3 weeks in vitro it was possible to see in the explants main fascicles (alvear tract, perforant path, axons of granular cells) and cytoarchitectonic formations (pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus, infra- und suprapyramidal limbs of dentate gyrus granular cells). Electrical stimuli applied to the entorhinal cortex and fascia dentata evoked short- and long-latency responses in hippocampal neurons beginning from the 5-6th day in vitro. The short latency responses were presumably monosynaptic, the long-lasting ones, polysnaptic. The latter were usually changed by repetitive stimulation. These data suggest that appearance of evoked activity during cultivation reflects the formation in vitro of the perforant path and mossy fibers and the maturation of the synaptic contacts. Thus, organotypic explants of the hippocampus represent a useful model system for morphological and electrophysiological studies in systems of interneuronal connections formed de novo as a result of autonomical postnatal development in vitro. PMID- 7229347 TI - [Anatomical study of the afferent pathways of the rostral telencephalon in the Gallus domesticus chick]. AB - The neuroanatomical method involving retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was employed in the chick Gallus domesticus to investigate ascending projection systems to the rostral telencephalon. Following either extensive or restricted injections of the enzyme into different regions of the latter, differential bilateral or unilateral projections onto the Wulst (hyperstriatum accessorium, hyperstriatum intercalatus superior, hyperstriatum dorsale) were demonstrated from the dorsal thalami complex (nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami, pars lateralis). Other nuclei of the dorsal thalamus shown to project to the rostral telencephalon were nuclei, dorsolateralis medialis, dorsolateralis posterior, dorsomedialis anterior, parvocellularis and rotundus. At the level of the mesencephalon, rostral telencephalic projections were found to originate in the substantia grisea centralis, the strata cellulare externum and internum, the lateral reticular formation and the area ventralis. More caudally peroxidase label was localized in the nuclei locus, ceruleus, subceruleus dorsale, subceruleus ventrale and within the principal Vth nucleus. The results obtained using restricted injections of HRP made it possible to more precisely identify the telencephalic projections sites of several of the above areas and nuclei. The data is compared to previous findings regarding ascending projection system in different avian species and some methodological problems in the use of HRP technique are discussed. PMID- 7229348 TI - Electron microscopic and morphometric studies on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of the rat following conditioning. AB - 1. In 40 three months old Wistar rats (16 trained animals, 14 active controls, 10 passive controls) the influence of learning (brightness discrimination) on the number of electronmicroscopically detectable synapses per area neuropil was studied in the stratum radiatum (CA 1) of the hippocampus. 2. 70 minutes after completion of training, the mean number of synapses has significantly increased as compared to active controls (trained animals 14.26 +/- 2.95 synapses/25 micrometer2; active controls 10.23 +/- 2.80 synapses/25 micrometer2; p less than 0.001). 3. 24 hours after training this increase in trained animals still persisted (trained animals 14.15 +/- 2.60, active controls 11.39 +/- 2.87 synapses/25 micrometer2; p less tha 0.001). 4. 14 days after training, the number of synapses has decreased considerably, but was nevertheless significantly higher than in the active controls (trained animals 12.49 +/- 2.76, active controls 11.45 +/- 3.10; p less than 0.001). 5. The results are discussed with regard to their significance to the different stages of memory formation in the CNS. PMID- 7229349 TI - [Vessel architecture of cortical arteries of the human cerebrum]. AB - The typical vascular patterns of cortical and medullar arterial vessels of the human brain in the subarachnoidal space are described. In compact arrangements and by bundles they penetrate the cortex, always in vertical direction to the cortex surface. From the top of gyri the medullar arteries run rectilinear through the cortical and medullar tissue. Medullar arteries which entrance the slope of the gyri turn in the direction of the medullar fibres after penetration the grey matter. Often glomerular-loop formations of medullar arteries are found in senile brain in the zone of fibrae arcuatae longae et breves. PMID- 7229350 TI - The stimulation of immunity to Hymenolepis mana in mice exposed to low-level infections. AB - Mice infected with as few as ten eggs of Hymenolepis nana are highly resistant to a challenge infection. Repeated low-level infection can stimulate immunity which is as strong as stimulated by a single large infection. Elimination of the challenge infection occurs to an equal extent in all groups regardless of the size of the immunizing infection. ? PMID- 7229351 TI - Acrylonitrile-14C metabolism in rats: effect of the route of administration on the elimination of thiocyanate and other radioactive metabolites in urine and feces. AB - In Wistar rats, the elimination of the sum of radioactive metabolites of acrylonitrile--14C was not markedly influenced by the rote of acrylonitrile administration. The elimination of thiocyanate, however, was significantly higher after oral (23% of the dose) than after intraperitoneal (4%), subcutaneous (4.6%), or intravenous (1.2%) administration. The elimination of the sum of radioactive metabolites was highest in the first 4 hours after acrylonitrile administration and rapidly decreased, whereas the excretion of thiocyanate reached maximum between hour 8 and 14 after oral or intraperitoneal administration. Less than 1% of radioactivity of the acrylonitrile--14C dose was eliminated in feces irrespective of the route of administration. PMID- 7229352 TI - Endemic occurrence of Mycobacterium kansasii in water-supply systems. AB - Of a total number of 1079 drinking water and colliery service water samples examined in an area of the North-Moravian Region Czechoslovakia, characterized by endemic occurrence of M. kansasii infections, 233 [21.6%] samples were found to be contaminated by mycobacteria, of these 20 [1.9%] by M. kansasii. Of additionally examined 510 water samples from the municipal water-supply network, which were collected in hospital laboratories and clinical departments as well as in the households of patients with M. kansasii infection and their possible contacts, 171 [33.5%] samples showed presence of mycobacteria, of these 18 [3.5%] were M. kansasii-positive. This mycobacterial species was isolated from the drinking water samples collected in two hospitals in the core of the endemic area, e.i. in the district of Karvina. In the district of Ostrava, where the drinking water supply, bot for colliery and households facilities, is provided from the same water-supply system, the presence of M. kansasii in the municipal water-supply network was not proved, but it was isolated from 5 samples of colliery drinking water. Further 114 samples taken from the local water treatment plant supplying the endemic area with drinking water were found to be free of M. kansasii species. PMID- 7229353 TI - Pharmacological estimation of histamine in the intestine of mice experimentally infected with repeated doses of Ancylostoma caninum larvae. AB - Intestinal extracts from normal [uninfected] and experimental [infected with a repeated dose of 500 + 500 + 1000 Ancylostoma caninum larvae] mice were bioassayed for histamine using isolated guinea pig ileum preparation. Intestinal histamine level of experimental animals significantly increased on 5th [70 ng] and 30th [75 ng] day after the last stimulating dose of infection. The source of this excess histamine and its role in immunity have been discussed. PMID- 7229354 TI - Application of Poisson's distribution model to the occurrence of acute viral hepatitis in the district of Sokolov. AB - The possibility of application of the Poisson's model of distribution in the field of epidemiology was analyzed on an example of actual distribution pattern of HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative cases of acute viral hepatitis notified weekly in a distinct during a period of 6 years. The results suggest that the distribution pattern of HBsAg-positive AVH is fully compatible with the Poisson's model of distribution, whereas the distribution pattern of HBsAg-negative AVH differs from it quite evidently. The observed Poisson's distribution of HBsAg positive AVH offers some new theoretical and practical implications concerning the incidence, distribution and prophylaxis of this infection. It is also assumed that HBsAg-positive AVH is not the only one of the communicable diseases the occurrence of which is compatible with the Poisson's model of distribution. PMID- 7229355 TI - Comparison of direct and indirect migration inhibition tests and skin hypersensitivity to tuberculin (PPD). AB - The direct macrophage and indirect leukocyte migration inhibition tests were used for the examination of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and of their contacts. In the direct test at a concentration of 10 microgram PPD/ml medium, a statistically significant difference [p less than or equal to 0.001] was found between the mean values of MI [migration indices] in PPD-negative [MI = 0.98 +/- 0.10] and MI of PPD-positive to patients [MI = 0.60 +/- 0.10]. [PPD-negative = showing no reaction to ID administration of tuberculin, PPD-positive = showing a positive reaction to ID administration of tuberculin]. A statistically significant difference [p less than or equal to 0.05] was also found between the mean values of MI in tuberculin-positive to patients and healthy contacts [MI = 0.80 +/- 0.14]. By means of the indirect test we demonstrated a statistically significant inhibition of migration [p less than or equal to 0.001] in PPD highly positive contacts [MI = 0.76 +/- 0.10]. The results of the direct and indirect migration inhibition tests were found to agree in 66.6%. PMID- 7229356 TI - Infection of cattle and livestock handlers with Coxiella burnetti and Chlamydiae in the farm of Bernolakovo (West Slovakia). AB - Antibodies to phase II C. burnetti and to chlamydial antigen were found in sera of dairy cows and livestock handlers collected in the farm of Bernolakovo [West Slovakia]. The levels of C. burnetti antibodies detectable by the microagglutination reaction exceeded those detected by the complement-fixation reaction in 90% of cow sera. In the group of 51 dairy cows having C. burnetii antibodies, 58.8% of animals reacted positively with chlamydial antigen in titres from 8 to 256. In 3 of the 8 dairy cows selected from the group of animals which and both C. burnetii and chlamydial antibodies and were in the stage of lactation, the presence of C. burnetii in milk was demonstrated by bioassay in golden hamsters, whereas parallel attempts to demonstrate Chlamydiae were negative. However, on chlamydial strain from the placenta of a serologically positive dairy cow was isolated in chick embryo yolk sac. Simultaneous occurrence of C. burnetii and chlamydial antibodies in the sera of livestock handlers indicates the possibility of occupational hazard of agricultural worker's infection with only C. burnetii but also with Chlamydiae. Investigation of the causative connection of such a finding will be the subject of further studies. PMID- 7229357 TI - [A two-stage technique for concentration of viruses from solutions with low virus titers (e.g., drinking water)]. AB - The evidence of viruses in drinking water is an important component of studies of viruscirculation between man and his environment. In the two-stage concentration technique presented in this paper the method of aluminium sulphat flocculation, verified in more than 1300 investigations, is the first stage. In the second stage, aluminium hydroxide gel is at first dissolved with 1 ml of citric acid sodium citrate buffer at pH 4,7. The physico-chemical aspects of the lysis are discussed. It is from the lysate, that is not toxic for viruses, that viruses are separated by ultracentrifugation and inoculated on cell cultures. Owing to considerable constriction effect of about 20 000:1 is the method especially suitable for evidence of viruses in solutions with low virus titers (e.g. drinking water) as confirmed by a series of tests. PMID- 7229358 TI - Diet and the diabetic: the fallacy of a controlled carbohydrate intake. AB - The dietary intake of 16 well-established diabetics was recorded over six-week periods on two different diets--a conventional, carbohydrate-controlled diet and an unrestricted, carbohydrate diet which allowed free choice as to quantity of food eaten and time of meals. In all patients the carbohydrate intake varied considerably from day to day and the variation was as great on the supposedly controlled carbohydrate diet as on the unrestricted diet. In agreement with other studies, carbohydrate intake was often considerably higher on the usual diabetic diet than had been recommended or than the patient believed they were taking. It is suggested that present methods for controlling the carbohydrate intake of diabetics are ineffective and, in particular, do not ensure a regular intake from day to day. PMID- 7229359 TI - Everyday meal-choosing systems for the UK, judged by educational, psychological and nutrition criteria. AB - Guidelines from the theory of education are suggested which may be applied to a simple meal-choosing system before it is offered to the general public. A system which follows these guidelines is described and compared with other systems. PMID- 7229360 TI - The Harrow Slimming Club: analysis of the results obtained in 249 members of a self-financing, non-profit-making group. AB - Between January 1977 and August 1979 there have been 14 courses at the Harrow Slimming Club--a non-profit-making group run by the Harrow Health District using local authority premises, and with trained dietitians as course counsellors. The administrative structure, recruitment procedures and dietary advice are described. The 249 course members were typically moderately-obese middle-aged women, but there was a wide range in both age and in severity of obesity. During the initial ten-week course the average attendance was 7.1 sessions per person, and the average weight loss was 4.4 kg. Members who attended more regularly showed greater weight losses. Those members who attended regularly were eligible to join follow-up courses, and 110 members took this option. The average attendance at follow-up was 9.2 sessions per person with a small further weight loss, but again there was wide variation about this average figure. The results compare very favourably with those obtained either by commercial slimming clubs or hospital obesity clinics. PMID- 7229361 TI - Is there a place for a low-oxalate diet? PMID- 7229362 TI - Excessive weight gain in infancy and childhood in developing countries: association with modern methods of infant feeding. PMID- 7229363 TI - The relationship between medical resources and measures of health: some additional evidence. AB - The relationship between an area's medical resources and physiological measures of individual health status is examined. Variables such as age, sex, race, education, and income are controlled for. The physiological measures include diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol concentration, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, varicose veins, and periodontal disease. Although additional education and income were associated with fewer abnormal chest X-rays and less periodontal disease, the physiological measures were little affected by additional medical resources. The results are consistent with the view that what the individual does (or does not) do for himself affects health more than do additional medical resources. PMID- 7229364 TI - The choice of diet for young children and its relation to children's growth. PMID- 7229365 TI - Real returns to career decisions: the physician's specialty and location choices. PMID- 7229366 TI - Marihuana and work performance: results from an experiment. AB - Determining the relationship between marihuana and economic activity is an important factor in establishing social policy in this area. The effects of marihuana availability and consumption on production, hours worked, and output per hour are reported from an experimental microeconomy involving resident volunteer human subjects. The statistical analysis shows no effect of marihuana on total output or total hours worked for experimental as compared to control conditions, although marihuana use was generally associated with a simultaneous decision to engage in passive leisure activities in the period immediately following smoking. These results suggest a hypothesis about the general relationship between marihuana and economic activity that is used to integrate the results of several other studies with those reported here. PMID- 7229367 TI - Markets for medical care and medical education: an integrated long-run structural approach. AB - This paper investigates the relationship between the market for medical care and the market for medical education. Within a standard supply and demand framework, the capacity of medical schools is considered as an endogenous element within a complete structural system of the market for physicians' services. The parameters of the model are estimated using data from the postwar period. The estimated system is then simulated both to compare it to alternative time-series forecasting approaches and to examine the nature of earnings cycles in medicine. The results of this exercise support the applicability of traditional economics to this sector of the economy. PMID- 7229368 TI - Fc receptors for IgE on human and rat eosinophils. PMID- 7229369 TI - Potentiation of macrophage tumor cytostasis by tumor-induced ascites. PMID- 7229370 TI - H-2 negative teratocarcinoma cells become H-2 positive when passaged in genetically resistant host mice. AB - The murine 402AX teratocarcinoma is an H-2 negative, nullipotent stem cell tumor of testicular origin. Previous studies have demonstrated that host strain resistance and susceptibility to this tumor are under the control of 2 genes, one of which is closely linked to the mouse major histocompatibility complex. Earlier studies determined the lack of antigenic modulation and the absence of H-2 antigens on 402AX cells passaged in vitro or in genetically susceptible hosts. The present studies demonstrate that when passaged in genetically resistant host mice [C57BL/10, B10.SM, and B10.129(6M)], the H-2 negative 402AX cells modulate to become positive for H-2b antigens, as detected by indirect immunofluorescence, microcytotoxicity, and quantitative absorption. Two to 4 days of in vivo growth in resistant hosts is necessary for H-2b antigens to be expressed. H-2 positive tumor cells removed from resistant hosts and placed in culture become H-2 antigen negative within 1 to 4 hr in vitro. H-2 antigen turn-on on the teratocarcinoma cells is specific for the H-2 haplotype of the tumor cell origin (129, H-2b); alien H-2 antigens are not expressed. The observation that only teratocarcinoma cells growing in genetically resistant hosts turn-on for H-2 antigens suggests that major histocompatibility antigens on target cells are required for an efficient host cell-mediated immune response against tumor cells. PMID- 7229371 TI - Chemotaxis by mouse macrophage cell lines. AB - Five mouse macrophage cell lines were tested for chemotaxis and phagocytosis. All 5 cell lines ingested sheep red cells coated with rabbit IgG anti-Forssman antibody and exhibited chemotaxis to endotoxin-activated mouse serum (EAMS) and lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor. Two cell lines were tested for chemotaxis to f-Met-Leu-Phe and neither responded. Four of the cell lines (RAW264, RAW309CR, PU5-1R, and WR19M.1) exhibited chemotaxis to C5a. These cell lines displayed a 1- to 2-hr lag before migrating toward EAMS, and chemotaxis was dependent upon cell density. When fewer than 10(3) cells were present per mm2 of filter surface, less than 10% of the cells migrated; however, at a density of 5 X 10(3) cells/mm2 50 to 70% of the cells migrated. WEHI-3 differed from the other cell lines in that there was no chemotaxis to C5a, migration to EAMS did not have a detectable lag, and there was no cell density dependence for chemotaxis. Comparison of these chemotactic properties with those reported in the literature for mouse macrophages and monocytes suggests that RAW264, RAW309CR, PU5-1R, and WR19M.1 have properties that are similar to those of mouse resident macrophages, whereas WEHI-3 may have some of the properties of mouse monocytes. PMID- 7229372 TI - The role of complement in the localization of pneumococci in the splanchnic reticuloendothelial system during experimental bacteremia. AB - Pneumococci activate the alternative complement (C) pathway in the absence of demonstrable antibody in normal guinea pig serum. They also activate the classical C pathway in the presence of type-specific antibody and perhaps through other mechanisms as well. A quantitative examination was undertaken of the roles of these 2 pathways of C activation in the splanchnic sequestration of 125I labeled pneumococci, using a-guinea pig model of pneumococcal bacteremia. Normal unimmunized guinea pigs (NIH-GP) localized more than 3 times as many pneumococci to the liver as the spleen during a period when exponential bloodstream clearance was occurring. C4-deficient guinea pigs (C4D-GP) and cobra venom factor-treated guinea pigs (CVF-GP) showed progressively fewer pneumococci cleared by the liver with concomitant increases in the extent of splenic uptake, demonstrating the important role of C in the clearance of bacteria in the unimmunized animal. Immunization of guinea pigs brought about an increase in pneumococcal sequestration by the liver in NIH and C4D-GP but did not affect the localization pattern of CVF-GP. A comparison of reticuloendothelial system (RES) localization patterns with the rate of removal of bacteria from the bloodstream showed a highly significant correlation between increases in splenic sequestration and persistence of bacteremia. Thus, opsonization by C is an important determinant of the RES clearance of pneumococci. Unlike RBC clearance, where C plus IgM leads to hepatic localization, and C plus IgG tends to produce splenic localization, C in the presence or absence of type-specific antibody tends to cause hepatic localization of pneumococci. When C-mediated opsonic activity is less than optimal, the slower clearance of bacteremia that results is accompanied by an increased dependence on splenic sequestration of pneumococci. PMID- 7229373 TI - Radiation sensitivity of human natural killer cell activity: control by X-linked genes. AB - The sensitivity of human natural killer cell activity after exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to different doses of gamma irradiation was examined in a group of healthy adults and several families. Three patterns of radiation sensitivity were observed: 1) loss of all NK activity after 3000 rads irradiation; 2) loss of approximately 50% of the NK activity; and 3) maintenance of activity after this dose of irradiation. Low dose irradiation (500 to 2000 rads) resulted in an enhancement of activity. The radiation dose giving low dose activation reflected the individual's sensitivity to 3000 rads. Population studies and the segregation in two informative families indicate that radiation sensitivity of NK activity is controlled by X-linked codominant gene. PMID- 7229374 TI - Induction of surface Qa2 on lymphoid cells. AB - Three tumor cell lines isolated from individual murine sarcoma virus-infected BALB/cBy (Qa2-) mice were established. BOMS, ORA I, and Thorbly I were analyzed for the expression of Qa2 and Ly surface differentiation antigens. By Cytofluorograf analysis and absorption techniques, all 3 cell lines were found to be Qa2+, Ly1-, Ly2-. This cell surface phenotype suggests that immature lymphoid cells are uniquely susceptible to transformation by virus. Anomalous appearance of Qa2 on transformed lymphoid cells may be analogous to TL antigen induction. PMID- 7229375 TI - Immune complexes in tissues of obese strain (OS) chickens. AB - Obese strain (OS) chickens develop spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) comparable in many aspects to human Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In a chronologic study on chickens of the Obese strain with B1B1 and B4B4 genotypes, immune and electron dense deposits suggesting immune complexes (IC) were found in the basal lamina of thyroid follicles (BLTF) as early as the time of hatching. The incidence of IC deposition in BLTF increased with age. In some of the chickens studied, thyroglobulin could also be demonstrated in the immune deposits. In addition, IC were also detected in the glomerular basement membrane of kidneys and in basement membranes of cecal tonsils. The early occurrence of IC in tissues of OS chickens suggests a possible primary role of these immune reactants in the pathogenesis of SAT. PMID- 7229376 TI - Immunologic control of the ascites form of murine adenocarcinoma 755. III. Efficacy of serum therapy is controlled by a single genetic locus. AB - We have previously described a passive serum therapy system in which potent protection against challenge of syngeneic mice with large doses (10(4) X LD100) of AD755a tumor cells can be accomplished by administration of as little as 2 to 5 microliters/mouse of hyperimmune anti-tumor cell serum. The present results demonstrate that the efficacy of the serum protection effect is strain-dependent and is under the control of a single genetic locus, denoted ADP-1. Through a series of crosses between highly protected C57BL/6J and nonprotected BALB/cJ mice, the ADP-locus has been mapped to chromosome 2 [linkage group V], approximately 23 centimorgans toward te centromere from the locus controlling agouti coat color. Thus, the protection locus is not linked to either the H-2 region or to previously described loci regulating the replication and disease induction of type-C viruses closely related to the virus associated with the AD775a tumor. The possible functions of the ADP-1 locus are discussed and further aspects of this experimental model are described in the accompanying papers. PMID- 7229377 TI - Immunologic control of the ascites form of murine adenocarcinoma 755. IV. Characterization of the protective antibody in hyperimmune serum. AB - The potent capacity of B6 anti-AD755a tumor cell serum to protect mice against challenge with large doses of the homologous tumor cells has been shown to reside in the IgG2a antibody subclass. Despite their inability to protect in vivo, other IgG subclass antibodies obtained from the anti-AD755a serum demonstrated serologic reactivities in vitro comparable to those obtained with the protective IgG2a fraction. The specificity of serum protection is linked to the oncornavirus associated with the AD755a tumor and the serum immunoprecipitates only virus structural proteins from the tumor cell surface. Removal of these antibodies by specific immunoadsorbent resins eliminated nearly all of the in vitro serologic reactivity of unfractionated serum and the IgG2a subclass, but it had absolutely no effect on their protective capacity in vivo. Further target cell-binding studies suggest that nonprotective antibodies in the anti-AD755a serum bind more efficiently to the target cell in vitro than the protective fraction and have raised the possibility that the latter antibodies may only have weak affinity for the target cell itself. PMID- 7229378 TI - Immunologic control of the ascites form of murine adenocarcinoma 755. V. Antibody directed macrophages mediate tumor cell destruction. AB - An in vitro assay has been developed that mimics the potent in vivo protective capacity of B6 anti-AD755a serum in a passive therapy protocol. In the presence of small volumes of hyperimmune serum or IgG2a antibody, thioglycollate-elicited B6 mouse peritoneal cells (PEC) inhibit the growth of AD755 Cl.10 target cells and other cells provided that they express FLV-related antigens. When hyperimmune serum is replaced by normal serum, or elicited PEC from BALB/c mice are used, growth inhibition of the AD755 Cl.10 target cells is not seen. The latter is in accord with the inability to protect BALB/c mice with the anti-AD755a serum. Tumor cells to which antibody has been pre-bound are not inhibited by thioglycollate-elicited B6 PEC, analogous to the undiminished tumorigenicity of antibody-bound AD755a cells in vivo. These results, along with those presented in the accompanying papers, have led to the construction of a model to explain the specificity and mechanism of the potent in vivo passive protection characteristic of this system. The major features of this model are that the protective IgG2a antibody must first interact with an appropriate host effector cell, presumably of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, and that such an antibody-directed cell then binds to the tumor cell and effects its elimination, possibly by a phagocytic mechanism. PMID- 7229379 TI - Lymphoid cell surface receptor for Moloney leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein gp71. I. Binding characteristics. AB - The characteristics of Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV) gp71 binding on lymphoid cells have been studied by a very sensitive assay. Analysis of the results indicated the presence of 1 class of high affinity binding sites (Ka = 1.2 X 10(9) M-1) on BALB/c thymus cells. The total number of binding sites was estimated around 1.3 X 10(4) per thymus cell. No significative differences were observed for the binding of Moloney leukemia virus gp71 on thymus cells from different inbred strains of mice, suggesting that the genetic susceptibility to Moloney leukemia virus infection does not depend on the presence of gp71 receptor on the target cells. On the other hand, it seems that M-MuLV gp71 binds preferentially on T cells, which are the final target of Moloney leukemia virus induced transformation. Very little binding was found on Moloney, Rauscher, or x ray-induced lymphoma cells. PMID- 7229380 TI - Preferential reactivity of certain human and rabbit IgM and IgG rheumatoid factors with mildly reduced and amidomethylated IgG. AB - Two broadly defined populations were identified in affinity column-enriched rabbit and human rheumatoid factor (RF) preparations: one population reacted preferentially with mildly reduced and alkylated (MRA) homologous (with regard to species) IgG, and the other reacted preferentially with native, intact IgG. Each of these reactivities was identified by preferential association of RF with either intact or MRA IgG-Sepharose 4B conjugates and existed in both the IgM and IgG immunoglobulin classes. Use of soluble IgG inhibitor preparations in RF- dependent hemolytic and hemagglutination inhibition in RF-dependent hemolytic and hemagglutination inhibition assays showed that the preferred form of IgG inhibitor paralleled the preference of a particular RF preparation for a particular IgG affinity matrix. In addition, preferential reactivity was observed toward either intact or MRA Fc gamma inhibitors. On a molar basis RF reactivity with Fc gamma was significantly less than that observed in the presence of whole IgG. In contrast, neither IgG Fab nor F(ab')2 fragments were reactive with either of the 2 specificity populations of RF. The distribution of immunoglobulin class relative to specificity suggested that preferential reactivity with MRA IgG was usually associated with IgM RF, and reactivity with intact IgG was usually associated with IgG RF. These data suggest that in vivo perturbation of IgG structure may lead to an RF response identifiable by reactivity with an altered monomeric form of IgG. PMID- 7229381 TI - A new minor histocompatibility locus linked to H-3. AB - B10, BALB.B, and A.BY shared an allele at a new locus not shared by B10.LP-H-3b. This locus is linked to the minor histocompatibility gene, H-3, in the 5th linkage group of chromosome 2 of the mouse. The product of the new gene fits the criteria of a minor histocompatibility antigen, since it induced as well as served as a target for cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) and its presence accelerated skin graft rejection when compared with that caused by H-3.1. F1 complementation of skin graft rejection and generation of CTL indicated that A.BY and BALB.B do not share H-3a with B10 as previously reported but possess the c allele of their congenic partners A and BALB/c. Thus, B10.LP-H-3b and B10 differ from one another by at least 2 minor histocompatibility loci. The specificity of CTL developed in B10. LP-H-3b and appropriate F1 hybrids indicate that the lytic activity of CTL specific for H-3.1 was restricted to target cells possessing H-2Kb antigens; this contrasted to the H-2Db-restricted activity of CTL specific for the product of the new gene. PMID- 7229382 TI - Fifth component of guinea pig complement: purification and characterization. AB - The 5th component of complement (C5) was purified from guinea pig serum. The 6 step procedure, involving removal of C1 by precipitation at pH 7.5, mu = 0.04, 2.0 M ammonium sulfate precipitation, acid precipitation at pH 5.6 mu = 0.1, and successive chromatographies on Sephadex G-200, DEAE-cellulose, and hydroxylapatite columns, yielded 1.6 to 4 mg of C5 from 250 ml of serum. Purified C5 gave 1 protein band on disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sodium dodecylsulfate-(SDS) PAGE. Guinea pig C5, like human C5, consisted of 2 polypeptide chains designated as alpha (m.w. of 108,000) and beta (m.w. of 79,000) linked together by disulfide bonds. The amino acid composition was also very similar to that of human C5. The amino-terminus of the alpha-chain was aspartic acid or asparagine, and that of the beta-chain was undetectable by the dansyl method. Limited proteolysis of C5 with trypsin caused virtually no alteration in its mobility on immunoelectrophoresis and SDS-PAGE without reduction. Cleavage with trypsin was restricted to the alpha-chain: the beta chain was totally resistant to the digestion. The alpha-chain was split into at least 4 fragments of 58,000, 34,000, 29,000, and 27,000 daltons linked to one another and/or to the beta-chain by disulfide bonds. PMID- 7229383 TI - A kinetic analysis of immune-mediated clearance of erythrocytes. AB - A mathematical expression has been derived that successfully correlates the kinetic data for the immune-mediated clearance of red blood cells. The expression resulted from the solution of differential equations arising from a clearance mechanism that was, essentially, consistent with that described by Schreiber and Frank. The mathematical expression correlated data for both IgG-and IgM-mediated reactions. Four different rate constants appear in the final kinetic equation; these constants, which measure the rates of the various steps in the clearance process, were evaluated by an iterative curve-matching process. The values of the rate constants were found to be dependent upon type of sensitizing immunoglobulin, number of C1-fixing sites, and several known immune system modifiers. Correlation of the derived rate expression with the experimental data provided a critical test for the Schreiber-Frank mechanism and the values of the rate constants provided additional insights into the immune clearance process. PMID- 7229384 TI - Expression of cell-surface latent allotypes: latent specificities are synthesized only by cells that display the nominal allotype. AB - The association of latent and nominal allotypes at the cell surface of rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was studied in animals from 2 closed group colonies. The specificity of the anti-allotype antibodies used in the mixed antiglobulin rosette test was confirmed by radioimmune assay and by testing PBL from latent allotype-free homozygotes. PBL from rabbits exhibiting latent group a and b allotypes were treated with pronase to bring the rosetting population down to less than 1 to 2%; latent and nominal cell-surface allotypes were then regenerated overnight in serum-free culture. Latent and nominal allotypes were detected in the same cell in 16 to 57% of the total allotype-bearing population. The remaining cells displayed only nominal allotype. This was observed in rabbits bearing latent a1, a2, a3, b4, b5, and b6. Rosette-inhibition data indicated that some of the group a latent and nominal allotypes were contiguously associated at the cell surface but that the group b latent and nominal markers were spaced further apart. In addition, in rabbits exhibiting 2 latent group b allotypes, both single and double latent cell surface expression was seen. Rabbits from the Philadelphia and N.I.H. internally derived colonies gave similar results. PMID- 7229385 TI - A modified 'low pH' lignocaine method to isolate human monocytes: a comparison with other separation procedures. AB - A modified 'low pH' lignocaine method for the recovery of human monocytes from untreated plastics is described and compared with other adherence separation procedures, viz. mechanical scraping by a rubber policeman, microexudate-coated plastic method and pretreatment of plastics by the fetal calf serum (FCS). Monocytes separated by each of the above-mentioned techniques carried out in parallel were characterised by morphological and functional criteria: non specific esterase staining, contamination by T- and B-lymphocytes, viability, adherence, neutral red uptake, phagocytosis of yeast particles, random mobility, chemotaxis, and tumoricidal activity both in the absence and in the presence of interferon and lymphokines. The 'low pH' lignocaine method appears to be a simple and reproducible technique for the isolation of human monocytes. It seem preferable to other adherence procedures inasmuch as it yields viable, pure and functionally intact monocytes without requiring preconditioned plastics. PMID- 7229386 TI - Separation of AKR mouse thymus lymphoma from normal thymic cells by centrifugal elutriation. AB - The rapid separation of large numbers of viable thymus cells from AKR mice bearing transplanted or spontaneous thymic lymphomas was achieved by centrifugal elutriation. Separation of more than 3 x 10(8) cells from either a transplanted lymphoma, designated 720, or from a spontaneous thymic lymphoma, required only 15 min. Unfractionated thymus cells obtained from mice bearing the transplanted lymphoma consisted of 80% lymphoma cells (by immunofluorescence for the viral protein, gp70) and 20% normal cells. Fractions of slowly sedimenting cells consisted almost exclusively of normal cells (95%) with modal volumes of 95 micrometers cubed. Fractions of rapidly sedimenting cells consisted of 95% tumor cells with volumes of 150-400 micrometers cubed. The slowly sedimenting cells were almost exclusively (98%) in the GO- or G1-phase. Fractions of rapidly sedimenting cells contained up to 55% S-phase and up to 30% G2-phase cells. Intermediate fractions contained mixtures of normal cells and small GO- or G1 phase tumor cells. Thymidine uptake by the separated cells was determined. The fractions containing normal cells showed little thymidine uptake after 4 and 48 h in culture, while the fractions of tumor cells showed high levels of incorporation. In contrast to the high levels of thymidine uptake by the tumor cell fractions after 48 h in culture, there was little uptake by the unseparated cell suspension, suggesting a possible interaction between normal and tumor cells during the culture period. PMID- 7229388 TI - Destructive operations. PMID- 7229387 TI - Radioimmunoassay for H-Y antigen. AB - A sensitive direct radioimmunoassay for the detection of H-Y antigen on human blood mononuclear leukocytes is described. The cells were incubated with antisera obtained by immunization of inbred female rats or mice with male cells and tissues. The bound antibodies were detected by 125I-labeled protein A. Results are expressed as cpm bound to the cells. PMID- 7229389 TI - Levamisole and griseofulvin in warts. PMID- 7229390 TI - Allergy (a psychosomatic view). PMID- 7229392 TI - Birth of conjoined twins. PMID- 7229391 TI - Dermoid cyst of the spermatic cord. PMID- 7229393 TI - Leprosy and the eye. PMID- 7229394 TI - Retention and preservation of medical records. PMID- 7229395 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias, anti-arrhythmic drugs and prostaglandins. PMID- 7229396 TI - Ocular complications in leprosy. PMID- 7229398 TI - Clinicopathological studies on cancer penis (a review of 120 cases). PMID- 7229397 TI - Diabetes in tuberculosis patients. PMID- 7229399 TI - Bacteriological study of chronic suppurative otitis media. PMID- 7229400 TI - Ocular causes of headache and its management. PMID- 7229401 TI - Leiomyoma of small intestine. PMID- 7229402 TI - Chorea-a complication of lithium. PMID- 7229403 TI - Giant retroperitoneal neurofibroma. PMID- 7229404 TI - Fracture healing. PMID- 7229405 TI - Bibliographical facilities for research and library co-operation in medical libraries in India. PMID- 7229406 TI - Breast cancer in Punjab (a clinicopathological review of 640 cases). PMID- 7229407 TI - Carcinosarcomas of uterus and breast. PMID- 7229408 TI - Clinical evaluation of malignant process by serum copper estimation. PMID- 7229409 TI - Oral rehydration therapy. PMID- 7229410 TI - Reconstruction of penis with urethra from groin and mid-thigh flap. PMID- 7229411 TI - Metastatic melanocarcinoma of liver. PMID- 7229412 TI - Carcinoma parotid in a child of twelve years. PMID- 7229413 TI - Cancer--a sociomedical problem. PMID- 7229414 TI - Anaesthetic management of meningocele and meningomyelocele. PMID- 7229416 TI - Neonatal uterine prolapse. PMID- 7229415 TI - Caesarean section in placenta praevia in rural obstetric practice. PMID- 7229418 TI - General practitioner and health care system. PMID- 7229417 TI - Unusual causes of acute intestinal obstruction in children. PMID- 7229419 TI - The problem of viral encephalitis. PMID- 7229420 TI - Bubble gum story. PMID- 7229421 TI - Cellular and molecular heterogeneity of H-2Kk antigens. AB - Up to 70% of mouse spleen cells expressing H-2Kk alloantigens reacted with the monoclonal anti-H-2Kk antibody 11-4.1 in an indirect rosetting assay. When the cells that rosetted with the monoclonal antibody 11-4.1 were removed by density centrifugation, the residual unreactive cells reacted with the polyclonal anti-H 2Kk alloantiserum D23 but not with the monoclonal antibody 11-4.1 indicating the existence of two cel populations. In sequential immunoprecipitation experiments, the glycoprotein fraction of NP40 extracts from H-2Kk cells, after removal of antigens reacting with the monoclonal antibody 11-4.1 still contained structures reactive with the alloantiserum. Therefore, there are at least two antigenically distinct H-2Kk molecules which are differentially expressed on two subpopulations of spleen cells. PMID- 7229422 TI - The partnership of professional corporations: medical practice management. PMID- 7229423 TI - Management of the acute ingestion of poison in children. PMID- 7229424 TI - Antepartum air embolism. PMID- 7229425 TI - Collagen phagocytosis in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. AB - A large number of dermal cells engaged in collagen phagocytosis were observed in a case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. These cells apparently start to engulf collagen by deep invaginations of the plasma membrane. Fusion of phagosomes containing the engulfed collagen with vesicles probably originating from the Golgi apparatus would give rise to secondary lysosomes. The process of collagen degradation leads to the appearance of fine fibrils and myelin bodies. The presence in the dermis of unusually thick collagen fibers might contribute to this process which appears to occur only under particular physiological and pathological conditions. PMID- 7229426 TI - Cumulative effects from repeated exposures to ultraviolet radiation. AB - Repeated exposures to subliminal doses of UVR, given at 24-hr intervals, resulted in a lowering of the erythema threshold dose. At erythemogenically equivalent doses, UV-A was the most effective and UV-C the least. A similar and more pronounced effect was observed following repeated exposures to subthreshold doses of UV-A and topically applied 8-methoxypsoralen. These findings provide quantitative evidence for the cumulative nature of acute UVR damage in human skin. PMID- 7229427 TI - Cumulative effects of repeated subthreshold doses of ultraviolet radiation. AB - For fair Caucasian skin, the minimal delayed erythema dose (MED) 24 hr after exposure to broadband UVA is about 1200 times greater than the MED of broadband UVB, for both single and multiple daily exposures. Repeated daily exposure to doses less than MED results in cumulative effects manifest by gradual lowering of the daily dose threshold for delayed erythema and pigmentation induced by UVA or UVB. At threshold doses, UVB is more erythemogenic than melanogenic; the opposite is true for UVA. Repeated daily UVA exposure greatly enhances melanogenesis such that markedly suberythemogenic exposure doses of UVA result in true melanogenesis. PMID- 7229428 TI - Action spectrum for phototherapy of psoriasis. AB - Using a monochromator the action spectrum for ultraviolet phototherapy of psoriasis was determined for radiation between 254 and 313 nm and compared to the action spectrum for erythema of uninvolved adjacent skin. Daily exposures of different doses of 254, 280, 290, 296, 300, 304 and 313 nm radiation were observed. Wavelengths of 254, 280, 290 nm were erythemogenic but not therapeutic even at 10 to 50 times the minimal erythema dose. At the other wavelengths studied, the 2 action spectra were similar. In general, fixed daily doses cleared at lower cumulative dose than did incrementally increased daily doses. The small number of suberythemogenic exposure doses required suggests that monochromatic radiation may have advantages over broadband sources. PMID- 7229429 TI - Retinoic acid delays the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes in suspension culture. AB - The effect of retinoic acid (RA) on the terminal differentiation of guinea pig keratinocytes maintained in suspension culture was studied. Keratinocytes obtained from trypsinized guinea pig skin were suspended in medium containing 20% calf serum and 1.2% methyl cellulose. RA, which was added at the beginning of culture, delayed differentiation as judged by a decrease in the percent of cells that developed disulfide cross-linked keratin (sodium dodecyl sulfate insoluble cells) and cornified envelopes (sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol insoluble cells). RA inhibited differentiation maximally at 5 microgram/ml on day 3 of 5 day culture; concentrations as low as .005 microgram/ml were also inhibitory. Because the disulfide cross-linking of keratin and the formation of cornified envelopes are thought to occur when the cell membrane becomes permeable, we determined whether RA inhibited these processes by stabilizing the cell membrane. Two agents (ionophore X537A and Triton X-100) which permeate cell membranes rapidly reversed the inhibitory effect of RA on cornified envelope formation. In addition, when cultured with RA, the percent of cells which became permeable to trypan blue was reduced, also suggesting that RA acts on the cell membrane. These studies show that RA can inhibit keratinocyte differentiation by stabilizing the cell membrane thereby delaying transition from a living epidermal cell to a dead cornified cell. PMID- 7229430 TI - New model of a scaling dermatosis: induction of hyperproliferation in hairless mice with eicosa-5,8,11-trienoic acid. AB - The present studies have demonstrated that topical application of a low concentration of eicosa-5,8,11-trienoic acid (a 20:3,n9 fatty acid previously reported to inhibit competitively the activity of the sheep vesicular cyclooxygenase) to skin of normal fed hairless mice produced severe scaly dermatosis which is characterized by marked hyperplasia and acanthosis of the epidermal layer. The precise mechanism of this induction of scaly dermatosis is presently unclear. It is nonetheless interesting that the treatment of skin with similar concentrations of other unsaturated fatty acids produced no visible or histologic effects. Furthermore, endogenous levels of arachidonic acid in epidermal phospholipid and triglyceride fractions were shown to increase significantly (p < 0.01) in skin treated with the 20:3,n9 fatty acid while the endogenous level of PGE2 in the same tissue decreased markedly. This latter observation is consistent at least in part, with a previous report from this laboratory in which the 20:3,n9 fatty acid inhibited in vitro the activity of the sheep vesicular cyclooxygenase (the rate limiting enzyme in the transformation of arachidonic acid into the prostaglandin endoperoxides) although the increase in arachidonic acid may also reflect an increased incorporation of this fatty acid into the epidermal lipids by the hyperproliferative tissue. Evaluation of the proliferative status of 20:3,n9 fatty acid-treated skin showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in labeling and mitotic indices. The use of this potentially endogenous fatty acid may be a useful tool for further investigations of hyperproliferative skin diseases where dietary deficiency of essential fatty acids does not exist. PMID- 7229431 TI - Ribosomal RNA synthesis throughout epidermal hyperplastic growth induced by abrasion or treatment with 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. AB - During the production of an epidermal hyperplasia following abrasion, or the application of 17 nmoles of 21-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the back skin of female CD-1 mice there is a marked increase in ribosomes. During the period of regression, when the epidermis returns to its normal size, the ribosome content also returns to normal. To determine the contribution of ribosome synthesis to the accumulation of ribosomes, mice at varying intervals after abrasion or treatment with 17 nmoles of TPA were injected with (5-3H) uridine (100 muCi, I.P.), 3 hr later the mice were sacrificed, the cytoplasmic ribosomes isolated, and the incorporation of (5-3H) uridine into the cytoplasmic ribosomes was determined. During the production of epidermal hyperplasia, following either abrasion or TPA treatment, there is a significant increase in the incorporation of (5-3H) uridine into the rRNA of the cytoplasmic ribosomes, suggesting that there is an increase in ribosome synthesis. During the period of epidermal regression, ribosome synthesis returns toward normal levels. There is a rough correlation between the amount of hyperplastic growth and the degree of ribosome synthesis. Abrasion induces about a 2-fold greater increase in epidermal mass, compared to TPA treatment. Accordingly, at its peak ribosome synthesis is about 2 times greater after abrasion than after TPA treatment. PMID- 7229432 TI - Variability in collagen and fibronectin synthesis by scleroderma fibroblasts in primary culture. AB - Primary cultures of fibroblasts obtained from the papillary, reticular and subcutaneous layer of scleroderma skin were analyzed for protein synthesis by metabolic labeling and radioimmunoassays. Several of these cultures showed a 10- to 20-fold increase in the production of total protein and collagen as well as of fibronectin and type III procollagen as compared to cells from unaffected individuals. Most of the increases were noted in the reticular and subcutaneous layers. With cells from other patients increased synthesis was found in some of the explants or for only some of the products. The heterogeneity observed here could represent heterogeneity in the disease, in the cells studied or in the state of the disease at the time the cells were obtained. PMID- 7229433 TI - The rapid induction of cancers in the hairless mouse utilizing the principle of photoaugmentation. AB - We report a method for rapidly inducing cancer in the hairless mouse utilizing regimen in which an exposure to highly erythemogenic, but otherwise clinically noninjurious, dose of broad spectrum (290-400 nm) ultraviolet light is increased by 20% every 6th day. Clinical and histological observations reveal the presence of squamous cell cancer after as little as 18 days of irradiation. The rate of cancer induction is enhanced by the 320-400 nm component and this enhancement is shown to be a photoaugmentative effect. The results support the idea that stratum corneum and/or malpighian layer thickening produced in early stages of tumor induction tends to protect against the detrimental effects of UV radiation. Strict monitoring of both the spectral distribution and output of the radiation source is imperative for reproducible rates of tumor induction. PMID- 7229435 TI - Program of the 11th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Dermatological Research. Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, May 24-27, 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7229434 TI - Cell cycle analysis of cultured mammalian cells after exposure to 4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light. AB - Cell cycle analysis was used to study the the effect of 4,5'8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP) and long-wave ultraviolet light (UV-A) on cultured mammalian cells. DNA distribution patterns were measured for murine melanoma cells (a cloned line of Cloudman S91) and a strain of diploid human skin fibroblasts (CRL 1295) using both a microfluorimetry procedure and flow cytometry. The untreated cells and those receiving TMP along and UV-A alone had identical DNA content as assessed at several posttreatment intervals (0-72 hr). The majority of cells in control groups contained a G1 DNA content, whereas exposure to TMP (2 x 10(-7) M) plus UV A (1 Joule/cm2) led to the accumulation of cells in the G2 phase. These observations were similar for each cell type and both analytical techniques were in excellent agreement. The finding that psoralen plus UV-A induces a phase specific G2 blockade in cultured cells has important implications for understanding the mechanisms which account for enhanced pigmentation and suppression of cellular proliferation following exposure to these agents in vivo. PMID- 7229436 TI - Kawasaki syndrome: a new infectious disease? AB - Kawasaki syndrome is a newly described, acute symptom complex of children that has a predictable clinical course. The acute febrile phase of the syndrome is characterized by multisystem acute inflammatory changes. The subacute phase follows with the rheumatic manifestations of arthritis, myocarditis, and thrombocytosis. The syndrome is self-limited in most children but is associated with coronary artery aneurysms in 15%--20% and sudden death due to coronary thrombosis in 2%. Vasculitis of coronary and other medium-sized muscular arteries characterizes fatal cases. The peak age affected is 12 months (range, six weeks to eight years). Japanese children are overrepresented among cases, whereas Caucasian children are underrepresented. Cases have been reported worldwide with the highest prevalence in Japan and among Japanese in Hawaii. Epidemic outbreaks have occurred in scattered areas of the United States and Japan. The etiology is unknown, although clinical, epidemiologic, and immunologic features suggest an acute infectious trigger to an immunologically mediated, generalized vasculitis. PMID- 7229437 TI - The functions and inhibition of the membrane glycoproteins of paramyxoviruses and myxoviruses and the role of the measles virus M protein in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - The F glycoprotein of paramyxoviruses is responsible for cell fusion and hemolysis and for virus penetration via fusion of viral and cell membranes. These functions are activated by specific proteolytic cleavage of an inactive precursor (F0) into two disulfide-linked polypeptides (F1 and F2). The susceptibility of the F0 protein to cleavage by a host protease is a major determinant of virus host range and virulence. Synthetic oligopeptides that mimic the N-terminal region of the F1 polypeptide are specific inhibitors of paramyxoviruses, and oligopeptides that mimic the N-terminus of the HA2 polypeptide of influenza virus, also generated by cleavage, specifically inhibit that virus. Antibodies to F protein prevent the spread of paramyxovirus infection via membrane fusion, but antibodies to HN protein do not, although they neutralize released virus. These results and previous findings that formalin-treated virus does not induce antibodies to F protein provide an explanation for atypical measles. The HN protein has both receptor-binding and neuraminidase activities, and Cl- inhibition of neuraminidase may modulate these antagonistic activities. Studies in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) suggest that there is a host restriction of synthesis of the M protein of measles virus in brain cells which is involved in the abortive, persistent infection that causes SSPE. PMID- 7229438 TI - Infections with Legionella pneumophila in children. AB - To learn the role of Legionella pneumophila, the agent of Legionnaires' disease, in childhood illness, a prospective study was conducted among 52 children younger than four years of age with acute disease of the lower respiratory tract. Viral, mycoplasmal, and bacterial cultures and acute- and convalescent-phase sera were obtained during 64 episodes of acute illness; additional sera were drawn annually for three to five years. On the basis of serologic evidence, none of the acute episodes appeared to be due to L. pneumophila serogroup 1 or 2. However, examination of annual serum specimens showed that 27 (52%) of the children had rises in titer of indirect immunofluorescent antibody (a fourfold or greater rise to a reciprocal titer of greater than or equal to 128). Most rises in titer were in response to the serogroup 2 antigen. These results suggest that L. pneumophila is not a common cause of acute respiratory disease in early childhood in the study area but that children are frequently exposed to the organism. Alternatively, the serologic responses might be to unrelated cross-reacting microorganisms. PMID- 7229439 TI - Rescue of a cytopathic paramyxovirus from peripheral blood leukocytes in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - An infectious, cytopathic paramyxovirus was rescued from the peripheral blood leukocytes of a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) by cocultivation procedures. Cells infected with the virus (1) demonstrated polykaryocytosis, (2) contained cytoplasmic inclusion bodies of paramyxoviral nucleocapsids, (3) hemadsorbed monkey erythrocytes, and (4) reacted with fluorescein-conjugated antisera to measles virus. On the basis of these observations, the virus was initially believed to be measles-like virus similar to those that have been rescued from other patients with SSPE. However, subsequent immunologic and molecular studies showed that the virus was distinct from measles virus and was more closely related to simian virus 5. These findings suggest that paramyxoviruses other than measles virus can be nonproductively carried by patients with SSPE and should not be designated as "measles like" or "measles related" solely on the basis of their biologic characteristics. PMID- 7229440 TI - Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in perilymph and endolymph of the rat as determined by radioimmunoassay. AB - The kinetics of gentamicin in the inner ear fluids of the rat were studied with a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Continuous infusion over a broad range (7.5--150 micrograms/min) was used to obtain equilibrium. The lowest rate of infusion produced plasma concentrations after 45 min that were within the range of peak serum levels desirable in humans. The purity of perilymph and endolymph was ensured by measurement of sodium and potassium concentrations. The concentration of gentamicin in perilymph was linearly related to its concentration in plasma, which depended on the rate of infusion. After six days of constant infusion of gentamicin at 15 microgram/min, the concentrations in plasma, perilymph, and endolymph averaged 25.8, 5.1, and 1.2 micrograms/ml, respectively, for five of 11 rats. Gentamicin cleared from the perilymph with a half-life of 3 hr. PMID- 7229441 TI - Isolation of paramyxoviruses from patients with chronic neurologic diseases. PMID- 7229442 TI - From the Centers for Disease Control. Reported isolates of Salmonella from cerebrospinal fluid in the United States, 1968--1979. PMID- 7229443 TI - The continuous quest. PMID- 7229444 TI - Questions/answers: the teaching hospital. PMID- 7229445 TI - Toxic-shock syndrome in Iowa. PMID- 7229446 TI - [Prostaglandins in human pregnancy and labor--studies on the levels of PGF2 alpha metabolites and in vitro production of PGE and PGF by uterus and placenta during human pregnancy and labor (author's transl)]. AB - In order to study the relationship between labor and prostaglandin (PG) production, 13,14-dihydro 15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (dhk-PGF2 alpha) in plasma and amniotic fluid and 5 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy 11-keto tetranor prostane 1,16-dioic acid (the main urinary metabolite of PGF2 alpha [PGF2 alpha MUM]) in urine were measured by radioimmunoassay in 26 patients during pregnancy, labor and puerperium. In vitro PG production was investigated in the myometrium, decidua and amnion, obtained at term from 17 patients (9 before and 8 in labor) in cesarean section and from 7 in vaginal delivery. The radioimmunoassay newly developed for dhk-PGF2 alpha was satisfactory in its accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. During pregnancy, no increase in plasma dhk-PGF2 alpha (ng/ml) and PGF2 alpha MUM excretion (microgram/hour) was detected as delivery approached. But they elevated significantly around parturition (p less than 0.005), and decreased subsequently. A significant elevation of dhk-PGF2 alpha was found in amniotic fluid at delivery (p less than 0.01). PGE production was constant regardless of uterine contraction in three tissues tested, with the amnion showing the highest activity (p less than 0.005). PGF production increased remarkedly in association with uterine contraction in the myometrium and decidua. The myometrium showed the highest activity to produce PGF among three tissues during labor (p less than 0.025). These results indicate that the production of PGF2 alpha is remarkably increased during labor, and the myometrium appears to be the main source of PGF2 alpha. PMID- 7229447 TI - [The clinical significance of determination of red blood cell and urinary polyamines in gynecologic malignancy (author's transl)]. AB - The polyamines spermidine (spd) and spermine (spm), and their diamine precursor, putrescine (put) were separately determined in red blood cells (RBC) and 24-hour urine samples of gynecologic malignant and non-malignant cases using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The results are as follows: 1) Patients with malignancy (49 cases) had the polyamine levels of RBC-spd; 5.85 +/- 3.32 (mean +/- SD), RBC-spm; 7.00 +/- 5.53 (nmol/ml packed RBC), urinary put; 3.92 +/- 4.13, urinary spd; 2.17 +/- 1.74 (mg/day) in pre-therapeutic state. These levels were greatly higher than those of control cases. 2) The diagnostic rate was 100% in the fourth stage of uterine cervical cancer, and 80% in the recurrent cases. 3) Patients with long-term abnormal polyamine levels had the tendency of poor prognosis. 4) In many cases, RBC polyamines and urinary polyamines showed somewhat different fluctuations in the course of treatment. In conclusion, it is suggested that the measurement of polyamines is very useful in the diagnosis of progressive cases and recurrent cases, and can be helpful in the evaluation of therapeutic effects and prognosis. PMID- 7229448 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic observations of microcorrosion casts for rabbit ovarian vasculature before ovulatory stimulus (author's transl)]. AB - Ovarian vasculature of juvenile and adult rabbits was studied using a method of resin injection-corrosion casts. Arteries and arterioles in the ovarian stroma and capillary networks surrounding the follicles were observed on a three dimensional scale by scanning electron microscopy with the following findings: 1) The strongly coiled arteries are observed in adult rabbit ovaries. The first order arterioles arise from the spiral artery, and the second order arterioles stemming from these first order arterioles enter into each follicle. 2) Vasculature of follicles starts as glove-finger-like ramified capillary networks. As follicles grow, follicular vessels increase remarkably and form multilayered complex vascular networks surrounding the follicles. 3) The observations of circular impressions around the arterioles near the follicle and in the follicular wall suggest the existence of sphincteric control mechanism of blood flow into the follicle. 4) There are several pathways of venous drainage from a wall of large follicle and arterio-venous shunts are observed in the wall of such follicles. These structures may exert an important effect upon the follicular hemodynamics in the process of follicle rupture. PMID- 7229449 TI - [Change of C19-21 steroids levels of maternal serum, amnion and cord plasma by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) (author's transl)]. AB - With normal pregnant and abnormal pregnant cases as the subjects steroids in the maternal serum at term and plasma cord were measured by HPLC and the following results were obtained. 1) The blood at term proved to contain cortisol 165.06 +/- 38.90 ng/ml, cortisone 85.97 +/- 16.40 ng/ml, progesterone 23.42 +/- 8.77 ng/ml and the blood at delivery to contain cortisol 574.68 +/- 156.76 ng/ml, cortisone 100.94 +/- 27.54 ng/ml and progesterone 41.14 +/- 18.31 ng/ml. Amnion contained cortisol 69.40 +/- 16.72 ng/ml, cortisone 26.11 +/- 9.13 ng/ml, progesterone 29.36 +/- 9.35 ng/ml, cord plasma contained cortisol 109.64 +/- 27.41 ng/ml, cortisone 373.32 +/- 88.60 ng/ml and progesterone 450.53 +/- 113.84 mg/ml. 2) The blood at delivery compared to that term showed especially higher lever of cortisol. Maternal serum showed the pattern of cortisol superiority of the corticoid, while cord plasma showed the pattern of cortisone superiority. 3) Significant correlation was observed between amnion and cord plasma in the gestagen and between amnion and maternal serum-cord plasma in corticoid. 4) In severe toxemia of pregnancy and pregnancy with diabetes mellitus some steroids showed significant low levels as compared to normal case. 5) In severe toxemia of pregnancy cortisone/cortisol ratio was irregular as compared to normal case. PMID- 7229450 TI - [A clinicopathological study on microinvasive carcinoma (stage Ia) of the uterine cervix (author's transl)]. AB - A pathological study of 142 cases of stage I carcinoma of the uterine cervix with a depth of invasion of less than 5 mm showed 119 of them, 104 stage Ia (87.4%) and 15 stage Ib (12.6%), to have a depth of invasion of less than 3 mm. As to the histological pattern of invasion in stage Ia, advanced bulky outgrowth from glands and early stromal invasion were observed at nearly the same frequency. Of 15 cases of stage Ib cervical carcinoma with depth of invasion of less than 3 mm, 10 were of reticular invasion, 4 were of "fruhe Stroma-arrosion" and 1 was of vessel permeation. With either pattern of invasion, annular and longitudinal extension of the lesion tended to be wider in stage Ib than in stage Ia. Spread to the ectocervix was also wider in stage Ib. Modalities of treatment used for stage Ia carcinoma of the cervix were extended radical hysterectomy in 28 cases, sub-extended hysterectomy in 68 cases, simple hysterectomy in 3 cases, conization in 1 case and radiotherapy in 4 cases. Lymph node metastasis was noted in none of stage I cervical cancer cases with a radiotherapy in 4 cases. Lymph node metastasis was noted in none of stage I cervical cancer cases with a depth of invasion of less than 5 mm. PMID- 7229451 TI - Oscillation of membrane potential in syncytiotrophoblast of human term placenta in culture. AB - The membrane potentials and resistances of the cultured syncytiotrophoblast of human chorionic villi obtained from normal term placentas were measured using a standard electrophysiological technique. The mean value of membrane potentials and resistances for 156 cells in the control tris-buffered saline at 37 degrees C were -40.0 +/- 1.2 mV and 8.6 +/- 0.7 M omega (mean +/- S.E.), respectively. The membrane potential was markedly affected by the change of external concentration of Ca++ or K+. In 32 cells among 156 cells examined, spontaneous oscillations of membrane potentials were observed. They oscillated between around -38 mV and -57 mV with the average frequency of 2.4 +/- 0.2 times per minute, accompanied by decrease in membrane resistance on each hyperpolarization. Although oscillations of membrane potentials have been observed in other cultured cells, this is the first report on the oscillation of membrane potential in the human trophoblast. PMID- 7229452 TI - Levels of prostaglandin F2 alpha, E2 in the human uterine tissues and in human fallopian tubes from nonpregnant women. AB - Tissue samples were obtained from 30 women between the ages 16 and 44 with normal regular menstrual cycles, from 30 women between the ages 31 and 52 with uterine myoma, and from 4 women between the ages 37 and 58 with uterine cervical carcinoma in situ (Abb. CIS). The levels of prostaglandins (Abb. PGs) were determined by radioimmunoassay (Abb. RIA), and PGEs were identified and assayed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Abb. gas-mass). Levels of PGF2 alpha and E2 in normal menstrual cycles changed periodically as previously reported. The levels of PGF2 alpha and E2 in the uterine tissues from the women with uterine myoma were significantly highest in the endometrium, and were higher in the uterine cervix than in the uterine corpus. Those in the Fallopian tubes were higher at the ampullar region than at the isthmic one. The levels of PGs by the method of gas-mass in the uterine tissues and in the Fallopian tubes were almost the same as those determined by RIA. Though PGE1 and PGE2 existed, PGE3 could not be detected. PGs play important roles in reproduction. PMID- 7229453 TI - [Experimental teratoma derived from mouse yolk sac (author's transl)]. AB - By using no carcinogens, well differentiated teratomas were induced by BALB/c nu/+, +/+ and ICR strain of mice. On the 11th to 18th day of gestation, mice were laparotomized and all fetuses were removed from uterus, leaving placentas in situ and fetal membranes were protruded into peritoneal cavity. After 5 to 139 days of operation, extrauterine tumors developed in twenty five mice of fifty fetectomized mice. In BALB/c nu/+ mice the tumor developed in six of ten, in +/+ mice eighteen of twenty five and in ICR mice only one of fifteen. The tumors were all histologically well differentiated teratomas, some contained tissues derived from one germ layer and other from two or three germ layers but no undifferentiated cells. The teratomas became cystic, so we call, endodermal cysts on histological examination during rather long term observations. We concluded that these induced tumors were not genuine tumors in real pathologic means but only well differentiated tissues derived from the yolk sac on developmental stage. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in serum or in cystic contents of the tumor bearing mice were not detected by double immunodiffusion method. PMID- 7229454 TI - [Lipid metabolism in pregnancy, metabolism of intravenously injected fat emulsion (author's transl)]. AB - The triglyceride concentration increased gradually after the 10th day of gestation and it increased continuously until the time of delivery. Then it decreased immediately after birth. The phospholipid concentration also increased with gestational age, but cholesterol did not. The fatty acid components of fat emulsion (Intralipids) were labeled with carbon-14 and administrated into pregnant rats, then the fate of these fatty acids in blood was followed with time. The plasma half life was 74 minutes in pregnant rats and 58 minutes in non pregnant rats. The disappearance was slower in the pregnant rat. This results agree with human studies. The uptake of radioactivity by the fetal liver was only 1/10 that of the mother. The radioactivity level in the expired 14CO2 was examined. 18% of radioactivity appeared in expired CO2 during 5 hours in pregnant rat. While, 30% was collected in non-pregnant animals, showing slower lipid metabolism during pregnancy. PMID- 7229455 TI - [Concentration of serum unconjugated estriol and estetrol in pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation, and significance of these hormones in pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Recently, estetrol (15 alpha-hydroxyestriol, E4) has been suggested to be a better indicator of fetal well-being than estriol (E3). In normal pregnancy, the concentration of unconjugated E3 and E4 in serum gradually increased as pregnancy progressed, and especially, rapidly increased in the third trimester. The patients with IUGR were classified in three groups. In the first group with mild pregnancy complications or none, serum E3, E4 and urine E3 almost changed in normal range. In the second group with severe pregnancy complications, only serum E3 changed almost in normal range, but urine E3 shows in low levels and serum E4 in high levels. In the third group with perinatal death of neonate, these three hormone levels was remarkedly low, especially in serum and urine E3. The highest E3 value in 51 pregnant women, significantly correlated with placental weight, birth weight and body length of neonate, and highest E4 significantly correlated with birth weight and chest circumference of neonate. The results signified that E3 predominantly indicated placental function, E4 also fetal function. PMID- 7229456 TI - [Studies on the prolactin releasing activity of Decidua in early pregnancy in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - This study was conducted to examine the release of immunoreactive prolactin (IR PRL) in vitro by 14 cases of decidual obtained from women with 6 to 13 weeks of gestation. 1) The dilution curve of IR-PRL released from the decidua was parallel to the pituitary standard PRL. 2) A highly significant rise of IR-PRL during the incubation of the decidua was found. In decidua of 11-13 weeks of gestation, the summarised IR-PRL level during 90 minutes was the highest, viz. 359.4 +/- 87.4 ng/0.1 g wet weight. 3) The villi showed scarcely any IR-PRL release, and the accumulated IR-PRL level was 2.4% of the decidual incubation value. Little IR-PRL release was found in the incubation of endometrium of luteal phase. 4) The temperature and pH of the medium influenced the IR-PRL release, but dopamine, bromocriptine and somatostatin had no effects on the PRL releasing activity of the decidua. 5) According to the gel filtration, the elution pattern of IR-PRL released from the decidua was similar to that of the amniotic fluid rather than that of the maternal plasma. From the above results, we suggested that the decidua was the original source of the PRL released in the amniotic fluid. PMID- 7229457 TI - [Effects of prostaglandin E1 analogue and prostaglandin F2 alpha on uterine contraction, uterine blood flow and fetal circulation in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of PGF2 alpha and PGE1 analogue (ONO-802) on uterine contraction, uterine blood flow and fetal circulation were studied in pregnant and mature nonpregnant rabbits. Uterine and fetal blood flows were measured by photoplethysmography. Ten ng of PGs were injected into aorta abdominalis. In pregnant rabbits, 10 ng of PGF2 alpha caused a great increase in uterine contraction (i.e., intrauterine pressure), slight decrease in uterine blood flow and a transient fetal bradycardia, while 10 ng of ONO-802 caused a slight increase in uterine contraction (i.e., frequency), moderate decrease in uterine blood flow and a transient fetal bradycardia. Responses in nonpregnant rabbits to these two PGs were almost the same as those in pregnant rabbits. These results indicate the different effects of these two PGs on the uterine blood flow. PMID- 7229458 TI - [FHR long term variability under various obstetrics analgesia (author's transl)]. AB - Changes of FHR long term variability (LTV) were studied in four groups of patients under different types of analgesia. The LTV was evaluated according to our visual criteria in each episode of more than one minute of duration on baseline fetal heart rate level between contractions. In the balanced anesthesia group incidence of the episodes with LTV decreased significantly after the administration of Diazepam and Methoxyflurane (64%-30%), further decreasing after the injection of Pethilorfan, but it increased to some degree within 20 min. before delivery. In the epidural group the change of LTV was mild, but the LTV decreased after each administration of 0.25% Bupivacaine (58%-44%-36%). It is also showed mild increase within 20 min. before delivery. Loss of variability was persistently noted until the end of labor from 20-40 min. after the administration of Diazepam and Pentazocine in the modified NLA group. The change in paracervical block group was quite different from the other groups. The incidence of episodes with LTV was increased after the injection of 1% Lidocaine Hydrochloride (35%-41%). There was no significant different of blood gas and acid base balance among four types of analgesia. PMID- 7229459 TI - [Studies on glutathione of human placenta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229460 TI - [Experimental studies on prevention of adhesion of tissue surrounding dura mater and morphological changes in the spinal cord following laminectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The experimental animals were divided into six groups for the following purposes. First, dogs in Group 1 were subjected to laminectomy only to determine the development mechanism of scar tissue surrounding the dura mater and nerve root and to ascertain its effect upon the spinal cord. Next, dogs in Groups 2 to 6 were also subjected to laminectomy, but at the same time various types of interposing membranes were inserted experimentally to prevent adhesion of scar tissue and dura mater and nerve root. In Group 2, Gelfilm was inserted; Group 3, a fibrin membrane; Group 4, Silastic Sheet; Group 5, auto fascia and Group 6, auto fatty tissue. The results are based on findings obtained from 67 mature dogs. The tissue defect created after laminectomy became filled with scar tissue derived from the excised ends of the arch and the dorsal muscles, also representing the cause for adhesion with the dorsal dura mater. Fibrotic tissue extending from the dorsal aspect of the dura mater to the nerve root via the lateral wall joined at the dorsal aspect of the nerve root with the fibrotic tissue extending directly towards the nerve root from the excised ends of the arch. Adhesion between scar tissue and the dura mater of the lateral wall and the nerve root was observed 4 months after surgery. The use of interposed membranes after laminectomy suppresses fibrotic proliferation between the excised ends of the arch and nerve root and also inhibited fibrotic growth along the dorsal aspect to the lateral wall of the dura mater, and the results showed that at 4 months after surgery, inhibition in formation of scar tissue was noted in the dorsal aspect of the nerve root. A slight degree of flattening of the spinal cord was found in the laminectomy only group, but no such flattening could be seen in the fatty tissue transplanted group. PMID- 7229461 TI - [Studies on the sensitivity test of anticancer agents in malignant bone tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229462 TI - Electromyographic study of shoulder joint. AB - The abduction in the scapular plane and forward flexion of the arm were studied in ten subjects by electromyography combined with goniometry permitting simultaneous measurement of arm and glenohumeral angles. The "integrated" electromyograms from six should girdle muscles plotted against the arm angle were submitted to variance analysis for pattern discrimination. The progression of electromyographic activities in these muscles was discriminable with errors ranging from 0.0 to 26.3 percent and could be classified in several categories. Their relationship with functional mechanism to the abduction movement was not necessarily constant, but accelerated just before the maximum elevation. PMID- 7229463 TI - Evaluation of femoral neck fracture healing in man by serial 99mTc-diphosphonate scintimetry. AB - 99mTc-diphosphonate uptake was measured in thirty-four patients with intracapsular fractures of femoral neck and in sixteen patients with trochanteric fractures during their healing process. A peak value in count ratio was recorded in all patients 4 to 6 weeks after fractures. Fifty patients were classified into a normal healing group and a delayed or non-union group. Namely, 99mTc diphosphonate uptake was significantly higher in the delayed or non-union group than in the normal healing union group 10 weeks after injury. The application of 99mTc-diphosphonate scintimetry seems to make it possible to differentiate objectively the normal healing union from the delayed or non-union. PMID- 7229464 TI - [Injuries of the upper cervical vertebrae]. PMID- 7229465 TI - [Application of computed tomography in orthopedics]. PMID- 7229466 TI - [The induction of sister chromatid exchanges by anticancer agents in agents in cultured human lymphocytes and a hazard of muta-carcinogenicity in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229467 TI - [Immunological study of cryo-surgery. Animal experiment I]. PMID- 7229468 TI - [The prospective estimation of cancer treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229469 TI - [Experimental chemotherapy of human carcinomas serially transplanted to nude mice -an evaluation of the Battelle Columbus Laboratories Protocol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229470 TI - [A new chemotherapy using combination hemodialysis and direct hemoperfusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229471 TI - [Evaluation of peritoneal lavage cytology at operation in 247 primary gastric cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229472 TI - [CEA assays in postoperative detection of recurrent colorectal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229473 TI - [An attempt at clinical application of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents based on in vivo chemotherapeutic experiments with cancer of the digestive organs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229474 TI - [Radioeffects on the advanced cardiac gastric cancers treated preoperatively by one to three times a week irradiation methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229475 TI - [Clinical findings of diabetes mellitus caused by anti-insulin receptor autoantibodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229476 TI - [Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies and myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229477 TI - [Lymphoreceptopathy in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229479 TI - [Roles of triglyceride lipase in lipoprotein metabolism--conversion of low density lipoprotein 1(LDL 1, 1.019 less than d less than 1.045) to low density lipoprotein 2(LDL 2, 1.045 less than d less than 1.063) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229478 TI - [Immunological studies on the chronic hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229480 TI - [Two adult cases of mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome (MCLS) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229481 TI - [A case of primary alveolar hypoventilation syndrome complicated with polycythemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229482 TI - [A case of pulmonary endometriosis with recurrent catamenial hemoptysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229483 TI - [A case of central diabetes insipidus associated with acquired vasopressin resistant diabetes insipidus due to hydronephrosis and gouty nephropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229484 TI - [DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229485 TI - [The evaluation of right ventricular overload. Assessment of various non-invasive methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229486 TI - [Serum ferritin concentration in uremics on maintenance hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229487 TI - [The study of QRS loop in spontaneous pneumothorax (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229488 TI - [A case of transient primary hypothyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229489 TI - [Role of ADH in the pathogenesis of hyponatremia in a case of primary adrenal insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229490 TI - [Hyperostosis frontalis interna and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229491 TI - Bilateral external ophthalmoplegia. PMID- 7229492 TI - Hemospermia and hypertension two case reports. PMID- 7229493 TI - Life threatening lactic acidosis in status epilepticus. PMID- 7229494 TI - Acute digoxin overdosage: potential role of colestipol therapy. PMID- 7229496 TI - Epilepsia tornado. PMID- 7229495 TI - Non-operative management of pseudotumor cerebri caused by lateral sinus thrombosis. PMID- 7229497 TI - Unilateral pulmonary edema in Swyer-James syndrome. PMID- 7229498 TI - Temporary resistance to heparin and warfarin in treatment of deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 7229499 TI - The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone associated with amitriptyline or trifluoperazine administration. PMID- 7229500 TI - Hypothyroidism and coma. PMID- 7229501 TI - Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: A review of the Fredet-Ramstedt Pyloromyotomy. PMID- 7229502 TI - Lithium intoxication: case report and review of treatment. PMID- 7229503 TI - CCAML. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. PMID- 7229504 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot: cases with absent pulmonary valve. PMID- 7229505 TI - Malaria: an unusual cause of FUO in Kansas. PMID- 7229506 TI - Regional perinatal care: Kansas/1979. PMID- 7229507 TI - Metoclopramide: a promising old drug. PMID- 7229508 TI - C-reactive protein and the acute-phase response. PMID- 7229509 TI - The hemolytic effect of primaquine V. Primaquine sensitivity as a manifestation of a multiple drug sensitivity. PMID- 7229510 TI - Multiple gene interactions in pharmacogenetics. PMID- 7229511 TI - Interactions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency with drug acetylation and hydroxylation reactions. AB - We hypothesize that the bimodal distribution of hemolytic response by G6PG deficient individuals to particular drugs such as sulfones may be due to the genetically determined acetylation rate of those drugs. Since metabolism, e.g., hydroxylation, may be required for these drugs to become hemolytic, genetically and environmentally determined variation in hydroxylation of a drug may also contribute to this variability in hemolytic response. To test the possibilities that acetylation and hydroxylation alter the hemolytic potential of these drugs, we incubated G6PG-deficient and normal red cells with mouse liver microsomes at two states of hydroxylase activity (uninduced and induced), an NADPH-generating system, and acetylated or unacetylated drug. We then measured GSH depletion in the cells as an indicator of prelytic cell damage. We found that in the presence of induced (high hydroxylase activity) microsomes, thiazolsulfone (Promizole) or DDS in unacetylated form caused the highest level of GSH depletion in G6PD deficient red cells. Acetylation protected against GSH depletion. The specificity of the hydroxylation reaction in producing marked GSH depletion was shown by the protective effect of a specific hydroxylation inhibitor. Our results indicate that G6PD-deficient, genetically slow acetylators, having high microsomal activity, would be most susceptible to Promizole- or DDS-induced hemolysis, compared to other metabolic phenotypes. In addition, the bimodality in hemolytic response to Promizole probably corresponds to the bimodal distribution of acetylator phenotype in the population. PMID- 7229512 TI - Platelets increase neutrophil adherence in vitro to nylon fiber. AB - The effect of platelets on the adherence of neutrophils to nylon fiber was assessed in whole blood samples and purified neutrophil suspensions in the presence or absence of plasma. In whole blood samples, increasing numbers of platelets were associated (r = 0.47, p less than 0.02) with increasing adherence of neutrophils. Addition of platelets in plasma to purified neutrophil suspensions increased (p less than 0.05) neutrophil adherence from 76.2% +/- 1.4 to 88.0% +/- 2.0. Similarly, addition of washed platelets without plasma also increased (p less than 0.05) neutrophil adherence from 67.9% +/- 5.8 (without added platelets) to 94.2% +/- 1.6 (with 300,000 platelets/mm3 added). In contrast, no augmentation of neutrophil adherence occurred if platelets had their aggregation response suppressed by pretreating platelet donors with aspirin. SEM supported these findings by showing platelets in close association with neutrophils adhering to nylon fiber. These findings emphasize the importance of platelet numbers and reactivity on the adherence of neutrophils. PMID- 7229513 TI - Correlations between the apoprotein C composition of very-low-density lipoproteins and triglyceridemia in subjects with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - The protein composition of apoprotein C regarding peptides CII, CIII1, and CIII2 has been studied in VLDLs in 59 normal or hypertriglyceridemic subjects. The percentages of the peptides found in each subject were correlated with serum triacylglycerol levels. There are very good correlations between the proportion of VLDL apo CII and triglyceridemia (r = -0.63) and between the proportion of CII1 and triglyceridemia (r = 0.66). The proportion of apo CII decreases as triacylglycerol level increases, whereas the proportion of apo CII1 increases under the same conditions. The percentage of apo CII2 varies in the same way as does apo CII, but to a lesser degree. The apo CII/CIII1 and apo CIII2/CIII1 ratios decrease as triglyceridemia increases. In contrast, the apo CII/CIII2 radio, though reduced, is not significantly modified. Mechanisms are reviewed that could lead to changes in apoprotein C in subjects with hyperlipoproteinemia, and the possible relationship with lipoprotein lipase activity is discussed. PMID- 7229514 TI - IgG rheumatoid factor: analysis of various species of IgG for detection by radioimmunoassay. AB - IgM RF is known to react with many species of IgG. This study examined nine species of IgG to determine which was the most sensitive and specific to detect IgG RF by radioimmunoassay. For 19 IgM RF-positive sera, horse IgG was significantly more sensitive than all IgG preparations tested except rabbit IgG. The IgG used include sheep, swine, goat, bovine, and chicken as well as human and baboon Fc. For 22 IgM RF-negative sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, only one was positive for IgG RF with rabbit IgG, whereas five were positive with horse IgG. Analysis after preparative ultracentrifugation of a variety of sera positive and negative for IgM RF indicated that horse IgG was more sensitive, whereas rabbit IgG was more specific for the detection of IgG RF by our radioimmunoassay. IgM RF, on the other hand, was more sensitively detected by human Fc than by any preparation other than whole human IgG. PMID- 7229515 TI - Differences in predominant energy substrate in relation to the resected hepatic mass in the phase immediately after hepatectomy. AB - Changes in the energy substrate utilized by the remnant liver after hepatectomy were studied in relation to the hepatic energy status in 25%, 70%, and 93% hepatectomized rabbits. In 25% hepatectomized rabbits, the energy charge ((ATP + 1/2ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP)) level of the remnant liver remained unchanged after hepatectomy and was not affected by portal infusion of (+)-octanoylcarnitine, an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. In contrast, the energy charge level of the remnant liver decreased rapidly after 70% hepatectomy and reached the lowest level of 0.77 at 12 to 24 hr after hepatectomy (p less than 0.01). At this time, the energy charge level was further decreased to 0.45 by (+)-octanoylcarnitine (p less than 0.001). It returned to near normal 4 days later. At this time, the effect of (+)-octanoylcarnitine was less evident, with the restoration of the energy change. In 93% hepatectomized rabbits, the energy charge level of the remnant liver decreased rapidly and steeply in the phase immediately after hepatectomy. It is suggested that the remnant liver metabolism switches to predominant utilization of fatty acid as an energy source when the energy charge decreases; it then becomes able to utilize glucose with the restoration of energy charge level. In addition, it is emphasized that hyperosmolar glucose solution or insulin administration during the early period after major hepatectomy should be reconsidered because of their inhibition of the mobilization of free fatty acid from adipose tissue. PMID- 7229516 TI - Infertility in association with high-risk obstetrics. PMID- 7229518 TI - Homograft cartilage in the treatment of an abscess in the nasal septum. AB - A series of five patients is presented, all of whom were treated with implantation of human septal cartilage for an abscess in the nasal septum. The cartilage had previously been stored in a cartilage bank; the operative method is described. The observation time was, on average, 33 months. No saddle deformity, retraction of the columella or ballooning of the nares was observed at follow-up. A single patient had to be re-operated upon for other reasons. No signs of resorption or rejection of the implant were observed at this operation. The functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory in all patients. PMID- 7229517 TI - Sub-mucous resection of the nasal septum. PMID- 7229519 TI - Aetiology and treatment of fronto-ethmoidal mucocele. PMID- 7229520 TI - The soft tissue/cartilage relationship in the laryngeal glottis. AB - A study of 93 larynges obtained at autopsy was made with regard to the proportion of cartilage and soft tissue in the glottis. The relevant measurements showed that the cartilage formed 48 per cent of the glottic opening and soft tissue (vibrating portion of the vocal cord) formed 52 per cent. The importance of this relationship to the classification and origin of laryngeal cancer is discussed, as is its relation to vocal cord nodules. PMID- 7229522 TI - The ENT problems following the Birmingham bombings. AB - The ENT problems following the Birmingham bombings of 1974 are presented. It is during the positive phase of bomb blast that the tympanic membrane ruptures. Spalling is a likely explanation for the mechanism of rupture of the tympanic membrane specially in large perforations. Tympanic membrane defects involving 80 per cent of the surface area of the drumhead or more persisted, whereas those involving less than 80 per cent healed with conservative treatment. The majority of perforations (81.4 per cent) healed spontaneously, with a three-layered membrane. A month should be allowed for the healing of every 10 per cent loss of the surface area of the drumhead. During surgical repair of persistent perforations, the malleus handle was found to be on a deeper plain than the long process of the incus. Tympanic membrane perforations did not protect the inner ear, the sensorineural deafness producing either a high tone or a flat loss. One in four of the victims seen in the hospital complained of deafness. A patient who suffered blast injuries to the lung also developed cord palsy. PMID- 7229521 TI - The changing pattern of laryngeal tuberculosis. AB - Laryngeal tuberculosis is now an uncommon disease in the United Kingdom. A series of ten cases is reported. In contrast to the pre-chemotherapy era, when the disease was associated with advanced cavitated pulmonary tuberculosis and was highly infectious, it now presents in a manner similar to laryngeal carcinoma except that painful dysphagia is a prominent symptom. All such patients should have a chest X-ray carried out as part of their initial investigation. Sputum is almost always positive for tubercle bacilli on direct films. Direct laryngoscopy and biopsy are necessary if a carcinoma is suspected. The change of pattern of the disease may be due to the fact that the larynx now usually becomes involved by haematogenous spread rather than by direct spread along the airways. Laryngeal tuberculosis is now no more infectious than pulmonary tuberculosis, and responds well to antituberculous chemotherapy. Symptoms resolve completely within three weeks if corticosteroids are given in combination. PMID- 7229523 TI - Clinical electromyography in ear, nose and throat practice. AB - A new method of surface 'integrated' electromyography is described for use in ENT practice. It is particularly suitable for the relatively delicate muscles of the mouth and throat. A special bipolar surface electrode has been designed to sample the interarytenoid, posterior crico-arytenoid and crico-pharyngeal sphincter. Very important EMG abnormalities have been found in a variety of neurolaryngological disorders, and it is expected that surface EMG will very soon become the method of choice in otolaryngology. PMID- 7229524 TI - Neurilemmoma of the pterygo-maxillary fossa. PMID- 7229525 TI - Laryngocele: an acquired condition. AB - A 20-year-old female underwent excision of the submandibular gland for chronic sialadenitis and salivary calculus. She developed a wound hematoma which became infected. A wound abscess occurred which discharged spontaneously into the larynx and led to the formation of a combined laryngocele. This was excised, and the patient made a smooth recovery. There is no evidence of recurrence after two years. PMID- 7229526 TI - comparison of materia and remedia teacher teaching styles with good and poor readers. PMID- 7229527 TI - Blueprint for the diagnosis of difficulties with cardinality. PMID- 7229528 TI - Restructuring dysfunctional parental attitudes toward children's learning and behavior in school: family-oriented psychoeducational therapy. Part I. PMID- 7229529 TI - A demonstration of the concept of 'hyperlearning'. PMID- 7229530 TI - Toward the least restrictive environment: high school L.D. students. PMID- 7229531 TI - An in-service workshop model for regular class teachers concerning mainstreaming of the learning disabled child. PMID- 7229532 TI - The young disabled reader: acquisition stategies and associated deficits. PMID- 7229533 TI - Effects of glycemic alterations and noun imagery on the learning of paired associates. PMID- 7229534 TI - The performance of learning disabled children on tests of auditory discrimination. PMID- 7229536 TI - The re-emergence of Gestalt psychology and implications for reading readiness. PMID- 7229537 TI - Mainstreaming exceptional children by functional achievement grouping. PMID- 7229535 TI - The comprehensive treatment of hyperactive children: a continuing problem. PMID- 7229538 TI - McCarthy Scales as a learning disability diagnostic aid: a closer look. PMID- 7229539 TI - Piagetian theory and the atypical case: an analysis of the developmental Gerstmann syndrome. PMID- 7229540 TI - An analysis of letter reversals in children and a model for an approach to remediation. PMID- 7229541 TI - A non-verbal child in a regular classroom. PMID- 7229542 TI - Teach reading disabled students to perceive distinctive features in words. PMID- 7229543 TI - Our professional commitment as auxiliary staff members. PMID- 7229544 TI - Power and persuasion: the superintendent's role in designing therapeutic education for L/LD children. PMID- 7229545 TI - The role of modulator: a strategy for treatment of learning disabilities. PMID- 7229546 TI - Visual search in learning disabled and hyperactive boys. PMID- 7229547 TI - Do language-learning disabled children (L/LDs) have impaired memories? In search of underlying processes. PMID- 7229548 TI - Resource and regular classroom behavior of learning disabled students. PMID- 7229549 TI - Effective mainstreaming for the learning disabled student with behavior problems. PMID- 7229550 TI - Double-blind study of children with hyperkinetic syndrome treated with multi allergen extract sublingually. PMID- 7229551 TI - Semel Auditory Processing Program: training effects among children with language learning disabilities. PMID- 7229552 TI - Facilitating interpersonal functioning with peers in learning-disabled children. PMID- 7229553 TI - Effects of varying unit size on spelling achievement in learning disabled children. PMID- 7229554 TI - The effects of bilateral EEG biofeedback on verbal, visual-spatial, and creative skills in learning disabled male adolescents. PMID- 7229555 TI - The effects of group psychotherapy on the adjustment of four 12-year-old boys with learning and behavior problems. PMID- 7229556 TI - Residual attentional deficits in adolescents. PMID- 7229557 TI - A therapeutic approach to help children overcome learning difficulties. PMID- 7229558 TI - An analysis of IEP's for LD youngsters. PMID- 7229559 TI - Flexible sigmoidoscopy -- an office procedure. PMID- 7229560 TI - Advertising by professionals: implications for Georgia physicians. PMID- 7229561 TI - Evaluation and management of ventricular premature depolarizations. PMID- 7229562 TI - Empathy and sympathy as tactile encounter. AB - Empathy and sympathy are feeling-acts which bring the self into direct encounter with other persons. In empathy a self grasps the affective act of another self; in sympathy xn persons apprehend a common object while immersed in similar feeling acts. Since touch is the paradigmatic sense for bringing what is felt into proximity with feeling, structural affinities between touch and these feeling acts can be shown. This relationship has been obscured by classical theories of touch in which it is interpreted on analogy with the other senses. When the subject of touch is seen as the living body in a whole, the full range of its possible relationships to affective states can be explored. In this connection the theories of touch of Aristotle, Berkeley and Condillac are critically evaluated. While none recognizes the uniqueness of touch, each sees difficulties in incorporating touch in a general theory of sense. In the course of the exposition pity is distinguished from empathy and sympathy and a criticism of Nietzsche's ressentiment theory offered. PMID- 7229563 TI - Vagueness and empathy: a Jamesian view. AB - Three types of thought about the world are put forth by James in Pragmatism: common sense, science, and philosophy. The worlds of science and philosophy reified and idealized aspects of the vague, intersubjective world of common sense. However, once "formed" these two worlds are themselves "formative." They can and have infected the vague world of common sense with a quest for certainty and immediacy. Empathy arises as a problem through the conceptual world views of science and philosophy, insofar as the vague is not acceptable. Using James' views on language and his metaphysics, I argue that empathy appears epistemically as an issue unsolvable in terms of certainty, and empathy appear ontologically as an issue which compels action. In medicine, empathy exists as a problem because pure consciousness has come upon the scene as a "rip" or "tear," in Sartrean terminology. The physician finds himself "encrusted twice over"; consciousness has arisen and also professional consciousness has arisen. He/she works back, not simply toward the world of common sense, now infected, but toward the pre reflective world. Such a recovery is never complete, yet such a recovery must always be attempted. PMID- 7229564 TI - Bridging clinical distance: an empathic rediscovery of the known. AB - In this essay, I argue that traditional medical views of illness systematically exclude intuitive knowledge from their description of disease and thus result in a functionally impressive but humanly ungrounded medicine. Physicians trained in a technologized anatomico-pathologic view of disease find themselves cut off from much of what they knew about illness when they began their training. Not only do they lack a rigorous or formal way to confront the non-technical aspects of medical practice, but many have even lost sight of the motives for medicine. I argue here for an intuitively based humanly grounded ontology of illness. Such an ontology begins in an understanding of the experience of the sick person rather than in a "objective" description of pathology. It is only through a science of illness-as-lived that one may achieve a truly humanistic medicine. PMID- 7229565 TI - Depth psychology, death and the hermeneutic of empathy. AB - The paper develops an understanding of empathy by considering the role of time in distinct empathic situations. Beginning with a brief review of the history of the concept of empathy the argument proceeds to the notion that empathy entails the universalization of an individual's experience. This results in the domination of the experience of the other by appeal to what is termed the "always." Depth psychology, especially in Jungian form, shows us that empathy can in fact take this highly negative form by way of projection. The association of empathy and projection brings us to the question of how one confronts the death of the other in an empathic manner. Here the problem of one's individual temporality becomes crucial. In order to retain the unique and the personal experience of one's own death as a prospect in the future it is necessary to overcome any empathic relationship to the person who has died. This necessity gives rise to a hermeneutic of empathy which seeks to overcome the experience of the "always." PMID- 7229566 TI - A collaborative review of infective endocarditis in Thai children. PMID- 7229567 TI - Studies of rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease and streptococcal infection of Si-Chang Island. PMID- 7229568 TI - Studies on Necator americanus, Thai-Strain. The prevalence, distribution and faecal egg count of Necator Americanus in the human intestine. PMID- 7229569 TI - Comparison of hemagglutination inhibiton test and radioimmunoassay for morphine in urine. PMID- 7229570 TI - A choledocho-duodenal fistula. PMID- 7229571 TI - Tick and cockroach as foreign bodies in the ear. PMID- 7229572 TI - Malignant histiocytosis in a newborn: report of a case. PMID- 7229573 TI - Methamphetamine and time estimation. AB - Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of methamphetamine on the performance of rats in two timing tasks. When food sometimes followed the first response after T sec of a signal, the response rate increased to a peak near T sec and then declined. Methamphetamine decreased the time of the peak (Experiments 1 and 2). When one response (called a "short response") was reinforced following a short signal and a different response (a "long response") was reinforced following a long signal (where the short and long signals were 1 and 4, 2 and 8, or 4 and 16 sec), the probability of a long response increased as a function of signal duration. The point of indifference (50% long response) occurred near the geometric mean of the extreme durations, and methamphetamine decreased the point of indifference by about 10%. These results suggest that methamphetamine increases the speed of an internal clock used by rats in time discrimination tasks. PMID- 7229574 TI - Conditioned taste preferences based on caloric density. AB - Conditioning involved adding one flavor (e.g., vanilla) to an artificial diet of high caloric density and a second flavor (e.g., anise) to a similar low-calorie diet. When the rats were tested with identical foods to which the flavors were added, they showed a strong preference for the high-calorie flavor. The parameters of conditioning were varied in four experiments, which showed that the conditioning of taste preferences is rapid and powerful and has generality over a range of conditioned stimulus parameters. The last experiment indicated that the unconditioned stimulus for this conditioning is probably some oral cue, such as the taste of starch, which is correlated with caloric benefit, rather than caloric benefit per se. PMID- 7229575 TI - Thoughts on standardization in the eighties. PMID- 7229576 TI - Sources of error in sampling and sample preparation for trace element analysis in medicine. PMID- 7229577 TI - A multivariate approach for the biometric comparison of analytical methods in clinical chemistry. AB - The structural relationship model is recommended for the comparison of analytical methods in clinical chemistry. This model is based on the partition of the observed measurements of the different methods in 2 hypothetical random variables: the "expected values", which represent the correct value of the analyte with no error of measurement, and the "error term" representing the measurement errors. it is assumed, that both these variables are normally distributed. There exists a linear structural relation between different analytical methods for the same analyte, provided the correlation coefficient between each pair of the expected values of these models is 1. This linear structural relationship is expressed by the mean values mui and standard deviations alpha i of the expected values, whereas the standard deviations of the error terms determine the precision of the methods. As a measure of the precision the coefficient of determination R(2)i is recommended. The model of structural relationship is an extension of th well known regression models and gives a more realistic approach to the comparison of 2 or more analytical methods. With 2 methods the standardized principle component should therefore replace the regression analysis. The slope of this principle component is identical with the ratio sy/sx. Statistical methods for the estimation and for the tests of hypotheses of the parameters are derived and demonstrated with an example. PMID- 7229578 TI - Comparison of substrates for measuring cystyl-amino peptidase activity in serum of pregnancy and hepatic disease and in various tissues. PMID- 7229579 TI - Enzymatic determination of lipoprotein-X, a specific serum cholestasis marker. AB - Non-esterified cholesterol was determined enzymatically with the cholesterol oxidase-peroxidase reaction using phenol and 4-aminophenazone as chromogens. This assay as done in the supernatant containing the lipoprotein-X. Other serum lipoproteins were removed by precipitation with heparin and zinc acetate followed by centrifugation. No standardization was required, the lipoprotein-X concentration being calculated with the use of the constant. PMID- 7229580 TI - Plasma polyamine levels in patients with liver insufficiency. PMID- 7229581 TI - [An improved method for selective determination of serum albumin by the bromcresol green method, using the SMAR 12/60 (author's transl)]. AB - The estimation of serum albumin obtained with SMAR 12/60 by the bromcresol green method are in good agreement with values determined by electrophoresis only in the normal range. Interestingly marked discrepancies occur in the clinically relevant cases of hypalbuminosis. The shortening of the reaction time between bromcresol green and serum results in a better agreement between the values obtained with SMAR 12/60 and the values determined by electrophoresis over the whole range. PMID- 7229582 TI - Estimation of decision criteria for the uric acid concentration for the early diagnosis of gestosis. AB - An increase of the serum uric acid concentration of pregnant women can indicate an EPH gestosis with a high risk. Above a uric acid level of 270 mumol/l (and of 315 mumol/l after the 32nd. week of pregnancy) and gestosis has become moderate. An increased risk for mother and fetus must then be assumed. This decision point is estimated by comparing three techniques: The ROC-curve-method and the determination of the maximal efficiency and of the maximal information content. PMID- 7229584 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in a family medicine residency. AB - A model for teaching family medicine residents basic and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation is described. The curriculum includes two phases: (1) 13 hours of instruction to first year residents during the first two months of the residency; and (2) continuing education and practice for second and third year residents. The residents maintain certification in Basic Cardiac Life Support through the American Heart Association. Teaching methods combine practical skills development, simulated patient care, and didactic sessions in a curriculum that is feasible in terms of resident's time, faculty input, and cost. The residents strongly endorse the training, and objective improvement in their performance is documented by examinations given before and after the course. PMID- 7229583 TI - Diagnosis and therapy of sleep apnea. AB - The presenting symptom complex, diagnostic features, and therapeutic alternatives for obstructive and central sleep apnea are discussed in relation to two illustrative patients. Heavy snoring and restlessness during sleep in an obese individual, usually a male, may indicate obstructive apnea. Daytime hypersomnolence, intellectual deterioration, mental depression, impotence, cardiac arrhythmias, cor pulmonale, systemic hypertension, and erythrocytosis are the most common complications. Tracheostomy, the classic form of therapy, can be replaced by pharmacologic intervention in most patients. The clinical presentation of central apnea is less dramatic, but neurological and cardiac complications can occur. Therapy is less well established for this entity. Knowledge of the increased incidence of these disorders and awareness of more subtle complications indicate that sleep apnea should be placed in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary and systemic hypertension, hypersomnolence states, mental deterioration, psychiatric illness, and even insomnia. PMID- 7229585 TI - Case-control diagnosis and Bayesian inference in common viral infections. AB - The predictive values of symptoms and signs for given diseases are often unknown. The fact that a high proportion of individuals with a certain disease may have a specific group of symptoms (the case-control approach) does not necessarily mean that the specific group of symptoms will allow one reliably to diagnose the disease. This study, utilizing a population based data set for common acute infections, shows that descriptions of common viral illnesses found in medical textbooks that associate illnesses with symptoms do not allow one to predict reliably isolation of the supposed causal organism. Positive predictive value of groups of symptoms for specific viral infections did not exceed 11 percent in this study. However, the data closely fitted the Bayesian statistical model often proposed for such decision making by physicians. PMID- 7229586 TI - The family physician's knowledge of the cost of prescribed drugs. AB - In this study practicing physicians, residents and teaching faculty estimated cost to the patient of ten commonly prescribed drugs. Physician estimates were compared to averaage pharmacy prices. On the whole, physicians overestimated the costs of the drugs. Practicing physicians had the highest estimated while residents were the most accurate. Accuracy of price estimates differed greatly among the drugs. Physicians were also asked about their sources of drug price information and their prescribing policies in relation to cost. Residents and faculty relied heavily on pharmacists for the drug price information, whereas practicing physicians rellied on sales representatives and patients. Virtually all responders assign at least some importance to drug costs when prescribing. Residents and faculty reported prescribing generically more often than practicing physicians. PMID- 7229587 TI - Women's choice of home or hospital birth. AB - In the current professional debate over the relative advantages and disadvantages of birth in hospitals vs birth at home, chief concern has been given to issues of medical risk. However, little is known about how lay women as consumers of maternity care assess the risks of birth location. This paper briefly reviews the social literature examining the factors that influence women's obstetric plans in a variety of social and cultural contexts. Two important considerations emerge. First, women's perceptions of medical risk frequently do not conform to mainstream obstetrics doctrine, and second, women's birth plans are based on evaluations of social as well as medical risks and benefits connected with place of birth. PMID- 7229588 TI - A process group approach to stress reduction and personal growth in a family practice residency program. AB - A family practice residency experience presents both stress and the opportunity for personal growth. One approach to focusing on these issues is a process oriented group. This paper describes the evolution of such a group. Content areas that emerged in the group are discussed in terms of the variety of stresses experienced by residents, especially those engendered by changing and conflicting role expectations. Changes in group process over time are described. Outcome is discussed in terms of individual stress reduction, personal growth, improved interpersonal relationships, increased ability to comfortably interact with patients, and knowledge gained about dynamics relevant to the treatment of families as groups. PMID- 7229589 TI - Hearing loss. AB - Defective hearing is the most prevalent chronic health problem in the United States, making it a primary concern of the physician. Failure to diagnose, misdiagnose, and delay of diagnosis of hearing loss are common errors that have serious implications. However, they can be avoided. If children exhibiting the symptoms of delayed language, articulation defects, and academic problems (especially with reading or a medical history of certain diseases) are referred for audiological testing, most cases of hearing impairment will be promptly detected. With adults the implications of hearing loss are different, both medically and psychosocially. After 30 years of age the prevalence of hearing defects increases rapidly. Some major causes are noise, otosclerosis, otitis media, and presbycusis. Surgery and amplification are the principle treatments. Management of nonmedical aspects should involve programs such as the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation, state schools for the deaf, and sign language classes. PMID- 7229590 TI - Intervention strategies in management of obesity. PMID- 7229591 TI - Lofgren's syndrome and arthritis. PMID- 7229592 TI - Interviewing skills training in a family practice residency program. PMID- 7229594 TI - Toward a middle ground in the technology debate in obstetric care. PMID- 7229593 TI - Requirements for residency training in family practice. PMID- 7229595 TI - Patient compliance to individualized home exercise programs. AB - Of individuals prescribed individualized home exercise programs, 55.2 percent continued to achieve greater than 75 percent of thier exercising goal after 32 weeks of participation. A method of predicting compliance early in the course of an exercise program is presented. The parameters as outlined were successful in correctly predicting by four weeks of participation the level of compliance in 89.6 percent of the individuals in this program. Family physicians should therefore be encouraged to prescribe exercise for their patients with the expectation of a significant compliant response. Early predictability also provides the physician the opportunity of intervention and modification of the program to further enhance compliance. PMID- 7229596 TI - Wing buds with three ZPAs. AB - It has been hypothesized that a diffusible morphogen emanates from the ZPA of the embryonic chick limb and that cells can have their presumptive fate respecified to form more posterior structures when exposed to a higher concentration of morphogen. Attempts to raise the concentration of morphogen by grafting two additional ZPAs into a host wing bud failed. Instead, the greater the positional disparity between the donor and host tissue at the graft sites, the greater the number of extra structures that formed. PMID- 7229597 TI - Poly (A) . oligo (dT)-stimulated DNA polymerase activity in preimplantation mouse embryos. AB - DNA polymerase activity with Poly (A) . oligo(dT) as a template-primer has been found in preimplantation mouse embryos. A sharp increase in enzyme activity was observed at the time of formation of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast cells. Differential inhibition of enzyme activity before and after ICM formation raised the possibility that more than one Poly(A) . oligo(dT)-directed DNA polymerase was detected. PMID- 7229598 TI - Reversible stage-specific embryonic inhibition mediated by the presence of adults in the annual fish Nothobranchius guentheri. AB - Nothobranchius guentheri, an annual fish from East Africa, is found in temporary ponds, pools, and streams that dry seasonally. The populations survive the dry seasons in the form of thickly chorionated embryos encased in the muddy substrates. When N. guentheri adults are allowed to spawn in the laboratory at 24.0 +/- 1 degree C and the fertilized eggs are collected shortly afterwards, formation of the embryonic axis normally occurs within 5 to 11 days. However, examination of embryo populations obtained from unaerated aquaria after uninterrupted spawning periods of up to 2 or 3 months revealed only rare instances of embryogenesis. The overwhelming majority of embryos proceeded no further than the dispersed cell phase (diapause I, stage 20). Spawning was found to be continuous throughout these prolonged periods and the possibility of adult predation was eliminated. While low PO2 has been determined to be a factor contributing to the duration of diapause I, determinations of PO2, PCO2, pH, free ammonia and bacterial flora indicated that aquarium conditions could support embryogenesis. Only embryos at stages 20 and 32, both being stages of naturally occurring diapause, could be inhibited. The inhibitory effect was dependent on the adult density and was diminished with aeration. It is proposed that, in nature, the adult-produced inhibitory factor may be useful in the conservation and augmentation of the embryonic reserve which is the mainstay of annual fish populations in tropical areas of alternating rainy and dry seasons. PMID- 7229599 TI - Glycoprotein secretions of the epididymis in the rabbit and hamster: localization on epididymal spermatozoa and the effect of specific antibodies on fertilization in vivo. AB - To assess the functional significance of glycoprotein secretions of the rabbit and hamster epididymis during sperm maturation and fertilization, antibodies have been raised against acidic protein fractions isolated from epididymal fluid. Specific antiserum was elicited against each of three rabbit glycoproteins designated R1, R2, and R3 with isoelectric points of pI 3.45, 4.15, and 4.65 respectively, and against one hamster glycoprotein (Hl), pI 3.40. Epididymal glycoproteins on the surface of washed spermatozoa from various regions of the epididymis were localized by the fluorescent antibody technique and by sperm agglutination with antiserum. They were first detected on restricted regions of spermatozoa from the distal caput and corpus epididymidis and each antigen had a characteristic binding pattern. The effect of specific antibodies on fertilization in vivo was tested in rabbits by preincubating cauda epididymal spermatozoa with heat-treated antiserum or univalent immunoglobulin fragments before their deposition into oviducts of does induced to ovulate. In all cases, fertilization rates were significantly reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) compared with controls, the most effective antiserum being against glycoprotein antigen R1 found only on the anterior acrosome of spermatozoa. Heat-treated antiserum against H1 glycoprotein placed in the bursal cavity of ovulating females significantly inhibited fertilization in the hamster (P less than or equal to 0.005). These results are discussed in relation to the modification to the sperm plasmalemma during maturation. PMID- 7229600 TI - Comparative extraocular muscle blood flow. AB - This study was designed to quantitatively determined blood flow to the extraocular muscles (EOM) of animals showing a wide range of ocular motility Blood-flow values (ml/minute/gm) for EOM in primates (0.25 +/- 0.03), dogs (0.33 +/- 0.06), sheep (0.12 +/- 0.01), and geese (0.12 +/- 0.04) were determined using the Reference Sample Method with 15 +/- 3 micrometer 103Ru microspheres and complete cardiovascular monitoring. Mammalian EOM blood flow was significantly higher than that determined for other skeletal muscle; however, EOM blood-flow values for sheep were significantly lower than those for primates and dogs. No significant blood-flow differences were found between avian EOM and other skeletal muscle, reflecting the unique avian ocular anatomy. These data indicate that high blood flow is not a general property of EOM and suggest a relationship between functional ocular motility and blood flow. PMID- 7229601 TI - Is the medical marriage hazardous to your health? PMID- 7229602 TI - The prevention of physician impairment. PMID- 7229603 TI - Occupational stress and productivity: strategies for physical and fiscal health. PMID- 7229605 TI - System failure the impaired physician. PMID- 7229606 TI - Update: FMA-FMF impaired physician program. PMID- 7229604 TI - Are doctors different? Reflections on the psychodynamics of physicians. PMID- 7229607 TI - The Methodist Hospice program. PMID- 7229608 TI - Latent fingerprints and their detection. PMID- 7229610 TI - The use of hypnosis in police investigation. PMID- 7229609 TI - Defect marks and the identification of photocopying machines. PMID- 7229611 TI - Osmotic water permeability of human red cells. AB - The osmotic water permeability of human red cells has been reexamined with a stopped-flow device and a new perturbation technique. Small osmotic gradients are used to minimize the systematic error caused by nonlinearities in the relationship between cell volume and light scattering. Corrections are then made for residual systematic error. Our results show that the hydraulic conductivity, Lp, is essentially independent of the direction of water flow and of osmolality in the range 184-365 mosM. the mean value of Lp obtained obtained was 1.8 +/- 0.1 (SEM) X 10-11 cm3 dyne -1 s-1. PMID- 7229612 TI - A pigmented mycelial antibiotic in Streptomyces coelicolor: control by a chromosomal gene cluster. AB - Streptomyces coelicolor was found to produce a third secondary metabolite, in addition to the antibiotics methylenomycin A and actinorhodin previously described. This is a red pigmented, highly non-polar compound with antibiotic activity against certain Gram-positive bacteria. Mutants lacking the red compound fell into five cosynthetic classes. Representatives of each of the five classes were mapped to the chromosome of the producing organism, in a closely linked cluster. Genetic studies provided evidence that this new metabolite is distinct from actinorhodin and indicated that the two pigments do not share parts of the same biosynthetic pathway. PMID- 7229614 TI - The deposition of Streptococcus sanguis NCTC 7868 from a flowing suspension. AB - Measurements were made of the rates at which continuously cultured Streptococcus sanguis NCTC 7868 cells accumulated on the inside surfaces of narrow glass capillaries from suspensions of the bacteria flowing down the capillaries at different velocities. Initially, the rate of accumulation of bacteria on the clean walls of the capillary was rapid. The deposition rate decreased with time, however, resulting in a saturation coverage of the glass surface which was considerably less than a monolayer. Multilayer coverage of the tube surface by bacteria was only achieved when fresh nutrient was pumped over deposited cells. This was attributed to cell growth. Although theoretical considerations of the deposition of small particles on to the walls of a tube suggest that the initial deposition rate should increase with flow rate, this was not the case with cells grown at dilution rates of 0.2 and 0.5 h-1. It is suggested that this can be explained by a polymer bridging mechanism of attachment. PMID- 7229613 TI - Inapparent chlamydial infection in the urogenital tract of guinea-pigs. AB - Microbiologically inapparent urogenital infection appeared to be induced in male guinea-pigs inoculated intra-urethrally with low doses of the guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis strain (GP-IC) of Chlamydia psittaci. This state was indicated by the ability of inoculated animals to donate eye infection to normal animals caged with them. Donors failed to develop overt urogenital infection throughout the period of transmission judged by both absence of infected cells in urethral scrapings and failure to isolate GP-IC in cell culture; however, inoculation of donors with 5-iododeoxyuridine led to transient appearance of infectivity in scrapings. In distinction from overtly infected animals, donors failed to develop serum antibody and remained susceptible to urethral challenge with larger doses of GP-IC. Animals that had recovered from overt urethral infection were resistant to challenge and appeared unable to transmit eye infection. PMID- 7229615 TI - A study of the Va-1 group of pseudomonads and its relationship to Pseudomonas pickettii. AB - The Va-1 group of denitrifying pseudomonads was characterized and compared with Pseudomonas pickettii (Va-2). They share many features but differ in their production of acid from cellobiose, lactose and maltose and in their denitrification (gas from nitrate) at 35 degrees C. DNA-DNA hybridizations between a strain of Va-1 and the type strain of P. pickettii disclosed 84% homology and hence indicated that Va-1 is a biovar of this species. Since both are potential human pathogens, features are presented that distinguish these and other phenotypically similar species that are recovered from clinical specimens. PMID- 7229616 TI - Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific structures found in cytoplasmic extracts of cells producing HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in vitro. AB - Two kinds of hepatitis B virus-specific particles are present in cytoplasmic extracts of hepatoma cells synthesizing hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen. One class of particle contains the surface antigen of the virus, is 20S in size and has a buoyant density (in CsCl) of 1.2 g/ml. The second class of particle is a deoxyribonucleoprotein (CNP) with 1.3 g/ml buoyant density (in CsCl) and is 30S in size, the DNA of which contains HBV sequences thus proving virus specificity. PMID- 7229617 TI - Cross-protection correlates with delayed antibody formation to challenge virus after immunization with Sindbis virus. AB - Mice immunized with Sindbis virus, strains HR (heat-resistant) or AR339, by a dual injection given intracerebrally (i.c.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.) at day zero, were cross-protected from challenge at day 10 with Semliki Forest virus (SFV). Neutralizing and haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies to Sindbis are detected in high titre by day 6 after immunization but no cross-reacting antibodies to SFV were found up to day 42. Immunized mice that were challenged with SFV showed an 8 to 10 day delay in the appearance of antibody to SFV compared to mice that were sham-inoculated. Thus, cross-protection in Sindbis immunized animals was correlated with a temporary suppression of antibody formation to the challenge virus (SFV), while the appearance of high titre antibody to SFV in sham-immunized mice after challenge with SFV did not protect. PMID- 7229618 TI - Analysis of the origin of charge heterogeneity of Rauscher murine leukaemia virus p30. AB - Preparations of the 30 X 10(3) mol. wt. protein (p30) of Rauscher murine leukaemia virus (R-MuLV) which had been purified to homogeneity as judged by gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS and by amino-terminal amino acid analysis, showed considerable isoelectric heterogeneity. It was found that R-MuLV p30 polypeptide chains are easily converted in vitro into chains with more acidic isoelectric points. R-MuLV p30 polypeptides with different isoelectric points displayed the same set of 125I-labelled tryptic peptides. It is concluded that the charge heterogeneity of R-MuLV p30, as revealed in isoelectric focusing experiments, is not caused by genetic heterogeneity of the virus genome but by post-translational modification. PMID- 7229619 TI - Anti-DNA, anti-HBc correlations with RIA-detected HBeAg and anti-HBe in chronic HBsAg carriers. AB - The interrelations of 1) antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg)--anti-HBc; 2) single-stranded DNA-binding antibodies (anti-DNA); and 3) the e antigen/antibody system--hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe), were studied in 150 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, in 43 of whom diagnostic liver biopsies had been performed. There was a good correlation between titers of anti-HBc and anti-DNA, regarded as indicators of viral and pathological activity, respectively, as well as between levels of these two antibodies and the presence of HBeAg or anti-HBE as detected by radio-immune assay (RIA). In general, HBeAg-positive carriers showed high anti-HBc and high anti-DNA titers, while the carriers positive for anti-HBe had low titers of both. These findings were in accord with the histopathological results. The three serologic parameters, anti-HBc, anti-DNA, and e-antigen/antibody, should together prove useful for the evaluation of the clinical status of chronic HBsAg carriers. PMID- 7229620 TI - Quantitative relationship between HBeAg and DNA polymerase activity in sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis during a three-month period. AB - In eight patients with biopsy-confirmed chronic active hepatitis (CAH), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) levels and DNA polymerase (DNA-P) activity were assayed three times a week for six weeks and once a week for another six weeks. HBeAg levels were rather constant, whereas DNA-P activity fluctuated. No correlation was observed between the quantities of HBeAg and DNA-P activity. An unexpected fluctuation in DNA-P activity was noted in all patients after an influenza vaccination. PMID- 7229621 TI - Evaluation of a new radioimmunoassay for detecting hepatitis B e antigen and its antibody. AB - A new commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) (Abbott-HBeTM) was used for determination of hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody (anti-HBe). Serial serum samples from 20 transiently HBsAg-positive patients with acute hepatitis were tested. In nearly all patients HBeAg could be shown for a short period with subsequent development of anti-HBe. From 24 chronic HBsAg carriers serial serum samples collected during several years were tested. In 18 of 19 initially HBeAg-positive patients the HBeAg was lost after 6 months to 6 years; in 14 anti-HBe developed. A correlation was seen between the seroconversion and normalization of elevated alanine transferase levels. From another 22 chronic HBsAg carriers single serum samples were assayed. These samples were selected because neither HBeAg nor anti-HBe could be detected by the immunodiffusion (ID) technique. They had previously been examined for HBV-associated DNA-polymerase activity. In 20 patients HBeAg or anti-HBe could be detected by RIA. Those who were DNA-polymerase negative had anti-HBe, and 3 of 4 who were DNA-polymerase positive had HBeAg. When compared to earlier results by ID in these materials a higher frequency of HBeAg and, in particular, anti-HBe was detected by the RIA. By this test, HBeAg or anti-HBe was found in nearly all patients. The usefulness of HBeAg/anti-HBe in the evaluation of infectivity and prognosis in hepatitis B has been limited by the low sensitivity of the earlier test systems. Thus, this new RIA is a valuable addition to the diagnostic tests for patients with hepatitis B. PMID- 7229622 TI - A vaccine prepared from the 22 nm particles of surface hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg). AB - A method for obtaining a subunit inactivated vaccine preparation from the 22-nm particles of HBsAg is proposed. For inactivation of the residual infectious hepatitis B virus (HBV) the preparations were successively treated with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nucleases. In addition, thermal denaturation and ultraviolet irradiation of HBV DNA were used. As a control the biologic activity of a reference virus (SV40) was tested after the same treatment. The effectiveness of DNA inactivation was monitored by adding 3H-thymidine labeled reference virus to the vaccine preparations. The purified and inactivated HBsAg was adsorbed on Al2O3. Antigenicity was calculated on the basis of the determination of antibody in guinea pigs immunized with various doses of the vaccine, and the release of 125I- HBsAg from blood and kidneys in immunized and control mice was analyzed. Possible methods of inactivation and control of HBV vaccine is discussed. PMID- 7229623 TI - Rift Valley fever virus infection in man in Nigeria. PMID- 7229624 TI - Detection of antibodies to single-stranded DNA in naturally acquired and experimentally induced viral hepatitis. AB - A sensitive "Farr" assay, utilizing 125I-labelled DNA was developed for detecting antibody to single-stranded DNA (anti-ssDNA). The test was shown to be specific and as sensitive as assays using 14C-labelled DNA, for the detection of antibody in patients with connective tissue diseases. Groups of sera from patients with naturally acquired viral hepatitis and experimentally infected chimpanzees were tested for anti-ssDNA by the 125I assay and by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). No consistent pattern was observed with either technique, indicating the elevated levels of this antibody are not as reliable markers of parenchymal liver damage as had been previously suggested. PMID- 7229625 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) in peritoneal fluid of HBSAg carriers undergoing peritoneal dialysis. AB - Samples of ascitic fluid and outflow dialysate were collected from HBSAg carriers undergoing peritoneal dialysis and tested for HBSAg by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The surface antigen was detected in every sample from HBSAg carriers. This finding was not dependent upon the presence of occult blood in the sample. Surface antigen particles and possibly Dane particles were also observed in HBSAg-positive samples by immunoelectron microscopy. These results identify the outflow dialysate of HBSAg carriers undergoing peritoneal dialysis as a potential source of hepatitis B virus transmission. PMID- 7229626 TI - Hepatitis B e antigen and antibody: detection by radioimmunoassay in chimpanzees during experimental hepatitis B. AB - Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody (anti-HBe) were evaluated using a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) in weekly serum samples obtained from nine chimpanzees experimentally infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). In two chimpanzees with HBV infection with detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) for less than five weeks, and in one chimpanzee with documented HBV infection with no detectable HBsAg, HBeAg was not detected; in all three, anti HBe became detectable early in the infection. In six chimpanzees in which HGsAg was detected for 16 weeks or longer, HBeAg was detected early in the infection; in five, anti-HBe became detectable and HBeAg undetectable prior to the clearance of HBsAg. The sixth remained HGsAg-positive and HBeAg-positive for more than two years and never developed anti-HBe. These results confirmed the sensitivity of this RIA and its value in predicting the course of HBV infections. PMID- 7229627 TI - Antibody reactive in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity following influenza virus vaccination. AB - The antibody reactive in antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to influenza virus-infected cells was measured in two groups of seven volunteers each, before and after immunization with inactivated or live attenuated A/Victoria/3/75 influenza virus vaccines. Age-matched controls were seven adult individuals who experienced natural influenza infection due to A/Victoria/3/75 like virus strain. After inactivated whole influenza virus immunization all the subjects showed a significant rise of the antibody reactive in ADCC (from a mean value of 4.7% to 17.1% cytotoxicity, before and 5 weeks after immunization, respectively) as well as of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody (fourfold or greater increase). These immune responses were similar to those observed among naturally infected controls. After live attenuated virus vaccination, no significant increase in titer of antibody reactive in ADCC was detected, even though the vaccine induced significant increase of HI antibody titer. Little correlation was found between ADCC and HI antibody rises in sera of recipients of inactivated virus vaccine and of naturally infected individuals while, in live attenuated influenza virus vaccines, the rise of HI antibody titer did not correspond to a significant increase of ADCC antibody titer did not show subjects who developed a significant rise in ADCC antibody titer did not show significant variation in antibody to neuraminidase and/or to complement fixation influenza virus antigens. PMID- 7229628 TI - Detection by radioimmunoassay of IgM class antibody to hepatitis B core antigen: a comparison of two methods. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for IgM anti-HBc is described. The assay (anti-mu RIA) is based on the adsorption of IgM to a tube coated with sheep antibody to the human IgM mu-chain. The adsorbed immunoglobulin is assayed for anti-HBc activity. Positive reactions in the test are shown to be due to IgM antibody, and a confirmation blocking test is described. Reactivity of test sera can be quantitated by comparison with standard sera containing known levels of IgM anti-HBc. Sera assayed for IgM anti-HBc by both the anti-mu RIA and a method employing serum fractionation and competitive RIA gave similar results. Rheumatoid factor (RF) alone did not react in the anti-mu RIA, but reactivity could be generated in the presence of RF and preformed aggregates of IgG anti HBc. PMID- 7229629 TI - Physiological responses to child abuse stimuli as criteria for selection of hotline counselors. AB - Physiological responses of 44 male and female undergraduates to child abuse stimuli were recorded for the purpose of making recommendations for the selection and training of child abuse hotline counselors. The Ss' heart rate, finger pulse volume, and skin resistance were measured on a dynograph while they were listening to three case histories on a tape and viewing six slides, depicting child abuse cases. Generally, the hypotheses that women have stronger reactions than men, and adults with children have stronger reactions than adults without children were supported. It was found that men tended to be less emotionally affected by exposure to child abuse stimuli and, therefore, presumably are able to deal with it with less emotional bias. A training program consisting of desensitization, mock calls, and initial supervised participation in counseling and a follow-up habituation study were suggested. PMID- 7229630 TI - The effect of fantasies of merging with a good mother on schizophrenic pathology. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of subliminal symbiotic stimulation alone and in conjunction with an enhancement procedure on the pathology of relatively differentiated and relatively undifferentiated schizophrenics. It was hypothesized that enhancing the positive attributes of the schizophrenic's image of his mother prior to stimulating a fantasy of a symbiotic merger might increase his ability to benefit from the subliminal symbiotic stimulus. This hypothesis was not supported. Differentiated schizophrenics who received both enhancement procedure and the subliminal symbiotic stimulus showed no pathology reduction, whereas differentiated schizophrenics who received only the subliminal symbiotic stimulus manifested significant reductions in both pathological thinking and pathological behavior. Undifferentiated schizophrenics showed no reduction in pathology after the symbiotic stimulus regardless of whether or not they also received the enhancement procedure. An important finding which emerged was that the subliminal enhancement stimulus alone--i.e., without the symbiotic stimulus--resulted in reductions in pathological behavior for both differentiated and undifferentiated schizophrenics. It was concluded that although enhancing the positive attributes of the schizophrenic's maternal representation did not increase his ability to benefit from subliminal symbiotic stimulation, it did reduce pathology in its own right. PMID- 7229631 TI - Attention and visual reaction time in schizophrenia. AB - Schizophrenic behavior is sometimes characterized by inefficiency and symptoms possibly attributable to difficulties in coordinating attention. In fact, breakdown in cognitive and perceptual processes may be secondary to an initial disorder in mechanisms which coordinate focused attention. These processes were therefore tested in four subgroups of 10 schizophrenics each and in a normal comparison group (N = 10). A visual reaction time task was designed to operationalize definitions of width of cue utilization (responses to number of cues and position of cues), selective attention (color of cues), and ability to develop a set (probability of cues). Perceptual deficit was most prominent among long term nonparanoid schizophrenics who reduced their observation to central position cues when faced with a large number of potentially distracting stimuli. These patients, as well as short term nonparanoid schizophrenics, often failed to differentiate color even though this stimulus information provided an alternative method for reducing the number of stimuli requiring attention. Short term nonparanoid schizophrenics showed broad but disorganized attention to visual cues and inability to develop a probability set. Paranoid schizophrenics were not deviant in coordinated attention. PMID- 7229632 TI - Torque behavior in schizophrenics, elderly persons, and other special groups. AB - The incidence of clockwise drawing (torque) was compared for 90 schizophrenics, 57 institutionalized elderly individuals, 24 general medical patients, 50 adults functioning well in the community, 71 graduate students, and 72 undergraduate college students. In view of Blau's (Blau, T. H. Torque and schizophrenic vulnerability: As the world turns. Am. Psychol., 32: 997-1005, 1977) previous finding that torque behavior in children is substantially associated with subsequent schizophrenic pathology an attempt was made to verify the pathological significance of torque. Results indicated that for all Ss combined 38 per cent produced torque. Only the elderly as compared with undergraduate students displayed a significant difference in incidence of clockwise circling, with the elderly producing more torque. The absence of any significant differences between adult schizophrenics and any of the other comparison groups raises serious doubts about the pathological importance of torque in adults. Moreover, since groups who would be expected to be neurologically more intact performed no different from those who would be expected to be less intact, the neural integrative defect explanation proposed by Blau would seem to be unwarranted. PMID- 7229633 TI - Requesting previous psychiatric records. Do they come and are they worth obtaining? AB - This study examines the response rate to requests for previous records on adult psychiatric outpatients and the usefulness of the records received. Usable records were received in response to only 64.6 per cent of requests. In 40.9 per cent of the records examined, previous records revealed important information which had not been gathered at the time of outpatient evaluation. Possible reasons for the rate of response are discussed. The authors conclude that important information can be missed during the process of evaluation and that previous records may significantly add to the available data base on which to make diagnostic and treatment decisions. However, not infrequently requests for previous records are not answered. PMID- 7229634 TI - Temperament characteristics and behavior problems in three-year-old children. PMID- 7229635 TI - Do "near death experiences" occur only near death? AB - Near deaths experiences are being reported with increasing frequency, but whether the constellation of factors comprising these experiences is unique to near death situations is unknown. This investigation compared near death experiences to other out-of-body experiences to determine if there are unique features associated with near death experiences. Our results indicate that there are no characteristics which are exclusive to near death situations, but our analysis of t-tests is highly suggestive of a number of distinguishing features which differentiate near death experiences from other out-of-body experiences. PMID- 7229636 TI - A reinterpretation of findings on hemispheric dysfunction in schizophrenia. AB - The results of an earlier study on dichotic listening in schizophrenic patients (J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 164: 247-252, 1977) were recently reinterpreted by one of the authors (J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 168: 241-242, 1980). The reinterpretation was based on new evidence suggesting that schizophrenia is associated with an overactive and dysfunctional left cerebral hemisphere. The present paper points out an apparent contradiction in the earlier findings and subsequent research, and offers an alternative reinterpretation which seems to provide a more parsimonious explanation for the results. The alternative reinterpretation is based on the hypotheses of faulty interhemispheric transfer in schizophrenia. PMID- 7229637 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants and alcoholic blackouts. PMID- 7229638 TI - A psychosocial study of chronic, circumscribed amnesia. AB - N. A. has been amnesic since 1960 when he sustained a penetrating stab wound to the region of the left dorsomedial thalamus. The amnesia occurs as a strikingly circumscribed disorder in an intelligent (IQ = 124) individual without other cognitive dysfunction. Here, we attempt to characterize the nature of this amnesic disorder as revealed in daily activities, conversations, and personality. These observations are considered in the context of current views about the nature of normal memory and its neurological foundations. PMID- 7229639 TI - Psychosis and cerebellar degeneration. PMID- 7229640 TI - The significance of laterality effects. AB - Language laterality can be unequivocally ascertained by comparing the effects of unilateral ECT to the right and the left hemisphere. It has been shown in right handed depressed patients that a unilateral treatment to the left hemisphere resulted in transient dysphasia whereas unilateral ECT to the right hemisphere did not. The language laterality in a small group of left-handed depressed patients has been ascertained. Evidence is presented to show that neither dichotic listening nor hand position for writing provide satisfactory indices of language laterality. The ear advantage was more closely related to strength of sinistrality than to language laterality--that is sidedness appears to overide brainedness. The results favour a spatial attention hypothesis rather than a structural hypothesis as the main determinant of laterality effects. PMID- 7229641 TI - Word deafness in Wernicke's aphasia. AB - Three patients with otherwise typical Wernicke's aphasia showed consistent superiority of visual over auditory comprehension. The precedents for and anatomical basis of a selective auditory deficit in Wernicke's aphasia are discussed, including the relationship to pure word deafness. One implication of spared visual language function may be the use of gesture in language therapy for such patients. PMID- 7229642 TI - An anatomical basis for the neck-tongue syndrome. AB - The C2 nerve roots and rami were dissected in five cadavers to explore the pathogenesis of Neck-Tongue Syndrome. The most likely cause of the simultaneous occurrence of suboccipital pain and ipsilateral numbness of the tongue is an abnormal subluxation of one lateral atlanto-axial joint with impaction of the C2 ventral ramus against the subluxated articular processes. PMID- 7229643 TI - Pellagra among chronic alcoholics: clinical and pathological study of 20 necropsy cases. AB - Twenty cases of pellagra, diagnosed on neuropathological grounds, were found amont 74 necropsy cases of chronic alcoholism. Although these patients had presented with various mental, neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms, the diagnosis of pellagra had not been established clinically because, in the majority, there were no skin lesions. It is emphasised that whenever chronic alcoholics exhibit certain mental, neurological or gastrointestinal symptoms, one should strongly suspect pellagra even in the absence of skin lesions (pellagra sine pelle agra). PMID- 7229644 TI - Vasopressin in plasma and CSF of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. AB - Arginine vasopressin was measured in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 42 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Increased concentrations of vasopressin were present in 10 patients, of whom eight had bled from an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. In three patients high blood vasopressin values were associated with gross hyponatraemia. Five patients were found to have increased CSF vasopressin concentrations in the presence of normal plasma values and in all of these the level of consciousness was severely disturbed. It is suggested that an increased secretion of vasopressin into the blood or CSF may be a contributory factor in the worsening condition of some patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. PMID- 7229645 TI - Anti-fibrinolytic treatment in the pre-operative management of subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysm. AB - One hundred consecutive patients treated with epsilon aminocaproic acid 24 grams daily prior to surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms have been compared with the previous 100 patients managed similarly but without anti-fibrinolytic drugs. No other alterations in management were made and the two series are closely comparable in all other respects. Fewer episodes of recurrent haemorrhage and deaths from this cause occurred in the treated patients, but more cases of cerebral ischaemia occurred. Neither difference is statistically significant and overall more deaths occurred in the patients treated with antifibrinolytic drugs. The value of this method of treatment in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage is questioned. PMID- 7229646 TI - Visual and auditory evoked responses in patients with Parkinson's disease. AB - Visual evoked responses were obtained in 47 Parkinsonian patients and 26 age matched controls. The stimulation to binocular and uniocular latency of the major positive peak was longer in the Parkinsonian patients and its amplitude was smaller than in the control subjects. There was a large interocular difference suggesting that at least part of the delay occurs at prechiasmatic level. The latency and amplitude varied markedly following ingestion of levodopa as Sinemet. Auditory evoked potentials were obtained in 16 Parkinsonian patients and 11 age matched controls. The latency of the NV wave was prolonged in the former although the amplitude was the same, suggesting that the abnormality may be a widespread one. PMID- 7229648 TI - Spinal somatosensory evoked potentials in hereditary spastic paraplegia. AB - Cervical somatosensory evoked potentials elicited by median nerve stimulation were recorded from 18 cases of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Motor and sensory nerve conduction in the median nerve was normal in each. In one third of the patients no spinal evoked potential was detectable. In the remainder the amplitude of the evoked potential was reduced in comparison with a control series; the latency was not significantly different. These changes suggest that a selective degeneration of the centrally directed axons derived from the dorsal root ganglion cells occurs in this disorder. The findings are discussed in relation to previous reports on the pathological appearances. PMID- 7229647 TI - Nerve conduction velocity in experimental diabetes in the rat and rabbit. AB - Tibial motor nerve conduction velocity was measured in rats, before and two months after the induction of diabetes with streptozotocin. A second group of diabetic animals was also administered 1% dietary myoinositol supplements. An analysis of variance was performed on these data. Myoinositol supplements had no effect whatsoever. The period of diabetes had a statistically significant and quantitatively marginal effect (a decrease of 2.2 m s-1) on conduction velocity. This is considerably less than in previous reports. The reasons for this are discussed. Tibial motor nerve conduction velocity was also measured in a group of alloxan-diabetic rabbits two months after the induction of diabetes and in an age matched control group. Conduction velocity was again slightly but significantly less in the diabetic animals. PMID- 7229649 TI - Exercise-induced pain, stiffness, and tubular aggregation in skeletal muscle. AB - The case is described of a 36 year old man with exercise-induced pain, stiffness, and tubular aggregation in skeletal muscle. Persistent CPK elevation and a normal forearm ischaemic exercise test were demonstrated. Electromyography was normal. Muscle biopsy showed aggregates of tubular structures in most fibres by histochemical and ultrastructural analysis. A relationship of this syndrome to known defects in muscle energy metabolism is postulated. PMID- 7229650 TI - An unusual case of visual perseveration. AB - A patient is described with an unusual type of visual perseveration caused by a right parietal infarct. The mechanism of visual perseveration is discussed with particular reference to the increased movement of the perseverated image which our patient described. PMID- 7229651 TI - Periodic EEG activity in human rabies encephalitis. PMID- 7229652 TI - Tuberculoma of the pons. PMID- 7229653 TI - Mitochondrial myopathy. Biochemical studies revealing a deficiency of NADH- cytochrome b reductase activity. AB - This paper presents biochemical data upon a young male with a mitochondrial myopathy characterised by weakness, severe exercise intolerance, muscle wasting and exercise-induced lactic acidaemia. Two similar cases have been previously documented (Morgan-Hughes et al. 1979). This report more precisely locates the mitochondrial defect. In vitro mitochondrial studies show markedly decreased respiratory rates with all NAD-linked substrates whilst that with flavin-linked succinate is normal. Oxidative phosphorylation is normally coupled. Mitochondrial cytochrome components as determined by low temperature spectroscopy are normal. NADH-ferricyanide reductase and primary dehydrogenase activities are present at levels far in excess of that required to support normal NAD-linked substrate oxidation rates. Intramitochondrial NAD levels are similar to those found in other mammalian muscle. It is proposed therefore that the mitochondrial defect is situated between NADH dehydrogenase and the CoQ--Cytochrome b complex; possibly being a derangement of a non-haem iron sulphur centre. PMID- 7229654 TI - Histogenesis of demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord of guinea pigs with chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Spinal cord lesions in Hartley guinea pigs with chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) were studied by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy at different stages of the formation of demyelinated plaques. In addition the inflammatory response in the meninges was studied in isolated pia mater preparations separated from the spinal cord surface. In initial chronic lesions in the spinal cord, inflammation was restricted to penetrating parenchymal veins of the spinal cord and meninges. With the formation of large demyelinated plaques in the spinal cord, massive fibrosis of the meninges with infiltration by inflammatory cells was noted in an area covering the surface of the lesion. In plaques which reach the spinal cord surface, inflammatory cells could be seen passing between the pia and the spinal cord substance. In chronic remyelinated lesions, adhesions between meningeal fibroblasts and the astroglial limiting membrane were seen. In addition a topographical correlation between the distribution of spinal cord veins and venules and demyelinated plaques was found. These observations indicate that spinal cord lesions in chronic relapsing EAE are initiated by perivenous inflammation in the parenchyma and the meninges. Plaque formation, especially in spinal cord surface lesions, is additionally enhanced by the entrapment of inflammatory cells in the fibrosed meninges. The exchange of macrophages through the glia-limiting membrane may be responsible for the more rapid debris removal in the spinal cord in comparison with brain lesions in chronic relapsing EAE. PMID- 7229655 TI - Arachidonate-induced experimental nerve infarction. AB - Despite the clinical importance of ischemia in the pathogenesis of many human neuropathies, little is known about the effect of circulatory compromise on the structure of peripheral nerves. This results in part from the lack of an entirely satisfactory model in which to study ischemic neuropathy. We therefore injected arachidonic acid, a potent stimulus to platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, into the femoral artery of normal rats. This resulted in the rapid onset of focal infarction of the proximal posterior tibial nerve in all animals. Distally there was evidence of Wallerian degeneration but not of primary ischemic damage. The site and nature of the infarct and the temporal sequence of the pathological changes were highly consistent. This new method is a simple and highly reproducible means of producing experimental nerve infarction. PMID- 7229656 TI - A quantitative study of cerebral atrophy in old age and senile dementia. AB - Cerebral atrophy was measured by comparing brain volume and cranial capacity at necropsy on 20 severely demented patients aged 64--92 years and 18 non-demented controls of similar age. The volumes of cerebral cortex and white matter and of the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres were found by point-counting morphometry. Patients with Alzheimer type dementia aged less than 80 years mainly showed pathological cerebral atrophy with global loss of cerebral tissue (P less than 0.001) whereas over 80 years of age they generally showed selective atrophy of temporal cortex (P less than 0.005). The findings support the view that disease processes, not exaggerated age change, underlie primary neuronal dementia of Alzheimer type. PMID- 7229657 TI - Influence of early phases of paralysis on microcirculation of rat skeletal muscle. AB - By combining tissue pO2 measurements with morphological visualization and counting of perfused capillaries, early microvascular changes were investigated in paralysis of skeletal muscle of the rat. The models included experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), experimental allergic neuritis (EAN), 6 aminonicotinamide intoxication, and peripheral denervation. The results showed that in all models tissue oxygenation was either normal or elevated. In most cases this was accompanied by a reduced perfusion of the capillary bed, supporting the hypothesis of a dysfunction in oxidative metabolism. The effects of paralysis on capillary perfusion were more marked in red than in white muscles, except in spastic paresis. Flaccid paralysis had more deleterious effects on muscle microcirculation than spastic paralysis. Our data suggest that: (1) microvascular changes occur very early after the onset of paralysis and (2) later developing changes in the skeletal muscle such as atrophy cannot be ascribed to a lack of oxygen supply but rather, at least in part, to a dysfunction in oxidative metabolism. PMID- 7229658 TI - Morphogenesis of experimentally induced Arnold--Chiari malformation. AB - The administration of a single dose of vitamin A to pregnant hamsters, early during the morning of their 8th day of gestation, induces types I and II Arnold- Chiari malformation (ACM), as well as various types of axial skeletal-dysraphic disorders known to be associated with the human disease. This new model provides a means of carrying comparative studies between the axial skeletal defects and neurological anomalies of this complex developmental malformation with those which characterize the other induced disorders related to it. Study of this experimental model has demonstrated that the basichondrocranium of fetuses with ACM is shorter than normal and slightly elevated (lordotic) in relation to the axis of the vertebral column. The shortness of the basichondrocranium of these fetuses is caused by the underdevelopment of the occipital bone specially noticeable in its basal component (basioccipital). This basic defect has resulted in a short and small posterior cerebral fossa which is inadequate to contain the developing nervous structures of that region. The developing cerebellum is displaced downward to an anomalous position just above the foramen magnum; and, the developing medulla is compressed or crowded into the small posterior cerebral fossa of affected fetuses. The lordotic elevation of the basichondrocranium is also responsible for the reduction of the pontine flexure and the increased angle of the cervical flexure of the hindbrain found in these fetuses. All of these neurological anomalies, which are characteristic and diagnostic of clinical ACm as well, are considered here to be secondary to the axial skeletal defects rather than primary abnormalities, as is generally believed. The peculiar type of protrusion of the odontoid process into the cranial cavity found in fetuses with ACM, as well as in those with cranioschisis aperta and occulta, is also considered to be caused by the slight depression of the underdeveloped basioccipital and therefore, comparable to the so-called basilar impression often described in clinical ACM. This study has emphasized various developmental features which are closely related with the morphogenesis of ACM, including: the somitic origin of the occipital bone, and the late growth of the cerebellum which is predominantly postnatal in almost all experimental animals. It has been pointed out that some developmental defects involving the occipital bone and the caudal vertebral column, such as those which characterize ACM type II, may be more closely related than previously recognized. It has been also pointed out that the so-called cerebellar herniation into the cervical spinal canal described in the human disease represents a late addition to this disorder which is related to the relatively late growth of the cerebellum... PMID- 7229659 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Characterization of serum factors causing demyelination and swelling of myelin. AB - Serum factors in rabbits with white matter-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (WM-EAE) were studied with respect to their role in demyelination in vitro in organotypic central nervous system (CNS) tissue cultures and in vivo in the myelinated retina of the rabbit eye. By absorption with staphylococcal protein A, IgG was quantitatively separated from the other serum proteins. No IgG was demonstrable in the absorbed IgG-depleted sera by Ouchterlony double diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both the IgG-depleted WM-EAE sera and the IgG fractions had complement-dependent demyelinating activity on CNS cultures, and both contained immunoglobulin binding to myelin and oligodendroglia of the cultures, as demonstrated by an immunoperoxidase technique. However, only the purified IgG fractions in the absence of complement induced swelling of myelin and proliferation of oligodendroglial processes with redundant myelin in tissue cultures. The IgG-depleted complement-inactivated WM-EAE sera produced no morphological changes. In the rabbit eye model, antibody-dependent cell-mediated demyelination was observed only with the IgG fractions but not with the IgG depleted EAE sera. No oligodendroglial proliferation occurred. These studies demonstrate for the first time that in CNS cultures, non-IgG immunoglobulins as well as IgG mediate complement-dependent demyelination and that these bind to myelin and oligodendrocytes, whereas only IgG causes myelin swelling and oligodendrocyte proliferation. PMID- 7229660 TI - Does ethanol damage the blood--brain barrier? AB - The permeability of the blood--brain barrier has been measured using a technique which is independent of blood flow and is sufficiently accurate to monitor the penetration of weakly permeant substances. The permeability of the blood--brain barrier to [14C]sucrose has been measured in rats anaesthetised with either urethane or pentobarbitone (Nembutal). The values obtained from urethane anaesthetised untreated rats were slightly lower, thus demonstrating the suitability of urethane as an anaesthetic for blood--brain barrier experiments. The permeability of the barrier has been measured in rats which had been drinking 7.5% ethanol for 6 months, or had been administered an anaesthetic dose of ethanol, or both. No statistically significant difference was found between the permeability measurements in rats subjected to any of these treatments. Positive controls in which 0.3 ml of a 30% ethanol solution was injected into the internal carotid artery demonstrated the sensitivity of the employed technique. Thus it was found that the blood--brain barrier does not weaken with respect to sucrose when the blood ethanol concentration reaches an anaesthetic level. PMID- 7229662 TI - Unusual presentation of Charcot Marie-Tooth disease-incoordination with absent of minimal wasting-Report of 2 cases. AB - Two patients are reported presenting with incoordination mimicking cerebellar disease in the upper and lower limbs, ataxia of gait, absent tendon reflexes and little or no clinically detectable wasting. Motor conduction velocity in the upper limbs was substantially reduced in one patient whereas it was normal and slightly reduced in the other. It is concluded that in Charcot-Marie Tooth disease incoordination may mimic cerebellar disease and when this is so it is due to the association of varying degrees of proprioceptive deafferentation and a dyskinesia similar to that produced by familial (essential) tremor. PMID- 7229661 TI - Choline chloride in the treatment of cerebellar and spinocerebellar ataxia. AB - The use of orally administered choline chloride in the treatment of cerebellar and spinocerebellar ataxia was investigated by a short-term double-blind crossover trial in 20 patients with ataxia. These patients, who include 7 with Friedreich's ataxia, 7 with mixed spinocerebellar ataxia and 6 will primary cerebellar degeneration received placebo and 6g/day or 12g/day of choline with crossover at 6 weeks. Serum choline levels were measured 1 h after the first daily dose. Mild but significant improvement in upper limb co-ordination was noted in 3 patients with Friedreich's ataxia, 3 with mixed ataxia and 4 patients with primary cerebellar degeneration. Improvement in gait and lower limb co ordination was observed in only 2 patients (one with cerebellar ataxia and 1 with mixed ataxia) There was no correlation between serum choline levels and clinical response to choline. Choline chloride produces a mild but functionally significant improvement in motor co-ordination in some patients with cerebellar and spinocerebellar ataxia. PMID- 7229663 TI - The effects of psychosine upon growth of human skin fibroblasts from patients with globoid cell leukodystrophy. AB - [3H]Thymidine incorporation into cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) and from control individuals was utilized to monitor the effects of psychosine (galactosylsphingosine) upon cell replication. The concentration of psychosine necessary to inhibit 50% (ID50) of the growth of cultured skin fibroblasts was approximately 15 microgram/ml for both normal and GLD fibroblasts deficient in the enzyme galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase. Growth inhibition curves for GLD and for control fibroblasts were comparable after 3 days and after 7 days exposure to the glycolipid, so that accumulation of psychosine was not a critical factor affecting toxicity. Galactosylceramide, the major substrate for the enzyme galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase, did not inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation into either normal or GLD fibroblasts at the concentration tested, in contrast to the highly toxic effects of psychosine at similar concentrations. The comparable inhibitory levels of psychosine in control cells and in GLD fibroblasts which are deficient in ability to hydrolyze this glycolipid suggest that the toxicity of psychosine is nonspecific. Therefore, these results are not consistent with the concept that globoid cell leukodystrophy is primarily a psychosine lipidosis. PMID- 7229664 TI - Mitochondrial myopathy. AB - Six clinically affected and 18 asymptomatic members of a six-generation family were investigated clinically, by estimation of serum CK levels, and in some cases by quantitative electromyographic techniques and muscle biopsy. It was concluded that the myopathy was probably inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expression and incomplete penetrance although the possibility of mitochondrial inheritance could not be excluded in view of the almost exclusive transmission through the female line. Eight members of the family with myopathy also had diabetes mellitus, and 2 of these also had cerebellar ataxia. It is suggested that the myopathy, the cerebellar disorder and the diabetes may all be manifestations of the same underlying metabolic defect. PMID- 7229665 TI - Hereditary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - A Spanish family transmits, as an autosomal dominant trait, a form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis characterized by an unusually prolonged evolution of the disease in all affected members. Precocity and persistence of muscle cramps, presence of unilateral proximal segmental myoclonus and early abolition of ankle jerks are other clinical features conspicuous in this family. This type of hereditary ALS of non-chamorro origin and prolonged evolution is rare. PMID- 7229666 TI - Heterogeneity of carnitine-palmitoyltransferase deficiency. AB - Episodes with muscle ache, rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria with or without associated renal insufficiency are characteristic of muscle carnitinepalmitoyltransferase (CPT) deficiency. However, patients differ from each other in many aspects, such as the kind of stimulus that triggers rhabdomyolysis, the ability to produce ketone bodies when fasting, whether the enzyme defect is localized in skeletal muscle or is general, and the nature of the enzyme defect, which may be in CPT I or CPT II or both. Studies of muscle, liver and fibroblasts from a patient with recurrent rhabdomyolysis spontaneously occurring or triggered by exercise or fever, revealed a CPT deficiency in the muscle and liver biopsy samples but normal CPT activity in cultured cells, differing from previously reported patients. The enzyme defect in muscle was evidenced by two different methods, but not when determined with a method that measures the formation of palmitoylcarnitine. The enzyme abnormality in the patient's liver was associated with a delayed ketone body production and with a dramatic increase in long-chain acylcarnitines in the serum when fasting. Moreover the patient was unable to build up ketones when fed long-chain triglycerides (LCT) but showed prompt ketogenic response when fed medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). The heterogeneity of clinical presentations and of the biochemical findings in patients with CPT deficiency are discussed. PMID- 7229667 TI - How is the exact length of an internode determined. AB - (1) The length of the human ventral spinal roots in the newborn and in the adult were compared with the length of the internodes in these roots. Internodes of fibers of a given caliber were more than twice as long in the adult sacral roots than in the cervical roots. The factors of root elongation corresponded closely to the factors of internode elongation. (2) Internode length was in a statistically significant linear relation with fiber caliber in individual roots. The slope of the regression lines differed among roots, and were steeper caudally. If data from roots having different elongation factors were pooled there was no longer a linear relationship between fiber caliber and internode length. Internode length, therefore, correlated directly and quantitatively with root elongation; it was not directly linked to fiber caliber. (3) The total Schwann cell population per fiber was nearly stable from the newborn to the adult, but the sacral roots had 5 times as many Schwann cells as the cervical roots. Calculations based on the number of internodes and on the length of fetal roots at the onset of myelination showed that the mean "initial length" of the Schwann cell at the onset of myelination was 187 micrometer, the same for all roots. (4) The Schwann cell population per fiber is determined by 2 reciprocal growth phases: elongation of the fetal fiber up to the onset of myelination corresponds to a multiplication of Schwann cells each having a given initial length. Schwann cell populations stabilize after the onset of myelination; from then on the geometry of each internode is determined by its passive elongation. The timing of myelination is critical for determining the ultimate length of the Schwann cell. If myelination does not begin before a fiber system has attained approximately one eighth of its definitive size, the longest internodes of that system will average 1.5 mm and most will remain below 2 mm, regardless of body size. PMID- 7229668 TI - Alterations in lipid incorporation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Studies of fresh and cultured muscle. AB - The incorporation of [3H] glycerol into lipids of fresh and cultured skeletal muscle obtained from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), patients with myotonic dystrophy (My Dyst), controls, and aborted fetuses (10-12 weeks old) was studied. A significant increase of specific incorporation of [3H] glycerol into phosphatidylcholine (PCh), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and triglycerides (TRI) was found in DMD and fetal muscle in both fresh and cultured muscle. No significant differences, however, were noted between the values of glycerol incorporation in DMD and fetal muscle. The ratio between phospholipids and TRI changed significantly for fresh muscle in DMD (3.5) and fetal muscle (4.9) versus controls (24). The incorporation of glycerol into these lipids in My Dyst fresh and cultured muscle showed the same value as controls when expressed both as incorporation/mg protein and ratio between phospholipids and TRI. PMID- 7229669 TI - Ponto-bulbar palsy with deafness (Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome). AB - The authors describe the clinical and electrophysiological features in 2 cases of ponto-bulbar palsy with deafness, and the clinical course and post-mortem findings in a sibling of one of these, who died in infancy, and who appears to have suffered from the same disease. The cases are compared with 17 previously published cases, and the disease is discussed in relation to other progressive neurological diseases of childhood. PMID- 7229670 TI - A fatal congenital myopathy with severe type I fibre atrophy, central nuclei and multicores. AB - An unusual fatal congenital myopathy in a Chinese female infant is described. Muscle biopsy showed type I fibre smallness with central nuclei and focal decrease in oxidative enzyme activities affecting mainly larger type II fibres. Longitudinal sections from glutaldehyde-fixed araldite-embedded material stained with toluidine blue revealed multiple small foci of myofibrillar degeneration (multicores) along the muscle fibres. Electron-microscopic examination confirmed the presence of multicore lesions affecting mainly the larger fibres. In addition, there were definite degenerative changes involving the smaller fibres with central nuclei. The degenerative process started around the pericentronuclear zones with diffuse extension along the whole length of the muscle fibres resulting in severe atrophy. These degenerative changes were similar to those described in pericentronuclear myopathy. It is therefore suggested that the patient might have either had 2 co-existing myopathies viz. multicore disease and pericentronuclear myopathy or a single entity with combinations of features which had not hitherto been described. PMID- 7229671 TI - The early negative potential evoked by stimulation of the tibial nerve in man. AB - The scalp response to stimulation of the tibial nerve at the level of the medial malleolus was systematically analysed. It was recorded 2 cm posterior to the vertex and at the sites corresponding to cortical representation of the hand. The existence of an early negative wave with a peak latency of 37.2 2.29 ms and amplitude of -0.69 0.40 micro V was established (being half the amplitude of the first positive wave (P40) over the vertex). This wave was named N37 in respect of the peak latency and polarity. N37 was the first event recorded after stimulation of the tibial nerve at this level as the onset latency was 32.2 1.75 ms and that of P40 over the vertex 33.8 2.28 ms. It was recorded with the highest amplitude over the hand primary somatosensory area after stimulation of the opposite foot. N37 evoked by stimulation of the tibial nerve at the ankle and N20 evoked by stimulation of the arm nerve are both the primary negativities of the evoked potential. However, N37 is not recorded with maximum amplitude over the leg primary somatosensory area and it is rounded and longer lasting than N20. In spite of these differences the two initial negative electrical phenomena are not necessarily generated by different functional structures. The possible generators of N37 are discussed. PMID- 7229672 TI - Efferent activity during fictitious scratch reflex in the cat. PMID- 7229673 TI - GABA-mediated synaptic potentials in chick spinal cord and sensory neurons. PMID- 7229675 TI - Effect of vertical linear acceleration on H-reflex in decerebrate cat. II. Sinusoidal stimuli. PMID- 7229674 TI - Effect of vertical linear acceleration on H-reflex in decerebrate cat. I. Transient stimuli. PMID- 7229676 TI - Organization of cat anterior parietal cortex: relations among cytoarchitecture, single neuron functional properties, and interhemispheric connectivity. PMID- 7229677 TI - Neuronal basis of leech swimming: separation of swim initiation, pattern generation, and intersegmental coordination by selective lesions. PMID- 7229678 TI - Physiological and pharmacological basis of GABA and glycine action on neurons of mudpuppy retina. I. Receptors, horizontal cells, bipolars, and G-cells. PMID- 7229679 TI - Physiological and pharmacological basis of GABA and glycine action on neurons of mudpuppy retina. II. Amacrine and ganglion cells. PMID- 7229681 TI - [Treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas by venous approach. Report of one case]. PMID- 7229680 TI - Physiological and pharmacological basis of GABA and glycine action on neurons of mudpuppy retina. III. Amacrine-mediated inhibitory influences on ganglion cell receptive-field organization: a model. PMID- 7229682 TI - [Balloon catheter embolization: successful outcome in the treatment of a recurrent swannoma. Arising in the scapular region]. PMID- 7229683 TI - [The hypoglossal artery. A new case report - Review of the literature]. PMID- 7229684 TI - [Cerebral penetration following metrizamide myelography]. PMID- 7229685 TI - [Unilateral or bilateral congenital absence of the anterior clinoid process. Three case reports]. PMID- 7229686 TI - [Diagnosis and follow-up of cerebral abscesses by CT scanning. 35 cases]. PMID- 7229687 TI - The usefulness and prognostic value of CT scanning in cranio-cerebral trauma. PMID- 7229688 TI - Investigation of neck and arm pain with metrizamid contrast media. A report of 48 operated cases. PMID- 7229689 TI - ENT investigation and current neuroradiology of eighth nerve neurinomas. PMID- 7229690 TI - Embryonic intersegmental anastomosis between the external carotid and vertebral arteries. Classification problems of the proatlantal artery. PMID- 7229691 TI - True and false fenestration of the vertebral artery. PMID- 7229692 TI - Uncommon vascular lesions of the intracavernous carotid siphon treated by Fogarty catheters. PMID- 7229693 TI - Selective lumbar phlebography. Its diagnostic value when compared with radiculography. PMID- 7229694 TI - A case of an intratympanic meningioma. PMID- 7229695 TI - Clinical-CT correlations. PMID- 7229696 TI - Embolization of segments of the circle of Willis and adjacent branches for management of certain inoperable cerebral arteriovenous malformations. AB - Most large cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) in the territories of the penetrating arteries arising from the circle of Willis, including the proximal anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries, have been considered untreatable. However, the pattern of collateral circulation which accompanies these lesions presents the possibility of completely occluding certain segments of the circle of Willis and adjacent major branches without producing infarction distally in the cerebral hemisphere or in the critical areas occupied by the AVM itself. The ensuing reduction of arterial pressure within the AVM may reduce the likelihood of hemorrhage or progressive enlargement. Four patients in whom this was accomplished in whole or in part by embolization are described. In one patient, infarction did ensure but the potential for collateral circulation had been restricted by the passage of emboli into the pericallosal artery. In the others, angiographic filling of the lesion was considerably reduced without worsening of their neurological deficits. One patient had recovery of neurological loss following the procedure, and another was slightly improved. Over follow-up periods of up to 28 months there have been no recurrent hemorrhages or further progression of neurological deficits. However, final assessment of the efficacy of this procedure will require longer follow-up intervals and additional patients. PMID- 7229697 TI - Late complications of carotid ligation in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. AB - The results in 57 consecutive patients treated with carotid ligation for an intracranial aneurysm were analyzed to define the risks of late complications. The average age for the group was 46 years. Eighty percent of the aneurysms were located on the internal carotid artery (ICA). The acute morbidity and mortality of the treatment and the natural history of the disease was 29%. Twenty-four patients were discharged with a common carotid artery (CCA) ligation, and 21 patients with an ICA ligation. Three patients from each ligation group could not be located for review. The follow-up period for the 21 patients with CCA ligation ranged from 1 to 15 years, with an average of 8.4 years, and for the 18 patients with ICA ligation it ranged from 2 to 19.5 years, with an average of 12.5 years. Excluding deaths from unrelated causes, five of the 21 patients with CCA ligation developed a late complication. Two patients had a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Two patients had a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), one of which was fatal and was preceded by a TIA. Two patients developed monocular blindness. None of the patients had a stroke. Excluding deaths from unrelated causes, five of the 18 patients with ICA ligation developed a late complication. One patient had a fatal SAH. Three patients had a TIA, two of which were followed by a stroke. One patient had a stroke in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the side of the carotid ligation. PMID- 7229698 TI - Neurosurgical applications of ocular pneumoplethysmography. AB - Ocular pneumoplethysmography (OPG), a semiautomated form of suction ophthalmodynamometry, was used to evaluate and follow 15 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy and two patients in whom gradual carotid artery occlusion was performed for inoperable intracranial aneurysm. Postoperative corrected ophthalmic arterial pressures (COAP's) on the operated side in the carotid endarterectomy patients averaged 12.5 mm Hg higher than before surgery, the standard deviation being 4.9 mm Hg for clinically stable patients. There was no significant change in COAP on the contralateral side. Several problems were encountered in closing down carotid clamps, the most potentially serious being a precipitous fall in COAP with the final adjustment. The current uses of OPG and similar techniques are reviewed, and potential neurosurgical applications are discussed. PMID- 7229700 TI - Effects of anesthesia and laminectomy on regional spinal cord blood flow in conscious sheep. AB - Blood flow for the whole spinal cord (SCBF), central cord (largely gray matter), and peripheral cord (largely white matter) has been measured at all segmental levels using radioactive microspheres in conscious sheep. Whole SCBF was greatest in the lower cervical and lumbar enlargements and least in the upper cervical and thoracic regions. This was attributable partly to regional variations in gray matter blood flow but principally to regional variations in the proportion of gray and white matter present. Whole SCBF for the total cord was 14.5 +/- 0.8 ml/100 gm/min, central cord flow was 40.6 +/- 3.5 ml/100 gm/min, and peripheral cord flow was 9.7 +/- 1.9 ml/100 gm/min. Blood flow was not affected by sodium pentobarbital provided the level of anesthesia, arterial pressure, and blood gases was carefully regulated. Laminectomy usually resulted in a marked increase in central cord blood flow at the site of cord exposure, lasting about 90 minutes; this increase was not necessarily reflected in whole SCBF because of the absence of any change in blood flow in the relatively large proportion of peripheral cord. This effect of laminectomy could adversely influence results obtained from studies using invasive techniques to measure SCBF. PMID- 7229699 TI - Oxidative metabolic activity of cerebral cortex after fluid-percussion head injury in the cat. AB - To assess the metabolic and vascular effects of head trauma, fluid-percussion pressure waves were transmitted to the brains of anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated cats. Changes in the redox state of cytochrome a,a3, and relative local blood volume were measured in situ by dual-wavelength reflection spectrophotometry of the cortical surface viewed through an acrylic cranial window implanted within the closed skull. Initial fluid-percussion impacts of 0.5 to 2.8 atm peak pressure produced consistent transient oxidation of cytochrome a,a3 and increases of cortical blood volume. These changes occurred despite the presence of transient posttraumatic hypotension i some cases. Also, impact induced alterations of vascular tone occurred, independent of the presence or absence of transient hypertension in the posttraumatic period. These data demonstrate that hypoxia does not play a role in the immediate posttraumatic period in cerebral cortex, and are consistent with the idea that after injury there is increased cortical energy conservation. These data also support the concept that head trauma alters the relationship of metabolism and cerebral circulation in the period immediately after injury. PMID- 7229701 TI - Experimental neurogenic pulmonary edema. Part 1: The role of systemic hypertension. AB - Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) was produced consistently in normal cats by increasing intracranial pressure with an intraventricular infusion of mock cerebrospinal fluid. The usual elevation of systemic arterial pressure (SAP) that follows severe intracranial hypertension (the "Cushing response") was controlled by blood withdrawal at variable rates to achieve and maintain constant cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in three groups of cats of 50, 20, and 0 mm Hg, respectively, for 30 minutes. In this model, NPE occurs in the absence of increased SAP and in the presence of decreasing CPP. These results indicate that systemic arterial hypertension is not an essential stimulus for the development of NPE, and suggest that the lungs are directly affected by the intense sympathetic discharge evoked by severe intracranial hypertension. PMID- 7229702 TI - Experimental neurogenic pulmonary edema Part 2: The role of cardiopulmonary pressure change. AB - Pressure changes in the aorta, left atrium, and main pulmonary artery were measured before, during, and after inducing increased intracranial pressure in cats. By selectively controlling each of the three pressures, it was concluded that pulmonary arterial hypertension is the single most important precursor of experimental neurogenic pulmonary edema. An earlier observation that neurogenic pulmonary edema may develop in the absence of systemic arterial hypertension was confirmed. PMID- 7229703 TI - Presence of smooth-muscle cells in the subdural neomembrane. AB - The authors encountered a case of chronic subdural hematoma of which the subdural neomembrane (SN) showed numerous spindle-shaped cells identified as smooth-muscle cells (SMC's) by electron microscopy. On reexamination of 214 cases from the files, SMC's were found with light microscopy in seven cases. In these cases, the SN was well organized (collagenized). In three additional cases examined with both light and electron microscopy, SMC's were not apparent with light microscopy. However, in all cases, cells with ultrastructural features of both fibroblasts and SMC's were observed. Well formed SMC's were found in two additional cases of well organized membrane. Based on these observations, it is concluded that the presence of SMC's in the SN is not a rare phenomenon. The possible origin of SMC's in the SN and their pathological significance to the organizing process of chronic subdural hematoma are discussed. PMID- 7229704 TI - A new sequential pneumatic device for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis. AB - A new sequential pneumatic instrument for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the Lympha Press, was investigated in neurosurgical patients. In the control group, 50% of patients developed DVT and in the treated group only 4.3% were affected. These results demonstrate the highly beneficial effect of this method of preventing DVT during and after surgery, especially when the use of other preventive methods is precluded. PMID- 7229705 TI - Percutaneous radiofrequency facial nerve coagulation in the management of facial spasm. AB - The authors have developed a fluoroscopy-assisted technique of percutaneous radiofrequency facial nerve coagulation at or near the stylomastoid foramen for management of facial spasm. The details of the procedure and the operative results in the initial series of 27 cases of facial spasm are described. The series included six men and 21 women, aged from 16 to 73 years. Twenty-four patients had classical, intractable, persistent hemifacial spasm, one had an unusual bilateral facial spasm, and one a postparalytic facial spasm. The age of onset varied from 16 years to 70 years. The duration of the symptoms ranged from 3 months to 11 years. Ten patients had undergone previous blunt-needle compression of the facial nerve from one to 10 times. The operative results in the 27 patients have so far been excellent. The longest follow-up has been 1 1/2 years. Although partial facial weakness was present in 60% of the cases, it invariably disappeared within 1 to 4 months. Only three patients experienced recurrence of spasm. In two of them, recurrence followed low-temperature coagulation. The procedure is simple, easy to perform, and extremely effective. It can be performed under local anesthesia in the outpatient clinic. PMID- 7229706 TI - Gelfoam paste in experimental laminectomy and cranial trephination: hemostasis and bone healing. AB - The hemostatic properties and effect on osteogenesis of gelatin foam paste and bone wax were compared on surgical bone lesions in experimental animals. Thirty rabbits each received four trephine craniotomies and four lumbar laminectomies. Alternate bone incisions in each animal were treated with either gelatin foam paste or bone wax. Blood loss was measured by absorbing the blood into dry surgical cottonoids weighed before and after use. Bone healing sites of three rabbits were examined histologically to assess the effect of each agent on osteogenesis. The trephination sites of eight rabbits were subjected to fracture force testing at 6 weeks postoperatively to compare the effect ot the two agents on bone healing. No significant difference was found between gelatin foam paste and bone wax in either effectiveness of hemostasis or effect on osteogenesis. PMID- 7229707 TI - Atypical carpal tunnel syndrome with compression of the ulnar and median nerves. Case report. AB - Clinical signs of ulnar nerve involvement at the wrist level were found in a 51 year-old man. The electrophysiological changes were indicative of a median nerve involvement in the carpal tunnel. At operation, the compressed ulnar nerve was found in the carpal tunnel, together with the median nerve. This localization of the ulnar has not been described previously. PMID- 7229708 TI - Multiple cerebral arteriovenous malformations associated with soft-tissue vascular malformations. Case report. PMID- 7229709 TI - Multiple intracranial aneurysms associated with moyamoya disease. Case report. AB - A case of multiple intracranial aneurysms associated with unilateral moyamoya vessels is reported. The authors have reviewed the age, sex, initial symptoms, site of aneurysm, and operative indication in similar cases reported in the literature. It was found that aneurysms associated with moyamoya disease were frequently located in the vertebrobasilar system. PMID- 7229710 TI - Basilar-middle meningeal artery anastomoses associated with a cerebral aneurysm. Case report. PMID- 7229711 TI - Atypical fibromuscular hyperplasia. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of atypical fibromuscular hyperplasia of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are reported. These cases are unique because the changes involve the intima of the vessels without involvement of medial structures as seen in the more common form of fibromuscular hyperplasia. Case 1 is only the fourth report of a symptomatic fibromuscular stenosis at the origin of the ICA. Case 2 is the first report of fibromuscular hyperplasia involving the common carotid artery. Changes similar to those in Case 2 (an elongated area of tubular fibromuscular stenosis) have been reported in the ICA. These atypical or intimal forms of fibromuscular hyperplasia appear to be more common in males and blacks, and may be more often unilateral as well. PMID- 7229712 TI - Cryptococcal skull granuloma. Case report. PMID- 7229713 TI - Neurinomas of the jugular foramen in children. Report of two cases. PMID- 7229714 TI - Computerized tomography of contusional clefts in the white matter in infants. Report of two cases. PMID- 7229715 TI - Prevention of postoperative complications after a transoral transclival approach to basilar aneurysms. Technical note. AB - The authors describe the techniques employed in three patients with basilar artery aneurysms that were treated via the transoral transclival approach. To prevent the formation of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas and the risk of consequent meningitis, complete postoperative closure of the nasopharyngeal mucosa is essential. Long-term nasopharyngeal packing and continuous spinal drainage were found to be effective in these cases. PMID- 7229716 TI - Malleable microsurgical suction device. Technical note. PMID- 7229718 TI - Free fat graft in laminectomy. PMID- 7229717 TI - Treatment of spinal metastases. PMID- 7229719 TI - Ventricular size and sagittal sinus pathology. PMID- 7229720 TI - Imaging--future perspectives. PMID- 7229721 TI - Accuracy of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension determinations obtained by radionuclide angiocardiography. AB - This study tested the ability of first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography to detect accurately the left ventricular endocardial surface of the intact, conscious, chronically instrumented dog. A spherical phantom was used to define the influence of collimation: with a 1.0-in. collimator, the optimal count threshold was a border at 31% of the image's maximum counts; and with a 1.5-in. collimator, the optimal count threshold was at 21%. These were used to analyze cardioscintigrams obtained in 19 studies of six dogs. The dogs were provided with pulse transit sonomicrometer dimension transducers on the endocardium, right atrial pacing electrodes, electrocardiographic leads, and catheters in the superior vena cava and right or left atria. The minor-axis dimension of the left ventricle was measured ultrasonically while the cardioscintigram was being stored. The minor-axis dimension and end-diastolic volume obtained by the two techniques had linear correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.98. This correlation indicates the inherent accuracy of radionuclide techniques by defining left ventricular endocardial edges for a large range of volumes in the dog. PMID- 7229722 TI - Peak rate of left-ventricular ejection by a gated radionuclide technique: correlation with contrast angiography. AB - Gated radionuclide cardiac blood-pool imaging can produce reliable estimates of left-ventricular (LV) volume and ejection fraction. The ventricular volume curve can be used to develop normalized ejection rates, since count volumes and framing times are known. To test the accuracy of the peak ejection rate (maximum dv/dt), as derived by a standard computer algorithm, we studied 15 patients with coronary artery disease by both contrast ventriculography and radionuclide angiography. Max dv/dt by the radionuclide technique correlated well with the angiographic result: r = 0.92, p less than 0.01. The mean intraobserver variation was (plus or minus 12%) and the mean interobserver variation plus or minus 0.33 end-diastolic volumes per sec (plus or minus 13%). We conclude that maximum dv/dt may be derived from gated blood images, with reasonable accuracy and modest variability. PMID- 7229723 TI - Scintigraphic aspects of the recurrence of treated Paget's disease of bone. AB - The value of bone scintigraphy in the prediction and detection of a relapse of Paget's disease of bone after treatment, as well as the pattern of such a recurrence, were studied in a group of 40 patients. Thirty of these received a combination of calcitonin and HEDP, ten were treated alternately with calcitonin and HEDP. Scintigraphic deterioration is reliable evidence for a recurrence of Paget's disease of bone; one third of all recurrences was noted first on the bone scintigram. In another third of the cases of recurrence, however, the scintigram showed virtually no signs of deterioration. Scintigraphically a recurrence appears as a diffuse and homogeneous increase in activity in an affected part of the skeleton, or a focal and spotty increase of uptake in a diseased area, or a progression of a lesion beyond its original boundaries into healthy bone. Recurrence is usually not a generalized process occurring throughout the skeleton, but remains restricted to one or several lesions. Recurrence after combined treatment appeared to differ in nature from that seen after the use of calcitonin alone; the former was probably due to local exacerbation of the disease, probably caused by insufficient suppression of the Pagetic cells at these sites. The chance of recurrence could not be predicted on the basis of the pretreatment bone scintigram. PMID- 7229724 TI - Preparation and characterization of two complexes of technetium with 2 mercaptocarboxylic acids. AB - We have synthesized the tetraphenylarsonium salts of oxotechnetium(V)bis-(2 mercaptopropionate) and oxotechnetium(V)bis-(2-mercaptohexadecanoate) containing macromolar quantities of the long-lived isotope technetium-99. The compounds were investigated by elemental analysis, paper electrophoresis, and infrared and ultraviolet-visual spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and field desorption mass spectrometry. The findings suggest that the technetium atom is coordinated by two sulfur and three oxygen atoms in a square pyramid, the two sulfur atoms and two of the oxygen atoms forming the base and the third oxygen atom the apex. The carboxyl oxygen coordinated to technetium will not be available for binding in vivo. This factor should be considered in the design of technetium 99m-labeled radiopharmaceuticals containing a mercapto group alpha to a carboxyl group. PMID- 7229725 TI - A method for the determination of ECG gate signal delays. AB - A simple device using a rotating radioactive source was developed to monitor the presence of a delay between the patient's R wave and the gate signal being sent to the computer. Three commercial ECG gates were tested and significant delays were found in two of them. Identical patient data evaluated using ECG gates with and without significant delays produced calculated left-ventricular ejection fractions of 0.05 and 0.64, respectively. PMID- 7229726 TI - New horizons for therapeutic nuclear medicine in 1981. AB - The therapeutic approach of internally administered radiopharmaceuticals offers the potential to outmode the present approaches of conventional radiation therapy and chemotherapy because of three characteristics: 1. The therapeutic use of radiopharmaceuticals may deliver as much as orders of magnitude larger rad doses than conventional radiation therapy to target tissues, selectively irradiating these tissues internally in one radiation dose. 2. The therapeutic use of radiopharmaceuticals is followed by a lower incidence of leukemia and other cancers. 3. The treatment is comparatively noninvasive and nontraumatic. We can now make this rather strong statement with fairly firm conviction because Na131I has been used since 1946 (33 years) to treat almost a million patients for hyperthyroidism (a) and in approximately 5000 patients for well-differentiated thyroid cancer (b); NaH2PO4(P-32) has been used for 35 years to treat approximately 25,000 patients with polycythemia vera (3-5). PMID- 7229727 TI - Measurement of free thyroxine in serum. PMID- 7229728 TI - Correction of errors in renal function estimation by single-sample technique. PMID- 7229729 TI - Iatrogenic rupture of urinary bladder: incidental finding on bone scan. PMID- 7229730 TI - Influence of high protein diets on cartilage and bone formation in rats. AB - The influence of diets containing combinations of high protein and low calcium on discrete stages of bone formation was investigated in 28-day-old rats. A bone matrix-induced bone forming system was utilized to determine the stages of endochondral ossification that were being affected. Mesenchymal cell proliferation as assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and ornithine decarboxylase activity were unchanged in animals fed a high protein (80% casein)/normal calcium (0.61% Ca; 0.40% P) diet. However, osteogenesis was reduced by 78% in the rats fed high protein/normal calcium as measured by 45Ca incorporation. Alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in bone were increased 2.5 and 2.3 times, respectively, reflecting increased matrix turnover induced by the high protein availability. Bone that did form was not remodeled nor was there evidence of marrow formation. The animals were normocalcemic and normophosphatemic and showed no evidence of acidosis. A combination diet of high protein and low calcium resulted in a 62% reduction of cell proliferation and chondrogenesis and a 98% inhibition of bone formation. High dietary protein induced osteoporosis in animals is due to a failure of osteogenesis of the stage of ossification possibly a result of restricted availability of calcium at the site of mineralization. PMID- 7229731 TI - Feasibility of intrinsic labeling of poultry meat with stable isotope of selenium (74Se) for use in human metabolic studies. AB - Sixteen day-old cockerel broiler-type chickens were placed on a simplified, corn soybean meal broiler starter ration. Each chick was gavaged on 12 separate days over a growth period of 42 days with solutions of Na2SeO3 (control group) or Na74SeO3 (test group). The animals were killed on the 43rd day and the concentrations of the stable isotopes 74Se and 76Se were determined in meat, skin and liver samples using the method of radiochemical neutron activation analysis. We found that significant enrichment of 74Se occurred in the tissues of test animals as compared with the controls and that the degree of enrichment achieved was sufficient to allow use of these chickens in human feeding experiments designed to investigate bioavailability of dietary selenium employing the method of stable isotopes and fecal monitoring. PMID- 7229732 TI - Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in whole blood, plasma and blood cells of postpartum nonlactating and lactating rats and their pups. AB - Pregnant rats were fed either a diet containing 20.2 mg pyridoxine/kg (control) or a diet containing 1,430 mg/kg (high vitamin B-6). At the time of delivery, pups were removed from half of the dams fed each diet. This resulted in four treatment groups: lactating and nonlactating dams fed the control diet and lactating and nonlactating dams fed the high vitamin B-6 diet. At delivery and at weeks 1, 2, and 3 postpartum, groups of dams and pups were killed and the content of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) in whole blood, plasma and blood cells was measured. The PLP content in the whole blood of dams and pups was increased significantly by the high vitamin B-6 diet. Lactation had no effect on the PLP in whole blood of dams. Diet increased the PLP content in the plasma of dams and pups only slightly, whereas lactation greatly depressed PLP in the dams' plasma. In the blood cells, the PLP content was increased by diet and decreased by lactation. PMID- 7229733 TI - Antiketonemic and antiketogenic actions of carnitine in vivo and in vitro in rats. AB - The effect of carnitine on ketone and lipid metabolism in intact rats and in isolated tissues was investigated. DL-Carnitine (200 mg/100 g body weight) administered orally lowered by approximately 40-65% plasma concentrations of ketone bodies in suckling rats and fasted adult rats. It also suppressed hyperketonemia induced by corn oil feeding in suckling and adult rats by approximately 30-60%. Carnitine did not change beta-hydroxybutyrate oxidation in heart and kidney mitochondria. Incubation of carnitine with tissue slices of cerebral cortex, kidney and diaphragm did not affect 14CO2 production or lipid synthesis from DL-[3-14C]-beta-hydroxybutyrate. The compound reduced the urinary concentration and excretion of ketone bodies in rats fed corn oil but had no effect in rats not treated with corn oil. Although DL-carnitine at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 20 mM stimulated ketone production in hepatocytes, at a higher concentration (i.e., 40 mM) it produced a sharp depression in ketogenesis. These results indicate that carnitine does not stimulate ketone utilization by extrahepatic tissues. The antiketonemic effect of carnitine in rats treated with a high dose of the compound most likely results from inhibition of hepatic ketone production. An excessive increase in free carnitine by exogenous administration could upset the equilibrium fat conversion of acylcarnitine to acylCoA in mitochondria and hence suppress beta-oxidation and ketogenesis. PMID- 7229734 TI - Iron availability and absorption in rats fed sodium phytate. AB - Effects of dietary sodium phytate on iron availability and absorption in rats were assessed in two experiments. In the first experiment, iron-deficient rats were switched to diets containing variable levels of added sodium phytate and variable levels of iron as ferrous sulfate. Iron availability was evaluated by measuring hemoglobin regeneration after 2 weeks of feeding these diets. In the second experiment, both iron-adequate and iron-deficient rats were force-fed a slurry containing an iron-deficient diet, 59Fe and sodium phytate. Iron absorption was assessed by measuring the percentage of the 59Fe dose retained by the rats after 9 days. The results of the first experiment indicated that levels of dietary phytate up to 4% of the diet do not impair hemoglobin regeneration by anemic rats. The results of the second experiment indicated that sodium phytate does not affect iron absorption differently in iron-adequate rats compared to iron-deficient rats. It is suggested that conflicting results in the literature on effects of phytate on iron absorption may be explained by differences in experimental conditions or by the presence in the diet of some inhibitory component besides phytate, possibly dietary fiber. PMID- 7229735 TI - Effects of vitamin B-6 deficiency on morphological changes in dendritic trees of Purkinje cells in developing cerebellum of rats. AB - The effect of maternal vitamin B-6 deficiency on the morphological changes in the dendritic growth of Purkinje cells of progeny was studied at four different ages (12, 15, 21, and 50 days) of postnatal development. By day 10, rat pups in the deficient groups (0.6 or 1.0 mg pyridoxine . HCl/kg diet) began to show gross neurological symptoms of the deficiency and before weaning approximately 12% of the pups in the 0.6 group had died. At each age studied, body weights were less and brain-body weight ratios were greater in the deficient groups compared to control (7.0 mg pyridoxine . HCl/kg diet) groups. Morphological changes of the Purkinje cell dendritic field, as determined from camera lucida drawings of Golgi Cox impregnated cells of the mid-sagittal vermis, indicated significantly smaller width, height and area in the deficient groups compared to the control. Stereological measurements showed that dendritic branching density was significantly less in the 0.6 group compared with the 1.0 and 7.0 groups. The total length of Purkinje cell dendrites per cell was significantly reduced in the deficient groups compared to the 7.0 group. Qualitative analyses of photomicrographs of Purkinje cells indicated more dendritic and somatic aberrations in the deficient groups than in the control. Dendritic trees were larger in size and more complex in the 7.0 group compared to the deficient groups. The findings indicate that maternal vitamin B-6 deficiency interferes with normal development of the Purkinje cell dendrites. PMID- 7229736 TI - Effect of maternal zinc deficiency or food restriction on rat fetal pancreas. I. Procarboxypeptidase A and chymotrypsinogen. AB - Maternal zinc deficiency lowered the protein, zinc and zymogen content of the day 19 rat fetal pancreas. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a zinc-deficient diet (0.4 +/- 0.1 ppm zinc) and libitum or a zinc-supplemented control diet (100 ppm zinc) either ad libitum or with restricted intake. At day 19 of pregnancy, the pancreata from zinc-deficient fetuses contained 50% less zinc and 15% less cellular protein than did fetal pancreas from normal or restricted intake controls, although DNA content was normal. Zymogen granulation of pancreatic acinar cells from zinc-deficient fetuses was decreased. The two major proteolytic zymogens of the rat fetal pancreas--procarboxypeptidase A, a zinc metalloprotein, and chymotrypsinogen--were each 30% lower per cell in zinc-deficient fetuses than in controls. Zinc-deficient fetuses taken from large litters of seven or more young per litter had lower levels of procarboxypeptidase A and chymotrypsinogen in the pancreata than did fetuses taken from smaller litters. The results suggest that exocrine zymogen accumulation is lower than normal in the pancreata of zinc deficient fetuses, irrespective of the zinc dependency of the enzyme proteins involved. PMID- 7229737 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency: effects of cross-fostering mice at birth on brain growth and myelination. PMID- 7229738 TI - Effect of some dietary additions to either an arginine-devoid diet or a diet supplemented with orotic acid refed after starvation on liver lipid content during essential fatty acid deficiency in rats. AB - Refeeding either an arginine-devoid diet or a 14% casein diet supplemented with 1% orotic acid for 7 days to starved rats caused an increase in liver lipid content which was prevented by the addition of adenine, allopurinol and safflower oil, but not guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil. When rats were refed the arginine-devoid diet unsupplemented or supplemented with guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil, their serum triglyceride and cholesterol decreased or tended to decrease as compared with those of rats refed the arginine-devoid diet supplemented with either adenine or allopurinol or rats refed the arginine supplemented diet. Furthermore, triglyceride and cholesterol in serum of rats refed the arginine-devoid diet supplemented with either adenine or allopurinol increased as compared with those of rats refed the arginine-supplemented diet. The addition of either adenine or allopurinol to the arginine-devoid diet resulted in lowered lipid content in the liver as compared with the arginine supplemented diet. Thus, when the arginine-devoid diet unsupplemented or supplemented with arginine, adenine and allopurinol was refed, liver lipid content was inversely related to the serum triglyceride level. PMID- 7229739 TI - Effect of nicotinic acid on the concentration of cerebroside in rat brain. AB - The effect of nicotinic acid on the changes of rat brain cerebroside levels has been studied during brain development. There is a gradual increase in the concentration of cerebroside from 12 days of age to adult level at approximately 47 days of age. However, the concentration of cerebroside was significantly lower in brain of rat fed the nicotinic acid-deficient diet. Therefore, nicotinic acid may play an important role in cerebroside synthesis in brain of developing rat. PMID- 7229740 TI - Metabolic alterations in the endogenous formation of 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 in the brain-stem of stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Endogenous biosynthetic capacities for prostaglandin (PG)E2, thromboxane (TX)B2 (a stable degradation product of TXA2) and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha (a stable degradation product of PGI2) in the brain-stem fractions of stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSR) and control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKR) were determined with novel methods and presented in an original report. In comparison with WKR, it is characteristically found that TXB2 synthesis is increased in excess of threefold in the pons-medulla oblongata of SHRSR, while being decreased by 75% in the hypothalamic region of SHRSR (0.01 less than p less than 0.05). On the other hand, the biosynthesis of PGE2 is adaptively elevated in both hypothalamus and pons-medulla oblongata regions of each animal, although the PGI2/PGE2 ratio was lowered in both these regions of SHRSR. PMID- 7229741 TI - The biological activity of vitamin B6 analogs in the rat. AB - The effects of three vitamin B6 analogs were studied in young adult and weanling rats. The 2-ethyl analog was the most active. It produced higher growth rates, an average feed efficiency equal to the control and elevated liver glycogen levels. Xanthurenic acid excretion remained low with the 2-ethyl analog and pyridoxine in the diet and plasma amino acid concentration was low. Response to the 2-n-propyl analog was similar to that of a B6-deficient diet, with a large increase in xanthurenic acid excretion. Rats receiving the 2-isopropyl analog were intermediate between the ethyl group and B6-deficient animals in all parameters measured. These in vivo results parallel those reported in the in vitro yeast pyridoxine dehydrogenase enzyme system. The ethyl pyridoxine analog was the most active of all the analogs in the yeast dehydrogenase system, in supporting growth and in maintaining normal xanthurenic acid excretion in the rat. PMID- 7229742 TI - Serum lipid levels in iron deficiency anemia and effects of various treatments. AB - Effects of anemia on serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were studied in Sri Lanka. In subjects with hemoglobin (Hb) levels of less than 9.0 g/100 ml, there was a significant relationship between Hb and cholesterol levels (r = 0.53). This relationship was not seen in subjects with Hb levels equal to, or greater than, 9.0 g/100 ml. Triglyceride levels were independent of Hb levels. Total cholesterol levels were elevated following an increase in Hb levels by transfusion and iron treatment. It was suggested that the concentration of red blood cells may affect cholesterol synthesis or mobilization from tissue to plasma. PMID- 7229743 TI - Utilization of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan given intravenously to unrestrained adult rats. AB - The nutritional value of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (NALT) given intravenously was examined in unrestrained adult rats. They were given solutions of 4% Vuj pattern amino acids, 24.5% glucose, vitamins and electrolytes intravenously for 10 days. They were divided into three groups; one group was then injected intravenously with complete amino acid solution (T group), one with tryptophan-free amino acid solution (TF group) and one group with complete amino acid solution but with NALT instead of tryptophan (NALT). The biological value of the NALT group was 49.6; this value corresponded to 90% of that of the T group. Excretion of injected amino acids totalled about 2.0 to 3.0% in this experiment. The effects of NALT on carcass composition, certain blood constituents and tryptophan pyrrolase activity in the liver were also examined. PMID- 7229744 TI - Gastrointestinal responses to graded levels of cellulose feeding in conventional and germ-free mice. AB - Conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) mice were fed on a semi-synthetic diet containing graded levels of cellulose (0, 5, 15 and 30%), and thereafter the length and wet weight of intestine, the morphology of mid-jejunum epithelium and the turnover of mid-jejunum epithelial cells were determined. The following results were obtained. enlarged stomachs were observed in CV mice fed on a non cellulose or 30% cellulose diet, but there were no differences found among the four dietary groups in GF mice. On the other hand, no effect of intestinal bacteria was observed, at least with regard to caecum weight, since the responses of caecum wet weight to the graded cellulose intake in CV mice were similar to those in GF mice. The responses of intestine length to graded cellulose intake differed between CV and GF mice, indicating that intestinal bacteria may modify the length of intestine in some way. Marked differences were observed in the responses of villus length to graded levels of cellulose between CV and GF mice. That is, in CV mice there was a gradual increase in villus length as cellulose content increased, whereas in GF mice there was a marked decrease in villus length. In the CV mice, graded levels of dietary cellulose had no effect on the epithelial cell turnover. On the other hand, in the GF mice it was observed that the greater the amount of dietary cellulose, the faster the turnover rate becomes. As a result, dietary cellulose would enhance the turnover rates of jejunal epithelial cells only in the absence of intestinal bacteria. PMID- 7229745 TI - Effects of riboflavin deficiency on lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes. AB - Increases in cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 and a decrease in NADPH cytochrome c (P-450) reductase were generally brought about by feeding the riboflavin-deficient diet to young rats (50-120 g body weight) for 5 weeks, whereas no significant changes in these enzymes were observed with rats of 220 g body weight by feeding for 2 weeks. Amounts of lipid peroxides in the serum or the liver tissue and microsomes increased significantly after feeding the deficient diet for 5 weeks, in comparison with the respective control rats. On the other hand, NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in the presence of ferric ion and pyrophosphate, assayed as malondialdehyde, was decreased drastically in the liver microsomes of all groups of riboflavin-deficient rats irrespective of the period or body weight of animals. Lipid peroxidation could be detected by addition of EDTA-ferric ion or ferricyanide to the incubation medium, though the formation of malondialdehyde was less than that expected by the activity of NADPH cytochrome c reductase. NADPH-reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium with liver microsomes was decreased in riboflavin deficiency, and was almost able to be correlated with the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. Following intraperitoneal injection of riboflavin into the deficient rats, NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in the presence of ferric ion and pyrophosphate recovered only to 10% of the control rates at 40 hr after the injection, when cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase levels were restored to those of their respective controls. Activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes, aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase were decreased by initiation of feeding from the weanling stage, but the activities changed only slightly by feeding from the 120 g of body weight stage. PMID- 7229746 TI - Presence of a thiamine-binding protein in rice bran. PMID- 7229747 TI - Childhood celiac disease--a reappraisal. PMID- 7229748 TI - Uric acid in childhood essential hypertension. AB - Serum uric acid concentrations and the fractional excretion of uric acid were determined in 31 children from 3 1/2 to 18 years of age with essential hypertension. While on an unrestricted sodium intake, elevated serum values of uric acid were found in 13 of 31 (42%) of the children. After ingesting a low sodium diet (200 mg/day) for three days, mean serum uric acid values increased by 0.7 mg/dl (P less than 0.001). There was a significant inverse correlation between the serum uric acid concentrations and fractional excretion of uric acid during the normal and low-sodium diet. This study indicates that the major factor leading to hyperuricemia in our hypertensive patients was a decrease in urate clearance. Insofar as hyperuricemia may represent a cardiovascular risk factor, this abnormality already exists in a significant fraction of hypertensive children and adolescents. PMID- 7229749 TI - Risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection for infants from low-income families in relationship to age, sex, ethnic group, and maternal antibody level. AB - The risk for hospitalization with respiratory syncytial virus infection during the first year of life was about five per 1,000 live births per year for infants born to low-income families in Houston from 1975 to 1979. The risk varied depending upon the intensity of the epidemic for a given season, the month of birth of the infant, and the level of passively acquired maternal antibody at the time of birth. Over 80% of the children hospitalized were less than 6 months of age; thus, most were born during the six months preceding the peak of RS virus activity. The neutralizing antibody titers in cord sera of 68 infants with culture-proven infections before 6 months of age were significantly lower than those of 575 randomly selected cord samples of infants born during the same period. The level of antibody at the time of birth was directly correlated with age at the time of infection. In addition, infants with more severe illnesses had lower levels of antibody in serum collected near onset of illness than did infants with milder illnesses. These observations demonstrate protection against RS infection in early infancy that is correlated with the level of maternal antibody, but it is not known if this protection is mediated directly by the passively acquired antibody or by some other mechanism. PMID- 7229750 TI - Malabsorption and defective utilization of iron in three siblings. AB - Three siblings had iron deficiency anemia without evidence of reduced iron intake or gastrointestinal blood loss. They failed to respond to oral iron therapy, and malabsorption of oral medicinal iron was demonstrated in two of the children. All three had a partial but incomplete hematologic response to intramuscular iron dextran treatment. There was no evidence for other well-defined causes of hypochromic microcytic anemia or for a generalized disorder of intestinal absorption. These three patients appear to have a familial disorder characterized by impaired iron absorption and utilization, similar to that observed in the mk/mk mouse. PMID- 7229751 TI - Hypermethioninemia associated with methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency: clinical, morphologic, and biochemical observations on four patients. AB - Four patients with hypermethioninemia were ascertained in neonatal mass metabolic screening programs. Hypermethioninemia has persisted in all cases. There were no other abnormalities in sulfur-amino acid concentrations, and routine serum chemical determinations, including the results of "liver function" tests, were normal. Hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase activity was found to be low, ranging from 7.8 to 17.5% (mean 11.4%) of the normal adult control value. Electron microscopy of liver showed increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum, decreased rough endoplasmic reticulum, and increased lysosomes; short breaks in the outer membranes of mitochondria were present to a variable extent. Despite the persistent hypermethioninemia, which argues for continued deficiency of hepatic MAT, all four children appear well. This ostensible well being may be a result of the normal activity of extrahepatic MATs, as shown for erythrocytes and for cultured fibroblasts and lymphoid cells. PMID- 7229752 TI - Abnormal facies, cleft palate, and generalized dysostosis: a lethal X-linked syndrome. AB - Four boys of the same family (three first cousins and their uncle) had the same syndrome of multiple malformations. They had hypertelorism, antimongolian slant of the palpebral fissures, low-set ears, and Pierre Robin syndrome. The ossification of the skull vault was defective, with broad sutures and fontanelles. The ribs were sinuous, the clavicles were long, thin, and sloping, and the vertebrae were flattened. There were abnormal bowing with hyperostosis of the long bones, faulty ossification of the bones of hand and feet, and "fanned out" toes. The disorder was lethal within a few weeks. The karyotype was normal. The mothers of affected boys had a mild form of the same abnormal facies. Transmission of this disorder appears to be linked to the X chromosome. PMID- 7229753 TI - Iron deficiency in one-year-old infants: comparison of results of a therapeutic trial in infants with anemia or low-normal hemoglobin values. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the Hgb response to a therapeutic trial of iron in infants with anemia compared to those with low-normal hemoglobin values. Hgb was determined in 1.128 one-year-old infants. The 278 infants (25%) who had an Hgb less than 11.5 gm/dl were given a three-month oral course of ferrous sulfate (3 mg iron/kg/day); the regimen was satisfactorily completed by 188 infants. Of the 75 infants whose initial capillary Hgb was in the anemic range (Hgb less than 11.0 gm/dl), 45% had an increase in venous Hgb greater than or equal to 1.0 gm/dl. Of the 113 infants with initial capillary values in the low-normal range (11.0 to 11.4 gm/dl), 28% had greater than or equal to 1.0 gm/dl Hgb response. Despite the lower rate of response in the low-normal group, almost half of the infants with a greater than or equal to 1 gm/dl response would have been missed by using the generally accepted cutoff value of 11 gm/dl for a therapeutic trial. Because of the low cost and simplicity of a therapeutic trial, we favor including the low-normal Hgb group for a therapeutic trial of iron in order to avoid missing iron-responsive individuals among groups of infants with a similarly high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 7229754 TI - Risks of research in children. PMID- 7229755 TI - Exercise blood pressure response--a predictor of severity of aortic stenosis in children. PMID- 7229756 TI - Malignant hypertension: recovery of renal function after treatment with antihypertensive medications and hemodialysis. PMID- 7229757 TI - Cardiac malformations in the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7229758 TI - Plasma exchange in refractory acute autoimmune hemolytic anemia. PMID- 7229759 TI - The identification of high-risk elbow hemorrhages in adolescents with severe hemophilia A. PMID- 7229761 TI - Possible monocyte killing defect in familial atypical mycobacteriosis. PMID- 7229760 TI - Normal function of neonatal polymorphonuclear leukocytes in antibody-dependent cellular-cytotoxicity to herpes simplex virus-infected cells. PMID- 7229762 TI - Amino acid pattern in Reye syndrome: comparison with clinically similar entities. PMID- 7229763 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in near-miss sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7229764 TI - Decreased use of antibiotics using a neonatal sepsis screening technique. AB - Antibiotic use was evaluated in an intensive care nursery before (1975-77, Group 1) and after 1978-80, Group 2) a "sepsis screen" was used at the bedside. All babies were evaluated prospectively, but the sepsis screen was available within an hour to influence decisions about antibiotics only in Group 2. The screen was positive if two or more of five simple tests were positive when investigation for possible sepsis was initiated. Group 1 and Group 2 had similar numbers of babies with proven sepsis and positive sepsis screens, and similar reasons for investigation, but there was a marked decrease (P less than 0.0001) in antibiotic use in Group 2. When only those babies with a negative sepsis screen were evaluated, the result was even more striking. This study demonstrates that antibiotic use can be decreased with the help of simple, rapid, and inexpensive tests. PMID- 7229765 TI - Etiologic factors in rickets of very low-birth-weight infants. AB - The incidence of rickets was found to be 32% (39/125) in a retrospective review of consecutive survivors of very low birth weight in whom serial radiographic and biochemical data were obtained. A higher proportion of these infants were black, had a greater initial weight loss, and had a longer hospitalization; there was a prevalence of births in the spring. Soy formula, supplemented with calcium and vitamin D but not phosphorus, was used predominantly in both groups; cumulative calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and caloric intakes were the same. We believe that the etiology of rickets in VLBW infants is multifactorial; however, nutritional deficiency is of central importance. Soy isolate formula, as well as human milk and many other commercially available formulas, do not provide sufficient calcium and phosphorus to keep pace with rates of intrauterine accretion. Supplementation with calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, beginning as soon as possible after birth, is indicated. PMID- 7229766 TI - alpha-Tocopherol (vitamin E) content of lung, liver, and blood in the newborn rat and human infant: influence of hyperoxia. AB - Increases in liver and lung alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) content occur concurrent with birth and the onset of suckling in the newborn rat and are prevented by denying pups access to dams. Liver alpha-tocopherol concentration peaks at 24 hours of age and then declines, whereas the lung concentration of alpha tocopherol continues to increase in the early neonatal period. These tissue changes are not reflected by changes in the blood alpha-tocopherol concentration. Significant increases in lung alpha-tocopherol result from administering alpha tocopherol (100 mg/kg body weight, sc) on days 0, 2, and 4 of age. Studies of lung alpha-tocopherol concentrations in infants with varying histories of alpha tocopherol exposure confirm the findings in the rat, and suggest that increases in lung alpha-tocopherol concentration result from administration of alpha tocopherol in the immediate newborn period. Studies of alpha-tocopherol values in alpha-tocopherol-treated and control newborn rats reveal no significant changes in lung tocopherol concentration resulting from exposure to hyperoxia. PMID- 7229767 TI - Lung volumes and lung mechanics in babies born vaginally and by elective and emergency lower segmental cesarean section. PMID- 7229768 TI - Thyroid function studies in cord blood from premature infants with and without RDS. PMID- 7229769 TI - Aortic thrombosis presenting as congestive heart failure: an umbilical artery catheter complication. PMID- 7229770 TI - Pulmonary excretion of carbon monoxide as an index of bilirubin production. IIa. Evidence for possible delayed clearance of bilirubin in infants of diabetic mothers. PMID- 7229771 TI - Chloramphenicol and cardiotoxicity. PMID- 7229772 TI - Carbamazepine-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. PMID- 7229773 TI - Absorption characteristics of sustained release theophylline capsules administered in applesauce. PMID- 7229774 TI - Electrolyte/glucose concentration and bacterial contamination in home-prepared oral rehydration solution: a field experience in northeastern Brazil. PMID- 7229775 TI - Assessment of risk in research on children. AB - Proposed federal regulations regarding clinical research require that institutional review boards determine whether a research project involving children is justified and, if so, whether the child's assent and parent's permission should be required before the child becomes a research subject. A key factor in the IRB's decision is assessment of the risk to the child from participation in the research. Since data on frequency of risks associated with many pediatric procedures that may be employed in clinical research is lacking, a survey of pediatric department chairmen and pediatric clinical research center directors was conducted to ascertain their opinions of the risks of some procedures at various ages of childhood. Although most of these procedures were thought to be of minimal or less than minimal risk, a few (certain types of venipuncture, arterial puncture, and gastric and intestinal intubation) were thought to pose greater than minimal risk, especially in young children. Respondents were also asked to indicate the criteria used to decide whether a child is capable of giving assent to participate in an experimental procedure. In the majority of institutions (73%), it appears that this decision is left to the clinical judgment of the investigator or a member of the research group. PMID- 7229776 TI - Parent's knowledge about acetaminophen. PMID- 7229777 TI - Exchange transfusion as a treatment for hyperleukocytosis, anemia, and metabolic abnormalities in patients with leukemia. PMID- 7229778 TI - Doppler ultrasonography in evaluation of PDA shunting. PMID- 7229779 TI - Staphylococcal protein A in diagnosis of congenital infections. PMID- 7229780 TI - Prediction of phenytoin dosage requirements. PMID- 7229782 TI - Visual function in term newborn infants and preterm neonates (at the same conceptional age) PMID- 7229781 TI - Cause of dwarfism in Mauriac syndrome. PMID- 7229784 TI - Development of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in patients treated with cefamandole. PMID- 7229783 TI - Interactions among chloramphenicol, phenytoin, and phenobarbital in a pediatric patient. PMID- 7229785 TI - An analysis of observed attention and activity patterns in preschool children. AB - An activity-attention scale was incorporated into the Pediatric Examination of Educational Readiness to determine whether performance of age-appropriate tasks would elicit or provoke attentional weakness or activity level modulation in a sample of prekindergarten children. Thirty-three (9.8%) of the 338 children met the criteria of weak attention and/or increased activity at one time during the assessment, and 18 (5.3%) met the criteria at two or more times. The "flagged" children were more likely to be boys and to have other developmental findings, lower McCarthy scores, and teacher concerns. Significant fluctuation of attention was noted commonly during the sessions. Furthermore, difficulty in interrater scoring of severity was demonstrated. This study underscores the variability and complexity of attention and activity findings, and confirms the need for direct observation as well as integration of information from all available sources. PMID- 7229786 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux. AB - It is now widely recognized that gastroesophageal reflux causes a number of symptoms in children. Numerous tests have been developed and document the presence of GER, but none is infallible, partially because some reflux is a normal phenomenon. A carefully obtained history and esophagram are the two most useful and available clinical tools. Other tests are useful if there is no agreement between history and esophagram, if specific problems need to be documented (esophagitis), or if more certain documentation is desired because of atypical disease or in anticipation of surgery. If two tests of esophageal function agree, presence or absence of GER is diagnosed with a high degree of accuracy. At present, there is no test that will consistently demonstrate that reflux is causing respiratory symptoms. Most cases of GER in infants will respond to therapy or benign neglect by the time the babies are 18 months of age. This is in contrast to the adult situation, where reflux exists for decades and therapy is directed at the chief symptom, heartburn. Unless there are life-threatening complications or strictures, an intensive course of medical therapy is indicated. Positional therapy is presently the keystone of medical therapy, but is less effective and harder to institute in older patients. Use of thickened feedings may have some benefit. If heartburn or esophagitis is present, attempts to neutralize gastric contents are indicated. Some experience is developing in the use of drugs to control reflux, and a trial of bethanechol is warranted in difficult cases. Since most cases will improve by 18 months of age, therapy is required for only a limited time. At present, surgery is quite safe and is very effective in controlling reflux, although there is no clear consensus on how prolonged and severe symptoms must be to justify surgery in the absence of life threatening complications. PMID- 7229787 TI - Lung function abnormalities after acute bronchiolitis. AB - Measurements of thoracic gas volume, airways resistance, and total respiratory resistance were measured in a group of babies with acute severe bronchiolitis. Assessments were made at convalescence, three to four months later, and after 12 months. Clinical histories were also taken 12 months after the acute episode. Results at this time showed that 35% of the infants had coughing attacks, 50% episodes of wheezing, 50% had dry skin or eczema, and that over 75% had lung function abnormality. PMID- 7229788 TI - Supraventricular tachycardia in children: clinical features, response to treatment, and long-term follow-up in 217 patients. AB - We reviewed the records of 217 children whose first episode of supraventricular tachycardia occurred before 18 years (median age 24 months). There were 112 males and 105 females. Of the 49 with congenital heart disease, SVT began before any operation in 26 and greater than 2 weeks postoperatively in 23. Wolf-Parkinson White syndrome was present on surface ECG in 47/217 (22%). Congestive heart failure accompanied the first episode of SVT in 38% of the patients who were 4 months of age or younger, and in only 19% of those over 4 months (P less than 0.001). Treatment was successful in stopping SVT within 48 hours in 90/142 (63%). Successful short-term treatment included digoxin 57/184 (68%), cardioversion 12/20 (60%), vagal maneuvers 12/19 (63%), phenylephrine 3/9, and overdrive pacing 4/5. SVT recurred at least once in 83% of all patients. On follow-up (mean 4.6 years), episodes of SVT were still present in 56%. Three patients died--two from incessant SVT and one from a CVA after VSD repair. We conclude that long-term status was difficult to predict, but SVT was present in fewer patients whose age at onset was less than 4 months and in those with unoperated CHD. Early recurrence was not a poor prognostic sign. We recommended treatment for at least one year in all patients with SVT, whether or not the first episode terminates spontaneously. PMID- 7229789 TI - Do breast-feeding and delayed introduction of solid foods protect against subsequent obesity? AB - To correct methodologic flaws (Type II error, confounding variables, and nonblinding) in previous studies relating infant feeding to later obesity, we conducted case-control studies of 639 patients 12 to 18 years of age attending our Adolescent Clinic, and 533 similarly aged healthy children attending a Montreal high school. Each subject was classified as either obese, overweight, or nonobese based on measurements of height, weight, and triceps and subscapular skinfolds. Feeding history, family history, and demographic data were later ascertained "blindly" by telephone interview. Analysis of the raw data revealed a significantly elevated estimated relative risk of not breast-feeding and a significant trend for rates of breast-feeding among the three weight groups. The magnitude of the protective effect appeared to rise slightly with increased duration of breast-feeding. Delayed introduction of solid foods provided little if any additional benefit. Several demographic and clinical variables proved to be confounding, but the significant protective effect of breast-feeding persisted even after controlling for confounders. We conclude that breast-feeding does protect against later obesity and attribute the conflicting results of previous studies to insufficient attention to methodologic standards. PMID- 7229790 TI - Screening for iron deficiency anemia in one-year-old infants: hemoglobin alone or hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume as predictors of response to iron treatment. AB - Initial screening for anemia was performed on a capillary blood sample in 800 apparently healthy one-year-old white infants. Twenty-six percent had a Hgb or MCV below the estimated tenth percentile of normal and were asked to return for blood counts on a venous sample. They were then started on a three-month course of oral iron. Of the 151 infants who satisfactorily completed the treatment regimen, 54 had a greater than or equal to 1 gm/dl rise in venous Hgb (2.8 infants treated/response). If conformation of the capillary by the venous values had been a prerequisite for treatment, the size of the treatment group would have decreased from 151 to 87, the response rate would have been improved to 2.0 infants treated per response, but 11 of the infants who had a greater than or equal to 1 gm/dl response would have been missed. Since toxicity from iron therapy is rare, either the use of capillary blood counts alone or in combination with venous values constitutes a satisfactory basis for a therapeutic trial of iron in similar populations. Further evaluation can then be reserved for the small number whose Hgb remains below the lower limit of normal after treatment. PMID- 7229791 TI - Evaluation of the Limulus test for endotoxemia in neonates with suspected sepsis. AB - A simplified test for endotoxemia was evaluated in parallel with 198 blood cultures from 115 neonates requiring transitional or intensive care. The Limulus assay disclosed endotoxemia in seven of eight patients with gram-negative bacteremia tested on one or two occasions. It was not specific for bacteremia, especially during the first week of life, when 37 of 112 tests from nonbacteremic infants (33%) were positive. In older infants, positive tests were obtained in only ten of 55 without bacteremia (18%) (P less than 0.07), six of whom had necrotizing enterocolitis as the likely source of endotoxemia. Gram-negative bacteremia existed in 5% of infants (two of 39) less than or equal to 7 days with positive tests and in 37% of older infants (six of 16) (P less than 0.01). Endotoxemia appears to be frequent among infants appearing to have sepsis and may contribute to neonatal morbidity. The Limulus assay may be a useful diagnostic test for coliform bacteremia and necrotizing enterocolitis beyond the first week of life. PMID- 7229792 TI - Minimal brain dysfunction, hyperkinesis, learning disabilities, attention deficit disorder. PMID- 7229793 TI - Elevated serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in the hypercalcemia of sarcoidosis: correction by glucocorticoid therapy. PMID- 7229794 TI - Iron status of children with elevated blood lead concentrations. PMID- 7229795 TI - Pathophysiologic basis for anemia associated with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis: preliminary observations. PMID- 7229796 TI - Acute myocardial infarction in a young hemophiliac patient during therapy with Factor IX concentrate and epsilon aminocaproic acid. PMID- 7229797 TI - Ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm and coronary artery aneurysms with myocardial infarction in a 14-year-old boy: new manifestations of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. PMID- 7229798 TI - Minor hemoglobins in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 7229799 TI - Coexistence of antenatal, infantile, and juvenile nephrotic syndrome in a single family. PMID- 7229800 TI - Vibrio cholerae meningitis in a neonate. PMID- 7229801 TI - Preaxial polydactyly of the foot associated with early amnion rupture: evidence for mechanical teratogenesis? PMID- 7229802 TI - Newborn tracheal aspirate cytology: classification during respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - Cytopathologic examinations of tracheobronchial aspirates from 108 infants sampled during mechanical ventilation demonstrated a well-defined progression of cytologic changes in bronchial cells that could be divided into three classes. Seventy percent of infants with respiratory distress syndrome who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia had pulmonary effluent cytology designated Class III; no infants with RDS but without BPD had these cytologic findings. Additionally, a temporal progression of events involving polymorphonuclear leukocyte and macrophage populations occurred in the absence of infection; these events were associated with duration of assisted ventilation and oxygen exposure. The technique described provides a useful way to monitor the progression of lung injury and repair and offers a cytologic method to predict and diagnose the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 7229803 TI - The structural basis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn infant. AB - Six neonates of 35 to 42 weeks' gestation had findings of persistent pulmonary hypertension and died between one and 6 days of age despite intensive medical therapy. Each patient had pulmonary artery pressure near or above systemic level, with a right-to-left shunt via the foramen ovale and/or ductus arteriosus. At postmortem, morphometric analysis of the peripheral pulmonary vascular bed revealed extension of muscle into small arteries, which was severe in five of six patients; all alveolar duct and wall arteries (less than 30 micrometers external diameter), normally nonmuscular, were fully muscularized. In these five patients medial wall thickness of the normally muscular intra-acinar arteries was doubled; arterial size and number, however, were normal in all. This striking structural maldevelopment of the peripheral pulmonary arterial bed occurred or was initiated in utero and does not merely represent a failure of the fetal pattern to regress. We suggest that this particular group of patients remained refractory to all current modes of therapy because of these severe structural pulmonary vascular changes. PMID- 7229804 TI - Pneumoperitoneum in the ventilated neonate: respiratory or gastrointestinal origin? PMID- 7229805 TI - Measurement of intracranial pressure using the Ladd intracranial pressure monitor. PMID- 7229806 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infections in female adolescents. AB - To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infection in an urban adolescent population, 100 sexually active female adolescents were screened with endocervical cultures for Chlamydia, in addition to bacterial cultures, Gram stains, wet mounts, and Papanicolau smears. C. trachomatis was isolated from 22% of these patients. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from only 3% of this population. No historical or clinical features were specific to those with positive chlamydial cultures, although cervical inflammations was noted more frequently. Treatment with tetracycline or erythromycin produced bacteriologic cure in 95% of culture-positive patients. PMID- 7229807 TI - Abnormal cervical cytology in adolescents. PMID- 7229808 TI - The effect of aspirin on dysmenorrhea in adolescents. PMID- 7229809 TI - Characterization of basal estrogen and androgen levels and gonadotropin release patterns in the obese adolescent female. PMID- 7229810 TI - Influence of routine extraction procedures in the composition of Trichinella spiralis extracts. PMID- 7229811 TI - Anthelmintic effects of oxibendazole on Brugia pahangi. PMID- 7229813 TI - A monophasic liquid medium (GD-NRC) for the cultivation of Leishmania donovani. PMID- 7229812 TI - The repellent effect of gastric contents from uninfected calves for sheathed and exsheathed larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi. PMID- 7229814 TI - Efficacy of four anthelmintics in Trichostrongylus axei or T. colubriformis infections in the gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. PMID- 7229815 TI - Observation on the saliva and salivary gland extract of Haemaphysalis spinigera and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sanguineus. AB - Intracutaneous injection of histamine acid phosphate (HAP) and salivary gland extract (SGE) of Haemaphysalis spinigera and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sanguineus into sensitized and nonsensitized rabbits previously injected intravenously with Evans blue indicated that the ticks' saliva contained a pharmacodynamic substance in addition to having antigenic properties. A primary skin reaction in nonsensitized rabbits produced by this pharmacodynamic substance within 30 min was amplified by a more extensive skin reaction in sensitized rabbits. It was postulated that, in concert with this pharmacodynamic component of the ticks' saliva, a histamine-blocking agent detected in the salivary gland of R. s. sanguineus would provide an efficient mechanism for regulating the quantity of tissue fluid available for the engorging tick, while simultaneously neutralizing the deleterious effects of excess pharmacodynamic substance in the host's tissues. PMID- 7229816 TI - Effects of hycanthone and praziquantel on monoamine oxidase and cholinesterases in Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The effects of hycanthone and praziquantel on the activities of monoamine oxidases and cholinesterases were studied in the 600-g supernatant from homogenates of Schistosoma mansoni and mouse liver or brain. Hycanthone was shown to be a very potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidases from worms and mouse liver. Hycanthone also inhibited the specific and nonspecific cholinesterases of S. mansoni, but cholinesterase from mouse brain was not affected significantly by this drug. Praziquantel showed no effect on monoamine oxidase from mouse liver or the parasite; however, it was slightly inhibitory to S. mansoni cholinesterases at very high concentrations. Mouse brain cholinesterase required an even higher concentration of praziquantel to observe inhibition. The inhibition of monoamine oxidase in S. mansoni by hycanthone adds a new mode of action to our knowledge of this compound, and suggests another possibility for the development of future anthelminthics. PMID- 7229817 TI - Transintegumental glucose uptake in Schistosomatium douthitti. AB - The double internal standard isotope method (utilizing both a highly diffusible [H3 water] and a nondiffusible reference isotope [113m-indium bound to ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid]) was applied in studies of C14 glucose uptake in the rodent blood fluke. Schistosomatium douthitti. Uptake of C14-L-glucose was minimal and occurred by a diffusional mechanism alone. Transintegumental uptake of the stereoisomer C14-D-glucose, corrected for passive adsorption of the solute on the external tegumental surface, occurred by a saturable, carrier-mediated mechanism. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that glucose uptake was best described by a carrier system plus a diffusional component. Estimates were derived in male worms for the half-saturation constant (Km - 1.7 +/- 1.0 mM), maximal velocity (Vmax = 10.4 +/- 1.7 nmol.min-1.mg wet wt-1) and diffusional component (Kd = 0.57 microliters.min-1.mg wet wt-1). In females, these measurements (Km = 1.8 +/- 1.4 mM; Vmax = 11.3 +/- 2.2 nmol.min-1.mg wet wt-1; and Kd = 0.60 microliters.min 1.mg wet wt-1) were similar. These parameters were compared with estimates from mammalian tissues, and differences were attributed tentatively to the greater surface area-to-volume ratio of the schistosome. PMID- 7229818 TI - Somatic chromosomes of Schistosoma rodhaini, S. mattheei, and S. intercalatum. AB - Karyotypes are reported for three African schistosomes: Schistosoma rodhaini, S. intercalatum, and S. mattheei. All have eight pairs (2n = 16) of chromosomes which comprise three distinct size groups: A, large (two pairs); B, medium (three pairs); and C, small (three pairs). Chromosomes of groups A and B are subtelocentric; those of C are more metacentric or submetacentric. These karyotypes prepared with conventional Giemsa staining are very similar to each other and to those of S. mansoni and S. haematobium. As a group, the African schistosomes studied to date exhibit clear differences in chromosome morphology from the Asian S. japonicum and S. mekongi. PMID- 7229819 TI - Descriptive statistics of swimming behavior of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia in artificial pond water. AB - Timed-exposure, dark-field photography was used to characterize the swimming behavior of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia in artificial pond water. Histograms and descriptive statistics were determined for helical swimming amplitude and wavelength, linear speed, turning frequency, and turning angle. Turning frequency could not be distinguished from a Poisson distribution so that turning appeared to occur randomly. Amplitude and wavelength showed no correlation. Faster miracidia exhibited less helical pattern while swimming. The effects of vertical movement of miracidia and of miracidial concentration were determined to be minimal. PMID- 7229820 TI - Isolation and purification of Giardia trophozoites from rat intestine. AB - A method for the isolation of Giardia trophozoites based on their ability to attach to warm surfaces has been developed. Mucosal scrapings were obtained from the small intestine of rats infected with Giardia and suspended in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS). Trophozoites were concentrated by centrifugation and allowed to attach to the surfaces of polystyrene petri dishes incubated at 37 C. Incubation temperature significantly affected the recovery of trophozoites. After attachment at 37 C, trophozoites were separated from contaminating intestinal debris by incubation at cold temperature. The trophozoites detach at 4 C, whereas the intestinal debris remain adherent. Then the detached trophozoites were isolated by reattachment at 37 C. Examination by scanning electron microscopy revealed a marked reduction in contamination of attached trophozoites and dish surfaces after the use of cold temperature detachment and reattachment at 37 C. Viability of trophozoites as measured by erythrosin-B dye exclusion, remained above 90% up to 120 min after isolation. This method of isolation facilitates the recovery of this protozoan directly from small intestine for morphological and experimental study. PMID- 7229821 TI - Physiological basis of Eimeria tenella-induced mortality in individual chickens. AB - Chickens dying from Eimeria tenella infection revealed four major physiological stresses before death: (1) hypothermia, (2) depletion of carbohydrate stores, (3) metabolic acidosis, and (4) renal tubule-cell dysfunction. These stresses were less pronounced in chickens surviving the infection. Similar stresses could not be demonstrated in pair-feeding trials, in which uninfected chickens were fed only the amount consumed by infected chickens. Prolonged starvation of uninfected chickens only slightly altered the indicators used in assessing the stresses. The variability of previously reported plasma glucose values, in part, may be due to whether the birds tested were those on the verge of death or those that, ultimately, would survive the infection. PMID- 7229822 TI - The seasonal activity of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann 1901 (Acarina: Ixodidae) in the highveld of Zimbabwe Rhodesia. AB - Rhipicephalus appendiculatus passes through one generation per annum in the highveld of Zimbabwe, Rhodesia and shows a well-defined pattern of seasonal activity. Peak adult activity occurs in the rainy season, whereas peak larval and nymphal activity occurs in the dry season. Adult activity is regulated by the combined influences of temperature, humidity, and day length. Climatic factors have little or no direct influence on the activity of larvae and nymphs. The occurrence of the larval and nymphal activity peaks is determined by the timing of the adult activity peak and the duration of the preceeding developmental periods, which are temperature dependent. In the early rainy season, unfed adults climb to the tips of the grass and enter a period of quiescence prior to becoming active. PMID- 7229823 TI - Spectral model of leishmaniasis in congenic strains of mice. AB - Nineteen congenic, resistant strains of mice on C57BL/10ScSn genetic background were infected with Leishmania donovani and the course of infection quantitated. Early in the infection, parasite burdens in the liver were similar for all strains, indicating that the parasite was able to establish, grow, and reproduce in the liver macrophages of each strain with equal facility. Differences in acquired resistance, indicated by decreases in parasite burden, among the strains were first noted at day 21 and became distinct by day 35 postinfection. The extremes were represented by B10.129(10M) mice in which the parasite burden continued to increase at day 35, and B10.LP-H-3b in which only 10% of the peak parasite population remained at this time. The other strains formed a complete continuum between the two extremes. Differences in hepatic pathology were noted among strains, but the severity was not related directly to the strength of the immune response as indicated by reduction in parasite burden; instead, it was more correlated with spleen-to-body weight ratios. Because of the range of responses observed, congenic strains of mice may be of use not only for immunization and chemotherapy studies of leishmaniasis, but also may yield fundamental information on spectral diseases in general. PMID- 7229824 TI - Life cycle in the laboratory and seasonal activity of the tick Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum (Acarina: Ixodidae). AB - The life cycle of Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum Du Toit was studied under laboratory conditions at 26 C +/- 1C. The preoviposition period was 6.0 +/- 0.12 days. The mean number of eggs was 2,044 +/- 186 (maximum 3,053, minimum 748), and the greatest production was recorded on day 3 (234 eggs/female). The incubation period was 37.4 +/- 0.32 days (maximum 41, minimum 35). The feeding time of larvae and nymphs of this two-host tick was 20.2 +/- 0.33 days (16-28). Nymphs producing males weighed less (4.09 +/- 0.07 mg) than those producing females (6.62 +/- 0.08 mg). The combined larval-nymphal feeding time of the former was shorter (19.3 +/- 0.90 days) than that of the latter (20.4 +/- 0.90 days). The molting period of nymphs to adults of both sexes was similar. Engorged females weighed (mean +/- SE) 204.0 +/- 10.75 mg and the feeding time was 7.9 +/- 0.34 days. Spermatogenesis was completed on day 5 after the commencement of feeding, and pairing between males and females and mating occurred subsequently. The adult ticks were active during early summer and were much more prevalent on kudu than on angora goats and cattle. Immature stages were not found during this study. PMID- 7229825 TI - A convective diffusion model for estimating drug loss to tubing: sorption of vitamin A. PMID- 7229826 TI - Microfractures in parenteral glass ampuls. PMID- 7229827 TI - Automated particulate detection for ampuls with use of the probabilistic particulate detection model. PMID- 7229828 TI - Depyrogenation of a parenteral solution by ultrafiltration. PMID- 7229829 TI - Certain imprecisions in the bubble point measurement. PMID- 7229830 TI - Prefilters/final filters: a matter of particle/pore size-distributions. PMID- 7229831 TI - Design considerations for development of steam in-place sterilization processes. PMID- 7229832 TI - Production of high quality steam utilized in the LVP sterilization process. PMID- 7229833 TI - Technical processes in the production of water for injection. PMID- 7229834 TI - FDA's medical device standards policy. PMID- 7229835 TI - Preparation and use of drug master files in the pharmaceutical industry. PMID- 7229836 TI - Sterile vent filter function test. PMID- 7229837 TI - What FDA is doing about multivitamins and trace elements for parenteral use. PMID- 7229838 TI - Bacillus stearothermophilus spore suspensions: effect of storage conditions and time on viability and moist heat resistance. PMID- 7229839 TI - Pseudocysts of the pancreas after blunt abdominal trauma in children. AB - Of 6 children with posttraumatic pancreatic pseudocyst, 5 had been transferred from other hospitals. Three of the 5 had undergone laparotomy but in only 1 had the pancreatic injury been noted. All 5 had elevated serum amylase activity on admission here, but in only 2 had this been measured in the referring hospital. Three were seriously ill at the time of transfer, and all 6 patients required prolonged hospitalization (1.3--5.5 mo). The lesion resolved spontaneously in 1, and was drained externally in 3 and by cystogastrostomy alone i 1. One child required multiple surgical procedures, terminating in subtotal pancreatectomy. The seriousness of this lesion demands constant alertness to the possibility of pancreatic pseudocysts in children who have suffered upper abdominal trauma, however minor. PMID- 7229840 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) in biliary atresia with special reference to the structure of the intrahepatic bile ducts. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) was carried out in 30 cases of biliary atresia, 19 prior to surgery, and 11 following hepatic portoenterostomy. The intrahepatic biliary system was demonstrated in 47% of the patients prior to surgery and in all cases following surgery. Two distinct patterns of intrahepatic bile ducts were noted. The first shows changes similar to those noted by intrahepatic cholangiography in patients with choledochal cyst, as in type A. The second pattern shows collections of numerous narrow proliferated bile ducts that constitute the ducts within and outside the liver as in type B. In patients with recurrent ascending cholangitis or symptoms suggestive of stenosis of the hepatointestinal anastomosis following Kasai-type operations for biliary atresia, PTC is useful in determining the structure of the hepatobiliary ductal system prior to reexploration procedures. PMID- 7229841 TI - Combined esophageal and duodenal atresia: experience of 18 patients. AB - An analysis of 18 infants with combined esophageal and duodenal atresia is presented. A total of 50 other associated anomalies were identified in the 18 infants. These predominantly involved the genitourinary (11), cardiac (9), anorectal (8), and gastrointestinal (8) systems. There were 6 early survivors (33% survival rate), 1 of whom died later from an unrelated cause. It is suggested that in an otherwise health infant the primary approach should be towards the esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. A wide gastrostomy is mandatory. Repair of the duodenal obstruction may safely be postponed for a few days. In the absence of an associated tracheoesophageal fistula, a primary duodenoduodenostomy and gastrostomy with a transanastomotic feeding tube is the approach of choice. PMID- 7229842 TI - Recurrent diaphragmatic hernia. AB - There are 109 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia reviewed. There were 58 survivors in this group. There were 13 recurrences among these 58 cases, an incidence of 22.4%. One can recognize minor and major recurrences. Minor recurrences are usually stable and nonprogressive and, in general, do not require further surgery. The technique of intercostal flap repair of recurrent diaphragmatic hernia is described. This technique has been used in five cases of recurrent diaphragmatic hernia and has proved satisfactory in every instance. It is recommended as the technique of choice in most cases of recurrent diaphragmatic hernia. PMID- 7229843 TI - Appendix mass in the very young child. AB - During the first 3 yr of life 54 (34%) of the 158 patients presenting with appendicitis had an appendix mass at the time the diagnosis was made. In 19 the mass was discovered on clinical examination and in 35 on examination under anesthesia. Complication rate was markedly reduced and hospitals stay shortened if the appendix mass was managed non operatively. PMID- 7229844 TI - Technique for continuous sampling of peritoneal fluid for prediction of intestinal gangrene. AB - The challenge presented to the surgeon by infants with NEC is to time an operation to coincide with the finite interval between infarction of gut and perforation. This study describes a new technique for continuous monitoring of peritoneal fluid in a rabbit model of intestinal ischemia to aid in predicting this interval. Color change to brown appears to be a reliable indicator of infarction. A sudden dramatic rise in the WBC of this fluid may also be an easily obtained, useful parameter. Further clinical studies of this method seem warranted to help improve the still dismal outcome of this disease. PMID- 7229845 TI - Treatment of uncomplicated meconium ileus via T-tube ileostomy. AB - There are many treatment modalities for uncomplicated meconium ileus. However, for neonates with intestinal obstruction unrelieved by nonoperative measures we advocate T-tube ileostomy with postoperative irrigation of the intestine utilizing pancreatic enzyme. Our series includes 11 infants with uncomplicated meconium ileus who underwent T-tube ileostomy 24--96 hr after birth. Of the 7 females and 4 males only 2 infants failed to pass meconium. One infant required reexploration for persistent obstruction and 1 infant, the only death encountered, had overwhelming pulmonary infection and intracranial hemorrhage. The remaining 9 infants passed meconium between the 1st and 11th postop days. The T-tube was removed by pulling it out between the 10th and the 14th postop day with the T-tube tract closing spontaneously in all patients. Our experience with T-tube ileostomy suggests that resection of dilated but viable ileum is not necessary for prompt intestinal function in the neonate. With the use of pancreatic enzyme irrigation, the tenacious meconium in these patients can be rapidly liquified and expelled per rectum or T-tube and the necessity of mechanical removal during the operative procedure avoided. PMID- 7229846 TI - Antiperistaltic colonic interposition following massive small bowel resection in rats. AB - The effects of interposing an antiperistaltic segment of colon between the jejunum and ileum after massive small bowel resection have been evaluated in rats. The intestinal transit time was prolonged, but fatal intestinal obstruction occurred in 2 of 12 rats. Albumin absorption was improved, but not triolein absorption, and the mean body weight 20 wk after resection was below that of rats subjected to massive resection alone. Morphological changes due to adaptation and intestinal obstruction were found after antiperistaltic colonic interposition. Antiperistaltic colonic interposition delays intestinal transit after massive small bowel resection in rats, but the effects are unpredictable, and may be detrimental. PMID- 7229847 TI - Successful surgical repair of iatrogenic lung perforation in a neonate. AB - Iatrogenic lung perforation during closed tube thoracostomy for pneumothorax in neonates apparently occurs with disturbing frequency. This potentially lethal complication may be minimized by strict adherence to proper technique. In addition, an added margin of safety may be established by allowing some air to remain in the pleural space prior to placement of a chest tube. If iatrogenic perforation of the lung occurs despite appropriate precautions, surgical intervention may be indicated. PMID- 7229848 TI - Traumatic aortic aneurysm in a child. AB - The clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation of a 2-yr-old boy with traumatic aortic aneurysm and aortic regurgitation is presented. Traumatic aortic aneurysms are extremely rare in childhood. To our knowledge this is the youngest reported patient with such pathology. PMID- 7229849 TI - Pneumopericardium in a newborn. PMID- 7229850 TI - Childhood breast carcinoma: report of a case. AB - A case of carcinoma of the breast in a child of seven is reported. This is a rare condition that behaves differently compared to the adult type. Because of this, a less radical approach is usually indicated. PMID- 7229851 TI - Pancreaticojejunostomy for fulminating pancreatitis and pancreatic ascites in a Jehovah's Witness. AB - Pancreatitis is generally restricted to adults, most often caused or aggravated by alcoholism or biliary tract disorders, and rarely develops in children. When the diagnosis is made, the patient usually can be treated medically; however, the disease often has nonspecific early symptoms and is not discovered until potentially fatal complications have ensued. We present an unusual case of severe posttraumatic pancreatic ascites in an anemic 3-yr-old child whose parents were of the Jehovah's Witness faith. She underwent successful surgical treatment involving distal pancreaticojejunostomy with preservation of the spleen. PMID- 7229852 TI - Use of cimetidine in esophageal atresia with lower tracheoesophageal fistula. AB - Pneumonia, in infants suffering from esophageal atresia with lower esophageal fistula, is usually caused by gastric reflux through the fistula, In order to abolish the acidity of the gastric content, Cimetidine i.v. infusion was used during the first 12--48 hr after diagnosis, while treating the pneumonia. The amount of Cimetidine required to induce achlorhydria was established by serial aspiration of gastric content, in infants and children with gastrostomies performed for various causes. PMID- 7229853 TI - Peutz-Jeghers polyps causing colocolic intussusception in infancy. PMID- 7229854 TI - Fatal postoperative acute appendicitis in a neonate with congenital heart disease. AB - Acute appendicitis with perforation is almost unknown in the first week of life. We present a 7-day-old male infant with the hypoplastic right heart syndrome and clinically unsuspected acute appendicitis who died 7 days after the successful creation of a Waterston shunt. PMID- 7229855 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid colon in a 10-yr-old child. AB - The authors describe a case of adenocarcinoma of the rectum in a 10-yr-old boy. The clinical picture, the surgical technique, and the histology are described, an reference is made to the small number of similar cases appearing in the world literature. PMID- 7229856 TI - Persistence of fetal circulation in the newborn. PMID- 7229857 TI - Monitoring of fetal systolic time intervals as a parameter of hemodynamic changes in the fetal cardiovascular system sub partu. PMID- 7229858 TI - The effect of fenoterol on maternal and fetal tcPO2 and heart rate. PMID- 7229859 TI - Computerized analysis of CTG and intrauterine measured tcpO2 of the fetus. PMID- 7229860 TI - Use of tcPO2 for evaluation of right to left shunts in patent ductus arteriosus. PMID- 7229861 TI - Comparison of fetal heart rate patterns and acid-base balance between early and late rupture of the membranes. PMID- 7229862 TI - A new device for non-invasive measurements of intracranial pressure (ICP) in newborns. PMID- 7229863 TI - Differences of fetal heart rate patterns between cephalic and breech presentation in induced labor. PMID- 7229864 TI - Alterations of the fetal EEG under the influence of labour, hypoxia and analgetics. PMID- 7229865 TI - Comparison of hypoxanthine and lactate as indicators of hypoxia in man. PMID- 7229866 TI - Analysis of placental structures by ultrasound in normal and complicated pregnancies. PMID- 7229867 TI - The clinical prediction of premature labour by self-observation of uterine contractility and external tocography. PMID- 7229868 TI - Objective recording of fetal movements in late pregnancy. PMID- 7229869 TI - A new way for the paraplacental supply of substances to the fetus. PMID- 7229870 TI - The role of skin and its appendages in the assessment of the newborns maturity. PMID- 7229871 TI - Fetal breathing and body movement in relation to maternal meals in normal and insulin-dependent pregnancies. PMID- 7229872 TI - A multiphasic prenatal program to improve the pregnancy outcome in high risk patients in a United States city. PMID- 7229873 TI - Behavioral states in the fetus near term. PMID- 7229874 TI - Survivors of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). PMID- 7229875 TI - Clinical application of neonatal instantaneous heart rate monitoring (Part one: neonatal instantaneous heart rate response to apnea). PMID- 7229876 TI - Clinical application of neonatal instantaneous heart rate monitoring (Part two: asphyxia and variability of instantaneous heart rate). PMID- 7229877 TI - Continuous monitoring of tissue pH in the neonate. A collaborative study. PMID- 7229878 TI - Placental blood flow and epidural analgesia during labour in hypertensive pregnancies. PMID- 7229879 TI - Coagulation tests during exchange transfusions. PMID- 7229880 TI - Ethanol gelation test in disseminated intravascular coagulation of new-borns. PMID- 7229881 TI - Parameters measured and calculated within the fetal cardiac cycle. PMID- 7229882 TI - Effect of perinatal and neonatal regionalization. PMID- 7229883 TI - Sonar in early pregnancy. PMID- 7229884 TI - Estimation of fetal age by means of ultrasound. PMID- 7229885 TI - Progress in perinatal medicine. 1st International Berlin Meeting. Opening remarks. PMID- 7229886 TI - Biometry in the third trimester. PMID- 7229887 TI - Antibiotic concentrations in the mother and the fetus. PMID- 7229888 TI - Vaginal infection therapy after premature rupture of the membranes. PMID- 7229889 TI - Anaerobic flora with premature rupture of membranes. PMID- 7229890 TI - Maternal risk from local and regional obstetric anesthesia. PMID- 7229891 TI - Effects on the infant of obstetric regional analgesia. AB - We found no differences between the analgesia and control groups in the Apgar score, blood gases, acid-base status or lactate, nor in the neonatal neurology or psychomotor development at 18 months. On the other hand certain deviations in blood chemistry and some physiological variables were noted. These deviations in certain infants whose mothers had received nerve blockade during labour were most likely not caused by toxic effects of the anaesthetic drug but secondary to changes in the course of labour due to the nerve blockade. These effects have not been found to be associated with harmful longterm consequences to the infants of our study, but the findings illustrate how sensitive the foetus and the newborn infant are to altered environmental conditions. The observed effects must of course be confirmed by other investigations, and the mechanisms must be clarified in greater detail. Special attention should be paid to the increased incidence of hypo- and hyperglycemia. The fact that we did not observe any deviations in the psychomotor development at 18 months' does not, of course, mean that teses might not be found in a material with a different composition from ours. PMID- 7229892 TI - Risks to the infant relating to techniques of local anesthesia. PMID- 7229893 TI - The bearing-down efforts and their effects on fetal heart rate, oxygenation and acid base balance. PMID- 7229894 TI - Umbilical circulation--physiology and pathology. AB - 1. The umbilical circulation under physiological conditions is protected by the amniotic fluid. This protective mechanism of the amniotic fluid may be disturbed artificially or spontaneously by the rupture of the membranes. 2. Umbilical cord compression is of no harm to the fetus when it is mild, since the fetus possesses a circulatory buffer system when umbilical blood flow is in a physiological range. However, severe reduction of umbilical blood flow may lead to fetal hypoxia. 3. Chronic or repetitive acute fetal hypoxia leads to deterioration of fetal circulation and umbilical blood flow. This can be recognized by the obstetrician during labor based on fetal heart rate patterns. PMID- 7229895 TI - Ultrasonography of the placenta. PMID- 7229896 TI - Incidence and clinical significance of severe maternal acidosis. Its influence on the fetal acid-base balance. PMID- 7229897 TI - Pathophysiology of intracranial haemorrhage in the newborn. PMID- 7229899 TI - Advantages and disadvantages of oxytocin during labour. PMID- 7229900 TI - [Study of polymorphous transformations of sulfanilamide during table manufacture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229898 TI - Effects of prostaglandins and inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis in the fetus and newborn infant. PMID- 7229901 TI - Anticonvulsant potency of two deuterated analogues of phenytoin: "DPH-pd and DPH d5". PMID- 7229902 TI - [Bioavailability study of 10184 CERM (author's transl)]. PMID- 7229903 TI - An examination of the role played by meaning of feedback and attention to feedback in the "Valins effect". AB - This study assesses the role played by the variables of meaning and attention in mediating the cognitive effects of false autonomic feedback, first reported by Valins. In the context of a study of the physiological correlates of selective attention, subjects were instructed either to attend or to ignore pulsed sounds that were described either as veridical heart rate feedback or simply as electronic "bleeps." These auditory stimuli were presented in parallel with slides illustrating skin diseases. Consistent with previous findings, slides associated with acceleration of the pulsed sounds were subsequently rated as significantly more unpleasant than those associated with no change in the speed of these sounds. However, this effect was not contingent on the apparent meaning of these sounds (heart rate vs bleeps) but was contingent on the degree of attention paid to the sounds. The "Valins effect" was only obtained when subjected attended to the sounds. The implications of these findings for the interpretation of the cognitive effects of false autonomic feedback are discussed. PMID- 7229904 TI - Hypnotic susceptibility as related to gestalt closure tasks. AB - The investigation was concerned primarily with the relationship of gestalt closure tasks to hypnotizability on a test of the hypothesis that the more highly hypnotizable do better on a task of holistic visuospatial functioning than those less responsive to hypnosis. Several other cognitive tasks were included: visualization, disembedding of hidden figures, and syllogistic reasoning. Sex differences were inconsistent in the four studies reported. In Study 1 (22 male and 20 female university students), high hypnotizables scored significantly higher than low hypnotizables on the gestalt closure tasks, but there were no significant correlations between hypnotizability and the other cognitive tasks. In Study 2 (25 male and 25 female university students) and Study 3 (41 male and 37 female university students), females showed significant correlations between hypnotic susceptibility and gestalt closure scores. In Study 4 (37 male and 27 female high school students), a significant correlation between hypnotic susceptibility and gestalt closure was found for males. The results are consistent with studies of different types of cognitive functioning (hemispheric preference, creativity, attentional distribution, imaginative involvement, and absorption), all indicating differences in cognitive abilities associated with high hypnotizability. PMID- 7229905 TI - Oral imagery and autonomic arousal in social isolation. AB - Psychoanalytic theory suggests that the presence of others reduces anxiety in those with oral-dependent needs. Electrodermal activity of male subjects high and low on Rorschach oral-dependent responses was monitored in one of three conditions while the subject was in a soundproof chamber for 40 minutes: alone with no task; alone working on a clerical task; and together with a male confederate, both working independently on the clerical task. Oral-dependent subjects placed in the chamber with the confederate showed fewer electrodermal increase over time than orals sitting alone or nonorals either alone or with the confederate (p less than .001). On the clerical task there was a strong main effect of orality, with nonorals showing more accuracy than orals (p less than .03). PMID- 7229906 TI - Seven MMPI alcohol and drug abuse scales: an empirical investigation of their interrelationships, convergent and discriminant validity, and degree of racial bias. AB - This study investigated the interrelationships, convergent and discriminant validity, and magnitude of racial differences on five Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) alcohol scales and two drug scales with youthful samples (mean age = 22.3 years) of heavy and moderate alcohol users, heavy and moderate drug users, and non-psychoactive-substance-using inmates at a federal correctional institution (n = 1,048). Five scales showed some degree of convergent or discriminant validity. Racial differences were observed on five scales with blacks scoring lower on all these scales except one. PMID- 7229907 TI - Pitfalls and valid approaches to pharmacokinetic analysis of mean concentration data following intravenous administration. AB - Pharmacokinetic analysis fo arithmetic mean concentration data can lead us to selection of an inappropriate deterministic compartmental model and biased pharmacokinetic parameter estimates. The terminal phase disposition rate constant estimated by fitting a deterministic model to mean data is in all cases an underestimate of the expected value of this rate constant. The area under the mean data curve calculated via the linear trapezoidal rule from time zero to the last detectable concentration sampling point is equal to the mean of the individual subject areas under the curve for the same time span. This equality supports the use of mean data for determination of model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters. PMID- 7229908 TI - Evaluation of methods for estimating population pharmacokinetics parameters. I. Michaelis-Menten model: routine clinical pharmacokinetic data. AB - Individual pharmacokinetic par parameters quantify the pharmacokinetics of an individual, while population pharmacokinetic parameters quantify population mean kinetics, interindividual variability, and residual intraindividual variability plus measurement error. Individual pharmacokinetics are estimated by fitting individual data to a pharmacokinetic model. Population pharmacokinetic parameters are estimated either by fitting all individual's data together as though there was no individual kinetic differences (the naive pooled data approach), or by fitting each individual's data separately, and then combining the individual parameter estimates (the two-stage approach). A third approach, NONMEM, takes a middle course between these, and avoids shortcomings of each of them. A data set consisting of 124 steady-state phenytoin concentration-dosage pairs from 49 patients, obtained in the routine course of their therapy, was analyzed by each method. The resulting population parameter estimates differ considerably (population mean Km, for example, is estimated as 1.57, 5.36, and 4.44 micrograms/ml by the naive pooled data, two-stage, and NONMEN approaches, respectively). Simulations of the data were analyzed to investigate these differences. The simulations indicate that the pooled data approach fails to estimate variabilities and produces imprecise estimates of mean kinetics. The two stage approach produces good estimates of mean kinetics, but biased and imprecise estimates of interindividual variability. NONMEN produces accurate and precise estimates of all parameters, and also reasonable confidence intervals for them. This performance is exactly what is expected from theoretical considerations and provides empirical support for the use of NONMEM when estimating population pharmacokinetics from routine type patient data. PMID- 7229909 TI - The effect of infusion time on the time course of drug concentration in blood. AB - We have studied by digital computer stimulation the relationship among the rate of intravenous infusion of the dose of a drug, the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug, the maximum blood drug concentration achieved (Cmax) and the interval (TEff) during which the blood concentration of the drug is maintained above a selected minimum effective concentration (CEff) for the case of single dose administration of a drug with monoexponential pharmacokinetics. It was found that increasing the time during which the dose of the drug is infused results in a much smaller decrease in the maximum blood concentration attained. TEff, was found to be a fraction of the ratios infusion time/drug elimination half-life and zero-time intercept (Co)/CEff. The stimulations showed that TEff varies nonlinearly with increasing infusion time. However, the nature of the relationship between TEff and infusion time depends very much on the value of Co/CEff. At low values of Co/CEff, TEff decreased almost linearly with increasing infusion time, but at higher values of Co/CEff, TEff increased for a time with increasing infusion time. From these simulations, it should be possible to predict whether therapeutically effective blood concentrations of a drug may be achieved with the use of a slower infusion in situations where clinical considerations necessitate that the infusion time of the dose be increased. PMID- 7229910 TI - In vitro binding of 14C-labeled acidic compounds to serum albumin and their tissue distribution in the rat. AB - The acidic compounds, such as phenoxyacetic acids, substituted benzoic acids, or acetylsalicylic acid, were found to bind to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Among phenoxyacetic acids, the binding affinity to BSA was highest for 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), which was approximately 4-, 24-, and 160 fold greater than those for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), o chlorophenoxyacetic acid (CPA), and phenoxyacetic acid (PAA), respectively. There were two bound to serum albumins of other mammalian species. The binding affinity varied among species and also depended on the chemicals. However, the order of binding affinity in the albumin of each species remained the same as observed in BSA with few exceptions. Blood/tissue ratios of 14C from rats dosed with these 14C-labeled acids were highly correlated with the logarithm of the binding affinity constantsaffinity constants. PMID- 7229911 TI - Controlled release of tetracycline--III: A physiological pharmacokinetic model of the pregnant rat. AB - A controlled tetracycline delivery device, consisting of a membrane enclosed trilaminate disc fabricated from a series of 2 hydroxyethylmethacrylate/methylmethacrylate copolymers, demonstrated the ability to deliver tetracycline at zero-order rates in vitro and in vivo in rats and was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of tetracycline in the pregnant rat. The trilaminate discs containing tetracycline were implanted in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats on the eighth day of gestation. The animals were sacrificed on days 19, 20, and 21 of gestation in order to measure the distribution of the controlled release tetracycline in the maternal, fetal, and placental tissues. Constant plasma tetracycline levels were attained in both the maternal and fetal circulations after 4 to 5 days postimplantation of the trilaminate discs. Placental transfer of tetracycline appeared rapid and no partitioning of the drug was observed between the maternal and fetal soft tissue (liver, kidney, G.I. tract, muscle, placenta) as measured over the last 3 to 4 days of the animal's gestational period. Highest tetracycline concentrations were determined in the fetal bone samples. In addition, some accumulation of the drug occurred in the amniotic fluid. A flow-limited pharmacokinetic model was constructed to simulate the distribution of tetracycline, delivered at a constant rate from the trilaminate device, in the pregnant rats. Predictions of fetal growth and maternal and fetal tissue tetracycline concentrations were in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The ability of these copolymer systems to deliver tetracycline at zero-order rates over extended periods offers numerous potential therapeutic and investigational applications, especially where such drug delivery characteristics are beneficial to the elucidation of physiological rate mechanisms, as in the pregnant animal. PMID- 7229912 TI - Concentration profile for the dissolution of drug tablets undergoing simultaneous degradation. AB - An empirical approach to the concentration-time history of a dissolving drug has resulted in a cube-root equation in which the characteristic constant of the equation embodies the important physical variables of the system. This expression has been used to study the dissolution of a drug that degrades simultaneously in the test solution. An alternative representation of the dissolution process is first-order kinetics. These two approaches are compared by fitting the experimental data of the dissolution of digoxin and melphalan tablets in various media, and a new method for the proper analysis of data for the dissolution of tablets that simultaneously degrade in the test solution is presented. PMID- 7229913 TI - Identifiable pharmacokinetic models: the role of extra inputs and measurements. AB - Single input, single output experiments can result in nonunique solutions for the rate constants to a linear compartmental model used to describe the pharmacokinetics. Where a finite number of solutions exists, a priori knowledge has to be used to distinguish between the solutions. Where there is a infinite number of solutions, assumptions have to be made about the values of some rate constants in order to obtained a unique solution for the other. This paper considers such experiments and determines whether either the addition of an extra input (simultaneously with the first input) or the taking of an extra measurement would result in a unique solution. It is found that perturbing a second input can be useful, but only if the perturbation is of different shape from the first input. Measurements of drug in urine and metabolite in plasma are generally not helpful in resolving identifiability of the drug dynamic model. If a radioactive tracer is used, through, the second measurement (for example, by externally scanning the radioactivity of the liver) can prove useful, but only if the gain of the measuring device is known. PMID- 7229915 TI - Influence of plasma protein binding kinetics on hepatic clearance assessed from a "tube" model and a "well-stirred" model. AB - The potential influence of protein binding kinetics on elimination from liver sinusoids was evaluated by means of a "well-stirred" model (I) and a "tube" model (II). When the dissociation rate constant (k-1) is at the estimated maximum, equilibrium is maintained during the passage of drug through the eliminating organ, and hence dissociation as such has no limiting effect on elimination. When, however, k-1 is at the estimated minimum, equilibrium is not maintained, the unbound fraction is reduced during the passage, and a significant decrease in the extraction ratio occurs when the unbound fraction is 0.01 or less. The models were furthermore used to investigate the effect of saturation, of both the binding protein and the elimination process, on elimination. PMID- 7229914 TI - Effect of smoking on prednisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone pharmacokinetics. AB - The pharmacokinetics of oral prednisone and oral dexamethasone were examined in 18 healthy male adults. Eight subjects also received intravenous prednisolone and intravenous dexamethasone. Half of each group were cigarette smokers as confirmed by plasma thiocyanate concentrations. Plasma and urine concentrations of prednisone and prednisolone were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography, while plasma dexamethasone was measured by radioimmunoassay. There were no statistically significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers in the systemic availability of prednisolone (75 versus 84%), oral dose clearance of prednisone (29 verus 27 ml/min/kg), systemic prednisolone clearance (2.8 versus 2.9 ml/min/kg), or in the interconversion rates, volumes of distribution, or urinary recoveries of prednisone and prednisolone. Similarly, the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone were unaffected by smoking. A limited correlation (r = 0.55) was found between the high oral dose clearances of prednisone and the lower values of dexamethasone (6.73 and 5.71 ml/min/kg in smokers and nonsmokers). A two- to threefold variability occurred in oral dose clearances of each steroid with partial intrasubject covariance. Unlike the anticonvulsants, which markedly induce corticosteroid metabolism, smoking has no effect on their pharmacokinetics and should not complicate therapy with these drugs. PMID- 7229916 TI - Continuous transepidermal drug collection: basis for use in assessing drug intake and pharmacokinetics. AB - Continuous transepidermal drug collection (CTDC) has been proposed for use in assessing ethanol intake and in monitoring compliance with therapeutic regimens. Exploration of a theoretical basis for use of CTDC in these circumstances and for its use in assessing other aspects of drug disposition kinetics was undertaken. Effects of single and multicompartmental drug disposition models, single dose and multiple dose regimens, with regular and irregular doses and dosing intervals, and zero-order, first-order, and Michaelis-Menten excretion patterns were explored. First-order transepidermal drug transfer was assumed with and without back transfer from the collection device. These analyses suggest that the utility of CTDC is severely restricted when back transfer from the collection device is substantial. With back transfer minimized, CTDC may be a useful tool for assessing amount of drug exposure, compliance with therapeutic regimens, and relative bioavailability, but offers little advantage over discrete sampling of other body fluids in the study of other aspects of drug disposition kinetics. PMID- 7229917 TI - Colorimetric determination of thebaine in Papaver bracteatum. AB - A rapid colorimetric test for the determination of thebaine in dried, extracted Papaver bracteatum is described. The method is based on the development of an orange color formed by the nitroso color reaction for phenols. The absorption peak is near 450 nm. The linear range response is from 0 to 1.0 mg of thebaine. The reproducibility of the method is quite good, making it useful for process evaluation and in a selection program for the cultivation of P. bracteatum for optimum thebaine content. PMID- 7229918 TI - Differential titration of bases in glacial acetic acid. AB - A study of bases in acetic acid and their differential titration was carried out. The overall basicity constants for 20 bases were measured in acetic acid, and the differential titration of five binary mixtures of variable delta pKb values in acetic acid was followed using a glass electrode-modified calomel electrode system. Agreement with literature values was good. A leveling diagram was constructed that indicated that bases stronger than aqueous pKb 10 are leveled to an acetous pKb 5.69, whereas weaker bases are not leveled but instead exhibit their own intrinsic basicity, with the acetous pKb to aqueous pKb values being linearly related (slope 1.18, correlation coefficient 0.962). A minimum acetous delta pKb of four units is required for the satisfactory differential titration of two bases in acetic acid. PMID- 7229919 TI - New direct calculation of K1:1 and K1:2 complexation constants using solubility method. PMID- 7229920 TI - Plasma area method in relative bioavailability evaluation of drugs with changing biological half-lives. PMID- 7229921 TI - Plasma protein binding and urinary excretion of R- and S-epimers of an arylmalonylamino 1-oxacephem. I: In humans. PMID- 7229922 TI - Plasma protein binding and urinary excretion of R- and S-epimers of an arylmalonylamino 1-oxacephem II: In rats. PMID- 7229923 TI - Lowering blood urea nitrogen with amino acid supplementation. PMID- 7229924 TI - Effect of variation of plasma oleic acid concentration on relative concentration of free and protein bound warfarin. PMID- 7229925 TI - Dissolution kinetics of carboxylic acids I: effect of pH under unbuffered conditions. AB - The dissolution behavior of benzoic acid, 2-naphthoic acid, and indomethacin from rotating compressed disks into aqueous solutions of constant ionic strength (mu = 0.5 with potassium chloride) at 25 degrees was investigated. The pH of the bulk aqueous medium was maintained during dissolution by means of a pH-stat apparatus. A model for the initial steady-state dissolution rate of a monoprotic carboxylic acid was derived from Fick's second law of diffusion. This model assumed that diffusion-controlled mass transport and simple, instantaneously established reaction equilibria existed across a postulated diffusion layer. Using previously determined intrinsic solubilities, pKa values, and diffusion coefficients, the model was found to predict the dissolution rates of these acids accurately as a function of the bulk solution pH. Hydroxide ion and water were the only reactive base species present in the bulk solution. The concentration profiles of all of the species across the diffusion layer were generated for a given bulk pH. Furthermore, the model generated values for the pH profile within the microclimate of the diffusion layer and the pH at the solid-solution boundary. PMID- 7229926 TI - Dissolution kinetics of carboxylic acids II: effect of buffers. AB - The dissolution behavior of 2-naphthoic acid from rotating compressed disks into aqueous buffered solutions of constant ionic strength (mu = 0.5 with potassium chloride) at 25 degrees was investigated. A model was developed for the flux of a solid monoprotic carboxylic acid in aqueous buffered solutions as a function of the solution pH and the physicochemical properties of the buffer. The model assumes a diffusion layer-controlled mass transport process and simple, instantaneously established reaction equilibrium between all reactive species (acids and bases) across the diffusion layer. Using intrinsic solubilities, pKa values, and diffusion coefficients, the model accurately predicts the dissolution of 2-naphthoic acid as a function of the bulk solution composition. The concentration profiles of all species across the diffusion layer are generated for each buffer concentration and bulk solution pH, including the pH profile within the microclimate of the diffusion layer and the pH at the solid-solution boundary. PMID- 7229927 TI - Pharmacokinetic analysis by linear system approach I: cimetidine bioavailability and second peak phenomenon. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cimetidine were evaluated using a linear system analysis that was formulated specifically to resolve the second peak in the blood drug concentration profile after oral dosing. The analysis exemplifies a new approach to pharmacokinetic modeling, which appears to be a valuable alternative to linear compartmental or physiological modeling. The formulation of linear system analysis according to a certain interpretation of a pharmacokinetic phenomenon avoids the complexity of conventional modeling, which often obscures the significance of the kinetic parameters. The new approach should result in a more rational analysis of pharmacokinetic phenomena because the less important pharmacokinetic processes are not specifically modeled but are still accounted for in the mathematical treatment. The bioavailability of cimetidine calculated by deconvolution agrees with previous findings. The model proposed to describe the second peak after oral absorption appears to agree well with the data and the hepatic recycling reported for cimetidine. PMID- 7229928 TI - Prediction of stability in pharmaceutical preparations XVIII: application of high pressure liquid chromatographic assays to study of nafronyl stability and bioanalysis. AB - Specific, sensitive, reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic assays of nafronyl (I) and its acidic metabolite and hydrolysis product (II) were developed in aqueous solutions and in biological fluids with sensitivities of 100 ng/ml using butacaine as the internal standard and spectrophotometric detection of 224 nm. Heparinized plasma can be analyzed easily in the organic phase immediately after acetonitrile denaturation. Both I and II can be extracted with haloalkane solvents, and the extracts are evaporated, reconstituted, and assayed in a minimal amount of acetonitrile. Conditions are presented that minimize the interference of II and extracted plasma components. The assay was used to determine the stability of nafronyl in aqueous solutions, to establish its log k pH profiles at various temperatures, and to evaluate the Arrhenius parameters. Nafronyl is hydrolyzed by specific hydrogen-ion (15.2 kcal/mole) and hydroxide ion (7.72 kcal/mole) catalysis of the neutral species and specific hydroxide-ion catalysis (5.91 kcal/mole) of the protonated species. The pH of maximum stability is 3.0, and pH 5.4 is the maximum that can be tolerated at 30 degrees, with a 10% solvolysis in 3 years. The half-life of nafronyl at 30 degrees was 7 days at pH 7, 12 hr at pH 10, and 21 min in 0.5 N NaOH. Since nafronyl has a half-life of 3.2 hr in heparinized dog plasma at 25 degrees, blood samples for pharmacokinetic studies of nafronyl must be assayed immediately after sampling. The partition coefficients of I and II determined as functions of pH permit the extraction of both compounds at pH 4.5, but only I can be extracted at pH values above 9.5. PMID- 7229929 TI - Comparison of quantitation methods for L-1210 cell populations and evaluation of selected cytotoxic agents in leukemic mice. AB - A more rapid cell-counting technique using an electronic cell counter was developed as an improvement over the slower hemocytometer method. The electronic counting method produced cell counts that had a smaller standard deviation but were not significantly different from the hemocytometer method. The acetate, hexanoate, and decanoate esters of p-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenol were investigated for acute toxicity in mice, effects on survival times, and effects on L-1210 cell populations in L-1210 leukemic mice. The decanoate ester was the least toxic compound and was most effective in lengthening the lifespan of the mice. The acetate and hexanoate esters were more effective in reducing L-1210 cell populations. PMID- 7229930 TI - Kinetic analysis of relationship between partition coefficient and biological response. AB - Both nonequilibrium and equilibrium models were proposed to explain the optimal biological response to a set of congeners with respect to the oil-water partition coefficient (P). A detailed analysis of the kinetic model proposed by Hansch demonstrates the bilinear form of the model, with the initial slope of the logarithm of the concentration for 50% receptor binding versus log P having a slope of greater than one. This result is in contrast to the equilibrium model for an initial slope of less than one. Thus, a criterion is established for deciding whether equilibrium or nonequilibrium processes apply. PMID- 7229931 TI - Antifertility activity of N-protected glycine activated esters. AB - A series of N-protected glycine activated esters was found to have antifertility activity in mice when administered intravaginally. The N-carbobenzoxyglycine vinyl ester and N-carbobenzoxyglycine 1,2-dibromoethyl ester analogs possessed the best activity in inhibiting pregnancy but were much less active when administered intraperitoneally. The acrosin enzymatic activity of sperm also was inhibited by these N-protected glycine activated esters, as measured by N-alpha benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester and azocasein hydrolysis. The ability to inhibit N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester hydrolysis, a trypsin-like activity, appeared to have a positive correlation with antifertility activity when the agents were administered intravaginally. PMID- 7229932 TI - Determination of drug stability in aspirin tablet formulations by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Salicylic acid and aspirin were resolved from the other salicylates in thermally degraded multicomponent tablets and determined quantitatively. The analytical method involved wetting the powdered tablet with acetic acid and diluting with chloroform to extract the drug components. Automated high-pressure liquid chromatographic analyses of filtered extracts were performed on a silica column with a mobile phase of acetic acid in heptane. The method was capable of resolving the major thermally induced transformation products in tablet formulations. It was sensitive to approximately 0.1 mg of salicylic acid/tablet. Good agreement with the compendial method for free salicylic acid was obtained. PMID- 7229933 TI - Hypoglycemic activity of oral hypoglycemics with increased hydrophilicity. AB - The effect of increasing the hydrophilicity of acetohexamide and tolbutamide with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and methylcellulose on drug dissolution and hypoglycemic activity in rats was examined. The dissolution rate of both drugs was increased according to the type and concentration of the polymer. The oral absorption of both drugs was improved, as indicated by potentiation of the reduction in blood glucose in rats. The efficiency of the polymer in increasing the dissolution rates of of the drugs correlated with hydrophilicity of the polymer. PMID- 7229934 TI - Effects of salicylate on rectal absorption of theophylline. AB - The rectal absorption of theophylline in rats was facilitated by concurrent administration of salicylic acid or sodium salicylate. The absorption of theophylline depended on the simultaneous absorption of salicylate and increased with an increasing concentration of salicylate. Calcium and magnesium ions inhibited the effects of salicylate at pH 7.4 but not at pH 4.5. Sodium lauryl sulfate caused lasting changes in rectal absorption, whereas the effects of salicylate on absorption were observed only when salicylate was present Strong chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium citrate did not effect the absorption of theophylline, except at very high concentrations (30%), where membrane damage was observed. Rectal drug absorption was not enhanced by vasodilation or inflammation alone since sodium nicotinate and histamine did not facilitate the disappearance of theophylline from the perfusate. PMID- 7229936 TI - Two-dimensional TLC analysis of ginsenosides from root of dwarf ginseng (Panax trifolius L.) Araliaceae. AB - A procedure is reported for the two-dimensional TLC separation of ginsenosides from the root of Panax trifolius L. The solvent systems and spray reagents described are useful for the identification of ginsenosides in various species of Panax. The results of the separation and identification with controls of at least four ginsenosides from the root of P. trifolius L. are reported. The total percentage of ginsenosides was 0.0061%. PMID- 7229935 TI - Synthesis and antibacterial and anticancer evaluations of alpha-methylene-gamma butyrolactones. AB - Nine new alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones were synthesized by the Reformatsky condensation of ethyl alpha-bromomethylacrylate with ketones, aldehydes, and an epoxide. A unique spirobutyrolactone class was prepared by reaction of the zinc alkyl derivative and N-methylisatins. The compounds were evaluated against L-1210 and P-388 leukemia and the 9KB carcinoma of the nasopharynx. They also were screened in a microbiocidal and an antifungal assay. The spiro methylene lactone of 5-iodo-N-methylisatin displayed activity in the P-388, 9KB, and antifungal screens. PMID- 7229937 TI - Selenium-sulfur analogs III: synthesis and biodistribution of two 75Se-labeled 4 substituted-1,2,3-selenadiazoles. AB - The 75Se-labeled 4-substituted-1,2,3-selenadiazole analogs of two drugs that inhibit the adrenocorticosteroid 11 beta- and 17 alpha-hydroxylase enzymes were prepared by the [75Se]selenious acid oxidation of the appropriate methyl ketone semicarbazones. The concentration of the radiolabeled compounds in the adrenal glands of rats over a 0.25--24-hr period was determined and compared with that in the blood, liver, and kidneys. The concentration in the adrenal glands and the target to nontarget ratios were much lower than those reported for other adrenocorticosteroid inhibitors. Therefore, these 1,2,3-selenadiazole agents do not have potential as adrenocorticosteroid imaging agents. PMID- 7229938 TI - Formation of thiazoles, thiazines, and thiadiazines from 1-phthalazine thiosemicarbazides as potential anticonvulsants. AB - 3-Substituted-4-oxothiazolin-2-yl-(1-phthalazinyl)hydrazones, 3-substituted-4-oxo 5,6-dihydro-1,3-thiazin-2-yl-(1-phthalazinyl)hydrazones, and 2-substituted-amino 5-oxo-4-(1-phthalazinyl)-6-hydro-1,3,4-thiadiazines were prepared and tested for their anticonvulsant activity. Some compounds showed weak to moderate anticonvulsant activity. PMID- 7229939 TI - Quantitative determination of pilocarpine, isopilocarpine, pilocarpic acid, and isopilocarpic acid in clinical ophthalmic pilocarpine formulations by reversed phase liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid and convenient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of pilocarpine and its degradation products was used to analyze 10 clinical ophthalmic pilocarpine formulations. PMID- 7229940 TI - Convenient synthesis of alkyl esters of urocanic acid. AB - Ethyl, n-dodecyl, and n-hexadecyl esters of urocanic acid (4-imidazoleacrylic acid) were prepared from 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde in satisfactory yields via the Wittig reaction. PMID- 7229941 TI - Preparation of egg albumin microcapsules and microspheres. AB - Protein microspheres and microcapsules containing fine hydrophilic particles (spherical silica gel beads, iron hydrous oxidemodified nylon 12, or phenacetin) were prepared by using water-soluble egg albumin, which is heat-coagulable at 50 80 degrees. The size and size distribution of the microspheres and microcapsules formed and the microencapsulation percentage of fine particles were determined, and the factors affecting them were studied. Favorable conditions are suggested to obtain phenacetin-containing microcapsules in high yield. PMID- 7229942 TI - Microencapsulation and fabrication of fuel pellets for inertial confinement fusion. AB - Various microencapsulation techniques were evaluated for fabrication of thermonuclear fuel pellets for use in existing experimental facilities studying inertial confinement fusion and in future fusion-power reactors. Coacervation, spray drying, in situ polymerization, and physical microencapsulation methods were employed. Highly spherical, hollow polymeric shells were fabricated ranging in size from 20 to 7000 micron. In situ polymerization microencapsulation with poly(methyl methacrylate) provided large shells, but problems with local wall defects still must be solved. Extension to other polymeric systems met with limited success. Requirements for inertial confinement fusion targets are described, as are the methods that were used. PMID- 7229943 TI - Long-term studies of microencapsulated and adsorbed influenza vaccine nanoparticles. AB - Incorporation of antigens into nanometer-sized polymer particles was recently shown to lead to a good adjuvant effect. An optimal antibody response with killed influenza virus antigens was achieved with 0.5% poly(methyl methacrylate). Long term experiments showed prolonged antibody response of polymer adjuvants with incorporated or adsorbed influenza virus. Adsorption also yielded an optimal adjuvant effect with 0.5% poly(methyl methacrylate). The antibody response was accompanied by protection of the mice against infection with mice-adapted influenza virus. In addition, the polymer vaccines were more stable against temperature inactivation than were vaccines with aluminum hydroxide or without adjuvants. PMID- 7229944 TI - Influences of matrixes on nylon-encapsulated pharmaceuticals. AB - The preparation and properties of nylon microcapsules containing three different matrixes (formalized gelatin, calcium alginate, and calcium sulfate) are described. Microcapsules containing each matrix were dense and free flowing and could be made of very small diameter by controlling the stirring speed during nylon formation. The preparation of microcapsules containing calcium alginate employed freeze-drying procedures. Lyophilization was not necessary with the formalized gelatin and calcium sulfate systems. Various representative drugs (anionic, cationic, nonionic, quaternary, and amphoteric compounds) were used in the formulation studies. The effects of pH, matrix, and encapsulated species on retention of drug in the microcapsules are described. In addition, the surface morphology of the microcapsules was examined using scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7229945 TI - In vitro and in vivo release of microencapsulated chlorothiazide. AB - Microcapsules of chlorothiazide were prepared by the complex coacervate technique using gelatin and acacia as the wall-forming materials. The release of drug from the microcapsules and compressed tablets of microcapsules were studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro dissolution was characterized by a rapid release of drug followed by a slower, more sustained release. The effects of pH and concentration are discussed. In vivo release of drug was determined from urine, and the volume of urine passed was studied. PMID- 7229946 TI - Sustained-release drug delivery system I: Coated ion-exchange resin system for phenylpropanolamine and other drugs. AB - Ion-exchange resin-drug complexes have been used to formulate sustained-release products of acidic and basic drugs. However, sustained release may be difficult to achieve due to many variables. A novel technique is reported that minimizes these variables by providing a polymeric film coating to the ion-exchange resin drug complex particles, making drug release from these particles diffusion controlled. Direct application of an atomized polymer solution to the fluidized ion-exchange resin-drug complex particles was ineffective in controlling drug release since the coating came off in the dissolution medium due to swelling and fracturing of the particles. Pretreatment of the ion-exchange resin-drug complex particles with an agent such as polyethylene glycol was essential for the particles to retain their geometry and coating during dissolution. With divinylbenzenesulfonic acid resin complexed with phenylpropanolamine as a model, mixtures of ethylcellulose-coated and uncoated resin-drug complex particles were prepared. These mixtures gave varying drug release profiles that showed rank order correlation with plasma concentration profiles obtained in bioavailability studies with suspension dosage forms. PMID- 7229947 TI - Microencapsulation and methylglyoxal and two derivatives. PMID- 7229948 TI - Specific cell binding using staphylococcal protein A magnetic microspheres. AB - Protein A, a protein derived from Staphylococcus aureus, was incorporated into the matrix of magnetic albumin microspheres. Because staphylococcal protein A binds most subclasses of immunoglobulin G through their Fc portions, immunoglobulin may be rapidly bound to microspheres without chemical coupling agents or a diamino-heptane spacer group. Microspheres so prepared bind specifically to a given cell type when incubated in vitro with a heterogeneous cell population. The use of these microspheres as a drug carrier capable of cellular specificity as well as their ability to isolate homogeneous cell populations rapidly is discussed. PMID- 7229949 TI - In vivo kinetics of magnetically targeted low-dose doxorubicin. AB - The in vivo kinetics of low-dose doxorubicin (0.05 mg/kg), entrapped in a carrier and magnetically targeted, were characterized in a rat tail model. Tissue concentrations of doxorubicin at a preselected target site and in various organs were followed over time. As late as 60 min postinjection, 3.7 microgram/g of drug was found at the target site with no detectable drug levels found in any organ. In comparison, a 100-fold higher dose (5.0 mg/kg iv) of free doxorubicin yielded drug concentrations of 1.8 microgram/g at the target site and 15.0 microgram/kg in the pooled organs. Therefore, 1% of the free intravenous dose targeted magnetically yielded approximately twice the local doxorubicin concentration at a preselected target site with no detectable systemic distribution. Magnetic targeting of particulate drug carriers to localized disease sites is suggested as an efficient method of obtaining high local drug concentrations and may reduce many unwanted side effects from unrestricted systemic circulation. PMID- 7229950 TI - Preparation and release characteristics of potassium chloride microcapsules. AB - The release characteristics of potassium chloride was studied when it was coated with a selection of polymers; from the results obtained, a suitable batch was microencapsulated using a gelatin-gum arabic coacervate system. The microencapsulated product offers better controlled release for this drug when compared to standard table and powder forms. PMID- 7229951 TI - Effect of caffeine on circulating theophylline levels in beagle dogs. AB - The pharmacokinetic interactions of caffeine with theophylline were examined in two beagle dogs by administering 100 mg of aminophylline intravenously, 3 weeks before and immediately after repeated oral doses of caffeine. Serial plasma samples were analyzed for caffeine and theophylline simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography. Upon multiple oral dosing, 100 mg every 12 hr for 7 days, the caffeine half-life increased slightly in one dog but decreased in the other. As predicted from single-dose data, caffeine accumulation in plasma after repeated doses was slight, while plasma levels of the N-demethylated metabolite, theophylline, rose to about three times the initial values. After rapid intravenous doses of aminophylline, the theophylline half-life was 5-7 hr, which decreased slightly when the drug was administered concomitantly with caffeine during steady state of caffeine. The theophylline volume of distribution (0.75 liter/kg) was unaffected by caffeine. On the other hand, an acute aminophylline injection prolonged the elimination half-life and increased the apparent volume of distribution of caffeine, causing little overall change in its plasma clearance. The results suggested that interactions between theophylline and caffeine may be attributed to changes in drug distribution and drug elimination characteristics. PMID- 7229952 TI - Nonsteroidal estrogens and antiestrogens: biological activity of cyclopropyl analogs of stilbene and stilbenediol. AB - The estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and receptor binding activity of a series of cyclopropyl analogs of stilbene and stilbenediol were determined using the uterotropic assay in the mouse and the receptor binding assay with rat uterine cytosol. One compound, 1,1-dichloro-cis-2,3-diphenylcyclopropane (II), displayed antiestrogenic activity in vivo with a low affinity for the estrogen receptor in vitro and showed tumor remission activity on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced estrogen-dependent rat mammary tumors. Compounds VIII, IV, and V (in that order) exhibited the greatest estrogen activity in the mouse and the greatest receptor binding activity in vitro. Compound VIII exhibited antifertility activity in the mouse. PMID- 7229953 TI - First-pass metabolism of ethinyl estradiol in dogs and rats. AB - The contraceptive steroid ethinyl estradiol was extensively metabolized when given orally in solution to dogs. It was thought at first that metabolism occurred exclusively in the liver. However, use of standard equations to predict the oral bioavailability of drugs known to be metabolized by hepatic first pass resulted in significantly higher values than those obtained experimentally. To rationalize the data and to determine whether ethinyl estradiol also is metabolized in the gut wall during absorption, metabolism in rats was studied. The drug was administered in solution intraduodenally, intraportally, and intravenously as a bolus by first-order infusion. The results indicate that, in rats, 40% of the drug is metabolized by the gut wall and 79% of the drug in the portal blood is metabolized by the liver intraduodenal administration. PMID- 7229955 TI - Quantitative TLC determination of epimeric ratios of 16-methyl 17-ketone oxidation products of dexamethasone and related drugs. AB - A TLC system sensitive enough to detect, identify, and allow quantitation of the 16-methyl alpha- and beta-epimers of 9-fluoro-11 beta-hydroxy-16-methylandrosta 1,4-diene-3,17-dione is described. These epimeric 17-ketones may be present as impurities in dexamethasone, betamethasone, or related drugs. A spectrodensitometer with a TLC scanning attachment was used, and results from densitometry compared favorably with quantitation by high-performance liquid chromatography, as was described recently. TLC was convenient in the rapid examination of drug samples for the detection and identification of epimeric 17 ketones and for the determination of the alpha to beta ratio of such epimers. Various applied photographic techniques for documenting TLC data are described. PMID- 7229954 TI - Terpenoids biotransformation in mammals III: Biotransformation of alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, pinane, 3-carene, carane, myrcene, and p-cymene in rabbits. AB - The biotransformation of (+)-, (-)-, and (+-)-alpha-pinenes, (-)-beta-pinene (nopinene), (-)-cis-pinane, (+)-3-carene, (-)-cis-carane, myrcene, and p-cymene in rabbits was investigated. The major metabolites were as follows: (-)-trans verbenol from (+)-, (-)-, and (+/-)-alpha-pinenes; (-)-10-pinanol and (-)-1-p menthene-7,8-diol from (-)-beta-pinene; (-)-alpha-terpineol and (-)-trans sobrerol from (-)-cis-pinane; (-)-m-mentha-4,6-dien-8-ol, 3-caren-9-ol, (-)-3 carene-9-carboxylic acid, and 3-carene-9,10-dicarboxylic acid from (+)-3-carene; carane-9,10-dicarboxylic acid from (-)-cis-carane; and myrcene-3(10)-glycol, myrcene-1,2-glycol, uroterpenol, and p-cymene-9-carboxylic acid from p-cymene. These metabolisms include allylic oxidation, epoxidation, stereoselective gem dimethyl hydroxylation and its oxidation, cleavage of a conjugated double bond by epoxidation, and regioselective oxidation, some of which are not found usually in chemical reactions, and due to which various new compounds were determined. This biotransformation of the monoterpene hydrocarbons gave some insect pheromones in high yield.U PMID- 7229956 TI - Isolation and identification of impurities in 4-acetyl-2-(2'-hydroxyethyl)5,6 bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one, an antihypertensive agent. AB - Three trace impurities found in 4-acetyl-2-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-5,6-bis(4 chlorophenyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one (II), a novel antihypertensive agent, were isolated by a combination of low-pressure liquid chromatography and preparative TLC. These impurities were identified as the formate ester of II, a pyridazinone having a 2-methyl rather than the 2'-hydroxyethyl substituent, and a bis(pyridazinonyl)methane analog. In addition, the product of O-alkylation rather than of N-alkylation of 4-acetyl-5,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2H-pyridazin-3-one (I) with ethylene carbonate was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The biological activity of these four impurities was compared to that of II. PMID- 7229957 TI - Comparative bioavailability of three commercial acetaminophen tablets. AB - Four different acetaminophen products (three tablets and one liquid) were evaluated for their in vitro properties and in vivo comparative bioavailability. The in vivo properties included assay, hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, content uniformity, disintegration, and dissolution. A statistically significant variation was observed in friability, disintegration, and dissolution. The dissolution rates were determined in 0.1 N HCl under sink conditions, and the T50% value for Brand A was 50 min while the values for Brands B and C were 1 min. The in vivo evaluation was completed in four subjects with a urinary excretion experiment using a crossover design. The calculated elimination half-lives were 4.12, 2.77, 3.14. amd 2 h for Brands A, B, and C and the standard, respectively. The relative bioavailabilities (with respect to solution) were 82, 87, and 92% for Brands A, B, and C, respectively. The mean amount excreted with Brand A was less than the reference at all time points, although it was not significant. Comparison of the in vitro and in vivo data for the three tablets indicated that the rate and amount of acetaminophen excreted may be related to the dissolution rate. PMID- 7229958 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships of purines I: Choice of parameters and prediction of pKa values. AB - Linear free energy relationships were derived for several monosubstituted purines. The derived equations relate to the pKa to the Hammett constants sigma m and sigma p. A general linear free energy relationship was derived that permits calculation of the pKa of polysubstituted purines. The results suggest that correlation of biological data with standard parameters is feasible. PMID- 7229959 TI - Clofibrate microcapsules II: Effect of wall thickness on release characteristics. AB - The effect of wall thickness on the release characteristics of clofibrate from microcapsules prepared in gelatin-sodium sulfate was investigated. The wall thickness, calculated by recovering the wall material from the microcapsules and using the relationship between two concentric spheres, was related to the surface area of the droplets being encapsulated. Thinner walled microcapsules gave faster release and showed greater deviation from zero-order kinetics but followed the square root of time plots. Microcapsules having thicker walls approximated zero order release but deviated from the square root of time plots. A theoretical model was developed to explain the release characteristics of the microcapsules. A linear correlation was found between the thickness and the in vitro t50% release time. PMID- 7229960 TI - Synthesis and preliminary pharmacology of an internal standard for assay of neostigmine. AB - The synthesis of the diethyl analog of neostigmine, its preliminary pharmacology, and its use as an internal standard for the GLC assay of neostigmine are described. Both the diethyl analog and neostigmine undergo thermal demethylation in the injection port. The column selected produced satisfactory resolution and short retention times for neostigmine and the diethyl analog. The diethyl analog apparently possesses acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting properties, as evidenced by potentiation of the contractile response to acetylcholine in the ileum. In addition, acetylcholine levels in the brain were elevated slightly. Water solutions of the diethyl analog appeared to lose biological activity with time. the diethyl analog appears to be suitable for use as an internal standard for the GLC assay of neostigmine. PMID- 7229961 TI - Electrophoretic determination of charge on carrier-free 99mTc-labeled complexes. AB - A new method for determining the charge on carrier-free 99mTc-labeled complexes is described. This method and mixed-ligand experiments were used to determine if the charge on the technetium 99m complex of N-(2,6 dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl)iminodiacetic acid (I) is - 1 and if the ligand to technetium ratio in the complex is 2:1. The preparation of an iodinated analog (II) of I and its 99mTc-labeled complex is described, as is the biodistribution of the 99mTc-labeled complex in mice. The synthesis of the 51Cr(III)- and 57Co(III)-labeled complexes also are described. The net biliary excretion in mice of both the 99mTc- and 51Cr-labeled complexes of II was significantly greater than that of the 99mTc-labeled complex of I. PMID- 7229962 TI - Radiolabeled benzoylcholine derivatives as possible myocardial-imaging agents. AB - Two radioiodinated analogs of benzoylcholine were investigated as possible myocardial-imaging agents. O-([2-125I]Iodobenzoyl)-choline and N-([2 125I]iodobenzoyl)cholamine were prepared by nucleophilic substitution of sodium [125I]iodide for stable iodine in O-(N,N]dimethylaminoethyl)-2-iodobenzoate and N (N',N'-dimethylaminoethyl)-2-iodobenzamide, respectively, and by methylation with methyl iodide. The in vivo distribution of each compound in mice was determined as a function of time. Favorable heart-to-blood and heart-to-lung ratios were obtained with N-([2-125I]iodobenzoyl)cholamine. PMID- 7229963 TI - Effect of macromolecules on aqueous solubility of cholesterol and hormone drugs. AB - The solubility of cholesterol and some hormone drugs in aqueous macromolecule solutions was investigated. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextrans, and heparin increased the solubilities of progesterone, testosterone, and diethylstilbestrol, while acacia, pectin, and carrageenans decreased their solubilities. Dextrans increased the solubilities of cholesterol and the three hormone drugs. Acacia and pectin greatly increased cholesterol solubility; however, these macromolecules significantly decreased progesterone and diethylstilbestrol solubilities and slightly decreased progesterone solubility. Heparin decreased cholesterol solubility and increased progesterone, testosterone, and diethylstilbestrol solubilities. Carrageenans significantly decreased cholesterol, progesterone, and testosterones solubilities and had little effect on diethylstilbestrol solubility. A strong bathochromic shift in the absorption spectra of progesterone and testosterone in polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions indicated an attachment between the polymer and the C=O group of the steroids. PMID- 7229964 TI - Analysis of pilocarpine and isopilocarpine in ophthalmic solutions by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation for pilocarpine and isopilocarpine was developed which is suitable for the routine analysis of ophthalmic preparations. The method utilizes a column packed with 5-micron silica with a mobile phase of hexane-2% ammonium hydroxide in 2-propanol (70:30). Peak detection is by UV at 220 nm. It is suggested that a partition separation mechanism is involved rather than adsorption. A separation factor (alpha) of 1.17 was obtained with a relative separation (Rs) of 2.13. Column lifetimes were typically 6-8 months with daily use. Several standard pilocarpine-isopilocarpine mixtures and five commercially available ophthalmic solutions from different manufacturers were analyzed. The method was specific for pilocarpine and isopilocarpine in the presence of each other and pilocarpine acid and is a significant improvement over the nonspecific colorimetric methods of analysis. PMID- 7229965 TI - Effect of dosing volume on intramuscular absorption rate of aminoglycosides. AB - The Loo-Riegelman method was applied to serum amikacin level data after intravenous and intramuscular administration. Intramuscular amikacin absorption can be described by first-order kinetics, but the absorption rate constant decreased from 1.95 hr-1 at a 125-mg dose to 1.00 hr-1 at a 750-mg dose. This rate change apparently is a physical phenomenon due to differing dosing volumes at different doses and attendant changes in the surface area to volume ratio at the injection site. Amikacin absorption rates on intramuscular injection can be maximized by giving several smaller injections rather than a single larger injection. This phenomenon should be generally observed with aminoglycoside antibiotics and could be partly responsible for reported variations in the absorption rate and the poor predictability of serum concentrations. PMID- 7229966 TI - Theophylline absorption and disposition in rabbits: oral, intravenous, and concentration-dependent kinetic studies. AB - Theophylline pharmacokinetics following oral and intravenous administration were studied, and the absolute bioavailability of five commercially available products was determined using the rabbit as an in vivo model. Concentration-dependent clearance studies were performed by multiple constant-rate infusion and multiple bolus dose administration of aminophylline. Theophylline pharmacokinetics following the oral administration of these products obeyed the one-compartment open model adequately. However, the data obtained following rapid intravenous aminophylline administration in the rabbit fit either the one-compartment model (half-life = 2.8 hr and the volume of distribution = 4.4 hr and Vd(beta) = 0.708 liter/kg). There were no significant product-to-product differences in the time to peak (tmax), the rate constant of absorption (ka), or the percent of dose absorbed at 1 hr (F1); however, differences in the absolute bioavailability (F), dose-normalized peak serum concentration (Cmax(n)), and percent of dose absorbed at 6 hr (F6) were significant. There was no evidence of concentration-dependent clearance for theophylline in the rabbit in the serum concentration range studied, but the results of the multiple constant-rate infusion study suggest that total clearance decreases at higher serum theophylline concentrations. PMID- 7229967 TI - Effect of capsule size on permeability of gelatin-acacia microcapsules toward sodium chloride. AB - The effect of capsule size on the permeability of gelatin-acacia microcapsules toward sodium chloride was investigated. Gelatin-acacia microcapsules containing olive oil were prepared by phase separation. The encapsulated olive oil was extracted with acetone and the acetone-loaded microcapsules dispersed in acetone were fractionated by a series of mesh screens. The core material of acetone than was replaced by water. The permeability of each capsule fraction toward sodium chloride was estimated from the change in electrical conductance with time of the mixture of microcapsule suspension and sodium chloride solution. The permeability decreased with decreasing capsule size. Structured water in and around the capsule wall may be the cause of the observed size effect. PMID- 7229968 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic method with postcolumn, in-line hydrolysis and fluorometric detection for indomethacin in biological fluids. AB - A rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of indomethacin in plasma and urine was developed using high-pressure liquid chromatography, postcolumn, in-line hydrolysis of indomethacin to a fluorophore, and detection of the fluorophore wih a fluorometer. The lower limit of detection was 1.5 ng/ml of plasma. The coefficient of variation at 30 ng/ml of plasma was 4.5% (n = 5). The nonconjugated metabolites of indomethacin, aspirin, and salicylate were resolved from indomethacin and the internal standard, alpha-methylindomethacin. PMID- 7229969 TI - Quality control of phenylbutazone I: Analysis of phenylbutazone and decomposition products in drugs by TLC. AB - A modified TLC procedure for the analysis of phenylbutazone and its degradates on silica plates is reported. This method avoids phenylbutazone degradation in situ by chelating the iron of the silica plate, which allows rapid characterization with a fluorescence indicator. A selective and sensitive assay of phenylbutazone (0.025 microgram), using a chromatographic spectrophotometer, was performed on silica plates without a fluorescence indicator. Quantitative analysis of an injectable solution is outlined. PMID- 7229970 TI - Nasal absorption of natural contraceptive steroids in rats-progesterone absorption. PMID- 7229971 TI - Three-choice drug discrimination in the rat: morphine, cyclazocine and saline. PMID- 7229972 TI - Transport mechanisms for narcotics and narcotic antagonists in alimentary epithelia. AB - A study has been made of the transport of seven morphine analogs across short circuited preparations of rat gastric mucosa, small intestine and colon in vitro. Net secretory transport of all of the compounds tested was observed in the experiments with stomach. In the intestine the weaker bases were not transported but the more ionized compounds were secreted; in the colon, the stronger bases were transported in the absorptive direction. These transport processes were not dependent on transmural gradients of pH and in some cases the pattern of transport was maintained in the presence of adverse pH gradients. Studies on the effects of concentration and of interactions between concurrently transported compounds provided no evidence for carrier-mediated mechanisms. It was suggested that these observations are explicable in terms of a double membrane system. PMID- 7229973 TI - Naloxone epileptogenesis in monkeys. AB - The electroencephalographic effects of a range of doses of naloxone were evaluated in an effort to address the apparent epileptogenic properties of the drug. Electrographic activity was recorded from epidural electrodes in eight monkeys. The records were visually inspected and subjected to power spectral analyses. Concurrent visual evoked potentials were recorded and analyzed by standard procedures. Large doses (greater than 32.0 mg/kg i.m.) of naloxone were quickly and reliably succeeded by high voltage electrographic seizure activity at cortex. Lower doses (greater than or equal to 8.0 mg/kg) were followed by increased voltage in high frequency electroencephalogram (EEG) and spiking activity. Visual evoked potential latencies were reliably extended. As determined by power spectral analyses and third order slope analyses, the drug effects on EEG were related to time and dose. The early effects of high doses mimicked the maximal effects of low doses. It is concluded that seizures which follow high doses (48.0--64.0 mg/kg) of naloxone are derived from changes which are evident after doses which approach those used clinically to antagonize opiates. Such changes are, however, not readily apparent under visual inspection of the EEG. PMID- 7229974 TI - Effects of carbocromene on myocardial oxygen consumption in isolated dog hearts. AB - In isolated empty beating and isovolumetrically working supported dog hearts, the effects of intracoronary administration of the antianginal agent carbocromene (chromonar) and its corresponding acid metabolite on coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were investigated. After administration of 1.0 and 2.0 mg of carbocromene per heart, coronary flow increased significantly between 61 (P less than .05) and 155% (P less than .01) in both types of experiments. However, the carbocromene acid did not alter coronary flow. Both compounds decreased with the used doses myocardial oxygen consumption between 18 (P less than .05) and 36% (P less than .05) in empty beating as well as in working hearts. Both agents did not cause significant changes in heart rate and inotropy of the isolated hearts in both types of experiments. It is suggested that carbocromene decreases myocardial oxygen consumption by a direct effect on myocardial oxygen metabolism as is evident from the fact that this decrease is not accompanied by changes in any of the parameters which influence oxygen consumption. This effect of the drug is independent from its coronary vasodilating properties as the metabolite doses not change coronary flow but decreases myocardial oxygen consumption in both types of experiments. PMID- 7229975 TI - Effects and mechanism of action of trimazosin on coronary and left ventricular dynamics in conscious dogs. PMID- 7229976 TI - Pharmacokinetics of dyphylline elimination by uremic patients. AB - The elimination kinetics of dyphylline were investigated in four uremic patients receiving chronic hemodialysis treatment. Dyphylline (1000 mg) was administered to each patient orally 2 hr before hemodialysis. Serial arterial and venous blood samples as well as outflowing dialysate samples were collected and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography for dyphylline. The extraction efficiency of the hollow-fiber dialyzers averaged 44.6%. The mean dialysis clearance was 108.7 ml/min which compares favorably to the 57 ml/min metabolic clearance of the drug. A mean of 278.6 mg or 28.34% of the administered dose was recovered in the dialysate during the 4-hr dialysis interval. Half-lives for dyphylline during dialysis ranged from 3.43 to 7.62 hr. The off-dialysis half-lives for two of the four patients studied on a separate occasion were 10.6 and 13.2 hr. The overall clearance calculation projects an average half-life reduction of approximately 65% during hemodialysis. We conclude that dyphylline is dialyzable. Hemodialysis patients receiving dyphylline treatment may require a dosage regimen alteration. In addition, hemodialysis may be useful for the treatment of dyphylline overdose because of its effectiveness in accelerating the removal of the drug. PMID- 7229977 TI - Acute cocaine intoxication in the conscious dog: studies on the mechanism of lethality. PMID- 7229978 TI - Effects of reserpine on monoamines and intestinal transit in the rat. PMID- 7229979 TI - Physiologic effects and plasma kinetics of phenylethanolamine and its N-methyl homolog in the dog. AB - Single i.v. doses of the endogenous trace amine phenylethanolamine (PEOH) and its N-methyl homolog (NMPEOH) were administered to separate groups of five dogs. The dose- and time-related effects of these compounds were measured on pupillary diameter, heart rate and body temperature. Blood samples were obtained concurrently with the physiologic measures and plasma levels of PEOH and NMPEOH were determined by gas chromatography. Both compounds dilated pupils, decreased heart rate and tended to lower body temperature. NMPEOH was approximately 1.25 times more potent than PEOH in dilating pupils. The plasma pharmacokinetics of both PEOH and NMPEOH could be described by a biexponential function with half lives for the elimination phase of approximately 30 to 60 min. Plasma levels correlated significantly with increases in pupil diameter for both drugs, but only plasma levels of NMPEOH correlated significantly with changes in heart rate or body temperature. The present findings demonstrate that the endogenous trace amine PEOH and its N-methyl homolog NMPEOH, which may be produced endogenously by the enzymatic action of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase, produce prominent physiologic effects when administered i.v. in the dog, thus suggesting they may have physiologic roles in mammalian nervous system function. PMID- 7229981 TI - Effect of aprindine on transmembrane currents and contractile force in frog atria. AB - The effects of aprindine on transmembrane currents in frog (Rana Ridibunda) atrial trabeculae were studied using a voltage clamp technique. Aprindine (1 x 10(-6) g/ml) reduced maximum inward sodium current by 38.6 +/- 7.2% (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 6), but had no effect on the slow inward current or outward current. A higher dose of aprindine (2.8 +/- 10(-5) g/ml) suppressed both the fast inward current and the slow inward current. Outward current was decreased at membrane potentials between -80 and -45 mV and increased at membrane potentials positive to -20 mV. In addition, aprindine was tested on frog (R. Ridibunda) atrial strips in which the transmembrane action potential and contractile force were recorded. The low dose of aprindine (1 x 10(-6) g/ml) depressed action potential amplitude and dV/dt and slightly increased action potential duration, but had no effect on contractile force. The higher dose (2.8 x 10(-5) g/ml) significantly reduced developed tension and dP/dt, decreased action potential amplitude and dV/dt and increased action potential duration. Aprindine (2.8 x 10(-5) g/ml) also depressed slow channel dependent membrane oscillations induced in atrial trabeculae by injection of current pulses. These data indicate that aprindine possesses fast and slow channel blocking properties, the latter being more apparent at high concentrations of the drug, and affects outward current differentially, depending on the membrane potential. PMID- 7229980 TI - Anticonvulsant toxicity in vitro: possible role of arene oxides. AB - Human lymphocytes incubated with a mouse hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing system were used to study the cytotoxicity of four anticonvulsants. In vitro toxicity assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion was significantly greater for compounds with relatively high clinical toxicity (mephenytoin and phenacemide) than those with only rare cytotoxic complications (phenytoin and phenobarbital). No toxicity occurred in the absence of microsomes and toxicity was enhanced by inhibitors of epoxide hydrolase suggesting that the cytotoxicity of the drugs may result from arene oxide metabolites. In vivo, the covalent binding of such metabolites to cell macromolecules could lead to cell death and, by acting as haptens, to secondary hypersensitivity reactions. The method may be useful in assessing the potential of a drug for toxicity, the mechanism of cell damage and individual differences in cell defenses within the human population. PMID- 7229983 TI - Chronic reserpine treatment alters sensitivity and membrane potential of the rabbit saphenous artery. PMID- 7229982 TI - Effect of ethanol intake on cellular regulation of testosterone-5 alpha-reductase in rat oral tissues. AB - The effect of ethanol on testosterone-5 alpha-A-ring reductase activity was studied in the whole homogenate and/or subcellular fractions (microsomes and cytosol) of buccal mucosa, gingiva, liver and prostate from intact ethanol-fed (36% of dietary calories were given as ethanol for up to 360 days) and pair-fed control rats. An increased enzyme activity was found in the hepatic, prostatic and gingival homogenates from ethanol-fed rats. No difference in the enzyme activity was seen in the homogenates of buccal mucosa. However, when the buccal mucosal microsomal fraction was used a significant (P less than .005) increase in the enzyme activity was found in the ethanol-fed rats. It was determined that the lack of an increase in 5 alpha-reductase activity in the buccal mucosal homogenates from ethanol-fed rats was due to the presence of a cytosolic inhibitor of this enzyme. Enzyme kinetics showed a decrease in the velocity in correlation with the increasing concentration of cytosolic inhibitor (Vmax control = 1.9 and Vmax ethanol = 1.7, 1.45 and 1.0 nmol, respectively). The apparent Km (0) and Kp (1--3) values were similar for all combinations (4.5 x 10( 5) M). In addition, a similar Ki constant (2.2 mg of cytosolic protein) was found for different testosterone concentrations. These results suggest that the ethanol induced cytosolic inhibitor in buccal mucosa combines with the enzyme, independent of the substrate and inhibits it by an allosteric mechanism. Studies using dialysis, heating and tryptic digestion suggests that the inhibitor is a protein. PMID- 7229984 TI - Mode of the excitatory and inhibitory actions of ciguatoxin in the guinea-pig vas deferens. AB - Ciguatoxin (CTX), one of the most potent known toxic substances among marine toxins, causes a contraction in the isolated guinea-pig vas deferens at the concentration of above 3 x 10(-7) g/ml. The CTX-induced contraction of the vas deferens was inhibited or abolished by a treatment with phentolamine or guanethidine, but not affected in the presence of atropine or mecamylamine. Furthermore, this contraction was blocked by a treatment with tetrodotoxin, procaine or cold storage and incubation in a low Na+ medium. On the other hand, CTX markedly potentiated the contraction of vas deferens which was induced by norepinephrine (NE), acetylcholine or high-K, whereas it inhibited the contractile response to transmural stimulation. CTX caused a marked release of NE from the adrenergic nerves, which was blocked after treatment with tetrodotoxin or incubation in a Ca-free medium. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that the CTX-induced contraction is the result of an indirect action mediated through the NE release from the adrenergic nerve terminals and that the effect of NE released from the presynaptic sites is potentiated by CTX at the postsynaptic sites. The inhibitory effect of CTX on the contractile response to transmural stimulation may be due to decreasing the transmitter release caused by stimulation. PMID- 7229985 TI - Pharmacodynamics of minaxolone, a new steroidal anesthetic. AB - Studies were designed to examine blood concentration-response relationships for minaxolone administered to sheep by either i.v. infusion or bolus injection in both clinical doses and overdoses. Responses examined included effects on sensory nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The ratio of fatal blood concentrations to anesthetic blood concentrations (therapeutic ratio) was 3 to 4 without respiratory support other than endotracheal intubation to maintain a patent airway. Minaxolone consistently depressed respiration rate, raised PACO2 and depressed PAO2. Death resulted from respiratory failure. With intermittent positive pressure ventilation, the therapeutic ratio was raised to 30 to 40. Duration of anesthesia after bolus doses was directly related to the logarithm of the dose. Cardiovascular effects were minimal with clinical doses and mild overdoses and included slight tachycardia, slightly elevated blood pressure and increased total peripheral resistance with little or no change in cardiac output. With gross overdoses, stable hypotension and depressed cardiac output resulting from decreased stroke volume occurred. Its excellent anesthetic properties and lack of deleterious effects at normal doses on the cardiovascular system commend minaxolone for further evaluation. PMID- 7229986 TI - Species and regional differences in cholinergic blocking actions of beta bungarotoxin. AB - Effects of beta-bungarotoxin (beta-BuTX) on cholinergic transmission were examined in various tissues and species. In the guinea-pig atrial preparation, beta-BuTX in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 microgram/ml abolished the negative inotropic and chronotropic responses to electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. However, such a blocking action of beta-BuTX was not obtained in the mouse, rat or rabbit atrial preparations. beta-BuTX blocked the neuromuscular transmission in the phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations of guinea pig, mouse and rat, but the onset was earlier in the guinea pig than in the mouse and rat. Since these results suggest that the guinea pig is the most sensitive to beta-BuTX among the mammalian species so far tested, the effect of beta-BuTX on the cholinergic transmission in various tissues of this species was examined. In the guinea-pig stomach preparation, the cholinergic contractile response to electrical stimulation of the vagal preganglionic nerves was abolished by beta BuTX, whereas the noradrenergic relaxing response to stimulation of the vagal preganglionic nerve was not affected. In the ileal preparation, the cholinergic contractile response to stimulation of the intramural nerve was little attenuated. These results show that beta-BuTX has not only neuromuscular but also parasympathetic blocking actions and that there are species and regional differences in these blocking actions. PMID- 7229987 TI - The inhibition by flunarizine of the norepinephrine-evoked contraction and calcium influx in rat aorta and mesenteric arteries. PMID- 7229988 TI - The role of morphological and functional changes in adrenergic nerves for the development of colchicine-induced supersensitivity in the rat vas deferens. AB - Local application of colchicine to the hypogastric plexus produced degenerative changes in about 40% of adrenergic nerve endings and a decrease in the neuromuscular transmission in the rat vas deferens. Unlike after denervation, both decreases in the number of normal nerve terminals and neuromuscular transmission induced by colchicine were incomplete and reversible. Although the time course of these changes was apparently related to that of the development of supersensitivity after colchicine treatment, the degeneration of adrenergic nerves does not seem to be an essential factor for the manifestation of colchicine-induced supersensitivity which is quantitatively and qualitatively identical to that induced by denervation. It is suggested that some neurotrophic factor(s) may contribute to the control of responsiveness of the smooth muscle and that the denervation-like supersensitivity is induced by colchicine through an interference of axonal transport in adrenergic nerves. PMID- 7229989 TI - Impairment of behavior and acetylcholine metabolism in thiamine deficiency. AB - After only 1 day of treatment with a thiamine-deficient diet and pyrithiamine, a centrally and peripherally acting thiamine antagonist, 37.5% of rats performed poorly on a standardized string test. By day 12, 89.6% of the pyrithiamine treated rats, but only 8.1% of the pair-fed controls, had decreased string test scores. Scores for rats treated with a thiamine-deficient diet and oxythiamine, a peripherally acting thiamine antagonist, did not decrease even on the day before death. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine improved the low string test scores in 69.2% of trials with the pyrithiamine-treated rats, whereas neostigmine, which acts peripherally, had no effect. The effect of physostigmine was inhibited by the muscarinic blocker atropine, but not by methatropine, its peripherally acting analog. Arecoline, a direct muscarinic agonist, was as effective as physostigmine or thiamine in restoring string test performance. Nicotine had no effect and the nicotinic blocker mecamylamine did not alter the effect of physostigmine. Incorporation of [2H4]choline and [U-14C]glucose into acetylcholine was decreased by 32 and 48%, respectively, relative to pair-fed controls after 12 days of pyrithiamine treatment. Acetylcholine levels were unchanged. Thiamine deficiency induces an early functionally significant central muscarinic cholinergic lesion. PMID- 7229990 TI - Evidence for a functional cholinergic innervation of cerebral arteries. AB - Cat and rabbit cerebral arteries were compared to determine whether cholinergic nerves are present in both species. Low levels of acetylcholine and high affinity choline accumulation were found in noncerebral vessels of both species. Since it is doubtful that these low levels reflect the presence of a cholinergic innervation, they can be seen as indicators of background levels of these parameters in blood vessels. Cerebral arteries of both species contained much higher amounts of acetylcholine; levels ranged from 9 to 36 nmol/g. Accumulation of choline was also measured. Choline accumulation that was blocked with hemicholinium-3 was taken as a measure of high-affinity uptake and considered to be associated with cholinergic nerves. Levels of choline accumulation were much higher in cerebral arteries of both cats and rabbits than in noncerebral vessels. After labeling acetylcholine stores by preincubation with [3H]choline at a low concentration (5 X 10(-8) M), transmural electrical stimulation caused a marked increase in tritium efflux from both cat and rabbit cerebral arteries. Fractional release of acetylcholine per stimulation pulse averaged 8.6 X 10(-6). Treatment with tetrodotoxin or removal of calcium from the superfusing solution blocked stimulation-evoked tritium release, confirming its neurogenic origin. These findings provide strong evidence that cerebral arteries of both cats and rabbits are innervated with cholinergic nerves. However, the relationship between a neurogenic dilator response of cerebral arteries and the presence of a cholinergic innervation remains unclear. PMID- 7229992 TI - Induction effect of phenobarbital on the carbamazepine to carbamazepine-10, 11 epoxide pathway in rhesus monkeys. AB - The induction effect of phenobarbital on the carbamazepine to carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide pathway was investigated in seven rhesus monkeys. Each animal received an 8-hr infusion of carbamazepine on days 1, 5 and 15. In addition, animals received an acute dose (130 mg) of phenobarbital on day 5 followed by 10 daily maintenance doses (40 mg). Plasma samples were assayed for phenobarbital, carbamazepine and epoxide by gas chromatography interfaced with a mass spectrometer in chemical ionization mode. The control mean +/- S.D. values of plasma clearance, volume of distribution and T1/2 for carbamazepine were 7.3 +/- 2.37 liters/hr, 9.61 +/- 2.29 liters and 0.96 +/- 0.02 hr, respectively. The control steady-state ratio of epoxide to carbamazepine was 0.065 +/- 0.023. An acute loading dose of phenobarbital caused an apparent decrease in clearance (6.05 +/- 1.80 liters/hr, P = .06) with no apparent changes in other parameters. Subchronic administration of phenobarbital resulted in increases in clearance (14.42 +/- 4.91 liters/hr, P = .006) and volume distribution (12.00 +/- 2.06 liters, P = .01), a decrease in T1/2 (0.62 +/- 0.15 hr, P = .006) and an apparent increase in the epoxide to carbamazepine steady-state ratio (0.085 +/- 0.013, P = .06). The increase in the epoxide to carbamazepine ratio after subchronic administration of phenobarbital suggests that phenobarbital induces the formation of epoxide more than its elimination. This is in direct contrast to the lowering of the epoxide to carbamazepine ratio by carbamazepine autoinduction. PMID- 7229991 TI - The effects of disobutamide on electrophysiologic properties of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers and papillary muscle. PMID- 7229993 TI - Effects of quinidine on the cardiac-glycoside sensitivity of guinea-pig and rat heart. AB - Quinidine causes a marked increase in plasma digoxin concentration in patients receiving the glycoside. Whether the sensitivity of the heart to digoxin is altered by quinidine was examined with rats and guinea pigs. In electrically stimulated rat atrial preparations, quinidine failed to affect digoxin-induced inhibition of ouabain-sensitive 42K+ uptake, an estimate of sodium pump activity. Effects of quinidine on digoxin binding to Na+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in intact cells were examined by perfusion guinea-pig Langendorff preparations with digoxin and estimating the occupancy of the glycoside-binding sites on the enzyme from a reduction in the initial velocity of the ATP-dependent [3H]ouabain binding reaction. Quinidine did not alter the initial velocity of [3H]ouabain binding to ventricular homogenates obtained from digoxin-perfused preparations, indicating that digoxin binding to Na+, K+-AtPase during the perfusion was not altered. In isolated rat heart preparations, quinidine failed to affect the positive inotropic action of ouabain. Nor did quinidine modify the inotropic action of digoxin in Langendorff preparations of guinea-pig heart. Concurrent i.v. infusion of quinidine in anesthetized guinea pigs increased the digoxin concentration in plasma. Thus, quinidine does not modify digoxin-Na+, K+ ATPase interactions or the digoxin-sensitivity of the myocardium. Quinidine induced alterations in apparent volume of digoxin distribution should quantitatively change the response of the animal to digoxin. PMID- 7229994 TI - p-Chloro-N-methylaniline demethylase activity in liver and extrahepatic tissues of the human fetus and in chick embryo liver. AB - We achieved a 50-fold increase in sensitivity of a fluorescence assay for p chloro-N-methylaniline (p-CNMA) demethylase enabling us to examine the kinetics of the reaction in chick embryo liver and human fetal tissues and its inducibility in chick embryo liver. In chick embryo liver, p-CNMA demethylase activity was maximally induced (to about 200% of control levels) by both phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone. p-CNMA demethylase is therefore nonselective in its response to inducers of the P-450 and P-448 classes, respectively. Line-weaver-Burk plots of the data suggest that single kinetic components predominated in the reaction for both control and induced livers (mean apparent KmS: control, 3.8 X 10(-5) M; phenobarbital treated, 3.8 X 10(-5) M). Differences in the KmS and the pH-activity curves for the phenobarbital- and beta naphthoflavone-induced enzymes suggested, however, that the induced enzymes were not identical. p-CNMA demethylase activity was measurable in liver and extrahepatic organs of the human fetus and was 1.5 times higher in human fetal liver than in chick embryo liver. At least two kinetic components participated in the reaction in the human liver. Reaction rates in human fetal adrenal, lung and brain were about 60, 2 and 1% of the liver rates, respectively. Detection of mixed function oxidase activity in human fetal brain, not usually considered a site of biotransformation, suggests that the fetal brain could be a site of cytotoxic activation of chemicals during human fetal development. PMID- 7229995 TI - Effects of combinations of phencyclidine and pentobarbital on fixed-interval performance in rhesus monkeys. AB - The effects of phencyclidine (PCP, 0.1-.08 mg/kg), pentobarbital (PB, 2-32 mg/kg) and of combinations of these two drugs were determined in rhesus monkeys trained to respond on a fixed-interval 5-min schedule of food presentation. When combinations of PCP and PB were tested, dose-effect functions for PB on overall response rate were shifted to the left relative to those for PB given alone. This effect was dependent on PCP dose: the higher dose of PCP (0.2 mg/kg) shifted the PB dose-effect function further than did the lower dose (0.1 mg/kg). The effects of both drugs alone and in combination depended upon the rate of responding under control conditions. Individual drugs and combinations increased low rates of responding, increasing and then at higher doses decreased intermediate rates of responding and only decreased high rates of responding. Nevertheless, the effects of combinations of PCP and PB were always shifted to the left relative to PB given alone. This interaction was quantified by using isobolograms for those dependent measures that were decreased by the two drugs given alone or in combination. This analysis revealed that the nature of the interaction between PCP and PB depended upon the dose combination and the measure of performance. Relative to the predictions of a dose-addition model, the interaction was quantitatively greater (additive or supra-additive) when the lower dose of PCP was combined with PB. PMID- 7229996 TI - Opiate regulation of angiotensin-induced drinking and vasopressin release. AB - In rats, intracerebroventricular (i.v.t.) administration of endogenous opioid peptides inhibited angiotensin II-stimulated increase in plasma vasopressin concentration and drinking behavior. Naloxone and naltrexone were used to evaluate the effect of opiate receptor blockade on angiotensin drinking behavior. Both antagonists reduced the amount of water consumed and number of animals drinking in response to angiotensin II (i.v.t.). The time to onset of drinking was unaffected. Leucine5-enkephalin inhibition of angiotensin-stimulated release of vasopressin was also studied. Changes in plasma vasopressin concentration with time (5, 45, 90, 150 and 300 sec) were measured after a single i.v.t. injection of angiotensin II (50 ng), with and without pretreatment with leucine5-enkephalin (100 microgram i.v.t.). Vasopressin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The onset of vasopressin release occurred 5 to 45 sec after angiotensin, reaching peak response between 45 to 90 sec. Leucine5-enkephalin did not affect the onset but reduced the peak response to angiotensin (P less than .05). Saralasin, i.v.t., abolished angiotensin-stimulated increase in plasma vasopressin concentration and prevented the residual, but significant, increase in plasma vasopressin concentration in angiotensin-treated rats given enkephalin. It is concluded that angiotensin stimulates release of vasopressin by interaction with specific, saralasin-sensitive, receptors; leucine5-enkephalin inhibits angiotensin release of vasopressin; and an endogenously synthesized opiate ligand(s) may affect angiotensin drinking behavior. PMID- 7229997 TI - Mechanisms of the natriuretic and diuretic effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - The effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha on renal function were studied in hydropenic dogs. Peak responses occurred in 45 to 60 min. PGF 2 alpha (0.3 microgram.kg-1.min-1) increased urine flow by 1.3 +/- 0.3 ml/min and increased sodium excretion by 27.1 +/- 4.6 microEq/min. Papillary nonurea solute concentration was decreased from 981 +/- 153 to 347 +/- 58 mOsm/kg of H2O and the corticomedullary urea gradient was abolished. Although renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, peritubule capillary hydrostatic pressure and renal venous pressure were not changed by PGF2 alpha, urine from the infused kidney became distinctly hypotonic. A "washout" of medullary solutes was not supported by the data since the volume of distribution of 125I-albumin, an index of papillary perfusion rate, was not changed by PGF2 alpha. The contribution of decreased salt reabsorption from Henle's loop was evaluated in dogs that received furosemide and produced essentially isotonic urine. Subsequent intrarenal PGF2 alpha, increased CH2O and produced hypotonic urine with no significant further change in UNaV. These studies suggest that inhibition by PGF2 alpha of salt reabsorption from the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop may account for the modest natriuretic effect and contribute to the dissipation of the nonurea solute gradient. Additionally, there is an inhibition of both vasopressin-mediated water and urea reabsorption which contributed to the diuretic and hyposthenuric effects of infused prostaglandins. PMID- 7229998 TI - Alterations in drug distribution and clearance due to obesity. PMID- 7229999 TI - Effects of in vivo amphetamine administration on dopamine synthesis regulation in rat brain striatal synaptosomes. AB - The stimulation of dopamine synthesis in rat brain striatal synaptosomes produced by the depolarizing agent veratridine was markedly reduced by prior in vivo amphetamine administration. This effect did not appear to be due to an interference with the depolarization process, per se, since veratridine-induced inhibition of tyrosine uptake, a biochemical correlate of depolarization, was unaffected by amphetamine. Antagonism of veratridine-induced synthesis stimulation was not duplicated by in vivo treatment with pargyline, apomorphine, gamma-butyrolactone or haloperidol, suggesting that this effect may be due to a direct cellular action of amphetamine. In contrast to the inhibition of veratridine-induced synthesis stimulation produced by in vivo amphetamine administration, the synthesis stimulation produced by in vitro amphetamine treatment was not reduced. However, this stimulation was altered in character and was no longer calcium-dependent. A similar loss of calcium-dependency for amphetamine-induced synthesis stimulation was also observed after in vivo reserpine treatment. These results suggest that in vivo amphetamine administration can markedly alter the interactions between tyrosine hydroxylase and synaptosomal dopamine pools that may be involved in the regulation of catecholamine formation. PMID- 7230000 TI - Positive inotropic action of p-chloromercuribenzoate in isolated guinea-pig heart: influence of membrane stabilizing agents. PMID- 7230002 TI - The effect of phencyclidine on the turnover rate of acetylcholine in various regions of rat brain. AB - Although the mechanism of action of phencyclidine is poorly understood, an interaction of phencyclidine with central cholinergic systems has been proposed. To test this hypothesis directly, we investigated the effects of this compound on the turnover rate of acetylcholine (TRACh) in various areas of the rat brain. In doses of 14.3 to 114.4 mumol/kg (i.p.), phencyclidine increased the TRACh in the frontal cortex, parietal cortex and diencephalon when rats were sacrificed 30 min after drug treatment. In contrast, these doses of phencyclidine had no effect on the TRACh in the hippocampus or striatum. The increases in cortical and diencephalic TRACh were temporally correlated with the behavioral activity elicited by phencyclidine. A 7 day chronic treatment regimen (28.6 mumol/kd/day) provided no further evidence for tolerance development to the effects of phencyclidine on the TRACh in the frontal cortex or diencephalon. These results demonstrate that phencyclidine differentially affects cholinergic dynamics in various areas of the rat brain. The neurochemical profile of phencyclidine reported herein is similar to those previously described for central stimulants such as d-amphetamine, nomifensine and cocaine. PMID- 7230001 TI - Potassium-induced release of [3H]catecholamine from brain: effects of pre exposure to catecholamine uptake inhibitors. AB - Cocaine, nomifensine, mazindol, dita and desmethylimipramine markedly decreased the potassium-stimulated release of [3H]-dopamine from rat striatum, an area of brain enriched with dopamine. In contrast, only desmethylimipramine had a similar effect on the release of (3H]norepinephrine from the occipital cortex, a brain area comprised mainly of norepinephrine nerve terminals. These results were obtained under the following experimental conditions: the brain tissue was labeled with the appropriate [3H]catecholamine, incubated with a drug, rinsed twice with drug-free medium and subsequently stimulated with 20 mM potassium ions to induce release of the [3H]catecholamine. The radioactivity present in the medium before, during and after stimulation was primarily the unmetabolized [3H]catecholamine. The diminished response to potassium-stimulation in the striatum after exposure to drug was not related to the ability or potency of the drug to act as an inhibitor of neuronal uptake of catecholamines. The data indicate a relatively selective interaction of the drugs with dopamine nerve terminals rather than norepinephrine nerve terminals. PMID- 7230003 TI - The effects of p-chloroamphetamine administration on locomotor activity and serotonin in neonatal and adult rats. PMID- 7230004 TI - A new radioimmunoassay for haloperidol: direct measurement of serum and striatal concentrations. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for haloperidol has been developed. Antibodies were elicited in rabbits immunized with haloperidol hemisuccinate coupled to bovine serum albumin. Optimum sensitivity was obtained with a 1:4000 dilution of the antisera, permitting the detection of as little as 2.6 ng/ml of haloperidol. Major metabolites of haloperidol did not cross-react in the assay. The method does not require an extraction procedure and can be performed using as little as a 5-microliter sample. Haloperidol levels in rat serum and striatum were determined with this method, after the i.v. administration of different dosages of the drug. The distribution and elimination of haloperidol was linear over the dose range to have an elimination half-life of approximately 2.6 hr at all three dosage levels. PMID- 7230005 TI - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide in rat: an effect of hemoperfusion? PMID- 7230006 TI - Temperature dependence of ethanol depression in mice. AB - The relationship between environmental temperature, body temperature and ethanol depression was investigated in male C57BL/6J mice. Animals were injected with ethanol (3.6 g/kg) or saline and placed in an experimental or normal room temperature (control) environment. Environmental temperatures from 12-37 degrees C significantly influenced rectal temperature, sleep-time and wake-up brain ethanol concentrations. The rectal temperatures of ethanol-treated animals ranged from 1.5 degrees C greater to 11.3 degrees C lower than their matched saline controls, supporting indications that ethanol impairs normal thermoregulation. Sleep-time decreased up to 43% and wake-up brain ethanol concentrations increased as rectal temperature decreased from approximately 38-32 degrees C. More severe hypothermia after ethanol (rectal temperature less than 29 degrees C) increased sleep-time and decreased wake-up brain ethanol concentrations. These results indicate that sleep-time and brain sensitivity to ethanol vary with rectal temperature in accordance with predictions based on membrane expansion and partition theories of anesthesia and the anticipated anesthetic-like actions of severe hypothermia. PMID- 7230007 TI - Influence of protein deficiency of lysosome stabilizing and paw edema suppressant activity of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in rats. PMID- 7230008 TI - Evidence for a synergistic interaction between phenytoin and phenobarbital in experimental animals. AB - Combined anticonvulsant effects of phenytoin and phenobarbital in mice and rabbits were studied using the isobolographic method which was based on the plasma concentrations of these drugs. Anticonvulsant activity of test drugs alone or in combination was determined by the method of maximal electroshock seizure test. Response of each animal to drug action was recorded as abolition of the tonic hindlimb extensor component of maximal electroshock seizure. It was demonstrated that the minimal effective plasma concentrations of phenytoin and phenobarbital alone for protection against maximal electroshock seizure was 5.9 +/- 0.2 and 18.1 +/- 0.4 microgram/ml (+/- SE) in mice and 14.7 +/- 0.5 and 17.5 +/- 0.6 microgram/ml (+/-SE) in rabbits, respectively. Isobolograms for mice and rabbits were constructed by identifying and plotting each responder and nonresponder for its corresponding plasma phenytoin and phenobarbital concentrations when these drugs were given in combination. The isoboles in mice and rabbits were concave bowing toward the origin, indicated synergism (potentiation). The apparent synergism between phenytoin and phenobarbital cannot be explained by changes in the amount of these drugs entering into the brain from the blood, since the relationship between brain and plasma concentrations of either drug was not altered by the presence of the other. These results, therefore, suggest that the synergistic action between these two anticonvulsants occurs within the central nervous system; this provides experimental support for the combined use of phenytoin and phenobarbital in the clinical treatment of epilepsy. PMID- 7230009 TI - Structure-activity relationship for grayanotoxin derivatives in frog skeletal muscle. AB - In the presence of biologically active grayanotoxins, the frog skeletal muscle fiber generated a spontaneous action potential which was followed by a sustained depolarization. This depolarization was due to the specific increase in the membrane permeability to sodium, as it was abolished by withdrawal of sodium from the external medium or application of 1 x 10(-6) M tetrodotoxin. Potencies of biological activity of 34 grayanotoxin analogs were estimated from the measurement of critical concentrations for spontaneous generation of a prolonged action potential. It was found that the biological activity of grayanotoxins was largely dependent on both stereospecificity and hydrophobicity of the molecules. The essential groups in the grayanotoxin molecules for the biological activity were determined to be 3 beta-OH or 2 beta, 3 beta-epoxy group, 5 beta-OH, 6 beta OH and 10 beta-methyl groups. There was an optimal hydrophobicity of the molecule for the maximal biological activity. Either increase or decrease in the number of OH groups from the optimal number of five reduced the biological activity. Four essential groups corresponding to those in the grayanotoxin molecules are also present in the molecules of veratridine, batrachotoxin and aconitine, all of which are known to keep the sodium channel open. PMID- 7230010 TI - The actions of xylamine on central noradrenergic neurons. AB - The effects of xylamine (N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2-methylbenzylamine) on catecholamine content and uptake in rat brain were examined after systemic administration. Four hours after doses of 10 to 50 mg/kg i.p. of xylamine, norepinephrine uptake in synaptosomal preparations from cortex was reduced, but dopamine uptake in striatal preparations was unaffected. The levels of norepinephrine in the cortex and hypothalamus were depressed over this dose range, whereas dopamine levels in the striatum again were unaltered. The depletion of norepinephrine from the cortex and hypothalamus was also seen histologically by fluorescence histochemistry. When brain tissue was examined 10 days after a single 25 mg/kg dose, the depletion persisted in cortex and hypothalamus, and although there was a decrease in fluorescence intensity there was no clear evidence of a decreased number of catecholamine-containing processes that would have indicated neurotoxic effects. There was also no gliosis (an indicator of neuronal degeneration) in any of the brain areas or damage to the blood brain barrier. Thus, in contrast to 6-hydroxydopamine, xylamine appears to have selective action on norepinephrine systems and does not appear to be a nonselective neurotoxin. PMID- 7230011 TI - Intracortical spread of exogenous catecholamines: effective concentration for modifying cortical plasticity. AB - The present study is aimed to clarify the question of maximal intracortical spread of locally perfused 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and norepinephrine (NE) through a continuous microperfusion system. The following analyses were performed: 1) catecholamine (CA) fluorescence histochemistry in 6-OHDA-perfused cortex, 2) spatial distribution of tritium counts in the visual cortex perfused either with [3H]-6-OHDA or with [3H]N# and 3) chemical assay of endogenous CAs in 6-OHDA-perfused cortex. 4) High voltage paper electrophoresis was also used to separate unchanged NE from NE metabolites in cortex samples perfused with [3H]NE. Taking the present results together with those in previous physiological assays of cortical synaptic plasticity, we calculated the lowest effective concentration of 6-OHDA for depletion and of NE for restoration of synaptic plasticity in kitten visual cortex: it was approximately 3 microM for 6-OHDA and 0.3 microM for NE, respectively. This concentration of 6-OHDA seems to be low enough for its specific uptake by CA-containing nerve terminals in the visual cortex. The effective concentration of NE appears to be close to or less than the endogenous level of NE per unit of volume of the normal cortical tissue. In addition, by comparing the size of chemical lesions placed by 6-OHDA perfusion in the visual cortex and the spatial distribution of endogenous NE in cortical tissues which had been treated similarly with 6-OHDA, we evaluated the lower limit of sensitivity of a modified glyoxylic acid-perfusion histofluorescence method for visualizing CA (mostly NE)-containing fibers and terminals. The threshold of sensitivity seemed to be 20% of the control. PMID- 7230013 TI - Adrenal medullary responses to stimulation of the splanchnic nerve in the conscious calf. AB - 1. Right adrenal medullary and various cardiovascular responses to stimulation of the peripheral end of the right splanchnic nerve have been investigated in conscious calves, 2--5 weeks after birth. 2. The output of both adrenaline and noradrenaline was linearly related to stimulus frequency over the range 2.0--10.0 Hz, 2 1/2 min after stimulation was initiated. Peak outputs of both amines were obtained in response to stimulation at 15.0 Hz. 3. The output of adrenaline invariably exceeded that of noradrenaline, roughly in the proportion 3:2. At all frequencies tested between 7.0 and 40.0 Hz this difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.1). 4. Continuous stimulation at either 4.0 or 10.0 Hz produced a small but significant rise in the output of dopamine-beta monooxygenase (DBH) activity from the right adrenal gland. Mean maximal outputs were obtained after 10 min; the levels were closely similar at both 4.0 and 10.0 Hz and could not be related to stimulus frequency or to the output of either adrenaline or noradrenaline. 5. The results are discussed in relation to perfusion studies in vitro and experiments in anaesthetized animals. It is concluded that the levels of DBH in adrenal effluent plasma is an unreliable index of catecholamine exocytosis in the conscious calf. PMID- 7230012 TI - Ultrastructural dimensions of myelinated peripheral nerve fibres in the cat and their relation to conduction velocity. AB - 1. The ultrastructure of all the afferent fibres, or all the efferent fibres, was studied in selected nerves from chronically de-afferentated or de-efferentated cat hind limbs perfusion-fixed with glutaraldehyde.2. The following parameters were measured: number of lamellae in the myelin sheath (n), axon perimeter (s), external fibre perimeter (S), axon cross-sectional area (A). Fibres were allocated to afferent groups I, II, III or efferent groups alpha and gamma according to the number of lamellae in the myelin sheath.3. The thickness of the myelin sheath (m) was linearly related to axon perimeter within the range s = 4 mum to s = 20 mum (groups II, III and gamma). The relation m = 0.103 s - 0.26 provided a good fit for all afferent and efferent axons in this range in several different anatomical muscle nerves in three cats. The myelin sheaths were thinner in a fourth, presumably younger, cat.4. The myelin sheaths were relatively thinner for large fibres in groups I and alpha (s = 20-50 mum). The results are interpreted in one of three ways. Either m tends to a limit of about 2.2 mum, or m is linearly related to s such that for large fibres m = 0.032 s + 1.11.5. Alternatively, m may be considered to be proportional to log(10)s for all sizes of axon so that m = 2.58 log(10) S - 1.73. The interpretation that there are two separate linear relations for large and small fibres is favoured.6. The ratio of axon to external fibre perimeter (g) falls from about 0.70 for group III and small gamma fibres in the cat to about 0.62 for group II and large gamma fibres and then rises again to 0.70, or even 0.75 for group I and alpha axons.7. The above relations between m and s are combined with the observations of Boyd & Kalu (1979) that Theta = 5.7 D for groups I and alpha and Theta = 4.6 D for groups II, III and gamma. It is shown that Theta = 2.5 s approximately for all sizes of axon (s from material fixed for electron microscopy) in rat, cat and man. The accuracy of this equation may be improved by deducting 3 m/sec in the case of small fibres. This conclusion is compatible with experimental observations of the relation between l and D (Hursh, 1939; Lubinska, 1960; Coppin, 1973) and between l and Theta (Coppin & Jack, 1972).8. From the theoretical analyses of Rushton (1951) and others Theta should be proportional to the external dimensions of the fibre rather than to axon size. It is shown that the thinning of the myelin sheath ought to affect Theta substantially. Thus some other factors must compensate for the thinning of the sheath.9. Small fibres are significantly more non-circular than large fibres. From the quantitative data of Arbuthnott et al. (1980) it is concluded that non-circularity may contribute to the fact that Theta proportional, variant s rather than Theta proportional, variant S, but cannot wholly account for it. Other possibilities considered are that axoplasmic resistivity or specific nodal conductance may differ for large and small fibres.10. It is suggested that myelinated peripheral nerve fibres may fall into two distinct classes with different properties, one comprising groups I and alpha and the other groups II, III and gamma. The conclusion predicted from theory may apply to each of these classes separately so that Theta = 2.0 S for the large fibre class and Theta = 1.6 S for the small-fibre class. PMID- 7230014 TI - Current-voltage relations in the rod photoreceptor network of the turtle retina. AB - 1. Electrical coupling between rod photoreceptors was studied in the eyecup preparation of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, using intracellular micro-electrodes.2. The spatial profiles of rod responses to a long narrow slit of light were determined. The peak response amplitudes were found to decline exponentially as the slit was moved from the most sensitive position in the receptive field of each rod. The mean length constant was 55.7 mum.3. Rods were simultaneously impaled in pairs and electrical coupling was demonstrated between the rods in seventeen of these pairs. No coupling was observed between rods separated by more than 110 mum. The transfer resistance, defined as the ratio of potential in the second rod (coupled potential) to the current injected into the first rod, varied from 0.2 to 13.2 MOmega.4. The waveform of the coupled potential was time varying, exhibiting a peak and subsequent relaxation phase. The time course of the relaxation phase was voltage-dependent. At the cessation of current, the coupled potential rebounded beyond the resting potential and then decayed to the dark potential.5. Plots of input current versus coupled potential showed strong outward-going rectification, chord transfer resistances being as much as 3.5 times lower for depolarizing currents.6. Simultaneous impalements were made of pairs of neighbouring red-sensitive cones, of horizontal cells and rods, and of red-sensitive cones and rods. No evidence of coupling between cones and rods were found, nor could feed-back from horizontal cells onto rods be demonstrated; however, coupling between red-sensitive cones was found. This coupling exhibited neither the marked time-varying nor voltage-dependent properties that characterize the rod-rod coupling.7. Individual rods were impaled with independent current passing and voltage sensing micro-electrodes. Pulses of current produced time-varying potentials having relaxation and rebound phases. Current-voltage measurements showed a strong outward-going rectification. Input resistances at the resting potential ranged up to 96 MOmega.8. Square grid and hexagonal lattice models of ohmic electrical coupling were applied to the results. Using the measured values for the length constants and input resistances of single rods, we calculate that the plasma membrane resistance of each rod is approximately 1000 MOmega at the resting potential and that the coupling resistances are 272 and 444 MOmega for the square grid and hexagonal models, respectively.9. The time-varying and voltage-dependent properties observed at the input and in the coupling between rods appear to reflect characteristics of the rod's plasma membrane and not of the coupling pathways between the rods. Both the outward-going rectification and relaxation phase of the response appear to involve voltage-dependent conductance increases in the rod's plasma membrane. PMID- 7230016 TI - Retention of topographic addresses by reciprocally translocated tectal re implants in adult goldfish. AB - 1. The topographic pattern of retinotectal projections re-established after reciprocal translocation of two tectal re-implants within a whole tectum was studied in adult goldfish with neurophysiological mapping methods. 2. Reciprocal translocations of tectal re-implants along the rostrocaudal axis resulted in retinotectal projections on to these re-implants that showed corresponding reciprocal transpositions of receptive fields along the nasotemporal axis. 3. Similarly, reciprocal translocations of tectal re-implants along the mediolateral axis resulted in retinotectal projections on to these re-implants that showed corresponding reciprocal transpositions of receptive fields along the superoinferior axis. Some regenerating optic fibres in the operated tectum abruptly changed the directions of their courses, as if they were taking direct paths towards their displaced, previous target zones in the tectum. 4. Reciprocal translocation of tectal re-implants either along the rostrocaudal or mediolateral axis, accompanied by 180 degree rotation of the re-implants about the dorsoventral axis, resulted in retinotectal projections on to the re-implants that showed not only the corresponding reciprocal transpositions along the nasotemporal or superoinferior axis but also a localized 180 degree rotation in the order of the receptive fields within these re-implants. The same results were also observed after regeneration of the optic fibres following section of the contralateral optic nerve. 5. These results indicate that translocated pieces of tectal tissue retain not only the topographic polarity indicative of their normal orientation but also the topographic addresses indicative of their original positions in the tectum, with respect to their selective reinnervation by particular groups of optic fibres. PMID- 7230015 TI - The uptake and release of [3H]glycine in the goldfish retina. AB - 1. In the goldfish retina, uptake of exogenous [3H]glycine follows Michaelis- Menten kinetics with increasing concentrations of glycine. This uptake can be explained kinetically by the presence of two independent affinity systems: a 'high-affinity' mechanism with an apparent Km(H) of 8.1 microM and a Vmax(H) of 9.12 p-moles/min. mg protein, and a 'low-affinity' mechanism with an apparent Km(L) of 0.63 mM and a Vmax(L) of 430 p-mole/min . mg protein. 2. The high affinity mechanism, and probably also the low-affinity mechanism, is temperature- and Na+-dependent. 3. The low-affinity mechanism for glycine uptake is not affected by 5 mM-isoleucine, methionine and valine in the medium. However, it is inhibited more than 90% by 5 mM-alanine, proline and serine in the medium. This result indicates that the low-affinity transport for glycine may go through system A of the neutral amino acid transport system which is present in most tissues to transport glycine and certain neutral amino acids for metabolic purposes. 4. The high-affinity mechanism for glycine uptake is, however, not affected by the presence of up to 100-fold excess of all amino acids examined. 5. Autoradiographic studies show that at least one type of amacrine cell and one type of probable interplexiform cell take up [3H]glycine both in the presence and absence of 5 mM-alanaine, proline and serine, indicating that these neurones possess the high-affinity mechanism for glycine uptake. 6. [3H]Glycine accumulated in the retina can be released by increasing the external K+ concentration. This release is probably Ca2+-dependent since it is blocked by 10 mM-Co2+ in the medium. Additionally, autoradiographic studies show that [3H]glycine taken up by the glycine-accumulating neurones can also be released by Ca2+-dependent, K+-depolarization of the retina. PMID- 7230017 TI - Intracellular calcium accumulation during depolarization in a molluscan neurone. AB - 1. The bursting pacemaker neurone R-15 of Aplysia was injected with the Ca2+ sensitive dye arsenzo III. Changes in absorbance were measured with a differential spectrophotometer to monitor changes in free intracellular Ca2+ during membrane depolarization under voltage clamp conditions. 2. Dye absorbance increased linearly for depolarizing pulse durations up to 100 msec and approximately linearly between 100 and 300 msec, but for longer durations the absorbance change decreased. 3. The absorbance change vs. voltage relation increased steeply between -20 and 0 mV (e-fold per 8.5 mV), peaked at +36 mV and declined non-linearly to an estimated null or suppression potential of about +139 mV. 4. TTX (5 x 10(-5 M) had no effect on the change in dye absorbance produced by brief or long duration stimuli whereas Ca2+ free ASW abolished all changes in dye absorbance. 5. The absorbance change saturated with increasing external Ca2+ concentrations. The relation between dye absorbance and external Ca2+ concentration was hyperbolic and for a small range of external Ca2+ concentration and membrane potentials could be fitted by a Michaelis--Menten expression where the dissociation constant and the maximum absorbance change are voltage dependent. 6. The absorbance change was reduced by external divalent ions which block the Ca2+ channel (e.g. Cd2+ and Ni2+). The suppression of dye absorbance was increased by membrane depolarization and suggests that there is a voltage dependent site within the Ca2+ channel which binds divalent ions. 7. The decline of the absorbance--voltage relation from its peak to the suppression potential showed a greater nonlinearity when longer duration voltage clamp pulses were used. The non-linearity can be explained if the accumulation of Ca2+ ions next to the inner surface of the membrane during depolarization reduces the driving force on Ca2+ ions and thus decreases Ca2+ ion influx. 8. The suppression potential estimated from the absorbance--voltage relation increased 29 mV per tenfold change in the external Ca2+ concentration and thus can be used to estimate the Ca2+ equilibrium potential. 9. The change in dye absorbance produced by brief depolarizing voltage clamp steps was inactivated at positive holding potentials (50% inactivation at about -14 mV). Our results suggest that the slow decrease in dye absorbance during prolonged depolarization is caused by inactivation of the Ca2+ channel. PMID- 7230018 TI - Potassium conductance and internal calcium accumulation in a molluscan neurone. AB - 1. The Aplysia neurone R-15 was injected with the Ca(2+) sensitive dye arsenazo III. Changes in dye absorbance were measured with a differential spectrophotometer to monitor changes in the free internal Ca(2+) concentration, [Ca](i), during membrane depolarization and during intracellular Ca(2+) ion injection under voltage clamp conditions.2. The absorbance change, and thus [Ca](i), increases linearly with Ca(2+) injection intensity at constant duration. The absorbance change produced by a constant intensity Ca(2+) injection also increases with injection duration, but this increase is asymptotic.3. The Ca(2+) activated K(+) current, I(K, Ca), increases linearly with the increase in [Ca](i) and its rise and decay follows closely the time course of the absorbance change produced by internal Ca(2+) injection.4. The Ca(2+) activated K(+) conductance increases exponentially with membrane depolarization. The increase in K(+) conductance activated by a constant intensity and duration Ca(2+) injection is on average e-fold for a 25.3 mV change in membrane potential.5. The difference in net outward K(+) current measured during depolarizing pulses to different membrane potentials in normal and in Ca(2+) free ASW was used as an index of I(K, Ca). Its time course was approximately linear for the first 50-100 msec of depolarization, but for longer times the relation approached a maximum. Simultaneous measurements of the arsenazo III absorbance changes were broadly consistent with the activation of I(K, Ca) being brought about by the rise in [Ca](i) during a pulse.6. The relation between Ca(2+) activated K(+) conductance and membrane potential is bell shaped and resembles the absorbance vs. potential curve, but its maximum is displaced to more positive membrane potentials. The shift in the two curves on the voltage axis can be explained by the potential dependence of G(K, Ca).7. The net outward K(+) current measured with depolarizing voltage pulses in normal and in Ca(2+) free ASW is increased when [Ca](i) is elevated by internal Ca(2+) injection. With large and prolonged Ca(2+) injections the net outward current is depressed following the decline of [Ca](i).8. The time and frequency dependent depression of the net outward K(+) current which occurs during repetitive stimulation is shown to have no obvious temporal relation to the increase in [Ca](i). The depression is relieved by an increase in [Ca](i) caused by internal Ca(2+) injection.9. The net outward K(+) current measured with brief depolarizing pulses which approach the estimated Ca(2+) equilibrium potential and therefore do not cause Ca(2+) influx and accumulation is facilitated by a previous depolarizing pulse which causes a rise in [Ca](i)..10. The facilitation experiments also suggest that the activation of I(K, Ca) by [Ca](i) has a significant time constant. During a depolarizing pulse, the rise in [Ca](i) next to the membrane, and hence I(K, Ca) is expected to follow the square root of time, but a delay in the activation of I(K, Ca) by [Ca](i) could explain why the observed time course of I(K, Ca) is initially almost linear.11. The potential dependence of the Ca(2+) activated K(+) conductance can be explained if the internal Ca(2+) binding site is about half way through the membrane. PMID- 7230020 TI - The detection of gas bubbles in guinea-pigs after decompression from air saturation dives using ultrasonic imaging. AB - 1. Bubble formation in the hind limb of anaesthetized guinea-pigs, after decompression from two different saturation exposures to air, 0.69 and 0.83 MPa gauge, has been studied using an ultrasonic pulse--echo imaging technique. 2. A qualitative analysis of the bubble formation, observed over a 30 min period after decompression, showed that profuse, largely stationary bubble formation occurred within 3 min of the decompression from 0.83 MPa gauge but that extensive stationary bubble formation was not observed until 17 min after decompression from 0.69 MPa gauge. Electrocardiogram changes appeared coincidently with the appearance of major bubble formation after the 0.83 MPa decompression but after the 0.69 MPa decompression changes were not observed until the end of the 30 min surveillance period, considerably later than the occurrence of a large number of bubbles. 3. A quantitative analysis of the echo patterns recorded during the 60 sec decompression and for 60 sec after the decompression demonstrated that the increase in severity of the decompression corresponded to an increase of 152% in the number of bubbles observed. The echoes observed during this period have been identified as either transient or persistent and their distribution of size, location and times of appearance and duration have been described. 4. From the quantitative analysis approximate estimates of the contribution by mobile, intravascular gas bubbles to the elimination of the excess gas have been made. These estimates range from 0.01 to 0.9% after the 0.69 MPa decompression and from 0.06 to 6% after the 0.83 MPa decompression. 5. It is concluded that the pulse- echo ultrasonic imaging technique provides a powerful means of analysing the distributions of bubble formation, both qualitatively and quantitatively, after decompression; it has the important attribute of being able to monitor both moving and stationary bubbles simultaneously in a variety of tissue types. PMID- 7230019 TI - Voltage-clamp investigations of membrane currents underlying pace-maker activity in rabbit sino-atrial node. AB - 1. Small preparations of spontaneously beating rabbit sino-atrial node have been investigated using the two micro-electrode voltage-clamp technique. 2. Hyperpolarizing clamp pulses given from holding potentials of about -45 mV reveal a time-dependent change of a membrane current, if, which is shown to overlap the pace-maker range (-65 mV to -45 mV) for these preparations. 3. The changes in if are shown to be quite distinct from the de-activation of the time-dependent outward current, iK. 4. The time-dependent changes of the if system increase during adrenaline application and therefore contribute to the chronotropic action of adrenaline on the heart. 5. Evidence for a link between slow inward current (iSi) and time-dependent outward current (iK) in rabbit sino-atrial node is presented and assessed. PMID- 7230021 TI - The linear dynamic properties of phototransduction in the fly compound eye. AB - 1. Photoreceptor cells in the compound eye of the fly Phormia regina were stimulated with a green light emitting diode whose output was modulated by a pseudo-random noise generator while the resulting fluctuations in membrane potential were measured with intracellular microelectrodes. 2. The responses to repeated sequences of identical pseudorandom patterns were averaged together to give frequency response functions having a significantly improved signal to noise ratio at frequencies where the response has not previously been characterized accurately. 3. Measured frequency response functions could not be fitted by a set of simple exponential time constants but could be well fitted by a model including two under-damped second order time constants. 4. The phase data had no detectable asymptote and could only be accounted for by a model which includes a pure time delay. 5. Residual fluctuations in the phase data with frequency suggest that a small portion of the recorded signal arises from a delayed interaction with lateral or proximal cells. PMID- 7230022 TI - Pancreatic endocrine responses to stimulation of the peripheral ends of the splanchnic nerves in the conscious adrenalectomized calf. AB - 1. Certain effects of stimulation of the peripheral ends of both splanchnic nerves have been investigated in unanaesthetized calves, given appropriate adrenal steroid replacement therapy. 2. Splanchnic nerve stimulation at frequencies within the physiological range produced prompt rises in the concentration of glucose, pancreatic glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide in the arterial plasma. These responses were followed by a rapid rise in plasma insulin concentration when the stimulus was terminated. The extent of this rise was related to the plasma glucose concentration at that precise point in time. 3. Stimulation at all frequencies tested had no effect on the concentration of vasoactive intestinal peptide in lymph collected from the intestinal duct. 4. The results are discussed in relation to those obtained in previous studies in anaesthetized calves of the same age. PMID- 7230024 TI - Effects of vagotomy on drinking in the rat. AB - 1. Left or right cervical vagotomy caused elevated intakes of water after hypertonic saline, isoprenaline and polyethylene glycol compared with normal rats. In cervically vagotomized rats sodium nitrite caused a dose-dependent water intake whereas in normal rats it produced a smaller, more variable response. The same procedure also reduced the extent to which drinking following overnight water deprivation was inhibited by plasma volume expansion. Drinking after diazoxide or in response to ligation of the abdominal inferior vena cava was not affected by cervical vagotomy. 2. The antidiuresis that followed isoprenaline treatment was greater in cervically vagotomized than normal rats; that which occurred after caval ligation was unaffected. 3. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy did not alter water intake in response to hypertonic saline, isoprenaline or polyethylene glycol. 4. It is concluded that nerves within the supradiaphragmatic distribution of the vagi modify water intake in response to changes in the degree of vascular filling. PMID- 7230023 TI - Drinking and antidiuresis in response to reductions in venous return in the dog: neural and endocrine mechanisms. AB - 1. In order to investigate the mechanisms of hypovolaemic thirst and sodium appetite an inflatable balloon in the upper abdominal inferior vena cava was used to produce acute, graded and reversible reductions in venous return to the heart in conscious dogs. 2. Reducing venous return caused a fall in central venous, arterial and pulse pressures. Heart rate and venous pressure upstream from the point of inflation rose. 3. Within 6--28 min of inflating the balloon the dogs started drinking. The amount drunk in a 1 h experiment was significantly correlated with the changes in central venous and arterial pressures. 4. More prolonged obstruction to venous return led to a sustained increase in water intake and the development of a sodium appetite. 5. Plasma renin activity and concentration rose following caval obstruction. 6. Drinking in response to reductions in venous return was reduced, but not abolished, by simultaneous infusion of the competitive angiotensin II antagonist saralasin acetate. 7. When the left vagosympathetic nerve was blocked at the same time as balloon inflation the response was enhanced. 8. Urine flow fell after partial obstruction of the vena cava. Therefore drinking led to the development of a positive fluid balance. 9. We have shown that hypovolaemia is a potent and quantitatively defined stimulus to drinking in the dog and that the renal renin-angiotensin system makes an important contribution to it. PMID- 7230025 TI - The role of prostaglandins in the bronchoconstriction induced by pulmonary micro embolism in the guinea-pig. AB - 1. Respiratory resistance was measured by a forced oscillation technique in vagotomized guinea-pigs before and after pulmonary micro-embolism produced by I.V. injection of 0.5 ml./kg of 10% w/v BaSO4. Changes in quasi-static inspiratory compliance and arterial platelet count were also measured. 2. Micro embolic challenge with BaSO4 increased respiratory resistance by 27%; this was abolished by prior treatment with indomethacin; no change in the control resistance occurred after indomethacin. 3. No change in respiratory compliance or arterial platelet numbers were observed following low dose BaSO4 micro-embolism. This suggests that pulmonary micro-embolism produced a decrease in medium or large airway calibre, which was mediated by a prostaglandin-like substance from lung tissue, and did not require the presence of the vagus nerves. PMID- 7230026 TI - Release of oxytocin induced by salt loading and its influence on renal excretion in the male rat. AB - 1. The present study investigates the nature and magnitude of the renal response to plasma levels of oxytocin which might be induced by salt loading. 2. Increased plasma osmolality induced by loading with NaCl is an effective stimulus for oxytocin release in the unanaesthetized male rat. Plasma oxytocin concentration was positively correlated (r = 0-.77) with plasma osmolality. Plasma oxytocin (muu./ml.) = 0.37 x (plasma osmolality (m-osmole/kg) -297). 3. In anaesthetized Long Evans rats intra-atrial administration of oxytocin at rates of 0.05 and 0.15 m-u./ml. produced plasma hormone concentrations (5 +/- 1 and 16 +/- 2 mum./ml. respectively) within the range induced by salt loading. 4. Oxytocin administration at 0.15 and 1.5 m-u./min in Long Evans rats produced dose-related increases in urine flow and Na+ and Cl- excretion. Renal responses to 0.05 m-u. oxytocin/min were equivocal. 5. Oxytocin administration at 0.15 m-u./min was ineffective in Brattleboro rats but 1.5 m-u./min led to increased Na+ and Cl- excretion and a reduction in urine flow. 6. Plasma oxytocin levels similar to those induced by severe dehydration or salt loading are effective in increasing renal Na+ and Cl- excretion and urine flow. These effects on water and electrolyte excretion appear to be independent of each other and both may be modified by the presence or absence of vasopressin. 7. This study provides no evidence for a major role for oxytocin in the day to day regulation of salt or water balance under conditions of normal hydration in the male rat. PMID- 7230027 TI - Electrophysiological analysis of colchicine-induced supersensitivity in the rat vas deferens. AB - 1. The supersensitivity in smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens induced by local application of colchicine to the hypogastric plexus was investigated electrophysiologically. 2. Spontaneous junction potentials could be detected in nearly all of the impaled cells, but they occurred with lesser frequency and smaller amplitude in the colchicine-treated rat vas deferens than in the control tissue. However, this clearly demonstrated that, although attenuated, neuromuscular transmission still persisted after colchicine treatment. 3. The mean resting potential of smooth muscle cells of the colchicine-treated vas deferens (58.2 +/- 0.3 mV, n - 146) was not significantly different from that of the cells of the contralateral control tissue (58.1 +/- 0.2 mV, n = 130). 4. The threshold potential for action potentials induced by either nerve stimulation or extracellular current application was more negative by approximately 10 mV in the colchicine-treated vas deferens in comparison with the control tissue. 5. Externally applied current pulses of long duration failed to produce electrotonic potentials in any smooth muscle cell of normally innervated rat vas deferens which was located more than 0.5 mm from the partition electrode. In the colchicine-treated tissue, however, electrotonic potentials in the smooth muscle cell could be detected for a distance up to 2.5 mm from the partition electrode. The space constant in the colchicine-treated tissue was determined to be 0.79 +/- 0.02 mm (n = 10). 6. It is concluded that (i) the magnitude of depolarization from resting to threshold potentials in the colchicine-treated vas deferens was significantly smaller than that in the contralateral control tissue and (ii) that the current spread in a longitudinal direction was improved following colchicine treatment. PMID- 7230028 TI - The effect of scorpion venoms on the sodium currents of the squid giant axon. AB - 1. The effect of externally applied scorpion venoms (0.1--0.5 mg/ml., species Leiurus quinquestriatus and Centruroides sculpturatus) on the Na currents of intracellularly perfused squid giant axons has been studied with the voltage clamp method. 2. The venoms from the two species had the same effect. They reduced the size of the peak conductance but had little effect on its kinetics (time to peak, time constant of inactivation) and on its steady-state inactivation. The venoms increased markedly, however, the maintained conductance and the time constants of its turning-on and turning-off. 3. The voltage dependence of the maintained conductance was determined (a) by fitting a modified Hodgkin--Huxley equation to the Na currents and (b) by measuring the tail currents at the end of depolarizing pulses. The maintained conductance rose with increasing depolarization from a minimum at -20 mV to a maximum at 40 mV. The peak conductance, by contrast, was constant in the positive potential range. 4. The ratio maintained conductance in venom to maintained conductance in control varied between 2 and 7 (depending on the venom concentration and the time of treatment) and was not significantly dependent on membrane potential. 5. Peak current and maintained current reversed sign at the same potential and were both blocked by tetrodotoxin. 6. During a pulse to -2 mV preceded by a pre-pulse to 42 mV the Na conductance showed a rapid initial increase followed by a slower decay and a subsequent slow increase, reflecting the activation and inactivation of the peak conductance and the slow development of the maintained conductance. 7. Many of the observations are compatible with the idea that scorpion venoms increase the number of channels which go from the peak conductance state into the maintained conductance state (open in equilibrium or formed from closed in equilibrium or formed from open transition of the inactivation gate, see Chandler & Meves (1970 a, b)). But the alternative hypothesis that peak conductance and maintained conductance reflect two separate populations of Na channels cannot be ruled out. PMID- 7230030 TI - Neural mechanisms of spatial tactile discrimination: neural patterns evoked by braille-like dot patterns in the monkey. AB - 1. The experiments reported here were designed to investigate the responses of cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents to spatially configured dot patterns scanned across the skin. Braille-like patterns were selected because the discrimination of Braille characters must depend on spatial patterning rather than some other facet of the afferent discharge. 2. A multifactorial experimental design was used in which each afferent fibre was studied using every combination of six dot patterns, two dot sizes, two dot spacings, two contact forces and two scanning velocities. Two other factors, scanning direction relative to the skin ridges and intermittent versus continuous scanning, were studied. 3. Beside the general question concerning the response properties of the mechanoreceptive afferents, three major questions were addressed here. (i) What is the critical spatial dimension at which neural spatial patterning breaks down and below which tactual discrimination must depend on facets of the afferent discharge other than spatial neural patterning? (ii) Which mechanoreceptive population sets this critical dimension? (iii) Why is tactual discrimination enhanced by lateral scanning? 4. The results presented here suggest that the critical dimension, below which spatial neural patterning breaks down, is of the order of 1.0 mm and that the slowly adapting (SA) afferent fibres are responsible for this limit. 5. At dimensions above approximately 1.0 mm the spatial contrast between peaks and troughs in the SA discharge is markedly enhanced during scanning. When the skin is stationary the discharge rates in the SA population drop rapidly to low levels. A second possible reason for enhanced tactual discrimination during scanning is related to the increased spatiotemporal information in a coherent pattern of neural activity moving across a discrete population of afferent fibres. 6. The effects of variations in conduction velocity are analysed and it is shown that they place serious constraints on the transmission of spatiotemporal information. PMID- 7230029 TI - Evidence that the human jaw stretch reflex increases the resistance of the mandible to small displacements. AB - 1. Small 'step' or sinusoidal displacements were imposed on the mandible while human subjects maintained an average biting force of 10 N. Phase-related changes in the force resisting sinusoidal displacement were used to determine the mechanical stiffness of the human mandibular system as a function of the frequency of stretching. 2. Jaw-muscle electromyographic (e.m.g.) responses to 'step' stretches were of 8 msec latency and generated a very substantial force response. Jaw-muscle e.m.g. responses having longer latency were not observed. 3. The mechanical stiffness of the human mandible was relatively constant as a function of the frequency of stretching, having a typical magnitude of about 15 N/mm (+/- 200 micrometers stretch) or 10 N/mm (+/- 1500 micrometers stretch) at mean biting forces of 10 N. The force resisting displacement was phase-advanced at all frequencies. 4. Modulation of jaw muscle electrical activity evoked by sinusoidal stretches increased in amplitude as a function of increasing stretch frequency. E.m.g. modulation was 60--100 degrees advanced at frequencies of 1--10 Hz, but the phase decreased at higher frequencies, becoming negative (lagging stretch) at frequencies of 30 Hz and above. These characteristics are consistent with the idea that the jaw stretch reflex is dependent on jaw muscle spindle afferent fibres exciting jaw-closing motoneurones by relatively direct (but not necessarily monosynaptic) connexions. 5. The relationship between jaw-muscle activity and voluntary fluctuations of isometric biting force suggests that human jaw muscles can be modelled as a second-order linear 'filter'. The corner frequency for human jaw muscle is about 3 Hz; thus it would appear to be considerably slower than jaw muscle of monkeys. 6. The reflex stiffness of the human mandible, estimated quantitatively on the assumption that human jaw muscle stiffness is similar to the intrinsic stiffness of the gastrocnemius of the cat, ranges between 5 and 9 N/mm at frequencies between 1 and 8 Hz. Since this reflex stiffness is about the same as muscle stiffness in this frequency range, we conclude that the stretch reflex of the human mandible contributes functionally to its postural stability. 7. Reflex stiffness appears to be greater in the monkey mandible relative to muscle stiffness than in the human mandible. The difference is argued to be a manifestation of the difference in jaw muscle contraction speed between the two species. 8. The fact that the mandibular stretch reflex appears to be stronger than the stretch reflex of the limbs of intact animals and humans is discussed in terms of the special anatomical and functional features of the mandible. PMID- 7230032 TI - Subthreshold and near-threshold membrane currents in lobster stretch receptor neurones. AB - 1. The ion currents in the slowly and rapidly adapting stretch receptor neurone of lobster were investigated with respect to their nature and stationary kinetics in sub- and near-threshold voltage regions using electrophysiological and pharmacological techniques. 2. In both neurones the following currents were identified: (a) a tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na current, (b) a tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine-sensitive K current, (c) a Co (or Mn)-sensitive Ca-dependent K current, (d) an ouabain-sensitive pump current and (e) a remaining leak current carried mainly by Na, K and Cl. 3. In suprathreshold voltage regions the balance between the individual membrane currents leads to the formation of a stationary negative conductance (negative slope in the voltage dependence of the ionic current) in the slowly, but not in the rapidly adapting cell. 4. These observations are compatible with the fact that during prolonged suprathreshold stimulation a stationary low frequency impulse during is possible in the slowly adapting cell, whereas in the rapidly adapting cell it is not. PMID- 7230033 TI - Synaptic action mediating cone responses to annular illumination in the retina of the larval tiger salamander. AB - 1. Responses of salamander cones to steps of light on their surrounding area were intracellularly recorded through micropipettes filled with 2 M-potassium acetate or 2 M-potassium chloride. 2. Using 2 M-potassium acetate, cone step responses showed a larger relaxation for a 1100 micrometers diameter spot than for a 100 micrometers spot, but dim annular illumination failed to evoke any detectable response. With 2 M-potassium chloride the larger spot or an anulus evoked responses that were mainly or purely depolarizing, respectively, while the responses to the smaller spot were still hyperpolarizing. 3. The depolarizing response to annular illumination had an increased amplitude immediately after discontinuing the injection of inward current through a micropipette filled with 2 M-potassium chloride. 4. Depolarization by extrinsic current reversed the polarity of the depolarizing response to annular illumination. 5. It is suggested that the enhancement of the depolarizing influence of the surround is due to an increase in the intracellular concentration of chloride ions, which issue from the electrodes by passive diffusion or electrophoresis. Taking into consideration the effect of depolarizing current, it would follow that surround illumination induces an increase in the chloride conductance of the cone membrane. 6. Preliminary observations on the properties of the enhanced surround response reveal a slow time course and a receptive field of more than 270 micrometers radius. PMID- 7230031 TI - Beta-bungarotoxin stimulates the synthesis and accumulation of acetylcholine in rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations. AB - 1. The effects of beta-bungarotoxin on acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis, tissue content and release have been studied in the rat diaphragm. A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay was used to measure ACh and choline. 2. Within 30 min, beta-bungarotoxin (0.14 or 1.4 micrograms/ml.) caused a significant increase in tissue ACh content. This increase was apparent prior to the final inhibition by beta-bungarotoxin of evoked (10 Hz) ACh release. 3. The toxin enhanced the incorporation of [2H4]Ch into [2H4]ACh in both resting and stimulated preparations. 4. Hemicholinium-3 blocked the rise in diaphragm ACh normally produced by beta-bungarotoxin. 5. Beta-Bungarotoxin did not directly activate choline acetyltransferase in muscle homogenates. 6. The toxin-induced rise in tissue ACh was largely absent in Ca2+-free solutions which contained either EGTA (1 mM) or SrCl2 (2 or 10 mM). 7. Non-neurotoxic phospholipases A2, fatty acids and the neurotoxic phospholipase A2, notexin, did not cause ACh accumulation in the diaphragm. 8. Beta-Bungarotoxin did not stimulate ACh synthesis in denervated muscle. 9. The extra ACh which accumulated after beta-bungarotoxin did not contribute to enhanced release by nerve impulses even when 4-aminopyridine was added to the medium. High K+ solution and black widow spider venom were also ineffective in increasing output from toxin-treated diaphragms relative to controls that had not been treated with beta-bungarotoxin. 10. Prior injection of a rat with botulinum toxin prevented the accumulation of ACh due to beta bungarotoxin. Tubocurarine, however, did not antagonize beta-bungarotoxin. 11. These data indicate that beta-bungarotoxin has a unique capacity to inhibit ACh release and stimulate ACh synthesis in diaphragm nerve endings. The results are discussed in terms of a possible action of beta-bungarotoxin to raise the level of ionized Ca in the nerve terminal cytosol. PMID- 7230034 TI - The effects of early visual experience on the cat's visual cortex and their possible explanation by Hebb synapses. AB - 1. Kittens were dark-reared until 4-6 weeks old, and then for another 4-7 weeks with various combinations of cylindrical lenses, monocular occlusion, and normal vision. 2. Single unit recordings from 816 neurones of the visual cortex (area 17) were obtained after the end of exposure. Clear-cut effects on the distributions of the neurones' ocular dominance and orientation preference were found yielding close correlations with the rearing conditions. 3. It was confirmed that most cortical neurones prefer vertical stimulus orientations when experience is restricted to vertical contours in both eyes. It was further confirmed that, if the experienced orientations are different in the two eyes, each eye dominates over those neurones whose orientation preference corresponds to the orientation this eye has experienced. 4. When one eye is covered while the other sees only contours of one orientation, the ocular dominance distribution of cortical neurones shows a bias towards the open eye. Neurones dominated by this eye prefer orientations corresponding to the experienced range. Neurones preferring other orientations are shared between both eyes. 5. When vision is unimpaired in one eye and restricted to vertical contours in the other, binocularity is common among neurones preferring vertical orientations. Neurones with orientation preferences off the vertical are mainly monocular and dominated by the eye with unrestricted vision. 6. When normal monocular vision of one eye precedes restricted monocular vision of the other eye, only a few binocular units are encountered. Reversal of the initial effects of monocular experience is found only in neurones preferring the orientation that has been experienced by the newly opened eye. The other neurones remain dominated by the originally open eye. Thus, complementary distributions of orientation preferences are found for the two eyes. 7. A good correlation was found between the amount of orientational experience as determined by the number of orientations exposed and the number of normally tuned neurones. Conversely, the number of neurones responding to all orientations decreases with increasing amount of experience. PMID- 7230035 TI - Patterns of motor innervation in the pectoral muscle of adult Xenopus laevis: evidence for possible synaptic remodelling. AB - 1. An anatomical and electrophysiological study was performed on the pectoral muscle of Xenopus laevis. 2. Silver-impregnated preparations revealed immature endings, collateral and terminal sprouting and signs of synaptic regression. 3. Twenty percent of the fibres received a dual innervation from two different nerves. The synapses of 25% of these fibres are formed in close vicinity. 4. Some of the singly innervated and most of the dually innervated end-plates generated only subthreshold electrical activity. Synaptic efficacy in dually innervated muscle fibres with closely spaced or distant endings was, on the average, one third and two thirds, respectively, of that obtained in singly innervated fibres. 5. Fibres with subthreshold electrical activity displayed normal ACh sensitivity. 6. The existence of non-transmitting synapses, of dually innervated end-plate sites and of morphological signs of the sprouting of new endings and the degeneration of old ones suggests that synaptic remodelling may occur in normal adult muscles. PMID- 7230036 TI - An energy-dependent, sodium-independent component of active p-aminohippurate transport in rabbit renal cortex. AB - 1. The relation between the coupling of metabolic energy to renal p aminohippurate (PAH) accumulation and Na+-K+ transport was studied in rabbit cortical slices. 2. Cyanide (CN-), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and fluoride (F-( at low-medium concentrations, giving rise to a slight decline of tissue ATP concentration, caused a reduction o PAH accumulation without significantly affecting intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations. However, higher levels of the metabolic inhibitors also resulted in considerable inhibition of active Na+-K+ transport. 3. The rate of carrier-mediated PAH uptake was slow under anaerobic conditions, relative to that measured under aerobic conditions in Na+-depleted slices. In the latter case the maximal accumulation achieved was only 1.55 +/- 0.16. 4. The uptake rate of PAH under anaerobic conditions was not inhibited by the absence of Na+ or addition of metabolic inhibitors in the concentrations used under aerobic conditions. 5. It is concluded that although Na+ is required for the attainment of high accumulation ratios of PAH, oxidative metabolism stimulates PAH flux by a Na+-independent mechanism. PMID- 7230037 TI - Experimental analysis of the gait and frequency of locomotion in the tortoise, with a simple mathematical description. AB - 1. Voluntary locomotion of the tortoise Testudo graeca was investigated over a range of experimental conditions. 2. The swing and stance intervals of the step cycles of individual limbs and the interlimb intervals were shown to depend only upon the locomotor cycle duration independent of experimental conditions. 3. The gait is described by four simple equations, valid for all animals and conditions tested, with locomotor cycle duration as the only independent variable. 4. The observed frequency of locomotion was shown to be related to body weight, cloacal temperature, and walking surface ina manner which can be described by a single equation. 5. The implications of these findings for vertebrate locomotion are discussed. PMID- 7230039 TI - Drinking and changes in blood pressure in response to angiotensin II in the pigeon Columba livia. AB - 1. Angiotensin II is as potent a stimulus to drink in pigeons as it is in mammals. There are striking similarities in the action of this peptide in pigeons and mammals. 2. Angiotensin II injected intracranially, I.V. or I.P. consistently caused short-latency and vigorous drinking in pigeons but no other behaviour. Drinking was completed rapidly and intakes were very large, sometimes in excess of 10% of the bird's body weight. 3. The latency to drink and the amount drunk were dose dependent for all routes of injection. Angiotensin II was most effective when injected directly into the brain. As little as 10(-4) mol angiotensin II injected into the cerebral ventricles caused birds to drink. 4. The rapid cessation of drinking after intracranial injection of angiotensin II was not caused by rapid loss of activity of the peptide in the brain but by the actual ingestion of the water. 5. The brain sites most sensitive to the dipsogenic action of angiotensin II in the pigeon were the dorsal and ventral third ventricle, the tissue adjacent and anterior to these sites, and the lateral ventricles. The lateral hypothalamic area was only slightly less sensitive. Negative sites for drinking were found in the lateral forebrain and the hind brain. These findings are similar to those in mammals. 6. Pigeons drank during I.V. infusion of as little as 16 X 10(-12) mol angiotensin II kg-1 min-1. This was near the threshold for increasing arterial pressure in pigeons and is near the threshold for drinking in rats and dogs. 7. The Asn1, Asp1, Val5 and Ile5 analogues of angiotensin II were equipotent as stimuli to drink but a wide range of other peptides and drugs injected into the brain failed to increase water intake. An exception was eledoisin which was, comparing molecule with molecule, only 10-100 times less potent than angiotensin II in the pigeon. 8. Injections of angiotensin II into brain sites which caused drinking failed to alter heart rate or arterial pressure in pigeons. 9. This and other recent studies demonstrate the wide phylogenetic distribution of the dipsogenic action of angiotensin II and support the idea that the control of water intake is an important physiological function of the renin-angiotensin system in vertebrates. PMID- 7230038 TI - Effects of external cations on calcium efflux from single cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli and porcine coronary artery. AB - 1. Single smooth muscle cells were prepared from the guinea-pig taenia coli and the porcine coronary artery by treatment with collagenase, in order to measure the 45Ca flux with special reference to the effects of external cations. 2. In excess [K]o solution, cell suspensions prepared from both tissues showed an increased 45Ca uptake within 3-5 min. In Na-free solution, the cells prepared from taenia coli, but not from coronary artery showed an increased 45Ca uptake. The Ca uptake of the cells paralleled with the tension increase recorded from tissues of both species. 3. The efflux of 45Ca into Ca-free EGTA containing solution was markedly increased by [Na]o in cells from the taenia coli, but not in cells from the coronary artery. 4. The [Na]o-activated 45Ca efflux from cells of the taenia coli was slightly larger in Ca-free solution than in the Ca containing (10)-4) M) solution. Depolarization of membranes produced by excess [K]o did not effect the [Na]o-activated 45Ca efflux. 5. Increase in [Na]i by treatment with K-free solution suppressed the [Na]o-activated 45Ca efflux in the taenia coli. Re-addition of [K]o reactivated the [Na]o-activated 45Ca efflux. This re-activation was blocked by ouabain. 6. The efflux of 45Ca was slightly activated by [Ca]o in cells from the taenia coli. This [ca]o-activated 45Ca efflux was larger in Na-free solution than in Na-containing solution, thus suggesting interactions between [Na]o and [Ca]o on the Ca efflux. 7. In cells from the taenia coli, 45Ca efflux could still be observed in nominally Na-and Ca free solution. This residual 45Ca efflux made a large contribution to the total 45Ca efflux. 8. When 45Ca uptake was measured in Na-free (Tris) solution, the [Na]o-activated, [Ca]o-activated and residual 45Ca effluxes of cells from the taenia coli were accelerated, non-selectively. 9. These results obtained with cells prepared from the guinea-pig taenia coli are comparable to the Ca2+ efflux mechanism seen in the squid axon. However, maintenance of low concentrations of [Ca]i seems to require not only the above three 45Ca efflux mechanisms, but also Ca sequestering mechanisms in the cell. PMID- 7230040 TI - Common interneurones in reflex pathways from group 1a and 1b afferents of knee flexors and extensors in the cat. AB - 1. Input from group I afferents of knee flexors and extensors to interneurones in Rexed's laminae V-VI in the cat spinal cord was analysed by use of intracellular recording and electrical stimulation of the nerves to differentiate between group Ia and Ib synaptic actions. The aim was to find out if these interneurones may mediate synaptic actions of both group Ia and Ib afferents. 2. 28% of the forty nine neurones analysed were excited by both group Ia and group Ib afferents; 32% were inhibited by both and 35% were excited by the one and inhibited by the other. Taking into account all of these actions, input from both subgroups of group I afferents was found in nearly 60% of neurones. Most were also excited and/or inhibited by group I afferents of ankle and toe extensors. 3. Selective (excitatory and/or inhibitory) input from Ia afferents was found in 18% and from Ib afferents in 22% of the neurones. 4. Excitation was evoked from Ia afferents of either knee flexors or extensors but not from both. In several of the neurones Ia i.p.s.p.s were, however, evoked from both posterior biceps-semitendinosus and quadriceps. 5. Intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase revealed axonal projections of laminae V-VI interneurones to motor nuclei as well as to the intermediate zone, ipsilateral as well as contralateral. No correlation was found between patterns of input from group I afferents and axonal projections, and interneurones co-excited by Ia and Ib afferents were among these with different axonal projections. PMID- 7230041 TI - Common interneurones in reflex pathways from group 1a and 1b afferents of ankle extensors in the cat. AB - 1. Input from group I afferents of ankle and toe extensors, other muscles, skin nerves and descending tracts to interneurones of Rexed's laminae V-VI in the cat spinal cord was analysed using intracellular recording from these interneurones. Adequate stimuli (muscle stretches) were used to activate selectively group Ia muscle spindle afferents of triceps surae and plantaris while other fibre systems were excited electrically. 2. Ia and Ib afferents of ankle and toe extensors were found to co-excite, co-inhibit or exert opposite synaptic actions in 41, 33, and 50% of the analysed interneurones, respectively. Taking into account both excitatory and inhibitory input from these two groups of afferents, 64% of the interneurones appeared to be used in common in reflex pathways from muscle spindles and tendon organs of ankle and toe extensors. 3. Selective input from Ib afferents of triceps surae and plantaris (excitation and/or inhibition) was found in 36% of the interneurones; there was evidence for a similarly selective input from Ia afferents. 4. A great majority (over 90%) of the interneurones excited by group I afferents were also inhibited by group I afferents, from either the same or other muscles. 5. Both monosynaptic and disynaptic e.p.s.p.s from Ia and/or Ib afferents from other muscles and from fibres in the ipsilateral funiculi were found in a great proportion of the same interneurones, together with disynaptic e.p.s.p.s from low threshold cutaneous afferents. 6. Intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase revealed four different patterns of axonal projections of the analysed interneurones: (i) projections to motor nuclei and the intermediate region, (ii and III) projections only to the intermediate region, locally or combined with projections to different rostro-caudal levels, and (iv) projections to the opposite side of the spinal cord. 7. A large proportion of interneurones projecting to motor nuclei displayed input from both Ia and Ib afferents although such an input was a feature of interneurones with other projections as well. No systematic differences in the input from group I afferents were found for interneurones with different axonal projections. In contrast disynaptic e.p.s.p.s of cutaneous origin and monosynaptic e.p.s.p.s upon stimulation of ipsilateral spinal tracts appeared predominantly in interneurones projecting to motor nuclei. PMID- 7230042 TI - The dipsogenic activity of prolactin in male and female rats. AB - 1. Ovine prolactin injected intravenously in doses of 10.0, 5.0, 1.0, 0.1 and 0 mg/kg body wt. caused neither drinking nor a change in urine output in normal water replete male and female rats. 2. The water intake of male rats subjected to 48 hr water deprivation was substantially increased after injection of prolactin. 3. The water intake of male and female rats injected I.P. with a hyperoncotic solution of polyethylene glycol (20 M) was significantly increased after injection of prolactin. 4. Prolactin ws found to act synergistically with a subthreshold dose of angiotensin II amide to cause significant drinking and fluid retention. 5. The drinking responses of male and female rats injected I.V. with hypertonic saline were not modified by prolactin. 6. It is concluded that prolactin may act to increase the net water gain of animals suffering a deficit of the extracellular fluid space but is without effect on stimuli arising from deficits in the intracellular fluid space. PMID- 7230043 TI - Electrical activity from smooth muscle of the anal sphincteric area of the cat. AB - 1. The electrical activities of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle of the anal sphincteric area have been studied in the cat. 2. Electromyographic recordings were achieved with extracellular electrodes, in vivo on acute and chronic animals, and in vitro on the isolated organ. In addition, electrical and mechanical activities were recorded from muscle strips with the sucrose gap technique. 3. Circular muscle coat electrical activity consisted exclusively of slow variations of the membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells. Each slow potential variation was followed by a contraction. 4. The electrical activity and the concomitant contractions were tetrodotoxin resistant (10(-6) g/ml.). Both disappeared in Ca-free solution or in the presence of Mn ions (10(-3) M). 5. On circular muscle, noradrenaline (10(-8)-10(-7) g/ml. in vitro, or 0.1-0.15 mg/kg in vivo) had an excitatory effect consisting in an increase of slow potential frequency. The action of noradrenaline was antagonized by phentolamine (10(-6) 10(-5) g/ml. in vitro, or 0.2 mg/kg in vivo). 6. On circular muscle, acetylcholine (10(-8)-10(-6) g/ml.), used exclusively on muscle strips, did never produce any clear cut effect. 7. Longitudinal muscle coat electrical activity consisted of spike potentials superimposed on slow time course depolarizations which were never observed alone. Each spike was followed by a contraction. This electrical activity was tetrodotoxin resistant (10(-6) g/ml.). 8. Longitudinal muscle activity was abolished by noradrenaline (10(-6) g/ml.) and enhanced by acetylcholine (10(-8)-10(-6) g/ml.). The action of noradrenaline was antagonized by propranolol (0.2 mg/kg I.V.; 10(-6) g/ml.) and that of acetylcholine by atropine (10(-7) g/ml.). 9. Electrophysiological and pharmacological data indicate that electromechanical coupling is achieved (1) in circular muscle, through Ca dependent slow variations in membrane potential of the muscle cells and (2) in longitudinal muscle, through spike potentials. Noradrenaline has opposite effects on the two muscle coats: circular muscle is excited through alpha-receptors located on muscle cells membrane; longitudinal muscle is inhibited through beta-receptors. Acetylcholine excites longitudinal muscle through muscarinic receptors, but it has no effect on circular muscle. PMID- 7230044 TI - Nervous control of the internal anal sphincter of the cat. AB - 1. The effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent nerve stimulation on the activity of longitudinal and circular coats of th anal sphincteric area have been studied on acute animals using extracellular electrical recordings. In addition, the effect of intramural sympathetic nerves stimulation has been investigated on anal sphincteric circular muscle, with the sucrose gap technique. 2. Hypogastric nerve stimulation elicited in anal sphincteric circular muscle slow time course depolarization responses (latency 200-400 msec) which were abolished by alpha-adrenergic blockers (dihydroergotamine, phentolamine). 3. Stimulation of the parasympathetic outflow to the internal anal sphincter (second ventral sacral root: VS2) inhibited spontaneous electrical activity of the circular muscle. Pharmacological arguments lead to the conclusion that the inhibition induced by VS2 stimulation is mediated through intramural non adrenergic non-cholinergic (purinergic) inhibitory neurones. 4. Rectal distension caused an inhibition of the anal sphincteric circular muscle activity which persisted in the presence of atropine, phentolamine and propranolol, indicating that this inhibition was produced by non-adrenergic non-cholinergic intramural neurones. 5. VS2 stimulation produced only an activation of the longitudinal muscle of the sphincteric area, which was abolished by hexamethonium and atropine; in contrast, hypogastric nerve stimulation gave rise to an inhibition which was blocked by propranolol. These results indicate that the longitudinal muscle receives (1) an excitatory innervation from preganglionic parasympathetic nerves connected with intramural cholinergic neurones, and (2) an inhibitory sympathetic innervation from noradrenergic axons running in the hypogastric nerves. No inhibitory no-adrenergic non-cholinergic innervation was observed in the longitudinal muscle in response to VS2 stimulation. 6. The results obtained from simultaneous stimulation of VS2 and hypogastric nerves indicate that in the anal sphincteric circular muscle the release of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves is modulated by cholinergic receptors located on noradrenergic nerve endings, muscarinic receptors which can abolish the release of noradrenaline, and probably nicotinic receptors which increase the noradrenaline release. The eventual functional significance of the nicotinic receptors is discussed. PMID- 7230045 TI - Increased myometrial blood flow evoked by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the non-pregnant goat. AB - 1. The effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on myometrial blood flow was evaluated in anaesthetized goats. A solution of VIP, or vehicle alone, was infused into the right internal iliac artery for a period of 10 min. The myometrial blood flow in both uterine horns was measured from the third to the seventh min of the infusion by the gas clearance technique after local injection of (133)xenon in 10 mul. saline solution. Blood samples were collected from both utero-ovarian veins 5 min from the onset of the infusion and the plasma concentration of VIP determined by radio-immunoassay.2. During infusion of vehicle before VIP, myometrial blood flow was of the same magnitude in both uterine horns, i.e. 0.06-0.12 ml./min per g. The blood flow of the right horn increased to 0.20-0.39 ml./min per g during infusion of VIP (300 p-mole/min) in the ipsilateral artery, whilst that of the left horn rose to 0.13-0.26 ml./min per g. The effect was sometimes observed to last for more than 40 min.3. Increased myometrial blood flow was observed with infusion rates down to 3 p mole/min. Once a response to VIP had been provoked, however, the vasculature sometimes became refractory to further stimulation.4. The plasma concentration of VIP increased in both utero-ovarian veins during unilateral infusion of the peptide.5. Methylene blue given through the infusion catheter stained tissue in both uterine horns, further evidencing that their blood supply is not entirely separate.6. Uterine motility was observed to diminish during the VIP infusions.7. During infusion of VIP (300 p-mole/min) heart rate rose from 146 +/- 6 to 158 +/- 7 beats/min. No significant change occurred in arterial blood pressure.8. It is concluded that the increase in blood flow is due to a local response and that, since VIP has been demonstrated in uterine nerve endings, it may act as a neuro transmitter mediating vasodilatation in the uterus. PMID- 7230047 TI - Capillary increase in the skeletal muscle of trained young and adult rats. AB - 1. Capillaries in skeletal muscle were studied before and after physical training by prolonged swimming, in young and adult rats. 2. The mean area of striated muscle fibres was unchanged in both young and adult rats after training. 3. Training increased the capillary vasculature of skeletal muscle in both young and adult rats, but proportionally less in the adults. PMID- 7230046 TI - Sympathetic modulation of mechanoreceptor sensitivity in frog skin. AB - 1. Sympathetic effects on the mechanical sensitivity of frog cutaneous mechanoreceptors were examined in vivo. 2. Functionally identified units were tested with repetitive mechanical stimuli of threshold intensity during electrical stimulation of the sympathetic trunk. 3. Sympathetic activity resulted in increased sensitivity for three classes of afferents; slowly adapting compression receptors, slowly adapting stroke receptors, and rapidly adapting stroke receptors. Decreased sensitivity was produced in the fourth class, rapidly adapting compression receptors. 4. Preliminary tets of several possible modes of sympathetic influence indicated that blood flow changes, changes in probe-skin coupling and changes in tissue compliance could not account for the observed changes in receptor sensitivity. Na+ and Cl- ions, secreted by cutaneous mucous glands were found to be possible contributors to the decreased sensitivity of rapidly adapting compression receptors. Direct neurotransmitter action on the receptors, a likely mechanism of sympathetic action, was not tested. 5. The data indicate that systematic changes in cutaneous sensibility occur with modest changes in sympathetic efferent activity. Possible mechanisms of these sympathetic effects are discussed. PMID- 7230048 TI - [Basal ganglia. Seminars of the Institute of Neurophysiology and Psychophysiology of the National Center for Scientific Research, Marseilles 9-10 November 1979]. PMID- 7230049 TI - [Impairments in initiation and execution of a visually-guided movement in baboon during cooling or after lesion of the internal pallidal segment (author's transl)]. AB - In the present experiment, the participation of the internal part of the globus pallidus (GP) in the initiation and the execution of a pointing movement was investigated in four baboons (Papio papio). The effects of GP exclusion on the response latency, the movement execution time and the pointing accuracy were analyzed. Two different methods were used to exclude the GP. In two cases, cryogenic blockade was induced using a chronic cryoprobe, implanted contralaterally to the operant hand. Two other animals underwent a partial electrolytic destruction of the GP, contralateral to the active hand. The effects of GP exclusion on reaction times, movement times and pointing accuracy were compared for movements with variable amplitudes and directions. For all animals, the GP exclusion resulted in a decrease in reaction time, but an increase in movement time and spatial error. None of these modifications was increased by variations in the biomechanic characteristics of the movement. These data show that the GP, in baboons, is concerned with: (a) the initiation of a pointing movement (without playing a critical role in the encoding of amplitude and direction parameters); and (b) the execution of this movement. The possible involvement of the GP in sensory-motor integration, postural adjustments and muscular synergy is discussed. PMID- 7230050 TI - [The dopaminergic innervation of neostriatum: a new possibility of radioautographic investigation (author's transl)]. AB - Precise knowledge of the ultrastructural features and interneuronal relationships of dopaminergic (DA) axon terminals or varicosities in neostriatum is still lacking. This ignorance is due to current limitations of the methods applicable to their specific visualization at electron microscopic level. High resolution radioautography, in particular, has not yet permitted a clearcut identification of the DA nerve endings which take up and store exogenous catecholamines in vivo, due to an apparent mobilization of tracer during standard histological preparative procedures for light and electron microscopy (Fig. 1 A). In this context, histological processing of the central nervous system by vascular perfusion, tested in adult rats subjected to prolonged lateroventricular instillation of [3H]DA, led to the following results and conclusions: 1 Axonal varicosities having accumulated [3H]DA in vivo may be detected in great number in the ipsilateral paraventricular neostriatum (Figs. 1 B and 1 C). 2 The specificity of this radioautographic labelling is evidenced by: (a) its disappearance or persistance, depending on the addition of a high concentration of non-radioactive noradrenaline or serotonin to the [3H]DA solution (Fig. 1 C); (b) the absence of labelled axonal varicosities in the supraependymal region (Figs. 2 E and 2 F) and suprachiasmatic nucleus (Fig. 1 E to be compared with 1 F) after administration of [3H]DA alone; (c) the absence of any localized accumulation of [3H]DA in neostriatum following prior destruction of the nigro striatal DA system by 6-hydroxydopamine (Fig. 1 D). 3 It seems that carrying out the double fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium by vascular perfusion is the prerequisite for retaining in situ the [3H]DA accumulated in vivo by neostriatal nerve endings. 4 Preliminary ultrastructural examination shows that the DA axonal varicosities of paraventricular neostriatum are of small caliber (mean diameter: 0.5 micron) and mostly contain clear synaptic vesicles, occasionally associated with a few larger dense-core vesicles (figs. 2 A-D). Several of these nerve endings establish axo-dendritic synaptic junctions (Fig. 2 C) and a few, perhaps, axo-somatic contacts (Fig. 2 D). PMID- 7230051 TI - [Influence of dopamine on pars reticulata neurones of substantia nigra (author's transl)]. AB - 1 Dendrites of the dopamine neurones of pars compacta extend into pars reticulata of substantia nigra. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether dendritically released dopamine would be able to influence pars reticulata neurones. 2 In order to test this hypothesis, we have studied the effects of iontophoretically applied dopamine on pars reticulata neurones of substantia nigra in rats under chloralhydrate and under urethane anaesthesia. 3 The dopamine neurones of pars compacta and the neurones of pars reticulata were distinguished by their histological localization (Fig. 1 A) and their electrophysiological characteristics (Fig. 2). Sixty percent of reticulata neurones were antidromically excited from ipsilateral ventromedial thalamus (Fig. 4). 4 Both nigrothalamic and non-nigrothalamic neurones of pars reticulata were activated by iontophoretically applied dopamine, but never depressed (Fig. 5). This effect was blocked by iontophoretically applied fluphenazine. 5 The percentage of reticulata neurones excited by dopamine depended upon the anaesthetic agent: 39% when chloralhydrate, 8% when urethane was used (Table I). 6 As described before by others, dopamine neurones were depressed by dopamine (82%), but never excited (Fig. 6). This effect was also sensitive to fluphenazine. 7 The present results would support the concept that dendritically released dopamine not only affects other nigral dopamine neurones, but also influences non-dopaminergic nigral neurones, some of which project outside the basal ganglia. PMID- 7230052 TI - [Angiotensin II and nigostriatal system (author's transl)]. AB - The central renin-angiotensin system is implicated most importantly in the control of water balance, blood pressure and endocrine function (AVP and ACTH). Several central structures are sensitive to angiotensin II (A II), principally: the subfornical organ, the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, the area postrema and the preoptic area. Furthermore, binding studies with radio-active ligands and also immunohistofluorescence have shown respectively the presence of A II receptors and immunoreactive material bound by A II antibodies in other central structures, and in particular parts of the motor system. In the present study, a double approach, both electrophysiological and biochemical, was used to investigate the possible role of the peptide A II in the neostriatum of the rat. 1 Microiontophoretic application of A II was shown to modify the spontaneous activity of some neurones (15/68) in the neostriatum. Generally, the action of A II was inhibitory and the inhibition was blocked by Sar1-Ileu8-A II, a specific A II antagonist. 2 Angiotensin II 10(-6) M; 10(-5) M; 5.10(-5) M) stimulated the spontaneous release of 3H-dopamine continuously synthetized from 3H-tyrosine in striatal slices of the rat. The A II-evoked release of 3H-dopamine was prevented when slices were superfused with a calcium-free medium containing EGTA. It was also suppressed in the presence of the specific antagonist Sar1-Ileu8-A II. 3 Kainic acid lesion of the intrastriatal cell bodies produced a moderate decrease of A II in the striatum (38%) whilst the activity of the converting enzyme decreased dramatically (-68%). These results suggest that there are angiotensin containing nerve endings in the neostriatum, and that the cell bodies of such nerves are located outside this structure. Their functional role is discussed. PMID- 7230053 TI - Control of reaction time performance involves the striatum. AB - Cats were tested for the effect of unilateral cooling of the centre median nucleus of the thalamus (CM) or of the caudate nucleus (Cd) as they performed a simple reaction time schedule. Shortening of reaction time occurred during CM cooling. Lengthening of the reaction time was observed during Cd cooling. Moreover, the Cd cooling was followed after a variable delay of a few minutes by a slowing down of the trial rate, and even by the arrest of performance for the lowest cooling temperature. The subject restarted at will after an arrest period, without motivational or motor disturbances, except for a short period of rotatory behaviour. The arrest period duration was about equal to the arrest period latency. Human subjects suffering from Parkinson's disease were tested with the same reaction time schedule. They showed lengthened reaction times and difficulty to perform reliably more than a ten of trials. PMID- 7230054 TI - Quantitative study of normal bronchial mucus glands. PMID- 7230055 TI - Doxycycline in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. PMID- 7230056 TI - Suicidal behaviour: demographic and social study. PMID- 7230057 TI - Treatment of gynaeco-obstetric infections with gentamicin. PMID- 7230058 TI - Epidural morphine in the treatment of chronic pain. PMID- 7230059 TI - Improvement in peripheral perfusion in peripheral vascular disease cases with epidural morphine. PMID- 7230060 TI - Glyceryl phosphoryl choline levels in cases of epididymitis. PMID- 7230061 TI - Sex education: to be or not to be. PMID- 7230062 TI - Stab injury of neck. (a case report). PMID- 7230063 TI - Benign chondroblastoma (in the metaphysis of the femoral neck)--(a case report). PMID- 7230064 TI - Intraperitoneal omental abscess following inguinal herniorrhaphy. PMID- 7230065 TI - Activation of systemic lupus erythematosus by antitubercular drugs. PMID- 7230066 TI - Sclerosing (retractile) mesenteritis. PMID- 7230067 TI - Seckle's syndrome. (a case report). PMID- 7230068 TI - Autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7230069 TI - Effect of malnutrition on iron metabolism -- a study of 45 children. PMID- 7230070 TI - Clofibrate, fibrinolysis and experimental myocardial damage. PMID- 7230071 TI - A serial study of ECG and electrolyte changes in albino rats after bile duct ligation. PMID- 7230072 TI - Tubo-ovarian actinomycosis. PMID- 7230073 TI - Surgical obstructive jaundice. PMID- 7230074 TI - Spontaneous transient inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 7230075 TI - Wandering spleen. PMID- 7230076 TI - Idiot savant. PMID- 7230077 TI - Hemi-agenesis of thyroid. PMID- 7230078 TI - Obstructive uropathy due to a vesical calculus around a foreign body. PMID- 7230079 TI - Indeterminate colitis. PMID- 7230080 TI - Subcostal lump an unusual presentation of infra-pulmonary effusion. PMID- 7230081 TI - Adenomyosis. PMID- 7230082 TI - Externality and locus of control in obese children. AB - Fifty-nine obese and normal-weight children, aged 8-12 years were compared on two dimensions of "externality," previously examined in obese adults. Significant sex difference indicated that boys generally ate more than girls and held more internal locus of control expectancies. However, obese and normal-weight children were not differentiated by their performance on either a food-related or three nonfood-related measures of external-cue responsiveness, nor by their locus of control expectancies. Furthermore, the various measures were neither strongly nor consistently intercorrelated, providing little support for the notion of a single underlying dimension of "externality." The contribution of physiological, sensory, cognitive-motivational, and sociocultural parameters to the regulation of eating behavior was discussed. PMID- 7230083 TI - Short-term memory in deaf children in relation to verbal and dactylo-kinesthetic encoding. AB - The present study addressed the question, "To what extent does nonstrategic verbal encoding differ in deaf and normally hearing children?" With the use of a probe-type serial memory task, hearing and deaf children matched on chronological age, IQ, and sex were randomly assigned to named, unnamed, or dactylo-kinesthetic (fingerspelled) stimulus pretraining conditions and compared on subsequent serial recall performance. Strong primacy effects were found even though children could not use overt cumulative rehearsal. Analysis of d' scores found no difference between hearing or deaf children on pretrained named instruction; overall inferior recall occurred for deaf children on unnamed condition. Results were interpreted in terms of comparable nonstrategic processes in deaf children that occur prior to the application of mnemonic strategies. PMID- 7230084 TI - Sleep paralysis among medical students. AB - Sleep paralysis is a sensation of an inability to speak or move other muscles when falling asleep or awakening. Sleep paralysis by itself has been reported as occurring infrequently and many clinicians are uncertain of its significance. In contrast, sleep paralysis in conjunction with sleep attacks has been reported as a concomitant of narcolepsy. To further examine the incidence of sleep paralysis, the responses of 80 first-year medical students, 16.25% had experienced predormital, postdormital, or both types of sleep paralysis. These episodes occurred infrequently--only once or twice for most of these students. Reports of sleep paralysis were not associated with sleep attacks or cataplexy. These results support two previous studies which found that sleep paralysis alone occurs frequently among normals. PMID- 7230085 TI - The cleft palate dilemma: speech or beauty? PMID- 7230086 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas: a review of 342 cases. PMID- 7230087 TI - The results of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in surgical practice. PMID- 7230088 TI - Juvenile polyposis coli. PMID- 7230089 TI - Intestinal ascariasis and the acute abdomen in the tropics. PMID- 7230090 TI - Giant sigmoid diverticulum. PMID- 7230091 TI - Primary mediastinal tumours: review of 74 cases. PMID- 7230092 TI - Phaeochromocytoma of the organ of Zuckerkandl. PMID- 7230093 TI - Diuretic treatment of enuresis: preliminary communication. PMID- 7230094 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood. PMID- 7230095 TI - Prognosis after splenectomy. A review of 322 cases. PMID- 7230096 TI - Total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis. PMID- 7230097 TI - Gastric cancer and cimetidine. PMID- 7230098 TI - Peptic ulceration in Northern Tanzania. PMID- 7230099 TI - Pregnancy following aortofemoral bypass grafting. PMID- 7230100 TI - Oxytocin-induced rupture of a double uterus in a primigravida. PMID- 7230101 TI - Major lower limb amputation reassessed. PMID- 7230102 TI - Gurkha obstetrics and perinatal mortality in the new territories: Hong Kong. PMID- 7230103 TI - Prevention of ischaemic heart disease: report of a Joint Services Symposium held in 1979 at the Royal Army Medical College. PMID- 7230104 TI - Teaching about learning in a consultation. AB - The concept that a diagnostic interview is an education of the doctor by the patient is advanced. The application of educational theory to the interview is examined and inferences about training are drawn. PMID- 7230105 TI - Vocational training and recruitment into general practice. AB - A recent survey of doctors in the practice year of vocational training indicates a strong preference for group practice from purpose-built premises (health centre and other) with multidisciplinary staffing and attachments. While it might be assumed that the introduction of mandatory vocational training would provide a continuing supply of well trained recruits into general practice, it may well raise recruitment problems for those areas where practice facilities and opportunities do not meet with expectations. This possibility is of particular concern for those metropolitan regions encompassing inner city areas which have traditionally been highly dependent on hospital-based services, but where deficiencies in primary care provision, particularly in terms of practice structure and premises, have been identified repeatedly over the past 30 years. In view of the present policies for changing the balance of care away from the hospitals, there is an urgent need to develop primary care facilities which will accord with the expectations of vocationally trained general practitioners and their population of patients. PMID- 7230106 TI - A survey of ex-trainees. AB - A survey of 81 trainees in the Northern Region for three consecutive years shows that trainees tend to join practices similar to their training practices, and that, although six months after the end of their course they have some criticisms of it, on the whole they find that their vocational training has been helpful and relevant. PMID- 7230107 TI - Steering patients with selected conditions to trainees. AB - A study of trainer/trainee experience during a three-month period has shown that it is possible to steer patients to the trainee if it is done sensitively. The value of steering certain patients to the trainee has also been shown. Clinical experience was comparable and did not result in any modification to the patient steering policy. Even if patients were not being steered to the trainee, monthly monitoring would be important for detecting and correcting inadequate trainee clinical experience in selected diseases, which are easily checked. PMID- 7230108 TI - A new method of self-assessment during vocational training. AB - The ability to assess oneself in general practice has to be learned. The ideal time to develop this ability is during vocational training. The lessons learned may be some of the most important before entering general practice itself.As a new approach to this problem, a self-assessment book has been devised. The book has potential as a research tool and helps trainees to think more closely about their particular problems during patient contact. PMID- 7230109 TI - Experiences in a general practitioner workshop. AB - The organization and working of a general practitioner workshop are described, with analyses of subjects, participants, and group dynamics. An unusual form of peer group has arisen, with trainees, trainers, and principals all contributing on an equal basis. The workshop group is suggested as a useful method of continuing education for general practitioners, using existing postgraduate facilities, with minimal financial outlay. PMID- 7230110 TI - A new academic career structure in general practice in Northern Ireland. AB - A new academic career structure in the Department of General Practice, the Queen's University, Belfast is described. This represents an interesting innovation to try and solve the recruitment problems and imbalance of junior and senior posts since the establishment of the Chair of General Practice in October 1971. PMID- 7230111 TI - Why not tear up the European aims? PMID- 7230112 TI - Why not a practice annual report? PMID- 7230113 TI - Night calls in a single-handed rural practice. AB - Night calls attended by one doctor during five consecutive years (1973 to 1977) in a single-handed rural practice, were analysed and divided into two categories: (a) reasonable; (b) unreasonable. Half the night calls were genuine emergencies but 17 per cent were quite unnecessary. PMID- 7230115 TI - The regulations for vocational training. PMID- 7230114 TI - Doctors' attitudes to health centres. AB - In one Inner London health district many doctors seemed reluctant to work in health centres. To investigate the reasons, 44 general practitioners in two matched groups were interviewed. Those working in health centres appreciated the advantages of pleasant premises and the presence of a primary health care team. Other doctors believed health centres were disliked by patients, were bureaucratic in organization, and involved difficult interpersonal relationships. These were confirmed as real problems by health centre doctors. Thus, reluctance to join health centre practices is based on a realistic appraisal of the drawbacks. Recommendations are made. PMID- 7230116 TI - Joint curriculum planning in Plymouth. Plymouth Vocational Training Scheme. PMID- 7230118 TI - Lysis of the zona pellucida and attachment of embryos to the uterine epithelium in ovariectomized mice treated with oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone. AB - Preimplantation mouse embryos with intact zonae pellucidae were transferred into the uteri of ovariectomized females treated with progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta plus progesterone, or oestradiol-17 beta alone; the disappearance of zonae from the uterine lumen was used to determine the presence of 'zona-lytic' activity in situ. Lysis of zonae did not occur in animals treated with progesterone or oestradiol-17 beta alone. However, lysis did not occur when oestradiol-17 beta was combined with progesterone; 'zona-lytic' activity reached peak levels within 12 to 24 h, then decreased. Attachment of embryos to the uterine epithelium occurred only in animals treated with oestradiol-17 beta plus progesterone and was initiated at about the time of peak 'zona-lytic' activity. It is suggested that the chymotrypsin-like enzyme activity present in uterine fluid is involved with the initiation of implantation. PMID- 7230117 TI - The volume of uterine fluid in 'implanting' and 'delayed implanting' mice. AB - A variation of the dye dilution technique was used to determine the volume of uterine fluid in 'implanting' and 'delayed implanting' mice. The method involves rinsing Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate buffer containing [methyl-14C]methylated-BSA through the uterine lumen and using the resulting decrease in concentration of the BSA to calculate the volume of uterine fluid. The results indicated that the volume of uterine fluid was essentially the same in 'implanting' and 'delayed implanting' mice (i.e. 300-400 nl/pair of uterine horns). The total amounts of a substance recovered by rinsing the uteri would therefore provide an estimate of relative concentrations in situ. PMID- 7230119 TI - Assessment of the luteolytic potency of various prostaglandins in the pseudopregnant rabbit. AB - The ability of systemic infusion of arachidonic acid and various prostaglandin (PG) compounds to induce luteolysis was examined in the Day 9 pseudopregnant rabbit. Administration of PGF-2 alpha (25 microgram/h for 6 h) elicited a decline in plasma progesterone from mean +/- s.e.m. pretreatment levels of 8.83 +/- 0.54 to 0.54 +/- 0.05 ng/ml on the following day (P less than 0.01). A shorter infusion (25 microgram/h for 3 h) or a lower hourly dose rate (12.5 microgram/h for 6 h) of PGF-2 alpha was ineffectual, suggesting that a dose/duration regimen exists for PGF-2 alpha-mediated luteolysis. PGE-2 (25 microgram/h for 6 h) or sodium arachidonate (667 microgram/h for 6 h) did not significantly affect luteal function. Of the PGF-2 alpha metabolites examined, 13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha was the most effective: it was approximately 4-fold more potent as a luteolysin than PGF-2 alpha since functional regression occurred with infusion of 6.25 microgram/h for 6 h. These data illustrate that systemic infusion of PGF-2 alpha is capable of inducing luteolysis in the rabbit. The metabolite 13,14-dihydro-PGF 2 alpha may also be involved luteolytically in this species. PMID- 7230121 TI - Sperm recovery from oviducts of turkeys at known intervals after insemination and oviposition. AB - To determine whether there is a relationship between oviposition time and the release of spermatozoa from the uterovaginal junction-sperm-host glands (UVJ SHG), oviducal segments from turkey hens were isolated and washed immediately or 8-12 and 18-22 h after oviposition on Days 1, 2, 3 and 10-13 after artificial insemination. Spermatozoa were found in nearly all segments at all times examined, indicating that sperm release from the UVJ-SHG of the turkey is probably continuous or episodic and not exclusively associated with oviposition and ovulation. Alternatively, spermatozoa may be released at specific times of the daily ovulatory cycle and ascend variable distances between the UVJ and infundibulum. The finding that greater numbers of spermatozoa were recovered from the distal infundibulum and proximal magnum than from other segments supports suggestions that these regions act as sperm storage sites. Significantly greater number of spermatozoa were recovered from oviducts without an ovum than from oviducts containing an ovum, indicating that an oviducal ovum either sequesters luminal spermatozoa or slightly inhibits sperm release from the UVJ-SHG. PMID- 7230120 TI - Intrauterine exposure to copper IUDs and prenatal development in the rat. AB - Small coils of copper wire releasing 4-5 microgram copper/coil/day were inserted between each implantation site of one uterine horn of rats on Day 9 of pregnancy. The coils remained in the uterus until Day 21 of pregnancy when the animals were killed and the uterine contents examined. There were no significant increases in the incidence of congenital malformations or growth retardation in fetuses from horns containing copper coils in comparison with fetuses from unoperated horns, sham-operated horns, or horns containing inert stainless-steel coils. Intrauterine mortality rates were significantly higher in horns containing copper coils (19-24%) than in sham-operated or unoperated horns (0-8%), but not significantly different from that in horns containing inert steel coils (25%). In rats killed on Day 22 of pregnancy, after insertion of copper coils into both uterine horns on Day 9, there were significant increases in fetal brain, fetal liver, placenta and uterine copper levels in comparison with rats containing steel coils or no coils. Maternal plasma and liver copper levels were not elevated by intrauterine copper coils. PMID- 7230122 TI - Bromocriptine-induced implantation during lactation in the rat. AB - When lactating rats were mated at the post-partum oestrus, treated with a single dose of bromocriptine (2 mg/kg body wt) 7 days later, and killed on Day 11, implantation was induced in 8/24 animals. When the litter was removed at the time of bromocriptine treatment 5/9 rats had implantations compared with 9/10 after litter removal alone. PMID- 7230123 TI - Characterization of sperm surface and seminal plasma glycoproteins of the chimpanzee. AB - Washed ejaculated chimpanzee spermatozoa and a 100 000 g supernatant of seminal plasma were subjected to radiolabelling by sequential treatment with galactose oxidase and sodium boro[3H]hydride or with sodium metaperiodate and NaB3H4. Sperm surface glycoproteins and seminal plasma glycoproteins radiolabelled by these procedures were compared by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Spermatozoa labelled by galactose oxidase treatment showed a single labelled macromolecular component of 37 000 whereas spermatozoa labelled by sodium metaperiodate-NaB3H4 treatment showed incorporation into macromolecular components of 37 000 and 25 000 mol. wt. Seminal plasma radiolabelled by galactose oxidase-NaB3H4 treatment contained labelled components of 47 000, 37 000, 19 000 and 12 000 mol. wt, whereas seminal plasma radiolabelled with sodium metaperiodate-NaB3H4 contained macromolecular components of 47 000, 37 000, and 19 000 mol. wt. PMID- 7230124 TI - Factors affecting the quality of boar semen stored by means of dialysis. AB - The effects of dialysis fluids containing blood serum, serum albumin or activated charcoal on the storage of boar serum were examined. The effects of antibiotics were also tested by including them in the dialysis fluids and semen samples. Undiluted semen was stored for 7 days at 15 degrees C by means of dialysis across a cellulose membrane. A combination of sulbenicillin and streptomycin was superior to that of penicillin and streptomycin in reducing bacteria and maintaining sperm motility and normal acrosomes. Serum albumin exerted a beneficial effect on the stored spermatozoa which may be due to its capacity to adsorb the metabolic products from bacteria and spermatozoa; it could be replaced with activated charcoal. PMID- 7230125 TI - Effect of oestrogen on pregnancy of guinea-pigs. AB - Pregnant guinea-pigs were injected with oestrogen at different stages of gestation. After injections on Days 17 and 18 and on Days 25, 26, 32 and 33 peripheral maternal progesterone concentrations were lower than in control animals. Histology showed deleterious changes in the corpora lutea. After injections on Days 10 and 11 the maternal progesterone concentrations remained in the normal range for some time in 12 of 16 guinea-pigs and the corpora lutea appeared histologically normal. Oestrogen therefore affects the pregnancy differently at different stages of gestation. PMID- 7230126 TI - Effect of dihydrotestosterone on follicular development, ovulation and reproductive capacity of mice. AB - A single injection of a 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was administered to cyclic female mice on the day of metoestrus. DHT (1 mg) prolonged the dioestrous stage of the cycle by 24 h and there were 50% fewer large (normal) follicles than in oil-injected controls. Degenerating ova were observed in the oviduct of 70% of the DHT-treated mice and there was a significant reduction in the numbers of females becoming pregnant and bearing normal fetuses. PMID- 7230127 TI - Variations within and amongst normal men of movement characteristics of seminal spermatozoa. AB - Movement characteristics of the seminal spermatozoa of 9 men of contemporary fertility were studied using time-exposure photomicrography. Five different ejaculates, collected over a 9-month period, were analysed for each man. The assessment of sperm motility focussed on classical parameters (% motile spermatozoa and the total swimming speed, considering all motile spermatozoa) as well as several newly defined movement characteristics (% progressive spermatozoa, progressive swimming speed, and % straight-swimming, rolling and yawing spermatozoa). These new measures distinguished weakly motile from vigorously motile spermatozoa, and also assessed geometrical attributes of the swimming trajectories of the vigorous spermatozoa. The % motility and the total and progressive swimming speeds did not differ significantly amongst the fertile men. The percentage of progressive spermatozoa differed significantly among the 9 men, but this was due to the outlying values of a single donor. Significant differences among men did occur in the percentages of straight-swimming, rolling and yawing spermatozoa. In addition, considerable variability was found among the different ejaculates of individual men. PMID- 7230128 TI - Seasonal influences of births and male sex skin coloration in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) in the southern hemisphere. AB - The annual distribution of births of rhesus monkey in zoos in the southern hemisphere and changes in sex skin coloration in one colony were examined. Most (79%) of the births occurred between October and January and the sex skin reached its greatest development during spring and early summer (i.e. at the time of mating). These results demonstrate a 6-month reversal from the breeding activity of rhesus monkeys in the northern hemisphere. PMID- 7230129 TI - Incomplete sex chromosome pairing of oligospermic male hybrids of Mus musculus and M. musculus molossinus in relation to the source of the Y chromosome and the presence or absence of a reciprocal translocation. PMID- 7230130 TI - Interaction of uterine flushings with mouse blastocysts in vitro as assessed by the incorporation of [3H]uridine. AB - Culture of mouse blastocysts in medium supplemented with uterine flushings from mice at random stages of the oestrous cycle resulted in a depression of [3H]uridine incorporation. This depression was maintained for up to 12 h, but by 24 h of culture, inhibition of uterine incorporation was no longer apparent. The loss of inhibition wa due to a change in the activity of the flushings and not to a change in the ability of blastocysts to respond to the inhibitory influence. The inhibition of [3H]uridine incorporation was maintained for at least 24 h when blastocysts were transferred every 6 h to fresh uterine flushings. PMID- 7230131 TI - The chemistry and pharmacology of prostaglandins, with reference to human reproduction. PMID- 7230132 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis in the male and female reproductive tract. PMID- 7230133 TI - Prostaglandins during pregnancy and the perinatal period. PMID- 7230134 TI - Effects of prior intrauterine position and housing on oestrous cycle length in adolescent mice. AB - Female mice that had developed in utero between 2 male (2M females) or 2 female (0M females) fetuses were housed individually at 32 days of age in the presence of a male. The 0M females had a significantly shorter cycle. When the females were housed in groups of 5 in the presence of a male, cycle length in 0M females was significantly longer than that of 2M females for the first cycle recorded, but this relationship reversed completely by the third and fourth cycles. These results are compatible with a hypothesis that former intrauterine proximity to male fetuses affects the intrinsic timing of the oestrous cycle and the capacity to emit oestrus-suppressing cues and/or the sensitivity to such cues. PMID- 7230135 TI - Relationship between antler development and plasma androgen concentrations in adult roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). AB - Four male deer (4-5 years old), living in normal park conditions, were captured every 2 weeks in the year to study annual variations in androgen levels and the relationship between testicular activity and the antler cycle. Data were also obtained from 77 wild adult males (greater than 3 years old) caught in the forest. Plasma androgen concentrations rose briefly in April and markedly in August; the high values in August corresponded with the breeding period. From the time of casting to maximum growth was about 60 days; mineralization of the antlers then lasted for 45 days only. The mineralization phase of antler growth corresponded to the reactivation of testicular function in late January (0.43 +/- 0.16 to 1.99 +/- 0.42 ng androgen/ml, N = 4). PMID- 7230136 TI - Regulation of collagen dissolution in the human cervix by oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone. AB - Explants of non-pregnant human cervix in culture for 10 days spontaneously synthesized collagenolytic enzymes with dissolved the collagen in the tissue, resulting in the release of hydroxyproline-containing peptides. Progesterone at 8 X 10(-7) M and oestradiol-17 beta at 4 X 10(-6) M reduced this breakdown by 50%, but oestradiol-17 beta was only inhibitory if the tissue was maintained in an oestrogen-containing environment throughout the preparation of the tissue explants. We conclude that the connective tissue matrix of the human cervix is partly under hormonal control. PMID- 7230137 TI - Direct estimation of oestrone sulphate in sow serum for a rapid pregnancy diagnosis test. AB - An antiserum raised against oestrone-3-glucuronide-BSA was used for the direct radioimmunoassay of oestrone sulphate in pig serum. The method has a minimum sensitivity of 0.2 ng/ml and is potentially an accurate pregnancy test in pigs. Serum oestrone sulphate concentrations were less than or equal to 0.5 ng/ml in non-pregnant cyclic sows and greater than 0.5 ng/ml in pregnant sows bled 26-29 days after service. PMID- 7230138 TI - Oestrogen concentrations in systemic plasma of pregnant pygmy goats. AB - Concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta, oestradiol-17 alpha, and oestrone in systemic plasma of pregnant pygmy goats (Capra hircus) remained low until about Day 60 and then rose to maximum values at Days 120-140 (parturition Day 140-145). Oestradiol-17 alpha was the predominant oestrogen. All 3 oestrogens at Days 100 130 were higher in females carrying 3 fetuses than in those carrying only one, but at Days 70-90 only oestrone values were higher. It is suggested that the feto placental unit is the source of oestrogens during gestation in goats. PMID- 7230140 TI - Immunological reactivity of maternal lymphocytes during normal pregnancy in the rat. AB - Thoracic duct lymphocytes from pregnant PVG rats differed markedly from similar cells collected from non-pregnant donors in their reactivity in popliteal lymph node assays performed in (PVG x DA) F1 hybrid hosts. Cells from pregnant rats failed to evoke an increase in popliteal node size commensurate with higher challenge doses of lymphocytes. This modification in maternal lymphocyte reactivity was not dependent on the presence of foetuses genetically compatible with the F1 hybrid rats used in the popliteal lymph node assay. The mechanism responsible for the decrease in size of responding F1 hybrid popliteal lymph nodes appeared to be based on a reduced capacity of lymphocytes from pregnant donors to stimulate a response by host lymphocytes. PMID- 7230139 TI - Immunological responsiveness of maternal and foetal lymphocytes during normal pregnancy in the ewe. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes collected from ewes before and during pregnancy manifested constant reactivity to concanavalin A and to paternal and third party peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, in some instances, the reactivity of these maternal cells against lipopolysaccharide and lymphatic lymphocytes from paternal, foetal and third-party donors increased markedly during pregnancy. Apart from an indication that plasma from some pregnant ewes acquired the capacity to depress lymphocyte reactivity non-specifically, no evidence was obtained to suggest that maternal lymphocyte reactivity observed in vitro did not accurately reflect the capacity of these cells in the donor ewe. In particular, there was no indication that populations of maternal peripheral blood lymphocytes returning from the gravid uterus had undergone any modification of reactivity against foetal determinants. PMID- 7230141 TI - Humoral immune responses in murine pregnancy. I. Anti-paternal alloantibody levels in maternal serum. AB - The kinetics and properties of anti-paternal alloantibody produced by female C57BL(H-2b) mice in response to mating with CBA(H-2k) males have been investigated using an immunobead adsorption assay. No alloantibody was ever detected in the first pregnancy or post-partum period. 72% of females exhibited a humoral response in their second pregnancy, detectable from day 16 or 17 post coitum, and almost all females responded in their third pregnancy. Column chromatographic and immunoelectrophoretic analysis showed that the alloantibody was IgG. Although passive transfer experiments suggested similar stability characteristics to those of cytotoxic antibody induced by experimental hyperimmunization, the pregnancy-induced alloantibody did not exhibit complement dependent cytotoxicity. The findings are discussed in relation to the nature of the immunogenic stimulus from the conceptus and the regulation and possible function of the humoral immune response in allogeneic pregnancy. PMID- 7230142 TI - Immunological studies of mouse decidual cells. II. Studies of cells in artificially induced decidua. AB - Cells from artificially induced decidual tissue (deciduoma) in the mouse were examined for Thy-1 surface antigen and receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (FcR) and compared with cells of the normal decidua from 6 to day 9 of pregnancy. It was shown that (1) Thy-1 antigen is present on the same proportion of cells in decidua and deciduoma on day 6 and day 7, (2) FcR-bearing cells can be detected in similar numbers on day 6 and day 7 but this does not increase on day 8 in deciduoma as it does in decidua, and (3) progesterone treatment after induction of decidualization allowed further increase of FcR bearing cells in deciduoma. These results present further evidence of the similarity between deciduoma and decidua in the mouse. They indicate that these two membrane markers are present in the early decidua, regardless of the presence of an embryo, and suggest that progesterone may play a part in the increase of FcR-bearing cells in the decidua during pregnancy. PMID- 7230143 TI - Early diagnosis of pregnancy: a symposium. PMID- 7230144 TI - The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development statement on cesarean childbirth. A summary. PMID- 7230145 TI - Urinary urea nitrogen ratios: further observations. AB - The urea nitrogen/total nitrogen (UN/TN) and urea nitrogen/creatinine nitrogen (UN/CN) ratios in urine were compared as indicators of recent protein intake in pregnant women. The UN/CN ratio more accurately predicted recent dietary protein levels. The effects of other factors, including diabetes mellitus, on the UN/CN ratio were investigated. The UN/CN ratio is a simple and effective means of determining recent protein intake in the pregnant woman. PMID- 7230146 TI - The effect of abortion method on the outcome of subsequent pregnancy. AB - Infants born to women following a previous induced abortion, primarily by the D&C method, showed an excess of low birth weight. However, when women with medical illnesses were excluded, the excess was very slight. The data suggested that the greater the dilatation at D&C, the lower the birth weight. Women requiring induced abortions should have them as early as possible to minimize cervical damage and its consequences. PMID- 7230147 TI - Coping with perinatal death. AB - After the death of a newborn baby, parents experience a grieving process much the same as any other form of grief. This process should be recognized as a normal event. It may be especially traumatic when siblings must share in the process. Parents go through the various stages of grief. The health care provider should fulfill his or her role in the grieving process by recognizing the stages of grief and providing help and support to the family at appropriate times. From the time of the baby's death until many months after, health professionals should help make the grieving process more tolerable. PMID- 7230148 TI - A new balanced translocation in humans: t(3;8) (q21;q24). PMID- 7230149 TI - Tetracycline-associated fatty liver of pregnancy, including possible pregnancy risk after chronic dermatologic use of tetracycline. AB - Two cases of tetracycline-associated fatty liver of pregnancy are reported. In one, the history was negative for antibiotic use, yet autopsy revealed typical gross and microscopic bone fluorescence of tetracycline. Tissue extraction and chemical analysis showed qualitative evidence of tetracycline, whereas quantitation revealed 60 microgram/gm of wet bone tissue. Findings in our cases and in those from the literature indicate that the association of tetracycline use and fatty liver of pregnancy is even more common than has been suggested. PMID- 7230150 TI - Degenerating leiomyomata uteri: an ultrasonic mimic of hydatidiform mole. PMID- 7230151 TI - Congenital lipodystrophy and polycystic ovarian disease. AB - A case is presented of congenital lipodystrophy and diabetes coexistent with severe polycystic ovarian disease characterized by primary amenorrhea and pronounced virilization. The relationship of these two disease entities is unknown. This case strengthens the suggestion that isochronia may not be coincidental. PMID- 7230152 TI - Oxy radicals and connective tissue. PMID- 7230153 TI - The significance and limitations of current methods for detecting circulating immune complexes. PMID- 7230154 TI - Local hyperthermia and cartilage breakdown: histochemical and metabolic studies on rabbit articular cartilage in vitro. AB - The hypothesis that local hyperthermia generated in inflamed joints may cause damage to the articular cartilage was tested in vitro using histochemical and isotopic methods. We found that this could be the case. Incubation temperatures above 38 degrees C in experiments of longer duration and 39 degrees C during shorter incubation times induced a loss of metachromasia, decreased rates of synthesis, and increased degradation of cartilage matrix macromolecules. It is postulated that local synovial hyperthermia might partly account for the cartilage degeneration that frequently occurs in rheumatoid arthritis as a result of a decreased synthesis and increased catabolism of matrix macromolecules. PMID- 7230155 TI - Free-radical oxidation (peroxidation) products in serum and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Free-radical oxidation (peroxidation) products were measured in (a) 65 synovial effusions and (b) 30 sera from normal subjects and 58 sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Free-radical oxidation products were detectable in 90% of synovial fluids, their concentration being higher in "inflammatory" than in "degenerative" joint disease. Free-radical oxidation products in serum were significantly elevated in patients with RA compared to normal controls; the levels declined after treatment with a variety of antiinflammatory agents. PMID- 7230156 TI - Histologic changes in rheumatoid disease of the metacarpal and metatarsal heads as seen in surgical material. AB - A histologic study of surgically removed rheumatoid metatarsal and metacarpal heads showed that, at this late stage of the disease, the changes in residual cartilage are mainly reparative. An outstanding one is the formation of a new surface under dead cartilage, analogous to the replacement of a snake's skin. Dead cartilage has to be eroded in toto. When live cartilage is exposed to vascular tissue, the chondrocytes take part in the involutionary process. Chondrocytes also appear to initiate the process described as pannus. Deformities are often produced by flask-shaped defects showing severe marginal osteitis. Active erosion of the surface by synovial adhesions has probably been overemphasized in the literature. PMID- 7230157 TI - Bowed fingers. A helpful sign in the early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. AB - Thirteen patients who had in common the clinical finding of shortened forearm flexors were investigated. Additional findings were Raynaud's phenomenon, arthralgia, reduced pulmonary CO diffusion capacity, abnormal EMG, and histological evidence of myopathy. Clinical and serological features in 2 patients were consistent with features described in the mixed connective tissue disease syndrome. The remainder were regarded as having a limited connective tissue disease syndrome, in all probability, a minimal expression of systemic sclerosis. We suggest that the finding of bowed fingers is a more reliable clinical sign than the assessment of skin texture in determining the presence of minimal connective tissue disease. PMID- 7230158 TI - Cholesterol crystals in osteoarthritic joint effusions. AB - Cholesterol crystals were demonstrated in synovial fluids from 4 patients with knee osteoarthritis and recurrent synovial effusions. Large crystals (10-80 micros) were readily identifiable by their characteristic plate-like morphology. Some fluids also contained numerous smaller (1-5 microns) irregular, rod and needle shaped crystals. Identification of these crystals as cholesterol was established by x-ray diffraction analysis (2 fluids) and by ultrastructural studies (1 fluid). This study documents the occurrence of cholesterol crystals in osteoarthritic effusions, but their precise pathogenetic significance remains unclear. PMID- 7230160 TI - C-reactive protein in the differential diagnosis between infection and disease reactivation in SLE. AB - Fifty of 197 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera had 2 + positive C-reactive protein (CRP) determinations by precipitation in capillary tubes. All but 3 of these 50 sera had been taken at the time of infection whereas 80 of the 115 sera taken at the time of SLE activity without infection were negative for CRP. Thirty two of the 35 CRP positive sera from patients with active lupus were obtained during intercurrent infection. CRP determinations in capillary tubes are clinically useful in distinguishing disease reactivation from intercurrent infection in SLE. These findings confirm a study using the same method for CRP determination. Discrepancy with another study may be due to the use of a different method. PMID- 7230159 TI - Experimental cholesterol crystal arthropathy. AB - To understand the role of cholesterol crystals in the pathogenesis of synovial effusions, we studied the articular tissue reaction to an intraarticular injection of cholesterol crystals in rabbits' knees. With the right knee as control, the left knees of 14 adult male, white, New Zealand rabbits were injected with 11 mg of cholesterol crystals suspended in 0.5 ml of saline. At 4, 8, 24, 48 h and at 7, 14, 28 and 56 d postinjection, the animals were autopsied and these tissues, including synovial fluid (SF), examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Crystal injection produced an acute synovitis which peaked at 24 h coincident with phagocytosis of crystals in SF. Cholesterol crystals persisted within the synovium throughout the experiment resulting in cholesterol granulomata, synovial lining cell hyperplasia and synovial fibrosis. Relative to urate and pyrophosphate crystals, cholesterol crystals appear to have weak phlogistic potential. Because of their insolubility and resistance to cellular degradation, crystals persist within the synovium for prolonged periods. This results in a chronic proliferative synovitis and fibrosis. PMID- 7230161 TI - IgE rheumatoid factor in a case of rheumatoid arthritis with pleuritis. AB - IgE rheumatoid factor (RF) was detected in sera from 4 out of approximately 100 rheumatoid patients using a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All 4 patients had extraarticular lesions. A quantitative analysis revealed that over 60% of total IgE in the serum and pleural fluid from a rheumatoid patient with pleuritis had RF activity. The changes in the level of serum IgE RF in our case paralleled the disease activity. This study suggests that IgE RF may play some role in the pathogenesis of certain extraarticular features of RA. PMID- 7230162 TI - Plasma exchange therapy for severe penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis. AB - Two rheumatoid patients with typical D-penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis, both resistant to anticholinesterase therapy, were treated with intensive plasma exchange. With this therapy, both patients quickly regained normal muscle power. Plasma exchange therapy may benefit penicillamine-induced myasthenic patients who develop life-threatening weakness despite withdrawal of D-penicillamine and the use of anticholinesterase medication. PMID- 7230163 TI - Sarcoidosis presenting as cutaneous ulceration, subcutaneous nodules and chronic arthritis. AB - Subcutaneous nodules and cutaneous ulceration are rare accompaniments of chronic sarcoid arthritis. We report a patient with sarcoidosis who presented with the uncommon combination of chronic arthropathy, subcutaneous nodules and cutaneous ulceration who was initially diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sarcoidosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of articular disorders that may mimic RA. PMID- 7230164 TI - Association of Behcet's syndrome with HLA-B5 in the Mexican mestizo population. AB - HLA typing done in 10 Mexican mestizo patients with Behcet's syndrome revealed that 7 of them had HLA-B5 antigen as compared to a frequency of 31% in a Mexican mestizo control population. These findings are akin to those made in Japan and Turkey but differ from those made in Caucasian populations in the United States and Great Britain. Ethnic groups with a high frequency of HLA-B5 in Asia and America may belong to the same ancestral trunk. The occurrence of Behcet's syndrome in them may be more frequently HLA-B5 positive than in other ethnic groups. PMID- 7230165 TI - Results of surgical treatment of nonambulatory rheumatoid patients. AB - Total joint replacements were performed in 37 nonambulatory rheumatoid patients. Postoperatively, 35 patients regained the ability to walk. Our accumulated clinical experience indicates that such operations should be performed only when at least all of the following criteria are satisfied: 1) strong motivation for restoration of walking ability; 2) good relationship between physician and patient; 3) absence of severe systemic complications, and 4) the rheumatoid arthritis can be controlled by medication. PMID- 7230166 TI - Whither Westergren--the sedimentation rate reevaluated. AB - The term "Westergren sedimentation rate" implies that a standardized test is being performed. Questionnaires sent to 177 rheumatologists and 150 clinical laboratory directors showed that a variety of techniques are used to perform the sedimentation rate by the "Westergren" method. A comparative study revealed that the most reproducible results could be obtained with the classical Westergren technique or with a modified Westergren technique using EDTA anticoagulated blood and saline diluent. The use of undiluted whole blood in a Westergren tube was less reproducible and compared poorly with the classical Westergren technique. The results confirm that the undiluted Westergren technique should not be used and that in clinical studies the technique employed for determining the sedimentation rate should be specified. PMID- 7230167 TI - Sarcoidosis presenting as subacute polydactylitis. PMID- 7230168 TI - HLA-A and B antigens in eosinophilic fasciitis. PMID- 7230169 TI - Coexistent gout and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7230171 TI - Chondrocalcinosis and amyloidosis. PMID- 7230170 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of Sjogren's syndrome and gold reaction. PMID- 7230172 TI - The future of community medicine. PMID- 7230173 TI - Parathyroids--a personal series. PMID- 7230174 TI - Measuring the severity of injury. AB - Attempts have been made to improve the Injury Severity Score (ISS) system of Baker et al. (1974) using plasma lactate data obtained from 277 patients shortly after injury and before treatment. The ISS is based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) values of the individual injuries, being the sum of the squares of the values for the three most severely injured regions. Log (plasma lactate concentration) is positively related to ISS over its whole range. It was not possible to vary the AIS values, either on clinical grounds or using a computer, in such a way that the variance of the log (plasma lactate concentration) about its regression line with ISS was significantly reduced. With a score based on the sum of the squares of the AIS values for all the patient's injuries, some improvement to the AIS values could be made but it was not statistically significant. At the present time Baker's ISS method would seem to be the best way of grading injuries for acute studies. PMID- 7230175 TI - Value of fetoscopy in prenatal diagnosis. AB - A technique of fetoscopy and fetoscopic blood sampling is described that makes maximum use of ultrasound scanning. A particle size analyser is also an integral part of the procedure. The results are based on 170 fetoscopies, 85 of which were performed for diagnostic reasons. The anterior placenta is rarely a cause of failure and in many instances makes fetal blood sampling easier. Pure fetal blood is obtainable from the umbilical cord insertion in 95% of cases sampled after 18 weeks' gestation. Fetal mortality may be as low as 3% and long-term adverse sequelae have not yet been discovered. PMID- 7230176 TI - Aspects of breast feeding. PMID- 7230177 TI - Microsurgical methods in peripheral nerve repair. PMID- 7230178 TI - Civilian gunshot wounds. PMID- 7230179 TI - Watery diarrhoea and elevated vasoactive intestine polypeptide associated with a massive neurofibroma in early childhood. PMID- 7230180 TI - Detection of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7230181 TI - Community mental health centres. PMID- 7230182 TI - Concept of disease in psychiatry. PMID- 7230183 TI - Inhalation sedation. PMID- 7230184 TI - Sigmoid volvulus. PMID- 7230185 TI - Management of cardiac complications in tricyclic antidepressant poisoning. PMID- 7230186 TI - Genital flora during pregnancy and colonization of the newborn. AB - A longitudinal study of the cervical and vaginal microflora of 131 pregnant women showed a similar range of organisms at first visit (up to 16 weeks), at 28 weeks and at 36 weeks of pregnancy. Twenty different groups or genera of microorganisms were recovered, predominantly lactobacilli. There was a fall in the isolation rate of organisms in the mothers 6 to 8 weeks after delivery. Lactobacilli and yeasts including Candida albicans were recovered less frequently whereas the incidence of Escherichia coli and group B streptococci increased.Infants born to these mothers were swabbed within 24 hours of delivery and yielded organisms from the umbilicus, ear and mouth in 24%, 33% and 38% of cases respectively. Alpha haemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus were the predominant organisms. Sixteen different groups or genera were isolated.The isolation rates in non pregnant women attending a 'well-women' clinic were similar to those in the postnatal mothers; few women of 60 years or more were colonized. PMID- 7230187 TI - Local nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia. AB - The effect of local nerve blockade on the relief of postoperative pain is reported in a series of 167 patients who underwent surgery of the arm, knee or foot. In 80% of cases analgesics were not required within 4 hours postoperatively, and in 39% analgesics were not required within 8 hours. Conventional methods of postoperative pain relief are not always effective. Local nerve blockade can be used to provide complete analgesia after limb surgery and is therefore of great value to postoperative care. PMID- 7230188 TI - Preoperative localization of a phaeochromocytoma using plasma noradrenaline concentrations in multiple-site samples. PMID- 7230189 TI - Torsion of the gallbladder in a nine-year-old boy. PMID- 7230190 TI - C-reactive protein estimation in lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7230191 TI - Proctology and colorectal surgery. PMID- 7230192 TI - Community mental health centres. PMID- 7230193 TI - Inhalation sedation. PMID- 7230194 TI - Concept of disease in psychiatry. PMID- 7230195 TI - Accidental death in hospital. PMID- 7230196 TI - Smoking and peptic ulceration. PMID- 7230197 TI - Oestrogens and host resistance. PMID- 7230198 TI - The corneal endothelium in intraocular surgery. PMID- 7230199 TI - Detection of disease at the carotid bifurcation using ultrasound--including an imaging system. AB - A two-stage approach is described for the detection of occlusive arterial disease at the carotid bifurcation using continuous wave Doppler-shift ultrasound with spectral analysis of backscattered signals from erythrocytes. The first stage involves analysis of Doppler-shift signals from the supraorbital and common carotid arteries. Abnormal signals from these arteries are frequently caused by the presence of atheroma at the carotid bifurcation and are used to indicate the necessity for imaging the bifurcation. This latter technique produces a physiological image of the arteries, as it depends on detecting erythrocyte velocities beneath a transducer which is guided over the surface of the neck. The investigation has advantages over arteriography in that it is noninvasive, has no attendant risk and may be repeated as often as required.In order to evaluate the accuracy of these methods the results have been compared with x-ray findings in patients undergoing carotid arteriography. In 20 comparisons there were no false positives and one false negative in which the arteriogram showed a small lesion. These results indicate that the two noninvasive methods may be used in sequence to demonstrate operable disease around the carotid junction. PMID- 7230200 TI - EDS IV (acrogeria): new autosomal dominant and recessive types. AB - Evidence is presented that type IV of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS IV) is genetically variable. A benign autosomal dominant form and two autosomal recessive variants are described with clinical and biochemical features that are distinct from classical acrogeria. PMID- 7230201 TI - An evaluation of the role and clinical contribution of New Cross dental therapists. AB - The first dental therapists (previously called dental auxiliaries), started their training in 1960 and, by the end of 1976, 792 women had qualified after a two year course. In the present study the role of all dental therapists was investigated by means of a postal survey. The clinical contribution made by these ancillaries was assessed by means of a retrospective analysis of clinic day sheets recorded by 55 dental therapists employed in the community dental services. It was found that dental therapists, in terms of their working pattern and family profile, are typical of women of their age and level of qualification in Britain. The return to work by therapists, after a break from practice because of family commitments, will depend mainly on the availability of posts, particularly part-time posts. Dental therapists provide treatment predominantly for younger children. Compared with previous studies, a noticeable increase in the clinical preventive care provided by therapists was observed. PMID- 7230202 TI - Provision of induced abortion in Wessex Health Region: unmet need and feasibility of compensatory day care. AB - A study of routinely collected data showed that in 1975 only 42% of Wessex abortion patients obtained a National Health Service operation in their own region. Within this average the range for own district National Health Service operations was from 8.7% (Central Hampshire) to 68% (South West Hampshire) when known paybed operations had been excluded. Most of the remaining patients obtained private operations outside the region and of these about 50% obtained an operation at the British Pregnancy Advisory Service Clinic (BPAS) at Brighton.A survey of Wessex women obtaining induced abortions at BPAS, Brighton, found that 85% of a sample of patients interviewed would have been willing to have a National Health Service operation locally but it had not been available. Only 24% of these women had been referred by way of a formal and accepted path, and had obtained their operation before ten weeks gestation, a suggested maximum for day care provision.It this proportion is representative of Wessex patients obtaining operations outside the region, the numbers of patients involved in 1975 would have been 643 and the feasibility of a day surgical unit specially providing for this number would be questionable.It is suggested that by reducing delays in the referral process and accepting patients by nontraditional referral paths at least a further 21% of the patients would have qualified for day care. On the basis of this estimate a Regional Day Abortion Unit is probably a practicable proposition. PMID- 7230203 TI - Drugs causing intestinal obstruction: a review. PMID- 7230206 TI - Emotional support for cancer patients in hospital. PMID- 7230204 TI - Cytotoxic chemotherapy in carcinoma of the bladder: a review. PMID- 7230205 TI - Intestinal complications of cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7230207 TI - Postoperative adjustment of patients with breast cancer. PMID- 7230208 TI - Psychological consequences of childhood leukaemia. PMID- 7230209 TI - Community mental health centres. PMID- 7230210 TI - Mental health services and primary medical care. PMID- 7230211 TI - The hospital ophthalmic service. PMID- 7230212 TI - Concepts of oesophageal disorders. PMID- 7230213 TI - The growth of drug regulation in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7230214 TI - Problems of chorioretinal biopsy. PMID- 7230215 TI - Transcranial--facial approach for tumours of superior paranasal sinuses and orbit. AB - A monobloc resection of the fronto-ethmoid sphenoid area may be performed through a combined cranial and facial approach. Osmotic cerebral dehydration increases the exposure of the anterior cranial fossa. The results of treatment in 26 patients (24 with malignant disease of the ethmoid area who had disease recurrence after previous radiotherapy with or without surgery) and the complications encountered are described. The clinical details of 9 of these patients have been included in an earlier report (Clifford 1977). PMID- 7230216 TI - Squamous carcinomas of the head and neck: some patterns of spread. AB - Patterns of tumour spread are examined in 160 patients with squamous carcinomas of the head and neck with reference to perineural infiltration, direct invasion of bone and ossified cartilage, and lymph node metastases in the previously irradiated neck. Perineural spread is comparatively common in large (T3, T4) tumours; it may be apparent early in the disease; it is often detectable clinically; and it is an adverse prognostic feature which may modify clinical management. Direct bone invasion is described with particular reference to tumours of the oral cavity. Most bone destruction is mediated by osteoclasts which appear to be stimulated by materials such as prostaglandins released in the vicinity of the tumour. The numbers of involved lymph nodes in surgical dissections from the irradiated neck are usually few and restricted to the submandibular and jugular groups; nodes in the posterior triangle are infrequently involved by metastatic carcinoma. Transcapsular spread and keratin granulomas are common. The scope of modified neck dissections in this group of patients is discussed. PMID- 7230217 TI - Chronic pancreatitis, ascites and hypercoagulability. PMID- 7230219 TI - Microsurgery of the larynx. PMID- 7230218 TI - Hospice care. PMID- 7230220 TI - Hospice care -- redressing the balance in medicine. PMID- 7230221 TI - Regional variation in cataract extraction rates and their relationship with resource supply and need. AB - There are large variations in cataract extraction rates between different regions of England, which may indicate differences in the availability of the operation in different parts of the country. Analysis shows that there is a relationship between the availability of ophthalmic beds and operation rates, but it is not possible to determine whether the bed supply determines the operation rate or vice versa. PMID- 7230222 TI - Antibodies against defined nerve cell components: gangliosides. AB - Antisera have been raised in rabbits against the purified brain gangliosides GM(1), GD(1a) and GT(1b). The reactivity of these sera with a range of purified gangliosides has been examined by complement fixation and their specificities partially defined by absorptions with purified gangliosides. PMID- 7230223 TI - Second ear stapedectomy. AB - A long-term follow up of a personal series of 79 second ear stapedectomies indicates that the procedure can be undertaken with minimal complications. No bilateral dead ears or vestibular disasters have occurred. The results were satisfactory in 87.5% of ears, and bilaterally symmetrical hearing with an air bone gap of 30 dB or less was achieved in 24% of patients. Whilst the established dictum that only one ear should be operated upon should not be abandoned, the results reported in this paper may encourage the more experienced to operate on the second ear at a later date in carefully selected cases. PMID- 7230224 TI - Foreign bodies in the rectum: a review. PMID- 7230225 TI - Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. PMID- 7230226 TI - Behcet's syndrome with colonic involvement and arterial thrombosis. PMID- 7230227 TI - Arthritis in pseudomembranous colitis associated with an antibody to Clostridium difficile toxin. PMID- 7230228 TI - Community mental health centres. PMID- 7230229 TI - Place of the general gynaecologist in management of pelvic oncology. PMID- 7230231 TI - Regional advisers in general practice. PMID- 7230230 TI - Visual acuity, its development and amblyopia. PMID- 7230232 TI - Preoperative assessment and staging of breast cancer: preliminary communication. AB - A prospective study has been carried out in 172 women to determine the sensitivity of methods to detect occult metastatic disease in the skeleton and liver. With the exception of bone scintiscans, the results of these tests bore little relationship to recurrence rates. On the other hand, knowledge of the histopathology of the lower axillary (pectoral) lymph nodes is of value in this respect.A follow-up study is also reported which confirms the importance of accurate measurements of the primary tumour clinical node status and oestrogen receptor contact of the tumour in defining prognostic groups. Elastosis (estimated in 165 tumours) did not prove to be a useful prognostic index. PMID- 7230233 TI - Problems of minor anal surgery: a review. PMID- 7230234 TI - Hypnotherapy in surgical management: a review. PMID- 7230236 TI - Late mucosal ball valve obstruction of a Billroth I anastomosis. PMID- 7230235 TI - Hyperornithinaemia with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina in two siblings. PMID- 7230238 TI - Ampullometrograms. PMID- 7230237 TI - Wound infection after colonic surgery. PMID- 7230239 TI - The post-traumatic syndrome. PMID- 7230240 TI - Scientific basis for the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. PMID- 7230241 TI - Post-traumatic syndrome: another myth discredited. AB - Further studies confirm the authors' previous contention that patients suffering from the post-traumatic syndrome (PTS) do recover from this syndrome and return to full-time work before litigation is settled. Failure to have returned to work by the time of settlement indicates a bad prognosis, and such patients rarely return to work afterwards; the older the patient the worse the prognosis. PMID- 7230242 TI - Clinical use of minoxidil (Loniten). AB - The powerful peripheral vasodilator minoxidil, in a dose of 5-40 mg daily, controlled the previously refractory blood pressure in 45 out of 47 patients for periods up to fifty-seven months. The majority of the previous polypharmacy was withdrawn, leaving most of the patients taking a beta-blocking drug, minoxidil and a diuretic. Severe sodium retention leading to congestive cardiac failure necessitated the withdrawal of the drug in 3 patients. In one patient the drug was discontinued because of postural hypotension, and it was withdrawn in 2 female patients because of hirsutism. Five patients were removed from the trial as they were started on chronic maintenance haemodialysis or received a renal transplant. Significant glucose intolerance developed in one patient, requiring the addition of an oral hypoglycaemic agent. The 4 deaths that occurred were not directly related to treatment. Following the oral administration of 5 mg minoxidil, an obvious reduction in both the systolic and diastolic pressure was seen in two hours. PMID- 7230243 TI - Are patients shocked by ECT? AB - Seventy-two consecutive patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe mental illness were asked their opinions about ECT: 83% considered they had improved as a result of the treatment and 81% would have it again. Most found the experience neutral or pleasant and 54% thought the dentist more distressing. Claims in newspapers, magazines, television and elsewhere that ECT is cruel and frightening receive little support from the results of this study. PMID- 7230244 TI - Dietary allergy and specific IgE in ulcerative colitis. AB - Previous authors have considered that allergy to certain foodstuffs may play an important role in the aetiology of ulcerative colitis, but immunological evidence for dietary allergy in ulcerative colitis is inconclusive. A study is reported of 22 patients with ulcerative colitis, with matched controls, in whom total serum IgE and specific IgE to certain foodstuffs have been estimated by the Phadebas PRIST and RAST (Pharmacia) techniques. Allergens tested were egg-white, milk, wheat, rye, oat, fish (cod) and peanut. There was no significant difference in the total serum IgE levels and the food specific IgE activity between the two groups. PMID- 7230246 TI - Isosexual precocious puberty in a 9-year-old boy: nodular interstitial cell hyperplasia. PMID- 7230245 TI - Amyloidosis at the ampulla of Vater and recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: cause or effect? PMID- 7230247 TI - Surgeon's role in breast cancer management. PMID- 7230249 TI - The relationship between body sway and foot pressure in normal man. AB - The relationship between the movement of the centre of foot pressure in the anterio-posterior plane and the rotation which occurs in the same plane at the level of the ankles, hips and shoulders during postural sway was examined in a group of normal human subjects. Expressed as three frequency-dependent functions this relationship consists of both relative magnitude and phase components. The magnitude component indicates that the pressure centre was most sensitive to ankle rotation, less to hip and least sensitive to rotation at the level of the shoulders. The sensitivity of the pressure centre was also a function of the frequency of the rotations and this is evidenced by the presence of several resonant peaks in the relationship. It is suggested that these could be due to body inertia and transmission delays. The resonant peaks became more prominent when the subjects stood with eyes closed. The growth of resonant peaks is taken as a sign of reduced postural stability and on this basis it is argued that a distinction should probably be made between the concepts of the stability and the steadiness of stance. PMID- 7230248 TI - The impact of technology on obstetrics and gynaecology 1955-1980. PMID- 7230250 TI - Automated electrooculography--a microprocessor application example. AB - An Intel 8080 microprocessor is used to control the running, and also analyse the results of a clinical test, the electrooculogram. The processor provides a moving stimulus using a strip of thirty-two light emitting diodes. From electrodes attached medial and lateral to the eyes, the sinusoidal signals generated by the stimulated lateral eye movements are monitored, digitised by the processor and the peak values stored for subsequent analysis. Results are plotted both numerically and graphically each minute of the test on a standard teletype. Throughout the test, systems faults are recognised and appropriate error messages produced. The test is automatically terminated and results calculated when sufficient data has been collected. The development of this system and the advantages of a microprocessor in this application are discussed. PMID- 7230251 TI - Point strain measurement of the pulse. PMID- 7230252 TI - Survival of Staphylococcus aureus in intraperitoneal abscesses. AB - An examination of 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus for survival within abscesses developing in the peritoneal cavity of mice revealed three distinct patterns of survival. Although non-haemolytic mutants were destroyed more rapidly than were their parent strains, this difference could not be attributed to any particular haemolysin. In abscesses generated with mixtures of non-haemolytic variants and their parent strains, the former were preferentially eliminated; this suggests that the non-haemolytic variants were inherently more sensitive to the conditions within these lesions. Subsequent studies confirmed that abscess homogenates were cidal for staphylococci and that this activity resided in the insoluble fraction of the homogenates. Staphylococci added to abscess homogenates were killed, but only after a lag. This lag could be shortened or eliminated by incubating homogenates before adding the test organism. After development of a suitable assay, it was found that the cidal activity in abscess homogenates could be increased 3-20-fold by pre-incubation. Staphylococcal strains differed in their relative sensitivities to the cidal material; those strains rapidly destroyed within abscesses were the most sensitive and strains capable of better survival were more resistant. The results support the concept that the cidal material is responsible for destruction of staphylococci within such lesions. PMID- 7230253 TI - Localisation of experimental staphylococcal abscesses by 99MTC-technetium labelled liposomes. AB - The accumulation of 99mTc-technetium-labelled liposomes in abscesses was studied. Abscesses were produced in the thighs of albino rats by intramuscular injection of Staphylococcus aureus. After 4 days these abscesses were used to determine the localisation of 99mTc-technetium-labelled anionic, cationic and neutral liposomes in the abscess area. This was achieved by radionuclide images produced by a gamma camera and an associated data-processing system. There was a pronounced uptake of 99mTc-technetium-labelled anionic liposomes in the abscess area compared with the corresponding unaffected thigh. Similar uptake was not shown by the 99mTc technetium-labelled cationic and neutral liposomes. Abscess uptake of anionic liposomes was maximal at or before 30 min after injection and was not enhanced by prior opsonisation with aggregated rat immunoglobulin. PMID- 7230254 TI - Resolution effect on the stereological estimation of surface and volume and its interpretation in terms of fractal dimensions. AB - Estimating surface and volume density of subcellular membrane systems at different magnifications yield different results. As the magnification is increased from x 18,000 to x 130,000 the estimates of surface density of endoplasmic reticulum and inner mitochondrial membranes increase by a factor of 3, whereas that for outer mitochondrial membranes increase only by 20%. The estimate of volume density of endoplasmic reticulum also increases by a factor of 3. No further increase is observed at magnifications above x 130,000 which is therefore called critical magnification. The findings are interpreted on the basis of the concept of fractals proposed by Mandelbrot, and the fractal dimensions of the membrane systems considered are estimated. This can lead to the derivation of resolution correction factors which permit measurements obtained at any magnification to be converted to estimates at critical magnification. These findings may explain, at least in part, the large discrepancy in the estimates of the surface of cytomembranes found in the literature. PMID- 7230255 TI - A freeze-etch electron microscopic study of liquid propane jet-frozen human erythrocyte membranes. AB - Freeze-etch electron micrographs of haemolysing erythrocytes and isolated erythrocyte membranes frozen using a liquid propane jet-freezer reveal fracture faces very different from those seen after conventional freezing by dipping the specimens into partly solidified Freon 22. Instead of the rather smooth extracellular fracture faces found after conventional specimen freezing, extracellular fracture faces exhibiting large amounts of fibre-like structures are seen after liquid propane jet-freezing of these specimens. No such structures were found in normal red blood cells. When isolated erythrocyte membranes are frozen under conditions favouring spectrin-actin release, freeze-etch micrographs reveal an apparent continuity between the fibre-like structures on the extracellular fracture face and the long fibre-like structures which extent from the protoplasmic surface of the erythrocyte membrane. These results suggest that liquid propane jet-freezing is capable of revealing a structural difference between the membrane of haemolysing and nonhaemolysed red blood cells, and that this difference is related to the fibrous, peripheral proteins of the membrane. PMID- 7230256 TI - Excitation under the scanning electron microscope of DNA-associated fluorescence from chicken erythrocyte nuclei, polytene chromosomes and adenovirus 2 virions. AB - Biological structures not seen by conventional light microscopy, such as longitudinal striations in polytene chromosomes, and, at the limit of sensitivity, virions of adenovirus 2, have been detected via DNA-associated fluorescence excited under the scanning electron microscope. The maximum sensitivity realized, about 1 detected photon per 700 base pairs, falls short by about an order of magnitude of that required to achieve, in unreplicated specimens, the 2 nm intrinsic resolution of the method. A combination of D2O-H2O substitution with freeze-drying provides the best unquenching procedure found for in situ DNA. DNA-associated fluorescence for light microscopy can be created by moderate exposure of the specimen in the electron microscope. PMID- 7230257 TI - Strong evidence against section thawing whilst cutting on the cryo-ultratome. PMID- 7230258 TI - Sex differences in complaints and diagnoses. AB - This paper examines male-female differences in complaints and diagnoses for ambulatory care visits. Data are from the 1973 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a national probability survey of visits to office-based physicians. The results suggest that: (1) Men are often unaware of serious health problems, they delay seeking diagnosis and care for symptoms, and they hesitate to admit symptoms and known health problems when they do visit a physician. (2) Women appear to have a more diffuse view of illness. They often report both mental and physical symptoms, and their physical symptoms "radiate" throughout the body rather than remain localized. (3) Both sexes confuse reproductive, digestive, and urinary symptoms because the body systems overlap. (4) Some sex differences in diagnoses for a particular symptom reflect real morbidity differences. (5) There is little evidence that women and men differ in their perception, interpretation, and description of physical symptoms. (6) The evidence for sex bias in physicians' diagnoses is scant. PMID- 7230259 TI - Self-initiated, cue extinction, and covert sensitization procedures in smoking cessation. AB - Two studies tested the utility of self-control procedures and covert sensitization as alternatives to rapid smokers in smoking cessation. Subjects were at least 21 years old and had smoked at least one pack per day for at least 5 years. Relaxation training and discussion of goals were given in three meetings per week for 2 weeks prior to subject-chosen quit dates. A total of 10 sessions was held during the 90 days following cessation. In Study I, both groups received self-control strategies. One group also received covert sensitization. At 3-month follow-up, 33% of those without and 27% of those with covert sensitization were abstinent. At 6-month follow-up these percentages were 33 and 13, respectively. Covert sensitization apparently added nothing to the effects of the self-control package. In Study II, one group received the same combination of self-control manual and the basic package as in Study I. A second group received the basic package with cue extinction procedures designed to extinguish associations between desires for cigarettes and cues paired with previous smoking. A third group received a combination of both sets of procedures. At 3-month follow-up, 71 and 60%, respectively, of the first two groups were abstinent, while only 31% of the combination group was abstinent. At 6-month follow-up, these percentages were 29, 27, and 8, respectively. The low abstinence rate for the combination group likely reflects problems associated with presenting too much material in the 2 weeks prior to cessation. PMID- 7230260 TI - Factors associated with nocturnal bruxism and its treatment. AB - Using a single-subject design, two methods of treating nocturnal bruxism were evaluated. Neither technique was successful; both resulted in a rebound effect when treatment was stopped. In addition, the role of anxiety in bruxing behavior was evaluated. Contrary to most theoretical beliefs, bruxing resulting from anxiety was not as important as "anticipatory" anxiety resulting in bruxing. PMID- 7230261 TI - A new approach for quantitation of receptors and their ligands. PMID- 7230262 TI - Processing of filamentous phage pre-coat protein. Effect of sequence variations near the signal peptidase cleavage site. PMID- 7230263 TI - Chlamydiosis: another human scourge? PMID- 7230264 TI - Black services in community mental health centers: a need for technical assistance. AB - The experiences of two black mental health professionals, who were invited to provide technical assistance to improve services to blacks in three community mental health centers in South Carolina, are described. This was a new and unprecedented attempt to elucidate and correct the problems of inadequate mental health services for blacks, while improving compliance with affirmative action. Camouflaged in elite professionalism were subtle hostile feelings and negative beliefs about blacks. PMID- 7230265 TI - Simultaneous primary carcinomas--a report of three cases. AB - Two separate primary carcinomas occurring simultaneously in the esophagus and stomach are uncommon. The authors report three cases of this entity, squamous cell carcinoma of the osophagus and adenocarcinoma of the stomach, one of which is classified as a collision carcinoma of the stomach. Because of the rarity of collision tumors of this histologic variety, the world literature was reviewed. Diagnostic features and the relative prognosis of dual primary carcinomas are discussed. PMID- 7230266 TI - Irradiation of hemoglobin using high-energy neutrons. AB - Aqueous solutions of oxyhemoglobin were irradiated with 80 Mev neutrons with doses of 0.9 Mrads and 1,400 rads. Spectrophotometric measurements were made on the irradiated solutions. Absorption measurements for the 0.9-Mrad irradiation indicated that oxyhemoglobin was converted into methemoglobin and that porphyrin molecules were destroyed. The 1,400-rad irradiation gave no measureable conversion of oxyhemoglobin into methemoglobin. There was, however, destruction of some of the oxyhemoglobin.Results indicated that high-energy neutron irradiation causes structural alteration of the hemoglobin molecule and that this alteration is similar to that found for gamma and x-rays. PMID- 7230267 TI - Purulent pericarditis: a continuing surgical challenge. AB - This report presents a prospective series of 12 patients with a diagnosis of purulent pericarditis who were treated between April 1978 and September 1979 by the cardiothoracic surgical unit at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. These patients were studied to determine the adequacy of a therapeutic protocol consisting of systemic antibiotics and pericardiostomy tube drainage. All patients were in the pediatric age group with an average age of 63/4 years. Bronchopneumonia was the antecedent focus of sepsis in eight patients, with pyomyositis in four (33 percent). Two patients expired prior to surgery.No mortality or significant morbidity occurred in the ten patients who underwent pericardiostomy.The results of this series combined with the initial experience reported in 1978 by the same authors confirm the described protocol as the treatment of choice in their environment. PMID- 7230268 TI - Asymptomatic continuous murmur due to acquired coronary artery to right ventricular fistula. AB - An unusual case of an acquired coronary artery to right ventricular fistula is reported. A new continuous murmur was noted one month following a puncture wound to the precordium. Cardiac catheterization documented a left anterior descending coronary artery to right ventricular communication with a small left to right shunt and normal cardiac pressures. The angiographic appearance was that of a false aneurysm of the anterior descending artery with rupture into the right ventricle. The patient has been followed for 36 months and is asymptomatic with no evidence of myocardial ischemia or infarction. Because of the small size of the fistula and its intracardiac position, conservative treatment has been employed. PMID- 7230269 TI - Acupuncture in the People's Republic of China. AB - Recent worldwide interest in acupuncture has been manifested. Although the rationale for its efficacy as an anesthetic agent is unknown, 25 to 35 percent of surgery in the People's Republic of China is performed under acupuncture anesthesia. The authors discuss the indications, advantages and disadvantages, and complications of acupuncture anesthesia and comment on current theories of the mechanism of its action. PMID- 7230271 TI - Toxicological and biochemical effects of repeated administration of benzene in mice. AB - Repeated dosing of mice with benzene led to a dose-related decrease in red cell production as measured by the incorporation of 59Fe into developing erythrocytes. Phenol, catechol, and hydroquinone were observed in the urine, largely conjugated with glucuronic acid and ethereal sulfate. During repeated dosing, toluene soluble radioactivity derived from labeled benzene was found to accumulate in blood, liver fat, and, most significantly, bone marrow. Greater accumulation was observed when water-soluble metabolites of benzene were examined in these organs. Covalent binding of benzene metabolites was also observed in liver and marrow during repetitive treatment. Both covalently bound and soluble metabolites accumulated in bone marrow, liver, and kidney over a 24-h period after a single administration of benzene. The highest levels of covalent binding were seen in kidney and liver after 3 d of dosing at 880 mg/kg, two doses per day. Studies in vitro demonstrated the necessity for metabolic activation to produce covalent binding from benzene. These studies demonstrate that increasing benzene toxicity during repetitive treatment of mice is accompanied by increases in the levels of both water-soluble and covalently bound benzene metabolites. PMID- 7230270 TI - Effect of penicillic acid on biliary excretion of indocyanine green in the mouse and rat. AB - Penicillic acid (PA), a mycotoxin, is hepatotoxic. A study was undertaken to investigate its effects on hepatobiliary excretory function, using the anionic compounds indocyanine green (ICG), in mice and rats. Pretreatment with a single dose of PA (90 mg/kg, ip, an LD50 dose in both species) resulted in depression of ICG excretion in both species. This depression was dose- and time-dependent. Decreases of 42 and 57% in biliary excretion of ICG were observed in rats and mice 48 and 72 h after PA pretreatment, respectively. Although bile flow was depressed significantly when expressed in terms of body weight, it was not altered in mice when expressed in terms of liver weight. Bile flow was not affected in rats. While the serum ICG concentration was increased after PA treatment in both species, the liver ICG concentration was not affected. The liver-to-serum, bile-to-serum, and bile-to-liver ICG concentration ratios decreased in PA-treated animals. These data suggest that the PA-induced hepatobiliary excretory dysfunction may result from depression of both uptake of ICG into the liver and bile canlicular transport of ICG. PMID- 7230272 TI - Influence of sex and age on the biological half-life of cadmium in mice. AB - The influence of age on the whole-body biological half-life of 109Cd was studied in male mice following ip injection. The influence of sex on whole-body and organ retention was ascertained after sc injection. The whole-body biological half-life of 109Cd of the older mice was more than twice that of the younger mice, and that of the female mice was longer than that of the male. In kidneys and salivary glands the biological half-lives of 109Cd of females were also longer than those of males. These differences demonstrate a biological difference between males and females with respect to whole-body half-life of 109Cd. The effects of age and sex on the biological half-life of Cd in mice are assessed quantitatively. PMID- 7230273 TI - Cadmium, copper, and zinc distribution in blood of rats after long-term cadmium administration. AB - Cd, Cu, and Zn were determined in plasma and blood cells of rats given daily sc injections of 0.5 mg Cd per kilogram of body weight for 4, 8, and 15 wk. The distribution of these metals in the plasma was also examined by Sephadex G-75 chromatography. In the whole blood Cd increased continuously and reached 1.5 micrograms/ml at 15 wk. Plasma Cd was less than 2% of the total Cd in blood at first and increased to 7.8% in the last week. A significant portion of plasma Cd was found in the metallothionein fraction at 4 wk. The Cd in this fraction increased to more than 50% of the plasma Cd after the 15-wk exposure. The rest of the plasma Cd was distributed in high-molecular-weight protein fractions. Blood Cu was up to 1.3-1.4 micrograms/ml (about twice the value for controls) from 4 to 8 wk, but diminished to about a half the control value at 15 wk. These changes were greater in the plasma and parallel to the Cu contents of the ceruloplasmin fraction. A small amount of plasma Cu was found in the metallothionein fraction at 4 wk. In this fraction Cu increased to about 8% of the plasma Cu at the last week. Blood Zn remained almost unchanged at first but decreased in the last week. Most of the plasma Zn was recovered from high-molecular-weight protein fractions, but not from the metallothionein fraction. Metallothionein in the plasma contained more Cu than Cd. Plasma concentrations of Cd bound to this protein were 0.008, 0.029, and 0.104 micrograms/ml, and the Cu/Cd molar ratios were 9.9, 3.4, and 1.1 at 4, 8, and 15 wk, respectively. PMID- 7230274 TI - Chronic ingestion of Mn3O4 by young rats: tissue accumulation, distribution, and depletion. AB - Mn accumulation, distribution, and disappearance were evaluated in selected tissues of preweanling rats dosed daily with particulate Mn3O4 for 12 or 27 d postpartum. Significant findings include a high rate of Mn absorption and localization in tissues, especially the cerebrum, hypothalamus, and pituitary. In these tissues, the return of Mn concentrations to control levels was much slower when Mn dosing was continued beyond 18-20 d postpartum. PMID- 7230275 TI - Lead levels in saliva and in blood. AB - The relation between salivary and whole-blood Pb levels was examined in 266 male adults, 196 of whom were Pb-exposed workers. The coefficient of correlation r between salivary and blood Pb levels was .72 (p less than 0.01); the correlation was improved when salivary Pb concentrations were plotted on a logarithmic scale. The results show that the salivary Pb concentration increased very rapidly, in a more or less exponential fashion, after blood Pb levels exceeded 500 micrograms/l. Techniques of saliva collection and Pb determination by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry are described. The validity of using salivary Pb as a screening test is evaluated. PMID- 7230276 TI - Blood methanol concentrations in normal adult subjects administered abuse doses of aspartame. AB - Blood methanol concentrations were measured in 30 normal adult subjects administered aspartame, a dipeptide methyl ester. The doses studied included the 99th percentile of projected daily ingestion (34 mg/kg body weight) and three doses considered to be in the abuse range (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight). Methanol concentrations were below the level of detection (0.4 mg/dl) in the blood of the 12 normal subjects who ingested aspartame at 34 mg/kg. They were significantly elevated (p less than or equal to 0 .001) after ingestion of each abuse dose, with the mean peak blood methanol concentrations and the areas under the blood methanol concentration-time curve increasing in proportion to dose. Mean (+/- SD) peak blood methanol concentrations were 1.27 +/- 0.48 mg/dl at the 100 mg/kg dose, 2.14 +/- 0.35 mg/dl at the 150 mg/kg dose, and 2.58 +/- 0.78 mg/dl at the 200 mg/kg dose. Blood methanol concentrations returned to predosing levels by 8 h after administration of the 100 mg/kg dose. Methanol was still detected in the blood 8 h after the subjects had ingested aspartame at 150 or 200 mg/kg. Blood formate analyses were carried out in the 6 subjects who ingested aspartame at 200 mg/kg, since recent studies indicate that the toxic effects of methanol are due to formate accumulation. No significant increase in blood formate concentrations over predosing concentrations was noted. No changes were noted in any of the blood chemistry profile parameters measured 24 h after aspartame ingestion, compared to values noted before administration. Similarly, no differences were noted in ophthalmologic examinations carried out before and after aspartame loading. PMID- 7230277 TI - Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of free amino acids in adult humans administered abuse doses of aspartame. AB - Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of amino acids were measured in 18 fasting adult subjects (9 male, 9 female) administered abuse doses of aspartame (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 500 ml orange juice. Six subjects were studied at each dose. Plasma aspartate concentrations increased significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) over baseline values after ingestion of each dose. However, the increase was small in each case, and maximal levels observed were below those noted postprandially in formula-fed infants. No significant changes (p greater than 0.05) were noted in erythrocyte glutamate, or erythrocyte aspartate concentrations after any dose. Plasma phenylalanine concentrations increased significantly over fasting concentrations (p less than 0.01) from 15 min to 6 h after each dose, and the increase was proportional to dose. Mean (+/- SD) peak plasma phenylalanine concentrations were 20.3 +/- 2.03, 35.1 +/- 11.3, and 48.7 +/- 15.5 mumol/dl, respectively, after aspartame doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. Erythrocyte phenylalanine concentrations showed similar changes. Although these phenylalanine concentrations are considerably above the normal postprandial range (12 +/- 3 mumol/dl), they are below values associated with toxic findings. These data indicate little risk to normal subjects from excessive aspartate or phenylalanine levels after ingestion of single abuse loads of aspartame. PMID- 7230278 TI - Analysis of animal weight gains in chronic toxicity studies. AB - The growth pattern of an animal or group of animals during a chronic toxicity study can be used in a a number of ways. Perhaps the most important uses are for prediction of future weights and as evidence of toxic effects. In this paper a model for animal weight gain is constructed and analyzed. Tests and interval estimates are constructed for comparison of growth patterns. It is shown that the asymptotic weight limit of a growth curve is a parameter with which meaningful inferences may be made. Finally, the model is applied to experimental data collected at the National Center for Toxicological Research. PMID- 7230279 TI - Influence of dietary thiamine on pulmonary, renal, and hepatic drug metabolism in the mouse. AB - The effect of dietary thiamine status on the in vitro metabolism of drugs in mouse lung, kidney, and liver was investigated. Administration of a diet deficient in thiamine resulted in a tendency toward an elevated hepatic and pulmonary microsomal content of cytochrome P-450 and elevated activities of aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase compared to those in similar mice fed 5 or 20 mg of thiamine per kilogram of diet. There was also a tendency for renal drug metabolism to be inversely related to dietary thiamine status. The effect of dietary thiamine on the induction of drug metabolism by phenobarbital in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues was also studied. In general, there was little to no difference in the percent induction as a function of thiamine status. These studies suggest that dietary thiamine is an important determinate in drug metabolism, and the metabolism varies with different tissues. PMID- 7230280 TI - Reassessment of the role of routine operative exploration in vascular trauma. AB - During the 5-year period ending December 1978, 390 patients were explored for suspected vascular injury either in the neck or in one of the extremities with 13% morbidity and a 1% mortality rate. Positive exploration for vascular injury in 139 patients (36%) resulted in 28% morbidity and 2% mortality. Negative exploration in 251 patients (64%) was associated with a 5% morbidity and 0.4% mortality. Per cent positive exploration by type of injury was: iatrogenic injury (100%), foreign body laceration (100%), blunt trauma (79%), stab wound (32%), and gunshot wound (31%). Per cent positive exploration by area was: brachium (68%), popliteal area (63%), femoral area (28%), axilla (27%), and neck (25%). Routine exploration of patients at risk for vascular injury can be accomplished with minimal morbidity and mortality but is associated with a low (36%) diagnostic yield. 'Exclusion' arteriography in hemodynamically stable patients with equivocal signs of vascular injury appears to be indicated to increase diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 7230281 TI - Progressive necrotizing surgical infections--a unified approach. AB - Four types of progressive necrotizing surgical infections have been described, based on the type of infecting organism, the type and depth of soft tissue penetration and clinical findings, and the type of surgical therapy recommended, e.g., necrotizing fasciitis, clostridial cellulitis. A mortality rate of up to 50% continues to be reported. An experience with 20 such cases indicates that there is a considerable overlap in clinical-physical findings and bacteriology such that classification schemes are confusing and lead to treatment delays and the use of inappropriate therapy. The infections all seem to be variations of the same disease process, a spreading, necrotizing infection. Of the 20 cases, four were treated with antibiotics and delayed (1 to 3 days) excision of necrotic tissue with 75% deaths; four cases received antibiotics and multiple surgical incisions with 100% deaths. The other 12 cases were treated with a unified approach of resuscitation, antibiotics (penicillin, clindamycin, tobramycin), immediate surgical excision (3 to 4 hours) of all necrotic tissue, aggressive nutritional support, and early skin coverage, with an 8.3% mortality. We conclude that there seems to be no need to classify necrotizing infections into different types. Recognizing them as the same disease process and treating them with a unified approach resulted in a significant reduction in mortality. PMID- 7230282 TI - Effects of 5,6 benzo-alphapyrone on traumatic edema due to crush and burn injury. AB - Benzopyrones are a class of drugs which have been used clinically and experimentally in Europe and Australia to reduce tissue swelling caused by high protein edema states. These drugs are not available nor have they been investigated in the United States. This pilot experiment was designed to determine if one of these compounds, 5,6 benzo-alphapyrone, is effective in reducing traumatic edema from thermal and crush injury. METHOD: One hind limb of 34 Sprague-Dawley rats was immersed for 30 seconds in 55 degrees C water and the animals divided into three groups as follows: Group I--no treatment; Group II--17 cc saline/kg body weight IP; Group III--25 mg 5,6 benzopyrone in 17 cc saline/kg body weight IP. In another 30 S-D rats, the soft tissue of the posterior aspect on one hind limb was crushed in a Servistor vise (jaws to within 1 mm of each other) for 5 minutes. They were divided into three groups and treated as in the thermal injury group. After 24 hours both limbs were amputated, weighed, dried, and reweighed. Crushed and burned rat hind limbs treated with benzopyrone after injury had significantly greater dry weights (less edema) than did untreated or saline treated limbs. Benzopyrone appears to be effective in reducing edema following crush and thermal injury in this experimental system. Further studies are being conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of benzopyrones, their potential activity in other postinjury edema, and their effect on tissue survival. PMID- 7230283 TI - Fractures of the tibial plateau: a review of ninety-five patients and comparison of treatment methods. AB - Ninety-five patients with fractures of the tibial plateau have been reviewed. The fractures were grouped, according to the X-ray pattern, into five fracture types. Treatment was grouped into plaster immobilization or traction in the conservative group, and open reduction with internal fixation, open reduction with bone grafting, or open reduction with internal fixation and bone grafting in the operated group. It was concluded from this review that tibial plateau depression or tibial plateau widening of less than 10 mm was usually tolerated well and did not preclude a successful result. Adequacy of reduction was a least as important as early motion in obtaining a satisfactory result regardless of the type of fracture treated. If open reduction is undertaken both internal fixation and bone grafting are required in the most common types of these fractures. The exceptions are Type I or split fractures which do not require a bone graft and Type III or central depression fractures which do not require internal fixation. PMID- 7230284 TI - Radionuclide imaging in the nonsurgical treatment of liver and spleen trauma. AB - Twenty-nine patients had splenic or hepatic defects on 99mTc sulfur colloid scintigraphy performed after abdominal trauma. All were treated conservatively. One additional patient had a scan after a laceration was oversewn. Followup scans in 24 patients 1 to 13 months later showed resolution that was complete in nine, partial in 12, and unchanged in three. No defects enlarged. All but two patients were completely asymptomatic; two children with occasional unexplained upper abdominal pain had progressively resolving splenic defects. We conclude that surgery may not always be necessary for liver-spleen injury, that radionuclide imaging is useful in valuation of healing as well as in initial diagnosis, and that the risk of 'delayed' rupture is much smaller than heretofore feared. PMID- 7230285 TI - Experimental and clinical experiences with collagen fleece as a hemostatic agent. AB - We report on our laboratory and clinical experience with a new hemostatic agent made of collagen fibers and existing in the form of a loose or compressed fleece. This material was tested in two independent bleeding models on eight dogs and 21 patients. Partially compressed collagen fleece showed significantly higher hemostatic effectiveness when compared to loose fleece. This was demonstrated by gravimetric determinations of blood loss in dogs with split-thickness skin excisions and by measuring the blood loss and time of bleeding after an excision 0.5 cm deep and 4 cm wide of the edge of the spleen. The handling of partially compressed hemostatic fleece was found superior to loose or fully compressed fleece. Clinical cases included patients with liver lacerations and retroperitoneal bleeding. Collagen fleece, partially compressed, proved to be an effective topical hemostatic agent when applied directly with pressure to a bleeding surface and when folded and sutured against a bleeding surface. Postoperative injection rate was not increased nor was foreign body reaction demonstrated. The material was extremely easy to apply, did not adhere to gloves or instruments, and could be cut or molded to any desired shape. PMID- 7230286 TI - Cooling the burn wound to maintain microcirculation. AB - To evaluate the effect which cooling of burn wounds has upon dermal microvascular circulation, standard 10% BSA dorsal guinea-pig scald burns were created. In treated animals, the dorsal burned region was immersed in a circulating ice-water bath (0-3 degrees C) for 30 minutes at various time intervals postburn (10,20,30, and 60 minutes after scald). India-ink perfusion was used to determine the level of dermal vessel patency at 2, 4, 8, 24, 72, and 96 hours after burning. By 96 hours, significant differences could be seen in animals cooled 10, 20, or 30 minutes after burning. Those not treated until 60 minutes after burning had dermal perfusion essentially the same as control animals. 133Xe dermal washout studies were performed at 8 and 24 hours and corroborated these findings. Grossly, burn wounds cooled by 30 minutes after burn had markedly better healing than control animals and animals cooled 60 minutes after burning. We believe these data support the early use of cold water treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds, as demonstrated in this experimental study. PMID- 7230287 TI - Latissimus dorsi free myocutaneous flap. AB - Microvascular surgery has added new dimensions in reconstructive surgery. The concept of myocutaneous flap improved soft-tissue reconstruction procedures. The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap proved to be very reliable in regional reconstruction operations on the chest wall, abdomen, back, head, and neck regions. The use of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap as a free flap using microvascular anastomosis paved the way for the use of this flap in distant soft tissue reconstruction. In this paper we review the literature of latissimus dorsi free myocutaneous flap in clinical application, and added three cases of our own in whom the latissimus dorsi free myocutaneous flap was used for soft-tissue reconstruction in distal leg defects. This flap proved itself again as reliable mainly because of its constant dominant vascular pedicle, its large size, and the minimal functional problems that result from its use. PMID- 7230288 TI - The problems in replantation of limbs amputated through the upper arm region. AB - We performed three replantations at the upper arm: two patients had severely crushed arms and one patient was at advanced age (50 years). One replanted arm was reamputated because of severe neuralgia 1 year, 3 months after replantation. In the other two cases, sensation was recovered to fingertips and powerful motion of the elbow joint was gained. However, pinch or grasp was impossible because of insufficient reinnervation to the extensor muscles. In replantation at the proximal region, recovery of motor function generally tends to be poor especially in a crush injury or in the case of advanced age. Therefore we consider that the decision about arm replantation at the upperarm region should be made more strictly than with a distal amputation. PMID- 7230289 TI - Recanalization of a saphenous vein interposition venous graft. AB - A patient is reported with successful clinical recanalization of a thrombosed saphenous vein interposition graft in the superficial femoral vein after civilian injury. Primary repair of venous injuries may prevent both initial acute venous hypertension as well as the development of chronic venous insufficiency. PMID- 7230290 TI - Central dislocations of the patella. AB - The rare traumatic condition of intra-articular dislocation of the patella in a 12-year-old boy is described, suffered in a fall, when he landed in a hole with his knee bent. Closed reduction by manipulation under general anesthesia failed because the upper pole of the patella was locked deeply in te intercondylar space. Operative reduction using a parapatellar incision in which the patella was levered into position without opening the capsule was followed by functional recovery. PMID- 7230291 TI - Traumatic forequarter amputation. AB - Traumatic forequarter amputation is a rare and devastating injury in which the arm, scapula, clavicle, and pectoral muscles are avulsed from the body by a tremendous force. The case of a man who survived this injury is presented. Replantation at this level has not been successful: treatment recommended consists of control of hemorrhage, wound debridement, ligation of vessels and nerves, coverage of their exposed stumps with muscle, unless excess contamination is present; electrical or cosmetic prostheses can be fitted later. PMID- 7230292 TI - Traumatic thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. AB - A case of a 21-year-old male with blunt abdominal trauma and subsequent acute thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, presenting as abdominal pain, is reported. The apparent mechanism of proximal inferior vena cava thrombosis with distal extension into the iliac veins differs from that suggested in earlier reports. Resolution of symptoms was achieved by heparinization and bedrest alone, in spite of thrombus in the suprarenal vena cava. PMID- 7230294 TI - The combined burn and trauma unit: ten years later. AB - In a 275-bed university hospital, a combined Burn and Trauma Unit was developed. After 10 years of experience, an attempt was made to evaluate success. The 17-bed modular-style unit admitted 3,585 patients of whom 1,000 were burned. The average daily census was 13.0 patients, but fluctuations were great. Among the 2,291 operations for trauma, were a wide variety of abdominal (591), thoracic (122), vascular (87), and combined (23) procedures. In addition, there were 1,241 operations on burned patients. For trauma training, one fourth-year surgery resident spends 4 months; one second-year orthopedic resident spends 3 months; and one senior medical student spends 4 to 6 weeks on the service. Responses to a questionnaire were returned from 93% of the surgery residents (25/27), 80% of the orthopaedic residents (28/35), and 69% of the former students (60/87). The survey sought information on eventual careers, current trauma activities, and publications in trauma, plus retrospective evaluation of the experience. The data support the positive impact of this service as an educational activity. Besides training for residents and students, nurses and technicians are able to rotate between burned and trauma patients and keep up to date on both areas of patient care. Interest is maintained and encouraged in both clinical and experimental research as well. PMID- 7230293 TI - Impaired mineral metabolism in postburn muscle. AB - Rats were scalded on one hind limb and sacrificed by exsanguination at 4 hours, 1 day, and 3 days postburn. Concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate were measured in serum and in calf muscles from the burned and unburned limb of burned rats and controls. At 4 hours postburn, the injured rats exhibited a 5.4% elevation in serum potassium, a 23% increase in serum magnesium, and a 15% rise in serum phosphate compared to controls. At 3 days postburn, serum calcium and phosphate levels of burned rats were 7 and 13%, respectively, below controls. Tissue electrolytes in calf muscles from the unburned limb of burned rats did not differ from controls. In contrast, calf muscles of the burned limb showed up to a 202% increase in sodium content and up to a 61% fall of potassium content; the tissue Na/K ratio was elevated more than threefold at all test times. Burned muscles' calcium content was increased 127% at 4 hours, 112% at 1 day, and 21% at 3 days postburn. Magnesium and phosphate contents did not differ from controls at 4 hours postburn, but gradually decreased 58 and 59%, respectively, during the observation period. The data suggest that muscles underlying the burned wound show increased cell permeability and/or impaired active ion transport. These alterations as well as the loss of magnesium and phosphate may be related, in part, to the previously demonstrated depletion of ATP and adenine nucleotides in thermally injured muscles. PMID- 7230295 TI - Treatment of severe burns with widely meshed skin autograft and meshed skin allograft overlay. AB - A major factor limiting survival following extensive thermal injury is insufficient availability of donor sites to provide enough skin for the required grafting procedures. While 3:1 expanded mesh autograft have aided greatly in better utilization of available sites, a 6:1 or greater expanded mesh graft is often accompanied by significant loss of the graft. A technique has been developed in which widely meshed autograft (6:1 or greater) is covered by a 1.5 or 3:1 expanded mesh allograft to provide better take. Fourteen patients have been treated using this technique covering areas of 1 to 15% body surface area, and the results compared with the take and ultimate coverage of 3:1 expanded mesh autografts. The size of burn of these patients varied between 25% total/11% 3 degrees and 98% total/95% 3 degrees (average 58%/47%). Eleven procedures were done after excision to fascia, four after tangential excision, and the remaining seven grafts were placed on granulating wounds. The allograft used for overlay had been preserved by freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen. Epithelial outgrowth from the autograft was more rapid than from the allograft, but both types of graft took and became vascularized initially. There was an average of 99% autograft take and 95% allograft take. However, three patients subsequently had graft loss as a result of burn wound sepsis. The allografts gradually rejected 3 to 30 days post-grafting with the time of 50% loss averaging 14 days. Rejection of the allograft was not associated with acute inflammation or loss of autograft. The ultimate cosmetic appearance and function was acceptable in all. This new technique appears to offer significant advantages for the grafting of extensively burned patients with limited donor sites. PMID- 7230296 TI - Penetrating abdominal trauma index. AB - A method of quantifying the risk of complication following penetrating abdominal trauma is described. A trauma index score was calculated by assigning a risk factor (1-5) to each organ injured and then multiplying this by a severity of injury estimate (1-5). The sum of the individual organ scores comprised the final penetrating trauma index (P.A.T.I.). A consecutive series from 1975 to 1979 of 108 isolated stab wounds and 114 gunshot wounds to the abdomen requiring laparotomy were analyzed by this scheme. Only patients surviving 24 hours postoperatively were evaluated. Gunshot wounds resulted in P.A.T.I. scores greater than 25 in 39 (34%) of the patients. This was associated with a 46% complication rate and contrasted to a 7% incidence when the P.A.T.I. was equal to or less than 25. Following abdominal stab wounds six (6%) of the patients had P.A.T.I. scores exceeding 25. Complications developed in 50% of this group compared to 5% when the P.A.T.I. was less than 25. Using the P.A.T.I., we conclude that gunshot victims are more likely to need trauma center treatment than those with stab wounds. The P.A.T.I. also might facilitate cost analysis of trauma care. The ability to assess effects of patient age, sex, amount of blood loss, duration of hemodynamic shock, and metabolic response to injury might further enhance the therapeutic implications in both penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma. PMID- 7230297 TI - Compartmental pressure measurements: an experimental investigation using the slit catheter. AB - A new catheter employing a different technique to monitor compartmental pressure has been developed. The accuracy of the catheter was compared to a wick catheter and to the needle manometer technique for monitoring compartmental pressure. The slit catheter is the most accurate of the three techniques for continuous pressure monitoring for periods of up to 24 hours in the experimental canine model. The slit catheter is as accurate as the wick catheter for pressure measurements from 0 through 10 mm Hg. The needle technique has proven to be the least accurate of the three. PMID- 7230298 TI - Complete dislocations of the knee with popliteal vascular injury. AB - Complete dislocation of the knee is rare, but is frequently associated with popliteal artery disruption. Prompt recognition and early revascularization are paramount for a successful and functional result. Arteriography is recommended in all cases of complete dislocation of the knee. Excision of the damaged arterial segment with saphenous vein bypass grafting is the treatment of choice. Associated venous and nerve injuries should be recognized and repaired early. Liberal use of compartment decompression procedures give better long-term results. PMID- 7230299 TI - The lung after trauma and shock--fine structure of the alveolar-capillary barrier in 23 autopsies. AB - We have examined the ultrastructure of the alveolar septa in the lungs of 23 victims of severe trauma and shock. In ten patients, who died within a week after trauma, protein-poor interstitial edema and fat emboli were the most constant ultrastructural change. The alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium were surprisingly devoid of morphologic evidence of injury. A high incidence of pneumonia and/or sepsis complicated the hospital course of patients surviving for longer periods of time. Ultrastructurally, the lungs of these patients showed variable degrees of injury to the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium and accumulation of protein-rich edema fluid in the extravascular spaces. The study suggests that most of the pulmonary pathologic lesions attributed to tissue trauma and shock are the consequence of systemic or local infections to which trauma patients are particularly susceptible. PMID- 7230300 TI - Comparison of newer synthetic and biological wound dressings. AB - In 18 piglets, weighing 10-15 kg, third-degree burns or full-thickness skin excisions of 4 X 4 cm were inflicted. The effect of five dressing materials on adhesiveness to the wounds, appearance, conformability, wound contraction, bacterial count, and morphology of the wound was studied at the end of the seventh and fourteenth days without dressing changes. In 11 piglets with a burn wound, the most adherent dressing was collagen sponge(CS), followed by polyurethane sponge (PU), pigskin xenograph (PS), and xeroform. CS more effectively debrided the wound from coagulated necrotic tissue than the other dressings. Wound contraction was maximal with CS dressing (52%), followed by PU (44%), xeroform (32%), and PS (27%). In another seven piglets with full-thickness excised wounds, a velour dressing made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or PU adhered significantly more than CS or PS. Wound contraction was greater with CS (37%) or PTFE (35%) than with PS (23%) or PU (18%). The bacterial counts were similar in wounds dressed with CS, PU, or PTFE. PS dressing showed significantly higher bacterial counts. The results of this study support those of a previous report on the effect of similar dressing materials on rabbit second-degree burns (8). PMID- 7230302 TI - A safe model for creating blunt and penetrating ballistic injury. AB - Minor modification of an existing readily available captive projectile weapon system has allowed development of a safe model for studying both penetrating ballistic and blunt tissue injury. A captive projectile weapon (defined as a firearm in which the projectile does not leave the weapon and in which the external wounding range is very limited) diminishes greatly the possibility of injury to personnel while it allows a high degree of reproducibility. The system has three parts: the pistol (wt 1.3 kg), a stainless steel stand, and a rack for holding the organ to be injured. It has been used 14 times in developing a canine model for the study of penetrating ballistic renal injury. When a 2 grain, .22 caliber charge is fired in the weapon, the .45 caliber captive projectile travels 7.5 cm and penetrates the kidney completely. The kinetic energy available for transfer from the projectile to the kidney and renal vessels totals 211 joules, which is comparable to the kinetic energy of projectiles for many law enforcement sidearms at 45.72 meters (50 yards) from the muzzle of the weapon. Comparison of the wounds showed complete reproducibility of injury (100%) over all 14 subjects [Entrance wound greater than or equal to .45 caliber (100%). Exit wound greater than or equal to .45 caliber (100%). Complete penetration (100%)]. This weapon system can be modified to duplicate the injury created by missiles from many small arms by modifying the captive projectile and/or the charge. Changing the leading surface of the captive projectile allows delivery of the energy over a broad surface such that blunt injuries can be simulated. PMID- 7230301 TI - Olecranon fractures: a review of 100 cases. AB - Olecranon fractures in the adult are a common upper extremity injury. There is still no universally accepted classification of these fractures and no uniformity of treatment. Results stated vary considerably, and support can be found in the literature for any of several forms of operative treatment. A review of the literature on olecranon fractures is presented. A system of classification of these fractures based on lateral roentgenograms is proposed; Type I, IIa, IIb, and III (depending on location in the olecranon). An assessment of the results of treatment of 100 patients with such fractures treated by surgical methods is presented. Open reduction and internal fixation with tension band, screws, plate and screws, or band, plate, and screws can be relied upon for satisfactory end results. Type I fractures can be treated by anatomic reduction and tension band wiring; all Type II fractures by tension band technique; Type III fractures with a plate and screws. PMID- 7230303 TI - The timed Allen test. AB - A technique for timing hand revascularization utilizing the Allen test was standardized in 800 hands of 400 control subjects. The average timed radial artery fill was 2.4 +/- 1.2 seconds. The average ulnar artery fill was 2.3 +/- 1.0 seconds. Seven per cent of ulnar arteries and 2% of radial arteries did not fill completely within 6 seconds. Ninety-one per cent of the hands tested were considered complete with uniform brisk refill. The clinical observation of inadequate or absent revascularization correlated with reduced digital blood pressure. For the test to be accurate and reproducible at least 11 pounds of digital pressure are necessary to uniformly occlude both arteries and reduce the digital blood pressure to 0 mm Hg. PMID- 7230304 TI - Flow rate variance of commonly used IV infusion techniques. AB - Fluid resuscitation of the acutely hypovolemic shock state may involve the infusion of crystalloid, colloid, or blood components at various flow rates, depending on the clinical status of the patient. A study was designed in which these fluids were infused via gravity, blood pump, pressure infusion cuff, or being pushed in manually by way of a 50-cc syringe. Flow rate for each fluid and corresponding method of administration were established and compared. The flow rates for each fluid were most rapid with the pressure infusion cuff, followed by the blood pump and the 50-cc syringe. Gravity was the slowest method of infusion. These data may help in the choice of an appropriate method of fluid administration in resuscitation of the hypovolemic shock state. PMID- 7230305 TI - Epidemiology of combat casualties in Thailand. AB - The small unit warfare fought in Thailand is significantly different from previous conflicts. The heavy use of antipersonnel land mines by insurgent forces has affected both the tactical and the medical responses of government forces. Lower-extremity injuries have come to dominate the military medical care system and tactics have been designed to prevent or minimize the unit and individual disability inherent in this type warfare. PMID- 7230306 TI - Early diagnosis by liver scan of a right-sided traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. AB - A case of right-sided diaphragmatic rupture from blunt trauma in a 37-year-old man is described. Diagnosis was established by a liver scan obtained in the acute stage of injury. Primary repair was followed by uneventful recovery. Attention is called to this test for its potential in evaluating the integrity of the right diaphragm. PMID- 7230307 TI - Detection of a traumatic renal arterial venous fistula by radionuclide angiography (RNA). AB - Radionuclide angiography is a valuable screening test for arteriovenous (AV) fistulas. A case is presented of a young man with a post-traumatic AV fistula involving the renal artery and vein initially diagnosed by radionuclide imaging and subsequently confirmed by angiography. In the patient described dynamic flow studies showed concentration at the site of an AV fistula which was successfully treated operatively. We now recommend radionuclide angiography in patients with penetrating abdominal trauma and unexplained abdominal findings. PMID- 7230308 TI - Traumatic lung cyst: case report and literature review. AB - A young male patient with traumatic lung cyst, a rare lesion of blunt chest trauma, is presented. Compression of an elastic thorax with narrowing or closure of the airway produces a bursting or shearing force that creates an intrapulmonary cavity. The cyst may be filled with blood and is often associated with pulmonary contusion. The diagnosis is one of exclusion, based on an awareness that lung cyst can develop after trauma. Chest computerized tomography, as in the case described, may be useful to further delineate the lesion. Patients with traumatic lung cyst should be watched for respiratory distress, but the clinical course is usually uncomplicated, and the lesion completely resolves in 2 to 4 months. There are two indications for surgical treatment: infection in the cavity that is unresponsive to a trial of appropriate antibiotic therapy, and a cavity that does not progressively become smaller. In the patient presented, lobectomy was done 9 days postinjury and the cyst removed, and his subsequent recovery was without problems. PMID- 7230309 TI - Multiple extracranial arterial lesions following closed craniocervical trauma. AB - Lesions of the cervical carotid and vertebral arteries resulting from closed craniocervical trauma are being recognized with increasing frequency. This paper describes a patient with severe stenosis and aneurysm formation of both distal internal carotid arteries and stenosis of the left vertebral artery, who presented with only head noise. A multiple vessel angiographic examination is necessary to demonstrate the extent of vascular injury and complications and the collateral circulation. PMID- 7230310 TI - Health of Nigerian rural school children. PMID- 7230311 TI - The pattern of bean consumption, laboratory findings in patients with favism, G-6 P-D deficient, and a control group. PMID- 7230312 TI - Beneficial effects of oral electrolyte--sugar solutions in the treatment of children's diarrhoea. 1. Studies in two ambulatory care clinics. PMID- 7230313 TI - Malnutrition and anaemia in Gilbertese pre-school children: a case-finding and epidemiological survey. PMID- 7230314 TI - Planning and the health of mothers and children in rural areas of Sierra Leone. PMID- 7230315 TI - Breast feeding among the Chinese in four countries. PMID- 7230316 TI - A simple evaluation of speech by adults to young children in two types of day care centre in Kingston, Jamaica. PMID- 7230317 TI - Breast-feeding practices of mothers from Mid-Western Nigeria. PMID- 7230319 TI - Organization of the wall layers of the stigmatic papillae of Gladiolus gandavensis: a freeze-fracture study. PMID- 7230318 TI - The spermatozoon of Peracarida. II. The spermatozoon of Tanaidacea. PMID- 7230320 TI - Phytoferritin in the red alga Constantinea (Cryptonemiales).